with national research bodies, In universities. research Institutions and ministries. More than 200 grants were provided In the different fields Including basic sciences, agriculture• Industry. energy, transport, construct Jon, soc Ia! sciences. etc.­ The evaluation of ASRT experience In contracted research could be summarized In the following: 85 ' . leek of organized focus of S and T capacity on econanlt services with limited access to SandT Information; projects were general lzed and Incomplete, several without a time schedule for Implementation anij priorities. the plans were not Integrated by the Specialized Councils; leek of multidisciplinary, multi-sectoral projects; and there was also a shortage In management, control, reporting end monitoring; Therefore, to overcome these difficulties or bottlenecks and rationalize the available human and financial resources. a planned research programme appeared necessary, especially after the estab­ lishment of the ASRT. When the national Institutions became fami­ liar with the role of ASRT, the relations become Increasingly stronger. The Idea of the 5-Year S&T plans has thus evolved. The Academy Council In January 1982 resolved that the Specia­ l lzed Councils formulate the necessary scientific research plan to meet the requirement of having scientists and technologists parti­ cipate I~ solving the problems of the society and In Implementing the plans for social and economic development. The plan should be based on the present situation with projectlons·for the future. taking Into consideration world conditions and challenges facl~g Egypt both nationally and Internationally. . . The 5-Y~ar Plan by ASRT Council Resolution Is adopted as the basis for foreign co-operation. THE FIVE-YEARS and T PLAN Specialized Councils Division: The actions of the Specialized Research Councl f"s comprise the arena within which Rand D planning takes place. Councils with membership from research and users sectors serve research and development.·· science and technology planning. The five-year plan 
**Analysis**
The text appears to be focused on the development of a research program and plan for science and technology in Egypt, with the goal of addressing the country's economic and social development challenges. The plan involves multiple sectors, including agriculture, industry, energy, and transportation, and aims to improve the country's scientific and technological capacity.

**Category**
Science and technology, Economic development