remain passive tools of development. This L:~plies a change of customs and attitudes which will not take pl<~ce in one day but which will occur progressively if the countries have tLe politi­ cal will to achieve it. 161 E/ECA/CM.9/5 Notes. 1/ Population and Development Review, vol. 8. No. 3 (Sep­ tember 1982) . 2/ "Women and rural development in Africa" par Marie­ Ang~lique Savoire in Women in rural development: critical is­ sues. BIT, Geneve, 1980, p. 28. ~~ Ibid. pp. 28-29. 4/ Ren~ Dumont and M. France Martin in !'Afrique etrangl~e Ed du-Seuil, Paris, 1980. 5/ Women and Co-operatives, United Nations (ECA/(CARFF)/BIT) Addis Ababa, 1980. ~/ M. El Belghiti and L. Beneria: The participation of women in agricultural production. A case study of the Oudja region of Morocco, BIT, Geneva, 1981. F.Meness~: Les effets de la modernisation rurale sur les roles des sexes au Maroc.BIT,Geneve,l981. 7/ Report of the World Conference on Agrarian Reforms and Rural-Development, Rome, 1979, page 10. ~/ La participation des femmes rurales au developpement: A propos d'une action d'animation rurale femine en Republique du Niger. !RAM, Paris, 1975 cite far D. Bazin -Tardiem: Integra­ tion des Femmes dans la Reforme Agraire et de Developpement Rural dans les Pays Africains au Sud du Sahara. CARFF, Addis Abeba, 1977. 162 NORTH AFRICA Al<,;teria Egypt J..iuyan Arab Ja,...hi~iya Morocco Sudan 1"\lniaia 1/F.ST AFRICA Benin Cape Verde Gar.Wia Chana Guinea Ouinea-Biaaau Ivory cout Liberia lll>li twturitania Ni<Jer lli<Je~ia Sene<J&l Sierra Leom Toqo Upper Volta CENTRAL AFRICA Angola 81.1rundi Central African Rapublic Chad Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon R""nda Sao ,.._ and Principe United Republic of ca.eroon Zaire EAST AFRICA Bot.aware Comuroa Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya t.eaotho Hadagascar l181awi hauritiua Mozambique Seychellea Sol:alia Bwa&iland U<J&nda United Rapublic of Tanzania Zounbia Zimba- DI:VIU.OPIIIG AFRICA Atrican •-n of OPEC Kon-.eebera of OPEC Least developed eount.riee ~~ ECA aecret.ariat. 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the role of women in rural development and their participation in agricultural production in various African countries. It references studies and reports on the topic, highlighting the need for a change in customs and attitudes to achieve this goal. The text does not mention economic indicators, natural resources, or environmental concerns, which suggests that it is not focused on these areas.

**Category**
Economic development, Education