.*p"""a to uni{nown radiation risks, since enough instruments to measure total radiation received. by a person might not be available ' Fallout could cause: irreversible adverse erf"ects on e-ological systems, and genetic mutations changing the ecosystem in unpredictable ways could not be ruled out ' Wild animal poprrlations nigbt likeltise be considerably affected' But most iroportant ' i*" should be remembered that bhe attacked country' devastated as it nay be' voul-d still have a more ttran sufricierrt n,r"lu.I. "rp.tirity remaining to deliver a devastating b1olr to the attacker. fhis would be according to the logic of deterrenc€ ' a counter-va1ue attack ' The count er-value attack 223. A massive counter-va1ue attack lrou]-d aim at destroying the very basis of a nationrs entire existence ty striting at its industrial assets and naJor urben centres and kiuing a rarge fraction of its population ' Though military installations might be t.Ig"t"a as veIl, the destruction of these would not be the ;;r;;; pttpo"" Ir trri" tyfe of attack ' 'rhe point is rather that a counter-value attack is easier to "arry" ir.t than a counterforce attack' since less p-recision is required to strike urian t,a industrial areas than to d'estroy missile silos and, since the nuaber and size of weapons needed. to cause "unacceptable destructionir is less denanding in a counter-value strike' According to former United States Secretaly of Lefence not".t l'f"t{"ttra, I'unacceptable destfuction" wouLd require one-fourthtoone-thiydfatalitiestoapopulationofalarge,industrializetl nation and the destruction of hal-f to two thirds of its industrial capacity' Accordirg to one reporr-"- i11 tii, was at the tine believed to require 400 Mt. equivalent .4-el negatonni.gii" " coulter-value -attack on the USSR and roughl-y the s Jtne yield ]i a sirnilar attack on the United states ' 22\, In the light of more recent studies, l-ess than l+00 equivalent megatons would'
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the potential consequences of a nuclear attack, including the effects on the environment, ecosystem, and human population. It also touches on the concept of a counter-value attack, which aims to destroy a nation's industrial capacity and urban centers. This suggests that the text is primarily concerned with the impact of nuclear war on human society and the environment.

**Category**
Science and technology, Health