adopted fewsignificant newmeasures inthepe~iod un~erreview. Substantial progress wasmadeatthelevelofpeople's sanctions asloc~lauthorities adopted newrestrictive measures concerning theirtransactions withtrantnational corporations thatmaintain economic tieswithSouthAfrica. B.g,gyerlUDlllts andintergoyerrvnental organizations 152.IntheUnitedStatesCongress, initiatives havebeenproposed tostrengthen theprovisions oftheComprehensive Anti-~ ActofSeptember 1986,bywhich sanctions wer6imposed agalnst SouthAfrica. Representative RonaldDellums (Democrat-California) introduced, on3January, the~ill1989H.R.21,whicnhas over100co-sponsors. Itprovides foracompl~te withdrawal ofUnitedStates corporations fromSouthAfrica, aneartotalembargo ontradewithSouthAfricaand support fortheimposition ofmultilateral sanctions andrestrictions onmilitary c~-operation between theUnitedStatesandSouthAfrica. Italsoprohibits United Statesoilcorporations involved inSouthAfricafrombidding onanyfederaloil, gasandcoalleases. Asimilar bil~,S.507,wasintroduced bySenator PaulSimon (Democrat-Illinois) on3March1989.Thebillsremainunderconsideration inthe Congress. UI 153.On1August1989,theUnitedStates ~ouseofRapresp~tatives Subcommittee on International Development, Finance, TradeandMonetary PolicyoftheCommittee on Banking, Finance andUrbanAffairs convened ahearing inWashington, D.C.to examine thepolitical implicati~ns oftherescheduling ofSouthAfrica's foreign dAbtrepayment andtheoptions availablo totheUnited Stat~sGovernment concerning theenforcement ofexisting prohibitiol.s onlending toSouthAfrica. Expert witnesses provided testimony onthesubject. 154.Atitsmaeting at~'adridinFebruary 1989,theCouncil ofForeign Ministers decided thatarep(,~twouldbeprepared regarding proposals forstepping up 8a~ction8 against S~uth Afri~a. A:;themeeting withtheircounterparts fromthe front-line StatusinJune1989, ~·.\'.I~12Mlnisters statedthat,beforetheadoption ofanynewmeasures, efforts shou':'cthemddetopersuade Mr.del(1erktointroduce f~ndamental changes inthecountry. 155. Th~Commonwealth Committee ofForeign Ministers onSouthern Africa (CFMSA), at itsmeeting atHarareinFebruary 1989,concluded thatfinancial sanctions were8 stronginstrument against SouthAfricaandshould therefor~ betightened. The Ministe~s (fromAustralia, Canada, Guyana, Indi~,rilgecia, the'JnltedRepablir. of Tanzlnia, ZambiaandZimbabwe) adopted proposals toenforce thearmsembargo and elabcrated definitions ofthetypeofequipment thatshouldbecovered toavoid different interpretations of"armsandrelatedmaterial". Inaddition, theycalled fortheestablishment u':"monitorin'J unit".0assisttheSecurity Council Committee esta"l1B~!ed bySecurity Council resolution 4;.1(1')77)of9December 197'7in investigatiny br~aches ofthearmsembargo and i~publici,ing theCommittee's findings. Comm'lnwealth Stateswereurgedtoimplement eftectively thetnited -40-Nations pmbargo itself, as\.,811astheCommonwealth measures adopt.eel tuotrengthen theembargo.UI 156.Attheirmeeting atCanbern, inAugust 1989,theCommonwea) thMinistorsagreed tosftcure amoreco-ordinated application of910ba1 san(!tions. Theydiscussed an expert re~ortonsaMt!ons, commissioned byCFMSAtoeXlunino newwCiynorextending sanctions. TheMinisters sharedtheconclusions ofthereport tllAtthoexistJnq sanctions havehadaneffect ontheSouthAfrican economy Gndthat.aanctions therefore constitute alegitimate instrwnent ofpolicytoinducetheeradication of apartheid. Thereportcontained therocommendation thatGovenunents uhould phase outtradewithSouthAfricaoverafive-year periodtofort'el'rnt:Ul'h\ tone90tiate withtheblackmajority. Recognizing thatfinancial Janctions nl'~oneofthemost effective formsofpressure ()nPretoria, theMinisters proposerl fUl'ther Cinancial sanctions, notably totighten th~conditions fordebtrepayment. imposefurther restrictions ontradefinance, monitor thebanonmediwII-·term andlong-lel'm lending andtobannewbanklending. TheMinisters agreedtosondndelegation ofRe••ior Commonwealth officials tomeetwithseniorexecutives oCthomember bank"ofthe co-ordinating committee thatiscurrently negotiating the1990nls(:heduling of