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Mark O'Meara
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For the Florida criminal defense attorney associated with the Trayvon Martin case, see Mark O'Mara.
Mark O'Meara
O'Meara in 2005
Personal information
Full name
Mark Francis O'Meara
Born
(1957-01-13) January 13, 1957 (age 61)
Goldsboro, North Carolina
Height
6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
Weight
195 lb (88 kg; 13.9 st)
Nationality
United States
Residence
Houston, Texas
Spouse
Meredith O'Meara
Children
Michelle, Shaun, Aidan Berkman (stepson)
Career
College
Long Beach State University
Turned professional
1980
Current tour(s)
PGA Tour Champions (joined 2007)
Former tour(s)
PGA Tour (joined 1981)
Professional wins
34
Number of wins by tour
PGA Tour
16
European Tour
4
Japan Golf Tour
2
PGA Tour Champions
2
Best results in major championships
(wins: 2)
Masters Tournament
Won: 1998
U.S. Open
T3: 1988
The Open Championship
Won: 1998
PGA Championship
T4: 1998
Achievements and awards
World Golf Hall of Fame
2015 (member page)
PGA Player of the Year
1998
PGA Tour
Player of the Year
1998
Mark Francis O'Meara (born January 13, 1957) is an American professional golfer. He was a tournament winner on the PGA Tour and around the world from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. He spent nearly 200 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking from their debut in 1986 to 2000.[1] He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2015.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early years
2 PGA Tour
3 Champions Tour
4 Professional wins (34)
4.1 PGA Tour wins (16)
4.2 European Tour wins (4)
4.3 Japan Golf Tour wins (2)
4.4 Other wins (11)
4.5 Champions Tour wins (2)
5 Major championships
5.1 Wins (2)
5.2 Results timeline
5.3 Summary
6 Senior major championships
6.1 Wins (1)
6.2 Senior results timeline
7 U.S. national team appearances
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Early years[edit]
O'Meara was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina, but grew up in southern California in Mission Viejo. He took up golf at age 13, sneaking on to the nearby Mission Viejo Country Club. O'Meara later became an employee of the club and played on his high school golf team. He was an All-American at Long Beach State,[3] and won the U.S. Amateur in 1979, defeating John Cook.[4] He also won the California State Amateur Championship that year.
O'Meara was a former resident of Orlando, Florida and lived in the same neighborhood as Tiger Woods. The two became good friends and frequently golfed together during this time. O'Meara now resides in Houston, Texas.
PGA Tour[edit]
After graduating with a degree in marketing in 1980, O'Meara turned professional and would win 16 events on the PGA Tour, beginning with the Greater Milwaukee Open in 1984. He won the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am five times, but he passed his 41st birthday in January 1998 without having won a major championship as a professional.
In a late finale to his PGA Tour winning career, O'Meara won two majors in 1998, The Masters and the British Open. O'Meara's victory in The Masters came at his 15th attempt. O'Meara attributed this resurgence partly to the inspiration of working with Tiger Woods, the new superstar of the game at the time, with whom O'Meara had become good friends.[5] In the same year, he won the Cisco World Match Play Championship and reached a career best of second in the Official World Golf Ranking.
O'Meara is known for competing outside the United States more often than most leading American golfers, and has won tournaments in Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. A man with a genial demeanor, he is one of the most popular figures in international golf. In the new millennium his form took a downturn and he began to struggle with injuries, but in 2004 he won an official tour event for the first time since 1998, taking the Dubai Desert Classic title, which despite being played in the Middle East is a European Tour event.
Champions Tour[edit]
In 2007, O'Meara began play on the Champions Tour; he had many top-10 finishes in his first three seasons including several runner-up finishes, but no wins. In 2010, he broke through with a win in the Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf with Nick Price, followed by his first senior major victory in the Constellation Energy Senior Players Championship. O'Meara was sidelined by a rib injury for several months starting in April 2012; he missed the majors on both tours and did not compete until August.[6][7]
O'Meara has begun to develop a golf course design practice and enjoys fishing in his off time. He is currently a brand ambassador for Pacific Links International.
Professional wins (34)[edit]
PGA Tour wins (16)[edit]
Legend
Major championships (2)
Other PGA Tour (14)
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
1 Sep 16, 1984 Greater Milwaukee Open 67-68-69-68=272 −16 5 strokes Tom Watson
2 Feb 3, 1985 Bing Crosby National Pro-Am 70-72-68-73=283 −5 1 stroke Kikuo Arai, Larry Rinker,
Curtis Strange
3 Feb 10, 1985 Hawaiian Open 67-66-65-69=267 −21 1 stroke Craig Stadler
4 Jan 29, 1989 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am (2) 66-68-73-70=277 −11 1 stroke Tom Kite
5 Feb 4, 1990 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am (3) 67-73-69-72=281 −7 2 strokes Kenny Perry
6 Oct 7, 1990 H.E.B. Texas Open 64-68-66-63=261 −19 1 stroke Gary Hallberg
7 Oct 19, 1991 Walt Disney World/Oldsmobile Classic 66-66-71-64=267 −21 1 stroke David Peoples
8 Feb 2, 1992 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am (4) 69-68-68-70=275 −13 Playoff Jeff Sluman
9 Mar 12, 1995 Honda Classic 68-65-71-71=275 −9 1 stroke Nick Faldo
10 Sep 10, 1995 Bell Canadian Open 72-67-68-67=274 −14 Playoff Bob Lohr
11 Jan 7, 1996 Mercedes Championships 68-69-66-68=271 −17 3 strokes Nick Faldo, Scott Hoch
12 Apr 28, 1996 Greater Greensboro Chrysler Classic 75-68-62-69=274 −14 2 strokes Duffy Waldorf
13 Feb 2, 1997 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am (5) 67-67-67-67=268 −20 1 stroke David Duval, Tiger Woods
14 Feb 9, 1997 Buick Invitational 67-66-71-71=275 −13 2 strokes David Ogrin, Donnie Hammond,
Jesper Parnevik, Craig Stadler,
Lee Janzen, Mike Hulbert,
Duffy Waldorf
15 Apr 12, 1998 Masters Tournament 74-70-68-67=279 −9 1 stroke Fred Couples, David Duval
16 Jul 19, 1998 The Open Championship 72-68-72-68=280 E Playoff Brian Watts
PGA Tour playoff record (3–4)
No.
Year
Tournament
Opponent(s)
Result
1 1981 Tallahassee Open Dave Eichelberger, Bob Murphy Eichelberger won with birdie on first extra hole
2 1983 Phoenix Open Rex Caldwell, Bob Gilder,
Johnny Miller Gilder won with birdie on eighth extra hole
Miller and O'Meara eliminated with birdie on second hole
3 1991 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic Corey Pavin Lost to birdie on first extra hole
4 1992 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic John Cook, Rick Fehr,
Tom Kite, Gene Sauers Cook won with eagle on fourth extra hole
Fehr eliminated with birdie on second hole
Kite and O'Meara eliminated with birdie on first hole
5 1992 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am Jeff Sluman Won with par on first extra hole
6 1995 Bell Canadian Open Bob Lohr Won with par on first extra hole
7 1998 The Open Championship Brian Watts Won four-hole aggregate playoff
O'Meara 4-4-5-4=17, Watts 5-4-5-5=19
European Tour wins (4)[edit]
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
Margin of
victory
Runner-up
1 Aug 23, 1987 Lawrence Batley International −17 (71-64-70-66=271) 3 strokes Carl Mason
2 Sep 14, 1997 Trophée Lancôme −13 (69-67-66-69=271) 1 stroke Jarmo Sandelin
3 Jul 19, 1998 The Open Championship E (72-68-72-68=280) Playoff Brian Watts
4 Mar 7, 2004 Dubai Desert Classic −17 (70-64-68-69=271) 1 stroke Paul McGinley
European Tour playoff record (1–0)
No.
Year
Tournament
Opponent
Result
1 1998 The Open Championship Brian Watts Won four-hole aggregate playoff
O'Meara 4-4-5-4=17, Watts 5-4-5-5=19
Japan Golf Tour wins (2)[edit]
1985 Fujisankei Classic
1992 Tokai Classic
Other wins (11)[edit]
1985 Isuzu Kapalua International (unofficial PGA Tour event)
1986 Australian Masters
1989 RMCC Invitational (with Curtis Strange)
1994 Argentine Open, Fred Meyer Challenge (with John Cook)
1998 Cisco World Match Play Championship (Europe – unofficial event), Skins Game (U.S. – unofficial event)
1999 World Cup of Golf (with Tiger Woods)
2000 Fred Meyer Challenge (with John Cook)
2002 Skins Game (U.S. – unofficial event)
2007 Champions Challenge (with Mike Reid)
Champions Tour wins (2)[edit]
Legend
Champions Tour major championships (1)
Other Champions Tour (1)
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
1 Apr 25, 2010 Liberty Mutual Insurance Legends of Golf
(with Nick Price) 62-64-62=188 −28 Playoff John Cook & Joey Sindelar
2 Oct 10, 2010 Constellation Energy Senior Players Championship 68-68-69-68=273 −7 Playoff Michael Allen
Champions Tour playoff record (2–1)
No.
Year
Tournament
Opponent(s)
Result
1 2010 Liberty Mutual Insurance Legends of Golf
(with Nick Price) John Cook & Joey Sindelar Won with par on second extra hole
2 2010 Constellation Energy Senior Players Championship Michael Allen Won with par on first extra hole
3 2012 Boeing Classic Jay Don Blake Lost to birdie on second extra hole
Major championships[edit]
Wins (2)[edit]
Year
Championship
54 holes
Winning score
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
1998 Masters Tournament 2 shot deficit 74-70-68-67=279 −9 1 stroke Fred Couples, David Duval
1998 The Open Championship 2 shot deficit 72-68-72-68=280 E Playoff 1 Brian Watts
1 Defeated Brian Watts in 4-hole playoff: O'Meara (4-4-5-4=17), Watts (5-4-5-5=19)
Results timeline[edit]
Tournament
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Masters Tournament CUT 24 48 T24 T39 T11
U.S. Open CUT CUT 58 T7 T15 T41 CUT T3 CUT
The Open Championship T47 T3 T43 T66 27 T42
PGA Championship T70 CUT T25 T28 CUT CUT T9 CUT
Tournament
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Masters Tournament CUT T27 T4 T21 T15 T31 T18 T30 1 T31
U.S. Open CUT CUT CUT CUT CUT T16 T36 T32 CUT
The Open Championship T48 T3 T12 CUT T49 T33 T38 1 CUT
PGA Championship T19 CUT CUT CUT T6 T26 T13 T4 T57
Tournament
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Masters Tournament CUT T20 CUT T8 T27 T31 CUT CUT CUT CUT
U.S. Open T51 CUT T18 T35 CUT
The Open Championship T26 T42 T22 T65 T30 CUT T63 T60 CUT T70
PGA Championship T46 T22 CUT CUT CUT
Tournament
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Masters Tournament CUT CUT CUT CUT T22 CUT CUT CUT
U.S. Open
The Open Championship CUT CUT T58 T78 T63 CUT
PGA Championship
Win
Top 10
Did not play
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place.
Summary[edit]
Tournament
Wins
2nd
3rd
Top-5
Top-10
Top-25
Events
Cuts made
Masters Tournament 1 0 0 2 3 11 34 19
U.S. Open 0 0 1 1 2 5 23 11
The Open Championship 1 0 2 3 3 5 31 24
PGA Championship 0 0 0 1 3 7 22 12
Totals
2
0
3
7
11
28
110
66
Most consecutive cuts made – 11 (1995 Masters – 1999 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (1998 Open Championship – 1998 PGA)
Senior major championships[edit]
Wins (1)[edit]
Year
Championship
Winning score
To par
Margin
Runner-up
2010 Constellation Energy Senior Players Championship 68-68-69-68=273 −7 Playoff1 Michael Allen
1Defeated Allen in a sudden-death playoff.
Senior results timeline[edit]
Results not in chronological order before 2017.
Tournament
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
The Tradition T14 T31 T11 T38 T12 DNP T36 T35 T38 T17 T40
Senior PGA Championship T12 T24 T14 4 T18 DNP 4 DNP T45 T14 T46
U.S. Senior Open T11 CUT T6 CUT 2 DNP 19 T38 WD CUT CUT
Senior Players Championship T31 T32 T9 1 5 DNP T39 T6 WD T36 70
Senior British Open Championship T2 T34 T25 DNP T39 DNP T26 DNP WD T18 DNP
DNP = did not play
CUT = missed the halfway cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place.
Green background for a win. Yellow background for top-10.
U.S. national team appearances[edit]
Professional
Alfred Dunhill Cup: 1985, 1986, 1987, 1996 (winners), 1997, 1998, 1999
Ryder Cup: 1985, 1989 (tie), 1991 (winners), 1997, 1999 (winners)
Nissan Cup: 1985 (winners)
Presidents Cup: 1996 (winners), 1998
World Cup: 1999 (winners)
UBS Cup: 2001 (winners), 2002 (winners), 2003 (tie)
See also[edit]
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
List of golfers with most wins in one PGA Tour event
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "69 Players Who Have Reached The Top-10 In World Ranking" (PDF). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ McAllister, Mike (October 15, 2014). "Class of 2015 Hall of Famers receive surprise calls". PGA Tour.
Jump up ^ Foster, Chris (March 9, 2007). "O'Meara Comes Home For Toshiba Classic". Long Beach State.com. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
Jump up ^ Chmiel, David (August 18, 2015). "Mark O'Meara: U.S. Amateur Victory Provided Crucial Confidence". USGA. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ An Interview with: Mark O'Meara Archived October 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "O'Meara withdraws from Masters before 1st round". April 5, 2012. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Former champ Mark O'Meara to miss British Open". July 10, 2012. [dead link]
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mark O'Meara.
Mark O'Meara at the PGA Tour official site
Mark O'Meara at the European Tour official site
Mark O'Meara at the Japan Golf Tour official site
Mark O'Meara at the Official World Golf Ranking official site
The official Mark O'Meara Design web site
[show]
Mark O'Meara in the major championships
[show]
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Masters Tournament champions
1934 Horton Smith
1935 Gene Sarazen†
1936 Horton Smith
1937 Byron Nelson
1938 Henry Picard
1939 Ralph Guldahl
1940 Jimmy Demaret
1941‡ Craig Wood
1942 Byron Nelson†
1943–45 cancelled due to World War II
1946 Herman Keiser
1947 Jimmy Demaret
1948 Claude Harmon
1949 Sam Snead
1950 Jimmy Demaret
1951 Ben Hogan
1952 Sam Snead
1953 Ben Hogan
1954 Sam Snead†
1955 Cary Middlecoff
1956 Jack Burke Jr.
1957 Doug Ford
1958 Arnold Palmer
1959 Art Wall Jr.
1960‡ Arnold Palmer
1961 Gary Player
1962 Arnold Palmer†
1963 Jack Nicklaus
1964 Arnold Palmer
1965 Jack Nicklaus
1966 Jack Nicklaus†
1967 Gay Brewer
1968 Bob Goalby
1969 George Archer
1970 Billy Casper†
1971 Charles Coody
1972‡ Jack Nicklaus
1973 Tommy Aaron
1974 Gary Player
1975 Jack Nicklaus
1976‡ Raymond Floyd
1977 Tom Watson
1978 Gary Player
1979 Fuzzy Zoeller†
1980 Seve Ballesteros
1981 Tom Watson
1982 Craig Stadler†
1983 Seve Ballesteros
1984 Ben Crenshaw
1985 Bernhard Langer
1986 Jack Nicklaus
1987 Larry Mize†
1988 Sandy Lyle
1989 Nick Faldo†
1990 Nick Faldo†
1991 Ian Woosnam
1992 Fred Couples
1993 Bernhard Langer
1994 José María Olazábal
1995 Ben Crenshaw
1996 Nick Faldo
1997 Tiger Woods
1998 Mark O'Meara
1999 José María Olazábal
2000 Vijay Singh
2001 Tiger Woods
2002 Tiger Woods
2003 Mike Weir†
2004 Phil Mickelson
2005 Tiger Woods†
2006 Phil Mickelson
2007 Zach Johnson
2008 Trevor Immelman
2009 Ángel Cabrera†
2010 Phil Mickelson
2011 Charl Schwartzel
2012 Bubba Watson†
2013 Adam Scott†
2014 Bubba Watson
2015‡ Jordan Spieth
2016 Danny Willett
2017 Sergio García†
2018 Patrick Reed
† indicates the event was won in a playoff; ‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire
[show]
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The Open Championship champions
1860 Willie Park Sr.
1861 Tom Morris Sr.
1862 Tom Morris Sr.
1863 Willie Park Sr.
1864 Tom Morris Sr.
1865 Andrew Strath
1866 Willie Park Sr.
1867 Tom Morris Sr.
1868 Tom Morris Jr.
1869 Tom Morris Jr.
1870 Tom Morris Jr.
1871 No championship
1872 Tom Morris Jr.
1873 Tom Kidd
1874 Mungo Park
1875 Willie Park Sr.
1876 Bob Martin†
1877 Jamie Anderson
1878 Jamie Anderson
1879 Jamie Anderson
1880 Bob Ferguson
1881 Bob Ferguson
1882 Bob Ferguson
1883 Willie Fernie†
1884 Jack Simpson
1885 Bob Martin
1886 David Brown
1887 Willie Park Jr.
1888 Jack Burns
1889 Willie Park Jr.†
1890 John Ball#
1891 Hugh Kirkaldy
1892 Harold Hilton#
1893 William Auchterlonie
1894 John Henry Taylor
1895 John Henry Taylor
1896 Harry Vardon†
1897 Harold Hilton#
1898 Harry Vardon
1899 Harry Vardon
1900 John Henry Taylor
1901 James Braid
1902 Sandy Herd
1903 Harry Vardon
1904 Jack White
1905 James Braid
1906 James Braid
1907 Arnaud Massy
1908 James Braid
1909 John Henry Taylor
1910 James Braid
1911 Harry Vardon†
1912‡ Edward Ray
1913 John Henry Taylor
1914 Harry Vardon
1915–19 No Championships due to World War I
1920 George Duncan
1921 Jock Hutchison†
1922 Walter Hagen
1923 Arthur Havers
1924 Walter Hagen
1925 Jim Barnes
1926 Bobby Jones#
1927‡ Bobby Jones#
1928 Walter Hagen
1929 Walter Hagen
1930 Bobby Jones#
1931 Tommy Armour
1932‡ Gene Sarazen
1933 Denny Shute†
1934‡ Henry Cotton
1935 Alf Perry
1936 Alf Padgham
1937 Henry Cotton
1938 Reg Whitcombe
1939 Dick Burton
1940–45 No Championships due to World War II
1946 Sam Snead
1947 Fred Daly
1948 Henry Cotton
1949 Bobby Locke†
1950 Bobby Locke
1951 Max Faulkner
1952 Bobby Locke
1953 Ben Hogan
1954 Peter Thomson
1955 Peter Thomson
1956 Peter Thomson
1957 Bobby Locke
1958 Peter Thomson†
1959 Gary Player
1960 Kel Nagle
1961 Arnold Palmer
1962 Arnold Palmer
1963 Bob Charles†
1964 Tony Lema
1965 Peter Thomson
1966 Jack Nicklaus
1967 Roberto De Vicenzo
1968 Gary Player
1969 Tony Jacklin
1970 Jack Nicklaus†
1971 Lee Trevino
1972 Lee Trevino
1973‡ Tom Weiskopf
1974 Gary Player
1975 Tom Watson†
1976 Johnny Miller
1977 Tom Watson
1978 Jack Nicklaus
1979 Seve Ballesteros
1980 Tom Watson
1981 Bill Rogers
1982 Tom Watson
1983 Tom Watson
1984 Seve Ballesteros
1985 Sandy Lyle
1986 Greg Norman
1987 Nick Faldo
1988 Seve Ballesteros
1989 Mark Calcavecchia†
1990 Nick Faldo
1991 Ian Baker-Finch
1992 Nick Faldo
1993 Greg Norman
1994 Nick Price
1995 John Daly†
1996 Tom Lehman
1997 Justin Leonard
1998 Mark O'Meara†
1999 Paul Lawrie†
2000 Tiger Woods
2001 David Duval
2002 Ernie Els†
2003 Ben Curtis
2004 Todd Hamilton†
2005‡ Tiger Woods
2006 Tiger Woods
2007 Pádraig Harrington†
2008 Pádraig Harrington
2009 Stewart Cink†
2010 Louis Oosthuizen
2011 Darren Clarke
2012 Ernie Els
2013 Phil Mickelson
2014‡ Rory McIlroy
2015 Zach Johnson†
2016 Henrik Stenson
2017 Jordan Spieth
† indicates the event was won in a playoff; ‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire in 72-holes; # indicates the event was won by an amateur
[show]
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Senior Players Championship champions
1983 Miller Barber
1984 Arnold Palmer
1985 Arnold Palmer
1986 Chi-Chi Rodríguez
1987 Gary Player
1988 Billy Casper
1989 Orville Moody
1990 Jack Nicklaus
1991 Jim Albus
1992 Dave Stockton
1993 Jim Colbert
1994 Dave Stockton
1995 J. C. Snead†
1996 Raymond Floyd
1997 Larry Gilbert
1998 Gil Morgan
1999 Hale Irwin
2000 Raymond Floyd
2001 Allen Doyle†
2002 Stewart Ginn
2003 Craig Stadler
2004 Mark James
2005 Peter Jacobsen
2006 Bobby Wadkins
2007 Loren Roberts
2008 D. A. Weibring
2009 Jay Haas
2010 Mark O'Meara†
2011 Fred Couples†
2012 Joe Daley
2013 Kenny Perry
2014 Bernhard Langer
2015 Bernhard Langer
2016 Bernhard Langer
2017 Scott McCarron
† indicates the event was won in a playoff
[show]
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PGA and PGA Tour Players of the Year
PGA Players of the Year
1948 Ben Hogan
1949 Sam Snead
1950 Ben Hogan
1951 Ben Hogan
1952 Julius Boros
1953 Ben Hogan
1954 Ed Furgol
1955 Doug Ford
1956 Jack Burke Jr.
1957 Dick Mayer
1958 Dow Finsterwald
1959 Art Wall Jr.
1960 Arnold Palmer
1961 Jerry Barber
1962 Arnold Palmer
1963 Julius Boros
1964 Ken Venturi
1965 Dave Marr
1966 Billy Casper
1967 Jack Nicklaus
1968 No award
1969 Orville Moody
1970 Billy Casper
1971 Lee Trevino
1972 Jack Nicklaus
1973 Jack Nicklaus
1974 Johnny Miller
1975 Jack Nicklaus
1976 Jack Nicklaus
1977 Tom Watson
1978 Tom Watson
1979 Tom Watson
1980 Tom Watson
1981 Bill Rogers
1982 Tom Watson
1983 Hal Sutton
1984 Tom Watson
1985 Lanny Wadkins
1986 Bob Tway
1987 Paul Azinger
1988 Curtis Strange
1989 Tom Kite
1990 Nick Faldo
1991 Corey Pavin
1992 Fred Couples
1993 Nick Price
1994 Nick Price
1995 Greg Norman
1996 Tom Lehman
1997 Tiger Woods
1998 Mark O'Meara
1999 Tiger Woods
2000 Tiger Woods
2001 Tiger Woods
2002 Tiger Woods
2003 Tiger Woods
2004 Vijay Singh
2005 Tiger Woods
2006 Tiger Woods
2007 Tiger Woods
2008 Pádraig Harrington
2009 Tiger Woods
2010 Jim Furyk
2011 Luke Donald
2012 Rory McIlroy
2013 Tiger Woods
2014 Rory McIlroy
2015 Jordan Spieth
2016 Dustin Johnson
2017 Justin Thomas
PGA Tour Players of the Year
1990 Wayne Levi
1991 Fred Couples
1992 Fred Couples
1993 Nick Price
1994 Nick Price
1995 Greg Norman
1996 Tom Lehman
1997 Tiger Woods
1998 Mark O'Meara
1999 Tiger Woods
2000 Tiger Woods
2001 Tiger Woods
2002 Tiger Woods
2003 Tiger Woods
2004 Vijay Singh
2005 Tiger Woods
2006 Tiger Woods
2007 Tiger Woods
2008 Pádraig Harrington
2009 Tiger Woods
2010 Jim Furyk
2011 Luke Donald
2012 Rory McIlroy
2013 Tiger Woods
2014 Rory McIlroy
2015 Jordan Spieth
2016 Dustin Johnson
2017 Justin Thomas
[show]
Mark O'Meara in the Ryder Cup
[show]
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United States Ryder Cup team – 1985
Raymond Floyd
Hubert Green
Peter Jacobsen
Tom Kite
Andy North
Mark O'Meara
Calvin Peete
Craig Stadler
Curtis Strange
Hal Sutton
Lanny Wadkins
Fuzzy Zoeller
Lee Trevino (non-playing captain)
Lost: 11.5 – 16.5
[show]
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United States Ryder Cup team – 1989
Paul Azinger
Chip Beck
Mark Calcavecchia
Fred Couples
Ken Green
Tom Kite
Mark McCumber
Mark O'Meara
Payne Stewart
Curtis Strange
Lanny Wadkins
Tom Watson
Raymond Floyd (non-playing captain)
Tied: 14 – 14
[show]
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United States Ryder Cup team – 1991
Paul Azinger
Chip Beck
Mark Calcavecchia
Fred Couples
Raymond Floyd
Hale Irwin
Wayne Levi
Mark O'Meara
Steve Pate
Corey Pavin
Payne Stewart
Lanny Wadkins
Dave Stockton (non-playing captain)
Won: 14.5 – 13.5
[show]
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United States Ryder Cup team – 1997
Fred Couples
Brad Faxon
Jim Furyk
Scott Hoch
Lee Janzen
Tom Lehman
Justin Leonard
Davis Love III
Jeff Maggert
Phil Mickelson
Mark O'Meara
Tiger Woods
Tom Kite (non-playing captain)
Lost: 13.5 – 14.5
[show]
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United States Ryder Cup team – 1999
David Duval
Jim Furyk
Tom Lehman
Justin Leonard
Davis Love III
Jeff Maggert
Phil Mickelson
Mark O'Meara
Steve Pate
Payne Stewart
Hal Sutton
Tiger Woods
Ben Crenshaw (non-playing captain)
Won: 14.5 – 13.5
[show]
Mark O'Meara in the Presidents Cup
[show]
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United States Presidents Cup team – 1996
Mark Brooks
Fred Couples
David Duval
Scott Hoch
Tom Lehman
Justin Leonard
Davis Love III
Mark O'Meara
Phil Mickelson
Corey Pavin
Kenny Perry
Steve Stricker
Arnold Palmer (non-playing captain)
Won: 16.5 – 15.5
[show]
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United States Presidents Cup team – 1998
Mark Calcavecchia
Fred Couples
David Duval
Jim Furyk
Scott Hoch
John Huston
Lee Janzen
Justin Leonard
Davis Love III
Phil Mickelson
Mark O'Meara
Tiger Woods
Jack Nicklaus (non-playing captain)
Lost: 11.5 – 20.5
[show]
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U.S. Amateur champions
1895 Charles B. Macdonald
1896 H. J. Whigham
1897 H. J. Whigham
1898 Findlay S. Douglas
1899 Herbert M. Harriman
1900 Walter Travis
1901 Walter Travis
1902 Louis N. James
1903 Walter Travis
1904 Chandler Egan
1905 Chandler Egan
1906 Eben Byers
1907 Jerome Travers
1908 Jerome Travers
1909 Robert A. Gardner
1910 William C. Fownes Jr.
1911 Harold Hilton†
1912 Jerome Travers
1913 Jerome Travers
1914 Francis Ouimet
1915 Robert A. Gardner
1916 Chick Evans
1917–18 Cancelled due to World War I
1919 S. Davidson Herron
1920 Chick Evans
1921 Jesse P. Guilford
1922 Jess Sweetser
1923 Max R. Marston†
1924 Bobby Jones
1925 Bobby Jones
1926 George Von Elm
1927 Bobby Jones
1928 Bobby Jones
1929 Harrison R. Johnston
1930 Bobby Jones
1931 Francis Ouimet
1932 Ross Somerville
1933 George Dunlap
1934 Lawson Little
1935 Lawson Little
1936 John Fischer†
1937 Johnny Goodman
1938 Willie Turnesa
1939 Bud Ward
1940 Dick Chapman
1941 Bud Ward
1942–45 Cancelled due to World War II
1946 Ted Bishop†
1947 Skee Riegel
1948 Willie Turnesa
1949 Charles Coe
1950 Sam Urzetta†
1951 Billy Maxwell
1952 Jack Westland
1953 Gene Littler
1954 Arnold Palmer
1955 Harvie Ward
1956 Harvie Ward
1957 Hillman Robbins
1958 Charles Coe
1959 Jack Nicklaus
1960 Deane Beman
1961 Jack Nicklaus
1962 Labron Harris Jr.
1963 Deane Beman
1964 William C. Campbell
1965 Bob Murphy
1966 Gary Cowan†
1967 Bob Dickson
1968 Bruce Fleisher
1969 Steve Melnyk
1970 Lanny Wadkins
1971 Gary Cowan
1972 Vinny Giles
1973 Craig Stadler
1974 Jerry Pate
1975 Fred Ridley
1976 Bill Sander
1977 John Fought
1978 John Cook
1979 Mark O'Meara
1980 Hal Sutton
1981 Nathaniel Crosby
1982 Jay Sigel
1983 Jay Sigel
1984 Scott Verplank
1985 Sam Randolph
1986 Buddy Alexander
1987 Billy Mayfair
1988 Eric Meeks
1989 Chris Patton
1990 Phil Mickelson
1991 Mitch Voges
1992 Justin Leonard
1993 John Harris
1994 Tiger Woods
1995 Tiger Woods
1996 Tiger Woods†
1997 Matt Kuchar
1998 Hank Kuehne
1999 David Gossett
2000 Jeff Quinney†
2001 Bubba Dickerson
2002 Ricky Barnes
2003 Nick Flanagan†
2004 Ryan Moore
2005 Edoardo Molinari
2006 Richie Ramsay
2007 Colt Knost
2008 Danny Lee
2009 An Byeong-hun
2010 Peter Uihlein
2011 Kelly Kraft
2012 Steven Fox†
2013 Matthew Fitzpatrick
2014 Gunn Yang
2015 Bryson DeChambeau
2016 Curtis Luck
2017 Doc Redman
† indicates the event was won in extra holes.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_O%27Meara&oldid=835171088"
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text:
Hallelujah I Love Her So
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the album by Ray Charles, see Ray Charles (album).
"Hallelujah I Love Her So"
Single by Ray Charles
from the album Ray Charles (or, Hallelujah I Love Her So)
B-side
"What Would I Do Without You"
Released
1956
Format
7" 45rpm
Recorded
1956
Genre
soul
rhythm and blues
Length
2:35
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Ray Charles
Producer(s)
Jerry Wexler
Ray Charles singles chronology
"A Fool for You"
(1955) "Hallelujah I Love Her So"
(1956) "Mary Ann"
(1956)
"A Fool for You"
(1955) "Hallelujah I Love Her So"
(1956) "Mary Ann"
(1956)
"Hallelujah I Love Her So" is a single from American musician Ray Charles. The jazz and rhythm and blues song was written and released by Charles in 1956 on the Atlantic label, and in 1957 it was included on his self-titled debut LP, also released on Atlantic. The song peaked at number five on the Billboard R&B chart. It is loosely based on 'Get It Over Baby' by Ike Turner (1953).
"Hallelujah I Love Her So" is a testament to the joyous release of love, featuring a sophisticated horn arrangement and memorable tenor sax solo by Don Wilkerson. Several artists, including Stevie Wonder, Peggy Lee, Eddie Cochran, and Humble Pie have successfully covered the song.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Personnel
2 Beatles cover versions
3 Other Cover versions
4 Eddie Cochran version
4.1 Chart performance
5 George Jones and Brenda Lee version
5.1 Chart performance
6 Notes
7 External links
Personnel[edit]
Ray Charles – lead vocal
Don Wilkerson – tenor saxophone solo
The Ray Charles Orchestra – instrumentation
Jerry Wexler – producer
Beatles cover versions[edit]
"Hallelujah I Love Her So"
Song by the Beatles (then known as the Quarrymen)
from the album Anthology 1
Released
20 November 1995
Recorded
Spring 1960[2]
Genre
Rhythm and blues
Length
1:13
Songwriter(s)
Ray Charles
Anthology 1 track listing
"In Spite of All the Danger"
(5) "Hallelujah I Love Her So"
(6) "You'll Be Mine"
(7)
According to biographer Mark Lewisohn (in The Complete Beatles Chronicle, p. 362), the Beatles (first as the Quarrymen) regularly performed the song, from at least 1960 through 1962 with Paul McCartney on lead vocal. A very early home recording rehearsal (dated tentatively to May 1960) of it was included on Anthology 1 as well as on previous unauthorized releases. They continued playing it regularly including at The Star-Club in Hamburg through the end of 1962, an audience recording was made there which is included in the album Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962. Additionally according to author Doug Sulpy (in Drugs, Divorce And A Slipping Image, sec. 22.25) on Jan. 22, 1969 during the massive Get Back sessions they cut a version with John Lennon doing a "loose" lead vocal of it, that version has never been officially released. Lastly, in December 1961 the two singer-musicians that were asked to join the Beatles, namely Tony Sheridan and Roy Young, did a studio version that was released on the Sheridan album My Bonnie (1962) although none of the Beatles participate.
Other Cover versions[edit]
Peggy Lee (single A-side in 1959 as "Hallelujah I Love Him So")
Ella Fitzgerald on her Verve release Rhythm Is My Business
Connie Francis (as "Hallelujah I Love Him So")
Timi Yuro (as "Halleluja I Love Him So")
Eddie Cochran (single A-side)
Eva Cassidy (as "Hallelujah I Love Him So")
Earl Grant
Jerry Lee Lewis
Little Stevie Wonder on the 1962 album Tribute to Uncle Ray
Davy Graham (acoustic instrumental version on 1963 album The Guitar Player)
Harry Belafonte on the 1958 album Belafonte Sings the Blues, a smart "jazzy" version
The Animals
Gerry and the Pacemakers
Frank Sinatra on My Way (1969)
Humble Pie
Brenda Lee (as "Hallelujah I Love Him So")
Jerry Reed
The Blues Band
The Holloways
Raymond van het Groenewoud translated the song on his 1988 album Intiem
Ben l'Oncle Soul in a French version called Demain j'arrête
Hugh Laurie on the special edition of his album Let Them Talk
Crystal Gayle
Maceo Parker on his 2008 album Roots & Grooves
Tony DeSare on his 2009 album Radio Show
David Sanborn on his 2010 album Only Everything
Guy Sebastian "Hallelujah I Love Her So" from The Memphis Album
James Hunter
Jamie Cullum
Blue Harlem
Reverend Chris and the High Rollers
Lone Ranger in a reggae version called Rose Marie
Ryan Montbleau
Neil Sedaka, on his 1966 Australian album Neil Sedaka at Chequers
Eddie Cochran version[edit]
"Hallelujah, I Love Her So"
Single by Eddie Cochran
from the album The Eddie Cochran Memorial Album
B-side
"Little Angel"
Released
November 1959
Format
7" 45rpm
Recorded
August 31, 1959
Genre
Rock 'n' roll
Label
Liberty F-55217
Songwriter(s)
Ray Charles
Producer(s)
Eddie Cochran
Eddie Cochran singles chronology
"Somethin' Else"
(1959) "Hallelujah, I Love Her So"
(1959) "Three Steps to Heaven"
(1960)
"Somethin' Else"
(1959) "Hallelujah, I Love Her So"
(1959) "Three Steps to Heaven"
(1960)
"Hallelujah, I Love Her So" is an adaption of the Ray Charles song by Eddie Cochran. It was released as a single on Liberty Records in November 1959.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1960)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 22
George Jones and Brenda Lee version[edit]
George Jones covered the song on his 1984 album Ladies' Choice as a duet with Brenda Lee titled "Hallelujah, I Love You So". It was released as a single in 1984 and peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1985.[3]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1984–1985)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles[3] 15
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 13
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ray Charles website". Raycharles.com. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
Jump up ^ Lewisohn, Mark (1995). Anthology 1 (booklet). The Beatles. London: Apple Records. pp. 7–8. 34448.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, Joel (2013). Hot Country Songs 1944–2012. Record Research, Inc. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-89820-203-8.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Ray Charles
Studio albums
Atlantic
Ray Charles (Hallelujah, I Love Her So)
The Great Ray Charles
Yes Indeed!
Soul Brothers
What'd I Say
The Genius of Ray Charles
The Genius Sings the Blues
Soul Meeting
The Genius After Hours
True to Life
Love & Peace
Ain't It So
Brother Ray Is at It Again
ABC
The Genius Hits the Road
Dedicated to You
Ray Charles and Betty Carter
Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music
Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2
Ingredients in a Recipe for Soul
Sweet & Sour Tears
Have a Smile with Me
Together Again / Country and Western Meets Rhythm and Blues
Crying Time
Ray's Moods
Ray Charles Invites You to Listen
A Portrait of Ray
I'm All Yours Baby!
Doing His Thing
My Kind of Jazz
Love Country Style
Volcanic Action of My Soul
Jazz Number II
A Message From The People
Through The Eyes Of Love
Crossover
Renaissance
My Kind of Jazz Part 3
Columbia
Wish You Were Here Tonight
Do I Ever Cross Your Mind
Friendship
The Spirit of Christmas
From the Pages of My Mind
Just Between Us
Warner Bros.
Would You Believe
My World
Strong Love Affair
Other labels
Genius+Soul = Jazz
Porgy and Bess
Thanks for Bringing Love Around Again
Genius Loves Company
Posthumous
studio creations
Genius & Friends
Ray Sings, Basie Swings
Rare Genius
Live albums
Ray Charles at Newport
Ray Charles in Person
Live in Concert
Ray Charles Live
Notable
compilations
Do the Twist! with Ray Charles
Ray Charles Greatest Hits
A Man and His Soul
The Best of Ray Charles
Anthology
The Birth of Soul
Genius and Soul
Ray Charles in Concert
Billboard Hot 100
Top 10 Singles
"What'd I Say "
"Georgia on My Mind "
"Hit the Road Jack"
"One Mint Julep"
"Unchain My Heart"
"I Can't Stop Loving You "
"You Don't Know Me"
"You Are My Sunshine"
"Busted"
"Take These Chains from My Heart"
"Crying Time"
Other Billboard Charts
#1 singles
"I Got a Woman"
"A Fool for You"
"Mary Ann"
"Drown in My Own Tears"
"Together Again"
"Let's Go Get Stoned"
"Seven Spanish Angels"
"I'll Be Good to You"
Grammy Awarded Works
(not included above)
"Let The Good Times Roll"
"Living for the City"
"A Song for You"
"Heaven Help Us All "
"Here We Go Again"
See also
Discography
David "Fathead" Newman
Fathead / Ray Charles Sextet
Hank Crawford
The Raelettes
Ray (soundtrack)
Quincy Jones
The Blues Brothers
Here We Go Again: Celebrating the Genius of Ray Charles
Tribute to Uncle Ray
"Confession Blues"
Diet Pepsi
Book
Category
Commons
Wikiquote
[show]
v
t
e
Eddie Cochran
Studio albums
Singin' to My Baby
Posthumous studio albums
Never to Be Forgotten
My Way (UK)
Compilations
12 of His Biggest Hits
Summertime Blues
Legendary Masters Series
The Very Best of Eddie Cochran
Great Hits
Live albums
On The Air
Singles
"Sittin' in the Balcony"
"Drive In Show"
"Twenty Flight Rock"
"Jeannie Jeannie Jeannie"
"Summertime Blues"
"C'mon Everybody"
"Teenage Heaven"
"Somethin' Else"
"Hallelujah I Love Her So"
"Three Steps To Heaven"
"Lonely"
"Sweetie Pie"
"Weekend"
"My Way"
Movies
The Girl Can't Help It
Untamed Youth
Go, Johnny, Go!
Associated acts
Jerry Capehart
Sharon Sheeley
Gene Vincent
Related articles
Liberty Records
Cash Records
Ekko Records
Crest Records
Freedom Records
Gold Star Recording Studios
Gretsch
Book:Eddie Cochran
[show]
v
t
e
George Jones singles
Singles
"No Money in This Deal"
"Why Baby Why"
"Achin', Breakin' Heart"
"Seasons of My Heart"
"Too Much Water"
"Just One More"
"Don't Stop the Music"
"Color of the Blues"
"White Lightning"
"The Window Up Above"
"Tender Years"
"She Thinks I Still Care"
"I'll Share My World with You
"The Race Is On"
"Love Bug"
"Walk Through This World with Me"
"If My Heart Had Windows"
"Good Year for the Roses"
"Loving You Could Never Be Better"
"A Picture of Me (Without You)"
"The Grand Tour"
"The Door"
"He Stopped Loving Her Today"
"I'm Not Ready Yet"
"If Drinkin' Don't Kill Me (Her Memory Will)"
"Still Doin' Time"
"Same Ole Me"
"Shine On (Shine All Your Sweet Love on Me)"
"I Always Get Lucky with You"
"Tennessee Whiskey"
"You've Still Got a Place in My Heart"
"She's My Rock"
"Hallelujah, I Love You So"
"Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes"
"The One I Loved Back Then (The Corvette Song)"
"Somebody Wants Me Out of the Way"
"Wine Colored Roses"
"The Right Left Hand"
"I Turn to You"
"I'm a One Woman Man"
"I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair"
"Choices"
"Funny How Time Slips Away"
Collaborative singles
"We Must Have Been Out of Our Minds" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"Let's Invite Them Over" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"What's in Our Heart" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"Blue Moon of Kentucky" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"We're Gonna Hold On" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"Golden Ring" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"Near You" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"Maybellene" (w/ Johnny Paycheck)
"Two Story House" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"You Better Move On" (w/ Johnny Paycheck)
"Yesterday's Wine" (w/ Merle Haggard)
"C.C. Waterback" (w/ Merle Haggard)
Guest singles
"A Few Ole Country Boys" (w/ Randy Travis)
"You Don't Seem to Miss Me" (w/ Patty Loveless)
"A Country Boy Can Survive (Y2K version)" (w/ Chad Brock and Hank Williams, Jr.)
"Murder on Music Row" (w/ Dierks Bentley)
Related articles
Albums discography
Singles discography
Discography with Tammy Wynette
Awards
[show]
v
t
e
Brenda Lee
Albums
Grandma, What Great Songs You Sang!
Brenda Lee
This Is...Brenda
Emotions
All the Way
Sincerely, Brenda Lee
Brenda, That's All
All Alone Am I
..."Let Me Sing"
Gospel Duets with Treasured Friends
Other albums
The Winning Hand
Singles
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
"One Step at a Time"
"Let's Jump the Broomstick"
"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
"Sweet Nothin's"
"That's All You Gotta Do"
"I'm Sorry"
"I Want to Be Wanted"
"Emotions"
"You Can Depend on Me"
"Dum Dum"
"Fool #1
"Break It to Me Gently"
"Speak to Me Pretty"
"Everybody Loves Me But You"
"Here Comes That Feeling"
"Heart in Hand"
"It Started All Over Again"
"All Alone Am I"
"Your Used to Be"
"She'll Never Know"
"Losing You"
"I Wonder"
"My Whole World Is Falling Down"
"The Grass Is Greener"
"As Usual"
"Think"
"Alone with You"
"When You Loved Me"
"Truly, Truly True"
"Is It True"
"Jingle Bell Rock"
"Too Many Rivers"
"Rusty Bells"
"Coming on Strong"
"Johnny One Time"
"Let It Be Me"
"Always on My Mind"
"Sunday Sunrise"
"Wrong Ideas"
"Big Four Poster Bed"
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Liberal arts education
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Liberal arts" redirects here. For the corporation, see Liberal Arts, Inc. For the 2012 film, see Liberal Arts (film).
Philosophia et septem artes liberales, The seven liberal arts – Picture from the Hortus deliciarum of Herrad of Landsberg (12th century)
Liberal arts education (Latin: liberalis, free and ars, art or principled practice) can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history. It has its origin in the attempt to discover first principles – 'those universal principles which are the condition of the possibility of the existence of anything and everything'.[1] The liberal arts are those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person (Latin: liberalis, "worthy of a free person")[2] to know in order to take an active part in civic life, something that (for Ancient Greece) included participating in public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and most importantly, military service. Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts (the Trivium), while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a (somewhat lesser) part in education (as the Quadrivium).[3]
Liberal arts education can refer to academic subjects such as literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences,[4] or it can also refer to overall studies in a liberal arts degree program. For both interpretations, the term generally refers to matters not relating to the professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Modern usage
3 Secondary school
4 In the United States
5 In Europe
6 In Asia
7 In Australia
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
History[edit]
Page from Marriage of Mercury and Philology
Rooted in the basic curriculum – the enkuklios paideia or "education in a circle" – of late Classical and Hellenistic Greece, the "liberal arts" or "liberal pursuits" (Latin liberalia studia) were already so called in formal education during the Roman Empire. The first recorded use of the term "liberal arts" (artes liberales) occurs in De Inventione by Marcus Tullius Cicero, but it is unclear if he created the term.[5][6] Seneca the Younger discusses liberal arts in education from a critical Stoic point of view in Moral Epistle 88.[7] The exact classification of the liberal arts varied however in Roman times,[8] and it was only after Martianus Capella in the 5th century AD influentially brought the seven liberal arts as bridesmaids to the Marriage of Mercury and Philology,[9] that they took on canonical form.
The four 'scientific' artes – music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy (or astrology) – were known from the time of Boethius onwards as the Quadrivium. After the 9th century, the remaining three arts of the 'humanities' – grammar, logic, and rhetoric – were classed as well, as the Trivium.[8] It was in that two-fold form that the seven liberal arts were studied in the medieval Western university.[10][11] During the Middle Ages, logic gradually came to take predominance over the other parts of the Trivium.[12]
In the Renaissance, the Italian humanists and their Northern counterparts, despite in many respects continuing the traditions of the Middle Ages, reversed that process.[13] Re-christening the old Trivium with a new and more ambitious name: Studia humanitatis, and also increasing its scope, they downplayed logic as opposed to the traditional Latin grammar and rhetoric, and added to them history, Greek, and moral philosophy (ethics), with a new emphasis on poetry as well.[14] The educational curriculum of humanism spread throughout Europe during the sixteenth century and became the educational foundation for the schooling of European elites, the functionaries of political administration, the clergy of the various legally recognized churches, and the learned professions of law and medicine.[15] The ideal of a liberal arts, or humanistic education grounded in classical languages and literature, persisted until the middle of the twentieth century.[16]
Modern usage[edit]
Some subsections of the liberal arts are in the trivium—the verbal arts: grammar, logic, and rhetoric; and in the quadrivium—the numerical arts: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. Analyzing and interpreting information is also included.
Academic areas that are associated with the term liberal arts include:
Arts (fine arts, music, performing arts, literature)
Mathematics
Natural science (biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, earth science)
Philosophy
Religious studies
Social science (anthropology, economics, geography, history, jurisprudence, linguistics, political science, psychology, sociology)
For example, the core courses for Georgetown University's Doctor of Liberal Studies program[17] cover philosophy, theology, history, art, literature, and the social sciences. Wesleyan University's Master of Arts in Liberal Studies program includes courses in visual arts, art history, creative and professional writing, literature, history, mathematics, film, government, education, biology, psychology, and astronomy.[18]
Secondary school[edit]
The liberal arts education at the secondary school level prepares the student for higher education at a university. They are thus meant for the more academically minded students. In addition to the usual curriculum, students of a liberal arts education often study Latin and Ancient Greek.
Some liberal arts education provide general education, others have a specific focus. (This also differs from country to country.) The four traditional branches are:
humanities education (specializing in classical languages, such as Latin and Greek)
modern languages (students are required to study at least three languages)
mathematical-scientific education
economical and social-scientific education (students are required to study economics, world history, social studies and business informatics)
Curricula differ from school to school, but generally include language, mathematics, informatics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, art (as well as crafts and design), music, history, philosophy, civics / citizenship,[19] social sciences, and several foreign languages.
Schools concentrate not only on academic subjects, but on producing well-rounded individuals, so physical education and religion or ethics are compulsory, even in non-denominational schools which are prevalent. For example, the German constitution guarantees the separation of church and state, so although religion or ethics classes are compulsory, students may choose to study a specific religion or none at all.
Today, a number of other areas of specialization exist, such as gymnasiums specializing in economics, technology or domestic sciences. In some countries, there is a notion of progymnasium, which is equivalent to beginning classes of the full gymnasium, with the rights to continue education in a gymnasium. Here, the prefix "pro" is equivalent to "pre".
In the United States[edit]
Main article: Liberal arts college
Further information: Liberal arts colleges in the United States and Great books
In the United States, liberal arts colleges are schools emphasizing undergraduate study in the liberal arts.[20] The teaching at liberal arts colleges is often Socratic, typically with small classes, and often has a lower student-to-teacher ratio than at large universities; professors teaching classes are often allowed to concentrate more on their teaching responsibilities than primary research professors or graduate student teaching assistants in universities.[citation needed]
In addition, most four-year colleges that are not devoted exclusively or primarily to liberal arts degrees also offer those degrees, and students not majoring in liberal arts take courses to satisfy distribution requirements in liberal arts.
Traditionally, a bachelor's degree either in liberal arts in general or in one particular area within liberal arts, with substantial study outside that main area, is earned over four years of full-time study. However, some universities such as Saint Leo University,[21] Pennsylvania State University,[22] Florida Institute of Technology[23] and New England College[24] have begun to offer an associate degree in liberal arts. Colleges like New Saint Andrews College in Moscow, Idaho, offer a unique program with only one degree offering, a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Studies, and colleges like the University of Oklahoma College of Liberal Studies offers an online, part-time option for adult and nontraditional students.
Most students earn either a Bachelor of Arts degree or a Bachelor of Science[25] degree; on completing undergraduate study, students might progress to either a liberal arts graduate school or a professional school (public administration, engineering, business, law, medicine, theology).
In Europe[edit]
In most parts of Europe, liberal arts education is deeply rooted. In Germany, Austria and countries influenced by their education system, e.g. it is called "humanistische Bildung" (humanistic education). The term is not to be mixed up with some modern educational concepts that use a similar wording. Educational institutions that see themselves in that tradition are often a "Gymnasium" (high school, grammar school). They aim at providing their pupils with comprehensive education (Bildung) in order to form personality with regard to a pupil's own humanity as well as his/her innate intellectual skills.[citation needed] Going back to the long tradition of the liberal arts in Europe, education in the above sense was freed from scholastic thinking and re-shaped by the theorists of enlightenment. In particular, Wilhelm von Humboldt played a key role in that regard. Since students are considered to have received a comprehensive liberal arts education at grammar schools, very often, the role of liberal arts education in undergraduate education at universities is reduced compared to the US educational system.[citation needed] Students are expected to use their skills received at the grammar school in order to further develop their personality in their own responsibility, e.g. in universities' music clubs, theatre groups, language clubs etc. Universities encourage students to do so and offer respective opportunities but do not make such activities part of the university's curriculum.[citation needed]
Thus, on the level of higher education, despite the European origin of the liberal arts college,[26] the term liberal arts college usually denotes liberal arts colleges in the United States.[citation needed] With the exception of pioneering institutions such as Franklin University Switzerland (formerly known as Franklin College), established as a Europe-based, US-style liberal arts college in 1969,[27] only recently some efforts have been undertaken to systematically "re-import" liberal arts education to continental Europe, as with Leiden University College The Hague, University College Utrecht, University College Maastricht, Amsterdam University College, Roosevelt Academy (now University College Roosevelt), ATLAS University College, Erasmus University College, University College Groningen, Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts, and Bard College Berlin, formerly known as the European College of Liberal Arts. As well as the colleges listed above, some universities in the Netherlands offer bachelors programs in Liberal Arts and Sciences (Tilburg University). Liberal arts (as a degree program) is just beginning to establish itself in Europe. For example, University College Dublin offers the degree, as does St. Marys University College Belfast, both institutions coincidentally on the island of Ireland. In the Netherlands, universities have opened constituent liberal arts colleges under the terminology university college since the late 1990s. The four-year bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts and Sciences at University College Freiburg is the first of its kind in Germany. It started in October 2012 with 78 students.[28] The first Liberal Arts degree program in Sweden was established at Gothenburg University in 2011,[29] followed by a Liberal Arts Bachelor Programme at Uppsala University's Campus Gotland in the autumn of 2013.[30] The first Liberal Arts program in Georgia was introduced in 2005 by American-Georgian Initiative for Liberal Education (AGILE),[31] an NGO. In collaboration with AGILE, Ilia State University[32] became the first higher education institution in Georgia to establish a liberal arts program.[33]
In France, Chavagnes Studium, a Liberal Arts Study Centre in partnership with the Institut Catholique d'études supérieures, and based in a former Catholic seminary, is launching a two-year intensive BA in the Liberal Arts, with a distinctively Catholic outlook.[34] It has been suggested that the liberal arts degree may become part of mainstream education provision in the United Kingdom, Ireland and other European countries. In 1999, the European College of Liberal Arts (now Bard College Berlin) was founded in Berlin[35] and in 2009 it introduced a four-year Bachelor of Arts program in Value Studies taught in English,[36] leading to an interdisciplinary degree in the humanities.
In England, the first institution[37] to retrieve and update a liberal arts education at undergraduate level was The University of Winchester with their BA (Hons) Modern Liberal Arts programme which launched in 2010.[37] In 2012, University College London began its interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences BASc degree (which has kinship with the liberal arts model) with 80 students.[38] King's College London launched the BA Liberal Arts, which has a slant towards arts, humanities and social sciences subjects.[39] The New College of the Humanities also launched a new liberal education programme. The University of Nottingham has a Liberal Arts BA that provides an interdisciplinary approach, study abroad options and links with its Natural Sciences degrees.[40] In 2016, the University of Warwick launched a three/four-year liberal arts BA degree, which focuses on transdisciplinary approaches and Problem-based learning techniques in addition to providing structured disciplinary pathways.[41] And for 2017 entry UCAS lists 20 providers of liberal arts programmes.[42]
In Scotland, the four-year undergraduate Honours degree, specifically the Master of Arts, has historically demonstrated considerable breadth in focus. In the first two years of Scottish MA and BA degrees students typically study a number of different subjects before specialising in their Honours years (third and fourth year). The University of Dundee and the University of Glasgow (at its Crichton Campus) are the only Scottish universities that currently offer a specifically named 'Liberal Arts' degree.
In Asia[edit]
The Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines mandates a General Education curriculum required of all higher education institutions; it includes a number of liberal arts subjects, including history, art appreciation, and ethics, plus interdisciplinary electives. Many universities have much more robust liberal arts core curricula; most notably, the Jesuit universities such as Ateneo de Manila University have a strong liberal arts core curriculum that includes philosophy, theology, literature, history, and the social sciences. Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) is a liberal arts education institution in Lahore, Pakistan. It is one of the oldest institutions in Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. It is a chartered university recognized by Higher Education Commission Pakistan. Habib University in Karachi, Pakistan offers a holistic liberal arts and sciences experience to its students through its uniquely tailored liberal core program which is compulsory for all undergraduate degree students.[43][44] The Underwood International College of Yonsei University, Korea, has compulsory liberal arts course for all the student body. Symbiosis & FLAME University in Pune, Ahmedabad University, Ashoka University, Lingnan University and University of Liberal Arts- Bangladesh (ULAB) are also a few such liberal arts colleges in Asia. International Christian University in Tokyo is the first and one of the very few liberal arts universities in Japan.
In Australia[edit]
Main article: Campion College
Campion College is a Roman Catholic dedicated liberal arts college, located in the western suburbs of Sydney. Founded in 2006, it is the first tertiary educational liberal arts college of its type in Australia. Campion offers a Bachelor of Arts in the Liberal Arts as its sole undergraduate degree. The key disciplines studied are history, literature, philosophy, and theology.
See also[edit]
Education portal
Artes Mechanicae – "The Mechanical Arts"
Bachelor of General Studies
Bachelor of Liberal Arts
Bachelor of Liberal Studies
College of Arts and Sciences
Doctor of Liberal Studies
Education reform § Reforms of classical education
Four Arts
Great books
Great Books programs in Canada
Humanitas
Liberal arts college
Liberal education
List of liberal arts colleges
Transcendentalism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Nigel., Tubbs,. Philosophy and modern liberal arts education : freedom is to learn. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. ISBN 9781137358912. OCLC 882530818.
Jump up ^ Ernst Robert Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages [1948], trans. Willard R. Trask (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973), p. 37. The classical sources include Cicero, De Oratore, I.72–73, III.127, and De re publica, I.30.
Jump up ^ E. B. Castle, Ancient Education and Today (1969) p. 59
Jump up ^ "Oxford Dictionary". The Oxford Dictionary.
Jump up ^ Kimball, Bruce. Orators and Philosophers. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1995. p. 13
Jump up ^ Cicero. De Inventione. Book 1, Section 35
Jump up ^ Ben Schneider. "Seneca Epistle 88". Stoics.com. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b H. Lausberg, Handbook of Literary Rhetoric (1998) p. 10
Jump up ^ Helen Waddell, The Wandering Scholars (1968) p. 25
Jump up ^ "James Burke: The Day the Universe Changed In the Light Of the Above".
Jump up ^ Wagner, David Leslie (1983). The Seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253351852. Retrieved 5 January 2013. at Questia [1]
Jump up ^ Helen Waddell, The Wandering Scholars (1968) pp. 141–3
Jump up ^ G. Norton ed., The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism Vol 3 (1999)p. 46 and pp. 601–4
Jump up ^ Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 178.
Jump up ^ Charles G. Nauert, Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe (New Approaches to European History) (Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 172–173.
Jump up ^ Bod, Rens; A New History of the Humanities, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.
Jump up ^ Georgetown University Doctor of Liberal Studies curriculum http://scs.georgetown.edu/departments/6/doctor-of-liberal-studies/about-the-program/curriculum#curriculum
Jump up ^ http://www.wesleyan.edu/masters/index.html
Jump up ^ this subject has different names in the different states of Germany. See de:Gemeinschaftskunde
Jump up ^ "Defining Liberal Arts Education" (PDF). Wabash College. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Online Liberal Arts Associate Degree". Saint Leo University. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Online Associate in Arts in Letters, Arts, and Sciences | Overview". Penn State University. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Associate's Degree in Liberal Arts – Liberal Arts Degree Online". Florida Institute of Technology. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Associates in Liberal Studies". New England College.
Jump up ^ For example, Georgia Institute of Technology's bachelor of science degree in Applied Languages and Intercultural Studies http://www.modlangs.gatech.edu
Jump up ^ Harriman, Philip L. (1935). "Antecedents of the Liberal-Arts College". The Journal of Higher Education. Ohio State University Press. 6 (2): 63–71. doi:10.2307/1975506. ISSN 1538-4640. JSTOR 1975506 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Jump up ^ "About Franklin". Franklin University Switzerland Official Web Site. Franklin University Switzerland. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Jump up ^ "Liberal Arts and Sciences Program (LAS)". University College Freiburg. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Liberal Arts, Gothenburg University". Flov.gu.se. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Liberal Arts Programme at Uppsala University"
Jump up ^ "Agile". Agile.ge. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "ილიაუნი -მთავარი". Iliauni.edu.ge. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bachelor Degree". Iliauni. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.chavagnes.org/studium
Jump up ^ "Berlin's sturdiest ivory tower". Expatica.com. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "GERMANY: New approach to liberal studies". Universityworldnews.com. 15 March 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "It's the breadth that matters". 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
Jump up ^ "Arts and Sciences (BASc) programmes". University College London. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "KCL – About Liberal Arts". Retrieved 15 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Liberal Arts programme – BA Hons Y002 – The University of Nottingham". www.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
Jump up ^ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/la99/
Jump up ^ "UCAS Search tool – Venue Results". search.ucas.com. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
Jump up ^ http://www.newslinemagazine.com/2014/12/liberal-classes/
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-24.
Further reading[edit]
Barzun, Jacques. The House of Intellect, Reprint Harper Perennial, 2002.
Blaich, Charles, Anne Bost, Ed Chan, and Richard Lynch. "Defining Liberal Arts Education." Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts, 2004.
Blanshard, Brand. The Uses of a Liberal Education: And Other Talks to Students. (Open Court, 1973. ISBN 0-8126-9429-5)
Friedlander, Jack. Measuring the Benefits of Liberal Arts Education in Washington's Community Colleges. Los Angeles: Center for the Study of Community Colleges, 1982a. (ED 217 918)
Grafton Anthony and Lisa Jardine. From Humanism to the Humanities: The Institutionalizing of the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-century Europe, Harvard University Press, 1987.
Guitton, Jean. A Student's Guide to Intellectual Work, The University of Notre Dame Press, 1964.
Highet, Gilbert. The Art of Teaching, Vintage Books, 1950.
Joseph, Sister Miriam. The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric. Paul Dry Books Inc, 2002.
Kimball, Bruce A. The Liberal Arts Tradition: A Documentary History. University Press Of America, 2010.
Kimball, Bruce A. Orators and Philosophers: A History of the Idea of Liberal Education. College Board, 1995.
T. Kaori Kitao; William R. Kenan, Jr. (27 March 1999). The Usefulness Of Uselessness (PDF). Keynote Address, The 1999 Institute for the Academic Advancement of Youth's Odyssey at Swarthmore College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2008.
McGrath, Charles. "What Every Student Should Know", New York Times, 8 January 2006.
Parker, H. "The Seven Liberal Arts," The English Historical Review, Vol. V, 1890.
Pfnister, Allan O. (1984). "The Role of the Liberal Arts College: A Historical Overview of the Debates". The Journal of Higher Education. Ohio State University Press. 55 (2): 145–70. doi:10.2307/1981183. ISSN 1538-4640. JSTOR 1981183 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Reeves, Floyd W. (1930). "The Liberal-Arts College". The Journal of Higher Education. Ohio State University Press. 1 (7): 373–80. doi:10.2307/1974170. ISSN 1538-4640. JSTOR 1974170 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Saint-Victor, Hugh of. The Didascalicon, Columbia University Press, 1961.
Schall, James V. Another Sort of Learning, Ignatius Press, 1988.
Seidel, George J. (1968). "Saving the Small College". The Journal of Higher Education. Ohio State University Press. 39 (6): 339–42. doi:10.2307/1979916. ISSN 1538-4640. JSTOR 1979916 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Sertillanges, A. G. The Intellectual Life, The Catholic University of America Press, 1998.
Tubbs, N. (2011) "Know Thyself: Macrocosm and Microcosm" in Studies in Philosophy and Education Volume 30 no.1
David L. Wagner, The Seven Liberal Arts in Middle Ages, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.
Winterer, Caroline. The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780–1910. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
Wriston, Henry M. The Nature of a Liberal College. Lawrence University Press, 1937.
Zakaria, Fareed. In Defense of a Liberal Education. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Liberal education
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberal arts.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seven liberal arts.
"Arts, Liberal". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. Definition and short history of the Seven Liberal Arts from 1905.
Fr. Herve de la Tour, "The Seven Liberal Arts", Edocere, a Resource for Catholic Education, February 2002. Thomas Aquinas's definition of and justification for a liberal arts education.
Otto Willmann. "The Seven Liberal Arts". In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Retrieved 13 August 2012. "[Renaissance] Humanists, over-fond of change, unjustly condemned the system of the seven liberal arts as barbarous. It is no more barbarous than the Gothic style, a name intended to be a reproach. The Gothic, built up on the conception of the old basilica, ancient in origin, yet Christian in character, was misjudged by the Renaissance on account of some excrescences, and obscured by the additions engrafted upon it by modern lack of taste . . . . That the achievements of our forefathers should be understood, recognized, and adapted to our own needs, is surely to be desired."
"The Aim of Liberal Education", Andrew Chrucky, 1 September 2003. "The content of a liberal education should be moral problems as provided by history, anthropology, sociology, economics, and politics. And these should be discussed along with a reflection on the nature of morality and the nature of discussions, i.e., through a study of rhetoric and logic. Since discussion takes place in language, an effort should be made to develop a facility with language."
Philosophy of Liberal Education A bibliography, compiled by Andrew Chrucky, with links to essays offering different points of view on the meaning of a liberal education.
Mark Peltz, "The Liberal Arts and Leadership", College News (The Annapolis Group), 14 May 2012. A defense of liberal education by the Associate Dean of Grinnell College (first appeared in Inside Higher Ed).
"Liberal Arts at the Community College", an ERIC Fact Sheet. ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges Los Angeles CA.
"A Descriptive Analysis of the Community College Liberal Arts Curriculum". ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges Los Angeles CA
The Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts. Website about The Wabash Study (for improving liberal education). Sponsored by the Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts at Wabash College (Indiana), the Wabash Study began in the fall of 2010 – scheduled to end in 2013. Participants include 29 prominent colleges and universities.
Academic Commons. An online platform in support of the liberal education community. It is a forum for sharing practices, outcomes, and lessons learned of online learning. Formerly sponsored by the Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts, The Academic Commons is hosted by the National Institute for Technology in Liberal Education ("NITLE".).
The Liberal Arts Advantage – for Business. Website dedicated to "Bridging the gap between business and the liberal arts". "A liberal arts education is aimed at developing the ability to think, reason, analyze, decide, discern, and evaluate. That's in contrast to a professional or technical education (business, engineering, computer science, etc.) which develops specific abilities aimed at preparing students for vocations."
Video explanation by Professor Nigel Tubbs of liberal arts curriculum and degree requirements of Winchester University, UK.. "Liberal arts education (Latin: liberalis, free, and ars, art or principled practice) involves us in thinking philosophically across many subject boundaries in the humanities, the social and natural sciences, and fine arts. The degree combines compulsory modules covering art, religion, literature, science and the history of ideas with a wide range of optional modules. This enables students to have flexibility and control over their programme of study and the content of their assessments."
Trivium Education. A website featuring online lectures in the liberal arts.
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