20. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights clearly excludes non-nationals fron the righCs specified in arEicle 25. It explicitly states that every citizen shall have tbe rigbt and the opportunity to take part in the conduc! of public affairs, to vote and to be elected, and to have access, on general terns ot equality, Co public service i.n hi.s country. 2l- At the same tine, the International Covenant on Civil and Polilical Righls nakes certain provi,sions for non-citizens. gnder article I3, an alien Lai.rfully in the territory ot a State has the right not to be arbitrarily enpelled. 22, Other articles in t.he International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights all.oo more than one interpretation as to the applicability to non-citizens. Tbeprovision in article 12 Chat averyone lawfully r.ithin the territory of a State has L/40/694/Add.L Enqlish Paoe I trthe right to freedon ot novenent and freedon to choose his residence" (para. I) r and t.he right of everyone to "Ieave any counery" (para, 2) . are not alnays vieeed as unrestricted riqhts tor non-nationals. Thus, durinq tbe discussion of this i.ssue in the Conmission on Human Rights th,o points were made. l0/ On the one hand, several- speakers noted that it migh! be considered legitimate or necessary for a state to impose restrictions on these riqhts for niqrant eorkers under certain clrcumstances. On the other hand, it ldas widely felt that any such restrictions dhould be consistent oith lhe olher rights recognized in Che present Covenant and atlention r.ra€ draon to the i.mportance of the general provisions on non-d i. sc r iminat ioo in artic!e 2, paraqrapt! l. According to tbose provisions, each State party "undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals eithin i.ts territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recogni.zed i.n tbe present
**Analysis**
The text primarily discusses the rights of individuals, specifically non-nationals, in relation to their participation in public affairs, voting, and access to public service. It also touches on their freedom of movement and residence. These topics are more related to human rights and governance rather than economic development or other specific sectors.

**Category**
Human rights, Employment