reductions relati,'~ toobjectively assessed needswasparticv.larly severe. Thesecountries areunabletoabsorbtheextraburden, andmaynotevenbein aposition toprovide adequate services totheirownnationals. Reduced budgets, allowing littleornoprovision forunforeseen extra"eeds,have provedill-adapted to~rogrammes withmajorinherent constraints and variables resulting f~omsuchfactors aslogistic difficulties andlackof natural resources. Financial support hasalsonotbeenforthcoming for development projects thatwouldbothlighten theburden onnationals and promote solutions. 1.0.4 Theeconomic andsocialpressures engendered byashortfall in financial support havehadanevident impactonattitudes toasylumand protection. African governments havecontinued tooffergenerous asylumto refugees, buttheirincreased burdenbrought difficulties inmaintaining past liberal practices. Duringthereporting period, themajorprotection problems wereonceagainlargely theresultofabreakd~~ inthe arrangements toensurerespect ofthestrictly humanitarian andcivilian natureofsomerefugee campsandsettlements. Theseandsomecasesof refoulement were b~ought totheattention oftheauthorities concerned. Positive developments relevant totheprotection ofrefugees duringthe reporting periodincluded theexemplary provisions onasylumcontained inthe newlypromUlgated Namibian constitution andthatcountry's declar,ltion of accession totheinternational instruments onrefugees aswellastheworkof suchbodiesastheAfrican Commission onHumanandPeople's RightsandtheI 1A/AC.96/751(Part I) page2 adoption oftheAfrican Charter forpopular Participation i~Developmenl and Transformation. Theseandanumberofotherinitiatives alsoaddressed, at leastindirectly, thepreventive actionessential toremovetheneedtoseek asylum andprotection inanother country. 1.0.5 Developments inwestAfricaaddedanewfocusofattention for UNRCR. Assistance tothesome50,000Mauritanian refugees whoarrived in n~rthern Senegal inthesecondquarter of19S9wasconsolidated andfocused onpromoting theirself-sufficiency. Emergency assistance wasmobilized for some150,000 Liberian refugees whosought ~syluminCote d'Ivoi~e andthe Republic ofGuineasincetheendof19S9.Thslongsupplylines, particularly through Guinea, andcontinuing influxes madetheoperation both difficult andexpensive. 1.0.6 Thenumberofrefugees intheHornofAfricaandtheSudan, anethe complexity andinter-relationship oftheprobl~ms there,madethisareaa continuing focusofUNRCR's attention androsources. Themostimmediate concern waswhether eventsinnorthern Ethi~pia wouldleadtoanewexodus intoeastern Sudan. Limited contingency planning wasundertaken ~utno significant influxhadoccurred bymid-1990, thoughsome15,000newarrivals werereported inthefirstfivemonthsoftheyear. Some30,000Sudanese refugees arrived inwestern Ethiopia in19S9,buttheinfluxhasslowedin 1990. Armedconflict intheregionofAssosainJanuary 1990resulted inthe flightofthesome41,000refugees fromTsorecamp. BytheendofMay1990, SOR.S20,000ex-residents ofthiscamphadarrived i!ltheotherthreewestern camps,raising thenumberofSudanese refugees thereto370,000. This programme wasstabilized, butremained vulnerable totheproblems causedby theremotelocation anddifficult supplylinestothecamps. Afurther 20,000Sudanese refugees sought asyl~innorthern Ugandainthesecondhalf of19S9,bringing theirtotalthereto54,000. Some30,000 Sudanes~ refugees sought asyluminHautZaireinthefirstquarter of1990.Theirneedshave beenassessed andanem~rgency operation started. 1.0.1 Thesituation oftneover350,000 Somalirefugees ineastern Ethiopia improved, butstillremained precarious because oftheirisolated location andthelackoflocalresources, particularly forshelter andground water. Prospects fortheachievement ofanysignificant levelof self-sufficiency fortheserefugees remainveryslight. Notonlywilla difficult andcostlycare-and-maintenance operation continue tobenecessary untilconditions 'allowvoluntary repatriation, butthepolitical andsocial problems inherent inthesituation willincrease. Over30,000Somalis sought refugeinDjibouti.
**Analysis**
The text appears to be focused on the humanitarian aid and relief efforts in various regions, including Africa, particularly in refugee camps and settlements. The discussion revolves around the challenges faced by governments and organizations in providing adequate services and support to refugees, as well as the economic and social pressures resulting from a lack of financial support. The text also highlights specific initiatives and programs aimed at addressing the needs of refugees and promoting their self-sufficiency.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief