text:
North American Union
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map showing the theoretical union located in the world map.
The North American Union (NAU) is a theoretical economic and political continental union of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America. The concept is loosely based on the European Union, occasionally including a common currency called the Amero or the North American Dollar. A union of the North American continent, sometimes extending to Central and South America, has been the subject of academic concepts for over a century, as well as becoming a common trope in science fiction. One reason for the difficulty in realizing the concept is that individual developments in each region have failed to prioritize a larger union.
Some form of union has been discussed or proposed in academic, business, and political circles for decades.[1][2][3][4] However, government officials from all three nations say there are no plans to create a North American Union and that no agreement to do so has been signed.[5][6][7] The formation of a North American Union has been the subject of various conspiracy theories.[8][9][10][11]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Claims of implementation
3 Features
3.1 Amero
3.2 NAFTA superhighway
4 Official statements
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Main article: North American integration
Since at least the mid-19th century, numerous concepts for a union among Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, some including the Caribbean, the Central American and the South American countries, have been proposed, such as the North American Technate. Following the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Maastricht Treaty going into effect there was speculation about the formation of a North American Union, similar to the European Union created by Maastricht, being a possible future step for the region.[12][13][14] Several proposals for continental integration of North America advocated the creation of a union styled after the European Union, though many academic and business groups advocated less dramatic changes involving the formation of a customs union or common market.[15][16]
While serving as a policy adviser to the presidential campaign of Vicente Fox during the 2000 general election in Mexico, Jorge Castañeda, influenced by academic Robert Pastor's ideas on deepening integration of NAFTA, encouraged Fox to include policies on integration as part of his campaign.[17] Before and after the election Fox made appearances on several U.S. news programs advocating greater integration including a plan to open up the U.S.-Mexico border within ten years.[18][19] Some in the United States saw this proposal for open borders as a call for or inevitable step towards a "North American Union" and received it with a mixture of praise and criticism, with critics like Pat Buchanan suggesting it would mean an end to U.S. sovereignty.[20][21][22]
During an interview for Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy in 2001, after he was elected president, Fox said that he sought with the United States a "convergence of our two economies, convergence on the basic and fundamental variables of the economy, convergence on rates of interest, convergence on income of people, convergence on salaries." He suggested this might take as long as 20 years to be realized, but the ultimate "convergence" he saw between the United States and Mexico would allow them to "erase that border, open up that border for [the] free flow of products, merchandises, [and] capital as well as people". Fox cited the success he claimed countries Republic of Ireland and Spain had in modernizing their economies and raising the standard of living for their citizens by joining what is now the European Union.[18] Vicente Fox also proposed a plan to U.S. President George W. Bush and Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien that he said would move the North American continent towards an economic union based on the example of the European Union. Fox's proposal was rejected by President Bush, with Fox later alleging in his book Revolution of Hope that the White House wanted him to "stop raising hackles" by talking about a North American Union.[23]
Later, amid a push for greater integration and concerns about the impact of heightened security on trade relations following the September 11 attacks in 2001, an effort was organized in 2003 by the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, U.S. Council on Foreign Relations, and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations called the Independent Task Force on North America.[24] Several weeks before a meeting of North American leaders on March 23, 2005 the Task Force issued a press release and a statement from the Task Force's chairmen calling for deeper integration of NAFTA to form a North American Economic and Security Community by 2010.[25]
A January 2005 diplomatic cable that was released by Wikileaks in 2011 includes discussion by U.S. government officials about the best approach to North American integration based on an assessment of Canadian views. The cable suggested a new "North American Initiative" that would address goals in the areas of "security" and "prosperity" through incremental measures, saying such a proposal would get the most support from Canadian policymakers. It notes many Canadian economists supported "ambitious" goals like a single market, with some supporting a monetary union, but that they believed the incremental approach was more appropriate at the time. Canada's central bank governor is quoted in the cable as having said that a monetary union is "an issue that should be considered once we have made more progress towards establishing a single market."[4] The National Post's Robert Hiltz described the cable in June 2011 as discussing "the obstacles surrounding the merger of the economies of Canada, the United States and Mexico in a fashion similar to the European Union."[3]
Two months later at the March meeting of North American leaders the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) was formed. It was described by the leaders of Canada, Mexico and the United States as a dialogue to provide greater cooperation on security and economic issues.[26] In response to later concerns, a section was put up on the initiative's site clarifying the SPP was not a legal agreement, that the initiative "does not seek to rewrite or renegotiate NAFTA", and that the partnership itself "creates no NAFTA-plus legal status."[27] A number of academics and government officials at the time viewed the SPP as moving North America towards greater integration.[28]
In May 2005, the Task Force published a report praising the SPP initiative and pushing for greater economic integration by 2010.[7] They repeated their call for the "establishment by 2010 of a North American economic and security community, the boundaries of which would be defined by a common external tariff and an outer security perimeter."[29] In the report the Task Force said that a North American Community, which would be similar to the European Community which preceded the EU, should not rely on "grand schemes of confederation or union" and did not suggest a supranational government or a common currency. The Task Force’s recommendations included developing a North American common market and security perimeter, among other common goals.
The SPP initiative was officially ended on August 2009 though the North American Leaders' Summit and most of the working groups set up under the initiative remain active. Several advocates of integration saw the SPP as being insufficient. One criticism was that the governments lacked a "vision of what North America might become" and as such did not provide the proper context that would allow the initiative to deal with barriers to deeper integration.[30]
Claims of implementation[edit]
In 2005, claims emerged from critics of North American integration that a "North American Union" was not only being planned, but was being implemented by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. These critics cited the formation of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America and claimed it was an attempt to dramatically alter the economic and political status quo between the countries outside of the scrutiny of the respective national legislatures, a critique heightened by the subsequent publication of the Independent Task Force on North America report which praised the SPP initiative and called for greater economic integration by 2010.[7]
While a broad spectrum of observers criticize the secrecy of the SPP and its dominance by business groups,[31] the specific claim that its true aim was to expand NAFTA into a North American Union analogous to the European Union (EU), with open borders and a common currency among other features, was being made by the fall of 2006, when conservative commentators Phyllis Schlafly, Jerome Corsi and Howard Phillips started a website dedicated to quashing what they perceived as the coming North American "Socialist mega-state".[11]
The belief that a North American Union was being planned and implemented in secret became widespread, so much so that the NAU was a topic of debate during the 2008 American presidential campaigns and the subject of various U.S. Congressional resolutions[32][33] designed to thwart its implementation. Prominent critics such as Lou Dobbs, then an employee of CNN [34] and Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul[35] denounced the concept, joined by left-wing nationalist groups in Canada,[36] Internet blogs, and widely viewed videos and films such as "Zeitgeist". Corsi’s 2007 book The Late Great USA: The Coming Merger with Mexico and Canada also helped bring the NAU discussion into the mainstream. These beliefs are the latest example of a long line of erroneous conspiracy theories which suggest that the United States’ sovereignty is being eroded by a cabal of foreign and domestic players.[7][11]
Phyllis Schlafly claimed the actual goals of the SPP were confirmed by the Task Force,[37][38] and by the Task Force’s co-chair American University professor Robert Pastor.[39] Critics often cite Pastor as being the “father”[40] of the NAU[11][41] and his 2001 book "Towards a North American Community: Lessons from the Old World for the New" has been called a blueprint[42] for the plan, and includes a suggestion to adopt a common North American currency called the amero.[11][43][44][45]
Various positive comments about a North American Union concept and an eventual common currency for the Americas by Vicente Fox, in particular some made during a promotional tour for a book in 2007, have been cited by critics as evidence that the body is in fact being enacted or planned.[46]
Features[edit]
States, Provinces, Territories, and Districts within North America.
Concepts of a North American Union share a number of common elements between them. NASCO and the SPP have both denied that there are any plans to establish a common currency, a "NAFTA Superhighway", or a North American Union in "Myths vs Facts" pages on their websites.[27][47]
Amero[edit]
Main article: North American monetary union
The "amero" is the appellation given to what would be the North American Union's counterpart to the euro. It was first proposed in 1999 by Canadian economist Herbert G. Grubel.[11] A senior fellow of the Fraser Institute think-tank, he published a book entitled The Case for the Amero[43][44] in September 1999, the year that the euro became a virtual currency. Robert Pastor, vice-chairman of the Independent Task Force on North America, supported Grubel's conclusions in his 2001 book Toward a North American Community, stating that: "In the long term, the amero is in the best interests of all three countries."[48] Another Canadian think-tank, the conservative C.D. Howe Institute, advocates the creation of a shared currency between Canada and the United States.[49] Although then-Mexican President Vicente Fox had expressed support for the idea, when Grubel brought up the idea to American officials, they said they were not interested, citing lack of benefits for the U.S.[11]
Cross border trade costs are likened to that of a tariff roughly equivalent to 170%. Forty-four percent of that "tariff" is attributed to "border related trade barriers" which breaks down as follows, "a 8% policy barrier, a 7% language barrier, a 14% currency barrier (from the use of different currencies), a 6% information cost barrier, and a 3% security barrier."[50] On August 31, 2007, Internet broadcaster and conspiracy theorists Hal Turner and Ace Sabau claimed to have arranged for a United States government minted Amero coin to be smuggled out of the U.S. Treasury Department by an employee of that organization. Snopes has assessed both Turner's story and the existence of the amero as false.[51]
NAFTA superhighway[edit]
Main article: NAFTA superhighway
Interstate 29 and Interstate 35.
The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by Texas Governor Rick Perry in 2002. It consists of a 1,200 foot (366 m) wide highway that also carries utilities such as electricity, petroleum, and water, as well as railway track and fiber-optic cables.[10] In July 2007, U.S. Representative and candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election Duncan Hunter successfully offered an amendment to H.R. 3074, the Department of Transportation Appropriations Act, 2008, prohibiting the use of federal funds for U.S. Department of Transportation participation in the activities of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP). Hunter stated that:
Unfortunately, very little is known about the NAFTA Super Highway. This amendment will provide Congress the opportunity to exercise oversight of the highway, which remains a subject of question and uncertainty, and ensure that our safety and security will not be compromised in order to promote the business interests of our neighbors[52]
The Ministry of Transportation for the province of Alberta displays a diagram on their website that labels I-29 and I-35 as "NAFTA superhighway".[53]
In 2011, the Texas Legislature repealed its authorization for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor.[54][55]
Official statements[edit]
In 2001, President of Mexico Vicente Fox said in an interview for Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy that in the long term he sought with the United States a "convergence of our two economies, convergence on the basic and fundamental variables of the economy, convergence on rates of interest, convergence on income of people, convergence on salaries." He suggested this might take as long as 20 years to be realized, but the ultimate "convergence" he saw between the United States and Mexico would allow them to "erase that border, open up that border for [the] free flow of products, merchandises, [and] capital as well as people".[18] After leaving office, he continued to support the concept, while expressing his disappointment with the changed American political situation which made it seem more difficult to come to fruition.[56] In an online discussion of his book Revolution of Hope: The Life, Faith, and Dreams of A Mexican President Fox cited the process of European integration and asked a question, "Why can't we be not only partners in the long term, but a North American Union?"[57]
In September 2006, U.S. Representative Virgil Goode proposed with six co-sponsors non-binding House Concurrent Resolution 487, which specifically outlined opposition to a North American Union or a NAFTA Superhighway as a threat to U.S. sovereignty. The bill never left committee.[58] The same resolution was reintroduced by Goode in January 2007 for the 110th Congress as House Concurrent Resolution 40, this time with forty-three cosponsors,[59] including 2008 Republican presidential candidates Duncan Hunter, Ron Paul and Tom Tancredo, who have all expressed opposition to a North American Union during their campaigns.[60][61][62]
U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez stated in 2007: "There is no secret plan to create a North American union, or a common currency, or to intrude on the sovereignty of any of the partner nations".[63][64]
Regarding the NAFTA superhighway, officials from the Federal Highway Administration have denied such a scheme.[8] Also, the NASCO denies a new proposal for a "NAFTA superhighway" saying, "it exists today as I-35."[47]
In an August 2007 press conference in Montebello, Quebec, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated that he didn't believe that the NAU was a "generally expressed concern", while U.S. President George W. Bush called concerns of a North American Union "political scare tactics" and described as "comical" the "difference between reality and what some people are talking on TV about."[65]
See also[edit]
Canada–United States relations
Mexico–United States relations
Canada–Mexico relations
Independent Task Force on North America
North American Leaders' Summit
North American Competitiveness Council
North American currency union (Amero)
North American Forum on Integration
North American SuperCorridor Coalition
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Building a North American Community - Council on Foreign Relations (PDF)
Jump up ^ Pastor, Robert A.; Hills, Carla A.; Jones, James R.; Manley, John P.; Niles, Thomas M.T.; Cunningham, Nelson W.; Weld, William F.; Yzaguirre, Raul H. (May 2005). Building a North American Community (Task Force Report #53). Council on Foreign Relations Press. ISBN 0-87609-348-9. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
^ Jump up to: a b Hiltz, Robert (2 June 2011). "Leaked U.S. cable lays out North American 'integration' strategy". National Post. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "cable 05OTTAWA268, PLACING A NEW NORTH AMERICAN INITIATIVE". Wikileaks. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Braun, Stephen (2007-11-30). "Paul believes in threat of North American superhighway". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived April 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dine, Philip (2007-05-19). "Urban legend of "North American Union" feeds on fears". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Braun, Steven (2007-11-30). "Paul believes in threat of North American superhighway". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Diverted by jelly-beans". The Economist. 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Kovach, Gretel (2007-12-10). "Highway to Hell?". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bennett, Drake (2007-11-25). "The amero conspiracy". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
Jump up ^ Bradshaw,, York W.; Michael Wallace (1996). Global inequalities. Pine Forge Press. ISBN 0-8039-9060-X.
Jump up ^ Kibel, Paul Stanton (1999). The earth on trial: environmental law on the international stage. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-91995-9.
Jump up ^ Fetzer, Joel S. (2000). Public attitudes toward immigration in the United States, France, and Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78679-7.
Jump up ^ "A New Giant Sucking Sound". AlterNet. 2001-12-18. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Perspectives on the United States and Mexico: A Journalists' Forum". University of California, Berkeley. 2003-09-26. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Clarkson, Stephen (2008). Does North America exist?: governing the continent after NAFTA and 9/11. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-9653-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Commanding Heights: Vicente Fox". PBS. 2001-04-04. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Open U.S.-Mexican Border". The Brookings Institution. 2000-07-28. Archived from the original on 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
Jump up ^ "Open Nafta Borders? Why Not?". The Wall Street Journal. 2001-07-02. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "July Fourth in Post-America". The National Review. 2001-07-03. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Death of the West". MSNBC. 2003-10-30. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
Jump up ^ Fox, Vicente (2007). Revolution of hope: the life, faith, and dreams of a Mexican president. Viking. p. 101. ISBN 0-670-01839-2.
Jump up ^ "The Task Of Today's CCCE: Moving Multilateral Trade Forward". The Metropolitan Corporate Counsel. 2009-10-04. Retrieved 2009-12-01.
Jump up ^ "Trinational Call for a North American Economic and Security Community by 2010" (Press release). Council on Foreign Relations. 2005-03-14. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-12-01.
Jump up ^ Joint Statement by President Bush, President Fox, and Prime Minister Martin at www.whitehouse.gov
^ Jump up to: a b "SPP Myths vs Facts". Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. Archived from the original on 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
Jump up ^ "The Current Debate Regarding the SPP: Security and the Integration of North America" (PDF). Center for North American Studies. 2009-12-24. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
Jump up ^ "83799$CH2A" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "SPP and the Way Forward for North American Integration" (PDF). Lubin School of Business. March 2006. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
Jump up ^ Pam Woolridge. "Behind Closed Doors: What they're not telling us about the Security and Prosperity Partnership". Canadians.org. Archived from the original on 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Congress.gov - Library of Congress". thomas.loc.gov.
Jump up ^ "Congress.gov - Library of Congress". thomas.loc.gov.
Jump up ^ "North American Union?". CNN. 2006-06-21. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
Jump up ^ A North American United Nations? at www.house.gov
Jump up ^ Call for a Referendum on the SPP at www.canadianactionparty.ca
Jump up ^ "The Plan to Integrate the U.S., Mexico and Canada - July 2005 Phyllis Schlafly Report". Eagleforum.org. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "North American Union: Conspiracy or Coverup?". Eagleforum.org. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Michael Medved Loses His Cool Over North America Union". Human Events. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Meet Robert Pastor: Father of the North American Union". Human Events. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "North American Union leader says merger just crisis away". Worldnetdaily.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ "Trans America - Are an international super highway and a North American Union on the horizon?A proposed multi-modal transportation system could leave Oklahoma stuck in the middle - Cover Story - Urban Tulsa Weekly". Urbantulsa.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Herbert G. Grubel (1999). "The Case for the Amero: The Economics and Politics of a North American Monetary Union" (PDF). The Fraser Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Herbert G. Grubel (1999). "The Case for the Amero: The Economics and Politics of a North American Monetary Union". The Fraser Institute. Archived from the original on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
Jump up ^ Pastor, Robert. "North America's Second Decade". Foreign Affairs. January/February 2004. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Ex-Mexican prez: 'Amero' on the way". Worldnetdaily.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "NASCO Congressional - Myths vs Facts December 2007" (PDF). North American SuperCorridor Coalition. Retrieved 2007-12-06. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Pastor, Robert (2001). Toward a North American Community: Lessons from the Old World for the New. Washington, D.C.: Peterson Institute. p. 115. ISBN 0-88132-328-4.
Jump up ^ "Canada Should Pursue North American Currency Union" (PDF). C. D. Howe Institute. June 22, 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
Jump up ^ Anderson, James E.; Van Wincoop, Eric (September 2004). "Trade Costs" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature. Nashville: American Economic Association. 42 (3): 691–751. doi:10.1257/0022051042177649. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
Jump up ^ "Amero Uproar". Snopes.com. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
Jump up ^ Congressman Duncan Hunter - Proudly Serving the 52nd District of California : Press Release/Statement Archived May 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Government of Alberta: NAFTA Trade Corridors & State Truck Standards Accessed 2008-07-16
Jump up ^ "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201". Texas Legislature. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201" (PDF). Texas Legislature. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Daily Show with Trevor Noah". Comedy Central.
Jump up ^ "Book World: Vicente Fox's 'Revolution of Hope'". Washington Post. 2007-11-06. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ "H. Con. Res. 487". Legislation of the 109th United States Congress. GovTrack.us. 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2007-12-27. Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada.
Jump up ^ "H. Con. Res. 40". Legislation of the 110th United States Congress. GovTrack.us. 2007-12-09. Retrieved 2007-12-27. Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada.
Jump up ^ The Official Site of Duncan Hunter for US President in 2008 | Core Principles Archived February 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Ron Paul 2008 " Issues " American Independence and Sovereignty". Ronpaul2008.com. 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071218131513/http://teamtancredo.org/stands/. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved April 24, 2008. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ McKenna, Barrie (2007-06-11). "Security and prosperity?". Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
Jump up ^ Remarks to U.S. and Canadian Chambers of Commerce. United States Department of Commerce. 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
Jump up ^ President Bush Participates in Joint Press Availability with Prime Minister Harper of Canada, and President Calderón of Mexico. White House.gov. 2007-08-21. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
External links[edit]
American University's Center for North American Studies (CNAS) educates and promotes policy debates between governments on the North American Region.
Arizona State University's North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) is a center for scholars regarding the trilateral issues in North America.
H. Con. Res. 40: Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada.
United North America is a non-profit organization that advocates the admittance of Canadian provinces into the United States as new states of the Union, however rejects the idea of Mexico being part of the union.
tvtropes - Expanded States Of The Americas
[show]
v
t
e
Conspiracy theories
List of conspiracy theories
Core topics
Cabals
Civil
Criminal
Deception
Espionage
Fiction
Political
Secrecy
Secret societies
Urban legend
Psychology
Attitude polarization
Cognitive dissonance
Communal reinforcement
Confirmation bias
Locus of control
Mass hysteria
Paranoia
Psychological projection
Deaths and
disappearances
Assassinations and
avoidable accidents
Geoffrey Chaucer (1400)
Princes in the Tower (1483)
Kaspar Hauser (1833)
Abraham Lincoln (1865)
Franz Ferdinand (1914)
Lord Kitchener (1916)
Michael Collins (1922)
Sergey Kirov (1934)
Władysław Sikorski (1943)
Subhas Chandra Bose (1945)
Dag Hammarskjöld (1961)
Patrice Lumumba (1961)
Marilyn Monroe (1962)
John F. Kennedy (1963)
Lee Harvey Oswald (1963)
Dorothy Kilgallen (1965)
Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)
Robert F. Kennedy (1968)
Juscelino Kubitschek (1976)
Pope John Paul I (1978)
Airey Neave (1979)
Francisco de Sá Carneiro and Adelino Amaro da Costa (1980)
Olof Palme (1986)
Zia-ul-Haq (1988)
Vince Foster (1993)
Yitzhak Rabin (1995)
Diana, Princess of Wales (1997)
Nepalese royal family (2001)
False flag
attacks
USS Maine (1898)
RMS Lusitania (1915)
Reichstag fire (1933)
Pearl Harbor (1941)
Operation "Gladio"
USS Liberty (1967)
Widerøe Flight 933 (1982)
KAL Flight 007 (1983)
Mozambican presidential jet (1986)
Pan Am Flight 103 (1988)
Oklahoma City bombing (1995)
9/11 attacks (2001)
Advance knowledge (2001)
WTC collapse (2001)
Madrid train bombing (2004)
London bombings (2005)
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (2014)
Other
RMS Titanic (1912)
Phar Lap (1932)
Adolf Hitler's death (1945)
Yemenite Children (1948–54)
Cairo Fire (1952)
Dyatlov Pass incident (1959)
Lost Cosmonauts (1950s / 1960s)
Elvis Presley's death (1977)
Jonestown (1978)
Satanic ritual abuse (blood libel)
MS Estonia (1994)
Kurt Cobain (1994)
Hello Garci scandal
Osama bin Laden (2011)
Lahad Datu, Malaysia standoff (2013)
Zamboanga City crisis (2013)
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (2014)
New World Order
Topics
Bilderberg Group
Black helicopters
Bohemian Grove
Council on Foreign Relations
Denver International Airport
Eurabia
Illuminati
Judeo-Masonic plot
Jews
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Freemasons
North American Union
Catholics
Jesuits
Vatican
ODESSA
Rothschild family
Skull and Bones
The Fellowship
Trilateral Commission
By region
Conspiracy theories in the Arab world
Israeli animal theories
Temple Mount
Conspiracy theories in Turkey
UFOs
General
Alien abduction
Area 51
Bermuda Triangle
Black Knight satellite
Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis
Extraterrestrial hypothesis
Interdimensional hypothesis
Dulce Base
Estimate of the Situation (1948)
Majestic 12
Men in black
Nazi UFOs
Project Serpo
Reptilians
Incidents
Tunguska (1908)
Ghost rockets (1946)
Maury Island (1947)
Roswell (1947)
Mantell (1948)
Kecksburg (1965)
Rendlesham Forest (1980)
Cash-Landrum (1980)
Varginha (1996)
Phoenix Lights (1997)
Chicago (2006)
United States
government
Apollo Moon landings
Barack Obama's citizenship / religion / parentage
Belgrade Chinese embassy bombing (1999)
Black genocide
CIA-Kennedy assassination link
Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden
Dulles' Plan
FEMA concentration camps
HAARP
Jade Helm 15 (2015)
Montauk Project
October Surprise (1980)
Pizzagate (2016)
Philadelphia Experiment (1943)
Project Azorian (1974)
QAnon (2017)
Sandy Hook shooting (2012)
Seth Rich (2016)
Sovereign citizen / Redemption movement
Vast right-wing conspiracy
Vietnam War POW / MIA issue
TWA Flight 800 (1996)
Health, energy,
environment
Chemtrails
Free energy suppression
Global warming
HIV/AIDS origins
HIV/AIDS denialism
SARS (2003)
Vaccine controversies
Water fluoridation
Other
2012 phenomenon
Agenda 21 (1992)
Cancellation of the Avro Arrow (1959)
Bible conspiracy theory
Clockwork Orange (1970s)
Conspiracy Encyclopedia
"Death" of Paul McCartney (1969)
Homintern
Homosexual recruitment
Knights Templar
Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet (1987)
Love Jihad
Mexican Reconquista
New Coke (1985)
Phantom time / New Chronology
Red mercury
Soft coup
Vela Incident (1979)
War against Islam
See also
Denial of mass killings (list)
Genocide denial
[show]
v
t
e
Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States
North American integration
Enacted Treaties
North American Free Trade Agreement (Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
Agreement on Labor Cooperation)
Official bodies
Active
Commission for Environmental Cooperation
North American Leaders' Summit
North American Transportation Statistics Interchange
Defunct
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (North American Competitiveness Council)
Lobby groups
Pro-integration: Independent Task Force on North America
North American Forum
Anti-integration: The Council of Canadians
Theorized projects
North American monetary union
NAFTA superhighway
North American Union
North American energy independence
Canada–Mexico relations
Canada–United States relations
Mexico–United States relations
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_Union&oldid=838357492"
Categories:
Conspiracy theories in the United States
Continental unions
Foreign relations of Canada
Foreign relations of Mexico
Foreign relations of the United States
Regionalism (international relations)
Pan-Americanism
Proposed countries
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from June 2016
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Català
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Nederlands
日本語
Português
Română
Русский
Svenska
Українська
中文
7 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 14:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/United_States_of_America
mw-redirect
United States of America

values:
/wiki/Central_American
mw-redirect
Central American

values:
/wiki/South_American
mw-redirect
South American

values:
/wiki/Monetary_union
mw-redirect
Monetary union

values:
/wiki/European_Community
mw-redirect
European Community

values:
/wiki/Open_borders
mw-redirect
Open borders

values: United States presidential election, 2008

values:
/wiki/Zeitgeist,_the_Movie
mw-redirect
Zeitgeist, the Movie

values:
/wiki/Conspiracy_theories
mw-redirect
Conspiracy theories

values:
/wiki/Herbert_G._Grubel
mw-redirect
Herbert G. Grubel

values:
/wiki/C.D._Howe_Institute
mw-redirect
C.D. Howe Institute

values:
/wiki/United_States_government
mw-redirect
United States government

values:
/wiki/U.S._Treasury_Department
mw-redirect
U.S. Treasury Department

values:
/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation
mw-redirect
U.S. Department of Transportation

values: United States Republican presidential candidates, 2008

values:
/wiki/North_American_currency_union
mw-redirect
North American currency union

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values:
nofollow
external autonumber
http://www.spp.gov/myths_vs_facts.asp

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.newsweek.com/id/73372

values:
/wiki/The_Brookings_Institution
mw-redirect
The Brookings Institution

values:
/wiki/The_National_Review
mw-redirect
The National Review

values:
nofollow
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3080569/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.cfr.org/publication/7914/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.spp.gov/myths_vs_facts.asp

values:
/wiki/Peterson_Institute
mw-redirect
Peterson Institute

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cdhowe.org/pdf/harris.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gohunter08.com/inner.asp?z=4

values:
nofollow
http://teamtancredo.org/stands/
external text

values:
/wiki/Globe_and_Mail
mw-redirect
Globe and Mail

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://nacts.asu.edu/
external text

values:
/wiki/Attitude_polarization
mw-redirect
Attitude polarization

values: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

values: John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories

values: Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories

values: Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

values: Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories

values: Death of Diana, Princess of Wales conspiracy theories

values: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory

values: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories

values: Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories

values: September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories

values: World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories

values: Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings

values: Rumours and conspiracy theories about the July 2005 London bombings

values: Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death

values:
/wiki/Cairo_Fire#Conspiracy_theories
mw-redirect
Cairo Fire

values: Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories

values: Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 unofficial disappearance theories

values:
/wiki/Jewish_conspiracy
mw-redirect
Jewish conspiracy

values: Israel-related animal conspiracy theories

values: Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory

values:
/wiki/Cryptoterrestrial_hypothesis
mw-redirect
Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis

values:
/wiki/Project_Serpo
mw-redirect
Project Serpo

values: 2006 O'Hare International Airport UFO sighting

values: Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories

values: Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories

values: United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade

values:
/wiki/Black_genocide_conspiracy_theory
mw-redirect
Black genocide conspiracy theory

values: CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory

values: Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden

values: High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program

values: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories

values: Free energy suppression conspiracy theory

values:
/wiki/Knights_Templar_legends
mw-redirect
Knights Templar legends

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template:Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States

values: Template talk:Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States

values: North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation

values: North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation

values: Commission for Environmental Cooperation

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Conspiracy theories in the United States

values: Category:Foreign relations of the United States

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/North_American_Union
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: اتحاد أمريكي شمالي – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Северо-Американский союз – Russian

values: Північноамериканський Союз – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-North_American_Union rootpage-North_American_Union skin-vector action-view


text:
Valinor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Valinor
Tolkien's legendarium location
Created by
J. R. R. Tolkien
Genre
Novel
Type
Land
Notable locations
Tirion
Notable characters
Valar, Elves
First appearance
The Lord of the Rings
Valinor (Land of the Valar) is a fictional location in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the realm of the Valar in Aman. It was also known as the Undying Lands, along with Tol Eressëa and the outliers of Aman. This latter name is somewhat misleading; the land itself, while blessed, did not cause mortals to live forever.[1] However, only immortal beings were generally allowed to reside there. Exceptionally, the surviving bearers of the One Ring were allowed to dwell there for a time--Bilbo and Frodo Baggins and Sam Gamgee--and perhaps[dubious – discuss] Gimli son of Glóin who, it is said, accompanied his friend Legolas to Valinor.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography and residents
2 History
3 Other fantasy uses of the word
4 See also
5 References
6 Works cited
7 External links
Geography and residents[edit]
See also: Aman (Middle-earth)
In Tolkien's works Valinor is the home of the Valar (singular Vala), spirits that often take humanoid form, sometimes called "gods" by the Men of Middle-earth. Other residents of Valinor include the related but less powerful spirits, the Maiar, and most of the Eldar. Valinor lies in Aman, a continent west of Middle-earth. Ekkaia, the encircling sea surrounds both Aman and Middle-earth.
Valinor is located in the middle of Aman, in the tropical and subtropical latitudes. The land has a warm climate generally, though snow falls on the peaks of the Pelóri, the mountains that border Valinor. Every animal and plant found elsewhere in Middle-earth exists in Valinor along with species endemic to Valinor.
While Valinor proper is the part of Aman inside the Pelóri, the "shore of Valinor" where the Elves live is considered a part of Valinor as well.
Each Vala has its own region of the land where it resides and alters things as it pleases. The Mansions of Manwë and Varda, two of the most powerful spirits, stood upon Taniquetil, the highest mountain of the Pelóri. Yavanna, the Vala of Earth, Growth, and Harvest, resided in the Pastures of Yavanna in the south of the land, west of the Pelóri. Near-by were the mansions of Yavanna's spouse, Aulë the Smith, who made the Dwarves. Oromë, the Vala of the Hunt, lived in the Woods of Oromë to the north-east of the pastures. Nienna, the lonely Vala of Sorrow and Endurance, lived in the far west of the island where she spent her days crying about all the evil of the world, looking out to sea. Just south of Nienna's home, and to the north of the pastures, were the Halls of Mandos. Mandos was the Vala of the After-life. Also living in the Halls of Mandos was his spouse Vairë the weaver, who weaves the threads of time. To the east of the Halls of Mandos is the Isle of Estë, which is situated in the middle of the lake of Lórellin, which in turn lies to the north of the Gardens of Lórien (not to be confused with Lothlórien in Middle-earth). Estë and Lórien were married.
In east-central Valinor at the Girdle of Arda (the Equator of Tolkien's world) is Valmar, the capital of Valinor (also called Valimar or the City of Bells), the residence of the Valar and the Maiar in the realm of Valinor. The first house of the Elves, the Vanyar, settled there as well. The mound of Ezellohar, on which stood the Two Trees, and Máhanaxar, the Ring of Doom, are outside Valmar. Farther east is the Calacirya, the only easy pass through the Pelóri, a huge mountain range fencing Valinor on three sides, created to keep Morgoth's forces out. In the pass is the city Tirion, built on a hill, the city of the Noldor Elves. By the shore of the sea, north-east of Tirion, is the Telerin Elves' port Alqualondë.
Directly east of the shore of Valinor is the isle of Tol Eressëa, where the Elves later built the city of Avallónë and where the Teleri lived for centuries before moving to Valinor itself.
In the northern inner foothills of the Pelóri, hundreds of miles north of Valmar was Fëanor's city of Formenos, built upon his banishment from Tirion.
In the extreme north-east, beyond the Pelóri, was the Helcaraxë, a vast ice sheet that joined the two continents of Aman and Middle-earth before the War of Wrath. A long chain of islands called the Enchanted Isles were raised along the east coast Aman, to prevent anyone from reaching Aman by sea, without the blessing of the Valar.
After the destruction of Númenor, the Undying Lands were removed from Arda so that Men could not reach them. The Elves could go there only by the Straight Road and in ships capable of passing out of the spheres of the earth.
The size of Valinor is not specified in the text, and Tolkien created no detailed maps of Aman. The maps of Karen Wynn Fonstad, based on Tolkien's rough sketch of Arda's landmasses and seas, show Valinor about 800 miles wide, west to east (from the Great Sea to the Outer Sea), and about 3000 miles long north to south - similar in size to the United States. The entire continent of Aman runs from the Arctic latitudes of the Helcaraxë to the subarctic southern region of Middle-earth - about 7000 miles.
History[edit]
Valinor was established on the western continent Aman when Melkor (a Vala later named Morgoth, "the black foe", by the Elves) destroyed the Valar's original home on the island Almaren. To defend their new home from attack, they raised the Pelóri Mountains. They also established Valimar, the radiant Two Trees, and their abiding places. Valinor was said to have surpassed Almaren in beauty.
Later, the Valar heard of the awakening of the Elves in Middle-earth, where Melkor was unopposed. They proposed to bring the Elves to the safety of Valinor. However, to get Elves to Valinor, they needed to get Melkor out of the way. A war was fought, and Melkor's stronghold Utumno was destroyed. Then, many Elves came to Valinor, and established their cities Tirion and Alqualonde, beginning Valinor's age of glory.
There was a problem, however. Melkor had come back to Valinor as a prisoner, and after three Ages was brought before the Valar and he sued for pardon, with a vow to assist the Valar and make amends for the hurts he had done. Manwë then granted him pardon, but confined him within Valmar to remain under watch. After his release, Melkor started planting seeds of dissent in the minds of the Elves (particularly, the Noldor - the Vanyar would not hear him and Melkor considered the Teleri weak) in Valinor, saying that the Valar had brought them here so that they would control them and claim their lands in Middle-earth as their own and that they were prisoners of the Valar. He also created dissent between Fëanor and his brothers Fingolfin and Finarfin.
Belatedly, the Valar learned what Melkor had done. Knowing that he was discovered, Melkor went to the home of the Noldorin elves' High King Finwë and stole the Noldorin elves' prized jewels, the Silmarils, killing the king in the process. Melkor destroyed the Two Trees of Valinor with the help of Ungoliant, bringing an endless night to Valinor, then fled back to Middle-earth, to his other stronghold, Angband.
The Two Trees, from which all light both in Valinor and in Middle-earth came, were dead. The last flowers of the Trees were given to two Maiar, each in their own ship, to sail around the world at different times of the day so that neither Valinor nor Middle-earth would be in darkness. One was called the Sun, and it shone a bright yellow. The other was called the Moon and it shone with a pale white light.
As a result of the killing of king Finwë, the majority of the Noldor, led by Fëanor son of Finwë, the maker of the Silmarils, declared their rebellion and decided to pursue Melkor, afterwards known as Morgoth, to Middle-earth to win back their jewels and avenge their king. The Noldor would not listen to Manwë, the lord of the Valar, telling them that they had themselves come to Valinor of their own free will and that the Valar had no desire to rule or control any of them. But Manwë's messenger said also that if they choose to leave and to fight Melkor on their own, the Valar would not help them and that they would suffer great pain and grief on their journey.
Valinor took no part in the struggle between the Noldor and Morgoth, but when the Noldor were in total defeat, the mariner Eärendil convinced the Valar to make a last attack on Morgoth. A mighty host of Maiar, Vanyar and the remaining Noldor in Valinor destroyed Morgoth's gigantic army, destroyed Angband and cast Morgoth into the void.
During the Second Age, Valinor performed a single action: the building of the island Andor as a reward to the Edain (who had fought with the Noldor), where they established Númenor. Soon, the kingdom of Númenor grew powerful, and even invaded Valinor. Then Eru Ilúvatar was called upon by the Valar and the island was destroyed, Aman was lifted out of Arda, and the world was bereft of Valar. Arda then became spherical and was left for Men to govern.
During the Third Age, recognizing that an outright confrontation with dark Maia Sauron would be disastrous, the Valar sent the Istari to Middle-earth with the intent of giving counsel to Men in their resistance to the growing power of the Dark Lord.
Other fantasy uses of the word[edit]
In the Arcanis Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting the word "Valinor" also refers to celestial servants of the Gods. Their names often are in the style of the god, such as the Mercy of Neroth or the Judgement of Nier.
In the 2003 pinball game (by Stern Pinball), Valinor is the game's final "Wizard Mode".
The Townes van Zandt song, "The Silver Ships of Andilar", makes mention of a land called Valinor, although it is unclear if it is meant to be the same location, since van Zandt describes it as a lifeless plain. The song could be telling the story of Númenóreans sailing the Encircling Sea to reach Valinor. Aldarion was not only a mariner, but a Númenórean king as well. Van Zandt also describes a "lifeless plain" as only immortal beings are allowed to live in Valinor.
See also[edit]
Middle-earth portal
Valhalla, a similar location in Norse mythology
Álfheimr, another similar location in Norse mythology
References[edit]
Jump up ^ J. R. R. Tolkien, Letters, ed. by Humphrey Carpenter, #156, p. 205.
Jump up ^ J. R. R. Tolkien, The Return of the King, "The Grey Havens", p.1006, and Appendix B, entry for S.R. 1482 and 1541.
Jump up ^ J. R. R. Tolkien, Letters, ed. by Humphrey Carpenter, #249, p. 328–329.
Works cited[edit]
Tolkien, J. R. R. The Return of the King. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-00224-3.
Tolkien, J. R. R. Humphrey Carpenter, ed. Letters. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-05699-8.
Oberhelman, David D. (2006). "Valinor". In Drout, Michael D. C. J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. pp. 692–693. ISBN 0-415-96942-5.
Fonstad, Karen Wynn (1991), The Atlas of Middle-earth, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Lothlórien, ISBN 0-618-12699-6
External links[edit]
Valinor at the Encyclopedia of Arda
[hide]
v
t
e
J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium
Writings
Principal works
The Silmarillion
The Hobbit
The Lord of the Rings
The Fellowship of the Ring
The Two Towers
The Return of the King
Other works
The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
The Road Goes Ever On
Posthumous publications
Unfinished Tales
The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
The History of Middle-earth (12 volumes)
Bilbo's Last Song
The Children of Húrin
The History of The Hobbit
The Tale of Beren and Lúthien
The Fall of Gondolin
Fictional universe
Characters
Peoples
Individual Dwarves
Individual Elves
Individual Hobbits
Hobbit families
Individual Númenóreans
Individual Orcs
Kings of Arnor
House of Isildur
Rangers of the North
Arvedui
Aragorn
Eldarion
Kings of Dale
Kings of Gondor
House of Anárion
Eärnil II
Kings of Rohan
Éomer
Théoden
Rulers of Númenor
Realms
Objects
Rings of Power
One Ring
Three Rings
Palantír
Silmarils
Mithril
Weapons and armour
Sting
Concepts
Cosmology
Ages or timeline
Animals
Plants
Food and drink
Wars and battles
Rivers
Anduin
Roads
Languages
Magic
Hobbit Day
Secondary works and legacy
The Atlas of Middle-earth
The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
A Guide to Middle-earth
The Individuated Hobbit
J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
Journeys of Frodo
The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
Images of Middle-Earth
Related fiction
video games
Things named after Tolkien and his works
Tolkien's Ring
Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valinor&oldid=808499390"
Categories:
Middle-earth realms
Fictional continents
Afterlife in fiction
Hidden categories:
All accuracy disputes
Articles with disputed statements from June 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Български
Català
Čeština
Eesti
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Slovenčina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
中文
17 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 3 November 2017, at 06:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #C0C0C0; color: #000000;

value: tr

attrs: href title

values: text-align:center;background-color: #C0C0C0; color: #000000;

value: td

values:
/wiki/Aman_(Middle-earth)
mw-redirect
Aman (Middle-earth)

values:
/wiki/Undying_Lands
mw-redirect
Undying Lands

values: The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (June 2017)

values:
/wiki/Halls_of_Mandos
mw-redirect
Halls of Mandos

values:
/wiki/Gardens_of_L%C3%B3rien
mw-redirect
Gardens of Lórien

values:
/wiki/L%C3%B3rien_(Vala)
mw-redirect
Lórien (Vala)

values:
/wiki/Enchanted_Isles
mw-redirect
Enchanted Isles

values:
/wiki/Arda_(Middle-earth)
mw-redirect
Arda (Middle-earth)

values:
/wiki/Straight_Road
mw-redirect
Straight Road

values:
/wiki/Ages_of_Middle-earth
mw-redirect
Ages of Middle-earth

values:
/wiki/The_Void_(Middle-earth)
mw-redirect
The Void (Middle-earth)

values: Edit section: Other fantasy uses of the word

values:
/wiki/Townes_van_Zandt
mw-redirect
Townes van Zandt

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia
mw-redirect
J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia

values:
/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_Dwarves
mw-redirect
List of Middle-earth Dwarves

values:
/wiki/List_of_Hobbits
mw-redirect
List of Hobbits

values:
/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_Orcs
mw-redirect
List of Middle-earth Orcs

values:
/wiki/E%C3%A4rnil_II
mw-redirect
Eärnil II

values:
/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_objects
mw-redirect
List of Middle-earth objects

values:
/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_plants
mw-redirect
List of Middle-earth plants

values:
/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_roads
mw-redirect
List of Middle-earth roads

values: Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien

values: The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion

values: List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Articles with disputed statements from June 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Valinor
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Valinor&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: والینور – Persian

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: ולינור – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Валинор – Russian

values:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values: Валинор – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valinor
Valinor – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Valinor rootpage-Valinor skin-vector action-view