linksbetween drugtrafficking, otherorganized crime.violence and corruption wereveryclear.Illicit opiumpoppycultivation undoubtedly existed inpartsoftheareaoftheSub-Commission andinspiteofdomestic illicit demandstillprovided aconsiderable quantity ofillicit opiates and especially heroinintended forexporttotheIslamic Republic ofIranandlo partsofwestern EuropeandNorthAmerica. Noopiumhadbeenproduced in TurkeyduringthelasttenyearssincetheGovernment hadadopled thepoppy strawmethodforproviding rawmaterial forlegitimate worldmedical needs. Forty-one clandestine laboratories hadbeenseized inPakistan in1983. 32.Noillicit opiumpoppycultivation hadbeendetected intheIslamic Republic ofIranin1984whereallmajortraffickers carrying anyquantity of anydrugpurposely andwithintenttotraffIc wereliable tocapital punishment. Manytraffickers werenationals ofneighbouring statesalongthe country's eastern frontiers. Thesepenalties andotherlegislative and administrative measures hadmarkedly increased thepriceofillIcit opiates withIntheIslamic Republic ofIranandwerecontributing toaswitchin trafficking routessothattraffickers avoided national territory andtended touseairports andseaports inotberstatesastransit routes. Theobserver fromtheSub-Commission hopedlhalanobserver fromHONtRA wouldattendthe nextaUlumnmeeting oftheSUb-Commission whichwouldbeheldinTeheran so astoconsider practical countermeasures tocurrent problems intheareaof theSub-Commission itself. 33.Theobserver fromChina,affirming hisGovernment's fullsupport forell measures toguardthehealthoftheworld's peoples, outlined measures taken during1950and1952inChinatoeradicale thecatastrophe ofopiumabuse whichhadpreviously existed. Thesemeasures included: thebannIng ofall opiumpoppycultivation; severepunishment foroffenders andalimited time periodforthesurrender ofallmaterials usedforabuseandavoidance of addiction. Theyhadreceived thefullsupport oftheChinese people andhad beensuccessful forthreedecades. Now.unfortunately, ahandful of foreigners weretakingadvantage ofChina's open-door policy andanumberof attempts totransit Chinawithdrugshadbeendetected. Thishadbeen undertaken bytourists whocameallegedly forsightseeing ortovisit relatives. Attempts attransittraffic hadbeendetected atmajorairports, mainlyofdrugsfromSouthEastAsia.Therehadalsobeenproblems onthe south-western frontiers ofChinawheresomeborder-crossing withdrugshad beenattempted. thesehadbeenovercome. ThePenalCodehadbeenamended in 1982andthoseconvicted oftrafficking offences. whether theywereChinese nationals orforeigners, nowfacedpenalties ranging fromtenyearstolife imprisonment andcapital punishment andwouldforfeitallassets. 34.Theobserver fromtheInternational Narcotics control Board(INCD) agreedwiththeoverall assessments bytherepresentatives ofInterpol and theDivision anddescribed thesituation worldwide asincreasingly serious withanincreasing numberofcountries affected bydrugtraffic. This, however, waSbeingcountered byunprecedented co-ordinated countermeasures b~ theworldcommunity. TheINCBcommended inparticular workbeingdoneto improve communications between theSUb-CommIssion andHONLEA. Heoutlined theworkofINCHtocontrol andmonitor thelegaltradeandmovement of drugs. Averygoodresponse fromGovernments intermsofvoluntary reporting oflicitrequirements hadfolledanllmberofattempts atlarge--scale -E/CN.711985/9 page10 diversion ofsubstances inSchedule 11oftheConvention onPsychotropic Substances. Itwasemphasized thatthecontrol problem ofpsychotropic substances wasinsomerespects morecomplex thanthatofnarcotic drugsand deserved thespecial attention oflawenforcement agencies. 35.Theobserver fromtheFederal Republic ofGermany saidthattherewasno decrease indemandforillicit drugs. Heroinwaslikelytobeprominent for thenexlfewyears; cannabis wasincreasingly abusedanditseemedcertain thatcocaine abusewouldrise.TheFederal Republic ofGermany wasbotha market andatransit areaforlllicit drugs. Cannabis camefromtheNearand MiddleEastandAfrica, particularly GambiaandNigeria. Heroinoriginated bothintheNearandMiddle EastandSouthEastAsia.HeroinfromtheNear andMiddleEastcamemainly byairandoverland withaircargonowbeingused forsmuggling fromPakistani heroinobtaIned inTurkeygenerally came overland. Inrespect ofSouthEastAsia,heroinroutesweregenerally by
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a report on the global drug trade, specifically focusing on the production, trafficking, and control of illicit drugs such as opium, heroin, and cannabis. The report highlights the illegal cultivation of opium poppy, the smuggling of drugs, and the efforts of governments and international organizations to combat drug trafficking. The text also touches on the health and social impacts of drug abuse.

**Category**
Health, International trade