aware that Governments faced extremely difficult situations in civil conflicts involving several parties, as in Lebanon, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Liberia and Cambodia. 43. Reliance must be placed on the basic standards of humanitarian law, particularly the common article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Convention. Those basic standards were not addressed to Governments alone but to all parties to conflicts, both national and international. The 1949 Geneva Conventions were applicable to the territories occupied by Israel, and regrettable violations of those Conventions had occurred. 44. The conduct and practices of the Iraqi Government were also regrettable. There had been world-wide condemnation of the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. Iraq's violation of basic human rights and humanitarian law was of concern to the Sub-Commission. In particular, the holding of foreign nationals was contrary to the standards of international law. 45. It was one thing to condemn, however, and another to take preventive measures. The Secretary-General of the United Nations had been trying to develop theories and practices of preventive and anticipatory diplomacy. There was a parallel need for preventive diplomacy with respect to persistent violations of human rights, although there was more reluctance to apply it because the principles of non-intervention and sovereignty were at stake. However, preventive mechanisms should be made available expeditiously to prevent a conflict from deteriorating and leading to more human suffering and violations of human rights. Preventive policies should therefore become a constant matter of concern to human rights bodies. 46. The violation of economic, social and cultural rights was sometimes overlooked and greater stress laid on civil and political rights, but all human rights were indivisible. The forced removal, eviction or transfer of populations, often affecting the most disadvantaged sectors of society, had been carried out in many countries. The rights involved were the right to 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the importance of humanitarian law and the violation of human rights in various conflict zones, including the occupation of territories and the treatment of foreign nationals. It also touches on the concept of preventive diplomacy and the indivisibility of human rights. Given the focus on human rights, humanitarian law, and the protection of vulnerable populations, it is likely that the text falls under the category of humanitarian aid and relief, as well as human rights.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Human rights