was rapidly leading to a very dangerous situation for their populations. That was an intolerable victimization of poor countries by the industrialized countries, and an end should be put to such irresponsible activities. There was an urgent need to examine the question of the criminal responsibilities of countries - an arena of international law hardly developed. None the less, it should be recognized that dumping often happened with the complicity of the authorities of the developing countries, who saw in it a source of income, often for personal gain. 15. The first draft of a manual on corruption was welcomed as a valuable step in the right direction. To ensure its global applicability and universal relevance, the reactions of the Committee were indispensable. Since that was not feasible at the current session, the participants were requested to address their comments, reflecting their national experience, to the United Nations Secretariat, thus helping in the process of revision. 16. The draft model treaty for the prevention of crimes against the cultural patrimony of States was welcomed as a useful complement to the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The draft had been prepared in close co-operation with the Division of Cultural Patrimony of UNESCO, as well as with the assistance of the United Nations interregional and regional institutes and of individual experts. 17. The draft model treaty showed similarities to existing bilateral treaties. Its aims were well-founded, since, when the culture of a people was appropriated, part of a nation's soul disappeared. The pillaging of archaeological sites had to be more effectively brought under control, although the high prices those articles fetched on the international art markets was an incentive to black marketeers and 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the issues of dumping toxic waste and the theft of cultural patrimony, which are both related to international cooperation and the responsibilities of countries. It also mentions the need for a manual on corruption and a treaty to prevent crimes against cultural heritage. These topics suggest that the category should be related to international cooperation, development, and governance.

**Category**
Culture, International trade