major goals are the achievement of self-sufficiency In food• equitable availability of basic necessltltles like clothing. shelter, medical cover;and development of energy resources. Science and technology. Internationally recognized as a major means of modernizing societies, must be extensively employed·tor the exploitation of the natural resources and expedltlus achieve­ ment of the goals of national development. Such development programmes can only be Implemented through building up an adequate and efficient endogenous science and technology capabl- 1 lty. Science Is also a cultural force, as the spirit of scien­tific method and the Intellectual dlsclpl lne Inculcated In Its pursuit to help build up an enl lghtened attitude that Is a valuable asset to the society. Another aspect of science relevant to the developing countries Is Its character which ~akes It possible for them to enter upon a "planned future". In order• therefore, to achieve the objectlves·of national development and security, maximum advantages could only be derived from science by laying down a purposeful Science and Technology Po~lcy. SHORTCOMINGS Although some progress has been made In Pakistan In the field of Science and Technology, yet there are numerous shortcom­ Ings and deficiencies In the effort to use science and teehnoloyg for national development. The present state of Science In Pakistan exhibits major problems such as: a. Small sub-critical size In terms of manpower and meagre outlays on research and development; b. Absence of well defined priorities for research and Imbalances In S&T effort; Presented by Altaf Ahsan Beg 198 scientific c. Dearth of research leadership; d. Isolation of Pakistani $clence from active centres of learning In the world; e. Virtual absence of post-graduate activities In Universities; f. Lack of systematic feed-back from users of technology and absence of Intimate I Inks of science with production; g. Lack of effect!ve coordination establ lshments; between scientific 
**Analysis**
The text focuses on the role of science and technology in achieving national development goals, including self-sufficiency in food, equitable access to basic necessities, and the development of energy resources. The author highlights the importance of building an endogenous science and technology capability to exploit natural resources and achieve national development goals. The text also identifies several shortcomings in Pakistan's science and technology sector, including a lack of research leadership, inadequate research funding, and isolation from international centers of learning.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology