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Visa policy of Egypt
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Visitors to Egypt must obtain a visa from one of the Egyptian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries that are eligible for visa on arrival.[1] Visitors must hold passports that are valid for at least 6 months from the date of arrival to Egypt.
In March 2015 it was announced that all foreigners travelling to Egypt for tourism will require visas in advance as of May 15, 2015. The only exemption will be for organized groups visiting through an Egyptian travel agency.[2][3][4] In April 2015 Egyptian authorities announced that they have reversed the decision until an electronic visa system is in place.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Visa policy map
2 Visa exemption
3 Visa on arrival
4 Sinai resorts permission stamp
5 Authorised visa required
6 Transit without a visa
7 State Security approval
8 Visa exemption for non-ordinary passports
9 See also
10 References
Visa policy map[edit]
Visa policy of Egypt according to sources
Visa exemption[edit]
Citizens of the following 7 countries and territories may visit Egypt without a visa for 3 months:[1][7]
Bahrain
Hong Kong
Kuwait
Macao
Oman
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
The visa-free regime also applies to the citizens of the following countries under certain conditions:[1]
Afghanistan – provided being aged 50 years and above or 16 years and below
Algeria – provided being aged 14 years and below
Libya – provided being a female national or for residents of Butnan District on Sundays and Mondays.[8]
Jordan – if holding a normal 5-year passport, provided passport does not contain a stamp from the Jordanian Registration Office on the reverse side cover of the passport (on page 60)
Lebanon – provided being aged 50 years and above or 16 years and below
Morocco – provided being aged 14 years and below
Sudan – provided being aged 50 years and above or 16 years and below or being a female national
Tunisia – provided being aged 14 years and below
Yemen – provided being aged 45 years and above or 18 years and below
If travelling as part of the tourist group that consists of at least 10 persons citizens of Algeria, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belize, China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova (except females aged between 15 and 35), Morocco, Nicaragua, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tunisia, Turkey and Vietnam who hold a return ticket, booked accommodation and a signed guarantee letter from a travel agency do not require a visa for Egypt.[1]
Visa exemption also applies to sons and daughters (except nationals of Syria) born to an Egyptian fathers and also holders of proof of having an Egyptian mother and being born after 25 July 2004 (except nationals of Syria). Visa exemption also applies to wives (except nationals of Syria) of Egyptian nationals holding proof of marriage.[1]
Visa on arrival[edit]
Visa on arrival
According to the Egyptian Consulate General in the United Kingdom, citizens of the following countries can obtain visa upon arrival at any of the Egyptian ports of entry:[9]
All European Union citizens1
Australia
Canada
Georgia
Japan
South Korea
Macedonia
Malaysia
New Zealand
Norway
Russia
Serbia
Ukraine
United States
1 - Nationals of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Portugal can enter with a national ID card. They must bring a passport photo to be affixed to the visa.
Citizens of China are able to obtain a visa on arrival provided holding a return ticket, an upper class hotel reservation and an equivalent of USD 2000.[10][11][12]
Citizens of Malaysia traveling as tourists may obtain a visa on arrival to Egypt valid for 15 days.[13]
Citizens of Turkey can obtain a visa on arrival if provided being aged 45 years and above or 20 years and below
According to the data Egyptian Government provided to IATA citizens of all countries may obtain a visa on arrival to Egypt valid for 30 days except for the citizens of the following 84 countries and territories: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, R Congo, DR Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, DPR Korea, R Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey (except those aged below 20 and above 45), Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[1]
Sinai resorts permission stamp[edit]
Sinai 15-day permission stamp
According to the Egyptian Consulate General in the United Kingdom citizens of all European Union countries, the United States, and Israel (only through Taba Border Crossing[14]) do not require a visa prior to travelling as a free entry permission stamp will be granted upon arrival if they are travelling to Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba resorts only without leaving them and for a maximum of 14 days:[9]
According to the data Egyptian Government provided to IATA citizens of all countries may obtain a Sinai resort visa on arrival at Sharm el-Sheikh, Saint Catherine or Taba airports valid for 15 days except for the citizens of the following 83 countries and territories: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, R Congo, DR Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, DPR Korea, R Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey (except those aged below 20 and above 45), Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[1]
Authorised visa required[edit]
According to the Egyptian Consulate General in the United Kingdom visitors holding passports of the following countries must apply for a visa in person and a visa approval must be sought for them from the competent Authorities in Egypt and takes several weeks to process — Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Burundi, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kosovo, Lebanon, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Moldova, Morocco, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Tunisia, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines,[15] Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia.[9] Citizens of the Republic of Lebanon who are legal residents of the Gulf Cooperation Council are exempt from this requirement.[16]
Transit without a visa[edit]
Holders of onward tickets can transit for a maximum time of 48 hours. This is not applicable to nationals of Iran who are required to hold a transit visa. Leaving the airport is permitted for passengers with transit time between 6 and 48 hours. Passengers with transit time of less than 6 hours may leave the transit area but not the airport. This is not applicable to nationals of Afghanistan, Lebanon, Palestine and Philippines who must remain in the transit area (airside) and must continue by the same or first connecting aircraft.[1]
State Security approval[edit]
Citizens of the following countries need a prior approval from the Egyptian State Security Authorities in addition to holding a visa:[1]
Iran
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Kosovo
Lebanon
Mauritania
Somalia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Yemen
This also applies to maids who are nationals of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand, and to citizens of Belize of Lebanese origin, of Bosnia and Herzegovina of Egyptian origin, of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia if they require a visa, of China if their visa was issued outside China, of Sudan if they are residing outside Sudan, female citizens of Moldova aged between 15 and 35, male citizens of Palestine (and those holding a Jordanian passport with a stamp from the Jordanian Registration Office) aged between 18 and 40, and male nationals of Libya who require a visa.[1]
Visa exemption for non-ordinary passports[edit]
Holders of the following diplomatic, official, service or special passports do not require a visa for Egypt:[17]
Albania D O S Sp
Algeria D O S Sp
Argentina D O S Sp
Armenia D O S Sp
Austria D S
Belarus D O S Sp
Bolivia D O S Sp
Bosnia and Herzegovina D
Brazil D O S Sp
Chile D O S Sp
China D S
Croatia D O S Sp
Cuba D O S Sp
Cyprus D O S Sp
Czech Republic D O S Sp
Denmark D S
Ecuador D O Sp
Gabon D O S Sp
Georgia D O S Sp
Greece D S
Guinea D O S Sp
Hungary D
India D O
Italy D O S Sp
Jordan D O S Sp
Kazakhstan D
Libya D O S Sp
Macedonia D O Sp
Malaysia D O S Sp
Montenegro D
Morocco D O S Sp
Pakistan D
Palestine D
Paraguay D O S Sp
Peru D O S Sp
Philippines D
Portugal D Sp
Russia D S
Serbia D
Slovakia D O S Sp
Slovenia D O S Sp
South Africa D O
South Korea D O S Sp
Spain D O S Sp
Sudan D O S Sp
Tunisia D O S Sp
Turkey D O S Sp
Ukraine D O S Sp
Uruguay D O S Sp
Vietnam D O S Sp
Yemen D O S Sp
D — diplomatic passports
O — official passports
S — service passports
Sp — special passports
See also[edit]
Egypt portal
Visa requirements for Egyptian citizens
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Country information (visa section)". Timatic. International Air Transport Association (IATA) through Olympic Air. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Egypt to require pre-obtained visas for foreigners of any nationality
Jump up ^ Egypt tightening visa rule for individual visitors
Jump up ^ Egypt reverses visa on arrival ban for Britons
Jump up ^ Updating on the new rule for visa:
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Libya and Egypt agree border residents can cross frontier without visas
^ Jump up to: a b c "Visas - General Information". Egyptian Consulate General in UK. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
Jump up ^ 爱旅行网. "埃及更新中国公民落地签资料".
Jump up ^ 埃及驻华使馆旅游处. "利好消息". 新浪微博.
Jump up ^ 中华人民共和国外交部 (Ministry of Foreign Affair of PRC). "外交部：免签、落地签国家和地区增至57个". 中国国家旅游局 (China Tourism Administration).
Jump up ^ https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=MY&AR=00&PASSTYPES=PASS&DE=EG&selDest=Egypt&selTrans=Use+ctrl-key+to+select+or+deselect+transit+point%28s%29+above&user=OLYMPIC&subuser=OLYMPICB2C
Jump up ^ Tourist Visa Table
Jump up ^ Egypt Tourist Visa Application Requirements for Filipinos – Egypt Embassy, Manila
Jump up ^ "Passport and visa requirements". Timatic. International Air Transport Association (IATA) through Olympic Air.
Jump up ^ [3]
[show]
v
t
e
Visa policy by country
Visa
Passport
Travel document
Africa
Central
Angola
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
DR Congo
R Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
São Tomé and Príncipe
Eastern
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia (Somaliland)
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Northern
Algeria
Egypt8
Libya
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
Southern
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibia
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha1
South Africa
Swaziland
Western
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Americas
Caribbean
Dutch Caribbean (Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten)
Anguilla1
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
British Virgin Islands1
Cayman Islands1
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat1
Puerto Rico11
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands1
United States Virgin Islands11
Central
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
North
Bermuda1
Canada
Mexico
United States
South
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland Islands1
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands1
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia
Central & North
Afghanistan
Kazakhstan6
Kyrgyzstan
Russia3
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East
China
Hong Kong
Macau
Japan
North Korea
South Korea
Mongolia
Taiwan (Republic of China)10
South
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Southeast
Brunei
Cambodia
East Timor
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Western
Abkhazia510
Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 7
Armenia7
Artsakh7 10
Azerbaijan5
Bahrain
Cyprus7
Egypt8
Georgia5
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Northern Cyprus7 10
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
South Ossetia5
Syria
Turkey4
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Europe
European Union/EFTA
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Cyprus7
Denmark
Faroe Islands
Estonia
Finland
France
Overseas
Germany
Gibraltar1
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Overseas
Norway
Svalbard12
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Overseas
Other Europe
Abkhazia5 10
Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 7
Albania
Andorra
Armenia7
Artsakh7 10
Azerbaijan5
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Georgia5
Kazakhstan6
Kosovo10
Macedonia
Moldova
Monaco 2
Montenegro
Northern Cyprus7 10
Russia3
San Marino 2
Serbia
South Ossetia5 10
Transnistria10
Turkey4
Ukraine
Vatican City 2
Oceania
American Samoa11
Australia
Cook Islands9
Fiji
Guam11
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue9
Northern Mariana Islands11
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Pitcairn Islands1
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau9
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Azerbaijan (Artsakh) and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus; Akrotiri and Dhekelia) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai Peninsula. 9 Part of the Realm of New Zealand. 10 Partially recognized. 11 Unincorporated territory of the United States. 12 Part of Norway, not part of the Schengen Area, special open-border status under Svalbard Treaty
[show]
v
t
e
Visa requirements
Visa
Passport
Travel document
Africa
Central
Angolan
Cameroonian
Central African Republic
Chadian
DR Congo
R Congo
Equatorial Guinean
Gabonese
Santomean
Eastern
Burundian
Comorian
Djiboutian
Eritrean
Ethiopian
Kenyan
Malagasy
Malawian
Mauritian
Mozambican
Rwandan
Seychellois
Somali (Somaliland)
South Sudanese
Tanzanian
Ugandan
Zambian
Zimbabwean
Northern
Algerian
Egyptian8
Libyan
Moroccan
Sudanese
Tunisian
Southern
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibian
Saint Helena1
South African
Swazi
Western
Beninese
Burkinabe
Cape Verdean
Gambian
Ghanaian
Guinean
Guinea-Bissauan
Ivorian
Liberian
Malian
Mauritanian
Nigerian
Nigerien
Senegalese
Sierra Leonean
Togolese
Americas
Caribbean
Anguillan1
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamian
Barbadian
British Virgin Islands1
Caymanian1
Cuban
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenadian
Haitian
Jamaican
Montserratian1
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucian
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands1
Central
Belizean
Costa Rican
El Salvador
Guatemalan
Honduran
Nicaraguan
Panamanian
North
Bermudian1
Canadian
Mexican
United States
South
Argentine
Bolivian
Brazilian
Chilean
Colombian
Ecuadorian
Guyanese
Paraguayan
Peruvian
Surinamese
Uruguayan
Venezuelan
Asia
Central & North
Afghanistani
Kazakhstani6
Kyrgyzstani
Russian3
Tajik
Turkmen
Uzbekistani
East
Chinese
Hong Kongese
Macanese
Japanese
North Korean
South Korean
Mongolian
Taiwanese9
South
Bangladeshi
Bhutanese
Indian
Maldivian
Nepalese
Pakistani
Sri Lankan
Southeast
Bruneian
Cambodian
East Timorese
Indonesian
Laotian
Malaysian
Myanmar
Philippine
Singaporean
Thai
Vietnamese
Western
Abkhaz5 9
Armenian7
Artsakh7 9
Azerbaijani5
Bahraini
Cypriot7
Egyptian8
Georgian5
Emirati
Iranian
Iraqi
Israeli
Jordanian
Kuwaiti
Lebanese
Northern Cypriot7 9
Omani
Palestinian5
Qatari
Saudi
South Ossetian5 9
Syrian
Turkish4
Yemeni
Europe
European Union
Austrian
Belgian
British (BOTC · BN(O) · BOC)
Bulgarian
Croatian
Cypriot7
Czech
Danish
Dutch
Estonian (Non-citizens)
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Hungarian
Irish
Italian
Latvian (Non-citizens)
Lithuanian
Luxembourg
Maltese
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Slovak
Slovenian
Spanish
Swedish
Other Europe
Abkhaz5 9
Albanian
Andorran2
Armenian7
Artsakh7 9
Azerbaijani5
Belarusian
Bosnian and Herzegovinian
Georgian5
Gibraltar1
Icelandic2
Kazakhstani6
Kosovan9
Liechtenstein2
Macedonia
Moldovan
Monégasque2
Montenegrin
Northern Cypriot7 9
Norwegian2
Russian3
San Marino2
Serbian
South Ossetian5 9
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Swiss
Transnistrian9
Turkish4
Ukrainian
Vatican City2
Oceania
Australian
Fijian
Kiribati
Marshallese
Micronesian
Nauruan
New Zealand
Palauan
Papua New Guinean
Pitcairn Islands1
Samoan
Solomon Islands
Tongan
Tuvaluan
Vanuatuan
1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Azerbaijan and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia (Artsakh) and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has a small part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai peninsula. 9 Partially recognized.
Immigration law
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visa_policy_of_Egypt&oldid=809371216"
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The Color Purple
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the color, see Purple.
For other uses, see The Color Purple (disambiguation).
The Color Purple
First edition cover
Author
Alice Walker
Country
United States
Language
English
Publisher
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
Publication date
1982
ISBN
0-15-119153-0
OCLC
8221433
Dewey Decimal
813.54 19
LC Class
PS3573.A425 C6 1982
The Color Purple is a 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker that won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction.[1][a] It was later adapted into a film and musical of the same name.
Taking place mostly in rural Georgia, the story focuses on the life of African-American women in the southern United States in the 1930s, addressing numerous issues including their exceedingly low position in American social culture. The novel has been the frequent target of censors and appears on the American Library Association list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2000–2009 at number seventeen because of the sometimes explicit content, particularly in terms of violence.[2][3] In 2003 the book was listed on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's "best-loved novels."[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Critical reception
3 Character analysis
3.1 Celie
3.2 Nettie
3.3 Shug Avery
3.4 Albert (known as Mr.___)
4 Film, theatrical, and radio adaptations
5 Boycotting Israel
6 Editions
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Celie is a poor, uneducated, 14-year-old girl living in the American South in the 1930s. She writes letters to God because her father, Alphonso, beats her harshly and rapes her continuously. Alphonso has already impregnated Celie once, a pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a boy she called Adam. Alphonso takes the baby away shortly after his birth. Celie has a second child, a girl she called Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed.
Celie and her younger sister, 12-year-old Nettie, learn that a man identified only as Mister wants to marry Nettie. Alphonso refuses to let Nettie marry, instead arranging for Mister to marry Celie. Mister, needing someone to care for his children and keep his house, eventually accepts the offer. Mister and his children, whose mother was murdered by a jealous lover, all treat Celie badly. However, she eventually gets Mister's squalid living conditions and incorrigible children under control.
Shortly thereafter, Nettie runs away from Alphonso and takes refuge at Celie's house, where Mister makes sexual advances toward her. Celie then advises Nettie to seek assistance from a well-dressed black woman that she had seen in the general store a while back; the woman had unknowingly adopted Celie's daughter and was the only black woman that Celie had ever seen with money of her own. Nettie is forced to leave after promising to write. Celie, however, never receives any letters and concludes that her sister is dead.
Time passes and Mister's children begin to grow up and leave home. Harpo, Mister's son, falls in love with an assertive girl named Sofia, who becomes pregnant with Harpo's baby and, despite initial resistance from Mister, marries Harpo. Harpo and Sofia have five more children in short order.
Celie is amazed by Sofia's defiant refusal to submit to Harpo's attempts to control her. Kinder and gentler than his father, Harpo feels emasculated due to his inability to get Sofia to "mind." Celie advises Harpo not to try to dominate Sofia; she also tells Harpo that Sofia loves him, admitting that she, Celie, only obeys Mister out of fear. Harpo temporarily follows Celie's advice but falls back under Mister's sway. A momentarily jealous Celie then advises Harpo to beat Sofia. Sofia fights back, however, inflicting serious injuries on Harpo.
After Sofia confronts her, Celie, who was already feeling guilty about what she had done, apologizes and confides in her about all the abuse she suffers at Mister's hands. She also begins to consider Sofia's advice about defending herself against further abuse from Mister.
Glamorous Shug Avery, a jazz and blues singer and Mister's long-time mistress, falls ill, and Mister takes her into his house. Celie, who had been fascinated by photos of Shug she found in Mister's belongings, is thrilled to have her there. Mister's father expresses disapproval of the arrangement, reminding Mister that Shug has three out-of-wedlock children. Mister proudly states that he knows for certain that all the children have the same father, indirectly admitting to being their father. Mister's father leaves in disgust after drinking a glass of water into which Celie spit. While Shug is initially rude to Celie, who has taken charge of nursing her, the two women become friends, and Celie soon finds herself infatuated with Shug.
Frustrated by Harpo's domineering behavior, Sofia moves out, taking her children with her. Several months later, Harpo opens a juke joint where a fully recovered Shug performs nightly. Shug decides to stay when she learns that Mister beats Celie when she is away. Shug and Celie's relationship grows more intimate.
Sofia returns for a visit and promptly gets into a fight with Harpo's new girlfriend, Squeak, knocking Squeak's teeth out. In town one day, while Sofia is enjoying a day out with her new beau, a prizefighter, and their respective children, the mayor's wife, Miss Millie, approaches the group. She begins to "finger" Sofia's children (physically examine them in a way reminiscent of slaves on an auction block) without bothering, at first, to speak to their mother or ask permission. At first, Sofia silently endures. Miss Millie then looks up and addresses Sofia, remarking on how clean the children are and bluntly asks Sofia if she would like to be her maid. Sofia, who does not work as a maid, straightforwardly refuses saying "Hell no." The mayor then pushes his wife aside, calling Sofia "girl" and daring her to repeat herself. When Sofia does so defiantly, the mayor slaps Sofia. Sofia responds by using her fist to knock the mayor, her assailant, onto the ground. The police quickly arrive at the scene and brutally beat Sofia as she pleads with the prizefighter not to intervene on her behalf and instead to take her children to safety. Sofia emerges from her ordeal with a cracked skull, broken ribs, her face rendered nearly unrecognizable, and blind in one eye. Sofia is subsequently sentenced to 12 years in jail.
Squeak, a mixed-race woman and Sheriff Hodges' illegitimate niece, attempts to blackmail the sheriff into releasing Sofia, resulting in her being raped by the sheriff. Squeak cares for Sofia's children while she is incarcerated, and the two women develop a friendship. Sofia is eventually released and begins working for Miss Millie, which she detests.
Despite being newly married to a person called Grady, Shug instigates a sexual relationship with Celie on her next visit. One night Shug asks Celie about her sister, and Shug helps Celie recover letters from Nettie that Mister has been hiding from her for decades.
The letters indicate that Nettie befriended a missionary couple, Samuel and Corrine, the well-dressed woman that Celie saw in the store, whom Nettie eventually accompanied to Africa to do missionary work. Samuel and Corrine have unwittingly adopted Celie's son and daughter (by Celie's father), Adam and Olivia. Corrine, noticing that her adopted children resemble Nettie, wonders if Samuel fathered the children with her. Increasingly suspicious, Corrine tries to limit Nettie's role in her family.
Through her letters, Nettie reveals that she has become disillusioned with her missionary work. Corrine becomes ill with a fever. Nettie asks Samuel to tell her how he adopted Olivia and Adam. Realizing that Adam and Olivia are Celie's children, Nettie then learns that Alphonso is her and Celie's stepfather. Their biological father was a store owner whom white men lynched because they resented his success. She also learns that their mother suffered a mental collapse after the death of her husband and that Alphonso exploited the situation in order to control their mother's considerable wealth.
Nettie confesses to Samuel and Corrine that she is in fact their children's biological aunt. The gravely ill Corrine refuses to believe her until Nettie reminds her of her previous encounter with Celie in the store. Later, Corrine dies, finally having accepted Nettie's story. Meanwhile, Celie visits Alphonso, who confirms Nettie's story. Celie begins to lose some of her faith in God, which she confides to Shug, who explains to Celie her own unique religious philosophy.
Celie, having had enough of her husband's abuse, decides to leave Mister along with Shug and Squeak, who is considering a singing career of her own. Celie puts a curse on Mister before leaving him for good.
Celie settles in Tennessee and supports herself as a seamstress. She learns that Mister, suffering from a considerable decline in fortunes after Celie left him, has changed dramatically; he gives Celie permission to call him by his first name, Albert. Albert proposes that they marry "in the spirit as well as in the flesh," but Celie declines.
Alphonso dies, Celie inherits his land, and moves back into her childhood home. Around this time, Shug falls in love with Germaine, a member of her band, and the news thereof crushes Celie. Shug travels with Germaine, all the while writing postcards to Celie. Celie pledges to love Shug even if Shug does not love her back.
Meanwhile, Nettie and Samuel marry and prepare to return to America. Before they leave, Adam marries Tashi, an African girl. Following an African tradition, Tashi undergoes the painful rituals of female circumcision and facial scarring. In solidarity, Adam undergoes the same facial scarring ritual.
Just after Celie realizes that she is content in her life without Shug, Shug returns, having ended things with Germaine. The end of the novel has Nettie, Samuel, Olivia, Adam, and Tashi arriving at Celie's house. Nettie and Celie embrace, having not seen each other for over 30 years. They introduce one another to their respective families as the novel ends.
Critical reception[edit]
The Color Purple won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1983, making Walker the first woman of color to win the prize.[5][6] Walker also won the National Book Award for Fiction in 1983.[7] Mel Watkins of the New York Times Book Review wrote that it is a "striking and consummately well-written novel," praising its powerful emotional impact and epistolary structure.[8]
While the novel has garnered critical acclaim, it has also been the subject of controversy. It is 17th on the American Library Association's list of most frequently challenged or banned books.[9] Commonly cited justications for banning the book include sexual explicitness, explicit language, violence, and homosexuality.[10] The book received greater scrutiny amidst controversy surrounding the release of the film adaptation in 1985.[11] The controversy centered around the depiction of black men, which some critics saw as feeding stereotypical narratives of black male violence, while others found the representation compelling and relatable.[12]
Character analysis[edit]
Celie[edit]
Celie is the main character and has been oppressed by men her whole life. She is raped by her [supposed] father, with whom she has two children during her adolescence, and who he gives away. Her [supposed] father then gives her away to be married to Mr.___ , who is in love with Shug Avery, a blues singer. When Shug comes to recover from an illness with Mr.___ and Celie, it leads to a sexual relationship between Celie and Shug. Shug has a significant influence on the protagonist, who begins to model herself after the independent Shug, leading her ultimately to independence. Shug influences not only the way that Celie allows Mr.___ to treat her, but also her showing Celie that it is all right to commit actions that others may call 'sin', but still believe in and live for God, thereby broadening Celie's views on religion and ethics. It is also Shug who frees Celie from Mr.___'s bondage, first by loving her, then by helping her to start a custom sewing business. From Shug, Celie learns that Mister [now revealed as Albert] has been hiding letters written to her from Africa by her sister Nettie, a missionary. These letters, full of educated, firsthand observation of African life, form a moving counterpoint to Celie's life. They reveal that in Africa, just as in America, women are persistently oppressed by men.[13]
Nettie[edit]
Nettie is Celie's younger sister, whom Celie loves and saves from living the tragic life that she had to endure. Because Nettie is prettier than Celie, who has been deemed ugly, Mr.___ is originally interested in Nettie as a wife, but settles for Celie. Nettie runs away from home to be with Celie, but is unable to stay with Celie as Mr.___ tries to assault her sexually. As a result, Nettie leaves home and before leaving, promises to write to Celie and tells her that only death can keep them apart. Nettie is eventually taken in by Samuel and Corrine, a missionary couple, with whom she travels to Africa as a missionary. While in Africa, Nettie becomes the caregiver of Samuel and Corrine's children and faithfully writes to Celie for decades. Nettie marries Samuel after Corrine's death and moves back to America with what are revealed to be Celie's biological children. Through explaining her experiences to Celie, Nettie encourages Celie to be more enthusiastic and optimistic about life. Nettie finds that while there is not racial disparity in Africa, gender disparity exists. The women of the tribe are not treated as equals, and are not permitted to attend school.
Shug Avery[edit]
A sultry blues singer who first appears as Mr.___'s mistress, Shug becomes Celie's friend and eventually her lover. Shug remains a gentle mentor who helps Celie evolve into an independent and assertive woman. At first, Shug doesn't appear to be the mothering and nurturing kind, yet she nurtures Celie physically, spiritually, and emotionally. Shug helps Celie discover the letters from her sister Nettie that Mr.___ had been hiding for decades. In allowing Celie to view these letters, Shug supplies her with even more hope and inspiration, letting Celie see that in the end, everything works out for the best.
Albert (known as Mr.___)[edit]
Mr.___ is the man to whom Celie is married. Originally, he seeks a relationship with Nettie but settles for Celie. Mr.___ mistreats Celie just as her stepfather had, although Celie does not understand that she doesn't have to tolerate the abuse. Mr.___ uses Celie to help raise his children, who give her a hard time because she is not their biological mother. When Shug Avery comes to town, Mr.___ falls for her and makes her his mistress. Through Shug's seductive and manipulative influence, Albert begins to treat Celie better. In the end, Albert realizes that he has mistreated Celie and seeks a friendship with her.
Film, theatrical, and radio adaptations[edit]
Main articles: The Color Purple (film) and The Color Purple (musical)
The novel was adapted into a film of the same name in 1985. It was directed by Steven Spielberg and stars Whoopi Goldberg as Celie, Danny Glover as Albert, and Oprah Winfrey as Sofia. Though nominated for eleven Academy Awards, it won none. This perceived snubbing ignited controversy because many critics considered it the best picture that year,[14] including Roger Ebert.[15]
On December 1, 2005, a musical adaptation of the novel (based on the film) opened at The Broadway Theatre in New York City. The show was produced by Scott Sanders, Quincy Jones, Harvey Weinstein, and Oprah Winfrey, who was also an investor.[16] It garnered five 2006 Outer Critics Circle Award nominations, including Outstanding Broadway Musical and Outstanding New Score. That same year, the show was nominated for eleven Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Original Score Written for the Theater, and Best Leading Actress in a Musical (LaChanze). LaChanze did win the Tony Award, though the show itself won no other awards. LaChanze's win was attributed to the variety of roles for which she had garnered positive attention, as well as for a powerful backstory. In April 2007, Fantasia Barrino took over the role. The Broadway production ended its run on February 24, 2008.[17]
In 2008 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a radio adaptation of the novel in ten 15-minute episodes as a Woman's Hour serial, with Nadine Marshall as Celie. The script was by Patricia Cumper, and in 2009 the production received the Sony Radio Academy Awards Silver Drama Award.[18]
Boycotting Israel[edit]
As part of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement (BDS), the author declined publication of the book in Israel[19] in 2012. Walker, an ardent pro-Palestinian activist, said in a letter to Yediot Books that Israel practices "apartheid" and must change its policies before her works can be published there.[20][20] This decision was criticized by Harvard professor Alan Dershowitz, who argued that Walker "resorted to bigotry and censorship against Hebrew-speaking readers of her writings".[21]
Editions[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
ISBN 0-606-00587-0 (prebound, 1985)
ISBN 0-671-61702-8 (mass market paperback, 1985)
ISBN 0-671-64745-8 (mass market paperback, 1987)
ISBN 0-671-66878-1 (paperback, 1988)
ISBN 0-15-119154-9 (hardcover, 1992, Anniversary Edition)
ISBN 1-56849-628-1 (library binding, 1995, reprint)
ISBN 0-671-01907-4 (paperback, 1998)
ISBN 0-7641-2064-6 (paperback, 2002)
ISBN 0-15-602835-2 (paperback, 2003)
ISBN 0-671-72779-6
ISBN 0-7043-3905-6
ISBN 978-0-7538-1892-3 (paperback, United Kingdom, 2004)
ISBN 9781453223970 (ebook, 2011)
See also[edit]
Novels portal
Feminist literature
Black feminism
African-American literature
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Walker won the 1983 award for hardcover Fiction.
From 1980 to 1983 in National Book Awards history there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1983 Fiction.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "National Book Awards – 1983". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
(With essays by Anna Clark and Tarayi Jones from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
Jump up ^ "The 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2000–2009". American Library Association. Retrieved 22 Apr 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alice Walker – biography". Retrieved April 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "BBC – The Big Read". BBC. April 2003, Retrieved August 23, 2017
Jump up ^ "1983 Pulitzer Prize Winners". www.pulitzer.org. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ "April 18, 1983: Alice Walker Becomes the First Woman of Color to Win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ "1983 – National Book Awards Fiction Winners". www.nbafictionblog.org. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
Jump up ^ "Some Letters Went to God". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ admin (2013-03-27). "100 most frequently challenged books by decade". Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ admin (2013-03-27). "Banned and/or Challenged Books from the Radcliffe Publishing Course Top 100 Novels of the 20th Century". Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ Bobo, Jacqueline (1989-01-01). "Sifting Through the Controversy: Reading The Color Purple". Callaloo (39): 332–42. JSTOR 2931568. doi:10.2307/2931568.
Jump up ^ Times, E. R. Shipp, Special To The New York (1986-01-27). "BLACKS IN HEATED DEBATE OVER 'THE COLOR PURPLE'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Jump up ^ Magill Book Reviews The Color Purple
Jump up ^ Rotten Tomatoes page for The Color Purple
Jump up ^ Roger Ebert's review of The Color Purple
Jump up ^ John Fleming. "Passion for ‘Purple' has Local Roots". "Saint Petersburg Times". Dec. 12, 2005
Jump up ^ The Color Purple to Close on Broadway Feb. 24
Jump up ^ Sony Radio Academy Awards 2009: Dramas
Jump up ^ Letter from Alice Walker to Publishers at Yediot Books
^ Jump up to: a b AP, "Alice Walker rejects Israeli translation of book", June 20, 2012. Yahoo News
Jump up ^ Jewish Press, Alan Dershowitz: Alice Walker’s Bigotry, June 20, 2012.
External links[edit]
Alice Walker discusses The Color Purple on the BBC's World Book Club
New Georgia Encyclopedia
Photos of the first edition of The Color Purple
"Alice Walker on 30th Anniv. of The Color Purple: Racism, Violence Against Women Are Global Issues", from Democracy Now! September 28, 2012.
Awards
Preceded by
Rabbit is Rich
John Updike National Book Award for Fiction
1983
With: The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty
Eudora Welty Succeeded by
Victory Over Japan: A Book of Stories
Ellen Gilchrist
Preceded by
So Long, See You Tomorrow
William Maxwell
[show]
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Dog Soldiers by Robert Stone (1975)
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Blood Tie by Mary Lee Settle (1978)
Going After Cacciato by Tim O'Brien (1979)
Sophie's Choice by William Styron (1980)
The World According to Garp by John Irving (1980)
Plains Song: For Female Voices by Wright Morris (1981)
The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1981)
Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982)
So Long, See You Tomorrow by William Maxwell (1982)
The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983)
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Victory Over Japan by Ellen Gilchrist (1984)
White Noise by Don DeLillo (1985)
World's Fair by E. L. Doctorow (1986)
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The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950)
1951–1975
The Town by Conrad Richter (1951)
The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952)
The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953)
A Fable by William Faulkner (1955)
Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956)
A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958)
The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959)
Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960)
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961)
The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962)
The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963)
The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965)
The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966)
The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967)
The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968)
House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969)
The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970)
Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972)
The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973)
The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975)
1976–2000
Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976)
Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978)
The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979)
The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980)
A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981)
Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982)
The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983)
Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984)
Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985)
Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986)
A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987)
Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988)
Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989)
The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990)
Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991)
A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992)
A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993)
The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994)
The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995)
Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996)
Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997)
American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998)
The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999)
Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000)
2001–present
The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001)
Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002)
Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003)
The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004)
Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005)
March by Geraldine Brooks (2006)
The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007)
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008)
Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009)
Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010)
A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011)
No award given (2012)
The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013)
The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014)
All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015)
The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016)
The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017)
[show]
v
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Works by Alice Walker
Books
The Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970)
Meridian (1976)
The Color Purple (1982)
The Temple of My Familiar (1989)
Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992)
Warrior Marks (1993)
Short stories
"Everyday Use" (1973)
Collections
In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens (1983)
Adaptations
The Color Purple (film)
The Color Purple (musical)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Color_Purple&oldid=796888235"
Categories:
1982 American novels
Bisexuality-related fiction
Epistolary novels
Feminist novels
Womanist novels
National Book Award for Fiction winning works
American novels adapted into films
Rape in fiction
Novels by Alice Walker
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction-winning works
Novels about racism
American LGBT novels
Novels set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Harcourt (publisher) books
African-American novels
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from June 2013
Pages to import images to Wikidata
Incomplete lists from March 2012
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