allocation offundsfortheInternational Development Association (IDA). Notonly hasthetotalamountofofficial development assistance dropped asapercentage of nations' grossnational product, theaidwhichisbeinggivenisincreasingly allocated bilaterally, sothatitcanmoreeasilybeusedforthepolitical purposes ofthedonors.MLG/rd A/40/PV.l3 18 (President Nyerere) IInthelightofthesedevelopments, itisnotsurprising thatthe international financial systemisagainthreatened withcollapse asaresultofthe immense -andnowfrequently unpayable -debtsofunder-developed countries. But stilltheproblemisnotbeingdealtwithco-operatively andinternationally. Instead, creditors asagroupinsistupondealing witheachdebtorindividually, andsqueezing themaximum amountfromitregardless ofthehealthofitspeople, or itsstability andfuturedevelopment. Simultaneousl~, thedeveloped countries increasingly takerefugefromtheirownproblems insomeformofprotectionism, thusmakingitevermoredifficult fordebtors toearntheforeign exchange with whichtomeettheirrevised commitments. Ther~are,however, somenations whosedebtsaresolargethattheycouldon theirownjeopardize theinternational banking system. Thesecountries havethe poweroftheirowndebtwithwhichtoprotect themselves -iftheyarepolitically strongenoughtowithstand thecombined economic andpolitical pressures oftheir creditors andtheIMF.But·noAfrican countryisinthatposition, although Africa's debtsarelargerasapropo~~ion ofitsnational incomethanthoseofany other are~.Consequently wehavetheludicrous position thatbillions ofdollars areexported fromAfricainservicing high-interest debts,billions moreare exported fromAfrica,lostthrough adeterioration ofthetermsoftradeofprimary commodity exporters, andAfrican Statesbegforfoodtopreventtheirpeoplefrom starving: Africahascalledforaninternational conference todealwithitsdebt problem. SOtartheresponse hasnotbeenveryencouraging. Thatrequest runs countertothestrongmovement awayfrominternationalism. Weseethesameattitudes beingapplied tothoseUnitedNations specialized agencies whichhaveagoverning structure basedontheequality ofnations.MLG/rd A/40/PV.13 19-20 (President Nyerere)~~---~---------I Nations withdraw fromtheUnitedNations Educational, Scientific andCultural Organization (UNESCO) becaus~ theydonotlikesomeofitsdecisions. They downgrade theirrepresentation atUNCTADandUNIDOconferences. Thefinancing of IPADcannot beagreeddespiteallthelectu~es readtoimpoverished Africaabout theimportance ofagriculture end.the smallfarmer. Alltheworld's Governments know-oroughttoknow-wherethedoctrine -mightleright-canlead h~anity. Th~unityandindivisibility oftheworldhas nowbeenseenfromspace.Itisexperienced byallnations andallpeoples, ev.en thosewhodonotunderstand it.Theonlysolution totheworld's problems is international co-operation, withitsrecognition ofourCQmmonhumanity and interdependence. Imakethisappeal: forourcommonbenefit, andthebenefitofeachoneof us,letusacttowards eachotherwithhumility, notarrogance, recognizing that noneofusknowsalltheanswers tothe~anifold problems facingus.Letusresume ourearlier course-thecourse webegantofollow40yearsagowhentheunited Nations wasestablished -andtogether searchoutapathtojustice andprosperity forall.Itwillbedifficult, andweshallarguealot.Butitcanbedoneifwe respect eachotherandeachother's freedom.JP/jh A/40/PV.1 3 21 (President Nyerere) Inthisimylastaddress totheGeneral Assembly, Ihavedescribed eventsand trendsandneedsasweinTanzania perceive them. Mycountry willnotstopsaying thosethingswhenthenewPresident takesover.Forweareapoorand underdeveloped country, andwehavenopowerintheworldexceptthepowerof speechgivenbytheAssembly -andbyourhumanity. Tobesilentwhenwesee danger, torefrain fromattacking policies whichweseeascontrary tothe interests ofpeaceandjustice, wouldbetosurrender ourfreedom andourdigntty. Thatweshallneverdo. ThePRESIDENT (interpretation fromSpanish): OnbehalfoftheGeneral Assembly, IwishtothankthePresident oftheUnitedRepublic ofTanzania forthe important statement hehasjustmade. Mwalimu Julius K.Nyerere, President oftheunitedRepubliC ofTanzania, was escortedfromtheGaneta1Assembly Hall. AGENDA ITEM9(continued) GENERAL DEBATE Mr.BARRY(Ireland): Ishouldliketocongratulate you,Sir,onyour election totheofficeofPresident oftheGeneral Assembly. Wearehappythaton theUnitedNations fortieth birthday theAssembly willbeguidedbyamanofyour exceptional skillandexperience ininternational affairs andintheworking of thisOrganization. Itisafurther sourceofsatisfaction thatthePresident of theAssembly shouldbearepresentative ofthecountry withwhichIreland hasclose andfriendly relations andwhichisshortly tojoinusasapartner intheEuropean Communities. Fortyyearsagotherepresentatives of51nations metinSanFrancisco tosign
**Analysis**
The text primarily focuses on the economic development and debt crisis of underdeveloped countries, particularly African nations. It also touches on international cooperation, protectionism, and the need for a collective approach to address global problems. The speech by President Nyerere highlights the struggles faced by African countries in repaying debts and the impact on their economic development.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade, Humanitarian aid and relief