Inthepast40yearstremendous changes havetakenplaceintheinternational situation andtheworldasawhole. Thevigorous movement fornational independence hasmadecolonialism athingofthepastasasystem. Anumberof countries havetakentheroadofsocialist development. Theemergence ofthethird worldanathenumerous smallandmedium-sized countries ontheworldpolitical arenahasbrought afundamental changetothepatternofinternational relations. Withtherapiddevelopment ofmodernscience andtechnology, mankind hasachieved successes beyondtheimagination ofthepastgenerations intheefforttoconquer nature, expandproductive forcesandenhanceitsownwelfare andhasbroadened tile vistasofabetterfuturebeforeit.EMS/15 A/40/PV.14 61 (Mr.WuXUeqian, China) Thechangesofthepost-War worldarereflected inthechanging United Nations. Theemergence ofmanynewly-independent countries inAsia,Africa, Latin America ~ngOceania andthecons~uent bigincrease inthemembership oftheUnited Nations havestrengthened theuniversality oftheOrganization. Despite thetwists andturnstheUnitedNations hasgonethrough, weshouldonthewholegivea positive appraisal ofitsefforts fo:peace,international co-operation andthe greater well-being ofmankind. We~ngratulate theUnitedNations onits achievements overthepast40yearsandarereadytoworkwithallotherMember Statestostrengthen theroleoftheOrganization. Compared withthepreceding ~eartherearecertain signsofrelaxation inthe worldsituation. Buttherootcauseoftension remains. Thereisauniversal desireforagenuine relaxation ofinternational tension. Tothisenditis imperative tostopthearmsraceandseekfairandreasonable solutions toregional conflicts. Here,Ishouldliketospeakonthosetwoissues. Inthepastfourdecades. discussions ondisarmament havebeengoingonevery year,bothinsideandoutside ~eunitedNations. Regrettably, thearmsracehas neverceasedforasinglemoment. Onthecontrary, ithaskeptescalating. That isanundeniable historical fact.Onemayaskseveral questions: Howmanynuclear weapons werethereintheworldin1963whenthepartial nuclear-test-ban Treaty wassigned? Howmanynuclear weapons weretherein1972whentheinterim United States~Soviet agreement onstrategic armslimitation wassigned? Andhowmanymore nuclear weapons aretheretodayascompared with20yearsago?Thenumberof strategic nuclear warheads alonehasincreased several times. Thistrendcannot butcausegeneral concern. Thearmsracecannotpossibly beaunilater~t affair. Although bothsideshaveclaimed onlytomaintain parity, eachisinfactbenton gaining supremacy overtheother. Whenonesidedeclares thatithasfallenbehind andmustcatchup,theothersidewilldolikewise onthesameexcuse. ThisEMS/IS A/40/PV.14 62-.,------------------------------------------ (Mr.WuXueqian, China) inevitably leadstoanalternating escalation oftheirarmsrace.Inorderto changethelong-standing situation inthearmsrace,inwhicheachsidetriesto outdotheother,itisimperative forthetwonuclear Powersthatpossess 95percentoftheworld's nuclear weapons earnestly toconsider takingtheleadin drastically reducing theirnuclear arsenals. Theywillstillhaveenoughleftto destroy eachothereveniftheirnuclear arsenals arecutbyhalf,letalonebya quarter. Itmustbepointed outthatthearmsracebetween thesuper-Powers has beenextended fromland,seaandairtoouterspace.Ifthistrendoflarge-scale qualitative escalation isallowed tocontinue unchecked, itisboundtoincrease thedangerofwarandtoposeagravethreattoworldpeace. Wewelcome theresumption ofdisarmament talksinGenevabetween theUnited StatesandtheSovietUnion. Thetwocountries willalsoholdasummitmeeting in thenearfuture. Itishopedthatthrough serious talkstheywillreacha practical andeffective agreement without prejudice tothirdcountries. Ofcourse, itwouldbeunrealistic topinourhopesforpeaceontheirtalksonly. Inviewofthegravethreattoworldpeaceposedbythecontinued escalation ofthearmsraceandinviewofthestrongdesireofthepeopleoftheworldfor nuclear andconventional disarmament, theChinese delegation wishestoputforward totheGeneral Assembly thefollowing four-point proposal: First,inordertoreducethedangerofanuclear warandtocreatethe conditions forthecomplete elimination ofthatdanger,allnuclear States-and thetwobignuclear Powers, theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion,inparticular - shouldundertake nottobethefirsttousenuclear weapons inanycircumstances andshouldunconditionally pledgenottouseorthreaten tousenuclear weapons against non-nuclear Statesoragainst nuclear-free zones. Proceeding onsucha basis,aninternational convention prohibiting theuseofnuclear weapons shouldbe concluded withtheparticipation ofallnuclear States.'EMS/15 A/40/PV.14 63' (Mr.WUXueqian, China) secondly, inordertoavertthepossible escalation ofaconventional warinto anuclear warinareaswithahighconcentration ofnuclear andconventional weapons; thetwomilitary blocs-theNorth Atl~ntic Treatyorganization and~~e
**Analysis**
The text appears to be a speech or statement by a Chinese representative at the United Nations, discussing the current state of international relations, the arms race, and the need for disarmament and cooperation. While it touches on global developments and the role of the United Nations, it does not specifically address economic, environmental, or social issues in the classical sense.

**Category**
International relations, Science and technology