Toreachaconsensus textalwaysrequires compromise andflexibility, andat thesametimeanavoidance ofthesacrifice ofprinciples ortheburying offacts. Aboveall,thetextshouldberelevant toandsupportive oftheprocess thatis unfolding insideSouthAfrica. IamproudtosaythatthetextbeforetheAssembly hasachieved thoseobjectives. Iverymuchhope,thelefore, thatthespiritof co-operation experienced overthepastfewdayswillallowtheadoption ofthe draftresolution beforeusbyconsensus. Thedraftresolution takesasaframework andastarting-point thehistoric consensus Declaration adoptedlastDecember andev~nusesidentical language tothe extentpossible. Thefirstpreambu1ar paragraphs ~ecalltheDeclaration andthe request contained inittotheSouthAfrican regimetotakeanumberofstepsto createaclimate suitable fornegotiations andthecallontheinternational Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryEMS/4 A/44/PV.lOO 7 (Mr.Gambari, Chairman, Special Committee against Apartheid) community nottorelaxexisting measures untilthereisclearevidence ofprofound a~dirreversible changes inSouthAfrica. Thefourthpreambular paragraph notesthatMembers oftheUnitedNations and theinternational community havegenerally adhered totheprogramme ofaction contained intheDeclaration; atthesametimeitexpresses concernatdepartures thathaveoccurred fromtheinternational consensus reflected intheDeclaration. Asmembers willrecall, paragraph 10oftheDeclaration requests the Secretary-General ~osubmittotheAssembly areportontheprogress madeinthe implementation oftheDeclaration. Thatreport, whichformedthebasisofour discussions overthepastthreedays,contains theobservations ofthe Secretary-General andthedetailed findings ofthemission hedispatched lastJune toSouthAfrica, aswellasreplies ofMemb~rStates, ofwhichtheAssembly has takencareful note.Thefifthpreambular paragraph mentions this,and.welcomes the contribution theSecretary-General hasmadeonthesubject. Thedraftresolution alsotakesnoteofthereport(A/44/963) oftheMonitoring GroupoftheAdHoc Committee onSouthern AfricaoftheOrganization ofAfrican Unity,aswellasof otherstatements andreports fromMemberStatesandregional groupsontheissue. Theeighthpreambular paragraph takesnoteofthedeclared commitment ofthe Goverl~ent ofMr.DeKlerktoabolish apartheid andofthenumberofsignificant measures intherightdirection thathavebeentakenbytheregime;itsuggests thatcontinued efforts areneededtoestablish aclimate fullyconducive to negotiations andfreepolitical activity. Theongoing talksbetween theAfrican National Congress ofSouthAfrica (ANC)andtheSouthAfrican regimeaimedat eliminating obstacles tothebeginning ofsubstantive negotiations, andtheresults achieved sofarinthemeetings inCapeTownanaPretoria, arewelcomed inthe ninthpreambular paragraph. Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryEMS/4 A/44/PV.IOO 8 (Mr.Gambari, Chairman, Special Committee against Apartheid) Finally, thetenthpreambular paragraph expresses theAssembly's graveconcern attheescalating violence resulting largely fromthecontinued e¥istence ofthe apartheid policies, practice~ andstructures andfromtheactions ofthoseopposed tothedemocratic transformation ofSouthAfrica. Indeed, thewaveofviolence thathasinrecenttimesbecomealmostadailyoccurrence inSouthAfricawasa subject raised b~allthespeakers inthisdebateandaboutwhichthe Secretary-General himself hasexpressed hisdeepanguish anddeepconcern. ~heoperativa paragraphs reaffirm theneedforthefullandimmediate implementation oftheDeclaration anddeclare thatfurther stepsneedtobe undertaken bytheSouthAfrican regimeinordertoirnp:ement theprofound and irreversible changes calledforintheDeclaration. Paragraph 3callsuponallGovernments andintergovernmental.organizations to adherestrictly totheprogramme ofactionandtomaintain existing measures aimed atencouraging theregimetoeradicate apartheid. Inparagraph 4Pretoria iscalledupontoproceed without delaytoestablish a climate fullyconducive tonegotiations bytakingallthestepsmentioned inthe Declaration andinthelightofitscommitment torepealalllegislation designed tocircumscribe political activity. Inparagraph 5thedraftresolution callsforanimmediate endtoviolence and urgestheSouthAfrican authorities totakeurgentactiontoendit.Concern over activities ofelements ofthesecurity forcesregarding theinstigation and treatment ofviolence isreflected inthatparagraph initscalluponSouthAfrica
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a diplomatic document discussing the situation in South Africa, specifically the apartheid regime and the efforts to promote negotiations and democratic transformation. It mentions the historic consensus Declaration, reports from the Secretary-General and other organizations, and the ongoing talks between the African National Congress and the South African regime. The language used is formal and diplomatic, indicating that the text is likely a report or resolution from the United Nations. The main focus of the text is on the political situation in South Africa and the efforts to promote peace and democracy.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, International trade