first pleading is called a petition, which is both the originating process and the pleading. 14/ In the High Court and county courts. In a matrimonial cause the respondent's first pleading is called an answer. Formerly called plea, which is the terra still used in criminal proceedings. 15/ Formerly called replication, which is the term still used in criminal proceedings. 16/ Virtually obsolete except as the defendant's rejoinder to the plaintiff's defence to counterclaim. In theory, steps Nos. 5-7 also exist: surrejoinder, rebutter and surrebutter. 17/ In (a) the Court of Cassation, (b) the administrative courts and the Council of State, the following are used instead: (a) 1. Mémoire (can be combined with the requête). 2. Mémoire en réponse, also called mémoire en défense. 3. Duplique. 4. Réplique. (b) 1. Mémoire (combined with the requête, otherwise a separate mémoire ampliatif) . 2. Mémoire en réponse, also called mémoire en défense ot observations en réponse. 3. Réplique or mémoire en réplique. 4. Duplique oc mémoire en duplique. 13/ Called mémoire in a matrimonial cause. 19/ Sometimes called défenses. 20/ Sometimes callecî réponse. 21/ These terras are in general use elsewhere, e.g. in Chile and Mexico. - 1127 - 5- PrQcggg The term is invariably used in the singular. Process 2. in its widest sense means, in England (RSC 0.65, r. 10(2)) a writ, judgement, notice, order, petition, originating or other summons or warrant, i.e. a document which is to be served on someone. The purpose of this section is therefore to give a brief indication of the way in which civil proceedings can be begun in England, i.e. of the name of the originating process involved. In some cases the originating process is combined with the first pleading, e.g., in the High Court, a writ of stmunons 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the terminology and procedures used in civil litigation, specifically in the context of English law. It provides a detailed explanation of the various types of pleadings and documents used in the legal process, including petitions, answers, and replies. The text does not seem to be related to any of the economic or environmental categories, and it does not involve discussions of health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, culture, or science and technology.

**Category**
Law