policies and plans for developing countries poses many challenges and sometimes could be very different from those used In developed countries. Hence participation of experts from developing countries In the studies and development of methodologies as wei I as diffusion of main results should be facilitated. b) These methodologies should aim at such features as deve­ lopment of a comparative system of S&T budgets; Incorpo­ ration of technology In an expl iclt form within the production function; characterization of costs of Import of technologies in terms of dependency aspects; creation of alert systems for emerging technologies; adoption of techniques of forecasting; and development of sclentome­ trlc approaches. 4. !mptemeni~jJDD-D1-S&T pol~ and plan~ Ultimately, the success of S&T pol lcles and plans wll I be determined by the process of Implementation and the results achieved thereby. Hence, a) S&T plans should be appropriately linked with socio­ economic development plans to ensure optimum development and uti I lzatlon of a country's resources and a sustained overal I growth. b) Creation of a favourable environment for growth. disse­ mination, absorption and asslml ration of technologies developed endogenously Is an essential requirement of the Implementation process. This would also call for financial support to the S&T activities to a level recommended by the VIenna Programme of Action and Its Operational Plan through favourable terms of assistance. c) National organizations facll ltatlng or regulating tran­ sfer of technologies both from Internal and external sources should be promoted. 466 0 10 co C\1 d) International norms for technology transactions should be adopted to facilitate the more coherent elaboration and Implementation of national S&T pol lcles and plans. e) Even though there are severe limitations In the S&T capacities of Individual developing countries, there are yet considerable unexplolted possibilities If we consi­ der their Joint S&T potential. Hence. promotion of tec­
**Analysis**
The text discusses the development of science and technology (S&T) policies and plans in developing countries, highlighting the challenges and requirements for their success. It emphasizes the need for participation of experts from developing countries, creation of a favorable environment for growth, and promotion of national organizations facilitating the transfer of technologies. The text also touches on the importance of international cooperation and norms for technology transactions. Given the focus on S&T policies and plans, it is likely that the text is related to the development of economic and social systems in developing countries.

**Category**
Science and technology, Economic development