consequences oftheincidence ofunemployment andunderemployment, poverty and malnutrition. 12.32 Thecontent ofmajorsocialservices -education, health, housing and welfare andcommunity services -willbestudied amongcountries andovertimein ordertounderstand themostproductive waysofresponding tochanges inthe composition ofthepopulation, morbidity andmortality patterns, theneedto equalize opportunities foreducation amongregions, thesexesandothergroups and toabsorb anduseavailable innovative technology. Changing socialinstitutions suchasthefamily andnewbehaviour patterns, including theparticipation ofwomen intheworkforce,willbeareasforresearch. Thefocusonkeyaspects ofhuman resource development willremainimportant duringthisdecade. 12.33 Asnewpolicies andpolicy instruments require newinstitutional arrangements fortheirimplementation, thereassessment oftheroleofGovernments infurthering theprocesses ofeconomic andsocial development, thenature of markets, thecontribution ofnon-governmental organizations andtheefficiency ana -9-efficacy ofselected institutions willbesubjects ofresearch andanalysis during theperiodoftheplan. Thosequestions willbeespecially important tomany countries, inparticular thoseofEastern Europe, whereinnovation ininstitutional arrangements isexpected, andintheleastdeveloped countries, especially in Africa, wherethereform ofexisting institutions andtheemergence ofnew institutions areconsidered important. 12.34 Research, stUdies andanalyses willbeundertaken ontheinterrelationship between economic andsocial factors andtheconsequences ofchanges indemography andincomes, advances intechnology onthephysical andthesocial environment and meansofmaximizing benefits andminimizing long-term coststosociety; studies willbeundertaken toexamine thetransformation ofselected economic andsocial institutions tofosterfaster, moreefficient andequitable growthpatterns, to identify patterns ofhumanresources development moreconducive todesired patterns ofeconomic growth, andtoidentify national andmultilateral policies tohelp prevent thespread ofemerging socialills,suchasdrugsandAIDS,whichhave important international dimensions. 12.35Studies willbeprepared onpolicies fortheeradication ofpoverty andon national andinternational distribution ofincome andsocialbenefits inrelation todifferent patterns ofproduction. Reviewwillalsobecarried outofthe interrelationships ofvarious social andeconomic factors, inthecontext of development plansandstrategies forthe1990s. 12.36 Thelevelling andeventual reduction ofdefence expenditures indeveloped anddeveloping countries opentheopportunity toshifthumanandfinancial resources tosocial andeconomic progr~es domestically andinternationally. Thoseeventual shifts andthesocial andeconomic impactinthesectors orareas concerned willbeanalysed incollaboration withregional commissions andrelevant organsoftheUnited Nations system. 12.37 Alsoduringthisperiod, studies onthetransfer ofresources toandfrom developing countries willcontinue, providing assessments oftheflowoffinancial resources between thedeveloping anddeveloped countries, withanalyses ofwaysof enhancing suchflowsandmaximizing theirbenefits. 12.38 Research andpOlicy-oriented analysis willalsobefocused onaspects ofthe worldeconomy ofrelevance tonational development indeveloping countries andon measures forenhancing international co-operation andforstrengthening national efforts forintegrated development. Attention willbegiventothedevelopment and strengthening oflinkswiththeinternational scientific andintellectual community, inparticular thenon-governmental organizations andtheregional commissions, withrespect toregional problems. 12.39 Todrawonresources notreadily available intheSecretariat, toheighten
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on the consequences of unemployment, poverty, and malnutrition, and the role of governments, non-governmental organizations, and institutions in addressing these issues. It also discusses the importance of human resource development, education, and international cooperation in achieving economic and social development.

**Category**
Economic development, Education, Employment, Health, International trade