constraints andotherspecial problems, including thosearising fromwidespread poverty, extremely lowagricultural productivity, weakinstitutional andphysical infrastructure, paucity ofskilled personnel, climatic hazards andserious debt-servicing problems. " 15.12 Theobjectives ofthesubprogramme, therefore, are: (a)Toprovide anadequate andinternationally accepted minimum standard for thepoor; (b)Toidentify andsupport majorinvestment opportunities andpriorities; (c)Tomitigate asfaraspossible theadverse effects ofnatural disasters; (d)Topromote viablediversification oftheeconomic structures oftheleast developed countries, including thecreation ofviableindustries forprocessing raw materials, thedevelopment ofintegrated projects fortheexpansion ofproduction andexport, andtheprovision ofadequate resources forovercoming supply bottle-necks; (e)Toensurethataidisfullysupportive ofthedevelopment objectives of theleastdeveloped countries andthataideffectiveness isenhanced, interalia, through improved co-ordination andthestrengthening ofcountry reviewmeetings; (f)Toencourage positive measures forfacilitating theexpansion oftrade opportunities oftheleastdeveloped countries, including thepromotion of subregional tradethrough technical andeconomic co-operation fordevelopment; (g)Tostrengthen thecapacities oftheleastdeveloped countries to establish andimplement theirownpolicies andprogrammes, andtoaddress the structural rigidities anddeficiencies oftheireconomies. (b)Course ofactionofthesecretariat 15.13 Asafollow-up totheSecondUnited Nations Conference ontheLeast Developed Countries in1990,concerted efforts willbemadetopromote, co-ordinate andmonitor theimplementation ofthedecisions oftheSecond Conference. Those efforts willinclude: -4- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(a)Theidentification andanalysis ofstructural, institutional andpolicy constraints atthenational andinternational levelsimpinging onthe socio-economic development oftheleastdeveloped countries; (b)Theformulation ofproposals fornational andinternational actionfor accelerating thesocio-economic development oftheleastdeveloped countries; (c)Analysis, inco-operation withotherinternational organizations, of international developments inaidflows, management andpractices andthe formulation ofproposals toenhance thevolume andquality ofsuchflowsinsupport ofthedevelopment programmes oftheleastdeveloped countries; (d)Provision ofimproved information flowstoleastdeveloped countries. Periodic reviews andassessments willbemadeofprogress in,andthepolicyissues affecting, theimplementation oftheresults oftheSecondConference attheglobal level,withaviewtqformulating policyproposals toguidetheirfull implementation. Reports containing up-to-date information ontheleastdeveloped countries, including thebasicdataseries, willbeprepared andpublished ona regular basiswithaview,interalia,topromoting thesystematic follow-up tothe SecondUnited Nations Conference onLeastDeveloped Countries atthenational, regional andinternational levels. Country reviewmeetings (consultative groups androundtables), whicharethemainmechanisms fortheperiodic review and implementation oftheSubstantial NewProgramme ofActionfortheLeastDeveloped Countries, willtakeplaceatappropriate intervals attheinitiative ofinterested leastdeveloped countries. Itisexpected thatthosemeetings willfacilitate an increased andimproved flowofassistance through abetterdialogue and co-ordination between leastdeveloped countries andtheirdevelopment partners. 15.14Policy-oriented research willbeundertaken oncross-sectoral and across-the-board topics, comprising, interalia,poverty eradication, mObilization ofdomestic savings andhumanresources development, including enhancement ofthe participation ofwomenindevelopment, development oftheenterprise sector, sustainable development, theroleofnon-governmental organizations, aidmanagement
**Analysis**
The text appears to be focused on the development of the least developed countries, discussing various constraints and challenges they face, as well as objectives and actions to address these issues. The language used is economic and policy-oriented, with a focus on structural and institutional changes. This suggests that the text is more related to economic development and international cooperation rather than specific sectors like agriculture or industry.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade