nuclear attack by themselves going nuclear and vhat effect such a nove would have on their national security. i silnificant number of non'*nuclear-weapon States ttave adequate inaustriai "and tecfriofogical- infrastructures to develop fisslon r{eapons. A few \"/ou}d a1so have the technological capability ' with time' to constructanucleartorcecornparabletothatofrnedilrm-levelnuc]-earPovers. There are therefare two-frincipa:- levels of capability to be considered .. the capabil-ity to deter attack (nucles'r or conventional) by a nuclear*veapon state and the capability to deter tirit"rv ttrreats posed by the conventional militarv forces of a non-nucfear- veapon State' 3Tl+. Any State r'rhich $ished to acquire a capabil-ity to d'eter a nuclear attack b:,' ' a nuclear-1,reapon State would need to acquire a system which was. capable of inflicting significant a":rttg" ott the nuclear-weapon State and which rqas not vu-l-nerable to pre-enptiit "iia,"rt' This capabilily woula correspond to that of a rned.ium*level .ru"1.u.r-tetf,o;-il;;", as disci'ssed above' A naJor part of the cost of sucb a system r'rould r'esult from the effort to ensure its survival of an attack and its effectiveness *;r;i the defences deployed by a nuclear-weapon state' this cost could be or siffi'cient magnitude to dilsuade even vealthy States from the nuclear oPtion. / ...A/ 35 / 392 English Annex Page 121 375, Japan is sometirnes ":l:+ "" an example of a State for \.,,hich acquisition of a mediur-fevel nuclear capabilit;r. nig;nt na;e-ueJn technically and econonicalfy feaslbfe' rn addition to the verv,sa"o"e -o"iii" sentinent against ;;;i."" lreapons both on noral and pslrchological grorrrra", -ai. ".ru"y ol.,"n to the national experiences of r-945' there are other 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the possibility of non-nuclear weapon states acquiring nuclear capabilities and the implications for their national security. The focus is on the technical, economic, and psychological aspects of acquiring and maintaining a nuclear deterrent. The text mentions the cost of developing and maintaining such a capability, which suggests that economic factors are relevant.

**Category**
Science and technology, International relations