and the mass media. The Soviet Constitution provided that no party, organisation Or movement might act in a manner that led to discrimination of a racial or religious nature. Under the new Act on the press and the mass media, adopted on 1 August 1990, no one was permitted to use the media to advocate national, racial or religious exclusivity or intolerance. In 1989, there had been 69 cases of alleged dissemination of racial hatred, Dozens of people had already been Convicted, mainly in the Republic of Georgia and in Central Asia. Referring to the particular cases mentioned by members of the Committee, he said that the movement known as Pamvat was sometimes used as a cover by other groups, which distributed anti-Semitic material. More than 1,400 people had been prosecuted for disseminating racial hatred in the previous two and a half years but, in his view, Criminal prosecution had to he a last resort in the struggle to eliminate racial discrimination. 267. The compensation that the courts could award was not enough to satisfy people whose relatives had been killed in inter-ethnic conflicts. It was essential to use political, economic and other measures to prevent the occurrence Of racial discrimination. Because of the serious consequences resulting from inter-ethnic conflicts, the Government had increased the penalties for such crimes in 1989, especially for officials who practised or condoned racial discrimination while on duty. 263. With reference to article 5 of the Convention, the representative stated that the Soviet Government: had recently taken a number o,f measures to implement its obligations under that article and indicated, in particular, that the Government had greatly relaxed the rules governing temporary visits abroad by Soviet citizens. Four million people enjoyed their right to travel abroad in 1989. The 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing issues related to human rights, specifically racial discrimination, freedom of speech, and the implementation of international obligations. The language used is formal and official, suggesting that it may be a report or statement from a government or international organization. The content focuses on the Soviet Union's efforts to combat racial discrimination and promote human rights, which suggests that the category is related to human rights and social issues.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Education