l+73. tfre T?eaty contains two Add.it ional Protocols vhich set forth obligations tobe undertaken by States outside the region. Additional protocol I establishesthat the statute of nuclear-veapon-fre e zone also appli.es to territories situatedwithin the zone of application of the Treaty vhich de jure or d.e facto are underthe jurisdiction of states outside the region. This protocol has been ratified bythe Netherlands and the united Kingdon and signed. by the united states and trrance. 474. under Additional- Protoco]. rr the nuclear-weapon states underbake to ful1yrespect "the status of d.enuclearizat ion of Latin Anericatt, and not to use orthreaten to use nuclear weapons aga.inst the ?aJties to the Treaty. Af1nuclear-weapon States have ratified Addit ional, protocol II. \75' as a reaction to the French nuclear testing in the sahara, several Africancountries lroposed. that Africa shourd be declared a denuclearized. zone. The oAUsumit in r!61 ad.opt ed the "Declaration of the Denuclearizat ion of Africa,r. Theestablishment of the African zone has, hcwever, not been rearized. principally because of the possibility of south Africars acquiring a nuclear-weapon capabilityand of the Middle nast situation. Relevant Genera] Assembly resol-utions haverepeatedly carled for termination of nuclear co-operation with the racist r6gineof south Africa. These efforts acquired a speeial urgency in the light of reports Lrr 1979 that a nuclear explosion may have taken place off the coast of South Africa,rn view of these reports, a speci.al united Nations expert group has been appointedto study the possible nuclear-weapon capabilities of South Africa. 4?6. The establishment of a nucleax-weapon-free zone in the region of thel{idd1e East was initial}y proposed in 19?)+ by lran, later joined by Egypt. TheGeneral Assembly, in supporting this objective, has called on the States in theregion to accede to the non-proliferat ion Treaty or give solenn assurances to theSecurity Council that they vi11 not acquire or develop nuclear rreapons, Israefhas refused. to acced.e to these cal-1s and instead. posed the pre-cond.itions ofd"irect negotiations between the States of the region.
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing international relations, treaties, and agreements related to nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in the Middle East and Africa. It mentions specific protocols, declarations, and resolutions adopted by the United Nations and regional organizations. The text also touches on the issue of nuclear testing and the potential acquisition of nuclear weapons by certain countries.

**Category**
International relations, Science and technology