elect and sack rather than people immune from either process — wiser, less opportunist or even less venal though such people might well be considered to be." Areas where issues of human rights and personal freedom are at present a matter of particular concern include: (a) The need for firm and effective action to prevent terrorism, including procedures for the detention, questioning and trial of suspects in w ich the rights of the individual have to be balanced by the protection and safety of the public; CCPR/C/58/Add.6 page 3 (b) Immigration and claims to asylum, where the continuing pressure of immigration from certain parts of the world makes it necessary to operate tight controls and apply rigorous investigative procedures which may involve inconvenience or distress for the individuals concerned; (c) The extent to which direct and indirect discrimination on grounds of race and sex is still practised by individuals and institutions, not only in ways which are prohibited by law but often in subtle and even unconscious ways which are difficult to identify and even more difficult to correct; (d) The difficulty of conducting fair and impartial investigations, the results of which will command general acceptance and public confidence, into complaints of misconduct by public officials, members of the security forces or others, or into alleged miscarriages of justice in the three areas indicated in (a)-(c) above. 10. These matters are dealt with in more detail in part II as they arise under the different articles of the Covenant. 11. The United Kingdom is a unitary State and comprises England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; references in this report to "Great Britain" refer to England and Wales and Scotland taken together. Scotland and to some extent Northern Ireland have separate legal systems from that applying in England and Wales, but similar principles apply throughout the United Kingdom. 
**Analysis**
The text appears to focus on the relationship between the government and its citizens, discussing issues such as human rights, personal freedom, and the balance between individual rights and public protection. It also mentions the need for fair and impartial investigations, which suggests a focus on governance and the rule of law. These themes suggest that the text is more closely related to human rights and governance issues rather than economic or environmental topics.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Education