development andformulation ofguidelines fortaxtreatment ofbranch and -12-subsidiary profits, international leasing ofships,containers, commercial equipment, aircraft leasing, andtransfer pricing questions. Research willbe undertaken onproblems arising inconnection withtheutilization oftheUnited Nations ModelDoubleTaxation Convention between Developed andDeveloping Countries. 12.52 Research willalsobecarried outtodetermine theappropriate taxreforms thatareneeded toimprove taxsystems, tobroaden thetaxbaseandtoimprove the taxation ofeconomic activities, inclUding agriculture, manufacturing andservices, tominimize taxcompliance costsandtopromote al10cative efficiency andgrowth. 12.53Policy-oriented research willalsobeundertaken tosupport theefforts of Statesinencouraging indigenous entrepreneurs. Inthisarea,theresearch will address national policies inareassuchasregulatory environment, taxpolicies and financial sector development topromote indigenous entrepreneurship. Consideration willalsobegiventosupport international technical co-operation inthisfield. Factors oftheinternational environment thataffectenterprises indeveloping countries willbeinvestigated. SUBPROGRAMME 5.DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES ANDEARLYIDENTIFICATION OFEMERGING ISSUES (a)Objectives 12.54 Thelegislative authority forsubprogramme 5derives fromGeneral Assembly resolutions 40/207, 43/194 and43/196; andEconomic andSocialCouncil resolutions 1035(XXXVII), 1079(XXXIX), 1965(LI),1988/75, and1989/85. 12.55Authoritative andcomprehensive monitoring oftheprogress ofworld development andanalyses ofboththemedium- andlong-term prospects fortheworld economy arerequired inordertoassistintergovernmental bodies andMemberStates intheirefforts toidentify potential problem areasandemerging issuesinthe worldeconomy. Theorganization ofalargevolumeofinformation andofa continuously evolving andimproving methodology foritsanalysis istherefore required, particularly sincenewissuesarelikelytoemergeinaperiodofrapid political, institutional andsocial changeinvirtually allregions oftheworld. Long-term trendsineconomic andsocial development attheglobal, regional and national levels needtobestudied inasystematic andquantitative mannerbymeans ofeconometric, input-output modelling andothertechniques inordertoprovide up-to-date analyses ofemerging issuesofconcern totheinternational community, asoneofmeansforassisting Governments inmonitoring theimplementation ofthe international development strategy forthe1990s. Policymodelling, projections andperspectives arealsoessential forstudies undertaken underother subprograrnrnes, aswellasfortheoverall planning offutureactivities bothinthe United Nations andinthespecialized agencies. 12.56 Theobjectives ofthesubprograrnrne are(a)tostrengthen thecapabilities of intergovernmental bodies andMemberStatesfortheearlyidentification ofemerging problems intheworldeconomy byimproving existing mechanisms andmeansfor providing socio-economic dataandforecasts available intheUnitedNations ina comprehensive andreadily accessible form;(b)toincrease awareness atthe national andinternational policy-making levelsofmajordevelopment issues and problems withup-tO-date assessments ofperspectives andalternative scenarios with aviewtoencouraging MemberStatestoimprove theirownanalytical workand forecasting activities; and(c)tofurther develop linksandincrease theflowof -13-subsidiary profits, international leasing ofships,containers, commercial equipment, aircraft leasing, andtransfer pricing questions. Research willbe undertaken onproblems arising inconnection withtheutilization oftheUnited Nations ModelDoubleTaxation Convention between Developed andDeveloping Countries. 12.52 Research willalsobecarried outtodetermine theappropriate taxreforms thatareneeded toimprove taxsystems, tobroaden thetaxbaseandtoimprove the
**Analysis**
The text appears to focus on economic development, with a specific emphasis on taxation, international trade, and policy-oriented research. The language used suggests a concern with global economic trends, development strategies, and the implementation of international agreements. The objectives of the subprogramme also highlight the need for monitoring and analysis of emerging issues in the world economy, which further supports the categorization.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade