ability, devotion and fairness and assure you of our co-operation. 18. I should like also to extend our congratulations to our President for last month, the Ambassador of Peru, for the skilful and extremely patient and devoted manner in which he conducted our proceedings last month. 19. It is perhaps unnecessary to remind ourselves that sanctions against Southern Rhodesia are not an end in themselves: they are a means to an end. Their purpose is to help to bring about a just and acceptable settlement of the problem of Southern Rhodesia and the end of the illegal rebellion. I agree with other speakers that we should not underestimate the effects of sanctions so far. Even with the present defects in their application, they have had some effect on the economy of Rhodesia and on the thinking of the illegal regime. But they have not yet pinched hard enough to bring it to contemplate a settlement which is acceptable to the Rhodesian people as a whole. We have to consider why this has been so. 20. The existing sanctions in themselves are comprehen- sive in scope. My delegation has no doubt at all that if they had been fully and conscientiously applied by all States professing to support sanctions, the trade conducted through South Africa and the Portuguese Territories would have been drastically reduced, and the effect on the regime’s willingness to come to a just and acceptable settlement would have been that much greater. 21, In considering what should be done now, therefore, the touchstone-the criterion-must be the effectiveness of what is proposed as a means towards stopping the illegal trade which continues and, therefore, towards promoting the chances of a just and acceptable settlement in Southern Rhodesia. Paper sanctions are useless; political gestures do not get us anywhere. What is required, rather than a paper 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a diplomatic speech discussing the topic of sanctions against Southern Rhodesia, focusing on their effectiveness in promoting a just and acceptable settlement. The language used is formal and diplomatic, suggesting a context of international relations. The text does not mention specific economic development projects, natural resources, or environmental issues.

**Category**
International trade, Politics