large need o" fallouL shellers vhich, however, coul-d be produced nore easily and more cheaply than blast shelters. Even in non-belligerent countries, problens rr-ighl be Fosed by falloul from exllosicns elseuhere in the r,rorl-d. After negaton surface bursts and in unfavourable \^/eather conditions, outdoor doses J-arge enough ro cause acule radiaticn injuries could occur up to about 1,O00 kn. fron the targeted areas. I-onq-t,erm survival and recove.ry 212. After a Duc.lear attack (and to sone ext ent after fa]-lout contamination nrirri'rai.inp fr^."r Ar F+.+a.k pl c,-"h^re) dorneqt.ie nt-oduction and diStribution of vaxious conmodlties would be disturbed and international trade disrupted.. Among the most importart factors would be those related to food, energy, medical suppliest clothing a:rcr ;rovisional housinL. Crisis stockpiling of basic supplies voul-d be ,n irn^v+.qrr. nra.Frt inn for dea'l inp. with these dir"inrr'lties durinn the first days or veelts. However, distrilution problens could. quickly become critical. 273. The most urgent problem r,rould be to ensure the continuous producti.on of food. This producrion r0ay have to be indeoenclent of imr,orted. goods, which could cause particular difficulties in countries lrhere agriculture vas highly mechanized. Fallout would^ have taken a tol-1 of the livestock, partly because of difficulties to tend the aninals _oroperly and partl-y as a consequence of radiation injuries to them. -An additional difficulty would be that some farx aJrd. and pastures might have been rendered useless for vears due to radioactive contamination. 2T\. The super-Povers have reportedly hefd discussions at the national 1eve1 regarding systernatic protection of the industrial base through hardening and dispersion, l:ardening uou-Ld mean Frotection of the buildings and r'tachines up to a certain -Ievel of overpressure. Significant increase in hardness is particularly difficult for sone indusLries, such as oil refineries, Dispcrsion is more expensive and could evidently come abour only as a result of long-range planning.
**Analysis**
The text discusses the potential consequences of a nuclear attack, including the disruption of food production, distribution of essential goods, and the impact on industries such as agriculture, energy, and medical supplies. It highlights the challenges of ensuring the continuous production of food, particularly in countries with highly mechanized agriculture, and the need for crisis stockpiling of basic supplies. The text also touches on the importance of protecting the industrial base through hardening and dispersion.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Industry, Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Health