United Kingdom citizen. The law on the use of lethal force is the same throughout the United Kingdom. 71. "Rules of Engagement" (ROE) are issued to servicemen to provide guidance on the use of force. ROE have no legal standing in themselves, but they are based upon and consistent with the requirements of the law. They aim to ensure that fire is opened only when justified, and as a last resort, in accordance with the law of the land and the doctrine of minimum force. Servicemen receive rigorous training in ROE as well as in weapon handling, weapon safety and marksmanship. 72. All incidents involving the use of firearms by members of the armed forces are investigated by both the military and the police authorities. The police have a duty to investigate any incidents involving servicemen resulting in death or injury, and, if they consider that a crime has been committed, to bring charges against those concerned. On completion of the investigation, the police pass the papers to the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) or, in Scotland, to the Procurator Fiscal (PF). If the DPP or PF directs that a prosecution should be brought, the courts must decide whether the prosecution has established beyond reasonable doubt that the accused has committed a criminal offence. If criminal action is not instituted or if the serviceman is not convicted as charged, it is still, if there is evidence of a breach of discipline, open to the service authorities to conduct a court martial and, depending on the outcome, to take disciplinary action. For example, servicemen can be disciplined for the negligent discharge of weapons and for breaches in military regulations even when there is no contravention of the law. 73. Since 1975, eight servicemen have been convicted of the manslaughter or 
**Analysis**
This text appears to be discussing the rules and procedures surrounding the use of lethal force by the military in the United Kingdom. It provides specific details about the laws and regulations governing the use of force, the investigation and prosecution of incidents, and the disciplinary actions that can be taken against servicemen. The text does not mention any specific economic, environmental, or scientific issues, but rather focuses on the legal and military aspects of the use of force.

**Category**
Justice, Humanitarian aid and relief