language traininq, are incorporated in the general r{ork force ehere they beconeoualified as seni-skilled eorkers or forernen. In the Soviet Union, the ernployment needs of the expanding population of Central Asia are net by the creation of neujobs in tha! regi.on. This practice accords ('ith the poticy of naintaining thecultural cohesion of various reqions. 120. In several. South Anerican countries, local development, h,hich is frequently rural development., is the nain approach used to meet the enploymenl needs of minority populations. In Bolivia, followinq land retorn, nore than 400,000 properly deeds had been distributed to rural workers rrho are frequently Aynaran or Quecbuan Indians. although much of this land is adrninistered on a connunity basis r.rhereby tbe conmunal land supports schools and healgh services. Joi.nt managenent and participation in planning have been encouraged, and ci.tizens, resident foreiqners and refugees may settle j.n any parl of the national terriCory. vsnezuela also has an open-door imnigrali,on policy. As a party to the Andean instruments on nigrant lrorkers and on social security, the long-lern social security needs of r^rorkers are covered throughout the country. 12I. A number of other developiog countri,es are creating policies to provide equal emplovnent opportunities to the children of ninorilies and nigrant $orkers. In Indi.a, the numbers of nembers of scbeduled castes and lribes enpLoyed in public service has r j.sen fron 360,000 in 1965 to over 3 ni.Ilion in l9?9. In the public sector at both central and state government level specif i.c guotas have been establisbed for nembefs of these groups. In Kueait, rdhere approxinately half the population consi6ts of, non-citizens, the International Conventi,on on lhe Elimination of all Forns of Raci.al Discrimination has the force of Law supers'eding nalional lan. It is r^'iEhin this context lhat efforts are nade to protecE the
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the employment and labor policies of various countries, focusing on the inclusion of minority populations and migrant workers in the workforce. It highlights specific initiatives and programs aimed at promoting equal employment opportunities and social security for these groups.

**Category**
Employment, Culture