theendof1989thepattern hadchanged andthecamppopulation nowcontains manypastoralists andnomads. Theirmobility presented majorproblems for publichealthmonitoring andmanagement. 1.8.4 Refugees fromsouthern Sudancontinued toarriveinthefourcamps inwestern Ethiopia throughout 1989atanaverage of4,400permonth. Inthe firstsixmonthsof1990,some21,76·1wereregistered, ofwhomsome8,000 arl'ived inItangduringthemonthofJune. TheAssosarefugee campwas overrun byarmedelements inJanuary 1990,resulting initbeingevacuated andmostofthe41,000refugees fleeing acrosstheborderintoSudan. Bythe endofJune,some20,500oftheserefugees hadarrived ataspecially arranged reception centreinItang,300kmtothesouth.Itwasexpected thatmoresuitable accommodation wouldeventually befoundfortherefugees, probably withintheGambella region. BytheendofJune1990,theSudanese refugee population inthewestern regionnumbered 378,922, ofwhom247,143 wereinItang,76,204inFugnido, 35,075inDimma, and20,500former Assosa refugees temporarily inItang. Although themajority oftheserefugees were males(70percent),thenumberoffemales amongthenewarrivals was considerably higherthaninprevious years. InFugnido andDimma,the population wascomposed predominantly ofunaccompanied adolescent males. Mostoftheserefugees, traditionally semi-nomadic pa~toralists, nowreside inthesedentary conditions dictated bycamplife......A/AC.96/751(Part I) page34 1.8.5 Attheendof1989,therewere369urbanrefugees ofvarious origins intheAddisAbabaarea.Duringtheyear,some85urbanrefugees wereresettled inthirdcountries while20repatriated voluntarily tothe Sudan. Majordeyelos-opts ADdachievements in1989andthefirstguarter of1990 1.8.6 UNHCR'sassistance programme inEthiopia was:'aevere1y affected in 1989bythefinancial crisisconfronting theorganisation, causing delaysin, orpostponement of,important assistance activities forbothSudanese and Somalirefugees. Thisadversely affected theconstruction ofadditional schools andclinics aswellasthepayment ofthetransport costsoffoodand non-food itemsandtheoperational expenses ofimplementing partners. UNHCR's ability torespond totheemergency needsofnewarrivals, especially ineastern Ethiopia wasalsoseriously impaired. 1.8.7 Despite the fi~ancia1 constraints, significant progress wasmadein several areas. InthecampsforSudanese refugees, thelogistics systemfor delivery offoodandnon-food itemsaswellashealthservices wasimproved, thequality andquantity olpotable waterwasincreased, nutritional status stabilized, andstorage capacity wasexpanded. InthecampsforSomali refugees, thebasicneedsoftherefugees couldbebetter metasaresultof theclosure oftheHarshin campandthemovement ofthepopulation to Hartisheik B,there-registration oftheSomalirefugee population, the introduction ofanewfooddistribution systemandtheinstitutionalization ofasupplementary feeding programme forallvulnerable groups. Themost significant measure ofprogress wasthedegreetowhichthehealthstatusof theSomalirefugees improved; malnutrition wasreduced from15percentin mid-1989 to8.5percentinMay1990.Inaddition, workwasinprogress, following adonation received forthepurpose fromonedonor,tofurther increase thestorage capacity inthecampsforSomaliandSudanese refugees. 1.8.8 InDecember 1989,aUNHCRevaluation mission toeastern Ethiopia reviewed theemergency response andtheassistance programme. Itsprincipal recommend-~tions, summarized inparagraphs 3and4ofdocument A/AC.96/757, havebeenimplemented. Aconsultant epidemiologist fromtheCentrefor Disease Control iutheUnitedStates, concluded, afterathree-week field study,thatsignificant andsustained improvement inthehealthand nutritional stat~softherefugees hadbeenachieved in1989.Several recommendations toresolve outstanding problems howeverstillhadtobe implemented, SUbject totheavailability ofresources. 1.8.9 Therewerefewactivitie~ designed specifically forrefugee women. Ontheotherhand,womenweretheprincipal beneficiaries oftheimproved quality andquantity ofpotable water,health-care services andsupplementary feeding programmes. Another adverse consequence ofUNHCR's financial crisis wasthatspecific activities forspecial targetgroups werenotfunded, since
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a report on the humanitarian situation and refugee crisis in Ethiopia in 1989 and 1990. It discusses the challenges faced by refugees, including public health monitoring and management, and the efforts of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to provide assistance. The text also touches on the impact of UNHCR's financial crisis on its ability to respond to the emergency needs of refugees.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Health