outer space, etc. S&T RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Institutions conducting raseorch and deyelopment Most research and development are performed In the government agencies and universities. Among the government departments and Institutions those of the recently founded MOSIE are the most Important In the Infrastructure. The main organizations are the Thailand Institute of Science and Technology Research and the Department of Science Service. The work allocated to this Ministry Is mainly of general nature, while specific work In agriculture, Industry, health and education Is done separately by the relevant departments In various ministries and universities. At present, promotion and financing of R&D are mainly done by the Implementing Institutions themselves. Therefore, the number of Institutions having facilities for conducting S&T research and the proportion of S&T being carried out In universities. specialized research Institutions, private and public productive enterprises are not accurately known. There are few data at present on the role played by the private sector In doing .and supporting research and development. But It Is expected that by 1986, Government:Prlvate Investment ratio for R&D will be 70:30. Problems In strengthening R&D The problems In strengthening R&D are the shortage of budget, manpower, coordination and equipment In laboratories. Unlike other activities. S&T activity, especially R&D, cannot be accurately predicted In terms of major results to be achieved per unit Input. However, past achievements do give a trend to future productivity per unit Input of an Institution. Planning and budgeting for S&T In Thailand still does not take this special characteristic fully to account. Hence, budget for an Institution would be typically based on budget In prev lous years Irrespectively of the amount of output of Innovative values. A mechanism Is still lacking whereby the output from S&T activity can be objectively evaluated In terms of Innovative values. This 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the state of science and technology (S&T) research and development in Thailand, including the institutions involved, the challenges faced, and the need for improvement. The focus on S&T and the mention of specific government agencies and universities suggest that the text is primarily concerned with the development of scientific knowledge and its applications, rather than other areas such as economic development or natural resources.

**Category**
Science and technology