students, free school textbooks, availability of scholarships as well as exemptions and other financial assistance to students; - the existence of a unified public education system and the continuity of all types of educational institutions, which allow progress from lower to higher levels of education; - the unity of education and communist upbringing; - contact between upbringing and education of the young generation, and life and the practical aspects of the construction of communism; - coeducational teaching, etc. Budget expenditure on socio-cultural programs and study in 1980 was 98.8 billion roubles, and in 1981 - 103.6 billion roubles. In the USSR, universal education up to secondary level is compulsory for both men and women. All educational institutions in the country are coeducational, and both boys and girls follow the same programs of study. The percentage of women among the students of higher educational institutions in 1980 was 52.2%, and in secondary special educational institutions - 56.9%. Equality of men and women in all spheres of social and political activity, including access to education, has reduced the gap between the educational level of men and women with secondary and tertiary education both in the country as a whole and in all the Union republics. 840 women per thousand, and 851 men per thousand employed in the national economy, have secondary or tertiary (completed or uncompleted) education; 59% of specialists with tertiary and specialist secondary education are women. Thus the equality of men and women in the sphere of education has become a reality in the USSR. The existence of equal opportunities in education and work place has resulted in the wide participation of women in scientific work. 40% of, all scientific workers in the country are women. In conditions of scientific and technical progress, the increase in proportion of women-engineers has 
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the Soviet Union's education system, including its accessibility, coeducational nature, and the participation of women in education and scientific work. While it mentions budget expenditure, it is not focused on economic development or industry. It does not touch on natural resources, agriculture, forestry, fishing, transport, communication, international trade, humanitarian aid, or culture.

**Category**
Education, Employment