(e)Promote contacts andco-operation amongenterprises ofdeveloping countries andtheirorganizations, inparticular through co-operation among chambers ofcommerce andindustry andotherbusiness organizations, aswellas further promotion oftheroleofsmall- andmedium-sized enterprises inSouth-South trade. 13.49 Withregard tosubregional, regional andinterregional economic co-operation andintegration, theUNCTADsecretariat will: (a)Continue tomonitor developments andevolution inthedifferent economic integration groupings ofdeveloping countries; (b)Carryoutstudies onthemainproblems andissuesfacingtheeconomic integration movement ofdeveloping countries; (c)Assistthedeveloping countries intheimplementation ofstrategies for therevitalization andstrengthening oftheintegration process, including complementary measures totradeliberalization intheareasofmonetary and financial co-operation, agricultural andindustrial production, transport andother infrastructures, aswellasintheimplementation ofthesemeasures through appropriate institutional mechanisms, including national mechanisms forundertaking economic integration activities, andtheinvolvement ofpublic andprivate enterprises; (d)Continue toprovide technical support tosUbregional andregional economic integration groupings andtoco-operation amongeconomic integration groupings ofdeveloping countries, including through anewcomprehensive interregional project financed bytheUnitedNations Development Programme (UNDP), aimedatthepromotion ofco-operation amongeconomic integration ofdeveloping countries, subject toadecision bytheUNDPGoverning Council. 13.50Intheareaofmonetary andfinancial co-operation, theUNCTADsecretariat will: (a)Undertake research andanalyses on,andprovide technical co-operation for,thestrengthening ofpayments andclearing arrangements ofdeveloping countries; (b)Support theworkoftheCo-ordination Committee onMultilateral Payments Arrangements andMonetary Co-operation amongDeveloping Countries asanimportant meansforpromoting theeffectiveness ofpayments andclearing arrangements of developing countries; (c)Monitor andreviewfinancial flowsamongdeveloping countries and regional andsubregional capital markets indeveloping countries, andprovide substantive support toseminars onthemObilization ofdomestic resources among developing countries; -22- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(d)Assist developing countries inthestrengthening ofexisting mechanisms oftradefinancing andanyfollow-up, asappropriate, tothestudyundertaken in 1990ontheestablishment ofaninterregional mechanism forfinancing South-South tradeinnon-traditional exports. SUBPROGRAMME 8.MARITIME ANDMULTIMODAL TRANSPORT (a)Objectives 13.51 Thelegislative authority forthesubprogramme derives fromUNCTAD resolutions 106(V),119(V),120(V),121(V)and144(VI);TradeandDevelopment Boarddecisions 12(I)and169(XVIII): Committee onShipping resolutions 49(X), 58(XII), 59(XII), 60(XII), 51(XIII), 52(XIII): theConvention onaCodeof Conduct forLinerConferences; andresolution 1oftheAdHocIntergovernmental GrouponCo-operation amongDeveloping Countries inShipping, PortsandMultimodal Transport. 13.52 Theobjectives ofthesubprogramme willbe: (a)Toformulate andadoptpolicies atthegloballevelwithaviewto promoting thedevelopment ofmerchant marines ofdeveloping countries andto enabling thedeveloping countries toincrease theirparticipation inworld shipping; (b)Tobringaboutstructural changeininternational shipping where necessary, including achieving amorebalanced situation between supply anddemand inoceanshipping inordertopromote theorderly development oftheworldmerchant fleetandeffectively contribute totheexpansion ofworldtrade; (c)Topromote anequitable balance between theinterests ofshippers and shipowners; (d)Tofosterco-operation amongdeveloping countries inthefieldsof
**Analysis**
The text appears to focus on international economic cooperation, trade, and development, with a specific emphasis on promoting the participation of developing countries in global trade and economic integration. It also touches on the development of merchant marines and multimodal transport systems. Given the language and content, it seems likely that the text falls under the categories of economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade