text:
Tami Roman
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Jump to: navigation, search
Tami Roman
Born
Tamisha Akbar
(1970-04-17) April 17, 1970 (age 47)
Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.
Nationality
American
Occupation
Television personality
model
actress
Years active
1992–present
Known for
Basketball Wives
(2010–2013); (2017-present)
Basketball Wives LA
(2015–2016)
The Real World: Los Angeles
(1992–1993)
Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars
(2015)
Spouse(s)
Kenny Anderson
(m. 1994; div. 2001)
Partner(s)
Reggie Youngblood
(2014–present)
Children
2
Website
officialtamiroman.com
Tamisha Akbar (born April 17, 1970), better known as Tami Roman is an American television personality, model, businesswoman and actress. Roman first gained fame on The Real World: Los Angeles, the second season of MTV's long-running reality television series, The Real World in 1993.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Filmography
2.1 Television
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Biography[edit]
Born Tamisha Akbar in Mount Vernon, New York to an African American mother and Puerto Rican father, Roman was raised as an only child in White Plains, New York Tami Roman: In 1993, she was cast on the second season of MTV's hit reality show The Real World, titled The Real World: Los Angeles. During the season, she was the first and most notable to have an abortion on reality television. Roman gained more fame as she appeared as the dealer on the 2001 revival of Card Sharks, and on several other shows, including an episode of One on One (Season 3, Episode 4). She was one of the five main cast members in the VH1 reality series Basketball Wives, which premiered in 2010.
Also, Roman was cast on the Basketball Wives spinoff Basketball Wives LA, starting with the fourth season in 2015. Roman appeared on two episodes of the CBS show, Extant. Roman can also be heard on Tami Roman's Love Talk & Hot Jamz with advice columnist and rapper Willie D of the Geto Boys and Reggie Youngblood. The show airs Monday thru Friday from 8-10pm Central time on Houston's KCOH Radio. Tami and her boyfriend Reggie Youngblood appeared on Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars for its 3rd season which premiered May 29, 2015. Roman is currently working on her hair and cosmetic lines.[2]
Roman was once married to NBA basketball player Kenny Anderson.[3] The marriage produced 2 children. [4]
Filmography[edit]
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1992–1993 The Real World: Los Angeles Cast member
1993 Married... with Children Meg 1 episode
1994 Silk Stalkings Dina 1 episode
1995 The Real World Vacations: Behind the Scenes Herself
The Real World Reunion Herself
1996 Lauren Hutton and... Herself
The Real World Reunion: Inside Out Video documentary
1997 The Real World You Never Saw Video documentary
1998 The Real World You Never Saw: Boston + Seattle Video documentary
2000 The Parkers Dena 1 episode
2001 Card Sharks Dealer
20/20 Herself 1 episode
The Steve Harvey Show Bernadette 1 episode
Sacred is the Flesh May
2002 The Drew Carey Show Susan 1 episode
2003 One on One Elizabeth 1 episode
Sabrina the Teenage Witch Saleslady #1 1 episode
2004 Hair Show Zora
Half & Half Spice 1 episode
JAG Beauty Tech 1 episode
2006 The Last Stand DeDe Calvin
2008 Moonlight Maureen "Mo" Williams 8 episodes
2010–2013; 2017 Basketball Wives Cast member
2014 Extant Cass Hendry
2015 Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars Herself 12 episodes
Celebrity Wife Swap Herself 2 episodes
2015–16 Basketball Wives LA Cast member
2017 Wild 'n Out Special guest
2017 Tales Silk 1 episode
See also[edit]
List of Puerto Ricans
References[edit]
Jump up ^ TELEVISION : A 'Real World' of Difference : Life has changed for seven young adults who took up residence in a $2-million Venice house for six months in a soap-opera documentary series conceived and aired by MTV: Everyone knows their names
Jump up ^ Tami Roman to Release Cosmetics Line
Jump up ^ http://historylocker.com/23-nba-players-that-lost-everything/15/?a=true
Jump up ^ https://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celeb/tv-personality/tami-roman-net-worth/
External links[edit]
Tami Roman on IMDb
Tami Roman Twitter
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tami_Roman&oldid=817778602"
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Staind
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Staind
Staind live at the LEC in Laredo, Texas, U.S. in 2009
Background information
Origin
Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Genres
Alternative metal
hard rock
nu metal
post-grunge
alternative rock
Years active
1995–2012
2014
2017
Labels
Flip
Elektra
Atlantic
Roadrunner
Associated acts
Saint Asonia
Website
staind.com
Past members
Aaron Lewis
Mike Mushok
Johnny April
Jon Wysocki
Sal Giancarelli
Staind (/steɪnd/ STAYND) is an American rock band formed in 1995. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Aaron Lewis, lead guitarist Mike Mushok, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny April, and drummer Jon Wysocki. The lineup has been stable outside of Wysocki's departure in 2011, who was replaced by Sal Giancarelli. The band has recorded seven studio albums: Tormented (1996), Dysfunction (1999), Break the Cycle (2001), 14 Shades of Grey (2003), Chapter V (2005), The Illusion of Progress (2008), and Staind (2011). The band's activity became more sporadic after their self-titled release; with Lewis pursuing a solo country music career and Mushok subsequently joining the band Saint Asonia, but the band continued to tour off and on in the coming years. As of 2016, Lewis had reiterated that the band has not broken up, and will possibly create another album, but that his current focus is his solo career. The band's most recently performed live in 2017, and as of 2018, is in a hiatus. The band has sold over 15 million records worldwide.[1] Many of the band's singles have substantially charted on US rock and all-format charts as well, including "It's Been Awhile", "Fade", "Price to Play", "So Far Away", and "Right Here".
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years and Tormented (1995–1998)
1.2 Dysfunction (1999–2000)
1.3 Break the Cycle (2001–2002)
1.4 14 Shades of Grey (2003–2004)
1.5 Chapter V (2005–2007)
1.6 The Illusion of Progress (2008–2009)
1.7 Staind and departure of Jon Wysocki (2010–2012)
1.8 Hiatus and return to touring (2012–2014)
1.9 Second hiatus and uncertain future (2014–present)
2 Musical style, lyrical topics, and influences
3 Band members
4 Discography
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Early years and Tormented (1995–1998)[edit]
In 1993, vocalist Aaron Lewis and guitarist Mike Mushok met at a Christmas party in Springfield, Massachusetts. Mushok introduced drummer Jon Wysocki while Lewis brought in bassist Johnny April to form the band in 1995. Their first public performance was in February 1995, playing in a heavy, dark and introspective style of metal.[2] Extensive touring in the Northeast helped Staind acquire a regional following over the next few years.
The band started covering Korn, Rage Against the Machine, Pearl Jam, Tool, and Alice in Chains, among others, and played at local clubs (most commonly playing at Club Infinity) for a year and a half. Staind self-released their debut album, Tormented, in November 1996, citing Tool, Faith No More, and Pantera as their influences.[3] In October 1997, Staind acquired a concert slot through Aaron's cousin Justin Cantor with Limp Bizkit.[citation needed] Just prior to the performance, Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst was appalled by Staind's grotesque album cover and unsuccessfully attempted to remove them from the bill. His perception changed, however, after being impressed with their performance.
Dysfunction (1999–2000)[edit]
On April 13, 1999, Staind released its major label debut Dysfunction on Flip Records. The album, which was co-produced by Fred Durst and Terry Date (who also produced acts like Soundgarden, Deftones, and Pantera), received comparisons to alternative metal giants Tool and Korn.[4] In particular, Aaron Lewis was lauded for his vocals, which were likened to those of Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder.[5]
The album achieved slow success, reaching the No. 1 spot on Billboard's Heatseeker Charts almost six months after its debut.[6] In the same week, the album jumped to No. 74 on Billboard's Top 200 Album Charts.[6] The nine-track LP (with one hidden track, "Excess Baggage") produced three singles, "Just Go", "Mudshovel", and "Home". "Mudshovel" and "Home" both received radio play, cracking the Top 20 of Billboard's Modern Rock and Mainstream Rock charts. In promotion of Dysfunction, Staind went on several tours, including the Family Values Tour with acts like Limp Bizkit and The Crystal Method, as well as opening for Sevendust's headlining tour.[7][8]
Break the Cycle (2001–2002)[edit]
Lewis performing at the Rolling Rock Town Fair on August 4, 2001.
Staind toured with Limp Bizkit for the Family Values Tour during the fall of 1999, where Aaron Lewis performed an early version of "Outside" with Fred Durst at the Mississippi Coast Coliseum. Staind released their third studio album Break the Cycle on May 22, 2001. Propelled by the success of their first single "It's Been Awhile", the album debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's Top 200 Album charts, selling 716,000 albums in its first week.[9] The album's first week sales were the second highest of any album that year.[10]
The album saw the band retaining their previous nu metal sound from their previous album. Despite the album having a lot of nu metal sounds, the album saw the band going further into their post-grunge sound which is evident in the smash hit song "It's Been Awhile" and the song led critics to compare the band to several of other post-grunge bands at the time.[11] "It's Been Awhile" (which hit the Billboard Top 10), "Fade", "Outside", "For You", and the acoustic ballad "Epiphany". "It's Been Awhile" spent a total of 16 and 14 weeks on top of the modern and mainstream rock charts, respectively, making it one of the highest joint numbers of all time.[12] In 2001, Break the Cycle sold four million copies worldwide, making it one of the best selling albums that year. Break the Cycle would go on to sell seven million copies worldwide, making this Staind's best selling album.[13]
14 Shades of Grey (2003–2004)[edit]
In early 2003, Staind embarked on a worldwide tour to promote the release of the follow-up to Break the Cycle, 14 Shades of Grey, which sold two million albums and debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200.[13] The album saw a departure from their previous nu metal sound and the album mostly contain a lighter and more melodic post-grunge sound.[14] The album provided two mainstream hits: the lead single "Price to Play" and "So Far Away", which spent 14 weeks on top of the rock chart.[12] In addition, two other singles were released; "How About You" and "Zoe Jane". The band's appearance at Reading Festival during the 2003 tour had another impromptu acoustic set, this time due to equipment failure. The singles "So Far Away" and "Price to Play" came with two unreleased tracks, "Novocaine" and "Let It Out", which were released for the special edition of the group's Chapter V, which came out in late 2005. In 2003, Staind unsuccessfully sued their logo designer Jon Stainbrook in New York Federal Court for attempting to re-use the logo he had sold to the band. They re-opened the case in mid-2005.[15]
Chapter V (2005–2007)[edit]
Staind concert with the title Chapter V in the background
Staind's fifth album, titled Chapter V, was released on August 9, 2005, and became their third consecutive number one. The album opened to sales of 185,000 and has since been certified platinum in the U.S. The first single "Right Here" was the biggest success from the album, garnering much mainstream radio play and peaking at number 1 on the mainstream rock chart. "Falling" (the video of which does not feature the band members at all) was released as the second single, followed by "Everything Changes" and "King of All Excuses". Staind went on the road when the album came out, doing live shows and promoting it for a full year, including participating in the Fall Brawl tour with P.O.D., Taproot and Flyleaf, a solo tour across Europe and a mini-promotional tour in Australia for the first time. Other live shows included a cover of Pantera's "This Love", a tribute to Dimebag Darrell. Staind appeared on The Howard Stern Show on August 10, 2005, to promote Chapter V. They performed acoustic renditions of the single "Right Here" and Beetlejuice's song "This is Beetle". In early November 2005, Staind released the limited edition 2-CD/DVD set of Chapter V. On September 6, 2006, Staind performed an acoustic show in the Hiro Ballroom, New York City that was recorded for their singles collection. They played sixteen songs including three covers: Tool's "Sober", Pink Floyd's "Comfortably Numb" and Alice in Chains's "Nutshell".
The collection The Singles: 1996–2006 was released on November 14, 2006. It included all the band's singles, the three covers performed at the New York show and a remastered version of "Come Again", from Staind's first independent release Tormented.[16]
The Illusion of Progress (2008–2009)[edit]
On August 19, 2008, Staind released their sixth album, The Illusion of Progress. Prior to the album's release, the track "This Is It" was available for download on the iTunes Store, as well as for Rock Band. The album debuted at No. 3 on US Billboard 200, No. 1 on the Top Modern Rock/Alternative Albums Chart, No. 1 on the Top Digital Albums Chart, and also No. 1 on the Top Internet Albums Chart, with first week sales of 91,800 units. The first single on the album, "Believe", topped Billboard's Top 10 Modern Rock Tracks on September 5, 2008. The band also supported Nickelback on their 2008 European tour. The second single was "All I Want", and came out on November 24. The single also became Staind's 13th top 20 hit on the rock charts. In Europe the second single was "The Way I Am", released on January 26, 2009. The final single released from the album, "This Is It", was sent to radio stations across the country on May 4, 2009. The single was also included on the successful Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – The Album released in late June 2009.[17] Staind embarked on a fall tour with the newly reunited Creed.
Staind and departure of Jon Wysocki (2010–2012)[edit]
Staind at Uproar Festival 2012
In March 2010, Aaron Lewis stated the band would start working on their seventh studio album by the end of the year.[18] Lewis had finished recording his country-tinged solo EP and had started a nonprofit organization to reopen his daughter's elementary school in Worthington, Massachusetts.[19] Guitarist Mike Mushok stated in a question and answer session with fans that the band was looking to make a heavy record, but still "explore some of the things we did on the last record and take them somewhere new for us".[20] In a webisode posted on the band's website, Lewis stated that eight songs were written and that "every one of them is as heavy or heavier than the heaviest song on the last record".[21]
In December 2010, Staind posted three webisodes from the studio, which featured the band members discussing the writing and recording process of their new album. They announced that as of April 20, the band had completed the recording of their untitled seventh album and would release it later that year.[22]
On May 20, 2011, Staind announced that original drummer Jon Wysocki had left the band.[23] Drummer Will Hunt filled in for a few dates, while Wysocki's drum tech Sal Giancarelli filled in for the rest of the tour. Three days later, it was reported that Staind's new album was originally called Seven, but was renamed Staind. It was released on September 13, 2011.[24] The first single "Not Again" was released to active radio stations on July 18.[25] The song "The Bottom" appeared on the Transformers: Dark of the Moon soundtrack.[26] On June 30, Staind released a song called "Eyes Wide Open" from their new record. "Eyes Wide Open" would later be released on November 29 as the album's second single. On July 12, Staind released the first single "Not Again" through YouTube and was officially released/available on July 26.
In November 2011, the band announced through their YouTube page that Sal Giancarelli was now an official member. The band continued to tour heavily into 2012; embarking on an April and May touring with Godsmack and Halestorm,[27] and the Uproar Festival in August and Setpember with Shinedown and a number of other artists.[28]
Hiatus and return to touring (2012–2014)[edit]
It was announced in July 2012 that the band was to be taking a hiatus. In an interview with Billboard Aaron Lewis stated that "We're not breaking up. We're not gonna stop making music. We're just going to take a little hiatus that really hasn't ever been taken in our career. We put out seven records in 14 years. We've been pretty busy."[29] Lewis also had plans to release his first solo album The Road.[30] During such time, Mike Mushok auditioned, and was selected, to play guitar for former Metallica bassist Jason Newsted's new band Newsted.[31] He featured on their debut album Heavy Metal Music.
Staind played their first show in two years at the Welcome To Rockville Festival on April 27, 2014.[32] They also played the Carolina Rebellion and Rock on the Range festivals in May 2014.[33]
Second hiatus and uncertain future (2014–present)[edit]
In late 2014, the band went on another hiatus. Aaron Lewis continued to play solo shows and work on his next solo album. He also confirmed that the hiatus would last "for a while". Mike Mushok teamed up with former Three Days Grace singer Adam Gontier, former Finger Eleven drummer Rich Beddoe and Eye Empire bassist Corey Lowery to form Saint Asonia.
When asked in an August 2016 interview about Staind's future, Mushok stated that the hiatus could possibly be the end of the band. He explained, "I remember '09, we stopped touring, and we did a record after that. We did the self-titled Staind record, which we did a little touring on. It was one of my favorite Staind records we had done. Aaron, I know, has another country record coming out in September. So...you know, we say we're gonna do something else, but there's no real plan for it right now. I know he's pursuing. And I know we're writing another record.".[34] In addition, Aaron Lewis indicated that he is focused on country music while noting "Do I think there's room somewhere down the road for Staind to play shows in the summertime, radio festivals and stuff like that? Sure. Do I think I have another one of those Staind records in me? Of course I do. All I have to do is live."[35]
On August 4, 2017, the band performed for the first time since November 2014 for an acoustic performance at Aaron Lewis' 6th annual charity golf tournament and concert when bassist Johnny April & drummer Sal Giancarelli joined Aaron Lewis & Mike Mushok to perform "Outside", "Something to Remind You", and "It's Been Awhile".[36] Three days later, Lewis announced that Staind would never tour extensively again, stating:
“The touring machine, as you call it, of Staind will never be again. Not like that, no. Never. I could never go back to playing six shows [a week] eight weeks in a row. I can’t do that. I have grown in my age and become very accustomed to playing Thursday, Friday and Saturday and being able to go home for a few days and unwind and try to kind of have a life aside from doing this.”
Musical style, lyrical topics, and influences[edit]
Topics of their lyrics cover issues of depression, relationships, death, addictions, finding one's self, betrayal and even Lewis' thoughts about becoming a father in the song "Zoe Jane" from 14 Shades of Grey, as well as reflecting on his upbringing in the song "The Corner" from The Illusion of Progress. Also from 14 Shades of Grey, the track titled "Layne" was written about Alice in Chains frontman Layne Staley in response to his death in 2002. The song is also about Staley's legacy and the effect his music had on the members of Staind, especially Aaron Lewis. Staind has been categorized as nu metal,[37][38][39][40] alternative metal,[41] heavy metal,[42] hard rock[43][44][45] and post-grunge.[46][47]
In 2001, Rolling Stone outlined the band's relationship to the nu metal label:
Staind got their first break in 1998 when [Fred] Durst signed the band to his Flip Records. That association has linked the group with "new metal," though Break the Cycle's sound is neither particularly new nor metal. The band doesn't rap, and though Mushok has adopted new-metal's minor-key guitar riffs, Lewis' dramatic voice and the anthemic quality of such songs as "Open Your Eyes" and "Fade" are more akin to Alice in Chains than to Korn. Aggressive yet reflective, Break the Cycle doesn't require a poisonous abundance of testosterone to be appreciated and is better suited to solitary listening than to the mosh pit.[48]
Members of Staind have cited Pantera, Kiss, Van Halen, Led Zeppelin, Whitesnake, the Beatles, Alice in Chains, Black Sabbath, Pearl Jam, Nirvana, Stone Temple Pilots, Helmet, James Taylor, Korn, Crosby, Stills & Nash as influences.[49][50][51][52]
Band members[edit]
Aaron Lewis – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1995–2012, 2014, 2017)
Mike Mushok – lead guitar (1995–2012, 2014, 2017)
Johnny April – bass, backing vocals (1995-2012, 2014, 2017)
Jon Wysocki – drums (1995–2011)
Sal Giancarelli – drums (2011–2012, 2014, 2017)
Touring musicians
Will Hunt – drums (2011)
Timeline
Discography[edit]
Main article: Staind discography
Studio albums
Tormented (1996)
Dysfunction (1999)
Break the Cycle (2001)
14 Shades of Grey (2003)
Chapter V (2005)
The Illusion of Progress (2008)
Staind (2011)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Staind – Roadrunner Records UK". Roadrunnerrecords.co.uk. 2011-09-19. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ Berelian, Essi (2005). The Rough Guide to Heavy Metal. Rough Guides. p. 343. ISBN 9781843534150.
Jump up ^ Tognazzini, Anthony. "Tormented - Staind | Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
Jump up ^ Hay, Carla (February 13, 1999). "Popular Uprisings". Billboard. Retrieved January 19, 2013. STAIND POWER: Is the rock world ready for Staind? Staind is a band whose Flip/Elektra album, "Dysfunction," sounds like "Tool meets Korn," according to Flip president Jordan Schur. "Dysfunction" was produced by Terry Date (Soundgarden, Deftones, White Zombie, Pantera), and it's the type of music that will appeal to those who like to delve into the harder edges of rock.
Jump up ^ Harris, Ron (July 26, 1999). "Sound Bites: audio reviews". Associated Press (archive). Retrieved January 19, 2013. Lead singer Aaron Lewis' vocals fuel the fire well. If Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder hadn't perfected the outcast rock warble first, Lewis would have done it anyway. There's no stopping Staind's determination behind the furious drumming of Jon Wysocki and adventurous guitar work from Mike Mushok.
^ Jump up to: a b Hay, Carla (October 23, 1999). Flip's Staind Stands Tall As Proof Of Rock's Resurgence. Billboard. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Limp Bizkit Talks "Real" Lineup As Family Values Tour Kicks Off MTV News. September 21, 1999.
Jump up ^ Sevendust Taps Powerman 5000, Staind, Skunk Anansie For U.S. Tour MTV News. July 27, 1999.
Jump up ^ Staind Score Third Straight Billboard Win With Chapter V MTV News. August 17, 2005.
Jump up ^ Pop Albums; A Prolonged Spin 'Cycle' for Staind LA Times. June 7, 2001.
Jump up ^ "University: Post-Grunge 101". Rhapsody. 2014-09-01. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Staind - Chart history (Billboard Hot 100)". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
^ Jump up to: a b "Staind - Chart history (Billboard 200 albums)". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "14 Shades of Grey - Staind | Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
Jump up ^ "Ohio Musician Files Countersuit Against STAIND For Trademark Infringement". Blabbermouth.net. March 19, 2005. Archived from the original on 2005-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Staind: 'The Singles: 1996-2006' CD, 'Staind: The Videos' DVD details revealed". Blabbermouth.net. 2006-10-18. Archived from the original on 2007-03-26. Retrieved 2006-10-18.
Jump up ^ "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen - Original Soundtrack". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Lewis: 'I've Never Tried To Be Master Of Anything' | Interviews @". Ultimate-guitar.com. 2008-08-23. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Staind's Aaron Lewis Starts New Charity, Discusses Solo Debut". Billboard.com. 2009-09-14. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Mike Mushok Q + A, part I – STAIND". Staind.com. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Staind in the Studio – Webisode # 3 – Staind". Staind.com. 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Staind Complete Recording Of New Album". Rockaccess.net. 2011-04-21. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Staind has parted ways with drummer Jon Wysocki". Staind.com. 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Staind: New Album Title Revealed". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Staind To Release 'Seven' In September :: Rock Access – Rock News". Rockaccess.net. 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ "'Transformers: Dark Of The Moon' Track List Announced :: Rock Access – Rock News". Rockaccess.net. 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
Jump up ^ http://loudwire.com/godsmack-staind-halestorm-dates-2012-u-s-tour/
Jump up ^ http://loudwire.com/godsmack-staind-halestorm-dates-2012-u-s-tour/
Jump up ^ Graff, Gary. "Aaron Lewis on Staind's Upcoming Hiatus: 'We're Not Breaking Up'". Billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Childers, Chad. "Staind Taking Hiatus, But Aaron Lewis States: 'We're Not Breaking Up' Read More: Staind Taking Hiatus, But Aaron Lewis States: 'We're Not Breaking Up'". Loudwire.com. Loudwire. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "STAIND Guitarist Joins NEWSTED". Blabbermouth. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Rockville 2014: Avenged Sevenfold, Korn + More". Loudwire. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns N' Roses, Avenged Sevenfold, Slayer, Motörhead Confirmed For Rock On The Range". Blabbermouth.net and. 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-01-16.
Jump up ^ "Mike Mushok: There Is 'No Real Plan' For Staind Recording Or Touring Again". Blabbermouth.net. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Lewis on Staind's Status: 'We Haven't Broken Up'". Loudwire.com. 28 September 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Staind Reunion and Tributes to Chris Cornell + Chester Bennington Highlight Aaron Lewis' Charity Show". Loudwire.com. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Guitar World Presents Nu-metal. Guitar World. 2002. p. 11. Retrieved: September 8th, 2015
Jump up ^ Udo, Tommy (2002). Brave Nu World. Sanctuary Publishing. pp. 82–96, 241–242. ISBN 1-86074-415-X.
Jump up ^ "Ventura County Reporter - Simple kind of man". Vcreporter.com. February 21, 2013. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Artists :: STAIND". MusicMight. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
Jump up ^ Grierson, Tim. "Staind - Staind Review". About.com. Retrieved on September 8th, 2015
Jump up ^ Grierson, Tim. "Top 10 Essential Rock Songs". About.com.
Jump up ^ "MULTI-PLATINUM HARD ROCKERS STAIND RETURN TO TROPICANA NOVEMBER 8". Tropicana. September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aaron Lewis trades hard rock of Staind for solo country gig". Centre Daily Times. September 26, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ https://www.rollingstone.com/country/features/aaron-lewis-on-being-too-country-and-future-of-staind-w442257
Jump up ^ "Staind Call Time Out, But Not Breaking Up". Music Feeds. July 24th, 2012. Retrieved on September 8th, 2015
Jump up ^ "Aaron Lewis: Staind frontman shows he's an outstanding stone country singer, too (review)". Cleveland.com. November 18th, 2012. Retrieved on September 8th, 2015
Jump up ^ https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/dark-stars-20010719
Jump up ^ "Korn, Slayer, Staind, Five Finger Death Punch Members Talk Pantera". Blabbermouth.net. December 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Amendola, Billy. "Web Exclusive Interview: Jon Wysocki of Staind". Modern Drummer.
Jump up ^ Young, Kevin (September 12, 2008). "Interview: Aaron Lewis". AskMen.
Jump up ^ Florino, Rick (July 27, 2011). "A Conversation Between Aaron Lewis of Staind and Corey Taylor of Stone Sour and Slipknot about "It Takes A Community"". ARTISTdirect.
External links[edit]
Official website
Staind discography at Discogs
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Law of the United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area.[1] English law applies in England and Wales, Northern Ireland law applies in Northern Ireland, and Scots law applies in Scotland. While these three systems diverge in the more detailed rules, there are also substantive fields of law which apply across the United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system because it was created by the political union of previously independent countries. Article 19 of the Treaty of Union, put into effect by the Acts of Union in 1707, created the Kingdom of Great Britain, but guaranteed the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system.[2] The Acts of Union of 1800, which combined Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, contained no equivalent provisions but preserved the principle of separate courts to be held in Ireland, of which the part called Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom.
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court in the land for all criminal and civil cases in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, and for all civil cases in Scots law.[3] The Supreme Court came into being in October 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords.[4][5] In England and Wales, the court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Courts of Northern Ireland follow the same pattern. In Scotland the chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases, and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases. Sheriff courts have no equivalent outside Scotland, as they deal with both criminal and civil caseloads.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the British overseas territories, and the British Crown dependencies. There are also immigration courts with UK-wide jurisdiction — the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal and Special Immigration Appeals Commission. The Employment tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal have jurisdiction throughout Great Britain, but not Northern Ireland.
Contents
[hide]
1 Three legal systems
1.1 English law
1.2 Northern Ireland law
1.3 Scots law
2 United Kingdom legislatures
2.1 United Kingdom Parliament
2.2 Northern Ireland Assembly
2.3 Scottish Parliament
2.4 National Assembly for Wales
3 See also
4 Notes
5 External links
Three legal systems[edit]
Main article: Legal systems of the world
There are three distinct legal jurisdictions in the United Kingdom: England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.[6] Each has its own legal system, distinct history and origins.
English law[edit]
Main article: English Law
The Royal Courts of Justice in London, home of the Senior Courts of England and Wales
"English law" is a term of art. It refers to the legal system administered by the courts in England and Wales, which rule on both civil and criminal matters. English law is renowned as being the mother of the common law and is based on those principles. English law can be described as having its own legal doctrine, distinct from civil law legal systems since 1189.
There has been no major codification of the law, rather the law is developed by judges in court, applying statute, precedent and case-by-case reasoning to give explanatory judgments of the relevant legal principles. These judgments are binding in future similar cases (stare decisis), and for this reason are often reported.
In the early centuries, the justices and judges were responsible for adapting the Writ system to meet everyday needs, applying a mixture of precedent and common sense to build up a body of internally consistent law, e.g., the Law Merchant began in the Pie-Powder Courts, see Court of Piepowder (a corruption of the Law French "pieds-poudrés" or "dusty feet", meaning ad hoc marketplace courts). As Parliament developed in strength, subject to the doctrine of separation of powers, legislation gradually overtook judicial law-making, so that today judges are only able to innovate in certain very narrowly defined areas. The year 1189 was defined in 1276 as being the boundary of time immemorial.
The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil appeal cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, and often has persuasive effect in its other jurisdictions. On appeal, a court may overrule the decisions of its inferior courts, such as county courts (civil) and magistrates' courts (criminal). The High Court may also quash on judicial review both administrative decisions of the Government and delegated legislation. The ultimate body of appeal for all criminal and civil cases in England and Wales (and Northern Ireland, and for all civil cases in Scots law) is the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, which took over this function from the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords (usually just referred to as "The House of Lords") in October 2009.[3]
After the Acts of Union, in 1707 English law became one of two legal systems in different parts of the same, united, kingdom and has been influenced by Scots law, most notably in the development and integration of the law merchant by Lord Mansfield and in time the development of the law of negligence. Scottish influence may have influenced the abolition of the forms of action in the nineteenth century and extensive procedural reforms in the twentieth.
Northern Ireland law[edit]
Main article: Northern Ireland law
The law of Northern Ireland is a common law system. It is administered by the courts of Northern Ireland, with ultimate appeal to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in both civil and criminal matters. The law of Northern Ireland is closely similar to English law, the rules of common law having been imported into the Kingdom of Ireland under English rule. However, there are still important differences.
The sources of the law of Northern Ireland are Irish common law, and statute law. Of the latter, statutes of the Parliaments of Ireland, of the United Kingdom and of Northern Ireland are in force, and latterly statutes of the devolved Assembly. The courts of Northern Ireland are headed by the Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland, consisting of the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal, the Northern Ireland High Court of Justice and the Northern Ireland Crown Court. Below that are county courts and magistrates' courts.
Scots law[edit]
Main article: Scots law
Parliament House in Edinburgh is the seat of the Supreme Courts of Scotland.
Scots law is a unique legal system with an ancient basis in Roman law. Grounded in uncodified civil law dating back to the Corpus Juris Civilis, it also features elements of common law with medieval sources. Thus Scotland has a pluralistic, or 'mixed', legal system, comparable to that of South Africa, and, to a lesser degree, the partly codified pluralistic systems of Louisiana and Quebec. Since the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain under the 1707 Acts of Union, Scots Law has shared a legislature with England and Wales, and while each retained fundamentally different legal systems, the 1707 Union brought English & Welsh influence upon Scots law, and vice versa. In recent years, Scots law has also been affected by both European law under the Treaty of Rome, and also following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament, which legislates within domestic areas of legislative competence.
The chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases,[7] and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases.[8] The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Scots law, with leave to appeal from the Court of Session not required as a general rule.[9] Sheriff courts deal with most civil and criminal cases including conducting criminal trials with a jury, known as sheriff solemn court, or with a sheriff and no jury, known as sheriff summary Court. The sheriff courts provide a local court service with 49 sheriff courts organised across six sheriffdoms.[10] The Scots legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts for a criminal trial: "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an acquittal with no possibility of retrial.[11]
The Cabinet Secretary for Justice is the member of the Scottish Government responsible for Police Scotland, the courts and criminal justice, and the Scottish Prison Service, which manages the prisons in Scotland.[12]
United Kingdom legislatures[edit]
Main article: United Kingdom legislation
United Kingdom Parliament[edit]
The Houses of Parliament, as seen over Westminster Bridge
Main article: Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is bicameral, with an upper house, the House of Lords, and a lower house, the House of Commons. The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual (the senior bishops of the Church of England) and the Lords Temporal (members of the Peerage); its members are not elected by the population at large. The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster (commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament"), in the City of Westminster in London. By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, are members of the House of Commons or House of Lords.
Parliament evolved from the early medieval councils that advised the sovereigns of England and Scotland. In theory, power is vested not in Parliament, but in the "Queen-in-Parliament" (or "King-in-Parliament"). The Queen-in-Parliament is, according to the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, completely sovereign with the power to make and unmake any law other than to bind itself.
In modern times, real power is vested in the House of Commons; the Sovereign acts only as a figurehead and the powers of the House of Lords are greatly limited.
Northern Ireland Assembly[edit]
Main article: Northern Ireland Assembly
The Northern Ireland Assembly (Irish: Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann,[13] Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann Semmlie)[14] is the devolved legislature of Northern Ireland. It has power to legislate in a wide range of areas that are not explicitly reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and to appoint the Northern Ireland Executive. It sits at Parliament Buildings at Stormont in Belfast.
The latest incarnation of the Assembly was established under the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, an accord aimed at bringing an end to Northern Ireland's violent 30-year Troubles. It is based on the principle of power-sharing under the D'Hondt method to ensure that Northern Ireland's largest political communities, the unionist and nationalist communities both participate in governing the region. The Assembly is a unicameral, democratically elected body comprising 108 members who are known as Members of the Legislative Assembly, or MLAs. Members are elected under the single transferable vote form of proportional representation.
Scottish Parliament[edit]
Main article: Scottish Parliament
The public entrance of the distinctive Scottish Parliament building, opened in October 2004
The Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Pairlament) is located in the Holyrood area of the capital Edinburgh. The Parliament, which is informally referred to as "Holyrood"[15] (cf. "Westminster"), is a democratically elected body of 129 members who are known as Members of the Scottish Parliament or MSPs. Members are elected for four-year terms under the Additional Member System of proportional representation. As a result, 73 MSPs represent individual geographical constituencies elected by the plurality voting system ("first past the post"), with a further 56 returned from eight additional member regions, each electing seven MSPs.[16] The original Parliament of Scotland (or "Estates of Scotland") was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland and existed from the early thirteenth century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.[17] As a consequence, the Parliament of Scotland merged with Parliament of England, to form the Parliament of Great Britain, which sat at Westminster in London.[17]
National Assembly for Wales[edit]
Main article: National Assembly for Wales
Since 2012, the National Assembly for Wales (Welsh: Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru) has been invested with legislative powers. It is situated in Cardiff. The National Assembly, first elected in 1999, is a democratically elected body of 60 members who are known as Assembly Members or AMs. Members are elected for four-year terms under the Additional Member System of proportional representation. As a result, 40 AMs represent individual geographical constituencies elected by the plurality voting system ("first past the post"), with a further 20 returned from five additional member regions, each region electing four AMs.
See also[edit]
Constitution of the United Kingdom
Legal education in the United Kingdom
British Nationality Law
British labour law
United Kingdom company law
UK commercial law
UK competition law
United Kingdom trade mark law
Copyright law of the United Kingdom
Software patents under United Kingdom patent law
UK Domestic Recycling Policy
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ “The UK has three legal systems, operating in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland”, direct.gov.uk, accessed 12 March 2007
Jump up ^ "The Treaty (act) of the Union of Parliament 1706". Scottish History Online. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Constitutional reform: A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom" (PDF). (252 KiB), Department for Constitutional Affairs; accessed 22 May 2006.
Jump up ^ UK Supreme Court judges sworn in BBC News, 1 October 2009
Jump up ^ "Constitutional reform: A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom" (PDF). (252 KB), Department for Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved on 22 May 2006
Jump up ^ "pdf file" (PDF). (64.6 KiB) "For the purposes of the English conflict of laws, every country in the world which is not part of England and Wales is a foreign country and its laws foreign. This means that not only totally foreign independent countries such as France or Russia... are foreign countries but also British Colonies such as the Falkland Islands. Moreover, the other parts of the United Kingdom – Scotland and Northern Ireland – are foreign countries for present purposes, as are the other British Islands, the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey." Conflict of Laws, J. G. Collier, Fellow of Trinity Hall and lecturer in Law, University of Cambridge
Jump up ^ "Court of Session – Introduction". Scottish Courts. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "High Court of Justiciary – Introduction". Scottish Courts. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "House of Lords – Practice Directions on Permission to Appeal". UK Parliament. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
Jump up ^ "Introduction". Scottish Courts. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "The case for keeping 'not proven' verdict". London: Times Online. 20 March 2005. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Scottish Cabinet and Ministers". Scottish Executive. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Comhaontú idir Rialtas na hÉireann agus Rialtas Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ag Bunú Comhlachtaí Forfheidhmithe" (in Irish). Oireachtas. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
Jump up ^ "Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch – Tha Boord" (in Scots). Ulster-Scots Agency. Archived from the original on 26 November 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "Scottish Parliament Word Bank". Scottish Parliament. Archived from the original on 3 December 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "Scottish Parliament MSPs". Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 14 November 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "The First Scottish Parliament: the Middle Ages – 1707". Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 14 November 2006.
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text:
Civil service commission
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A civil service commission is a government agency that is constituted by legislature to regulate the employment and working conditions of civil servants, oversee hiring and promotions, and promote the values of the public service. Its role is roughly analogous to that of the human resources department in corporations. Civil service commissions are often independent from elected politicians-
In Fiji for example, the PSC reviews government statutory powers to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in meeting public sector management objectives. It also acts as the human relations department, or central personnel authority, for the citizens interaction with the government.
The origin of the Public Service Commission in many jurisdictions was the White Paper Colonial 197 issued in 1950, which set out measures which were proposed to improve the quality and efficiency of the Colonial Service of the British Administration. The setting up of Public Service Commission was proposed in its paragraph 21(xi) which mentioned that:[1]
“ Public Service Commissions should be established in the Colonies. Subject to the general overriding powers of the Secretary of State, the selection and appointment of candidates in the Colonies to posts in the local service will lie with the Governor of the Colony. It is desirable that the Governor should be advised in these matters by a Public Service Commission appointed by him and so composed as to command the confidence of the Service and the public; ”
and that:
“ such Commissions should be established in the Colonies to advise the Governor on the selection and appointment of candidates to posts in the local service, and should be so composed as to command the confidence of the Service and the public. ”
List[edit]
Australian Public Service Commission[2]
Bangladesh Public Service Commission[3]
Brunei Public Service Commission[4]
Burma Union Civil Service Board[5]
Public Service Commission of Canada[6]
Examination Yuan of the Republic of China [7]
Fiji Public Service Commission[8]
Hong Kong Public Service Commission[9]
Kenya Public Service Commission[10]
India:
Union Public Service Commission
Karnataka Public Service Commission[11]
Bihar Public Service Commission[12]
Kerala Public Service Commission
Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission[13]
Ireland: Office of the Civil Service and Local Appointments Commissioners abolished 2004; succeeded by:
Commission for Public Service Appointments
Public Appointments Service
Malaysia Public Service Commission (Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam)[14]
Mauritius Public Service Commission[15]
Public Service Commission
Nigeria:
Federal Civil Service Commission
Rivers State Civil Service Commission
Pakistan: Federal Public Service Commission
Civil Service Commission of the Philippines[16]
Samoa Public Service Commission[17]
Sri Lanka Public Service Commission[18]
South Africa Public Service Commission[19]
Singapore Public Service Commission
United Kingdom Civil Service Commissioners[20]
United States
United States Civil Service Commission (defunct)
Office of Personnel Management (current)
Zimbabwe Public Service Commission
See also[edit]
Category:National civil service commissions - articles of national civil service commissions
Public Utilities Commission (some government utilities regulation agencies are called Public Service Commissions)
Public Service Commission, Nepal ;constitutional body (according to Constitution of Nepal, Article,242)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.psc.gov.hk/english/ann_rep/files/10rep.pdf
Jump up ^ Australian Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Bangladesh Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Brunei Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ http://www.ucsb.gov.mm
Jump up ^ Public Service Commission of Canada Official website
Jump up ^ Official website
Jump up ^ Fiji Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Hong Kong Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Kenya Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Karnataka Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Bihar Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Malaysia Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Mauritius Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Civil Service Commission of the Philippines Official website
Jump up ^ Samoa Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ Sri Lanka Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ South Africa Public Service Commission Official website
Jump up ^ United Kingdom Civil Service Commissioners Official website
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Plate smashing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Plate smashing is a Greek custom involving the smashing of plates or glasses during celebratory occasions. In popular culture, the practice is most typical of foreigners' stereotypical image of Greece, and while it occurs more rarely today, it continues to be seen on certain occasions, such as weddings, although plaster plates are more likely to be used.
Contents
[hide]
1 History in Greece
1.1 Ancient and medieval
1.2 Modern times
2 In popular culture
3 See also
4 External links
History in Greece[edit]
Ancient and medieval[edit]
The custom probably derives from an ancient practice of ritually "killing" plates on mourning occasions, as a means of dealing with loss. Breaking plates may also be related to the ancient practise of conspicuous consumption, a display of one's wealth, as plates or glasses are thrown into a fireplace following a banquet instead of being washed and reused.
Modern times[edit]
In 1969, the military dictatorship of Georgios Papadopoulos, that had suspended democracy and ruled Greece autocratically from 1967 to 1974, banned plate smashing[citation needed]. Nowadays specially-produced plaster plates are used. Another modern variation on the custom is for diners at small Greek restaurants or tavernas to buy trays of flowers that they can throw at singers and each other[citation needed].
In popular culture[edit]
In the Three's Company episode "Opening Night," (November 16, 1982) Larry Dallas invites his family, visiting from Greece, to Jacks Bistro. The large family gathering ends with the Greek celebratory custom of the breaking of plates. Reluctant at first because of all the money it will cost to replace the plates, Jack joins in the celebration when Larry says they will cover the bill for each plate. Jack then looks at Janet who shows him the final cost of all the plates that were broken. Jack, while clenching the remaining two plates he owns, throws them up in the air and says "Opa!" and lets them break as well.
In Part I of The Love Boat S6 E18 episode (February 5, 1983) titled: "Isaac's Aegean Affair/The Captain and the Kid/Poor Rich Man/The Dean and the Flunkee," Gopher initiates plate smashing in a Greek restaurant.
In the Full House episode, "Greek Week", there is a scene at a Greek family party where Rebecca Donaldson smashes a one plate. Then Joey Gladstone leads the crowds in plate smashing while Danny Tanner frantically tries to clean up the broken plates off the floor.
In the Frasier episode "Beware of Greeks," (March 17, 1998), Frasier's Greek cousin is getting married and his cousin's mother smashes plates at the wedding reception.
In Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, episode 2.6 (November 12, 2005 ), Coconut Head smashes a plate on his head for his presentation on Greece.
The 2009 Australian stop motion animated dark comedy film Mary and Max features a plate smashing scene.
In Packed to the Rafters, episode 4.1 (February 8, 2011), the character Nick 'Carbo' Karandonis and his fiancée have an engagement party which includes smashing plaster plates and the mistaken smashing of porcelain plates.
In Come Dine with Me Canada, episode 2.16 (October 3, 2011), the evening ended with plate smashing "in keeping with the Greek ritual."
In Kitchen Cabinet, episode 2.3 (July 16, 2013), independent Australian Senator Nick Xenophon and host Annabel Crabb end a dinner discussion at a Greek "yiros" restaurant with an impromptu plate smashing.
See also[edit]
Zeibekiko, a Greek folk dance by the groom
Breaking the glass at Jewish weddings
Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines
Marriage and wedding customs in Greece
Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines
Nightclubs in Greece
External links[edit]
"Kefi - The Spirit of Greece," about.com.
"Having a Smashing Time in Greece. Why do Greeks break plates?," about.com.
"Breaking Plates in Greek Tavernas," greecetravel.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plate_smashing&oldid=814978458"
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