37. In Pakistan, a project supported by UNDP/UNFDAC and the United Dations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) aiming at replacing opium poppy cultivation has incorporated elements specially addressing the questions of health, water Supply and sanitation, and has incorporated surface water, tube wells, reticulation and storage systems with standpost outlets for a total of 150,000 inhabitants. In China, a 4,000-hectare irrigation scheme was specifically designed to service the 5,000 rural residents in the development areas through a system comprising standposts served through a treatment, storage and distribution system. Rainwater-harvesting programmes to benefit villages and homesteads including local training have been developed ;a semi-arid areas of Guatemala. The Government of Botswana has implemented a programme of restoring and improving rainwater catchment tanks for farming families, with associated training of local personnel, while‘I /. . .A/45/327 English Page 11 rehabilitation of community ponds has received attention in Somalia. In Ethiopia, coffee plantation water development has given special attention to the provision of domestic supply to satisfy drinking and sanitation requirements of plantation workers, while in Niger, rural development activities have included the raising of rural living standards through women’s integration into water and soil conservation activities in association with a literacy campaign. 38.In North Africa, the reuse of waste water for agriculture offers the potential for allocating other fresh sources for domestic water uses. Consequently, Morocco is developing a national plan for water use which integrates waste water with surface and ground-water resources. Similarly, sewerage for environmental sanitation formed an integral component of an agricultural, social and rural community development programme in Yemen. 5.Economic and health impact of increased service coverage 39. One of the most important lessons of the Decade has been the realisation that water and sanitation projects, when implemented with real community and women’s participation, are effective entry points for development. In addition to
**Analysis**
The text discusses various projects and programs aimed at improving water supply, sanitation, and hygiene in different parts of the world. It highlights the importance of community participation and the integration of water and sanitation projects with other development activities, such as agriculture, rural development, and education. The text also touches on the economic and health impacts of increased service coverage.

**Category**
Health, Natural resources and environment, Agriculture, forestry and fishing