J66.ThpInternational Federation ofJournalists sentamission toSouthAfrica on lQApril19R9toassesstheimpactofpresscensorship ontheflowofinformation withinandoutside SouthAfrica. Themission found th~tcensorship distorted the rdilllty ofSouthAfrica andsuppressod thepossibility oCdemocrutic debate. It n~c(}mm(Jnnen theestablishment ofP.llterNltivecommunicE\tion notworks,suchasnews "·9Pndes andttaining pr0911'l.1TIme~ forl)outhAfdcan jourualists, both"dUd)) and (Jul.::dde thecountry. Ild.Onsever",l occasi.ons, re11yious leAders within andoutside South A[rict~ have called[ortheadoption offurther sanctions against theregime. InFebruary 1989, I'upe.JohnPdul11appeured togivecautious appt"oval toeconomic liant'tiulls inan off'il'i.-\l VntiCnTl policy document on!.Hcism, thefirsteveronthp. ~l'hj(>ct. According tot.hedocument., whichisontitled "Thechurch andrf\ciSIlI, towald amore fraternal society", int.ernationaJ. lawallowstheinternationAl community t.o -43-"exercise appropriate external pressure" toStatesthatpractice racial discrimination aCiJa1nst theirownpeople, butonlyw,'th"thegreatest (.\o1re". Ata meeting with ~eader8 ofthemajortrading partners ofSouthAfricain February 1989,aneminent persons group,assembleG bytheWorldCouncil ofChurches advocated theimposition ofcomprehen3ive andmandatory ranctions, thediplomatic andcultural isolation ofSouthAfricaandtheadoption ofnational and international mechBnisms tomonitor sanctions (seepara.204).InMarch1989.the British Council ofChurches calledupontheGovernment oftheUnitedKingdom to imposeawiderange o~sanctions. WorldAnglican leaders expressed theirsupport forsanctions attheirme$ting inCyprusinMay1989.Atthesametime.South African religious leaders urgedtheEECExecutive Commission totakeeffective ~ctionagainst thePretoria regime. 168.Anti-apartn.!d movements andsolidarity organizations organized specific activities insupport oftheliberation struggle inSouthAfricaandtheregion. InOctober 1988,theAssociation 01Western r.uropean Parliamentarians against Apartheid, inco-operation withtheAfrican European Institute, organized a three-day seminar inAthensonmeasures tocounter SouthAfrican destabilization in thefront-line States. TheSeminar wasopenedbytheAlternate Foreign Minister of Greeceandwasattended bymembers ofParliament fromWestern European countries; representatives ofSADCC,thefront-line StatesandSouthAfrica; anddelegates fromtheUnitedNations, EEC,OAUandtheCommonwoalth. Speakers stressed that international presBure onSouthAfricashouldcontinue andthatemergency aidand development assistance shouldbegiventothefront-line Statesinorderto counteract theeffects ofSouthAfrica's actsofdestabilization. 169.InFebruary 1989,religious andanti-APartheld groupsinEuropenndtheUnited Statesorganized symbolic fastsinsupport ofthehungerstrikebypolitical detainees inSouthAfrica. AttheEuropean Parliament, on15February 1989. MandlaMandela, thegrandson ofANCleader, NelsonMandela, received onthe latter's behalfaprheawarded to"champions ofintellectual andpolit:ical freedom". is/ 170.InMay1989,aweek-long campaign fortherelease ofimprisoned SouthAfrican conscientious objectors wasorganized simultaneously inSouth ,~frica, Europeand theUnitedStates. Protests werehAldoutside Pretoria's emh~ssies in12citiesin EuropeandtheUnitedStates.MIInthesamemonth,theY'ederal RepUblic of Germany decided tointroduce compulsory visarequirements forallSouthAfricans, saveconscientious objectors fromthatcountry. TheUnitedKingdom. Switzerland andGreecearenowtheonlyEuropean countries without suchrequirements. 171.Asinprevious years,anti-apartheid movements andreligious groupsallover theworldorganized meetings, marches, rallies andvigilson16June1989,to commemorate the1976 Sow~tostudents' uprising. D.feople's sanctionl 172.People's sanctions arecurrently amajorforcebehindtheinitiatives to tighten, expandandincrease thescopeofcurrent sanctions. Examples ofthe~o
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on the political and social context of South Africa during the late 1980s, discussing the impact of press censorship, international sanctions, and humanitarian efforts to support the anti-apartheid movement. The text also mentions economic and diplomatic initiatives, but these are secondary to the main themes of political repression and human rights.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, International trade