As can be expected however, In 'any pluralistic model, a number of gaps were created. For example: a) The Ministry of Industries, genuinely wished to engage In sophisticated manufacturing processes but had no 118' mechanism to assess the local scientific and technological manpower capability. b) Each sector competed strongly for comfortable shares of the scarce financial resources and within the sector• various science and technology activities were exposed to strong competition for the meagre resources. with cap I tal Investments, operational and serv lee requirements ·1n the same sector. In an economic system that Is financially balanced, such a plural lstlc approach may stll I achieve desirable results. However In the Developing Countries which are plagued with chronic shortages Including capital, non-conventional forces tend to dictate the direction of flow of goods and services. The· management of the state machinery Is personal lzed and directed more by political Influences than by scientific plans. In Ghana, these forces Included political parties. parliamentary personalities, top officials as wei I as the effect of culture conflicts existing between scientists and non-scientifiC administrators. For an example, In the early stages of Independence. the President of the .Republ lc of Ghana being personally convinced of the need to create Science and Technology Infrastructure to give effective support ·to Industrialization, personally Influenced anumber of state decisions In favour of such development. For example, scholarships were offered preferentially to science students In the area of education and alI the research Institutes were guaranteed enough funds to enable them to carry on. Some scientific associations were even promoted through the allocation of state grants. All these were Intended to create a good cl!mate and generate the required activity for rapid development. Even at the lower levels of autborlty, the management of national development plans was greatly Influenced by political 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the challenges of implementing a pluralistic approach to science and technology development in a developing country, specifically Ghana. It highlights the limitations and constraints faced by the Ministry of Industries in engaging in sophisticated manufacturing processes due to lack of resources and competition for funding. The text also touches on the influence of political forces on the direction of development, including the personal influence of the President on state decisions. This suggests that the text is primarily focused on the relationship between science, technology, and economic development.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology