laid down in paragraph 3 of Article III of the Charter of the Organization of African Unity; "2. Solem11lv declares that all Member States pledge themselves to respect the borders existing on their achievement of national independence:· Consequently, Libya·s military occupation of Tibesti clearly constitutes a flagrant violation of the principles set forth above. (b) Non-existence of the La\'{/1-Mussolini Treaty of 7 Jc11111ary /935 On 7 January 1935, the negotiations between France and Italy culminated in the so-called Laval-Mussolini Treaty. officially entitled "Treaty of Rome on a set­ tlement of the· interests of France and Italy in Africa··. This Treaty prnvided for the cession to Italy of a 114,000 square kilometre strip of territory along the frontier of the Niger (which lost a small area) and Chad. on the one hand, and Libya, on the other hand. The Treaty of Rome was, however, destined never to enter into force. An Act of 27 March 1935, issued in French Equatorial Africa by an Order of the Governor-General of 9 May 1935, authorized the President of the French Republic to proceed with its ratification. But the exchange of the instruments of ratification was destined never to take. place. because of the Ethiopian war and the Spanish Civil War. Fur­ thermore. title I. article I. of this Treaty made its entry into .fi1rcc' subject to the conclusion ,~r {I co111·e111io11 conn'mi11g Tunisia ( see below, the statements of Mr. Fran<;ois Poncet, Ambassador of France in Rome). On 17 December 1938, Count Ciano, then Minister for Foreign Affairs of Italy, stated that the Treaty of Rome 11·a.,· neither mt(/ied nor completed and has been 67 overtaken by history. Mr. Poncet, Ambassador of France to Italy, taking note of Count Ciano·s state­ ment, said: "while the instruments of ratification could not be exchanged owing to a postponement of the 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing international relations and territorial disputes, specifically the border disputes between Libya and Chad, and the non-existence of the Laval-Mussolini Treaty. The language used is formal and diplomatic, suggesting a focus on international law and politics rather than economic or social issues.

**Category**
International trade, Politics