(Sir Geo~frey Bowe,UnitedKingdcJI) Theagendaofinternational problems islongl!ndcomplicated. Butifweare totaketherightmeasures, weneedtohavetherightmechanisms. Onthefortieth anniversary oftheunitedNations, weshoulduhdoubtedly lookagainatthewayin whichthisOrganization works:tolearnfromitsfailures andtobuildonits successes. TherearemanywaysinwhichthisOrganization canbeiJIIproved. WeIIlUstget bettervalueformoneythroughout theunitedNaticoB system. tiemustlookformore effective co-ordination. Wemstprevent politi(;ization ofthetechnical bodies. Wemusttrytostreamline andmakemorerelevant theworkofth~political organs. Manysensible andpractical suggestions havebeenmade. Ithinkinparticular of therecentproposals putforward bypastPresidents oftheAssembly onhowthis bodycanbemoreeffective. Butwemustactonthem. Ihavetodayconcentrated onthechallenges thatstillremainafterthe efforts of40yearsandonthedangers ofcomplacency andinaction. ButIam heartened bytheevidence Iseeofamorepractical andpragmatic approach to co-operation between ourpeoples. TheGen~ral Assembly playedapartwithits economic declaration oflastyear.Thisyear's hu~nBUffering inEthiopia has prompted encouraging examples ofinte~national co-operation: ~ritish andSoviet aircraft workedsidebyside~unitedNations andvolunta~y agencies pooledtheir efforts. Moststrikin; ofallwasta'iewvingi:eDpDfise ofouryoungpeople. TheLive Aidconcerts touched theheartsofmillions ofyoungmenandwomenaroundtheworld. Theirreaction showedthatidealism andenergycanriseabovethebarriers thatdivideus.Itshowed, too,thevigouroffreesocieties, whereindividual initiative canstillsetastandard forGovernments tomatchandcanremindusof therealbrotherhood ofman. IIISrc/l7 (SirGeoffrey H~e,unitedKingdom) Wewhoholdtherespcnsiblity ofpolitical leadership havetoshowthatweare capableofrisingtothatchallenge. Hr.MALMIERCA PEOL!(Cuba)(interpretation fromSpanish): Fortyyears ago,ontheruinsofNazifascislD andoftheinfamous andignominious -Neworder- thatHitler's hordestriedtoimposeonmankind, thepeoples oftheUnited.Nations foundedthisOrganization -determined tosavesucceeding generations fraathe scourge ofwar-,toreaffirm theirfaithintheundyin~ valuesofIllanandmankind andintheequalrightsofnations largeandsmall,toestablish conditions under whichjustice andequitycouldbemaintained and-topromote socialprogress ar.d betterstandards oflifeinlargerfreedom-. NOW,fourdecades afterthatgreatVictory, aswegatheronceagaintotake stock,thesignsarecloudyinregardtotheinternational situation. Withdeepconcern, wenotethecontinued worsening oftheworldpolitical and economic situation owingtothepersistence ofseriouscrisesandtensions in international relations, totheobstacles setupagainst thepeoples' legitimate aspirations toemancipation andindependent development without foreign interference orintervention, tothespiralling growthofthearmsraceresulting fromtheinsaneimperialist policyofseeking animpossible military supremacy so astodecidethefateoftheworldfrompositions ofstrength, andtotheatteq>ts atextending thisracetoouterspace. TodaymorethaneVerbefOre, tileti'ii:eatofiiuclear exterminaticn ~~i;h=en mankind. Thepolicies ofimperialism arecharacterized bytheuseorthreatofuse offorce,intervention, destabilization, aggression, economic andpolitical , coercion, hegemony andoppression, whilethecrisisoftheworldcapitalist Systelll, whichisgrowing everdeeper,brutally affects thedeveloping countriesand endangers theirindependence, sovereignty andterritorial integrity, making eecnem!e de~elcpment Virtually impossible forthem.Theoverwbe1Jlling foreign debtoftheso-called third-world countries -an explosive phenoaenon withanunquestionable political dimension -isatragicnoteSK/l7 A/40/PV.9 68 (Hr.Malllierca Peoli,Cuba)- inthesombrepanorama ofthecurrent international situation. Theeconomic crisisisbecoming evident intheunceasingly Widening gap between thedeveloped andthedeveloping countries, manyofwhichcannotevenmeet theirPeOple's basicneedsoressential development requirements. Farfromimproving theterlllSoftradeandoverComing theunjuststructures of anobsolete international economic order,inequality isincreasing, highlighting theasymlletry inrelations l'-etween thetwogroupsofcountries -anasymmetry which leadstotheevergrNlt.::'t enrichment ofthecapitalist countries attheexpense of thedecapitalization andimpoverishment ofthird-world nations. Theseriousness ofthepresent situation andtheconsequences thatwould resultfromanuclear conflagration show-ifproofisneeded-thatthereisno viableoptionforthesurvival ofthehumanraceotherthanthepolicyofpeaceful coexistence between stateswithdifferent economic, social andpolitical systems,
**Analysis**
The text discusses the challenges and dangers facing the international community, including the persistence of serious crises and tensions, the widening gap between developed and developing countries, and the threat of nuclear war. The author emphasizes the need for peaceful coexistence and cooperation between states with different economic, social, and political systems. The text also highlights the importance of learning from the failures and successes of the United Nations and improving its mechanisms to achieve its goals.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade, Humanitarian aid and relief