otherStates. Taiwan, province ofChina, HongKong,theUnited Kingdom, Turkey, Switzerland, Spain,Portugal, Belgium/Luxembourg andFranceallshowedsignificant increases intrade. 266.Agraveconcern totheinternational community should bethemanyreported violations ofthema~datory armsembargo, whichallowPI:etoria b,pursueits armaments production andtoincrease itsexportofarmaments through third-party States. Inthisrespect, themostserious violations werereported inChile, Turkey andtheFederal Republic ofGermany. Inthesamevein,thecontinued collaboration oftheGovernment ofIsraelwithSouthAfricaisproviding missile technology thatisassisting theregimeindeveloping amissile delivery capability. 267.Whilethedisinvestment campaign hassucceeded fromthepoi.ntofviewof cutting offnewinvestment capital toSouthAfrica, themodeofdisinvestment used bythemajority oftransnational corporations continues toprovi.de t.hedomestic SouthAfrican companies withinvaluable accesstotechnology, managerial know-how andforeign markets. Itisdisquieting thattherateofdisinvestment fromSouth Africafellin1988compared totheprevious year. Theretention ofnon-equity linksbymorethanhalfofthedisinvesting companies allows aflowoflicensing andfranchise feestothetransnational corporations aswellastechnology and otherskillstoSouthAfrican companies. Non-racial tradeunionsinSouthAfrica havedeveJoped guidelines forafairdisinvestment procedure thatprovide for advance notice, adisclosure-of-sale agreement andnegotiations between transnational corporations andtherelevant tradeuniononthetelmsof disinvestment. 268.AstheCommonwealth Committee ofForeign Ministers onSouthel·n Africa concluded, financial sanctions areoneofthemosteffective formsofpres'ureon Pretoria. Withanestimated $8.5billion dueforrepayment inJune1990,themost important economic constraint facingPretoria istheneedtoreschedule payment of itsforeign debt,givenitsreduced accesstointernational capital markets andits morethan$1.2billion losses onforeign exchange. Sinceshort-term tradecredits, whicharestillprovided byseveral States, servetoeasetheforeign exchange constraints ofSouthAfrica, thetermsoftherepayment ofthedebtnelttyear assumecritical importance. Thetransnational banksshouldrequire t.henormalfull payment oftheoutstanding debtinJune1990.Rescheduling willbecOllstrued asa signofconfidence ofthebanksinthefinancial andpolitical stability ofSouth Africa andcouldbeinterpreted asanendorsement ofthe~parthejd regime. 269.TheSpecial Committee considers thatinordertoachieve maximum effectiveness sanctions shouldbemandatory andcomprehensive. Pending appro!:,l"iate action bythe Security Council, further sanctions musttargetexplicitly themainareasof d~pendence andvulnerability oftheSouthAfrican economy. Sanctions mustbe adopted inunison andmustbestrictly monitored andenforced. TheCommittee believes thattargetep measures couldhaveasignificant. impact onSouthAfrica by increasing theeconomic hardship onthewhiteconstituency anclstrnctnres that -67-support'plrtbeid. Thisgrowing hardship couldhelppercuade theregimetocreate aclimate conducive tonegotiations. 270.AacorcUngly, thetargeted measures shouldinclude. non-l'eGuhedulill9 ofdebt plyment, aprohibition byallStatesofnewloansandinveatment of:anysortto SouthAfrica, abanontheimportation ofallSouthAfrican agricultural products, abanontheimportation ofallnon-stratvgic SouthAfrican minerals, including coal,gold,basemetals, ironore, urani~l andnon-metallic mineralsl arestriction 0"tradecredits forsalestoSouthAfrica, including bothbuyera' andsuppliers' credits, abanonthetransfer oftechnology thatallowsSouthAfricatocircumvent current sanctions, inparticular inlheoreasofarms,oilandcomputers, a prohibition ofthesaleofIIIcomputers, aoftware andelectronit: and communications equipment, theimposition oftighter restrictions onth6re-export toSouthAfricaofstrategic goodsandtechnology, eith~rdirectly orincluded in otherproducts, andtheextension ofthebanonairlinkstoallStatesotherthan thoseintheSADCCregion. 271.ApowerfUl weaponagainst theregimewouldbetheimposition oramandatory oilembargo and,shortofthat,awidening andtightening ofthecurrer.t voluntary oilembargo. Asrecenteventsinsouthern Africahaveshown,themandatory arms
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the economic and political sanctions imposed on South Africa during the apartheid era. It mentions the impact of disinvestment, financial sanctions, and trade restrictions on the country's economy, as well as the need for more effective and comprehensive sanctions to pressure the government to negotiate. The text also touches on the issue of technology transfer and the role of international banks in the South African economy.

**Category**
International trade, Economic development