stated in part I of the report. In addition, other legisla ­ tions also provide for the procedural and implementa- tional methods for enforcement of these rights. 30. The Constitution of India guarantees that “the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, caste, race, place of birth or any of them”. Article 14 of the Constitution strikes at arbit ­ rariness in State action and ensures fairness and equal ­ ity of treatment (Nand Lal v. Punjab, 1982 ’s ISCR 718 at p. 724). 31. Discrimination on any basis including untouch ­ ability is prohibited. These rights are also protected un­ der the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. The ques ­ tion of discrimination and distinction based on untouchability has also been prohibited under the Un­ touchability (Offences) Act, 1955. Remedies for viol­ ations of those rights and freedoms are recognized against the persons acting in their personal as well as official capacity. As already stated above in part I, an appropriate prerogative writ could also lie against the officials who violate the Act or infringe these rights or freedoms. 344 Documents of the seventeenth to twenty-second sessions 32. The Indian legal system also provides judicial remedies for violation of civil and political rights by way of decree, order, specific relief, damages, injunc ­ tion. Several competent authorities are vested with powers to adjudicate and provide suitable remedies de­ pending upon the nature of the right in violation and the remedy sought. Article 3 33. This article requires the State parties to the Covenant to ensure equal rights of men and women to the enjoyment of civil and political rights. The Consti ­ tution of India ensures to all persons equal protection of laws within the territory of India. The Constitution pro­ hibits discrimination and thus ensures equality between 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the legal framework and guarantees of human rights in India, specifically focusing on the protection against discrimination and the remedies available for violations of these rights. The text references various laws and articles of the Indian Constitution, indicating a focus on the legal and institutional aspects of human rights protection.

**Category**
Education, Humanitarian aid and relief