disarmament, whether these pertain to reductions in nilitary budgets, to redeployment of capital from the military to the civilian sectors of economy or to a diversion of a part of the huge gLoba1 military R and D effort torrards developing appropriate technologi.es of econornic relevance to the develoPing countries. Resolute inLernationa.l action with a view to freezing and gradually reducing che nilitary budgets is reguired. the activities now being undertaken to that endwilhin the united Natlons should be continued and intensified and, until appropriate international agreenents are negotiated, policies of self-reatraint in the field of nilitary expenditures should be encouraged. Besiales giving concrete effect to the direct relationship existing beEv.een disarnament and development ' the reduction of nilitary budgets, first of all of the budgets of the larqest and nost heavily arred countries, rrrould constltute an inportant disarrnament measure. rt A/37 /386 Engl ish Annex Page 57 $ould contribute to lowering the level of aU nltitary activities and not only of specific atmaments. ft would strengthen and increase confidence anong States, and contribute to the inprovenent of the international climate. 145. A necessary condition for vigilant and cxitical public accountability for the soclo-economic penalties of the arms race involves more openness of infornation about che magni.tude of nilitary spending, the nature, size and purPoses of nilitary outlays and deadly weapons arsenals, particularly in the nuclear fleld. ft also involves a contj.nuous and well-informed scrutiny of the lost opPortunities and the forecLosed options. Through a nunber of studies conducted with Ehe heIP of qualified experts and the insights provided by various research institutes' non-governmental organizatlons and other concerned groups, the Irnited Nations has become a clearing house of constructive ideas pertaining to the varlous asPects of the arns race and the inperative for disarnEment. Its role as a co-ordinator and
**Analysis**
The text discusses the relationship between disarmament and economic development, highlighting the need to redirect resources from military spending to civilian sectors. It also emphasizes the importance of transparency and public accountability in understanding the consequences of the arms race. Given the focus on the economic and social implications of disarmament, it is likely that the text falls under the category of economic development.

**Category**
Economic development, International relations