the young states from this brain drain totalled ebout 100,000 mil I lon dol Iars between 196! and !980 {22). It Is clear that In such conditions the developing coutnrles are unable to accumulete the "critical mass" of personnel necessary to ensure the progress of their science. And some countries fall to comply with the UN resolutions aimed at restricting the "brain drain" and have been openly boycotting telks on such Issues of late. Technology -and Investment The position document on the review and assessment of the effort to Implement lnternatlonel development stretegy for the 3rd UN Development Decade submitted by UNCTAD wes not explicit since It was brought under the category of "Investments" (23). However, the assertion that subsidiaries of the transnational corporations act as leaders of scientific and technological progress In developing countries Is disputable, to say the least. Of course, they do make up pert of the local Industries. But tor the most part the subsidiaries function as enclaves In them staying outside the national development programmes. The technology given to them by parent companies Is kept by them only and Is closed for the use by local Industries. Subsidiaries hardly do any research on their own. For example, In India and 262 Brazil local companies, even smaller t·han the subsidiaries, have spent noticeably more on research and development In percentage of turnover than the subsidiaries of the transnational corpora­ tions, turned out more new goods,· had better contacts with local science and employed larger numbers of researchers, etc (24). In other words, the Influx of foreign capital does not necessarily entail technological progress and gives almost nothing for strengthening domestic scientific capabilities. THE NEED FOR NEW INITIATIVES. It Is apparent that the world community cannot be satisfied with the present shte ot· affairs In the Implementation of the 
**Analysis**
The text discusses the issue of brain drain, technology transfer, and foreign investment in developing countries, highlighting the challenges and limitations of these initiatives in promoting scientific progress and economic development. The text appears to focus on the economic and scientific aspects of development, rather than specific sectors like agriculture or health.

**Category**
Economic development, Science and technology