1988, and some 60,000,000 passengers (in and out) cleared by the Immigration Department during the same period. 41. Under section 17A of the Customs and Excise Service Ordinance, cap. 342, a member of the Service may, without warrant, stop and search and arrest any person whom he may reasonably suspect of having committed an offence against an Ordinance specified in the Second Schedule. Like other law enforcement agencies in Hong Kong, customs officers are legally prohibited from detaining a person for inquiry for more than 48 hours from the time he is arrested without his being charged and brought before a magistrate. This prohibition is stipulated in section 17C (2) of the same Ordinance. As the law now stands, the right of redress against possible abuse by customs officers can be exercised by way of habeas corpus by the detainees. 42. During 1988, a total of 5,712 persons were arrested by customs officials for suspected offences under the various ordinances specified in the Second Schedule of cap. 342. Of these, 1,178, i.e. 20.6 per cent, were released without charge. The great majority of released persons had been detained for no more than a few hours, as was necessary in the normal course of questioning. In the whole of 1988, no complaint regarding unwarranted arrest was received by the Department. 43. The situation of Vietnamese refugees in Hong Kong was given detailed treatment in the second report, paragraphs 26-29 (CCPR/C.32/Add.l4, annex F), supplemented by the update to the second report, paragraphs 4-5 (CCPR/C/32/Add.l5, annex F). Since the fall of Saigon in 1975, some 170,000 Vietnamese boat people have arrived in Hong Kong, of whom 115,000 have so far been resettled in other countries. The current boat people population in Hong Kong is now over 55,000, of whom about 13,300 are refugees. The 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the operations and practices of the Immigration Department and Customs and Excise Service in Hong Kong, specifically in relation to arrests, detentions, and the treatment of Vietnamese refugees. The text also mentions statistics on the number of passengers cleared by the Immigration Department and the number of persons arrested by customs officials. These topics do not seem to be directly related to any of the categories listed, except for possibly "Humanitarian aid and relief" or "Employment" in a broader sense. However, the primary focus of the text is on the administration and law enforcement practices in Hong Kong, rather than on specific economic, social, or environmental issues.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief