National economic, socio-economic and scientific-technical progno_ses may be short-term (up to 3 years), medium-term (5-7 years) and long-term ones (more than 10 years). The time horizon of each particular prognosis Is determined, depending on the character of the Investigated task; complex prognoses of economic development are leaborated In conformity with the horizons and the dates for elaboration of national economic plans. The pro­ cess of planning Includes elaboration of prognoses of the fulfil- > ment of the. existing prospective plan, whose results provide the 6 base for planning the next prospective period; also prognoses tor ~ the next planned pertod, whose results are used as scientific materiel for elaborating the next plan; prognoses for terms 19-1 exceeding the next planned period, that estimate the consequences of the adopted planned solutions and determine new conditions and problems In the long-term prospective. Besides the stated prognoses. there exist. as mentioned earlier, global prognoses for a term of 50 years and more. These prognoses make It possible to follow the development of certain tendencies and,phenomena, and to consider them In the elaboration of a long-term plan. For example, a demographic prognosis, prognoses of anthropogenic changes In the climate, city growth. consequences of ambient pol Iutton as a result of scientific­ technical progress, etc. The USSR Academy of Sciences has accu­ mulated experience In elaborating long-term prognoses In the sphere of uti I lzlng prognoses for elaborating the Complex Program of scientific-technical progress and Its socio-economic conse­ quences. The Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR has gained experiences In utilizing prognoses in the area of welding and welding equipment and the development and uti llzatlon of computer facilities. The USSR Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education has gained experience in elaborating prognoses of the development of scientific research in higher educational Institu­
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses national economic and scientific-technical projections, planning, and forecasting, which suggests that the main focus is on the development and progress of a country's economy and scientific endeavors. The text also mentions specific areas such as demographic projections, climate changes, and city growth, which may be related to the environment and natural resources.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology