Economy group 19801985 1986 19871988-1990 1985-1990 World 4.0 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 Developed market economies 3.5 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.1 2.9 USSRandEastern Europe!/ 4.0 4.03.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 Chinay 5.312/6.97.2 6.9 6.0 6.4 Developing countries 5.0 3.63.5 4.3 4.7 4.3 Africa 4.4 3.12.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 EastandSouthAsia 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.5 westAsia 4.0 3.03.2 3.8 4.6 4.2 LatinAmerica 5.2 2.82.7 4.3 4.3 3.9 Oil-exporting countries 3.03.1 4.0 4.5 3.9 Non-oil exporting countries ... 3.84.1 4.8 4.8 4.6 Source. Department ofInternational Economic andSocialAffairs oftheUnited Nations Secretariat, basedonprojections frominternational sources, particularly thoseofProject LINK(asofApril1985). ~/Growthratesofnetmaterial product (NMP). 21Fortheperiod 1978-1981.A/40/519 English page10 14.Thecentrally planned economies ofEastern Europehaveimproved external balances andareshowing strongperformances intheindustrial sector. Economic growthhasbeengaining momentum withgrowthratesfornetmaterial product (NMP) steadying ataround4.0percentperannum. Therearegoodprospects forcontinued growthattheseratesalthough insomeEastern European countries, debtburdens and external balance constraints willcontinue tobefeltforyearstocome. 15.Theprojected long-term growthratefordeveloped marketeconomies isbelow the4percentperannumexpectation onwhichtheInternational Development strategy isbased,whilethe4.25percentrealgrowthperyearthatisprojected fordeveloping countries fortheremainder ofthedecadeismuchlowerthanthe International Development Strategy targetof7percent.Moreover, the4.5per centrealgrowthrateprojected forthe1990sisasignificant downward revision of projections madeduringthepastfewyears. Growthprospects fordeveloping countries areconstrained notonlybythelowerOECDgrowth, butalsobyweak commodity pricesandreduced levelsofexportearnings, Severecutbacks inexternal aidandcapital flows,increasing protectionism, andarisingdebtburden. These factors havebeenaggravated insomecasesbyinappropriate domestic policies as well. 16.Thecurrent situation andprospects indeveloping countries varyamongcountry groupsandregions. InLatinAmerica andtheCaribbean, therisingdebt-service burdenandthepackage ofausterity programmes accounted forthesharpeconomic contraction andthedecline ofpercapita incomeinthefirsthalfofthe1980s. Atpresent thestrong.dollar andtherecovery intheunitedStateshavestimulated exports, andtheadverse effects ofausterity programmes canbeexpected toabate, butthedebtburdens willremain, projections forLatinAmerica areforabout 4percentrealgrowthfortherestofthedecadeand4.5to5percentduringthe 1990s. Economic problems inAfricahavebeentheresultofmanyfactors, including weakworlddemandforprimary commodities, deterioration inthecommodity termsof trade,reduced external aidandcapital inflows, andthreeconsecutive yearsof severe drought. Evenifharvests impr~ve rapidly, projections oflessthan 3percentrealgrowthintheaggregate indicate thateconomic growthpercapitain Africacanbeexpected toremainnearzeroornegative, onaverage, through the year2000. 17.Thedecline inWestAsiandomestic product, inbothaggregate andpercapita terms,duringtheperiod1981-1983, wasduemainlytothedrastic decline inoil exports andtotheprolonged military conflict between theIslamic Republic ofIran andIraq.Realgrowthisprojected torecover toabout4percentintheperiod 1985-1990 andtoover4.5percentduringthe1990s. SouthandEastAsiaarethe onlydeveloping regions thathaveweathered thestormofglobaleconomic recession withrelative success, theirgrowthinpercapita incomehasbeenpositive, if lowerthanwasachieved inthe1960sandthe1970s. Thiswasduepartlytothe economic resilience andexport-oriented policies ofthemajormanufactures exporters intheregion, whichhavebeenabletomakepromptandtimelyadjustments
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses economic growth rates, projections, and constraints in different regions and country groups. It also touches on the impact of external factors such as oil prices, debt burdens, and protectionism on economic development. The text does not focus on specific sectors like agriculture, industry, or transport, nor does it discuss natural resources or environmental issues. It does not address health, education, employment, humanitarian aid, culture, or science and technology.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade