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2017 California wildfires
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2017 California wildfires
Smoke from the Alamo and Whittier fires during the 2017 California fire season, on July 8, 2017.
Statistics[1]
Total fires
9,133
Total area
1,381,405 acres (5,590.35 km2)
Cost
>$13.028 billion (2017 USD)[2][3][4]
Fatalities
1 firefighter, 45 civilians
Non-fatal injuries
12 firefighters, 199 civilians
Season
← 2016
2018 →
The 2017 California wildfire season was the most destructive one on record,[2] which saw multiple wildfires burning across California. A total of 9,133 fires burned 1,381,405 acres (5,590.35 km2), according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, including five of the 20 most destructive wildland-urban interface fires in the state's history.[1]
Throughout the early months of 2017, there was significant rainfall over most of California, which triggered widespread flooding, thus temporarily mitigating the state's severe drought conditions. However, according to a report published by the National Interagency Fire Center, the potential for large fires was "expected to remain near normal through the spring, but once fine fuels dry out, there will likely be a spike in grass fire activity.”[5]
In October 2017, 250 wildfires ignited across Northern California, burning over 245,000 acres (990 km2), and causing more than $9.4 billion (2017) in insured property losses, becoming the costliest group of wildfires on record.[6][2][7] It will take at least several months, and likely years to fully recover from the devastating wildfires that ripped through Northern California in October, which destroyed at least 8,900 structures and killed 44 people, according to Sonoma County officials.[8] In addition, the Northern California fires hospitalized or injured at least 192 other people.[9][10]
In December 2017, strong Santa Ana winds triggered a new round of wildfires, including the massive Thomas Fire in Ventura County.[11][12] The December 2017 fires forced over 230,000 people to evacuate, with the 6 largest fires burning over 307,900 acres (1,246 km2) and more than 1,300 structures.[13][14]
During the year, 5 of the 20 most destructive wildfires in the state's history burned between October and December: #1 Tubbs, #6 Nuns, #7 Thomas, #11 Atlas, and #17 Redwood Valley Complex.[15] On December 8, AccuWeather predicted that the total economic toll of the 2017 California wildfire season will reach at least $180 billion (2017 USD).[4]
In 2014, a study found a human fingerprint in growing California wildfire risks.[16] The paper is titled “Extreme fire season in California: A glimpse into the future?” It was published as the second chapter of “Explaining Extreme Events of 2014”, by the American Meteorological Society.[17] The authors also projected into the future, and the predicted results showed increases in the drought index, the area under extreme threat of fires, and the days of fire danger, stating that, "The increase in extreme fire risk is expected within the coming decade to exceed that of natural variability and this serves as an indication that anthropogenic climate warming will likely play a significant role in influence California’s fire season."[17]
Contents
[hide]
1 Wildfire maps
2 Wildfires
3 October Northern California wildfires
4 December Southern California wildfires
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Wildfire maps[edit]
Map of the 2017 California wildfires. The symbology of this map shows each satellite heat detection as a dot. The dots may not reflect the actual perimeter of the fires.
The 2017 Northern California wildfires, from January 1 to October 11
This section contains a map of the locations and burn areas of the fires that occurred during the largest outbreaks of the season. The burn areas of some major fires are included in some of the maps.
[Full screen]
Location of the California wildfires in October 2017
[Full screen]
Location of the California wildfires in December 2017
Wildfires[edit]
Name
County
Acres
Start Date
Containment Date
Status
Notes
Ref
Jayne Fresno 5,738 April 20, 2017 April 21, 2017 Contained [18]
Opera Riverside 1,350 April 30, 2017 May 2, 2017 Contained [19]
Elm Fresno 10,345 May 18, 2017 May 21, 2017 Contained [20]
Gate San Diego 2,056 May 20, 2017 May 23, 2017 Contained [21]
Oakwood Madera 1,431 June 10, 2017 June 13, 2017 Contained [22]
Highway Kern 1,522 June 18, 2017 June 28, 2017 Contained [23]
Holcomb San Bernardino 1,503 June 19, 2017 June 29, 2017 Contained [24]
Schaeffer Tulare 16,031 June 24, 2017 August 10, 2017 Contained [25]
Salmon August Complex Siskiyou 65,888 June 25, 2017 December 8, 2017 Contained [26][27]
Manzanita Riverside 6,309 June 26, 2017 June 30, 2017 Contained [28]
Hill San Luis Obispo 1,598 June 26, 2017 June 30, 2017 Contained 50 homes destroyed [29]
Winters Yolo 2,269 July 6, 2017 July 12, 2017 Contained [30]
Alamo San Luis Obispo 28,687 July 6, 2017 July 19, 2017 Contained 1 home destroyed, 1 damaged [31]
Wall Butte 6,033 July 7, 2017 July 17, 2017 Contained 41 homes, 48 outbuildings destroyed, 10 damaged [32]
Whittier Santa Barbara 18,430 July 8, 2017 October 5, 2017 Contained 16 homes, 30 outbuildings destroyed, 7 damaged [33]
Parkfield Monterey 1,816 July 8, 2017 July 11, 2017 Contained [34]
Garza Fresno 48,889 July 9, 2017 July 21, 2017 Contained 1 structure destroyed [35]
Long Valley Lassen 83,733 July 11, 2017 July 21, 2017 Contained [36]
Detwiler Mariposa 81,826 July 16, 2017 August 24, 2017 Contained 63 homes, 68 structures destroyed (131 total), 21 damaged [37]
Modoc July Complex Modoc 83,120 July 24, 2017 August 16, 2017 Contained [38]
Orleans Complex Siskiyou 27,276 July 25, 2017 September 26, 2017 Contained [39]
Empire Mariposa 6,370 August 1, 2017 November 27, 2017 Contained [40]
Parker 2 Modoc 7,697 August 3, 2017 August 29, 2017 Contained [41]
Young Siskiyou 2,500 August 7, 2017 August 28, 2017 Merged into the Eclipse Complex's Oak fire [42]
South Fork Mariposa 7,000 August 13, 2017 November 27, 2017 Contained [43]
Blaine Riverside 1,044 August 13, 2017 August 16, 2017 Contained [44]
Eclipse Complex Siskiyou 78,698 August 15, 2017 November 29, 2017 Contained [45]
Pier Tulare 36,556 August 29, 2017 November 29, 2017 Contained [46]
Railroad Madera 12,407 August 29, 2017 October 24, 2017 Contained 5 homes, 9 structures destroyed [47]
Ponderosa Butte 4,016 August 29, 2017 September 9, 2017 Contained 32 homes, 22 outbuildings, 15 damaged [48]
Mud Lassen 6,042 August 29, 2017 September 1, 2017 Contained [49]
Slinkard Mono 8,925 August 29, 2017 September 12, 2017 Contained [50]
Helena Trinity 21,846 August 30, 2017 November 15, 2017 Contained 133 structures destroyed [51]
La Tuna Los Angeles 7,194 September 1, 2017 September 9, 2017 Contained 5 homes, 5 structures destroyed [52]
Palmer Riverside 3,874 September 2, 2017 September 6, 2017 Contained [53]
Mission Madera 1,035 September 3, 2017 September 13, 2017 Contained 4 structures destroyed [54]
Buck Trinity 13,417 September 12, 2017 November 20, 2017 Contained [55]
Lion Tulare 18,900 September 24, 2017 December 2, 2017 Contained [56]
Canyon Riverside 2,662 September 25, 2017 October 4, 2017 Contained 6 structures damaged [57]
Cherokee Butte 8,417 October 8, 2017 October 16, 2017 Contained [58]
Atlas Napa/Solano 51,624 October 8, 2017 October 31, 2017 Contained 6 fatalities, 785 structures destroyed, 40 damaged [59]
Tubbs Napa/Sonoma 36,807 October 8, 2017 October 31, 2017 Contained 22 fatalities, 1 injured, 5,643 structures destroyed [60]
Nuns Sonoma 56,556 October 8, 2017 October 30, 2017 Contained Merged with the Norrbom, Adobe, Partrick, Pressley, and Oakmont Fires. 3 fatalities, 1,200 structures destroyed [61]
Redwood Valley Complex Mendocino 36,523 October 8, 2017 October 28, 2017 Contained 9 fatalities, 43 injured, 545 structures destroyed [62][63]
La Porte Butte 6,151 October 9, 2017 October 18, 2017 Contained [64]
Cascade Yuba 9,989 October 9, 2017 October 18, 2017 Contained 4 fatalities, 143 residential, 123 outbuildings destroyed [65]
Sulphur Lake 2,207 October 9, 2017 October 26, 2017 Contained 150 structures destroyed [66]
Canyon 2 Orange 9,217 October 9, 2017 October 18, 2017 Contained 25 structures destroyed, 55 structures damaged [67]
37 Sonoma 1,660 October 9, 2017 October 13, 2017 Contained [6]
Pocket Sonoma 17,357 October 9, 2017 October 31, 2017 Contained [68]
Lobo Nevada 821 October 9, 2017 October 18, 2017 Contained At least 30 structures destroyed [69]
Bear Santa Cruz 391 October 16, 2017 October 27, 2017 Contained 7 injuries, 4 structures destroyed [10]
Buffalo San Diego 1,088 October 17, 2017 November 14, 2017 Contained [70]
Tank Kern 50 October 25, 2017 October 27, 2017 Contained [71]
Wildomar Riverside 866 October 27, 2017 October 29, 2017 Contained [72]
Thomas Ventura 281,893 December 4, 2017 January 12, 2018 Contained 1,063 structures destroyed, 280 structures damaged, 2 firefighters injured, 1 firefighter and 1 civilian killed [11][73][74][75][76]
Creek Los Angeles 15,619 December 5, 2017 January 9, 2018 Contained 123 buildings destroyed, 81 buildings damaged, 3 firefighters injured [77][78][79]
Rye Los Angeles 6,049 December 5, 2017 December 12, 2017 Contained 6 buildings destroyed, 3 structures damaged, 1 firefighter injured [80][11][81]
Little Mountain San Bernardino 260 December 5, 2017 December 7, 2017 Contained 3 injuries [82][83][84][85]
Skirball Los Angeles 422 December 6, 2017 December 15, 2017 Contained 6 structures destroyed, 12 structures damaged, 3 firefighters injured [86][87][88]
Lilac San Diego 4,100 December 7, 2017 December 16, 2017 Contained 157 structures destroyed, 64 structures damaged, 3 firefighters and 4 civilians injured [89][90]
Liberty Riverside 300 December 7, 2017 December 9, 2017 Contained 7 structures destroyed [91][92]
Range 219 San Diego 100 December 15, 2017 December 15, 2017 Contained [93]
October Northern California wildfires[edit]
Main article: October 2017 Northern California wildfires
During the month of October, a series of wildfires broke out throughout Napa, Lake, Sonoma, Mendocino, and Butte counties during severe fire weather conditions, effectively leading to a major red flag warning from much of the northern California area. In the extreme conditions, shortly after the fires ignited, they rapidly grew to become massive conflagrations spanning from 1,000 to well over 20,000 acres apart within a single day.[94] In addition, the fires have destroyed an estimated 8,900+ structures, and killed at least 44 people.[8] The fires burned over 245,000 acres (99,148 ha) of land,[6] and forced over 20,000 people to evacuate.[95][96]
December Southern California wildfires[edit]
Main article: December 2017 Southern California wildfires
Multiple wildfires ignited in December across Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Ventura, San Diego, Riverside, Santa Barbara Counties. The fires were exacerbated by unusually powerful and long-lasting Santa Ana winds,[97] as well as large amounts of dry vegetation grown, due to large amounts of precipitation earlier in the year. The fires burned over 307,900 acres (1,246 km2), and caused traffic disruptions, school closures, hazardous air conditions, and massive power outages. California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in Ventura and Los Angeles Counties,[98] and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti declared a state of emergency for the city.[99] The largest fire was the Thomas Fire, which grew to 281,893 acres, becoming California's largest modern wildfire.[100][101][102][103][104]
See also[edit]
List of California wildfires
May 2014 San Diego County wildfires
2008 California wildfires
October 2007 California wildfires
2017 California floods
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "2017 Fire Statistics". CAL FIRE. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dale Kasler (December 8, 2017). "Wine country wildfire costs now top $9 billion, costliest in California history". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ David Downey (December 8, 2017). "California keeps going over budget as costs of fighting wildfires continue to increase". Redlands Daily Facts. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "AccuWeather predicts 2017 California wildfire season cost to rise to $180 billion". AccuWeather. December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Saunders, Doug (April 7, 2016). "How will rainy winter affect fire season? More summer grass fires, officials predict". The Press-Enterprise. The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "California Statewide Fire Summary". CAL FIRE. State of California. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jonathan J. Cooper (December 7, 2017). "October's Wine Country Fires Were the Costliest Ever". TIME Money. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Emslie, Alex (29 November 2017). "October Fires' 44th Victim: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With 'the Kindest Heart'". KQED News. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hospitals say at least 185 treated for injuries". Wilx10 News. October 10, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bear Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Madison Park and Cheri Mossberg (December 5, 2017). "'Fire is still out of control' as massive blaze forces thousands to evacuate". CNN. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Susan Abram (December 6, 2017). "Wildfires raging in Southern California cap most destructive season in state history. Here's why it's so bad". Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Morgan Winsor; Mark Osborne (December 9, 2017). "Firefighters taming Southern California wildfires as Gov. Brown warns of state's 'new reality'". ABCNews. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Southern California wildfires still burning as Donald Trump issues federal emergency declaration". ABC News. December 9, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires" (PDF). CalFire. December 21, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New research finds that global warming is intensifying wildfires". December 3, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Yoon, J., B. Kravitz, P.J. Rasch, S. Simon Wang, R.R. Gillies, and L. Hipps, 2015: Extreme Fire Season in California: A Glimpse Into the Future?. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, S5–S9, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00114.1
Jump up ^ "Jayne Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Opera Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Elm Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gate Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oakwood Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Highway Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Holcomb Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Schaeffer Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Salmon August Complex Fire". InciWeb. December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Salmon-August Complex". CalFire. October 6, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Manzanita Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hill Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Winters Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alamo Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wall Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Whittier Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Parkfield Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Garza Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Long Valley Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Detwiler Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Modoc July Complex Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Orleans Complex Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Empire Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Parker 2 Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Young Fire". InciWeb. August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "South Fork Fire". InciWeb. November 27, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Blaine Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Eclipse Complex Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pier Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Railroad Fire". InciWeb. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pier Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mud Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Slinkard Fire". InciWeb. September 12, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Helena Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "La Tuna fire 100 percent contained, LAFD says". September 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Palmer Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mission Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Buck Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lion Fire". InciWeb. December 2, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canyon Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cherokee Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Atlas Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tubbs Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nuns Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Redwood Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Peter Fimrite & Kurtis Alexander, 17-year-old dies of burns, becomes 43rd victim of California wildfires, San Francisco Chronicle (October 30, 2017).
Jump up ^ "La Porte Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cascade Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sulphur Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canyon 2 Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pocket Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lobo Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Buffalo Fire". CAL FIRE. November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tank Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wildomar Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Deadly Thomas Fire in Ventura County explodes to 31,000 acres overnight, 150 structures burned". Fox5News. December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Fire". CalFire. December 27, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Incident Summary: Thomas Fire". Ready Ventura County. December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Eliott C. McLaughlin; Nicole Chavez; Paul Vercammen; Steve Aimasy (December 8, 2017). "California fires: Two people burned in new blaze". CNN. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Shelby Grad (December 5, 2017). "Fast-moving Creek fire threatens homes in Sylmar area, burns 1,000 acres". Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "1,000-acre brush fire burning in Kagel Canyon near Sylmar". ABC7.com. December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Creek Fire". CalFire. December 21, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATE: Rye Fire now at 1,000 acres and moving west #RyeFire". The Signal. December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rye Fire". CalFire. December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Valenzuela, Beatriz E. (2017-12-06). "Little Mountain fire in San Bernardino is 50 percent contained; firefighters fear tonight's winds". San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Serna, Joseph; Reyes-Velarde, Alejandra (2017-12-05). "3 burned in wind-driven fire that's growing in San Bernardino County, officials say". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Hagen, Ryan; Whitehead, Brian (2017-12-05). "Little Mountain fire in San Bernardino forces evacuations, freeway closures". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Little Mountain Fire". CalFire. December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Etehad, Melissa; Nelson, Laura J.; Kohli, Sonali (2017-12-06). "Several homes burning in Bel-Air as fire closes the 405 Freeway and forces evacuations". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Margaret Stewart (December 9, 2017). "Skirball Fire Update". Los Angeles Fire Department. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Skirball fire in LA 100 percent contained". Los Angeles Daily News. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lyndsay Winkely (December 7, 2017). "Lilac fire off Interstate 15 chars at least 100 acres, destroys 2 structures". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lilac Fire". CalFire. December 16, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ April Newman (December 7, 2017). "Liberty Fire Incident Information Fact Sheet". Riverside County Fire Department. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Liberty Fire Alert". Murrieta.gov. December 9, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kristina Houck (December 15, 2017). "Brush Fire Burns 100 Acres On Camp Pendleton". San Diego Patch. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ellis, Ralph; Sterling, Joe; Murphy, Paul; McLaughlin, Elliot (October 9, 2017). "Fast-moving wildfires kill 10, spur evacuations in Northern California". CNN. CNN. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Allen, Karma (2017-10-11). "At least 21 dead in horrific California wildfires, hundreds missing". ABC News. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ Kohli, Sonali; Sahagun, Louis; John, Paige St; Agrawal, Nina; Megerian, Chris (2017-10-12). "Death toll climbs to 29 as crews begin grim search among ashes of wine country fires". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Laura J.; Hamilton, Matt; Tchekmedyian, Alene (2017-12-06). "Santa Ana winds roar through Southern California, whipping fires on destructive path". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Yee, Christopher (2017-12-06). "State of emergency declared for Los Angeles County as Creek, Rye fires continue to burn". The Mercury News. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ "L.A. Declares Emergency as 200K Evacuate SoCal Wildfires". The Daily Beast. 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Berman, Mark; Rosenberg, Eli (2017-12-06). "Ferocious wildfires rage across Southern California as new fire breaks out in Los Angeles". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Berke, Jeremy; Logan, Bryan (2017-12-06). "Schools and freeways closed, thousands of people forced to flee as multiple wildfires tear through Southern California". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Jones, Judson; Criss, Doug (2017-12-06). "A look at the California wildfires' jaw-dropping numbers". CNN. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Fuller, Thomas (2017-12-06). "California Today: Outlier Fires Are Becoming the Norm". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
Jump up ^ Woodyard, Chris (2017-12-06). "New brush fire sets homes ablaze in Los Angeles' toniest neighborhoods". USA Today. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2017 wildfires in California.
2017 Statewide Fire Map, Google
2017 California fires information - CalFire
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October 2017 wildfires
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text:
End of World War II in Asia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The end of World War II in Asia occurred on 14 and 15 August 1945, when armed forces of the Empire of Japan surrendered to the forces of the Allies. The surrender came over three months after the surrender of the Axis forces in Europe and brought an end to World War II.
Contents
[hide]
1 Prelude
2 Final stages
3 Aftermath
3.1 Thailand (Siam)
3.2 Occupation of Japan
3.3 International Military Tribunal for the Far East
4 See also
5 References
Prelude[edit]
See also: End of World War II in Europe
November 28, 1943 – Tehran Conference – Soviet Union agrees to invade Japan "after the defeat of Germany" – commence stockpiling resources in the Far East.
February 4, 1945 – Yalta Conference – Soviet Union agrees to invade Japan within 3 months of German surrender.
April 5, 1945 – Soviet Union denounces the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact that had been signed on April 13, 1941.
April 29, 1945 - Italian Fascist Republican troops, under Rodolfo Graziani's command, surrender in the "Rendition of Cazerta".
May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders
July 16, 1945 – Potsdam Conference.
July 26, 1945 – Potsdam Declaration to Japan demanding unconditional surrender.
Final stages[edit]
See also: Pacific War § Final stages, Burma Campaign § Final operations, and Victory over Japan Day
August 3, 1945 – Soviet General Vasilevskii reported to Stalin that Soviet forces ready for invasion from August 7.
August 6, 1945 – An atomic bomb, Little Boy, dropped on Hiroshima from a special B-29 Superfortress named Enola Gay, flown by Col. Paul Tibbets. It is the first use of atomic weapons in combat. (Atomic bombing of Hiroshima)
August 8, 1945 – The Soviet Union declares war on Japan against the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact.
August 9, 1945 – Second, and more powerful plutonium implosion atomic bomb, Fat Man, is dropped on Nagasaki from a different Silverplate B-29 named Bockscar, flown by Maj. Charles Sweeney (Atomic bombing of Nagasaki)
August 9, 1945 – Soviet Armies launch the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.
August 10, 1945 – The 38th Parallel is set as the delineation between the Soviet and US occupation zones in Korea.
August 14, 1945 (at noon JST on August 15, 1945) – Emperor Shōwa's decree to accept the Potsdam Declaration announced over radio.
August 14, 1945 – General Douglas MacArthur is appointed to head the occupation forces in Japan.
August 16, 1945 – Gen. Jonathan Wainwright, a POW since May 6, 1942 following the surrender of U.S. forces in the Philippines under his command, is released from a POW camp in Manchuria.
August 17, 1945 – Japanese IGHQ issues formal cease-fire in Manchuria.
August 17, 1945 – General MacArthur issues General Order No. 1.
August 18, 1945 – Soviet Army invades Karafuto on southern Sakhalin Island.
August 18, 1945 – Soviet amphibious landings in northern Korea.
August 18, 1945 – Japanese pilots attack two Consolidated B-32 Dominators of the 386th Bomb Squadron, 312th Bomb Group, on a photo reconnaissance mission over Japan. Sgt. Anthony Marchione, 19, a photographer's assistant on the B-32 Hobo Queen II, was fatally wounded in the attack. Marchione would be the last American killed in air combat in the Second World War.
August 18, 1945 – Soviet invasion of the Kuril Islands begins with amphibious landings on Shumshu.[1]
August 19, 1945 – Kwantung Army HQ transmit capitulation order to Japanese troops in Manchuria.
August 23, 1945 – Last Japanese troops on Shumshu surrender to Soviet forces.[2]
August 25, 1945 – Japanese surrender in Karafuto (south Sakhalin Island).
August 27, 1945 – B-29s drop supplies to Allied POWs in China.
August 29, 1945 – The Soviets shoot down a B-29 Superfortress dropping supplies to POWs in Korea
August 29, 1945 – U.S. troops land near Tokyo to begin the occupation of Japan by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
August 30, 1945 – The United Kingdom reoccupies Hong Kong.
September 2, 1945 – Formal Japanese surrender ceremony aboard USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay; U.S. President Harry S. Truman declares VJ Day.
Aftermath[edit]
See also: South East Asia Command § Post–World War II
September 2, 1945 – The Japanese garrison in Penang surrenders, while the British retake Penang under Operation Jurist.
September 3, 1945 – The Japanese commander in the Philippines, Gen. Yamashita, surrenders to Gen. Wainwright at Baguio.
September 4, 1945 – Japanese troops on Wake Island surrender.
September 5, 1945 – The British land in Singapore.
September 5, 1945 – The Soviets complete their occupation of the Kuril Islands.[3]
September 6, 1945 - Japanese forces in Rabaul surrender.
September 8, 1945 – MacArthur enters Tokyo.
September 8, 1945 – U.S. forces land at Incheon to occupy Korea south of the 38th Parallel
September 9, 1945 – Japanese in China surrender.
September 9, 1945 – Japanese in Korea surrender.
September 10, 1945 - Japanese in Labuan surrender.
September 11, 1945 - Japanese in Sarawak surrender.
September 12, 1945 - Japanese in Singapore surrender.
September 13, 1945 – Japanese in Burma surrender.
September 14, 1945 - Japanese in Celebes surrender.
September 16, 1945 - Japanese in Hong Kong formally surrender.
October 25, 1945 – Japanese in Taiwan surrender to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as part of General Order No. 1, which later led to the ambiguous and unresolved political status of Taiwan.
Thailand (Siam)[edit]
After Japan's defeat in 1945, with the help of Seri Thai, Thailand was treated as a defeated country by the British and French, although American support mitigated the Allied terms. Thailand was not occupied by the Allies, but it was forced to return the territory it had regained to the British and the French. In the postwar period Thailand had relations with the United States, which it saw as a protector from the communist revolutions in neighbouring countries.[citation needed]
Occupation of Japan[edit]
At the end of World War II, Japan was occupied by the Allied Powers, led by the United States with contributions also from Australia, India, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. This foreign presence marked the first time in its history that the island nation had been occupied by a foreign power.[4] The San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, marked the end of the Allied occupation, and after it came into force on April 28, 1952, Japan was once again an independent country.
International Military Tribunal for the Far East[edit]
During the occupation leading Japanese war crime charges were reserved for those who participated in a joint conspiracy to start and wage war, and were brought against those in the highest decision-making bodies; "Class B" crimes were reserved for those who committed "conventional" atrocities or crimes against humanity; "Class C" crimes were reserved for those in "the planning, ordering, authorization, or failure to prevent such transgressions at higher levels in the command structure."
Twenty-eight Japanese military and political leaders were charged with Class A crimes, and more than 5,700 Japanese nationals were charged with Class B and C crimes, mostly entailing prisoner abuse. China held 13 tribunals of its own, resulting in 504 convictions and 149 executions.
The Japanese Emperor Hirohito and all members of the imperial family such as Prince Asaka, were not prosecuted for involvement in any the three categories of crimes. Herbert Bix explains that "the Truman administration and General MacArthur both believed the occupation reforms would be implemented smoothly if they used Hirohito to legitimise their changes."[5] As many as 50 suspects, such as Nobusuke Kishi, who later became Prime Minister, and Yoshisuke Aikawa, head of the zaibatsu Nissan, and future leader of the Chuseiren,[clarification needed] were charged but released without ever being brought to trial in 1947 and 1948. Shiro Ishii received immunity in exchange for data gathered from his experiments on live prisoners. The lone dissenting judge to exonerate all indictees was Indian jurist Radhabinod Pal.
The tribunal was adjourned on 12 November 1948.
See also[edit]
Timeline of Axis surrenders in World War II
Japanese holdout
Aftermath of World War II
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 30-31.
Jump up ^ Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, p. 31.
Jump up ^ Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 33, 34.
Jump up ^ The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: Japan, 1900 a.d.–present". Retrieved 2009-02-01.
Jump up ^ https://www.harpercollins.com/authors/13941
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia&oldid=808313296"
Categories:
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World War II operations and battles of the Southeast Asia Theatre
South West Pacific theatre of World War II
Japanese home islands campaign
Chronology of World War II
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text:
The Very Hungry Caterpillar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Very Hungry Caterpillar
Front cover illustration
Author
Eric Carle
Illustrator
Eric Carle
Cover artist
Carle
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Children's literature (Children's picture book)
Publisher
World Publishing Company (US)
Hamish Hamilton (UK)
Publication date
June 3, 1969
Media type
Hardcover, Board book
Pages
22bv
ISBN
0-399-22690-7 (US)
OCLC
21134403
The Very Hungry Caterpillar is a children's picture book designed, illustrated, and written by Eric Carle, first published by the World Publishing Company in 1969, later published by Penguin Putnam.[1] It features a caterpillar who eats its way through a wide variety of foodstuffs before pupating and emerging as a butterfly. The winner of many children's literature awards and a major graphic design award,[2] it has sold 30 million copies worldwide.[3] It has been described as having sold the equivalent of a copy per minute since its publication.[4] It has been described as "one of the greatest childhood classics of all time."[5] It was voted the number two children's picture book in a 2012 survey of School Library Journal readers.[6]
The Very Hungry Caterpillar uses distinctive collage illustrations (Carle's third book, and a new style at the time), 'eaten' holes in the pages and simple text with educational themes – counting, the days of the week, foods, and a butterfly's life stages. There have been a large number of related books and other products, including educational tools, created in connection to the book. The caterpillar's diet is fictional rather than scientifically accurate, but the book introduces concepts of Lepidoptera life stages where transformations take place including the ultimate metamorphosis from 'hungry caterpillar' to 'beautiful butterfly', and it has been endorsed by the Royal Entomological Society.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Development
3 Awards and accolades
4 Educational and cultural influence
5 UK releases
5.1 VHS
5.2 DVD
6 Ancillary products
7 In popular culture
8 References
9 External links
Synopsis[edit]
One Sunday morning, a red-faced caterpillar hatches from an egg, and begins to look for some food. He eats through increasing quantities of fruit on the following five days, one apple on Monday, two pears on Tuesday, three plums on Wednesday, four strawberries on Thursday, and five oranges on Friday, and then, on Saturday, he has an enormous feast with one piece of chocolate cake, one ice-cream cone, one pickle, one slice of Swiss cheese, one slice of salami, one lollipop, one piece of cherry pie, one sausage, one cupcake, and one slice of watermelon. By the end of Saturday, the inevitable happens and the caterpillar gets ill with a stomach ache from over eating too much. On Sunday, he recovers from a stomach-ache and returns to a more sensible diet by eating through a large green leaf before spinning a cocoon in which he remains for the following two weeks. Later, the "big fat caterpillar" emerges as a beautiful butterfly with large, gorgeous, multi-coloured wings.
Development[edit]
In a sense the book was inspired by a hole punch: "One day I was punching holes with a hole puncher into a stack of paper, and I thought of a bookworm and so I created a story called A Week with Willi the Worm."[7] Carle was familiar with "differently shaped pages" from books that he read as a child in Germany.[8]
A Week with Willi the Worm featured a bookworm named Willi. But Carle's editor Ann Beneduce advised that a green worm would not make a likeable protagonist.[8][9] "Then my editor suggested a caterpillar instead and I said 'Butterfly!' That's how it began," Carle recalls.[7]
The differently shaped pages with holes representing the caterpillar's trail through foodstuffs were a challenge. No US printer could do the work economically but Beneduce found one in Japan.[8]
Awards and accolades[edit]
The book has won numerous awards, including an American Institute of Graphic Arts Award in 1970, the Selection du Grand Prix des Treize in France in 1972, and the Nakamori Reader's Prize in Japan in 1975.[2]
The New York Times cited it as one of the "Ten Best Picture Books of the Year" in 1969. The book placed at number 199 in the Big Read, a 2003 poll conducted by the BBC to determine the United Kingdom's best loved books. It was one of the few picture books to place on the list.[10] Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."[11] Five years later School Library Journal sponsored a survey of readers which identified The Very Hungry Caterpillar as the number two children's picture book, behind only Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are.[6][8]
Educational and cultural influence[edit]
Google Doodle on the 40th anniversary of The Very Hungry Caterpillar
The book has been translated into at least 40 languages,[12] including Dutch, French,[13] Spanish,[14] German,[15] Chinese,[16] Italian,[17] Portuguese, Swedish,[18] Russian,[19] and Hebrew.[20] It has been used by elementary school teachers, librarians, and parents as a teaching aid, with activities developed which use the book.[21][22]
It was used by former first lady Barbara Bush as part of her campaign to promote literacy.[23]
The book received renewed attention when in 1999, Pizza Hut asked 50 US governors to name their favorite books from childhood. Presidential candidate George W. Bush "opted for the Caterpillar. It didn't take long for gleeful commentators to point out that when the book was published, Bush was nearly 23."[24]
In 2009, Google celebrated the book's 40th anniversary by rendering the logo on its main search page in the style used in the book.[7][25]
In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics sent out special copies of the book, with associated learning tools, to health providers, to promote healthy eating in the U.S.[26]
UK releases[edit]
VHS[edit]
The Very Hungry Caterpillar was adapted for television on 11 September 1993 before being released on video on 18 March 2002 distributed by Channel 5 Video Distribution, a sublabel of PolyGram, as part of an anthology called The World Of Eric Carle that included The Very Hungry Caterpillar, along with four other Eric Carle stories, including: Papa, Please Get the Moon for Me, The Very Quiet Cricket, The Mixed-Up Chameleon, and I See A Song.
It used a classical music-influenced soundtrack by Wallace & Gromit composer Julian Nott. Narration on the UK releases of the programme, entitled The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Other Stories, was performed by Roger McGough and Juliet Stevenson, this version was briefly released in the US in the same year by Scholastic[27] before on 5 August 1995, Disney released a US dub of the video, with narration by Brian Cummings and Linda Gary.[28] Subsequent to that adaptation, the film and TV rights were sold for £1 million.[29][dubious – discuss]
DVD[edit]
The Very Hungry Caterpillar was released on DVD on 24 April 2006, this time presented by the Illuminated Film Company and broadcast by Ventura Distribution as part of the anthology called The World Of Eric Carle that included The Very Hungry Caterpillar, along with four other Eric Carle stories: Papa, Please Get the Moon for Me, The Very Quiet Cricket, The Mixed-Up Chameleon, and I See a Song. It was also released in on DVD in the US by Disney.
Ancillary products[edit]
There have been numerous different editions of the book,[30] with various additional features, as well as games incorporating copies of the book. Examples include a pop-up version[31] and a book/card game combination from University Games.[32] Other toys and educational resources based upon or featuring The Very Hungry Caterpillar are also plentiful.[33]
An educational video game based on the book, titled The Very Hungry Caterpillar's ABCs, was released by CYBIRD Co. Ltd. for WiiWare on September 20, 2010.[34]
In popular culture[edit]
In 2000, George W. Bush read the book at primary schools while campaigning for the presidency, calling it his favorite childhood book.[35][36]
In one episode of Midsomer Murders called "The Ballad of Midsomer County", Sarah Barnaby shows this book to a male babysitter, telling him that the daughter likes it for bedtime.
The book is referenced in a famous parody song "The Reading Rainbow" performed by Jimmy Fallon.
In one episode of Mad called "Fast Hive", Tigger and Piglet fly out of the Winnie the Pooh book and end up in this book, where the Very Hungry Caterpillar gives them some honey.
In one episode of Dexter, Dexter's son is said to have read The Very Hungry Caterpillar with his nanny.
In one episode of Skins, Chris Miles tells Jal the story of The Very Hungry Caterpillar and adds that he often read the story after his brother's death.
In one episode of Top Gear, Jeremy Clarkson finishes a lap of a race and reads this book out loud before Richard Hammond finishes a lap.
The book is mentioned by Goss, a villain from China Miéville's 2010 novel Kraken as a typical example of children's literature.
The Very Hungry Caterpillar made a cameo in the "Book People Unite" commercial towards the end in the crowd of literary characters.
In the T.U.F.F. Puppy episode "Guard Dog", the Chameleon made a parody of the book called The Very Lonely Lizard, in which the lizard goes several places to make a friend, but he couldn't find any and was arrested for various crimes, such as shoplifting and loitering and, at the end of the book, ends up never finding a friend.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 100 Best Books for Children, Anita Silvey, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004, ISBN 978-0-618-27889-3
^ Jump up to: a b "Eric Carle collection". University Libraries – Information courtesy of the Gale Group. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
Jump up ^ Brockes, Emma (14 March 2009). "This one's got legs". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Kate (22 October 2004). "Eat your heart out". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ Kate Taylor (22 October 2004). "Eat your heart out". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b "SLJ's Top 100 Picture Books" Archived 2016-11-23 at the Wayback Machine. (poster presentation of reader poll results). A Fuse #8 Production. School Library Journal. 2012. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c Khan, Urmee (20 March 2009). "Google celebrates Eric Carle's Very Hungry Caterpillar". The Daily Telegraph. London.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bird, Elizabeth (June 28, 2012). "Top 100 Picture Books #2: The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle". A Fuse 8 Production. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
Jump up ^ "Hungry Caterpillar author on zoo maths". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
Jump up ^ "The Big Read". BBC. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
Jump up ^ National Education Association (2007). "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children". Retrieved 2012-08-22.
Jump up ^ "Accredited Language Services" Check |url= value (help). Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ ISBN 2871421749
Jump up ^ ISBN 039923960X
Jump up ^ ISBN 3806742596
Jump up ^ ISBN 9577620981
Jump up ^ ISBN 8804323329
Jump up ^ ISBN 9163812134
Jump up ^ ISBN 5903497047
Jump up ^ "הזחל הרעב קרל אריק". kibutz-poalim.co.il. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ The librarian's complete guide to involving parents through children's literature, Anthony D. Fredericks, Libraries Unlimited, 1997. ISBN 1-56308-538-0 p. 93
Jump up ^ Teaching Terrific Fours, Annal Jones, Carol Crownover, Elizabeth Jones. Humanism Learning, 2006. ISBN 0-89334-419-2 p. 92
Jump up ^ http://electromagnetism/newspapers?id=w5YxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6769,1457812&dq=very-hungry-caterpillar&hl=en
Jump up ^ Taylor, Kate (22 October 2004). "Eat your heart out". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Google. Google. 20 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (8 March 2011). "Groups Hope "Hungry Caterpillar" Helps Fight Fat". Washington Times. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Reed Brunson (2015-10-03), Opening to The Very Hungry Caterpillar & Other Stories by Eric Carle 1993 VHS (Rare), retrieved 2018-02-25
Jump up ^ The Very Hungry Caterpillar and other stories. Walt Disney Productions. August 5, 1995.
Jump up ^ Dominic Casciani (26 July 2005). Counting on the Caterpillar. BBC.
Jump up ^ "Read - Penguin Books USA - Read". penguin.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780399250392,00.html
Jump up ^ "The Very Hungry Caterpillar Spinner: Book and Card Game". University Games. 2007-01-30. ISBN 978-1-57528-890-1.
Jump up ^ ""the very hungry caterpillar" - Google Search". google.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Fahey, Mike. "The Nintendo Download: Countdown To Excitement". kotaku.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Kate (22 October 2004). "Eat your heart out". Retrieved 11 March 2017 – via The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Connelly, Joel (January 26, 2016). "Washington will get to vote on whether corporations are people". seattlepi.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
External links[edit]
Children's literature portal
Visual arts portal
"Caterpillar Exchange" teacher's resource page at Carle website
The World of Eric Carle on IMDb
Authority control
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