advilor, panell.orbytechnical orticestromWHOcollaboratins centres. or conlultantl. temporary advisers, national membersotaIclentific group.etc. Fromatinancial andprote8slonal pointofview.tbi8Isarational andan etflcient wayofdealingwithrepresentation Inanorganization witha specltic .~ndate. 47.At1~.invitations tothemeetinas ofre810nal Intergovernmental orsanizations andottheRecional Bconomic andSocialCommissions otthe UnitedNationsarehandled bytheregional departments inthefield. 48.Otherorganizations (FAO.UNIDOandUNBSCO)haveasimilarpractice. FAObaselplained that.undertbeausterity measures. fieldofficesareused morothanbeforeforrepresentational purposes sincethebudgetisvery restricted. However. Inaskinttheseofticestoparticipate Inameeting.it.centralunittorco-ordination shouldclearthematterwiththodepartment deallnswithregional aftairs. InthecaseotICAO.althoush e~pertsfromthe resional otficesfreQuently represent ICAOatmeetinss intheirreslon.the dec18lon hathatreaardisal",aystakenatheadQuarters. 49.WRO.Whichhasonlytwosmallregional officesoutsideItsheadQuartero, veryoftenreQuests thatthedirectors ofnational meteorological services arrangetodesignate atechnically competent ofticlal toparticlpate lnthe meetlng8 whichtakeplacelntheircountries ornearbyresion,asrepresen­ tativo8ofthoOrganization. Thislswithlittleornocosttothe Organization. Thisprocedure ispartlcularly usefulwhenonlyscientific and technical Gubjeets arediscussed. /...-13- V.PARTICIPATION INCONPIRBNCBS ANDIIBtIIOS A.r[.p,r'tlon (OEp.rtl~ID.tlop SO.Themajority oforaanlzatloDs haveIntroduced Intheirmanualsasection onpreparation inordertoenlurea8uece••tulandproperpresontation of theirpo.ltion atconferences andmeetlnl" 51.rheprov!.lon. ofonepartotoraanlzation. arecomprehen,ire anawoll developed, whichcanuletully 8erveasabaelsforathorouah preparatory work,althoush someotthemareshortorprosentonl,asummary. 52.Intheorsanlzatlons wheretherearenorulesatallonpreparation, thepreparation bytheirrepre8entatlveg isver,spontaneous andsometimes superficial. Surprlslnsl" 80moorganizations egenwithaslgnlflcant representational activity alsofoIlunderthisc.tesor,. 53.Thepreparation variesdepending on:thestatusotatten1anca, the~Jpe andtheaaendaofthemeeting, andtheconcret~ needsandInterest ofan oraaDlzation Inpresenting Itsposition atmeeting•. 54.Theminimumpreparation conslst8 otconsultations offiles,ha(kground documents, brlefinas tromtechnical unitsandthepreparation otoralor,m~re freQuentl" writtenstatements. Almostthehaltofattendance IstbUB prepared. Asmentioned Inparagraph 26,thelatereceiptotinvit&tlons and lackofbactaround document8 havebeenob8tacles toanapproprlat9 p~eparatlon forparticipation. SS.Thepreparation inoraanlzatlon8 whichpa,moreattention tothisaspect ofrftpresentation Ismoreproclsel, organized. AtWHO,thede,4gnated representative consults thereports onprevious meetinss, colletts documen­ tation,makesresearch, corresponds withtheInviting oraanlzatlon (whenever necessar,) andprepares p.personhisowncontribution whichareregular1, claritled atahlsherlevel.~followsasimilarprocedure. 56.AtFAO,apartfromthisusualprocedure, thepreparatory wortsometimes Includes theconvenlns ofInterdlvlslonal meetings oreeetlnsofwritten c~ntl byunitsconcerned regarding theOrgsnlzatlon's position onthe lubjecttobediscussed. Representatives ofUNESCO ar~veryvellbriefed beforedeparture bothorallyandInvritlna,Itrequired. InthecaOGot'AO and110,writtenpaper.prepared areregularly cl~aredwiththedirectors of thedepartments concerned, althoush thereareevencase.thatreQuireDpeclal clearance fromtheDirector-General orapproval bytheSecretary-Gen,:al.uru'lrulesprovideforregulardiscussion withtheDlrecto~-Gener.l aboutthe age~daofthemeetinsand.tatements, Itan,. 57.InICLO's pra~tlce, therepresentatives receive anappropriate brl6flng bytheir8upervlsor whichmaybeapproved b,theSecr4tar,-General oreventhe President oftheCouncilofICAO,depending ontheImpurtance orthemeetlnt. I•.·-14- 58.Whentbeparticipation ilallured byItatt.e.ber.ottherealonal or liailonottlce.ot,~~andWHO,tbeunitconcerned otbe.dQuarter. Ihould pro,ldeth.-wltb ade~uate brlerlnl andq~ce'lary Inforaatlon Inorderto properl, repre.ent tbeOraanl.atlon. 8.'articlt.!1!ea 59.Intbe.anual.ortbe.peclallzed a,ehcie., tberearenQprovlllonl relatedtotbeattendance atconterencel a~~meetina" contrar, tothe UnitedNation.InvbichtheSecretar,-General'. bulletin provides torprecise pro,l.lonl wblch dete~lne tbe.ub.tantl,. actl,lty otreprelentatl,el durlna tbe..etlna'ldeliberation •• 60.Howe,er, alveDtbatthereplle.tot~.~u••tlonn~lrQ concernlna thll lectlonha,ecovered 8~01talllapecta QtQttendanco, tbeo~aanlzatl~na auut ba,•••tabll.hed Inpractice rul••onthl.ISBueandaalned.n,,~erl.nce trom da,-to-da, wort. 61.Dependlna onthenatureottbeIn,ltdtlons anda180onthet,peofthe Neetlns., a.veil••tbeparticular reQuirementa ortbelnvltlns orlanizatlon,
**Analysis**
The text appears to be discussing the participation of international organizations in meetings and conferences, including the preparation and representation of their positions. It mentions specific organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The text also touches on the financial and logistical aspects of representation, as well as the importance of preparation and clear communication. Given these themes, it seems likely that the text is related to international cooperation and diplomacy.

**Category**
International cooperation and diplomacy, Science and technology