78. Past patterns of nilitary co,nsumption of resources have already startednanifesting thenselves ln their accumulated effects on economic arowth andsocio-econornlc developnent. The next chapter attenpts to denbnstrate that neitherecononlies at an advanced stage of deveroplent nor those lagging far behind canindefinitely sustain the socio-econonic burdens of the rntriiar! outlays they arecurrently incurr ing . CHAPTER III MII,I?ARY OUTI,AYS AND SOCIO-E@NCI4I C DEVELOPMENT 79. As described in the preceding two chapters, worrd milLtary outr.ays ln l9gl, inpurely financial terms, had reached $550-600 billion representing, afier adjustmentfor inflation, a fourford increase since the second worrd war. For over three anda half decades, covering perlods of econonic buoyancy and stagnation, the globalmilitary aector has continued to consume approxinately 5 to g per cent of the worrdecononic output. Neither the situations of resource abundance nor of resourceconstralnts have so far affected the nilitary consumptlon of strategic minerals,which perslsts in clalmlng an estlmated 3 to 12 per cent of global froctuction. rtlequadrupling of oi1 prices in the lgzos has had no perceptible effect on therelatlve energy conEumption by the nilitary industry wtlich, it seems, singryconsunes, in some cases, one to three quarters of the total nationar petroleunconsunption. Nor has the exotic cost of sophisticated nilitary innovationsdeterred roughly one third of gtobal R and D from being continuousry poured intomilitary R and D. Tbe srackening of international trade in tbe 19?0s has not beenrefLected in international arrns transfers which. in 1981 alone, accounted for over $120 billlon. rhese and several other similar trends have pushed the costs ofnilitary outlays into the forefront of public concern and l;d to severaL questiona A/37/385 Engl ish Annex Page 4l being asked by different nationat antl international foruns. Ernanating from e whole rang! of "orr"l.n" pertalning to the manPower, resources, and ecological asPects of nilitary outlays' the focus of publlc lnquiry for the 19808 appears to be the sarne: lrhat is the bealrock of connitnents to rnllitary outlays? Itas the wor I'd
**Analysis**
The text discusses the economic burdens of military outlays on society and the environment, highlighting the increasing costs of military spending and its impact on economic development and socio-economic development. It also touches on the consumption of strategic minerals and energy resources. These themes suggest that the text is primarily concerned with economic and environmental issues.

**Category**
Economic development, Natural resources and environment