105.TOtalUNHCRexpenditure in1984amounted to$458.6million, asshownintable1ofannex11.Ofthattotal,voluntary fundsexpenditure represented$444.1million, including $346million underGeneral Programmes and$98.1millionunderSpecial Programmes. Voluntary fundsexpenditure hasthusincreased byapproximately 10percentbetween 1983and1984,reflecting additional refugeeaSl3istance requirements, particularly inAfricaandtheAmericas. 106.Thefollowing paragraphs provide asummary ofthemajorareasofassistance aswellasanoverview ofmajordevelopments ineachofthegeographical areascoveredbythefourUNHCRregional bureaux. Detailed information onthelevelsofexpenditure foreachcountry orarea progra~me isgivenintables1and2ofannex11. B.Majortrendsinassistance 1.Emergency response 107.Emergencies requiring quickaction mayresultfromnewinfluxes intoacountryofasylumorfromadeterioration ofinternal conditions affecting .existing refugeesituations. TheHighCommissioner hastheauthority torespond torequests foremergency assistance andcanallocate upto$10million annually fromhisEmergencyFundforneedsarising insuchcases,provided thattheamountmadeavailable forasingleemergency doesnotexceed$4million. ~ -22-~l or s t f as ed ry ee a108.In1984,$9,760,787 wereobligated fromtheEmergency Fund,asshownin table4ofannexII.Asignificant partofthesefundswasusedinAfrica. An amountof$2.4million wasusedtofinance assistance toEthiopians arriving in eastern Sudanwhile$3.1million wereallocated forrefugees fromChadinthe Central African Republic. Mozambican refugees inSwaziland andZimbabwe and Angolan refugees inZaire(Shabaregion) andinZambiaalsobenefited from. allocations fromtheEmergency Fund.Inotherregions, $940,000 wereallocated to assistrefugees fromIrianJaya(Indonesia) inPapuaNewGuineawhilesmaller amounts wereutilized toassistneedydisplaced Lebanese inCyprus, SpainandSyria aswellaswithinLebanonitself. 109.UNHCRcontinued toimproveitscapability inthevitalareaofemergency response. Inparticular, aseriesofprofiles oncountries receiving largenumbers ofrefugees waslaunched. Theseprofiles provide basicdatatofacilitate planning andrapidaction. TheSpanish-language version oftheHandbook forEmergencies was finalized andwidelydistributed. DemandfortheEnglish andFrenchlanguage versions hasremained highandsome3,000copiesfordistribution outside UNHCRhad beenordered bytheendoftheyear.Atotalof119UNHCR/WHO HealthKits, 30FieldKitsand26OfficeKitsweredistributed. ANutrition Kitwasaddedto thespecialized emergency equipment available tostaffmembers andoperational partners. 2.Careandmaintenance 110.Political, physical, environmental orsocio-economic factors oftenpreclude therapididentification orimplementation ofdurable solutions ormeasures which wouldmakerefugees self-sufficient withinashorttime.Undersuchcircumstances, andattherequest ofthehostGovernment, UNHCRprovides intermediate assistance intheformofcareandmaintenance. Thismayinclude theprovision offood, shelter, water,healthservices andsanitation, clothing, household' utensils and equipment, andprimary education. Whenever feasible, careandmaintenance programmes alsoinclude vocational training orincome-generating activities that prepare refugees foramoreproductive lifeandpromote acertain degreeof self-reliance incampsorrefugee villages. -Ill.In1984,intermediate careandmaintenance assistance amounted to approximately 59percentoftotalUNHCRGeneral Programmes expenditures as compared to65.3percentin1983,confirming thedeclining relative importance of thistypeofassistance. Thelargest singlecareandmaintenance programme continued tobetheassistance programme forAfghanrefugees inPakistan, forwhich $59.2million wereobligated underthe1984General Programmes. Anincreasing proportion ofthisamountisdevoted toincome-generating andother self-sufficiency measures. 112.Anamountof$48.3million wasobligated in1984underGeneral Programmes for Indo-Chinese refugees inEastandSouth-East Asiaofwhich$24.3million werefor thecareandmaintenance ofrefugees inThailand pending theidentification ofa moredurable solution (which,inmostcases,wasresettlement inacountry outside \theregion). 113.InSomalia, atotalof$22.7million wasallocated forintermediate careand maintenance ofEthiopian refugees during1984.Theshiftofactivities inSomalia andparticularly intheSudantowards localintegration programmes washampered in thelatterpartof1984bylargeinfluxes ofpersons ofconcern toUNHCRforwhom, emergency assistance wasrequired (seepara.7above). -23-to ria ,ers ing was had
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the financial expenditure of the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) in 1984, focusing on the emergency response and care and maintenance programs for refugees. The language used is formal and technical, indicating a focus on international humanitarian aid and relief efforts.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief