UnitedStatesmadeitknownthat,notwithstanding the Judgment of26November 1984,intheviewoftheUnited States"theCourtiswithoutjurisdiction toentertain the disputeandthattheNicaraguan Application of9April1984 isinadmissible" andthataccordingly "theUnitedStates intendsnottoparticipate inanyfurtherproceedings in connection withthiscase".On22January1985,theAgent ofNicaragua informed thePresident thathisGovernment maintained itsapplication andavaileditselfoftherights.. ..... !i!i'II ~iiI .liIlilllilliillilliiMi.---~""',~1'!#'t~,ilIiI1lIiIi-.Ii!!I!!!!-I!II· __1 1 Iprovided forinArticle53oftheStatutewhenever oneofthe PartiesdoesnotappearbeforetheCourtorfailstodefend itscase. 29.ByanOrderdated22January1985(I.C.J.Reports 1984,p.3),thePresident fixedtime-limits forthefilingof pleadings onthemerits.TheGovernment ofNicaragua fileditsMemorial withintheprescribed time-Hmit (30April 1985).NoCounter-Memorial hasbeenfiledbytheGovern­ mentoftheUnitedStateswithinthetime-limit allottedtoit, whichexpiredon31May1985,andnoextension ofsuch time-limit wasrequested bythatGovernment. Theoral proceedings willstarton12September 1985. 2.COlllinelltal Shelf(LibyanArabJamalziriya/Malta) 30.On26July1982.theGovernments oftheLibyan ArabJamahiriya andMaltanotifiedjointlytotheRegistrar aSpecial ..Lgreement concluded between themon23May 1976andinforcesincetheexchange on20March1982of theinstruments ofratification. TheSpecialAgreement rC"l~~sts theCourttodecidethefollowing question: "Whatprinciple" andrulesofinternational laware. applicable tothedelimitation oftheareaofthecontinen­ talshelfwhichappertains totheRepublic ofMaltaand theareaofcontinental shelfwhichappertait.3 tothe LibyanArabRepublic. andhowinpracticesuchprinci­ plesandrulescanbeappliedbythetwoPartiesinthis particular caseinorderthattheymaywithoutdifficulty delimitsuchareasbyanagreement asprovided inArti­ clelilT' TheArticleIIIreferredtoprovides fornegotiation afterthe casewithaviewtoreaching agreement onthedelimitation inaccordance withtheCourt'sdecision. 31.On27July1982.theVice-President oftheCourt madeanOrderwhereby. havingregardtoaprovi~,ion ofthe SpecialAgreement between theParties.hefixed26April 1983asthetime-limit forthefilingofaMemorial byeach Party(1.e.J.Reports1982,p.554).TheMemorials were filedwithintheprescribed time-limit and.byanOrderof 26April1983.thePresident fixed26October 1983asthe time-limit forthefilingoftheCounter-Memorials (I.C.J. Reports 1983,p.3).Thelatterwerefiledwithinthe prescribed time-limit. 32.EachStateappointed aJudgeadhocinaccordance withArticle31oftheStatuteoftheCourt. Th~LibyanArab Jamahiriya choseMr.E.Jimenez deArechaga, andMalta choseMr.J.Castaneda. 33.On24October 1983,theItalianGovernment filed anapplication forpermission tointervene underArticle62 oftheStatute.ThatArticlereadsasfollows: "I.ShouldaStateconsider thatithasaninterestofa legalnaturewhichmaybeaffectedbythedecision inthe case,itmaysubmitarequesttotheCourttobepermitted tointervene. "2.ItshallbefortheCourttodecideuponthis request." TheGovernment ofItalyindicated initsapplication thatthe objectofitsintervention inthecaseconcerning delimitation ofthecontinental shelfbetweentheLibyanArabJamahiriya andMaltawastoenableittoparticipate intheproceedings tothefullextentnecessary todefenditsrightsovercertain areasclaimedbytheParties,sothattheCourtmightbeable totakethoserightsintoaccount initsdecision. 34.Inaccordance withArticle83oftheRules.the Governments oftheLibyanArabJamahiriya andMalta 4~ubmitted writtenobservations onthisapplication. As objections wereraisedtoItaly'srequestforintervention, the Courtheld,inaccordance withArticle84oftheRules, sevenpublicsittingsduringwhichspeeches weremadeon behalfofItaly,theLibyanArabJamahiriya andMalta. 35.On21March1984,theCourtdelivered atapublic sittingaJudgment findingbyelevenvotestofivethat Italy'sapplication couldnotbegranted(I.C.J.Reports 1984,p.3).JudgesMorozov, Nagendra SinghandMbaye andJudgeadhocJimenez deArechaga appended separate opinions totheJudgment (ibid.,pp.30-70).Vice-President Sette-Camara andJudgesOda,Ago,Schwebel and Sir RobertJennings appended dissenting opinions totheJudg­ ment(ibid.,pp.70-160). 36.Afterthedecision refusing Italypermission to intervene, theproceedings continued. On21March1984, thePresident madeanOrderfixingat12July1984thetime­ limitforthefilingofRepliesbytheLibyanArabJamahiriya andMalta(I.e.J.Reports1984,p.162),bothStateshaving expressec' thewishtosubmitafurtherpleading asprovided intheirSpecialAgreement. TheAgentsofthePartieseach filedtheirrespective Replies within thetime-limi~ andthe casethusbecamereadyforhearing. Thedocumentation whichthePartieshavesubmitted totheCourtinordertosub­ stantiatetheirclaimsisveryvoluminous (some3,400pages). 37.Following theresignation forhealthreasonsof JudgeadhocMr.J.Castaneda, appointed byMalta,Malta appointed Mr.N.Valticosasitsm~wjudgeadhoc. 38.Between 26November and14December 1984and 4and24February 1985,theCourtheld25publicsittings duringwhichspeeches weremadeonbehalfoftheLibyan ArabJamahiriya andMalta. 39.On3June1985.theCourtdelivered itsJudgment at apublicsitting(I.e.J.Reports1985.p.13).The operative partoftheJudgment readsasfollows: "TheCourt. "byfourteen votestothree. "findsthat,withreference totheareasofcontinental shelfbetween thecoastsofthePartieswithinthelimits definedinthepresentJudgment. namelythemeridian 13°50'Eandthemeridian 15°10'E: "A.Theprinciples andrulesofinternational law applicable fDrthedelimitation. tobeeffected byagree­ mentinimplementation ofthepresentJudgment. ofthe areasofcontinental shelfappertaining totheSocialist •People'sLibyanArabJamahiriya andtotheRepublic of