It is doubtful whether any such effort is worthwhile ' The hardening of a targetedA/35 / 392 Engl i sh Anne]( Paee 95 industry could be countered by detonating lreapons at lor+er altitudes or by increasing ueapon accuracy. Similarly, dispersion could be rendered insufficient by neu developnents in numbets of warheads ar:i1 r..eapons accuracy. No country is knovn to have attempted slgnificant harCening or d.ispersi.on of industry. '-:;." -- erriiearrour'ing to reconstruct both agriculture and other basic industry, the overriding problen would- be to reach a production rate at least equal to a minimum consumption rate before stockpiles r,rere entirely depleted. Hovcvcr, the organized. effort necessa-ry to raaster this awesone ta6k rn'ou1d require an unequalled Level of d.etermination and insight smong both the population and the leadershil. Xxisting and potential civil defence progra:mes 275. A compl-ete civil defence prograrnme consists of a number of components whr'.ch hF'vF to operate together. There are d.oubts, hovever, concerning the eff'ectiveness of even a vell-balanced and largely inplenented complete system in a nuclear war. This is due partly to the basic uncertainties concerning characteristics of the attack, behaviour of the population, object responee to weapons effects, influence of veather, climatic conditions, etc., and Dartlyto the enornous force of nucl-ear reapons, qhich allors the attacker to neutralize the effect of any civil defence effort simply by enploying a few more, and soner.rhat larger, nuclear weapons. Unless it was presu$ed that the attackerrs obJective was to kill as many civilians as possible, hor{evex, civil" defence could help substantial-Iy to lessen the consequences of ar attack and to ameliorate conditions after it. Thus, civil d.efence is ruarraated by huuanitarian concern, notr,rithstand.ing the doubts of its capacity to deal lrith a1l situations. 277. fo estirnate the aetual- cost of various national- civi]- defence efforts is very
**Analysis**
The text discusses the potential consequences of a nuclear war on various aspects of society, including industry, agriculture, and civil defense. It highlights the difficulties of preparing for such an event, including the need for a high level of determination and insight among both the population and leaders. The text also touches on the limitations of civil defense efforts in the face of nuclear attacks.

**Category**
Industry, Humanitarian aid and relief