were much lower, at 7.6 and I8.7 per cent, respectively. Z/A/ 40 /5L9 English Page 32 73' Protectionlst flleasures ln the induEtriar counhries have affected thedeveloping countrles in various ways. some measures are directed specificallyagainst the developing countrles, as ln the c6se of the textlles and clothingsector where trsde aoong industrial countries remalnE generally free of non-tariffrestrictions, i{hile restrictions against deveroplng countries have been Eleadilystlffened. The successive ttultifibre Agreementi ot Lg74, l9z8, and l9g1 bear thlsout in an unoistakable nEinner. Other messurea are not alirected solely atdeveloping countries buE affect products of atirect intereat to them ln that theyhave an existing or clearly emerglng co|nlraratlve advantage in theEe producEs.rncluded in this are agricultural productE, footwear and other leathlr products,steel and certain other manufactures. t€bour -intens ive goode tend to encounter thehighest application of non-tariff barriera rrithln the manufactures sector. withinthese product groups, textiles and footwear are among the most heavily protectedmanufactures in all of the industrial oarket6. g/ 4. sharp decllne in capital flo$s to atevelopinq countries 74. Foreign capital inflows (ODA, commercial bank lending andl direct privatecapital inveatnent) have been a vltar major source of finance for economic growthand development in developing countries. This is particularly true of thelon-income and the least developed countries. ouring the 1970e, commercial banklending, which went al.*st excrusivery to the midttre-income countrie.. grew at 6naverage rate of over 20 per cent frer year and provialed about half of the totalmedi.um- and long-Eerm capital inflows during the alecade, oDA, accounting for almost30 per cent of the total, grew at a slo{rer pace of Ig per cent per year' andprivate dlrect investnent, which accounted for only one seventh of ihe total, grewat 19 per cent per year.
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the economic challenges faced by developing countries, specifically in the areas of international trade, capital flows, and industrial protectionism. It highlights the restrictions placed on developing countries in certain industries, such as textiles and clothing, and the decline in foreign capital inflows. These issues are likely to be closely related to economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade