this Law. A defendant shall have the right to defence, and the people's courts shall have the duty to guarantee his defence." CAT1Cl71Add.5 Page 4 13. Article 2 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Arrest and Detention, promulgated for implementation of 23 February 1979 provides that "no citizen of the People's Republic of China may be arrested except by decision of a people's court or with the approval of a people's procuratorate." 14. Article 5 of the aforementioned Regulations on Arrest and Detention further provides that: "When a public security organ arrests an offender, it must hold an arrest warrant and announce the arrest to the person to be arrested. Within 24 hours after the arrest, the public security organ, the people's procuratorate or the people's court shall notify the family of the arrested person of the reason for arrest and the place of custody, except where notification would hinder the investigation or there is no way to notify them." 15. In ensuring that the rights of the person and democratic rights of citizens are not violated in normal life, work, study and political activities, the related Chinese laws protect as well the legitimate rights and interests of prisoners that are serving penalty under the criminal laws. In China criminal penalty does not aim solely at punishing criminals. It combines punishment with reform so that criminals may break with their evil past and again become law-abiding citizens useful to society. For this purpose, the State helps prisoners to understand the crimes for which they are sentenced mainly by way of education and reform through labour during their service of penalty. Besides the State has formulated laws against extortion of confessions by torture or ill-treatment by corporal punishment by the administrative staff of prisons. 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the legal framework and procedures related to arrest, detention, and criminal punishment in China. It highlights the importance of ensuring the rights of citizens, including the right to defense, and the need to prevent violations of human rights during the criminal process. The text also mentions the purpose of criminal penalty, which is not only to punish but also to reform and rehabilitate offenders.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Education