228. Migration, especialry rurar-urban and circuratory migration, often has animpact on the mode of production by accereratlng the transltion to rrage employment,which can come about in several rrays. r'or example, fiost rurar-urban migrants, eventhose who were self-employed farmers or unpaid workers on family farms, become wagerabourersl in other cases, circur.atory migiants take on jobs that rocal personst'ould not accept, and it has been found that in some instances, the introatuction ofwage labour in a given community was made possibre onry by bringing migrants intothat area. 29,/ 229' whire rurar-urban migration in many developing countries today invorvespersons who vrere either self-ernployed or unpaid family workers, this has been notnecessarily the experience of the oore deveroped countrie'. rn the united Kingdom,for exanple. the commerc ia ri za tion of agriculiure precealed urbanization andrural-urban migrationt in this case, ruial-urban migration mostly represented atransfer of wage rabour from rural to urban areas. 3gl rt shour; ar;o be notedtbat several forms of migration tend to preserve the pre_industrial fiEale ofproduction. Frontier settlers, for examile, often are motivated to migrate bytheir desire to work on their own land rither than being wage earners, and not arlmigrants to urban areas in less developed countries aspire to empl.yment in themodern sector. rt has been found that. in countries wtere prevaiiing waqes are roh,and opportunities for advancement are scarce, some migrants are wirri.ng co assumethe risk of self-employment in return for the potentiat revrard of much greaEerearnings than are possibre in most low-rever i;dustriar jobs in tbose countries, ?30' Rural*urban and rurar-rurar migration have arso been found to read to changesin the sexual division of labour ln both sending and receiving areas. 3IlEspecially in the areas of origin, the outmigraiion of mares ir"s"..ary pr"""" " heavy burden on women anal chilalren teft behi;d !o carry out the necessaryagricultural'*ork. 32/ (iv)
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the impact of migration on the mode of production, employment, and the sexual division of labor, highlighting the effects of rural-urban and circular migration on agricultural labor and the economy. It also touches on the motivation for self-employment and the desire for higher earnings. The text's focus on economic and labor-related aspects suggests that it belongs to categories related to economic development and employment.

**Category**
Employment, Economic development