characterized by their deep understanding of the economic and productive aspects of R and 0 and Innovations. Some of them, such as Wuxl, Xlangfan, etc. have Increased their Industrial production by a large margin, of which 60 to 40 percent Is due to technical advances and development efforts. Xlangfan used to be a city without any Industry before 1949. Its Industrial development was very low during the sixties. mainly small scale manufacturing of low level products. Over the last few years, however, with top priority given to science and technology and development research, It has emerged as one of the more Industrialized city In China, producing many high technology Items, over a hundred of which are •xported to more than 20 countries In the world. The Industrial output In 1981 reached beyond one bll lion yuan, ten times over 1970. with per capita Income around 1,000 yuan, twice as much as the national average. (10) Resea~ch on "Soft Sciences•, such as science policy, development forecast, and management, has been strengthened. At the same time, many research Institutes, both at the national and local levels, have been established In the field of policy and management of sc fence and technolo9Y• ·Fo'r example, ChIna National Research Center for Science and Technology for O$velopmentwas set up two years ago under the State Science and Technology Commis­ sion undertakes research In pol Icy and operations and formuJates policies In general as well as for specific technical areas. Over the last few years, thousands of experts were mobilized by the center to propose technical policies for priority economic deve­ lopment areas, such as energy, agriculture, transportation and communication. China has also sponsored a number of International conferences and symposiums such as the BeiJing International Conference on Science Polley and Research Management held In 1982 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the rapid industrial development of certain cities in China, particularly Xlangfan, which has transformed from a city without industry to one of the most industrialized cities in China. The text highlights the role of science and technology in driving this development, as well as the establishment of research institutes and international conferences to promote policy and management in these areas. The text also mentions the increase in industrial output and per capita income in these cities.

**Category**
Economic development, Industry, Science and technology