text:
Ethiopian Highlands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ethiopian Highlands
The Semien Mountains with the tallest peak Ras Dashen (4,550 m) in the Ethiopian Highlands are a World Heritage Site and include the Semien Mountains National Park
Highest point
Elevation
4,550 m (14,930 ft)
Parent peak
Mount Tullu Demtu
Geography
Topographic map
Location
Ethiopia
Geology
Age of rock
75 million years
Mountain type
Mountain range
The Ethiopian Highlands is a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia, situated in the Horn region in Northeast Africa. It forms the largest continuous area of its altitude in the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1500 m (4,921 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4550 m (14,928 ft). It is sometimes called the Roof of Africa due to its height and large area.[1] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands are part of central and northern Ethiopia, and its northernmost portion reaches into Eritrea.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Physical geography
3 Geology
4 Climate
5 Ecology
6 Fauna
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
A coffee cup from the era of the Kaffa Kingdom
In the southern parts of the Ethiopian Highlands once was located the Kingdom of Kaffa, a medieval early modern state, whence the coffee plant was exported to the Arabian peninsula. The land of the former kingdom is mountainous with stretches of forest. The land is very fertile, capable of three harvests a year. The term "coffee" derives from the Arabic qahwah ( قهوة)[2] and is traced to Kaffa.[2][3]
Physical geography[edit]
The Highlands are divided into northwestern and southeastern portions by the Main Ethiopian Rift, which contains a number of salt lakes. The northwestern portion, which covers the Tigray and Amhara Regions, includes the Semien Mountains, part of which has been designated the Semien Mountains National Park. Its summit, Ras Dashan (4550 m), is the highest peak in Ethiopia. Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile, also lies in the northwestern portion of the Ethiopian Highlands.
The southeastern portion's highest peaks are located in the Bale Zone of Ethiopia's Oromia Region. The Bale Mountains, also designated a national park, are nearly as high as those of Semien. The range includes peaks of over 4000 m. Among these are Mount Tullu Demtu (4337 m), which is the second-highest peak in Ethiopia, and Mount Batu (4307 m).
Most of the country's major cities are located at elevations of around 2,000–2,500 m (6,562–8,202 ft) above sea level, including historic capitals such as Gondar and Axum.
Geology[edit]
Dendi Caldera, a collapsed volcano in the mountain region
The Ethiopian Highlands began to rise 75 million years ago[citation needed], as magma from the Earth's mantle uplifted a broad dome of the ancient rocks of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. The opening of the Great Rift Valley split the dome of the Ethiopian Highlands into three parts; the mountains of the southern Arabian Peninsula are geologically part of the ancient Ethiopian Highlands, separated by the rifting which created the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and separated Africa from Arabia.
Around 30 million years ago, a flood basalt plateau began to form, piling layers upon layers of voluminous fissure-fed basaltic lava flows. Most of the flows were tholeiitic, save for a thin layer of alkali basalts and minor amounts of felsic (high-silica) volcanic rocks, such as rhyolite. In the waning stages of the flood basalt episode, large explosive caldera-forming eruptions also occurred.
The Ethiopian Highlands were eventually bisected by the Great Rift Valley as the African continental crust pulled apart. This rifting gave rise to large alkaline basalt shield volcanoes beginning about 30–31 million years ago.[4]
Climate[edit]
Main article: Climate of Ethiopia
The predominant climate type of the Ethiopian Highlands is tropical monsoon, and have a climate which is generally considerably cooler than other regions at similar proximity to the Equator.
Ecology[edit]
Ethiopian Highlands with Ras Dashan in the background
Because the highlands elevate Ethiopia, located close to the equator, this has resulted in giving this country an unexpectedly temperate climate. Further, these mountains catch the precipitation of the monsoon winds of the Indian Ocean, resulting in a rainy season that lasts from June until mid-September.[5] These heavy rains cause the Nile to flood in the summer, a phenomenon that puzzled the ancient Greeks, as the summer is the driest season in the Mediterranean climate that they knew.
The Ethiopian Highlands share a similar flora and fauna of other mountainous regions of Africa; this distinctive flora and fauna is known as Afromontane but from the time of the last Ice Age has been populated with some Eurasian (palearctic) flora. The habitats are somewhat different on either side of the Great Rift Valley that splits the highlands.
At lower elevations, the highlands are surrounded by tropical savannas and grasslands, including the Sahelian Acacia savanna to the northwest, the East Sudanian Savanna to the west, and the Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets to the northeast, east, south, and through the Rift Valley.
The highlands themselves are divided into three distinct ecoregions, distinguished by elevation. The Ethiopian montane forests lie between 1,100 and 1,800 meters elevation, above the lowland grasslands and savannas and extends to areas of similar habitat in Eritrea, Sudan, and Djibouti. This woodland belt has several natural plant communities, but has mostly been heavily grazed and converted to agricultural use now. Kolla, is an open woodland found at lower elevations, and dominated by species of Terminalia, Commiphora, Boswellia, and Acacia. Weyna dega is a woodland found in moister and higher locations, dominated by the conifers Afrocarpus gracilior and Juniperus procera. The lower portion of the Harenna Forest is a distinct woodland community, with an open canopy of Warburgia ugandensis, Croton macrostachyus, and Syzygium guineese, and Afrocarpus gracilior, with wild coffee (Coffea arabica) as the dominant understory shrub. The southwesterly winds bring rainfall from May to October with moisture from the Red Sea coming in from the east year round. Fauna at these elevations includes the endemic Harwood's francolin (Francolinus harwoodi), Prince Ruspoli's turaco (Tauraco ruspolii) and yellow-throated seedeater (Serinus flavigula), along with the Djibouti francolin (Francolinus ochropectus) in the Djibouti hills that are in the same general ecoregion.[6]
The Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands is the largest of the highland ecoregions, occupying the area between 1800 and 3000 meters elevations. The natural vegetation was closed-canopy forest in moister areas, and grassland, bushland, and thicket in drier areas. However these hillsides have good fertile soil and are heavily populated, largely by farming communities so most of the region has been converted to agriculture with a few areas of natural vegetation remaining. Urban areas in this ecoregion include: Ethiopia's capital city and Africa's fourth largest city Addis Ababa, the Amhara Region capital Bahir Dar with its island monasteries on Lake Tana, the old walled city of Harar, the spa town of Ambo, Asella in the Arsi Zone, the trekking center of Dodola, the lakeside Debre Zeyit, the largest city in the southwest Jimma, the market town of Nekemte, and the capital of the Tigray Region, Mek'ele. Awash National Park is a site for birdwatching.
Remaining woodland in the drier areas contains much endemic flora and primarily consists of Podocarpus conifers and Juniperus procera, often with Hagenia abyssinica. In the Harenna Forest, pockets of moist, closed-canopy forest with Pouteria and Olea are draped with lianas and epiphytes, while above 2400 metres, a shrubby zone is home to Hagenia, Schefflera, and giant lobelias (Lobelia gibberroa), species which can be found on the East African mountains further south. The evergreen broadleaved forest of the Semien Mountains, between 2,300 and 2,700 meters elevation, is dominated by Syzygium guineense, Juniperus procera, and Olea africana.
As the lower slopes of the mountains are so heavily populated even the high altitude moorlands are affected by human interference, such as the grazing of livestock and even farming. There are two protected areas of high moorland: Bale Mountains National Park in the southern highlands, accessible from Dinsho; and Semien Mountains National Park, accessible from Gondar, which includes Ras Dashen. However even these parks are losing habitat to livestock grazing, while the lower elevation parks (Harar Wildlife Sanctuary, Awash National Park, Omo National Park, and Nechisar National Park) are even less secure.
Fauna[edit]
These slopes are home to a number of endemic reptiles, birds and animals including the endangered walia ibex (Capra walie) and the gelada baboon, whose thick fur allows it to thrive in the cooler climates of the mountains. These two species are only found on the northern side of the valley while another rare endemic the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) is restricted to the southern side, and now survives at higher altitudes than its original habitat as the lower slopes are heavily farmed. More widespread mammals found here include the mantled guereza (Colobus guereza), which is also threatened as its habitat disappears as is that of many other mammals of the highlands such as olive baboon (Papio anubis), Egyptian wolf (Canis aureus lupaster), African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus), East African lion (Panthera leo melanochaita), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), caracal (Caracal caracal), serval (Felis serval), common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) and red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus). Birds include Rueppell's chat, the finch Ankober serin (Serinus ankoberensis), white-winged flufftail (Sarothrura ayresi), and blue-winged goose. The farmland is home to many butterflies, especially Papilio, Charaxinae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae.
Above 3000 meters elevation lie the high Ethiopian montane moorlands, the largest afroalpine region in Africa. The montane moorlands lie above the tree line, and consist of grassland and moorland with abundant herbs and some shrubs that have adapted to the high mountain conditions. There are several endemic animal species one of which, the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), is critically endangered. Other endemics include the big-headed mole-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) which is common on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains. The mountain nyala finds its way up to the high moorlands although it is more common at lower elevations. Wintering birds include wigeon (Anas penelope), shoveler (Anas clypeata), ruff (Philomachus pugnax) and greenshank (Tringa nebularia).
Other fauna in the area also includes aardvark, eagle, Ethiopian wolf, Egyptian wolf, gelada, secretary bird, Nubian ibex, and marabou stork and Ethiopian endemic species such as the shrew, Crocidura harenna and the narrow-footed woodland mouse (Grammomys minnae) and Menelik’s bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki), which is a subspecies with long, dark fur.
See also[edit]
Geography of Ethiopia
Wildlife of Ethiopia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 2.
^ Jump up to: a b Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "coffee, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1891.
Jump up ^ Weinberg & Bealer 2001, p. 25
Jump up ^ January 2005: The Ethiopian Large Igneous Province
Jump up ^ An explanation of this unusual rain pattern can be found at Ethiopia: Drought intensifies during corn and sorghum harvest (ReliefWeb)
Jump up ^ http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0112
External links[edit]
"Ethiopian montane forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
"Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
"Ethiopian montane moorlands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme
[show]
v
t
e
List of ecoregions in Africa
Sovereign states
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
States with limited
recognition
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Somaliland
Dependencies and
other territories
Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla / (see also plazas de soberanía) (Spain)
Madeira (Portugal)
Mayotte / Réunion (France)
Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
Western Sahara
[show]
v
t
e
Major African geological formations
Plates
African Plate
Somali Plate
Madagascar Plate
Seychelles Plate
Cratons and shields
Arabian-Nubian Shield
Congo Craton
Kaapvaal Craton
Kalahari Craton
Saharan Metacraton
Tanzania Craton
Tuareg Shield
West African Craton
Zimbabwe Craton
Shear zones
Aswa Dislocation
Broodkop Shear Zone
Central African Shear Zone
Chuan Shear Zones
Foumban Shear Zone
Kandi Fault Zone
Mwembeshi Shear Zone
Todi Shear Zone
Western Meseta Shear Zone
Orogens
Alpide Orogen
Cape Fold Belt
Damara Orogen
East African Orogen
Eburnean Orogen
Gondwanide Orogen
Kibaran Orogen
Kuunga Orogen
Mauritanide Belt
Pan-African orogens
Terra Australis Orogen
Rifts
Afar Triangle
Anza trough
Bahr el Arab rift
Benue Trough
Blue Nile rift
East African Rift
Gulf of Suez Rift
Lamu Embayment
Melut Basin
Muglad Basin
Red Sea Rift
Sangha Aulacogen
Atbara rift
White Nile rift
Sedimentary basins
Angola Basin
Aoukar
Blue Nile Basin
Chad Basin
Congo Basin
Douala Basin
El Djouf
Foreland Karoo Basin
Gabon Basin
Iullemmeden Basin
Kufra Basin
Murzuq Basin
Niger Delta Basin
Ogaden Basin
Orange River basin
Ouled Abdoun Basin
Owambo Basin
Reggane Basin
Rio del Rey Basin
Sirte Basin
Somali Coastal Basin
Taoudeni basin
Tanzania Coastal Basin
Tindouf Basin
Turkana Basin
Mountain ranges
Aïr Mountains
Atlas Mountains
Aurès Mountains
Bambouk Mountains
Blue Mountains
Cameroon line
Central Pangean Mountains
Chaillu Mountains
Drakensberg
Ethiopian Highlands
East African mountains
Great Escarpment
Great Karas Mountains
Guinée forestière
Imatong Mountains
Jebel Uweinat
Loma Mountains
Mandara Mountains
Marrah Mountains
Mitumba Mountains
Nuba Mountains
Rif Mountains
Rwenzori Mountains
Sankwala Mountains
Serra da Leba
Serra da Chela
Teffedest Mountains
Tibesti Mountains
[show]
v
t
e
Large igneous provinces
Agulhas Plateau (Northeast Georgia Rise, Maud Rise)
Brazilian Highlands
Caribbean
Central Atlantic
Circum-Superior
Columbia River
Deccan
Emeishan
Ethiopian and Yemen Highlands
Franklin (Franklin dike swarm)
High Arctic (Sverdrup Basin)
Karoo-Ferrar
Kerguelen (Broken Ridge)
Marathon
Keweenawan
Long Range
Mackenzie (Coppermine River
Mackenzie dike swarm)
Matachewan
Mistassini
North Atlantic
Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi
Panjal
Paraná and Etendeka
Shatsky
Siberian
Skagerrak
Ungava
Winagami
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of the world
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Africa
Central Africa
Guinea region
Gulf of Guinea
Cape Lopez
Mayombe
Igboland
Mbaise
Maputaland
Pool Malebo
Congo Basin
Chad Basin
Congolese rainforests
Ouaddaï highlands
Ennedi Plateau
East Africa
African Great Lakes
Albertine Rift
East African Rift
Great Rift Valley
Gregory Rift
Rift Valley lakes
Swahili coast
Virunga Mountains
Zanj
Horn of Africa
Afar Triangle
Al-Habash
Barbara
Danakil Alps
Danakil Desert
Ethiopian Highlands
Gulf of Aden
Gulf of Tadjoura
Indian Ocean islands
Comoros Islands
North Africa
Maghreb
Barbary Coast
Bashmur
Ancient Libya
Atlas Mountains
Nile Valley
Cataracts of the Nile
Darfur
Gulf of Aqaba
Lower Egypt
Lower Nubia
Middle Egypt
Nile Delta
Nuba Mountains
Nubia
The Sudans
Upper Egypt
Western Sahara
West Africa
Pepper Coast
Gold Coast
Slave Coast
Ivory Coast
Cape Palmas
Cape Mesurado
Guinea region
Gulf of Guinea
Niger Basin
Guinean Forests of West Africa
Niger Delta
Inner Niger Delta
Southern Africa
Madagascar
Central Highlands (Madagascar)
Northern Highlands
Rhodesia
North
South
Thembuland
Succulent Karoo
Nama Karoo
Bushveld
Highveld
Fynbos
Cape Floristic Region
Kalahari Desert
Okavango Delta
False Bay
Hydra Bay
Macro-regions
Aethiopia
Arab world
Commonwealth realm
East African montane forests
Eastern Desert
Equatorial Africa
Françafrique
Gibraltar Arc
Greater Middle East
Islands of Africa
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
Mediterranean Basin
MENA
Middle East
Mittelafrika
Negroland
Northeast Africa
Portuguese-speaking African countries
Sahara
Sahel
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sudan (region)
Sudanian Savanna
Tibesti Mountains
Tropical Africa
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of North America
Canada
Eastern Canada
Western Canada
Canadian Prairies
Central Canada
Northern Canada
Atlantic Canada
The Maritimes
French Canada
English Canada
Acadia
Acadian Peninsula
Quebec City–Windsor Corridor
Peace River Country
Cypress Hills
Palliser's Triangle
Canadian Shield
Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
Newfoundland (island)
Vancouver island
Gulf Islands
Strait of Georgia
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Labrador Peninsula
Gaspé Peninsula
Avalon Peninsula
Bay de Verde Peninsula
Brodeur Peninsula
Melville Peninsula
Bruce Peninsula
Banks Peninsula (Nunavut)
Cook Peninsula
Gulf of Boothia
Georgian Bay
Hudson Bay
James Bay
Greenland
United States
Pacific Northwest
Inland Northwest
Northeast
New England
Mid-Atlantic
Commonwealth
West
Midwest
Upper Midwest
Mountain States
Intermountain West
Basin and Range Province
Oregon Trail
Mormon Corridor
Calumet Region
Southwest
Old Southwest
Llano Estacado
Frontier Strip
Central United States
Tallgrass prairie
South
South Central
Deep South
Upland South
Four Corners
East Coast
West Coast
Gulf Coast
Third Coast
Coastal states
Eastern United States
Appalachia
Trans-Mississippi
Great North Woods
Great Plains
Interior Plains
Great Lakes
Great Basin
Great Basin Desert
Acadia
Ozarks
Ark-La-Tex
Waxhaws
Siouxland
Twin Tiers
Driftless Area
Palouse
Piedmont
Atlantic coastal plain
Outer Lands
Black Dirt Region
Blackstone Valley
Piney Woods
Rocky Mountains
Mojave Desert
The Dakotas
The Carolinas
Shawnee Hills
San Fernando Valley
Tornado Alley
North Coast
Lost Coast
Emerald Triangle
San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay
North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
Silicon Valley
Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
Gulf of Mexico
Lower Colorado River Valley
Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta
Colville Delta
Arkansas Delta
Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
Mississippi Delta
Mississippi River Delta
Columbia River Estuary
Great Basin
High Desert
Monterey Peninsula
Upper Peninsula of Michigan
Lower Peninsula of Michigan
Virginia Peninsula
Keweenaw Peninsula
Middle Peninsula
Delmarva Peninsula
Alaska Peninsula
Kenai Peninsula
Niagara Peninsula
Beringia
Belt regions
Bible Belt
Black Belt
Corn Belt
Cotton Belt
Frost Belt
Rice Belt
Rust Belt
Sun Belt
Snow Belt
Mexico
Northern Mexico
Baja California Peninsula
Gulf of California
Colorado River Delta
Gulf of Mexico
Soconusco
Tierra Caliente
La Mixteca
La Huasteca
Bajío
Valley of Mexico
Mezquital Valley
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
Yucatán Peninsula
Basin and Range Province
Central
Western Caribbean Zone
Isthmus of Panama
Gulf of Panama
Pearl Islands
Azuero Peninsula
Mosquito Coast
Caribbean
West Indies
Antilles
Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
Leeward
Leeward Antilles
Windward
Lucayan Archipelago
Southern Caribbean
Aridoamerica
Mesoamerica
Oasisamerica
Northern
Middle
Anglo
Latin
French
Hispanic
American Cordillera
Ring of Fire
LAC
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of South America
North
Caribbean South America
West Indies
Los Llanos
The Guianas
Amazon basin
Amazon rainforest
Gulf of Paria
Paria Peninsula
Paraguaná Peninsula
Orinoco Delta
South
Tierra del Fuego
Patagonia
Pampas
Pantanal
Gran Chaco
Chiquitano dry forests
Valdes Peninsula
West
Andes
Tropical Andes
Wet Andes
Dry Andes
Pariacaca mountain range
Altiplano
Atacama Desert
East
Amazon basin
Atlantic Forest
Caatinga
Cerrado
Latin
Hispanic
American Cordillera
Ring of Fire
LAC
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Asia
Central
Greater Middle East
Aral Sea
Aralkum Desert
Caspian Sea
Dead Sea
Sea of Galilee
Transoxiana
Turan
Greater Khorasan
Ariana
Khwarezm
Sistan
Kazakhstania
Eurasian Steppe
Asian Steppe
Kazakh Steppe
Pontic–Caspian steppe
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
Wild Fields
Yedisan
Muravsky Trail
Ural
Ural Mountains
Volga region
Idel-Ural
Kolyma
Transbaikal
Pryazovia
Bjarmaland
Kuban
Zalesye
Ingria
Novorossiya
Gornaya Shoriya
Tulgas
Iranian Plateau
Altai Mountains
Pamir Mountains
Tian Shan
Badakhshan
Wakhan Corridor
Wakhjir Pass
Mount Imeon
Mongolian Plateau
Western Regions
Taklamakan Desert
Karakoram
Trans-Karakoram Tract
Siachen Glacier
North
Inner Asia
Northeast
Far East
Russian Far East
Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
Extreme North
Siberia
Baikalia (Lake Baikal)
Transbaikal
Khatanga Gulf
Baraba steppe
Kamchatka Peninsula
Amur Basin
Yenisei Gulf
Yenisei Basin
Beringia
Sikhote-Alin
East
Japanese archipelago
Northeastern Japan Arc
Sakhalin Island Arc
Korean Peninsula
Gobi Desert
Taklamakan Desert
Greater Khingan
Mongolian Plateau
Inner Asia
Inner Mongolia
Outer Mongolia
China proper
Manchuria
Outer Manchuria
Inner Manchuria
Northeast China Plain
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
North China Plain
Yan Mountains
Kunlun Mountains
Liaodong Peninsula
Himalayas
Tibetan Plateau
Tibet
Tarim Basin
Northern Silk Road
Hexi Corridor
Nanzhong
Lingnan
Liangguang
Jiangnan
Jianghuai
Guanzhong
Huizhou
Wu
Jiaozhou
Zhongyuan
Shaannan
Ordos Loop
Loess Plateau
Shaanbei
Hamgyong Mountains
Central Mountain Range
Japanese Alps
Suzuka Mountains
Leizhou Peninsula
Gulf of Tonkin
Yangtze River Delta
Pearl River Delta
Yenisei Basin
Altai Mountains
Wakhan Corridor
Wakhjir Pass
West
Greater Middle East
MENA
Middle East
Red Sea
Caspian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Zagros Mountains
Persian Gulf
Pirate Coast
Strait of Hormuz
Greater and Lesser Tunbs
Al-Faw Peninsula
Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Aqaba
Gulf of Aden
Balochistan
Arabian Peninsula
Najd
Hejaz
Tihamah
Eastern Arabia
South Arabia
Hadhramaut
Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert
Tigris–Euphrates
Mesopotamia
Upper Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia
Sawad
Nineveh plains
Akkad (region)
Babylonia
Canaan
Aram
Eber-Nari
Suhum
Eastern Mediterranean
Mashriq
Kurdistan
Levant
Southern Levant
Transjordan
Jordan Rift Valley
Levantine Sea
Golan Heights
Hula Valley
Gaza Strip
West Bank
Galilee
Gilead
Judea
Samaria
Arabah
Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Sinai Peninsula
Arabian Desert
Syrian Desert
Fertile Crescent
Azerbaijan
Syria
Palestine
Iranian Plateau
Armenian Highlands
Caucasus
Caucasus Mountains
Greater Caucasus
Lesser Caucasus
North Caucasus
South Caucasus
Kur-Araz Lowland
Lankaran Lowland
Alborz
Absheron Peninsula
Anatolia
Cilicia
Cappadocia
Alpide belt
South
Greater India
Indian subcontinent
Himalayas
Hindu Kush
Western Ghats
Eastern Ghats
Ganges Basin
Ganges Delta
Pashtunistan
Punjab
Balochistan
Kashmir
Kashmir Valley
Pir Panjal Range
Thar Desert
Indus Valley
Indus River Delta
Indus Valley Desert
Indo-Gangetic Plain
Eastern coastal plains
Western Coastal Plains
Meghalaya subtropical forests
Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Doab
Bagar tract
Great Rann of Kutch
Little Rann of Kutch
Deccan Plateau
Coromandel Coast
Konkan
False Divi Point
Hindi Belt
Ladakh
Aksai Chin
Gilgit-Baltistan
Baltistan
Shigar Valley
Karakoram
Saltoro Mountains
Siachen Glacier
Bay of Bengal
Gulf of Khambhat
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Mannar
Trans-Karakoram Tract
Wakhan Corridor
Wakhjir Pass
Lakshadweep
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman Islands
Nicobar Islands
Maldive Islands
Alpide belt
Southeast
Mainland
Indochina
Malay Peninsula
Maritime
Peninsular Malaysia
Sunda Islands
Greater Sunda Islands
Lesser Sunda Islands
Indonesian Archipelago
Timor
New Guinea
Bonis Peninsula
Papuan Peninsula
Huon Peninsula
Huon Gulf
Bird's Head Peninsula
Gazelle Peninsula
Philippine Archipelago
Luzon
Visayas
Mindanao
Leyte Gulf
Gulf of Thailand
East Indies
Nanyang
Alpide belt
Asia-Pacific
Tropical Asia
Ring of Fire
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Europe
North
Nordic
Northwestern
Scandinavia
Scandinavian Peninsula
Fennoscandia
Baltoscandia
Sápmi
West Nordic
Baltic
Baltic Sea
Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Finland
Iceland
Faroe Islands
East
Danubian countries
Prussia
Galicia
Volhynia
Donbass
Sloboda Ukraine
Sambia Peninsula
Amber Coast
Curonian Spit
Izyum Trail
Lithuania Minor
Nemunas Delta
Baltic
Baltic Sea
Vyborg Bay
Karelia
East Karelia
Karelian Isthmus
Lokhaniemi
Southeastern
Balkans
Aegean Islands
Gulf of Chania
North Caucasus
Greater Caucasus
Kabardia
European Russia
Southern Russia
Central
Baltic
Baltic Sea
Alpine states
Alpide belt
Mitteleuropa
Visegrád Group
West
Benelux
Low Countries
Northwest
British Isles
English Channel
Channel Islands
Cotentin Peninsula
Normandy
Brittany
Gulf of Lion
Iberia
Al-Andalus
Baetic System
Pyrenees
Alpide belt
South
Italian Peninsula
Insular Italy
Tuscan Archipelago
Aegadian Islands
Iberia
Al-Andalus
Baetic System
Gibraltar Arc
Southeastern
Mediterranean
Crimea
Alpide belt
Germanic
Celtic
Slavic countries
Uralic
European Plain
Eurasian Steppe
Pontic–Caspian steppe
Wild Fields
Pannonian Basin
Great Hungarian Plain
Little Hungarian Plain
Eastern Slovak Lowland
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Oceania
Australasia
Gulf of Carpentaria
New Guinea
Bonis Peninsula
Papuan Peninsula
Huon Peninsula
Huon Gulf
Bird's Head Peninsula
Gazelle Peninsula
New Zealand
South Island
North Island
Coromandel Peninsula
Zealandia
New Caledonia
Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Vanuatu
Kula Gulf
Australia
Capital Country
Eastern Australia
Lake Eyre basin
Murray–Darling basin
Northern Australia
Nullarbor Plain
Outback
Southern Australia
Maralinga
Sunraysia
Great Victoria Desert
Gulf of Carpentaria
Gulf St Vincent
Lefevre Peninsula
Fleurieu Peninsula
Yorke Peninsula
Eyre Peninsula
Mornington Peninsula
Bellarine Peninsula
Mount Henry Peninsula
Melanesia
Islands Region
Bismarck Archipelago
Solomon Islands Archipelago
Fiji
New Caledonia
Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu
Micronesia
Caroline Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
Palau
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Northern Mariana Islands
Wake Island
Polynesia
Easter Island
Hawaiian Islands
Cook Islands
French Polynesia
Austral Islands
Gambier Islands
Marquesas Islands
Society Islands
Tuamotu
Kermadec Islands
Mangareva Islands
Samoa
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Ring of Fire
[show]
v
t
e
Polar regions
Antarctic
Antarctic Peninsula
East Antarctica
West Antarctica
Eklund Islands
Ecozone
Extreme points
Islands
Arctic
Arctic Alaska
British Arctic Territories
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Finnmark
Greenland
Northern Canada
Northwest Territories
Nunavik
Nunavut
Russian Arctic
Sakha
Sápmi
Yukon
North American Arctic
[show]
v
t
e
Earth's oceans and seas
Arctic Ocean
Amundsen Gulf
Barents Sea
Beaufort Sea
Chukchi Sea
East Siberian Sea
Greenland Sea
Gulf of Boothia
Kara Sea
Laptev Sea
Lincoln Sea
Prince Gustav Adolf Sea
Pechora Sea
Queen Victoria Sea
Wandel Sea
White Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Adriatic Sea
Aegean Sea
Alboran Sea
Archipelago Sea
Argentine Sea
Baffin Bay
Balearic Sea
Baltic Sea
Bay of Biscay
Bay of Bothnia
Bay of Campeche
Bay of Fundy
Black Sea
Bothnian Sea
Caribbean Sea
Celtic Sea
English Channel
Foxe Basin
Greenland Sea
Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Lion
Gulf of Guinea
Gulf of Maine
Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Gulf of Sidra
Gulf of Venezuela
Hudson Bay
Ionian Sea
Irish Sea
Irminger Sea
James Bay
Labrador Sea
Levantine Sea
Libyan Sea
Ligurian Sea
Marmara Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Myrtoan Sea
North Sea
Norwegian Sea
Sargasso Sea
Sea of Åland
Sea of Azov
Sea of Crete
Sea of the Hebrides
Thracian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea
Wadden Sea
Indian Ocean
Andaman Sea
Arabian Sea
Bali Sea
Bay of Bengal
Flores Sea
Great Australian Bight
Gulf of Aden
Gulf of Aqaba
Gulf of Khambhat
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Suez
Java Sea
Laccadive Sea
Mozambique Channel
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Timor Sea
Pacific Ocean
Arafura Sea
Banda Sea
Bering Sea
Bismarck Sea
Bohai Sea
Bohol Sea
Camotes Sea
Celebes Sea
Ceram Sea
Chilean Sea
Coral Sea
East China Sea
Gulf of Alaska
Gulf of Anadyr
Gulf of California
Gulf of Carpentaria
Gulf of Fonseca
Gulf of Panama
Gulf of Thailand
Gulf of Tonkin
Halmahera Sea
Koro Sea
Mar de Grau
Molucca Sea
Moro Gulf
Philippine Sea
Salish Sea
Savu Sea
Sea of Japan
Sea of Okhotsk
Seto Inland Sea
Shantar Sea
Sibuyan Sea
Solomon Sea
South China Sea
Sulu Sea
Tasman Sea
Visayan Sea
Yellow Sea
Southern Ocean
Amundsen Sea
Bellingshausen Sea
Cooperation Sea
Cosmonauts Sea
Davis Sea
D'Urville Sea
King Haakon VII Sea
Lazarev Sea
Mawson Sea
Riiser-Larsen Sea
Ross Sea
Scotia Sea
Somov Sea
Weddell Sea
Landlocked seas
Aral Sea
Caspian Sea
Dead Sea
Salton Sea
Book
Category
Coordinates: 12°32′00″N 41°23′8″E / 12.53333°N 41.38556°E / 12.53333; 41.38556
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Highlands&oldid=809345040"
Categories:
Ethiopian Highlands
Regions of Africa
Mountain ranges of Ethiopia
Geography of Ethiopia
Forests of Ethiopia
Afromontane ecoregions
Ecoregions of Ethiopia
Ecoregions of Sudan
Amhara Region
Geography of Oromia Region
Tigray Region
Large igneous provinces
Oligocene volcanism
Oligocene Africa
Ecoregions of Africa
Plateaus of Africa
Highlands
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Беларуская
Български
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Қазақша
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 November 2017, at 15:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Semien_Mountains_National_Park
mw-redirect
Semien Mountains National Park

values: text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;

attrs: scope style

values: padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;

values: padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;

values: text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;

values:
/wiki/Arabian_peninsula
mw-redirect
Arabian peninsula

values:
/wiki/Arabic_language
mw-redirect
Arabic language

values:
/wiki/Main_Ethiopian_Rift
mw-redirect
Main Ethiopian Rift

values:
/wiki/Mount_Tullu_Demtu
mw-redirect
Mount Tullu Demtu

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts

values:
/wiki/Climate_of_Ethiopia
mw-redirect
Climate of Ethiopia

values:
/wiki/Rainy_season
mw-redirect
Rainy season

values:
/wiki/Ancient_Greeks
mw-redirect
Ancient Greeks

values: Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

values:
/wiki/Sahelian_Acacia_savanna
mw-redirect
Sahelian Acacia savanna

values:
/wiki/Syzygium_guineese
mw-redirect
Syzygium guineese

values:
/wiki/Francolinus_harwoodi
mw-redirect
Francolinus harwoodi

values:
/wiki/Tauraco_ruspolii
mw-redirect
Tauraco ruspolii

values:
/wiki/Serinus_flavigula
mw-redirect
Serinus flavigula

values:
/wiki/Francolinus_ochropectus
mw-redirect
Francolinus ochropectus

values:
/wiki/Debre_Zeyit
mw-redirect
Debre Zeyit

values:
/wiki/East_African_mountains
mw-redirect
East African mountains

values:
/wiki/Olea_africana
mw-redirect
Olea africana

values:
/wiki/Rueppell%27s_chat
mw-redirect
Rueppell's chat

values:
/wiki/Big-headed_mole-rat
mw-redirect
Big-headed mole-rat

values:
/wiki/Secretary_bird
mw-redirect
Secretary bird

values:
/wiki/Crocidura_harenna
mw-redirect
Crocidura harenna

values:
/wiki/Grammomys_minnae
mw-redirect
Grammomys minnae

values:
/wiki/Tragelaphus_scriptus
mw-redirect
Tragelaphus scriptus

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ethiopianwolf.org

values: List of ecoregions in Burkina Faso (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Cape Verde (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in the Central African Republic

values: List of ecoregions in the Comoros (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

values: List of ecoregions in the Republic of the Congo

values: List of ecoregions in Djibouti (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in the Gambia (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Ghana (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Guinea (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Lesotho (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Liberia (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Madagascar
mw-redirect
List of ecoregions in Madagascar

values: List of ecoregions in Mali (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Mauritius (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Niger (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Senegal (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Seychelles (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Sierra Leone (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Togo (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Zambia
mw-redirect
List of ecoregions in Zambia

values: List of ecoregions in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

values: List of ecoregions in Somaliland (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Ceuta (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Melilla (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Madeira (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Mayotte (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Réunion (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Saint Helena (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Ascension Island (page does not exist)

values: List of ecoregions in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Major African geological formations

values: Template talk:Major African geological formations

values:
/wiki/Seychelles_Plate
mw-redirect
Seychelles Plate

values: Broodkop Shear Zone (page does not exist)

values: Western Meseta Shear Zone (page does not exist)

values: Foreland Karoo Basin (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Murzuq_Basin
mw-redirect
Murzuq Basin

values:
/wiki/Niger_Delta_Basin
mw-redirect
Niger Delta Basin

values: Orange River basin (page does not exist)

values: Somali Coastal Basin (page does not exist)

values: Tanzania Coastal Basin (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Jebel_Uweinat
mw-redirect
Jebel Uweinat

values: Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province

values:
/wiki/Indian_Ocean_islands
mw-redirect
Indian Ocean islands

values:
/wiki/Comoros_Islands
mw-redirect
Comoros Islands

values:
/wiki/Nile_Valley
mw-redirect
Nile Valley

values: Template talk:Regions of North America (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Vancouver_island
mw-redirect
Vancouver island

values: List of belt regions of the United States

values: Latin America and the Caribbean (region)

values: Template talk:Regions of South America (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Northern_South_America
mw-redirect
Northern South America

values: Template talk:Regions of Asia (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Asian_Steppe
mw-redirect
Asian Steppe

values:
/wiki/Inner_Manchuria
mw-redirect
Inner Manchuria

values:
/wiki/Pirate_Coast
mw-redirect
Pirate Coast

values:
/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia
mw-redirect
Lower Mesopotamia

values: Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests

values: Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows

values:
/wiki/Indonesian_Archipelago
mw-redirect
Indonesian Archipelago

values:
/wiki/Philippine_Archipelago
mw-redirect
Philippine Archipelago

values: Template talk:Regions of Europe (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Mangareva_Islands
mw-redirect
Mangareva Islands

values:
/wiki/Polar_regions
mw-redirect
Polar regions

values:
/wiki/Antarctic_ecozone
mw-redirect
Antarctic ecozone

values: List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands

values:
/wiki/Extreme_North
mw-redirect
Extreme North

values:
/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra
mw-redirect
Gulf of Sidra

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: مرتفعات إثيوبيا – Arabic

values: Эфіопскае нагор’е – Belarusian

values: Етиопско плато – Bulgarian

values: Αιθιοπικό υψίπεδο – Greek

values: بلندی‌های اتیوپی – Persian

values: 에티오피아 고원 – Korean

values: Եթովպական բարձրավանդակ – Armenian

values: अबीसीनिया का पठार – Hindi

values: הרמה האתיופית – Hebrew

values: ეთიოპიის მთიანეთი – Georgian

values: Эфиоп таулы қыраты – Kazakh

values: Етиопска Висорамнина – Macedonian

values: エチオピア高原 – Japanese

values: Det etiopiske høglandet – Norwegian Nynorsk

values: Эфиопское нагорье – Russian

values: Етиопска висораван – Serbian

values: Ефіопське нагір'я – Ukrainian

values: ایتھوپیائی کوہستانی خطہ – Urdu

values: 衣索比亞高原 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Ethiopian_Highlands rootpage-Ethiopian_Highlands skin-vector action-view


text:
White Rabbit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the character in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. For other uses, see White Rabbit (disambiguation).
The White Rabbit
Alice character
First appearance
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Created by
Lewis Carroll
Information
Nickname(s)
The White Rabbit
Species
European rabbit
Gender
Male
Occupation
Page
Nationality
Wonderland
The White Rabbit is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Personality
2 Adaptions
2.1 Disney film
2.2 Tim Burton film
2.3 Švankmajer film
3 In popular culture
3.1 Television
3.2 Films
3.3 Video games
3.4 Literature
3.5 Music
3.5.1 Musical
3.6 Other Influences
4 References
5 External links
Personality[edit]
Alice meeting the Rabbit
In his article "Alice on the Stage" Carroll wrote "And the White Rabbit, what of him? Was he framed on the "Alice" lines, or meant as a contrast? As a contrast, distinctly. For her 'youth', 'audacity', 'vigour', and 'swift directness of purpose', read 'elderly', 'timid', 'feeble', and 'nervously shilly-shallying', and you will get something of what I meant him to be. I think the White Rabbit should wear spectacles. I'm sure his voice should quaver, and his knees quiver, and his whole air suggest a total inability to say 'Boo' to a goose!"[1]
Overall, the White Rabbit seems to shift back and forth between pompous behavior toward his underlings, such as his servants, and grovelling, obsequious behavior toward his superiors, such as the Duchess, and the King and Queen of Hearts, in direct contrast to Alice, who is reasonably polite to everyone she meets. He watches from the side-lines and awaits things to happened, then comes to the rescue mainly for Alice.
Adaptions[edit]
Disney film[edit]
Main article: Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)
White Rabbit
Disney character
First appearance
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Created by
Lewis Carroll
Walt Disney
Voiced by
Bill Thompson (original film)
Corey Burton (House of Mouse, Kingdom Hearts, and all other appearances)
Jeff Bennett (Kinect Disneyland Adventures)
Shigeru Ushiyama (Japanese, Kingdom Hearts series)
Information
Species
Rabbit
Gender
Male
Occupation
Page
Nationality
Wonderland
In Disney's animated version of the book, the Rabbit seems to have the most logic out of all the Wonderland characters.[tone] Thus, he is often the straight man for their zany antics; when he asks the Dodo for help on getting the "monster" (Alice) out of his house, Dodo's ultimate solution is to burn the house down, to which the White Rabbit is greatly opposed. At the Mad Tea Party, the Mad Hatter and the March Hare try to "fix" his watch, proclaiming it "exactly two days slow". Through various food they put in the watch (butter, tea, jam, and lemon), the two cause it to go mad, and the Hare smashes it with his mallet. The Rabbit was perhaps most famous for the little ditty he sang at the beginning, "I'm late! I'm late! For a very important date! No time to say hello, goodbye! I'm late! I'm late! I'm late!" The Rabbit was voiced by Bill Thompson.
Some[who?] believe the rabbit was late for the announcement of the Queen to the royal garden. The panic the rabbit showed was his fear of losing his head. Upon her arrival (where Alice has been helping to paint the roses red) the cards finish their song and the rabbit blows his trumpet (which he had been carrying for most of his lines) royally introducing the king and queen.[citation needed]
The White Rabbit made a few appearances on the Disney Channel original show, House of Mouse. His most notable appearance was in the episode "Clarabelle's Big Secret", when he confessed to Clarabelle Cow that "I'm not really late, and I don't really have a date. I'm a fraud!". He is seen being grabbed by the reservation clerk Daisy Duck in the show's intro. He was voiced by Corey Burton, who has voiced the Rabbit in all English speaking roles for the character since then.[citation needed] In Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the genie was transformed into him.[citation needed]
The White Rabbit also appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as a meetable character.
In the PlayStation 2 action-RPG game, Kingdom Hearts and its Game Boy Advance follow-up, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, the White Rabbit leads Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy to the Queen's palace, worried about being late. His Japanese voice actor was Shigeru Ushiyama.
Tim Burton film[edit]
Main article: Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)
Nivens McTwisp, The White Rabbit
Alice character
First appearance
Alice in Wonderland
Created by
Lewis Carroll/Tim Burton
Portrayed by
Michael Sheen
Information
Nickname(s)
The White Rabbit
Species
Rabbit
Gender
Male
Occupation
Page
Nationality
Underland
The White Rabbit works for the Red Queen, but is also a secret member of the Underland Underground Resistance, and was sent by the Hatter to search for Alice. Actor Michael Sheen stated, "The White Rabbit is such an iconic character that I didn't feel like I should break the mould too much." In this film adaption, the White Rabbit is given the name Nivens McTwisp.[2]
McTwisp appears in the video game adaptation of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland as a playable character. He attacks using his watch, and can manipulate time.
Švankmajer film[edit]
Main article: Alice (1988 film)
The 1988 Czechoslovak film Alice, noted for its disturbing interpretation of Carroll's story, shows a dark stop-motion version of the character. At the beginning of the film, the White Rabbit starts out as a stuffed rabbit that comes alive in Alice's bedroom and breaks out of his glass case; he leaks sawdust through a hole in his chest. During Alice's pursuit of the White Rabbit in Wonderland, he physically attacks her with paddles, a hacksaw, and a group of skeletal animals. The White Rabbit is also the Queen of Hearts' executioner, using scissors to behead the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, and other characters. Upon awakening from her dream and finding the White Rabbit missing from his case, Alice finds his scissors and resolves to behead him herself.
In popular culture[edit]
Television[edit]
The White Rabbit appears in the Once Upon a Time spin-off called Once Upon a Time in Wonderland voiced by John Lithgow - in this show, his first name is revealed to be Percy. He helps the Knave of Hearts to free Alice from Bethlem Royal Hospital in a Victorian Era-type world and bring her back to Wonderland. The Red Queen is also forcing the White Rabbit to be her ears in order to find out about Alice's plans.
In Star Trek, the 1966 episode "Shore Leave" shows the protagonists visiting a planet where characters of their imagination come to life. The White Rabbit appears to Doctor McCoy early in the episode.
The White Rabbit appeared in the "Brooke Shields" episode of The Muppet Show performed by Steve Whitmire. The White Rabbit puppet later made a cameo in the wedding scene of The Muppets Take Manhattan, an episode of Donna's Day, and episode 4081 of Sesame Street (where its ears were in the downward position).
In the Syfy Alice, The White Rabbit is a secret organization that works for the Queen of Hearts and abducts people from the real world, so they can gamble in the Queen's casino. The actual character is represented by a member of the organization called Agent White who kidnaps Jack (Alice's fiance, the Jack of Hearts) and tries to retrieve a magic ring called the Stone of Wonderland from Alice. When it is found out that he failed his mission, the Queen has him executed.
In Lost, the White Rabbit is alluded to several times in the series. First it is the name of an episode, and Locke claims that Jack is chasing the White Rabbit in the form of his father. The White Rabbit is also the symbol for the Looking Glass Station and it is also carrying a clock with it.
In an episode of Wizards of Waverly Place, Alex chases the White Rabbit (Justin Russo). He wears white jeans, a white T-shirt, white hair, and big rabbit ears.
In Leverage Season 5, white rabbit is being mentioned in episode 12 as being the main title and con of the episode
Films[edit]
In Jurassic Park, the character of Dennis Nedry writes a computer program to disable security systems of the park and hide his steps. Samuel L. Jackson's character finds a file called "whiterabbit.obj" that he claims did it all.
In The Matrix, there are several metaphysical "waking up" metaphors that reference the Wonderland stories. Early in the film, Neo is told to follow the "White Rabbit" and seconds later, his doorbell rings, and when he opens the door he finds a woman with a tattoo of a white rabbit on her shoulder. Later in the film, Morpheus offers him the "red pill" to "find out just how deep the rabbit hole goes". Right before he meets the oracle one can see Night of the Lepus playing on a nearby television, symbolizing Neo's decision to "follow the white rabbit" and to disturb the order of the Matrix.
In Pacific Rim (film), there are several metaphysical "waking up" metaphors that reference the Wonderland stories. In the film, Mako Mori is instructed during "mind-meld" training to "do not latch onto memories; let them wash over you" and to aboveall never follow the "White Rabbit". Later in the film, she does this and nearly kills military staff members.
Video games[edit]
In American McGee's Alice, the White Rabbit is responsible for Alice's return to Wonderland. He is first seen as Alice's soft toy, then becomes something that resembles a shriveled version of the John Tenniel illustration. When Alice is chasing him in the Village of the Doomed, he shrinks and goes down a hole. Alice follows him by shrinking herself with a hand-made potion. They meet again in the Wonderland Woods, where he tells her to find Caterpillar. Later, he is killed by the Mad Hatter who crushes him under his foot. He reappears as a minor character in the sequel Madness Returns, first in the opening sequence of the game, and then as a host of some mini-games (along with the Mad Hatter).
In the Nintendo DS RPG A Witch's Tale, the White Rabbit forces its way before the main character Liddell. It can be an unlockable plush for fighting too.
Rockstar's game Manhunt features a level called "Kill the Rabbit." In this stage, the player hunts down a man wearing a white rabbit suit, which the game's antagonist describes as "Wonderland fun".
In the Eye of the North expansion of Guild Wars, finding the boss Nulfastu Earthbound requires the player to follow a white rabbit into a rabbit hole. When the player enters, the boss appears, along with a large amount of other hostile monsters, that easily overwhelms an unprepared group of players.
There is a reference to the White Rabbit in Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow.
In Super Mario 64 MIPS the rabbit references the White Rabbit with a few lines, such as "I'm late for an important date."
In Heart no Kuni no Alice (aka Alice in the Country of Hearts), a dating sim game made for the PC, PSP, and the PS2 with the theme of Alice in Wonderland, has a man named "Peter White" in which Peter White takes the role of the White Rabbit in Wonderland.
Literature[edit]
In The Looking-Glass Wars, the White Rabbit is re-imagined as Bibwit Harte (an anagram of "White Rabbit"), an albino tutor with super-sensitive hearing.
In the manga series Alice in the Country of Hearts, written by Quinrose and published by Tokyopop, a character named Peter White is the prime minister of the castle of hearts. He is portrayed as a cruel man who would kill anyone in an instant. He has little in common with the image of the white rabbit other than white rabbit ears, a large oversized pocketwatch, and a suit. He is desperately in love with Alice and often caught rhyming as he speaks. Alice does mention hating him on several occasions and claims to hate "White Rabbit ears" the most.
In the Stephen King novel The Long Walk, a boy named Stebbins refers to himself as "the White Rabbit type."
In the manga Pandora Hearts the main character Oz Vessalius is based in the White Rabbit as he is the chain B-Rabbit.
In the manga series Project ARMS a boy infected with intelligent nano machines code named white rabbit is granted superior speed and jumping ability.
Music[edit]
Jefferson Airplane recorded a song called "White Rabbit", with references to this character and the Wonderland saga in general as metaphors for drug-induced experiences.
Electric Six's song "Feed my Fuckin' Habit" makes reference to this with the lyrics "Feed my fuckin' habit... Follow the white rabbit" (album I Shall Exterminate Everything Around Me That Restricts Me from Being the Master, 2007).
My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult's song "A Daisy Chain 4 Satan" has references of a white rabbit in their lyrics about drugs: "I live for drugs... I'm the white rabbit. I freaked out on acid... I'm the white rabbit."
Egypt Central's song "White Rabbit" makes references to the rabbit: "Your magic white rabbit has left its writing on the wall. We followed like Alice, and just kept falling down the hole."
Shinedown's song "Her Name is Alice", from the compilation album Almost Alice, uses the line "And the girl that chased the rabbit, drank the wine, and took the pill..." to reference the White Rabbit; indeed, most of the song references Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass.
Vladimir Vysotsky's song "Белый кролик, Алиса и Додо" ("White Rabbit, Alice and Dodo").[3]
Marilyn Manson created an album and song titled "Eat Me, Drink Me" in reference to the cookies and drinks labeled "Eat Me, Drink Me" that throughout the story of Alice in Wonderland cause her to grow and shrink. The entire song constantly alludes to the story and characters of Alice in Wonderland, and describes a darker side of the story.
Musical[edit]
The White Rabbit appeared as a banished fairy tale creature in the original Broadway musical Shrek (based on the 2001 film) played by Noah Rivera.
The White Rabbit was portrayed by Edward Staudenmayer in Frank Wildhorn's musical Wonderland. In the show, he is portrayed as a panicky character with a sarcastic sense of humor. Staudenmayer praised the character's role in the story, saying, "Everything [he has] to say is funny or important." As well as the character that brings Alice to Wonderland in the first place, the Rabbit is also a close ally of her during the course of the show. His sole weapon is his pocket watch, which can turn back time; he uses it to help himself, El Gato the Cheshire Cat, Caterpillar, and Jack the White Knight escape from prison towards the end of the show.
Other Influences[edit]
A military trench-digging machine developed by the British Royal Navy at the beginning of World War II was originally known as White Rabbit No. 6, but the name was changed to Cultivator No. 6 to conceal its identity.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gardner, Martin (1998). The Annotated Alice. Random House. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-517-18920-7.
Jump up ^ Mainwaring, Rachel (October 26, 2008). "Actor Sheen in Wonderland". Western Mail. Trinity Mirror. Retrieved December 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Владимир Высоцкий. "Белый кролик, Алиса и Додо". bards.ru (in Russian). Retrieved September 12, 2016.
External links[edit]
White Rabbit character description
TSR Modules EX1-2, Dungeonland and The Land Beyond the Magic Mirror - article on the modules and download links
show
v
t
e
Lewis Carroll's Alice
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Through the Looking-Glass
"The Hunting of the Snark"
Characters
Alice's Adventures
in Wonderland
Alice
The White Rabbit
The Mouse
The Dodo
The Duck
The Lory
Eaglet
Pat
Bill the Lizard
Puppy
The Caterpillar
The Duchess
The Cheshire Cat
The March Hare
The Hatter
Tarrant Hightopp
The Dormouse
The Queen of Hearts
The King of Hearts
The Knave of Hearts
The Gryphon
The Mock Turtle
Through the
Looking-Glass
The Red Queen
The White Queen
The Red King
The White King
The White Knight
Tweedledum and Tweedledee
The Sheep
Humpty Dumpty
The Lion and the Unicorn
Bandersnatch
Jubjub Bird
Locations
Alice's Adventures
in Wonderland
Wonderland
Through the
Looking-Glass
Looking-Glass Land
The Old Sheep Shop
Related topics
Alice Liddell
Alice's Shop
John Tenniel
Theophilus Carter
The Annotated Alice
Mischmasch
Works based on Alice in Wonderland
Films and television
Disney franchise
Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Translations of Through the Looking-Glass
Adaptations
Film
1903
1910
1915
1931
1933
1949
1951
1966
1972
1976
1982
1985
1987
1988 (Czechoslovak)
1988 (Australian)
1995
1999
2010
Stage
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (ballet)
Alice in Wonderland (musical)
Alice in Wonderland (opera)
But Never Jam Today (Carroll musical)
Wonderland (Wildhorn musical)
Peter and Alice (2013 play)
Wonder.land (Albarn musical)
Television
Fushigi no Kuni no Alice
Once Upon a Time
Once Upon a Time in Wonderland
Poems
"All in the golden afternoon..."
"How Doth the Little Crocodile"
"The Mouse's Tale"
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat"
"You Are Old, Father William"
"'Tis the Voice of the Lobster"
"Jabberwocky"
"The Walrus and the Carpenter"
"Haddocks' Eyes"
"They told me you had been to her..."
"The Mock Turtle's Song"
"The Hunting of the Snark"
Sequels
A New Alice in the Old Wonderland (1895)
New Adventures of Alice (1917)
Alice of Wonderland in Paris (1966)
Alice Through the Needle's Eye (1984)
Automated Alice (1996)
Wonderland Revisited and the Games Alice Played There (2009)
Retellings
The Nursery "Alice" (1890)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland retold in words of one syllable (1905)
Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland (2010)
Parodies
The Westminster Alice (1902)
Clara in Blunderland (1902)
Lost in Blunderland (1903)
John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland (1904)
Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream (1904)
Imitations
Mopsa the Fairy (1869)
Davy and the Goblin (1884)
The Admiral's Caravan (1891)
Gladys in Grammarland (1896)
A New Wonderland (1898)
Rollo in Emblemland (1902)
Justnowland (1912)
Alice in Orchestralia (1925)
Reimagining
Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? (1966)
Alice or the Last Escapade (1977)
Adventures in Wonderland (1991)
The Looking Glass Wars (2006)
Alice (2009)
Malice in Wonderland (2009)
Alice in Wonderland (2010)
Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016)
Literary
Alice in Murderland
Alice in the Country of Hearts
Miyuki-chan in Wonderland
Video games
Alice no Paint Adventure (1995)
Alice in Wonderland (2000)
American McGee's Alice (2000)
Alice in Wonderland (2010)
Alice: Madness Returns (2011)
Kingdom Hearts
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Rabbit&oldid=848796992"
Categories:
Lewis Carroll characters
Fictional hares and rabbits
Kingdom Hearts characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1865
Male characters in film
Male characters in literature
Male characters in television
Once Upon a Time (TV series) characters
Hidden categories:
CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)
Pages using deprecated image syntax
All articles needing style editing
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from August 2013
All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2013
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Cymraeg
Español
Euskara
Français
Italiano
עברית
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Shqip
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
7 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 July 2018, at 11:05 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: i

values:
/wiki/White_Rabbit_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
White Rabbit (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: href title

value: td

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

values: King of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #08466D; color: #FFFFFF;

values:
/wiki/House_of_Mouse
mw-redirect
House of Mouse

values:
/wiki/Kinect_Disneyland_Adventures
mw-redirect
Kinect Disneyland Adventures

values: text-align:center;background: #08466D; color: #FFFFFF;

values: The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (August 2013)

values: The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2013)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Meetable_character
mw-redirect
Meetable character

values: Shore Leave (Star Trek: The Original Series)

values:
/wiki/Alice_(TV_Miniseries)
mw-redirect
Alice (TV Miniseries)

values:
/wiki/Manhunt_(game)
mw-redirect
Manhunt (game)

values:
/wiki/The_Looking-Glass_Wars
mw-redirect
The Looking-Glass Wars

values:
/wiki/Nano_machines
mw-redirect
Nano machines

values:
/wiki/Shrek_the_Musical
mw-redirect
Shrek the Musical

values:
/wiki/Shrek_(film)
mw-redirect
Shrek (film)

values:
/wiki/Trinity_Mirror
mw-redirect
Trinity Mirror

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: List of minor characters in the Alice series

values: Mouse (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Eaglet (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Puppy (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Knave of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: Gryphon (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values: White Knight (Through the Looking-Glass)

values:
/wiki/Looking-Glass_Land
mw-redirect
Looking-Glass Land

values:
/wiki/The_Old_Sheep_Shop
mw-redirect
The Old Sheep Shop

values: Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland

values: Translations of Through the Looking-Glass

values: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1910 film)

values: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972 film)

values: Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987 film)

values: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (ballet)

values: Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream

values: Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1865

values: Category:Once Upon a Time (TV series) characters

values: Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:All articles needing style editing

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from August 2013

values: Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases

values: Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2013

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/White_Rabbit
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: الأرنب الأبيض – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: הארנב הלבן – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: 白ウサギ (不思議の国のアリス) – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Белый Кролик – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-White_Rabbit rootpage-White_Rabbit skin-vector action-view


text:
Mark's
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
hideThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2014)
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
For the Ohio-based supermarket chain, see Marc's. For other uses of the word, see Mark (disambiguation).
Mark's Work Wearhouse Ltd.
Trading name
Mark's (2012–present)
Type
Subsidiary
Industry
Retail
Founded
1977
Founder
Mark Blumes
Headquarters
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Area served
Canada
Key people
PJ Czank (President)
Products
Clothing and footwear
Parent
Canadian Tire
(2002–present)
Website
www.marks.com
Mark's in London, Ontario
Mark's Work Wearhouse Ltd. (known as L’Équipeur in Quebec; doing business as simply Mark's) is a Canadian clothing and footwear retailer specializing in casual and industrial wear. Beginning in 1977 as Mark’s Work Wearhouse in Calgary, Alberta, it evolved from an industrial accessories dealer to a widely known men’s casual and industrial wear retailer. The company operates over 380 stores across Canada and has been a subsidiary of Canadian Tire since 2002.[1] The company rebranded in 2012 as Mark’s to appeal to a wider customer base and reflect its expanded product offerings.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Products
2.1 Brands
3 Guarantee and warranty
4 Mark's Commercial
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Mark Blumes, formerly a retail executive for the Hudson's Bay Company, opened Mark's Work Wearhouse in Calgary, Alberta, on August 14, 1977. The store was located in the southeast corner of Calgary, at Centre Street and Glenmore Trail. Following early success and rapid expansion, the company became publicly traded in 1981, with an Initial Public Offering worth $14,000,000. In 1995, the Board of Directors appointed Garth Mitchell as President and Chief Operating Officer of the company. Under Mitchell, the chain entered a new phase characterized by growth and acquisition.[clarification needed] The 140 stores in 1996 generated a revenue of $250 million, and the company acquired Work World, which increased revenues by $500 million in six years.
In 2002, Canadian Tire Corporation purchased Mark’s Work Wearhouse for $116 million as part of a strategic plan to add strong and profitable growth within the company’s integrated portfolio of businesses.[1] At this time, Mark's Work Wearhouse operated 325 corporate and franchisee stores across the country. The acquisition provided Mark’s Work Wearhouse with significant working capital, resulting in accelerated growth between 2001 and 2008. Sales grew from $500 million to $1 billion, with 372 stores across Canada. Together, Mark’s Work Wearhouse and Canadian Tire created “combo stores” at 65 Canadian Tire locations, which coupled the complete assortment of a Canadian Tire store with a fully serviced Mark’s Work Wearhouse. In 2012, the company underwent a rebrand as part of its strategy to appeal to a wider customer base and reflect its expanded product assortment. Now referred to as Mark’s, the brand launched its newest ad campaign, ‘Ready for This’, in 2013.
In May 2018, Canadian Tire Corporation announced their purchase of Helly Hansen, a brand Mark's previously featured for over ten years.[3]
Products[edit]
Mark's is one of Canada's leading apparel and footwear retailers, with more than 380 stores across Canada. Mark's sells men's and women's industrial, business, casual and active clothing and footwear, as well as a full line of health wear, including hospital scrubs, hygienic wear and accessories.
Brands[edit]
Mark’s holds a number of well-known private labels (including Dakota, Denver Hayes and WindRiver) with an additional assortment of popular national brands, including Levi's, Carhartt, Helly Hansen, Sorel and many more.
A variety of Mark’s footwear is also CSA approved, with brands including Dakota, Agressor, Baffin, Caterpillar, Kodiak Terra, Timberland and Wolverine. In fall 2014, Mark's launched an exclusive licence with the Canadian designer brand ALFRED SUNG for a collection of women's apparel, under the SUNG ALFRED SUNG name. Mark's recently rebranded their men's and women's activewear under the names MATRIX and SHAMBHALA, respectively.
Guarantee and warranty[edit]
Mark’s has a 100% satisfaction guarantee on everything it sells. A customer can return a product within 100 days and receive a full refund in the same tender used to make the purchase when the product is accompanied by an original receipt, as long as the product has not been worn and has its original tags on the clothing. Should the customer not be able to produce an original receipt, a merchandise credit will be issued for the lowest selling price during the last 14 months. Mark’s also offers a 100-day boot guarantee. If at any time during the first 100 days after purchasing work boots the customer experiences a manufacturer defect they will be replaced. Refunds and exchanges cannot be processed after 100 days.
Mark's Commercial[edit]
Mark's Commercial (formerly Imagewear) is a division of Mark’s retail chain that specializes in uniforms, safety apparel or PPE, footwear, promotional items, full customization of garments and online fulfillment capabilities, generally for large business clients in both the private and public sectors. In addition to fabrics, Mark's Commercial will also produce branded promotional items.[when?] These include, but are not limited to, pens, key chains, golf accessories, awards and more. Mark's Commercial is “Canada's largest supplier of branded industrial, apparel, footwear and promotional items.”
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Canadian Tire buys Mark's Work Wearhouse for $116 million". CBC News. 19 December 2001. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Arnusch, Shelley (May 21, 2012). "The Story of How Mark's Work Wearhouse Became Mark's". Avenue Calgary. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ The Canadian Press (May 10, 2018). "Canadian Tire to buy sportswear brand Helly Hansen for $985 million". Retrieved May 11, 2018.
External links[edit]
Media related to Mark's at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
hide
v
t
e
Canadian Tire
Current assets
Canadian Tire
Canadian Tire Financial Services
Canadian Tire Gas+
Mark's
PartSource
FGL Sports
Sport Chek
Sports Experts
Brands
Helly Hansen (pending)
Mastercraft
Motomaster
Key people
Alfred J. Billes (co-founder)
J. William Billes (co-founder)
Rewards programs
Canadian Tire money
Triangle Rewards
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%27s&oldid=848009809"
Categories:
Canadian brands
Canadian Tire
Clothing retailers of Canada
Companies based in Calgary
Retail companies established in 1977
Hidden categories:
Articles that may contain original research from November 2014
All articles that may contain original research
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2014
All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
NPOV disputes from September 2016
All NPOV disputes
Articles with a promotional tone from October 2015
All articles with a promotional tone
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2016
All articles with vague or ambiguous time
Vague or ambiguous time from July 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 29 June 2018, at 06:50 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: span

attrs: class role tabindex

value: b

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert

values:
mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values:
/wiki/Mark_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Mark (disambiguation)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.marks.com

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Sorel_(company)
mw-redirect
Sorel (company)

values: The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2016)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.marks.com/
external text

values: background: #ED1B2D; color: white;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: color: white; text-decoration: inherit; -moz-text-decoration-color: white; text-decoration-color: white;

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background: #ED1B2D; color: white

values: background: #ED1B2D; color: white;width:1%

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Retail companies established in 1977

values: Category:Articles that may contain original research from November 2014

values: Category:All articles that may contain original research

values: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2014

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

values: Category:NPOV disputes from September 2016

values: Category:Articles with a promotional tone from October 2015

values: Category:All articles with a promotional tone

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2016

values: Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time

values: Category:Vague or ambiguous time from July 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Mark%27s
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Mark%27s&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Mark_s rootpage-Mark_s skin-vector action-view