to be a priority. Assistance was provided to some African least developed countries for preparing plans and holding review meetings. A survey of individual African least developed countries, 1983-1984, was prepared for the Conference of Ministers of African Least Developed Countries as was an evaluation of progress in implementing SNPA in African LDCs in connection with the 1985 mid-term review. J J - 14 - 10. Furthermore, a study on the balance-of-payments problems of African developing countries was completed. It examined thoroughly the problems associated with Africa's visible and invisible trade and established that the ability to sustain the development momentum has been gravely eroded by an increase in the import bill for food, fuel and capital goods and a persistent decline in the quantity and prices of commodities exported. Export expansion is further constrained by quotas and tariff barriers. Virtually all flows including lending by private capital markets, official development assistance and the multilateral financing institutions have fallen short of the desired amounts and the problem is further compounded by foreign exchange leakages; consequently, innovative responses and policies need to be applied during the 1980s and beyond. A roundtable of governors of African central banks and senior officials of international finance institutions met at ECA headquarters from 4 to 8 February 1985 to review and assess the balance-of-payments and foreign exchange leakage problems of African countries. 2. Industrial development 11. In response to the decisions of the seventh Conference of African Ministers of Industry in March 1984 ECA, within the framework of the Joint Committee of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), ECA and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) on the Industrial Development Decade for Africa (IDDA), has paid particular attention to following up the four subregional meetings on the promotion of intra-African industrial co-operation and to encouraging closer 
**Analysis**
The text discusses various economic development issues in Africa, such as balance-of-payments problems, foreign exchange leakages, and industrial development. It also mentions the need for innovative responses and policies to address these issues. This suggests that the text is primarily focused on economic development and international trade.

**Category**
Economic development, International trade