tion sets out unitary as well as federal mechanisms in which legislative, executive and judicial powers are distributed among the Union, States and Union territ ­ ories (details of the Union territories and States are given in annex I2). The powers of the Union extend to all over India while that of the States and Union territ ­ ories are exercisable in their respective territories. Each of these units has a legislature (Parliament in case of Unions; Assemblies and Councils in States and Union territories) elected by the people, and executive respon ­ sible to the legislature represented by the majority party, and an independent judiciary. 2. Legal embodiment of rights 6. Many of the human rights and freedoms in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, are guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. These are treated as fundamental rights, directive prin­ ciples of State policy and constitutional rights. Recog ­ nition of the human dignity of the individual is elevated to the status of the fundamental rights. The Constitution of India guarantees the fundamental rights of equality before law, prohibition of discrimination, equality of opportunity, freedom of speech, protection of personal liberty and life, right against exploitation, prohibition of forced labour among others. The fundamental rights are guaranteed in part III of the Constitution, consisting of articles 12 to 35. A very wide definition to the ex­ pression “State ” has been given by article 22. Any law inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights is void to the extent of inconsistency (art. 13). 7. Certain substantive and procedural aspects of some of those rights particularly concerning criminal proceedings are embodied in the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. These matters concerning freedom to marry and protection to 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the constitutional framework of India, specifically the distribution of powers among the Union, States, and Union territories, as well as the guarantee of human rights and freedoms. The focus is on the legal and institutional mechanisms that protect individual rights, rather than any specific sector or area of activity.

**Category**
Education, Humanitarian aid and relief