arenotyetwelldeveloped andpromoted. Theindustrial sectorhasalsofailedto established adynamic linkwiththeagriculture sector. 30.78 Whilethedevelopment ofsmall-scale, cottage andruralindustries is increasingly givenpriority attention byAfrican countries, therestillisaneed forgreater awareness oftheroleofsmall-scale industries inthebuilding upofa soundandself-sustained industrial basecharacterized bytheexistence oflinkages withintheindustrial sector andbetween industry andothersectors. 30.79 Theobjectives ofthesubprogramme are: (a)ToassisttheECAmembers andintergovernmental organizations inAfrica inthedevelopment andpromotion ofcapabilities fortheformulation ofindustrial policies, plansandstrategies geared towards industrial productivity and nationalization ofexisting industrial structure; (b)Topromote industrial programmes andprojects aimedatcreating national ormultinational resource-based andcore-engineering industries; (c)Topromote technological andentrepreneurial capabilities, especially for small-scale industries; (d)Toassistinbuilding andstrengthening subregional andregional institutions forindustrial development inthefieldsoftechnology, standardization, production andmanagement. (b)CourseofactionoftheSecretariat 30.80 TheECAsecretariat willundertake research studies andprovide advisory services tomemberStates, withaviewofdeveloping andpromoting capabilities for formulation ofindustrial policies andstrategies geared towards restructuring and rehabilitating theindustrial sector. Itwillorganize country andsubregional workshops andseminars forgovernment officials andindividual entrepreneurs witha -19- L. Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Libraryviewof~romoting small-scale industries andensuring thatthoseindustries are integrated intothedevelopment process. Furthermore, theECAsecretariat will prepare andconduct training programmes inordertoimprove andstrengthen capabilities ofAfrican countries inindustrial planning, establishment and management ofindustries andtherehabilitation ofexisting industries within the framework ofsubregional economic policies. Suchactivities willbeorganized in collaboration withthesecretariats ofUNIDO,theAfrican Institute forEconomic Development andPlanning, theAfrican Regional CentreforEngineering Design and Manufacturing, theAfrican Regional CentreforTechnology andtheAfrican Regional Organization ~orStandardization. 30.81 Majoractivities inthefieldofagro-andforest-based industries will include preparation oftechnical studies andprovision oftechnical advisory services toGovernments ontherehabilitation andupgrading ofsomeofthe identified agro-andforest-based industries; identification, preparation, appraisal andpromotion ofprojects aimedatexpanding foodpreservation and processing industries; organization oftraining courses, seminars andstudytours onmanaging agro-andforest-based industries withspecial emphasis ontheaspects ofpreservation, processing andstorage offood.Consultations amongtheECA members andpromotional meetings between countries andpotential donors and partners willalsobeorganized. SUBPROGRAMME 11.TRADEDEVELOPMENT ANDCO-OPERATION (a)Objectives 30.82 Thelegislative authority forthesubprograrnme derives fromGeneral Assembly resolutions 8-13/2, 42/175and44/218: Economic andSocialCouncil resolutions 1988/68 and1989/118; andEconomic Commission forAfricaresolutions 568(XXI), 590(XXII), 591(XXII) and593(XXII). 30.83 TheAfrican countries continue toexperience alowlevelofdomestic trade, whichischaracterized bylopsided distribution andmarketing policies inwhich serious shortages ofconsumption ofgoodsand'foodexistside-by-side with surpluses withinthesameeconomy. Lowpriority isstillaccorded intherural areastotradeservices, aswellastradefinancing andcredit. Intra-African tradecontinues tohaveadeclining roleinthedevelopment process andshows
**Analysis**
The text appears to be focused on promoting industrial development and trade in Africa, with a specific emphasis on small-scale industries, agricultural development, and regional cooperation. It also touches on the need for capacity building and training in industrial planning and management. The language used is technical and policy-oriented, suggesting that the text is intended for policymakers and stakeholders in the field of economic development.

**Category**
Economic development, Industry, International trade