"models of development." World-wide, models centred on the role of the State have been shown to be grievously ineffective and have in countless cases qiven rise to a lack of productive zeal, illogical distortions in price relationships and excessive protectionism, all leadinq to a stifling of private initiative. Those described as nodels of integration into the world economy entail, as a counterpart to their extraversion, access to financial resources, equipment and technology, but they also create a return to increased dependence on foreign operators and on world markets and the vaqaries of protectionism. Multilateral financing and development institutions and bilateral agencies for international co-operation are constantly encouraqinq developing countries and the countries of Eastern Europe to base their economic strategies on world markets rather than on the satisfaction of basic socio-economic needs at the domestic level. Although that strategy of extraversion is costly in foreiqn-exchange terms, in burdensome technology and in expensive imported personnel, it is viewed in this case as a panacea for development. Countries which adopt that course are beinq urged to choose a kind of dominant culture in order to move into a consumer society, which is reqarded as a utopia and held up as the sole basis for individual worth and happiness. Today, while recognizing the primacy of the spontaneous order of liberalism over the decreed order of collectivism, we should nevertheless question the notion of a development model too hastily viewed as universal and hailed as an absolute norm of rationality and an obligatory route for all nations. We should have been very glad to find that all development problems can be solved through the operation of market forces alone. However, that overlooks the fact that less than 20 per cent of the world's population consumes more than 80 per cent of its principal natural resources. BCT/td A/S-18/PV. 4 66 (Mr. Bengelloun, Morocco) 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the limitations of different economic development models, highlighting the negative consequences of state-led development and the risks of relying too heavily on foreign markets and technology. It also touches on the issue of global resource distribution and consumption. These themes suggest that the text is primarily concerned with economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade