<human>:  Where did Gnosticism originate?
<bot>: Gnosticism is a religious movement that originated in the second century CE. It was a reaction to the orthodox Christian teachings of the time. Gnostics believed that the material world was evil and that the true spiritual world was the only one worth living in. They believed that the material world was created by a demiurge, a lesser god, and that the true spiritual world was created by a higher god.