F.Estimated withholdings frompeace-keeping activities 27.AnnexV Bdetails theestimated withholdings by~Statesfrom assessed Peace-keeping activities. Asshowntherein, 13!-EmberStateshave beenwithb:>lding payments toUNEF(1973)andUNOOF,and21~Statesto UNIFIL. TheirCUIIIl1ative withholdings, projected to31DeceIIber 1990, a:IJX)mtto$7.5million withrespecttoUNEFandUNOOFandto$186.9million withrespecttoUNIFIL. Thesewithholdings donotinclude $36million and $19.6million intmpaidassessed contributions forUNEF/UNOOF andUNIFIL respecti velyfortheperiods ended31December 1981;thesaidarrounts were transferred toaspecial account tmdertheprovisions ofGeneral Assembly resolution 36/116Aof10December 1981. G.Voluntary oontributions received from~States 28.TheUnitedNaticns Special Account wasestablished PUrsuant toGeneral Assembly resolution 2053A(}Q{)of15December 1%5toreoordtheresults of the8ecreta.ry-General 'sapPealtotheGoverrunents of"allMemberStatesto makevoluntary contributions sothatthefinancial difficulties ofthe organization maybesolvedandthefuturemaybefacedwithrenewed hopeand confidence". ByGeneral Assembly resolution 3049A(XXVII)of /... Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryA/C.5/45/l7 English Page10 19J:ecember 1972,theSecretary-General wasrequested toestablish aspecial account intowhich"voluntary contributions maybe,:paidandusedforthe purpose ofclearing upthepastfinancial difficulties oftheUnitedNations andeSPeCially forresolving theshort-term deficit oftheorganization". 29.Nonewcontributions totheSpecial Account havebeenreceived in 1990.Asindicated inparagraph 10,theSpecial Account hasha.dtobeused tosupplement the\\brking Capital Fundtomeettheday-to-day cashneedsof theOrganization, apurpose forwhichitwasnotintended. Thestatusof thisaccountisshowninannexVItothepresent report. H.Cash-flCM situation 30.AnnexVIIsrowstheGeneral FundcashflawfromJanuary 1986totheend ofDecember 1990.Thefigures provided onincaneareactualthrough September 1990,andestimated forthenextthreenonths. Thefigures on disbursements areactualthrough August1990andestimated fromSeptember to December 1990.Further infornation onthissubjectwillbeprovided inthe 8ecretary-Genera 1,srep:>rtonthecurrent financial crisisoftheUnited N:l.tionslaterintheforty-fifth session. I.Increase inthe\\brking CapitalFund 31.The\\brking Capital Fundwasestablished in1946forthepurpose of providing sufficient liquidity toenablethe8ecretary-General toadvance fromitsuchsumsasmightbenecessary tofinance budgetary appropriations, pending thereceipt ofcontributions. Itwasalsomeanttocover canmitments whichmightbedulyauthorized undertheprovisions ofthe resolutions adopted bytheGeneral Assembly tomeetunforeseen and extraordinary expenses oftheorganization. Theestablishment ofthe \'brking Capital Fundwasbasedonareca:nmendation ofthePreparatory Commission oftheUnitedNations, whichstated, interalia,that"a\'brking CapitalFundsoouldformanessential feature ofthePermanent financial arrangements oftheOrganization inordertoensuremeansforfinancing various contingencies." Y 32.Inviewofthechronic cash-flow difficulties relatedtoregular budget requirements, aswellastheincreased demandforcashtofinance the start-up costsofnewpeace-keeping operations, thesecretary-General continues tobelieve thatitisessential toincrease thevorking Capital Fundfromitspresent levelof$100milliontoalevelofnotlessthan $200million. 33.In,:paragraphs 28to39ofhisreporttotheforty-fourth session ofthe General Assembly onthefinancial emergency oftheUnitedNaticns, 1/the secretary-General described theconsiderations which,inthepast,'Fadbeen deemedrelevant inestablishing theleveloftheWJrking Capital Fundand provided thereasons forhisproposal thattheWJrking Capital Fundshould beincreased tonotlessthan$200million. Healsooutlined anumberof options forfinancing theincrease. /...A/C.5/45/l7 English Page10 19J:ecember 1972,theSecretary-General wasrequested toestablish aspecial account intowhich"voluntary contributions maybe,:paidandusedforthe purpose ofclearing upthepastfinancial difficulties oftheUnitedNations andeSPeCially forresolving theshort-term deficit oftheorganization". 29.Nonewcontributions totheSpecial Account havebeenreceived in 1990.Asindicated inparagraph 10,theSpecial Account hasha.dtobeused tosupplement the\\brking Capital Fundtomeettheday-to-day cashneedsof
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the financial situation and funding of the United Nations, specifically the Peace-keeping activities, the Special Account, and the Working Capital Fund. It highlights the need for increased funding to address cash-flow difficulties and finance the start-up costs of new peace-keeping operations.

**Category**
International relations, Humanitarian aid and relief