-10.6 14.8 -0.4 0.2 -2.1 -12.5 1981 45.6 -46.3 -0.7 -12.3 -13 .o -0.3 2.6 0.2 1 o. 5 1982 .'£/ 40.7 -36.3 4.4 -14.1 -9.7 -0.3 3.3 0.3 6.4 Source: ECA secretariat estimates based on data from Inter­ national Financial Statist~~· vol. XXXV, No. 12 (December 1982}. 2_/ Algeria, the Libyan Arab J.amahiriya and Nigeria. 'e._/ Preliminary estimates based on less than 10 months' data. Table VI.B.3 Balance of payments of non-oil-exporting developing Africa (Billia1s of US dollars) Exports (f. o.b.) Imports (f.o.b.) Trade balance Net services and private transfers Balance on current account Official transfers (net} Capital (net} · Net errors and omissions Total change in reserves 1980 31.1 -39.1 -8.0 -5.2 -13.2 3.2 9.5 1.0 -o.5 1981 28.4 -41.2 -12,8 -6.0 -18.8 3.3 13 .o 2.0 0.5 1982 .!!._/ 27.4 -37.9 -10.5 -6.2 -16.7 3.0 11.9 1.4 0.4 Source: ECA secretariat estimates based on data from rlorld Economic Outlook, Occasional Paper No. 9 (Washington, IMF, 1982) and International Financial Statistics, vol. XXXV, No. 12 (Decem-ber 1982). --- 2_/ Preliminary· estimates based on less than 10 months'· data. 120 E/ECA/Ct:-1. 9/5 c. ~~ch~~e rates 28. During the early 1980s African developing countries kept their currencies pegged either to a single currency (the US dol­ lar, French franc, South African rand, pound sterling or Span ish peseta) or to a basket of currencies, or to the IMF special draw­ ing right (SDR). 29. Hhere countries adopted a unitary peg, changes in parities between the major currency used and other major currencies in some cases generated domestic inflation in 1981-1982. The franc zone countries, the Gambia, Lesotho, Mali and Swaziland were par­ ticularly seriously affected. Other countries, however, found that their efforts to combat inflation were assisted by the fact 