UNITED NATIONS K lvÇ p c ^ îa I ÿ Z \üdühcîr {fiDistr. GENERAL E/CN.4/Sub.2/1990/13 8 August 1990 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH/FRENCH/ RUSSIAN/SPANISH/ COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Forty-second session Item 5 (b) of the provisional agenda ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE ENJOYMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF POLITICAL, MILITARY, ECONOMIC AND OTHER FORMS OF ASSISTANCE GIVEN TO THE RACIST AND COLONIALIST REGIME OF SOUTH AFRICA ■Updated report prepared by Mr. Ahmad M. GE.90-12614/2237B CONTENTS Chapter I. BACKGROUND ...................................... I I. DISINVESTMENT TRENDS IN SOUTH AFRICA ......... A . Disinvestments and the state of the national economy .......................... B . Current trends in disinvestment ........... C . Mechanics of disinvestment ................ 1 . Total shut-down of operations: sales and representative offices and subsidiaries .......................... 2 . Reduction of direct investment ....... 3 . Sale of an ongoing operation ......... 4 . Non-equity links ...................... I II. SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY; SANCTIONS AND REACTIONS ...................................... A . Structural weaknesses of the apartheid economy ....................... ............ B . Measures undertaken by the Government of South Africa to counter sanctions ........ 1 . Debt moratorium and rescheduling ..... 2 . Dual exchange rate system ............. 3 . Circumventing trade sanctions and obligatory counter-purchase ........... 4 . Structural adjustment ................. C . Shortcomings in the measures adopted by foreign Goveznments ....................... 52-60 1 41 - 1 1 1 12 - 27 3 12 - 14 3 15 - 17 4 18 - 27 5 19 5 20 6 21 - 25 6 26 - 27 8 28 - 60 9 28 - 36 9 37 - 51 11 37 - 42 11 43 - 44 12 45 - 46 12 47 - 51 13 CONTENTS Chapter Paragraphs Page
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a report on the economic consequences of sanctions against South Africa, specifically focusing on the impact of disinvestment and economic measures taken by the South African government to counter these sanctions. The report seems to be discussing the economic development and international trade aspects of the situation.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade