treatment as between all persons settled in the United Kingdom who wished to bring their family into the country, and the 1988 Act was enacted accordingly; (e) A further amendment to the Immigration Rules in July 1989 has extended to women of foreign nationality working in the United Kingdom the right, already available to their male counterparts, to be joined by their spouse and children (subject to satisfying certain requirements). 56. A small number of discriminatory provisions remain. Some discriminate in favour of men and others in favour of women. In each case the justification for the provision is that removing the discrimination would either unduly weaken the immigration control or needlessly penalize those who currently benefit. The discriminatory provisions are as follows: (a) Male students from abroad, but not female students, can be joined by their spouse and children; CCPR/C/58/Add.6 page 13 (b) Under section 5 of the 1971 Act, wives of deportees are liable to be deported, but there is no comparable power to deport husbands of deportees; (c) The Immigration Rules make special provision for the admission of female "au pairs" and of dependent unmarried daughters aged 18-20. There is no comparable provision for males in these categories; (d) The Rules make provision for the admission of widowed mothers, but of widower fathers only if aged 65 or over. Article 4 57. The second periodic report noted that the United Kingdom's derogations from various articles of the Covenant had been withdrawn on 22 August 1984. Since then, as a result of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights of 29 November 1988 in the case of Brogan and Others, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 23 December 1988 that, in accordance with article 4, 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing immigration policies and regulations in the United Kingdom, specifically with regards to family reunification and the treatment of foreigners. It seems to be examining the fairness and consistency of these policies, highlighting some discriminatory provisions that remain in place.

**Category**
Employment, Humanitarian aid and relief