(b) An important part of world industriaL production is pre_enpted bynilitary requirenents. According to a carefur estirnate, 26/ appro*inntery 2g to32 Per cent of worrd military expenditure represencs the value of industriarproduction given over to military use. ror :-saz, this represents an industrialoutput (at current prices) of roughly IBO billion dollars. This output isconcentrated in the devel.ped countrr.es where - again, according to Lhe estlmates guoted above - nilitary-related output fetl between 1.1 anal 7.5 per cent of thetotal industriat output in Lg7?. (c) In 1981, anywhere beth,een 3 to 12 per cent of a selected group of14 minerals was claimed.for nilitary "orr"urpiion, rn the case of aluniniurn,!fen9r, nicker and pr.atinun, estrmated gtouil miritary consumption was grearer than the dernand for these minerar.s for arr p,!.p"".r in Africa, Asia (incluaring china)and r€tln America conbined. The niritary consumptron of petroleun came crose to5 to 6 per cent of the total worlcl consuitption, this is close to one half of the entire consumpt ion by a1l the aevefoping' io.tri." f.*cfuding china). {9) World expenditure on military R and D constituted the largest singleobjective of scientific inquiry and de-velopnent. Estimated !o be in excess ot over$35 billion in 1980, rnilitary R and D accoi:nted for roughly one fourth of theentire world expenditure in,R and D for alt purposes. z1/ - ns compared with this,the h'orld nilltarv R and D 20 years earrier ias $:.e, oor-mirl ion ii currenr pri.ces. (e) Over 70 nillion people are estinated to be directly or indirectly engagedin nilitary activities world-wide. This f j.gure Lncludes, inter alia, some25 niflion persons in the rjorldrs regular ained forces and, if to these eere addedthose in para-nilitary forces or reserves, the number night well be alnost tr.rice as high; approxinarely 4 nirlion civilians .rnpr"y.a in defence departnents r,rorld-wide,over 3 milrion scientists and engineers engaged in nirit.ary R and D worlar-'uide,with the scientists alone numbering over SOO,OOO; and at lease 5 nitlion rrort<ersdirectry engaged in the producti.on of ""uporr= and other specialized miliEaryequiFnent.
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the economic and industrial aspects of military activities, including the value of industrial production dedicated to military use, military expenditure, and research and development. It also touches on the human resources involved in military activities. Given the focus on economic and industrial aspects, it is likely that the text belongs to categories related to these fields.

**Category**
Industry, Science and technology