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Scarlett O'Hara
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For the instrumental composition, see Scarlett O'Hara (instrumental).
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Scarlett O'Hara
Scarlett O'Hara as portrayed by Vivien Leigh in the 1939 film adaptation of Gone with the Wind
First appearance
Gone with the Wind
Created by
Margaret Mitchell
Portrayed by
Vivien Leigh (Gone with the Wind)
Joanne Whalley (Scarlett)
Information
Full name
Katie Scarlett O'Hara
Gender
Female
Family
Gerald O'Hara (father, deceased)
Ellen Robillard O'Hara (mother, deceased)
Susan Elinor "Suellen" O'Hara Benteen (sister)
Caroline Irene "Carreen" O'Hara (sister)
Gerald O'Hara Jr. (name of 3 brothers, all deceased)
Spouse(s)
Charles Hamilton
(1st; deceased)
Frank Kennedy
(2nd; deceased)
Rhett Butler
(3rd; separated )
Children
Wade Hampton Hamilton
(son with Charles)
Ella Lorena Kennedy
(daughter with Frank)
Eugenie Victoria "Bonnie Blue" Butler
(daughter with Rhett; deceased)
Katie Colum "Cat" Butler
(daughter with Rhett in Scarlett)
Relatives
Langston Butler (father-in-law named in Scarlett; deceased)
Eleanor Butler (mother-in-law in sequel Scarlett)
Ross Butler (brother-in-law named in Scarlett)
Rosemary Butler (sister-in-law)
Pauline Robillard (maternal aunt)
Eulalie Robillard (maternal aunt)
Philippe Robillard (cousin of her mother)
James O'Hara (paternal uncle)
Andrew O'Hara (paternal uncle)
Pierre Robillard (maternal grandfather)
Solange Prudhomme Robillard (maternal grandmother)
Katie Scarlett O'Hara (paternal grandmother)
Will Benteen (brother-in-law)
Unnamed Benteen (niece or nephew, via Suellen and Will)
Melanie Hamilton (sister-in-law)
Beau Wilkes (nephew)
Religion
Roman Catholicism[1]
Katie Scarlett O'Hara is a fictional character and the main protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the later film of the same name. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as "Pansy", and did not decide on the name "Scarlett" until just before the novel went to print.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Personality
3 Searching for Scarlett
4 Other actresses considered
5 Adaptations
6 Historical sources for the character
7 Comparisons to other characters
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Biography[edit]
O'Hara is the oldest living child of Gerald and Ellen O'Hara. She was born in 1844 or 1845 on her family's plantation Tara in Georgia. She was named Katie Scarlett, after her father's mother, but is always called Scarlett, except by her father, who refers to her as "Katie Scarlett."[3] She is from a Catholic family of Irish and French ancestry, and a descendent of an aristocratic Savannah family on her mother's side (the Robillards). O'Hara has black hair, green eyes, and pale skin. She is famous for her fashionably small waist.[4] Scarlett has two younger sisters, Susan Elinor ("Suellen") O'Hara and Caroline Irene ("Carreen") O'Hara, and three little brothers who died in infancy. Her baby brothers are buried in the family burying ground at Tara, and each was named Gerald O'Hara, Jr.
Personality[edit]
Scarlett O'Hara is an atypical protagonist, especially as a female romantic lead in fiction. When the novel opens, Scarlett is sixteen. She is vain, self-centered, and very spoiled by her wealthy parents. She can also be insecure, but is very intelligent, despite her fashionable Southern-belle pretense at ignorance and helplessness around men. She is somewhat unusual among Southern women, whom society preferred to act as dainty creatures who needed protection from their men. Scarlett is aware that she is only acting empty-headed, and resents the fashionable "necessity" of it, unlike most of her typical party-going Southern belles social set.
Outwardly, Scarlett is the picture of southern charm and womanly virtues, and a popular belle with the country males. The one man she truly wants, however, is her neighbor, Ashley Wilkes – the one man she can't have. The Wilkes family has a tradition of intermarrying with their cousins, and Ashley is promised to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton of Atlanta. Scarlett's motivation in the early part of the novel centers on her desire to win Ashley's heart. When he refuses her advances (which no well-bred Southern lady would be so forward as to make), she takes refuge in childish rage, and spitefully accepts the proposal of Charles Hamilton, Melanie's brother, in a misguided effort to get back at Ashley and Melanie.
Rhett Butler, a wealthy older bachelor and a society pariah, overhears Scarlett express her love to Ashley during a barbecue at Twelve Oaks, the Wilkes' estate. Rhett admires Scarlett's willfulness and her departure from accepted propriety as well as her beauty. He pursues Scarlett, but is aware of her impetuousness, childish spite, and her fixation on Ashley. He assists Scarlett in defiance of proper Victorian mourning customs when her husband, Charles Hamilton, dies in a training camp, and Rhett encourages her hoydenish behavior (by antebellum custom) in Atlanta society. Scarlett, privately chafing from the strict rules of polite society, finds friendship with Rhett liberating.
The Civil War sweeps away the lifestyle for which Scarlett was raised, and Southern society falls into ruin. Scarlett, left destitute after Sherman's army marches through Georgia, becomes the sole source of strength for her family. Her character begins to harden as her relatives, the family slaves and the Wilkes family look to her for protection from homelessness and starvation. Scarlett becomes money-conscious and more materialistic in her motivation to ensure that her family survives and Tara stays in her family, while other Georgia planters are losing their homes. This extends to stealing her younger sister's fiancé, going into business herself (well-bred southern ladies never worked outside the home), engaging in controversial business practices and even exploiting convict labor in order to make her lumber business profit. Her conduct results in the accidental death of her second husband, Frank Kennedy, and shortly after she marries Rhett Butler for "fun" and because he is very wealthy.
Scarlett is too insecure and vain to truly grow up and realize her pursuit of Ashley is misdirected until the climax of the novel. With the death of Melanie Wilkes, she realizes her pursuit of Ashley was a childish romance. She realizes she never really loved Ashley and that she has loved Rhett Butler for some time. She pursues Rhett from the Wilkes home to their home, only to discover he has given up hope of ever receiving her love, and is about to leave her. After telling him she loves him, he refuses to stay with her, which leads to the famous line, "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn." Wracked with grief, but determined to once again pursue and win her man, realizing that Tara is what matters most to her (other than Rhett) Scarlet returns home to Tara to launch her pursuit of Rhett at a later time.
Searching for Scarlett[edit]
While the studio and the public agreed that the part of Rhett Butler should go to Clark Gable (except for Clark Gable himself), casting for the role of Scarlett was harder. The search for an actress to play Scarlett in the film version of the novel famously drew the biggest names in the history of cinema, such as Bette Davis (who had been cast as a Southern belle in Jezebel in 1938), and Katharine Hepburn, who went so far as demanding an appointment with producer David O. Selznick and saying, "I am Scarlett O'Hara! The role is practically written for me." Selznick replied rather bluntly, "I can't imagine Rhett Butler chasing you for twelve years." [5] Jean Arthur and Lucille Ball were also considered, as well as relatively unknown actress Doris Davenport. Susan Hayward was "discovered" when she tested for the part, and the career of Lana Turner developed quickly after her screen test. Tallulah Bankhead and Joan Bennett were widely considered to be the most likely choices until they were supplanted by Paulette Goddard.
The young English actress Vivien Leigh, virtually unknown in America, saw that several English actors, including Ronald Colman and Leslie Howard, were in consideration for the male leads in Gone with the Wind. Her agent happened to be the London representative of the Myron Selznick talent agency, headed by David Selznick's brother, Myron. Leigh asked Myron to put her name into consideration as Scarlett on the eve of the American release of her picture Fire Over England in February 1938. David Selznick watched both Fire Over England and her most recent picture, A Yank at Oxford, that month, and thought she was excellent but in no way a possible Scarlett, as she was "too British". But Myron Selznick arranged for David to first meet Leigh on the night in December 1938 when the burning of the Atlanta Depot was being filmed on the Forty Acres backlot that Selznick International and RKO shared. Leigh and her then lover Laurence Olivier (later to be her husband) were visiting as guests of Myron Selznick, who was also Olivier's agent, while Leigh was in Hollywood hoping for a part in Olivier's current movie, Wuthering Heights. In a letter to his wife two days later, David Selznick admitted that Leigh was "the Scarlett dark horse", and after a series of screen tests, her casting was announced on January 13, 1939. Just before the shooting of the film, Selznick informed Ed Sullivan: "Scarlett O'Hara's parents were French and Irish. Identically, Miss Leigh's parents are French and Irish."[6]
In any case, Leigh was cast—despite public protest that the role was too "American" for an English actress—but Leigh was able to pull off the role so well that she eventually won an Academy Award for her performance as Scarlett O'Hara.
Other actresses considered[edit]
A great number of actresses were considered. In fact, there were approximately 32 women who were considered and or tested for the role. The search for Scarlett began in 1936 (the year of the book's publication) and ended in December 1938.[7]
Between 1936 and 1938, the following actresses were considered for the role, which required playing Scarlett from 16 years of age until she was 28 (actress age in 1939, the year of Gone With the Wind's release, when Leigh was 26).
Lucille Ball (28)
Constance Bennett (35)
Clara Bow (34)
Mary Brian (33)
Ruth Chatterton (47)
Claudette Colbert (36)
Joan Crawford (35)
Bette Davis (31)
Frances Dee (30)
Irene Dunne (41)
Madge Evans (30)
Glenda Farrell (35)
Alice Faye (24)
Joan Fontaine (22), sister of Olivia de Havilland, who played Mellie (23)
Kay Francis (34)
Janet Gaynor (33)
Paulette Goddard (29)
Jean Harlow (28)
Susan Hayward (22)
Katharine Hepburn (32)
Miriam Hopkins (37)
Rochelle Hudson (23)
Dorothy Lamour (25)
Andrea Leeds[8] (25)
Carole Lombard (31)
Anita Louise (24)
Myrna Loy (34)
Pola Negri (42)
Maureen O'Sullivan (28)
Merle Oberon (28)
Ginger Rogers (28)
Norma Shearer (37)
Ann Sheridan (24)
Gale Sondergaard, who also was considered for but ultimately lost the role of the Wicked Witch of the West the same year[8] (40)
Barbara Stanwyck (32)
Gloria Stuart (29)
Margaret Sullavan (30)
Gloria Swanson (40)
Lana Turner who was considered by Cukor to be too young to have the depth for the role (18)
Linda Watkins (31)
Mae West (46)
Jane Wyman (22)
Loretta Young (26)
Between late 1937 and mid-1938, approximately 128 actresses were nominated for the role of Scarlett through letters of suggestion sent to Selznick International Pictures from the public.[8]
Adaptations[edit]
A 1966 musical stage adaptation was a major hit in Japan and London's West End, but failed to survive in America where it starred Lesley Ann Warren and Harve Presnell. It closed after engagements in Los Angeles and San Francisco, never opening on Broadway.
In 1980 a film about the search for Scarlett O'Hara was made entitled Moviola: The Scarlett O'Hara War with actress Morgan Brittany impersonating Vivien Leigh, whom she resembled.
In the 1994 TV mini-series based on the sequel Scarlett, the character was played by English actress Joanne Whalley.
In the Margaret Martin musical Gone with the Wind, the role of Scarlett O'Hara was originated by Jill Paice.
In the South Korean stage production Girls' Generation member Seohyun played Scarlett, alongside Bada, former member of S.E.S..
Historical sources for the character[edit]
While Margaret Mitchell used to say that her Gone with The Wind characters were not based on real people, modern researchers have found similarities to some of the people in Mitchell's own life as well as individuals she heard of. Rhett Butler is thought to be based on Mitchell's first husband, Red Upshaw. Scarlett's upbringing resembled that of Mitchell's maternal grandmother, Annie Fitzgerald Stephens (1844–1934), who was raised on a plantation in Clayton County, Georgia (where the fictional Tara was placed), and whose father was an Irish immigrant. Another source for Scarlett might have been Martha Bulloch Roosevelt, the mother of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt. Martha grew up in a beautiful Southern mansion, Bulloch Hall, in Roswell, just north of Atlanta, Georgia. Her physical appearance, beauty, grace and intelligence were well known to Mitchell and the personality similarities (the positive ones) between Martha, who was also called Mittie, and Scarlett were striking.[citation needed]
Comparisons to other characters[edit]
Troy Patterson of Entertainment Weekly argued that Ally McBeal, the main character of the television series with the same name, has similarities to O'Hara and that "Scarlett and Ally are fairy-tale princesses who bear about as much resemblance to real women as Barbie and Skipper."[9] Patterson wrote that Ally is similar because she is also a child from a ruling class family, "pines hopelessly after an unavailable dreamboat", and has a "sassy black roommate" in place of a "mammy" to "comfort her".[9]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Taylor, 1989 & 62.
Jump up ^ "Shrewd, Selfish Scarlett: A Complicated Heroine". NPR. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
Jump up ^ Mitchell 1936, pp. 404, 413, 451.
Jump up ^ "[T]here was no one in Fayetteville, Jonesboro or in three counties, for that matter, who had so small a waist." Mitchell 1936, pp. 75–76. With a tightly-laced corset, she could fit into a dress with a 17-inch dress. Mitchell 1936, p. 76.
Jump up ^ Higham, Charles (2004). Kate: The Life of Katharine Hepburn. New York City, NY: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32598-9. Pg. 94
Jump up ^ "Letter from David O. Selznick to Ed Sullivan". Harry Ransom Center - The University Of Texas At Austin. Jan 7, 1939.
Jump up ^ Thompson, David. "Hollywood", 1930s pgs. 178 - 182
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Making of Gone With The Wind" Part 2, Documentary circa 1990s.
^ Jump up to: a b Patterson, Troy, Ty Burr, and Stephen Whitty. "Gone With the Wind." (video review) Entertainment Weekly. October 23, 1998. Retrieved on December 23, 2013. This document has three separate reviews of the film, one per author.
References[edit]
Mitchell, Margaret (1936). Gone with the Wind. Macmillan Publishers.
Taylor, Helen (1989). Scarlett's Women: Gone with the Wind and Its Female Fans. Rutgers University Press.
External links[edit]
Fictional characters portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scarlett O'Hara.
Short biographies of Scarlett and Vivien Leigh
[hide]
v
t
e
Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell
Characters
Scarlett O'Hara
Rhett Butler
Ashley Wilkes
Melanie Hamilton
India Wilkes
Adaptations
Gone with the Wind (film)
Scarlett (musical)
Autant en emporte le vent
Gone with the Wind (musical)
Related works
The Making of a Legend: Gone with the Wind
Scarlett (novel)
Scarlett (miniseries)
The Wind Done Gone
Rhett Butler's People
The Scarlett O'Hara War
"Went with the Wind!"
Related
"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn"
Tara plantation
Twelve Oaks
Margaret Mitchell House and Museum
Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co.
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text:
STS-51-L
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
STS-51-L
Back row (L-R): Ellison Onizuka, Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik. Front row (L-R): Michael J. Smith, Francis "Dick" Scobee, Ronald McNair.
Mission type
Satellite deployment
Operator
NASA
Mission duration
6 days 34 minutes (planned)
Distance travelled
29 kilometres (18 mi)
Orbits completed
Failed to achieve orbit
(96 planned)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft
Space Shuttle Challenger
Launch mass
121,778 kilograms (268,475 lb)
Landing mass
90,584 kilograms (199,704 lb)
(planned)
Payload mass
21,937 kilograms (48,363 lb)
Crew
Crew size
7
Members
Francis R. Scobee
Michael J. Smith
Ellison S. Onizuka
Judith A. Resnik
Ronald E. McNair
Gregory B. Jarvis
S. Christa McAuliffe [1]
Start of mission
Launch date
January 28, 1986; 32 years ago (1986-01-28)
16:38:00 UTC
Launch site
Kennedy LC-39B
End of mission
Destroyed
January 28, 1986; 32 years ago (1986-01-28)
16:39:13 UTC
Landing site
Kennedy SLF Runway 33 (planned)[1]
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric
Regime
Low Earth
Perigee
285 kilometres (177 mi)
Apogee
295 kilometres (183 mi)
Inclination
28.45 degrees
Period
~90.4 minutes
Epoch
Planned
Space Shuttle program
← STS-61-C
STS-26 →
STS-51-L was the 25th mission of the United States Space Shuttle program, and disastrous final mission of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The mission to carry out several lessons from space and observe Halley's Comet never made its target landing date of February 3, 1986. A structural failure during its ascent phase 73 seconds after launch on January 28 from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 killed all seven crew members – Commander Dick Scobee, Pilot Michael J. Smith, Mission Specialists Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik and Ronald E. McNair, and Payload Specialists Gregory Jarvis and Christa McAuliffe—and destroyed the orbiter. The Rogers Commission determined that the cause of the destruction was due to the failure of an O-ring seal on the starboard Solid Rocket Booster (SRB). Space Shuttle flights were suspended for 32 months while the hazards with the shuttle were addressed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Planned mission
2 Crew
2.1 Backup crew
2.2 Crew seating arrangement
2.3 Crew seating arrangement notes
3 Ascent failure
4 Crew fate
5 Mission objectives
6 Mission insignia
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Planned mission[edit]
The tenth mission for Challenger, STS-51-L was scheduled to deploy the second in a series of Tracking and Data Relay Satellites, carry out the first flight of the Shuttle-Pointed Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN-203) / Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable in order to observe Halley's Comet, and carry out several lessons from space as part of the Teacher in Space Project and Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP). The flight marked the first American orbital mission to involve in-flight fatalities. It was also the first American human spaceflight mission to launch and fail to reach space; the first such mission in the world had been the Soviet Soyuz 18a mission, in which the two crew members had survived. Gregory Jarvis was originally scheduled to fly on the previous shuttle flight (STS-61-C), but he was reassigned to this flight and replaced by Congressman Bill Nelson.[2]
Crew[edit]
Position
Astronaut
Commander
Francis R. Scobee
Second spaceflight
Pilot
Michael J. Smith
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1
Ellison S. Onizuka
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2
Judith A. Resnik
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3
Ronald E. McNair
Second spaceflight
Payload Specialist 1
Gregory B. Jarvis
First spaceflight
Hughes Space and Communications
Payload Specialist 2
S. Christa McAuliffe
First spaceflight
Teacher in Space
Backup crew[edit]
Position
Astronaut
Payload Specialist 1
L. William Butterworth
First spaceflight
Hughes Space and Communications
Payload Specialist 2[3]
Barbara R. Morgan
First spaceflight
Teacher in Space
Morgan would be selected as a NASA astronaut in 1998
and flew on STS-118 in 2007 as a mission specialist.
Crew seating arrangement[edit]
Seat[4]
Launch
Landing

Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck.
S1
Scobee Scobee
S2
Smith Smith
S3
Onizuka McNair
S4
Resnik Resnik
S5
McNair Onizuka
S6
Jarvis Jarvis
S7
McAuliffe McAuliffe
Crew seating arrangement notes[edit]
Although the crew died in the Challenger disaster, their seating assignment chart depicts what would have happened if the mission was performed as planned.
Ascent failure[edit]
Main article: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
Challenger after the explosion 73 seconds after launch
During the ascent phase, 73 seconds after liftoff, the vehicle experienced a catastrophic structural failure resulting in the loss of crew and vehicle. The Rogers Commission later determined the cause of the accident to have been the failure of the primary and secondary (backup) O-ring seals on Challenger's right Solid Rocket Booster. The failure of these seals allowed a flamethrower-like flare to impinge upon one of two aft SRB attach struts, which eventually failed, freeing the booster to pivot about its remaining attachment points. The forward part of the booster cylinder struck the external tank inter-tank area, leading to a structural failure of the ET—the core structural component of the entire stack. A rapid burning of liberated propellants ensued. With the structural "backbone" of the stack compromised and breaking up, the SRBs flew off on their own, as did the orbiter, which rapidly disintegrated due to overwhelming aerodynamic forces. The launch had been approved despite a predicted ambient temperature of −3 °C (27 °F), well below the qualification limit of major components such as the SRBs, which had been certified for use only at temperatures above 4 °C (39 °F).[5] Evidence found in the remnants of the crew cabin showed that several of the emergency air supplies (PEAPs) carried by the astronauts had been manually activated, suggesting that forces experienced inside the cabin during breakup of the orbiter were not inherently fatal, and that at least three crew members were alive and capable of conscious action for a period following vehicle breakup.[6] "Tracking reported that the vehicle had exploded and impacted the water in an area approximately located at 28.64 degrees north, 80.28 degrees west."[7]
Crew fate[edit]
Divers from the USS Preserver located what they believed to be the crew cabin on the ocean floor on March 7. A dive the following day confirmed that it was the cabin and that the remains of the crew were inside.[8] No official investigation into the Challenger disaster has concluded for certain the cause of death of the astronauts; it is almost certain that the disintegration itself did not kill the entire crew as 3 of the 4 Personal Egress Air Packs (PEAPs) that were recovered had been manually activated. This would only be done during an emergency or loss of cabin pressure. PEAPs do not provide a pressurized air flow and would still have resulted in the astronauts losing consciousness within several seconds.[9] There were media reports alleging that NASA had a tape recording of the crew panicking and on-board conversation following the disintegration during the 2 minute 45 second free fall before hitting the sea east of Florida. This was likely fabricated and no recording exists, as the crew may have been unconscious from loss of cabin pressure and the astronauts did not wear individual voice recorders.[10] The impact of the shuttle with the sea would have killed any still surviving astronauts on board, though they may have died before the impact of other causes.
Mission objectives[edit]
Challenger launches at the start of STS-51L.
Deployment of Tracking Data Relay Satellite-B (TDRS-B) with an Inertial Upper Stage booster
Flight of Shuttle-Pointed Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN-203)/Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable
Fluid Dynamics Experiment (FDE)
Comet Halley Active Monitoring Program (CHAMP)
Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE)
Three Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP) experiments
Two lessons for the Teacher in Space Project (TISP)
(unofficial) Ronald McNair was planning to play saxophone in space for Jean-Michel Jarre's album "Rendez-Vous" track V.
Attempt
Planned
Result
Turnaround
Reason
Decision point
Weather go (%)
Notes
1 1986-01-22 03:43:00 !22 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 am Rescheduled — Delays in STS-61-C[11]
2 1986-01-23 03:43:00 !23 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 am Rescheduled 1 day, 0 hours, 0 minutes Delays in STS-61-C[11]
3 1986-01-24 03:43:00 !24 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 am Scrubbed 1 day, 0 hours, 0 minutes Weather at transatlantic abort site[11]
4 1986-01-25 09:37:00 !25 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am Scrubbed 1 day, 5 hours, 54 minutes Launch preparation delays[11]
5 1986-01-27 09:37:00 !27 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am Scrubbed 2 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes Equipment failures in orbiter closeout, cross winds at shuttle landing site.[11]
6 1986-01-28 09:37:00 !28 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am Delayed 1 day, 0 hours, 0 minutes Technical issues with fire detection system.[11]
7 1986-01-28 11:38:00 !28 Jan 1986, 11:38:00 am Loss of vehicle and crew 0 days, 2 hours, 1 minute [11]
Mission insignia[edit]
Dick Scobee asked Kennedy Space Center engineer Ernie Reyes to design the mission patch seen above to represent the mission of 51-L. In it, Challenger is depicted launching from Florida and soaring into space to carry out a variety of goals. Among the prescribed duties of the five astronauts and two payload specialists (represented by the seven stars of the U.S. flag) was observation and photography of Halley's Comet, backdropped against the U.S. flag in the insignia. Surnames of the crew members encircle the scene, with the payload specialists being recognized below. The surname of the first teacher in space, Christa McAuliffe, is followed by a symbolic apple.[12]
See also[edit]
Spaceflight portal
1980s portal
Florida portal
Apollo 1
STS-51-L Mission timeline
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
Space Shuttle program
Challenger Center
References[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mission Archives - STS-51L". NASA.
Jump up ^ Mullane, Mike (2006). Riding Rockets. Simon and Schuster. pp. 204–205. ISBN 9780743276825.
Jump up ^ "S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe". Biographical Data. NASA. April 2007. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "STS-51L". Spacefacts. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Rogers Commission, Vol4 Part7
Jump up ^ Joseph P. Kerwin's letter to Admiral Truly nasa.gov
Jump up ^ "Shuttle explodes; crew lost", Frederick, OK – Daily Leader newspaper, January 28, 1986.
Jump up ^ Isikoff, Michael (March 10, 1986). "Remains of Crew of Shuttle Found". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Harwood, William. "The Fate of Challenger's Crew". Space-Shuttle.com. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Mikkelson, Barbara (November 2, 2006). "Challenger Deaths". Snopes.com. Urban Legends Reference Pages. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "STS-51L Mission Archives". NASA.
Jump up ^ Thomas, James A. (Gene) (2006). Some Trust in Chariots: The Space Shuttle Challenger Experience. Xulon Press. p. 197. ISBN 1-60034-096-2. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
External links[edit]
Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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