4. The origin of the current crisis dates from the British withdrawal from colonial India, when the people of Kashmir, granted internal autonomy under British rule, were to chose whether to remain autonomous or to join with either India or Pakistan. It was expected that Kashmir, a Muslim-majority area, would elect to remain independent. However, at the time of election, the Maharajah was Hindu, and he signed an instrument of accession to India in exchange for the entry of Indian troops to put down the Azad Kashmir movement seeking independence and avidly supported by the people. The Azad Kashmir forces resisted the Indian army, and by late 1947 controlled one third of what India called the State of Jammu and Kashmir. 5. The United Nations addressed the situation at the beginning of 1948, and in April of that year the Security Council passed a resolution setting up a process leading to a plebiscite of the Kashmiri people to determine their status. Both India and Pakistan agreed to the process, and in 1948 and 1949 the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan, set up by Security Council resolution 39/1948, adopted two resolutions mandating a cease-fire and the withdrawal of troops (resolution of 13 August 1948) and a plebiscite to determine the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir (resolution of 5 January 1949). Admiral Chester Nimitz (United States of America) was appointed Plebiscite Administrator. 6. Between 1950 and 1957, United Nations representatives General MacNaughton (Canada), Owen Dixon (Australia), Frank Graham (United States of America) and Сгдппаг Jarring (Sweden) were unable to obtain agreement for the demilitarization of Jammu and Kashmir so as to be able to hold a free plebiscite. The situation became increasingly more tense during the "cold war" period, as Pakistan became party to military pacts sponsored by the 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the historical context and international relations surrounding the Kashmir conflict, with no direct mention of economic, environmental, or social issues. The focus is on the political and military events that led to the current crisis, making it unlikely to fit into categories related to development, resources, industry, or employment.

**Category**
International relations, Humanitarian aid and relief