putaneffective barrieragainst theextension ofthearmsraceintospace,as theyleaveopencertain channels, suchasthedevelopment anddeployment in outerspaceofweapons orsystemsofweapons notdefined asweaponsofmass destruction, orthedeployment ofcertain weapons-systems tobeusedagainst -118-objectsins conclUded, t suchdevelop "21.Somed law-bothc Adherence to usedforpea "22.Withr that,asaff anduseof0 law,includi delegations UnitedNatio "23.Somed elementoft theuseoff inherent rig Theyexpress protection t account when satellites a "24.Other principle on notedthati bytheconcl space,inter Article 2(4: strikespace oftheChartE justify 'thet "25.Inthe ofmultllate WeaponTests onPrinciple 'JuterSpace, onRegistrat tht!Prohibit Modification onthetbon UnitedState Limitation 0 reference wa "26.Consid significance delegations different in because ,ofiobjectsinspace,orusedfromspaceagainst objects onEarth. Theyhave ooncluded, therefore, thatconcrete measures areneededurgently toprevent suchdevelopments as~heywouldentaildangerously destabilizing consequences. "21.Somedelegations answered thattherealreadyexistsasubstantial bodyof law-bothcustomary andtreatylaw-thatisapplicable toactivities inspace,. Adherence tothisbodyoflawprovides assurance thatouterspacewillonlybe usedforpeaceful purposes. "22.Withrespecttothelegalregimeapplicable toouterspace,itwasstressed that,asaffirmed inthe1967outerSpaceTreaty,activities intheexploration anduseofouterspaceshouldbecarried outinaccordance withinternational law,including theCharteroftheUnitedNations. Inthisconnection, some delegations notedtherelevance oftheprovisions ofArticle 2(4)ofthe UnitedNations Charter concerning thenon-useofforce. "23.Somedelegations considered thatthoseprovisions constituted acentral elementofthelegalregimeinouterspace. Theynotedthattheprohibition of theuseofforcewassUbject toArticle 51oftheCharter, whichrecognizes the inherent rightofindividual andcollective self-defence incaseofarmedattack. Theyexpressed theviewthatArticle 2(4)oftheCharter already afforded protection tospace'objects andthat,therefore, thisshouldbetakeninto account whenconsidering theneedforadditional measures fortheprotection of satellites against theuseofforce. "24.Otherdelegations, whilereoognizing theimportance ofthegeneral principle onthenon-useofforce,aslaiddownintheUnitedNations Charter, notedthatitdidnotpreclude themilitarization ofouterspace,asevidenced bytheconclusion ofinternational agreements specifically relating toouter space,interalia,the1967OUterSpaceTreaty. Itwasalsonotedthat Article 2(4)didnotprohibit thedevelopment, testing anddeployment of strikespaceweapons; Furthermore, inregardtothereference toArticle 51 oftheCharter, theyreiterated thatthisArticle couldnotbeinvoked to justifytheuseorthreatofuseofforcefromouterspace. "25.Intheconsideration ofexisting agreements, delegations discussed anumber ofmUltilateral andbilateral instruments, interalia,theTreatyBanning Nuclear WeaponTestsintheAtmosphere, inOuterSpaceandunderWater(1963>, theTreaty onPrinciples Governing theActivities ofStatesintheExploration andUseof IJuterSpace,including theMoonandOthercelestial Bodies(1967>,theConvention onRegistration ofObjects Launched intoOUterSpace(1975>,theConvention on theProhibition ofMilitary orAnyOtherHostile UseofEnvironmental Modification Techniques (1977>,theAgreement Governing theActivities ofStates ontheMoonandothercelestial Bodies(1979>andtheTreatyBetween the UnitedStatesofAmerica andtheUnionofSovietSocialist Republics onthe Limitation ofAnti-Ballistic Missile Systems (1972>" Inthisconnection, reference wasmadetodocuments CD/os/wp.6 andtD/OS/WP.7. "26.Considerable attention focused onthe1267OuterSpaceTreatyandthe significance oftheTreatywasgenerally underlined. Atthesametime,various delegations statedthattheTreatycontained termsthatlentthemselves to different interpretations. Inaddition, anumberofdelegations believed that, because ,ofitalimited scope,theTreatywasnotsufficient toprevent anarms -119-;' i, 1 i I I, "I·,. n-I r-."",,3;(:i'l$ raceinouterspace. Theypointed outthat,while th~Treaty, together with . theMoonTreaty, provided forthecomplete demilitarization Qfthemoonand othercelestial bodies, aswellasfortheirorbitsandtrajectories, asfar