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Australian of the Year
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Further information: List of Australian of the Year Award recipients
Australian of the Year
Alan Mackay-Sim, 2017 Australian of the Year
Awarded for
Achievement and contribution of eminent citizens
Sponsored by
Commonwealth Bank
Date
January 25
Location
Parliament House, Canberra
Country
Australia
Presented by
National Australia Day Council
First awarded
1960
Currently held by
Alan Mackay-Sim
Website
australianoftheyear.org.au
← 2016
2017
2018 →
The Australian of the Year is an award conferred on an Australian citizen by the National Australia Day Council, a not-for-profit Australian Government–owned social enterprise.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Sponsorship
3 Awards history, by decade
3.1 1960s
3.2 1970s and 1980s
3.3 1990s
3.4 2000s onwards
4 Young Australian of the Year
5 Senior Australian of the Year
6 Australia's Local Hero
7 Choosing the winners
8 Statistical profiles
9 Contemporary governance
10 Selection criteria
11 Announcements
12 Medallions and trophies
13 Australians of the Year Walk
14 Defining Australia
15 See also
16 References
17 External links
History[edit]
Since 1960 the award for the Australian of the Year has been awarded as part of the celebrations surrounding Australia Day (26 January), during which time it has grown steadily in significance to become one of the nation's pre-eminent awards. The Australian of the Year announcement has become a notable part of the annual Australia Day celebrations. The official announcement has grown to become a public event, and the Canberra ceremony is televised and watched by thousands. The award offers an insight into Australian identity, reflecting the nation's evolving relationship with world, the role of sport in Australian culture, the impact of multiculturalism, and the special status of Australia's Indigenous people. It has also provoked spirited debate about the fields of endeavour that are most worthy of public recognition.
The award program promotes active citizenship and seeks to elevate certain people as role models. Three companion awards have been introduced, recognising both Young and Senior Australians, and proclaiming the efforts of those who work at a grass roots level through the "Australia's Local Hero" award.
Sponsorship[edit]
The Australian of the Year award receives substantial sponsorship from private companies, including a relationship in excess of thirty years with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The close relationship with the Australian Government ensures that the award's profile and reputation is significantly enhanced.
Awards history, by decade[edit]
Further information: List of Australian of the Year Award recipients
1960s[edit]
During the 1960s, a network of state-based organisations worked hard to increase the profile of Australia Day. The most active and best resourced of these was the Victorian Australia Day Council, which had grown out of the Australian Natives' Association. In January 1960 the council's chairman, the unabashed patriot Sir Norman Martin, announced the introduction of a new annual award for the 'Australian of the Year.' He explained that Australia Day was a fitting occasion on which to give proper recognition to a leading citizen, whose contribution to the nation's culture, economy, sciences or arts was particularly outstanding.
The first Australian of the Year Sir Macfarlane Burnet, Australian of the Year 1960
For the first two decades the Australian of the Year was chosen by a panel of five, which included the Victorian Premier, the Anglican Archbishop of Melbourne, the Vice-Chancellor of Melbourne University, the Lord Mayor of Melbourne and the President of the National Council for Women. Although the panel was certainly distinguished, it would in time become too closely associated with Melbourne to be appropriate for a national award. The panel's first choice of Nobel Prize winning immunologist Sir Macfarlane Burnet gained general approval. The editors of The Age proclaimed the new honour was symptomatic of Australia's growing confidence as a nation: 'We are beginning to count for something in the world and we should be intensely proud of this fact.'[1][2]
Sir Robert Helpmann, Australian of the Year 1965
International achievement remained a key criterion during the award's first decade. Several sporting heroes were honoured, from America's Cup skipper Jock Sturrock and swimmer Dawn Fraser, to world champion motor racer Sir Jack Brabham and boxer Lionel Rose. The pioneering neurologist Sir John Eccles followed Burnet's example, becoming the second of five Australians to take out the Nobel Prize/Australian of the Year double. Achievers in the artistic realm were also well represented, including opera singer Joan Sutherland, renowned dancer and choreographer Robert Helpmann and the four members of the chart-topping singing group The Seekers – Judith Durham, Athol Guy, Keith Potger and Bruce Woodley. The focus on international achievement reflected the philosophy of the award organisers, who described the Australian of the Year as 'the person who has brought the greatest honour to Australia in the year under review.'[3]
1970s and 1980s[edit]
During its first two decades, the Australian of the Year award grew steadily in national prominence, but it increasingly suffered from its close association with the Victorian Australia Day Council. A competing Australian of the Year award has been published by The Australian newspaper from 1971.[4] In 1975 the newly formed Canberra Australia Day Council also began to name a rival Australian of the Year. The Canberra council was run by a vibrant group of Canberrans, who pursued a more progressive agenda than their Victorian counterparts. In particular, the Canberra council was sympathetic to the emerging republican movement, while the Victorian council was staunchly committed to constitutional ties with Britain. The Victorian council also battled a common perception that it was an exclusive organisation that represented the Melbourne Establishment. Australia's turbulent political climate nourished this division and the Australian of the Year award was embroiled in a wider debate about Australian nationalism.
Between 1975 and 1979, the Canberra Australia Day Council named four Australians of the Year. Prime Minister Gough Whitlam lent his support to the Canberra award when he presented the inaugural honour to Major General Alan Stretton, the commander of the emergency response to Cyclone Tracy. The Canberra council also made good use of the federal parliamentary press boxes to promote its award to the national media. The Victorian council was singularly unimpressed that a rival Australia Day organisation had copied its idea – in 1977 it described its own winner, Dame Raigh Roe, as 'the real Australian of the Year.' The impasse was only resolved when the Fraser Government created the National Australia Day Council (NADC) in 1979. The Victorian council willingly transferred responsibility for its award to the new national body, while the Canberra council agreed to discontinue its rival program. In 1982, the Victorian council was further sidelined when John Cain's Australian Labor Party created a new Victorian Australia Day Committee within the Premier's Department, which joined the NADC's official national network. The Australian has continued annually to publish its own award, which sometimes coincides with the choice of the National Australia Day Council.[5]
The NADC made immediate changes to the selection process, appointing an independent panel of ten leading Australians from diverse fields. Despite this rigorous approach, the panel's first choice of historian Manning Clark did not please conservative politicians, as Clark had been critical of the Fraser Government's social policy. If nothing else, the controversy was a clear sign that the award had become a prominent and valued feature of the Australia Day celebrations. In time the selection of the annual winner fell to the board of the NADC itself, whose members are appointed by the Prime Minister of the day. Former NADC chairman Phillip Adams recalls that heated debates were common. Typically the Australian of the Year was chosen at a special two-day board meeting, which Adams likened to the election of a Pope: 'We would go into conclave, there would be lots of hot air, then a puff of smoke.'[6]
During the 1980s, there was an expectation that corporate sponsorship would replace Government funding and that the NADC would become self-sufficient. The list of former Australians of the Year provides circumstantial evidence of this shift towards a more popular imperative. Economist Sir John Crawford and judge Sir Edward Williams thoroughly deserved their awards, but were perhaps not well placed to promote the importance of Australia Day to mainstream Australia, or to secure corporate sponsorship for the NADC. Subsequent winners included marathon runner Robert de Castella, comedian Paul Hogan, singer John Farnham and cricketer Allan Border, who were far more likely to attract public attention. In 1988, The Sydney Morning Herald editors expressed concern at this development: 'One worrying trend with the award is its attachment to ratings. This year's candidates appear to have been people who held high public profiles.'[7] Yet the steadily rising numbers of nominations indicated that the award was capturing the public imagination.
John Farnham was Australian of the Year in 1988, Australia's Bicentennial Year

Recognising the role of Aboriginal Australians, frontman Of Yothu Yindi, Mandawuy Yunupingu, Australian of the Year
1990s[edit]
During the 1990s, the Australian of the Year award intersected noticeably with the politics of national identity. In its attempt to encourage unified national celebrations, the NADC was a strong promoter of both multiculturalism and reconciliation. The council was also linked to the growing republican movement and the campaign to change the national flag. Australians of the Year in this period included Yothu Yindi lead singer and prominent aboriginal identity Mandawuy Yunupingu, environmentalist and republican Ian Kiernan and Chinese-Australian paediatrician John Yu. Yunupingu's award continued a strong tradition of honouring Indigenous Australians. The first Aboriginal winner was boxer Lionel Rose, who quipped: "One hundred and eighty-two years ago one of my mob would have been a dead cert' for this."[8] Since then a further seven Indigenous people have been named Australian of the Year, for achievements in sport, music, politics, law, public service and academia. Many have played a role in Indigenous advocacy and some have raised concerns about the celebration of Australia Day on 26 January, most notably the 1985 recipient Lowitja O'Donoghue. No award was given in 1993.
2000s onwards[edit]
Fiona Stanley, Australian of the Year 2003 running with Summer Olympic Torch 2008

Ita Buttrose, Australian of the Year 2013
Debates about the Australian of the Year award often revolve around the relative balance between sport, science and the arts. Fourteen winners have excelled in sports as diverse as cricket, swimming, athletics, sailing, tennis, boxing and motor racing. A recurring criticism that sport features too regularly peaked in 2004, when Steve Waugh was the fourth sporting winner in seven years and the third Test Cricket Captain to be honoured. Despite the perception of an over-emphasis on sport, the list of past winners reveals a strong endorsement for scientific achievement; by 2009 thirteen Australian scientists have received the honour, including a remarkable ten from the medical sciences. A long-term view also reveals that Australia's talented artists have not been neglected; ten winners have excelled in creative pursuits, including six musicians, a dancer, a painter, a comedian and a Nobel Prize winning novelist.
Dame Joan Sutherland, Australian of the Year 1961
Many Australians of the Year do not fit neatly into categories such as sport, science and the arts. Phillip Adams once described the past winners as 'an eclectic collection of people who reflect the diversity of achievement in this country.'[9] Australians of the Year have also excelled in public administration, the military, social and community work, business enterprise, academia, religious leadership and philanthropy. There has been relatively little public debate about the gender balance of past winners. In 1961 several news outlets incorrectly referred to Sir Macfarlane Burnet as 'Man of the Year'; the mistake was not allowed to continue, as Joan Sutherland took out the second award, but it is certainly true that women are under-represented. By 2009, 11 winners out of a total of 56 were women.
In 2016, Miranda Devine of The Daily Telegraph criticised the selection process, with the national selection panel having to choose from the eight candidates appointed by variously-structured, state-based selection panels. Devine also says, "the award, which ought to reflect and unite this great nation, has evolved into a mere plaything of social engineers."[10] Noting also, three of the eight finalists were jointly involved in the same events.[11] Concern has also been raised as to how a person who has not lived in a state, "for 40-something years" can be nominated as that state's representative.[12] Following criticism of both the award process and of the 2016 recipient's priorities, an editorial in the Sydney Morning Herald said, "The Herald knows the selection board will look closely at the 2016 process and work to improve public confidence in the awards in time for a better Australia Day in 2017".[13]
While the selection of a single Australian of the Year is bound to stimulate debate, the awards program as a whole recognises a much wider range of achievement. In 1979 the NADC named its first 'Young Australian of the Year,' community service volunteer Julie Sochacki. Twenty years later the veteran country music star Slim Dusty received the inaugural 'Senior Australian of the Year' award. In 2003 the NADC introduced an award for 'Australia's Local Hero', which honours outstanding contributions to local communities. With four award categories and a system of state and national finals, the NADC now recognises a total of 128 inspiring Australian role models every year.
Young Australian of the Year[edit]
Further information: List of Young Australian of the Year Award recipients
For the first twenty years of the Australian of the Year Awards there was no specific honour reserved for younger Australians. Nevertheless, in this period several young sports stars won the main award, including Dawn Fraser, Shane Gould, Lionel Rose and Evonne Goolagong. Gould remains the youngest person to be named Australian of the Year.
Shortly after the formation of the NADC in October 1979, the Northern Territory representative Dr Ella Stack convinced her fellow board members to introduce a new award that focussed specifically on the achievements of younger Australians. The inaugural winner, youth unemployment worker Julie Sochacki, was named Young Australian of the Year in January 1980. The NADC coordinated the announcement with the Victorian Australia Day Council, which chose the Australian of the Year for the last time. The following year, the NADC assumed responsibility for both awards.
Senior Australian of the Year[edit]
Further information: List of Senior Australian of the Year Award recipients
Slim Dusty, Australian Senior of the Year
Maggie Beer, Senior Australian of the Year 2010
The Senior Australian of the Year award initially had no connection with the NADC. When the United Nations declared 1999 the 'International Year of Older Persons,' the Minister for Aged Care Bronwyn Bishop approached National Seniors Australia with a plan to increase the prominence of the award. The Department of Health and Ageing took over responsibility for the program and Prime Minister John Howard presented the award to veteran country music star Slim Dusty in October 1999. Bishop arranged for the NADC to administer the program on behalf of the Department of Health and Ageing, but the award continued to be presented in October, with no discernible link to Australia Day. Three years later the NADC streamlined its awards programs. The council was running three separate awards, as even the Young Australian of the Year was announced earlier in January and had a separate nominations process. The Senior Australian of the Year announcement moved from October to January (skipping 2002 altogether) and joined the other two awards. By integrating the various programs, the NADC increased the prominence of the companion awards by announcing them at the same function as the Australian of the Year. Since then, many remarkable Senior Australians have been honoured on a national stage on Australia Day Eve.
Australia's Local Hero[edit]
Further information: List of Australian Local Hero Award recipients
As the status of the Australian of the Year award grew, it became more common for critics to call for lesser-known winners whose achievements were not otherwise recognised. The NADC was certainly not dismissive of this view.
In 2003, the NADC addressed the issue by introducing a fourth award category known as the 'Local Hero Award.' The new award was part of a shift in thinking at the NADC towards the key goal of promoting good citizenship. It provides an important national forum for acknowledging those who work for the benefit of their fellow citizens.
Choosing the winners[edit]
Australia's Local Hero 2008, Jonathon Welch
The process of choosing the Australian of the Year has evolved considerably over half a century, including both the make-up of the selection committee and the system of nominations. In the 1960s Sir Norman Martin usually insisted that the decision of the small Victorian selection committee was unanimous. If this is true, then it is in stark contrast to the selection process in the 1990s, when Phillip Adams recalls that heated debates were common. In 1980 the NADC had formed an independent panel to decide the award, but eventually the selection fell to the NADC board itself. Typically the matter was considered at a special two-day board meeting, which Adams likened to the election of a new Pope: 'We would go into conclave, there would be lots of hot air, then a puff of smoke.'[6][14]
The most significant change in the selection procedure has been expansion of the nomination process. In the 1960s and 1970s, the committee usually chose the winner from a relatively small list of nominees; for example, in 1971 Evonne Goolagong edged out only 18 other nominees.[15] At a meeting in 1982, the directors of the NADC and its state based affiliates identified low nominee numbers as a cause for concern.[16] The problem persisted and board members were regularly encouraged to spread the word and encourage nominations.[17] A public relations report commissioned in 1989 recommended greater community involvement in the nominations process: 'Allow the "ordinary" citizens of Australia a chance to vote for, or in some way have a say in, who should be Australian of the Year.'[18] During the 1990s glossy brochures calling for nominations were distributed well in advance of the awards deadline.
More recently, the NADC has realised that the nominations process is important not only to the integrity of its various awards, but is also a crucial means of engaging with the Australian community. In 2004 NADC Chair Lisa Curry-Kenny proudly reported that nominations had doubled from the previous year: 'This is a key indication that increasing numbers of Australians of all walks of life are actively engaging with the awards program.'[19] Public interest in the awards serves a much broader purpose, as NADC Chief Executive Warren Pearson explains: 'The awards program is not primarily about choosing four national recipients; it is about engaging with Australians about citizenship.'[20] The introduction of the Local Hero award was directed towards this goal, as were various other changes made in 2004. Most importantly, the NADC introduced a new selection process based around state finals. This approach meant a more prominent role for the state-based Australia Day councils and committees, which now oversee the selection of the finalists and host official functions to announce the contenders in November each year. The NADC board now only chooses between the eight state finalists in each category and organises the national announcement in January.
Statistical profiles[edit]
These summary data were compiled from the List of Australian of the Year Award recipients.
Award by category
1960–69
1970–79
1980–89
1990–99
2000–09
2010–19
Total
Science (Non-medical)
1 2 0 0 2 5
Arts
3 2 2 1 1 1 10
Medical Science
1 0 0 3 3 1 8
Indigenous affairs
0 2 1 1 1 5
Religion
0 1 0 1 0 2
Community Service
0 1 0 1 0 1 3
Politics/Public office
1 1 1 0 0 3
Sport
4 2 3 2 2 1 14
Non-science academic
0 0 2 0 0 2
Military service
0 2 0 0 1 3
Business
0 1 1 0 0 2 4
Award by gender
1960–69
1970–79
1980–89
1990–99
2000–09
2010–19
Total
Female
2 3 2 1 2 2 11
Male
7 11 8 8 8 4 46
Contemporary governance[edit]
The National Australia Day Council (NADC) has administered the Australian of the Year awards program since 1979, when it inherited the responsibility from Victoria's Australia Day Council. The NADC's mission statement demonstrates how the awards program fits its wider purpose:
The National Australia Day Council works with and for the people and government of Australia to:
Unite all Australians through celebration with a focus on Australia Day;
Promote the meaning of Australia Day through activity, education, reflection, discussion and debate; and
Promote good citizenship, values and achievement by recognising excellence and service to the communities and the nation.[21]
The third of these aims is predominantly addressed through the Australian of the Year Awards, which offer a high-profile moment for the celebration of outstanding achievement. The awards greatly assist the NADC in its central task, which is aptly summarised by its Chief Executive Warren Pearson: 'On 26 January each year, the National Australia Day Council encourages Australians to celebrate what's great about Australia and being Australian.'.[22] The Australian of the Year Awards have certainly attracted controversy and criticism, but in doing so they have advanced a national conversation – they have encouraged citizens of this country to consider, who are the 'Australians who make us proud'?
Selection criteria[edit]
There has also been a significant shift in the criteria for the Australian of the Year award in fifty years. Initially the focus was on awarding the person who had 'brought the greatest honour to Australia.'[23] This emphasis on international acclaim was gradually relaxed and Australian-based achievement was recognised more often from the 1970s onwards. The official criteria have usually been suitably broad in their scope, so changes in approach are largely attributable to the membership of the NADC board and the political climate of the time. In the mid-1980s there was a notable shift towards high-profile winners, while in the 1990s some of those honoured reflected the prominent political issues of republicanism and reconciliation. Currently, the selection committees refer to three main criteria when considering nominees:
Demonstrated excellence in their field;
Significant contribution to the Australian community and nation; and
An inspirational role model for the Australian community.
The third of these criteria supports the NADC's key goal of encouraging good citizenship.
Announcements[edit]
Awards Announcement, Australia Day Eve 25 January 2005
During the 1960s and 1970s, the Australian of the Year award was presented at Melbourne's Australia Day Luncheon, which was held in either the Town Hall or the Royale Ballroom. The winner was usually announced about two weeks earlier at a function that provided an opportunity to promote the upcoming Australia Day celebrations. This event was a public relations exercise that attempted to capture the imagination of the media and the nation, but in 1966 a journalist from The Age did not follow the script, preferring to poke fun at the stage-managed event:[24]
The patriotic tension in the boardroom on the 8th floor of the Australian Natives' Association building in Elizabeth Street yesterday morning was being stretched to breaking point. From four corners of the room hung Australian flags. At the Head of the long boardroom table sat Sir Norman Martin, chairman of the Australia Day Council. ...
There had been intense speculation earlier as to what the "special uniformed messenger" would be wearing when he arrived bearing a sealed envelope containing the Australian of the Year decision. ... He was made to walk from the lift door to Sir Norman twice to satisfy other television cameramen, until, rather thankfully, he at last handed the envelope over.
It was somehow an anticlimax when Sir Norman demanded: "Do you bear a message from the Premier?"
"Yes" said the messenger meekly, and as Sir Norman announced the winner to be Robert Helpmann, a shower of prepared press releases announcing the same thing landed gently on the table in front of the waiting pressmen.
—  The 1966 announcement of the Australian of the Year, as reported in The Age.
Since the 1960s, the annual announcement has become progressively more sophisticated. After the NADC took over in 1980 it usually presented the award at an Australia Day concert, which moved around the nation and was often televised. In the 1990s an Australia Day breakfast at Admiralty House in Sydney was the usual venue for the announcement, but more recently the concert has been revived and is held in the national capital.
A highly memorable Australian of the Year function occurred in 1994, when the guest of honour was the Prince of Wales. The Australian of the Year, environmentalist Ian Kiernan, sat on the stage after receiving his award, when a gunshot was heard and an assailant rushed toward Prince Charles. Kiernan jumped to his feet and wrestled the intruder to the ground with the assistance of New South Wales Premier John Fahey. Kiernan later recalled: 'the Premier and I lay on the stage, panting as the adrenaline began to flow, and wondering what to do next.'[25] As it turned out, the man was armed only with a toy cap pistol, but the incident was a serious security breach and somewhat upstaged Kiernan's award.
Since 2004 the award presentation has been held on Australia Day Eve in Canberra. The 32 finalists enjoy an eventful day including morning tea with the Prime Minister at The Lodge, and lunch with the Governor General at Yarralumla. The winners are announced on a specially erected stage in front of Parliament House, witnessed by a crowd of thousands and a national television audience. Specially produced video packages describe the winners in each of the four categories. The scale of the event displays a marked contrast to Sir Norman Martin's modest press conferences of the 1960s.
Medallions and trophies[edit]
The various medallions and trophies that have been presented to the Australians of the Year over fifty years are, in themselves, an interesting insight into changing understandings of what it means to be Australian. Reflecting his lofty ambitions for the new award, Sir Norman Martin announced a 'worldwide competition' to design the inaugural trophy in 1960.[26] Sir Norman hoped to attract entries from the world's finest artists, but the eventual winner was Victor Greenhalgh, the head of the Arts School at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Greenhalgh designed a bronze medallion, which reflected the prevailing mood as to the importance of Australia Day: its most prominent feature was a likeness of Governor Arthur Phillip, who was described on the medal as 'The Outstanding Australian [of] 1788.'[27] In 1961. The Age reported that Sir Macfarlane Burnet was anxious when a photographer asked him to display the medallion at the awards ceremony: 'The nervous scientist, whose hand with a pipette would be as steady as a rock, fumbled the medal and dropped it under the table.'[1]
Greenhalgh's bronze medallion was presented to winners of the Victorian-based Australian of the Year award for two decades. When the NADC assumed responsibility in 1980, it apparently overlooked the issue of a trophy, so Manning Clark received a framed certificate. For the 1986 award to Dick Smith, the NADC commissioned artist Michael Tracey to produce a more appropriate trophy, which the council described in its journal Australia Day Update: 'The trophy, symbolising achievement, incorporates a figure holding the Australian flag. The figure is made from steel and the lettering is in pewter.'[28] In the bicentenary year Tracey was asked to cast his trophy in bronze instead of steel.
In the early 1990s the NADC commissioned glass sculptor Warren Langley to create a new trophy based on the updated Australia Day logo. NADC chairman Phillip Adams had been criticised for removing the Australian flag from the logo and replacing it with a hand reaching for a star.[29] After Adams resigned his position in 1996, the NADC asked Langley to produce an alternative trophy, which featured a map of Australia.[30]
Melbourne-based artist Kristin McFarlane designed the current Australian of the Year trophy in 2004.[31] Like Langley, McFarlane works with glass, but she is also trained as a graphic designer; she combines both text and images and sets them in kilned glass to produce striking works of art. The task of designing a new trophy prompted McFarlane to think more deeply about national identity than she had before: 'It made me look at Australian identity and think about what was an Australian? Who is the archetypal Australian?' She quickly realised that an image of one person, or even a group of people, would not work, and that her images needed to be generic. She decided to use a map of Australia: 'It is one of the oldest continents in the world and it is a very recognisable form for anyone who lives here.'[32] McFarlane also chose to use the text of the National Anthem, but gave particularly prominence to the lesser-known second verse.
Australians of the Year Walk[edit]
Australians of the Year Walk
The "Australians of the Year Walk" in Canberra was designed by the National Capital Authority[33] and comprises a series of plinths, seats and lighting. Incorporated in the pathway are five metal strips set flush in the concrete, representing the five music stave lines. The plinths are placed in musical note position to the score of Advance Australia Fair (Australia's national anthem). Fixed to each plinth is an anodised aluminium plaque containing the names and images of the Australians of the Year. There is one plaque for each year of the award. The plaques are arranged chronologically, starting at the western end of the path near Commonwealth Avenue Bridge. The lake side is bordered by white paving stones, the land side by a white paved walkway.
The Australians of the Year Walk is on the shore of Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra.
The Walk is situated along a straight section of shoreline on Lake Burley Griffin between the National Library of Australia and the Commonwealth Avenue Bridge (35°17′42″S 149°07′44″E / 35.295°S 149.129°E / -35.295; 149.129 (Australians of the Year Walk)Coordinates: 35°17′42″S 149°07′44″E / 35.295°S 149.129°E / -35.295; 149.129 (Australians of the Year Walk)).
The Walk was opened by the then Prime Minister of Australia John Howard, on Australia Day, 26 January 2006.
In December 2007 journalist Mark McKenna visited the Australian of the Year Walk and interpreted it as a highly symbolic form of national memorial. The empty bollards stretching into the distance particularly intrigued him.[34]
These blank plaques – memorials to the future – stand as if waiting for the years to pass before they can be filled in and become whole. Yet strangely they seem more intriguing than the plaques that precede them. It is possible to imagine the line of blank plaques stretching on endlessly, and their emptiness begs the question: What sort of nation will Australia become over the next few decades?
—  Mark McKenna in The Monthly, March 2008.
Defining Australia[edit]
The Australian of the Year Awards represent only one of many ways in which national identity is expressed, but after fifty years they have become a significant part of the ongoing conversation about Australia's past, present and future. The awards have also attracted the interest of foreigners, including BBC correspondent Nick Bryant, who recently observed that the awards program 'offers an intriguing perspective on the Australian national character, which is both reinforcing and revelatory.'[35]
The Sydney Morning Herald critic who in 1960 lambasted the 'all-Victorian' selection panel for the inaugural award, also offered a more general critique of the proposed honour: 'It is seldom that one citizen is so obviously raised above his fellow-men as to deserve solemn investment with the title of the most representative or meritorious Australian.'[36] The journalist correctly forecasted that it would be almost impossible to choose a universally acceptable winner; but perhaps he overlooked the potential of the award to promote productive debate about Australian identity. Critics of the Australian of the Year are inevitably drawn into a national conversation about active citizenship and about what it is that Australians value about individual achievement and effort. There might not be consensus, but the awards encourage a conversation about national identity and the values of a civil society. In this way, the Australian of the Year Awards have inherent value, which is largely independent of the choices made by the selection committee each year.
Nevertheless, an ongoing challenge faced by the NADC is that it is hard to represent the diversity of Australian achievement when there is only one winner per category in each year. The ongoing debates about the numbers of winners from the sciences, arts and sport are evidence of this. In the future, these debates might revolve around other issues, including gender balance and ethnic diversity. Awards Director Tam Johnston suggests that the value of the awards program is best measured by consulting the complete list of finalists for each year.[37] In its 2005 Annual Report the NADC included a summary of the 111 finalists honoured nationally, which revealed a remarkable variety of achievement and a diversity of personal backgrounds.[38] Importantly, the NADC has recently devoted attention to promoting the state finals, which emphasises the wide variety of achievement that is recognised each year.
Not all of the debate and discussion generated by the awards program has been of a serious nature. A more light-hearted portrait can be found in the award-winning television satire We Can Be Heroes (2005), in which actor Chris Lilley plays five obscure nominees for the Australian of the Year award. One reviewer suggested that Lilley's creation was both a humorous mockumentary and a serious critique of the awards program: 'if you want a show that skewers the nation's pretensions and aspirations, while providing laugh-out-loud comedy, this is the real deal.'[39] All five characters have in one way or another inspired people in their local community, but none of them appears even a remotely suitable choice for Australian of the Year. Although primarily a vehicle for Lilley's comic talent, We Can Be Heroes is also a biting critique of what we look for in role models. In contrast, the magazine Eureka Street offers a strong endorsement of the awards program's potential:[40]
Critics might suggest that the awards are manipulated by politicians, or point to the fact that a number of former recipients such as Alan Bond subsequently fell from grace. But the fact remains that the naming of role models is an important community-building exercise. It assists young people to set goals for themselves, and encourages older people to take pride in what they have achieved.
—  Eureka Street, January 2007.
The editors of Eureka Street suggest that the awards have been successful in achieving one of the core goals of the National Australia Day Council, which is to "promote good citizenship, values and achievement by recognising excellence and service to the communities and the nation".[21]
See also[edit]
List of Australian of the Year Award recipients
List of Young Australian of the Year Award recipients
List of Senior Australian of the Year Award recipients
List of Australian Local Hero Award recipients
We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year, a mockumentary TV series based around the awards
Orders, decorations, and medals of Australia
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "none". The Age. 27 January 1961. p. 2.
Jump up ^ "An Overview". Australian of the Year Awards. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Australia Day Council (Victoria), 'Annual Report, 1970 – 1971'
Jump up ^ Whose Australian of the Year?
Jump up ^ The Australian's Australian of the Year
^ Jump up to: a b Interview with Phillip Adams, 16 December 2008
Jump up ^ "Editorial". The Sydney Morning Herald. 31 January 1988. p. 50.
Jump up ^ "Knock-out shock for Rose, Australian of the Year". The Age. 18 January 1972. p. 2.
Jump up ^ National Portrait Gallery (1996). Australians of the Year (exhibition catalogue). Canberra: National Library of Australia.
Jump up ^ Devine, Miranda (27 January 2016). "Sorry David, but it's the wrong fight". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Devine, Miranda (31 January 2016). "Miranda Devine: Australian of the Year has become a vehicle for feminist agenda". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Hedley (29 January 2016). "Cate McGregor's nomination: Canberra, that's in Queensland". The Australian. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sober reflections on Australia Day 2016". Sydney Morning Herald. 30 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Jump up ^ An Overview, Australian of the Year Awards (quotes the line from Phillip Adams, but no original source is cited)
Jump up ^ "Now Evonne Goolagong is Australian of the Year". The Age. 18 January 1972. p. 2.
Jump up ^ 'Executive Directors Meeting, 26–27 July 1982,' NAA C4688/1, Directors Meeting Folders, Box 13
Jump up ^ NAA C4688/1, Directors Meetings Folders
Jump up ^ 'Public Relations Report, June 1989,' NAA C4688/1, Directors Meetings Folders, Box 14
Jump up ^ National Australia Day Council, Annual Report 2004, Chairman's Message
Jump up ^ Interview with Warren Pearson, 27 March 2009
^ Jump up to: a b Charter. Annual Report. National Australia Day Council. 2007. p. 9.
Jump up ^ National Australia Day Council, Annual Report 2008, 'Chief Executive's Officer's Report,'
Jump up ^ State Library of Victoria, Subject File, 'Australian of the Year'
Jump up ^ "none". The Age. 15 January 1966. p. 2.
Jump up ^ Kiernan, Ian; Jarratt, Phil. Coming Clean. p. 223.
Jump up ^ "Annual Award for "Best" Australian". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 January 1960. p. 6.
Jump up ^ The Australia Day Award presented to Patrick White, Australian of the Year, 1973 (medal R 481), Mitchell Library (Australia)
Jump up ^ Australia Day Update, Vol 8 No 2 (1987)
Jump up ^ See NADC Directors Meeting, 25 November 1993, NAA C4688/1 Box 14
Jump up ^ Interview with Warren Langley, 20 February 2009
Jump up ^ 'Australian of the Year Trophies' Archived 21 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Interview with Kristin McFarlane, 12 January 2009
Jump up ^ "Australians of the Year Walk". National Capital Authority. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Jump up ^ McKenna, Mark (March 2008). "The Nation Reviewed". The Monthly (32): 10.
Jump up ^ Bryant, Nick (19 January 2009). "'Australian of the Year' blog". BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "none". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 July 1960. p. 38.
Jump up ^ Interview with Tam Johnston, 13 November 2008
Jump up ^ Annual Report. National Australia Day Council. 2005. p. 8.
Jump up ^ Hassall, Greg (31 August 2005). "Review: 'We Can Be Heroes: Finding the Australian of the Year'". The Sydney Morning Herald.
Jump up ^ "Editorial, 'Who makes you proud to be an Australian?'". Eureka Street: 1–2. 22 January 2007.
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A Cinderella Story
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see A Cinderella Story (disambiguation).
A Cinderella Story
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mark Rosman
Produced by
Clifford Werber
Ilyssa Goodman
Hunt Lowry
Dylan Sellers
Written by
Leigh Dunlap
Starring
Hilary Duff
Chad Michael Murray
Jennifer Coolidge
Regina King
Music by
Christophe Beck
Cinematography
Anthony B. Richmond
Edited by
Cara Silverman
Production
company
Gaylord Films
Clifford Werber Productions
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date
July 10, 2004 (2004-07-10) (Hollywood)
July 16, 2004 (2004-07-16) (United States)
Running time
95 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$19 million[1]
Box office
$70.1 million[1]
A Cinderella Story is a 2004 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Mark Rosman, written by Leigh Dunlap and stars Hilary Duff, Chad Michael Murray, Jennifer Coolidge and Regina King. A modernization of the classic Cinderella folklore, the film's plot revolves around two Internet pen pals who plan to meet in person at their high school's Halloween dance.
The film was released on July 16, 2004. While it received negative reviews from critics, the film was a box office success, grossing $70 million against its $19 million budget, and spawned three straight-to-video sequels.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
3.1 Box office
4 Soundtrack
5 Sequels
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Sam Montgomery lives in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, with her widowed father Hal, who runs a popular sports-themed diner. Hal soon marries a vain and selfish gold digger named Fiona, who has socially-awkward fraternal twin daughters, Brianna and Gabriella. During the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Hal is killed when he runs to save Fiona. Having supposedly left no will, Fiona receives all of his belongings, including the house, the diner, and to her dismay, Sam.
Eight years later, Sam is employed as a waitress at the diner to save money to attend Princeton University, but she is regularly tormented by her stepfamily, who constantly insult her and treat her as if they were popular, despite being regarded as obnoxious. Sam struggles to cope socially at North Valley High School, where queen bee cheerleader Shelby Cummings also torments her and calls her "Diner Girl", along with other members of the popular clique.
Sam confides in her online pen pal "Nomad" about her dream to attend Princeton, a dream which he also shares. However, Nomad's true identity is Austin Ames, the popular, yet unhappy, quarterback of the school's football team and Shelby's ex-boyfriend, although she refuses to accept that he has broken up with her. The reason why he is unhappy is because Austin's father planned for him to go to the University of Southern California with a football scholarship rather than going to Princeton. Nomad proposes that they meet in person at the school's Halloween themed homecoming dance. On the night of the dance, Fiona orders Sam to work the night shift at the diner, then leaves to drive Brianna and Gabriella to the dance. Initially reluctant, Sam is convinced by her best friend, Carter Ferrell, to go to the dance and meet her mysterious online friend.
Rhonda, Sam's other best friend, and the rest of the diner staff also convince her to disobey Fiona and go to the dance anyway. Sam, wearing a mask and a beautiful white dress, meets Nomad at the dance, and is surprised to learn that he is Austin, who had become smitten with her upon her entrance. The two decide to leave the party to walk alone and get to know each other a little better. While sharing a romantic dance, Sam and Austin begin to fall in love. But just as Austin is about to unmask her, Sam's cell phone alarm goes off, warning her to return to the diner before Fiona returns at midnight. She leaves without revealing her identity to Austin, and drops her phone on the way out.
Austin picks up her phone and begins a desperate search to figure out who his "Cinderella" really is, but every girl at school claims to be the mysterious owner of the phone. Sam is reluctant to reveal her identity to Austin, feeling that he will not accept her due to her being ordinary and Austin being popular. When Austin comes into the diner one day, Sam is forced to help him and, after a talk, she attempts to reveal her identity to him, but is cut off by Fiona. Sam's stepsisters later discover Sam and Austin's email relationship, and (after failing to convince Austin that one of them is the owner of the phone) convince Shelby that Sam tried to steal Austin from her. During a pep rally, they and the other cheerleaders humiliate Sam in front of the entire school and expose her identity as well as naming her an impostor. Austin, hurt by Sam's secrecy, does not step up to defend her, and Sam leaves the pep rally in tears.
Like Austin, Sam had been accepted at Princeton, only to be duped by Fiona into believing she was rejected by having a fake rejection letter made. Sam then decides to give up on her dreams and resigns herself to working at the diner, but Rhonda gives Sam a pep talk not to lose hope. When her stepsisters come into the diner, they slam the door, causing a guitar to fall off the wall, tearing the wallpaper down with it, and blame it on Sam. Sam then sees her father's words, "Never let the fear of striking out keep you from playing the game," on the wall and regains her confidence (in real life, this quote came from Babe Ruth). She stands up to Fiona and her stepsisters stating that she will no longer put up with their emotional abuse, quits her job at the diner, and moves in with Rhonda, who also quits along with the entire diner staff, all of whom had only put up with so many years of Fiona's abuse after Hal's death for Sam's sake. The customers, who witness the entire scene, promptly leave in disgust as well.
Before the school's homecoming football game, Sam confronts Austin about his cowardice and not defending her at the pep rally. Before the final play of the game, he sees Sam making her way out of the stands, and finally stands up to his father, saying he wants to attend Princeton rather than simply play football all his life. He chases after Sam and apologizes. She accepts his apology, and they share their first kiss as rain falls over the drought-plagued valley (at the same time, the North Valley Fighting Frogs win the football game). Soon after, Sam finds Hal's will hidden in her childhood fairy-tale book, stating that all of his money & possessions actually belong to her. Since this leaves her as the rightful and legal owner, Sam sells her stepfamily's fancy cars so that she can pay for college, and Fiona, who signed the will as a witness but claims to have never seen it before, is arrested for financial fraud and violating California's child labor laws for all the times she made Sam work long hours at the diner in spite of her being a minor.
Sam finds that she was in fact accepted at Princeton; the acceptance letter is retrieved from the garbage by her stepsisters, who knew where Fiona hid it. Fiona, Brianna, and Gabriella are made by the District Attorney to work off the money they stole from Sam at the diner, which is restored to its former glory by its new owners, Sam and Rhonda. Also, Austin's father comes to accept his son's desire to attend Princeton. Things even work out in the end for Carter as he makes a commercial for acne medication. Shelby, having previously rejected Carter for being an outcast even after he was a proper gentleman to her at the Halloween dance, aims to pursue him since he is now popular, but after finally seeing her true shallow and cruel nature, he turns her down for Astrid, the high school's goth DJ and announcer. The film ends with Sam and Austin, now officially a couple, driving off to Princeton together after Sam gets her phone back from Austin.
Cast[edit]
Hilary Duff as Samantha "Sam" Montgomery
Hannah Robinson as Young Sam
Chad Michael Murray as Austin Ames
Whip Hubley as Harold "Hal" Montgomery, Sam's dad
Jennifer Coolidge as Fiona, Sam's stepmom
Regina King as Rhonda
Dan Byrd as Carter Farrell
Madeline Zima as Brianna
Carlie Westerman as Young Brianna
Andrea Avery as Gabriella
Lilli Babb as Young Gabriella
Julie Gonzalo as Shelby Cummings
Brad Bufanda as David
Simon Helberg as Terry
J. D. Pardo as Ryan Hanson
Aimee Lynn Chadwick as Astrid, the campus DJ
Erica Hubbard as Madison
Kady Cole as Caitlyn
Mary Pat Gleason as Eleanor
Paul Rodriguez as Bobby
Lin Shaye as Mrs. Wells
Kevin Kilner as Andy Ames, Austin's dad
James Eckhouse as Mr. Farrell, Carter's dad
Reception[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 11% based on 103 reviews, with an average rating of 3.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An uninspired, generic updating of the classic fairy tale."[2] On Metacritic, the film has a score on 25 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[3] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[4]
Roger Ebert called A Cinderella Story "a lame, stupid movie".[5] The film was nominated for five Teen Choice Awards at the 2005 ceremony, winning the award for Choice Movie Blush Scene, the same year Duff won the Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actress. In 2005, Duff also received a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress nomination.
Box office[edit]
In its opening weekend, the film grossed $13,623,350 in 2,625 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #4 at the box office, behind I, Robot, Spider-Man 2 and Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy. By the end of its run, A Cinderella Story grossed $51,438,175 domestically and $18,629,734 internationally, totaling $70,067,909 worldwide.[1]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: A Cinderella Story: Original Soundtrack
Sequels[edit]
The film was followed by three direct-to-video sequels, Another Cinderella Story (2008), A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song (2011) and A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits (2016). The sequels use the themes and situations but do not contain any characters from the first film. Unlike the first film, the sequels also include musical and dance themes.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "A Cinderella Story (2004)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
Jump up ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/cinderella_story/
Jump up ^ http://www.metacritic.com/movie/a-cinderella-story
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
Jump up ^ http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-cinderella-story-2004
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: A Cinderella Story
Official website
A Cinderella Story on IMDb
A Cinderella Story at AllMovie
A Cinderella Story at Box Office Mojo
A Cinderella Story at Rotten Tomatoes
A Cinderella Story at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
e
A Cinderella Story
Films
A Cinderella Story (2004)
Another Cinderella Story (2008)
A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song (2011)
A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits (2016)
Soundtracks
A Cinderella Story: Original Soundtrack
Another Cinderella Story
A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song
A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits
Songs
"Our Lips Are Sealed"
"Tell Me Something I Don't Know"
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Mark Rosman
The House on Sorority Row (1983)
The Blue Yonder (1985)
Spot Marks the X (1986)
The Force (1994)
Evolver (1995)
The Invader (1997)
Life-Size (2000)
Model Behavior (2000)
A Cinderella Story (2004)
The Perfect Man (2005)
Princess (2008)
Snow 2: Brain Freeze (2008)
William & Kate: The Movie (2011)
A Wish Come True (2015)
Time Toys (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
Cinderella by Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm
Characters
Buttons
Cinderella
Ugly sisters
Fairy godmother
Wicked stepmother
Prince Charming
Films
Cinderella (1899)
Cinderella or the Glass Slipper (1912)
Cinderella (1914)
A Lowland Cinderella (1921)
Ella Cinders (1926)
The Cookie Carnival (1935)
The Magic Shoes (1935)
First Love (1939)
Cinderella (1947)
Cinderella (1950)
The Glass Slipper (1955)
Cinderfella (1960)
Stop! Look! and Laugh (1960)
More Than a Miracle (1967)
Tři oříšky pro Popelku (1973)
The Slipper and the Rose (1976)
Cinderella (1979)
Cinderella '80 (1984)
Maid to Order (1987)
If the Shoe Fits (1990)
Cinderella (1994)
Ever After (1998)
A Cinderella Story (2004)
Ella Enchanted (2004)
Cinderella (2006)
Elle: A Modern Cinderella Tale (2010)
Cinderella (2015)
Animation
Cinderella Blues (1931)
Poor Cinderella (1934)
Cinderella Meets Fella (1938)
Swing Shift Cinderella (1945)
Cinderella (1950)
Señorella and the Glass Huarache (1964)
Cinderella (1979)
The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin (1981)
The Magic Riddle (1991)
Happily N'Ever After (2007)
Year of the Fish (2008)
Charming (2017)
Sequels
Princess Cinderella (1941)
Cinderella II: Dreams Come True (2002)
Cinderella III: A Twist in Time (2007)
Another Cinderella Story (2008)
A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song (2011)
A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits (2016)
Television
Hey, Cinderella! (1968)
Cindy (1978)
Cinderella Monogatari (1996)
Cinderella (1997)
CinderElmo (1999)
Cinderella (2000)
La Cenicienta (2003)
Bawang Merah Bawang Putih (2004)
Floricienta (2004)
Floribella (2005 Brazil)
Floribella (2006 Portugal)
Grazilda (2010)
Rags (2012)
Aik Nayee Cinderella (2012)
Literary adaptations
Celestina (1791)
Cinderella, or the Little Glass Slipper (1954)
Nine Coaches Waiting (1958)
Carrie (1974)
The Coachman Rat (1989)
Witches Abroad (1991)
Ella Enchanted (1997)
I Was a Rat! or The Scarlet Slippers (1999)
Just Ella (1999)
Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister (1999)
Chinese Cinderella (1999)
The Fairy Godmother (2004)
Phoenix and Ashes (2004)
Bella at Midnight (2006)
Ash (2009)
Princess of Glass (2010)
Cinder (2012)
Opera
Cendrillon (1810 Isouard)
La Cenerentola (1817 Rossini)
Cendrillon (1899 Massenet)
Cendrillon (1904 Viardot)
La Cenicienta (1966 Hen)
Ballet
Cinderella (1893 Fitinhof-Schell)
Aschenbrödel (1900 Strauss-Bayer)
Cinderella (1945 Prokofiev)
Cinderella (1948 Ashton)
Musicals
Cinderella and the Prince, or The Castle of Heart's Desire (1904)
Stubborn Cinderella (1909)
Mr. Cinders (1929)
Cinderella (1957)
Cindy (1964)
The Penny Friend (1966)
The Slipper and the Rose (1984)
Soho Cinders (2008)
Cinderella (2013)
Plays
A Kiss for Cinderella (1916)
Comics
Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love
Cinderalla
Songs
"Spread a Little Happiness" (1929)
"Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" (1949)
"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes" (1950)
"Cinderella" (1987)
"Hey Cinderella" (1993)
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The Sixth Sense
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see The Sixth Sense (disambiguation).
The Sixth Sense
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
M. Night Shyamalan
Produced by
Frank Marshall
Kathleen Kennedy
Barry Mendel
Written by
M. Night Shyamalan
Starring
Bruce Willis
Toni Collette
Olivia Williams
Haley Joel Osment
Music by
James Newton Howard
Cinematography
Tak Fujimoto
Edited by
Andrew Mondshein
Production
company
Hollywood Pictures
Spyglass Entertainment
The Kennedy/Marshall Company
Barry Mendel Productions
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release date
August 2, 1999 (1999-08-02) (Prince Music Theater)
August 6, 1999 (1999-08-06) (United States)
Running time
107 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$40 million[1]
Box office
$672.8 million[1]
The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film tells the story of Cole Sear (Haley Joel Osment), a troubled, isolated boy who is able to see and talk to the dead, and an equally troubled child psychologist named Malcolm Crowe (Bruce Willis) who tries to help him. The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director, and introduced the cinema public to his traits, most notably his affinity for surprise endings.
Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6, 1999, the film was received well; critics highlighted the performances (especially by Osment, Collette and Willis), its atmosphere, and twist conclusion. The film was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999 (behind Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace), grossing about $293 million domestically and $672 million worldwide. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Shyamalan, Best Original Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor for Osment, and Best Supporting Actress for Toni Collette.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reaction
4.3 Accolades
4.4 American Film Institute lists
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Malcolm Crowe, a child psychologist in Philadelphia, returns home one night with his wife, Anna, after having been honored for his work. Anna tells Crowe that everything is second to his work, and that she believes he is truly gifted. A young man then appears in their bathroom, and accuses Crowe of failing him. Crowe recognizes him as Vincent Grey, a former patient whom he treated as a child for hallucinations. Vincent shoots his former doctor before killing himself.
The next fall, Crowe begins working with another patient, nine-year-old Cole Sear, whose case is similar to Vincent's. Crowe becomes dedicated to the boy, though he is haunted by doubts over his ability to help him after his failure with Vincent. Meanwhile, he and his wife seldom, if ever, speak or do anything together. Crowe feels he must help Cole in order to rectify his failure to help Vincent and reconcile with his wife. Cole's mother, Lynn worries about his social stamina, especially after seeing signs of physical abuse. Cole eventually confides his secret to Crowe: he sees ghosts, who walk around like the living unaware they are dead.
At first, Crowe thinks Cole is delusional and considers dropping his case. Remembering Vincent, the psychologist listens to an audiotape from a session with Vincent when he was a child. On the tape, when Crowe leaves the room, Vincent begins crying. Turning up the volume, Crowe hears a weeping man begging for help in Spanish, and now believes that Cole is telling the truth and that Vincent may have had the same ability. He suggests to Cole that he should try to find a purpose for his gift by communicating with the ghosts and perhaps aid them with their unfinished business. At first, Cole is unwilling since the ghosts terrify and sometimes even threaten him, but he finally decides to attempt helping.
Cole talks to one of the ghosts, a young girl named Kyra who recently died after a chronic illness. He goes with Crowe to her funeral reception at her home, where Kyra directs him to a box holding a videotape, which he then gives to her father. The tape shows Kyra's stepmother poisoning her stepdaughter's food. By proving she was a victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Cole has saved Kyra's younger sister, the stepmother's next victim.
Learning to live with the ghosts he sees, Cole begins to fit in at school and is cast as the lead in the school play, which Crowe attends. The doctor and patient depart on positive terms and Cole suggests to Crowe that he should try speaking to Anna while she is asleep. Later, while stuck in traffic, Cole confesses his secret to his mother, saying that someone died in an accident ahead of their traffic and he knows because the person is next to him. Although his mother at first does not believe him, Cole proves his ability to her by talking about how his grandmother visits him. He describes how his grandmother saw his mother in a dance performance, even though Lynn thought her mother was not there. He further relays the answer to a question his mother privately asked at her mother's grave. When Cole says that his grandmother feels proud of Lynn, his mother tearfully accepts the truth and they hug each other.
Crowe returns home, where he finds his wife asleep with their wedding video playing. While still asleep, Anna asks her husband why he left her, and drops Crowe's wedding ring, which he suddenly discovers he has not been wearing. He remembers what Cole said about ghosts and realizes that he was actually killed by Vincent and was unknowingly dead the entire time he was working with Cole. Because of Cole's efforts, Crowe's unfinished business - rectifying his failure to understand and help Vincent - is finally complete. Crowe fulfills the second reason he returned; to tell his wife she was never second, and that he loves her. His goal complete, he is free to leave the world of the living.
Cast[edit]
Bruce Willis as Malcolm Crowe
Haley Joel Osment as Cole Sear
Toni Collette as Lynn Sear
Olivia Williams as Anna Crowe
Donnie Wahlberg as Vincent Grey
Glenn Fitzgerald as Sean
Mischa Barton as Kyra Collins
Trevor Morgan as Tommy Tammisimo
Bruce Norris as Mr. Stanley Cunningham
Angelica Page as Mrs. Collins
Greg Wood as Mr. Collins
M. Night Shyamalan as Dr. Hill
Peter Tambakis as Darren
Jeffrey Zubernis as Bobby
Production[edit]
David Vogel, then-president of production of The Walt Disney Studios, read Shyamalan's spec script and instantly loved it. Without obtaining corporate approval, Vogel bought the rights to the script, despite the high price of $3 million and the stipulation that Shyamalan could direct the film.[2] Disney later dismissed Vogel from his position at the studio, with Vogel leaving the company shortly thereafter.[3] Disney—apparently in a show of little confidence in the film—sold the production rights to Spyglass Entertainment, while retaining the distribution rights and 12.5% of the film's box office receipt.
The color red is intentionally absent from most of the film, but it is used prominently in a few isolated shots for "anything in the real world that has been tainted by the other world"[4] and "to connote really explosively emotional moments and situations".[5] Examples include the door of the church where Cole seeks sanctuary; the balloon, carpet, and Cole's sweater at the birthday party; the tent in which he first encounters Kyra; the volume numbers on Crowe's tape recorder; the doorknob on the locked basement door where Malcolm's office is located; the shirt that Anna wears at the restaurant; Kyra's mother's dress at the wake; and the shawl wrapped around the sleeping Anna.
All of the clothes Malcolm wears during the film are items he wore or touched the evening before his death, which included his overcoat, his blue rowing sweatshirt and the different layers of his suit. Though the filmmakers were careful about clues of Malcolm's true state, the camera zooms slowly towards his face when Cole says, "I see dead people." In a special feature, the filmmakers mention they initially feared this would be too much of a giveaway, but decided to leave it in.[6]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The film had a production budget of approximately $40 million (plus $25 million for prints and advertising). It grossed $26.6 million in its opening weekend and spent five weeks as the No. 1 film at the U.S. box office.[1] It earned $293,506,292 in the United States and a worldwide gross of $672,806,292, ranking it 35th on the list of box-office money earners in the U.S. as of April 2010.[7] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 57.5 million tickets in the US.[8] In the United Kingdom, it was given at first a limited release at 9 screens, and entered at No. 8 before climbing up to No. 1 the next week with 430 theatres playing the film.[9][10]
Critical reaction[edit]
The Sixth Sense received positive reviews;[11] Osment in particular was singled out for his acting.[12] Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 85% of 148 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 7.6/10. The site's consensus reads: "M. Night Shayamalan's The Sixth Sense is a twisty ghost story with all the style of a classical Hollywood picture, but all the chills of a modern horror flick."[13] Metacritic rated it 64 out of 100 based on 35 reviews.[14]
By vote of the members of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, The Sixth Sense was awarded the Nebula Award for Best Script during 1999.[15] The film was No. 71 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments, for the scene where Cole encounters a female ghost in his tent. It was named the 89th best American film of all time in a 2007 poll by the American Film Institute.
The line "I see dead people" from the film became a popular catchphrase after its release, scoring No. 44 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes. There have been various parodies of this quote.
The Sixth Sense also scored 60th place on AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills, honoring America's most "heart pounding movies".
Accolades[edit]
Further information: List of accolades received by The Sixth Sense
The Sixth Sense has received numerous awards and nominations, with Academy Award nomination categories ranging from those honoring the film itself (Best Picture), to its writing, editing, and direction (Best Director, Best Editing, and Best Original Screenplay), to its cast's performance (Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress). Especially lauded was the supporting role of actor Haley Joel Osment, whose nominations include an Academy Award,[16] a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award,[17] and a Golden Globe Award.[18] Overall, The Sixth Sense was nominated for six Academy Awards and four British Academy Film Awards, but won none.[16][19] The film received three nominations from the People's Choice Awards and won all of them, with lead actor Bruce Willis being honored for his role.[20] The Satellite Awards nominated the film in four categories, with awards being received for writing (M. Night Shyamalan) and editing (Andrew Mondshein).[21] Supporting actress Toni Collette was nominated for both an Academy Award and a Satellite award for her role in the film.[16][21] James Newton Howard was honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers for his composition of the music for the film.[22]
In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay #50 on its list of 101 Greatest Screenplays ever written.[23]
American Film Institute lists[edit]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – No. 60
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"I see dead people." – No. 44
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – No. 89
See also[edit]
List of ghost films
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Sixth Sense (1999)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Weiner, Allison Hope (June 2, 2008). "Shyamalan’s Hollywood Horror Story, With Twist". The New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bart, Peter (July 2, 2012). "Moguls make switch after power turns off: Is there life after Hollywood?". Variety. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Screenwriter/director M. Night Shyamalan, "Rules and Clues" bonus featurette on the DVD.
Jump up ^ Producer Barry Mendel, "Rules and Clues" bonus featurette on the DVD.
Jump up ^ Producer Frank Marshall, "Rules and Clues" bonus featurette on the DVD.
Jump up ^ "The Sixth Sense – Box Office Data". Retrieved 2008-03-09.
Jump up ^ "The Sixth Sense (1999)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "United Kingdom Box Office Returns for the weekend starting 5 November 1999". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
Jump up ^ "United Kingdom Box Office Returns for the weekend starting 12 November 1999". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
Jump up ^ Natale, Richard (1999-08-09). "'Sense' Shows Its Powers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
Jump up ^ King, Susan (1999-08-13). "Actor Has a Sense for Spooky Role". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
Jump up ^ "The Sixth Sense (1999)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-10-28.
Jump up ^ "The Sixth Sense". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Nebula Awards Winners by Category". Locus. Retrieved 2014-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Sixth Sense – 1999 Academy Awards Profile". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ellen A. Kim (December 22, 1999). "Another Day, Another Movie Award". Hollywood.com. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Sixth Sense". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Awards Database". British Academy Film Awards. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Sixth Sense' tops People's Choice Awards". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. January 10, 2000. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "2000 4th Annual SATELLITE Awards". International Press Academy. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Don Heckman (April 27, 2000). "Howard, Donen Honored by ASCAP". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Savage, Sophia (February 27, 2013). "WGA Lists Greatest Screenplays, From 'Casablanca' and 'Godfather' to 'Memento' and 'Notorious'". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiversity has learning resources about What is the sixth sense?
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Sixth Sense
The Sixth Sense on IMDb
The Sixth Sense at the American Film Institute Catalog
The Sixth Sense at AllMovie
The Sixth Sense at Rotten Tomatoes
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The Sixth Sense (1999)
Unbreakable (2000)
Signs (2002)
The Village (2004)
Lady in the Water (2006)
The Happening (2008)
The Last Airbender (2010)
After Earth (2013)
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Split (2016)
Glass (2019)
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Sleeper – Woody Allen (1974)
Young Frankenstein – Mel Brooks and Gene Wilder (1975)
Star Wars – George Lucas (1977)
The Sixth Sense – M. Night Shyamalan (1999)
Galaxy Quest – David Howard and Robert Gordon (2000)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon James Schamus, Kuo Jung Tsai, and Hui-Ling Wang (2001)
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The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King – Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, and Peter Jackson (2004)
Serenity – Joss Whedon (2005)
Howl's Moving Castle – Hayao Miyazaki, Cindy Davis Hewitt, and Donald H. Hewitt (2006)
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WALL-E – Andrew Stanton, Jim Reardon, and Pete Docter (2008)
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District 9 – Neill Blomkamp and Terri Tatchell (2009)
Inception – Christopher Nolan (2010)
Doctor Who: "The Doctor's Wife" – Richard Clark and Neil Gaiman (2011)
Beasts of the Southern Wild – Benh Zeitlin, Lucy Alibar (2012)
Gravity – Alfonso Cuarón and Jonás Cuarón (2013)
Guardians of the Galaxy – James Gunn and Nicole Perlman (2014)
Mad Max: Fury Road – George Miller, Brendan McCarthy, and Nico Lathouris (2015)
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Poltergeist (1982)
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The Lost Boys (1987)
Beetlejuice (1988)
Arachnophobia (1989/90)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
Army of Darkness (1993)
Interview with the Vampire (1994)
From Dusk till Dawn (1995)
Scream (1996)
The Devil's Advocate (1997)
Apt Pupil (1998)
The Sixth Sense (1999)
Final Destination (2000)
The Others (2001)
The Ring (2002)
28 Days Later (2003)
Shaun of the Dead (2004)
The Exorcism of Emily Rose (2005)
The Descent (2006)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008)
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The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011)
The Cabin in the Woods (2012)
The Conjuring (2013)
Dracula Untold (2014)
Crimson Peak (2015)
Don't Breathe (2016)
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Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie – Drama
Cruel Intentions (1999)
The Sixth Sense (2000)
Pearl Harbor (2001)
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None (2003)
None (2004)
The Notebook (2005)
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Black Swan (2011)
The Lucky One (2012)
The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2013)
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If I Stay (2015)
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