29. The 1977 report also emphasized that, although it is an increasinglynorld-wide phenonenon, the intensity of the arns race varles narkedry f,aa*""r,regions. lihile fe, countries and no major region have stayed out of the arms race,the tern is not equally appropriate to descrif,e the gathering rnornentum for the process of expanding and nodernizing nir-itary forces. This process rnay intensifythe.wider arns race, particularly in regions wtrere countries ar" expor"d to political, military and other kinds of !r"""or.", where the rivalri.es of otherPo*'ers lead to lnvolvenent or interference, where territories are under forergnoccupation and where countries feer their sovereignty and independerr"" to o"directLy threatened. The factors deternining the size and volume of nationalnlritary outlays, the inertial forces which iovern their technorogical andstrategic orientation and the reciprocar cornpulslons thus generated in anaction-reaction process differ narkea[y within and arnong the various regions andmake their consequences felt in different ways vrithin und out"id" the iiarnework ofthe najor rnilitary alliances. whire describlng the arns race as a worrd-widephenomenon, it ls' therefore, essentiar that t;ese various factors be borne in mind so that effective meaEiures to correct its blind monentum are addressed to itscharacteristic f eatures. 30' The trends in 1981 confirrned the highry concentrated character of three najoraspects of the world military outlays identified Ln :1977, narnely, the worldnil itary ^ spending , the global expenditure on rnilitary R and D, and theinternatlonal arns trader (a) rccurate estinates based upon generarly accepted data indicating theshare of each country in r.rorr-d-r{ide .iriirry q)ending were as harar to come by aa in1977. This $as due to the non-availabil ity oi conplete data about all. thecountries - also because so''E countries do not provide adequate data on theirmilitary expenditures - as well as the problems of internationar differences withregard to statistical inforrnation, defi.nitlonal problems, exchange rate variation :nd non:.9lp1.abiI ity. !!,/ Nevertheless, the Stockholm Institute for peaceResearch (srPRr) and other research organizations have pubrished some estinateswhich give an indication of the orders of nagnitude involved, 12/ According to theestilEtes given by SIPRI, the six main military spenders - nentloned in the 1977report and referred to earlier (see para. 2g) continue to account for roughly70 per cent of all global mllj.tary spencling. By far, the largest share in theglobal total .comes fron the two najor nililary for"r". 13,/ These estimates alsoshorr' tbe t$ro rnajor nilitary alliances, namety-, -tn. 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the global arms race, military spending, and the concentration of military power among a few countries and alliances. The language used is technical and focused on military concepts, such as R&D and trade. The report also mentions the difficulties in obtaining complete data on military expenditures due to differences in statistical information and definitions. This suggests that the text is more focused on military and security issues rather than economic or social development.

**Category**
International trade, Science and technology