3114" The inpact of the doctrines of nucfear deterrence on international security is difficult to separate fron the impact of the very existence of the weaponsthemselves and the technol.gica' devel0pment of nuc Lear*r,ieapon systems. once the weapons exist - and consequently atso the possibility that itr.y ,uy be used _ the pa.ticr'1ar role in inLernaLiona-L secrrrity of rhe doctrines for tneir use night notbecome a matter of primary concern when the actual use of these weapons iscontemplated ' The srrecific features of the doctrines, however, detemining theconditions lor the use of nuclear veapons and the way in which they nay be used, are lrjlportant factors uhen the implications of bhe nuclear arsenali forlnternationaf security are alefined' while the latter subject is treated in thefcllor"ring chapter:" some observations on the inpact of the doctrines, as suche naybe worth mentionlng here " 3\5' one obvious question concern' the credibility of the doctrines, not in thesense whether a state has the ineans and thus the ability to irnplenent a certaindoctrine" but in the sense of the relationship between doctrines and reality" will the doctrines really prove to be reliable inslrralents in a crisis situatron, or vi'1 the situation deverop independently of ttre aoctrinesr rt is impossible toA/35/392 English Annex Page l-14 ansver this with any degree of certainty, but it must be pointed out that vars have hitherto had a tendency to proceed and end in ways not predicted" The risk of a nuclear war getting out of control is obvious, and night even be likely' 3\6. Anottrer question is whether it is possible in reality to retain a distinction between different doctrinal scenarios once a conflict is under vay; i'e"' is it possible to distinguish between a counteTforce attack aimed at destroying mil-itary iargets B,'d a counter-val-ue Strike aimed. at weakening the ind.ustrial capacity of a Staie? Having larinched a counterforce strike, what assurances could a State have that the adversary would not respond by counter-value attack o ained at cities 'since there rou-l-d be 1itt1e point in siriking at sj.los alrea{Y emptied. of their rnissiles? I{oreover, can the first-strike State be counted upon to act with
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the impact of nuclear deterrence doctrines on international security, specifically the potential risks and uncertainties associated with the use of nuclear weapons. The text highlights the difficulty in separating the impact of these doctrines from the existence of the weapons themselves and the technological development of nuclear systems. It also raises questions about the credibility of these doctrines and the potential for nuclear wars to get out of control. The text does not seem to be related to economic development, natural resources, or other categories that are typically associated with more concrete, tangible issues.

**Category**
Science and technology, International relations