have been violating the United Nations sanctions. 9. Secondly, the United States Government has through legislative measures undertaken to break its international commitments by openly importing chrome and other minerals from Rhodesia. 10. Thirdly, the glaring weakness in the operation of sanctions has, of course, been the open defiance by twd other States Members of the United Nitions-namely South Africa and Portugal. Trade is openly conducted with the illegal r6gime through South Africa and the Portuguese colony of Mozambique, and the two Governments have openly declared that they will continue to defy the international community. 11. If sanctions were designed to topple the r&ime, it must be admitted that the result has been a total failure. However, sanctions do constitute a form of pressure on the illegal r&ime, and it is widely acknowledged that it is because of sanctions that there is a chronic shortage of foreign exchange ln Rhodesia, But as time goes on the usurpers of power in Rhodesia make the necessary adjust- ments. Initially, sanctions did constitute a threat to Rhodesia, but by March 1971 we were able to read in the Guardian an article by Peter Niesewand which stated that: “Regular tobacco buyers are back in Salisbury for the first time since Rhodesia’s seizure of independence five years ago, in defiahce of economic sanctions. Farming sources told me that the buyers-mostly Americans- would attend the sales which start in secret here tomorrow.” 12. By May of the same year petrol rationing was lifted, and today we have a situation in which a permanent member of the Security Council is openly telling the world that it is defying a decision reached by this Council-a Council decision it had voted for-through the importa- 1 official Records of the Security Council, Twenty-seventh Year, 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the impact of economic sanctions on Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and the ways in which the country has adapted to the sanctions. The author highlights the smuggling of goods, such as chrome and minerals, and the defiance of sanctions by other countries, including South Africa and Portugal. The text also mentions the effects of sanctions on the country's economy, including a shortage of foreign exchange and the ability of farmers to export goods, such as tobacco. Overall, the text seems to be focused on the economic and political implications of sanctions, rather than any other category.

**Category**
International trade, Industry