strangulation. Theflexibility necessary tokeeppayments attuned tothe socio-economic perspective mustberetained.AP/rd A/40/PV.l7 36 (Mr.Mahabir, Trinidad and T~ago) Sourcesoflong·termfinancing arecrucial totheeconomic programme of developing States, anditisclearthatthoseStatescannotafford,astheyarenow required, toborrowatcommercial ratherthanatconcessional rates. Yet,thecost ofborrowing fromtheinstitutions engaged ininternational finance, whichwere supposedly designed asthemachinery forthepromotion of~beeconomic development ofallpeoples, hasbecomeeconomically toohighandpolitically tooexplosive for mostdeveloping countries. Whyimposeontoday's developing countries conditions offinancing somuchmoreonerous thanthoseexperienced bythepresent developed countries intheearlystagesoftheirgrowthanddevelopment? Another serious problem facingdeveloping countries isthespreadoftrade protectionism. Thosedeveloping Stateswhich,bytheirsustained efforts towards development havemanaged tocreatemanufacturing andindustrial sectorsthatare abletocompete withthoseofdeveloped States, oftenfindthatmethods aredevised tobartheentryoftheirproducts intothemarkets ofthedeveloped economies. At thesametime,forcesbeyondthecontrol ofdeveloping countries, andunmindful of theirparticular circumstances, dictate thepricesandtheconditions ofpurchase oftheirtraditional primary products. Thetermsoftradecontinue tomove inexorably against thoseStates, withinevitable adverse consequences fortheir balance-of-payment positions. Sincedeveloping Statesarenotbeingadequately remunerated fortheirprimary products andareprevented fromselling whatever elsetheyproduce andmanufacture, theyhavebeenleftintheinvidious position ofpossessing insufficient fundsto purchase theproducts ofotherStates. Asaresult, thelevelofeconomic activity inthedeveloping Stateshasdeclined, unemployment isincreasing andtheir capacity tomaintain trade,evenamongthemselves, isbeingconsiderably undermined.AP/rd A/40/PV.17 37 (ur.Mahabir, Trinidad and Tobago) Overtheyears,theunitedNations hassoughttoaddress andresolve questions suchasthesethrough theestablishment ofanumberofagencies andinstitutions. However, despite theactivities oforganizations suchastheUnitedNations Industrial Development Organization (UNlDO), theUnitedNations Conference onTrade andDevelopment (UNCTAD) andtheUnitedNations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), theprogress towards development inmanycountries oftheworldhasgenerally beenslow.Theseagencies have,nonetheless,playeda positive roleinseeking togivepractical effecttotheprinciples onwhichthe UnitedNations systemwasfounded. Theyhavedemonstrated akeenawareness of,and sensitivity totheproblems andneedsofdeveloping States. Butthefinancial difficulties whichcertain oftheseagencies havelatterly encountered, inpart because support fromsomeMemberStateshastendedtodecline, havehadtheeffect ofimpairing theability oftheUnitedNations systemtofunction inaccordance withtheprinciples enunciatedbyitsfounders. Weshould, perhaps, acknowledge thatthemechanisms ofcollaboration and co-operation intheunitedNations systemareofvalueonlytotheextentthatthey assistintheattainment oftheOrganization's objectives. Overtheyears, wehave elaborated andrefined ourperspective inthisregard. Butcantheproblem bethat insufficient attention hasbeengiventoevaluating themechanisms employed to attaintheseobjectives? Perhaps thisfortieth session mightwellgivepriority to addressing theseissues. TheCharter setsoutanumberofobjectives aimedatsatisfying the unrelenting questforjustice, freedom, equality, peaceandeconomic andsocial advancement. Wehavemademuchprogress towards eachofthesegoals,butnoneof us,after40yearsofeffort, canfeelfullysatisfied withwhatwehaveAP/rd A/40/PV.17 38 (Mr.Mahabir, Trinidad and Tobago) accomplished. Ourdisappointment is,perhaps, mostacuteinrespectofthe Charter's requirement thatwepromote andencourage respect forhumanrightsand forfundamental freedoms forall,without distinction astorace,sex,language or religious belief. Ourattention isdirected dailytomoreandmorecasesof violation ofhumanrightsanddenialoffundamental freedoms. Innoareaofthe worldaretheviolation ofhumanrightsandthedenialoffreedoms moreoffensive
**Analysis**
The text discusses the challenges faced by developing countries in achieving economic development, including the need for long-term financing, the impact of trade protectionism, and the limitations of international organizations. The author also touches on the importance of promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms. These themes suggest that the category should be related to economic development and international relations.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade