12to18,22,23,24ofthe1925International OpiumConvention, asamended bythe Protocol of1946;articles 6,7,12, 14, 18and22ofthe1931Convention for Limiting theManufacture andRegulating theDistribution ofNarcotic Drugs, as amended bytheProtocol of1946:article 9,paragraph 4,andarticles 12,13,15, 19,20,21,21bis,25,31,40and49ofthe1961Single Convention onNarcotic Drugs, asamended bythe1972Protocol; aswellasvarious articles ofthe1931 Convention forLimiting theManufacture andRegulating theDistribution ofNarcotic Drugs, andofthe1953Protocol: articles 4,5,6,7,9and19ofthe1953Protocol forLimiting andRegulating theCultivation ofthePoppyPlant, theProduction of International andWholesale Tradein,andUseofOpium; andarticles 13and16,as theyrelatetonarcotic drugs, ofthe1988United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic inNarcotic DrugsandPsychotropic Substances. 28.40 Drugsarenecessary forthealleviation ofpain. Atthesametime,their abuseisharmful toindividuals andsocieties. Itisessential, therefore, to organize theavailability ofdrugsforlegitimate purposes insuchawayasto avoiddiversion intoillicit channels. Itcanbeachieved through various measures controlling cultivation, manufacture, distribution anduseofnarcotic drugs. It canalsobeachieved through thequantitative limitation ofproduction, manufacture, tradeinanduseofnarcotic drugs, according toannual plans elaborated jointly byGovernments andINCB(estimates system). 28.41 Accordingly, theobjectives ofthesubprogramme are: (a)Tomaintain acleardistinction between thelegitimate tradeandthe illicit traffic; -12- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(b)Todetermine theactual requirements innarcotic drugsformedical and scientific purposes foreachcountry andterritory oftheworldinordertoensure adequate availability andavoidoversupply; (c)Todetermine limits ofquantities thateachcountry andterritory is authorized toobtain through manufacture and/or import; (d)Toprovide additional safeguards totheinternational tradebasedonthe authorization ofeachtransaction byboththeauthorities oftheimporting and exporting countries; (e)Tomonitor thelicittradeinordertoensurethatexportofnarcotic drugsdoesnotexceed theestimated needsofcountries formedical use; (f)Toensurethatallcontrol measures aimedatpreventing diversion tothe illicit traffic areimplemented byallcountries; (g)Todetect weaknesses inthelegislation ortheadministrative structures orprocedures thatneedtobecorrected. (b)Course ofaction oftheSecretariat 28.42 Continuous assessment ofestimated requirements innarcotic drugsfurnished byGovernments willbecarried outwiththecompilation ofbackground information necessary forthereview byINCBofannual estimates andofsupplementary estimates. Computation ofrevised totalswillbemadeforeachcountry or territory anddetermination oftheauthorized levelofmanufacture and/orofimport ofnarcotic drugs. Dataonproduction, manufacture, utilization, consumption, stocks, seizures anddisposal ofseized drugs, imports andexports, willbe gathered andanalysed toensurethatallquantities ofdrugsavailable ineach country andterritory areaccounted for,thatsupplies ofdrugsforeachcountry andterritory arewithin pre-established limits andthatnodiversion occursinthe international trade. 28.43 Inaddition, assistance willcontinue tobegiventoGovernments inorderto facilitate effective implementation bytheirnational drug-control administrations oftheestimates system bycontributing toresearch withregardtobetter assessment ofworld-wide supplyofanddemand fornarcotic drugsandbyproviding training andadvice tonational drug-control administrators. SUBPROGRAMME 7.INTERNATIONAL MONITORING OFLICIT TRADE INANDUSEOFPSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES (a)Objectives 28.44 Thelegislative authority forthepresent subprogramme derives fromarticles 3,12,13,16and18ofthe1971Convention onPsychotropic Substances; articles 13
**Analysis**
The text appears to be related to the regulation and control of narcotic drugs, including their cultivation, manufacture, distribution, and use. It mentions international conventions, protocols, and agreements, which suggests that it is a global issue. The text also emphasizes the importance of ensuring the availability of drugs for legitimate medical purposes while preventing diversion into illicit channels. This indicates that the topic is closely related to public health and the fight against drug trafficking.

**Category**
Health, International trade