UNITED NATIONSA --------------------~--------_ .._------ GeneralAssembly Distr. GENERAL A/40/535 17September 1985 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Fortieth session Item68(b)oftheprovisional agenda" GENERAL ANDCOMPLETE DISARMAMENT Studyonthenaval armsrace Report oftheSecretary-General 1.Byresolution 38/188 Gof20December 1983,theGeneral Assembly requested the Secretary-General, withtheassistance ofqualified governmental experts, tocarry outacomprehensive studyonthenavalarmsrace,onnavalforces andnaval arms systems, including maritime nuclear-weapons systems, aswellasonthedevelopment, deployment andmodeofoperation ofsuchnavalforces andsystems, allwithaview toanalysing theirpossible implications forinternational security, forthe freedom ofthehighseas,forinternational shipping routes andforthe exploitation ofmarine resources, thereby facilitating theidentification of possible areasfordisarmament andconfidence-building measures. TheGeneral Assembly further requested theSecretary-General tosubmit thefinalreporttothe Assembly atitsfortieth session. 2.Pursuant tothatresolution, theSecretary-General hasthehonour totransmit herewith totheAssembly thestudyonthenaval armsrace. "A/40/150. 85-24912 1617-180 (El /...A!40!535 English Page2 ANNEX Studyonthenaval armsrace CONTENTS Chapter Paragraphs FOREWORD BYTHESECRETARY-GENERAL .......................................................................... 5 LETTER OFTRANSMITTAL ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6 I.GENERAL BACKGROUND ANDSETTING........................................................ 1 -52 8 A.Purposes andobjectives ofthestudy.•......•.•....... 3 - 7 8 B.Relevant principles oftheFinalDocument andthe United Nations Convention ontheLawoftheSea.....•. 8 -17 9 c.Briefhistorical background ofmeasures ofnavalarms limitations andrelated matters upto1945.•••••••..•. 18-28 11 D.Theseaanditsresources andtheirvaluetomankind ..29-52 13 II•DEVELOPMENT OFNAVALCAPABILITIES 53-80 20 A.Motivations forStates todevelop navalcapabilities 53-61 20 B.Thenuclear revolution . D.Weapons systems .c.Theelectronic revolution . F.Existing forces .62-68 22 69-73 24 74-80 25 81-138 28 81-82 28 83-87 28 88-94 30 95-98 31 99-100 32 101-138 33Transfers ofnavalarmsLevelsofnavies D.B.Seapowerinthegeneral political, economic and security context .. E.Newtechnologies .C. A.Majordevelopments inthepast50years .Ill. NAVALFORCES ANDNAVAL ARMSSYSTEMS ••••••••••••••••••••.•• /...A/40/535 English Page3 CONTENTS (continued) Chapter Paragraphs Page IV.APPLICATIONS ANDUSESOFNAVALCAPABILITIES •••••••••••••••• 139-17044 A.Deployment andmodes,ofoperation •••••••••••••••••••••• 139 44 B.Strategic nuclear deterrence •••..•.•.•.••••..••....•.•. 140-141 44 C.Powerprojection •..•••••••••••...••••..•••••.•••••...•• 142-143 44 D.Seacontrol andseadenial•••..••••••••••••.••••••••••• 144-146 4S E.Operations inseaareascovered byice••••••••••••••••• 147-152 45 F.Affirmation ofsovereignty, navalpresence and surveillance 153-155 46 G.PUblic service ••.•••••..••••••••••••••••...•••••.•••••• 156-170 47 V..MARITIME LEGAL CONTEXT 171-254 50 A.General rulesofinternational lawrestricting theuse offorce,rightofself-defence andcollective self-defence atsea••••••.•••....•••••.••••..••••...••• 173-180 50 B. C.TheConvention ontheLawofthe Multilateral treaties since1945Sea .. .. ..181-228 229-24153 63 D.Bilateral agreements ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••• 242-245 66 E.Declarations. .246-254 67 VI.IMPLICATIONS FORSECURITY ANDTHEPEACEFUL USESOFTHESEAS 255-28170
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a comprehensive study on the naval arms race, exploring the development of naval capabilities, naval forces and systems, and their implications for international security, freedom of the high seas, and international shipping routes. The study also examines the maritime legal context and the peaceful uses of the seas. Given the focus on naval arms and international security, it seems likely that the text falls under categories related to international relations and security.

**Category**
Transport and communication, Science and technology