agro-industrial mechanization, and that over 600,000 Mayans had been forced into exile. The Commission had decided to offer advisory services, since it had not been possible to determine whether it was the army or the Government that was abusing the Maya. In his report (E/CN.4/1990/45 and Add.l), the Expert on Guatemala had pointed out that the ultimate responsibility for the promotion and protection of the rights of the Maya rested with the Guatemalan Government. That had always been the case under the international rule of State responsibility in respect of human rights. The Maya continued to be the subject of gross abuse of economic, social and cultural rights and of civil and political rights. MRG therefore urged the Sub-Commission and the Commission to monitor the situation closely. 12. In 1989, MRG had presented the situation of the bedouin Arabs of the Negev, highlighting the urgent need for them to be granted land rights in, Israel under Israeli law in respect of rights which had been traditionally recognized by former Ottoman and British authorities. MRG had also made specific proposals on the need for bedouin living in official settlements to be enabled to elect their own councils and to be given adequate control over their own budgets. Recently, however, MRG had been disturbed to receive reports of a major housing crisis in Israel. It was felt that the new Minister of Housing, in particular, would not be sufficiently concerned about the fate of the bedouins or their land rights. MRG sincerely hoped that such apprehension was misplaced and suggested that the Sub-Commission should invite the Israeli Government to give a full explanation of how the land rights of minorities, especially the bedouins in the Negev, were to be protected. 13. In 1989, MRG had addressed the Sub-Commission and the Commission on the 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the situation of two indigenous groups, the Mayans in Guatemala and the Bedouin Arabs in Israel, highlighting their struggles with human rights, land rights, and self-governance. The language used is focused on human rights, governance, and social issues, suggesting that the text is more concerned with social and political aspects rather than economic or environmental ones.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Human rights