~/Foramorecomprehensive discussion oftheseissuessee,inparticular,thereportoftheAdhocGroupofExperts toStUdyWaysandMeansofImprovingTransit-Transport Infrastructure andServices forLand-locked Developing Countries(TD/B/1002-TD/B/AC.39/3); D.Nowlan, "Land-locked developing countries: theircharacteristics andspecial development problems", (UNCTAD/ST/LDC/5), 1985;andA.Ngororano, "Freight transport: areviewofdevelopment issues" inDevelopingWorld, LandTransport, London, 1987,pp.216-223. ~/See,inparticular, thenotebytheSecretary-General ofUNCTADentitled"Studyoftheestablishment ofafundinfavouroftheland-locked developingcountries" (E/5507), 1974.Country reports prepared recently withintheframeworkofUNCTAD/UNDP/technical assistance projects inAfricahavealsoprovided evidencebearing thisout. Q/Theinformation ontheAfrican regionisbasedlargely onUNCTAD workwithintheprojects referred toinfootnote ~/. I .••A/44/588 English Page36 ~(continued) 11SATCCconsists ofatechnical unit,whichisstaffed largely bytechnical assistance personnel, mainly fromNordiccountries. TheSATCCprogramme includes projects forcapital investment, operational co-ordination, andtraining, andit coverssevenareas: roads,railways, portsandwatertransport, civilaviation, telecommunications, meteorology andpostalservices. Thecapital investment programmes areoriented towards rehabilitation andupgrading existing facilities, although thereissomeprovision fornewfacilities (forexample, theNorthern Corridor project inMalawi). Amajoraimistoopenthetransit corridors thatare currently unusable. Theprogramme ofoperational co-ordination isdesigned to prevent futuredeterioration oftransport infrastructure andequipment andalsoto ensureefficient usageoffacilities. TheUNDP/UNCTAD technical assistance transit-transport project (RAF/86/046) hasbeensupporting theSATCCprogramme by providing advisory services toGovernments inmostoftheseareasonaregular basis. ~IForamorecomprehensive analysis ofthecontingency imflications ofthe possible disruption oftheroutesthrough SouthAfrica, see"Theeffects of southern African borderclosures onthedemandfortransit-transport fromsouthern Africaland-locked countries withparticular reference totheportofDares Salaam" (UNCTAD/RDP/LDC/2), 1988. ~ICharles Gore,Lecturer attheUniversity ofSwansea (United Kingdom), madeavaluable contribution tothisanalysis. 101AnUNCTADstudycovering 85developing countries, including 19 land-locked countries, provides evidence ofthisconstellation. SeeTD/B/C.1/236.APPENDIX Stati.tical tabl•• B••tCopyAVIUlbleA/44/588 En91hh Pa9837 I •••Appea!lu tab1.e 1. 5e1.ected 9eograpbica1. and~rapbic data: land-1.ocked devel.opiDg COUDtries Popu!atiOD Average Density 1.Ue l:n£ant Labourforce Area (population ezpectaDcy -xtality (perc:eotaqe) (thousands DistaDCe per Tot:a.l atbirtb (per1..000 OrbaD l:D 110 of totheseaya2)(aillioo) (years) livebirtbS) (percentage) <IIlJri.cal.tal:e i9dustry CouDtry 02) (kII) 1987 1987 1980-1985 1980-1.985 1985 1986 1986 AfgbaDistan 652.1 2000-10 600 29 19.1 31 194 19 51 14.!!I Bbuuo. 47.0 800 31 1.5 46 139 4 91 3~ Bolivia 1098.6 250-2736 6 6.8 51 124 44 43 ;'0!!I Botswana 581.7 1100-1400 2 1.2 55 76 20 66 15 Burk'.Da Faso 274.2 900-1210 27 7.3 45 150 8 85 5 Burundi 27.8 1455-1850 180 5.0 47 124 2 92 3 Central. African Republic 623.0 1400-1815 5 2.8 43 142 45 67 7
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the development of land-locked countries, specifically in the context of transportation infrastructure and services. It mentions the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to Study Ways and Means of Improving Transit-Transport Infrastructure and Services for Land-locked Developing Countries, and references various reports and studies on the topic. The text also highlights the importance of transit corridors and the potential disruption of routes through South Africa. Additionally, it provides statistical data on various land-locked countries.

**Category**
Transport and communication, International trade