Each year sees a further expansion of the network of medical and obstetric antenatal and postnatal care. In 1980 and 1981 alone over 1000 antenatal clinics, children's polyclinics and outpatients' clinics were opened, bringing the current total to over 24,900. The All-Union Scientific Research Centre of Mother and Child Health Care was opened in 1979; in 1980 - the All-Union Centre for the Rescuscitation of the Newborn. Various other scientific institutions dealing with the problems of the mother and child were also set up in a number of cities. Labour legislation prohibits refusing employment to women or reducing their pay for reasons associated with pregnancy or nursing. Employers may not dismiss pregnant women or mothers with children up to 12 months old. If a pregnant woman cannot perform her usual duties, a doctor's certificate enables her to be transferred to lighter duties for the duration of the pregnancy, while she retains the average pay applicable to her previous duties. Nursing mothers and women with children up to:twelve months old who cannot perform their usual duties, are transferred to other duties, retaining the average pay applicable to their previous duties for the entire nursing period or until the child reaches the age of 12 months. If necessary, a pregnant woman may be hospitalized in a special-care institution against a paid-for medical certificate, or in a sanatorium or a maternity rest home. In such a case, the management in her place 6f employment in conjunction with the trade union committee provide her either with a free place or with one at a reduced rate; additional financial assistance may also be provided. Working women are granted 8 weeks' prenatal and 8 weeks' postnatal maternity leave, with maternity benefit equal to full pay being payable during this period. If her laboxir is not normal, or more than one child is born, 
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on the policies and regulations related to women's employment, healthcare, and maternity leave in the Soviet Union. It highlights the expansion of medical care services, labor laws, and benefits for working women, particularly those related to pregnancy and childcare. This suggests that the category that best fits this text is Employment and Health.

**Category**
Health, Employment