number of progressive developing countries to be known as National Research Devel~pment Corporation, which would sponsor and support with necessary risk many development projects based on new Inven­ tions and Innovation derived from Indigenous research. This Corporation would also provide financial and technical assistance for projects aimed at Improving existing technologies and stren­ ghten capabll ltles of Innovative entrepreneurs with limited re­ sources. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL High-level trained scientific and technological personnel Is the most crucial resource of a nation for Its development programmes. In fact, the quality of Intellectual and professional talent brought Into any system sets the ultimate limits of Its attainment. Strengthening of domestic technologclal capabll lty through high-level S&T manpower training and the creation of a strong research and development system Is, therefore, vital for our future development and self-reliance. The scientific manpower engaged In R&D In Pakl~tan totals less than 5,000 I.e. about 40 percent of the minimum required as per UNESCO yardstick for the developing countries. There Is thus an Imminent need to fl I I this gap. Presently, our universities are not in a position to meet the training requirements of high level S&T research manpower number of Ph.Ds trained annually in science Is around a dozen only. As such launching of a foreign training programme Is Inescapable. Conservative estimates of foreign training requirements for the R&D Institutes of the Ministry of Science and Technology to fll I the existing gaps In Important areas and to man the new proposed research Institutes for the period 1984-88 come to about 260 Ph.Ds. 270 M.S/M.Phlls and 390 specialised courses of 3 to 9 month dura~lon. The cost of training of these scientists In advanced foreign countries works out to approximately Rs.380 mil­ l ion with foreign exchange component of Rs.360 mil I ion. A project 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the importance of scientific and technological personnel in a country's development programs, highlighting the need to strengthen domestic technological capacity through high-level training and research. It also mentions the need for foreign training programs to fill the existing gaps in research manpower. This suggests that the text is primarily focused on the development of human resources and scientific capabilities, which are essential for economic growth and development.

**Category**
Science and technology, Education