matter of weeks or longer after arrest, and the detention order might even be re-imposed by the Executive following the court's instruction to release the detainee. 84. Her organization's full statement, which would be circulated to members of the Sub-Commission, illustrated those points by examples from Israel and the occupied territories, China, Sri Lanka, India, Ghana, South Africa and Egypt. 85. Article 9, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights required that any deprivation of liberty must be in accordance with the procedures established by law. Yet in some countries, as noted in Mr. Joinet's report, the use of administrative detention was not practiced in accordance with any formal law. Hundreds of such detainees were held illegally for lengthy periods in Chad, Ethiopia and Mauritania, despite provisions in the laws of those countries which required all detainees to be brought before a judicial authority within a prescribed time-period. 86. Amnesty International urged all the Governments concerned to review the necessity of maintaining the practice of administrative detention. In particular, administrative detention should not be used as a substitute for and a means of avoiding the safeguards of the criminal justice system. Amnesty International welcomed the attention paid by the Sub-Commission to that matter and hoped that it would continue to examine the problems and take all possible steps to bring to an end the abuses involved. 87. Ms. WINKELMANN (Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Among Peoples) welcomed the report of the Special Rapporteur on states of emergency (E/CN.Z/1990/33). 88. States of emergency were times of acute tension that increased the possibility of human rights violations and the unjust limitation of democratic activities. In particular, martial law situations required close scrutiny by the international community and remedial action by the Government concerned. 89. One aspect of martial law situations requiring special attention was the 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing human rights issues, specifically the use of administrative detention and martial law, and their impact on individuals' liberty and democratic activities. It references international law, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and quotes organizations like Amnesty International. This suggests that the text is focused on human rights and governance, rather than economic or technical issues.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Human rights