changes havenotyetoccurred inSouthAfricatomaketheprocess ofdismantling QPa~theid irreversible. Thechanges thatPresident DeKlerkhasinstituted thus fararebasically arelaxation intheenfor~ement ofcertain security regUlations andsegregation laws.Theyhaveprovided nomovement ontheissuenowatthetop oftheagenda, thatofpolitical power. AsMroBruceNelan,aseniorwriterat Timemagazine, statedinarecentissueofForeign Affairs: "His"-thatis,Mr.DeKlerk's -"intention isthree-fold: (a)tomake ahighlyvisible showofreforminordertoimpress theworld;(b)toputthe onusforadelayontheANC;and(c)todraw'moderate' blackleaders and thoseheseesasthesilentmajority intonegotiations onhisterms. "DeKlerk:hopestoavoidfurther sanctions ifhecan,buthewillface themiftheycomeratherthancompromise onwhatheseesasnothing lessthan thesurvival ofhisAfrikaaner volk." Theconclusions fromtheseobservations ar.eclear. UntilandunlesstheSouth African Government hastakenfundamental andirreversible stepstodismantle the apartheid system, theinternational community shouldupholdthesanctions against thePretoria regime. Itisafactthatinternational sanctions areinstrumental in compelling theSouthAfrican Government tounbanvarious organizations anddeclare itswillingness toenterintoadialogue withtherepresentatives oftheblack majority. Toremoveintsrnational pressure atthistimewouldamounttoremoving thevitalleveraqes thatcouldcompeltheSouthAfrican Government toendapartheid. Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryJVM/6 A/44/PV.99 17 (Ms.ChanHangChee, Singapore) Singapore, together withtheotherMemberStatesoftheAssociation of South-East AsianNations (ASEAN), iscommitted tothetotaleradication of apartheid. Attheirmostrecentannualmeeting, inJuly,theASEANForeign Ministers, whilewelcoming therelease ofMr.Mandela andtheunbanning ofthe anti-apartheid organizations, expressed theviewthatbarriers tothetotal dismantling ofapartheid remained inplace. TheASEANForeign Ministers agreed thatsanctions bytheinternational community hadbeenresponsible forbringing the Pretoria regimetothenegotiating table. Inthisregard, theASEANForeign Ministers alsoagreedthatsanctions mustbemaintained untiltheprocess of dismantling apartheid becameirreversible. Inconclusion, mydelegation wouldliketourgeSouthAfricatoimplement unconditionally thepreconditions setdownintheDeclaration onApartheid inorder tocreatethenecessary climate fornegotiations leading tothedrawing upofa constitution foraunited, democratic andnon-racial SouthAfrica. Mr.OUDOVENKO (Ukrainian SovietSocialist Republic) (interpretation from Russian): Sir,itgivesmegreatsatisfaction towelcome youonceagaintothe loftypostofPresident oftheGeneral Assembly. Thedelegation oftheUkrain~ wouldliketowishyougreatsuccess inyourfurther activities. Todayitisexactly ninemonthssincethedaywhenthehistoric Declaration on Apartheid anditsDestructive Consequences inSouthern Africawasadopted within thesewalls. Thusitisnatural forustoask:is'this periodlongenoughto assessitsimplementation? IntheDeclaration adopted atitsspecial session the General Assembly purposely setnodeadline forthecreation ofthenecessary conditions fornegotiations orfortheconduct ofsuchnegotiations between the Government ofSouthAfrica andtherepresentatives ofthemajority population of SouthAfrica, realizing thedifficulties instoreinsolving oneofthemost Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld LibraryJVMI6 Al44/PV.99 18 (Mr.Qudoyenko, Ukrainian SSR) chronicconflictsou theAfrican continent. Inourview,therecentpastand current eventsinsou~ern Africamakeitpossible toassessthemappropriately, to determine thetrendsinthedevelopment ofthecurrent process andtonotethe constructive roleof~eDeclaration adoptedatthesixteenth special sessionof theGeneral Assembly. Todaywecanwithfullresponsibility notethatthe foundations havebeenlaidforputtinq intopractice allmeasures tocreatethe necessary climate fornegotiations. Asisquiterightly stressed inthe Secretary-General's reportontheprogress achieved intheimplementation ofthe Declaration (Al44/960/Add.2), someofthosemeasures havebeenimplemented fully, andotherspartially. TheDeK1erk Government hasdemonstrated acertain readiness fordialogue, liftedthebanontheactivities ofpolitical parties andmovements, released NelsonMandela andotherpolitical prisoners andbeguncontacts withrepresentative
**Analysis**
The text discusses the political situation in South Africa, specifically the process of dismantling apartheid and the role of international sanctions in compelling the South African Government to enter into dialogue with the representatives of the black majority. The text also mentions the Declaration on Apartheid and its implementation, which suggests that the topic is not purely economic or environmental. Additionally, the text does not discuss specific industries, agriculture, or technology, which suggests that it is not focused on economic development or industry.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, International relations