From the foregoing general presentation It Is not difficult to see that Ethiopia faces a number of problems and deficiencies In S&T. These problems and deficiencies can be overcome by deliberate planned activities underta~3n as appropriate and In consonance with national development priorities. To this effect an attempt has been made to draft a 10 year perspective plan for S&T. There Is. however, lack of experience In S&T planning and management which has made the whole task of planning an extremely difficult and frustrating venture. 114 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN GHANA INTRODUCTION The concept of national planning Implies the Institution of conscious pol lcles, processes and activities aimed at achieving specific desirable economic and social goals. As science and technology Is a tool for development more than an entity In Itself so Is planning for science and technology an Integral pert of the National Development Plan. A Science and Technology Plan·def lnes the most appropriate science Infrastructures to be developed end the strategy for achieving the goals of the National Development Plan. National Development Plans. however scantily documented, are de-facto expressions of the will of all Governments for the orderly development and progress of their people~ Consequently, National Development Plans can be said to have had a history -related to the age of governing In all environments. Science and Techn-ology, as organ I zed In the 20th century, Is new. Consequent! y p lann lng of science and technology support for National Development Plans Is also new for many developing countries Including Ghana. This situation coupled with the lack of awareness of the need to expand knowledge for the promotion of action for national development may have accounted for the dilemma of the Third World Countries In harmonising science and technology planning with National Develop­ ment Plans. 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the importance of planning and management in science and technology (S&T) for national development, highlighting the challenges faced by Ethiopia and the need for a 10-year perspective plan. It emphasizes the connection between S&T and national development, and how planning for S&T is an integral part of the national development plan. This suggests that the text is focused on the relationship between S&T and national development, rather than a specific sector like industry or agriculture.

**Category**
Science and technology