Petroleum-exporting 5.4 3.1 3.4 Petroleum-importing 5.2 4.0 4.1Income percapita (In1975USdollars) 1965 1990 2000 4176 7476 9054 344 648 765 1578 4027 5521 146 463 709 830 1367 1548 337 408 394 895 2034 2122 164 372 519 651 1271 1405 277 499 608 Incremental capital-output ratio private consumption percapita 1965-1985 1986-1990 1991-2000 1965 1990 2000 Developed market economies 7.2 8.9 8.8 2469 4492 5374 Developing market economies 4.4 7.0 6.6 221 395 468 USSRandEastern Europe 5.3 5.7 5.6 1131 2772 3792 China, Romania and Yugoslavia 4.9 5.7 5.5 93 259 391 LatlnAmerica 4.6 7.0 6.7 535 899 1008Africa 5.6 10.2 10.1 221 243 233 westAsia 3.9 10.7 9.4 368 945 1037 SoutnandEastAsia 3.9 5.0 5.0 124 244 333 Petroleum-exporting 4.3 9.0 8.2 321 684 782 Petrole~importing 4.4 6.0 5.8 199 327 390 !INetmaterial product forplanned economies. I...A/40 lll,g Engllsb Pege 79 163. ctearly, the Periotl f974-I985 as the basis for e:ctrapoletlon ie a per lo<l io which random shocks were' on averager detrimental to developmenE a3Plrations' Nevertheless' the loEer-;rowth ecenario 'loes lndlcate the value of the reletive stability of Ehe 19503 "na ttr" early 1970s or, equivalently, the cost of the relative instability of the tate l'970s and early 1980s' In vlee of the fact that the baseline scenario i6 ltself relatlvely pessimisEic, this loq'er-grottth Ecenario eftphasizes the need for lnternatlonal co-operation, not only for the advanceoent and pronotion of development but also for conbating the shocks that geem inevitabl'y to arise periodically. Comparing this scenario wiin tne baseline intlicates the clear need to prevent short-run Problems from disturbing the stabillty of the lnternational economic envlronment that is essentlal for ttre continued gro$th and development envisioned by successive United Nations develoPRent decades' D. Hlqher-qroeth scena r io 164. In contrast to the basellne, the optimistic scenario 1€ a normative scenarlo'
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing economic growth, development, and international cooperation, with a focus on the role of natural resources, particularly petroleum, and its impact on economic stability and development. The text also touches on the concept of incremental capital-output ratio, private consumption per capita, and international trade, which suggests that it falls under the categories of economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade