remain passive tools of development. This L:~plies a change of customs and attitudes which will not take pl<~ce in one day but which will occur progressively if the countries have tLe politi­ cal will to achieve it. 161 E/ECA/CM.9/5 Notes. 1/ Population and Development Review, vol. 8. No. 3 (Sep­ tember 1982) . 2/ "Women and rural development in Africa" par Marie­ Ang~lique Savoire in Women in rural development: critical is­ sues. BIT, Geneve, 1980, p. 28. ~~ Ibid. pp. 28-29. 4/ Ren~ Dumont and M. France Martin in !'Afrique etrangl~e Ed du-Seuil, Paris, 1980. 5/ Women and Co-operatives, United Nations (ECA/(CARFF)/BIT) Addis Ababa, 1980. ~/ M. El Belghiti and L. Beneria: The participation of women in agricultural production. A case study of the Oudja region of Morocco, BIT, Geneva, 1981. F.Meness~: Les effets de la modernisation rurale sur les roles des sexes au Maroc.BIT,Geneve,l981. 7/ Report of the World Conference on Agrarian Reforms and Rural-Development, Rome, 1979, page 10. ~/ La participation des femmes rurales au developpement: A propos d'une action d'animation rurale femine en Republique du Niger. !RAM, Paris, 1975 cite far D. Bazin -Tardiem: Integra­ tion des Femmes dans la Reforme Agraire et de Developpement Rural dans les Pays Africains au Sud du Sahara. CARFF, Addis Abeba, 1977. 162 NORTH AFRICA Al<,;teria Egypt J..iuyan Arab Ja,...hi~iya Morocco Sudan 1"\lniaia 1/F.ST AFRICA Benin Cape Verde Gar.Wia Chana Guinea Ouinea-Biaaau Ivory cout Liberia lll>li twturitania Ni<Jer lli<Je~ia Sene<J&l Sierra Leom Toqo Upper Volta CENTRAL AFRICA Angola 81.1rundi Central African Rapublic Chad Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon R""nda Sao ,.._ and Principe United Republic of ca.eroon Zaire EAST AFRICA Bot.aware Comuroa Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya t.eaotho Hadagascar l181awi hauritiua Mozambique Seychellea Sol:alia Bwa&iland U<J&nda United Rapublic of Tanzania Zounbia Zimba- DI:VIU.OPIIIG AFRICA Atrican •-n of OPEC Kon-.eebera of OPEC Least developed eount.riee ~~ ECA aecret.ariat. 