consistent and be achieved througb the consolidation of these and other progressive norms in the treaty practice of States. Such a viewpoint rrras refleeted in the research on this question presented in the report of the Secretary-General to the thirty-ninth session of the General Assernbly lA/39/504/Add.I). L2. It would seem that such a task could be entrusted to one of the existing United Nations organs which have the necessary machinery and expertise, for instance the United Nations International Law Conmission. /...A/40/446/Add.1 English Page 11 \IENEZUELA [Original: Spanishl [7 August I985.| 1. On the basis of principles relating to the new international eeonomic order which are already accepted in tbe economic relations of States, such as preferential treatment for developing countries, stabilization of export earnings of developing countries, sovereignty over natural resources, the right of States to benefit from science and technology, participatory equality of developing countries in international economic relations and the common heritage of mankind, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) prepared an analytical study on the subject under discussion. Tbe subject is unsuestionably of the highest importance for developing countries, for the codification of international law governing the economic relations of States benefits those countries in particular in that it would give then participatory equality in international relations. 2. The actual purpose of the UNITAR study is prinarily to determine if the principles above can stand as effective and permanent normative propositions, in isolation as wel-I as in relation to each other. The study also indicates that those principles derive mainly from the principles of "sovereign eguality" and "the duty to co-operate" under contemporary international law. It further cbserves that tbe airn is to achieve participatory economic eouality within the international community because thi.s is one of the pillars of the new international economic
**Analysis**
The text discusses the principles and norms related to the new international economic order, focusing on the importance of participatory equality for developing countries. It mentions specific principles such as preferential treatment, sovereignty over natural resources, and the right to benefit from science and technology. The text also mentions the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) study that aims to determine if these principles can be effective and permanent normative propositions.

**Category**
International trade, Economic development