exist a number of contracts with foreign countries for the provision of capacity on communications satellites. III. Co-operation on the basis of bilateral intergovernmental agreements In 19669 an intergovernmental Agreement on co-operation in the study and use of outer space for peaceful purposes was concluded with France. This instrument provided for the elaboration and execution of a programme of bilateral co-operation in the exploration of space and defined a series of main areas of co-operation. For each of these 9 joint working groups comprising scientists and specialists from both countries were established. In certain cases, the agreement was supplemented by special interdepartmental agreements. Pursuant to understandings, Soviet-French crews flew on the Soviet Salyut-Soyuz and Mir-Soyuz space systems in 1982 and 1988 respectively. A Protocol to the Agreement of 30 June 1966 between the Government of the USSR and the Government of the French Republic on co-operation ·in the study and use of outer space for peaceful purposes was signed in July 1989. It sets out a list of areas of co-operation, including the study of outer space, space meteorology, aeronomy9 environmental research, space medicine and biology, and space communications. The parties stated their intention to develop co-operation -in the investigation of the universe and the solar system with the help of space vehicles, with special attention being given to the study of the planet Mars. They also agreed to implement projects for the study of the Earth's radiation balance; to study the possibility of conducting joint experiments to measure atmospheric components, particularly ozone, with the A/AC.105/C.2/16/Add.5 page 5 help of aerostats and space vehicles; and to co-operate in the making of manned flights by adopting a long-term programme on this issue (the next flight by a Soviet-French crew on a Soviet orbital station will take place in 1992). The parties will expand their co-operation in the utilization of 
**Analysis**
The text discusses agreements and protocols between countries for cooperation in the study and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, including the development of joint projects and programs in areas such as space meteorology, aeronomy, environmental research, and space communications. This suggests that the primary focus is on scientific and technological cooperation, rather than economic or social development.

**Category**
Science and technology