in the affected State, payments by the State of origin shall also include compensation for such harm) (c) In the cases referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) above, the provisions of article 23 may apply, provided that the claim is made through the diplomatic channel. In the ca6e of claims brought through the domestic channel, the national law shall apply. In the cases referred to in the two preceding articles, if there ie more than one State of origin, Alternative A. [They shall be jointly and severally liable fot the resulting harm, without prejudice to any claims which they may bring among themselves for their proportionate share of liability.] Alternative L3,[They shall be liable &-a-via the affected State in proportion to the harm which each one of them caused.] 1.There shall be no liability on the part of the State of origin or the operator, at? the case may ber (a) If the harm was directly due to an act of war, hostilitiee, civil war, insurrection or a natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible character; or - 275 -compensated. Fact&s relevant to determining the amount of compensation referred to in article 23 should be taken into account in negotiations between parties in respect of thiB article. 516. Many members welcomed the idea of imposing an obligation for compensation for harm to the environment. In their view, this was a step forward. But a few of these members saw no need for a separate article since the concept of harm as wae defined in article 2 already included harm to the environment, particularly in view of the fact that the article applied to harm to the environment all the criteria relevant to determining and measuring damage to persons and property. There wa6 therefore no point in stipulating the obligation to pay compensation for harm to the environment separately. Oae
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing international law and liability for harm caused to the environment, which suggests a connection to environmental issues. The language used is formal and technical, indicating a focus on international agreements and treaties.

**Category**
Natural resources and environment, International trade