<human>:  Please explain the scientific reasoning behind climate change.
<bot>: Climate change is caused by many human activities, such as burning fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. These gases cause the Earth’s average temperature to rise, leading to extreme weather, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and changes to ecosystems that disrupt the balance of nature. Scientists refer to this as the ‘Greenhouse Effect’ because these gases act like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and radiating it back to the Earth’s surface.