text:
Observational study
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator.[1][2] This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group.
Contents
[hide]
1 Motivation
2 Types
3 Degree of usefulness and reliability
4 Bias and compensating methods
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
Motivation[edit]
The independent variable may be beyond the control of the investigator for a variety of reasons:
A randomized experiment would violate ethical standards. Suppose one wanted to investigate the abortion – breast cancer hypothesis, which postulates a causal link between induced abortion and the incidence of breast cancer. In a hypothetical controlled experiment, one would start with a large subject pool of pregnant women and divide them randomly into a treatment group (receiving induced abortions) and a control group (not receiving abortions), and then conduct regular cancer screenings for women from both groups. Needless to say, such an experiment would run counter to common ethical principles. (It would also suffer from various confounds and sources of bias, e.g. it would be impossible to conduct it as a blind experiment.) The published studies investigating the abortion–breast cancer hypothesis generally start with a group of women who already have received abortions. Membership in this "treated" group is not controlled by the investigator: the group is formed after the "treatment" has been assigned.[citation needed]
The investigator may simply lack the requisite influence. Suppose a scientist wants to study the public health effects of a community-wide ban on smoking in public indoor areas. In a controlled experiment, the investigator would randomly pick a set of communities to be in the treatment group. However, it is typically up to each community and/or its legislature to enact a smoking ban. The investigator can be expected to lack the political power to cause precisely those communities in the randomly selected treatment group to pass a smoking ban. In an observational study, the investigator would typically start with a treatment group consisting of those communities where a smoking ban is already in effect.[citation needed]
A randomized experiment may be impractical. Suppose a researcher wants to study the suspected link between a certain medication and a very rare group of symptoms arising as a side effect. Setting aside any ethical considerations, a randomized experiment would be impractical because of the rarity of the effect. There may not be a subject pool large enough for the symptoms to be observed in at least one treated subject. An observational study would typically start with a group of symptomatic subjects and work backwards to find those who were given the medication and later developed the symptoms. Thus a subset of the treated group was determined based on the presence of symptoms, instead of by random assignment.[citation needed]
Types[edit]
Case-control study: study originally developed in epidemiology, in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute.
Cross-sectional study: involves data collection from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time.
Longitudinal study: correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time.
Cohort study or Panel study: a particular form of longitudinal study where a group of patients is closely monitored over a span of time.
Degree of usefulness and reliability[edit]
Although observational studies cannot be used to make definitive statements of fact about the "safety, efficacy, or effectiveness" of a practice,[3] they can still be of use for some other things:
"[T]hey can: 1) provide information on “real world” use and practice; 2) detect signals about the benefits and risks of...[the] use [of practices] in the general population; 3) help formulate hypotheses to be tested in subsequent experiments; 4) provide part of the community-level data needed to design more informative pragmatic clinical trials; and 5) inform clinical practice."[3]
Bias and compensating methods[edit]
In all of those cases, if a randomized experiment cannot be carried out, the alternative line of investigation suffers from the problem that the decision of which subjects receive the treatment is not entirely random and thus is a potential source of bias. A major challenge in conducting observational studies is to draw inferences that are acceptably free from influences by overt biases, as well as to assess the influence of potential hidden biases.
An observer of an uncontrolled experiment (or process) records potential factors and the data output: the goal is to determine the effects of the factors. Sometimes the recorded factors may not be directly causing the differences in the output. There may be more important factors which were not recorded but are, in fact, causal. Also, recorded or unrecorded factors may be correlated which may yield incorrect conclusions. Finally, as the number of recorded factors increases, the likelihood increases that at least one of the recorded factors will be highly correlated with the data output simply by chance.
In lieu of experimental control, multivariate statistical techniques allow the approximation of experimental control with statistical control, which accounts for the influences of observed factors that might influence a cause-and-effect relationship. In healthcare and the social sciences, investigators may use matching to compare units that nonrandomly received the treatment and control. One common approach is to use propensity score matching in order to reduce confounding.[4]
A report from the Cochrane Collaboration in 2014 came to the conclusion that observational studies are very similar in results reported by similarly conducted randomized controlled trials. In other words, it reported little evidence for significant effect estimate differences between observational studies and randomized controlled trials, regardless of specific observational study design, heterogeneity, or inclusion of studies of pharmacological interventions. It, therefore, recommended that factors other than study design per se need to be considered when exploring reasons for a lack of agreement between results of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.[5]
In 2007, several prominent medical researchers issued the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement, in which they called for observational studies to conform to 22 criteria that would make their conclusions easier to understand and generalise.[6]
See also[edit]
Correlation does not imply causation
Natural experiment
Regression discontinuity
Difference-in-differences
Instrumental variable
Scientific method
Quantitative research
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Observational study". Retrieved 2008-06-25.
Jump up ^ Porta, M., ed. (2008). A Dictionary of Epidemiology (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195314496.
^ Jump up to: a b "Although observational studies cannot provide definitive evidence of safety, efficacy, or effectiveness, they can: 1) provide information on "real world" use and practice; 2) detect signals about the benefits and risks of complementary therapies use in the general population; 3) help formulate hypotheses to be tested in subsequent experiments; 4) provide part of the community-level data needed to design more informative pragmatic clinical trials; and 5) inform clinical practice." "Observational Studies and Secondary Data Analyses To Assess Outcomes in Complementary and Integrative Health Care." Richard Nahin, Ph.D., M.P.H., Senior Advisor for Scientific Coordination and Outreach, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, June 25, 2012
Jump up ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. 2009. Design of Observational Studies. New York: Springer.
Jump up ^ Anglemyer, Andrew; Horvath, Hacsi T; Bero, Lisa; Bero, Lisa (2014). "Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4: MR000034. doi:10.1002/14651858.MR000034.pub2. PMID 24782322.
Jump up ^ von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2007). "The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies". PLoS Med. 4 (10): e296. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296. PMC 2020495  . PMID 17941714. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Further reading[edit]
Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2002). Observational Studies (2nd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0387989676.
"NIST/SEMATECH Handbook on Engineering Statistics" at NIST
[hide]
v
t
e
Statistics
Outline
Index
[show]
Descriptive statistics
Continuous data
Center
Mean
arithmetic
geometric
harmonic
Median
Mode
Dispersion
Variance
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
Percentile
Range
Interquartile range
Shape
Central limit theorem
Moments
Skewness
Kurtosis
L-moments
Count data
Index of dispersion
Summary tables
Grouped data
Frequency distribution
Contingency table
Dependence
Pearson product-moment correlation
Rank correlation
Spearman's rho
Kendall's tau
Partial correlation
Scatter plot
Graphics
Bar chart
Biplot
Box plot
Control chart
Correlogram
Fan chart
Forest plot
Histogram
Pie chart
Q–Q plot
Run chart
Scatter plot
Stem-and-leaf display
Radar chart
[hide]
Data collection
Study design
Population
Statistic
Effect size
Statistical power
Sample size determination
Missing data
Survey methodology
Sampling
stratified
cluster
Standard error
Opinion poll
Questionnaire
Controlled experiments
Design
control
optimal
Controlled trial
Randomized
Random assignment
Replication
Blocking
Interaction
Factorial experiment
Uncontrolled studies
Observational study
Natural experiment
Quasi-experiment
[show]
Statistical inference
Statistical theory
Population
Statistic
Probability distribution
Sampling distribution
Order statistic
Empirical distribution
Density estimation
Statistical model
Lp space
Parameter
location
scale
shape
Parametric family
Likelihood (monotone)
Location–scale family
Exponential family
Completeness
Sufficiency
Statistical functional
Bootstrap
U
V
Optimal decision
loss function
Efficiency
Statistical distance
divergence
Asymptotics
Robustness
Frequentist inference
Point estimation
Estimating equations
Maximum likelihood
Method of moments
M-estimator
Minimum distance
Unbiased estimators
Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
Rao–Blackwellization
Lehmann–Scheffé theorem
Median unbiased
Plug-in
Interval estimation
Confidence interval
Pivot
Likelihood interval
Prediction interval
Tolerance interval
Resampling
Bootstrap
Jackknife
Testing hypotheses
1- & 2-tails
Power
Uniformly most powerful test
Permutation test
Randomization test
Multiple comparisons
Parametric tests
Likelihood-ratio
Wald
Score
Specific tests
Z-test (normal)
Student's t-test
F-test
Goodness of fit
Chi-squared
G-test
Kolmogorov–Smirnov
Anderson–Darling
Lilliefors
Jarque–Bera
Normality (Shapiro–Wilk)
Likelihood-ratio test
Model selection
Cross validation
AIC
BIC
Rank statistics
Sign
Sample median
Signed rank (Wilcoxon)
Hodges–Lehmann estimator
Rank sum (Mann–Whitney)
Nonparametric anova
1-way (Kruskal–Wallis)
2-way (Friedman)
Ordered alternative (Jonckheere–Terpstra)
Bayesian inference
Bayesian probability
prior
posterior
Credible interval
Bayes factor
Bayesian estimator
Maximum posterior estimator
[show]
Correlation
Regression analysis
Correlation
Pearson product-moment
Partial correlation
Confounding variable
Coefficient of determination
Regression analysis
Errors and residuals
Regression model validation
Mixed effects models
Simultaneous equations models
Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
Linear regression
Simple linear regression
Ordinary least squares
General linear model
Bayesian regression
Non-standard predictors
Nonlinear regression
Nonparametric
Semiparametric
Isotonic
Robust
Heteroscedasticity
Homoscedasticity
Generalized linear model
Exponential families
Logistic (Bernoulli) / Binomial / Poisson regressions
Partition of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
Analysis of covariance
Multivariate ANOVA
Degrees of freedom
[show]
Categorical / Multivariate / Time-series / Survival analysis
Categorical
Cohen's kappa
Contingency table
Graphical model
Log-linear model
McNemar's test
Multivariate
Regression
Manova
Principal components
Canonical correlation
Discriminant analysis
Cluster analysis
Classification
Structural equation model
Factor analysis
Multivariate distributions
Elliptical distributions
Normal
Time-series
General
Decomposition
Trend
Stationarity
Seasonal adjustment
Exponential smoothing
Cointegration
Structural break
Granger causality
Specific tests
Dickey–Fuller
Johansen
Q-statistic (Ljung–Box)
Durbin–Watson
Breusch–Godfrey
Time domain
Autocorrelation (ACF)
partial (PACF)
Cross-correlation (XCF)
ARMA model
ARIMA model (Box–Jenkins)
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
Vector autoregression (VAR)
Frequency domain
Spectral density estimation
Fourier analysis
Wavelet
Whittle likelihood
Survival
Survival function
Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit)
Proportional hazards models
Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
First hitting time
Hazard function
Nelson–Aalen estimator
Test
Log-rank test
[show]
Applications
Biostatistics
Bioinformatics
Clinical trials / studies
Epidemiology
Medical statistics
Engineering statistics
Chemometrics
Methods engineering
Probabilistic design
Process / quality control
Reliability
System identification
Social statistics
Actuarial science
Census
Crime statistics
Demography
Econometrics
National accounts
Official statistics
Population statistics
Psychometrics
Spatial statistics
Cartography
Environmental statistics
Geographic information system
Geostatistics
Kriging
Category
Portal
Commons
WikiProject
[show]
v
t
e
Clinical research and experimental design
Overview
Clinical trial
Trial protocols
Adaptive clinical trial
Academic clinical trials
Clinical study design
Controlled study
(EBM I to II-1; A to B)
Randomized controlled trial
Scientific experiment
Blind experiment
Open-label trial
Observational study
(EBM II-2 to II-3; B to C)
Cross-sectional study vs. Longitudinal study, Ecological study
Cohort study
Retrospective
Prospective
Case-control study (Nested case-control study)
Case series
Case study
Case report
Epidemiology/
methods
occurrence: Incidence (Cumulative incidence)
Prevalence
Point
Period
association: absolute (Absolute risk reduction, Attributable risk, Attributable risk percent)
relative (Relative risk, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio)
other: Clinical endpoint
Virulence
Infectivity
Mortality rate
Morbidity
Case fatality rate
Specificity and sensitivity
Likelihood-ratios
Pre/post-test probability
Trial/test types
In vitro
In vivo
Animal testing
Animal testing on non-human primates
First-in-man study
Multicenter trial
Seeding trial
Vaccine trial
Analysis of clinical trials
Risk–benefit ratio
Systematic review
Replication
Meta-analysis
Intention-to-treat analysis
Interpretation of results
Selection bias
Survivorship bias
Correlation does not imply causation
Null result
Category
Glossary
List of topics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Observational_study&oldid=836735356"
Categories:
Statistical data types
Design of experiments
Observational study
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
हिन्दी
Lietuvių
Português
Русский
ไทย
中文
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 16 April 2018, at 15:17.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

value: b

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Control_group
mw-redirect
Control group

value: sup

values:
/wiki/Blind_experiment
mw-redirect
Blind experiment

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: Degree of usefulness and reliability

values: Edit section: Bias and compensating methods

values:
/wiki/Cochrane_Collaboration
mw-redirect
Cochrane Collaboration

values:
/wiki/Regression_discontinuity
mw-redirect
Regression discontinuity

values:
/wiki/Instrumental_variable
mw-redirect
Instrumental variable

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24782322

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.strobe-statement.org

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17941714

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: National Institute of Standards and Technology

values:
/wiki/Shape_of_the_distribution
mw-redirect
Shape of the distribution

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values:
/wiki/Population_(statistics)
mw-redirect
Population (statistics)

values:
/wiki/Statistical_power
mw-redirect
Statistical power

values: nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup

values:
/wiki/Maximum_likelihood
mw-redirect
Maximum likelihood

values:
/wiki/Median-unbiased_estimator
mw-redirect
Median-unbiased estimator

values:
/wiki/Likelihood_interval
mw-redirect
Likelihood interval

values:
/wiki/Permutation_test
mw-redirect
Permutation test

values:
/wiki/Randomization_test
mw-redirect
Randomization test

values:
/wiki/Multiple_comparisons
mw-redirect
Multiple comparisons

values:
/wiki/Rank_statistics
mw-redirect
Rank statistics

values:
/wiki/Sample_median
mw-redirect
Sample median

values: Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance

values:
CorrelationRegression_analysis
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
hlist hlist-separated

values: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

values:
/wiki/Regression_model_validation
mw-redirect
Regression model validation

values: Multivariate adaptive regression splines

values:
/wiki/Multivariate_distribution
mw-redirect
Multivariate distribution

values:
/wiki/Trend_estimation
mw-redirect
Trend estimation

values: List of fields of application of statistics

values:
/wiki/Population_statistics
mw-redirect
Population statistics

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Statistics padding:3px

values:
/wiki/Academic_clinical_trials
mw-redirect
Academic clinical trials

values:
/wiki/Epidemiological_methods
mw-redirect
Epidemiological methods

values:
/wiki/Point_prevalence
mw-redirect
Point prevalence

values:
/wiki/Period_prevalence
mw-redirect
Period prevalence

values:
/wiki/Association_(statistics)
mw-redirect
Association (statistics)

values:
/wiki/Specificity_and_sensitivity
mw-redirect
Specificity and sensitivity

values:
/wiki/First-in-man_study
mw-redirect
First-in-man study

values:
/wiki/List_of_clinical_research_topics
mw-redirect
List of clinical research topics

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Observational_study
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: دراسة بالملاحظة – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values: مطالعه مشاهده‌ای – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: प्रेक्षण विधि – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values: Обсервационное исследование – Russian

values: งานศึกษาแบบสังเกต – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Observational_study rootpage-Observational_study skin-vector action-view


text:
History (One Direction song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 219.90.106.56 (talk) at 14:46, 14 August 2017 (No context?). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.
Revision as of 14:46, 14 August 2017 by 219.90.106.56 (talk) (No context?)
(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search
"History"
Single by One Direction
from the album Made in the A.M.
Released
6 November 2015 (2015-11-06)
Format
CD
digital download
Length
3:15
Label
Syco
Sony
Songwriter(s)
Wayne Hector
John Ryan
Ed Drewett
Julian Bunetta
Liam Payne
Louis Tomlinson
Producer(s)
Julian Bunetta
John Ryan
One Direction singles chronology
"Perfect"
(2015) "History"
(2015)
"Perfect"
(2015) "History"
(2015)
"History" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It was released on 6 November 2015 as the third and final single from their fifth and final studio album, Made in the A.M. (2015), as well as the band's final single before their hiatus in January 2016. "History" peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Release
3 Music video
4 Charts and certifications
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
4.3 Certifications
5 References
Composition[edit]
"History" was written by members Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson, along with Wayne Hector, Ed Drewett and the band's regular collaborators Julian Bunetta and John Ryan. It is a jaunty acoustic singalong that closes the album's standard edition[2] and was composed in G-flat major with a tempo of 88 beats per minute and a time signature of 12
8.[3]
Release[edit]
The song was chosen as the third single from Made in the A.M. after the commercial success that followed the band’s performance on the finale of The X Factor UK. The song was released by Syco Music on 6 November 2015 and served as the band's last single before their hiatus.[4][5]
Music video[edit]
The music video was published on the band's Vevo channel on YouTube on 26 January 2016.[6] The video features clips of the band throughout the years, highlighting their tours and personal anecdotes (including clips with former member Zayn Malik). The video ends as the band walk off in separate directions. It was later confirmed that the band were originally supposed to run back together at the end of the music video. Ben Winston, who directed the video, also added "The ending wasn't supposed to look like they're just walking off in different directions, it was kind of like a 'see you in a bit, guys.'"[7] In 2017, the deleted clip was unveiled online.[8]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2015–16)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[9]
25
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[10]
17
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[11]
44
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[12]
13
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[13]
46
France (SNEP)[14]
54
Germany (Official German Charts)[15]
77
Ireland (IRMA)[16]
8
Italy (FIMI)[17]
7
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[18]
72
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[19]
14
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[20]
3
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[21]
31
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[22]
63
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[23]
52
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[24]
6
US Billboard Hot 100[25]
65
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[26]
33
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[27]
45
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[28]
Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[29]
Gold 40,000^
Italy (FIMI)[30]
Gold 25,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[31]
Platinum 15,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[32]
Platinum 600,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Steiner, Amanda Michelle (14 December 2015). "One Direction announce that 'History' will be third single from Made in the A.M.". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "One Direction Points the Way Forward on Swan Song (For Now) 'Made in the A.M.': Album Review". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
Jump up ^ Edward, Drewett. "One Direction "History" Sheet Music in G Major (transposable) - Download & Print". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
Jump up ^ "One Direction announce that 'History' will be third single from Made in the A.M.". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: History: One Direction: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.com.
Jump up ^ "One Direction Releases Nostalgic Video for 'History'". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
Jump up ^ "One Direction’s ‘History’ Video: The Directors Tell Us About The Ending That Got Cut". MTV News. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
Jump up ^ https://www.instagram.com/p/BQ_Cyt5l-Rl/
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – One Direction – History". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – One Direction – History" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – One Direction – History" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – One Direction – History" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "One Direction – Chart history" Canadian Hot 100 for One Direction. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – One Direction – History" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – One Direction – History". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 1, 2016". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – One Direction – History". Top Digital Download. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – One Direction – History" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – One Direction – History". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archive Chart: 20 January 2016". Scottish Singles Top 40. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – One Direction – History" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – One Direction – History". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – One Direction – History". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "January 2016/ Archive Chart: 20 January 2016" UK Singles Chart. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "One Direction – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for One Direction. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "One Direction – Chart history" Billboard Pop Songs for One Direction. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2016". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2016 Singles". Retrieved 30 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – One Direction – History". Music Canada. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – One Direction – History" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
[show]
v
t
e
One Direction
Niall Horan
Liam Payne
Harry Styles
Louis Tomlinson
Zayn Malik
Discography
Awards and nominations
Songs
Studio albums
and singles
Up All Night (2011)
"What Makes You Beautiful"
"Gotta Be You"
"One Thing"
"More than This"
Take Me Home (2012)
"Live While We're Young"
"Little Things"
"Kiss You"
Midnight Memories (2013)
"One Way or Another (Teenage Kicks)"
"Best Song Ever"
"Story of My Life"
"Midnight Memories"
"You & I"
Four (2014)
"Steal My Girl"
"Night Changes"
Made in the A.M. (2015)
"Drag Me Down"
"Perfect"
"History"
Extended plays
iTunes Festival: London 2012
Video albums
Up All Night: The Live Tour
Promotional singles
"Diana"
"Strong"
"Infinity"
"Home"
"What a Feeling"
Featured singles
"Heroes"
"Wishing on a Star"
"God Only Knows"
"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
Other songs
"Moments"
"Rock Me"
"Happily"
Concert tours
Up All Night Tour
Take Me Home Tour
Where We Are Tour
On the Road Again Tour
TV and film
This Is Us
Where We Are – The Concert Film
Merchandise
Our Moment
Related
The X Factor series 7 finalists
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_(One_Direction_song)&oldid=795483776"
Categories:
2015 songs
2015 singles
Songs written by Wayne Hector
Songs written by John Ryan (musician)
Songs written by Ed Drewett
Songs written by Liam Payne
Songs written by Harry Styles
Songs written by Julian Bunetta
Songs written by Louis Tomlinson
One Direction songs
Pop ballads
Hidden categories:
CS1 Italian-language sources (it)
Use dmy dates from March 2016
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Australia
Singlechart usages for Austria
Singlechart usages for Flanders
Singlechart usages for Wallonia Tip
Singlechart usages for Canada
Singlechart called without song
Singlechart usages for France
Singlechart usages for Germany2
Singlechart usages for Ireland
Singlechart called without artist
Singlechart usages for Italy
Singlechart usages for Dutch100
Singlechart usages for New Zealand
Singlechart usages for Scotland
Singlechart usages for Spain
Singlechart usages for Sweden
Singlechart usages for Switzerland
Singlechart usages for UK
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs
Certification Table Entry usages for Australia
Certification Table Entry usages for Canada
Certification Table Entry usages for Italy
Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand
Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
فارسی
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Português
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 August 2017, at 14:46.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

value: bdi

values: User talk:219.90.106.56 (page does not exist)

value: span

value: td

value: tr

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: id class role

values:
revision-info-current
plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system
presentation

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: One Direction - History (Official Single Cover).png

values:
/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Sony Music Entertainment

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;

values:
/wiki/The_X_Factor_UK
mw-redirect
The X Factor UK

values: Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique

values: wikitable sortable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: scope data-sort-type class tabindex role title

values:
col
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: Australian Recording Industry Association

values: Federation of the Italian Music Industry

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values:
/wiki/Canciones_Top_50
mw-redirect
Canciones Top 50

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
One_Direction
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: List of awards and nominations received by One Direction

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/Best_Song_Ever_(song)
mw-redirect
Best Song Ever (song)

values: ITunes Festival: London 2012 (One Direction EP)

values: One Direction: Where We Are – The Concert Film

values: List of The X Factor finalists (UK series 7)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Songs written by John Ryan (musician)

values: Category:Songs written by Julian Bunetta

values: Category:Songs written by Louis Tomlinson

values: Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Australia

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Flanders

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Wallonia Tip

values: Category:Singlechart called without song

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Germany2

values: Category:Singlechart called without artist

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Dutch100

values: Category:Singlechart usages for New Zealand

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Scotland

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Switzerland

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for Australia

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for Canada

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for Italy

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/History_(One_Direction_song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: تاریخچه (ترانه وان دایرکشن) – Persian

values: History (lagu One Direction) – Indonesian

values: History (canção de One Direction) – Portuguese

values: History (One Direction şarkısı) – Turkish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-History_One_Direction_song rootpage-History_One_Direction_song skin-vector action-view


text:
Southern Alps
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the New Zealand mountain range. For other uses, see Southern Alps (disambiguation).
Southern Alps
Kā Tiritiri-o-te-Moana (Māori)
Snow highlights the Southern Alps in this satellite image
Highest point
Peak
Aoraki / Mount Cook
Elevation
3,724 m (12,218 ft)
Coordinates
43°35′44.69″S 170°8′27.75″E / 43.5957472°S 170.1410417°E / -43.5957472; 170.1410417
Dimensions
Length
500 km (310 mi)
Geography
Location
South Island, New Zealand
Range coordinates
43°30′S 170°30′E / 43.500°S 170.500°E / -43.500; 170.500Coordinates: 43°30′S 170°30′E / 43.500°S 170.500°E / -43.500; 170.500
Southern Alps in winter
The Southern Alps (Māori: Kā Tiritiri-o-te-Moana)[1] is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the island's western side. The term "Southern Alps" generally refers to the entire range, although separate names are given to many of the smaller ranges that form part of it.
The range includes the South Island's Main Divide, which separates the water catchments of the more heavily populated eastern side of the island from those on the west coast.[2] Politically, the Main Divide forms the boundary between the Canterbury and West Coast Regions.
Contents
[hide]
1 Location and description
2 Geology
3 Flora
4 Fauna
5 Threats and preservation
6 Panoramic view
7 References
8 External links
Location and description[edit]
The Southern Alps run 500 km[3] north to south. Their tallest peak is Aoraki / Mount Cook, the highest point in New Zealand at 3,724 metres (12,218 ft) and there are sixteen other points in the range that exceed 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) in height. The mountains are cut through with glacial valleys and lakes. According to an inventory conducted in the late 1970s, the Southern Alps contained over 3,000 glaciers larger than hectare,[4] the longest of which – the Tasman Glacier – is 29 kilometres (18 mi) in length down towards Lake Pukaki.[5] A chain of glacial lakes are found on the eastern side of the ridge from Lake Coleridge in the north to Lake Wakatipu in Otago in the south.
Settlements include Maruia Springs, a spa near Lewis Pass, the town of Arthur's Pass.
The Southern Alps were named by Captain Cook on 23 March 1770, who described their "prodigious height".[6] They had previously been noted by Abel Tasman in 1642, whose description of the South Island's west coast is often translated as "a land uplifted high".[7]
The climate is cold with snow and ice year-round at the highest points.
Because of its orientation perpendicular to the prevailing westerly winds, the range creates excellent wave soaring conditions for glider pilots. The town of Omarama, in the lee of the mountains, has gained an international reputation for its gliding conditions. The prevailing westerlies also create a weather pattern known as the Nor'west arch, in which moist air is pushed up over the mountains, forming an arch of cloud in an otherwise blue sky. This weather pattern is frequently visible in summer across Canterbury and North Otago. The 'Nor'wester' is a foehn wind similar to the Chinook of Canada, where mountain ranges in the path of prevailing moisture laden winds force air upwards, thus cooling the air and condensing the moisture to rain, producing hot dry winds in the descending air lee of the mountains.
Geology[edit]
View of Mount Cook, the highest peak, from the Hooker Valley Track
View of the Southern Alps from road
The Southern Alps lie along a geological plate boundary, part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, with the Pacific Plate to the southeast pushing westward and colliding with the northward-moving Indo-Australian Plate to the northwest.[8] Over the last 45 million years, the collision has pushed up a 20 km thickness of rocks on the Pacific Plate to form the Alps, although much of this has been eroded away. Uplift has been most rapid during the last 5 million years, and the mountains continue to be raised today by tectonic pressure, causing earthquakes on the Alpine Fault and other nearby faults. Despite the substantial uplift, most of the relative motion along the Alpine Fault is transverse, not vertical.[9] However, significant dip-slip occurs on the plate boundary to the north and east of the North Island, in the Hikurangi Trench and Kermadec Trench. The transfer of motion from strike-slip on the Alpine Fault to dip-slip motion at these subduction zones to the north creates the Marlborough Fault System, which has resulted in significant uplift in the region.
In 2017 a large international team of scientists reported they had discovered beneath Whataroa, a small township on the Alpine Fault, "extreme" hydrothermal activity which "could be commercially very significant".[10][11]
Flora[edit]
The mountains are rich in flora with about 25% of the country's plant species being found above the treeline in alpine plant habitats and grassland with mountain beech forest at lower elevations (of the eastern side but not in Westland). The cold windswept slopes above the treeline are covered with areas of fellfield. To the east, the Alps descend to the high grasslands of Canterbury and Otago. Plants adapted to the alpine conditions include woody shrubs like Hebe, Dracophyllum, and Coprosma, the conifer snow totara (Podocarpus nivalis) and Carex sedge grasses.[12]
Fauna[edit]
Wildlife of the mountains includes the endemic rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris) and the kea, a large parrot that was once hunted as a pest. There are also a number of endemic insects adapted to these high altitudes especially flies, moths, beetles, and bees. The beech forests of the lower elevations are important habitat for two birds; the great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii) and the South Island kaka (Nestor meridionalis meridionalis).
Threats and preservation[edit]
The mountains are inaccessible and retain their natural vegetation. A large proportion of the range is well protected as part of various national parks, notably the Westland Tai Poutini National Park, Mount Aspiring National Park, and Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park or protected areas such as Lake Sumner Forest Park. Indigenous plant life is affected by introduced animals such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), and Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) all of which have at times been targeted for culling, while the birds and reptiles are vulnerable to introduced predators.
Panoramic view[edit]
Panoramic view of some of the Southern Alps in Winter from the summit of Hamilton Peak in the Craigieburn Range.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ROUTEBURN TRACK". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Beck, Alan Copland (2009) [1966]. "Topography". In McLintock, A.H. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
Jump up ^ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/mountains/page-1
Jump up ^ Chinn TJ (2001). "Distribution of the glacial water resources of New Zealand" (PDF). Journal of Hydrology. New Zealand. 40 (2): 139–187.
Jump up ^ Lambert M, ed. (1989). Air New Zealand Almanack. Wellington: New Zealand Press Association. p. 165.
Jump up ^ Reed, A. W. (1975). Place names of New Zealand. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed. ISBN 0-589-00933-8. p. 384.
Jump up ^ Orsman, H. and Moore, J. (eds) (1988) Heinemann Dictionary of New Zealand Quotations, Heinemann, Page 629.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Hamish; Hutching, Gerard (2007). In Search of Ancient New Zealand. North Shore and Wellington, New Zealand: Penguin Books, in association with GNS Science. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-143-02088-2.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Hamish; Hutching, Gerard (2007). In Search of Ancient New Zealand. North Shore and Wellington, New Zealand: Penguin Books, in association with GNS Science. pp. 204–205. ISBN 978-0-143-02088-2.
Jump up ^ Sutherland, R., Townend, J., Toy, V., Upton, P., Coussens, J., and 61 other (2017) "Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault". Letter to Nature. doi:10.1038/nature22355
Jump up ^ Geothermal discovery on West Coast Otago Daily Times, 18 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "South Island montane grasslands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern Alps.
"The Exploration of the Southern Alps (from 1940 book)". NZETC.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Alps&oldid=797924489"
Categories:
Mountain ranges of New Zealand
Fiordland
Landforms of the West Coast, New Zealand
Landforms of Canterbury, New Zealand
Montane grasslands and shrublands
Ecoregions of New Zealand
Southern Alps
Hidden categories:
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles containing Māori-language text
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikivoyage
Languages
Ænglisc
العربية
Aragonés
Беларуская
भोजपुरी
Български
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 29 August 2017, at 23:58.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Southern_Alps_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Southern Alps (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: colspan style

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

values: text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;

values: padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;

values: padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/South_Island,_New_Zealand
mw-redirect
South Island, New Zealand

values:
/wiki/Captain_Cook
mw-redirect
Captain Cook

values:
/wiki/Glider_aircraft
mw-redirect
Glider aircraft

values:
/wiki/Plate_boundary
mw-redirect
Plate boundary

values:
/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire
mw-redirect
Pacific Ring of Fire

values:
/wiki/Mountain_beech
mw-redirect
Mountain beech

values:
/wiki/New_Zealand_rockwren
mw-redirect
New Zealand rockwren

values: File:Southern Alps from Hamilton Peak.jpg

values: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:2008px;

values:
/wiki/Heinemann_(book_publisher)
mw-redirect
Heinemann (book publisher)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature22355

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Landforms of the West Coast, New Zealand

values: Category:Landforms of Canterbury, New Zealand

values: Category:Montane grasslands and shrublands

values: Category:Articles containing Māori-language text

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Southern_Alps
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: جبال الألب الجنوبية – Arabic

values: Паўднёвыя Альпы – Belarusian

values: दक्खिनी एल्प्स – Bhojpuri

values: Южни Алпи – Bulgarian

values: Νότιες Άλπεις – Greek

values: آلپ جنوبی – Persian

values: Alpes du Sud (Nouvelle-Zélande) – French

values: 남알프스 산맥 – Korean

values: दक्षिणी ऐल्प्स – Hindi

values: האלפים הדרומיים – Hebrew

values: სამხრეთი ალპები – Georgian

values: Јужни Алпи – Macedonian

values: Өмнөд Альпийн нуруу – Mongolian

values: 南アルプス山脈 – Japanese

values: Южные Альпы (Новая Зеландия) – Russian

values: Південні Альпи – Ukrainian

values: 南阿爾卑斯山脈 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Southern_Alps rootpage-Southern_Alps vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
The Story (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For songs with a similar title, see Story.
"The Story"
Single by Brandi Carlile
from the album The Story
Released
2007
Recorded
Vancouver
Genre
Folk Rock
Label
Sony BMG
Songwriter(s)
Phil Hanseroth
Producer(s)
T-Bone Burnett
Brandi Carlile singles chronology
"String Module Error: Match not found"
(String Module Error: Match not found) "The Story"
(2007) "String Module Error: Match not found"
(String Module Error: Match not found)
"What Can I Say" "The Story"
(2007) "Turpentine"
"The Story" is a song released as a single by American folk rock singer Brandi Carlile, written by Phil Hanseroth, from her 2007 album The Story. It was featured in Grey's Anatomy in 2007 and is on Grey's Anatomy Soundtrack album 3 (released September 11).
About four years later, a version of the song has been recorded by Grey's Anatomy actress Sara Ramirez and was first presented in the 2011 episode "Song Beneath the Song". The track was later covered by LeAnn Rimes for her Remnants album and by Dolly Parton for the charity tribute album Cover Stories.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition and recording
2 Release and promotion
3 Chart performance and reception
4 Sara Ramirez version
5 LeAnn Rimes version
6 References
Composition and recording
"The Story" was written by Phil Hanseroth, who also plays bass in Carlile's band.[1] It has a 16-bar melody.[1] It was recorded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and produced by T-Bone Burnett.
Release and promotion
"The Story" was released as a single in 2007. It was iTunes' Download of the Week in March 2007.[2] Carlile has performed the song live on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Early Show.[3]
Along with other songs by Carlile, "The Story" received exposure to a wider audience by being played on the soundtrack to medical drama series Grey's Anatomy. The song, and parts of the video, appeared in 2007 in a special recap episode titled "Every Moment Counts".[2] The song was also used in a General Motors commercial that aired during television coverage of the 2008 Summer Olympics.[4] "The Story" has become the most popular song from Carlile's album.[1]
Chart performance and reception
In the United States Brandi Carlile's "The Story" reached No. 75 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as No. 35 on the Adult Pop Songs chart and No. 48 on the Digital Songs chart.[2][5] The song peaked at No. 44 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, No. 3 on the Norwegian VG-lista chart, No. 16 on the Swiss singles chart and No. 38 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40 chart.[6][7][8][9]
Tom Scanlon of The Seattle Times describes a live performance of "The Story" as "stunning" and "spine-chilling". He notes the transition within the song between acoustic pop-rock and "scream-singing" that resembles Janis Joplin.[3] A writer for Indianapolis Monthly also draws a comparison between Carlile's vocals and those of Joplin.[10]
Brandi Carlile version
Chart (2007–08)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[11] 44
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[12] 38
Brazilian Singles Chart (ABPD)[13] 57
Norway (VG-lista)[14] 3
Portugal (Billboard) 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[15] 16
US Billboard Hot 100[16] 75
US Adult Pop Songs (Billboard)[16] 35
Sara Ramirez version
List of songs, with selected chart positions
Song
Year
Peak chart positions
Album
US
[17]
US
Heat
[18]
AUT
[19]
CAN
[20]
FRA
[21]
IRL
[22]
"The Story"
2011 69 2 [A] 72 94 34 Sara Ramirez
Jump up ^ "The Story" did not enter the Austrian chart (Ö3 Austria Top 40), but peaked at No. 7 on the Austria Digital Songs chart.
Sara Ramirez version
"The Story"
Song by Sara Ramirez
from the album Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event
Released
March 31, 2011 (2011-03-31)
In 2011, "The Story" was again featured in an episode of Grey's Anatomy. The series 7 episode "Song Beneath the Song" was a special musical episode that included renditions of popular songs performed by the show's characters. In the episode Sara Ramirez, in the role of Callie Torres, sings "The Story".[23] Ramirez' version of the song was included as a track on her 2011 extended play, Sara Ramirez and the 2011 album Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event.
LeAnn Rimes version
Country music artist LeAnn Rimes released a cover version of the song on 24 June 2016 in the UK as the first single from her thirteenth studio album Remnants and her first release after signing with RCA UK. Rimes promoted the track with live performances on BBC One's The One Show and at London nightclub Heaven, but the track failed to enter any commercial charts in the UK.
Rimes has indicated that she feels a strong connection with the track. In an interview with Billboard, she said "I fully embrace the journey I am on and have a deeper understanding of how every piece of my story serves a purpose in my evolution as a woman and an artist,This song is not only a love song but a song of self-acceptance and appreciation for life."[24]
A music video directed by Isaac Rentz premiered on Rimes' Vevo channel on 9 August 2016.[25]
References
^ Jump up to: a b c Chinen, Nate (April 30, 2007), "A Little Bit of Country Infuses a Pop Instinct", The New York Times, The New York Times Company, retrieved September 10, 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c Visakowitz, Susan (May 5, 2007), "Being Brandi Carlile", Billboard, Prometheus Global Media, p. 34
^ Jump up to: a b Scanlon, Tom (March 30, 2007), "Singer Carlile Releasing the Story Within", The Seattle Times, The Seattle Times Company, retrieved September 10, 2011
Jump up ^ Peters, Mitchell (August 30, 2008), "Going For the Gold", Billboard, Prometheus Global Media, p. 10
Jump up ^ "The Story — Brandi Carlile", Allmusic, Rovi Corporation, retrieved September 2011 Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Brandi Carlile — The Story (Song)", Australian charts portal, Hung Medien, retrieved September 10, 2011
Jump up ^ "Brandi Carlile — The Story (Song)", Norwegian charts portal, Hung Medien, retrieved September 10, 2011
Jump up ^ "Brandi Carlile — The Story (Song)", Swiss charts portal, Hung Medien, retrieved September 10, 2011
Jump up ^ "Brandi Carlile — The Story (Song)", Austrian charts portal, Hung Medien, retrieved September 10, 2011
Jump up ^ "Story Hour", Indianapolis Monthly, Emmis Communications, p. 168, October 2007
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Brandi Carlile – The Story". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Brandi Carlile – The Story" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Brazil" (PDF). ABPD. October 6, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Brandi Carlile – The Story". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Brandi Carlile – The Story". Swiss Singles Chart.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith; Trust, Gary (April 7, 2011). "Chart Moves: Katy Perry, Rihanna, Elton John, Lil Wayne, Celtic Thunder". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/biz/search/charts?f0=ss_chart_search_title%3A%22The%20Story%22&f1=itm_field_chart_id%3A887&refine=1
Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/biz/search/charts?f0=ss_chart_search_title%3A%22The%20Story%22&f1=itm_field_chart_id%3A845&refine=1
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 16, 2010 (Biggest Jump)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Sara+Ramirez&titel=The+Story&cat=s
Jump up ^ "Irish Music Charts Archive: Top 50 Singles, Week Ending 7 April 2011". Chart-Track. GfK. April 7, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (March 28, 2011), "Everything You Need to Know About the Grey's Anatomy Musical Episode", TV Guide, retrieved September 10, 2011
Jump up ^ "LeAnn Rimes Announces New Single On RCA UK, 'The Story'". Retrieved 2016-08-12.
Jump up ^ "LeAnn Rimes - The Story (Official Video)". YouTube. 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2017-03-24.
[show]
v
t
e
Brandi Carlile
Albums
Brandi Carlile
The Story
Give Up the Ghost
Live at Benaroya Hall with the Seattle Symphony
Bear Creek
The Firewatcher's Daughter
By the Way, I Forgive You
EPs
Room for Me
We're Growing Up
Live from Neumo's
Live at Easy Street Records
Rhapsody Originals
XOBC
Singles
"The Story"
"That Wasn't Me"
Related
Discography
Cover Stories
[show]
v
t
e
Grey's Anatomy
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Characters
(cast members)
Meredith Grey
Cristina Yang
Izzie Stevens
Alex Karev
George O'Malley
Miranda Bailey
Richard Webber
Preston Burke
Derek Shepherd
Addison Montgomery
Mark Sloan
Callie Torres
Lexie Grey
Erica Hahn
Owen Hunt
Sadie Harris
Arizona Robbins
Teddy Altman
Jackson Avery
April Kepner
Amelia Shepherd
Stephanie Edwards
Maggie Pierce
Nathan Riggs
Other
Awards and nominations
Soundtrack
Video game
Private Practice
Station 19
A Corazón Abierto (Mexican telenovela)
A Corazón Abierto (Colombian telenovela)
Portal
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Story_(song)&oldid=803983474"
Categories:
2007 singles
Song recordings produced by T Bone Burnett
2007 songs
Sony BMG singles
Hidden categories:
CS1 errors: dates
Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
Music infoboxes with Module:String errors
Singlechart usages for Australia
Singlechart usages for Austria
Singlechart usages for Norway
Singlechart usages for Swiss
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 5 October 2017, at 22:37.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Story_(disambiguation)#Music
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Story (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: i

values:
/wiki/T-Bone_Burnett
mw-redirect
T-Bone Burnett

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values:
/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia
mw-redirect
Vancouver, British Columbia

values:
/wiki/Swiss_Music_Charts
mw-redirect
Swiss Music Charts

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos

values: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique

values:
wikitable plainrowheaders
text-align:center;
1

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: upper-alpha;

values:
/wiki/RCA_Label_Group_(UK)
mw-redirect
RCA Label Group (UK)

values:
/wiki/Rovi_Corporation
mw-redirect
Rovi Corporation

values:
nofollow
external text
http://asdfg-menezes.org/bookBR.pdf

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
Brandi_Carlile
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/Room_for_Me
mw-redirect
Room for Me

values:
/wiki/We%27re_Growing_Up
mw-redirect
We're Growing Up

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of awards and nominations received by Grey's Anatomy

values:
/wiki/Grey%27s_Anatomy:_The_Video_Game
mw-redirect
Grey's Anatomy: The Video Game

values: A corazón abierto (Colombian telenovela)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Song recordings produced by T Bone Burnett

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages

values: Category:Music infoboxes with Module:String errors

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Australia

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Story_(song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Story_song rootpage-The_Story_song skin-vector action-view