VIenna Programme of Action. New, daring Initiatives and constructive work are needed In this sphere at national• regional, Inter-regional, and In-ternational levels. A number of such Initiatives have been put forward at IGCSTO, ACSTD, UNCTAO, and UNIDO. For Instance, the work of IGCSTD and ACSTD on setting up an advance technology alert system fn of undoubted In-terest. It deals with new technologies vital for development and with perspectives on science and technology for the same purpose as well as with Improving contacts between science and Industry. In summary form, these Initiatives are to be reflected In the review of the Implementation of the VIenna Programme over the past five years which Is now being prepared (25). An Interesting Idea was also advanced at UNCTAD which has begun to work out a strategy for the technological transformation of the developing countries. UNCTAD experts see this strategy as an Ina! !enable part of the long-term development strategy of each of the newly-free countries. Taking Into account their specific features. transformation Implies working out plans and policies In the sphere of technology, stimulating scientific and techno­ logical progress In the key sectors of the economy, expanding research and development capabll ltles and resources allocated for these purpose. Improving national legisLation~ and encouraging ~clentlflc and technological co-operation among the developing countries themsel~es and special measures to help the least developed countries. etc.(26). Although such transformation Is possible due to the Import of technology. It Is expected to rely on domestic scientific and technological capabilities for the most part. The Idea has already been discussed at the Special Session of the UNCTAD Committee on Technology. The draft submitted by the social 1st countries (27) was taken as a basis for the discussion at the 5th session of the Committee In October 1984 (28). 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the Vienna Programme of Action and initiatives related to science and technology for development, including the technological transformation of developing countries. It highlights the importance of domestic scientific and technological capabilities and international cooperation in achieving this transformation.

**Category**
Science and technology, International trade