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Baby Baby (Amy Grant song)
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"Baby Baby"
Single by Amy Grant
from the album Heart in Motion
Released
January 18, 1991 (1991-01-18)
Format
7-inch, cassette, CD
Recorded
1989 /Spring 1990 at The Bennet House, Franklin, TN
Quad Studio, Nashville, TN
Genre
Pop
Length
3:57
Label
A&M
Songwriter(s)
Keith Thomas, Amy Grant
Producer(s)
Keith Thomas
Amy Grant singles chronology
"'Tis So Sweet to Trust in Jesus"
(1989) "Baby Baby"
(1991) "Hope Set High"
(1991)
"'Tis So Sweet to Trust in Jesus"
(1989) "Baby Baby"
(1991) "Hope Set High"
(1991)
Music video
"Baby Baby" on YouTube
"Baby Baby" is a pop song by American recording artist Amy Grant and it was issued as the first single from her 1991 album Heart in Motion. The song was written by Keith Thomas and Grant. It was released on January 18, 1991 through A&M Records and topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for two consecutive weeks in April 1991, becoming the first in a string of hits from Heart in Motion. In 1992 Kids Incorporated covered "Baby Baby" in the Season 8 episode "Fashion Forward".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Composition
3 Chart performance
4 Music video
4.1 Development and release
4.2 Release and reception
5 Track listings
6 Official versions
7 Credits and personnel
8 Charts
8.1 Weekly charts
8.2 Year-end charts
9 Legacy
10 References
11 External links
Background[edit]
The music was written by Keith Thomas. Grant always knew the song would be a smash hit, and was begging Thomas to sing the song.[2] He agreed with the only condition that the song's title must be "Baby Baby". Grant had a hard time writing the lyrics, because her early attempts to write a romantic-sounding lyric to a song with such title came off sounding like "some overgrown football jock with no vocabulary trying desperately to be romantic".[3] But one day, after having seen her six-week-old daughter Millie, she said to herself: "Oh, baby baby". As a result, the lyrics were written in about ten minutes in her kitchen. In the Heart in Motion booklet are the words: This song is dedicated to Millie, whose six-week-old face was my inspiration. Millie would also appear on stage during Grant's performance at the 34th Grammy Awards.
Composition[edit]
"Baby Baby"
The first 32 seconds of Amy Grant's "Baby Baby"
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The song is almost four minutes in length and is composed in the key of F-sharp major, set in the time signature of 4/4 common time with a moderate tempo. In the middle of the song, the key is changed to G-sharp major, then for a short amount of time goes back to F-sharp major and finally ends with Ab major. Grant's vocal range spans from F2♯ to D4♯. The song consists of three different verses that are interrupted by a bridge Stop for a minute, baby I'm so glad you're mine. Lyrically, the song praises that special someone and expresses love that started since the day her heart was "put in motion". The chorus is the source of the album's title: And ever since the day you put my heart in motion, baby I realized that there's just no gettin' over you. It fades out with the lyrics:
Don't stop givin' love
Don't stop, no
(Baby I'm so glad)
Glad that you're mine
Baby I'm glad
Chart performance[edit]
"Baby Baby" was Amy Grant's biggest hit since her 1986 duet with Peter Cetera, "The Next Time I Fall". In the United States, "Baby Baby" became Grant's second number-one hit on the pop charts and her first as a solo artist, topping the Billboard Hot 100 (replacing Wilson Phillips' "You're in Love" from the top spot) and Adult Contemporary charts for two and three weeks, respectively. It also made Grant the first Christian pop singer to have a number-one single in the United States.[4] The single reached the Top Ten in ten countries, in addition to reaching No. 11 in Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, "Baby Baby" was the singer's first (and only) Top Five hit in that country, reaching No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart. "Baby Baby" went on to become Grant's biggest hit single and one of the most successful singles of 1991.
Music video[edit]
Development and release[edit]
Grant singing and dancing along with her on-screen love interest
A music video was directed by D.J. Webster.[5] The video was edited by Scott C. Wilson.
According to Webster, the video's main idea was to create a picture of the relationship that everybody wants.[5] Grant added, "I think when you get film where there is a good sense of humor and mutual respect and people are just having a good time, everybody wants a piece of that".[5] Its beginning features Grant receiving attention from other men, and her staying loyal to her lover, portrayed by model Jme Stein (who also appeared in her other video from that album "Good for Me"). At some point Stein is seen singing along with Grant and at the end lip-syncing to the words "Baby I'm so glad". The rest of the video is all about the couple having fun together.
Release and reception[edit]
The video first aired in March 1991, although MTV didn't air it until it had become too popular not to.[6] A music critic J.D. Considine praised the video, writing that "the Baby Baby clip defines the way most of us imagine her. It was hardly typical video fare, with no special effects or exotic locales; all it offered was Grant and a good-looking guy cavorting and acting cute as she lip-synced to the song. Yet there was something genuinely appealing about the image it conveyed, something that made viewers want to see the thing again".[5] It received a nomination for Best Female Video at the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost to Janet Jackson's "Love Will Never Do".
It's available on the 1992 VHS The Heart in Motion Video Collection and 2004 DVD Greatest Videos 1986-2004. A live performance is available on the 2006 DVD Time Again… Amy Grant Live.
Track listings[edit]
US retail CD single
"Baby Baby" (7-inch Heart in Motion mix*) – 3:50
"Baby Baby" (12-inch Heart in Motion mix*) – 6:02
"Lead Me On" (LP version) – 5:36
US promotional CD single
"Baby Baby" (LP version) – 3:56
"Baby Baby" (7-inch No Getting over You mix*) – 4:01
"Baby Baby" (7-inch Heart in Motion mix*) – 3:50
"Baby Baby" (12-inch No Getting over You mix*) – 5:57
"Baby Baby" (12-inch Heart in Motion mix*) – 6:02
UK retail CD single
"Baby Baby" (No Getting over You mix*) – 4:01
"Baby Baby" (Heart in Motion mix*) – 6:01
"Lead Me On" – 5:36
Dave Aude Remixes single
"Baby Baby" (featuring Dave Aude) [Radio Edit] - 3:59
"Baby Baby" (featuring Dave Aude) [Extended Mix] - 5:23
"Baby Baby" (featuring Dave Aude) [Dub] - 4:55
Official versions[edit]
Album version – 3:57
7-inch "Heart in Motion Mix"* – 3:50
12-inch "Heart in Motion Mix"* – 6:02
7-inch "No Getting Over You Mix"* – 4:01
12-inch "No Getting Over You Mix"* – 5:57
"Dave Audé Extended Mix" – 5:23
"Dave Audé Radio Edit" – 3:59
"Dave Audé Dub" – 4:55
"Eric Kupper's Director's Cut FK Is Always with Me Club Mix" – 7:22
"Eric Kupper's Director's Cut FK Is Always with Me Dub" – 7:22
"Eric Kupper's Director's Cut FK Is Always with Me Mixshow" – 5:19
"Eric Kupper's Director's Cut FK Is Always with Me Radio Edit" – 3:46
"Mike Cruz Retro Club Remix" – 7:53
"Mike Cruz Retro Dub Remix" – 7:23
"Mike Cruz Retro Mixshow" – 7:08
"Mike Cruz Instrumental Remix" – 7:53
"KoKo Remix" – 4:18
Credits and personnel[edit]
Amy Grant – vocals
Bill Whittington – recording engineer
Todd Culross – assistant engineer
Kelly Pribble – assistant engineer
Todd Moore – assistant engineer
Brian Malouf – mixing
Pat MacDougall – assistant engineer
Daniel Abraham - additional production and remix ("Heart in Motion" 7-inch and 12-inch mixes, "No Getting over You" 7-inch and 12-inch mixes)
Todd Moore – production assistant
Keith Thomas – synthesizers, bass, and drum programming
Jerry McPherson – guitars
Donna McElroy – background vocals
Vicky Hampton – background vocals
Ron Hemby – background vocals
Brian Tankersley – additional synth programming
Credits adapted from Heart in Motion booklet.[7]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[8] 5
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[9] 7
Canada (The Record)[10] 2
Canadian Adult Contemporary (RPM)[11] 1
Canadian Dance/Urban (RPM)[12] 1
Canadian Top Singles (RPM)[13] 2
Denmark (IFPI)[14] 10
Germany (Official German Charts)[15] 8
Ireland (Irish Singles Chart)[16] 7
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[17] 31
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[18] 23
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[19] 2
Norway (VG-lista)[20] 6
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[21] 5
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[22] 11
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[23] 2
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[24] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[25] 1
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[26] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Position
Australia 31
Canada[27] 15
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[28] 26
United States[29] 10
Preceded by
"You're in Love" by Wilson Phillips Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
April 27, 1991 – May 4, 1991 (2 weeks) Succeeded by
"Joyride" by Roxette
Legacy[edit]
The song received three Grammy nominations for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year, but lost in all three categories to Bonnie Raitt's "Something to Talk About" and Natalie Cole's "Unforgettable", respectively.[citation needed]
Grant appeared on Monday Night Football in a promotional music video for "Baby Baby" that featured new lyrics custom-made for the night's game.[citation needed] "Baby Baby" was covered by The Swirling Eddies on the 1996 album Sacred Cows.[30] It was covered by Alana D on the Mr. & Mrs. Smith soundtrack.[citation needed] It is also featured in the 2004 film Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle.[citation needed] It was also briefly referenced in the 30 Rock episode "Queen of Jordan" where it was derided as "white nonsense".[citation needed] The song is referenced in Grant's 1997 Got Milk? ad.[citation needed] The song is heard in the Only Fools and Horses episode "Miami Twice" when Del Boy and Rodney arrive in the night club they go to in Miami.[citation needed]
Grant recorded an updated version of the song with pop artist Tori Kelly. Released on April 29, 2016, it commemorates the song's 25th anniversary.[31]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kids Incorporated - Baby, Baby (1992)
Jump up ^ "Life is the same for Amy Grant". The Mount Airy News. Nashville, Tennessee: Heartland Publications, LLC. Associated Press. May 14, 1991. p. 11. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (1997). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books. p. 785. ISBN 978-0-8230-7641-3.
Jump up ^ Nager, Larry (August 1, 1991). "Modern gospel crawls up charts". The Vindicator. The Vindicator Printing Co. p. D3. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Considine, J. D. (September 4, 1994). "A matter of perception". The Spokesman-Review. Cowles Publishing Company. p. 6. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Morse, Steve (May 17, 1991). "Amy Grant crosses over". The Boston Globe. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0743-1791. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Heart in Motion (Liner Notes [CD, Album]). Amy Grant. EMI Records. 1991. 0946 3 96796 2 1.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Amy Grant – Baby Baby". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Amy Grant – Baby Baby" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ Lwin, Nanda. Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide (2000). Mississauga, Ont.: Music Data Canada
Jump up ^ "Adult Contemporary - Volume 53, No. 25, May 25, 1991". RPM. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dance/Urban - Volume 53, No. 26, June 01 1991". RPM. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 53, No. 25, May 25, 1991". RPM. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Denmark" (PDF). Music & Media. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Grant,Amy Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Irish Singles Chart – Search for song". Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 28, 1991" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Amy Grant – Baby Baby" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Amy Grant – Baby Baby". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Amy Grant – Baby Baby". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Amy Grant – Baby Baby". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Amy Grant – Baby Baby". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Amy Grant Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Amy Grant Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Amy Grant Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 55, No. 3, December 21, 1991". RPM. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1991". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1991". Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mark Allender. "Sacred Cows". AllMusic. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Amy Grant Releasing Updated Version of "Baby Baby" With Tori Kelly"". Vintage Vinyl News. April 18, 2016.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Amy Grant
Discography
Awards and nominations
Studio albums
Amy Grant
My Father's Eyes
Never Alone
Age to Age
Straight Ahead
Unguarded
Lead Me On
Heart in Motion
House of Love
Behind the Eyes
Legacy... Hymns and Faith
Simple Things
Rock of Ages... Hymns and Faith
Somewhere Down the Road
How Mercy Looks from Here
Christmas albums
A Christmas Album
The Animals' Christmas (with Art Garfunkel)
Home for Christmas
20th Century Masters - The Christmas Collection: The Best of Amy Grant (Home for Christmas re-release)
A Christmas to Remember
Compilation albums
The Collection
Her Greatest Inspirational Songs
Greatest Hits 1986-2004
My Best Christmas
Greatest Hits
The Christmas Collection
Be Still and Know... Hymns & Faith
Live albums
In Concert
In Concert Volume Two
Time Again... Amy Grant Live
Singles/EPs
"El Shaddai"
"Ageless Medley (EP)"
"Angels"
"Find a Way"
"Everywhere I Go"
"Wise Up"
"Sharayah"
"Stay for Awhile"
"The Next Time I Fall"
"Saved by Love"
"Lead Me On"
"1974 (We Were Young)"
"What About the Love"
"Say Once More"
"Faithless Heart"
"'Tis So Sweet to Trust in Jesus"
"Baby Baby"
"Hope Set High"
"Every Heartbeat"
"That's What Love Is For"
"Good for Me"
"I Will Remember You"
"Grown-Up Christmas List"
"Let the Season Take Wing"
"House of Love"
"Lucky One"
"Say You'll Be Mine"
"Big Yellow Taxi"
"Oh How the Years Go By"
"Takes a Little Time"
"Simple Things"
"She Colors My Day"
"Better Than a Hallelujah"
Television
Three Wishes
Books
Mosaic: Pieces of My Life So Far
Related articles
Vince Gill
Gary Chapman
Book:Amy Grant
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text:
Mercury-in-glass thermometer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Mercury-in-glass thermometer for measurement of room temperature. Daniel Fahrenheit's mercury-in-glass thermometer was far more reliable and accurate than any that had existed before, and the mercury thermometers in use today are made in the way Fahrenheit devised.
Danzig-born Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a pioneer of exact thermometry (or precision thermometry. He invented the mercury thermometer (first practical, accurate thermometer) and Fahrenheit scale (first standardized temperature scale to be widely used).
The mercury-in-glass or mercury thermometer was invented by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam (1714). It consists of a bulb containing mercury attached to a glass tube of narrow diameter; the volume of mercury in the tube is much less than the volume of the bulb. The volume of mercury changes slightly with temperature; the small change in volume drives the narrow mercury column a relatively long way up the tube. The space above the mercury may be filled with nitrogen or it may be at less than atmospheric pressure, a partial vacuum.
In order to calibrate the thermometer, the bulb is made to reach thermal equilibrium with a temperature standard such as an ice/water mixture, and then with another standard such as water/vapour, and the tube is divided into regular intervals between the fixed points. In principle, thermometers made of different material (e.g., coloured alcohol thermometers) might be expected to give different intermediate readings due to different expansion properties; in practice the substances used are chosen to have reasonably linear expansion characteristics as a function of true thermodynamic temperature, and so give similar results.
The application of mercury (1714) and Fahrenheit scale (1724) for liquid-in-glass thermometers ushered in a new era of accuracy and precision in thermometry.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Maximum thermometer
3 Maximum minimum thermometer
4 Physical properties
5 Phase-out
5.1 List of countries with regulations or recommendations on mercury thermometers
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
A large mercury in glass thermometer.
See also: Liquid-in-glass thermometer and Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology
The thermometer was used by the originators of the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.
Anders Celsius, a Swedish scientist, devised the Celsius scale, which was described in his publication The origin of the Celsius temperature scale in 1742.
Celsius used two fixed points in his scale: the temperature of melting ice and the temperature of boiling water. This wasn't a new idea, since Isaac Newton was already working on something similar. The distinction of Celsius was to use the condition of melting and not that of freezing. The experiments for reaching a good calibration of his thermometer lasted for 2 winters. By performing the same experiment over and over again, he discovered that ice always melted at the same calibration mark on the thermometer. He found a similar fixed point in the calibration of boiling water to water vapour (when this is done to high precision, a variation will be seen with atmospheric pressure; Celsius noted this). At the moment that he removed the thermometer from the vapour, the mercury level climbed slightly. This was related to the rapid cooling (and contraction) of the glass.
When Celsius decided to use his own temperature scale, he originally defined his scale "upside-down", i.e. he chose to set the boiling point of pure water at 0 °C (212 °F) and the freezing point at -100 °C (-32 °F).[2] One year later, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Christin proposed to invert the scale with the freezing point at 0 °C (32 °F) and the boiling point at 100 °C (212 °F).[3] He named it Centigrade (100 grades).
Finally, Celsius proposed a method of calibrating a thermometer:
Place the cylinder of the thermometer in melting ice made of pure water and mark the point where the fluid in the thermometer stabilises. This point is the freeze/thaw point of water.
In the same manner mark the point where the fluid stabilises when the thermometer is placed in boiling water vapour.
Divide the length between the two marks into 100 equal parts.
These points are adequate for approximate calibration but both vary with atmospheric pressure. Nowadays, the triple point of water is used instead of the freezing point (the triple point occurs at 273.16 kelvins (K), 0.01 °C).
Before the discovery of the true thermodynamic temperature, the thermometer defined the temperature; thermometers made with different materials would define different temperature scales (a coloured alcohol thermometer would give a slightly different reading than a mercury thermometer at, say half-scale). In practice, several materials gave very similar temperatures to each other and, when discovered, to the thermodynamic temperature.
Maximum thermometer[edit]
Closeup of a maximum thermometer. The break in the column of mercury is visible.
A medical mercury-in-glass maximum thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 °C.
A special kind of mercury-in-glass thermometer, called a maximum thermometer, works by having a constriction in the neck close to the bulb. As the temperature rises, the mercury is pushed up through the constriction by the force of expansion. When the temperature falls, the column of mercury breaks at the constriction and cannot return to the bulb, thus remaining stationary in the tube. The observer can then read the maximum temperature over the set period of time. To reset the thermometer it must be swung sharply. This design is used in the traditional type of medical thermometer.
Maximum minimum thermometer[edit]
A maximum minimum thermometer, also known as Six's thermometer, is a thermometer which registers the maximum and minimum temperatures reached over a period of time, typically 24 hours. The original design contains mercury, but solely as a way to indicate the position of a column of alcohol whose expansion indicates the temperature; it is not a thermometer operated by the expansion of mercury; mercury-free versions are available.
Physical properties[edit]
Mercury thermometers cover a wide temperature range from −37 to 356 °C (−35 to 673 °F); the instrument's upper temperature range may be extended though the introduction of an inert gas such as nitrogen. This introduction of an inert gas increases the pressure on the liquid mercury and therefore its boiling point is increased, this in combination with replacing the Pyrex glass with fused quartz allows the upper temperature range to be extended to 800 °C (1,470 °F).
Mercury cannot be used below the temperature at which it becomes solid, −38.83 °C (−37.89 °F). If the thermometer contains nitrogen, the gas may flow down into the column when the mercury solidifies and be trapped there when the temperature rises, making the thermometer unusable until returned to the factory for reconditioning. To avoid this, some weather services require that all mercury-in-glass thermometers be brought indoors when the temperature falls to −37 °C (−35 °F).
To measure lower meteorological temperatures, a thermometer containing a mercury-thallium alloy which does not solidify until the temperature drops to −61.1 °C (−78.0 °F) may be used.
Phase-out[edit]
As of 2012[update], many mercury-in-glass thermometers are used in meteorology; however, they are becoming increasingly rare for other uses, as many countries banned them for medical use due to the toxicity of mercury. Some manufacturers use galinstan, a liquid alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, as a replacement for mercury.
The typical "fever thermometer" contains between 0.5 and 0.3 g (0.28 and 0.17 drachms) of elemental mercury.[4][5] Swallowing this amount of mercury would, it is said, pose little danger but the inhaling of the vapour could lead to health problems.[6]
List of countries with regulations or recommendations on mercury thermometers[edit]
Map of the countries of the European Union that banned mercury-in-glass thermometers according to Directive 2007/51/EC as of 22 January 2013. Countries in blue have made legal bans on the issue, countries in gray are of unknown status at the present, and countries in red are those whose "Member State does not consider national execution measures necessary."[7]
Argentina
In February 2009, the Argentine Health Ministry instructed by resolution 139/09 that all health centres and hospitals should buy mercury-free thermometers and blood pressure meters and called on dentists, medical technicians, and environmental health specialists to start eliminating this toxin.[8] As of 2016[update] mercury thermometers were still on sale to the public at pharmacies.
Austria
There was a voluntary take-back action for thermometers containing mercury based on the Federal Waste Management Plan 2006, and carried out in close cooperation between the Austrian Chamber of Pharmacists (Österreichische Apothekerkammer), the Federal Ministry of Environment, a private waste disposer, a producer of electronic thermometers and a pharmaceutical distributor. The disposal company supplied each pharmacy (approximately 1,200) with a collection bin and covered the cost of disposal. The pharmaceutical distributor covered the logistical costs for the distribution of the thermometers. The pharmacies accepted a refund of only 0.50 Euro per thermometer for handling (which is far below their normal margin). The supplier provided the thermometers at a reduced price. The Federal Ministry supported each sold thermometer (covering about 30% of the direct costs) and advertised the project. During the collection period, consumers could bring in a mercury thermometer and buy an electronic thermometer for a subsidised price of 1 Euro. Between October 2007 and January 2008, about 465,000 electronic thermometers were sold and about one million mercury thermometers (together containing about 1 tonne of mercury) were collected.[9]
Philippines
By the Philippines Department of Health’s Administrative Order 2008-0221, all mercury equipment from hospitals, including mercury-in-glass thermometers, will be phased out in the Philippines by September 28, 2010. Even before the order was released, 50 hospitals have already banned mercury from their establishments. Among these fifty hospitals, the Philippine Heart Center was the first one to do so. San Juan de Dios Hospital, Philippine Children’s Medical Center, San Lazaro Hospital, Ospital ng Muntinlupa, Lung Center of the Philippines, the National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Manila Adventist Medical Center and Las Piñas Hospital also made steps to ban the toxic chemical. The country was the first one to make a step to ban mercury from its health care system in Southeast Asia.[10][11]
United Kingdom
Since European Union directive 2007/51/EC came into force on 3 April 2009, the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) reported that mercury thermometers could no longer be sold to the general public. Shops holding stocks of unsold thermometers had to withdraw them from sale; mercury thermometers purchased before this date could be used without legal implications. The purpose of these restrictions is to protect the environment and public health by decreasing the amount of mercury waste released.[12] The HPA had, in 2007, released a guide to dealing with small spills of mercury.[13]
United States of America
In the United States, both the American Academy of Pediatrics[14] and the United States Environmental Protection Agency[15] recommend that alternative thermometers be used in the home.[14]
See also[edit]
Mercury probe, an electrical probing device to sample for electrical characterization
Mercury switch, an electrical circuit, on-off switch using the element mercury
Mercury swivel commutator, an electrical circuit, current-reversing switch using the element mercury
Mercury vapour turbine, a rotary engine to produce electricity from mercury vapor
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Grigull, Ulrich (1966). Fahrenheit, a Pioneer of Exact Thermometry. (The Proceedings of the 8th International Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 1966, Vol. 1, pp. 9-18.)
Jump up ^ "Anders Celsius 1701–1744". Astronomical Observatory: History. Uppsala University.
Jump up ^ Smith, Jacqueline (2009). "Appendix I: Chronology". The Facts on File Dictionary of Weather and Climate. Infobase Publishing. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-4381-0951-0. 1743 Jean-Pierre Christin inverts the fixed points on Celsius' scale, to produce the scale used today.
Jump up ^ "Thermometers and Thermostats: Fever Thermometers". Mercury and the Environment: Products that Contain Mercury. Environment Canada. 2010-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Mercury: Thermometers". US Environmental Protection Agency. * oral/rectal/baby thermometers, containing about 0.61 grams of mercury; and
* basal temperature thermometers, containing about 2.25 grams of mercury.
Jump up ^ "Mercury and Human Health". Healthy Living: It's Your Health: Environment. Health Canada. 2009-03-02. Archived from the original on 2006-12-19.
Jump up ^ "National Provisions communicated by the Member States concerning: Directive 2007/51/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 September 2007 amending Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing of certain measuring devices containing mercury". EUR-Lex. 72007L0051.
Jump up ^ Clarín newspaper, Argentina starts to say goodbye to mercury thermometers, 14/04/11 (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ UNEP(DTIE)/Mercury/WG/1/INF/3 Draft Technical Guidelines on the Environmentally Sound Management of Mercury Waste, 2010 Archived 2010-04-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://zerowastepilipinas.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/01_faye-ferrer.pdf
Jump up ^ Salazar T (2008-09-13). "RP hospitals to phase out devices containing mercury". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2008-10-24.
Jump up ^ UK Health Protection Agency Chemical Hazards and Poisons Report, from the Chemical Hazards and Poisons Division, January 2010 Issue 16, p6: Does the Health Protection Agency website prevent harm from breakage of mercury thermometers? Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ HPA: Mercury in residential settings: step-by-step guide to cleaning up spills. 2007, updated 6 August 2009
^ Jump up to: a b Goldman LR; Shannon MW; Committee on Environmental Health (July 2001). "Technical report: mercury in the environment: implications for pediatricians". Pediatrics. 108 (1): 197–205. doi:10.1542/peds.108.1.197. PMID 11433078.
Jump up ^ "Things are Heating Up with Mercury in Thermometers". Children's Health Protection. US Environmental Protection Agency.
External links[edit]
"Mercury in your Environment". US Environmental Protection Agency.
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