modes for nuclear-weapon ernployment have emerged: "counterforce* against these'weapons ' and "cornter-value I' corresponding to the cl,assicat strategic attack.Possibillties and probabilities concerning the nuclear exchange between thesi-rper-Powers in either or both of these modes ane extensively studied and publiclyliscussed. This discussion, holrever, should not be allowed to obscure the factthat states other than the super-powers, including non-nuc.Lear countries" could betargets for a nuclear strategic attack against value targets and, in effecc, oneusing weapons other than those coamonly ca11ed strategic, Tn the context of thepolurer-bloc balance this is reflected by the distinction that is sometimes nadebetween "central strategicrt and "Er.;rostrategi c rr systems (cf" chap. IT), But thecore of the matter is that a wide speetmr of nuclear veapons can now be pur. -ro straLegic use. 197. The effects of one nucl-ear explosion against a eity has been described insection A alove " A l-imited strategic attack cou-ld, ho\,/ever r involve the targetingof several cities. The most important fact is then that a simple addition ofcasualties or destroyed facilities voutd not give a true picture of the extent ofthe devastati.on. After a singl-e city attack, a national effort could conceivablyAl35 /392 t,ilts rl sll Anne.li Fage 11 be organized to rescue and aid survivors and to compensate for the loss ofindustrial capacity. With five rnajor cities obliterated simultaneously. andcasualtiec in one day running to perhaps 10 per cent of the nation's populat'ion, both the physics;L capacity and the psychological strength to launch such an effortmight be in d.oubt. The number of people in need of medical care woul-d be muchIargcr than could be coped vith, not only in the targeted cities but in tne entire counbrJ-. Some key industrial branches niqht have been destroyed and Lhis coul.1 become an irnmediate difficulty if, for instance, some basic foods or nedical suptlJos -r'rere anong Lhe iterns that could not be produccd. Adrinistrative problensof an unprecedented nature and magnitude would arise and cause extreme difficuttiesfor the national, regional and 1ocal governments, C. Effects of extensive use of tacticaf nuclear veapons
**Analysis**
The text discusses the devastating effects of a nuclear attack on a city and the subsequent national effort to rescue and aid survivors. It highlights the challenges that would arise in providing medical care, maintaining industrial capacity, and dealing with administrative problems. The text does not focus on economic development, natural resources, agriculture, forestry, fishing, transport, communication, international trade, education, employment, humanitarian aid, or culture. The discussion is centered around the catastrophic consequences of a nuclear attack and its impact on a nation's infrastructure and population.

**Category**
Health, Industry