high cost and produced little profits In the Initial stages, such endeavours could lead to troubles and losses rather than gains and Interests for the enterprises. (4) Research Institutes received their operational and research expenditure from the government budget but were not accountable to the government. In other words, their research achievements were not· evaluated In economic terms and they had no vested Interest In the application of their research results to production. Essentla• 1 ly. this means that problems In production technology would not be reflected In the research institutes while what was accomplished In research Institutes would not be transferred to production systems. (5) Little technology transfer was going on among the various organizations Involved In the same field. This was due largely to the fact that transfer of technology was basically free and there was no technology trade or market or competition. Technology owners had no enthusiasm or reason to transfer their technologies. (6) In terms of the composition of research areas. too •uch emphasis was given to basic research, laboratory research vhlle applied research, pilot experiment and Industrial demonstration had ll been greatly neglected. As a result, research was not translated Into production and commercially applied. We could develop high technology proJects In certain areas, such as satellites and atomic bombs ~h!le simple things as razor blades would have quality problems. (7) ihe ful I potentials of science and technology personnel was far from being tapped. Once a sclentlst.or expert was assigned to uork In an organization, he or she became the "real estate" of that organization. He or she could not go elsewhere even If his or her expertise Is not useful In that particular place. There was little mobility of personnel and hence knowledge and experiences were mostly confined to a restricted area. 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the challenges faced by research institutes and enterprises in a country, highlighting issues such as lack of accountability, inadequate technology transfer, and limited personnel mobility. These problems hinder the application of research results to production, leading to inefficiencies and losses. The text suggests that the country's science and technology sector is not being utilized effectively, and that there is a need for improvement in this area.

**Category**
Industry, Science and technology