andpractices anddebt. Othertradeanddevelopment issueswillinclude commodity dependence, debtmanagement, improvement oftheexportpotential oftraditional and non-traditional products andthedevelopment andstrengthening ofthetechnological base. 15.15 Support willbeprovided fortechnical co-operation activities, with emphasis on:resource management; thestrengthening oftheeconomic planning and implementation capability inproduction oftheleastdeveloped countries, intrade andotherrelated sectors; and,inco-operation withtheInternational TradeCentre UNCTAD/GATT, policies topromote tradeandexpansion ofproduction facilities of leastdeveloped countries forexport andforimproving theircapacity tobenefit fromexisting preferential arrangements intheirfavour. SUBPROGRAMME 2.LAND-LOCKED ANDISLAND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ANDSPECIAL PROGRAMMES (a)Objectives 15.16 Withregardtoland-locked andislanddeveloping countries, thelegislative authority derives fromGeneral Assembly resolutions 42/174, 42/175, 43/189 and 44/214; UNCTADresolutions 123(V),137(VI),138(VI);andtheFinalActofthe seventh session ofUNCTAD, paragraph 142. -5- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Libraryp 15.17 Inthecaseeftheland-locked developing countries, thereisaneedto reducetransit transport costsandtoimprove thequality, efficiency and reliability oftransittransport services, takingintoaccount therequirements and meansofboththeland-locked countries andtheirtransit neighbours. Regarding theislanddeveloping countries, theireconomies arevulnerable totheadverse consequences oftheirspecific situation, arising fromgeographic, climatic and .otherfactors. 15.18Withregardtoland-locked developing countries, theobjectives willbe: (a)Tointensify effective co-operation andcollaboration between land-locked countries andtheirtransit neighbours; (c)Tomobilize financial andtechnical assistance fromthe,international community fortheimprovement oftransit infrastructure inland-locked countries andtheirtransit neighbours; (d)Toseekassistance fortherehabilitation andpreventive maintenance of transit transport facilities inland-locked countries andtheirtransit neighbours, including theprovision ofspareparts,toolsandbuilding materials; (e)Tosupportactionintheassessment ofthepotential forrestructuring theeconomies ofland-locked countries; (f)Topromote implementation ofinternational conventions ontransit trade. 15.19 Withregardtoislanddeveloping countries, thf:objectives willbe: (a)Tointensify co-operation ininter-island shipping, airand telecommunication services, including collective importoperations; (b)Tomobilize financial andtechnical assistance toislanddeveloping countries inordertoenablethefullexploitation oftheirmarine andsUb-marine resources, including development oftheirfishing industry; (c)Tointensify efforts toraisetheflowofresources fromthe international community forovercoming thegeographical andotherdisadvantages of islanddeveloping countries; (d)Tosupportefforts atregional co-operation andintegration. (b)Courseofactionofthesecretariat 15.20 TheUNCTADsecretariat activities forassisting land-locked developing countries willinclude: (a)Preparation ofresearch studies andprovision ofup-to-date information onthetransit transport situation ofland-locked developing countries; -6- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(b)Formulation ofproposals fornational andinternational policyactionto improve thetransit transport situation ofland-locked developing countries; (c)Provision ofsupport tointergovernmental consultations andnegotiations. 15.21 Workwillfocusonassessments ofthepotential forrestructuring the economies ofland-locked countries through thepromotion ofimportsubstitution industries producing high-bulk, low-value products anddeveloping high-value, low-bulk products forexport. Reports containing areviewofprogress inthe
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing development strategies for least developed countries, with a focus on improving their economic situation, trade, and infrastructure. It specifically highlights the challenges faced by land-locked and island developing countries, such as transit transport costs and geographical disadvantages. The text also mentions the importance of cooperation, technical assistance, and policy action to address these challenges.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade, Transport and communication