Such rational management and optimum utilization could be realised only through co-operation among the States concerned - for example, through consultations, regular exchange of data, joint projects, bilateral tirrangements and, where deemed appropriate, the establishment of permanent institutional machinery. Some members, however, wondered whether the article was absolutely necessary. The view was expressed in thie. .zonnection that the obligation contained therein was simply a concrete application of the general obligation to co-operate set forth in article 9.The question wa6 furthermore asked whether that obligation did not involve duplication of the terms of pareyraph 3 of article 4 since the establishment of a joint orgenization would need an agreement to that effect. 277. On the queetion whether there waa a rule of international law involving a duty to consult with a view to establishing a joint body or organisation, the view was expreseed that while the answer might be in the negative a8 far 88 general international law was concerned, there were specffic fields of regulation where the establishment of institutional mechenisms was dictated by the logic of the subject matter being regulated and by the interdependence of the States concerned and that such seemed to be the situation in the caee under consideration. 278. As regards organizational arrangements, the remark was made that, while there was a need for such arrengements, as suggested by the Special Rapportwur, the ehortezt way towards that goal lay in adopting recommendations which eACh State could use in the light of its specific situation, and that it would be premature to raise mechanisms established by virtue of bilateral agreements to thz status of binding international rules. A further view was that, given their framework nature, the draft articlefi should not provide for the establishment of a permanent orgenizotion and that it should be left to the parties to future watercourse agreements to define
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the management and utilization of natural resources, specifically watercourses, and the establishment of institutional mechanisms to facilitate cooperation among states. The language used is formal and diplomatic, suggesting a context of international law and negotiations. The text also touches on the idea of joint projects and bilateral agreements, which are common themes in international cooperation.

**Category**
Natural resources and environment, International trade