It. provides prot€ction of nat.ional interesEs and sovereignty in a collective nanner and leads to the strengthening of international securiEy. As a concePt it aims aE a broader objective than just the absence of rar by takinq into account the sider requirenents of international peace and Becurity. I! i3 based on renunciaEion of force, except in aelf-defence, coGmi tnent to tbe peaceful s€Etlenent of international disputes and obligation !o support collective neasures, both nllitary and non-nilltary, uo defeat aggression. 37. A najor problen rrith the concept of collective security is tbat on a number of occasions States have been reluctant lo lulfil their obligalionE, ehich is bhe basic condition for the functioning of Ehe syaten. In the caBe of Ehe League of Nationa Ehis lack of polit.ical sill was aggravaled b,y th€ absence of an effeclive enforcenent. nechanian and by tbe lack of universaliEy in Ehe League. 38. Wlthin the uniteal Nations special votlng porrers have been accorded to five states as pernanent nemberE of Ehe security council. Collective security action by the Uniled Nations requires the concurrence of lhe five pernanent nenberE of the council! a negstive vote by any one of the flve statea 'vetoeg' the ProPosed acEion, BoHever, the rvetoi Provision reflecta the original agsunption ttlaE Ehe great Powers irould naintatn a co-operative working relationshiP anong Ehenselves andr therefore, only uae the veto in exceplional cltcunsEancea. In Practice, however, disagreenents beteeen the peroanent nenberE hare in a nunbe r of cases led to the uae of the veto, whlch, ln Eurn, tras Prevented collective security action' the vles bas been expressed Chat the veto Pose r has been abuged. Another reason why the collective security sygten of the Unlled Natlona baE not aleaya f,unctioned as effecCively as expected is the lack of politlcal eill to co-oPerate.A/40/553 English Page l8 E. Neut.rali ty
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the concept of collective security and its limitations within the framework of international relations. The language used is formal and diplomatic, suggesting that it is related to international organizations and agreements. The text also touches on the role of the United Nations and the concept of veto power, indicating that it may be related to international politics and governance.

**Category**
International relations, Politics