identify thespecial needsofrefugee women,particularly intheareaof protection, andtoencourage theirinvolvement inaddressing thoseneeds, anda SeniorCo-ordinator forRefugee Womenhasbeenrecently appointed. 35.30 Withregard torefugee children, boththeirnumber andtheirvulnerability causethemtobeofspecial concern intheareaofprotection. Approximately half ofthewO,r1d'srefugees 'arechildren below18yearsofage.Following theadoption bytheExecutive Committee atitsthirty-eighth session in1987ofConclusions on refugee children, UNCHRhasalsoprepared guidelines onrefugee children, whichset outtheirspecific needsandproblems, aswellastheconcrete stepstobetakento redress them. 36.31 Thecentral objective ofthesubprogramme willcontinue tobetoobtain the widestpossible observance byStatesofinternationally accepted standards forthe treatment ofrefugees through theeffective implementation oftheprovisions contained inthe1951Convention andthe1967Protocol together withefforts undertaken inaccordance withsubprogramme 1.Whererefugee problems arisein countries notparties toeitherthe1951Convention orthe1957Protocol, UNHCR action, basedontheuniversal natureofthemandate oftheOffice, willbe directed towards ensuring thatrefugees receive asfavourable alegalstatusas possible, thattheyaretreated inaccordance withrelevant principles ofgeneral -10- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Libraryinternational law,including established principles ofhumanrights, andthat,at theminimum, theyareprotected against refoulement. 36.32 Otherrelated objectives willaimatimproving theprotection ofrefugee womenandrefugee children. Asregards refugee women, inaddition toassuring theirbetterprotection thegoalwillbe,inparticular, topromote their participation, asagentsaswellasbeneficiaries, intheplanning and implementation ofprotection programmes. Concerning refugee children, the objective istoensurethattheirspecial protection needs,especially thoseof unaccompanied minors, aregivenparticular attention. Cb)CourseofactionoftheSecretariat 36.33 Theactivities tobeundertaken byUNHCRtoachieve theobjectives ofthe subprogramme willinclude thefollowing: (a)Promoting theadoption ofadequate legislative and/oradministrative measures concerning thegranting ofasylum andtheobservance oftheprinciples of non-refoulement andencouraging liberal practice byGovernments inregardtothose matters; (b)Monitoring, including through directdialogue withGovernments, the implementation byStatesofobligations assumed andresponsibilities owedtowards refugees onthebasisofrelevant international instruments andgeneral principles ofinternational law; (c)Maintaining appropriate contacts withgovernmental andjudicial authorities andproviding adequate legalcounselling andrepresentation facilities soastoensurethatrefugees are,infact,abletobenefit fromthestandards laid downininternational instruments andfromtherelevant provisions ofnational legislation; (d)Promoting, wherenecessary, theestablishment byStatesofappropriate procedures forthedetermination ofrefugee statusasdefined bytherelevant international instruments; (e)promoting theadoption ofthenecessary legislative and/oradministrative measures togiveeffecttothestandards forthetreatment ofrefugees defined in the1951Convention andthe1967Protocol andinotherrelevant international instruments andtheadoption, wherenecessary, oflegislative and/oradministrative measures favourable torefugees inthoseStateswhichhavenotyetbecomeparties tothoseinstruments; (f)Promoting internal legislative and/oradministrative measures favourable totheacquisition byrefugees ofthenationality oftheircountry ofpermanent residence; (g)Developing apo~icy framework andorganizational workplanforthenext stagesinthemainstreaming within UNHCRofrefugee women's protection issues. Particular attention willbepaidtotheneedforfieldpersonnel tofacilitate participation ofrefugee women,revising andexpanding theexisting internal guidelines relating totheinternational protection ofrefugee women, and
**Analysis**
This text appears to be focused on the protection of refugees, particularly women and children, and the measures that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will take to ensure their safety and well-being. The text does not mention economic development, natural resources, or any other categories related to economic or environmental issues. Instead, it seems to be primarily concerned with humanitarian aid and relief, as well as human rights and international law.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Education