cently, Mauritania and Senegal. De- spire a noticeable slow-down in donor response to emergency appeals, UNlCEF launched renewed appeals for Angola, Ethiopia and Mozambique. The Executive Director approved allo- cations from the Emergency Reserve Fund for Benin, Ethiopia, Mauritania and Senegal. In all. UNICEF provided emergency assistance to 16 African countries. The third edition of Children on the Front Line, with an additional chapter on Namibia, was launched simulta- neously in Harare and London in April 1989, and shows that children in southern Africa continue to be severe- ly affected by war and destabilization. Recurring droughts, floods and epidemics, underlined by violence and war, brought about the movement of hundreds of thousands of people within countries and across borders between Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe, generating one of the biggest refugee and retur- nee problems in the world. The situation in Ethiopia is critical in the northern regions, especially in Eritrea and Tigren where the impact of drought and population displacement is estimated to be more severe than in 1984-85. The failure of the 1989 har- vest and die widening factional hos- tilities have gravely affected over two million people. Aside from the drought besieging the northern re- gions, international refugees continue in western Ethiopia (350,000 Sudan- ese) and in eastern Ethiopia (300.000 Somali). The north-west region of Somalia remains inaccessible, hampering emergency assistance and limiting op- erations to relief and rehabilitation activities. UNICEF is trying, however, to continue its development pro- gramme in accessible areas. The conflict between Senegal and Mauritania has left a total of 300,000 people displaced, with serious social and economic repercussions for both countries. About 25 per cent of all refugees in the world are in Africa, and, in addi- tion, 10 million people have been internally displaced by drought and
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on humanitarian crises, displacement, and emergency assistance in various African countries, highlighting the impact of war, drought, and other disasters on vulnerable populations, particularly children. It also touches on the efforts of UNICEF in providing emergency assistance and continuing development programs.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Health