refugee statusareprincipally intended todealwithindividual asylum applications. Insituations oflarge-scale influx ~whichtodaycomprise thevast majority oftheworld's refugees -itisnormally notfeasible toresortto individual determination. Ittherefore becomes imperative toresortto adhocarrangements forgroupdetermination. basedonanobjective evaluation ofthe circumstances obtaining inthecountry oforigin whichledtothedeparture ofthe persons concerned. Adhocarrangements ofthisnature havebeenregularly resorted toduringthereporting periodwithregardtothevarious large-scale influx situations currently obtaining indifferent partsoftheworld. E.International refugee instruments 1.The1951UnitedNations Convention relating totheStatus ofRefugees andthe1967Protocol 86.Itisrecalled thatthebasicminimum standards forthetreatment ofrefugees aredefined andelaborated invarious international instruments, notably thelq5l UnitedNations Refugee Convention andthe1967Protocol. Itistherefore oneof theessential functions ofUNHCRtopromote accession totheseinstruments. Itis -18-gr pa ri ca al 87 ex in St wi on th Pr an Pr !in thest' in 89. ha th th st­ Co St ot an 90 th th th ar UN to begratifying tonotethat,withtherecentaccession ofHaiti,thenumberofStates parties tooneorbothofthetwobasicinternational refugee instruments hasnow risento97.The1951UnitedNations Refugee Convention andthe1967Protocol cannot, however, beregarded ashavingacquired atrulyuniversal character until allormostoftheMemberStatesoftheUnitedNations havebecomeparties tothem. 87.InCentral America, oneoftheregions wherelarge-scale refugee situations existbutwhereonlyasmallnumberofStates havesofaracceded tothebasic instruments, therecently adopted Cartagena Declaration onRefugees callsuponthe Statesintheregionthathavenotalready donesotoaccedetobothinstruments, without makingreservations limiting theirapplication. TheDeclaration alsocalls onthoseStatesparties whichhavemadereservations toconsider thepossibility of theirwithdrawal. Recommendations forfurther accessions totheConvention and Protocol werealsomadebythetwoseminars ofgovernment experts fromthecentral andsouthern African regions whichtookplaceatAddisAbabaandYaounde inJanuary andFebruary 1985respectively. Asmentioned earlier, theseseminars wereheldby wayoffollow-up totherecommendations ofthe1979Pan-African (Arusha) Conference ontheSituation ofRefugees inAfrica, whichsimilarly calledforaccessions to theinternational refugee instruments. 88.TheOfficecontinued itsefforts toencourage, whereappropriate, the withdrawal ofreservations introduced byStatesinrespect ofthe1951united Nations Refugee Convention andthe1967Protocol. TheOfficealsosoughtto encourage thewithdrawal ofthegeographical limitation bywhichcontracting States maylimittheirobligations undertheConvention topersons whohadbecomerefugees asaresultofeventsoccurring inEuropebefore 1January 1951. Suchlimitation, unless withdrawn~ alsoapplies inrespect ofaState's obligations underthe1967 Protocol. TheHighCommissioner ispleased tonotethatthegeographical limitation waswithdrawn byArgentina duringthereporting periodwiththeresult thatitisnowmaintained onlybysevenStates.!1I ItishopedthatthoseStates stillmaintaining thegeographical limitation willfinditpossible towithdraw it inthenearfuture. 89.Thestandards oftreatment forrefugees andtherightstobeaccorded them havefoundexpression inanumberofotherinstruments adopted attheuniversal and theregional levels; inaddition tothe1951UnitedNations Refugee Convention and the19b7Protocol. Theadoption andacceptance byStatesofsuchadditional standard-setting instruments hascontinued toprovide valuable support totheHigh Commissioner incarrying outhisinternational protection tasks. Acurrentlistof Statesparties tothe1951UnitedNations Refugee Convention, the1967Protocol and otherintergovernmental legalinstruments ofbenefit torefugees istobefoundin
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing international refugee law and the efforts of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to promote the accession of countries to international refugee instruments. It also mentions the importance of promoting the rights of refugees and the standards for their treatment. Given the focus on international law, refugee protection, and humanitarian aid, it is likely that the category will be related to humanitarian aid and relief.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief