-10.6 14.8 -0.4 0.2 -2.1 -12.5 1981 45.6 -46.3 -0.7 -12.3 -13 .o -0.3 2.6 0.2 1 o. 5 1982 .'£/ 40.7 -36.3 4.4 -14.1 -9.7 -0.3 3.3 0.3 6.4 Source: ECA secretariat estimates based on data from Inter­ national Financial Statist~~· vol. XXXV, No. 12 (December 1982}. 2_/ Algeria, the Libyan Arab J.amahiriya and Nigeria. 'e._/ Preliminary estimates based on less than 10 months' data. Table VI.B.3 Balance of payments of non-oil-exporting developing Africa (Billia1s of US dollars) Exports (f. o.b.) Imports (f.o.b.) Trade balance Net services and private transfers Balance on current account Official transfers (net} Capital (net} · Net errors and omissions Total change in reserves 1980 31.1 -39.1 -8.0 -5.2 -13.2 3.2 9.5 1.0 -o.5 1981 28.4 -41.2 -12,8 -6.0 -18.8 3.3 13 .o 2.0 0.5 1982 .!!._/ 27.4 -37.9 -10.5 -6.2 -16.7 3.0 11.9 1.4 0.4 Source: ECA secretariat estimates based on data from rlorld Economic Outlook, Occasional Paper No. 9 (Washington, IMF, 1982) and International Financial Statistics, vol. XXXV, No. 12 (Decem-ber 1982). --- 2_/ Preliminary· estimates based on less than 10 months'· data. 120 E/ECA/Ct:-1. 9/5 c. ~~ch~~e rates 28. During the early 1980s African developing countries kept their currencies pegged either to a single currency (the US dol­ lar, French franc, South African rand, pound sterling or Span ish peseta) or to a basket of currencies, or to the IMF special draw­ ing right (SDR). 29. Hhere countries adopted a unitary peg, changes in parities between the major currency used and other major currencies in some cases generated domestic inflation in 1981-1982. The franc zone countries, the Gambia, Lesotho, Mali and Swaziland were par­ ticularly seriously affected. Other countries, however, found that their efforts to combat inflation were assisted by the fact 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing economic issues in African developing countries, specifically the balance of payments, trade balance, and inflation rates. It also mentions the pegging of currencies to other major currencies or the IMF special drawing right. These indicators suggest that the text is related to economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade