attainment ofthisgoal,thecountries possessing thelargest nuclear arsenals shouldtaketheleadandstoptesting, improving andmanufacturing nuclear weapons andreducedrastically theirexisting nuclear weapons. Afterthat,corresponding measures should betakenbytheothernuclear-weapon Statesaccording toa reasonable ratioandprocedure.] Recommendation No.13 [Anagreement givingfulllegally binding forcetoacommitment byall nuclear-weapon Statesnottobethefirsttousetheseterrible weapons ofmass destruction shouldbeconcluded.] [Pending theadoption ofaconvention onprohibition oftheuseorthreatof useofnuclear weapons byallnuclear-weapon States, declarations byall nuclear-weapon States, collectively orindividually, onnon-first-use ofnuclear weapons wouldbeameansofstrengthening theclimate ofconfidence andafirst steptowards lessening theriskofnuclear conflict.] [Inaccordance withrelevant provisions oftheCharter, Statesshouldnever useanyweaponexcept inexercise oftheinherent rightofindividual and collective self-defence.] Recommendation No.14 [Aconvention onprohibition oftheuseorthreatofuseofnuclear weapons bv allnuclear-weapon Statesshould beurgently negotiated andadopted, pending effective measures ofnuclear disarmament.1 -25-Textproposed asanalternative torecommendations 13and14 [Reaffirming theprohibition ofthethreatoruseofforceundertheCharter oftheUnitedNations, Statesshouldcommitthemselves, collectively or individually, nevertobethefirsttouseanyweapon, nuclear orconventional, exceptinexercise oftheinherent rightofindividual orcollective self-defence.] Recommendation No.15 [Inviewofthedangerposedtoallmankind byanarmsraceinouterspace,in particular theimpending dangerofexacerbating thecurrent stateofinsecurity by developments thatcouldfurther undermine international peaceandsecurity, the Conference onDisarmament shouldurgently undertake negotiations fortheconclusion ofanagreement oragreements, asappropriate, toprevent anarmsraceinallits aspects inouterspace.] Recommendation No.16 [Pending moreeffective measures ofnuclear disarmament, Statesshould co-operate inthedevelopment ofacomprehensive setofmeasures fortheprevention ofnuclear warandofallarmedconflict. Theseshouldinclude awidearrayof confidence-building measures, including measures relating tonuclear weapons, tobe negotiated inappropriate frameworks, forregional orglobalapplication.] Recommendation No.17 Ca)[Thenuclear weapons deployed bynuclear-weapon Statesoutside theirown territories should bewithdrawn. Inregions wheretheconcentration ofnuclear weapons hasattained themost dange~ous levels, asaninterim measure, alltactical nuclear weapons insuchregions should beurgently removed. Nofuturedeployments ofanvnuclear weapons should becarried out.] Cb)[Inregions whereanaccumulation ofmilitary forcesexists, theseshould bereduced inamutual, balanced andverifiable manner.] Recomme~dation No.18 [Thenuclear-weapon Statesshouldrefrain frommilitary manoeuvres inwhich nuclear energyisusedfornon-peaceful purposes, especially insituations where nuclear armaments aredeployed incloseproximity ofStatesnotpossessing nuclear weapons, thusendangering theirsecurity.] Recommendation No.19 Textproposed bytheChairman Bearing inmindthatthenuclear-weapon Statesshouldguarantee that non-nuclear-weapon Stateswillnotbethreatened orattacked withnuclear weapons andunilateral declarations madeinthiscontext, negotiations shouldproceed without del~yfortheconclusion ofanagreedinternational instrument ofeffective international arrangements toassurenon-nuclear-weapon States, without any discrimination, against theuseorthreatofuseofnuclear weapons. -26-in Iy on on be n al s Id rProposals concerning theabovetext (a)Inline5,delete"all"; (b)Inlines5and6.delete"without anydiscrimination". Proposed alternative toChairman's text [Bearing inmindthatthenuclear-weapon Statesshouldeffectively assurethe non-nuclear-weapon Statesagainst theuseorthreatofuseofnuclear weapons, and notingtheunilateral declarations madeinthiscontext, theCommission considers