services and revenue. As a result they tend to become parasites. Future human settlement plans must aim at breaking this dominance by developing other medium-sized towns which would attract part of the rural-urban influx. 37. Future human settlement plans must also consider the set­ tlement needs and characteristics of the country. The patterns differ between island and land-locked communities, those dominated by mining settlements and those dominated by lakes or rivers. The main point to note is that cities should not be al­ lowed simply to grow anyhow. Advance planning is necessary, and it must be in keeping with the purpose that the settlements are expected to serve. 38. A great deal of discipline is required in adhering to plans once they have been properly discussed and accepted. Plan im­ plementation must keep pace with demand. Many innovations in design, services and materials will be required to meet the chal­ lenge of human settlements, othenvise they will be swamped by squatter settlements and slums. E. Political and administrative systems 39. The relationship between political and administrative sys­ tems and the social goals they serve is a subject of frequent comment, especially concerning the extent to which the former may impede the latter. In so far as systems are created to achieve stated goals, they should be subject to periodic reviews and ad­ justments to make them more relevant and functional, to serve those goals. 40. Unfortunately, systems have a way of developing latent functions which may not only preserve tLe systems in their m·n right but may actually be a major factor in subverting the very goals they were set up to serve. 41. When such dysfunctions arise within microsystems, it is easy to identify them and revamp the systems. But where the syE·­ tems have grown in size and powerful vested interests have ac­
**Analysis**
The text discusses the planning and development of human settlements, focusing on the need for advance planning, discipline, and adaptability to meet the challenges of population growth and urbanization. It highlights the importance of considering the specific needs and characteristics of different regions and communities, and the need to break the dominance of large cities.

**Category**
Economic development, Employment