.analysing andassessing theimplication ofnewadvances intechnologies ontheir development effort; (b)Tocontinue theformulation ofmeasures andmechanisms tomakethe process oftechnology transfer moreeffective inparticular thetransfer of pollution-control technologies, whichcouldpromote abetter management of environmental problems; (c)Tocontinue thepromotion ofregional co-operation amongthemember States, particularly intheutilization ofnewtechnologies. (b)Course ofactionofthesecretariat 34.104 Thesecretariat willpursuethefollowing activities underthesubprogramme: (a)Continuing toconduct in-depth studies andorganizing seminars andexpert groupmeetings toformulate appropriate technology policy recommendations; (b).Organizing ~raining courses forhighandmiddle ranking officials and personnel intheprivate sectors todevelop technological capabilities invarious aspects oftechnology policy, technology institutions, transfer anddevelopment of technology; (c)Promoting co-operation between ESCWAmemberStates byformulating project proposals forco-operation inscience andtechnology. Concrete caseswillbe identified withspecific mechanisms tosupport theco-operation process; (d)Mobilizing resources andsupport fortheimplementation ofco-operation projects intheapplication ofnewtechnologies; (e)Conducting studies andorganizing expertgroupmeetings inco-operation withotherconcerned UnitedNations organizations toassesstheimplication ofnew technological developments fortheregion; (f)Continuing todisseminate information anddistributing publications on technology tofilltheexisting knowledge gapintheregionregarding science and technology. -26- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibrarySUBPROGRAMME 12.SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ANDWELFARE (a)Qbjectiyes 34.105 Thelegislative authority forsUbprogramme 12derives fromGeneral Assembly resolutions 42/49,paragraphs 1to5;43/93, paragraphs 5,6,8to10,and15; 43/98,paragraphs 5,6and9;43/99,paragraphs 5to8;43/121, paragraphs 5and6; 44/55;44/56,paragraphs 8and12;44/57,paragraph 3;44/58,paragraph 2;44/59, paragraphs 1,4,and8;44/65,paragraphs 3and14(c); 44/66;44/67,paragraph 12; 44/70,paragraphs 7,9and13;44/72; 44/141, paragraphs 1to3(d);44/142; and 44/236, paragraphs 5and8oftheannex; Economic andSocialCouncil resolutions 1987/40, paragraph 5;1988/46, paragraphs 4and5;and1988/47, paragraphs 2to4: andCommission resolution 157(XIV),paragraphs 2and3. 34.106 Allthecountries oftheESCWAregion haveestablished socialprotection schemes andprogrammes infavourofspecial socialgroups, buttheseschemes and programmes varygreatly fromonecountry toanother andtheyhaveneverbeen subjected toanycritical comparative review. Thus,reasons forsuccess and failure inthefieldhaveneverbeenassessed. Moreover, owingtoadministrative andtechnical obstacles, thetendency toseparate thesocial andeconomic dimensions indevelopment projects oftenresults induplication ofefforts and wastage ofresources. Therefore, ESCWAmemberStates needqualitative and quantitative socialdataonthedimensions ofalternative develppmental approaches inordertoformulate soundpolicies andprog~ammes onsocialdevelopment. 34.107 Theobjectives ofthesubprogramme are: (a)Toundertake overall analysis oftheimpactofdevelopment trendsin furthering greater participation oftheentirepopulation inthedevelopment process; (b)Toassist, through thepromotion ofanintegrated approach tosocial development andwelfare andthestrengthening ofgovernmental machinery and intergovernmental co-operation, intheformulation andpromotion ofpolicies and strategies aimedatthefollowing: improving themonitoring ofsocial andhuman resources development; facilitating theintegration oflessadvantaged groups, such asthedisabled, theyoung,theelderly andtheruralpopulation inthedevelopment process; establishing comprehensive national socialwelfare systems; andensuring
**Analysis**
The text discusses the development efforts of the Economic Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) and its member states, focusing on two subprograms: one on technology transfer and development, and another on social development and welfare. The text highlights the importance of promoting regional cooperation, analyzing the impact of development trends, and formulating policies and strategies for social development and welfare. It seems that the text is more focused on the development of the region as a whole, rather than a specific sector or industry.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology, Health