plaintiff and not complainant is used for ordinary contentious civil proceedings even though they are begun by complaint. (11) Recommended renderings Actor, demandante, demandeur, fi/ parte demandante, partie demanderesse: In civil proceedings use plaintiff, but petitioner can be used in divorce, nullity of marriage, judicial separation, insolvency or company winding-up (liquidation) proceedings, provided they have not been started by writ or by summons; in criminal proceedings, use prosecutor. If in doubt use plaintiff. This term will always be correct if the proceedings have been started by writ, summons or plaint. The above applies to the use of demandante, demandeur, parte demandante. partie demanderesse as the name of the party commencing contentious proceedings. If these terms are used to denote a person bringing a demande or demanda after proceedings have begun, translate as claimant if the demande or demanda is a counter-claim, and applicant if it is not. Outside the sphere of judicial proceedings use either applicant or claimant as seems appropriate. If in doubt use applicant. Défendeur, S/ demandjado, parte demandada, partie défenderesse: In civil proceedings use defendant, but respopdent can be used in the circimistances in which petitioner can be used above; in criminal proceedings use defendant or (syn., see Note 1(4)) accused. If in doubt use defendant. Plaignant, quejoso, querellante: Use complainant, which is the correlative of complaint, but in first instance contentious civil proceedings, if these French and Spanish terms are used to denote the person bringing the proceedings, plaintiff is acceptable instead. â/ The English term used in the International Court of Justice is applicant. 1/ The English term used in the International Court of Justice is respondent. - 1123 - Recurrente. 10/ requérant, U/ solicitante: In first instance contentious civil proceedings or first instance administrative-law proceedings use plaintiff. Otherwise: in an appeal use 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing legal terminology and the translation of terms used in various types of proceedings, such as civil, criminal, and administrative-law proceedings. The language used is formal and technical, suggesting a context related to law, justice, or the judiciary. Given the focus on legal terminology and the use of specific terms like "plaintiff," "petitioner," "defendant," and "complainant," it seems likely that the text is related to the administration of justice.

**Category**
Law, Justice