364. The rngos Plan of Action calls for indusEriarization based on the processingof domestic rair mat.eriars and che producti.on of rnost manufactured goods that arenow imported (i.e., inport substitution). This eould be achieved by the expansionof the domestic market through African integration schemes. development andadoption of new technologies more appropriate for the local availability of inputs,adoption of factor prices that adeguately reflect relative input scarcities,avoidance of excessively capita r-intens ive and otherwise wastefur projeccs,provision of more technical training and substantial improvement of transportationand communications anong African countries. rn the field of energy, the plan ofAction calls for the expansion of petroleum exploration with the resulting increasein production going to meet petroleum needs in Africa. rn addition, Africa is tostrive to increase hydroelectric power and coal and.natural gas production to furlysatisfy African needs. The pran of Action calls for the adoption of more r'ealisticexchange rate6' greater access for African products to the developed countrieslmarkets, and an increase in foreign aid to O.? per cent. of cNP of the developedcountries and for an additional 0,15 per cent earmarked for aid to the leascdeveloped countries. However, African countries are to rely nalnly on theexpansion of domestic production and intra-African trade to close their externsLtrade gaps. 365. According to the projections by the ECA based on the Ingos plan of Actton,Africa shourd be able to reduce unenployment in its forrnar wage sector from theestimated 45 million workers in the year z00g under the scenario based on presenttrends to 27 million or about 15 per cent of its wage labour force. The r,agos planof Aclion arso calls for Africa to satisfy all of its demand for fertirizers andcement by domestic production by the year 2OOg, g0 per cent of its demand forpharmaceuticals and textlles, and 3l per cent of its demahd for steel. 366. rhe growth projected for Africa by EcA, baseal on tbe Lagos plan of Action, ismuch nore optimistic than the high-growth scenarios of the worrd Bank, LrNK and theDepartment of rnternational Economic and social Affairs. EcA berieves that thegrovtth strategy of the past, based on primary exports and reliance on foreigncapital, has failed. Thus, ECA is strongly advocating the very bold plan summarized above as providing the only hope for avoiding the gloomy prospects of acontinuation of historicat trenda. whether this plan ls impliment-d anal its aimsachieved depend, of course, on the will and the determination of the Afrrcannations themselves, on whether they can achieve the necessary unity of purpose andco-operation. on their ability to mobilize the vast resources requlred, onA/40 /519 Engli sh Page 184 lncreased capital flows from developing countries and greater accessiblllty for Afrlcan products to the developed countriesr r0arkets, and on the absence of droughtr other natural disasbers, wars, and political disturbances,
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the plan of action for African economic development, focusing on industrialization, trade, and employment. It also touches on energy, transportation, and international cooperation. The language used is technical and policy-oriented, indicating that the text is likely a report or document from an international organization or government agency.

**Category**
Economic development, Industry, International trade, Employment