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Recycling in the United Kingdom
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Recycling collection site in Portsmouth, Hampshire
In 2013, 43.5% of the United Kingdom’s municipal waste was recycled, composted or broken down by anaerobic digestion.[1] The majority of recycling undertaken in the United Kingdom is done by statutory authorities, although commercial and industrial waste is chiefly processed by private companies. Local Authorities are responsible for the collection of municipal waste and operate contracts which are usually kerbside collection schemes. The Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 required local authorities in England to provide every household with a separate collection of at least two types of recyclable materials by 2010.[2] Recycling policy is devolved to the administrations of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales who set their own targets, but all statistics are reported to Eurostat.[3]

Contents
[hide]
1 Incentives
2 Household recycling
3 Industrial recycling
4 The European Union
5 Main aspects of UK recycling policy
5.1 Glass
5.2 Paper
5.3 Plastic
5.4 Metal cans
5.5 Other materials
5.5.1 Cartons
5.5.2 Electronics
6 Local councils and recycling
6.1 London
6.2 Birmingham
6.3 Newcastle-under-Lyme
7 Criticisms
7.1 Multiple containers
7.2 Fortnightly collections
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Incentives[edit]
Local Authorities are given incentives towards meeting recycling targets set by European, national and regional Government by the imposition of financial penalties for failing to recycle. For example, levies are imposed on the proportion of waste material going to landfill under a landfill tax, which currently stands at £82.60 per tonne.[4]
Unlike other European countries, there are very few deposit-refund schemes in operation. The Defra Packaging Strategy of 2009 supported reward-based programmes, but other than some trials in Scotland, they have received almost no public or political attention. This may be due to the lack of evidence that they improve the recycling rate in a UK context.[5]
The establishment of the government body Waste & Resources Action Programme has increased the country's recycling capacity. It is a registered charity. It works with businesses, individuals and communities to achieve a circular economy through helping them reduce waste, develop sustainable products and use resources in an efficient way. WRAP was established in 2000 as a company limited by guarantee.[6] and receives funding from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Northern Ireland Executive, Zero Waste Scotland, the Welsh Government and the European Union.
Household recycling[edit]
UK domestic recycling policy is geared towards encouraging more people to take control of recycling in their own homes, and over the last decade a number of new regulations have been introduced to encourage greater amounts of recycling. These include fines for people who don’t cut their household waste and a greater emphasis on separating waste into different recyclable materials, with each council applying different rules.
Recently, the focus has shifted from punishing those who don’t recycle enough to encouraging more people to recycle through rewarding the practice.
Other ways to improve recycling include taking glass items to bottle banks at supermarkets and composting biodegradable waste which prevents it from being sent to landfill. One of the best ways to recycle is to simply reuse items around the home rather than throwing them out.
According to the latest figures from Defra:
37% of household waste was recycled in 2008/09.
There was a 235% increase in household recycling in England between 2000/01 and 2009/10.[7]
23 million tonnes of household waste was generated in 2009/10, of which 9.4 million tonnes was recycled, reused or composted.[8]
In 2009/10, compost was the largest component of recycled waste, comprising 40% of the total.[9]
Industrial recycling[edit]
Commercial and industrial (C&I) waste makes up a large proportion of the UK’s waste. According to the latest figures from Defra, 48 million tonnes of C&I waste was generated in England in 2009, a decrease from 67.9 million tonnes 6 years earlier. Furthermore, 52% of C&I waste was reused or recycled, compared to just 42% in 2002/03. This figure is also greater than the household recycling rate. The industrial and service sectors generate roughly equal amounts of waste with similar recycling rates, even though the service sector is economically larger.[10] There reporting of C&I waste statistics has not always met the European Commission's standards, with local councils using different methodologies for their statistics. There has also been no comprehensive survey of C&I waste since 2003.[3]
The European Union[edit]
The EU has introduced a number of directives which determine the targets of UK domestic recycling policy:
The 1999 Landfill Directive is one of the most important of these, which demands a reduction in the amount of waste being sent to landfill from 11.2 million tonnes in 2010 to 7.46 million tonnes in 2013 [11][12]
In 2010, Defra claimed that the UK would meet its first landfill diversion target, which was 75% on 1995 levels, and that it is ‘on track’ to meet the next targets in 2013 (50% on 1995 levels) and 2020 (35% on 1995 levels).[13]
The EU Waste Framework Directive states that the UK must recycle 50% of household waste by 2020, which includes composting and reusing waste. It also demands a 70% minimum recycling target for construction and demolition waste by 2020.[14] The British government is highly confident in meeting the 2020 recycling target, but there is a lower level of certainty with the 2020 Landfill Directive target. There may not be enough time to construct the necessary facilities for organic waste.[3]
Main aspects of UK recycling policy[edit]
Public recycling bins for paper, cans, and plastics in Newcastle upon Tyne.
UK recycling policy aims to improve recycling methods and levels across the UK. The four main materials that it focuses on are glass, paper, plastic and metal cans.
Glass[edit]
Glass can be recycled in the form of bottles and jars which are crushed down and then melted. Glass can be recycled infinitely because it does not lose any of its quality. It uses a lot less energy, fewer raw materials and produces less CO2 than manufacturing glass from scratch. The main difficulty with recycling glass is the need to remove the unwanted materials that contaminate it and avoiding the mixing of different colours.
Glass collection points, known as Bottle Banks are very common near shopping centres, at civic amenity sites and in local neighborhoods in the United Kingdom. Bottle Banks commonly stand beside collection points for other recyclable waste like paper, metals and plastics. Local, municipal waste collectors usually have one central point for all types of waste in which large glass containers are located. There are now over 50,000 bottle banks in the United Kingdom,[15] and 752,000 tons of glass are now recycled annually.[15]
The waste recycling industry in the UK cannot consume all of the recycled container glass that will become available over the coming years, mainly due to the colour imbalance between that which is manufactured and that which is consumed. The UK imports much more green glass in the form of Wine bottles than it uses, leading to a surplus amount for recycling. The resulting surplus of green glass from imported bottles may be exported to producing countries, or used locally in the growing diversity of secondary end uses for recycled glass.[16]
Paper[edit]
Nearly all types of waste paper are recyclable, and recycled paper requires a lot less energy and fewer raw materials to produce than manufacturing it from scratch. However, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely, and the normal amount of times it can be recycled is about six.[17] 12.5 million tonnes of paper and cardboard are used annually in the UK
Plastic[edit]
In the UK, the amount of post-consumer plastic being recycled is relatively low,[18] due in part to a lack of recycling facilities. The main problem with recycling plastic involves sorting the material because there are so many different types of plastic which complicate the process. For this reason plastic often has to be sorted by hand which can be very time consuming. The Plastics 2020 Challenge was founded in 2009 by the plastics industry with the aim of engaging the British public in a nationwide debate about the use, reuse and disposal of plastics, and hosts a series of online debates on its website framed around the waste hierarchy.
Metal cans[edit]
There is a high recycling rate for metal cans in the UK, with aluminium recycling and steel cans being the most common items. Metal can be recycled indefinitely, and aluminium cans use just 5% of the energy needed to produce them from scratch and only release 5% of the amount of greenhouse gases.[19] In addition, it is the easiest material to extract and separate from the other reyclables, using magnets for steel cans and special magnets (eddy currents) it guarantees recycling of every can.
Other materials[edit]
Cartons[edit]
In 2013, the Alliance for Beverage Cartons and the Environment and Sonoco Alcore opened the UK's first carton recycling facility in Halifax. Prior to this, recycling was limited because of the high shipping costs for export, but the new plant processes 40 percent of the country's carton waste. Problems also arise because cartons cannot use recycled fibre, so they are converted into cardboard instead.[20]
Electronics[edit]
The European Union implemented the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive, 2002/96/EC) in February 2003.[21] It requires manufacturers to shoulder the burden of recycling by reimbursing the recyclers' costs. It also set a minimum quota of 4 kg per capita of e-waste per head by 2009.
The United Kingdom was the final member state to pass it into law. The success of the WEEE directive has varied significantly from state to state, with collection rates varying between 13 kilograms per capita per annum to as little as 1 kg per capita per annum. Computers & electronic wastes collected from households within Europe are treated under the WEEE directive via Producer Compliance Schemes (whereby manufacturers of Electronics pay into a scheme that funds its recovery from household waste recycling centres (HWRCs)) and nominated Waste Treatment Facilities (known as Obligated WEEE).
However, recycling of ex corporate Computer Hardware and associated electronic equipment falls outside the Producer Compliance Scheme (Known as non-obligated). In the UK, Waste or obsolete corporate related computer hardware is treated via third party Authorized Treatment Facilities, who normally impose a charge for its collection and treatment.
Local councils and recycling[edit]
Although recycling is required right across the UK, recycling rules differ depending on the local council. Some local councils have implemented a one-box system for separating household waste, whereas others have provided many more boxes, and this recyclable waste is often collected at different times from standard landfill waste collections.
There are also different schemes in place across the country to determine where the waste goes and how it is used.
In England, the local authorities are given targets by Defra. It is these local targets which help the government to achieve its national targets. However, local authorities are given flexibility in deciding how to best meet these targets, hence the number of different schemes in place.
London[edit]
The issue of waste management and recycling is acute in London - the capital produces 17 million tonnes of waste each year, forecast to rise to 26.5 million tonnes in 2020.[22] The Mayor's Greater London Authority sets the framework for dealing with waste within a London-wide Municipal Waste Management Strategy including recycling targets for the London Boroughs to meet, which are made statutory within the London Plan. The existing organisational arrangements however are complex with a number of waste disposal authorities at sub-regional and local levels.
Birmingham[edit]
Birmingham City Council have introduced three kerbside collection schemes.
Paper & Card Recycling (Blue Bag/Box). Introduced 2003. Container emptied every 2 weeks.
Plastic Bottles (PET & HDPE), Glass, Aluminium & Tins Recycling (Green Box). Introduced 2005. Container emptied every 2 weeks.
Garden Waste Recycling (Green Sacks). Introduced 2005. In 2014, Birmingham City Council introduced a £35 a year charge to have a garden waste wheelie bin, which caused huge amounts of complaints[23]
These three schemes are now available to most of Birmingham's home depending on whether they have a garden. The Paper & Garden Waste recycling facility is available to all houses in Birmingham. The Green Box scheme is going to be available to all houses later this year. Every year 3500 tonnes of paper and 8900 tonnes of wood are recycled. There are five household recycling centres and over 400 recycling banks across the whole of Birmingham.
Recycling banks normally include:
Paper & Card Recycling
Glass Recycling
Clothes Recycling
Shoes Recycling
Textiles Recycling
Aluminium Cans Recycling
Newcastle-under-Lyme[edit]
Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council now has a six bin collection scheme.
Food caddy for food waste. Collected weekly.
Red box for metal and plastic. Collected weekly.
Green box for glass and cardboard. Collected weekly.
Blue box for paper, small appliances, batteries, textiles and clothing. Collected weekly.
Brown-lid 240ltr wheelie bin for garden waste. Collected fortnightly, alternately with non-recyclables.
Black-lid 180ltr wheelie bin for non-recyclables. Collected fortnightly, alternately with garden waste.[24]
There has been criticism from residents of Newcastle-under-Lyme after the council spent £2.4 million to improve its recycling in the borough, however the fleet of new vehicles are too wide to fit down some narrow roads. This has left some residents going for up to a fortnight without any waste collection service.[25]
Criticisms[edit]
There have been a number of controversies in recent years involving the recycling policies of various local councils:
Multiple containers[edit]
One of the major problems for recycling at home has been the provision of multiple containers to sort the waste. This has been criticised for being too confusing for many residents, with one of the biggest offenders being the Newcastle-under-Lyme council which implemented a nine-bin system in 2010.[26] Other councils have provided up to seven bins, although some private contractors provide only one, and separate the recyclable material themselves.[27]
Fortnightly collections[edit]
When fortnightly collections were brought in during 2007, they caused a lot of controversy. Many people were against them because it meant that they had to keep hold of their waste for longer and it was feared that this could be unhygienic, with fears arising in the press about health problems being caused as a result.[28] However research conducted by Cranfield University and Enviros in 2007, found that there is unlikely to be significantly greater health issues relating to fortnightly collections against weekly. [29]
In January 2014 the Secretary Of State for Communities and Local Government outlined guidance for how weekly collections could be achieved by local authorities. This was supported by a £250 million scheme made available to participating waste authorities.[30] As of January 2015 no council has elected to fully adopt the scheme under the new system due to budget cuts and a commitment to the European Waste Directive targets.[31] The Chartered Institution of Wastes Management (CIWM) questioned “whether the focus of the £250 million fund will deliver the best environmental and economic outcomes” and suggested that the money could better be spent on alternative options. It went on:
'the additional money could more usefully have been focused on delivering improvements in three key areas: supporting more recycling, either by expanding the range of materials collected or improving participation; supporting an expansion in food waste collections, which is the main area of householder concern regarding collection frequency; and supporting waste prevention initiatives… In economic terms, with so many constraints on council budgets, it is important to ensure that this policy initiative does not lock local councils into significantly higher waste collection costs, for which we will all have to foot the bill long after the Weekly Collections Support Scheme funding has run dry'.[32]
See also[edit]
British Metals Recycling Association
Waste Disposal Authorities in Greater London
Recycling in Northern Ireland
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Recycling rate of municipal waste - Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Friends of the Earth - "Recycling Bill success!"
^ Jump up to: a b c Watson, David (February 2013). "Municipal Waste Management in the United Kingdom". eea.europa.eu. European Environment Agency. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Landfill Tax rates - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. HM Revenue & Customs. 6 April 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Holmes, Alison (January 2014). "Investigating the Impact of Recycling Incentive Schemes Full Report" (PDF). http://www.serco.com/. Serco Eunomia. Retrieved 28 July 2015. External link in |website= (help)
Jump up ^ "Company structure and governance | WRAP UK". Wrap.org.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Household Recycling Rate Defra
Jump up ^ Amount of Recycled Materials in 2009/10 Defra
Jump up ^ Compost Recycling Percentage Defra
Jump up ^ "Commercial and industrial waste generation and management". www.defra.gov.uk. 13 June 2011. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Landfill Waste in 2010 Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste
Jump up ^ Landfill Waste in 2013 The EU’s new Waste Framework Directive
Jump up ^ Defra landfill diversion targets Defra
Jump up ^ UK Framework Directive on Household Recycling Defra
^ Jump up to: a b "Big British bottle bank birthday". reuters.com.
Jump up ^ British Standards Institute (2005) PAS 102, Specification for processed glass for selected secondary end markets
Jump up ^ Paper Recycling Information UK Government Recycling Guideline
Jump up ^ Plastics wasteonline.org.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Greenhouse Gas Targets Daily Mail Online
Jump up ^ Smedley, Tim (15 August 2013). "A new carton recycling plant could mean an end to shipping waste overseas". the Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment".
Jump up ^ The London Plan, Mayor of London, (February 2004), p158.
Jump up ^ Elkes, Neil (2015-11-10). "£35 'garden tax' charge in Brum finally paying off - council". birminghammail. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
Jump up ^ "Your Collection Services | Newcastle-Under-Lyme Borough Council". www.newcastle-staffs.gov.uk. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
Jump up ^ "Recycling goes uncollected after council buys bin lorries too wide for streets". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
Jump up ^ Nine Bin Recycling System BBC News
Jump up ^ One Bin Recycling Initiative Waste Concern
Jump up ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7501433/Fortnightly-collections-make-bins-a-health-hazard.html Telegraph Online
Jump up ^ weeklyresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN05988/SN05988.pd
Jump up ^ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271435/BinBible-2-NT3.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2908907/Pickles-bins-collection-fund-weekly-rounds-used-zero-councils-authority-considered-decided-expensive.html
Jump up ^ CIWM responds to CLG announcement on funding for weekly collections, Chartered Institution of Wastes Management, 30 September 2011
Further reading[edit]
"Review of Kerbside Recycling Schemes Operated by Local Authorities" (PDF). Hampshire: WYG Environment. 10 May 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Recycling in the United Kingdom.
Waste and recycling page at DEFRA
Recycling Policy Document
Recycling Guide
Recycling at the Birmingham City Council
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text:
Illusions of self-motion
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This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help us clarify the article. There might be a discussion about this on the talk page. (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Illusions of self-motion refers to a phenomenon that occurs when someone feels like their body is moving when no movement is taking place. One can experience illusory movements of the whole body or of individual body parts, such as arms or legs.
Contents
[hide]
1 Vestibular illusions
2 Vection
3 Sea legs, dock rock, or stillness illness
4 See also
5 References
Vestibular illusions[edit]
The vestibular system is one of the major sources of information about one's own motion. Disorders of the visual system can lead to dizziness, vertigo, and feelings of instability. Vertigo is not associated with illusory self-motion as it does not typically make you feel as though you are moving; however, in a subclass of vertigo known as subjective vertigo one does experience their own motion. People experience themselves being pulled heavily in one direction[1] There are also specific self-motion illusions that can occur through abnormal stimulation of various parts of the vestibular system, often encountered in aviation. This includes an illusion of inversion, in which one feels like they're tumbling backwards. Through various stimuli, people can be made to feel as if they are moving when they are not, not moving when they are, tilted when they are not, or not tilted when they are.[2]
Vection[edit]
See also: Sensory illusions in aviation § Vection illusion
When a large part of the visual field moves, a viewer feels like he has moved and that the world is stationary.[3][dead link] For example, when one is in a train at a station, and a nearby train moves, one can have the illusion that one's own train has moved in the opposite direction. Common sorts of vection include circular vection, where an observer is placed at the center of rotation of a large vertically-oriented rotating drum, usually painted with vertical stripes; linear vection, where an observer views a field that either approaches or recedes; and roll vection, where an observer views a patterned disk rotating around his or her line of sight. During circular vection, the observer feels like he is rotating and the drum is stationary. During linear vection, the observer feels like he has moved forwards or backwards and the stimulus has stayed stationary. During roll vection, the observer feels like he has rotated around the line of sight and the disk has stayed stationary.
Inducing vection can also induce motion sickness in susceptible individuals.
Sea legs, dock rock, or stillness illness[edit]
After being on a small boat for a few hours and then going back onto land, it may feel like there is still rising and falling, as if one is still on the boat.[4][dead link] It can also occur on other situations, such as after a long train journey. It is not clear whether sea legs is a form of aftereffect to the predominant frequency of the stimulation (e.g., the waves or the rocking of the train), whether it is a form of learning to adjust one's gait and posture, or whether it is a form of the Tetris effect. Sea legs needs to be distinguished from mal de debarquement, which is much more disturbing and long-lasting.
See also[edit]
Balance disorder
Broken escalator phenomenon
Chronic subjective dizziness
Dizziness
Equilibrioception
Ideomotor phenomenon
Proprioception
Seasickness
Spatial disorientation
Vertigo
Mal de debarquement
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Symptoms". 27 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Lawson, B. D., & Riecke, B. E. (2014). The Perception of Body Motion. Handbook of Virtual Environments, CRC Press, 163-196.
Jump up ^ "Vection Measures".
Jump up ^ "Sea legs - 22 January 2005 - New Scientist".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illusions_of_self-motion&oldid=798291006"
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Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board
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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board (Sindhi: حيدرآباد (سنڌ) نيشنل ڪاليجيئيٽ بورڊ)
Founded
1922
Founder
Principal Khushiram Motiram Kundnani, Late Barrister Hotchand Gopaldas Advani
Type
Education, Nonprofit organisation
Focus
To be at the frontline of human knowledge and work towards the fulfillment of cultural, scientific, intellectual and humane needs of society in general and students in particular; to enrich and enhance the economic vitality and quality of life, while being firmly rooted in the rich Indian ethos and belief
Location
Mumbai, India
Area served
Mumbai
Key people
Niranjan Hiranandani - President
Kishu Mansukhani- Vice-President
Indu Shahani - Director - Academics
Website
www.hsncb.com/default.htm
The Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board (Sindhi: حيدرآباد (سنڌ) نيشنل ڪاليجيئيٽ بورڊ HSNCB) is an Indian non-profit organisation founded by Principal K. M. Kundnani in 1922 in the British India province of Sind which was later carved out as part of the Partition of British India in 1947. After Partition, he re-founded it in Bandra, Mumbai in 1949. It is one of the oldest educational trusts of India and currently administers 27 institutes under its umbrella including the Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai.
The first college established by this Board was the Rishi Dayaram National College or R. D. National College, more commonly known as the "National College", located on Linking Road in Bandra, a suburb of Mumbai (then Bombay).
R.D. National College was founded in 1922 in the city of Hyderabad in the then Sind Division of the Bombay Presidency (i.e. province) of British India by the Sindhi speaking Hindu community, under the inspiration of Dr. Annie Besant and Rishi Dayaram Gidumal, a Sindhi Hindu religious leader. After Partition, Mr. K.M. Kundnani, who had been its principal, re-founded it in Bandra, Mumbai in 1949, with critical assistance from Advocate H.G. Advani.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Colleges
3 Schools
4 Board members (as on July 23, 2013)
5 Famous alumni
6 Related activities / institutions
7 Sources
History[edit]
The Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board, well known as HSNC board, is a charitable trust established by the Sindhi Community in 1922. It currently manages and administers 27 institutes under its umbrella and is presided by Mr Niranjan Hirandani, one of India's most respected entrepreneurs.
The HSNC Board has roots going back over 60 years. The board was managing the National College in Hyderabad (Sind) long before the partition of India, In true spirit of their times, the members of the Board worked to ensure the nations integrity and honour during the National Movement of Indian Independence. After the Partition of the country in 1947, the members of Sindhi Hindu Community migrated to India. Principal K.M. Kundnani, with the vision and mission to promote participation in education, initiated the efforts for starting a college in Mumbai. With active support and encouragement from Late Barrister Hotchand G. Advani, the Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board came into existence in India in 1949 at Bandra, Mumbai. Late Barrister H.G. Advani was the Founder President and Late Principal K.M. Kundnani was the Founder Secretary and Founder Principal of the first college started by the board known as the Rishi Dayaram National College, Bandra, Mumbai. Since then the Board has been offering unique pre-degree study, undergraduate and post graduate degrees in a wide range of programmes. It has produced professionals’ par excellence in the fields of Arts, Science, Commerce, Management, Education, Law, Engineering, Technology and Para-Medical. All the Colleges under the Board are affiliated to University of Mumbai, are approved by the State Government and recognised by AICTE.
Colleges[edit]
The HSNCB has founded and operates several other educational institutions in the Indian Union:
Colaba Campus, Mumbai: The Bombay Teachers' Training College - offering Diplomas and Baccalaureates in Education (B.Ed. & D.Ed.)
Cuffe Parade Campus, Mumbai: The Bombay School of Business - offering Masters in e-Business
Churchgate Campus, Mumbai:
The Seth Kishinchand Chellaram College (i.e., "K.C. College") - with Arts, Science, Commerce, Law, Media, Management and Information Technology faculties
The Kishinchand Chellaram Law College (i.e., "K.C. Law College")
The Hassaram Rijhamal College of Commerce & Economics ("H.R. College"), also offering Management Studies
Bandra Campus, Mumbai:
The Rishi Dayaram National College - Arts, Commerce, Media, Information Technology faculties
The Wassiamul Assomul Science College
The Mithibai Motiram Kundnani College of Commerce & Economic Studies - Commerce, Management faculties
The G.J. Advani College of Law
The Thadomal Shahani Engineering College - Computer Science, Chemical, Electronics, Information Technology, Biotech and Bio-medical engineering
Worli Campus, Mumbai:
The Principal K.M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy
The Watumull Institute of Electronic Engineering, Computer Technology and Instrumentation
The Bombay Institute of Technology - Digital Electronics, Computer Technology, Chemical Engineering
Ulhasnagar Campus:
The Smt Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College - Arts, Science, Commerce
The Principal K.M. Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic
The Institute of Technology - Digital Electronics, Computer Technology, Information Technology
Shri Hashmatrai and Gangaram Himmatmal Mansukhani Institute of Management
Dr.L.H.Hiranandani College Of Pharmacy
Nari Gurshahani Law College
Schools[edit]
The HSNC Board also operates the following schools:
The R.K. Academy in Colaba, Bombay
The Valiram Bherumal Melwani Model High School in Grant Road, Bombay
The Master Sitaldas Chanshyamdas Punwani Tutorial High School in Grant Road, Bombay.(Formerly Known as Master Tutorial High School.
The Master Tutorial English Primary School in Grant Road, Bombay
The Sind Model English Primary School in Grant Road, Bombay
The Sri Gangaram Sind National Higher Secondary School in Ulhasnagar
The Jai Hind Academy Higher Secondary School in Ulhasnagar
The Little Angel's Academy in Grant Road, Bombay
Board members (as on July 23, 2013)[edit]
The Board presently consists of the following persons:
President : Mr. Niranjan Lakhumal Hiranandani, founder & CEO of the Hiranandani Group of Companies, principally Hiranandani Constructions. He is the son of the renowned Dr.Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani.
Past President: Mr. Anil Harish, renowned High Court Advocate specialising in Income Tax, Real Estate and Cooperative Housing matte
Vice-President: Mr. Kishu Mansukhani, a trustee of the J. Kundnani Trust and patron of the Board.
Secretary & Rector: Prof. J. K. Bhambhani
Director - Academics: Dr Indu Shahani, Sheriff of Mumbai and visiting lecturer at University of California, Berkeley & New York University Stern School of Business
Famous alumni[edit]
L. K. Advani, currently senor leader of the Bharatiya Janta Party and former Deputy Prime Minister of India
Dr. Mrs. Indira Hinduja, Gynaecologist and pioneer in In-Vitro fertilisation in South Asia
Dr. Pahlajani, Cardiologist
Mr. Majid Memon, Bombay High Court Advocate specialising in Criminal Law
Mr. Ramnath Kini, Bombay High Court Advocate and one-time Additional Public Prosecutor, Maharashtra State
Mr. Amin Khandwani, Chairperson of the Maharashtra State Minority Commission
Mr. Nanik Rupani, Chairperson of the FICCI
Mr. Ajay Chandwani, Managing Director of iconic Bombay advertisement agency Lintas
Mr. Hari Mehra, President of the Khar Gymkhana Club
Brij Narayan, sarod player
Mr. Suresh Wadkar, Famous playback singer
Shaan, pop and playback singer
Late Mr. Amjad Khan, Stage and film actor noted for his comedian and villain roles (e.g. as "Gabbar Singh" in the iconic Hindi movie "Sholay")
Mr. Javed Jaffrey, film actor and comedian
Mrs. Nirmala Samant-Prabhavalkar, Chairperson, Maharashtra State Women's Commission
Mr. Anil Ambani, 15th Richest man in the World; 3rd Richest Man in India
Rajesh Khanna, Famous Actor and Member of Parliament
Related activities / institutions[edit]
Although not operated by the HSNC Board, the following institutions have been founded by and are operated by frequently the same set of persons belonging to the Sindhi Hindu community in Bombay:
The P.D. Hinduja National Hospital, Mahim, Bombay
The K.P.B. Hinduja College, Charni Road, Bombay
Sources[edit]
The Nationalite, Prospectus of the R.D. National College, Bandra for the Academic year 2005-2006
Diwan Bherumal Meharchand. "Amilan Jo Ahwal"- 24 March 1919
Amilan Jo Ahwal (1919) - Translated into English ("A History of the Amils") at www.saibaba-fund.org/sindhis.html
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyderabad_(Sind)_National_Collegiate_Board&oldid=790994999"
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