and44/135; Economic andSocialCouncil resolutions 5(I),9(11),277(X), 474A(XV),728F(XXVIII), 1235(XLII), 1503(XLVIII), 1985/17 and1988/4; and Commission onHumanRightsresolutions 8(XXIII) and20(XXXVI). 35.11 TheUnited Nations haspromulgated asignificant numberofinternational conventions anddeclarations onhumanrights. Thereremains agap,however, between theseinternationally recognized normsandtheirapplication, thereasons forwhicharediverse. ManyStates havenotyetsubscribed tosuchinternationally recognized norms. WhereGovernments havedoneso,theymaynothavethepersonnel ortheexpertise neededtointegrate theprovisions ofconventions intotheir national system. Insomesituations theruleoflawisfragile. Theneedto promote theapplication ofexisting international normsremains essential. 35'.12Individuals andgroupsoftenfindtheneedtoaddress themselves tothe United Nations todrawattention toproblems theyareencountering ortorequest itsintercession soastoensurerespect forhumanrights andfundamental freedoms. ItistheroleoftheUnited Nations toreactadequately, promptly and effectively tosuchappeals. 35.13Policy-making organs, whenconsidering situations ofalleged violations of humanrightsincertain countries orterritories, require factual information and analyses. Thisisalsotruewithregardtowidespread phenomena ofserious violations. Inthosesituations, thepolicy-making organs havefounditnecessary torespond toappeals regarding individual cases. Accordingly, procedures and mechanisms dealing withalleged violations ofhumanrightstobeapplied by individual experts, committees orworking groupsmandated bypolicy-making organs havebeenaregular feature ofthehumanrights programme. 35.14 Thus,theobjectives ofthesubprogramme are: (a)Toensurecontinuing implementation ofinternational normsandtreaties inthefieldofhumanrights, including: (i)TheInternational Covenant onEconomic, Social andCultural Rights, the International Covenant onCivilandPolitical Rights andtheOptional Protocol thereto, aswellastheSecondOptional Protocol tothe International Covenant onCivilandPolitical Rights aimingatthe abolition ofthedeathpenalty; (ii)TheInternational Convention ontheElimination ofAllFormsofRacial Discrimination; (iii) TheInternational Convention ontheSuppression andPunishment ofthe CrimeofApartheid; -4- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(iv)TheConvention against Torture andOtherCruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment orPunishment; (v)TheConvention ontheRightsoftheChild; (vi)Suchotherconventions dealing withhumanrights asmaybeadopted bythe United Nations, including inparticular thedraftinternational convention ontheprotection oftherightsofmigrant workers andtheir families; (b)Torespond positively topetitions orappeals received bytheUnited Nations; (c)Toprovide policy-making organswiththepertinent factsandanalyses in ordertoassistintheconsideration ofsituations ofalleged violations ofhuman rights, inthereviewofworld-wide phenomena ofespecially serious violations and, inconnection withthe'latter task,torespond toappeals regarding individual cases. (b)CourseofactionoftheSecretariat 35.15 Themethods ofworkoftheSecretariat are,inthefirstplace,determined bytherelevant conventions themselves, particularly theprocedures forexamination ofreports. Othermeansofactioninclude theencouragement offurther ratifications oraccessions totheinternational instruments onhumanrights; the enhancement anddeepening ofthedialogue between theStatesparties tothese instruments andtherelevant monitoring bodies, suchastheCommittee onthe Elimination ofRacialDiscrimination, theHumanRights Committee, theCommittee on Economic, Social andCultural Rights, theCommittee against Torture andthe Committee ontheRightsoftheChild,theGroupofThreeonApartheid; the promotion offurther exchanges ofexperience amongGovernments ontheapplication ofinternational instruments andstandards; andtheimprovement ofUnitedNations procedures formonitoring States' compliance withtheirtreatyobligations,
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the promotion and protection of human rights, focusing on the United Nations' efforts to ensure the implementation of international norms and treaties related to human rights. It highlights the gap between international recognized norms and their application, and the need for the United Nations to respond adequately to appeals regarding individual cases.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Education