;;;j;;;;"i." of missiLes in boost phase' made visible by the hundreds of kiloltatts ofinfyarectemissiomfxontherocketen6ine.Theobselvationofsuchraid.sonboard thesate}]-itemustthenbetlansmitted.togrouD.lstationsa]rd.forl'6rd'edtothe national connand autnority. Presr:mably, ii an adversary faunches ICBMS and SLBMS" he vill not ref:eain tron L att empt to i.nterfere with the conmunications from the inflareal-det eet i n satellite to the ground station' Ttrus, such a system must reckon vith defence "g"i""t jaming ind against physiceJ' attack on the gxou:rd station. 132, It shoutd be mentioned- here that particular enphasis -has,been given in recent years to nat ional- technical means of veri.fication for monitoring provisions of ttre Unitedstates-UssRSALTa€Ieements.Thesemeansconsistofobservationsate].1ites .i-"..i."" types ( incrudiig ptrotograptric satellj.tes ) which have the abilitv to detect, identify and, count rnissile lar:lchers ? observe sutnnarines under construction etc. As SALT I1 is intend.ed to control various qualitative aspects -of strategic forces, the "nationa.f i".rt"i"af meanst' must inclutle gror:'d-based' an6 space-based sensors, r.thich, e.g', it"fp to determine nissile ttrass sJrd' numbers of MIRVS " L33. The prina.ay use of airborne systems i5 to detect and iclentify enemy bonbers and cruise missiles. For a decade of nore' it has been possible to detect aircraft by airborrre radar over water, but only in the last r:* y:1l:_n"" tn' capability existed to detect aircraft by means of airborae radar against the background laJld clutter. The nost advanced. system for perforning this feat is theAl35 /392 l,ns-ta s il Annex Page 5J- united states so-carled AtrIACS aircraft, a modified cornroercial jet aircrafteounting a Laxge microvave radar, and equipped as wer-r- with conmand. and controlequipnent. rn principle, a'' AWAcs at l-2,ooo n. s-ltitude could see even low-flying ''ircraft out to about l+oo kn., and cou-ld. assign fighter aircraft, determinewhether nissiles l-aunched against the penetrating aircraft hacl destroyed thoseaircraft, etc, Hovever, tnany such aircraft patrolling sinul-taneously Lrould beneeded to detect effectively and to identify nuclear armed bonbers or cruisemissil-e carriers.
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the development and utilization of advanced technologies for military purposes, specifically related to missile detection and surveillance. It mentions various systems, such as satellite-based sensors, airborne radar, and command and control equipment. The text also references international agreements and the need for national technical means of verification. Given the focus on military technology and surveillance, it is likely that the text falls under the categories of Science and Technology or Transport and Communication.

**Category**
Science and Technology, Transport and Communication