efficiency andeffectiveness ofemergency preparedness andresponse tonewrefugee situations, ortoparticipate, attheinvitation oftheSecretary-General, in special humanitarian operations forwhichUNHCRhasparticular expertise and experience; (b)Topromote thedevelopment andimplementation ofintermediate assistance measures, pending theidentification ofdurable solutions, withtheultimate aimof enabling refugee groups andindividuals tobecomeself-supporting inthecountry of firstasylum. Inthiswayltheneedforprolonged careandmaintenance programmes iscontained andthefinancial burden onthehostGovernment, andonthe international community at1argelisreduced. (b)CourseofactionoftheSecretariat 36.43 Thestrategy willconsist ofthefollowing activities: (a)Improvment andstreamlining ofexisting in-house emergency procedures, workmethods, andsystems applicable toemergency response; (b)Development andimplementation ofaUNHCRemergency staffing roster to facilitate rapiddeployment ofstafftositesofemergency influxes: (c)Development andutilization ofakitforregistration andcommodity distribution; (d)Continued prov~s~on ofemergency management training tostaffofUNHCR, participating Governments andnon-governmental organizations actingasimplementing partners, andtheimprovement ofcorematerials fortheEmergency Management Training Programme; -14- Digitized by Dag Hammarskjöld Library(e)Inthefieldofearlywarning improvement ofearlywarning mechanisms and systems atthefieldlevelandfortheadvancement ofinter-agency co-ordination; (f)Establishment ofanemergency stockpile thatwillallowtherapid shipment ofthemostcommonly neededreliefitemstotheemergency location; (g)Preparation byallfieldoffices ofa"refugee contingency plan" according toanewformatprepared atHeadquarters; (h)Provision ofassistance forthecontinued development ofnational disaster plansthatinclude refugee components forsouthern Africa andother regions; (i)Systematic utilization ofthe"Supplies andFoodAidFieldHandbook" in theplanning andimplementation oflogistics andtransport systems inemergency operations; (j)Promotion oftheactive involvement ofrefugees intheprovision of emergency assistance andinthedevelopment ofappropriate self-help measures; (k)Systematic evaluation, including "lessons learned" surveys, ofallmajor refugee emergencies; (1)Inrelation torefugee women,further development ofthepolicy framework andorganizational workplanforthenextstagesinthemainstreaming ofrefugee women's issueswithin UNHCR; (m)Widerdissemination ofthe"Guidelines onrefugee children" andthe implementation ofarelated workplan; (n)Revision ofthe"UNHCR Handbook forEmergencies", whichwillhighlight theparticular needsofrefugee womenandchildren; (0)Provision ofcareandmaintenance, whichinvolves notonlytheprovision ofthetypesofassistance listed abovebutalsorelated strategies. Thisinvolves raising thenecessary financial resources fortheGeneral Programme orbyappeals forSpecial Programmes and,inaddition, identifying thoseassistance taskswhich mightbeundertaken inwholeorinpartbyotherbodiesoftheUnitedNations system andotherinternational organizations. Italsoinvolves negotiating an agreeddivision ofresponsibilities andarrangements forfinancing those activities, whileatthesametimesafeguarding theability oftheHigh Commissioner toexercise fullyhismission ofprotection; (p)Monitoring theimplementation ofcareandmaintenance projects and assessing theirimpact onthetargetbeneficiaries, especially womenandchildren. SUBPROGRAMME 5.DURABLE SOLUTIONS 36.44 Thelegislative ~uthority forsubprogramme 5derives fromarticle Iofthe statute ofUNHCR; andGeneral Assembly resolutions 35/42,37/197, 42/108 and44/137. 36.45 Themostappropriate durable solution totherefugee problem continues tobe voluntary repatriation. UNHCRhasrecently facilitated thevoluntary returnto theircountry oforiginofanumberofrefugee groups, particularly Burundis, -15-
**Analysis**
The text appears to focus on the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees' (UNHCR) strategies for responding to refugee crises, including emergency preparedness, response, and provision of humanitarian aid. It also touches on the theme of durable solutions, specifically voluntary repatriation. The text does not seem to be directly related to economic development, natural resources, agriculture, industry, transport, international trade, health, education, employment, or culture.

**Category**
Humanitarian aid and relief, Science and technology