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Tinder (app)
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Tinder
Example of swiping within Tinder
Developer(s)
IAC
Initial release
September 12, 2012; 5 years ago (2012-09-12)
Stable release(s) [±]
iOS
8.3.0 / December 8, 2017; 31 days ago (2017-12-08)[1]
Android
8.3.0 / December 7, 2017; 32 days ago (2017-12-07)[2]
Development status
Active
Operating system
iOS, Android, Web
Website
tinder.com
Tinder is a location-based social search mobile app that allows users swipe left(dislike) or right(like) and allows users to chat if both parties swiped to the right. The app is used as a dating app or hookup app,[3][4][5] depending on the user's individual preference. Information available to the users is based on pictures from Facebook, a short bio that users write themselves, along with linking Instagram and Spotify account.[6]
Originally incubated inside Hatch Labs, the app was launched in 2012. By 2014, it was registering about one billion "swipes" per day.[7] Tinder is among the first "swiping apps", whose users employ a swiping motion to choose photos of other users, swiping right for potentially good matches and swiping left on a photo to move to the next one.
Contents
[hide]
1 Founding
1.1 2014–15
1.2 2016
1.3 2017
2 Operation
2.1 Features
2.2 Paid subscriptions
2.3 Users
3 Company overview
3.1 Financials
3.2 Advertising
4 Reception
4.1 Reviews
4.2 Concerns
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Founding[edit]
Tinder was founded by Sean Rad, Jonathan Badeen, Justin Mateen, Joe Munoz, Dinesh Moorjani, and Whitney Wolfe, who later left Tinder to start Bumble.[8][9] Other sources restrict the list of founders to Mateen, Rad, and Badeen,[10][11] though this has been disputed.[12] Rad and Mateen had known each other since they were 14. They both come from wealthy Jewish-Iranian families.[13][14] The two later attended USC together and entered the Internet entrepreneurship field. Rad has stated that the impetus for the app was his observation that "no matter who you are, you feel more comfortable approaching somebody if you know they want you to approach them." He believed that a "double opt-in" system could be created to potentially alleviate that stress. Rad has also stated that Tinder filled a gap for social sites for meeting strangers, rather than connecting with people a user already knows.[10][15]
Tinder was then seeded at numerous college campuses and then expanded to other college campuses. The app won TechCrunch's Crunchie Award for "Best New Startup of 2013".[8] In March 2013, when the app was still used only in some localities, social media director Alexa Mateen stated that the app was intended to be a "chance to meet people you wouldn't normally meet".[16] By May 2013, Tinder was one of the top 25 social networking apps available on the web based on frequency of use and number of users. Initially, instead of a swiping motion, users would click on either a green "heart" or red "X" to select or move on from the photos shown.[17] Tinder became the first new online dating service to become one of the top five utilized services on the web in about 10 years.[18] As of 2016, Sean Rad is the company's CEO, and Justin Mateen is chief marketing officer.[19]
2014–15[edit]
As of October 2014, the app was processing over one billion swipes per day, producing about twelve million matches per day. The average user would generally spend about an hour and a half on the app each day.[7] After transitioning from the clicking function Tinder initially used, Tinder became the first "swipe app", now a term to describe various apps that use swiping left or right to control what content the user sees in a browsing fashion.[20] The functionality of the swipe is now in use by multiple other companies and software.[15][21][22] In 2015, Tinder introduced the ability to go back to rejected profiles, "rewinding" if the user feels they made a mistake—something previously not possible on the app.[23]
Companion apps were being developed by different companies allowing users to, for example, use the user's heart rate to determine which direction to swipe instead of the user swiping with their hands.[24][25] The main companion site for Tinder has been Facebook, as Tinder users connect their Facebook profile to their Tinder accounts for verification and profile details. Chatting on Tinder is only available between two users that have swiped right on one another's photos.[26] The selections a user makes are not known to other users, unless two individuals swipe right on each other's profiles. However, once you have matches on the app, you were able to send "Tinder Moments" to each of a user's matches at once, allowing each match to like or not like the photos. The site also has verified profiles for public figures, so that celebrities and other public figures can verify they are who they are when using the app.[27][28]
In October 2015, Tinder released the Super Like feature worldwide.[29] This allows non-Tinder Plus users to Super Like one profile every 24 hours for free. Tinder Plus users have up to five Super Likes a day.[30] Instead of swiping right for a profile, the user swipes up. The app notifies the user if they have been Super Liked with a blue border that surrounds the profile of the person who Super Liked them. It then allows the user to either swipe right or left. Tinder says that Super Likes makes it three times as likely for users to find a match.
As of November 11, 2015, Tinder's "Moments" feature had been retired.[31]
2016[edit]
In September 2016, Tinder invested in Vina, a social network where women can meet and nurture new friendships.[32]
Tinder Boost was tested in September 2016 in Australia, and went live worldwide in October 2016.[33] The Boost feature lets the user have the top profile in the area for thirty minutes. Users receive up to ten times the amount of profile views while boosting. Tinder Plus users get one free Boost a month. If users do not have Tinder Plus or want more Boosts, they can be purchased in the app.[34] This feature is similar to a premium feature on Match Group's OkCupid.[35]
In October 2016, Tinder announced it was opening its first office in Silicon Valley in hopes to better recruit technical employees.[36]
In November 2016, Tinder introduced more options for users to select their gender. In the app's settings, users have the option to type a word that suits their gender identity. Users also have the option to have this displayed on their profile or not. This feature was released for the US, UK, and Canada.[37]
2017[edit]
In March 2017, Tinder launched Tinder Online, a web-optimized version of the dating app so people can access Tinder at their desktops.[38] Initially, It was only available in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, Philippines and Sweden and didn't include special features such as Super Likes or Tinder Boost.[39] Tinder Online is now accessible globally.
In June 2017, Tinder launched Tinder Gold,[40] a members-only service, offering their most exclusive features: Passport, Rewind, Unlimited Likes, five Super Likes per day, one Boost per month, and more profile controls.
Operation[edit]
Using Facebook, Tinder is able to build a user profile with photos that have already been uploaded. Basic information is gathered and the users' social graph is analyzed. Candidates who are most likely to be compatible based on geographical location, number of mutual friends, and common interests are then streamed into a list of matches. Based on the results of potential candidates, the app allows the user to anonymously like another user by swiping right or pass by swiping left on them. If two users like each other it then results in a "match" and they are able to chat within the app.[41] The app is used in about 196 countries.[42]
Features[edit]
Swipe is central to Tinder's design. From the compatible matches the app's algorithm provides, users swipe right to "like" potential matches and swipe left to continue on their search.[43]
Instagram integration enables users to access other users' Instagram profiles.[44]
Common Connections allows users to see whether they share a mutual Facebook friend with a match (a first degree connection on Tinder) or when a user and their match have two separate friends who happen to be friends with each other (considered second degree on Tinder).[44][45]
Tinder Gold, introduced worldwide in August 2017, is a premium subscription feature that allows the user to see those who have already liked them before swiping.[46]
Paid subscriptions[edit]
In March 2015, Tinder announced the public release of its paid service, Tinder Plus, a feature allowing unlimited matches, whereas the free Tinder app limits the number of right swipes in a 12-hour period. It has met with controversy over limiting the number of "likes" a free user can give in a certain amount of time, as well as charging prices for different age groups.[47] The price of a Tinder Plus subscription was announced to be £14.99/$19.99 USD per month for users over 28, while the service for a user 28 and under will be £3.99/$9.99 USD per month.[48][49] A month after implementing these changes, TechCrunch reported that, no matter the consumer impression, Tinder's 'Swipe Right Limit Is Working.'[50]
Users[edit]
Percentage of Tinder users by age[51]
Tinder is used widely throughout the world and is available in over 40 languages.[52] As of late 2014, an estimated 50 million people use the app every month with an average of 12 million matches per day. However, to get to those 12 million matches, users collectively make around 1 billion swipes per day. The minimum age to sign up and use Tinder is 18. As of June 2016, If a user of Tinder who is below the age of 18 attempts to use the app, they are met with cards on their deck stating that Tinder is no longer usable by anyone under 18, and that the Tinder team is developing a new app especially for their age group.[53][54] As of April 2015, Tinder users swipe through 1.6 billion Tinder profiles and make more than 26 million matches per day. More than 8 billion matches have been made since Tinder launched in 2012.[55][56]
Company overview[edit]
Financials[edit]
In March 2014, Media & Internet conglomerate IAC increased its majority stake in Tinder, a move that caused speculation that the valuation of Tinder was at several billion dollars.[18] In July 2015, Bank of America Merrill Lynch valued Tinder at $1.35 billion, based upon an estimate of $27 per user on an estimated user base of 50 million, with an additional bullish-estimate of $3 billion by taking the average of the IPOs of similar companies. Analysts also estimated that Tinder had about half a million paid users within its userbase that consisted mostly of free users.[57] The monetization of the site has come through leaving the basic app free, and then adding different in-app purchase options for additional functions.[15] In January 2015 Tinder acquired Chill, the developers of Tappy—a mobile messenger that uses "images and ephemerality".[58]
Advertising[edit]
An ad campaign launched by "The Barn" internship program of Bartle Bogle Hegarty (BBH) used Tinder profiles to promote their NYC Puppy Rescue Project.[59] Using Facebook pet profiles, BBH was able to add them to the Tinder network. The campaign received media cover from Slate, Inc., The Huffington Post and more.[60] In April 2015, Tinder revealed their first sponsored ad promoting Budweiser's next #Whatever, USA campaign.[61]
Reception[edit]
Reviews[edit]
The New York Times wrote that the wide use of Tinder could be attributed not to what Tinder was doing right but to flaws in the models of earlier dating software, which relied on mathematical algorithms to select potential partners. Relationship experts interviewed by the newspaper stated that users used the photographs that come in succession on the app to derive cues as to social status, confidence levels, and personal interests.[7] Marie Claire wrote that the app was "easy to use on the run" and "addictive" but that "...it's hard to focus. The game-style of Tinder means it's really easy to keep playing and forget about that hottie you were messaging yesterday."[27]
Concerns[edit]
In 2017, Texas Tech Department of Communications Studies conducted a study to see how infidelity was connected to the Tinder app. The experiment was conducted on 550 students from an unnamed southwestern U.S. University. The students first gave their demographic and then answered questions regarding Tinder’s link to infidelity. The results showed that “more than half reported having seen somebody on Tinder who they knew was in an exclusive relationship (63.9%).” 71.3% of participants reported that they knew male friends who used Tinder while in a relationship, and 56.1% reported that they had female friends who used Tinder while in a relationship.[62]
In February 2014, security researchers in New York found a flaw which made it possible to find users' precise locations for between 40 and 165 days, without any public notice from the company. Tinder's spokesperson, Rosette Pambakian, said the issue was resolved within 48 hours. Chief Executive Officer Rad said in a statement that shortly after being contacted, Tinder implemented specific measures to enhance location security and further obscure location data.[63]
On June 30, 2014, Tinder's co-founder and former vice president of marketing, Whitney Wolfe, filed a sexual harassment and sex discrimination suit in Los Angeles County Superior Court against IAC-controlled Match Group, parent company of the app. The lawsuit alleged that her fellow executives and co-founders Rad and Mateen had engaged in discrimination, sexual harassment, and retaliation against her, while Tinder's corporate supervisor, IAC's Sam Yagan, did nothing.[64] IAC suspended CMO Mateen from his position pending an ongoing investigation, and stated that it "acknowledges that Mateen sent private messages containing 'inappropriate content,' but it believes Mateen, Rad and the company are innocent of the allegations".[65]
There have been anti-Tinder online marketing campaigns and websites developed.[66] As of June 2015, 68% of Tinder users were male and 32% were female.[67] According to University of Texas-Austin professor David Buss, "One dimension of [dating apps like Tinder] is the impact it has on men's psychology. When there is ... a perceived surplus of women, the whole mating system tends to shift towards short-term dating"[68] and there is a feeling of disconnect when choosing future partners.[69] CEO Sean Rad has said that Tinder removes the "friction" associated with walking up to someone and introducing oneself.[70] Nancy Jo Sales wrote in Vanity Fair that Tinder operates within a culture of users seeking sex without relationships.[20] Health officials from Rhode Island and Utah claimed that Tinder and similar apps are responsible for uptick of some STDs.[71]
On February 5, 2016, members of the Facebook group "Bernie Sanders Dank Tinder Convos" (BSDTC) (a spin-off of Bernie Sanders' Dank Meme Stash) were reportedly being banned from Tinder for promoting American politician Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign. BSDTC members would send messages to other Tinder users promoting Sanders and imploring them to vote for him. In response, many BSDTC members' profiles would either become locked or deleted due to flagging their messages as spam or their profiles as bots.[72][73][74][75][76][77] Tinder spokeswoman Rosette Pambakian stated in an email, "We whole-heartedly support people sharing their political views on Tinder, but we don't allow spamming. So feel free to feel the Bern, just don't spam."[73][77][78]
In March 2016, a website called Swipebuster was launched, which allows anyone to see how recently someone else logged on to Tinder, at a cost of $4.99 for every three searches.[79] Vanity Fair was the first to report on the service, in an article titled "Here's How You Can Check if Your Partner Is Cheating on Tinder," and Swipebuster subsequently received extensive media coverage for being the first searchable database of Tinder users.[80][81] The Guardian explained how Swipebuster works: "[I]t doesn't [identify users] by hacking into Tinder, or even by 'scraping' the app manually. Instead, it searches the database using Tinder's official API, which is intended for use by third-party developers who want to write software that plugs in with the site. All the information that it can reveal is considered public by the company, and revealed through the API with few safeguards."[82]
In August 2016, two engineers found another flaw which showed the exact location of all users' matches. The location was updated every time a user logged into the app and it worked even for blocked matches. The issue was detected in March 2016, but it was not fixed until August 2016.[83]
A 2017 study found that Tinder users are excessively willing to disclose their personally identifiable information.[84]
A 2017 report showed that Tinder stores all messages, locations, times, characteristics of people who interest you or are interested in you, length of time people spend looking at a picture, amounting to hundreds of pages of detail, and offers the information to advertisers.[85]
See also[edit]
3nder (Feeld)
Bristlr
Bumble (app)
Grindr
Happn
Momo (software)
Yellow (app)
References[edit]
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“Sean knew she wasn’t a founder… we all knew she wasn’t a founder,” one source said on the phone. “But he wanted to help her career, and he knew that having female representation in the press could only be a good thing for the company.”
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External links[edit]
Official website
Tinder Online Guide
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Romancing the Stone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the song by Eddy Grant of the same name, see Going for Broke (album).
Romancing the Stone
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Robert Zemeckis
Produced by
Michael Douglas
Written by
Diane Thomas
Starring
Michael Douglas
Kathleen Turner
Danny DeVito
Alfonso Arau
Manuel Ojeda
Music by
Alan Silvestri
Cinematography
Dean Cundey
Edited by
Donn Cambern
Frank Morriss
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
March 30, 1984 (1984-03-30)
Running time
106 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10 million[1][2][3]
Box office
$86.5 million[4]
Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American action-adventure romantic comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Diane Thomas. The film stars Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, and Danny DeVito, and was followed by a 1985 sequel titled The Jewel of the Nile.
Romancing the Stone earned over $86 million worldwide in box office receipts. It also helped launch Turner to stardom, reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man, started Zemeckis' frequent collaboration with Alan Silvestri, and gave Zemeckis his first box-office success.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Critical reaction
5.2 Awards
6 In other media
6.1 Books
7 Sequels
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Citations
8.3 Bibliography
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Joan Wilder is a successful but lonely romance novelist in New York City whose editor believes she is waiting to meet a romantic hero like the ones she writes about. Joan gets a call from her sister Elaine, who has been kidnapped by antiquities smugglers, cousins Ira and Ralph. As Joan leaves her apartment to meet her editor, Gloria, she is handed a letter containing a map, sent to her by her late brother-in-law, Eduardo. Returning to her apartment, she finds it ransacked and the apartment supervisor dead. Joan then receives a frantic phone call from Elaine (held at knife-point by Ira), who instructs Joan to go to Colombia with the map she received; it is Elaine's ransom.
Flying to Colombia, Joan is detoured from the rendezvous point by Colonel Zolo, the man who killed Elaine's husband, Eduardo. He tricks her into boarding the wrong bus, heading deep into the interior of the country instead of to the coastal city of Cartagena, where Elaine is being held. When Joan distracts the bus driver by asking where they are going, the bus crashes into a Jeep, wrecking both vehicles. As the rest of the passengers walk away, Joan is menaced by Zolo but is saved by the Jeep's owner, American exotic bird smuggler Jack T. Colton. For getting her out of the jungle and to a telephone, Joan promises to pay Jack $375 in traveler's cheques.
Jack and Joan travel the jungle while eluding the military police and Zolo, who wants the treasure map. After spending a night hiding in a marijuana smuggler's crashed C-47 aircraft, they encounter a drug lord named Juan, who is a big fan of Joan's novels and helps them escape from Zolo.
After a night of dancing and passion in a nearby town, Jack suggests to Joan that they find the treasure themselves before handing over the map. They follow the clues and locate an enormous emerald called El Corazón ("The Heart"). Unbeknownst to Jack and Joan, they used Ralph's car for the last leg of their journey while Ralph was sleeping in the back. Ralph takes the emerald from them at gunpoint. When Zolo appears, Jack steals the jewel back, but Jack and Joan are chased into a river and go over a waterfall. They end up on opposite sides of the raging river; Joan has the map, but Jack has the emerald. Jack directs Joan to Cartagena, promising that he will meet her there.
In Cartagena, Joan meets with Ira and Ralph, who are still holding Elaine, but the exchange is interrupted by Zolo and his men, who have also captured Jack. Jack surrenders the emerald to Zolo, but a crocodile bites off Zolo's hand and swallows it along with the emerald. As a gun battle takes place between Zolo's soldiers and Ira's gang, Joan and Elaine dash for safety, pursued by Zolo. Jack tries to stop the crocodile from escaping but lets it go when he sees that Joan is in danger. Zolo charges at Joan, who eventually dodges his wild knife slashes, knocking Zolo into the crocodile pit. Ira and his men escape, but Ralph is left behind as the authorities arrive. After a kiss, Jack dives into the water after the crocodile, leaving Joan behind with her sister.
Some time later, Joan is back in New York City, delivering a new manuscript based on her adventure to Gloria, who is moved to tears by the story and tells Joan she has another best-seller on her hands. Returning home, she finds Jack waiting for her in a sailboat named the Angelina, after the heroine of Joan's novels, and wearing boots made from the crocodile's skin. He explains the crocodile died from ingesting the emerald and he had sold it, using the money to buy the boat of his dreams. They go off together, planning to sail around the world.
Cast[edit]
Michael Douglas as Jack Colton
Kathleen Turner as Joan Wilder
Danny DeVito as Ralph
Zack Norman as Ira
Alfonso Arau as Juan
Manuel Ojeda as Colonel Zolo
Holland Taylor as Gloria
Mary Ellen Trainor as Elaine Wilder
Eve Smith as Mrs. Irwin
Joe Nesnow as Super
José Chávez as Santos
Evita Muñoz "Chachita" as Hefty Woman
Camillo García as Bus Driver
Rodrigo Puebla as Bad Hombre
Paco Morayta as Hotel Clerk
Kymberly Herrin as Angelina
Bill Burton as Jesse Gerrard
Ted White as Grogan
Production[edit]
Casting[edit]
Sylvester Stallone was originally considered for the role of Jack T. Colton.[5][Note 1]
Filming[edit]
Filming locations for Romancing the Stone included Veracruz, Mexico (Fort of San Juan de Ulúa); and Huasca de Ocampo, Mexico. Parts of the film were also shot in Snow Canyon, Utah.[8] The scene where Turner and Douglas get separated on opposite banks on a whitewater river, about two-thirds into the movie, was filmed on the Rio Antigua near the town of Jalcomulco, Veracruz.[9]
Turner later said of the film's production, "I remember terrible arguments [with Robert Zemeckis] doing Romancing. He's a film-school grad, fascinated by cameras and effects. I never felt that he knew what I was having to do to adjust my acting to some of his damn cameras – sometimes he puts you in ridiculous postures. I'd say, 'This is not helping me! This is not the way I like to work, thank you!'"[10] Despite their difficulties on the film, Zemeckis would go on to work with Turner again, casting her as the voice of Jessica Rabbit in 1988's Who Framed Roger Rabbit.[11]
Release[edit]
Upon the release of Romancing the Stone, comparisons to Raiders of the Lost Ark were inevitable; Time magazine called the film "a distaff Raiders rip-off".[12] The screenplay for Romancing had actually been written five years earlier by a Malibu waitress named Diane Thomas in what would end up being her only screenplay. She died in a car crash shortly after the film's release.[13]
Studio insiders expected Romancing the Stone to flop (to the point that, after viewing a rough cut of the film, the producers of the then under development Cocoon fired Zemeckis as director of that film),[14] but the film became a surprise hit. It became 20th Century Fox's "only big hit" of 1984.[15] Zemeckis later stated that the success of Romancing the Stone allowed him to make Back to the Future, which was an even larger success.[16]
Reception[edit]
Critical reaction[edit]
Romancing the Stone was well received by critics and is considered by some as among the best films of 1984.[17][18][19][20] It holds an 88% approval rating with a 7.3/10 average on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 43 reviews.[21]
Awards[edit]
Award wins:[22]
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy[23]
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Musical or Comedy – Kathleen Turner[23]
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress – Kathleen Turner
Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing – ADR
Stuntman Award for Most Spectacular Stunt – Vince Deadrick Jr., Terry Leonard
Award nominations:
Academy Award for Best Film Editing – Donn Cambern, Frank Morriss
American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Donn Cambern, Frank Morriss
Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay – Diane Thomas
In other media[edit]
Books[edit]
The novelization of Romancing the Stone was credited to Joan Wilder though it (and a novelization of the sequel movie, The Jewel of the Nile) was actually written by Catherine Lanigan.[24]
Sequels[edit]
The success of Romancing the Stone also led to a sequel that was equally successful commercially, 1985's The Jewel of the Nile, without Zemeckis at the helm but with Douglas, Turner and DeVito all returning.[25] Another sequel, called The Crimson Eagle, never made it past the development stage. This planned yet un-produced sequel would have seen Jack Colton and his partner Joan Wilder take their two teenage children to Thailand where they would find themselves blackmailed into stealing a priceless statue. DeVito reunited Douglas, Turner, and himself in his 1989 film The War of the Roses.[11]
In 2005 and again in 2008, Michael Douglas was working on a second sequel to Romancing the Stone entitled Racing the Monsoon, although there have been no further developments in recent years.[26]
Since 2007, 20th Century Fox considered a remake of Romancing the Stone with the possibility of a "reboot" of a series. The roles of Jack Colton and Joan Wilder would be filled by Taylor Kitsch (or Gerard Butler) and Katherine Heigl.[27] By 2011, the remake was re-worked as a television series.[28]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ A virtual Who's Who of Hollywood were considered for the leads in Romancing the Stone, the list included Burt Reynolds, Clint Eastwood, Paul Newman and Christopher Reeve for the part of Jack Colton and Debra Winger as Joan Wilder.[6][7]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Romancing the Stone (1984) - Box office / business at the Internet Movie Database
Jump up ^ Solomon 1989, p. 260.
Jump up ^ Pollock, Dale. "Zemeckis puts his heart and soul in 'Romancing The Stone'". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles), March 29, 1984. p. m1.
Jump up ^ "Receipts: 'Romancing the Stone'." Box Office Mojo. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Plumb, Ali. "14 things we learned from the 'Evening with Sylvester Stallone' Q&A." Empire Online, October 9, 2015. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Susman, Gary. "'Romancing the Stone': 25 things you didn't know about the Kathleen Turner classic." movieforne.com, March 24, 2014. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Leigh 2014, p. 171.
Jump up ^ D'Arc, James V. (2010). When Hollywood came to town: a history of moviemaking in Utah (1st ed.). Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. ISBN 9781423605874.
Jump up ^ Bouey, Steve. "Finally on Location." The World by Road, January 19, 2009. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Appelo, Tim; Kilday, Greg (August 2, 1991). "Kathleen Turner: The last movie star". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Turner 2008, unpaginated.
Jump up ^ Schickel, Richard; Corliss, Richard (April 23, 1984). "The greening of the box office". Time. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Eliot 2013, p. 142.
Jump up ^ Horowitz, Mark. "Back with a Future," American Film July/Aug. 1988. pp. 32–35.
Jump up ^ "Musical chairs in Hollywood." Time, September 24, 1984. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Supplements for the Back to the Future DVD.
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Films of 1984". AMC Filmsite.org. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Nashawaty, Chris. "Was 1984 the Greatest Year in Movies Ever?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Best Movies of 1984 by Rank". Films101.com. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Most Popular Feature Films Released in 1984". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Romancing the Stone (1984)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Romancing the Stone: Award Wins and Nominations". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 42nd Annual Golden Globe Awards (1985)". Golden Globe Award. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wilder, Joan (pseudonym) and Catherine Lanigan (ghostwriter). Romancing the Stone novelization." Amazon.com. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Eliot 2013, pp. 142–143.
Jump up ^ "Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones to co-star in film 'Racing The Monsoon'." The Telegraph, May 19, 2008. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schaefer, Sandy "‘Romancing the Stone’ remake is still moving forward." Screen Rant, August 24, 2011. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fischer, Russ. "The 'Romancing the Stone' remake is now a TV series." Slashfilm.com, September 1, 2011. Retrieved: March 28, 2016.
Bibliography[edit]
Eliot, Marc. Michael Douglas: A Biography. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-3079-5237-0.
Leigh, Mark. Epic Fail: The Ultimate Book of Blunders. London: Virgin Books, 2014. ISBN 978-0-7535-4126-5.
Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century-Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
Turner, Kathleen. Send Yourself Roses: Thoughts on My Life, Love, and Leading Roles. New York: Springboard Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-4465-8112-7.
External links[edit]
Romancing the Stone on IMDb
Romancing the Stone at Rotten Tomatoes
Romancing the Stone at Box Office Mojo
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Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow"
South Park episode
Episode no.
Season 9
Episode 8
Directed by
Trey Parker
Written by
Trey Parker
Kenny Hotz
Production code
908
Original air date
October 19, 2005
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Erection Day" Next →
"Marjorine"
South Park (season 9)
List of South Park episodes
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" is the eighth episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 133rd overall episode overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 19, 2005.[1] In the episode, Stan and Cartman accidentally destroy a dam, causing the town of Beaverton to be destroyed.
The episode was co-written by series co-creator Trey Parker and Kenny Hotz. It parodies the 2004 film The Day After Tomorrow, and also general responses to Hurricane Katrina, particularly the various ad hoc explanations for the increased level of suffering from the hurricane and its aftermath.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cultural references
3 References
4 External links
Plot[edit]
Stan and Cartman are playing in a boat that Cartman claims is his uncle's when Cartman dares Stan to drive the boat, claiming he will take the blame if trouble arises. However, as Stan does not know how to drive a boat, they crash into the world's largest beaver dam, flooding the town of Beaverton. Stan and Cartman try to hide their involvement by maintaining complete silence about the incident.
Meanwhile, the flood has a worse outcome than Stan expected. The people of Beaverton are in a state of disaster. Nobody tries to help the situation; instead, everybody would rather figure out who is to blame. At a conference at the Governor's office with top Colorado scientists and government officials, they all declare that the disaster is the result of global warming. At first, it is determined the full effects will take place on "the day after tomorrow". However, some scientists suddenly burst in and state that it has been proven that the disaster will take place "two days before the day after tomorrow".
The declaration of the scientists causes mass hysteria, and everybody runs from "global warming". Most of the South Park people crowd in the community center. Randy persistently states that global warming is causing an ice age outside that would kill them if they left.
Stan admits to Kyle that he and Cartman were the cause of the Beaverton flood (although Stan takes most of the blame). The trio then set off to rescue the people by boat. The attempt is a disaster in itself, as they wind up crashing into an oil refinery, compounding the problems of the stranded people who now must deal with drowning and fire. Meanwhile, Randy, Gerald, and Stephen brave the supposed ice age to find their sons, dressed in arctic weather gear despite the mild weather; they end up collapsing in the street due to heat exhaustion and dehydration.
At this point the Army comes to rescue the boys with a helicopter. Back at the town, everyone exits the shelter, and the Army claims that the Crab People are responsible. Stan finally admits that he broke the dam, but one of the townspeople incorrectly interprets his admission as a lesson to stop the town trying to find blame; they all begin to admit "I broke the dam", with Cartman joining in knowing that he won't get in trouble now, while Stan tries unsuccessfully to explain that he actually did it.
Cultural references[edit]
This episode parodies the response to Hurricane Katrina, particularly the various ad hoc explanations for the increased level of suffering from the hurricane and its aftermath.[1] In addition, the episode parodies the misplaced anger and unwillingness to negotiate between all the parties in the Katrina relief effort, the distorted media coverage that occurred during the hurricane's aftermath, and the Houston mass evacuation during Hurricane Rita.[2] For instance, when the people conclude that George Bush was the cause of the beaver dam being broken, someone says "George Bush doesn't care about beavers!" in a parody of Kanye West's quote, "George Bush doesn't care about black people."[3][4] In addition, during the evacuation, only white people are rescued, while a black man can be seen left stranded. This references the accusations of selectively racist rescue efforts and media coverage during the Hurricane Katrina crisis.[5][6]
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" also parodies the 2004 film The Day After Tomorrow, and general responses to global warming. For instance, the scene where Stan calls his father on the phone while the water level rises is a reference to a similar scene in The Day After Tomorrow where Sam calls his father while trying to outlast the fatal coldness.[2] The final scene where everyone says "I broke the dam" is a reference to the 1960 film Spartacus where the title character comes forward as Spartacus, and the slave-crowd all claim to be Spartacus in an effort to protect him.[1]
The scene in which Cartman confronts Kyle over his "Jew Gold", in the flooded fuel factory, is a reference to the final scene of the 1976 film Marathon Man, in which a fugitive Nazi war criminal confronts a detective who has taken his diamonds, stolen from Holocaust victims, and is preventing the Nazi from cashing in on them.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow". South Park Studios. 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Keith, M. (2006). Drawn to television: prime-time animation from the Flintstones to Family guy. reenwood Publishing Group. p. 149. ISBN 9780275990190.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (2005-09-03). "Kanye West's Torrent of Criticism, Live on NBC". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
Jump up ^ Giles, Nancy (2005-10-04). "What If They Were White?". CBS News Sunday Morning. CBS News. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
Jump up ^ Stratyner, Leslie; James R. Keller (2009). Leslie Stratyner, ed. Title The Deep End of South Park: Critical Essays on Television's Shocking Cartoon Series. McFarland. ISBN 9780786443079. Retrieved 8-6-09. horizontal tab character in |title= at position 6 (help); Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Updated Number of Deceased Victims Recovered Following Hurricane Katrina". Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. December 9, 2005. Retrieved 2006-08-01.
External links[edit]
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" Full episode at South Park Studios
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" Episode guide at South Park Studios
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" on IMDb
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow" at TV.com
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow
[hide]
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e
South Park episodes
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Season 9
"Mr. Garrison's Fancy New Vagina"
"Die Hippie, Die"
"Wing"
"Best Friends Forever"
"The Losing Edge"
"The Death of Eric Cartman"
"Erection Day"
"Two Days Before the Day After Tomorrow"
"Marjorine"
"Follow That Egg!"
"Ginger Kids"
"Trapped in the Closet"
"Free Willzyx"
"Bloody Mary"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Two_Days_Before_the_Day_After_Tomorrow&oldid=804199423"
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