Review existing health education materials used in Afghanistan, and Pakistan to determine what information relates to disabilities. Develop materials which are needed to provide education for prevention of disabilities. Expand all health education components which already exist in health care programmes. This should be done to include information on prevention of all disabilities. Incorporate health education into all existing health care programmes which do not have education components and into all new health care programmes. Train women for work in health education because they have greater access to women and children and will have a greater impact than male health educators. 9 In Pakistan female health visitors should train Afghan women on an out-reach basis. women would then be able to be trainers in their own communities. -Increase the involvement of community leaders, community groups, and health and social workers. Medium-Term Action -Continue to train women for health education. -Coordinate health education programmes within all health care programmes for Afghans. UN Agencies: UNICEF, UNHCR 8. IMMUNIZATION 1. Present Programme The Expanded Programme of Immunizations (EPI) is extremely important in the prevention of disabilities, especially those due to poliomyelitis but also possible sequelae of measles and tuberculosis. Immunization coverage among Afghans has always been low, owing in large part to the cultural barriers upon access of women (and hence children) to health clinics. The minimum coverage needed in order to prevent epidemics is 80%. In Pakistan, overall EPI coverage was less than 40% up until 1988. Since then, however, significant progress has been made. A survey in Baluchistan in April 1989 showed that 61% of children aged 12-23 months were fully immunized. Coverage for two doses of tetanus toxoid among women was 70%. 10 In Iran, a survey in May 1988 showed EPI coverage among Afghan refugee 
**Analysis**
The text appears to focus on improving health outcomes in Afghanistan and Pakistan, particularly in regards to disability prevention and immunization. The language used is technical and specialized, indicating a strong emphasis on healthcare and medical education. Additionally, the text highlights the importance of community involvement, particularly through the training of women health educators.

**Category**
Health, Humanitarian aid and relief