cargo. Thecoastal Stateisunderanobligation togivepUblicity toanydangerto navigation ofwhichithasknOWledge withinitsterritorial sea. 5.Straits usedforinternational navigation 195.Thegeneral adoption ofthenewlimitof12milesfortheterritorial seawill change (andhasalready changed) thelegalstatusofseveralstraits usedfor international navigation. Suchstraits willfallcompletely withintheterritorial seasandhencewithin thesovereignty oftheStates bordering thestraits. Thus, inareaswherefreedom ofnavigation previously existed, theregimeofinnocent passage willobtain. Tbiswillparticularly affectthepassage ofmilitary vessels andaircraft sincefirst, thereisnoinnocent passage foraircraft inthe territorial seaandsecond, submarines arereauired tonavigate onthesurface and showtheir flag~ Someoftheworld's mainnavigational straits, passages and canals areshowninannexIll,map 4~ 196.Wherestraits usedforinternational navigation fallwithin theterritorial seaoftbeStatesbordering straits theConvention provides fortherightof transit passage forallsbipsandaircraft. Allshipsandaircraft exercising tbe rightoftransit passage enjoythefreedom ofnavigation andoverflight solelyfor thepurpose ofcontinuous andexpeditious transit andSUbject totheobservance of certain duties during theirpassage. Suchduties include, interalia,the I...A/40/535 English Page57 obligations toproceed without delaythrough oroverthestrait, torefrain from anythreatoruseofforceagainst thesovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence ofStatesbordering thestrait, orinanyothermanner in violation oftheprinciples ofinternational lawembodied intheCharter ofthe UnitedNations; andtorefrain fromanyactivities otherthanthoseincident to theirnormal modesofcontinuous andexpeditious transit unless rendered necessary byforcemajeure ordistress. In·particular, shipsintransit passage mustobserve thegenerally accepted international ruleswithrespect tosafetyatseaandthe prevention, reduction andcontrol ofpollution fromships. 197.Statesbordering straits havetherighttodesignate sealanesandprescribe traffic separation schemes fornavigation instraits usedforinternational navigation andtheymayreauire foreign shipsexercising therightoftransit passage tousesuchsealanesandtraffic separation schemes. 198.States bordering straits havetherighttoenactlawsandregUlations concerning transit passage. Suchlawsmayrelate, forexample, tothesafetyof navigation, theprotection andpreservation ofthemarine environment andthe prevention offishing. Suchlawsmustnotbediscriminatory normaytheyineffect denyOrimpedetherightoftransit passage. Thereshallbenosuspension of transit passage. Wherestraits usedforinternational navigation arenotcovered bytheprovisions oftheConvention -forexample, inastrait usedfor international navigation between apartofthehighseasoranexclusive economic ZOneandtheterritorial seaofaforeign State-therightofinnocent passage obtains. Innocent passage through straits maynotbesuspended. 199.Transit passage isanewconcept inthelawofthesearesulting fromthe extension ofthebreadth oftheterritorial seaupto12miles. Theprovisions of theCOnvention concerning straits usedforinternational navigation donotaffect thelegalregimeofstraits whichareregUlated by"long-standing international conventions inforcespecifically relating tosuchstraits" (art.35(c).Inthis connection, thegeneral ruleembodied inarticle 311,paragraph 3,should beborne inmind. Thisprovision states, interalia,thatStatesparties mayconclude bilateral ormultilateral agreements modifying orsuspending provisions ofthe Convention ontheLawoftheSeaprovided thatsuchagreements arecompatible with theConvention andthattheydonotaffecttherights andobligations ofother Statesparties undertheConvention. Long-standing international conventions remainoutside theregimeestablished intheConvention forstraits usedfor international navigation. Examples aretheConvention concerning theregimeofthe straits, signedatMontreux in1936,whichregulated transit andnavigation inthe
**Analysis**
The text discusses the legal regime of straits used for international navigation, including the rights and obligations of States bordering these straits, and the impact of the extension of the territorial sea to 12 miles. It also mentions the concept of transit passage and the duties that ships and aircraft exercising this right must observe.

**Category**
Transport and communication, International trade