(b) The promulgatlon of Act 87/872 of 1963, rrhich establishes that noecononic assistance nay be offered to countrles which sell or suppty goodsconstitutlng economic assistance, or irhich allos any vegsel registere,al under theirflag to transport such goods to Cubat (c) Pressure on foreign shipping cotopsnies, resulting in the violation ofcommercial undertaklngs, prior agreeoents and contracts, through the abrupt andunilateral suspension of their servlcea to Cuban poEEs, (d) The drawing up of the Eo-called iblack-llst., whlch constiEuted a threatto vessels of third countries $hlch called at cuban ports, in tbat they could notenter united states ports and that the unlted states courd cancer econonic andmi!-itary asgistance to the counlries in question, (e) Pressure on the major cargo llnes to prevent the chartering of vesslesfor the transport of goods to and from Cuba. This resulteat in the shipperscharging a preniurr over world charter prices and lhe conclusion of one-gidedcontracta. 66- The covernment of the united staes ls currently violating rnternatronarmaritime trade rules by forbidding vessels frylng the cuban flag or chartered by orin the service of Cuban undertakings to refuel in the territories under ltsjurlsdiction. 67. The fteasures applied againat air transport may be sumoarized as follows: (a) prohlbition from acquirlng spares Ameri.can-made aircraft in the United Statesand replaceoent parts for libr thor other countr ies t (b) Prohibition on the purchase of equlpment and replacement parts forinstall.ations and navigational ins tr uoen ts, (c) Prohibition on the transport of goods to and from cuba on civil airlines,extending even to connecting services in third countrles,^/40/s96Engl ish Page 35 (d) violation of the Air Transit Agreement by fobidding the use of the lnternational airport of Kindley Field, Berrnuda, !o aircraft en route to and frorn Eu rope , (e) Discrimination again6l Cuban aircraft, contrary to arlicle 1I of the Chlcago Agreenent of Ehe International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) '
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the economic and trade relations between Cuba and the United States, specifically highlighting the measures taken by the US government to restrict economic assistance to Cuba, including the prohibition of air and sea transport, and the impact on international trade and commerce.

**Category**
Transport and communication, International trade