conditions. The resultant regional level of living expressed in terms of the composite index is compared with the national average and the level of other regions. . 50. This attempt deserves recognition for utilizing the most reason- able quantitative techniques known for dealing with the aggregation . problem. In addition to the difficulty in interpreting factor scores, the reliance on responses in a popular poll of residents' perceptions of living conditions is problematic, since responses reflect only aspects of collec­ tive well-being. 35 Furthermore, it is debatable whether something close to the true collective well-being can be derived from this type of popular survey, no matter how carefully such a survey is designed and carried out. Two arguments that call into question the validity of this tech-· nique are that the respondents are incapable of knowing valid social goals and values and of judging their living conditions, and that the res- . ponses to the same set of questions could change over time in the ab­ sence of any actual improvement or deterioration in living conditions. Therefore, these attempts are closely linked with the political interest in identifying what needs to be done and in showing what has been achieved. None the less, the methodology is one analytical tool with a potential for application. 2. Socio-economic model building 51. Although there is a great deal of potential in socio-economic 34· This line of research has been followed by many Japanese provincial governments. A few rcprescnbtivc reports (all in Japanese) are: Miyazaki Prefecture, Total Level of Province (January 1974); Committee on Yamanashi Prefecture Welfare Indicators Studies, An Approach to Welfare Systems: Aggrcgnte Welfare Indicator for Yamanashi Prefecture (March 1975); and Research Institute for Social Development Indicators, Report on New Social Indicators Syrtem for Hyogo Prefedure (1974). 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the methodology and challenges of measuring regional levels of living conditions, using a composite index and socio-economic model building. It appears to be focused on understanding the well-being of residents in a region, rather than specific sectors or industries. The language used is more theoretical and analytical, suggesting a focus on policy or decision-making rather than practical applications.

**Category**
Economic development, Health