a deed is simply a formal docu­ ment normally executed in the presence of a witness or witnesses; Odgers Construction 1, Black deed, seal; EN Law of Property Act 1925, 52, 57, 73(1), 74(1). Note that the instrimient under hand and the deed are both private instruments and that consequently the distinction between them is not the same as between the private instrument (acte sous seing privé. escritura privada) and the public instrument (acte authentique. escritura publica) of the civil law, the public form of instrument being unknown in most common law countries for private transactions Guillien; NOT acte sous seing privé Ossorio açtQS solemnes; NOT escritura privada deed poll F instrument unilatéral S escritura unilateral EN: a unilateral deed, e.g. a power of attorney, as opposed to an indenture; Costello âssât OCL West West - 326 - F de façon abusive E wrong(fui)ly - abusively - improperly - unwarrantably S F défaillance E default S F de fait V. tuteur de fait E de facto S de hecho E defamation EN: may be intentional or F diffamation S difamación E default V. imprisonment in default rebeldía E default fine EM Companies Act 1985, unintentional; comprises slander (oral defamation, which is a civil wrong) and libel (defamation in a permanent form, which may be a criminal as well as a civil wrong); IN PC; SC PC 184 (= libel, see above) 6(3), 730(5) and Sch. 24, MCA 63(3); the same system exists in New York State F astreinte S E default judgement (EN, US) EN RSC 0. 13, Langan 59; US FRCP 55 F jugement par défaut S F défaut V. arrêt par défaut jugement par défaut procédure par défaut E default NOT abfifinfifi (see Dalloz Proc. pén. p. 679) S - 327 - F défavorable E (translate according 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing legal documents, specifically deeds and instruments, and their characteristics, such as being executed in the presence of witnesses and being private instruments. The text also mentions defamation and default judgments, which are legal concepts. Given the legal nature of the text, it seems likely that it is related to the field of law.

**Category**
Law, Education