(GNP) concept to derive a measurement of economic welfare or net national welfare, although the problems of imputation and of identifying welfare and non-welfare components remained. 20. An approach attempted in Japan in recent years to overcome the problem of weighting was to subject the results of surveys of values, perceptions and preferences of residents concerning living conditions to factor analysis. This approach was found to have political appeal, but it was questioned whether it was appropriate to regard the res­ ponses of ordinary citizens as normative social values and goals. 21. Although there was a need for socio-economic models for de­ velopment planning, little progress had been made thus far. Having statistical contents of social indicators would facilitate the testing of models that had been formulated and contribute to the advancement of theories pertaining to social progress, transformation, and develop­ ment: Despite the lack of fully adequate theories of social development, social indicators could be used with existing theories of development. 22. Based on the preceding examination of the definitions and de­ velopment of social indicators, a number of limitations to the use of social indicators were identified. Of those difficulties the following were highlighted: the translation of national goals and objectives in to a set of a few well-chosen indicators, measurement of social well-being, evaluation of the effectiveness of social policies and programmes, com­ munication gaps between policy-makers and experts (or among experts) 6 and the monitoring of social progress. Those shortcomings resulted from the lack of theories on social progress and development and the lack of methodologies for devising indicators of social and individual well­ being. However, conscientious application and use of social indicators would provide a useful tool (with the limitations mentioned above) to planners, policy-makers and researchers in their efforts to improve the living conditions of mankind. C. ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the concept of social indicators and their limitations in measuring economic welfare, social well-being, and monitoring social progress. It highlights the challenges in developing and using social indicators, including the lack of theories on social progress and development, and the need for methodologies to devise indicators of social and individual well-being. The text also mentions the potential benefits of using social indicators in development planning.

**Category**
Economic development, Health, Education