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See You Again
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For other uses, see See You Again (disambiguation).
"See You Again"
Single by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
from the album Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack and Nine Track Mind (International edition)
Released
March 10, 2015
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2014
Genre
Hip hop
pop-rap
Length
3:49
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Andrew Cedar
Justin Franks
Charlie Puth
Cameron Thomaz
Producer(s)
DJ Frank E
Charlie Puth
Andrew Cedar
Wiz Khalifa singles chronology
"You and Your Friends"
(2014) "See You Again"
(2015) "For Everybody"
(2015)
"You and Your Friends"
(2014) "See You Again"
(2015) "For Everybody"
(2015)
Charlie Puth singles chronology
"Marvin Gaye"
(2015) Marvin Gaye2015 "See You Again"
(2015) See You Again2015 "One Call Away"
(2015) One Call Away2015
Music video
"See You Again" on YouTube
"See You Again" is a song recorded by American rapper Wiz Khalifa, featuring American singer Charlie Puth. The track was commissioned for the soundtrack of the 2015 action film Furious 7 as a tribute to the late actor Paul Walker, who died in a single-vehicle accident on November 30, 2013 in Valencia, California. Later on, the song was included as a bonus track on the international release of Puth's debut album, Nine Track Mind. The artists co-wrote the song with its co-producers, DJ Frank E and Andrew Cedar, with additional production from Puth and mixing provided by Manny Marroquin. "See You Again" was released on March 10, 2015, as the soundtrack's lead single in the United States.
"See You Again" became both Khalifa's and Puth's biggest single to date. It spent 12 non-consecutive weeks atop the US Billboard Hot 100, tying Eminem's "Lose Yourself" for the longest-running rap number-one single in the country, and topped the UK Singles Chart for two consecutive weeks.[1] It also reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland. The song holds the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United States. It set the record for most streams in a single week worldwide, and in the United Kingdom also in a single week.
The music video was the most viewed video on YouTube from July 10 to August 4, 2017. "See You Again" received three nominations at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards: Song of the Year, Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media. It was also shortlisted for the Song of the Year for the BBC Music Awards and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.[2] "See You Again" was the best selling-song of 2015 worldwide, with combined sales and track-equivalent streams of 20.9 million units according to IFPI.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and development
2 Composition
3 Commercial performance
3.1 North America
3.2 Europe and Oceania
4 Music video
4.1 Background
4.2 Synopsis
4.3 Reception
5 Live performances
6 Awards and nominations
7 Track listing
8 Credits and personnel
9 Charts
9.1 Weekly charts
9.2 Year-end charts
10 Certifications
11 Release history
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Writing and development[edit]
"See You Again" was written by DJ Frank E, Charlie Puth, Wiz Khalifa, and Andrew Cedar. It was produced by DJ Frank E, Charlie Puth, and Andrew Cedar.[4] Frank E and Puth were approached by their publishing company, Artist Publishing Group, to develop a melody that could pay tribute to the late Paul Walker for the film Furious 7 (2015). His publishing company's president Ben Maddahi then set up a first-time studio session for Puth with DJ Frank E at a studio in Los Angeles.[5]
Puth became emotionally attached while writing the track, recalling Vail Cerullo, a friend of Puth's time at Berklee College of Music, who perished in a motorcycle accident in 2012.[6][7] He was at first reluctant that the film's soundtrack label, Atlantic Records, would choose his vocal for the song. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Puth recalled, "It just seemed to occur from out of nowhere. And basically 10 minutes later Justin and I wrote it, we sent it off, and I thought we'd never hear about it again".[8] Puth and DJ Frank E's output from the session was well received by Furious 7 filmmakers, Universal Pictures, and Atlantic. As a result, the track was further commissioned to include rapped verses by Khalifa based on the subject of family, combined with Puth's vocals and a piano melody. The song then went through an extensive note-giving and production process.[8] Puth opined that his vocal was chosen by Atlantic because of his emotional attachment to the subject matter.[5]
The song was chosen to be played at the end of the film. Following O'Conner's retirement send-off to be with his wife and family, the characters Brian O'Conner and Dominic Toretto drove on a mountain road and parted ways upon reaching a fork.[8]
Puth revealed on The Talk that Universal originally wanted to get a more established singer to sing Puth's part. Puth refused to give them the song unless he sung the hook.
Composition[edit]
"See You Again" is a hip hop and pop-rap ballad.[9][10] It was written in the key of B ♭ major with a time signature of 4
4 and has a tempo of 80 beats per minute (Andante/Andantino).[11]
Commercial performance[edit]
North America[edit]
In the United States, "See You Again" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts dated March 19, 2015, at number 100 and number 29 respectively, with first-week sales of 25,000 copies.[12][13] On the chart issued for April 18, 2015, the song climbed from number 84 to number ten on the Billboard Hot 100, selling 168,000 copies as the chart's "Digital Gainer" that week. Its climb into the top ten was the chart's biggest since Katy Perry's "Roar" (2013).[14] In its fifth week, "See You Again" sold 464,000 copies and rose from number ten to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The song marked Khalifa's second number one on the chart, following "Black and Yellow" (2011), and Puth's first.[15] It topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for twelve non-consecutive weeks. After its twelfth week it was finally knocked off the top spot by OMI's hit, "Cheerleader". It is one of 33 songs to reach number one for at least 10 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100.[16][17][18] The song also topped the Mainstream Top 40 and Rhythmic charts for four weeks and three weeks respectively.[17][19][20] The song also topped Hot Rap Songs and Hot R&B Hip Hip songs for 14 weeks each. As of July 7, 2016, "See You Again" has sold a total of 4,122,938 copies in the United States.[21] The song fell out of the top ten on the chart dated August 29, 2015, spending a total of 19 weeks in the top ten.
The song holds the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United States. It set the record for most streams in a single week worldwide during April 6 to April 12 (streamed 21.9 million times), and in the United Kingdom in a single week (streamed 3.72 million times from April 20 to April 26, 2015), which was broken by Justin Bieber's "What Do You Mean?" (streamed 3.87 million times from September 17 to September 23, 2015).[22][23][24]
Europe and Oceania[edit]
"See You Again" debuted at number 20 on the UK Singles Chart issued for April 12, 2015 on streaming alone. It registered 1.8 million streams in the United Kingdom that week.[25] Following its digital release, the song climbed to number one on the chart dated April 19, 2015. It sold 193,000 units that week, becoming the fastest-selling single in the United Kingdom of 2015. The song also broke the streaming record in the United Kingdom that week with a total of 3.68 million streams that week. It marked Khalifa's second number one on the chart—following his feature on Maroon 5's "Payphone" (2012)—and Puth's first.[26] "See You Again" sold 142,000 units during its first week at number one, and broke its own streaming record with 3.72 million streams that week.[24] Omi's "Cheerleader" replaced "See You Again" at number one the following week, selling approximately 1,000 units more than "See You Again" at number two.[27]
In New Zealand, "See You Again" debuted at number 34 on the New Zealand Singles Chart dated March 30, 2015.[28] It topped the chart in its third week, becoming Khalifa and Puth's first number one single in the country.[29] In Australia, "See You Again" rose from number 59 to number one on the Australian Singles Chart issued for April 11, 2015, marking Khalifa and Puth's first number one hit on the chart. The song's climb to number one was the largest in Australian Singles Chart history.[30]
Music video[edit]
See You Again
Directed by
Marc Klasfeld
Produced by
Charlie Puth and Wiz Khalifa
Starring
Wiz Khalifa
Charlie Puth
Vin Diesel
Paul Walker
Cody Walker
Release date
April 6, 2015 (2015-04-06)
Running time
3:57
Language
English
The music video for "See You Again" was directed by Marc Klasfeld.[31] It was uploaded to YouTube on April 6, 2015.
Background[edit]
The video, recorded by American rapper Wiz Khalifa and American singer Charlie Puth, was the most viewed video on YouTube from July 10 to August 4, 2017[32][33] and the most liked video on the site from August 28, 2016 to July 25, 2017.[34][35] As of October 31, 2017, it has received over 3.1 billion views and 17.5 million likes,[36] making it the site's second most viewed and liked video.[37][38] It is one of 85 videos to exceed one billion views, 17 videos to exceed two billion views, and two videos to exceed three billion views. It was the second video ever to record two billion[39] and three billion views.
Synopsis[edit]
The video begins with a shot of a cliff top at sunset, followed by Khalifa walking down a highway road. Puth is then shown singing the chorus whilst sitting at, and playing, a piano located between two cars. Khalifa's rap verses and Puth singing the second chorus and bridge are interspersed with footage from Furious 7. After the bridge, we see the final scene from the film: Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and Brian O'Conner (Cody Walker, filling in for his brother, Paul), driving together, pull over in their cars and smile at each other one last time before driving away on separate roads into the sunset. After the camera pans up into the sky, the screen turns white, the words "For Paul" appear on screen and the video ends.[40]
Reception[edit]
The video was the most viewed video on YouTube from July 10, 2017, when it surpassed "Gangnam Style" by Psy,[41] to August 4 of that year, when it was surpassed by "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee.[33] It reached 2 billion views on September 3, 2016 and is the fourth fastest video to accomplish the feat, doing so in 515 days. It reached 3 billion views on August 6, 2017 and is the second fastest video to accomplish the feat, doing so in 853 days. As of October 31, 2017, the video has received over 3.1 billion views on YouTube[42] making it the second most viewed video on the website.[37]
It has received over 17.5 million likes and over 575,000 dislikes as of October 31, 2017. The video is also the second to reach 10 million likes; the other four videos to exceed 10 million likes are the music videos for "Gangnam Style", "Hello", "Despacito" and "Shape of You".[43] The video was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video and Best Collaboration at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost both.[44] On August 27, 2016, the music video surpassed "Gangnam Style" as YouTube's most liked video of all time, after "Gangnam Style" held the record for almost 4 years. Also, on February 19, 2017, the music video succeeded "Gangnam Style" as the most rated YouTube video of all time with over 13.8 million total ratings. It has since been surpassed by Luis Fonsi's "Despacito" as the most viewed, liked and rated video on YouTube.
Live performances[edit]
Khalifa and Puth performed "See You Again" live on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon in March 2015 and on an episode of Saturday Night Live in May 2015.[45] Diesel also performed the song live as a tribute to Walker during the 2015 MTV Movie Awards.[46] Khalifa and Puth reprised the song in a performance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2015.[47] Khalifa has performed the song, without Puth, as part of the Boys of Zummer Tour, in which Khalifa co-headlined with Fall Out Boy. Puth performed the song at the Capital Jingle Bell Ball in 2015. Khalifa also performed the song on season 8 of The Voice, with season 7 finalist Chris Jamison performing Puth's vocals. Wiz Khalifa also performed the song at the Mnet Asian Music Awards 2016. The intentions were for the song to be performed as a collaboration between Wiz Khalifa and Taeyeon, member of girl group Girls' Generation but the stage was later cancelled for reasons unknown.[48] Khalifa & Puth also performed the song at the 2016 Kids' Choice Awards.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Result
2015 American Music Awards Song of the Year Nominated
Collaboration of the Year
Hollywood Music in Media Awards Song – Feature Film Won
MTV Video Music Awards Best Hip-Hop Video Nominated
Best Collaboration
Teen Choice Awards Choice R&B/Hip-Hop Song Won
Choice Collaboration Nominated
Choice Song from a Movie or TV Show Won
Hollywood Film Awards Hollywood Song Award[49]
BBC Music Awards Song of the Year[50] Nominated
2016 Grammy Awards Song of the Year
Best Pop Duo/Group Performance
Best Song Written for Visual Media
Critics Choice Awards Best Song Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Original Song Nominated
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Collaboration Won
Black Reel Awards Best Original or Adapted Song Won
iHeartRadio Music Awards Best Lyrics Nominated
Best Collaboration
Best Song from a Movie
ASCAP Pop Music Awards Most Performed Songs[51] Won
Track listing[edit]
Digital download
No.
Title
Length
1. "See You Again (Extended)" (featuring Charlie Puth) 5:48
Credits and personnel[edit]
Andrew Cedar – songwriter, producer
DJ Frank E (Justin Franks) – songwriter, producer
Charlie Puth – songwriter, vocals, producer
Brian Tyler – string arranger, conductor
Wiz Khalifa (Cameron Thomaz) – songwriter, vocals
Annie & Chloe – edited version, vocals, producers
Credits adapted from Soundtrack.Net[52] and AllMusic[53]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2015)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[54]
1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[55]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[56]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[57]
2
Brazil (Billboard Hot 100)[58]
38
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[59]
1
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[60]
1
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[61]
5
Colombia (National-Report Top Anglo)[62]
1
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[63]
2
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[64]
1
Denmark (Tracklisten)[65]
1
Europe (Euro Digital Songs)[66]
1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[67]
1
France (SNEP)[68]
2
Germany (Official German Charts)[69]
1
Greece Digital Songs (Billboard)[70]
1
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[71]
4
Hungary (Single Top 40)[72]
1
Ireland (IRMA)[73]
1
Israel (Media Forest)[74]
1
Italy (FIMI)[75]
1
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[76]
7
Lebanon (Lebanese Top 20) [77]
1
Luxembourg Digital Songs (Billboard)[78]
1
Mexico Top 20 Inglés (Monitor Latino)[79]
1
Mexico Ingles Airplay (Billboard)[80]
1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[81]
3
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[82]
3
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[83]
1
Norway (VG-lista)[84]
1
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[85]
4
Portugal Digital Songs (Billboard)[86]
1
Russia Airplay (Tophit)[87]
3
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[88]
1
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[89]
5
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[90]
1
South Africa (EMA)[91]
1
South Korea (Gaon Music Chart)[92]
32
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[93]
4
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[94]
1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[95]
1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[96]
1
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[97]
1
US Billboard Hot 100[98]
1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[99]
13
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[100]
2
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[101]
3
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[102]
1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[103]
1
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[104]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2015)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[105]
3
Australia Urban (ARIA)[106]
2
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[107]
6
Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)[108]
9
Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia)[109]
20
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[110]
4
Denmark (Tracklisten)[111]
4
Germany (Official German Charts)[112]
9
Israel (Media Forest)[113]
11
Italy (FIMI)[114]
8
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[115]
19
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[116]
3
Slovenia (SloTop50)[117]
36
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[118]
16
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[119]
4
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[120]
5
UK Singles (Official Charts Company) [121]
5
US Billboard Hot 100[122]
3
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[123]
1
Chart (2016)
Position
Australia Urban (ARIA)[124]
22
Brazil (Brasil Hot 100)[125]
11
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[126]
83
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[127]
59
US Billboard Hot 100[128]
99
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[129]
5× Platinum 350,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[130]
Platinum 30,000*
Belgium (BEA)[131]
Platinum 30,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[132]
5× Platinum 400,000[133]
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[134]
2× Platinum 120,000^
Germany (BVMI)[135]
Platinum 400,000^
Italy (FIMI)[136]
5× Platinum 250,000
Japan (RIAJ)[137]
Platinum 250,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[138]
3× Platinum 45,000*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[139]
5× Platinum 50,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[140]
Platinum 40,000^
Sweden (GLF)[141]
3× Platinum 120,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[142]
2× Platinum 60,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[143]
2× Platinum 733,000[144]
United States (RIAA)[145]
9× Platinum 9,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Country
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States
March 16, 2015 Digital download Atlantic [146]
Worldwide
April 3, 2015 [22]
United States
April 7, 2015 Contemporary hit radio [147]
United Kingdom
April 12, 2015 Digital download [22]
See also[edit]
List of best-selling singles
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2015
List of number-one digital songs of 2015 (U.S.)
List of number-one On-Demand Songs of 2015
List of number-one R&B/hip-hop songs of 2015 (U.S.)
List of Billboard Mainstream Top 40 number-one songs of 2015
List of Billboard Rhythmic number-one songs of the 2010s
List of Hot 100 Airplay number-one singles of the 2010s
List of number-one singles of 2015 (Australia)
List of number-one digital tracks of 2015 (Australia)
List of number-one streaming tracks of 2015 (Australia)
List of number-one urban singles of 2015 (Australia)
List of number-one hits of 2015 (Austria)
List of Ultratop 50 Flanders number-one singles of 2015
List of Canadian Hot 100 number-one singles of 2015
List of number-one digital songs of 2015 (Canada)
List of number-one hits of 2015 (Denmark)
List of number-one singles of 2015 (Finland)
List of number-one hits of 2015 (Germany)
List of number-one singles of 2015 (Ireland)
List of number-one hits of 2015 (Italy)
List of Mexico Airplay number-one singles from the 2010s
List of Mexico Ingles Airplay singles of the 2010s
List of number-one singles from the 2010s (New Zealand)
List of number-one songs in Norway
List of Romandie Charts number-one singles of 2015
Lists of Scottish number-one singles of 2015
List of number-one singles of 2015 (South Africa)
List of number-one singles of the 2010s (Sweden)
List of number-one hits of 2015 (Switzerland)
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2010s
List of UK R&B Singles Chart number ones of 2015
List of most-liked YouTube videos
List of most-viewed YouTube videos
List of most-streamed songs on Spotify
List of most streamed songs in the United Kingdom
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Jump up ^ "Greece Digital Songs – May 16, 2015". Billboard. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
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External links[edit]
"See You Again" on YouTube
[show]
v
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Wiz Khalifa singles
Discography
Rolling Papers
"Black and Yellow"
"Roll Up"
"On My Level"
"No Sleep"
Mac & Devin Go to High School
"Young, Wild & Free"
O.N.I.F.C.
"Work Hard, Play Hard"
"Remember You"
Blacc Hollywood
"We Dem Boyz"
"You and Your Friends"
Khalifa
"Bake Sale"
TGOD Mafia Presents: Rude Awakening
"All Night"
Other singles
"Say Yeah"
"We Own It (Fast & Furious)"
"Shell Shocked"
"See You Again"
video
"Burn Slow"
"King of Everything"
"Pull Up"
"Sucker for Pain"
"Gang Up"
Featured singles
"Best Night of My Life"
"Till I'm Gone"
"Oh My"
"5 O'Clock"
"I'm On"
"Payphone"
"Till I Die"
"Celebration"
"Don't Make Em Like You"
"Hate Bein' Sober"
"NBA"
"Molly"
"Beat It"
"23"
"Feelin' Myself"
"Or Nah"
"Party Girls"
"She Said"
"Bigroom Blitz"
"For Everybody"
"Kush Ups"
"Fuck Apologies"
Promotional singles
"Double Vision" (Remix)
"The Race"
"Bright Lights Bigger City" (Remix)
"Sleazy Remix 2.0: Get Sleazier"
"KK"
"Stayin Out All Night"
"Promises"
"So High"
"Go Hard or Go Home"
"No Social Media"
Other songs
"Taylor Gang"
[show]
v
t
e
Charlie Puth
Discography
Studio albums
Nine Track Mind
Extended plays
Some Type of Love
Singles
"Marvin Gaye"
"One Call Away"
"We Don't Talk Anymore"
"Attention"
"How Long"
Featured singles
"See You Again"
video
Other songs
"Nothing but Trouble"
"Dangerously"
Related articles
Meghan Trainor
[show]
v
t
e
Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song
1998–2000
"When You Believe"
Music & Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"Music of My Heart"
Music & Lyrics: Diane Warren (1999)
"My Funny Friend and Me"
Music & Lyrics: David Hartley, Sting (2000)
2001–2010
"May It Be"
Music & Lyrics: Enya, Nicky Ryan, Roma Ryan (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music & Lyrics: Jeff Bass, Eminem, Luis Resto, (2002)
"A Mighty Wind"
Music & Lyrics: Christopher Guest, Eugene Levy, Michael McKean (2003)
"Old Habits Die Hard"
Music & Lyrics: Mick Jagger, David Stewart (2004)
"Hustle & Flow"
Music & Lyrics: Terrence Howard (2005)
"Listen"
Music & Lyrics: Scott Cutler, Henry Krieger, Anne Preven (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music & Lyrics: Glen Hansard, Markéta Irglová (2007)
"The Wrestler"
Music & Lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music & Lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"If I Rise"
Music & Lyrics: Rollo Armstrong, Dido, A. R. Rahman (2010)
2011–2020
"Life's a Happy Song"
Music & Lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music & Lyrics: Adele, Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music & Lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez, Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music & Lyrics: Common, John Legend (2014)
"See You Again"
Music & Lyrics: Andrew Cedar, DJ Frank E, Wiz Khalifa, Charlie Puth (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music & Lyrics: Justin Hurwitz, Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
[show]
v
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The Fast and the Furious
Films
The Fast and the Furious
album
2nd album
2 Fast 2 Furious
album
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
Fast & Furious
album
score
Fast Five
album
score
Fast & Furious 6
album
Furious 7
album
score
The Fate of the Furious
album
score
Characters
Dominic Toretto
Brian O'Conner
Han Lue
Gisele Yashar
Short films
The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious
Los Bandoleros
Video games
The Fast and the Furious (arcade)
The Fast and the Furious (PS2/PSP)
Fast & Furious: Showdown
Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious
Attractions
Fast & Furious: Supercharged
Related
"Act a Fool"
"See You Again"
video
"Gang Up"
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=See_You_Again&oldid=808016348"
Categories:
2015 films
English-language films
2010s ballads
2015 singles
Wiz Khalifa songs
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Songs in memory of deceased persons
Songs written for films
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Billboard Rap Songs number-one singles
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UK R&B Singles Chart number-one singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Music videos directed by Marc Klasfeld
Songs written by Charlie Puth
South African Airplay Chart number-one singles
Billboard Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) number-one singles
The Fast and the Furious music
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Esquire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the modern informal, non-royally awarded title. For other uses, see Esquire (disambiguation). For the feudal title, see Squire.
Royal, noble and
chivalric ranks
Emperor
King
Archduke
Grand Prince
Grand Duke
Prince / Infante
Duke
Sovereign Prince / Fürst
Marquess / Marquis /
Margrave / Landgrave /
Count palatine
Count / Earl
Viscount / Vidame
Baron
Baronet
Hereditary Knight
Knight
Esquire
Gentleman
v
t
e
Esquire (British English: /ɪˈskwaɪə/;[1] American English: /ˈɛsˌkwaɪr/ or /ɪˈskwaɪr/;[2] abbreviated Esq.)[3] is usually a courtesy title.
In the United Kingdom, Esquire historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman and below the rank of knight. In 1826, William Blackstone reiterated that, "the title should be limited to those only who bear an office of trust under the Crown and who are styled esquires by the king in their commissions and appointments; and all, I conceive, who are once honoured by the king with the title of esquire have a right to that distinction for life."[4][5]
By the early 20th century, it came to be used as a general courtesy title for any man in a formal setting, usually as a suffix to his name, as in "Todd Smith, Esq.", with no precise significance. In the United Kingdom today, it is still commonly used as a written style of address in formal or professional correspondence.[6][7] In certain formal contexts, it remains an indication of a social status that is recognised in the formal Order of Precedence.[8]
In the United States, Esquire is mostly used to denote a lawyer, in a departure from traditional use, and is irrespective of gender. In letters, a lawyer is customarily addressed by adding the suffix Esquire (abbreviated Esq.), preceded by a comma, after the lawyer's full name.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Defined in 1586 by Fearn
1.2 Defined by Camden (d.1623)
1.3 Defined by Weever (d.1632)
1.4 Defined in 1830 by Burn, Chitty & Black
1.5 Defined by Boutell (d.1877)
1.6 Defined in 1894 by James Parker
1.7 Modern definition
1.8 Misuse
1.9 Other criteria
2 Modern British usage
2.1 In Scotland
3 Usage in the United States
3.1 In the legal profession
3.2 Diplomatic use
3.3 In fraternal groups
3.4 Use of honorifics and post-nominals
4 Usage in India
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Chief Justice Coke (1552–1634) defined "gentlemen" as those who bear coat armour. From the 16th century such families were defined by the inclusion of their pedigrees within their county's Heraldic Visitations, which necessitated their submitting a return of their pedigree to the visiting herald at the specified location, generally one of the chief towns of the county. The 1623 Heraldic Visitation for Gloucestershire, for example, includes a section at the back headed:[10] "A note of such as were disclaymed to be no gentilmen within the county and city of Gloucester", the list being headed by "Edward Hill, Customer, of Gloucester, neither gentilman of bloud, ancestry nor armes". The list thus identifies those persons whose returns were not accepted, perhaps because fabricated or insufficiently evidenced in some way.
Defined in 1586 by Fearn[edit]
Sir John Fearn in "Glory of Generositie" spoke of esquires by creation, birth, dignity and office, specifying several circumstances that customarily conferred the title.[11]
Offices of justice or government in the King's palace
Advocates and procurators of the sovereign
Sergeants at the coif
Offices of sheriff, escheator or serjeant at arms
Eldest born of a baron peer of the realm or that of a knight
Defined by Camden (d.1623)[edit]
Coke followed Sir William Camden, Clarenceux King of Arms (1551–1623), who defined esquires as:
the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetuity,
the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetuity,
esquires so created by the king,
esquires by office, such as justices of the peace and those holding an office of trust under the crown.[12]
Defined by Weever (d.1632)[edit]
John Weever (d.1632) identified five categories of esquires:[13]
"Those who are elect for the prince's body", which he classed as the principal esquires. These were royal courtiers known as Esquires of the Body
Knights' eldest sons
Younger sons of the eldest sons of barons and other nobles of higher estate
White Spurs, a form mainly restricted to West country usage
Those who are so by office and by serving the prince in any worshipful calling
Defined in 1830 by Burn, Chitty & Black[edit]
According to one typical definition,[14][15] esquires in English law included:
The eldest sons of knights, and their eldest sons in perpetual succession
The eldest sons of younger sons of peers, and their eldest sons in perpetual succession (children of peers already had higher precedence)
Esquires created by letters patent or other investiture, and their eldest sons
Esquires by virtue of their offices, as Justices of the Peace and others who bear any office of trust under the Crown
Esquires of knights constituted at their investiture
Foreign noblemen
Persons who are so styled under the Royal sign manual (officers of the Armed Forces of or above the rank of Captain in the Army or its equivalent) and sons thereof.
Barristers (but not Solicitors)
Defined by Boutell (d.1877)[edit]
Charles Boutell (1812–1877)[16] defined the term as
Esquire – A rank next below that of Knight. Besides those Esquires who are personal attendants of Knights of Orders of Knighthood, this title is held by all attendants on the person of the Sovereign, and all persons holding the Sovereign's commission being of military rank not below Captain; also, by general concession, by Barristers at Law, Masters of Arts and Bachelors of Law and Physic.
Defined in 1894 by James Parker[edit]
James Parker [17] supplied the following definition:
Esquire, (lat. armiger, fr. escuyer): a title of a gentleman of the rank immediately below a knight. It was originally a military office, an esquire being (as the name escuyer, from escu, a shield, implies) a knight’s attendant and shield bearer. Esquires may be theoretically divided into five classes:
The younger sons of peers and their eldest sons.
The eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons.
The chiefs of ancient families are esquires by prescription.
Esquires by creation or office. Such the heralds and serjeants at arms and some others, who are constituted esquires by receiving a collar of SS. Judges and other officers of state, justices of the peace, and the higher naval and military officers are designated esquires in their patents or commissions. Doctors in the several faculties, and barristers at law, are considered as esquires, or equal to esquires. None, however, of these offices or degrees convey gentility to the posterity of their holders.
the last kind of esquires are those of knights of the bath; each knight appoints two to attend upon him at his installation and at coronations.
Modern definition[edit]
Oxford Dictionaries currently provides for the following definition of Esquire:[18]
British: A polite title appended to a man’s name when no other title is used, typically in the address of a letter or other documents: J. C. Pearson Esquire.
North American (chiefly US): A title appended to the surname of a lawyer (of either sex).
Historical:
A young nobleman who, in training for knighthood, acted as an attendant to a knight.
an officer in the service of a king or nobleman.
a landed proprietor or country squire: the lord of the manor, Richard Bethell Esquire.
Misuse[edit]
By the end of the 16th century, the pretentious use of the title, especially in its Latin form, Armiger, was being mocked by Shakespeare in his character Robert Shallow, esquire, a Justice of the Peace:
...a gentleman born, master parson; who writes himself "Armigero," in any bill, warrant, quittance, or obligation, "Armigero."
To which Shallow directly replies:
Ay, that I do; and have done any time these three hundred years.
—  William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act I, Scene I
Other criteria[edit]
Nineteenth century tables of precedence further distinguished between "esquires by birth" and "esquires by office" (and likewise for "gentleman").[citation needed] Today the term "gentleman" is still found in official tables of precedence, and it invariably means a person who is an armiger with no higher rank or a descendant of someone who has borne arms. An English use of the term is to distinguish between men of the upper and lower gentry, who are "esquires" and "gentlemen" respectively, which still applies in terms of the official Order of Precedence.[19] Examples of this may be found in the Parish Tithe Map Schedules made under the Tithe Commutation Act 1836.[20] Later examples appear in the list of subscribers to The History of Elton, by the Rev. Rose Fuller Whistler, published in 1892, which distinguishes between subscribers designated Mr (another way of indicating gentlemen) and those allowed Esquire.
But formal definitions like these were proposed because there was, in reality, no fixed criterion distinguishing those designated esquire: it was essentially a matter of impression as to whether a person qualified for this status. William Segar, Garter King of Arms (the senior officer of arms at the College of Arms), wrote in 1602: "And who so can make proofe, that his Ancestors or himselfe, have had Armes, or can procure them by purchase, may be called Armiger or Esquier." Honor military, and civill (1602; lib. 4, cap. 15, p. 228). (By Armes he referred to a coat of arms; it is not clear from this quotation whether Segar made a distinction between esquires and gentlemen.) For example, Lords of the Manor hold the rank of esquire by prescription.[21][22]
Although esquire is the English translation of the French écuyer, the latter indicated legal membership in the nobilities of ancien régime France and contemporaneous Belgium, whereas an esquire belongs to the British gentry rather than to its nobility, albeit that the term "gentry" in England came to be used to describe what is elsewhere labelled the untitled nobility.[23] Écuyer in French (11th to 14th century) means "shield-bearer", a knight in training, age 14 to 21. In the later stages of the Middle Ages, the cost of the adoubement or accolade became too high for many noblemen to bear. They stayed écuyers all their lives, making that title synonymous with "nobleman" or "gentleman".
Modern British usage[edit]
The most common occurrence of term "esquire" today is in the addition of the suffix "Esq." in order to pay an informal compliment to a male recipient by way of implying gentle birth. There remain respected protocols for identifying those to whom it is thought most proper that the suffix should be given, especially in very formal or in official circumstances.
The breadth of Esquire (as Esq.) had become universal in the United Kingdom by the mid 20th century, with no distinction in status being perceived between Mr and Esquire. Esquire was used generally as the default title for all men who did not have a grander title when addressing correspondence, with letters addressed using the name in initial format (e.g., K.S. Smith, Esq.) but Mr being used as the form of address (e.g. Dear Mr Smith). In the 1970s, the use of Esq. started to decline, and by the end of the 20th century most people had stopped using it and changed to using Mr instead. Esq. is generally considered to be old-fashioned but is still used by some traditional individuals and organisations such as Christie's and Berry Bros. & Rudd. British men invited to Buckingham Palace receive their invitations in an envelope with the suffix Esq. after their names, while men of foreign nationalities instead have the prefix Mr (women are addressed as Miss, Ms, or Mrs).[24] The same practice applies for other post from the palace (e.g., to employees).
In Scotland[edit]
Esquire is historically a feudal designation in Scotland. Today, the title of esquire is defined as a social dignity that refers to people of the Scottish gentry, who hold the next position in the Order of Precedence above Gentlemen. It is also used as a common courtesy in correspondence. Traditionally, this was one who was classified as a 'cadet for knighthood'. Today, the title of esquire is not bestowed on gentlemen, although certain positions carry with them the degree of esquire, such as that of advocate or Justice of the Peace. Whether an armiger is a gentleman, an esquire, or of a higher rank can be told by the type of helm depicted on the Letters Patent granting or matriculating the arms. In Scots Heraldry, Sir Thomas Innes of Learney makes clear that a gentleman's helm is a closed pot helm, in plain steel, with no gold, whereas an esquire's helm can be a steel pot helm garnished in gold or a helmet with a closed visor garnished in gold.[25][26] The Court of the Lord Lyon will display the helm appropriate to their "degree", or social rank, in the illustration on the Letters Patent.
The definition of Esquire today includes:
1. The male primogeniture descendant of a knight (with or without Scottish Arms),[27]
2. Scottish Armigers recognised with a Territorial Designation within their Letters Patent,[28] frequently described as a Laird,[29] which is taken to infer the rank of Esquire.[30] Lairds with a territorial designation recognised by the Court of the Lord Lyon would not use the post nominal letters of "Esq." after their name, as the use of the territorial designation infers the rank of esquire.
3. Male Scottish Clan Chiefs recognized by the Court of the Lord Lyon (with Scottish Arms) who are not feudal barons, or a Peer.[31]
4. Those other Armigers recognised in the degree of Esquire via the helm indicated in their Letters Patent as per the guidance mentioned above.
There is some confusion over the fact that the Lord Lyon King of Arms addresses correspondents by their name followed by "Esq." in correspondence, namely on letters. Some people erroneously believe that this makes them an Esquire, however this is a common courtesy in Scotland, as in the rest of Britain, and does not constitute official recognition in the degree of an Esquire. The Scottish courts have confirmed that the base degree in which an Armiger is recognised is the dignity of Gentleman, not Esquire.[32]
In feudal times an Esquire was an Armour-Bearer, attendant upon a Knight, but bearing his own unique armorial device.[33] Similarly, an Armiger in contemporary terms is well-defined within the jurisdiction of Scotland as someone who is an Armour-Bearer. These two senses of "Armour-Bearer" are different: An Esquire in feudal times was an "Armour-Bearer" in the sense of being the person who carried their knight's armour for them; whereas in the contemporary sense the term "Armour-Bearer" is being used to mean the bearer of a Coat of Arms, an Armiger. The two are not the same thing, although the feudal Esquire would also most likely have been an Armiger. For centuries the title of Esquire has not been bestowed on a Knight's Attendee (since knights no longer need to train for battle). Attendants on Knights, however, were not the only bearers of arms, and similarly not all Armigers were Esquires. Today, being an Armiger is synonymous with the title of Gentleman within the Order of Precedence in Scotland,[34] and is a social dignity. The Letters Patent of Scottish Armigers will never include the title of Gentleman, because the Letters Patent themselves evidence the individual is an Armour-Bearer, or Gentleman by the strictest sense of the definition. A Scottish Armiger is a Gentleman or Gentlewoman unless they hold a higher rank.
Scottish Armigers are those individuals with a hereditary right, grant or matriculation of Arms so entitling them to use personal Arms by the Court of the Lord Lyon (Ref. Scottish Heraldry). The bearing of duly registered Arms is an indication of nobility (either peerage or non-peerage in rank).[35] All Scottish Armigers are recognised as members of the nobility in the broader sense through their grant or matriculation of Arms awarded by the Crown or Sovereign through the Court of the Lord Lyon, and by issuance of a Warrant from the Lord Lyon King of Arms is so entered in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland and through later official "Ensigns of Nobility".[36][37] Without such legal Arms it is practically impossible to prove one's nobiliary status.[38][39] "Technically, a grant of arms from the Lord Lyon is a patent of nobility (also referred to a 'Diploma of Nobility'); the Grantee is thereby 'enrolled with all nobles in the noblesse of Scotland.',[40] however the term "nobility" today is little used in this context, as in common parlance in Britain the term is widely associated with the Peerage. Instead the French term of Noblesse[41] has been used by the Court of the Lord Lyon as this term not only includes Peers but also the non-Peerage minor-nobility, which includes Baronets, Knights, feudal Barons, Armigers with Territorial Designations, Esquires, and Gentlemen.
Usage in the United States[edit]
In the legal profession[edit]
In the U.S., the title Esquire is commonly encountered among members of the legal profession.[9] The term is used for both male and female lawyers.[42] The title is not allocated by the law of any state to any profession, class, or station in society[9]
Diplomatic use[edit]
Similarly, when addressing social correspondence to a commissioned officer of the United States Foreign Service, Esquire may be used as a complimentary title. While the abbreviated Esq. is correct, Esquire is typically written in full when addressing a diplomat.[43][44] If any other titles are used on the same line, Esquire is omitted.
In fraternal groups[edit]
Some fraternal groups use the Esquire title. One appendant body in Freemasonry also uses Esquire as a degree title.[45]
Use of honorifics and post-nominals[edit]
Honorifics are not used with courtesy titles, so John Smith, Esq. or Mr John Smith would be correct, but Mr John Smith, Esq. would be incorrect.[46]
When addressing a person who has an academic degree or other post-nominal professional designation, such as a Certified Public Accountant, a writer should use either the post-nominal designation (usually abbreviated) or the Esq., but not both; as Esquire is a courtesy title, it should not be used with post-nominals.[47]
Usage in India[edit]
Before 1947, the term Esquire was used by most senior government officers, especially the former members of the Indian Civil Service and the rest of the higher services of the Imperial Civil Services. The term was used by members of the anglicised segments of the Indian society who could join the government services. In keeping with the criteria established centuries earlier, the title was mostly used by government officials who could claim to have received their legal education in England, especially in Oxford, Cambridge University, or University of London and had become barristers in London.[48]
See also[edit]
English honorifics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "British English: Esquire". Collins Dictionary. n.d. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "American English: Esquire". Collins Dictionary. n.d. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
Jump up ^ 'esquire, n.1' and 'esq., n.1.3.a.': Oxford English Dictionary Online: Accessed October 4, 2011 00:41BST
Jump up ^ Blackstone, William (1826). Commentaries on the Laws of England, Volume 1 - Commentaries on the Laws of England, Joseph Chitty. William Blackstone. p. 405-406 - Chapter XII - Of The Civil State.
Jump up ^ The Popular Encyclopedia: Being a General Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, Biography, History, and Political Economy, Volume 1. Blackie & Son, 1841. 1841. p. 698.
Jump up ^ esquire. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 3 May. 2010. [Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/esquire].
Jump up ^ Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (1991).
Jump up ^ Order of Precedence Amongst Gentlemen in England and Wales [Debrett's http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/hierarchies/precedence-amongst-gentlemen-england-and-wales].
^ Jump up to: a b c Thompson, Katheryn A. Tussle Over Titles, ABA Journal, January 2006.
Jump up ^ Maclean, Sir John; Heane, W.C., eds. (1885). The Visitation of the County of Gloucester, taken in the year 1623, by Henry Chitty and John Phillipot as deputies to William Camden, Clarenceux King of Arms; with pedigrees from the heralds’ visitation of 1569 and 1582-3, and sundry miscellaneous pedigrees. Harleian Society, 1st ser. 21. London, pp. 197-199.
Jump up ^ "Esquires." Debretts. Archived from the original. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
Jump up ^ Sir Edward Coke, Institutes vol. 2, p. 688.
Jump up ^ As quoted or paraphrased from Weevers Antient Funeral Monuments by John Prince (1643–1723) in his Worthies of Devon (1810 edition, p. 236).
Jump up ^ Burn, Richard; Chitty, J.; Black, Philip. The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer (1975 reprint). pp. 884–885.
Jump up ^ Burn, Richard. The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, Vol. II, pp. 540–541.
Jump up ^ Boutell, Charles (1899) English Heraldry, page 120; see also [1], page 120.
Jump up ^ Parker, James (1894). A Glossary of Terms used in Heraldry; see also [2]
Jump up ^ Oxford Dictionaries Definition of Esquire; see
Jump up ^ http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/hierarchies/table-of-precedence-gentlemen.aspx Table of Precedence of Gentlemen in England and Wales, Debrett's
Jump up ^ "Tithes - The National Archives". The National Archives.
Jump up ^ Young, John H. (1881) Our Deportment, Or the Manners, Conduct and Dress of the Most Refined Society; Including Forms for Letters, Invitations, Etc., Etc. Also, Valuable Suggestions on Home Culture and Training. F. B. Dickerson & Co./Pennsylvania Publishing House/Union Publishing House. Detroit, Mich./Harrisburgh, Pa./Chicago, Ill.
Jump up ^ Dodd, Charles R. (1843) A manual of dignities, privilege, and precedence: including lists of the great public functionaries, from the revolution to the present time. London: Whittaker & Co., p. 248.
Jump up ^ Esquire, Penny cyclopedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, vol. 9-10, p. 13, accessed online on 12 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Hardman, Robert (2007-11-29). "Fountain of Honour". Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work. Druck, Wemding, Germany: Ebury Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-09-191842-2. British men have 'Esq.' after their name [...] whereas all men from overseas are called 'Mr'
Jump up ^ Innes of Learney, Thomas (1978). Scots Heraldry. London & Edinburgh: Johnston & Bacon. p. 17.
Jump up ^ Kidd, C.; Williamson, D. (2000). Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage. London: Macmillan. p. 53.
Jump up ^ "The Sovereign Military Order of Malta". Retrieved 18 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Court of the Lord Lyon -".
Jump up ^ "The Court of the Lord Lyon -".
Jump up ^ Adam, F. (1934). The Clans, Septs & Regiments of the Scottish Highlands. W. & A.K. Johnston. p. 410. Retrieved 2012-12-15.
Jump up ^ D.Ayre, N.Livingstone &. "Table of Precedence". www.scotsbarons.org. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
Jump up ^ "Opinion of the Court — delivered by Lord Marnoch". Court of Session. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
Jump up ^ Dictionary of Chivalry, Uden. Kestrel Books, Harmondsworth 1968 ISBN 0722653727
Jump up ^ "Precedence Amongst Gentlemen in Scotland".
Jump up ^ Edmondson, Complete Body of Heraldry, p. 154.
Jump up ^ Nisbet's Heraldry, iii, ii, 65.
Jump up ^ Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, Scots Heraldry, p. 20.
Jump up ^ Innes of Learney, Sir Thomas - Lord Lyon King of Arms.
Jump up ^ Scots Heraldry, 2nd ed. [1956] p. 20f; 3rd ed. [1978] p. 13.
Jump up ^ Burnett, Charles J (Ross Herald Extraordinary) and Dennis, Mark D. (Ormond Pursuivant Scotland's Heraldic Heritage); The Lion Rejoicing The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, 1997.
Jump up ^ Innes of Learney, T. (1956) Scots Heraldry, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., p. 22.
Jump up ^ Jones, Brenda. Forms of Address Including Use of "Esquire", Beeson Law Library Newsletter, Cumberland School of Law, 2 February 2002.
Jump up ^ McCaffree, Mary Jane; Innis, Pauline; Sand, Esquire, Richard M. (2002). Protocol: The Complete Handbook of Diplomatic, Official and Social Usage (25th Anniversary (3rd) ed.). Dallas, Texas: Durban House Publishing Company. ISBN 1-930754-18-3.
Jump up ^ "Appendix VIII. Protocol and Forms of Address". UMW Style Guide. University of Mary Washington. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "York Rite Allied Invitational Bodies".
Jump up ^ Guide to Addressing Correspondence, The Emily Post Institute, last accessed 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ [3][better source needed]
Jump up ^ The Popular Encyclopedia: Being a General Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, Biography, History, and Political Economy, Volume 1. Blackie & Son, 1841. 1841. p. 698.
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