26 (Mr.Hayden, Australia) Weallknowthattherearedifferences ofviewontheissuesofscope, verification andcompliance insuchacomprehensive test-ban arrangement. Butthe onlywaythesedifferences willberesolved isforustositdowntogether andwork onthem.AstheNon-Proliferation Treaty ReviewConference proposes, thisshould bedonewithout moredelay.Ifdelaycontinues, theAustralian Government intends tosearchforanalternative meansofsettling theproblems ofscope,verification andcompliance. Inotherwords,iftherearenuclear-weapon Statesthathave problems withthedetails ofscope,verification andcompliance, weintendtowork withlike-minded non-nuclear-weapon Statestoestablish aworking alternative. BeforeIleavethedisarmament issue,IwishtorecordtheAustralian Government's appreciation ofthedecision bytheGovernment ofChina,earlierthis year,thatitwouldparticiPate inworkonacomprehensive test-ban treatyassoon asitisabletobestarted intheCommittee onDisarmament. Onenuclear-weapon State,France, chooses bycontrast totakenopartindiscussing thetest-ban issue. Moreover, itcontinues toconduct testsinthePacific, farfrom metropolitan France, inwhatisnowwithintheareaoftheSouthPacific nuclear-free zone.Itcontinues todosooverthevehement andconsistent protest ofthenations inthearea.Australia takesnopleasure indisputes withFrance. ButFranceinsists onprovoking dispute throughitstesting policyandactivities intheregion, whichPresident Mitterrand himself hasadmitted areanabsurdcrime andsabotage. ThisIllakesusallthemorebittertobetoldbyFrancethatitwill notconduct these s~'called harmless nuclear testsinFrance, ratherthanwherewe andourfriendslive.Thatiswhyweresentsomuchactsofsodescribed sabotage ontheterritory ofanationwhichconsidered Francetobeitsfriend.AW/ljb, A/40/PV.17 27 (Mr.Hayden, Australia) Disarmament andtheproblems ofsouthern Africaarebuttwoofthemajor issuesbeforetheworldcommunity whichhavecausedspeculation aboutthecapacity oftheinternational systemtoresolve long-standing issuesonitsagenda. Ihave inmindthoseproblems whichthreaten international orregional security, suchas thetragicturmoilinLebanon andthecontinuing occupation ofAfghanistan, which wecontinue tocondemn. IrepeatAustralia's condemnation ofVietNam'scontinuing occupation ofCambodia, though weareencouraged byrecentsignsofprogress towardspolitical settlement brought aboutbythegoodoffices ofourfriends Indonesia andMalaysia. Wehavealsobeenheartened bysomesignsofforward movement towards acomprehensive settlement intheMiddleEast.Despite the deplorable Israeli violation ofthesovereignty ofTunisia, westillhopethatall sideswillworktowards earlyandsubstantive negotiations. Intheseandother cases,theability ofthisOrganization toeffectsolutions hasbeenlimited in various ways.ThevetohasbeenusedintheSecurity Council, notinthe dispassionate, tutelary mannerenvisaged 40yearsago,butmoretoprotect the interests ofthevetoPowers. Threab ~theinternational systemcomefromthe effects ofunderdevelopment andtradeinequity, aswellasfromwar.Butthe Security Council, despiteitspeace-keeping obligations, shareslittleifanyof thepowerwielded ontheseissuesthrough suchbodiesastheInternational Monetary Fund(IMF). Thequestion arises: Shouldwiderpotentially destabilizing issues, aswellasmilitary threats, beconsidered bythesecurity Council? Hundreds ofthousands ofpeoplearebeingdestroyed bythewarbetween Iraq andIran.Twenty-five Members ofthisOrganization -someofthemwithgreat influence -sellarmstooneorotherofthecombatants. NineMembernationssell armstoboth.ShouldUnitedNations Members beallowed without peialty toturnthe Iraq-Iran warintoagigantic armsbazaaraswellasacharnel house? PracticalM/ljb A/40/PV.17 28 (Mr.Rayden, Australia) answers tothese te~rible problems areavailable m1dtheycanbeforgedbythis Organization. ItismyGovernment's hopethattheSecurity Councilwillbeable, impartially, toassistbothcountries inmovingtowards aresolution ofthis terrible conflict. TherecordoftheUnitedNations ineasing ~edecolonization process isan in""'luableone,asIhavepointed out.Butcolonization survives andeveninits lastmomentsitcausespainandtension. Weseesomething ofthisespecially in thePacific reg~on. Thequestion perhaps mightbeasked: Shoulddecolonization, itspaceanditsextent, belefttothecolonizing Powerorshoulditbeamatter forinvolvement by~~isOrganization? Prevention ofnuclear waristhemostimmediately pressing taskfacingus today. Thi,;2ldemands nuclear' disarmament. Negotiations ontheissueareproceeding inGeneva 6,.~~Iilweareallgrateful forthat.Ithastobeappreciated thatthe minutiae ofarmscontrol arrangements canpractically bedealtwithonlybythose
**Analysis**
The text discusses disarmament, nuclear tests, and international relations, which suggests that the primary focus is on international politics and security. The mention of specific countries, such as France and China, and the reference to international organizations like the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, further reinforces this analysis. Additionally, the text touches on issues related to underdevelopment, trade inequity, and war, which are all interconnected with international relations and security.

**Category**
International relations, Security