text:
Jesus' Name doctrine
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The Jesus' Name doctrine or the Oneness doctrine has been associated with non-trinitarian theology, characterized by a belief that baptism must be performed "in the name of Jesus Christ", rather than the more common Trinitarian formula "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost". However, some argue that one can remain trinitarian and still hold fast to Jesus' name baptism.[1]
The Jesus' Name doctrine can include the "Oneness" of God. Most who ascribe to this doctrine reject the mainstream Trinitarian belief of Three Persons in One God, and holds that Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are three modes of a singular God. Those in Oneness churches believe that "Jesus" is the correct and entire name of God.
Most adherents of the doctrine are often referred to as Jesus-Only, but Oneness Pentecostals prefer the phrase Jesus' Name. Pentecostal historian Bernie L. Wade generally considers the reference "Jesus-Only" as a slur.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Baptism
2 Views
3 Adherents
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Baptism[edit]
Holders of the Jesus' Name doctrine assert that "in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins" is the proper formula for baptism, and most (not all) feel that baptism "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost" is invalid because Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are not names but titles[3]—the latter form of baptism being performed by most Christians. Alternatively, the name of the Son is Jesus, so it is argued the actual name Jesus should be used; Jesus is the name of the Son, and arguably also the name of the Father and Holy Ghost.
Many Jesus' Name believers claim the development of baptism "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost" is a post-Apostolic interpolation and corruption. Some claim that the "Trinitarian" clause in Matthew 28:19 was added to Matthew's text in the 2nd/3rd century.[4] They cite as evidence that no record exists in the New Testament of someone being baptized with the Trinitarian formula. Other adherents of the Jesus' Name doctrine believe the authenticity of Matthew 28:19, but believe that the command is correctly fulfilled by baptizing "in the name of Jesus Christ". Such adherents are generally Oneness Pentecostals who believe that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost are not to be regarded as distinct persons in the Godhead, and that the name "Jesus" is the supreme revelatory name of the one God who is the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.[5]
Views[edit]
The views of mainstream Christianity to Jesus' Name baptism is varied. The Roman Catholic Church states that only Trinitarian baptisms are valid. While it does consider other baptismal formulae to be acceptable, since they were accepted by theologians of the past, the key requirement is that the baptism must have been performed by a church which (or, a person who) believes in the Trinity. St. Thomas, St. Bonaventure, and Albertus Magnus held the view that the Apostles baptized in the name of Jesus only by special dispensation. Pope Nicholas I wrote to the Bulgarians that a person is not to be rebaptized who has already been baptized "in the name of the Holy Trinity or in the name of Christ only".[6]
Martin Luther in his Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church describes disagreements over the wording of the baptism as "pedantry" and argues for acceptance of baptisms in the name of Jesus if carried out with proper intent.[7]
In circa 254, Pope Stephen I[8] in the midst of the baptismal controversies with Cyprian declared that all baptisms in the name of Jesus are valid.
St. Gennadius in his work Lives of Illustrious Men states that in the 3rd century, one Ursinus the monk, during the Cyprian controversies, argued that "those who were baptized in the name of Christ [alone], even if by heretics, did not need to be re-baptized."
St. John Chrysostom argues for a literal interpretation of the Luke's records of baptisms in the name of Jesus, as accounted in Acts.[9]
St. Basil states[10] that, "the naming of Christ is the confession of the whole."
St. Ambrose, mentor to Augustine, argued for the validity of baptisms "in the name of Jesus."[11]
St. Augustine states that "those baptized into other names need to be rebaptized into Christ."[12] Elsewhere, he states knowledge of those who had been baptized into the name of Christ alone [outside the apostolic era].[13] and likewise argues for a literal interpretation of Acts 2:38 "in the name of Jesus".[14]
St. Thomas Aquinas[15] (while arguing for Trinitarian baptism), states that the apostles (Peter, James, John, etc.) baptized in the name of Christ alone by "special dispensation." (Whereas many modern scholars, by contrast, interpret the saying "in the name of Jesus Christ" figuratively instead of literally in an attempt to reconcile the two conflicting passages [Acts 2:38 & Matt 28:19]).
The Baptist Standard Confession of 1660[16] declares baptisms in the name of "Jesus Christ" to be valid.
Adherents[edit]
Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, an Anglican, was the first modern theologian to argue that Matthew 28:19 was a spurious interpolation.
Edmond de Pressense, an evangelical church historian, in his work The Early Years of Christianity Book II, Chap 5, Part I, states that all baptisms during the apostolic era were in the name of Jesus Christ alone.
Robert Young, a Presbyterian, was the first Bible author of the modern era to put Matthew 28:19 in italics in his Bible version titled, Young's Literal Translation (YLT), along with a footnote indicating he believed it to be forged.
All Oneness Pentecostals, which adhere to a non-trinitarian view of the Godhead, baptize using the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of a confessing believer's sins.
The Pentecostal Assemblies of the World's Board of Bishops are unanimous in agreement on baptism in the name of Jesus Christ. Likewise, the United Pentecostal Church International, the world's largest Oneness denomination, is also unanimous in the belief that all baptisms are to be carried in the name of Jesus.[17]
Christ's Forgiveness Ministries, is one of the few Canadian-born churches that believes in the Trinity and mentions recognition of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit while baptizing but concludes the baptism rite in the name of The Lord Jesus Christ[citation needed].
See also[edit]
Nontrinitarianism
Oneness Pentecostalism
Sabellianism
United Pentecostal Church International
Swedenborgianism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://christsforgiveness.com/index/?page_id=15>
Jump up ^ Baptism According to Matthew 28:19, From TLFP (Truth, Liberty and Freedom Press), 1986. 2nd Printing, Page 6.
Jump up ^ Patterson, Eric; Rybarczyk, Edmund (2007). The Future of Pentecostalism in the United States. New York: Lexington Books. pp. 123–124. ISBN 978-0-7391-2102-3.
Jump up ^ Matthew 28:19 text, Baptism in the New Testament, G.R. Beasley-Murray, p 83
Jump up ^ [1] Archived February 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia - see section on "form"". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2014-05-15.
Jump up ^ see section 3.14 Archived June 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Epistle of Cyprian # 72.
Jump up ^ John Chrysostom.Homily on Acts X.44, 46 XXIV. Interestingly, Chrysostom, in Instructions to the Catechumens, makes several references to Acts 2:38, but does not reference Matt 28:19 a single instance. Additionally, in his Homily on Matthew, Ch XXVIII, he repeatedly quotes Matt 28:19 in what F.C. Conybeare called the "shorter Eusebian form", suggesting the potential that Chrysostom and Eusebius of Caesarea referenced a common, earlier source for the Gospel of Matthew.
Jump up ^ Basil. On the Holy Spirit, Ch 12, #28.
Jump up ^ Ambrose.On the Holy Spirit, Book I, Ch 3.
Jump up ^ Augustine.To Petitianus, Ch 44, sect 104.
Jump up ^ Augustine.On Baptism, Against the Donatists, Ch 28.
Jump up ^ Augustine.On Baptism, Against the Donatists, Ch 52.
Jump up ^ Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica, "On Baptism".
Jump up ^ Sam Hughey. "The Baptist Standard Confession of 1660". Reformedreader.org. Retrieved 2014-05-15.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-17. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
External links[edit]
Oneness vs. Trinity links to differing views
Catholic Answers article on Trinitarian Baptism and other baptismal practices.
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List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For UK Convenience store, see List of Convenience stores of the United Kingdom. For UK discount stores, see List of discount stores in the United Kingdom. For UK Clothing & Footwear Retailers, see List of current and defunct clothing and footwear stores in the United Kingdom.
Tesco is the largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom.
This is a list of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom. Grocery sales in the UK are dominated by Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's and Morrisons. These, dubbed the 'big four', had a combined market share of 73.2% of the UK grocery market in the 12 weeks ending 4 January 2015,[1] a decline from 74.1% in 2007.[2] Discounters Aldi and Lidl have seen a combined rise in market share from 4.8% to 8.3% over that time, while upscale grocer Waitrose's share rose from 3.9% to 5.1%
In early 2017, Tesco announced a deal to merge with Booker, the UK's largest wholesale food retailer,[3] while Aldi became the 5th biggest supermarket.[4]
Premier Supermarkets, a subsidiary of Express Dairies, opened the UK's first supermarket in Streatham, South London in 1951, though The Co-operative Food opened Britain's first fully self-service store in March 1948 in Albert Road, Southsea.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of current UK supermarket chains
2 List of defunct UK supermarket chains
3 Waitrose Effect
4 See also
5 References
List of current UK supermarket chains[edit]
Supermarket
Image
Founded
/ came to UK
Owned by
August 2017
Market
share
February 2017
Market
share
2015
Market
share[6]
2007
Market
share[2]
2000
Market
share[7]
Number
of stores
Notes
Aldi 1990 Aldi Süd GmbH 7.0 [8] 6.2 [9] 5.3 2.6 1.5 726 No frills supermarket
Asda 1949 Walmart through subsidiary Corinth Services Ltd 15.3 [10] 15.6 17.1 16.6 14.1 603 Founded from the merger of Associated Dairies and the Asquith family owned Queens Supermarket, originally called ASDA Queens
Booths 1847 Booth Family and staff - - - 28 Found in Lancashire, Cumbria, Yorkshire, and Cheshire.
Budgens 1872 Booker Group[11] 0.4 0.4 0.4 190 Found in England and Wales, with stores up to 10,000 square feet (930 m2)
Co-op,* and Co-op Food or The Co-operative Food 1844 Various consumers' co-operatives 6.3 [12] 6.0 6.0 4.4 5.4 4,022 Identities shared by about 20 retail co-operatives, including:
The Co-operative Group
East of England Co-operative Society
Midcounties Co-operative
Central England Co-operative
Scotmid
See also: The Co-operative Group#List of corporate members
Farmfoods 1955 - 0.7 0.5 - 320 -
Fulton's Foods 1974 UK private company - - - 100 Small supermarket chain based in South Yorkshire with branches across the Midlands and North of England
Heron Foods 1979 UK private company - - - 290 Primarily frozen foods; operates stores throughout the Midlands and the North in 2017 Cooltrader were rebranded as Heron foods, five years after being sold to that company.[13]
Iceland 1970 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.6 2.8 850 First store opened at Oswestry, Shropshire in 1970
Lidl 1994 Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG 5.2 [14] 4.5 [9] 3.7 2.2 1.3 670 No frills supermarket
Marks & Spencer 1884 Publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange 3.8[15] 4.3[16] - 852 Clothing and food retailer
Morrisons 1899 Publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange 10.4 10.9 [17] 10.9 11.2 4.9 569 Fourth biggest supermarket in the UK
Ocado 2002 Publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange 1.4 [18] - - - 0 Online only, product supply partnership with Waitrose; outsourced branded delivery partnership with Morrisons
Sainsbury's 1869 Publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange 15.8 16.5 16.9 16.2 17.9 1,304 Superstores, as well as 'Local' and 'Central' sites
Tesco 1919 Publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange 27.8 28.1 [17] 28.4 31.6 25.0 3,493 (UK) Including Extra, Superstores, Metro, 'Express and Homeplus outlets; UK's largest all-purpose retailer
Waitrose 1904 John Lewis Partnership 5.1 5.3 5.1 3.9 2.7 344 Waitrose has a variety of store styles, including:
Waitrose Stores
Convenience Stores and Little Waitrose
John Lewis Foodhall
Food, Fashion & Home
Food & Home
Welcome Break outlets (motorway services)
List of defunct UK supermarket chains[edit]
These supermarkets are either no longer trading, have been renamed, or have been taken over and rebranded.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Supermarket
Image
Founded
/ came to UK
Fate
Closed
Notes
APT Stores Chain of small supermarkets with the catchphrase The Store with More.[19]
Bejam 1968 Bought by Iceland 1989 Frozen foods
Big W 1998 Discontinued, rebranded as Woolworths. 2004 21 store chain of megastores styled after Walmart in America; 7 of the stores were sold to Asda and Tesco (the stores that had permission to stock groceries) and the remaining 14 stores were rebranded and downsized under the regular Woolworths banner.
Bishops Bought by Budgens[20] 1984 63 stores in south east England
BP Safeway 1962 Dissolved following Safeway takeover by Morrisons Partnership between BP plc and Safeway, listed as Equinox retailing; some stores now Tesco Express
Brian Ford's Discount Store 1975 Bought by Tesco in 2004 2010 Opened by Brian Ford after the sale of the family Ford & Lock business to Gateway in 1974. The business opened in the former Deveres Kensington engineering building in Barnstaple, Devon expanding with an extension in 1981. The business was based on the 'cash & carry' principle. The business was purchased by Tesco in 2004 but continued to be run as Brian Fords until permission was gained to build a Tesco Extra.[21]
Burton Supermarkets Bought by Fine Fare Small Nottinghamshire based supermarket chain purchased by Fine Fare and re-branded
Capital Freezer Centres Now owned by Farmfoods Chain of freezer stores located in England and Scotland; owned by United Biscuits since 1979; a management buyout happened in 1989[22][23]
Carrefour 1970s UK business sold to Gateway/Somerfield, then later to Asda 1990
Cartier's Superfoods c.1970 Bought by Tesco 1979 Small Kent based supermarket chain taken over by Tesco
Cater Brothers 1958 Became part of Prestos 1979 Cater Brothers were a South East-based chain. In 1972 they were bought out by Debenhams after the death of the chairman Leslie Cater in the same plane crash that killed F J Wallis. In 1979 Debenhams sold the chain to Allied Suppliers who re-branded the stores under their Presto brand.
Challenge Supermarket Became part of Frank Dee Supermarket based in Yorkshire that was purchased by Frank Dee in the 1980s and incorporated into the chain.[24]
Cooltrader brought out by Heron Foods 2017 Opened in Wrexham, founded by Iceland founder Malcolm Walker.[25] Cooltrader became part of Iceland after Malcolm Walker's takeover of that business, then sold in 2012 to Heron Foods.[13]
Coopers & Co Bought by Fine Fare 1955 Scotland based supermarket and grocers chain bought by Fine Fare and re-branded as Coopers Fine Fare
Cordon Bleu 1964[26] Owned by Argyll Supplies Chain of freezer shops owned by Argyll Supplies; stores were re-branded under the Lo-cost or Presto name
County Stores Sold to Gateway, converted to Somerfield 1990
Crazy Prices Bought by Tesco ABF owned Northern Ireland group
Dalgety Freezer Centres Bought by James Gullivers Argyll Supplies 38 freezer centre bought by James Gulliver and added to Argyll Supplies Cordon Bleu business.[27]
David Greig Bought by Fitch Lovell Merged into Key Markets
DEE Discount Stores Re-branded as Gateway, later Somerfield now owned by Co-op Chain of supermarkets based in North East of England; parent company Linfood Holdings purchased the smaller Gateway chain and re-branded stores as Gateway and the parent company as Dee Corporation
Downsway Supermarkets Bought by Fine Fare 1978 East Anglian based supermarket group with 80 stores owned by Vestey Group; sold in 1978 and converted to Fine Fare stores
Elmo Bought by Fine Fare Small chain of 28 stores based in East Anglia and the South of England; bought for £1m by Fine Fare; rebranded as Fine Fare
Fairway c.1960s Bought by Frank Dee 1980s Doncaster based chain of supermarkets bought by Frank Dee in 1980s and converted into that chain[28]
Fine Fare
1951 Bought by Gateway 1986 Britain's third supermarket until the 1980s behind Tesco and Sainsburys; bought by Gateway Corp. in 1986 and shops rebranded as Gateway by 1988
Ford & Lock 1960 Sold to Gateway 1974 36 shops across south-west England; owner Brian Ford went on to open a new store in his own name[29]
Freeze Fair 66 freezer store chain owned by Jobs Dairies bought by Argyll Supplies and added to Cordon Bleu chain.[27]
Freezeway Bought by Farmfoods Small chain of freezershops bought by Farmfoods[23]
FreshXpress
2007 Administration in 2008, liquidated in 2009 2009 Smaller stores of former Kwik Save chain; bought out by management team led by Brendan Murtagh
Frank Dee Supermarkets Re-branded as Gateway, later Somerfield now owned by Co-op Chain of supermarkets based in North East of England; parent company Linfood Holdings purchased the smaller Gateway chain and re-branded stores as Gateway and the parent company as Dee Corporation
Galbraith supermarkets 1894 Bought by Allied Suppliers, then Argyll Group Scottish chain
Gateway Foodmarkets
1950 Rebranded as Somerfield 1992
Grandways Some stores sold to Argyll Group for their Presto chain and Kwik Save, remainder renamed Jacksons 1992/3 Regional in Yorkshire
GT Smith Bought by Co-operative Group 2002 Regional in West Yorkshire
Haldanes 2009 (including UGO stores) 2011 Went into administration 2011
Hanburys 1889 Bought by Co-Op 1997 Started in 1889 when Jeremiah Hanbury opened a small store in Market Street, Farnworth, selling butter and bacon. In 1929, the business was bought by Bolton wholesale grocers E.H. Steele Ltd. In 1997 the 31 Hanburys stores, which cover the north-west, including 8 in Bolton, were acquired by United Norwest Co-op and subsequently re-branded.
Hillards 1880 Bought by Tesco 1988 Several locations throughout Midlands, North East
Hintons Bought by Argyll Foods to become part of Presto Mainly in North East England and Yorkshire
Irwin's Stores Bought by Tesco
International 1874 Bought by Dee Corporation 1996 Stores were re-branded gateway or sold off to competitors
Jacksons Bought by J Sainsbury 2008 See also Grandways, above, which was originally part of the same group. Stores originally traded under the Jacksons name, and were slowly converted to the Grandways brand. After the sale to Sainsbury, the Jackson name was revived for a chain of smaller stores in the Wm Jackson until they were sold and were re-branded Sainsbury Local.
Kenton Supermarkets Small chain based in North West of England
Key Markets Bought by Dee Corporation Created by food giant Fitch Lovell. Re-branded as Gateway.
Kibby's Supermarkets Chain of supermarkets bought by Unigate. Stores were sold off to various companies including WM Low and International Stores.
Kwik Save 1959 Brand now owned by Costcutter Company purchased by Somerfield in 1998. Name and 177 stores sold by Somerfield in 2006 but went into administration in 2007.
Laws Stores c.1890s Bought by Wm Low for £7.1 million in 1985 1985 Chain of supermarkets focused on North East England
Lennons Supermarkets 1958 Bought by Dee Corporation Chain of Supermarkets based in North East. Started as small chain of grocers but opened first supermarket in 1956 in Widnes. Bought by the Dee Corporation before being re-branded as Gateway.
Leos Rebranded Co-op Name given to larger co-operative stores during the 1980s
Liptons 1871 Bought by Allied Suppliers Converted to Presto or Lo-Cost stores
Lo-Cost Converted to Safeway
Lowfreeze Bought by Bejam Small chain of freezer shops bought by Bejam[23]
Mac Fisheries Bought by Dee Group 1978 Wet fish shops closed
Mainstop Acquired by Morrisons 1981
Moore Stores Bought by Cavenham and added to Allied Suppliers group 1976 Chain of small supermarkets based in the North East of England which had a turnover of £53m in 1969/70[30] Rebranded either Liptons or Presto.
Netto 1990 Bought by Asda in 2010 for £778M from Dansk Supermarked Group. 147 stores were rebranded in 2011 as Asda local stores. The remaining 47 stores have been sold off to other companies such as Morrisons and new convenience store UGO and other retailers due to competition laws. Netto then returned to UK, with a partnership with Sainsbury's and is initially opening 15 stores in the north of England.[31] In July 2016, Sainsbury's ended the joint venture, scrapping the Netto name in the UK once again. 2011 Was a no frills supermarket. On 30 September 2011, Netto UK ceased trading. In 2014, the supermarket announced they would be returning to the UK with 15 stores.[31]
Normans supermarkets Bought by Plymco
Normid Rebranded Co-op Was owned by United Co-operatives
Norco Rebranded Co-op Aberdeen based co-operative society
Orchard Frozen Foods Bought by Iceland 1986 Chain of freezer centres based in the South East of England
Premier Supermarkets Bought by Mac Fisheries 1965 Subsidiary of Express Dairies, opened UK's first supermarket in Streatham, South London in 1951.[5] Sold after losing out on purchase of Irwin's stores to Tesco
Presto 1977 After buying out Safeway, all stores were converted to Safeway 1998
Price Rite Chain of stores purchased by British American Tobacco and incorporated into International Stores; stores re-branded as International Stores, before being sold off to Fine Fare and Argyll Foods
Quality Fare Bought by the Co-operative Group
Queens Supermarkets 1958 Merged with Associated Dairies and GEN to form ASDA 1965 Small chain of supermarkets started by Asquith family in Pontefract. In 1965 merged with Associated Dairies and purchased the GEN brand, relaunching as ASDA Queens, before becoming ASDA. ASDA is an abbreviation of ASquith and DAiries.
Rainbow Discontinued, rebranded as parent Co-op
Richway Supermarkets Retail chain operating in South of England and the Isle of Wight
Safeway 1962 Bought by Morrisons 2005 Safeway Compact stores sold to Somerfield. Was still trading under Safeway in Channel Islands until becoming Waitrose in 2010.
Sainsbury's Freezer Centres 1974 Bought by Bejam 1986 Sainsburys opened the chain of freezer shops to try and compete with the new style of food store, with the first store opening in Southbourne near Bournemouth. By 1980 there was 21 freezer centres, but these were sold off in 1986 to Bejam.
Sainsbury's Savacentre 1977 Discontinued, Rebranded Sainsbury's 2005 Savacentre was a joint project started by Sainsburys and BHS to compete in Hypermarket scene. Sainsburys added when BHS pulled out of the company.
Saverite 1968 Bought by West Midlands Co-operative Society which later became Mid-counties Co-operative after a merger with Oxford, Swindon and Gloucester Co-operative 2000 Shropshire based grocery business started in 1869. Renamed Saverite in 1968 (from Morris & Co) and expanded into supermarkets. Sold to Mid-Counties Co-operative in 2000.[32]
Schofield & Martin Rebranded Waitrose c.1965 Small chain of grocers based in South Essex purchased by Waitrose in 1944. Had the first self-service supermarket store within the Waitrose group in 1951.
Shoppers Paradise Taken over by Gateway Discount food store chain created by Associated British Food from un-profitable Fine Fare stores. Became part of Gateway as part of Fine Fare purchase.
Shop Rite 1972 Bought by Kwik Save, Still trades as ShopRite in the Isle of Man stocking a range of Waitrose & Iceland products as well as locally produced goods 1994 Discount supermarket chain
Smiths Freezer Centres c.1990s Small chain of freezer stores located in Essex; went into liquidation during the 1990s
Somerfield 1865 Purchase agreed by the Co-operative Group on 16 July 2008 for £1.56bn; from 2009 many larger stores were sold off and smaller stores rebranded to The Co-operative Food[33] 2011
Food Giant Originally part of Somerfield group, all stores converted to Kwik Save following the Somerfield/Kwik Save merger
Solo Trading name of Gateways - rebranded Somerfield Trading name created by Gateways
St Catherine's Freezer Centres Bought by Iceland 1983 Chain of 18 freezer centres located in Bristol and South West area
Stewarts Supermarket Limited Bought by Tesco ABF owned Northern Ireland group
Stitchers Supermarkets Bought by Downsway Small chain of supermarkets purchased by Downsway and re-branded
Supernational Stores 1935 Bought by Gateway
Templeton supermarkets 1880 Bought by Allied Suppliers then Argyll Group Scottish chain, rebranded as Presto
Victor Value Bought by Tesco 1968/1986 Independent chain; larger stores were rebranded as Tesco, remaining sold to Bejam in 1986
Wallis 1955 Bought by Somerfield 2003 Founded by Francis J Wallis of Rainham Essex in 1955. By 1968 there were 38 stores. In 1977 the chain's 100 stores were sold to British American Tobacco and merged with their already owned chain International Stores. The stores were re-branded International. The company officially still existed and was wound up by Somerfield, who had purchased International Stores in 2003.
Wavy Line Small chain of small supermarkets and convenience stores located in the South and South East of England
Walter Willson Bought by Alldays Chain of small supermarkets and convenience stores in the north east of England and Cumbria
Wellworths Bought by Musgrave Group & Safeway 1997 Northern Ireland supermarket chain split into Supervalu and Safeway
Whelan Discount Stores Bought by Morrisons for £1.5 million[34] 1978 Chain of supermarkets based in Lancashire started by JJB Sports owner Dave Whelan
Wm Low Bought by Tesco Presence in Scotland and northern England
Williamson & Treadgold Bournemouth based grocers that opened a supermarket at The Hampshire Centre.[35] The store was eventually purchased by Sainsburys.
Woolco 1966 Discontinued, rebranded as Woolworth and later bought by Gateway in 1986 1982 Hypermarket chain started by Woolworth
Waitrose Effect[edit]
Proximity to a supermarket has been widely reported[36][37][38][39] to be an amenity that can have a significant effect on residential property prices in Britain. Beginning under Andy Hulme[40] and continuing under Mike Songer,[41] the home mortgage unit of Lloyds Bank has published pricing research that examines the premiums commanded by homes in a given neighbourhood against comparables in the same post-code and correlates the difference in price with convenience of access to the various supermarkets. The following table averages information from neighbourhoods across England and Wales, compiled by Lloyds Bank for their 2016 report using supermarket location information from CACI Datalab and house price information from the UK Land Registry.[42]
Supermarket
Nearby property
premium (%)
Nearby property
premium (£)
Waitrose 10% £38,666
Sainsbury's 10% £27,939
Marks & Spencer 9% £27,182
Tesco 9% £22,072
Iceland 8% £20,034
Co-op 8% £17,904
Morrisons 5% £10,558
Asda 2% £5,026
Lidl 2% £3,926
Aldi 1% £1,333
See also[edit]
United Kingdom portal
Companies portal
Business portal
Lists portal
For supermarkets worldwide, see List of supermarkets.
Kantar Worldpanel - UK grocery market share figures
List of Convenience stores of the United Kingdom
List of discount stores in the United Kingdom
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Asda overtaken by Sainsbury's as UK's second largest supermarket but big four continue to slide". CityAM. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "UK: Discounters Benefit From Downturn". KamCity. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Finance (2017-01-27). "Tesco merging with Booker in a £3.7 billion deal - Business Insider". Uk.businessinsider.com. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
Jump up ^ Sam Dean (2017-02-07). "Aldi overtakes Co-op as the UK's fifth largest supermarket". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Helen Gregory (3 November 2001). "It's a super anniversary: it's 50 years since the first full size self-service supermarket was unveiled in the UK". The Grocer. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Aldi overtakes Waitrose to become UK's sixth-biggest supermarket". Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Supermarket market share (UK)". Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lidl tops Waitrose to become UK's seventh biggest grocer - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Gale, Adam. "Aldi and Lidl will keep on growing". Managementtoday.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
Jump up ^ "Lidl tops Waitrose to become UK's seventh biggest grocer - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
Jump up ^ "Musgrave Group Agrees Sale of Budgens and Londis to Booker". Musgrave Group.
Jump up ^ "Lidl tops Waitrose to become UK's seventh biggest grocer - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "Iceland agrees Cooltrader sale to Heron Foods". Retrieved 31 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lidl tops Waitrose to become UK's seventh biggest grocer - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
Jump up ^ "Annual Report 2013: Performance against our plan". Marks & Spencer. 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
Jump up ^ http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/9e6d85996d984de181a50d1303f1c998
^ Jump up to: a b "Aldi overtakes Co-op to become UK's fifth biggest supermarket". News.sky.com. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
Jump up ^ Sarah Butler. "Lidl overtakes Waitrose as UK shoppers turn to discounters | Business". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
Jump up ^ "Vintage shoppoing bags - Little Red Dog". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Competition Commission report, para 3.10 (a)
Jump up ^ "End of an era as Brian Fords closes - North Devon Gazette p.25 Jun 2010". Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Biscuits again drawing support - The Glasgow Herald p.16 Jan 1984". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Capital assets - The Herald p. 23 December 1989". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "u09456 - Picture Sheffield". Retrieved 21 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Malcolm Walker's biography - Iceland.co.uk". Retrieved 31 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Company Check". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Grocers: The Rise and Rise of the Supermarket Chains By Andrew Seth, Geoffrey Randall". Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Supermarket opened at Denaby - South Yorkshire Times April 10, 1965". Retrieved 21 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "End of an era as Brian Fords closes - North Devon Gazette p.25 June 2010". Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Die Nahrungsmitteldistribution in Westeuropa. 2. Dänemark, Grossbritannien By Erich Batzer, Erich Greipl, Richard Geml, Helmut Laumer, Erich Greipl". Retrieved 17 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sainsbury's & Netto stores to help create 300-plus jobs in Scunthorpe". 24 July 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Morris & Co - Heritage". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Co-op buys rival supermarket Somerfield". AFP via Google News. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "FA Cup final: Wigan's Whelan makes poignant Wembley return - BBC Sports Website p.9 May 2015". Retrieved 30 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Castlepoint before it was Castlepoint - Bournemouth Echo p.18 March 2015". Retrieved 19 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Living near Waitrose boosts your house value, claims research". BBC. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Waitrose's latest offer: £40,000 added to your house price". The Guardian. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Furness, Hannah (25 July 2016). "Living near Waitrose could add £38,666 to your house price, survey says". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Butterworth, Myra (24 July 2016). "The Waitrose effect adds £40,000 to homes but Aldi gives just £1,300: How a supermarket nearby can boost value". Daily Mail. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Supermarkets: top of the homebuyer shopping list?". Lloyds Bank. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2016. It's easy to assume the effect of different factors on the value of a property but this research enables us to clearly see that there is a significant association between the convenience of a local supermarket and house prices.
Jump up ^ "Living near a supermarket can bag you a £22,000 bonus on your home". Lloyds Bank. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016. Of course, there are many other drivers of house prices beyond having a supermarket on your doorstep, but our research suggests that it is a strong factor
Jump up ^ "Living near a supermarket can bag you a £22,000 bonus on your home" (PDF). Lloyds Banking Group. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
[show]
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text:
Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Don Bradman has won the award the most times, being named as the notional winner ten times between 1930 and 1948.
The Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World is an annual cricket award selected by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. It was established in 2004, to select the best cricketer based upon their performances anywhere in the world in the previous calendar year.[1] A notional list of previous winners, spanning from 1900 to 2002, was published in the 2007 edition of Wisden.[2]
Since 1889, Wisden has published a list of Cricketers of the Year, typically selecting five cricketers that had the greatest impact during the previous English cricket season. However, in the 2000 edition, the editor Matthew Engel recognised that the best players in the world were typically no longer playing English domestic cricket, and opted to select the Cricketers of the Year based on their performances anywhere in the world.[3] This criterion was applied for the following three years, but in 2004 it reverted to being based on the English season, and a Leading Cricketer in the World was also selected.[1] The recipient of the award is selected by the editor of Wisden, with advice from cricket experts.[4] An Australian, Ricky Ponting was chosen as the first winner of the award, for scoring 1,503 runs in international cricket, including eleven centuries during 2003.[5]
In the 2007 edition of Wisden, a list of winners for previous years was published. A sixteen-person panel helped to select the winners, which Engel described as the cricketer that "would have been the first name down in the World XI to play Mars".[2] It was decided that the first year that would be listed was 1900, as prior to that Engel claimed international cricket was too "inchoate and haphazard to make comparison sensible".[2] No awards were made for the periods of the World Wars, leaving a list of 93 winners. During this selection, Don Bradman was listed the most, winning on ten occasions, while Garfield Sobers was the leading cricketer eight times. Engel noted that despite attempts to the contrary, the award maintains cricket's bias towards batsmen.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of award winners
1.1 Actual winners
1.2 Notional winners
2 Multiple winners
3 Winners by country
4 See also
5 References
List of award winners[edit]
Actual winners[edit]
Kumar Sangakkara was twice recognised by Wisden in 2012, being named a Cricketer of the Year and Leading Cricketer in the World.
Note that each year's Leading Cricketer of the World is announced in the following year's Wisden, so the 2003 winner was announced in 2004, and so on.
Year
Player[6]
Country
2003
Ponting, RickyRicky Ponting
Australia
2004
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia
2005
Flintoff, AndrewAndrew Flintoff
England
2006
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
Sri Lanka
2007
Kallis, JacquesJacques Kallis
South Africa
2008
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
India
2009
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
India
2010
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
India
2011
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
Sri Lanka
2012
Clarke, MichaelMichael Clarke
Australia
2013
Steyn, DaleDale Steyn
South Africa
2014
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
Sri Lanka
2015
Williamson, KaneKane Williamson
New Zealand
2016
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
India
2017
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
India
Notional winners[edit]
Ranjitsinhji was the first historical winner, being recognised for 1900.
Jack Hobbs is one of only five players to have won the award more than twice.
Harold Larwood was the only non-Australian cricketer to be recognised in the 1930s.
Keith Miller reading Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1951, his selection year
Garfield Sobers (pictured here in 2012) was the winner eight times between 1958 and 1970.
Viv Richards was recognised in 1976, 1978 and 1980
Imran Khan was the first Pakistani cricketer to be recognised, for 1982.
Year
Player[6]
Country
1900
Ranjitsinhji, K. S.K. S. Ranjitsinhji
England
1901
Fry, C. B.C. B. Fry
England
1902
Trumper, VictorVictor Trumper
Australia
1903
Fry, C. B.C. B. Fry
England
1904
Bosanquet, BernardBernard Bosanquet
England
1905
Jackson, StanleyStanley Jackson
England
1906
Hirst, GeorgeGeorge Hirst
England
1907
Vogler, BertBert Vogler
South Africa
1908
Noble, MontyMonty Noble
Australia
1909
Rhodes, WilfredWilfred Rhodes
England
1910
Faulkner, AubreyAubrey Faulkner
South Africa
1911
Trumper, VictorVictor Trumper
Australia
1912
Barnes, SydneySydney Barnes
England
1913
Barnes, SydneySydney Barnes
England
1914
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
England
1915–18 z !Not awarded due to World War I
1919
Gregory, JackJack Gregory
Australia
1920
Collins, HerbieHerbie Collins
Australia
1921
Macartney, CharlieCharlie Macartney
Australia
1922
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
England
1923
Hendren, PatsyPatsy Hendren
England
1924
Tate, MauriceMaurice Tate
England
1925
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
England
1926
Macartney, CharlieCharlie Macartney
Australia
1927
Ponsford, BillBill Ponsford
Australia
1928
Freeman, TichTich Freeman
England
1929
Hammond, WallyWally Hammond
England
1930
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1931
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1932
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1933
Larwood, HaroldHarold Larwood
England
1934
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1935
McCabe, StanStan McCabe
Australia
1936
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1937
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1938
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1939
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1940–45 z !Not awarded due to World War II
1946
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1947
Compton, DenisDenis Compton
England
1948
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1949
Hutton, LenLen Hutton
England
1950
Worrell, FrankFrank Worrell
West Indies
1951
Miller, KeithKeith Miller
Australia
1952
Hutton, LenLen Hutton
England
1953
Bedser, AlecAlec Bedser
England
1954
Walcott, ClydeClyde Walcott
West Indies
1955
Tyson, FrankFrank Tyson
England
1956
Laker, JimJim Laker
England
1957
May, PeterPeter May
England
1958
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1959
Benaud, RichieRichie Benaud
Australia
1960
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1961
Davidson, AlanAlan Davidson
Australia
1962
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1963
Trueman, FredFred Trueman
England
1964
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1965
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1966
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1967
Pollock, GraemeGraeme Pollock
South Africa
1968
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1969
Pollock, GraemeGraeme Pollock
South Africa
1970
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1971
Procter, MikeMike Procter
South Africa
1972
Lillee, DennisDennis Lillee
Australia
1973
Richards, BarryBarry Richards
South Africa
1974
Thomson, JeffJeff Thomson
Australia
1975
Lloyd, CliveClive Lloyd
West Indies
1976
Richards, VivViv Richards
West Indies
1977
Lillee, DennisDennis Lillee
Australia
1978
Richards, VivViv Richards
West Indies
1979
Chappell, GregGreg Chappell
Australia
1980
Richards, VivViv Richards
West Indies
1981
Botham, IanIan Botham
England
1982
Khan, ImranImran Khan
Pakistan
1983
Dev, KapilKapil Dev
India
1984
Garner, JoelJoel Garner
West Indies
1985
Hadlee, RichardRichard Hadlee
New Zealand
1986
Marshall, MalcolmMalcolm Marshall
West Indies
1987
Crowe, MartinMartin Crowe
New Zealand
1988
Marshall, MalcolmMalcolm Marshall
West Indies
1989
Border, AllanAllan Border
Australia
1990
Gooch, GrahamGraham Gooch
England
1991
Ambrose, CurtlyCurtly Ambrose
West Indies
1992
Akram, WasimWasim Akram
Pakistan
1993
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia
1994
Lara, BrianBrian Lara
West Indies
1995
Lara, BrianBrian Lara
West Indies
1996
Jayasuriya, SanathSanath Jayasuriya
Sri Lanka
1997
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia
1998
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
India
1999
Waugh, SteveSteve Waugh
Australia
2000
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
Sri Lanka
2001
McGrath, GlennGlenn McGrath
Australia
2002
Hayden, MatthewMatthew Hayden
Australia
Multiple winners[edit]
Shane Warne was listed twice in the historical list, as well as being recognised for 2004.
Unlike Wisden's Cricketers of the Year, players can be recognised more than once as the Leading Cricketer in the World, and eighteen players have been selected for multiple years.[6] The majority of these have won the award twice, but five players have been recognised for three or more years: Don Bradman, Garfield Sobers, Jack Hobbs, Viv Richards and Shane Warne. In the 2007 edition which published the notional historical winners, Engel noted with "surprise and pleasure" that these five players were the same as had been selected as Wisden's five Cricketers of the Century.[2]
Sachin Tendulkar and Warne have both been selected as notional and actual winners, while Virender Sehwag was the first player to be recognised twice by Wisden as an actual winner since 2004.[6] Kumar Sangakkara has since similarly been selected twice, and in 2012 he became the first player to be recognised twice in one edition of Wisden, as both Leading Cricketer in the World and a Cricketer of the Year.[7]
Player
Awards
Years
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
10 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1946, 1948
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
8 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
3 1914, 1922, 1925
Richards, VivViv Richards
3 1976, 1978, 1980
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
3 1993, 1997, 2004
Barnes, SydneySydney Barnes
2 1912, 1913
Fry, C. B.C. B. Fry
2 1901, 1903
Hutton, LenLen Hutton
2 1949, 1952
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
2 2016, 2017
Lara, BrianBrian Lara
2 1994, 1995
Lillee, DennisDennis Lillee
2 1972, 1977
Macartney, CharlieCharlie Macartney
2 1921, 1926
Marshall, MalcolmMalcolm Marshall
2 1986, 1988
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
2 2000, 2006
Pollock, GraemeGraeme Pollock
2 1967, 1969
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
2 2011, 2014
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
2 2008, 2009
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
2 1998, 2010
Trumper, VictorVictor Trumper
2 1902, 1911
Winners by country[edit]
Awards won by nationality (%)
Australia – 35 (32.4%)
England – 28 (25.9%)
West Indies – 20 (18.5%)
South Africa – 8 (7.4%)
India – 7 (6.5%)
Sri Lanka – 5 (4.6%)
New Zealand – 3 (2.8%)
Pakistan – 2 (1.9%)
Cricketers from eight of the ten Test playing nations have been recognised for the award by Wisden, only Bangladesh and Zimbabwe are not represented. Players from Australia and England dominate the list, having won more than half of the time, although this is disproportionately the case in the notional list. Prior to World War II, 34 of the 36 winners played for Australia or England. The "actual" award winners are more evenly distributed; Indian players have won four times, Australian and Sri Lankan players have won three times, South Africans twice, while only one English player has been recognised since 2004.[6]
Awards by country
Club
Awards
Australia
35
England
28
West Indies
20
South Africa
8
India
7
Sri Lanka
5
New Zealand
3
Pakistan
2
See also[edit]
Six Giants of the Wisden Century
Wisden Australia's Cricketer of the Year
Wisden Cricketers of the Century
ICC Awards
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Engel, Matthew, ed. (2004). Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2004 (141 ed.). Alton, Hampshire: John Wisden & Co. Ltd. p. 8. ISBN 0-947766-83-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Engel, Matthew, ed. (2007). Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2007 (144 ed.). Alton, Hampshire: John Wisden & Co. Ltd. pp. 32–41. ISBN 978-1-905625-02-4.
Jump up ^ Engel, Matthew, ed. (2000). Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2000 (137 ed.). Guildford, Surrey: John Wisden & Co. Ltd. p. 61. ISBN 0-947766-57-X.
Jump up ^ "Wisden's Leading Cricketer in the World". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ponting named world's leading cricketer". ABC News. Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 April 2004. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Leading Cricketer in the World". Bloomsbury. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kumar Sangakkara 'Leading Cricketer in the World' for 2011: Wisden". NDTV Sports. New Delhi: NDTV. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
[hide]
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Wisden Leading Woman Cricketer in the World
Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World
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Wisden Cricketers of the Century
Six Giants of the Wisden Century
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Out of This World (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the U.S. television series. For the British television series of the same name, see Out of This World (UK TV series).
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Out of This World
Title screen
Genre
Fantasy sitcom
Created by
John Boni
Bob Booker
Directed by
Bob Claver
Scott Baio
Selig Frank
Stan Harris
Russ Petranto
Jack Regas
Renny Temple
Starring
Maureen Flannigan
Donna Pescow
Doug McClure
Joe Alaskey
Steve Burton
Christina Nigra
Buzz Belmondo
Tom Nolan
Voices of
Burt Reynolds
Opening theme
"Swinging on a Star"
Composer(s)
Kevin Kiner
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
96
Production
Executive producer(s)
Bob Booker
Producer(s)
John Boni
Barbara Booker
Gail Honigberg
Laura Levine
Mike Scully
Bruce Taylor
George Yanok
Running time
22 mins.
Production company(s)
Bob Booker Productions
Distributor
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Release
Original network
Syndication
Original release
September 17, 1987 (1987-09-17) – May 25, 1991 (1991-05-25)
Out of This World is an American fantasy sitcom about a teenage girl who is half alien, which gives her unique superhuman powers. It first aired in syndication from September 17, 1987 and ended on May 25, 1991.
During its first season, the series was originally part of NBC's Prime Time Begins at 7:30 campaign, in which the network's owned-and-operated stations would run first-run sitcoms in the 7:30-8 pm time slot to counter-program competing stations' game shows, sitcom reruns and other offerings. Out of This World was rotated with the original series Marblehead Manor and She's the Sheriff, a syndicated revival of the 1983 sitcom We Got It Made, and a television adaptation of the play You Can't Take It with You. NBC ended the experiment after the 1987-88 season due to the low ratings put up by three of the series, with Out of This World being one of the two that were renewed (the other being She's the Sheriff). After its first season the series was largely moved to weekend time slots, where it remained until its cancellation following the fourth season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Show summary
1.1 Characters
1.1.1 The Cube
1.2 Guest stars
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1
2.2 Season 2
2.3 Season 3
2.4 Season 4
3 Opening credits
4 International airings
5 Critical reception
6 DVD release
7 In other media
8 References
9 External links
Show summary[edit]
The series revolves around Evie Ethel Garland - a young girl who discovers on her thirteenth birthday that her father Troy is an alien from the planet Antares Prime, in the Scorpio Galaxy. Troy who married her mother and "merged lifeforms" to create Evie. Evie's half-alien heritage gives her superhuman abilities. Most of the episodes revolve around Evie misusing her powers and causing some trouble, which she spends the rest of the episode fixing. Only Evie and her family know about the alien side of her family; many episodes depict their efforts to hide her secret from other characters. After four seasons, the series ended on a cliffhanger: Troy came to visit and Donna took his place by accident, ending up on Antares Prime while Troy was stranded on Earth.
Characters[edit]
Evie Ethel Garland (Maureen Flannigan) — Evie is a half-human, half-alien girl who lives with her mother in Marlowe, California (a fictional analogue of Carmel-by-the-Sea), in a house overlooking the sea. She is an only child. Evie attends a school for gifted children (run by her mother) and achieves good grades there. Her mother had always told Evie that her father was a secret agent, but on her thirteenth birthday Evie developed superhuman abilities; it was then revealed that her father is a native of another planet. Evie's most frequently-used power is her ability to freeze time on Earth by touching her index-fingertips together; this allows her to alter the course of Earthly events by maneuvering herself and/or others as desired. When she claps her hands together, time resumes as normal. She can also "unfreeze" individuals by touching them while time is frozen. She later gains the power to gleep, which allows her to manifest objects using only her mind. Her father describes her as "the perfect child: loving; caring; with the same needs of most teenagers". The series follows Evie through her teenage years, from her thirteenth birthday in the pilot to her eighteenth birthday in the final episode. Although she was the leading character, Flannigan was billed last in the credits. In the first season, she received the billing "And Introducing Maureen Flannigan". Starting with the second season, she received a different billing: "And Maureen Flannigan as Evie".
Donna Froelich-Garland (Donna Pescow) — Evie's mother. Described by her husband as "an ambitious working mother with a career", Donna runs a school for gifted children, which Evie attends. She later founds her own catering company, "Donna's Delights". Toward the end of season 3, Donna becomes the mayor of Marlowe. Donna is very protective of her daughter, often to the dismay of Evie, who would like to be more independent. Donna, along with her brothers Beano and Mick, are the only regular characters on the show who know Evie's secret.
Troy Garland (Burt Reynolds, voice only) — Evie's father. Troy is a human-looking extraterrestrial, with many special powers, from the distant world of Antares Prime. He is an astronaut where he comes from. Troy met Donna when his spacecraft crashed on Earth at some point in the late 1960's or early 1970's. The two fell in love and were married in 1971; two years later, Donna gave birth to Evie. The year after that, Troy was recalled to participate in a war which raged on Antares. Since then, Troy occasionally visits Earth... staying in touch with his daughter via a special communication device known as the "cube" (see below). Troy's powers seem practically unlimited; although he lives on Antares Prime, he can control many things on Earth - from computers to the weather. He can also give and/or take away Evie's powers at will (as demonstrated in the second episode of the series); and is very good at keeping up with events on Earth. While Troy appears in the show's opening credits, he rarely makes a physical appearance — and when he does, his face is obscured (for example, via a surgical mask or shadows). In the series finale, when Troy arrives on Earth, he is seen in a silhouette with stars from the galaxy. Troy was credited as "himself" in the opening credits from Season Two onwards.
Beano Froelich (1987–1990) (Joe Alaskey) — "Beano", Evie's uncle on her mom's side of the family, lives next door to her and his sister Donna. Beano has a large appetite and runs a diet clinic known as "Waist-a-Weigh", which is later renamed after him. Beano is one of the two regular characters who know Evie's secret, Donna being the other. He last appears in season 4, episode 12.
Kyle Applegate (Doug McClure) — Kyle is a former television actor who is now the mayor of Marlowe. Kyle is a good friend of the family, but "the mayor" punishes even the smallest offenses. As well as being egocentric and vain, Kyle is dimwitted and gullible, often completely failing to notice Evie's "alien" antics. He clings to his former TV glory as the star of "Mosquito Man" and many long forgotten mainly Western movies. Towards the end of season three, Kyle is appointed police chief by Donna, who takes over from him as mayor.
Buzz (Buzz Belmondo) — The manager of Beano's diet clinic, and one of the more eccentric characters in town. Buzz usually makes one brief appearance per episode, during which he performs a series of puns and/or prop-based gags...sometimes related to the elaborate costume that he is wearing. He speaks with an unknown accent, and is prone to bizarre behavior. Donna sometimes resorts to him for help, more often than not regretting it.
Lindsay Selkirk (Christina Nigra) — Evie's best female friend. She and Evie spend a lot of time together drinking milkshakes at their local diner, the "Goodie Goodie." Lindsay is Evie's confidante when it comes to boys and her non-Antarean related problems.
Chris Fuller (Steve Burton) — Chris is a surfer and high school student who later enrolls at Marlowe Community College. He is introduced as a new student and good basketball player in the season one episode "Evie Get Your Basketball". Chris becomes Evie's boyfriend, although they are more like brother and sister; sometimes they even date other people. In Season Four, Chris says Evie was and always will be his girl.
Quigley Handlesman (Carl Steven) (1987-1988) - One of Evie's classmates at Donna's school for the gifted.
Phil (John Roarke) (1987-1988) - The jovial, funny handyman who works on the Garlands' house during the first season. He is always snooping around in the family's business; Donna, Evie, and Beano constantly scramble to keep Phil from suspecting Evie's alien heritage.
Jeffrey Cummings (Tony Crane) (1990) - A high school classmate of Evie and Lindsay's who transfers in during their senior year. Incredibly handsome, basically picking where Chris left off after going to college, Jeffrey soon begins dating Evie...who is forced to juggle her relationships with him and with Chris.
Peter (1990-1991) (Peter Pitofsky) — A waiter at the Goodie Goodie who is introduced in the first episode of Season Four. He is a clumsy, goofball Antarean who provides his own brand of comic relief whenever Evie and her friends stop by the restaurant. He was military intelligence for Antares until he chose to stay on Earth, his memory erased of all Antarean things. He has a penchant for misinterpreting people's orders, and sometimes even forgets his own name.
Mick Froelich (1990–1991) (Tom Nolan) — Donna's brother and Evie's uncle, who was introduced in season 4, episode 7, to replace Uncle Beano as a recurring character. He is a former rock musician.
The Cube[edit]
Evie was able to communicate with Troy through a special genetic communication device known as the "cube," which he gave to her when she turned thirteen. The cube effectively functioned as a telephone line to Antareus — it could even be used to leave Troy an "answerphone" message, as seen in the episode "My Little Evie." There were no controls on the cube; Evie simply would call for her father, and the cube would activate when he answered, and deactivate when he would "hang up." Depending on the plotline, Troy would manifest his powers while talking through the cube, emitting a beam of energy directly from the cube.
Evie and Donna would normally keep the cube around the house, out of sight (often in Evie's bedroom), sometimes telling people it was an ornament or a talking clock. When the cube was activated, the top half of it would open up on a hinge with a magenta light pulsing inside, with a "spacey" sound effect. The ambient lights in the room would usually dim as well. Troy's voice would be heard clearly through the cube with reverberation.
Originally, even though everyone was able to hear Troy through the cube, Evie was the only one whom Troy could hear, as the cube was described to be "genetic." This changes in the first episode of season 2, "Evie's Birthday Wish." At the end of the episode, Evie uses her final wish to request that her mother be able to talk to Troy like she can. As a result, Troy could then hear Donna and they could talk back and forth. It was unknown whether the rest of Evie's family could also talk to Troy, but there were other aliens that Troy could hear through the cube, as seen in Season 4 Episode 5 "Evie's Guardian Angel" (an Antaerian was sent to Earth to protect Evie and Donna, and he could speak to Troy via the cube).
Guest stars[edit]
The series featured several celebrities who made cameo appearances on the show, occasionally as themselves. In chronological order of appearances:
Ann Miller
Norman Fell (as Evie's psychiatrist Dr. Hauser, "The Nightmare", 1987)
Scott Carpenter (as himself, "Evie and the Young Astronauts", 1987)
Charles Nelson Reilly (as himself, "Dueling Mayors", 1987)
Betsy Palmer (as Donna's mother, "Uh, Oh... Here Comes Mother", 1987)
Tom Bosley (as Troy's father, "Guess Who's Coming to Earth", 1988 and "Around the World in Eighty Minutes", 1989)
Jamie Farr ("Go West, Young Mayor", 1988)
Richard Kiel (as Norman, "Go West, Young Mayor", 1988)
Scott Baio (who also directed several episodes) made a cameo appearance in "Princess Evie" (1988) and "Evie Goes For the Gold" (1989)
Lyle Alzado ("Goodbye Mr. Chris", 1990)
Mr. T ("New Kid on the Block", 1990)
Susan Anton ("Best Friends", 1990)
Pop singer Tiffany ("I Want My Evie TV", 1990)
Kathleen Freeman (as Miss Ogilvy, Evie's high school teacher, "Educating Kyle", 1991)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Evie's Thirteenth Birthday
Playing with the Power
The Nightmare
Till Then
Evie, Get Your Basketball
Every Beano Has His Day
Evie and the Young Astronauts
Fifties Mom
Dueling Mayors
Baby Talk
Beano's New Diet Clinic
Uh, Oh... Here Comes Mother
The Anniversary
To Tell the Truth
Pen Pals
Broadway Danny Derek
Mosquito Man: The Motion Picture
The Russians Are Coming
Aka Dad
The Illness
The Box Is Missing
Boy Crazy
The Three Faces of Evie
I've Got a Secret
Season 2[edit]
Evie's Birthday Wish
Blast from the Past
Career Crunch
Should Old Acquaintance Be Forgot?
Evie's First Kiss
Princess Evie
Old Flame
Guess Who's Coming to Earth
Go West, Young Mayor
Close Encounters of the Nerd Kind
The Incredible Hunk
Pupil's Court
Evie's Two Dads
The Secret of Evie's Success
Honest Evie
Evie Goes to Hollywood
Two Many Evies
Futile Attraction
Beano the Kid
Queens for a Day
The Amazing Evie
Whose House Is It, Anyway?
Frisky Business
Star Dog
Season 3[edit]
Evie's Sweet Sixteen
Cinderella Evie
Bring Me the Head of Donna Garland
A Froggy Day in Marlowe Town
Eviegeist
Evie's Driver's License
Evie Goes for the Gold
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow
Around the World in 80 Minutes
It's a Cruel World
Evie/Stevie
The Rocks That Couldn't Roll
One in a Million
Four Men and a Baby
Evie's Double Trouble
The Garden of Evie
Evie's Magic Touch
Cowboy Kyle, Man of Granite
Evie's Secret Admirer
Evie's Yuppie Love
Diamond's Are Evie's Best Friend
A Kinder, Gentler Mayor
My Mother the Con
Goodbye, Mr. Chris
Season 4[edit]
New Kid on the Block
My Little Evie
Forget Your Troubles
A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Read
Evie's Guardian Angel
Best Friends
I Want My Evie TV
Come Fly with Evie
Roomies
Evie's High Anxiety
Evie's False Alarm
Marlowe Vice
Evie's Latin Touch
My Mom, and Why I Love Her
Heck's Angels
Would You Buy a Used Car from This Dude?
Evie Nightingale
All About Evie
Mayor Evie
Stump Your Neighbor
Evie's Three Promises
Too Late for Evie
Educating Kyle
Evie's Eighteen
Opening credits[edit]
The opening credits for the series incorporated special effects footage from the 1979-1981 series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. The theme song is "Swinging on a Star".
International airings[edit]
Out of This World was first broadcast in the UK on the ITV network on April 9, 1990, until 1995.[1]
The series was first broadcast in France from 10 September 1988 under the title "Loin de ce monde" - Far From This World.
In Germany, the series was renamed "Mein Vater ist ein Außerirdischer" - My Father is an Alien.
In Italy, the series was renamed "Cose Dell'Altro Mondo" - Things Belonging To the Other World.
In Spain, the series was renamed "De otro mundo" - From Another World.
In Russia, the series was renamed "Фантастическая Девушка" - Fantastic Girl.
In Latin America, the series was renamed "Fuera de este Mundo" - Out of This World.
The show was aired on many TV stations in the Middle East, as well as Saudi TV Channel 2, with Arabic subtitles. It also aired in Canada on Toronto station CFMT (now Omni Television). It was screened in New Zealand on TVNZ.
Critical reception[edit]
Discussing Out of This World, Roger Fulton stated "like many juvenile US sitcoms, the series was short on laughs and long on moralizing".[2] The book Television Without Pity contained a review of Out of This World that described the show as "quite possibly the worst sitcom ever made-it's a complete failure on every level". The review went on to criticize the show's scripts, acting and production, and unfavorably compared Out of This World to Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.[3] The Splitsider website called Out of This World "perhaps the worst sitcom ever, or at least the most '80s sitcom ever".[4]
DVD release[edit]
A DVD set with 35 episodes from seasons 1 and 2 was released in Germany on November 8, 2011.[5] The 6-disc set has a runtime of 875 minutes, but does not include all episodes due to music rights.[6]
In other media[edit]
The show was parodied in the Robot Chicken episode, "Executed by the State". In the parody, Evie is asked out by a boy who likes her, she uses her powers to stop time and takes a look down his pants, presumably in order to check out the size of his penis. After seeing the size of his penis, Evie says, "Uhhh, pass." (This is followed by canned laughter typical of sitcoms of that era.) Evie then walks off with time still frozen.
In the Universal Studios ride Kongfrontation, the news report that plays during the queue is interrupted by an ad for Out of This World, at which the screen crawl at the bottom of the ad is a civil defense message warning that King Kong is in the vicinity and for civilians to stay indoors and not use public transportation until further notice.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "BBC - Comedy Guide - Out Of This World". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2004-12-09. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Jump up ^ Fulton, Roger (1995). Encyclopedia of TV science fiction. London: Boxtree. p. 392. ISBN 1-85283-953-8.
Jump up ^ Ariano, Tara; Bunting, Sarah D. (2006). Television Without Pity: 752 Things We Love to Hate (And Hate to Love) about TV. Quirk Books. p. 192. ISBN 1-59474-117-4.
Jump up ^ Boone, Brian (October 18, 2011). "Looking Back at the Terrible Syndicated Sitcoms of the Late 1980s". Splitsider. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mein Vater ist ein Außerirdischer - Vol. 1 [6 DVDs]: Amazon.de: Donna Pescow, Maureen Flannigan, Joe Alaskey, Buzz Belmondo, Doug McClure: Filme & TV". Amazon.de. 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Jump up ^ "FSK - VV Programmteile". Fsk.de. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
External links[edit]
Television in the United States portal
Science fiction portal
1980s portal
1990s portal
Out of This World on IMDb
Out of This World at TV.com
Out of This World at epguides.com
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