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Prime Minister of Canada
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This article is about the position of Prime Minister of Canada. For individual Canadian prime ministers, see List of Prime Ministers of Canada.
Prime Minister of Canada
Logo of the Prime Minister of Canada
Incumbent
Justin Trudeau
since November 4, 2015
Executive Branch of the Government of Canada
Office of the Prime Minister
Style
The Right Honourable (formal)
Mr. Prime Minister (informal)
His Excellency (diplomatic)
Abbreviation
PM
Member of
Queen's Privy Council
Cabinet
Parliament
Reports to
Monarch
Governor General
Parliament
Residence
24 Sussex Drive (under renovation)
Harrington Lake (seasonal)
Rideau Cottage (temporary)
Seat
80 Wellington St,
Ottawa, ON K1P 5K9
Appointer
Governor General
Term length
At Her Majesty's pleasure
Constituting instrument
None (constitutional convention)
Inaugural holder
Sir John A. Macdonald
Formation
July 1, 1867
Deputy
Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (vacant)
Salary
CAD$347,400 (2018)[1]
Website
www.pm.gc.ca
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The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.[2] Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists only as per long-established convention (originating in Canada's former colonial power, the United Kingdom) that stipulates the monarch's representative, the governor general, must select as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons; this individual is typically the leader of the political party that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber.[n 1][3] Canadian prime ministers are styled as The Right Honourable (French: Le Très Honorable), a privilege maintained for life.
The current, and 23rd, Prime Minister of Canada is the Liberal Party's Justin Trudeau, who was appointed on November 4, 2015, by Governor General David Johnston, following the general election that took place that year.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin of the office
2 Qualifications and selection
3 Term of office
4 Role and authority
5 Privileges
6 Style of address
7 Activities post-commission
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Origin of the office[edit]
The position of prime minister is not outlined in any Canadian constitutional document and is mentioned only in passing in the Constitution Act, 1982,[4][5] and the Letters Patent, 1947 issued by King George VI.[6] The office and its functions are instead governed by constitutional conventions and modelled on the same office in the United Kingdom.
Qualifications and selection[edit]
The prime minister, along with the other ministers in cabinet, is appointed by the governor general on behalf of the monarch.[7] However, by the conventions of responsible government, designed to maintain administrative stability, the governor general will call to form a government the individual most likely to receive the support, or confidence, of a majority of the directly elected members of the House of Commons;[8] as a practical matter, this is often the leader of a party whose members form a majority, or a very large plurality, of Members of Parliament (MPs).[9]
While there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to be a member of parliament, for practical and political reasons the prime minister is expected to win a seat very promptly.[10] However, in rare circumstances individuals who are not sitting members of the House of Commons have been appointed to the position of prime minister. Two former prime ministers—Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell—served in the 1890s while members of the Senate.[11] Both, in their roles as Government Leader in the Senate, succeeded prime ministers who had died in office—John A. Macdonald in 1891 and John Sparrow David Thompson in 1894. That convention has since evolved toward the appointment of an interim leader from the commons in such a scenario.
Prime ministers who are not Members of Parliament upon their appointment (or who lose their seats while in office) have since been expected to seek election to the commons as soon as possible. For example, William Lyon Mackenzie King, after losing his seat in the 1925 federal election (that his party won), briefly "governed from the hallway" before winning a by-election a few weeks later. Similarly, John Turner replaced Pierre Trudeau as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed prime minister while not holding a seat in the House of Commons; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power. Turner was the last serving prime minister to not hold a commons seat.
Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)
Should a serving prime minister today lose his or her seat in the legislature, or should a new prime minister be appointed without holding a seat, the typical process that follows is that a junior member in the governing political party will resign to allow the prime minister to run in the resulting by-election.[11] A safe seat is usually chosen; while the Liberal and Conservative parties traditionally observed a convention of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the New Democrats and smaller political parties typically do not follow the same convention. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, he or she will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in parliament.
In a poll conducted by Ipsos-Reid following the first prorogation of the 40th parliament on December 4, 2008, it was found that 51% of the sample group thought the prime minister was directly elected by Canadians.[12][13]
Term of office[edit]
The Canadian prime minister serves at Her Majesty's pleasure, meaning the post does not have a fixed term. Once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until he or she resigns, is dismissed, or dies.[14] The lifespan of parliament was limited by the constitution to five years and, though the governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the writs of election prior to the date mandated by the Canada Elections Act; the King–Byng Affair was the only time since Confederation that the governor general deemed it necessary to refuse his prime minister's request for a general vote. As of 2007, with an amendment to the Elections Act, Section 56.1(2) was changed to limit the term of a majority government to four years, with election day being set as the third Monday in October of the fourth calendar year after the previous polling date.[15]
Following parliamentary dissolution, the prime minister must run in the resulting general election if he or she wishes to maintain a seat in the House of Commons. Should the prime minister's party subsequently win a majority of seats in the House of Commons, it is unnecessary to re-appoint the prime minister or again swear him or her into office.[14] If, however, an opposition party wins a majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or be dismissed by the governor general. Should the prime minister's party achieve a minority while an opposition party wins a plurality (i.e., more seats than any other party but less than a majority), the prime minister can attempt to maintain the confidence of the House by forming a coalition with other minority parties. This option was last entertained in 1925.
Role and authority[edit]
Further information: Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Canada's Prime Ministers during its first century.
Because the prime minister is, in practice, the most politically powerful member of the Canadian government, he or she is sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada's head of state,[n 2] when, in fact, that post is held by the Canadian monarch, represented by the governor general.[16] The prime minister is, instead, the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and its executive powers,[3] which are governed by the constitution and its conventions. However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Today, as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy, the advice given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding, meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions.[17] As such, the prime minister, supported by the Office of the Prime Minister (PMO), controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada's system of governance, including the governor general, the Cabinet, justices of the Supreme Court, senators, heads of crown corporations, ambassadors to foreign countries, the provincial lieutenant governors, and approximately 3,100 other positions. Further, the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process—with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet—and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces.
William Lyon Mackenzie King, the 10th Prime Minister of Canada (1921–1926; 1926–1930; 1935–1948)
Pierre Trudeau is credited with, throughout his tenure as prime minister between 1968 and 1984, consolidating power in the PMO,[18] which is itself filled by political and administrative staff selected at the prime minister's discretion and unaccountable to parliament. At the end of the 20th century and into the 21st, analysts—such as Jeffrey Simpson,[19] Donald Savoie, Andrew Coyne,[20] and John Gomery—argued that both parliament and the Cabinet had become eclipsed by prime ministerial power;[n 3][21] Savoie wrote: "The Canadian prime minister has little in the way of institutional check, at least inside government, to inhibit his ability to have his way."[22] Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a "presidentialisation",[18][23] to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state (and prime minister's spouses are sometimes called the "First Lady of Canada"[24][25]).[26][27] Former governor general Adrienne Clarkson alluded to what she saw as "an unspoken rivalry" that had developed between the prime minister and the Crown.[28] It has been theorized that such is the case in Canada as its parliament is less influential on the executive than in other countries with Westminster parliamentary systems; particularly, Canada has fewer MPs, a higher turnover rate of MPs after each election, and an Americanised system for selecting political party leaders, leaving them accountable to the party membership rather than caucus, as is the case in the United Kingdom.[29]
There do exist checks on the prime minister's power: the commons may revoke its confidence in an incumbent prime minister and Cabinet or caucus revolts can quickly bring down a serving premier and even mere threats of such action can persuade or compel a prime minister to resign his post, as happened with Jean Chrétien. The Reform Act, 2014,[30] codifies the process by which a caucus may trigger a party leadership review and, if necessary, chose an interim leader, thereby making a prime minister more accountable to the MPs in his or her party. Caucuses may choose to follow these rules, though the decision would be made by recorded vote, thereby subjecting the party's choice to public scrutiny.[31]
The Senate may delay or impede legislation put forward by the Cabinet, such as when Brian Mulroney's bill creating the Goods and Services Tax (GST) came before the upper chamber and, given Canada's federal nature, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers,[32][33][34] the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a "rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us [the Canadian people]."[35][36] Either the sovereign or his or her governor general may therefore oppose the prime minister's will in extreme, crisis situations.[n 4] Near the end of her time as governor general, Adrienne Clarkson stated: "My constitutional role has lain in what are called 'reserve powers': making sure that there is a prime minister and a government in place, and exercising the right 'to encourage, to advise, and to warn'[...] Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three."[37]
Privileges[edit]
24 Sussex Drive, the official residence of the Prime Minister of Canada
Two official residences are provided to the prime minister—24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa and Harrington Lake, a country retreat in Gatineau Park—as well an office in the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council (formerly known as Langevin Block), across from Parliament Hill.[38] For transportation, the prime minister is granted an armoured car and shared use of two official aircraft—a CC-150 Polaris for international flights and a Challenger 601 for domestic trips. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also furnish constant personal security for the prime minister and his or her family. All of the aforementioned is supplied by the Queen-in-Council through budgets approved by parliament, as is the prime minister's total annual compensation of CAD$347,400.[1] The Prime Minister's total compensation consists of the Member of the House of Commons Basic Sessional Indemnity of CAD$172,400, the Prime Minister Salary of CAD$172,400, and the Prime Minister Car Allowance of CAD$2000.[1]
Should a serving or former prime minister die, he or she is accorded a state funeral, wherein their casket lies in state in the Centre Block of Parliament Hill.[39] Only Bowell and the Viscount Bennett were given private funerals, Bennett also being the only former Prime Minister of Canada to die and be buried outside the country and Bowell the only whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John Thompson also died outside Canada, at Windsor Castle, where Queen Victoria permitted his lying-in-state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in Halifax.[40]
The mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada, applied to the arms of prime ministers who pursue them
In earlier years, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a knighthood on newly appointed Canadian prime ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix Sir before their name; of the first eight premiers of Canada, only Alexander Mackenzie refused the honour of a knighthood from Queen Victoria. Following the 1919 Nickle Resolution, however, it was against non-binding policy for the sovereign to grant such honorific titles to Canadians; the last prime minister to be knighted was Sir Robert Borden, who was premier at the time the Nickle Resolution was debated in the House of Commons. Still, Bennett was in 1941, six years after he stepped down as prime minister, elevated to the peerage by King George VI as Viscount Bennett, of Mickleham in the County of Surrey and of Calgary and Hopewell in the Dominion of Canada.[41][42]
The Canadian Heraldic Authority (CHA) has granted former prime ministers an augmentation of honour on the personal coat of arms of those who pursued them. The heraldic badge, referred to by the CHA as the mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada,[43] consists of four red maple leaves joined at the stem on a white field ("Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules"); the augmentation has, so far, been granted either as a canton sinister or centred in the chief.[43][44][45][46][47] To date, former prime ministers Joe Clark,[43] Pierre Trudeau,[44] John Turner,[45] Brian Mulroney,[46] and Kim Campbell were granted arms with the augmentation.[47]
Style of address[edit]
Kim Campbell, the 19th Prime Minister of Canada (1993) and only female and British Columbia-born individual to hold the office
Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title Prime Minister when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly; this is in contrast to the United States protocol of addressing the federal head of government as mister (as in, Mister President); the Department of Canadian Heritage advises that it is incorrect to use the term Mr Prime Minister.[48] The written form of address for the prime minister should use his or her full parliamentary title: The Right Honourable [name], [post-nominal letters], Prime Minister of Canada. However, while in the House of Commons during Question Period, other members of parliament may address the prime minister as The Right Honourable, Member for [prime minister's riding] or simply The Right Honourable Prime Minister.[49] Former prime ministers retain the prefix The Right Honourable for the remainder of their lives; should they remain sitting MPs, they may be referred as The Right Honourable Member for [member's riding] or by their portfolio title (if appointed to one), as in The Right Honourable Minister of National Defence.
In the decades following Confederation, it was common practice to refer to the prime minister as Premier of Canada,[50][51][52] a custom that continued until the First World War, around the time of Robert Borden's premiership.[53][54][55] While contemporary sources will still speak of early prime ministers of Canada as premier,[56][57][58] the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the prime minister, while the provincial heads of government are termed premiers (save for within Quebec and New Brunswick, where the premiers are addressed in French as Premier ministre du [province], literally translated as Prime Minister of [province]).
Activities post-commission[edit]
After exiting office, former prime ministers of Canada have engaged in various pursuits. Some remained in politics: Bowell continued to serve as a senator, Stephen Harper returned to the House of Commons as a backbench Member of Parliament, and Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the House of Lords.[59] A number led Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Canadian parliament: John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, Mackenzie King,[60] and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as prime minister (Mackenzie King twice); Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths;[61] Wilfrid Laurier dying while still in the post;[62] and Charles Tupper,[63] Louis St. Laurent,[64] and John Turner, each before they returned to private business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate following his second period as prime minister, but resigned his seat to seek re-election and moved to private enterprise after failing to win a riding.[65] Following Meighen into civilian life were: Robert Borden, who served as Chancellor of Queen's and McGill Universities, as well as working in the financial sector; Lester B. Pearson, who acted as Chancellor of Carleton University;[66] Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who became university professors, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice.[67] Former prime ministers also commonly penned autobiographies—Tupper,[63] for example—or published their memoirs—such as Diefenbaker and Paul Martin.[61]
See also[edit]
Book: Canada
Book: Prime Ministers of Canada
Canadian politics portal
Canada portal
List of Prime Ministers of Canada
Historical rankings of Canadian prime ministers
List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office
Prime Ministers of Canada in popular culture
List of books about Prime Ministers of Canada
List of Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria
List of Prime Ministers of King Edward VII
List of Prime Ministers of King George V
List of Prime Ministers of King Edward VIII
List of Prime Ministers of King George VI
List of Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ See majority and plurality.
Jump up ^ A 2008 Ipsos-Reid poll found 42% of respondents thought the prime minister was head of state.[12]
Jump up ^ See Note 2 at Cabinet of Canada.
Jump up ^ See 'Responsibilities' and Note 1 at Cabinet of Canada.
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Jeremiah Johnson (film)
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Jeremiah Johnson
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Sydney Pollack
Produced by
Joe Wizan
Screenplay by
Edward Anhalt
John Milius
Story by
Raymond W. Thorp
Robert Bunker
Based on
Mountain Man
by Vardis Fisher
Crow Killer by Raymond W. Thorp and Robert Bunker
Starring
Robert Redford
Will Geer
Music by
Tim McIntire
John Rubinstein
Cinematography
Duke Callaghan
Edited by
Thomas Stanford
Production
company
Sanford Productions (III)
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
December 21, 1972 (1972-12-21)
Running time
108 minutes
116 minutes (w/ Overture & Intermission)
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$3.1 million[1]
Box office
$44,693,786[2]
Jeremiah Johnson is a 1972 American western film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford as the title character and Will Geer as "Bear Claw" Chris Lapp. It is said to have been based partly on the life of the legendary mountain man Liver-Eating Johnson, recounted in Raymond Thorp and Robert Bunker's book Crow Killer: The Saga of Liver-Eating Johnson and Vardis Fisher's Mountain Man.
The script was by John Milius and Edward Anhalt; the film was shot at various locations in Redford's adopted home state of Utah. It was entered into the 1972 Cannes Film Festival.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Music
4 Release
4.1 Home media
4.2 Critical reception
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Mexican War veteran Jeremiah Johnson takes up the life of a mountain man, supporting himself in the Rocky Mountains as a trapper. His first winter in mountain country is difficult, and he has a run-in with Paints-His-Shirt-Red, a chief of the Crow tribe. Some time later, he finds the frozen body of mountain man Hatchet Jack clutching a .50 caliber Hawken rifle. Jack's will gives his rifle to the man who finds his corpse. With his new rifle, Johnson inadvertently disrupts the grizzly bear hunt of the elderly and eccentric Chris Lapp, nicknamed 'Bear Claw', who mentors him on living in the high country. After a brush with Crow Indians, including Lapp's friend Paints-His-Shirt-Red, and learning the skills required to survive, Johnson sets off on his own.
He comes across a cabin whose inhabitants were apparently attacked by Blackfoot warriors, leaving only a woman and her uncommunicative son alive. The woman, maddened by grief, forces Johnson to adopt her son. He and the boy, whom Johnson dubs "Caleb", come across Del Gue, a mountain man who has been robbed by the Blackfeet, who have buried him to his neck in sand and stuffed feathers up his nose. Gue persuades Johnson to help recover his stolen goods, but Johnson counsels against violence when they find the Blackfoot camp.
The men sneak into the camp at night to retrieve Gue's possessions, but Gue opens fire and the mountain men then kill the Blackfeet. Gue takes several Blackfoot horses and scalps. Johnson, disgusted with the needless killing, returns to Caleb. Soon afterward, they are surprised by Christianized Flathead Indians, who take them in as guests of honor. Johnson unknowingly places the chief in his debt by giving him the stolen horses and scalps of the Blackfoot (their mortal enemies); according to Flathead custom, to maintain his honor the chief must now either kill him, or give him a greater gift. The chief gives his daughter Swan to be Johnson's bride. After the wedding, Gue goes off on his own and Johnson, Caleb and Swan journey into the wilderness. Johnson finds a suitable location to build a cabin. They settle into this new home and slowly become a family.
Johnson is pressed by a troop of U.S. Army Cavalry to lead a search party to save a stranded wagon train of settlers. Ignoring Johnson's advice, they travel through a sacred Crow burial ground. While returning home by the same route, Johnson notices that the graves are now adorned with Swan's blue trinkets; he rushes back to the cabin, where he finds that his family has been killed.
Johnson sets off after the warriors who killed his family and attacks them, killing all but one, a heavyset brave who sings his death song when he realizes he cannot escape. Johnson leaves him alive and the survivor spreads the tale of the mountain man's quest for revenge throughout the region, trapping Johnson in a feud with the Crow. The tribe sends its best warriors to kill Johnson, but he defeats them. His legend grows and the Crow come to respect him. He meets Gue again, and returns to the cabin of Caleb's mother, only to find that she has died and a new settler named Qualen and his family are living there. Nearby the Crow have built a monument to Johnson's bravery, periodically leaving trinkets and talismans as tribute.
Johnson and Lapp meet for a final time, and he later has a wordless encounter with Paints-His-Shirt-Red, presumed to be behind the attacks. While sitting astride their horses far apart, Johnson reaches for his rifle, but Paints-His-Shirt-Red raises his arm, open-palmed, in a gesture of peace that Johnson slowly returns.
Cast[edit]
Robert Redford as Jeremiah Johnson
Will Geer as Bear Claw Chris Lapp
Stefan Gierasch as Del Gue
Delle Bolton as Swan
Josh Albee as Caleb
Joaquín Martínez as Paints His Shirt Red
Allyn Ann McLerie as the Crazy Woman
Paul Benedict as Reverend Lindquist
Jack Colvin as Lieutenant Mulvey
Matt Clark as Qualen
Richard Angarola as Chief Two-Tongues Lebreaux
Charles Tyner as Robidoux
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In April 1968, producer Sidney Beckerman acquired the film rights to the biographical book Crow Killer: The Saga of Liver-Eating Johnson by Raymond W. Thorp Jr. and Robert Bunker. By May 1970, the rights were acquired by Warner Bros., who assigned John Milius to write a screen adaptation.[3] Based roughly on Crow Killer as well as Mountain Man: A Novel of Male and Female in the Early American West by Vardis Fisher,[4] Milius first scripted what would become known as Jeremiah Johnson for $5,000; however, he was then hired to rewrite it several times and finally earned $80,000. According to Milius, Edward Anhalt and David Rayfiel were brought in to work on the screenplay only for Milius to be continually rehired because no one else could do the dialogue. Milius says he got the idiom and American spirit from Carl Sandburg and was also influenced by Charles Portis's novel True Grit.[5]
The role of Jeremiah Johnson was originally intended for Lee Marvin and then Clint Eastwood, with Sam Peckinpah to direct.[6] However, Peckinpah and Eastwood did not get along, so Peckinpah left and Eastwood decided to make Dirty Harry instead.[5] Warner Bros. then stepped in and set up Milius' screenplay for Robert Redford.[7] Without a director, Redford talked Sydney Pollack into it; the two were looking for another film to collaborate on after This Property Is Condemned (1966).[8]
Casting for the role of Swan, Jeremiah's wife, took three months. After auditioning for another role, actress Delle Bolton was spotted by the casting director.[9] Bolton then interviewed alongside 200 Native American women and eventually won the role.[4]
Filming[edit]
After Warner Bros. advanced Redford $200,000 to secure him for the film, they decided that it had to be shot on its backlot due to cost constraints. Insisting that it must be shot on location in Utah, Redford and Pollack convinced the studio that this could be done at the same cost.[8] To prepare for production, art director Ted Haworth drove over 26,000 miles to find locations.[4] Ultimately, it was shot in nearly 100 locations across Utah, including: Mount Timpanogos, Ashley National Forest, Leeds, Snow Canyon State Park, St. George, Sundance Resort, Uinta National Forest, Wasatch-Cache National Forest, and Zion National Park.[10]
Principal photography began in January 1971, but unexpected weather threatened production.[1] Even after Pollack mortgaged his home to supplement the limited budget, production remained constrained.[8] "The snows of St. George in southern Utah were terrible," said Pollack, "and we were using Cinemobiles as the lifelines. There was no way I was going to let it overrun, and Bob was a superb partner in keeping us tight. In the end it was the greatest way to learn production, because I was playing with my own money."[1] Struggling with weather and the budget, rarely were the crew able to shoot any second takes.[11]
The film took seven and a half months to edit. "It's a picture that was made as much in the editing room as it was in the shooting," said Pollack. "It was a film where you used to watch dailies and everybody would fall asleep, except Bob and I, because all you had were these big shots of a guy walking his horse through the snow. You didn't see strong narrative line. It's a picture made out of rhythms and moods and wonderful performances."[12]
Music[edit]
The score was composed by Tim McIntire and John Rubinstein; known primarily as actors, they were also musicians. This was their film composing debut, arising after Rubinstein met Sydney Pollack through his agent.[13] As Pollack recalls in the DVD commentary, McIntire and Rubinstein were "kids that just auditioned with a tape."[14]
The soundtrack LP was not released until 1976 by Warner Bros. Records. On October 5, 2009, a restored and extended version of the LP was released by Film Score Monthly.[13]
Release[edit]
Jeremiah Johnson had its worldwide premiere on May 7 at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival, where it was screened in competition.[15] It was the first western film to ever be accepted in the festival.[16] The film then held its American premiere on December 2 in Boise, Idaho,[9] with its theatrical release in the United States beginning on December 21, 1972 in New York City.[3] The film was a box office success, becoming the sixth highest grossing film of 1972 after grossing a domestic total of $44,693,786.[2] The following year, the film went on to earn $8,350,000 in US & Canadian rentals.[17]
Home media[edit]
The film was first released onto DVD by Warner Home Video on October 28, 1997. It was later released onto Blu-ray on May 1, 2012.[18]
Critical reception[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2016)
In addition to being a commercial success, the film also received positive reviews. Aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 95% of critics gave it a positive review, based on 20 reviews with a "Certified Fresh" rating, with an average score of 7.1/10 and the consensus stating: "Jeremiah Johnson's deliberate pace demands an investment from the viewer, but it's rewarded with a thoughtful drama anchored by a starring performance from Robert Redford."[19]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1972
Survival film, about the film genre, with a list of related films
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Callan, Michael Feeney (May 15, 2012). Robert Redford: The Biography. New York, New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0307475964.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jeremiah Johnson, Box Office Information". The Numbers. Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "AFI Catalog of Feature Films: Jeremiah Johnson". American Film Institute. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Story Notes for Jeremiah Johnson". AMC Networks. AMC.com. June 28, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Segaloff, Nat, "John Milius: The Good Fights", Backstory 4: Interviews with Screenwriters of the 1970s and 1980s, Ed. Patrick McGilligan, Uni of California 2006 p 283-284
Jump up ^ Leonelli, Elisa (May 3, 2007). "4". Robert Redford and the American West. Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation. [self-published source]
Jump up ^ Mesce, Bill (January 6, 2013). "'Jeremiah Johnson' Hollywood's Most Beautiful – and Saddest – Western". Sound on Sight. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Nixon, Rob. "Jeremiah Johnson". TCM Movie Database. Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Actress Noted Special Day On Utah Location". Deseret News. November 11, 1972. p. 4T. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Harmer, Katie (July 10, 2013). "50 movies filmed in Utah: 'The Sandlot,' 'Hulk' and more". Deseret News. Deseret News Publishing Company. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Patton, Pril (January 11, 1973). "Sydney Pollack: Mountains and the Man". The Harvard Crimson. Harvard University. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Gallagher, John (Interviewer). The Director's Series (Videotape). New York City: TVDays.com. Event occurs at 2:15. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Film Score Monthly CD: Jeremiah Johnson". Film Score Monthly. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Simon (May 4, 2012). "Jeremiah Johnson Blu-ray: Robert Redford's Unforgiving Western Adventure Turns 40". Movieline. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: Jeremiah Johnson". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Olsen, Grant (April 18, 2013). "5 more of the best films ever made in Utah". KSL-TV. Bonneville International. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Films of 1973", Variety, 9 January 1974 p 19
Jump up ^ Katz, Josh (January 5, 2012). "Jeremiah Johnson Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Jeremiah Johnson - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
External links[edit]
Jeremiah Johnson on IMDb
Jeremiah Johnson at AllMovie
Jeremiah Johnson at Box Office Mojo
Jeremiah Johnson at Rotten Tomatoes
Jeremiah Johnson at the TCM Movie Database
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Sydney Pollack
The Slender Thread (1965)
This Property Is Condemned (1966)
The Scalphunters (1968)
Castle Keep (1969)
They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969)
Jeremiah Johnson (1972)
The Way We Were (1973)
The Yakuza (1974)
Three Days of the Condor (1975)
Bobby Deerfield (1977)
The Electric Horseman (1979)
Absence of Malice (1981)
Tootsie (1982)
Out of Africa (1985)
Havana (1990)
The Firm (1993)
Sabrina (1995)
Random Hearts (1999)
The Interpreter (2005)
Sketches of Frank Gehry (2006)
[show]
v
t
e
Films by John Milius
Writer and Director
Marcello, I'm So Bored (1966)
Dillinger (1973)
The Wind and the Lion (1975)
Big Wednesday (1978)
Conan the Barbarian (1982)
Red Dawn (1984)
Farewell to the King (1989)
Flight of the Intruder (1991)
Motorcycle Gang (1994)
Rough Riders (1997)
Writer only
The Emperor (1967)
The Devil's 8 (1969)
Evel Knievel (1971)
The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
Jeremiah Johnson (1972)
Magnum Force (1973)
Apocalypse Now (1979)
Extreme Prejudice (1987)
Geronimo: An American Legend (1993)
Clear and Present Danger (1994)
Texas Rangers (2001)
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