co-ordinator oftheNatalYouthCongress, Christy Ntuli, bformerdetainee, was stabbed todeathinApril1989,afterreporting tothepolicestation inaccordance withhisrestriction orderlanduni~entified assassins killed for~4rdetainee EricGumedeathishomeon16August 1989,afewdaysafterhisrelease from detention. HI 38.Bansandrestrictions disrupted theactivitieD ofpolitical, student/youth and civicorganizations. InAugust 1989,authorities banned aseriesofrallies that hadbeenorganized atpartoftheongoing Defiance Campaign. Attherallies, 8nti-.a~e.iJ:l organizations andactivists hadplanned toresumeopel'ating "openly andwithout theshackles ofunjustrestrictions". However, thebannj~~' didnot succeed inpreventing anti-,~~g activists fromcarrying outotl.protest actions. In1988,Pretoria banned 32anti-~.a[tbeid organizations an""two far-right organizations. Inaddition, restrictions imposed onCOSATUlimitedits activities tothework-place andnarrowly toworkers' issues. Attempting to prevent popular mobilization fortheanti-~theig co~ferenCA inSeptember 1988, authorities placedrpstrictions forperiods ofless th~ntwoweekscnleaders crucial totheorganizetion oftheconf~ronce. Some~: therestriction orderswent sofarastoeX~licitly prohibit themfromcalling foraboycott of~he 26Oct.ober 19f18municipal elections.lilRepression increas'3d duringthebuild-up ·11tot.hemunicipal elections, whichwerepreceded by10daytof"priorvoting", duringwhichalargepercentage ofthetotalnumberofvot~swascast.Regulations thenpromulgated enabled theMinister ofLawandOrdertoplaceactivists under housearrestorunderrestrictions simI~Ybypublishing anoticeintheOfficial Gozette. Theregulations wereaimedinparticular atsilencing individuals "onthe fun"whocouldnotbetracedbypolice. 39.Inareport.concerning repression duringtheb~ild-up totheelections, the HumanRightsCommission documented numerous incidents ofdetentions, restrictions onindividuals andofganizations, assdulta onactivists, assassinations, attacks on thepremises ofapartheid opposition organizations, prosftcutions, disinf.ormation, thecoercion ofvoters andthebanning ofmeetings andpublications. Theobjective ofthisintense repression wastoprevent theboycott oftheelections andtoallow theelection of"moderates" acceptable totheregimo.ill 6.rorced PQP~tion remOVAls 40.Pretoria continued theprocess ofhomeland consolidation, akeystone ofits policyofcreating "independent homelandG". beeking todeprive blacksoftheir birthright toSouthAfrican citizenship, authoriti~~ usedthecoarts and extra-legal methods toremoveblacksfOl'cibly from"white" areasintoareasthat. aretobeincorporated intothe"homelands". OfficialS I!\Ssertthat.theremovals arenowvoluntary. Infact,undertheemergency, th~yusemoresubtlebutnoless forceful methods toremovepopulation.. Forinstance, authorities refuseto provide services, suchaswater,toareasunderthreatofremoval, while,ntth~ sametime,theyprovide resources -ofteninadequate -totheproposed settlement areas. 41.TheNational Committee against Removals estimates thatatpresent over 3million peoplearethreatened with evi~tions andremovals, including: (8)more than1million ofthe4million squatte~g wholivearoundJohannesburg, CapeTown, DurbanandPortElizabethl (b)about1million labourers andtenants livingon farms,mainlyintheOrangeFreeStateandNatal;(c)morethanhalfamillion peoplelivinginruraltownships thatcouldbeincorpo~ated intonominally "independent homelands"; and(d)largenumbers ofindividuals \/hocouldbeevicted from"grayareas"orurbanareaswherebothblacks andwhites nowreside. 42.InFebruary 1984,anestimated 4,000 peopl~wereremoved forcibly fromMogopa, thevillage inwhichtheyhadlivedformorethan70years.lilThevillage isnow threatened withfurther removals. Reflecting international concern, illajoint demarcha inApril1989,the12EECmemberStatesdelivRred totheauthorities a formalprotest against theproposed removal oftheMogoparesidents. 43.Another method followed bytheregimeistheincorporation ofrural communities intothe"homelands" simplybyredrawing theboul1daries ofthe "homela~lds". InApril1989theAlteration ofBoundbries ofSelf-Governing Territories BillwastabledinParliament, givingtheauthorities widepower"sto alterbyproclamation theborders of"non-independent homel<.mds". ThemeaGUrR Js
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the political and social context of South Africa during the late 1980s, focusing on the repression of anti-apartheid activists, the forced removals of black people from their homes, and the consolidation of the apartheid regime's power. While there are some mentions of specific events and locations, the text does not provide information on economic development, natural resources, or environmental issues.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Education