present shape the draft convention gives the impression of being'academic". 8. The najor weakness of article 23, as presently drafted, is that it is confined to the generalized system of tariff preferences. The extension of preferences to areas other than tariffs has been underlined, inter alia, in tbe Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, and in resolutions 91 (Iv) and 95 (Iv) of UNCTAD. Moreover, since the adoption of the report by the International Lah' Connrission in 1978, agreement was reached in the Framework Group of the Tokyo Round negotiations to the effect that, notwithstanding the provisions of article I of GATT, contracting parties may accord differential and nore favourable treatnent to developing countries without according such treatment to other contracting parties. In addition to the generalized system of preferences, this enablinq clause covers differential and more favourable treatment with respect to non-tariff rneasures governed by the provisions of instruments multilaterally negotiated under the auspices of GATT. 9. Article 23 should therefore be redrafted to take into account the above-mentioned agreements in the area of trade. It is suggested that the article could be drafted along the following lines: rrA beneficiary State is not entitled under a nost-favoured-nation clause to preferential treatment in the field of trade extended by a developed granting State to a developing third State on a non-reciprocal basis in conformity ltith the relevant rules and procedures of a competent international organization of which the States concerned are nembersr. 10. As regards the establishment of new rules of international 1aw in favour of developing countries (art. 30), attention is drawn to the work on the r/...A/ 40 / 444 Engl ish Page 14 negotiation of principLes and rules for the cont.rol of restrictive business practices having adverse effects on international trade, particularly that of
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing international trade agreements and the treatment of developing countries, specifically in the context of tariff preferences and non-tariff measures. The language used is technical and references various international organizations and agreements, such as the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This suggests that the text is focused on the economic sphere, particularly in relation to international trade and development.

**Category**
International trade, Economic development