Considering the new requirements to planning the development of science and technology, economic calculations and feasibility studies become highly Important as Integral estimates of the effectiveness of scientific-technical measures, which permits to utilize them as an effective tool for forming an economically grounded policy In the area of scientific-technical progress. Economic effectiveness: The general estimate of the effectiveness of scientific­ technical measures, comprised In the five-year plans, Is made by the value of the total economic effect of uti I lzlng achievements of science and engineering In the national economy. The annual economic effect Is the total economy at the level of manufacturers and consumers of new machinery of alI production resources ( labour, materials, capital Investments), which the national economy receives ~s a result of manufacturing and utilizing new machinery, and which, In the end, Is expressed as an Increase of the national Income. Thls Index Is specified Jn the five-year plan as a design one an4 It Is used for estimating the contribution of the branches, associations and enterprises to raising the effectiveness of social prod·uctlon, as well as selecting the most efflclen~ directions for the development of science and engineering. The Increment of profit (reduction of prime cost) from the manufacture and utilization of new machinery In the planned period Is the approved Index of economic effectiveness. In accordance with the "Methodology (basic principles). for "determining the economic effectiveness of utilizing new machinery, Inventions and rational lzatlon proposals In the national economy", approved by the USSR State Committee for Science and Tech~ology, USSR State P1annfng Committee, USSR Academy of Science and State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries on 14 February 1977, the planned Increment of profit from the manufacturing of new machinery Is determined by the following formula: P2 • CW2 • C2) A2-CW1 -C1) A2 where: 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the economic impact of scientific and technological advancements, focusing on the calculation of economic effectiveness and the increment of profit from the manufacturing and utilization of new machinery. This suggests that the text is primarily concerned with the economic development of a country, particularly in the context of planning and policy-making.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology