But in bringing about the so-called, talks about talks, the roles of both President De Klerk and Deputy President of the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC) Nelson Mandela have been very crucial. Without their persistence and patience in dealing with complex situations it would have been difficult to move ahead. Indeed, they both remain crucial to the peaceful completion of the process. The changes that we have witnessed so far in South Africa, including the unbanning of the ANC, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) and other anti-apartheid organizations, the lifting of the state of emergency and the release of some political prisoners do not, as yet, represent the total fulfilment of the conditions we set for creating a climate favourable for negotiations. As the Secretary-General's report indicates - and indeed, as the Kampala decisions of last weekend emphasize - more must be done before South Africa can finally be on the way to negotiations. I am referring for example to the resolution of all the problems relating to the release of all political prisoners and detainees, to indemnity against prosecution for all those South Africans who were forced by apartheid to flee the RM/11 À/44/PV.97 38 (Mr. Mwananshiku, Zambia) country and take up arms against the régime and to the repeal of all those laws and regulations that were designed to restrict political activity in the country. In addition there is the question of dealing with the principal laws that created and that have perpetuated apartheid over all these years, including in particular the Group Areas Act, the Population Registration Act and the Land Acts. Moreover, South Africa must deal with the problem of violence in the townships. For some time that violence had been confined to Natal. It has recently spread to other parts of the country, causing considerable loss of life 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the political situation in South Africa, specifically the negotiations and reforms taking place in the country. It mentions the roles of key figures, such as President De Klerk and Nelson Mandela, and the need for further progress in areas like prisoner release, indemnity, and law reform. The text also touches on the issue of violence in the townships. Given these themes, it is likely that the text falls under the categories related to governance, human rights, and social issues.

**Category**
Politics, Humanitarian aid and relief