been allegations, in respecE of many countries, of grave and persistent viorationsof the rights of detained persons. Recent reports subnitted Eo the Sub-Connissionon Prevention of DigcriminaCion and Protection of Minorieies indicate lhat theseviolations includle practices such as arrests and detentions on vague grounds or nogrounds at all, including Ehe imprlsonnent of individuals on account of thenon-violent exerci6e of their fundanental hunan ri.ght.s, detention r'ilhout trial, ex tra-lerr i tor ial abduct.ion and forced repaCriation, detention incomnunicado,unfair lrial procedures. abuse of executive and pr€ventive deEenli.on and deathdurlng detention (see E/CN.A/Snb.2/1985,/13). 34. Other najor hunan rigbt.s problems, such as violations of trade union righCa and related civil liberties and the persistence of different forns of forcedlabout, have also been consistencly referred to in reports prepared by theInternational Labour Organisation. 35. while the probrens reterred to above provide serious cause for concern, theoverall picture of the past tiro year6 in terms of respect for civil and polieicalrighes also reflecls a nunber of rnajor, positive deveLopnents that nay be considered to be highly encouraging. ttost. notable anong these is the return toden€ratic forms of Government in a nunber ot countries and the continuation ofefforts in other States to achieve a nore democratic order and bo reconcile in acreative and construct.ive nanner the sonetirnes conflicEing interests of difteringpopulation groups Hithi.n national bordere. In nany instances the return to denocracy has been accornpanied by a spirit of national renelral and a major efforeto secute justice both for bhe victins and for lhe perpetrators of hunan rightsviolations. 36. Ac the international level, the establisbnent of various procedures forlbnltoring hunan rights problens is a tribute to the increasing recogniEion byStates, individually and collect.ively, of the inportance of identj.fying, exposing and seeking Co renedy najor violaEions at the earliest possible rrcrment. InA/ 40/577 Engl i sh Page I0 addition, Ehe increasing extent to ruhich staEes have been Prepared to co-operate construcEively in the application of those procedpres is also a cause for
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing human rights violations and the efforts of governments to improve respect for human rights and democratic institutions. It mentions specific issues such as arbitrary arrests, detention without trial, and forced labor, as well as the importance of cooperation among states to address human rights problems. The text does not seem to be focused on economic development, natural resources, or industry, but rather on the protection of human rights and the promotion of democratic values.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Human rights