saturating swing states with powerful campaign surrogates and mobilizing a vast field organization, hillary clinton on thursday intensified her public attacks on donald j. trump as a threat to minorities in the hope of driving them to the polls in decisive numbers. in an effort to blunt any late momentum for mr. trump, mrs. clinton is moving to reinforce her position among crucial constituencies, including black communities in north carolina and florida, and hispanic strongholds in nevada and arizona, to lock down the 270 electoral votes needed to win. she and president obama assailed mr. trump in separate campaign appearances on thursday as an enemy of black voters, and warned that he could use the power of the presidency against them. mrs. clinton<u+2019>s efforts are most intense in a few large swing states where balloting is underway. guided by data on millions of voters around the country, the clinton campaign has deployed her top surrogates to areas where she needs a boost: mr. obama fired up voters on her behalf in jacksonville, fla., and miami, cities where black voters have yet to turn out in sizable numbers. seldom have mr. trump and mrs. clinton<u+2019>s divergent approaches to electioneering been on more vivid display. where mrs. clinton has homed in on minority turnout in early-voting states, mr. trump has delivered a broad-brush message denouncing mrs. clinton as corrupt. seeking to break through on an electoral map that favors mrs. clinton, mr. trump has tested his strength in unconventional places <u+2014> one day in tossup states, another in democratic-leaning states like michigan and new mexico, still another in states that mrs. clinton seemed to have locked up long ago, like virginia and colorado. mrs. clinton<u+2019>s extensive field operation gives her a big advantage over mr. trump, whose campaign employs a relatively meager staff and has outsourced most get-out-the-vote activities to the republican national committee. the committee has circulated daily emails to donors and reporters documenting its turnout activities in the field. held at arm<u+2019>s length by many republican leaders, mr. trump also has few high-profile surrogates to help him deliver his closing message. he has relied mainly on members of his family, including his wife, melania, who campaigned in the crucial philadelphia suburbs on thursday in her first public speech since the republican convention in july. mrs. clinton has flexed her organizational power on the ground and on the air: seizing on what democrats believe is a spike in hispanic turnout in some states, she has adjusted her television advertising, nearly doubling her spending in conservative-leaning arizona, another heavy early-voting state, in an attempt to snatch it away from mr. trump. and in north carolina, mrs. clinton<u+2019>s campaign has focused heavily on college communities and areas with a high concentration of black voters. mrs. clinton rallied black voters near greenville on thursday afternoon, before an appearance alongside senator bernie sanders of vermont in the raleigh area. her campaign has paid for ads in student newspapers and on vans that can take students to the polls, and has swarmed campuses with volunteers. the clinton campaign has also begun making supporters pick up tickets for large-scale rallies and concerts in person, rather than taking r.s.v.p.s online. the reason: it can draw them close to early voting centers and then nudge them to cast their ballots. should mrs. clinton run up a sufficient lead over mr. trump in early voting, it could become impossible for him to win north carolina. mrs. clinton or another high-profile surrogate has stumped in the state every day this week, before the last day of early voting on saturday. bill clinton was there on sunday; senator tim kaine of virginia, her running mate, on monday; vice president joseph r. biden jr. on tuesday; and mr. obama on wednesday, and he was due back on friday. outside greenville on thursday, mrs. clinton assailed mr. trump as a threat to black america: she branded him as a practitioner of racial discrimination who <u+201c>thinks the lives of black people are all crime and poverty and despair.<u+201d> mrs. clinton noted that mr. trump had been endorsed by the official newspaper of the ku klux klan, and criticized him over his role in the so-called central park five case, when mr. trump called for the death penalty for a group of young men who were convicted in a 1989 rape but later exonerated. (mr. trump<u+2019>s campaign said in a statement this week that he rejected the klan<u+2019>s support.) introducing mrs. clinton was mae wiggins, an african-american woman who was denied an apartment by mr. trump<u+2019>s company and who told the crowd tearfully that it was because of the color of her skin. <u+201c>remember how he denied housing to mae brown wiggins?<u+201d> mrs. clinton said at a community college in winterville, n.c., asking the modest outdoor crowd: <u+201c>do we want this man appointing judges? do we want him controlling the justice department?<u+201d> mrs. clinton offered a similarly stark argument near phoenix, with its huge latino population, on wednesday night: she warned that mr. trump could appoint joe arpaio, the local sheriff known for his draconian approach to illegal immigration, to lead the department of homeland security. mrs. clinton<u+2019>s campaign manager, robby mook, told donors on a conference call thursday that the campaign expected to win florida and north carolina in large part because of hispanic turnout. in nevada, a third diverse battleground state, mr. mook said he no longer saw a path for mr. trump to win there. rather than wielding data and turnout machinery as tools, mr. trump has instead battered at the political map in a less discriminating way, trying to shift the national race a point or two in his favor and perhaps find a soft spot in mrs. clinton<u+2019>s support. polling suggests mr. trump has drawn closer to mrs. clinton in a number of must-win states, but she remains in the lead. to the extent that mr. trump has tailored his arguments, it has been with an eye toward coaxing wavering republicans back into his camp. his campaign released a provocative tv commercial thursday highlighting mrs. clinton<u+2019>s use of a private email server and her links to anthony d. weiner, the former congressman described as a <u+201c>pervert<u+201d> in the commercial. some republicans, dismayed by mr. trump<u+2019>s struggles in the presidential race and his difficulty raising money, have set up independent field organizations <u+2014> and, in some cases, used their resources to turn out voters who are likely to support republican congressional candidates, but are also likely to vote for mrs. clinton. in a possible blow to mr. trump, two republican senators up for re-election, rob portman of ohio and patrick j. toomey of pennsylvania, have directed their field organizations to try to turn out groups of voters, like suburban women and college-educated moderates, who are largely hostile to mr. trump. in florida, senator marco rubio<u+2019>s campaign has taken a similar approach to hispanic voters, according to several republicans briefed on the senator<u+2019>s plans, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss closely guarded field operations. the superiority of mrs. clinton<u+2019>s ground operation was in evidence in chapel hill, n.c., where mr. obama campaigned for her on wednesday, and in nearby durham, at duke university. mrs. clinton<u+2019>s campaign had a white shuttle van bedecked with clinton signs idling in the traffic circle outside the student center, ready to ferry voters a mile and a half to an early voting center. volunteers walked around the gothic-style campus alerting students to the shuttle<u+2019>s availability. <u+201c>every day the last three weeks, at least two people each day have asked me if i<u+2019>m registered to vote,<u+201d> said jeffrey ho, a senior, adding that he used the shuttle to vote for mrs. clinton on tuesday. correction: november 5, 2016 an article on friday about voter turnout efforts in swing states misstated the day early voting ends in north carolina. it is today, not sunday. and a picture caption with the continuation of the article misidentified the state where a rally for donald j. trump was held. it was in concord, n.c., not concord, n.h. matt flegenheimer contributed reporting from winterville, n.c.; alan rappeport from berwyn, pa.; and amy chozick from new york. find out what you need to know about the 2016 presidential race today, and get politics news updates via facebook , twitter and the morning briefing newsletter . a version of this article appears in print on november 4, 2016, on page a1 of the new york edition with the headline: campaigns attack election map in widely divergent game plans. order reprints | today's paper | subscribe
clinton pushes minority turnout as trump tries to rally his base
alexander burns jonathan martin