adopted theDeclaration ontheGranting ofIndependence toColonial Countries and peoples, Isundeniably aserious andcontinuing challenge totheauthority and credibility oftheUnitedNations. Aftermorethanhalfacenturyofbrutalanddegrading colonialism, and following theSecurity Council's adoption ofresolution 435(1978),Africahoped thatNamibia wouldswiftly accedetointernational sovereignty. Buttodayweare obligedtonotethatSouthAfricaisstilloccupying Namibia, whichmeansthat therehavebeensevenmoreyearsofindescribable suffering forthepeopleof Namibia, andcountless numbersofraidsandactsofaggression against the front-line States:. sevenyearsofhopeandtrustbetrayed. WithinsouthAfricaitself, theminority regimeinpowerisconstantly pursuing andstrengthening itsloathsome policy, whichitcallsapolicyofthe separate development oftheraces,tothatendusingawholearsenal oflawsand regulations. Everything ispermitted forsome;theycandowhattheywantwiththe others. Yetnothingispermitted fortheothersintheirownland. TheGeneral Assembly andtheSecurity Council haveinturnstatedanddeclared thatapartheid isincompatible withtheunitedNations Charter, andthe international community hasdeclaredittobeacrimeagainst humanity. Todayitisaccepted thatonlythrough theimplementation ofSecurity Council resolution 435(1978)andthedismantling ofthesystemofapartheid canajustand lasting peacebebrought aboutinthatravagedpartofourcontinent. ButifSouthAfricacontinues todisregard andinsolently trample underfoot ourcollective desires, wehavenochoicebuttocontinue thestruggle ina dynamic, collective andresponsible manner. AndhereIwouldpayawelldeservedRH/lS A/40/f!'1.28 64-65 (Hr..Bako.,Niger) tribute tointernational publicopinion and1wouldencourage it,fortodayitis doingagreatdealforthecauseofjustice, hUJIandignity andpeace. Thanksto itssupport forthestruggle ofthepeoples ofsouthern Africa, ~uthAfrica's isolation isincreasing witheachpassing day.Publicopinion exposesitsblind arrogance anditsoverweening conceit. Africawouldurgepublicopinion to intensify itspressure andtomilitate evenmorefortheadoption ofeconomic sanctions andotherappropriate measures against theracistandaggressive regime ofPretoria. Thatistheonlylanguage thatthisregimeunderstands. Itslastbarbaric incursion intotheterritory ofAngolaisfurther proofof itsintransigence. Wecondemnthatraidasaserious infringesent ofinternational rulesandofthesovereignty andindependence ofofthepeopleofAngola. OtherpartsofthevastAfrican continent haveforyearsbeenareasofgreat tension. Dangerous andpotentially explosive situations stillpersist inChad, Western SaharaandtheBornofAfrica. Inourview,theseconflict situations constitute amajorobstacle tothe idealofAfrican unitygwhichisthedeepestaspiration ofthepeoplesofour continent.cTheyareadistraction, because theysidetrack ourpeoplefromthe paramount tasksofdevelopment andsocialprogress.NR/emv A/40/PV.28 66 (Mr.Bako,Niger) InNigerwebelieve thatthesettlement of.a11theseconflicts inevitably callsforrespect fortheprinciples ofinternational law,towhichall.ofour peoples have subscr~d inanactofsO'l1ereignt'.l. Hence,theindependence andsovereignty ofChadmustberespected. National reconciliation mustbesought, maintained andencouraged bythepeopleofChad themselves without anyoutside interference. Thesituation inWestern Saharaisamatterofgraveconcern toNiger. There areongoingefforts topromote theeffective implementation oftherightto self-determination. Lastly, thereturntopeaceintheHornofAfricadepends onthewillofthe countries ofthatregiontorespect oneanother andtoabideintheirrelationships withtherulesofgood-neighbourliness. Africa, through theOrqanization ofAfrican unity,isactively seeking solutions toalltheseconflicts. Wearefollowing withhopetheefforts being madebythecurrent Chairman oftheOtganization ofAfrican Unity,Mr.Diouf, President oftheRepUblic ofSenegal, toensurepeace,justice anddemocracy. Theseefforts oughttobestrongly supported bytheUnitedNations andbyall . countries thatcherish peaceandjustice. Thesituation intheMiddleEastis,liketheproblem ofNamibia, another example ofachallenge thatwemustfaceinordertorestore ourOrganization's authori~y andctedibility. WewouldrecallthatIsraelwascreated byourOrganization, butithasbeen forgetting thelessonsofhistory andtryingtodenyotherpeoples' rightto exist. Thisattitude onthepartofIsraelisattherootoftheindescribableNR!emv A/40!PV.28 67 (Mr.Bako,Niger) )nal rhere the ng r 's been letragedy thathasbeenexperienced bythePalestinian peoplefordecades. Theyhave beendrivenoutofthelandoftheirancestors, deprived oftheirrights and properties andunjustly forcedintopermanent exile.
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on the political situation in Africa, specifically the struggles of colonized countries, apartheid, and international relations. It highlights the need for economic sanctions and pressure on South Africa to end its occupation of Namibia and respect the independence and sovereignty of African countries. The text also touches on other regional conflicts, such as in Chad, Western Sahara, and the Horn of Africa, and expresses support for the Organization of African Unity's efforts to resolve these conflicts.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, International relations