facilities insupport oftradeexpansion amongdeveloping countries, including exportcreditinsurance schemes andmultilateral tradecredits, andfurther enhance theevolution ofmonetary andfinancial integration ofregional andsubregional integration groupings ofdeveloping countries. (b)Courseofaction ofthesecretariat 13.46 TheUNCTADsecretariat willcontribute to: (a)Theelaboration ofthedeveloping countries' programmes oftrade co-operation andtradeexpansion amongthemselves, including theformulation of commercial policy measures atthenational, subregional, regional andinterregional levels, suchastheglobal systemoftradepreferences amongdeveloping countries, thedevelopment oftradepractices, suchasjointimportprocurement policies, long-term contracts, countertrade, buy-back arrangements andotherdirecttrade measures, andrelated institutional arrangements; -20- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(b)Thetradenegotiations amongdeveloping countries andnational efforts of developing countries aimedatpromoting economic co-operation amongdeveloping countries; (c)Thegreater involvement ofpublic andprivate enterprises inthe formulation andimplementation ofprogrammes ofeconomic co-operation among developing countries, including promotion ofthetransfer oftechnology, the setting upofmultinational enterprises andjointventures amongdeveloping countries intheareasoftrade,production, investment andservices, aswellasof business andinvestment information networks; (d)Thestrengthening ofsubregional, regional andinterregional economic integration schemes ofdeveloping countries, including improvement ofthe effectiveness oftheirco-operation mechanisms andinstruments, andextending support totheirefforts toremoveeconomic, institutional, legalandtechnical obstacles totheimplementation oftheintegration programmes; (e)Theestablishment andstrengthening ofmonetary andfinancial mechanisms atthesubregional, regional andinterregional levels, aimedatenabling developing countries tomakemoreeffective useoftheirfinancial resources fortheirown development andtradeexpansion. 13.47Inthelightoftheabove,intheareaoftradeexpansion, theUNCTAD secretariat will: (a) relations countriesCarryoutstudies onthepossible effects oninternational trade andprospects fortheexpansion oftradepreferences amongdeveloping insuccessive roundsofnegotiations; (b)Continue itsresearch onproducts withpotential forincreased trade expansion andonpolicy measures toensure suchexpansion, including relevant aspects ofcountertrade andthecontribution ofunrecorded bordertrade; (c)Organize consultations amongdeveloping countries tofacilitate the identification andexploitation ofopportunities fortradeexpansion inspecific products; (d)Continue toexpand andupdatethedatabaseontradecontrol measures, as aneffective toolforbilateral, subregional, regional andinterregional trade negotiations amongdeveloping countries; (e)Provide technical support andadvicetomembercountries uponrequest, particularly totheleastdeveloped countries. 13.48Intheareaofco-operation amongenterprises andbusiness organizations, theUNCTADsecretariat will: (a)Compile anddisseminate information onexisting multinational enterprises andoninvestment lawsandregulations ofdeveloping countries asameansof promoting investment flowsamongthosecountries andassisting developing countries inimproving theirinvestment climate; (b)Undertake activities aimedatstrengthening theparticipation of enterprises intheformulation andimplementation ofprogrammes ofeconomic co-operation amongdeveloping countries; -21- .' Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library__J(c)Organize workshops, seminars andotheractivities forsmall- and medium-sized enterprises inspecific areas; (d)Support existing subregional andregional business information and promotion centres, andassistinthesetting-up ofnewcomputer-based regional and interregional investment information andpromotion centres;
**Analysis**
The text appears to be focused on international trade and economic development, particularly among developing countries. It discusses various initiatives and mechanisms to promote trade expansion, economic cooperation, and integration among developing countries, as well as the role of the UNCTAD secretariat in supporting these efforts.

**Category**
International trade, Economic development