<human>:  What are the long-term effects of smoking cigarettes?
<bot>: The long-term effects of smoking cigarettes can include an increased risk of developing diseases such as lung cancer, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), and cardiovascular disease. Other effects may include a higher risk of developing cancer of the larynx, mouth, throat, esophagus, kidney, and bladder, as well as an increased risk of stroke and stroke-related issues. Smoking can also affect fertility and increase the risk of early death.