deteriorated. Therefore, thehighlevelofcapital investment required forthe exploration andexploitation ofenergyresources continues tobeoneofthemajor constraints. 20.5Overthepasttwodecades, therehasbeenagrowing awareness oftheclose relationship between energy andenvironmental issuesthathasopened anentirely newareaforinternational concern. Thereisaneedtointensify themonitoring andanalysis ofenvironmental aspects, policies andmeasures ofdevelopment anduse ofenergy, particularly withregardtoissuestranscending national boundaries. 20.6Notwithstanding thecurrent excessofproduction capacity intheworld, maintenance ofanadequate energysupplyfordevelopment remains acentral concern inthemedium- andlong-term atboththenational andinternational levels. Projections ofconsumption, production andpricesare,therefore, essential tothe formulation ofdevelopment strategies. Thesizeable investments required to -3- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Libraryincrease energysupplies andthelongleadtimeinvolved inenergyissuescannot be addressed inthesamewayasmanyotherdevelopment issues. 20.7Thereisaneedtostrengthen international co-operation andtopromote concerted actionwiththesupport oftheinternational community according to national plansandpriorities intheareasidentified intheNairobi Programme of Action. Thereisalsoaneedtostimulate themobilization ofadditional and adequate financial resources fortheirdevelopment andtoprovide foranexchange ofinformation andmanpower training innewandrenewable sources ofenergy. 2.Overall strategy 20.8Thebasicapproach totheimplementation oftheprogramme willbetoassist membercountries instrengthening theircapability todefine andmanagetheir energyrelated problems andtodosoonaself-sustained andcontinuous basis. Towards thatend,theDepartment ofInternational Economic andSocialAffairs and theDepartment ofTechnical Co-operation forDevelopment oftheUnited Nations Secretariat willimplement thefollowing overall strategy, whilemaintaining close co-ordination. 20.9TheDepartment ofInternational Economic andSocialAffairs throughits Energy andResources Branch undertheOfficeforDevelopment Research andPolicy Analysis, willundertake research andanalysis ofsupply anddemand andother trendsinenergythataffecttheworldeconomy, andwillconduct studies concerning therelationship (a)between energy andeconomic performance, including, interalia,energyconservation andutilization and(b)between energy andbalance ofpayments andinvestment requirements oftheenergysector. Muchoftheworkof theprogr~e willfocusontheidentification oftrends andissuesof international concern andonbringing thosetotheattention ofpolicy makersin theenergyfield. 20.10 TheDepartment ofTechnical Co-operation forDevelopment, throughitsEnergy Resources Branch, willidentify, promote andexecute technical co-operation projects. TheDepartment willimplement atechnical assistance programme covering theexploration andrational utilization ofenergyresources, upgrading and ensuring theefficient utilization oftheexisting energyinfrastructure, developing humanresources, reviewing theinstitutional framework oftheenergy sector, establishing national energyinformation systems, andassessing and controlling theimpactofenergyactivities ontheenvironment. Allthose activities willbeaimedatstrengthening energypolicies andprogrammes ofthe developing countries. Itisexpected thattheGovernments, recipients oftechnical assistance, willassign duepriority totheenergysector andprovide adequate counterpart personnel tothetechnical assistance effortinordertosecure an effective transfer oftechnology andcreate aself-sustained capacity forproject implementation. 20.11 Another lineofaction bytheDepartment willconsist inproviding direct advisory services tothedeveloping countries onmatters ofenergy resource development, energyplanning'and energyrelated technology transfer. International seminars, workshops andstudytourswillbeorganized totrainpersonnel andto
**Analysis**
The text appears to focus on the development and management of energy resources, including exploration, exploitation, and utilization. It also touches on the relationship between energy and environmental issues, as well as the need for international cooperation and coordination. The text does not mention agriculture, forestry, fishing, or humanitarian aid and relief, and it does not seem to be directly related to culture, health, education, or employment. It is likely that the text is related to economic development, natural resources, and science and technology.

**Category**
Economic development, Natural resources and environment, Science and technology