effect thecapacity ofdeveloping countries toacquire, adaptandimprove imported technology: (b)Continue studies onthepromotion oftechnology transfer anddevelopment bysmall- andmedium-sized enterprises andontheroleofnational technology policies inthepromotion ofinnovation, absorption andutilization oftechnology andthepropensity forrisk-taking indeveloping countries, having regard tothe differences amongdeveloping countries inrespect ofsuchfactors asthelevelof technological andindustrial development, availability ofadequate humanresources, aswellastothelinkage between productive activities andresearch and development efforts andothersources oftechnological inputs; (c)Studytheimpact ofjointventures andforeign direct investment on increased transfer oftechnology; (d)Examine thechallenges andopportunities generated bynewtechnologies, including howtheyaffect tradeanddevelopment opportunities, takingintoaccount, inparticular, thenature ofthefactors affecting theirtransfer, diffusion and absorption incountries atdifferent levels ofdevelopment: -14- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(e)Review current developments affecting theflowoftechnology to developing countries, utilizing systematically collected andtabulated dataonsuch flows, together withothertechnology-related statistics; (f)Undertake policy-oriented studies onarrangements forthetransfer and development oftechnology andassistwiththeirestablishment, whereappropriate, withaviewtoimproving access ofdeveloping countries totechnological advances; (g)Develop activities further inrespect oflaws,regulations andpolicies onthetransfer anddevelopment oftechnology, inthelightoftheimpact on legislation andpolicies ofrecent technological an~commercial changes in strategies andpractices oftechnology suppliers andoffollow-up tothecode negotiations andtheUruguay Round; (h)Continue tostudytheeconomic, commercial anddevelopmental aspects of theindustrial property system; (i)Provide substantive support fortechnical co-operation activities, including responding torequests forthefielding ofnational advisory missions, theorganization oftraining seminars andotherhumanresource development activities, havingparticular regard tonewtechnologies, toinnovation andthe commercialization oftechnologies, including theroleofresearch anddevelopment institutes, accesstoanduseofresults fromresearch anddevelopment fundedby theUnited Nations andmeasures forstrengthening technological co-operation between developing countries. Inimplementing theprogramme oftechnical co-operation activities, thesecretariat willplacespecial emphasis ontheneeds oftheleastdeveloped countries. SUBPROGRAMME 5.TRADE AMONG COUNTRIES HAVING DIFFERENT ECONOMIC ANDSOCIAL SYSTEMS* (a)Objectives 13.35 Thelegislative authority forthesubprogramme derives fromGeneral Assembly resolution 42/175; UNCTAD resolutions 15(II),53(III), 95(IV);theFinalActof theseventh session ofUNCTAD, paragraphs 30and105(25-29); andTradeand Development Boarddecisions 356(XXXIV) and368(XXXV). 13.36 Theobjectives ofthesubprogramme willbetopromote pOlicies andmeasures conducive totheexpansion anddiversification oftrade,and economic co-operation amongcountries havingdifferent economic andsocial systems onastable, long-term andcomprehensive basis, whilegiving dueconsideration totheinterests of developing countries. (b)Coyrse ofaction ofthesecretariat 13.37 TheUNCTADsecretariat willcontribute: (a)Tothefurther strengthening oftradeandeconomic relations among countries havingdifferent economic andsocial systems, inparticular East-South trade; Seeparas. 13.10and13.11above. -15-
**Analysis**
The text appears to be focused on the transfer of technology and its impact on economic development, trade, and innovation in developing countries. It discusses the challenges and opportunities generated by new technologies, joint ventures, and foreign direct investment, and the need for policies and regulations to facilitate the transfer of technology. The text also mentions the importance of technical cooperation and the role of research and development institutes.

**Category**
International trade, Science and technology