design information? These are all difficult problems. But we think solutions have been found. The paper I am tabling today as CD/1012 describes the main lessons from a very extensive work programme. We discovered that: managed access is the key to a balance between the protection of legitimate security interests and the degree of intrusiveness necessary for effective verification; there is no United Kingdom site so sensitive from the national-security viewpoint that we could not allow some form of access within the site, appropriately managed, to an international inspection team under the provisions on challenge inspection of a chemical weapons convention. In short, the results of our research so far indicate that, as we say in English, "you can have your cake and eat it". But we also recognize that more practical research is needed. Managed access within the site provides the solution. It is a process of negotiation about how best to demonstrate compliance between inspectors and inspected, which gives the former the access they need and the latter the protection they require. It provides a wide spectrum of techniques. They range from simple shrouding to rigorous methods of protection. Our trials allowed us to develop new techniques. One of these, a system of selective access, is described in some detail in our paper. We found it useful in a number of potentially difficult situations. On the final form of challenge inspection, we think a challenge inspection regime should be capable of addressing any serious concerns about declared or undeclared facilities: there should be no sanctuary sites, safe from inspection. Challenge inspection should therefore be a regular element of the verification regime; it need not necessarily carry the assumption that the convention is being breached. For this reason, too, we should find a less 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the design of a verification regime for a chemical weapons convention, focusing on the balance between security interests and the need for effective verification. The language used is technical and specific, indicating a focus on scientific and technological issues. The concept of "managed access" and "challenge inspection" suggests a focus on monitoring and oversight.

**Category**
Science and technology