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List of Grand National winners
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This article lists the winners of the Grand National, a National Hunt horse race which is held annually at Aintree Racecourse in England.
It is a handicap steeplechase over 30 fences and a distance of 4 miles 3½ furlongs.
Aintree publish a roll of honour in their racecards each year based on a list compiled largely from the fading memories of aging racing enthusiasts sometime around 1880-1890. By their own admission, Aintree officials concede that their honours record prior to 1860 is notoriously inaccurate, therefore the British Horseracing Board's records taken from the press accounts of the time have been used as a more reliable source for the connections of winners prior to 1865.
Weights given in stones and pounds.
Amateur jockeys denoted by a title, e.g. Mr, Capt, Lord.
Unofficial winners[edit]
Pre-1839[edit]
The first official running of the "Grand National" is now considered to be the 1839 Grand Liverpool Steeplechase. There had been a similar race for several years prior to this, but its status as an official Grand National was revoked some time between 1862 and 1873.
Year
Winner
Age
Handicap (st-lb)
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
1836 The Duke 7 Capt. Martin Becher Mr Sirdefield
1837 The Duke 8 Henry Potts Mr Sirdefield
1838 Sir William 7 12-07 Alan McDonough Mr Thompson
1916–18[edit]
For three years during World War I, the Grand National could not be run at Aintree, and so a substitute event was held at another racecourse, Gatwick. This venue is now defunct, and it is presently the site of London Gatwick Airport. The course was modified to make it similar to Aintree, and the races were contested over the same distance, with one fence fewer to be jumped. The 1916 running was titled the Racecourse Association Steeplechase and for the next two years it was known as the War National.
Year
Winner
Age
Handicap (st-lb)
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
1916 Vermouth 6 11-10 Jack Reardon J. Bell P. F. Heybourne
1917 Ballymacad 10 09-12 Edmund Driscoll Aubrey Hastings Sir George Bullough
1918 Poethlyn 8 11-06 Ernie Piggott Harry Escott Gwladys Peel
Winners[edit]
Year
Winner
Age
Handicap (st-lb)
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
SP
Winning time
1839 Lottery 9 12-00 Jem Mason George Dockeray John Elmore 1005 5/1 F 14m 53.0s
1840 Jerry 10 12-00 Mr Bartholomew Bretherton George Dockeray Henry Villebois 1012 12/1 12m 30.0s
1841 Charity 11 12-00 Mr A. Powell William Vevers Lord Craven 1014 14/1 13m 25.0s
1842 Gaylad 8 12-00 Tom Olliver George Dockeray John Elmore 1007 7/1 13m 30.0s
1843 Vanguard 8 11-10 Tom Olliver see note below [a] Lord Chesterfield 1012 12/1 Not recorded
1844 Discount 6 10-12 Mr John Crickmere Not recorded Mr Quartermaine 1005 5/1 JF 14m 0.0s
1845 Cure-All 7 11-05 Mr William Loft Kitty Crisp W. S. Crawford 10m 47.0s
1846 Pioneer 6 11-12 William Taylor Not trained [1] Mr Adams 10m 46.0s
1847 Mathew 9 10-06 Denny Wynne John Murphy John Courtenay 1010 10/1 10m 39.0s
1848 Chandler 12 11-12 Capt. Josey Little [2] Tom Eskrett Josey Little 1012 12/1 11m 21.0s
1849 Peter Simple 11 11-00 Tom Cunningham T. Cunningham Finch Mason, Jr. 1020 20/1 10m 56.0s
1850 Abd-El-Kader 8 09-12 Chris Green Joseph Osborne Joseph Osborne 9m 57.5s
1851 Abd-El-Kader 9 10-04 T. Abbott Joseph Osborne Joseph Osborne 1007 7/1 9m 59.0s
1852 Miss Mowbray 7 10-04 Mr Alec Goodman George Dockeray T. F. Mason 9m 58.5s
1853 Peter Simple 15 10-10 Tom Olliver Tom Olliver Josey Little 1009 9/1 10m 37.5s
1854 Bourton 11 11-12 John Tasker Henry Wadlow William Moseley 1004 4/1 F 9m 59.0s
1855 Wanderer 10 09-08 John Hanlon Not known Mr Dunn 1025 25/1 10m 25.0s
1856 Freetrader 7 09-06 George Stevens William Holman W. Barnett 1025 25/1 10m 9.5s
1857 Emigrant 11 09-10 Charlie Boyce Charlie Boyce George Hodgman 1010 10/1 10m 6.0s
1858 Little Charley 10 10-07 William Archer William Holman Christopher Capel 1016.6666666667 100/6 11m 5.0s
1859 Half Caste 6 09-07 Chris Green Chris Green Mr Willoughby 1007 7/1 10m 2.0s
1860 Anatis 10 09-10 Mr Tommy Pickernell H. E. May Christopher Capel 1003.5 7/2 F Not recorded
1861 Jealousy 7 09-12 Joseph Kendall Charles Balchin J. Bennett 1005 5/1 10m 14.0s
1862 The Huntsman 9 11-00 Harry Lamplugh Harry Lamplugh Viscount de Namur 1003 3/1 F 9m 30.0s
1863 Emblem 7 10-10 George Stevens Edwin Weever Lord Coventry 1004 4/1 11m 20.0s
1864 Emblematic 6 10-06 George Stevens Edwin Weever Lord Coventry 1010 10/1 11m 50.0s
1865 Alcibiade 5 11-04 Capt. Henry Coventry Cornell Cherry Angell 1014.2857142857 100/7 11m 16.0s
1866 Salamander 7 10-07 Mr Alec Goodman J. Walters Edward Studd 1040 40/1 11m 5.0s
1867 Cortolvin 8 11-13 John Page Harry Lamplugh Duke of Hamilton 1016 16/1 10m 42.0s
1868 The Lamb 6 10-07 Mr George Ede Ben Land Lord Poulett 1009 9/1 Not recorded
1869 The Colonel 6 10-07 George Stevens R. Roberts John Weyman 1014.2857142857 100/7 11m 0.0s
1870 The Colonel 7 11-12 George Stevens R. Roberts Matthew Evans 1003.5 7/2 F 10m 10.0s
1871 The Lamb 9 11-05 Mr Tommy Pickernell Chris Green Lord Poulett 1005.5 11/2 9m 35.7s
1872 Casse Tete 7 10-00 John Page A. Cowley Teddy Brayley 1020 20/1 10m 14.5s
1873 Disturbance 6 11-11 Mr J. M. Richardson James Machell James Machell 1020 20/1 Watch stopped
1874 Reugny 6 10-12 Mr J. M. Richardson James Machell James Machell 1005 5/1 F 10m 4.0s
1875 Pathfinder 8 10-11 Mr Tommy Pickernell W. Reeves Hubert Bird 1016.6666666667 100/6 10m 22.0s
1876 Regal 5 11-03 Joe Cannon James Jewitt James Machell 1025 25/1 11m 14.0s
1877 Austerlitz 5 10-08 Mr Fred Hobson Robert I'Anson Fred Hobson 1015 15/1 10m 10.0s
1878 Shifnal 9 10-12 J. Jones John Nightingall John Nightingall 1007 7/1 10m 23.0s
1879 The Liberator 10 11-04 Mr Garrett Moore J. Moore Garrett Moore 1005 5/1 10m 12.0s
1880 Empress 5 10-07 Mr Tommy Beasley Henry Linde Pierre Ducrot 1008 8/1 10m 20.0s
1881 Woodbrook 7 11-03 Mr Tommy Beasley Henry Linde T. Kirkwood 1005.5 11/2 JF 11m 50.0s
1882 Seaman 6 11-06 Lord Manners James Machell/James Jewitt Lord Manners 1010 10/1 10m 42.4s
1883 Zoedone 6 11-00 Count Karel Kinsky W. Jenkins Count Karel Kinsky 1014.2857142857 100/7 11m 39.0s
1884 Voluptuary 6 10-05 Mr Ted Wilson William Wilson H. F. Boyd 1010 10/1 10m 5.0s
1885 Roquefort 6 11-00 Mr Ted Wilson Arthur Yates Arthur Cooper 1003.3333333333 10/3 F 10m 10.0s
1886 Old Joe 7 10-09 Tommy Skelton George Mulcaster A. J. Douglas 1025 25/1 10m 14.6s
1887 Gamecock 8 11-00 Bill Daniels James Gordon E. Jay 1020 20/1 10m 10.2s
1888 Playfair 7 10-07 George Mawson Tom Cannon, Sr. Ned Baird 1040 40/1 10m 12.0s
1889 Frigate 11 11-04 Mr Tommy Beasley M. A. Maher Mat Maher 1008 8/1 10m 1.2s
1890 Ilex 6 10-05 Arthur Nightingall John Nightingall George Masterman 1004 4/1 F 10m 41.8s
1891 Come Away 7 11-12 Mr Harry Beasley Harry Beasley Willie Jameson 1004 4/1 F 9m 58.0s
1892 Father O'Flynn 7 10-05 Capt. Roddy Owen Gordon Wilson Gordon Wilson 1020 20/1 9m 48.2s
1893 Cloister 9 12-07 Bill Dollery Arthur Yates Charles Duff 1004.5 9/2 F 9m 32.4s
1894 Why Not 13 11-13 Arthur Nightingall Willie Moore C. H. Fenwick 1005 5/1 JF 9m 45.4s
1895 Wild Man From Borneo 7 10-11 Mr Joe Widger James Gatland John Widger 1010 10/1 10m 32.0
1896 The Soarer 7 09-13 Lt. David Campbell Willie Moore William Hall Walker 1040 40/1 10m 11.2s
1897 Manifesto 9 11-03 Terry Kavanagh Willie McAuliffe Harry Dyas 1006 6/1 F 9m 49s
1898 Drogheda 6 10-12 John Gourley Dick Dawson C. G. M. Adams 1025 25/1 9m 43.6s
1899 Manifesto 11 12-07 George Williamson Willie Moore John Bulteel 1005 5/1 9m 49.8s
1900 Ambush II 6 11-03 Algy Anthony Algy Anthony Prince Edward VII 1004 4/1 10m 1.4s
1901 Grudon 11 10-00 Arthur Nightingall Bernard Bletsoe Bernard Bletsoe 1009 9/1 9m 47.8s
1902 Shannon Lass 7 10-01 David Read James Hackett Ambrose Gorham 1020 20/1 10m 3.6s
1903 Drumcree 9 11-03 Percy Woodland Sir Charles Nugent John Morrison 1006.5 13/2 F 10m 9.4s
1904 Moifaa 8 10-07 Arthur Birch W. Hickey Spencer Gollan 1025 25/1 9m 58.6s
1905 Kirkland 9 11-05 Frank Mason E. Thomas Frank Bibby 1006 6/1 9m 48.8s
1906 Ascetic's Silver 9 10-09 Mr Aubrey Hastings Aubrey Hastings Prince F. Hatzfeldt 1020 20/1 9m 34.4s
1907 Eremon 7 10-01 Alf Newey Tom Coulthwaite Stanley Howard 1008 8/1 9m 47.5s
1908 Rubio 10 10-05 Henry Bletsoe Fred Withington F. Douglas-Pennant 1066 66/1 10m 33.2s
1909 Lutteur III 5 10-11 Georges Parfrement Harry Escott James Hennessy 1011.1111111111 100/9 9m 53.8s
1910 Jenkinstown 9 10-05 Robert Chadwick Tom Coulthwaite Stanley Howard 1012.5 100/8 10m 44.2s
1911 Glenside 9 10-03 Mr Jack Anthony R. H. Collis Frank Bibby 1020 20/1 10m 35.0s
1912 Jerry M 9 12-07 Ernie Piggott Robert Gore Sir C. Assheton-Smith 1004 4/1 JF 10m 13.4s
1913 Covertcoat 7 11-06 Percy Woodland Robert Gore Sir C. Assheton-Smith 1011.1111111111 100/9 10m 19.0s
1914 Sunloch 8 09-07 Bill Smith Tom Tyler Tom Tyler 1016.6666666667 100/6 9m 58.8s
1915 Ally Sloper 6 10-06 Mr Jack Anthony Aubrey Hastings Lady Margaret Nelson 1012.5 100/8 9m 47.8s
1916 1916–18 see above
1919 Poethlyn 9 12-07 Ernie Piggott Harry Escott Gwladys Peel 1002.75 11/4 F 10m 8.4s
1920 Troytown 7 11-09 Mr Jack Anthony Algy Anthony T. Collins-Gerrard 1006 6/1 10m 20.4s
1921 Shaun Spadah 10 11-07 Fred Rees George Poole Malcolm McAlpine 1011.1111111111 100/9 10m 26.0s
1922 Music Hall 9 11-08 Lewis Rees Owen Anthony Hugh Kershaw 1011.1111111111 100/9 9m 55.8s
1923 Sergeant Murphy 13 11-03 Capt. Tuppy Bennett George Blackwell Stephen Sanford 1016.6666666667 100/6 9m 36.0s
1924 Master Robert 11 10-05 Bob Trudgill Aubrey Hastings Lord Airlie 1025 25/1 9m 40.0s
1925 Double Chance 9 10-09 Maj. John Wilson Fred Archer, Jr. David Goold 1011.1111111111 100/9 9m 42.6s
1926 Jack Horner 9 10-05 William Watkinson Harvey Leader Charles Schwartz 1025 25/1 9m 36.0s
1927 Sprig 10 12-04 Ted Leader Tom Leader Mary Partridge 1008 8/1 F 10m 20.2s
1928 Tipperary Tim 10 10-00 Mr Bill Dutton Joseph Dodd Harold Kenyon 1100 100/1 10m 23.4s
1929 Gregalach 7 11-04 Robert W H Everett Tom Leader Margaret Gemmell 1100 100/1 9m 47.4s
1930 Shaun Goilin 10 11-07 Tommy Cullinan Frank Hartigan Walter Midwood 1012.5 100/8 9m 40.6s
1931 Grakle 9 11-07 Bob Lyall Tom Coulthwaite Cecil Taylor 1016.6666666667 100/6 9m 32.8s
1932 Forbra 7 10-07 Tim Hamey Tom Rimell William Parsonage 1050 50/1 9m 44.6s
1933 Kellsboro' Jack 7 11-09 Dudley Williams Ivor Anthony Mrs F. Ambrose Clark 1025 25/1 9m 28.0s
1934 Golden Miller 7 12-02 Gerry Wilson Basil Briscoe Dorothy Paget 1008 8/1 9m 20.4s
1935 Reynoldstown 8 11-04 Mr Frank Furlong Noel Furlong Noel Furlong 1022 22/1 9m 20.2s
1936 Reynoldstown 9 12-02 Mr Fulke Walwyn Noel Furlong Noel Furlong 1010 10/1 9m 37.8s
1937 Royal Mail 8 11-13 Evan Williams Ivor Anthony Hugh Lloyd Thomas 1016.6666666667 100/6 9m 59.8s
1938 Battleship 11 11-06 Bruce Hobbs Reg Hobbs Marion Scott 1040 40/1 9m 27.0s
1939 Workman 9 10-06 Tim Hyde Jack Ruttle Sir Alexander Maguire 1012.5 100/8 9m 42.2s
1940 Bogskar 7 10-04 Mervyn Jones Lord Stalbridge Lord Stalbridge 1025 25/1 9m 20.6s
1941 1941–45 no race [b]
1946 Lovely Cottage 9 10-08 Capt. Bobby Petre Tommy Rayson John Morant 1025 25/1 9m 38.2s
1947 Caughoo 8 10-00 Eddie Dempsey Herbert McDowell John McDowell 1100 100/1 10m 3.8s
1948 Sheila's Cottage 9 10-07 Arthur Thompson Neville Crump John Procter 1050 50/1 9m 25.4s
1949 Russian Hero 9 10-08 Leo McMorrow George Owen Fearnie Williamson 1066 66/1 9m 24.2s
1950 Freebooter 9 11-11 Jimmy Power Bobby Renton Lurline Brotherton 1010 10/1 F 9m 24.2s
1951 Nickel Coin 9 10-01 John Bullock Jack O'Donoghue Jeffrey Royle 1040 40/1 9m 48.8s
1952 Teal 10 10-12 Arthur Thompson Neville Crump Harry Lane 1014.2857142857 100/7 9m 21.5s
1953 Early Mist 8 11-02 Bryan Marshall Vincent O'Brien Joe Griffin 1020 20/1 9m 22.8s
1954 Royal Tan 10 11-07 Bryan Marshall Vincent O'Brien Joe Griffin 1008 8/1 9m 32.8s
1955 Quare Times 9 11-00 Pat Taaffe Vincent O'Brien Cecily Welman 1011.1111111111 100/9 10m 19.2s
1956 E.S.B. 10 11-03 David Dick Fred Rimell Mrs Leonard Carver 1014.2857142857 100/7 9m 21.4s
1957 Sundew 11 11-07 Fred Winter Frank Hudson Mrs Geoffrey Kohn 1020 20/1 9m 42.4s
1958 Mr. What 8 10-06 Arthur Freeman Tom Taaffe, Sr. David J. Coughlan 1018 18/1 9m 59.8s
1959 Oxo 8 10-13 Michael Scudamore Willie Stephenson John Bigg 1008 8/1 9m 37.8s
1960 Merryman II 9 10-12 Gerry Scott Neville Crump Winifred Wallace 1006.5 13/2 F 9m 26.2s
1961 Nicolaus Silver 9 10-01 Bobby Beasley Fred Rimell Charles Vaughan 1028 28/1 9m 22.6s
1962 Kilmore 12 10-04 Fred Winter Ryan Price Nat Cohen 1028 28/1 9m 50s
1963 Ayala 9 10-00 Pat Buckley Keith Piggott Pierre Raymond 1066 66/1 9m 35.8s
1964 Team Spirit 12 10-03 Willie Robinson Fulke Walwyn John Goodman 1018 18/1 9m 46.8s
1965 Jay Trump 8 11-05 Tommy Smith Fred Winter Mary Stephenson 1016.6666666667 100/6 9m 30.6s
1966 Anglo 8 10-00 Tim Norman Fred Winter Stuart Levy 1050 50/1 9m 52.8s
1967 Foinavon 9 10-00 John Buckingham John Kempton Cyril Watkins 1100 100/1 9m 49.6s
1968 Red Alligator 9 10-00 Brian Fletcher Denys Smith John Manners 1014.2857142857 100/7 9m 28.8s
1969 Highland Wedding 12 10-04 Eddie Harty, Sr. Toby Balding Thomas McCoy, Jr. (USA) & Charles Burns (CAN) 1011.1111111111 100/9 9m 30.8s
1970 Gay Trip 8 11-05 Pat Taaffe Fred Rimell Tony Chambers 1015 15/1 9m 38s
1971 Specify 9 10-13 John Cook John Sutcliffe Fred Pontin 1028 28/1 9m 34.2s
1972 Well to Do 9 10-01 Graham Thorner Tim Forster Tim Forster 1014 14/1 10m 8.4s
1973 Red Rum 8 10-05 Brian Fletcher Ginger McCain Noel Le Mare 1009 9/1 JF 9m 1.9s
1974 Red Rum 9 12-00 Brian Fletcher Ginger McCain Noel Le Mare 1011 11/1 9m 20.3s
1975 L'Escargot 12 11-03 Tommy Carberry Dan Moore Raymond R. Guest (USA) 1006.5 13/2 9m 31.1s
1976 Rag Trade 10 10-12 John Burke Fred Rimell Pierre Raymond 1014 14/1 9m 20.9s
1977 Red Rum 12 11-08 Tommy Stack Ginger McCain Noel Le Mare 1009 9/1 9m 30.3s
1978 Lucius 9 10-09 Bob Davies Gordon W. Richards Fiona Whitaker 1014 14/1 9m 33.9s
1979 Rubstic 10 10-00 Maurice Barnes John Leadbetter John Douglas 1025 25/1 9m 52.9s
1980 Ben Nevis 12 10-12 Mr Charlie Fenwick (USA) Tim Forster R. C. Stewart, Jr. (USA) 1040 40/1 10m 17.4s
1981 Aldaniti 11 10-13 Bob Champion Josh Gifford Nick Embiricos 1010 10/1 9m 47.2s
1982 Grittar 9 11-05 Mr Dick Saunders Frank Gilman Frank Gilman 1007 7/1 F 9m 12.6s
1983 Corbiere 8 11-04 Ben de Haan Jenny Pitman Bryan Burrough 1013 13/1 9m 47.4s
1984 Hallo Dandy 10 10-02 Neale Doughty Gordon W. Richards Richard Shaw 1013 13/1 9m 21.4s
1985 Last Suspect 11 10-05 Hywel Davies Tim Forster Anne, Duchess of Westminster 1050 50/1 9m 42.7s
1986 West Tip 9 10-11 Richard Dunwoody Michael Oliver Peter Luff 1007.5 15/2 9m 33.0s
1987 Maori Venture 11 10-13 Steve Knight Andrew Turnell Jim Joel 1028 28/1 9m 19.3s
1988 Rhyme 'n' Reason 9 11-00 Brendan Powell David Elsworth Juliet Reed 1010 10/1 9m 53.5s
1989 Little Polveir 12 10-03 Jimmy Frost Toby Balding Edward Harvey 1028 28/1 10m 6.9s
1990 Mr Frisk 11 10-06 Mr Marcus Armytage Kim Bailey Lois Duffey (USA) 1016 16/1 8m 47.8s (record)
1991 Seagram 11 10-06 Nigel Hawke David Barons Sir Eric Parker 1012 12/1 9m 29.9s
1992 Party Politics 8 10-07 Carl Llewellyn Nick Gaselee Patricia Thompson 1014 14/1 9m 6.4s
1941 1993 race void [c]
1994 Miinnehoma 11 10-08 Richard Dunwoody Martin Pipe Freddie Starr 1016 16/1 10m 18.8s
1995 Royal Athlete 12 10-06 Jason Titley Jenny Pitman G. & L. Johnson 1040 40/1 9m 4.1s
1996 Rough Quest 10 10-07 Mick Fitzgerald Terry Casey Andrew Wates 1007 7/1 F 9m 0.8s
1997 Lord Gyllene 9 10-00 Tony Dobbin Steve Brookshaw Stan Clarke 1014 14/1 9m 5.9s
1998 Earth Summit 10 10-05 Carl Llewellyn Nigel Twiston-Davies Summit Partnership 1007 7/1 F 10m 51.5s
1999 Bobbyjo 9 10-00 Paul Carberry Tommy Carberry Bobby Burke 1010 10/1 9m 14.1s
2000 Papillon 9 10-12 Ruby Walsh Ted Walsh Mrs J. Maxwell Moran (USA) 1010 10/1 9m 9.7s
2001 Red Marauder 11 10-11 Richard Guest Norman Mason Norman Mason 1033 33/1 11m 0.1s
2002 Bindaree 8 10-04 Jim Culloty Nigel Twiston-Davies Raymond Mould 1020 20/1 9m 8.6s
2003 Monty's Pass 10 10-07 Barry Geraghty Jimmy Mangan Dee Racing Syndicate 1016 16/1 9m 21.7s
2004 Amberleigh House 12 10-10 Graham Lee Ginger McCain Halewood Int. Ltd 1016 16/1 9m 20.3s
2005 Hedgehunter 9 11-01 Ruby Walsh Willie Mullins Trevor Hemmings 1007 7/1 F 9m 20.8s
2006 Numbersixvalverde 10 10-08 Niall Madden Martin Brassil Bernard Carroll 1011 11/1 9m 41.0s
2007 Silver Birch 10 10-06 Robbie Power Gordon Elliott Brian Walsh 1033 33/1 9m 13.6s
2008 Comply or Die 9 10-09 Timmy Murphy David Pipe David Johnson 1007 7/1 JF 9m 16.6s
2009 Mon Mome 9 11-00 Liam Treadwell Venetia Williams Vida Bingham 1100 100/1 9m 32.9s
2010 Don't Push It 10 11-05 Tony McCoy Jonjo O'Neill J. P. McManus 1010 10/1 JF 9m 4.6s
2011 Ballabriggs 10 11-00 Jason Maguire Donald McCain, Jr. Trevor Hemmings 1014 14/1 9m 1.2s
2012 Neptune Collonges 11 11-06 Daryl Jacob Paul Nicholls John Hales 1033 33/1 9m 5.1s
2013 Auroras Encore 11 10-03 Ryan Mania Sue Smith Douglas Pryde, Jim Beaumont and David P van der Hoeven 1066 66/1 9m 12.0s
2014 Pineau De Re 11 10-06 Leighton Aspell Richard Newland John Provan 1025 25/1 9m 9.9s
2015 Many Clouds 8 11-09 Leighton Aspell Oliver Sherwood Trevor Hemmings 1025 25/1 8m 56.8s
2016 Rule The World 9 10-07 David Mullins Mouse Morris Gigginstown House Stud 1033 33/1 9m 29.0s
2017 One For Arthur 8 10-11 Derek Fox Lucinda Russell Deborah Thomson & Belinda McClung 1014 14/1 9m 3.5s
2018 Tiger Roll 8 10-13 Davy Russell Gordon Elliott Gigginstown House Stud 1010 10/1 9m 40.1s
a The 1843 winner Vanguard was trained at Lord Chesterfield's private stables at Bretby Hall.
b The race was abandoned from 1941 to 1945 because of World War II.
c The 1993 running was declared void after 30 of the 39 in the field failed to be recalled after a false start. Seven completed the course, with Esha Ness finishing first.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1] Green; yellow sleeves belt and cap by Alfred E T Watson, published 1919
Jump up ^ "Captain Little Mounted on Chandler". 1st The Queen’s Dragoon Guards. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
External links[edit]
Racing Post:
1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
aintree.co.uk – Grand National Media Guide.
aintree.co.uk – Winners 1886–present.
horseracinghistory.co.uk – Grand National.
pedigreequery.com – Grand National – Aintree.
tbheritage.com – The Grand National.
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Lists
List of Grand National winners
List of Grand National first four placings
List of equine fatalities in the Grand National
List of female Grand National jockeys
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grand_National_winners&oldid=837559216"
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text:
Gas laws
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article outlines the historical development of the laws describing ideal gases. For a detailed description of the ideal gas laws and their further development, see ideal gas law.
The gas laws were developed at the end of the 18th century, when scientists began to realize that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases. Gases behave in a similar way over a wide variety of conditions because they all have molecules which are widely spaced, and the equation of state for an ideal gas is derived from kinetic theory. The earlier gas laws are now considered as special cases of the ideal gas equation, with one or more variables held constant.
Contents
[hide]
1 Boyle's Law
2 Charles' law
3 Gay-Lussac's law
4 Avogadro's law
5 Combined and ideal gas laws
6 Other gas laws
7 References
Boyle's Law[edit]
Main article: Boyle's law
In 1662 Robert Boyle studied the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas at constant temperature. He observed that volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure provided the temperature remains constant. Boyle's law, published in 1662, states that, at constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume of a given mass of an ideal gas in a closed system is always constant. It can be verified experimentally using a pressure gauge and a variable volume container. It can also be derived from the kinetic theory of gases: if a container, with a fixed number of molecules inside, is reduced in volume, more molecules will strike a given area of the sides of the container per unit time, causing a greater pressure.
A statement of Boyle's law is as follows:
The volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely related to pressure when the temperature is constant.
The concept can be represented with these formulae:
V ∝ 1 P {\displaystyle V\propto {\frac {1}{P}}} , meaning "Volume is directly proportional to 1 divided by Pressure", or
P ∝ 1 V {\displaystyle P\propto {\frac {1}{V}}} , meaning "Pressure is directly proportional to 1 divided by Volume", or
P V = k 1 {\displaystyle PV=k_{1}} , or
P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 {\displaystyle P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}\,}
where P is the pressure, and V is the volume of a gas, and k1 is the constant in this equation (and is not the same as the proportionality constants in the other equations below).
Charles' law[edit]
Main article: Charles's law
Charles's law, or the law of volumes, was found in 1787 by Jacques Charles. It states that, for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, assuming in a closed system.
The statement of Charles' law is as follows: the volume (V) of a given mass of a gas, at constant pressure (Pa), is directly proportional to its temperature (K). As a mathematical equation, Charles's law is written as either:
V ∝ T {\displaystyle V\propto T\,} , or
V / T = k 2 {\displaystyle V/T=k_{2}} , or
V 1 / T 1 = V 2 / T 2 {\displaystyle V_{1}/T_{1}=V_{2}/T_{2}} ,
where V is the volume of a gas, T is the absolute temperature and k2 is a proportionality constant (which is not the same as the proportionality constants in the other equations in this article).
Gay-Lussac's law[edit]
Main article: Gay-Lussac's law
Gay-Lussac's law, Amontons' law or the pressure law was found by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1809. It states that, for a given mass and constant volume of an ideal gas, the pressure exerted on the sides of its container is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
As a mathematical equation, Gay-Lussac's law is written as either:
P ∝ T {\displaystyle P\propto T\,} , or
P / T = k {\displaystyle P/T=k} , or
K=P divided by T
P 1 / T 1 = P 2 / T 2 {\displaystyle P_{1}/T_{1}=P_{2}/T_{2}} ,
where P is the pressure, T is the absolute temperature, and k is another proportionality constant.
Avogadro's law[edit]
Main article: Avogadro's law
Avogadro's law states that the volume occupied by an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules of the gas present in the container. This gives rise to the molar volume of a gas, which at STP (273.15 K, 1 atm) is about 22.4 L. The relation is given by
V 1 n 1 = V 2 n 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {V_{1}}{n_{1}}}={\frac {V_{2}}{n_{2}}}\,}
where n is equal to the number of molecules of gas (or the number of moles of gas).
Combined and ideal gas laws[edit]
Main article: Ideal gas law
The Combined gas law or General Gas Equation is obtained by combining Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It shows the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass (quantity) of gas:
p V = k 5 T {\displaystyle pV=k_{5}T\,}
This can also be written as:
p 1 V 1 T 1 = p 2 V 2 T 2 {\displaystyle \qquad {\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {p_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}
With the addition of Avogadro's law, the combined gas law develops into the ideal gas law:
p V = n R T {\displaystyle pV=nRT\,}
where
p is pressure
V is volume
n is the number of moles
R is the universal gas constant
T is temperature (K)
where the proportionality constant, now named R, is the universal gas constant with a value of 8.3144598 (kPa∙L)/(mol∙K). An equivalent formulation of this law is:
p V = k N T {\displaystyle pV=kNT\,}
where
P is the pressure
V is the volume
N is the number of gas molecules
k is the Boltzmann constant (1.381×10−23 J·K−1 in SI units)
T is the temperature (K)
These equations are exact only for an ideal gas, which neglects various intermolecular effects (see real gas). However, the ideal gas law is a good approximation for most gases under moderate pressure and temperature.
This law has the following important consequences:
If temperature and pressure are kept constant, then the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules of gas.
If the temperature and volume remain constant, then the pressure of the gas changes is directly proportional to the number of molecules of gas present.
If the number of gas molecules and the temperature remain constant, then the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume.
If the temperature changes and the number of gas molecules are kept constant, then either pressure or volume (or both) will change in direct proportion to the temperature.
Other gas laws[edit]
Graham's law states that the rate at which gas molecules diffuse is inversely proportional to the square root of its density at constant temperature.Combined with Avogadro's law (i.e. since equal volumes have equal number of molecules) this is the same as being inversely proportional to the root of the molecular weight.
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the pressure of a mixture of gases simply is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. Dalton's law is as follows:
P t o t a l = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + . . . + P n ≡ ∑ i = 1 n P i {\displaystyle P_{total}=P_{1}+P_{2}+P_{3}+...+P_{n}\equiv \sum _{i=1}^{n}P_{i}\,} ,
or
P t o t a l = P g a s + P H 2 O {\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {total} }=P_{\mathrm {gas} }+P_{\mathrm {H_{2}O} }\,}
where PTotal is the total pressure of the atmosphere,
PGas is the pressure of the gas mixture in the atmosphere,
and PH2O is the water pressure at that temperature.
Amagat's law of partial volume states that the volume of a mixture of gases (or the volume of the container) simply is the sum of the partial volumes of the individual components. Amagat's law is as follows:
V t o t a l = V 1 + V 2 + V 3 + . . . + V n ≡ ∑ i = 1 n V i {\displaystyle V_{total}=V_{1}+V_{2}+V_{3}+...+V_{n}\equiv \sum _{i=1}^{n}V_{i}\,} ,
where VTotal is the total volume of the gas mixture, or the volume of the container,
Vi is the partial volume of the gas in the gas mixture at that pressure and that temperature.
Henry's law states that:
At constant temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.
p = k H c {\displaystyle p=k_{\rm {H}}\,c}
Real gas law, formulated by Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1873).
References[edit]
Castka, Joseph F.; Metcalfe, H. Clark; Davis, Raymond E.; Williams, John E. (2002). Modern Chemistry. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-056537-5.
Guch, Ian (2003). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Chemistry. Alpha, Penguin Group Inc. ISBN 1-59257-101-8.
Zumdahl, Steven S (1998). Chemical Principles. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-83995-5.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_laws&oldid=838306047"
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text:
Daisy Bell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Bicycle Built for Two" redirects here. For the multi-rider bicycle, see Tandem bicycle.
"Daisy Bell"
Song
Released
1892
Songwriter(s)
Harry Dacre
"Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two)" is a popular song, written in 1892 by British songwriter Harry Dacre, with the well-known chorus, "Daisy, Daisy / Give me your answer, do. / I'm half crazy / all for the love of you", ending with the words, "a bicycle built for two".
The song is said to have been inspired by Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick, one of the many mistresses of King Edward VII.[1][2]
It is the earliest song sung using computer speech synthesis, as later referenced in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Parody
2 In technology and culture
2.1 Computing and technology
2.2 Films
2.3 Musical recordings
2.4 Radio
2.5 Television
2.6 Literature
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs:[3]
When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged import duty. His friend William Jerome, another songwriter, remarked lightly: "It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty." Dacre was so taken with the phrase "bicycle built for two" that he soon used it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Katie Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892.
The song was originally recorded and released by Dan W. Quinn in 1893.[4]
Daisy Bell
Sung by Edward M. Favor. Recorded by the Edison Phonograph Company on brown wax cylinder in 1894
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Parody[edit]
Even in original form this light-hearted song contains several puns ("tandem" as describing both a tandem bicycle and matrimony, bell/belle, weal/wheel, etc.), and almost from the beginning the song lent itself to parody and satire, with a great number of additional verses having been penned, ranging from the mildly humorous to the outright obscene. For example, the same year the song was published, an "answer" chorus appeared:
Michael, Michael, here is my answer true
You're half crazy if you think that that will do
If you can't afford a carriage
There won't be any marriage
Cause I'll be switched if I'll get hitched
On a bicycle built for two
Sometimes the songwriter's name—"Harry"—was used instead of "Michael" in this chorus.[5]
In technology and culture[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Computing and technology[edit]
In 1961, an IBM 704 at Bell Labs was programmed to 'sing' "Daisy Bell" in the earliest demonstration of computer speech synthesis.[6]
In 1974, auditory researchers used the melody of "Daisy Bell" for the first demonstration of "pure dichotic" (two-ear only) perception: they encoded the melody in a stereophonic signal in such a way that it could be perceived when listening with both ears but not with either ear alone.[7]
In 1985, Christopher C. Capon created a Commodore 64 program named "Sing Song Serenade", which caused the Commodore 1541 floppy disk drive to emit the tune of "Daisy Bell" directly from its hardware by rapidly moving the read/write head.[8]
Microsoft's personal assistant, Cortana, may sing the first line of Daisy when asked to sing a song.[9]
Films[edit]
Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke witnessed the IBM 704 demonstration and referenced it in the 1968 novel and film 2001: A Space Odyssey, in which the HAL 9000 computer sings "Daisy Bell" during its gradual deactivation.[10]
In the 1986 film The Hitcher, the character John Ryder hums the song while being transported on the prison bus.
It is this very same connection to which the song most likely owes its appearance in the film, The Theory of Everything (2014), a drama about the life of the world renowned physicist Stephen Hawking, whereupon the fictionalized Hawking types out part of the song's lyric, in order to have the words subsequently "spoken", utilising his iconic text-to-synthesised-speech device.[original research?]
In the 2005 animated film Robots, the character Bigweld sings "Daisy Bell" briefly while Rodney repairs him.
Musical recordings[edit]
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album Join Bing and Sing Along (1959)
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for a 1961 episode of The Alvin Show and their album The Chipmunk Songbook (1962).
Nat King Cole sang a cover for his album Those Lazy-Crazy-Hazy Days of Summer (1963).
Blur covered the song as a B-side on their single "Sunday Sunday" (1993).
Tin Hat recorded a rendition of the song for their album The Sad Machinery of Spring (2007), with the same lyrics but different music.
Jimmy Urine and Chantal Claret did a Hip-Hop rendition of the song for the YouTube series Pancake Mountain.
On May 3, 2014, an album composed entirely of covers of "Daisy Bell" entitled The Gay Nineties Old Tyme Music: Daisy Bell was released in conjunction with pop artist Mark Ryden's exhibit "The Gay 90s". The album features covers of "Daisy Bell" by Katy Perry, Tyler, the Creator, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Nick Cave, Kirk Hammett of Metallica, Mark Mothersbaugh of Devo, Wall of Voodoo's Stan Ridgway, Danny Elfman and others. Profits from the album went to the nonprofit Little Kids Rock.[11]
Radio[edit]
The tune was played as the lead-in to Aunt Daisy's radio broadcasts in New Zealand, which ran from 1930 until her death in 1963.[12]
Television[edit]
In the Doctor Who episode "The Talons of Weng-Chiang" it is sung by the onstage performer.
In the Doctor Who episode "Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" (8 September 2012), Solomon's robots sing the first line of the song when deactivated by the Doctor.
In the 2015 TV series Scream, the song is sung by a serial killer.
In the Sonic Boom episode, "Dude, Where's my Eggman", Cubot sings this song in order to gain money. However, he is unsuccessful.
In season 12 of Midsomer Murders, episode 4, "The Glitch", features this song, although the final line of the chorus is changed to be "a bicycle made for two" rather than "built for two".
In the Supernatural episode "Thin Lizzie" (Season 11, Episode 5), the song plays on an old record player during the murder of a couple at the beginning of the episode.
In 2016, model Daisy Lowe and her professional partner Aljaz Skorjanec danced a Viennese Waltz to "Daisy Bell" on the fourteenth series of the BBC hit show Strictly Come Dancing, earning Lowe her highest score in the competition.
In season four, episode 11 of Futurama, titled "Love and Rocket," Bender sings the song over a montage featuring a romance he had with the Planet Express Ship. The episode is inspired by the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
In the video game Mass Effect 2, the character Joker makes a reference to the AI system "EDI" singing "Daisy Bell".
In season 2, episode 8 of Class of 3000, titled "Big Robot on Campus", B.R.O.C, a robot created by Philly Phil sings the song as he deactivates after falling off a biplane.
Literature[edit]
In the 2005 novel Anansi Boys by Neil Gaiman, one of the characters is named Daisy because her parents own and ride a tandem bicycle.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Carroll, Leslie. Royal Affairs: A Lusty Romp Through the Extramarital Adventures That Rocked the British Monarchy. Edward VII and Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick 1861–1938: NAL Trade. ISBN 0-451-22398-5.
Jump up ^ "Local history: The socialist socialite". BBC. 22 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Ewen, David (1966). American Popular Songs. Random House. ISBN 0-394-41705-4.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Pop Memories 1890–1954. Record Research. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ Cray, Ed (1992). The Erotic Muse. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-2520-178-11.
Jump up ^ National Recording Registry Adds 25 – The Library Today (Library of Congress)
Jump up ^ Kubovy, M.; Cutting, J. E.; McGuire, R. M. . (1974). "Hearing with the Third Ear: Dichotic Perception of a Melody without Monaural Familiarity Cues". Science. 186 (4160): 272–274. doi:10.1126/science.186.4160.272. PMID 4413641.
Jump up ^ "[CSDb] - Sing Song Serenade by Christopher C. Capon (1985)". Commodore 64 Scene Database. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sri San (2015-08-07), Daisy Daisy, retrieved 2016-10-24
Jump up ^ "Background: Bell Labs Text-to-Speech Synthesis". bell-labs.com. Lucent Technologies. March 1997. Archived from the original on 7 April 2000.
Jump up ^ Williams, Maxwell (May 2, 2014). "Katy Perry Featured on Pop Artist Mark Ryden's $100 'Gay Nineties' Album (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Basham, Maud Ruby – Biography". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Daisy Bell
Johns Hopkins University (March 30, 2007). "Daisy Bell. Song". Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box 140, Item 090.
"Works of Edward M. Favor". Internet Archive.
1894 recording of "Daisy Bell" (MP3)
Page featuring a recording of "Daisy Bell" sung and played by IBM computers at Bell Laboratories in the early 1960s (see last track on side 2 labeled "Synthesized computer speech demonstration (1963)")
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daisy_Bell&oldid=838523699"
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Sandor Clegane
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Sandor Clegane
A Song of Ice and Fire character
Game of Thrones character
Rory McCann as Sandor Clegane
First appearance
Novel:
A Game of Thrones (1996)
Television:
"Winter Is Coming" (2011)
Last appearance
Novel:
A Feast for Crows (2005)
Created by
George R. R. Martin
Portrayed by
Rory McCann
(Game of Thrones)
Information
Aliases
The Hound
Dog
Gender
Male
Family
House Clegane
Relatives
Gregor Clegane (brother)
Kingdom
The Westerlands
Sandor Clegane, nicknamed The Hound, is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Sandor is the younger brother of Ser Gregor Clegane, from the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin's A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000) and A Feast for Crows (2005).
Sandor Clegane is portrayed by Rory McCann in the HBO television adaptation.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Character description
2 Overview
3 Reception
4 Storylines
4.1 In the books
4.2 In the show
4.2.1 Season 1
4.2.2 Season 2
4.2.3 Season 3
4.2.4 Season 4
4.2.5 Season 6
4.2.6 Season 7
5 References
Character description[edit]
Sandor Clegane, known as the Hound, is a retainer to House Lannister and the younger brother of Gregor Clegane, a.k.a. The Mountain. He is regarded as one of the most dangerous and skilled fighters in Westeros. His face is distinguished by gruesome burn scars, which he received as a child when his brother pushed his head into a brazier. Consequently, he fears fire and hates his brother. He is also scornful of knight's vows, as his brother is a knight, who indulges in rape and murder in spite of his knightly vows. He is described as a tormented man driven by anger and hate, aspiring only to kill his brother.
Overview[edit]
Sandor Clegane is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Sansa Stark, and Arya Stark. Sandor is mostly a background character in the novels.[2]
Reception[edit]
Sandor Clegane is played by the Scottish actor Rory McCann in the television adaptation of the series of books.[3] McCann has received acclaim for his role.[4]
Storylines[edit]
Coat of arms of House Clegane
In the books[edit]
In A Game of Thrones, he acts as bodyguard and servant to Prince Joffrey Baratheon, who calls him Dog. While escorting Sansa home, he reveals to her how his face was scarred and expresses much resentment of his brutish older brother and towards the concept of knighthood in general. Clegane leads the attack on the Stark forces in the Tower of the Hand.
He is named a knight of Joffrey's Kingsguard towards the end of A Game of Thrones. Clegane advises Sansa to do whatever Joffrey tells her to do as the best way of staying alive. He is often assigned to guard Sansa, trying to protect her from Joffrey's abuse in A Clash of Kings. He flees King's Landing during the Battle of the Blackwater, due to the widespread use of wildfire, a fictional substance similar to Greek fire.
In A Storm of Swords, he is captured by the Brotherhood Without Banners which sentences him to trial by combat. Sandor prevails and is set free. He later kidnaps Arya to ransom her to her brother Robb Stark and hopes to earn a place in Robb's service. He takes her to the Twins, where Robb is attending a wedding. However, just as they arrive, the Freys begin slaughtering the Starks. Sandor and Arya escape. They encounter three of Gregor's men at an inn, and Sandor is seriously injured in the ensuing fight. Arya abandons him to his apparent death.[5]
He is mentioned a few times in A Feast for Crows (2005), where the Elder Brother mentions to Brienne of Tarth that he found Sandor, who is now "at rest". However, the appearance of a mute gravedigger who matches Sandor physically and the Elder Brother's refusal to confirm if Sandor is dead imply that he may still be alive.
In the show[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Clegane accompanies the royal court on Robert Baratheon's visit to Winterfell. On the way back to King's Landing, Joffrey falsely accuses a butcher's boy, Mycah, of threatening him, and Clegane kills the boy, attracting the hatred of Mycah's friend Arya Stark. During the Tourney of the Hand, Sandor's sadistic elder brother Gregor tries to kill Ser Loras Tyrell after he is unhorsed, but Sandor defends Loras from Gregor until Robert orders the men to stop fighting. When Ned Stark accuses Joffrey of being a bastard born of incest and orders his arrest, Clegane assists the Lannister soldiers in the subsequent purge of the Stark household and Sansa Stark's capture, though he later comforts Sansa when Joffrey orders her beaten. With Joffrey's ascension to the throne, Clegane is named to the Kingsguard to replace the ousted Ser Barristan Selmy, though Clegane refuses to take his knight's vows.
Season 2[edit]
Sandor continues to defend Sansa, including by covering her after Joffrey orders her stripped and rescuing her from being gang-raped during the King's Landing riots. He participates in the Battle of the Blackwater against Stannis' Baratheon's forces, but is visibly horrified when Tyrion Lannister uses wildfire to incinerate much of Stannis' fleet, and ultimately deserts after witnessing a man burning alive in the battle. Before he leaves, he offers to take Sansa north to Winterfell, but she ultimately refuses.
Season 3[edit]
The costumes worn by Arya and her companion Sandor Clegane in the TV series Game of Thrones.
In the Riverlands, Clegane is arrested by the Brotherhood Without Banners, a group of knights and soldiers sent by Eddard Stark to kill his brother Gregor and restore order to the Riverlands. While being transported to their stronghold, he meets other members of the Brotherhood who are traveling with Arya Stark, and tells them of her true identity. At the Brotherhood's hideout, their leader Ser Beric Dondarrion accuses Clegane of being a murderer; though Clegane asserts that the murders were done in order to protect Joffrey, Arya testifies that he had killed Mycah despite the boy not harming Joffrey. Ser Beric sentences Clegane to a trial by combat, which Clegane wins to secure his freedom, although Ser Beric is immediately resurrected by the Red Priest Thoros of Myr. Clegane later captures Arya, intending to ransom her to King Robb Stark at the wedding of Edmure Tully and Roslin Frey at The Twins. However, as they arrive at the Twins the Freys turn on the Starks and attack them, and Clegane and Arya barely escape the massacre.
Season 4[edit]
With the rest of House Stark believed dead and the Riverlands now under the rule of House Frey, Clegane decides to ransom Arya to her aunt Lysa Arryn in the Vale. During their journey, Arya reveals to Clegane that she has not forgiven him for killing Mycah and has vowed to kill him. The duo arrive in the Vale to find that Lysa has ostensibly committed suicide. Returning from the Bloody Gate, they encounter Brienne of Tarth, sworn sword to Arya's mother Catelyn, who had promised to take the Stark children to safety. When Arya refuses to go with Brienne, she and Clegane engage in a brawl that culminates in her throwing Clegane off a cliff, gravely wounding him. Though he begs Arya to kill him, she instead leaves him to die.[6]
Season 6[edit]
It is revealed Clegane had been discovered by a warrior turned septon, Ray, who nursed him back to health. Clegane assists Ray and his followers in building a sept, but one day after a brief journey into nearby woods, he returns to the community to find the villagers slaughtered by members of the Brotherhood Without Banners. Clegane takes up arms again to hunt down those responsible, killing four of them before discovering the remaining three about to be hanged by Ser Beric Dondarrion and Thoros of Myr, who inform him that the group were acting independently of the Brotherhood. Beric allows Clegane to kill two of the outlaws, and asks him to join the Brotherhood in their journey north to fight the White Walkers.
Season 7[edit]
During their journey north, the Brotherhood stops at a farm owned by a farmer that Clegane had previously robbed; inside, they find the bodies of the farmer and his daughter. Remorseful, Clegane digs them a grave with the help of Thoros. Thoros has Clegane look into the flames of Brotherhood's campfire, and in it he sees the White Walkers and their forces marching towards the Wall.
The Brotherhood attempts to cross the Wall via Eastwatch-by-the-Sea, but are intercepted by wildling scouts manning the castle and locked in the ice cells. Soon after, Jon Snow, Davos Seaworth, Jorah Mormont, and Gendry arrive at Eastwatch, intending to capture a wight to present to Cersei (now Queen of the Seven Kingdoms) as evidence of the White Walkers. Clegane, Beric, and Thoros are released to accompany Jon, Jorah, Gendry and Tormund Giantsbane beyond the Wall. The group soon captures a wight but are surrounded by the White Walkers and their army of wights, though not before Gendry flees to Eastwatch to request Daenerys Targaryen's aid. Daenerys arrives with her dragons before the group can be overrun, and flies them to safety. Clegane joins Jon, Daenerys and Davos as they sail to King's Landing.
At King's Landing, he meets Brienne of Tarth. Despite their previous brutal fight, they converse on civil terms. Sandor learns that Arya is alive and with her family, prompting a rare smile. During the summit in the Dragon Pit outside King's Landing, Sandor confronts his brother, promising that Sandor will eventually kill him. Sandor brings out the trunk containing the wight, revealing to Cersei and Jaime Lannister the threat that lies beyond the wall.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "HBO: Game of Thrones: Sandor Clegane ("The Hound"): Bio". HBO. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones Viewer's Guide". HBO.
Jump up ^ "'Game of Thrones': The Hound". Herocomplex. 25 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Collins, Sean T. (7 April 2014). "Sandor Clegane: 'Game of Thrones' actor talks". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "A Read of Ice and Fire: A Storm of Swords, Part 48". Tor.com.
Jump up ^ "Rory McCann on The Hound and Brienne fighting dirty, and teaching Arya all too well". winteriscoming.net. 23 June 2014.
[show]
v
t
e
George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire
A Game of Thrones (1996)
A Clash of Kings (1998)
A Storm of Swords (2000)
A Feast for Crows (2005)
A Dance with Dragons (2011)
The Winds of Winter (TBA)
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