lv) Mo~ltorlng on a continuous basis, the execution of any contract or agreement so registered. CONSTRAINTS TO PC.NNING AND MANAGEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS There are a number of constraints which tend to thwart the effective application of science and technology to development In Nigeria. One of such constraints Is the severe shortage of trained high and medium level technical manpower. and a general lack of managerial and executive capacity In the country, to execute the scientific and technological plans, programmes and projects. Therefore, In an attempt to redress the situation, measures have been taken to effect some re-organisation In the 194 nation's educational system to ensure adequate training for scientists and technologists on a continuous basis. For a start• It Is now a matter of pol Icy that a large percentage of fresh students Intake Into the Universities,· must be In science-related fields. Moreover, more Universities and particularly, Unlversr­ tles of Technology have been establ !shed In the country, to provide additional opportunities and facilities for the training In basic sciences to support the national technological diYilop­ ment. Speclflcal ly, the curriculum In the basic sciences II btlng restructured In such a way as to emphasis the concept as ••I I as the appl lcatlon of the knowledge to the solution of deveJopMintal problems. Additionally, Interest In the basic sciences Is being stimulated through a series of programmes to popularlse science among the populace. These programmes embody the Young Scientist Competition which Is designed to encourage students to develop and sustain Interest In science and to prepare them for scltntl~ fie engagements that wll I substantially aid In the socio-economic development of the country. Other programmes lncludiJ the Science and Technolpgy Fairs and exhibitions used as tori tor displaying creative abilities and Innovations, support tor produ~ ctlon of scientific publ !cations, films and other educational 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the constraints to the effective application of science and technology to development in Nigeria, and the measures taken to address this issue. The focus is on the education system, the training of scientists and technologists, and the promotion of science and technology through various programs. This suggests that the main theme is the development of human capital and the promotion of science and technology, which is closely related to economic development and education.

**Category**
Education, Science and technology