the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights itself. 2. The country has not during this period felt the need for a written constitution or a comprehensive bill of rights: the principle has been that the rights and freedoms recognized in other countries' constitutions are inherent in the British legal system and are protected by it and by Parliament unless they are removed or restricted by statute. The position has been summed up by the late Stanley de Smith, an eminent constitutional lawyer, in his statement that freedoms are not to be guaranteed by statements of general principle, that they are residual, and that for every wrongful encroachment on these liberties there is a legal remedy. 3. The rights and freedom protected in this way have at various times been reinforced by legislation to deal with specific problems as they have arisen. Examples include the abolition of slavery and the prohibitions on the exploitation of children in the 19th century; measures to protect freedom of expression while prohibiting extremist incitement to public disorder in the 1930s; and the Equal Opportunities legislation of the 1970s which dealt with discrimination on grounds of race or sex. Other measures from that period included legislation on industrial relations and trades unions, and on immigration from the Commonwealth, for example the Industrial Relations Act 1971, the Trade Unions and Labour Relations Act 1974, the Immigration Appeals Act 1969, and the Fair Employment (Northern Ireland) Act 1989, each of which incorporated statutory safeguards to protect individual rights and freedoms. Such measures typically provided for the formation of statutory bodies or tribunals with specific responsibilities for promoting good practice - for example, the Commission on Racial Equality and the Equal Opportunities Commission - or for hearing appeals (industrial tribunals, immigration appeals). 
**Analysis**
This text appears to be discussing the protection of individual rights and freedoms in a country, specifically in the context of the British legal system. It highlights the absence of a written constitution or comprehensive bill of rights, and instead emphasizes the protection of rights through legislation and the judicial system. The text also mentions specific examples of legislation aimed at protecting individual rights, such as equal opportunities and industrial relations legislation.

**Category**
Employment, Humanitarian aid and relief