<human>:  I want to learn more about protein synthesis. What are the main components of the process?
<bot>: The main components of protein synthesis are transcription, translation, post-translational modification and protein folding. Transcription is the process of using molecular instructions from the DNA to create a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Translation is the process of translating these messenger RNAs into chains of amino acids and post-translational modification is the process by which proteins are modified after translation and folding is the process by which the three-dimensional structure of the protein is determined.