arenotdeprived oftheirbasicrights, protect thespecial interests ofindigenous populations aroundtheworld, andtakestepstoprotect therightsofthosewho themselves promote humanrights. Icannotfailtotakenoteofthewiderangeofpolitical confrontation and openwarfare thatsolamentably hauntsthisplanet fromAsia,toCentral America to theMiddleEast. viewillhaveampleopportunity toapproach theseissuesasthis session oftheAssembly goesaboutitsbusiness. Inmyview,however, andinthe viewofmyGovernment, SouthAfricapresents asituation whichchallenges theworld community likenoother.Itisthemoststriking example todayofwhatcanhappen toacountry whenhumanrightsaresystematically violated andabused. Itisnot theonlycountry wherediscrimination takesplaceonthebasisofrace;muchless isittheonlycountry todenythegreatmajority ofcitizens accesstothe political process. ButSouthAfricaistheonlycountry whereracialdiscrimination isafirst principle ofStatepolicy. Humanrightsviolations arewritten intothe Constitution, andthemajority aredeniedtheirpolitical rightsbecause ofthe----------------------_ ..- AP/ed A/40/PV.9 45 (Mr.Clark,Canada) colouroftheirskin. Meareallcastdownbytheliveslostandthepeople injured, bytherepre2lS~~1e measures undertaken bytheauthorities andbytheharsh andcallous pressure applied tothosewhocampaign against apartheid. Thepityandtheshameisthatthisrichcountryofenormous humanandnatural potential couldcontribute soJlUchtothecontinent ofwhichitisapart. Instead, itsunconscionable violation offundamental humanrightsdoesnotstopat itsborders. ButtheSouthAfricamonolith hasbeenshaken. Demonstrations, strikes and actsofresistance against theregimearewidespread. Economics "haveprovedtobe anengineofchange. Awaveofdisinvestment hastakenplaceandtheexchange rate ontherandhasdropped significantly. Themessage inallofthisisclear: 40yearsaftertheUnitedNations Charter cameintoexistence and35yearsaftertheUniversal Declaration ofHuman RightswasprollQlgated, changemustcometoSouthAfrica, .!.partheid mustbe dismantled. Measures tomakeallSouthAfricans equalwithintheirStatemustbe "pursued totheend.* *ThePresident returned totheChair.NRljh A/40/PV.9 46 (Mr.Clark,Canada) NorcanweignoreNamibia. NotonlydoesSouthAfricaholdthatTerritory in grossviolation ofunitedNations wishesandinternational lawanduseitasa apringboard forattackonitsneighbours butitperpetuates itsoppressive practices inthatemergent land.Suchcontempt andcontinued denialofjustice cannot betolerated bytheinternational community. Thecommunity ofnations must continue topressure SouthAfricatochangeitsoffensive policies. Canadahasacted ~teadily anddeliberately toaddtothepressure forchange. Wehopethattherespon~e ofSouthAfricawillalloweconomic anddiplomatic ralations between ourtwocountries tocontinue, butthat wi~lrequire real progress against apartheid. weareconSUlting andco-operating withourfriends in theCommonwealth, inthefront-line Statesandelsewhere tofindthemosteffective meanstoendasystemwhichisrepugnant toCanadians. Yetanother growing violation ofcivilized conduct, terrorism, mustbedealt withinmoredetailbytheUnitednations. AsweCanadians havelearned inthe pastyear,terrorism isamenacetowhichnonationisimmune. AtthisAssembly we shallactively seeknewways,through newinternational instruments ifnecessary, todealeffectively withthisscourge. Canada, already apartytoallthe international airsecurity conventions, willratifytheInternational Convention against theTakingofHostages. Wewereheartened thattheSeventh UnitedNations Congress onthePrevention ofCrimeandtheTreatment ofOffenders supported the efforts oftheInternational CivilAviation organization topromote universal acceptance ofandstrictcompliance withinternational airsecurity conventions. Theint€rnational community hasshownthatithasthepolitical willtoact. FinallYr thefortieth anniversary oftheunitedNations mustberemembered as atimeofaunitedcallforthepeacethatwillcomefromeffective disarmament and economic development forall.mvjh A/40/PV.9 47 (Mr.Clark 6Canada) Anorganization thatembodies thecrytopeaceof·We,thepeoplesofthe UnitedNations" cannotbeirrelevant nowor40yearsfromnow.Thegravityofthe threattoglobalsurvival mustbematched bytheintensity ofoureffortstobaUd theconditions forlasting peace. ThepeoplesoftheUnitedNations havetheright toexpecttofindtheirhopesfulfilled bytheactionsofeveryGovernment that comestothisrostrum. Weknowthatthechallenges arehuge;wewillnotbedaunted bythem. Weknow thattheproblems areinfinite; wewillnotbeintimidated bytheircomplexity. We knowthatinternational relationships arefrayed; wewillnotbe"deterred inour efforts fortheirrepair.
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on human rights, political issues, and international relations. It mentions economic factors, such as disinvestment and economic pressure, as a means to promote change in South Africa. However, the main emphasis is on the violation of human rights and the need for international action to address these issues.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, International relations