adopted fewsignificant newmeasures inthepe~iod un~erreview. Substantial progress wasmadeatthelevelofpeople's sanctions asloc~lauthorities adopted newrestrictive measures concerning theirtransactions withtrantnational corporations thatmaintain economic tieswithSouthAfrica. B.g,gyerlUDlllts andintergoyerrvnental organizations 152.IntheUnitedStatesCongress, initiatives havebeenproposed tostrengthen theprovisions oftheComprehensive Anti-~ ActofSeptember 1986,bywhich sanctions wer6imposed agalnst SouthAfrica. Representative RonaldDellums (Democrat-California) introduced, on3January, the~ill1989H.R.21,whicnhas over100co-sponsors. Itprovides foracompl~te withdrawal ofUnitedStates corporations fromSouthAfrica, aneartotalembargo ontradewithSouthAfricaand support fortheimposition ofmultilateral sanctions andrestrictions onmilitary c~-operation between theUnitedStatesandSouthAfrica. Italsoprohibits United Statesoilcorporations involved inSouthAfricafrombidding onanyfederaloil, gasandcoalleases. Asimilar bil~,S.507,wasintroduced bySenator PaulSimon (Democrat-Illinois) on3March1989.Thebillsremainunderconsideration inthe Congress. UI 153.On1August1989,theUnitedStates ~ouseofRapresp~tatives Subcommittee on International Development, Finance, TradeandMonetary PolicyoftheCommittee on Banking, Finance andUrbanAffairs convened ahearing inWashington, D.C.to examine thepolitical implicati~ns oftherescheduling ofSouthAfrica's foreign dAbtrepayment andtheoptions availablo totheUnited Stat~sGovernment concerning theenforcement ofexisting prohibitiol.s onlending toSouthAfrica. Expert witnesses provided testimony onthesubject. 154.Atitsmaeting at~'adridinFebruary 1989,theCouncil ofForeign Ministers decided thatarep(,~twouldbeprepared regarding proposals forstepping up 8a~ction8 against S~uth Afri~a. A:;themeeting withtheircounterparts fromthe front-line StatusinJune1989, ~·.\'.I~12Mlnisters statedthat,beforetheadoption ofanynewmeasures, efforts shou':'cthemddetopersuade Mr.del(1erktointroduce f~ndamental changes inthecountry. 155. Th~Commonwealth Committee ofForeign Ministers onSouthern Africa (CFMSA), at itsmeeting atHarareinFebruary 1989,concluded thatfinancial sanctions were8 stronginstrument against SouthAfricaandshould therefor~ betightened. The Ministe~s (fromAustralia, Canada, Guyana, Indi~,rilgecia, the'JnltedRepablir. of Tanzlnia, ZambiaandZimbabwe) adopted proposals toenforce thearmsembargo and elabcrated definitions ofthetypeofequipment thatshouldbecovered toavoid different interpretations of"armsandrelatedmaterial". Inaddition, theycalled fortheestablishment u':"monitorin'J unit".0assisttheSecurity Council Committee esta"l1B~!ed bySecurity Council resolution 4;.1(1')77)of9December 197'7in investigatiny br~aches ofthearmsembargo and i~publici,ing theCommittee's findings. Comm'lnwealth Stateswereurgedtoimplement eftectively thetnited -40-Nations pmbargo itself, as\.,811astheCommonwealth measures adopt.eel tuotrengthen theembargo.UI 156.Attheirmeeting atCanbern, inAugust 1989,theCommonwea) thMinistorsagreed tosftcure amoreco-ordinated application of910ba1 san(!tions. Theydiscussed an expert re~ortonsaMt!ons, commissioned byCFMSAtoeXlunino newwCiynorextending sanctions. TheMinisters sharedtheconclusions ofthereport tllAtthoexistJnq sanctions havehadaneffect ontheSouthAfrican economy Gndthat.aanctions therefore constitute alegitimate instrwnent ofpolicytoinducetheeradication of apartheid. Thereportcontained therocommendation thatGovenunents uhould phase outtradewithSouthAfricaoverafive-year periodtofort'el'rnt:Ul'h\ tone90tiate withtheblackmajority. Recognizing thatfinancial Janctions nl'~oneofthemost effective formsofpressure ()nPretoria, theMinisters proposerl fUl'ther Cinancial sanctions, notably totighten th~conditions fordebtrepayment. imposefurther restrictions ontradefinance, monitor thebanonmediwII-·term andlong-lel'm lending andtobannewbanklending. TheMinisters agreedtosondndelegation ofRe••ior Commonwealth officials tomeetwithseniorexecutives oCthomember bank"ofthe co-ordinating committee thatiscurrently negotiating the1990nls(:heduling of
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing international economic sanctions and diplomatic efforts aimed at pressuring South Africa to end apartheid. The measures being proposed and implemented are primarily related to economic restrictions, such as trade embargoes, debt repayment, and financial sanctions. This suggests that the category is likely to be related to economic issues.

**Category**
International trade, Economic development