Another obstacle appears to be the lack of international economic vision. What we need is a new perspective on international economic co-oPeration that is not based on a zero-sum approach. The timinq is propitious. As our Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew, said: "There is a stronq desire in the East and West, in the North and South, to concentrate energies and resources on economic development and to restrain expenditure on arms." JB/16 A/S-18/PV. 8 74-75 (Mrs. Chan, Singapore) Once there was indeed such a vis ion, embodied in the Marshall Plan, which channelled over $12 billion to western Europe between 1948 and 1952. The success of that Plan enabled Western Europe to revive and recover from the ravages of the Second World war. The current situation is now different in that the resources, which used to be commanded solely by one dominant nation, and which are necessary to meet the great needs of the third world, are now dispersed among several developed nations. Secondly, the queue of aid recipients is lonq and has recentlY been lengthened by new claimants. Thirdly, the peace dividend from global disarmament is unlikely to increase official develoPment assistance, as it appears to be needed for compelling domestic agendas. Fourthly, aid fatigue seems to have immobilized official development assistance levels below 0. 7 per cent of gross national product, with the exceptions of Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sw1~den. Fifthly, there has been a corresponding shift in attitudes and rhetoric among many developing countries towards co-operation and partnership and towards the adoption of more efficient methods of creating and sharinq wealth. IM/17 A/S-18/PV. 8 76 (Mrs. Chan, Singapore) The present situation in many developing qountries reminds us of two similar earlier situations in which the world was confronted by very serious economic 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the concept of international economic cooperation and the challenges faced in achieving it. It highlights the need for a new perspective on international economic cooperation, citing the success of the Marshall Plan and the current difficulties in providing aid to developing countries. The text also mentions the shift in attitudes and rhetoric among developing countries towards cooperation and partnership.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade