l lzetlon of R&D activities. the development level of production potentiality ensuring the materialization of new knowledge, etc. Nevertheless, the common principle applicable to any country underlines that progress In the field of S~T depends In many respects on the development of fundamental research as It Is a source of new Ideas. Its results from the basis of epplted re­ search, experimental end design development. end Introduction In practice. It also defines major directions of a long-term _sci .. • title and technoJogJcal strategy and prospects of structural policy of Individual countries. While co.partng the votuaes of R&D resources allocated In the CMEA .. aber States and tndustrlalty developed capitalist countries It Is ·necessary to bear In •lnd the feet that relatively low share of funclaMntal research expenditures of.,thee tor•er Is co•penseted. to a certain degree, by the Intensive· exchange of 'the results carried out on a free of charge basts. especially within the ftaaework of co-operation of their aced••'•• of sciences. · . Under such conditions co-ordinated sclentlflc•technologlcal policy deslgned tor optiMue use of the aggregate resources of the CMEA •eeber States allocated for·R&D actlvftles acquires •ajor significance. ·co-ordinated reallocation of resources al toted for concrete types of R&D activities 1ft the countries makes It possible to •alntaln a high level of research In strategic dlrec• tlons of S&T, and avoid unjustified duplication of the countries• efforts Jn solving sclentlfJc•teehnoJoglcal probJeas. ObJective• ly this conditions the necessity of takl~g tnto account do•estlc factors. and pee u t Jar J t les of the deve.topMn f of each con try as well as the possibilities of scJentlftc~technologlcat specializa­ tion and cooperation whiCh becoaes available under conditions of the socialist eeonoelc Integration. · Under· present conditions the rational utll hatton of potential abilities of personnel engaged ln.R&D actlvftles Is 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the development of research and development (R&D) activities, the allocation of resources, and the coordination of scientific and technological policies among countries. It highlights the importance of fundamental research, the exchange of results, and the optimization of resources to achieve a high level of research in strategic directions. The text also mentions the need to take into account domestic factors, country-specific development, and the possibilities of scientific and technological specialization and cooperation. Given these themes, it appears that the text is primarily focused on the development of science and technology.

**Category**
Science and technology