text:
List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population
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Kanpur
Lucknow
Faizabad
Ghaziabad
Noida
Agra
Varanasi
Meerut
Saharanpur
Allahabad
Gorakhpur
Jhansi
Bareilly
Aligarh
Moradabad
Major Cities of Uttar Pradesh
The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh borders with Nepal and the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttarakhand and National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Himalayas lies in the north of the state and the Deccan Plateau is at the south. In between them, the river Ganges, Yamuna, Ghaghra flow eastwards. Uttar Pradesh can be divided into two distinct regions, Southern hills and Gangetic plain. Uttar Pradesh is divided into 75 districts under 18 divisions.[1] As of 2011, with an estimated population of 199,581,477. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India.[2] Uttar Pradesh occupies 6.88 percent of the India's land surface area but is home to 16.49 percent of the India's population.[3][4] As of 2011, 64 cities in the state had a population of over 100,000 people. Kanpur is the largest city with 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) area having an approximate population of over 3 million which comes under Kanpur Metropolitan Area.[5] The smallest city with a population over 100,000 people was Kakrala in Badaun district with a population of 100,080 people according to 2011 census figures.
Contents
[hide]
1 Census of Uttar Pradesh
2 Cities and towns
3 See also
4 References
Census of Uttar Pradesh[edit]
The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.[6] The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. Uttar Pradesh has both a large population and a high population growth rate.[5] During the decade from 1991 to 2001 its population increased by over 17.8%.[5]
The state's 2001–2011 decennial growth rate (including Uttrakhand) was 20.09%, higher than 1991–2001 rate of 17.8% and also higher than the national rate of 17.64%.[7] As of the 2001 Indian census, about 80% of Uttar Pradesh's population is Hindu, while Muslims make up around 18.4% of the population. The population density is 828 people per square kilometre, making it one of the densest states in the country.[5] The sex ratio as of 2011, at 908 women to 1000 men, is lower than the national figure of 940. Uttar Pradesh has the existing of the caste system among the Hindus who constitute vast variety of population.[citation needed]
The high population of state have resulted in the growth of large settlements caste in compact regions in Uttar Pradesh, it includes Ahirs, Kurmis and Bhumihars. Scheduled castes and Harijans who also exist in state.[citation needed] Because of both a large population and a high population growth rate, Uttar Pradesh figure among the list of states with large number of people living below poverty line.[8] The latest estimates released by the Planning Commission for the year 2004-05 reveals that Uttar Pradesh has the largest BPL population, with 59 million people living below the poverty line.[8]
Cities and towns[edit]
Allahabad, Judicial Capital of Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur, Commercial Capital of Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow, Capital of Uttar Pradesh
Jhansi Fort
Agra
Varanasi, Religious Capital of India
Noida, IT Capital of Uttar Pradesh
Faizabad, Hindu City And Lord Ram Birth Place Uttar Pradesh
Gorakhpur
The total geographical area of Uttar Pradesh is 240,928 square kilometres (93,023 sq mi).[2] As per census data 2011, the total population of Uttar Pradesh is: 199,581,477.[2]
Rank
Name
District
Type*
Cetegory
Population 2011[9][10]
Male[11]
Female[11]
Population
below 5 yrs[11]
Literacy Rate[11]
1 Kanpur Kanpur UA Nagar Nigam 4,542,184 1,984,967 1,974,100 266,336 88.98
2 Lucknow Lucknow UA Nagar Nigam 3,201,474 1,618,951 1,582,523 289,375 84.72
3 Ghaziabad Ghaziabad UA Nagar Nigam 2,458,525 1,256,783 1,202,742 308,717 84.78
4 Agra Agra UA Nagar Nigam 2,146,467 1,042,441 963,402 210,036 64.61
5 Varanasi Varanasi UA Nagar Nigam 1,735,113 961,060 874,053 157,482 80.31
6 Meerut Meerut UA Nagar Nigam 1,524,908 854,857 770,051 176,770 78.29
7 Allahabad Allahabad UA Nagar Nigam 1,316,719 755,734 660,985 112,023 86.06
8 Bareilly Bareilly UA Nagar Nigam 979,933 522,385 457,548 104,560 70.97
9 Aligarh Aligarh UA Nagar Nigam 909,559 482,828 426,731 118,778 70.54
10 Moradabad Moradabad City Nagar Nigam 889,810 466,432 432,378 110,376 70.65
11 Saharanpur Saharanpur City Nagar Nigam 703,345 371,858 331,487 88,501 77.94
12 Gorakhpur Gorakhpur UA Nagar Nigam 692,519 365,148 327,371 65,078 85.64
13 Faizabad Faizabad UA Nagar Nigam 642,381 352,577 289,804 83,530 88.58
14 Firozabad Firozabad City Nagar Nigam 603,797 320,012 283,785 83,530 75.01
15 Jhansi Jhansi UA Nagar Nigam 549,391 292,497 256,894 56,230 84.41
16 Muzaffarnagar Muzaffarnagar City Nagar Palika 494,792 261,338 233,454 64,696 80.99
17 Mathura Mathura UA Nagar Nigam 454,937 244,333 210,604 56,267 77.11
18 Budaun Budaun UA Nagar Palika 369,221 188,475 179,746 42,613 83.00
19 Rampur Rampur UA Nagar Palika 359,062 182,325 166,737 41,769 79.56
20 Shahjahanpur Shahjahanpur UA Nagar Palika 356,103 183,087 163,016 38,736 79.81
21 Farrukhabad-cum-Fategarh Farrukhabad UA Nagar Palika 318,540 164,630 145,910 39,944 75.60
22 Maunath Bhanjan Mau City Nagar Palika 279,060 143,273 135,787 40,651 78.60
23 Hapur Hapur City Nagar Palika 262,801 139,694 123,107 36,714 75.34
24 Noida Noida City Notified Area 259,160 139,074 120,086 25,436 88.58
25 Etawah Etawah City Nagar Palika 256,790 135,829 120,961 28,922 82.89
26 Mirzapur-cum-Vindhyachal Mirzapur UA Nagar Palika 245,817 131,534 114,283 29,619 77.85
27 Bulandshahr Bulandshahr UA Nagar Palika 235,310 125,549 111,761 30,886 78.37
28 Sambhal Sambhal City Nagar Palika 221,334 116,008 105,326 34,279 49.51
29 Amroha Amroha City Nagar Palika 197,135 102,804 94,331 26,855 63.88
30 Hardoi Hardoi UA Nagar Palika 197,046 104,201 92,845 21,719 83.27
31 Fatehpur Fatehpur City Nagar Palika 193,801 101,620 92,181 22,078 77.69
32 Raebareli Raebareli City Nagar Palika 191,625 99,844 91,212 18,866 82.97
33 Orai Jalaun UA Nagar Palika 190,625 101,434 89,191 20,424 83.35
34 Sitapur Sitapur UA Nagar Palika 188,230 99,129 89,101 19,721 83.02
35 Bahraich Bahraich City Nagar Palika 186,241 98,529 87,712 22,828 75.3
36 Modinagar Ghaziabad UA Nagar Palika 182,811 97,335 85,476 21,441 87.03
37 Unnao Unnao City Nagar Palika 178,681 94,080 84,601 18,604 83.72
38 Jaunpur Jaunpur City Nagar Palika 168,128 88,704 79,424 18,033 82.11
39 Lakhimpur Lakhimpur Kheri UA Nagar Palika 164,925 88,908 77,017 18,174 83.80
40 Hathras Hathras UA Nagar Palika 161,289 86,028 75,261 20,279 78.05
41 Banda Banda UA Nagar Palika 160,432 85,473 74,959 18,317 83.61
42 Pilibhit Pilibhit UA Nagar Palika 160,146 84,546 75,600 16,089 72.30
43 Mughalsarai Chandauli UA Nagar Palika 154,692 81,524 73,168 19,055 78.08
44 Barabanki Barabanki UA Nagar Palika 154,692 77,766 69,065 16,093 81.15
45 Khurja Bulandshahr UA Nagar Palika 142,636 75,384 67,252 20,072 72.75
46 Gonda Gonda UA Nagar Palika 138,929 71,475 67,454 15,608 80.32
47 Mainpuri Mainpuri UA Nagar Palika 133,078 69,788 63,290 16,371 85.66
48 Lalitpur Lalitpur City Nagar Palika 133,041 69,548 63,493 16,193 83.96
49 Etah Etah UA Nagar Palika 131,023 69,446 61,577 15,890 85.62
50 Deoria Deoria City Nagar Palika 129,570 67,754 61,816 13,821 93.73
51 Ujhani Budaun UA Nagar Palika 126,000 64,000 62,000 17,613 87.00
52 Ghazipur Ghazipur UA Nagar Palika 121,136 63,689 57,447 13,986 84.97
53 Sultanpur Sultanpur UA Nagar Palika 116,211 61,062 55,149 12,368 87.61
54 Azamgarh Azamgarh UA Nagar Palika 116,165 60,678 55,487 13,287 86.27
55 Bijnor Bijnor UA Nagar Palika 115,381 60,656 54,725 14,499 77.90
56 Sahaswan Budaun UA Nagar Palika 114,921 59,421 55,500 15,644 71.00
57 Basti Basti City Nagar Palika 114,651 60,126 54,525 12,568 85.29
58 Chandausi Sambhal City Nagar Palika 114,254 60,238 54,016 14,417 72.63
59 Akbarpur Ambedkar Nagar City Nagar Palika 111,594 57,560 54,034 14,037 76.94
60 Ballia Ballia UA Nagar Palika 111,287 59,340 51,947 11,522 86.65
61 Tanda Ambedkar Nagar UA Nagar Palika 109,539 55,946 53,593 16,147 69.25
62 Greater Noida Gautam Budh Nagar City Notified Area 107,676 58,662 49,014 15,517 86.54
63 Shikohabad Firozabad City Nagar Palika 107,300 57,017 50,283 12,956 81.68
64 Shamli Shamli City Nagar Palika 147,233 57,236 49,997 13,724 81.97
65 Khair Aligarh City Nagar Palika 102,106 54,335 48,771 13,386 71.44
66 Kasganj Kasganj City Nagar Palika 101,241 53,507 47,734 13,043 78.56
* UA=Urban agglomeration, CT=Census Town
See also[edit]
List of urban agglomerations in Uttar Pradesh
List of cities in Maharashtra
List of states and union territories of India by population
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "State division of Uttar Pradesh". Government of India. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Uttar Pradesh Population 2011". Government of India. 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ranking of States and Union territories by population size : 1991 and 2001" (PDF). Government of India (2001). Census of India. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Size, Growth rate and population distribution" (PDF). Government of India. 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Provisional Population Totals". Government of India. 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Brief history of census". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Decennil growth of population by census" (PDF). Government of India. Census of India (2011). Retrieved 5 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The state with large no. of people living below poverty line". Government of India. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "District Census 2011". Government of India. 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "List of cities with their population" (PDF). Government of India. 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Data Sheet on Key Gender Statistics". Government of India. 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
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United States courts of appeals
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This article is about the current system. For the pre-1912 system, see United States circuit court.
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The United States courts of appeals or circuit courts are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system.[1] A court of appeals decides appeals from the district courts within its federal judicial circuit, and in some instances from other designated federal courts and administrative agencies.
The United States courts of appeals are considered among the most powerful and influential courts in the United States. Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans, the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on U.S. law. Moreover, because the U.S. Supreme Court chooses to review fewer than 2% of the more than 7,000 to 8,000 cases filed with it annually,[2] the U.S. courts of appeals serve as the final arbiter on most federal cases. The Ninth Circuit in particular is very influential, covering 20% of the American population.
There are currently 179 judgeships on the U.S. courts of appeals authorized by Congress in 28 U.S.C. § 43 pursuant to Article III of the U.S. Constitution. These judges are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. They have lifetime tenure, earning (as of 2016) an annual salary of $215,400.[3]
There are thirteen U.S. courts of appeals, although there are other tribunals that have "Court of Appeals" in their titles, such as the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, which hears appeals in court-martial cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, which reviews final decisions by the Board of Veterans' Appeals in the Department of Veterans Affairs. The eleven numbered circuits and the D.C. Circuit are geographically defined. The thirteenth court of appeals is the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has nationwide jurisdiction over certain appeals based on their subject matter. All of the courts of appeals also hear appeals from some administrative agency decisions and rulemaking, with by far the largest share of these cases heard by the D.C. Circuit. The Federal Circuit hears appeals from specialized trial courts, primarily the United States Court of International Trade and the United States Court of Federal Claims, as well as appeals from the district courts in patent cases and certain other specialized matters.
Decisions of the U.S. courts of appeals have been published by the private company West Publishing in the Federal Reporter series since the courts were established. Only decisions that the courts designate for publication are included. The "unpublished" opinions (of all but the Fifth and Eleventh Circuits) are published separately in West's Federal Appendix, and they are also available in on-line databases like LexisNexis or Westlaw. More recently, court decisions have also been made available electronically on official court websites. However, there are also a few federal court decisions that are classified for national security reasons.
The circuit with the smallest number of appellate judges is the First Circuit, and the one with the largest number of appellate judges is the geographically large and populous Ninth Circuit in the Far West. The number of judges that the U.S. Congress has authorized for each circuit is set forth by law in 28 U.S.C. § 44, while the places where those judges must regularly sit to hear appeals are prescribed in 28 U.S.C. § 48.
Although the courts of appeals are frequently called "circuit courts", they should not be confused with the former United States circuit courts, which were active from 1789 to 1911, during the time when long-distance transportation was much less available, and which were primarily first-level federal trial courts that moved periodically from place to place in "circuits" in order to serve the dispersed population in towns and the smaller cities that existed then. The current "courts of appeals" system was established in the Judiciary Act of 1891, also known as the Evarts Act.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Procedure
2 Attorneys
3 Nomenclature
4 Judicial councils
5 Circuit composition
6 Circuit population
7 History
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Procedure[edit]
Because the courts of appeals possess only appellate jurisdiction, they do not hold trials. Only courts with original jurisdiction hold trials and thus determine punishments (in criminal cases) and remedies (in civil cases). Instead, appeals courts review decisions of trial courts for errors of law. Accordingly, an appeals court considers only the record (that is, the papers the parties filed and the transcripts and any exhibits from any trial) from the trial court, and the legal arguments of the parties. These arguments, which are presented in written form and can range in length from dozens to hundreds of pages, are known as briefs. Sometimes lawyers are permitted to add to their written briefs with oral arguments before the appeals judges. At such hearings, only the parties' lawyers speak to the court.
The rules that govern the procedure in the courts of appeals are the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. In a court of appeals, an appeal is almost always heard by a "panel" of three judges who are randomly selected from the available judges (including senior judges and judges temporarily assigned to the circuit). Some cases, however, receive an en banc hearing. Except in the Ninth Circuit Courts, the en banc court consists of all of the circuit judges who are on active status, but it does not include the senior or assigned judges (except that under some circumstances, a senior judge may participate in an en banc hearing when he or she participated at an earlier stage of the same case).
Many decades ago[when?], certain classes of federal court cases held the right of an automatic appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States. That is, one of the parties in the case could appeal a decision of a court of appeals to the Supreme Court, and it had to accept the case. The right of automatic appeal for most types of decisions of a court of appeals was ended by an Act of Congress, the Judiciary Act of 1925. This law was urged by Chief Justice William Howard Taft, and it also reorganized many other things in the federal court system.
The current procedure is that a party in a case may apply to the Supreme Court to review a ruling of the circuit court. This is called petitioning for a writ of certiorari, and the Supreme Court may choose, in its sole discretion, to review any lower court ruling. In extremely rare cases, the Supreme Court may grant the writ of certiorari before the judgment is rendered by the court of appeals, thereby reviewing the lower court's ruling directly. Certiorari before judgment was granted in the Watergate scandal-related case, United States v. Nixon,[5] and in the 2005 decision involving the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, United States v. Booker.[6]
A court of appeals may also pose questions to the Supreme Court for a ruling in the midst of reviewing a case. This procedure was formerly used somewhat commonly, but now it is quite rare[quantify]. The Second Circuit, sitting en banc, attempted to use this procedure in the case United States v. Penaranda, as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Blakely v. Washington,[7] but the Supreme Court dismissed the question after resolving the same issue in another case[which?], which had come before the Court through the standard procedure. The last instance of the Supreme Court accepting a set of questions and answering them was in a case[which?] in 1982.
A court of appeals may convene a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel to hear appeals in bankruptcy cases directly from the bankruptcy court of its circuit. As of 2008[update], only the First, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Circuits have established a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel. Those circuits that do not have a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel have their bankruptcy appeals heard by the District Court.[citation needed]
Courts of appeals decisions, unlike those of the lower federal courts, establish binding precedents. Other federal courts in that circuit must, from that point forward, follow the appeals court's guidance in similar cases, regardless of whether the trial judge thinks that the case should be decided differently.
Federal and state laws can and do change from time to time, depending on the actions of Congress and the state legislatures. Therefore, the law that exists at the time of the appeal might be different from the law that existed at the time of the events that are in controversy under civil or criminal law in the case at hand. A court of appeals applies the law as it exists at the time of the appeal; otherwise, it would be handing down decisions that would be instantly obsolete, and this would be a waste of time and resources, since such decisions could not be cited as precedent. "[A] court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision, unless doing so would result in manifest injustice, or there is statutory direction or some legislative history to the contrary."[8]
However, the above rule cannot apply in criminal cases if the effect of applying the newer law would be to create an ex post facto law to the detriment of the defendant.
Attorneys[edit]
In order to serve as counsel in a case appealed to a circuit court the attorney must be admitted to the bar of that circuit. Admission to the bar of a circuit court is granted as a matter of course to any attorney who is admitted to practice law in any state of the United States. The attorney submits an application, pays a fee, and takes the oath of admission. Local practice varies as to whether the oath is given in writing or in open court before a judge of the circuit, and most courts of appeals allow the applicant attorney to choose which method he or she prefers.
Nomenclature[edit]
When the courts of appeals were created in 1891, one was created for each of the nine circuits then existing, and each court was named the "United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit". When a court of appeals was created for the District of Columbia in 1893, it was named the "Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia", and it was renamed to the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia" in 1934. In 1948, Congress renamed all of the courts of appeals then existing to their current formal names: the court of appeals for each numbered circuit was named the "United States Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit", and the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia" became the "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit". The Tenth Circuit was created in 1929 by subdividing the existing Eighth Circuit, and the Eleventh Circuit was created in 1981 by subdividing the existing Fifth Circuit. The Federal Circuit was created in 1982 by the merger of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the appellate division of the United States Court of Claims.
Judicial councils[edit]
Main article: Judicial council (United States)
Judicial councils are panels in each circuit that are charged with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within their circuits.[9][10] Among their responsibilities is judicial discipline, the formulation of circuit policy, the implementation of policy directives received from the Judicial Conference of the United States, and the annual submission of a report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on the number and nature of orders entered during the year that relate to judicial misconduct.[9][11] Judicial councils consist of the chief judge of the circuit and an equal number of circuit judges and district judges of the circuit.[9][12]
Circuit composition[edit]
Map of the boundaries of the United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts
District of Columbia Circuit (Washington)
District of Columbia
First Circuit (Boston)
District of Maine
District of Massachusetts
District of New Hampshire
District of Puerto Rico
District of Rhode Island
Second Circuit (New York City)
District of Connecticut
Eastern District of New York
Northern District of New York
Southern District of New York
Western District of New York
District of Vermont
Third Circuit (Philadelphia)
District of Delaware
District of New Jersey
Eastern District of Pennsylvania
Middle District of Pennsylvania
Western District of Pennsylvania
District of the Virgin Islands[A]
Fourth Circuit (Richmond)
District of Maryland
Eastern District of North Carolina
Middle District of North Carolina
Western District of North Carolina
District of South Carolina
Eastern District of Virginia
Western District of Virginia
Northern District of West Virginia
Southern District of West Virginia
Fifth Circuit (New Orleans)
Eastern District of Louisiana
Middle District of Louisiana
Western District of Louisiana
Northern District of Mississippi
Southern District of Mississippi
Eastern District of Texas
Northern District of Texas
Southern District of Texas
Western District of Texas
Sixth Circuit (Cincinnati)
Eastern District of Kentucky
Western District of Kentucky
Eastern District of Michigan
Western District of Michigan
Northern District of Ohio
Southern District of Ohio
Eastern District of Tennessee
Middle District of Tennessee
Western District of Tennessee
Seventh Circuit (Chicago)
Central District of Illinois
Northern District of Illinois
Southern District of Illinois
Northern District of Indiana
Southern District of Indiana
Eastern District of Wisconsin
Western District of Wisconsin
Eighth Circuit (St. Louis)
Eastern District of Arkansas
Western District of Arkansas
Northern District of Iowa
Southern District of Iowa
District of Minnesota
Eastern District of Missouri
Western District of Missouri
District of Nebraska
District of North Dakota
District of South Dakota
Ninth Circuit (San Francisco)
District of Alaska
District of Arizona
Central District of California
Eastern District of California
Northern District of California
Southern District of California
District of Guam[A]
District of Hawaii
District of Idaho
District of Montana
District of Nevada
District of the Northern Mariana Islands[A]
District of Oregon
Eastern District of Washington
Western District of Washington
Tenth Circuit (Denver)
District of Colorado
District of Kansas
District of New Mexico
Eastern District of Oklahoma
Northern District of Oklahoma
Western District of Oklahoma
District of Utah
District of Wyoming
Eleventh Circuit (Atlanta)
Middle District of Alabama
Northern District of Alabama
Southern District of Alabama
Middle District of Florida
Northern District of Florida
Southern District of Florida
Middle District of Georgia
Northern District of Georgia
Southern District of Georgia
Federal Circuit (Washington)
Courts[B]
Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims[C]
Court of Federal Claims[C]
Court of International Trade
Administrative agencies
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals[D]
Patent Trial and Appeal Board[D]
Bureau of Justice Assistance[D]
Civilian Board of Contract Appeals[D]
International Trade Commission[D]
Merit Systems Protection Board[D]
Office of Compliance[E]
Personnel Appeals Board[D]
Trademark Trial and Appeal Board[D]

^ Jump up to: a b c These are article IV territorial courts and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
Jump up ^ The Federal Circuit also has appellate jurisdiction over certain claims filed in any district court.
^ Jump up to: a b These are article I tribunals and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h These are administrative bodies within the executive branch and are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
Jump up ^ This is an administrative body within the legislative branch are therefore not part of the federal judiciary.
Circuit population[edit]
Based on 2010 United States Census figures, the population residing in each circuit is as follows.
Circuit
Authorized judges
Population
Percentage of US population
Population per authorized judge
D.C. Circuit 7001110000000000000♠11 7005601723000000000♠601,723 6997190000000000000♠0.19% 7004547020000000000♠54,702
1st Circuit 7000600000000000000♠6 7007139708160000000♠13,970,816 6998446999999999999♠4.47% 7006232846900000000♠2,328,469
2nd Circuit 7001130000000000000♠13 7007235779400000000♠23,577,940 6998754000000000000♠7.54% 7006181368800000000♠1,813,688
3rd Circuit 7001140000000000000♠14 7007224986120000000♠22,498,612 6998719000000000000♠7.19% 7006160704400000000♠1,607,044
4th Circuit 7001150000000000000♠15 7007297884170000000♠29,788,417 6998951999999999999♠9.52% 7006198589400000000♠1,985,894
5th Circuit 7001170000000000000♠17 7007326462300000000♠32,646,230 6999104400000000000♠10.44% 7006192036600000000♠1,920,366
6th Circuit 7001160000000000000♠16 7007321056160000000♠32,105,616 6999102600000000000♠10.26% 7006200660100000000♠2,006,601
7th Circuit 7001110000000000000♠11 7007250014200000000♠25,001,420 6998799000000000000♠7.99% 7006227285600000000♠2,272,856
8th Circuit 7001110000000000000♠11 7007205682370000000♠20,568,237 6998658000000000000♠6.58% 7006186984000000000♠1,869,840
9th Circuit 7001290000000000000♠29 7007617429080000000♠61,742,908 6999197400000000000♠19.74% 7006212906600000000♠2,129,066
10th Circuit 7001120000000000000♠12 7007170203550000000♠17,020,355 6998544000000000000♠5.44% 7006141836300000000♠1,418,363
11th Circuit 7001120000000000000♠12 7007332686990000000♠33,268,699 6999106400000000000♠10.64% 7006277239200000000♠2,772,392
Federal Circuit[Note 1] 7001120000000000000♠12 N/A N/A N/A
Total
7002179000000000000♠179
7008312790973000000♠312,790,973
7000100000000000000♠100%
7006174743600000000♠1,747,436
History[edit]
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established three circuits, which were groups of judicial districts in which United States circuit courts were established. Each circuit court consisted of two Supreme Court justices and the local district judge; the three circuits existed solely for the purpose of assigning the justices to a group of circuit courts. Some districts (generally the ones most difficult for an itinerant justice to reach) did not have a circuit court; in these districts the district court exercised the original jurisdiction of a circuit court. As new states were admitted to the Union, Congress often did not create circuit courts for them for a number of years.
The Midnight Judges Act reorganized the districts into six circuits, and created circuit judgeships so that Supreme Court justices would no longer have to ride circuit. This Act, however, was repealed in March 1802, and Congress provided that the former circuit courts would be revived as of July 1 of that year. But it then passed the new Judiciary Act of 1802 in April, so that the revival of the old courts never took effect. The 1802 Act restored circuit riding, but with only one justice to a circuit; it therefore created six new circuits, but with slightly different compositions than the 1801 Act. These six circuits later were augmented by others. Until 1866, each new circuit (except the short-lived California Circuit) was accompanied by a newly created Supreme Court seat.
State
Judicial District(s) created
Circuit assignment(s)
New Hampshire 1789 Eastern, 1789–1801
1st, 1801–
Massachusetts 1789 Eastern, 1789–1801
1st, 1801–
Maine 1789[Note 2] Eastern, 1789–1801
1st, 1801–1820
1st, 1820–
Rhode Island 1790 Eastern, 1790–1801
1st, 1801–
Connecticut 1789 Eastern, 1789–1801
2nd, 1801–
New York 1789 Eastern, 1789–1801
2nd, 1801–
New Jersey 1789 Middle, 1789–1801
3rd, 1801–
Pennsylvania 1789 Middle, 1789–1801
3rd, 1801–
Delaware 1789 Middle, 1789–1801
3rd, 1801–1802
4th, 1802–1866
3rd, 1866–
Maryland 1789 Middle, 1789–1801
4th, 1801–
Virginia 1789 Middle, 1789–1801
4th, 1801–1802
5th, 1802–1842
4th, 1842–
Kentucky 1789[Note 3] 6th, 1801–1802
7th, 1807–1837
8th, 1837–1863
6th, 1863–
North Carolina 1790 Southern, 1790–1801
5th, 1801–1842
6th, 1842–1863
4th, 1863–
South Carolina 1789 Southern, 1789–1801
5th, 1801–1802
6th, 1802–1863
5th, 1863–1866
4th, 1866–
Georgia 1789 Southern, 1789–1801
5th, 1801–1802
6th, 1802–1863
5th, 1863–1981
11th, 1981–
Vermont 1791 Eastern, 1791–1801
2nd, 1801–
Tennessee 1796 6th, 1801–1802
7th, 1807–1837
8th, 1837–1863
6th, 1863–
Ohio 1801 (abolished 1802)[Note 4] 6th, 1801–1802
Ohio 1803 7th, 1807–1866
6th, 1866–
Louisiana 1812 9th, 1837–1842 (Eastern District)
5th, 1842–1863
6th, 1863–1866
5th, 1866–
Indiana 1816 7th, 1837–
Mississippi 1817 9th, 1837–1863
5th, 1863–
Illinois 1818 7th, 1837–1863
8th, 1863–1866
7th, 1866–
Alabama 1819 9th, 1837–1842
5th, 1842–1981
11th, 1981–
Missouri 1821 8th, 1837–1863
9th, 1863–1866
8th, 1866–
Arkansas 1836 9th, 1837–1851
9th, 1851–1863 (Eastern District)
6th, 1863–1866 (Eastern District)
8th, 1866–
Michigan 1837 7th, 1837–1863
8th, 1863–1866
6th, 1866–
Florida 1845 5th, 1863–1981
11th, 1981–
Texas 1845 6th, 1863–1866
5th, 1866–
Iowa 1846 9th, 1863–1866
8th, 1866–
Wisconsin 1848 8th, 1863–1866
7th, 1866–
California 1850 California Circuit, 1855–1863
10th, 1863–1866
9th, 1866–
Minnesota 1858 9th, 1863–1866
8th, 1866–
Oregon 1859 10th, 1863–1866
9th, 1866–
Kansas 1861 9th, 1863–1866
8th, 1866–1929
10th, 1929–
West Virginia 1863 4th, 1863–
Nevada 1864 9th, 1866–
Nebraska 1867 8th, 1867–
Colorado 1876 8th, 1876–1929
10th, 1929–
North Dakota 1889 8th, 1889–
South Dakota 1889 8th, 1889–
Montana 1889 9th, 1889–
Washington 1889 9th, 1889–
Idaho 1890 9th, 1890–
Wyoming 1890 8th, 1890–1929
10th, 1929–
Utah 1896 8th, 1896–1929
10th, 1929–
Oklahoma 1907 8th, 1907–1929
10th, 1929–
New Mexico 1912 8th, 1912–1929
10th, 1929–
Arizona 1912 9th, 1912–
District of Columbia 1948[Note 5] District of Columbia Circuit, 1948–
Alaska 1959 9th, 1959–
Hawaii 1959 9th, 1959–
Puerto Rico 1966[Note 6] 1st, 1966–
Guam
Virgin Islands
Philippines 1898[Note 7]
Panama Canal Zone[Note 8]
See also[edit]
List of United States courts of appeals cases
State supreme court
Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Federal Circuit's jurisdiction is not based on geography; rather, the Federal Circuit has jurisdiction over the entire United States, for certain classes of cases.
Jump up ^ The Judiciary Act of 1789 divided Massachusetts into the Maine District, comprising what is now the State of Maine, and the Massachusetts District, comprising the remainder of the state.
Jump up ^ The Judiciary Act of 1789 divided Virginia into the Kentucky District, comprising what is now the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and the Virginia District, comprising the remainder of the state.
Jump up ^ The first District of Ohio encompassed the Northwest and Indiana Territories.
Jump up ^ The pre-existing courts of the District of Columbia were elevated to United States district court and court of appeals status in 1948. The courts of the District had been incorporated into the Federal Court System by the Judiciary Act of 1925.
Jump up ^ The pre-existing territorial district court of Puerto Rico was elevated to United States district court status. Appellate jurisdiction from the Puerto Rico courts was assigned to the 1st Circuit in 1915.
Jump up ^ There were U.S. Federal Courts in the Philippines following the Spanish–American War of 1898 up through the granting of independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946—with the exception of the Philippine occupation by the Japanese Army in 1942–45.
Jump up ^ There were formerly U.S. Federal Courts in the Panama Canal Zone, until that Zone was returned to Panama by treaty on December 31, 1999.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 28 U.S.C. § 43 provides that "There shall be in each circuit a court of appeals, which shall be a court of record, known as the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit".
Jump up ^ U.S. Supreme Court FAQ Retrieved 7 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Judicial Compensation U.S. Courts. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
Jump up ^ The U.S. Courts of Appeals and the Federal Judiciary, History of the Federal Judiciary, Federal Judicial Center (last visited March 5, 2014).
Jump up ^ United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974)
Jump up ^ United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005)
Jump up ^ Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004)
Jump up ^ Bradley v. Richmond Sch. Bd., 416 U.S. 696, 711-12 (1974)
^ Jump up to: a b c Barbour, Emily C. (April 7, 2011), Judicial Discipline Process: An Overview (PDF), Congressional Research Service
Jump up ^ 28 U.S.C. § 332
Jump up ^ 28 U.S.C. § 332(g)
Jump up ^ 28 U.S.C. § 332(1)(a)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States courts of appeals.
Info about U.S. courts
History of the Federal Judiciary (Federal Judicial Center)
Official site of the United States Courts
United States Appeals Courts @ OpenJurist
Federal Court Concepts, Georgia Tech
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_courts_of_appeals&oldid=824314132"
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