bodies and research Institutes In Industrial end agricultural sectors, the latter being responsible mainly for research as such. However, experts and scholars are sometimes Invited to participate In policy assessment end formulation, end planning. Their views and opinions often receive full attention and consi­ deration by the authorities and are often lncorp.orated In the policy making, either partially or wholely. Professional organizations, associations aAd societies : In· China, there are trade unions at various levels, from central to local; and professional or research societies In the major ministries and Industries. These are non-governmental organizations establ !shed by scientific and technological person­ net with common professional Interests. For example, there are Chinese Ag~lcultural Society, Chinese Forestry Society, Chinese Hydraulic Society, Chinese Metal lurglcal Society, Chinese Chemis­try Industry _Society, etc. The biggest organization of this kind Is the Chinese Association of Science and Technology, with over 100 professional or research societies under It, covering large number of Industries and specialized disciplines. These societies frequently organize professional meetings. which give ful I expre­ ssion to academic research and are creating a strong Impact on the development of science and technology In China. They also offer to conduct research. consulting and technical assessment services, and make recommendations to the government, alI of which contribute greatly to economic benefits of the country. In 1982, the Chinese Association of Science and Technology organized more than 2000 symposia with the participation of over 300,000 Chinese and foreign experts, and 938 science and technology training courses with 50,000 trainees. Standardization, metrology and quality control : The State Bureau of Standarlzatlon Is the agency responsible for standardization across the country. In 1982, the Chinese Institute of Standardization and other Institutes special lzed In the field were established In 15 Industrial sectors lnctudlng 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the role of research institutes, professional organizations, and associations in China's industrial, agricultural, and scientific sectors. It highlights their contributions to policy-making, research, and economic benefits. The text also mentions the Chinese Association of Science and Technology, which is a key player in organizing conferences, training courses, and providing research services.

**Category**
Industry, Science and technology