204- From what follolrs it will become abundantlv clear that one cannot makecategoricaL statements about the effects of demlgraphic vari.ables on the suppry ofrabour and emproyment. For exampre, fertility and particlpation of females in therabour force do not shovr any strong rerationship in countrieE at the rowest reveJ.of development. However, this rel-ationship becomes strongly negative in urban andindustriar areas of deveroping countries. still, in this ratter situation, rrappears that secondary education is more important as a predictor for partlcipationof females in the rabour force than for fertrlrty. rn generar, it appears that theexistence of an inverse relationship between fertil.tty anal the aupply of labourdepends on the level of development of a counbry and on the educational attainnentsof women. 205. In discussing the effects of flbrtality, a "puren mortality affect wasinvestigated. The results show that a typical alecline in mortality witl onlymarginally affect the proportion of the popuiation that is of labour force age.since mortal'ity decLine is normalry positivery correlated ,,ith fertility decline,one should nevertheless expect some effects, albeit inalirect, of rnortality on thesupply of labour. 206. The young average age of internal migrants has imnediate effects for thesuppry of labour in areas of origin and of atestination. rn fact, emproynentopportunities, either perceived or real, generally provide the impetus formigration. conseguent.ly, there is a strong interdependence bethreen internalmigration and suppl,y of labour and employment. For example, uhile rural to urbanrnigration increases aggregate rabour productivity, qurte often the productivitydifferences between rurar and urban areas are a consequence of economic and/orpolitical investment decisi.ons that generally favour urban areas.A/ 40 / 5L9 Engli sh Page 99 20?. fn discussing the effects of international oigration on the supply of labour, only legal international nigration has been considered' In thi6 context, it appearg that governments of receiving countries can use this form of migratron as a means of regulating the supply of labour, thereby avoiding conslraints imposed by the size and cooposition of their natlonal labour suppty. The countries of origin
**Analysis**
The text discusses the effects of demographic variables, such as fertility, mortality, and migration, on the supply of labor and employment. It highlights the complexities of these relationships, which are influenced by factors such as level of development, education, and urbanization. The text also touches on the topic of international migration and its implications for labor supply.

**Category**
Employment, Education