105. In addition, in the four baaic disciplines of the nat.ural sciences, UNESCOlnakes research grants available to selected studente, to be uaed in inatltutions intheir hone couneries, in order to agsist young researchers to improve tbe qualityof their research. 107. !40re substantial felronships are alao availabre to lftprove the competence ofdiatinguished scienCists in developing countries through the ICSU_ITNESCODistinguished Fellowship schene, ano inrougn ehe uNEsco-rnternat iona I Federation ofInstitutes for Advanced study (IFIAS) -cos?ED FellorrEbip Scheme. prerequisites forthe candidates selected are that, firstly, they aLready hold an inportant posicionin their country, and, secondly, they guirante! to return !o continue theirresearch in eheir own country on completion of their felloesbip. r08. sbort-tern refresber couraes are organized by IJNEsco in deveroping countrieaon certain advanced Eoplcg in physics, nithernatics, chenistry and biology, anatraininq is provided in university curriculun deveLopnent to young universftyscience teachers through the fnternational Biosciences Netrork (fBN) anat theInternational Nelwork for Cbemical Education (fNCE).A/40 /s49 English Page 23 IO9. Flnally, the Organization encourages co-operation beCneen universilies and the indu€lriaI sector, througt! student placenent in industry as t,ell as Eraining technicians in the local production of low-cosc equlPment for university teaching. 110. vrithin the frarnework of che training progranne for hunan setttenenta manaqera, IrNEscO has as6isted several developing countries of lhe differenE regions in the t orld to set up their oen tralnlng scher0es addressed to public sectors cadres in order to deal with the environrnental probLens related to the satigfaction of baslc human need6. 111. The main objecttve of the programne ls to develop and apply approPriate methods for training hunan settlernents nanaqers in practical siCuatlons and short periods of tine, in order to increase their capacicy to P€rceive and act upon problema in human get.tlements from a transectoral Perspective and htith due consideration of environnental quesCions. The progranmes have focuaed on the tralnlnq of trainere at national or subreglonal levela. followed by natlonal
**Analysis**
The text discusses various initiatives and programs implemented by UNESCO to support scientific research, education, and training in developing countries. The focus is on capacity building, knowledge sharing, and skills development in fields such as natural sciences, education, and human settlement management. The programs aim to improve research quality, provide training to young researchers and university teachers, and enhance the competence of distinguished scientists.

**Category**
Education, Science and technology