accused gives evidence and defence counsel examines the other defence witnesses, who are then cross-examined by prosecuting counsel. Prosecuting counsel makes his closing speech; defence counsel makes his closing speech; the judge sums up to the jury. The jury retires to consider its verdict and returns to the court-room to announce it. If it convicts the accused, the judge passes sentence on him. If it acquits him, he is a free man. 7/ Note that the remarks about discharge in (i) above apply equally to convictions on indictment. (iii) The foregoing is the briefest possible account of the course of criminal trials in England. A useful and much fuller summary of the procedures involved is given in Emmins, appendix A. Appeal can take place against conviction or sentence in either mode of trial. 6. Committal, commitment, remand: usage of these terms in England (i) Committal is the act whereby a court places a person in judicial custody in criminal or civil proceedings. Where a magistrates' court commits an accused person or a convicted offender to the Crown Court for trial or sentencing respectively, the term also means the referral of the proceedings from the former court to the latter. (ii) Committal and commitment are synonymous. Committal is normally used for the procedure, e.g. committal to the Crown Court, committal for trial/sentencing, committal to custody/in custody, conimittal tp pris.pn. Either committal or commitment is used for the related court order (see (iv) below). ¿/ The indictment specifies the offence or offences alleged against the defendant. Until it is signed by an officer of the Crown Court it is merely a bill of indictment. If drafted by counsel its delivery to that officer constitutes the preferment of the bill of indictment. If drafted by an officer of the Crown Court, drafting constitutes preferment. Broadly 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the process of criminal trials in England, including the procedures involved, terminology, and legal concepts. It does not seem to relate to any specific economic, environmental, or technological topic, and its focus is on the legal system rather than a particular industry or sector. Therefore, it is likely that the text falls under a category related to law or governance.

**Category**
Law, Justice