convictions, othersfortheirreligious beliefs: solidarity tr~deunionists in Poland; Jews,Baptists, RomanCatholics, Pentecostalists andothersintheSoviet Union;Baha'is inIran.Withallthemenandarmsattheirdisposal, whatare theseGovernments afraidof? Thesebraveand.oftennameless prisoners ofconscience struggle toachieve for menandwomenineverycorneroftheworldthepromises ofthisOrganization. We arewiththem,andwecallonallStatesasMernb,.,softhisbodytohonourtheir solemncommitments. AsThomasJefferson oncesaid, "Theopinions ofmenandwomenarenottherightful objectofanyGovernment p anywhere."AMBlll A/40/PV.4 41 (Mr.Shultz,...!:J;;n;,;;;i.;;te;;;d;;;..;;S;,;t;.;a;.;;te=s,) Thequestforpeacecontinu1Ni:? {~nmanyfronts.tinafu!:alltheoostacles confronting it,thereareexampl,';!f! ,~fsuccess -suct&:4St:he ~';;,.eatyonAntarctica, whichrecently markedaquarter centuryofeffective int~rnational co-operation. Wecanlearnfromproblems overcome aswetackletheformidable problems ahead. IntheMiddleEast,10or15yearsago,peacebetw(!enIsraelandanyArab Stateseemedaremote,ifnotimpossible, dream. Final.ly, afteruntoldsuffering andfourwars,acourageous leader, AnwarEl-sadat, abandoned theoldwaysof thinking andtookthestepnootherArableaderhadbeenwilling orprepared even tocontemplate: herecognized thattheStateofIsraelwasheretostay an~,with PrimeMinister Begin,vowedtherewouldbenomorewars.Peaceandnormal relations wereestablished, andtheSinaiwasreturned. Thepastyearhasseenmajorefforts towardnewnegotiations betweenIsrael anditsArabneighbours. TheUnitedStatesiscommitted andengaged insupportof thoseefforts, inaccordance withPresident Reagan's initiative ofthreeyears ago.Yetthelessonofthepastisclear: progress canbeachieved onlythrough directnegotiations, basedonSecurity Council resolutions 242(1967)and338 (1973). Thereisnoo~~erway, &~devasionofthisreality onlyprolongs suffering andheightens dangers. Nothing positive willeverbeachieved bychasingillusions ofso-called armedstruggle; butmuchcanbeaccomplished byparties whoare committed topeaceandengaged inserious dialogue. Themomentisathand-this year-tomakemajorprogress andtobegindirectnegotiations. Totheeast,wehavethecontinuing failure ofreasontoprevail andendthe devastating warbetween IranandIraq.Prolonged byIran'srefusal tocometo termswithitsinability toachieve Victory, thiswarhasnowentereditsfifth year,withnoendinsight. WeagaincalIon bothparties tonegotiate anendto thefighting.l'..MB/ll 1>./40/PV.4 42 (Mr.Shultz, UnitedStates) OntheKoreanpeninsula weseethefirsttentative stepsbeingtakentoget awayframthemodeofth!nking thathascharacterized thepas.t4~years. Adecade ago,thereseemedlittlehopeforasignificant reduction oftension. Yetlast yearbothKoreasbeganamultifaceted, directdialogue, whichtheUnitedStates supports asthekeytoasolution. Whilethea~imosities ofalifetime arenot resolved quickly, eostarthasbeenmadeu Wealsobelievethatmembership inthe unitedNations forboththeRepu~lic ofKoreaandNorthKorea,inaccordance with theprinciple ofuniversality, wouldhelpreaucetensions. Perhaps themostdramatic problem thatrequires ne~waysofthinking is international State-sponsored terrorism. Terrol:ism ise,verybitasmucbafor~of waragainst anation's interests andYaluesasafull-s(~ale armedattack. Andit isaweaponwieldedparticularly against innocent civilians, against freenations, against democracy, against moderation andagainst peaceful solutioris. Itisan affront toeverything theUnitec:Nations standsfor. Progress hasbeenmadeagainst theterrorist threatthrough co-operation in theUnitedNations system. Manynations subscribe toTheHague,TokyoandMontreal Conventions tomakeairtravel saf~erandtosuppress hijacking ands~botage. Progress hasalsobeenmadeinproviding protection fordiplomats, andsomenations haveagreedonhowtohandlehostage situations. Justthismonth,participants at theSeventh UnitedNations Congress onthePrevention ofCrimeandtheTreatment of Offenders, heldatMilan,adopted astrong, broad-ranging re...olution urgingall Statestoadheretotheseagreements andtostrengthen international actions against terrorism. Muchmoreremains tobedone.TheUnitedStatesandothernations, for example, areworking withtheInternational CivilAviation Organization (ICAO)to improve standards ofsecurity. Overthispastyear,sofue90potential terrorist actions ag<~inst UnitedStatesfacilities orcitizens havebeendeterred orAMH/ll A/40/P-V.4 43 (Mr.Shultz, unitedStates) prevented. Butthefighthas,onlybegun,anditcannotbewonbyoneGovernment alone. Tbecivilized worldmustputtheterrorists andtheirsupporters on notice: wewilldefendourselves inanyandeverywaywecan. Tbereality oftbenuclear agebas~mpelled theUnitedStatesandtheSoviet Uniontoengageinadialogue, ofvarying intensity, forthepast40years. Tbis
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a speech or statement by the United States Secretary of State, discussing various international issues and conflicts. It touches on topics such as peace and negotiations, terrorism, and humanitarian efforts, but does not focus on specific economic, environmental, or scientific issues.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, International relations