policies have also been the cause of substantial flows of politi­ cal refugees across boundaries. Economically motivated redistribution policies include expulsion and repatriation, which have been resorted to in the interest of indigenization. Al­ though these policies have produced considerable population redistribution effects in the States concerned, there is no con­ clusive evidence as to the extent to which they have succeeded in curing the economic ills. 24. Policies aimed at inducing internal redistribution in­ clude land colonization and settlement (e.g. the Mokwa and Shen­ dum schemes in Nigeria), farm settlement, sedentarization of nomads and new town development (e.g. Dodoma in the United Republic of Tanzania). 135 E/ECJ!./C't-1. 9/5 25. Policies aimed at inducing spontaneous redistribution in­ clude re$triction of migration to the cities, rural education, development of "growth poles" and rural development. The inef­ fectiveness of most population redistribution policies in developing Africa may be ascribed to the economic structures of most of the countries: over-all development policies which promote rural-urban migration by favouring urban consumers: the relatively inadequate information base on which they are often predicated; and \leak pol icy formulation and inefficient co­ -ordinating machinery. 26. It is difficult to draw general conclusions from a review of case studies of countries in various parts of the continent. The difficulty is compounded when the case studies are assembled from fragmentary research findings. Even if studies were more systematic and thorough, one might still face the problem of generalizing from a small number of countries each with unique political, cultural and economic circumstances. The outcome of a particular action may have more to do with the specific national context than with the pol icy chosen. Nevertheless, while firm conlusions or policy guidelines cannot be reached, the following tentative conlusions may be advanced to guide future thinking on population redistribution policies in third world countries. 
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses population redistribution policies in developing African countries, focusing on their impact on economic development and the challenges faced in implementing such policies. The text also touches on the limitations of these policies in addressing economic issues and the importance of considering the specific national context.

**Category**
Economic development, Employment