where the work has been done. are all Intermediate Instances tor certifying the future scientist. Prior to defending the dlsser- ·399 tatlon It Is required to pub I Ish the main Ideas of the dlsserta• tlon In the form of a scientific article or monograph. introduce the results of research In thenational economy while circles of readers. I.e. scientists and practical workers can familiarize themselves with the dissertations. Privileges and Advantages : An efficient system of training scientific and scientific• pedagogical personnel has been formed In the Soviet Union. The state grants the post-graduate students and competitors of scien­tific degrees a series of privileges and advantages. and the work of scientists In our socelty Is a highly esteemed area of human activities. The creative cooperation of the USSR Academy of Science with the higher school In training scientific and scientific­ pedagogical personnel Is manifested In various aspects. The Academy coordinates and plans fundamental and theoretical research at higher educational Institutions, participates In scientific research at the latter Institutions and In elaborating problems associated with the further improvement of the educa­ tlonel process. The Institutes of the Academy of Science are the scientific basis for the post-graduate students and teachers of higher educational Institutions to work on probation. These steps raise the level of training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. and permit selection of the most capable and trained specialists for Independent scientific activities. The most important Item In the entire problem of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel In our country Is the one of the preparation and defence of ~octor dissertations. The system was adopted In 1962, according to which teachers. having a scientific degree of candidate of science and working at doctor dissertations of actual and national-economic significance. may occupy during 2 years vacant posts of senior scientific workers 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the training and education of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in the Soviet Union, highlighting the system of post-graduate education, the role of the USSR Academy of Science, and the privileges and advantages granted to post-graduate students and scientists. The text does not mention specific economic, natural, or environmental issues, but rather focuses on the scientific and educational aspects.

**Category**
Education