Unconventional trade also entails paying a premium for imports and selling exports at a discount. The Commonwealth report on sanctions points out that, while the oil embargo failed to cut off South Africa’s supplies of oil, it neverthelece succeeded in imposing en ‘a~?a&h& tax’ on each litre of fuel used by South Africans. The costs of sanctions have forced the regime to invest in accumulating ‘strategic’ stockpiles. From January-April 1986, for instance, A2.6 million went to pay for ‘unclassified iiPports’. This is a further drain on the financial resources of the economy. 4. m 47. The South African Government has turned to structural adjustment as a longer-term measure to liberate domestic resources for debt repayment. That is, it has sought a growth path that would not make demauds on the cormtry’s scarce capital resources, and on imports. Meaoures include deregulation of the formal sector (as part of a broader strategy of ‘inward industrialisation’). import substitution and privatisation of public enterpriees and corporations, including parts of public utilitlee. 48. A strong lobby among economists and politicians in South Africa has argued that sanctions will help South Africa become more self-sufficient through import-subetitution and inward industrialisation. Domestic markets are too small to sustain growth, however. Efforts by South Africa in the pact decade to become self-sufficient have not decreased the country’s dependence on imports. South Africa’s industry demands high technology inputs that cannot be produced domestically, and a highly skilled labour force, which ie limited by m. 49. South Africa has nona the less invested heavily iu the domestic production of ‘strategic’ items euch as synthetic fuel, armamentst computers, chemicals and automobilea, all of which are heavily dependent on imports. Small domestic markets and epanding on costly imports of capital and intermediate goods have made these projects highly cost-inefficient. Massive 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the economic impact of sanctions on South Africa, including the effects on trade, industry, and development. It highlights the country's dependence on imports and the challenges of becoming self-sufficient. The text also touches on the government's efforts to achieve economic growth through structural adjustment and import substitution.

**Category**
International trade, Industry