substantial private flows. Therewasthefurther consideration that non-debt-creating flowshadparticular priority whensomanydeveloping countries werehaving extreme difficulties inservicing loancapital. Thestepsthat developing countries couldtaketoattract private portfolio capital byfostering thegrowth oftheirdomestic capital markets hadbeendiscussed insomedetail bya WIDERstudygroup. 11.AspartofWIDER's programme onsocialist countries, asymposium foreconomic policy makers insocialist countries hadbeenheldatHelsinki inMarch1990onthe basisofaforthcoming WIDERpublication entitled TheRoadtoaFreeEconomy. The bookinquestion advocated a"bigbang"approach toeconomic reforms ofthekind beingimplemented inPoland undertheguidance ofWIDERresearch adviser Professor Jeffrey Sachs. TheWIDERsymposium hadstressed theneedforadequate external resource supports ifthatkindofreform package wastobeviablein socio-political termsbycushioning theshockofthetransition. 18.Theenvironment dimension ofeconomic growth anddevelopment hadnowbecome a majorconcern oftheinternational community. That,too,wasanareainwhichthe United Nations University andtheWIDERInstitute wereengaged inongoing studies designed toelaborate ontheissues involved andmakeusefulpolicyA/S-18/AC.l/SR.l English Page5 (Mr.Gurgulino DeSouza) recommendations. Amongthetasksthatwerebeingattempted wasthatofprecisely defining theconcept ofsustainable development andevofving proposals thatmight constitute aninputintothe1992United Nations Conference onEnvironment and Development. WIDER's workinthatareawasbeingcomplemented byaprogramme under implementation bytheUniversity's headquarters atTokyo, dealing withthehuman dimensions ofglobal change. 19.Theinterrelationships between andthecomplexity oftheissuesthathehad touched uponwouldclearly require muchcloserinternational co-operation inthe 1990sthaninthepast. Theyrequired aglobal decision-making forumofmanageable size,andboththeUnited Nations andtheBretton Woodssystems hadexperimented withvarious waysofreducing whatcouldoftenbeanextended debateinalarge forumtoameaningful dialogue. Itwasnotsurprising therefore thatthekey industrial countries hadretreated intosummit meetings atthelevelofHeadsof Stateofthe"Five" orthe"Seven" totakemajordecisions onissues ranging from .exchange ratestotheenvironment. Theresulting erosion oftheauthority ofthe international financial andeconomic institutions could,intheviewofyetanother WIDERstudygroup, beredressed onlyifacountervailing "GroupoftheNon-Five" weretoorganize itselfinsuchawayastodelegate negotiating authority toa smaller groupcomprising 7to10"Hea.dsofGovernment oftheNon-Five". The dialogue ofthe1990swould, inthatevent, bebetween theFiveandthe representatives oftheNon-Five. 20.TheUnited Nations University wouldcontinue itsworkonthoseandother institutional questions. Forreasons oftimehehadconcentrated onlyoncertain highlights ofamorecomprehensive statement, copies ofwhichwouldbemade available todelegations. 21.Mr.ALIKHAN (WorldIntellectual Property Organization) saidthatalargeshare oftheactivities oftheWorldIntellectual Property Organization (WIPO) concerned inventions. Technological inventions eitheroriginated inagivencountry or reached thatcountry bywayofthetransfer oftechnology. Thecreation of inventions within eachcountry's ownterritory byitsownnationals wasofextreme importance tothecountry inquestion andwastobeencouraged. Indigenous inventiveness wasanindispensable element foreconomic self-reliance. The capacity toinvent wasthere, toanequalextent, ineverynation. Whatwasneeded wastoencourage inventive talent. Thatwasdonebyaffording recognition and legalprotection oftheinventor's economic interest inhisinvention. Oneof WIPO's taskswastoadvise theGovernments ofdeveloping countries, orthe institutions incharge ofresearch anddevelopment indeveloping countries, onthe creation ofeconomic incentives forincreasing theinventive activities oftheir nationals.
**Analysis**
The text discusses various aspects of international cooperation, economic development, and sustainable development, with a focus on the role of international institutions and organizations in promoting economic growth, innovation, and environmental protection. It also touches on the need for global decision-making forums and the importance of encouraging inventive talent.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology