174. Those in categories (b)-(f) do not have the right of abode and are subject to immigration control. The replacement of the status of CUKC by a new citizenship was intended to reflect more accurately the strength of the connection with the United Kingdom or the dependent territories. 175. Since the second periodic report, the Immigration Act 1988 has introduced two changes which are relevant to article 12. The first concerns entry by Persons claiming the right of abode. The Immigration Act 1971, as amended by the British Nationality Act 1981, did not require certain categories of people to prove their claim to the right of abode by means of a certificate of entitlement or a British passport confirming that right. This was not a matter of concern while the numbers involved were small and their claims could CCPR/C/58/Add.6 page 40 be confirmed by other means on arrival. However, the numbers who sought to exploit these provisions indicated that this provided an avenue for the potential abuse of the control that could not be ignored. The Government decided to close this loophole by providing, in section 3 of the Immigration Act 1988, that anyone claiming a right of abode in the United Kingdom must establish that claim either by producing a certificate of entitlement or a British passport confirming his or her right of abode. There is no right of appeal before removal against any decision that such a person requires leave to enter if he arrives without either document. This is consistent with the general approach adopted under the 1971 Act and the Immigration Rules that those seeking to settle in the United Kingdom should establish their entitlement to do so before they set out. There is, of course, a right of appeal abroad against refusal of a certificate of entitlement. 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing immigration policies and regulations, specifically the right of abode and the requirements for entry into the United Kingdom. The language used suggests a focus on legal and administrative procedures, rather than economic, social, or cultural issues. The text also mentions the potential for abuse of the system, which implies a concern with security and control.

**Category**
Immigration, Employment