approach will require us to progressively overcome the doctrine of nuclear deterrence, an organic component of the system of international security which was established after the Second World War, and which we want to rid outselves of within the foreseeable future. Today, as never before, this doctrine deserves detailed, impartial consideration. On the one hand, it is impregnated with the concept of the ennemy, the idea of mutual intimidation and competition in stockpiling nuclear weapons. It somehow absorbs into itself - or rather into the instruments of its implementation - all the weight of the stereotypes of mutual mistrust, suspicion, animosity and false, often grotesque perceptions about each other, which were built up during the long years of the "cold war". On the other hand, as long as these stereotypes and perceptions are not overcome, the doctrine of deterrence gives some countries a sense of security. Perhaps it is a misleading feeling similar to being under the influence of drugs. But it would be rash to deprive people of a sense of security, even if the security is imaginary, without giving them something in exchange. Finally, one must recognize that sometimes we were guilty of a simplistic approach to this doctrine and turned a blind eye to the fact that, in a given historical context, this doctrine did play a useful role in maintaining peace. To put it in a nutshell, I think it would be impossible to overcome this psychological barrier in a single leap and do away with nuclear weapons, as some suggest, unless humanity can see that the world it is entering will be more secure than the one it is leaving behind. In the present conditions building a nuclear-free world certainly cannot be understood as a simple return to the 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the concept of nuclear deterrence and its impact on international security, highlighting the need to overcome stereotypes and perceptions of enemy and mistrust. It also touches on the idea of replacing the current sense of security with a new, more secure world. The text does not mention specific economic, environmental, or technological aspects, but rather focuses on the psychological and societal implications of nuclear deterrence.

**Category**
International relations, Science and technology