lastedonlyalittleoverthreeyears. On30November 1963,Archbishop Makarios, theduly-elected GreekCypriot President oftheRepublic, proposed totheGuarantor powersthirteen amendments totheCypriot Constitution. 21Theseproposed amendments -sixofthemtoBasicArticles whichweredeclared immutable bytreaty andconstitutional provision -hadastheirobvious purpose theelimination ofthe carefully negotiated balance ofpowerbetween thetwocommunities. QIWhenadopted thesethirteen amendments woulddecisively shiftthebalance ofpowersoasto favourthenumerical majority -andhenceassure GreekCypriot rule.11 Civildisorder andarmedviolence brokeoutthroughout theisland. Asan element ofthiscrisis, theTurkish Cypriot members oftheGovernment ofthe Republic ofCypruseitherwithdrew ormorelikelywereforced fromtheir offices. ~IShortly thereafter, theGreekCypriot members ofthegovernment, purporting toactinlegitimate exercise oftheiroffices, enacted allthirteen amendments. Theycontended thattheTurkish Cypriots couldnowonlybere-admitted aspartners intheadministration iftheyaccepted theamendments passedintheir absence.ilSincetheTurkish Cypriot members couldnotaccepttheseillegal amendments, theyneverresumed theirseatsinthelegislature. Theunilateral usurpation ofauthority bytheGreekCypriots wasanobvious violation oftheConstitution, aswellasthetreatyobligations accepted bythe GreekCypriot community. TheGreekCypriot regimehadviolated Article 182ofthe Constitution, whichstatedthattheBasicArticles "[could] not,inanyway,be amended, whether bywayofvariation, addition orrepeal," andwhichrequired concurrent two-thirds votesoftheGreekCypriot andTurkish Cypriot members ofthe HouseofRepresentatives forallotheramendments. Theiractions simultaneously I... Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryAl 44 / 967 s/21420 English Page 6 coutravened ArticLe I of the Treaty of Guaraltee, in rrhich the RePublic of Cl?rus undertook ,'to ensure ... respect for its constitution." Both Britain aad Turley issued diplomatic Protests coldemning tha ameldne[ts aa "coltrarY to the Colstitution of the Republic of c!?rus, which is under the safeguard of intertratioDal treaties." lq/ Thes€ 13 amendnents, anal the situatio! depeDdeDt uPon them in the area under Greek cl?riot coDtrol, cannot theref,ore b€ validlY accorded any inEernational recogniEion. Fron 1964 untll the presert, the Greet Ctpriot rdgine has clainetl to be the Legitimate goverm€[t of the Republic of clrErrus, with sovereigl rigbta over t]re whole Island and a1I of its inhabitaats. Th€re is ao legal basis itr itrterlatio[al law for such a claim. The fornation of a r6gims founded oD the unilatoral usurpation of rights specifically reserved to the Turkish CiTtriot PeoPle contiaveaes the plain laDguage atrd obvious ittent of th€ Treaty of Guarantee, the
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a historical account of a political crisis in Cyprus, discussing the proposed amendments to the Cypriot Constitution, the subsequent civil disorder, and the power struggle between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. The text highlights the violation of constitutional and treaty obligations, and the controversy surrounding the legitimacy of the government. Given the focus on political events and institutions, it seems likely that the text falls under the category of politics or governance.

**Category**
Politics, International relations