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Social disorganization theory
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In sociology, the social disorganization theory is one of the most important theories developed by the Chicago School, related to ecological theories. The theory directly links crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics; a core principle of social disorganization theory is that place matters. In other words, a person's residential location is a substantial factor shaping the likelihood that that person will become involved in illegal activities. The theory suggests that, among determinants of a person's later illegal activity, residential location is as significant as or more significant than the person's individual characteristics (e.g., age, gender, or race). For example, the theory suggests that youths from disadvantaged neighborhoods participate in a subculture which approves of delinquency, and that these youths thus acquire criminality in this social and cultural setting.
Larry Gaines and Roger Miller state in their book Criminal Justice in Action that "crime is largely a product of unfavorable conditions in certain communities". According to the social disorganization theory, there are ecological factors that lead to high rates of crime in these communities, and these factors linked to constantly elevated levels of "high school dropouts, unemployment, deteriorating infrastructures, and single-parent homes" (Gaines and Miller). The theory is not intended to apply to all types of crime, just street crime at the neighborhood level. The theory has not been used to explain organized crime, corporate crime, or deviant behavior that takes place outside neighborhood settings.
Up to the beginning of 1970s, this theory took a back seat to the psychological explanation of crime.[1] A recent overview of social disorganization theory, including suggestions for refining and extending the theory, is a journal article by Kubrin and Weitzer (2003).
Contents
[hide]
1 Thomas and Znaniecki
2 Park and Burgess
3 Sutherland
4 Cavan
5 Shaw and McKay
6 Faris
7 Sampson
8 Bursik and Grasmick
9 Lee and Martinez
10 References
11 External links
Thomas and Znaniecki[edit]
W. I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki's The Polish Peasant in Europe and America(1918–1920) introduced the idea that a person's thinking processes and attitudes are constructed by the interaction between that person's situation and his or her behavior. Attitudes are not innate; rather, they stem from a process of acculturation. Any proposed action will have social importance to an individual both because it relates to the objective situation within which the subject has to act, and because it has been shaped by attitudes formed through a lifetime of social and cultural experiences.
This is based on the "four wishes" of the Thomas theorem, viz., "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences". These four wishes are the desire for new experiences, the desire for recognition, the desire for domination, and the desire for security. Combined with the cultural values of a pre-existing situation, the four wishes give rise to certain attitudes which are subjectively defined meanings and shared experience, strongly emphasised and embodied in specific institutions.
The root of new attitudes arises from the formation of new relationships and interaction between the person and the world outside the community. For example, the emergence of economics as an independent sphere reflected the tendency to reduce quality to a quantity in barter transactions and led to the development of money.
Park and Burgess[edit]
Robert E. Park and Ernest Burgess (1925) developed a theory of urban ecology which proposed that cities are environments like those found in nature, governed by many of the same forces of Darwinian evolution; i.e. competition, which affects natural ecosystems. When a city is formed and grows, people and their activities cluster in a particular area (this is the process of "concentration"). Gradually, this central area becomes highly populated, so there is a scattering of people and their activities away from the central city to establish the suburbs (this is "dispersion").
They suggested that, over time, the competition for land and other scarce urban resources leads to the division of the urban space into distinctive ecological niches, "natural areas" or zones in which people share similar social characteristics because they are subject to the same ecological pressures. As a zone becomes more prosperous and "desirable", property values and rents rise, and people and businesses migrate into that zone, usually moving outward from the city center in a process Park and Burgess called "succession" (a term borrowed from plant ecology), and new residents take their place.
At both a micro and macro level, society was thought to operate as a super organism, where change is a natural aspect of the process of growth, and is neither chaotic nor disorderly. Thus, an organized area is invaded by new elements. This gives rise to local competition, and there will either be succession or an accommodation which results in a reorganization. But, during the early stages of competition, there will always be some level of disorganization because there will be disruption to (or breakdowns in) the normative structure of the community, which may or may not lead to deviant behavior. Thus, although a city was a physical organization, it also had social and moral structures that could be disorganized.
Their model—known as concentric zone model and first published in The City (1925)—predicted that, once fully grown, cities would take the form of five concentric rings, with areas of social and physical deterioration concentrated near the city center and more prosperous areas located near the city's edge. This theory seeks to explain the existence of social problems such as unemployment and crime in specific Chicago districts, making extensive use of synchronic mapping to reveal the spatial distribution of social problems and to permit comparison between areas. They argued that "neighborhood conditions, be they of wealth or poverty, had a much greater determinant effect on criminal behavior than ethnicity, race, or religion" (Gaines and Miller). In the post-war period, the cartographic approach was criticized as simplistic in that it neglected the social and cultural dimensions of urban life, the political and economic impact of industrialization on urban geography, and the issues of class, race, gender, and ethnicity.
Sutherland[edit]
Edwin Sutherland adopted the concept of social disorganization to explain the increases in crime that accompanied the transformation of preliterate and peasant societies—in which "influences surrounding a person were steady, uniform, harmonious and consistent"—to modern Western civilization, which he believed was characterized by inconsistency, conflict, and un-organization (1934: 64). He also believed that the mobility, economic competition, and individualistic ideology that accompanied capitalist and industrial development had been responsible for the disintegration of the large family and homogeneous neighborhoods as agents of social control. The failure of extended kin groups expanded the realm of relationships no longer controlled by the community and undermined governmental controls, leading to persistent "systematic" crime and delinquency.
Sutherland also believed that such disorganization causes and reinforces the cultural traditions and cultural conflicts that support antisocial activity. The systematic quality of the behavior was a reference to repetitive, patterned, or organized offending, as opposed to random events. He depicted the law-abiding culture as dominant and more extensive than alternative criminogenic cultural views, and as capable of overcoming systematic crime if organized for that purpose (1939: 8). But because society is organized around individual and small group interests, society permits crime to persist. Sutherland concluded that if the society is organized with reference to the values expressed in the law, the crime is eliminated; if it is not organized, crime persists and develops (1939:8).
In later works, Sutherland switched from the concept of social disorganization to differential social organization to convey the complexity of overlapping and conflicting levels of organization in a society.
Cavan[edit]
In 1928, Ruth Shonle Cavan produced Suicide, a study of personal disorganization in which she confirmed that the mortality rate is relatively stable, regardless of economic and social conditions. Despite finding this result, Cavan was excluded from faculty status at Chicago. She served on various research committees for six years, and then moved to Rockford College in Illinois.
She was particularly interested in dance halls, brothels, insanity, divorce, nonvoting, suicide, and other forms of socially problematic behavior of interest to the political reformers, studying the working lives of "business" girls and their dispersal throughout the zones of Chicago (1929). Partly as a result of her studies, Cavan (1953) emphasized the importance to the efficient functioning of the entire social order of the regulation of sex. While there are variations in the specific arrangements, all societies contain family groups, forbid incest, sanction marriage, approve more highly of legitimate than of illegitimate births, and look upon marriage as the most highly approved outlet for sexual expression of adults.
She has continued the work to review delinquency in different countries (1968), returning to write of the Chicago School itself in 1983.
Shaw and McKay[edit]
Mapping can also show spatial distributions of delinquency and crime, but it cannot explain the results. Indeed, such research has often been used politically to ascribe immorality to specific population groups or ethnicities. Social disorganization theory and cultural transmission theory examine the consequences when a community is unable to conform to common values and to solve the problems of its residents.
Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay (1942) applied Sutherland's theory of systematic criminal behavior, and claimed that delinquency was not caused at the individual level, but is a normal response by normal individuals to abnormal conditions. Thus, if a community is not self-policing and if it is imperfectly policed by outside agencies, some individuals will exercise unrestricted freedom to express their dispositions and desires, often resulting in delinquent behavior. They considered the concentric zone model, and produced a diachronic analysis to demonstrate that delinquency was already dispersed in urban areas, and that more wealthy and important groups moved to avoid the existing social disorganization.
Their concepts, hypothesis, and research methods have been a strong influence on the analysis of delinquency and crime. Their dependent variables in the delinquency rates were measured by arrests, court appearances, and court adjudications of institutional commitment. Their independent variables were economic conditions by square-mile areas, ethnic heterogeneity, and population turnover. These variables were based on where delinquents lived and consisted of 10- to 16-year-old males who were petitioned to juvenile court (56,000 juvenile court records from 1900–1933 were used as data). The time frames they selected showed strong patterns of immigrant migration; Shaw and McKay believed that they could demonstrate whether delinquency was caused by particular immigrant groups or by the environment in which the immigrants lived:
If high delinquency rates for particular immigrant groups remained high during their migration through the city's different ecological environments, then delinquency could be associated with their distinctive constitutional or cultural features.
If delinquency rates decreased as immigrants moved through different ecological environments, then delinquency could not be associated with the particular constitution of the immigrants, but must somehow be connected with their environment.
Shaw and McKay demonstrated that social disorganization was endemic to the urban areas which were the only places the newly arriving poor could afford to live. In these areas, there was a high rate of turnover in the population (residential instability), and mixes of people from different cultural backgrounds (ethnic diversity). Shaw and McKay's analyses relating delinquency rates to these structural characteristics established key facts about the community correlates of crime and delinquency:
The rates of juvenile delinquency were consistent with an ordered spatial pattern, with the highest rates in the inner-city areas, and the rates declining as distance from the city center increases.
There was an identical spatial pattern revealed by various other indexes of social problems.
The spatial pattern of delinquency rates showed significant long-term stability, even though the nationality structure of the population in the inner-city areas changed greatly throughout the decades.
Within inner-city areas, the course of becoming delinquent occurred through a network of interpersonal relationships, involving family, gangs, and the neighborhood.
Comparing the maps, Shaw and McKay recognized that the pattern of delinquency rates corresponded to the "natural urban areas" of Park and Burgess' concentric zone model. This evidenced the conclusion that delinquency rates always remained high for a certain region of the city (ecological zone 2), no matter which immigrant group lived there. Hence, delinquency was not "constitutional", but was to be correlated with the particular ecological environment in which it occurs. In this context, Shaw and McKay asserted that ethnic diversity interferes with communication among adults, with effective communication less likely in the face of ethnic diversity because differences in customs and a lack of shared experiences may breed fear and mistrust.
Although research in different countries has tended to support Shaw and McKay's findings that delinquent rates are highest in areas with economic decline and instability, that research has not found that crime rates spatially disperse from the city center outward. In fact, in some countries, the wealthy live in city centers, while the poorest zones are near city fringes. Further, their work does not consider why there is significant non-delinquency in delinquency areas. Thus, the theory identifies social causes of delinquency that seem to be located in specific geographical areas, but its conclusions are not completely generalizable. For a general discussion of their work, see Snodgrass (1976).
Faris[edit]
Robert E. Lee Faris (1955) extended the concept of social disorganization to explain social pathologies and social problems in general, including crime, suicide, mental illness, and mob violence. Defining organization as definite and enduring patterns of complementary relations (1955: 3), he defined social disorganization as the weakening or destruction of the relationships which hold together a social organization (1955: 81). Such a concept was to be employed objectively as a measurable state of a social system, independent of personal approval or disapproval. When applied to crime, Faris' central proposition was that, "A crime rate is ...a reflection of the degree of disorganization of the control mechanisms in a society." In turn, crime also contributes to disorganization, and disorganization of such conventional mechanisms is especially likely in large, rapidly growing industrial cities where such disorganization permits highly organized criminality, as well as less organized forms of group and individual crime and delinquency.
Sampson[edit]
Robert J. Sampson (1993)[2] claims that any theory of crime must begin with the fact that most violent criminals belonged to teenage peer-groups, particularly street gangs, and that a gang member will become a full-time criminal if social controls are insufficient to address delinquent behaviour at an early age. He follows Shaw and McKay (1969) in accepting that, if the family and relatives offer inadequate supervision or incomplete socialization, children from broken families are more likely to join violent gangs, unless others take the parents' place. However, even children from unstable families are less likely to be influenced by peer groups in a community where most family units are intact. Tight-knit communities are more likely to identify strangers, report deviants to their parents, and pass warnings along. High rates of residential mobility and high-rise housing disrupt the ability to establish and maintain social ties. Formal organizations like schools, churches, and the police act as surrogates for family and friends in many communities, but poor, unstable communities often lack the organisation and political connections to obtain resources for fighting crime and offering young people an alternative to deviant behavior. Sampson concludes that "the empirical data suggest that the structural elements of social disorganisation have relevance for explaining macro level variations in violence."
Social disorganisation may also produce crime by isolating communities from the mainstream culture. Sampson and Wilson (1995) proposed a theory of race and urban inequality to explain the disproportionate representation of African Americans as victims and offenders in violent crime. The basic idea proposed was that community-level patterns of racial inequality give rise to the social isolation and ecological concentration of the truly disadvantaged, which in turn leads to structural barriers and cultural adaptations that undermine social organisation and ultimately the control of crime. Sampson and Wilson (1995) pursued this logic to argue that the community-level causes of violence are the same for both whites and blacks, but that racial segregation by community differentially exposes members of minority groups to key violence-inducing and violence-protecting social mechanisms, thereby explaining black-white disparities in violence. Their thesis has come to be known as "racial invariance" in the fundamental causes of crime.
Bursik and Grasmick[edit]
Robert J. Bursik Jr’s scholarly works played an important role in the revival of Social Disorganization Theory following its fall in popularity during the 1960s.[3] One of the main criticisms of Shaw and McKay’s theory was that it suggested, in certain area’s delinquency rates remained high regardless of the ethnicity group that lived there.[4] Researchers during this period felt that it was unlikely that crime patterns remained stable even though there were constant changes in population without these areas. Bursik’s work helped negate some of the criticisms associated with Shaw and McKay’s work; Bursik showed that it was possible and likely to have stable crime patterns within an area that showed constant population change. Specifically Bursik points out that “development of primary relationships that result in informal structures of social control is less likely when local networks are in continual state of flux.”[5] In the example of Chicago, as immigrants continue to come in, the population already there leave soon as it’s financially feasible, which in return makes it difficult for any stable form of social control to take place.
Robert J. Bursik and Harold G. Grasmick further contributed to Social Disorganization Theory by reformulating concepts of social control within neighbourhoods that was introduced by Sampson and Groves, into three types of social control that are influenced by structural factors. Personal Social Control, Parochial Social Control and Public Social Control which are influenced by structural factors within a neighbourhood such as poverty, residential mobility, heterogeneity and broken homes affect the ability of the neighbourhood to implement models of social control.[6]
Personal Social Control: In this model there are no personal relationships between neighbours and as a result no friendship networks for social control are formed. Example would be neighbourhoods with high number of residents with different race and backgrounds or low income and high unemployment which cause mistrust and lack of communication among the community.
Parochial Social Control: In this model the residents take a more active approach to Social Control observing strangers coming into the neighbourhood to stop vandalism and theft within the community. Example would be neighbourhoods that participate in programs like “Neighbourhood Watch”.
Public Social Control: In this model the entire community works together as an organization to improve and protect the community. Example would be playing an active role to the schools, community center and other institutions within the neighbourhood.
Lee and Martinez[edit]
When Scholars associated with Social Disorganization theory developed spatial analytical techniques seventy years ago, they wanted a way to study violent crimes. These theorists were particularly concerned about the adverse impacts of that immigration, internal migration and ethnic heterogeneity might have on the ability of neighborhoods to control the behavior of their residents.[7] Shaw and McKay, Sampson and Groves and Bursik and Grasmick all suggest that immigration and ethnic heterogeneity within the neighborhood can have adverse effect within the community. Recent work by Matthew T. Lee and Ramiro Martinez JR, suggest that might not always be the case; recent studies have found that immigration generally does not increase crime rates in areas in where immigrants settle; in fact some studies show that these areas are less involved in crime than natives.[8] Lee and Martinez suggest that current immigration trends do not have the negative consequences expected by disorganization theories; rather these studies show that immigration can strength social control rather than compromise it.
Immigration Revitalization thesis argues that immigration can revitalize poor areas and strengthen social control within neighborhoods because of strong familial ties, job opportunities associated with enclave economies that result in less crime. In fact Lee and Martinez state that immigration is required as an essential ingredient for continued viability of urban areas where population has declined or community decay occurs, as was the case in previous decades.[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Syristova, Eva a kol. Normalita osobnosti. Avicenum, Prague 1972, p. 183.
Jump up ^ Sampson, Harvard.edu
Jump up ^ Bursik, Robert J. "Social Disorganization and Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Problems and Prospects." Criminology 26.4 (1988): 519-52. Web.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Clifford R. and McKay, Henry D. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1969
Jump up ^ Bursik, Robert J. "Social Disorganization and Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Problems and Prospects." Criminology 26.4 (1988): 519-52. Web.
Jump up ^ Bursik, Robert J., and Harold G. Grasmick. Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. Lexington, 1993. Web.
Jump up ^ Lee, Matthew T., and Ramiro Martinez JR. "Social Disorganization Revisited: Mapping the Recent Immigration and Black Homicide Relationship in Northern Miami." Sociological Focus 35.4 (2002): 363-80. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Web.
Jump up ^ Ramiro Jr, Martinez, and Abel Valenzuela Jr. "Immigration and Asian Homicide Patterns in Urban and Suburban San Diego." Immigration and Crime: Race, Ethnicity, and Violence. New York: New York UP, 2006 Web.
Jump up ^ Kubrin, Charis E. "Social Disorganization Theory: Then, Now, and in the Future." Handbook on Crime and Deviance. Ed. Marvin D. Krohn. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009. 225-236.
Burgess, Ernest & Bogue, Donald J. (eds.).(1964). Contributions to Urban Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-08055-2
Burgess, Ernest & Bogue, Donald J. (eds.) (1967). Urban Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-08056-0
Bursik, Robert J. (1984). "Urban Dynamics and Ecological Studies of Delinquency". Social Forces 63: 393-413.
Cavan, Ruth S. (1969). Juvenile delinquency (2nd edition). New York: J.B. Lippincott.
Cavan, Ruth S. (1963). The American Family. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
Cavan, Ruth S. (1928). Suicide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cavan, Ruth Shonle, (1929). Business girls : a study of their interests and problems.
Cavan, Ruth S. (1948). Criminology. Thomas Y. Crowell.
Cavan, Ruth Shonle and Jordan T. (1968). Delinquency and Crime: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co.
Cavan, Ruth Shonle. (1983). "The Chicago School of Sociology, 1918-1933". Urban Life 11. (January): 407-420
Faris, R. E. L. (1955) Social Disorganization. 2nd edition. New York: The Ronald Press Company. ASIN B0007DEVLE
Ferdinand, T.N. (1988). "Ruth Shonle Cavan: An Intellectual Portrait". Sociological Inquiry 58 (No. 4) 1988: 337-43
Franklin Frazier. (1932). The Negro Family in Chicago.
Hawley, Amos H. (1943). "Ecology and Human Ecology". Social Forces 22: 398-405.
Hawley, Amos H. (1950). Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure. New York: Ronald Press.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press. (2001) Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-7658-0900-1
Kubrin, Charis & Weitzer, Ronald. (2003). "New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory". Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 40: 374-402.
McKenzie, R. D. "The Ecological Approach to the Study of the Human Community". American Journal of Sociology 30 (1924): 287-301.
Park, Robert E. "The City: Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment". American Journal of Sociology 20 (1915): 577-612.
Park, Robert E., Burgess, Ernest W. & McKenzie, R. D. (1925). The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
Park, Robert & Burgess, Ernest W. (1921). Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (3rd revised edition, 1969). ISBN 0-226-64604-1
Park, Robert. (1952). Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology. Glencoe, Ill: Free Press. ASIN B0007EOJQA
Reckless, Walter C. (1940). Criminal Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Reckless, Walter C. (1933). Vice in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sampson, Robert J. (1993). "The Community Context of Violent Crime". in Sociology and the Public Agenda, edited by William Julius Wilson. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. pp267–74. ISBN 0-8039-5083-7
Sampson, Robert J. & Wilson, William Julius. (1995). "Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality" in Crime and Inequality, edited by John Hagan & Ruth D. Peterson. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2477-6
Sampson, Robert J & Bean, Lydia. (2006). "Cultural Mechanisms and Killing Fields: A Revised Theory of Community-Level Racial Inequality" in The Many Colors of Crime: Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity and Crime in America, edited by Ruth Peterson, Lauren Krivo, and John Hagan. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-6720-6 [1]
Shaw, Clifford R. & McKay, Henry D. (1942). Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shaw, Clifford R., Zorbaugh, Harvey, McKay, Henry D. & Cottrell, Leonard S. (1929). Delinquency Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shaw, Clifford R. (1952). Brothers in Crime. Philadelphia: Albert Saifer.
Snodgrass, Jon. (1976). "Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay: Chicago Criminologists". The British Journal of Criminology 16 (Jan.): 1-19.
Sutherland, Edwin. (1924, 34. 39). "Principles of Criminology.
Thomas, W. I. & Znaniecki, F. (1918-20). The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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text:
List of cities in Texas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Map of the United States with Texas highlighted
Texas is a state located in the Southern United States. There are 961 cities in the sections below.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cities
2 100 largest cities in Texas by population
3 See also
4 References
Cities[edit]
In Texas, cities are either "original law" or "home rule" cities. Cities governed under general law have only specific powers granted by state law. A city with a population exceeding 5,000 may seek home rule status by voter approval (and will maintain said status even if the population later falls below 5,000); said status allows more flexibility in local governance (those cities have powers not otherwise prohibited by the Texas Constitution or state law).
Although some municipalities in Texas refer to themselves as "towns" or "villages", these names have no specific designation in law.
County seat
*
City with portions spanning across counties.
Name
County
Abbott
Hill
Abernathy*
Lubbock
Hale
Abilene *
Taylor
Jones
Ackerly*
Dawson
Martin
Addison
Dallas
Adrian
Oldham
Agua Dulce
Nueces
Alamo
Hidalgo
Alamo Heights
Bexar
Albany
Shackelford
Aledo
Parker
Alice
Jim Wells
Allen
Collin
Alpine
Brewster
Alton
Hidalgo
Alvarado
Johnson
Alvin
Brazoria
Amarillo *
Potter
Randall
Ames
Liberty
Amherst
Lamb
Anahuac
Chambers
Anderson
Grimes
Andrews
Andrews
Angleton
Brazoria
Angus
Navarro
Anna
Collin
Anson
Jones
Anton
Hockley
Appleby
Nacogdoches
Aquilla
Hill
Aransas Pass*
San Patricio
Aransas
Nueces
Archer City
Archer
Arcola
Fort Bend
Argyle
Denton
Arlington
Tarrant
Arp
Smith
Asherton
Dimmit
Athens
Henderson
Atlanta
Cass
Aubrey
Denton
Aurora
Wise
Austin *
Travis
Williamson
Hays
Austwell
Refugio
Avery
Red River
Azle*
Parker
Tarrant
Bailey
Fannin
Baird
Callahan
Balch Springs
Dallas
Balcones Heights
Bexar
Ballinger
Runnels
Balmorhea
Reeves
Bandera
Bandera
Bangs
Brown
Bardwell
Ellis
Barry
Navarro
Barstow
Ward
Bartlett*
Williamson
Bell
Bastrop
Bastrop
Bay City
Matagorda
Bayou Vista
Galveston
Baytown*
Harris
Chambers
Beach City
Chambers
Beasley
Fort Bend
Beaumont
Jefferson
Beckville
Panola
Bedford
Tarrant
Bedias
Grimes
Bee Cave
Travis
Beeville
Bee
Bellaire
Harris
Bellevue
Clay
Bellmead
McLennan
Bellville
Austin
Belton
Bell
Benavides
Duval
Benbrook
Tarrant
Benjamin
Knox
Bertram
Burnet
Beverly Hills
McLennan
Bevil Oaks
Jefferson
Big Lake
Reagan
Big Spring
Howard
Big Wells
Dimmit
Bishop
Nueces
Blackwell*
Nolan
Coke
Blanco
Blanco
Blossom
Lamar
Blue Mound
Tarrant
Blue Ridge
Collin
Boerne
Kendall
Bogata
Red River
Bonham
Fannin
Borger
Hutchinson
Bovina
Parmer
Bowie
Montague
Brackettville
Kinney
Brady
McCulloch
Brazoria
Brazoria
Brazos Bend
Hood
Brazos Country
Austin
Breckenridge
Stephens
Bremond
Robertson
Brenham
Washington
Briaroaks
Johnson
Bridge City
Orange
Bridgeport
Wise
Brookshire
Waller
Brookside Village
Brazoria
Browndell
Jasper
Brownfield
Terry
Brownsboro
Henderson
Brownsville
Cameron
Brownwood
Brown
Bruceville-Eddy*
McLennan
Falls
Bryan
Brazos
Bryson
Jack
Buda
Hays
Buffalo
Leon
Bulverde
Comal
Bunker Hill Village
Harris
Burkburnett
Wichita
Burke
Angelina
Burleson*
Johnson
Tarrant
Burnet
Burnet
Byers
Clay
Cactus
Moore
Caddo Mills
Hunt
Caldwell
Burleson
Callisburg
Cooke
Calvert
Robertson
Cameron
Milam
Camp Wood
Real
Campbell
Hunt
Canadian
Hemphill
Canton
Van Zandt
Canyon
Randall
Carmine
Fayette
Carrizo Springs
Dimmit
Carrollton*
Denton
Dallas
Collin
Carthage
Panola
Cashion Community
Wichita
Castle Hills
Bexar
Castroville
Medina
Cedar Hill*
Dallas
Ellis
Cedar Park
Travis
Williamson
Celeste
Hunt
Celina*
Collin
Denton
Center
Shelby
Centerville
Leon
Chandler
Henderson
Channing
Hartley
Charlotte
Atascosa
Chico
Wise
Childress
Childress
Chillicothe
Hardeman
China
Jefferson
Chireno
Nacogdoches
Cibolo*
Guadalupe
Bexar
Cisco
Eastland
Clarendon
Donley
Clarksville
Red River
Clarksville City*
Gregg
Upshur
Claude
Armstrong
Clear Lake Shores
Galveston
Cleburne
Johnson
Cleveland
Liberty
Clifton
Bosque
Clute
Brazoria
Clyde
Callahan
Cockrell Hill
Dallas
Coldspring
San Jacinto
Coleman
Coleman
College Station
Brazos
Colleyville
Tarrant
Colmesneil
Tyler
Colorado City
Mitchell
Columbus
Colorado
Comanche
Comanche
Combine*
Kaufman
Dallas
Commerce
Hunt
Conroe
Montgomery
Converse
Bexar
Cool
Parker
Cooper
Delta
Coppell*
Dallas
Denton
Copperas Cove*
Coryell
Lampasas
Bell
Corinth
Denton
Corpus Christi *
Nueces
Kleberg
San Patricio
Aransas
Corsicana
Navarro
Cottonwood
Kaufman
Cottonwood Shores
Burnet
Cotulla
La Salle
Coupland
Williamson
Cove
Chambers
Covington
Hill
Coyote Flats
Johnson
Crandall
Kaufman
Crane
Crane
Cranfills Gap
Bosque
Creedmoor
Travis
Cresson*
Hood
Johnson
Parker
Crockett
Houston
Crosbyton
Crosby
Crowell
Foard
Crowley*
Tarrant
Johnson
Crystal City
Zavala
Cuero
DeWitt
Cumby
Hopkins
Cushing
Nacogdoches
Cut and Shoot
Montgomery
Daingerfield
Morris
Daisetta
Liberty
Dalhart *
Dallam
Hartley
Dallas *
Dallas
Collin
Denton
Kaufman
Rockwall
Dalworthington Gardens
Tarrant
Danbury
Brazoria
Dayton
Liberty
Dayton Lakes
Liberty
De Leon
Comanche
Dean
Clay
Decatur
Wise
DeCordova
Hood
Deer Park
Harris
DeKalb
Bowie
Dell City
Hudspeth
Del Rio
Val Verde
Denison
Grayson
Denton
Denton
Deport
Lamar
Red River
DeSoto
Dallas
Devers
Liberty
Devine
Medina
Diboll
Angelina
Dickens
Dickens
Dickinson
Galveston
Dilley
Frio
Dimmitt
Castro
Donna
Hidalgo
Dorchester
Grayson
Dripping Springs
Hays
Driscoll
Nueces
Dublin
Erath
Dumas
Moore
Duncanville
Dallas
Eagle Lake
Colorado
Eagle Pass
Maverick
Early
Brown
Earth
Lamb
East Bernard
Wharton
East Mountain*
Upshur
Gregg
East Tawakoni
Rains
Eastland
Eastland
Easton*
Gregg
Rusk
Ector
Fannin
Edcouch
Hidalgo
Eden
Concho
Edinburg
Hidalgo
Edna
Jackson
Edom
Van Zandt
El Campo
Wharton
El Cenizo
Webb
El Lago
Harris
El Paso
El Paso
Eldorado
Schleicher
Electra
Wichita
Elgin*
Bastrop
Travis
Elmendorf
Bexar
Elsa
Hidalgo
Emory
Rains
Encinal
La Salle
Ennis
Ellis
Escobares
Starr
Euless
Tarrant
Eureka
Navarro
Eustace
Henderson
Everman
Tarrant
Fair Oaks Ranch*
Bexar
Kendall
Comal
Fairfield
Freestone
Falfurrias
Brooks
Falls City
Karnes
Farmers Branch
Dallas
Farmersville
Collin
Farwell
Parmer
Fate
Rockwall
Fayetteville
Fayette
Ferris*
Ellis
Dallas
Florence
Williamson
Floresville
Wilson
Floydada
Floyd
Follett
Lipscomb
Forest Hill
Tarrant
Forney
Kaufman
Forsan
Howard
Fort Stockton
Pecos
Fort Worth *
Tarrant
Denton
Parker
Wise
Franklin
Robertson
Fredericksburg
Gillespie
Freeport
Brazoria
Freer
Duval
Friendswood*
Galveston
Harris
Brazoria
Friona
Parmer
Frisco*
Collin
Denton
Fritch*
Hutchinson
Carson
Frost
Navarro
Fruitvale
Van Zandt
Fulshear
Fort Bend
Gainesville
Cooke
Galena Park
Harris
Gallatin
Cherokee
Galveston
Galveston
Ganado
Jackson
Garden Ridge
Comal
Garland
Collin
Dallas
Rockwall
Garrison
Nacogdoches
Gatesville
Coryell
George West
Live Oak
Georgetown
Williamson
Gholson
McLennan
Giddings
Lee
Gilmer
Upshur
Gladewater*
Gregg
Upshur
Glenn Heights*
Dallas
Ellis
Glen Rose
Somervell
Godley
Johnson
Goldsmith
Ector
Goldthwaite
Mills
Goliad
Goliad
Golinda*
Falls
McLennan
Gonzales
Gonzales
Goodlow
Navarro
Goodrich
Polk
Gordon
Palo Pinto
Goree
Knox
Gorman
Eastland
Graford
Palo Pinto
Graham
Young
Granbury
Hood
Grand Prairie*
Dallas
Tarrant
Ellis
Grand Saline
Van Zandt
Grandview
Johnson
Granger
Williamson
Granite Shoals
Burnet
Granjeno
Hidalgo
Grapeland
Houston
Grapevine*
Tarrant
Dallas
Denton
Greenville
Hunt
Gregory
San Patricio
Grey Forest
Bexar
Groesbeck
Limestone
Groves
Jefferson
Groveton
Trinity
Gruver
Hansford
Gun Barrel City
Henderson
Gunter
Grayson
Hale Center
Hale
Hallettsville
Lavaca
Hallsburg
McLennan
Hallsville
Harrison
Haltom City
Tarrant
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamlin*
Jones
Fisher
Hardin
Liberty
Harker Heights
Bell
Harlingen
Cameron
Hart
Castro
Haskell
Haskell
Haslet*
Tarrant
Denton
Hawk Cove
Hunt
Hawkins
Wood
Hawley
Jones
Hays
Hays
Hearne
Robertson
Heath*
Rockwall
Kaufman
Hedley
Donley
Hedwig Village
Harris
Helotes
Bexar
Hemphill
Sabine
Hempstead
Waller
Henderson
Rusk
Henrietta
Clay
Hereford
Deaf Smith
Hewitt
McLennan
Hico
Hamilton
Hidalgo
Hidalgo
Hideaway
Smith
Higgins
Lipscomb
Highland Haven
Burnet
Highland Village
Denton
Hill Country Village
Bexar
Hillsboro
Hill
Hilshire Village
Harris
Hitchcock
Galveston
Holliday
Archer
Hondo
Medina
Honey Grove
Fannin
Hooks
Bowie
Horizon City
El Paso
Horseshoe Bay*
Llano
Burnet
Houston *
Harris
Fort Bend
Montgomery
Howardwick
Donley
Hubbard
Hill
Hudson
Angelina
Hudson Oaks
Parker
Hughes Springs*
Cass
Morris
Humble
Harris
Hunters Creek Village
Harris
Huntington
Angelina
Huntsville
Walker
Hurst
Tarrant
Hutchins
Dallas
Hutto
Williamson
Huxley
Shelby
Idalou
Lubbock
Industry
Austin
Ingleside
Nueces
San Patricio
Ingleside on the Bay
San Patricio
Ingram
Kerr
Iola
Grimes
Iowa Park
Wichita
Iraan
Pecos
Iredell
Bosque
Irving
Dallas
Itasca
Hill
Ivanhoe
Tyler
Jacinto City
Harris
Jacksboro
Jack
Jacksonville
Cherokee
Jamaica Beach
Galveston
Jarrell
Williamson
Jasper
Jasper
Jayton
Kent
Jefferson
Marion
Jersey Village
Harris
Jewett
Leon
Joaquin
Shelby
Johnson City
Blanco
Jolly
Clay
Jonestown
Travis
Josephine*
Collin
Hunt
Joshua
Johnson
Jourdanton
Atascosa
Junction
Kimble
Justin
Denton
Karnes City
Karnes
Katy*
Harris
Fort Bend
Waller
Kaufman
Kaufman
Keene
Johnson
Keller
Tarrant
Kemah
Galveston
Kemp
Kaufman
Kempner
Lampasas
Kendleton
Fort Bend
Kenedy
Karnes
Kennard
Houston
Kennedale
Tarrant
Kerens
Navarro
Kermit
Winkler
Kerrville
Kerr
Kilgore*
Gregg
Rusk
Killeen
Bell
Kingsbury
Guadalupe
Kingsville
Kleberg
Kirby
Bexar
Kirbyville
Jasper
Knollwood
Grayson
Kountze
Hardin
Kress
Swisher
Krugerville
Denton
Krum
Denton
Kyle
Hays
La Feria
Cameron
La Grange
Fayette
La Grulla
Starr
La Joya
Hidalgo
La Marque
Galveston
La Porte
Harris
La Vernia
Wilson
La Villa
Hidalgo
La Ward
Jackson
LaCoste
Medina
Lacy-Lakeview
McLennan
Lago Vista
Travis
Lake Bridgeport
Wise
Lake Dallas
Denton
Lake Jackson
Brazoria
Lake Worth
Tarrant
Lakeport
Gregg
Lakeway
Travis
Lakewood Village
Denton
Lamesa
Dawson
Lampasas
Lampasas
Lancaster
Dallas
Laredo
Webb
Latexo
Houston
Lavon
Collin
League City*
Galveston
Harris
Leakey
Real
Leander
Travis
Williamson
Leary
Bowie
Leon Valley
Bexar
Leona
Leon
Leonard
Fannin
Leroy
McLennan
Levelland
Hockley
Lewisville
Denton
Liberty
Liberty
Liberty Hill
Williamson
Lindale
Smith
Linden
Cass
Lindsay
Cooke
Lipan
Hood
Little Elm
Denton
Littlefield
Lamb
Little River-Academy
Bell
Live Oak
Bexar
Liverpool
Brazoria
Llano
Llano
Lockhart
Caldwell
Log Cabin
Henderson
Lometa
Lampasas
Lone Oak
Hunt
Lone Star
Morris
Longview *
Gregg
Harrison
Lorena
McLennan
Lorenzo
Crosby
Los Fresnos
Cameron
Los Ybanez
Dawson
Lott
Falls
Lovelady
Houston
Lowry Crossing
Collin
Lubbock
Lubbock
Lucas
Collin
Lueders*
Jones
Shackelford
Lufkin
Angelina
Luling
Caldwell
Lumberton
Hardin
Lyford
Willacy
Lytle*
Atascosa
Medina
Bexar
Madisonville
Madison
Magnolia
Montgomery
Malakoff
Henderson
Manor
Travis
Mansfield*
Tarrant
Johnson
Ellis
Manvel
Brazoria
Marble Falls
Burnet
Marfa
Presidio
Marion
Guadalupe
Marlin
Falls
Marquez
Leon
Marshall
Harrison
Mart
Limestone
McLennan
Martindale
Caldwell
Mason
Mason
Mathis
San Patricio
Maud
Bowie
Maypearl
Ellis
McAllen
Hidalgo
McCamey
Upton
McGregor*
McLennan
Coryell
McKinney
Collin
McLendon-Chisholm
Rockwall
Meadowlakes
Burnet
Meadows Place
Fort Bend
Melissa
Collin
Memphis
Hall
Menard
Menard
Mercedes
Hidalgo
Meridian
Bosque
Mertzon
Irion
Mesquite*
Dallas
Kaufman
Mexia
Limestone
Miami
Roberts
Midland *
Midland
Martin
Midlothian
Ellis
Midway
Madison
Milano
Milam
Miles
Runnels
Mineola
Wood
Mineral Wells
Palo Pinto
Parker
Mingus
Palo Pinto
Mission
Hidalgo
Missouri City*
Fort Bend
Harris
Mobeetie
Wheeler
Mobile City
Rockwall
Monahans *
Ward
Winkler
Mont Belvieu*
Chambers
Liberty
Montgomery
Montgomery
Moody
McLennan
Moore Station
Henderson
Moran
Shackelford
Morgan
Bosque
Morgan's Point
Harris
Morgan's Point Resort
Bell
Morton
Cochran
Mount Calm
Hill
Mount Enterprise
Rusk
Mount Pleasant
Titus
Mountain City
Hays
Muenster
Cooke
Muleshoe
Bailey
Munday
Knox
Murchison
Henderson
Murphy
Collin
Mustang Ridge*
Travis
Caldwell
Nacogdoches
Nacogdoches
Naples
Morris
Nash
Bowie
Nassau Bay
Harris
Natalia
Medina
Navasota
Grimes
Nazareth
Castro
Nederland
Jefferson
Needville
Fort Bend
Nevada
Collin
Newark
Tarrant
Wise
New Berlin
Guadalupe
New Boston
Bowie
New Braunfels *
Comal
Guadalupe
Newcastle
Young
New Chapel Hill
Smith
New Fairview
Wise
New Home
Lynn
New London
Rusk
New Summerfield
Cherokee
Newton
Newton
New Waverly
Walker
Niederwald*
Hays
Caldwell
Nixon*
Gonzales
Wilson
Nocona
Montague
Nolanville
Bell
Nome
Jefferson
Liberty
Noonday
Smith
Nordheim
DeWitt
North Cleveland
Liberty
North Richland Hills
Tarrant
Novice
Coleman
Oak Leaf
Ellis
Oak Point
Denton
Oak Ridge North
Montgomery
O'Brien
Haskell
Odem
San Patricio
Odessa *
Ector
Midland
O'Donnell*
Lynn
Dawson
Oglesby
Coryell
Old River-Winfree*
Chambers
Liberty
Olmos Park
Bexar
Olney
Young
Olton
Lamb
Omaha
Morris
Onalaska
Polk
Orange
Orange
Orange Grove
Jim Wells
Orchard
Fort Bend
Ore City
Upshur
Overton
Rusk
Smith
Ovilla*
Ellis
Dallas
Oyster Creek
Brazoria
Palacios
Matagorda
Palestine
Anderson
Palmhurst
Hidalgo
Palm Valley
Cameron
Palmview
Hidalgo
Pampa
Gray
Panorama Village
Montgomery
Paradise
Wise
Paris
Lamar
Parker
Collin
Pasadena
Harris
Pattison
Waller
Patton Village
Montgomery
Pearland*
Brazoria
Fort Bend
Harris
Pearsall
Frio
Pecan Gap*
Delta
Fannin
Pecan Hill
Ellis
Pecos
Reeves
Pelican Bay
Tarrant
Penitas
Hidalgo
Perryton
Ochiltree
Petersburg
Hale
Petrolia
Clay
Petronila
Nueces
Pflugerville
Travis
Williamson
Pharr
Hidalgo
Pilot Point
Denton
Pine Forest
Orange
Pinehurst
Orange
Pineland
Sabine
Piney Point Village
Harris
Pittsburg
Camp
Plainview
Hale
Plano*
Collin
Denton
Pleasanton
Atascosa
Plum Grove
Liberty
Point
Rains
Point Blank
San Jacinto
Point Comfort
Calhoun
Port Aransas
Nueces
Port Arthur*
Jefferson
Orange
Port Isabel
Cameron
Port Lavaca
Calhoun
Port Neches
Jefferson
Portland
Nueces
San Patricio
Post
Garza
Poteet
Atascosa
Poynor
Henderson
Prairie View
Waller
Premont
Jim Wells
Presidio
Presidio
Princeton
Collin
Progreso
Hidalgo
Progreso Lakes
Hidalgo
Quanah
Hardeman
Queen City
Cass
Quinlan
Hunt
Quitaque
Briscoe
Quitman
Wood
Ralls
Crosby
Ranger
Eastland
Rankin
Upton
Ravenna
Fannin
Raymondville
Willacy
Red Lick
Bowie
Red Oak
Ellis
Redwater
Bowie
Reklaw*
Cherokee
Rusk
Reno
Lamar
Reno
Parker
Tarrant
Rhome
Wise
Rice
Navarro
Richardson*
Dallas
Collin
Richland Hills
Tarrant
Richmond
Fort Bend
Richwood
Brazoria
Riesel
McLennan
Rio Bravo
Webb
Rio Grande City
Starr
Rio Hondo
Cameron
Rio Vista
Johnson
River Oaks
Tarrant
Riverside
Walker
Roanoke
Denton
Robert Lee
Coke
Robinson
McLennan
Robstown
Nueces
Roby
Fisher
Rockdale
Milam
Rockport
Aransas
Rockwall
Rockwall
Rollingwood
Travis
Roma
Starr
Ropesville
Hockley
Roscoe
Nolan
Rose City
Orange
Rose Hill Acres
Hardin
Rosebud
Falls
Rosenberg
Fort Bend
Ross
McLennan
Rotan
Fisher
Round Rock
Williamson
Rowlett*
Dallas
Rockwall
Roxton
Lamar
Royse City*
Rockwall
Collin
Hunt
Runaway Bay
Wise
Rusk
Cherokee
Sabinal
Uvalde
Sachse*
Dallas
Collin
Sadler
Grayson
Saginaw
Tarrant
Saint Jo
Montague
San Angelo
Tom Green
San Antonio *
Bexar
Medina
Comal
San Augustine
San Augustine
San Benito
Cameron
San Diego *
Duval
Jim Wells
San Elizario
El Paso
San Juan
Hidalgo
San Marcos *
Hays
Caldwell
Guadalupe
San Patricio
Nueces
San Patricio
San Perlita
Willacy
San Saba
San Saba
Sandy Oaks
Bexar
Sandy Point
Brazoria
Sanger
Denton
Sansom Park
Tarrant
Santa Clara
Guadalupe
Santa Fe
Galveston
Savoy
Fannin
Schertz*
Guadalupe
Bexar
Comal
Schulenburg
Fayette
Scotland
Archer
Scottsville
Harrison
Seabrook*
Chambers
Harris
Seadrift
Calhoun
Seagoville*
Dallas
Kaufman
Seagraves
Gaines
Sealy
Austin
Seguin
Guadalupe
Selma*
Bexar
Guadalupe
Comal
Seminole
Gaines
Seven Oaks
Polk
Seven Points*
Henderson
Kaufman
Seymour
Baylor
Shallowater
Lubbock
Shamrock
Wheeler
Shavano Park
Bexar
Shenandoah
Montgomery
Shepherd
San Jacinto
Sherman
Grayson
Shiner
Lavaca
Shoreacres*
Chambers
Harris
Silsbee
Hardin
Silverton
Briscoe
Simonton
Fort Bend
Sinton
San Patricio
Slaton
Lubbock
Smiley
Gonzales
Smithville
Bastrop
Snook
Burleson
Snyder
Scurry
Socorro
El Paso
Somerset
Bexar
Somerville
Burleson
Sonora
Sutton
Sour Lake
Hardin
South Houston
Harris
Southlake*
Tarrant
Denton
Southmayd
Grayson
Southside Place
Harris
Spearman
Hansford
Splendora
Montgomery
Spofford
Kinney
Spring Branch
Comal
Spring Valley Village
Harris
Springtown
Parker
Spur
Dickens
Stafford*
Fort Bend
Harris
Stamford*
Jones
Haskell
Stanton
Martin
Staples
Guadalupe
Star Harbor
Henderson
Stephenville
Erath
Sterling City
Sterling
Stinnett
Hutchinson
Stockdale
Wilson
Stratford
Sherman
Strawn
Palo Pinto
Sudan
Lamb
Sugar Land
Fort Bend
Sullivan City
Hidalgo
Sulphur Springs
Hopkins
Sundown
Hockley
Sunray
Moore
Sunrise Beach Village
Llano
Sunset Valley
Travis
Sun Valley
Lamar
Surfside Beach
Brazoria
Sweeny
Brazoria
Sweetwater
Nolan
Taft
San Patricio
Tahoka
Lynn
Talco
Titus
Tatum
Panola
Rusk
Taylor
Williamson
Taylor Lake Village
Harris
Taylor Landing
Jefferson
Teague
Freestone
Temple
Bell
Terrell
Kaufman
Terrell Hills
Bexar
Texarkana
Bowie
Texas City*
Galveston
Chambers
Texhoma
Sherman
The Colony
Denton
Thorndale
Milam
Williamson
Thrall
Williamson
Three Rivers
Live Oak
Timpson
Shelby
Toco
Lamar
Todd Mission
Grimes
Tolar
Hood
Tom Bean
Grayson
Tomball
Harris
Tool
Henderson
Trenton
Fannin
Grayson
Trinidad
Henderson
Trinity
Trinity
Troup*
Smith
Cherokee
Troy
Bell
Tulia
Swisher
Turkey
Hall
Tuscola
Taylor
Tye
Taylor
Tyler
Smith
Uhland*
Hays
Caldwell
Uncertain
Harrison
Union Grove
Upshur
Union Valley
Hunt
Universal City*
Bexar
Guadalupe
University Park
Dallas
Uvalde
Uvalde
Valley Mills*
Bosque
McLennan
Valley View
Cooke
Van
Van Zandt
Van Alstyne*
Grayson
Collin
Vega
Oldham
Vernon
Wilbarger
Victoria
Victoria
Vidor
Orange
Von Ormy
Bexar
Waco
McLennan
Waelder
Gonzales
Wake Village
Bowie
Waller*
Waller
Harris
Wallis
Austin
Walnut Springs
Bosque
Warren City*
Gregg
Upshur
Waskom
Harrison
Watauga
Tarrant
Waxahachie
Ellis
Weatherford
Parker
Webster
Harris
Weimar
Colorado
Weinert
Haskell
Weir
Williamson
Wellington
Collingsworth
Wellman
Terry
Weslaco
Hidalgo
West
McLennan
Westbrook
Mitchell
West Columbia
Brazoria
West Lake Hills
Travis
Weston
Collin
Weston Lakes
Fort Bend
West Orange
Orange
West Tawakoni
Hunt
West University Place
Harris
Westworth Village
Tarrant
Wharton
Wharton
Wheeler
Wheeler
White Oak
Gregg
White Settlement
Tarrant
Whitehouse
Smith
Whitesboro
Grayson
Whitewright*
Grayson
Fannin
Wichita Falls
Wichita
Willis
Montgomery
Willow Park
Parker
Wills Point
Van Zandt
Wilmer
Dallas
Wilson
Lynn
Wimberley
Hays
Windcrest
Bexar
Winfield
Titus
Wink
Winkler
Winnsboro
Franklin
Wood
Winters
Runnels
Wixon Valley
Brazos
Wolfe City
Hunt
Wolfforth
Lubbock
Woodbranch
Montgomery
Woodcreek
Hays
Woodway
McLennan
Wylie*
Collin
Rockwall
Dallas
Yoakum*
Lavaca
DeWitt
Yorktown
DeWitt
Zavalla
Angelina
100 largest cities in Texas by population[edit]
Population figures based on 2013 census estimates.[2]
Rank
Population
Place Name
1 2,195,914 Houston
2 1,409,019 San Antonio
3 1,379,260 Dallas
4 885,400 Austin
5 792,727 Fort Worth
6 674,433 El Paso
7 379,577 Arlington
8 316,381 Corpus Christi
9 274,409 Plano
10 248,142 Laredo
11 239,538 Lubbock
12 234,566 Garland
13 228,653 Irving
14 196,429 Amarillo
15 183,372 Grand Prairie
16 181,860 Brownsville
17 152,735 Pasadena
18 148,559 McKinney
19 143,484 Mesquite
20 137,147 Killeen
21 136,791 Frisco
22 136,639 McAllen
23 129,030 Waco
24 126,700 Carrollton
25 123,933 Midland
26 123,099 Denton
27 120,099 Abilene
28 117,796 Beaumont
29 110,720 Odessa
30 109,821 Round Rock
31 104,898 Wichita Falls
32 104,475 Richardson
33 101,074 Lewisville
34 100,223 Tyler
35 100,065 Pearland
36 100,050 College Station
37 97,492 San Angelo
38 92,020 Allen
39 90,983 League City
40 83,860 Sugar Land
41 81,443 Longview
42 81,050 Mission
43 80,836 Edinburg
44 78,709 Bryan
45 75,418 Baytown
46 73,790 Pharr
47 70,524 Conroe
48 70,190 Temple
49 70,185 Missouri City
50 68,609 Flower Mound
51 67,317 North Richland Hills
52 65,665 Harlingen
53 65,098 Victoria
54 63,279 New Braunfels
55 61,238 Cedar Park
56 60,872 Mansfield
57 58,043 Rowlett
58 54,898 Georgetown
59 54,135 Port Arthur
60 54,076 San Marcos
61 53,752 Pflugerville
62 53,224 Euless
63 51,483 DeSoto
64 50,195 Grapevine
65 48,733 Galveston
66 48,592 Bedford
67 46,663 Cedar Hill
68 46,081 Texas City
69 44,575 Wylie
70 43,580 Haltom City
71 42,907 Keller
72 40,922 Rockwall
73 40,714 Burleson
74 40,342 Coppell
75 39,795 Huntsville
76 39,605 Duncanville
77 39,458 The Colony
78 39,296 Sherman
79 38,448 Hurst
80 38,071 Lancaster
81 37,587 Friendswood
82 37,442 Texarkana
83 37,093 Weslaco
84 36,085 Lufkin
85 35,929 Schertz
86 35,593 San Juan
87 35,589 Del Rio
88 34,654 La Porte
89 33,868 Nacogdoches
90 33,237 Deer Park
91 33,188 Rosenberg
92 33,122 Copperas Cove
93 32,701 Little Elm
94 32,517 Socorro
95 31,760 Kyle
96 31,717 Leander
97 31,664 Farmers Branch
98 31,591 Waxahachie
99 29,747 Cleburne
100 28,234 Southlake
See also[edit]
Texas portal
Texas
List of unincorporated communities in Texas
List of cities in Texas by population
References[edit]
Majority of city names listed taken from Texas.gov
Other names from Thewoodlandstx.com
Jump up ^ As of 12 December, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2014-05-22. Retrieved 2014-06-06.

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