account deficits which cannot be financed cannot materialize. It is the financial restrictions, therefore, which are binding, which put at the centre of the discussion the question of the resource flows for development. 3. Resource flows for development 98. In 1983, the last year for which complete information is available, financial flows to developing countries from all sources reached $110.3 billion, down from $138.4 billion in 1981. Concessional flows represented $35.9 billion, down from $39.3 billion in 1981, and non-concessional flows $74.4 billion, down from $99.1 in -20- 1981. The breakdown of those figures is presented in table 1 below. It should be emphasize that the flows in 1983 included no net flow for China, only a negligible amount for India and were far below what was required for Africa. 99. While ODA declined by $3.4 billion, the decline in commercial bank lending, foreign direct investment and export credits has been even more impressive. Bank lending declined from $52.5 billion to $34 billion in 1983 (including involuntary lending associated with the reschedulings of IMF-major banks). Preliminary estimates show that new commercial bank lending to developing countries declined further to $14 billion in 1984, a figure consistent with earlier reports of the Bank for International Settlements indicating that new bank lending to developing countries in the first three quarters of 1984 had reached only $10 billion. 100. Foreign direct investment declined from $17.2 billion in 1981 to $7.8 billion in 1983. On average, in the 1981-1983 period, foreign direct investment represented 10 per cent of total flows to developing countries. Preliminary estimates show that, in 1984, it represented less than 9 per cent of a reduced total. 101. Net export credits declined from $13 billion in 1981 to $7.6 in 1983. On 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the flow of resources to developing countries, including financial flows, concessional and non-concessional flows, and the decline in various types of lending and investment. It highlights the importance of these flows for development and the fact that the flows in 1983 were below what was required for certain regions, such as Africa. The text does not mention natural resources, environment, agriculture, forestry, fishing, health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, or culture. It also does not discuss science and technology in a specific context. Given the focus on financial flows and their implications for development, I hypothesize that the text is most closely related to economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade