lv) Support to and promotion of alI activities starting from Identification of technological needs and generation. through field trials and adaptlove research, development and design upto setting up and operation of demonstration units to obtain utlllsable know-how. EXPERIENCE AND PROBLEMS The results of Its scientific and technological endeavours have been heartening for India. Enrollment In engineering and technology degree programmes have moved up from 3,000 In 1947 to 33,000 In 1981. Today ther' are 119 unlversltfes· ·aftlltatlng about 1650 colleges, five Institutes of technology, 150 engineering colleges, about 100 medical colleges and 350 polytechnics. About 160,000 sctentlflc and technical personnet are produced each year. With 2.4 million such personnel, India ranks next only to the USSR and the United States In this field. While there have been some significant achievements, some problems continue to remain. Agriculture: India used to be known as a bread basket case. In recent years, however, It has been able to cope with some Jean years through Its food reserves. Against 45 m. tonnes of foodgralns In 1950, today over 150 m. tonnes are produced. There Is a fairly advanced plant and animal genetic resources conservation programme; the sol I map of the country's 186 land resource areas Is being prepared; high yielding and disease resistant varieties of plants are being tried out successfully; energy Intensive fertilizers are being replaced by bio-organic regimes; good quality agro-lmplements are being produced. Chat lenges ahead: It Is not as If India can now sit back and relax. It would be necessary to Increase the yield of rice, pulses, ollseeds, and many cash crops; encourage large scale energy plantations and social forestry programmes; shift to bio-organic fertilizers; ensure that food Is regularly available to our constantly growing population that Is large enough as It Is; consolidate and build 
**Analysis**
The text discusses India's progress in various fields, including education, agriculture, and science and technology. It highlights the country's achievements in producing scientific and technical personnel, increasing food production, and conserving genetic resources. However, it also mentions challenges ahead, such as increasing crop yields, shifting to bio-organic fertilizers, and ensuring food availability for a growing population. This suggests that the text is primarily focused on India's development and progress, with a focus on agriculture, education, and science.

**Category**
Economic development, Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Science and technology