A large scope of work Is envisaged In the programs for raising the biological value of the fooas and expanding their ~ssortment, complex utilization of raw materiels and a reduction of I osses. SandT programs have been elaborated and are being realized for Improving construction, developing new types of transport and communication. raising the technlco-economlc level of production and manufactured goods In the major branches of the national economy. A considerable number of S and T programs deals with social problems. Programs are realized In the sphere of public health with the elaboration of efficient methods and means of prophylaxes, diagnosis and treating mal lgnant tumors. leukosis• diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, primary diseases of the mother and Infant. new methods of restorative surgery and transplantation. The· programs envisage the elaboration of new methods In the sphere of environment protection to prevent 307 pollution of the atmosphere wlfh Industrial waste. as well as water reservoirs, effective methods and means of processing sol ld waste. Procedures The drafts of the al 1-Unlon programs to be Included In the state five-year plan are elaborated by ministries and scientific­ research organizations, which are responsible for the respective programs. They analyze the accomplI shed scientific research and developments, determine the most efficient scientific-technical achievements that can be uti I !zed for the fastest and most wide­ scale appl !cation of the new technologies, equipment, articles, materials, providing a sharp raise of labour productivity and product qual lty, an economy of all types of resources. A program Is elaborated for the entire period required for attaining the final alms, with Indication of the beginning of mastering the production of the new product and the Introduction of advanced technology. The new types of products and 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the development of various sectors in a country, with a focus on science and technology, as well as its applications in different areas such as health, industry, and environment. The language used is formal and technical, suggesting that the text is likely related to a national or government plan.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology, Health