land-locked andtranlit countries oftheregion, themeeting hasbeenattended by representativ'l ofdonorsandotherinterelted countriel, aswellalregional and international or9anizations, todiscuss andsuggest suitable solutions tothe issuesandproblems facingtheland-locked countriel, including prop~sall for Ip.cific activiti'l related totheparticular needlofthesecountriel. The Special Bodyhalnotmet ov~rthelastfiveyearsowingtofinancial constraints. However, ongoing andplanned activities arebeingcarried out.Anational workshop ontradefacilitation isbeingplanned forNepalin1989. WorldroodCOUncil 72.TheCouncil halalwaysr.cognized thatland-locked countries hadtomake specialeffortl tomeettheirfoodneedsthrough agreater integration ofnotional andsubregional fo~dstrategies. Emphasis hastobeputonstrengthening infrastructur.s related toagricultural production -partiCUlarly inthe processing, storage andtransport areas-oswellasontheimprovement ofthe interregional tradeenvironment. WFChosinthatcontext heldseveral regional meetings inAfrica, Whichhavehighlighted thepotential benefits ofgreater co-operation amongland-locked countries ontheseissues. 2.Specialized agencies andrelated organizations 0' theUnitedNatiOnS system l~national LabourOrganisation 73.Th.mainthrUltofILOactivities wastoal.iltthesecountries inemployment creation, humanre.ourcel development andinstitution-building withaviewto increasing th.irlelf-reliance. Theshortage ofqualified andskilled manpower was oneofthemajorconltraints facing 011land-locked countries. Inmanycases, ILO conduct.d, throu9hitsregional centres andadvisory I.rvicel, manpower Itudi.s and asseslment oftraining needs. The.eweredirected towards increasing thenational I •••A/44/588 English Page29 capacities forsustainable devlopment. ILOtechnical co-operation expenditure increased trom$14.8million to$19.7million from1985to1986.In1987,the expenditnnlevelwas$18.1515million forthe21land-lockeCl countriel. [QQdandAgriQulturlLOrgan1lotion oftheUnitedNationl 74.TheFAORemoteSensing Centreprovided alsistonce tolond-locked developing countries bybackltopping remotelenlingprojectl andremotelenling components in regional projects. TheFAOGlobalInformation ondEarlyWarning System onFoodand AgriCUlture, whichallouses,.interalia,information obtained fromtheFAORemote Sensing Centre, continued tomonitor cropconditions. ~roduction prospecta andfood supplies inland-locked developing countries. FAO'sFoodSecurity Allistance Schemecontinued tohelpland-locked developing countries toimprove theirfood security situation andtoachieve agreator degreeofself-reliance intheareaof foodandagriCUlture. Duringtheperiod19815-1988, 14ofthemreceived such assistance atanational level(20projects) andthrouQh lubregional Icheme. (Permanent Inter-State Committee onDrought Control intheSahel(CILSS) andSADCC, 4projects). Intheareaofcropproduction, thegeneral FAOpolicy, withregard toland-locked developing countries, istopromote foodself-SUfficiency forimport substitution andhigh-value cropswithlowtransport~tion costs. Training in agricultural policyanalysis forimproved planning ondimplementation of agriCUltural andruraldevelopment programmAI andprojects ilanother areawhere FAOhasassisted land-locked developing countries. A1IO,methodological workand training activities havetakenplaceindocentralized planning, namelywithregard tosmall-scale projects. Inthefieldofnutrition, FAOundertook awidevariety ofactivities concerned withfood ~~nsump.tion inland-locked developing countries. l~rnat1onol Civil Ay~tiQn OrgonizAtign 75.Anumberofspecific actions havebeentokenbyIeAOtoensurethatasmany Statesaspossible accordtothecarriers ofotherStatestheso-called "first freedom oftheair",thatis,theprivilege toflyacrosstheterritory ofanother Statewithout landing. Theseincudes Assembly resol~tion A21-28urgingStates thathavenotyetdonesotoconsider becoming parties totheInternational Air Services Transit Agreementl recommendation 7oftheThirdAirTransport Conference (Montreal, October/November 1985)regarding non-discrimination inauthorizing
**Analysis**
The text discusses the challenges faced by landlocked countries, particularly in terms of trade facilitation, employment, and food security. It highlights the efforts of various organizations, such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), to address these challenges through various initiatives and projects.

**Category**
Economic development, Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Transport and communication, International trade