The realities of great power-its determinant effect ! mantled before a tide of bloodshed sweeps over that unhappy country. on international relations and the existence of spheres of influence-were clearly understood. But smaller nations felt that they were entitled to their views, and to their views being accepted as a factor in decision-making in the new international arrangements. 288. The Australian Government has already ‘instituted action against South Africa in such areas as official invest- ment and trade. It has established a code of conduct in which Australian companies operating in South Africa undertake not to profit from apartheid by using racist labor laws and practices. We are working on proposals for next month’s meeting of the Commonwealth heads of Government to appoint a group of international authori- ties to advance proposals for the peaceful transition of South Africa to a multiracial society based on universal adult suffrage. 281. This made for some feeling between great and small nations 40 years ago. It may still do so today. It is one of the great values of the United Nations that, after 40 years, the smaller voices can still be heard on matters affecting their well-being. 282. One of these matters is arms control and disarma- ment and the impact on it of the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Australia is a commit- ted member of the Western association of nations. We do not feel any need to be embarrassed about that. But we are also concerned about the mistrust which exists between the super-Powers and the dangers created by their confronta- tion. We are not ndive. We understand that divisions so deep cannot be willed away or removed overnight. 283. But we do urge great .Powers to take our concerns seriously. We urge them, in the course of this fortieth anni- 
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses international relations, the role of great powers, and the concerns of smaller nations in the context of the United Nations. It mentions specific actions taken by the Australian Government, such as imposing sanctions on South Africa and promoting arms control, which suggests a focus on global governance and international cooperation. While there is no explicit mention of economic development, natural resources, or environmental issues, the text's focus on international relations and the actions of governments implies a connection to broader global issues.

**Category**
International trade, International relations