that sanctions had not worked. The limited sanctions imposed by the international community had taken their toll of the South African economy. In paragraphs 28 to 36 of the report, the Special Rapporteur enumerated the structural weaknesses of the apartheid economy and in the succeeding paragraphs E/CN.4/Sub.2/1990/SR.l2 page 5 he indicated the measures taken by the Government of South Africa to counter sanctions -for example structural adjustment programmes such as privatization of public enterprises and corporations. 16. She noted in paragraphs 52 to 60 of the report the shortcomings in the measures adopted by foreign Governments to implement economic sanctions against South Africa. In trade, South Africa had been able to evade sanctions by diverting imports and exports through third countries and offshore facilities, and some of the countries collaborating with the apartheid regime went so far as disguising the South African origin of products, by false labelling, false certificates of origin and transformation as in the case of coal channelled to Europe through Rotterdam and Antwerp. It was regrettable, too, that some countries were only waiting in the wings to step into the shoes of disinvestors, the most guilty being countries in the Far East and Europe. In spite of world condemnation of apartheid, the list of countries still doing business with the regime filled a 100-page report. 17. Despite the limited sanctions imposed by the international community, there was no doubt that sanctions were effective, as witnessed positive changes taking place in South Africa. Moreover, as a result of "people's sanctions", targeted against the major banks and corporations doing business with South Africa, there had been a marked decline in new bank lending and foreign investment in South Africa. As noted in paragraph 57 of the report, 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the impact of economic sanctions on South Africa's economy, including the measures taken by the government to counter sanctions, as well as the effectiveness of sanctions in bringing about positive changes in the country. The text also touches on the issue of international trade and the ways in which some countries were able to evade sanctions.

**Category**
International trade, Industry