of sanctions on account of the changes that had recently taken place in South Africa. 39. The regime in Pretoria had been able to survive because of the external support which it received, especially in the military field. For example, it was deriving great advantage from its co-operation with Israel. As a result, it had the strongest army in the region, with missiles capable of striking at African capitals and a nuclear capacity. Thus Israel was supporting racism. The sanctions must therefore be strictly applied in order to put an end to racism, as Mr. Mandela had urged. 40. Mrs. GABR (Observer for Egypt) said that the accurate lists which Mr. Khalifa had been providing since 1982 merited careful attention. The Special Rapporteur had explained the importance of sanctions, which had had a very positive effect in supporting the struggle being waged by the African people to dismantle apartheid, even though certain Governments and transnational corporations were endeavouring to get round them by allowing South Africa to keep its markets and to obtain new credit facilities and investments. In fact, the effectiveness of sanctions would have been greater if the United Nations had established a supervisory machinery for their enforcement. 41. Nevertheless, the cessation of co-operation with the South African regime had greatly strengthened the will of the black population to resist and had led to a dialogue. The next stage would be decisive for the new constitutional order. Some people were optimistic and considered that apartheid was on the point of collapse. However, the process was only just beginning. The African National Congress had declared an end to the armed struggle, but the South African Government was continuing to apply emergency measures. The international community must therefore pursue its economic boycott, as requested by Mr. Mandela, so that a new reg1me could emerge. Her 
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on the political and economic situation in South Africa, specifically the efforts to end apartheid and the role of international sanctions in achieving this goal. The discussion involves international organizations, governments, and organizations like the African National Congress, which suggests that the category should be related to international relations and politics.

**Category**
International trade, Humanitarian aid and relief