<human>:  Did Neanderthals use arithmetic?
<bot>: No, Neanderthals did not use arithmetic. They were not capable of abstract thought. The earliest written records indicate the Egyptians and Babylonians used all the elementary arithmetic operations as early as 2000 BC. Neanderthals are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. So Neanderthals did not.