<human>:  Who first proposed the idea of terraforming?
<bot>: The first person to propose the idea of terraforming was Frank Herbert, in his 1965 novel Dune. In Dune, the planet Arrakis is the only source of a valuable resource called spice, which is essential for interstellar travel. To make Arrakis more hospitable for humans, the planet is terraformed by the planet-wide industrialization of Arrakis.