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Methodist Boys' School, Kuala Lumpur
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Methodist Boys' School, Kuala Lumpur
Sekolah Laki-Laki Methodist, Kuala Lumpur
Location
Jalan Hang Jebat, 50150, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
Information
Type
All-boys primary school, secondary school
Motto
Latin: Ora et Labora
(Pray and Work)
Religious affiliation(s)
Christian
Denomination
Methodist Church
Established
c. 1897
Founder
Rev. Dr. William T. Kensett
Status
Cluster school of excellence; High Performance School
Principal
Mr. Brendan Ravi Chandran
Grades
Standard 1 - 6
Form 1 - 6
Gender
Male
Co-educational (Form 6)
Campus
Large School campus, at the city centre
Colour(s)
Or Yellow and Azure Blue
Yearbook
The Excelsior
Alumni
www.mbsalumni.net
Website
www.mbsskl.edu.my
Methodist Boys' School, Kuala Lumpur (Malay: Sekolah Lelaki Methodist, Kuala Lumpur; abbreviated MBS Kuala Lumpur) is a semi-government aided[citation needed] Cluster School of Excellence[1] and High Performance School[citation needed] in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was founded in July 1897, making it one of the oldest schools in Malaysia. It is known as MBS and its students are known as Methodites. The school is also known as Horley School, a reference to one of its principals, Rev. William E. Horley, who was responsible for changing and giving the school its present name from the previous name of Anglo-Tamil School. The name Horley School has been widely misunderstood as a reference to marble, which is also called Horley in Chinese, a game that was popular amongst its students then. It is noted for its library, which attracts visits from many other schools.
The school was founded by Christian missionary Dr. Kensett in July 1897.[citation needed] The school population grew to be overwhelmingly Indian and the school was named Anglo-Tamil School, at a small wooden shophouse at the corner of Batu Road and Java Street, since demolished.
In 1899, Rev. Abraham became its first headmaster, leading a staff of four teachers. It was then registered as a government-aided school.
Three years later, the MBS proper was founded by Rev. W. E. Horley at the temporary premises of an unused pork market in Malacca Street. The Anglo-Tamil School was absorbed into it, opening up the school to all races.
In 1904, the school decided to move to Petaling Hill (its present site) after a few evacuations by the sanitary board due to the dilapidated condition of the buildings. Within eight months, enough funds had been collected to erect a new building. Two new wings were constructed and a playing field laid down.[2] In 2008, Methodist Boys' Secondary School was awarded cluster school status by the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE).
Contents
[hide]
1 Students
2 MBS Anthem
2.1 English Version
2.2 Malay Version
3 School Cheer
4 School Crest
5 School Magazine
6 School Library
7 History
8 Culture
8.1 Uniform
8.2 Student Boards
8.2.1 Prefects
8.2.2 Librarians
8.2.3 Sportsmen
8.2.4 Information Technology Brigade
8.2.5 SPBT Prefects (BOSS)
8.2.6 Editorial
8.3 Discipline
8.4 House System
8.5 Combined Boards' Day
9 Co-curricular
9.1 Uniform Bodies
9.2 10th Kuala Lumpur Air Scouts Group
9.3 1st Kuala Lumpur Boys' Brigade Company
9.4 Kuala Lumpur No.6 Ambulance Cadet Division of St. John Ambulance Malaysia
10 Former Principals
11 Current Administration of MBSSKL
12 Alumni Association
13 Notable alumni
13.1 Business
13.2 Law
13.3 Public Service
13.4 Politics
13.5 Media and entertainment
13.6 Miscellaneous
14 References
15 External links
Students[edit]
Students of MBSSKL come from all walks of life, be it rich or poor, dark or fair skinned.[citation needed] Unlike the nickname "Johannian" for St. John's Institution students and "Victorian" for Victoria Institution students, there has been no officially recognised nickname for MBSSKL students, the term "MBSian" (pronounced as "Ambition") is used commonly. However, a more proper term Methodites was used by the 1977 School Captain, Christopher Kushi in the Excelsior Magazine 1977.[3]
MBS Anthem[edit]
English Version[edit]
The School Song was composed in 1948 by former principal, Mr. Hugh F. Clancy. The music was harmonised by N.Swan, in the same year. The school anthem was sung over Radio Malaya in 1949 by the school choir.
Go forward MBS
Filled with courage fine
With your colours flying
We will cheer you all the time
And so you go forward MBS
On to victory
Work for the fame of our fair name Forward we must play the game
The Malay Version was drafted during a competition to translate the school song in Malay in which Cheok Heng Wai of 5 Mori (1995), at that time, won the competition and this was the lyrics that followed.
Malay Version[edit]
The Song was translated into the national language in 1995.
Majulah MBS
Penuh azam baru
Dengan semangat waja
Kita menjulangkan namamu
Majulah MBS
Raih kejayaan
Harumkan namamu selalu
Kekalkan keunggulan
[4]
Source: Excelsior 1954 and Excelsior 2006
School Cheer[edit]
M.B.S!, M.B.S! Play up! Play up! Play up!
Source: Excelsior 2006
School Crest[edit]
The school badge consists of the words "MBS" and a banner in Or Yellow against a background shield of Azure Blue. Azure Blue, represents the fact that all humanity shares the same sky and a sense of togetherness. It represents the harmony of all the races in MBSSKL, and that the importance of each individual is recognised. Whereas, Or Yellow, represents the excellence for which we are encouraged to strive for.
The school crest has changed somewhat throughout the years especially on the removal of a "white cross" upon which the text "MBS" once sat. The removal of the cross was initially made in deference to Muslim students in the school who would specifically wear the "cross-less" version of the badge. (The badges of convent schools which featured a prominent cross had to be completely redesigned.) Politically, Malaysia was developing into a primarily Muslim country with a multi-racial, multi-ethnic population who have long learnt to exist among each other with tolerance. The permanent removal of the cross in 1989 reflects this subtle shift in the country's sensitivity to the Muslim community.
The shape of the bar in which the motto sits has been morphed over the years. The most recent crest shows that the bar curves down on both sides and extends beyond the crest body. The original crest that was last used in the mid-nineteen seventies had it pointed up at both the edges and is shorter than the crest body.
The motto, "Ora et Labora" means "Pray and Work" in Latin.
Source: Excelsior 2004
School Magazine[edit]
The school magazine of the MBSSKL is named the Excelsior. It was published annually by the Excelsior Editorial Board since 1906 to the late 1910s where it was discontinued before being revived by Dr. Ho Seng Ong in the early 1920s, then still a student in the school before becoming a principal later. It is one of the oldest school magazines in the entire country. The first school magazine which was published in the year 1906 is still in the possession of the school's archive and principal. In 2007, the Excelsior magazine was awarded as the best school magazine in the country.
School Library[edit]
The MBSSKL Library is supposedly the oldest school library in the country. The Library was founded in 1906, by philanthropist Mr. Eu Tong Sen of Perak, the youngest son of Mr. Eu Kong, founder of Eu Yan Sang company.
In 1937, the library was renamed the Lum Mun Yoke Memorial Library.
In 1941, war broke out and left the library in shambles.
In 1947, the library was revived by former principal Mr. S. Kanagaratnam (Acting). At the early stages of revival, only senior students were allowed to use the library while the library masters were working hard to restore the condition of the library.
Initially, during these stages, the library was separated into three libraries, namely the Students' Library, the Form Six Library and the Staff Library. The library was at that time located directly above the principal's office, which according to sources, was located at the Hinch Block.
In 1957, Students who were voluntary helpers were formally given the title "Student Librarians". In 1962, the Student Librarians were formally recognised as "The Board of Student Librarians" and were given the privilege of wearing a light blue shirt to distinguish themselves from the rest of the students, hence earning them the name "Lightblues". Before this, no other Student Librarian body in the country had the honour of wearing a special distinctive uniform. Special badges were given out as well. Until today, the Board of Student Librarians has still retained their traditional white and lightblue uniform, with the addition of a dark blue blazer, which is the highest honour given to student leaders. Only the 2 most distinguished boards of the school have been given permission to don dark blue (The School Colour), while the rest of the Boards have no blazers or black blazers.
In the 60s also, the libraries were once again centralised to form the MBSSKL Central Library. The Central Library was relocated to the top floor of the T. Mori Block. The school library also earned the distinction of being one of the first libraries in town to enjoy central air conditioning and had a fine collection of reference books. This is proved by the fact that the Central Library was a popular place for Methodites to study in and was opened on weekdays. The Central Library also occasionally opened during Saturdays until 6 pm.
In 1962, the library was designated a "model school library". Many other schools have visited the MBSSKL library to learn from its library, including schools from as far as Thailand. The visitors were never disappointed with the standard of the library, which was considered to be among the most well-equipped school library in the nation in that era.
In 2006, the library shifted to its current premises on top floor of the Tan Sri Dato' Seri(Dr) Lim Goh Tong block. It is located in a big hall known as the Wong Chee Kooi room and Reunion 5971 room, and the library itself is called the Centenary Library. It is administrated by the Board of Student Librarians, and the Junior Board of Student Librarians.
The motto of the Board of Student Librarians is "Esprit de Corps", which means "the spirit of togetherness".
Source: MBSSKL Library Heritage Corner
History[edit]
MBSKL was founded by Rev. Dr. William T. Kensett, a naval officer of the Royal Navy battleship HMS Orion. In July 1897 he decided to set up a church and school for the Tamils in Kuala Lumpur, and he left the British Navy. A shophouse was secured at the corner of Batu Road and Java Street, and the predominantly Tamil school was named the Anglo-Tamil School.
In 1904, the school moved to its current premises on Petaling Hill and was renamed the Methodist Boys' School Kuala Lumpur by Rev William E Horley, the name used until this day.
In 1954, the 1st Kuala Lumpur Boys' Brigade Company was set up in the school by Mr. Khoo Oon Soo and Mr. R.A. Allen. After the first few years, 1st KL shifted to the Wesley Church just next door to the school, and used the Church premises as its meeting place. The 1st Kuala Lumpur Boys' Brigade Company is the 3rd oldest company in Malaysia, and is known for its history in Band, Footdrill and Talent Time competition results at National Level. The Company has also produced a fine collection of President's Men and Founder's Men, as well as two Queen's Men.
In 1958, the school was divided into the Secondary School (MBSSKL) and the Primary School (MBPSKL) in accordance with Malaysia's new Education Policy.
In its natural geography, Petaling Hill, on which MBS now stands, the school overlooks one of the oldest business sections of Kuala Lumpur which consists of many of the oldest Chinese business establishments.
The reason for Rev Horley choosing this site for the Wesley Church, the parsonage and the school was not different from other pioneer missionaries who chose sites for church, school and living quarters in other parts of the country. It was to be close to the community whom they wanted to serve, but yet sufficiently removed to have the quiet serenity for school and church to function and the incumbent pastor who used to also head the school, to dwell in peace.
It is not surprising that as the country developed and as towns became cities, churches and schools which were once at the fringes of towns, are now engulfed in the midst of city centres.
Numbered among the former students are successful citizens in all walks of life and professions. There is no record of the progress and achievements of students who have left the school.
The school's traditional rivals are the Victoria Institution and St. John's Institution, as the two institutions together with MBSKL are generally known as the top three boys' schools in Kuala Lumpur. This friendly rivalry existed way back in the three schools' history of over 100 years, not only on the sports field but also in academic and extracurricular pursuits.
The MBSSKL bell is the oldest existing school bell in Kuala Lumpur and dates from 1923. It was mounted in a special tower built by MBSOBA and was located at the Reading Corner. The tower was demolished along with the Youth Center on 28 June 2010. However, the bell tower was restored and rebuilt in its old spot in 2014.
Source: MBSKL Centenary Commemorative Book
Culture[edit]
Uniform[edit]
The traditional uniform for the students is white long pants and a white shirt, with a plain dark blue tie. However, the school has changed its uniform in line with Government policy which requires all secondary students to wear Olive Green pants and a white shirt. MBSSKL does not allow the wearing of pants with pleats and/or bell-bottoms. The school tie is navy blue in colour, with repeated patterns of the school crest. A metal school badge is worn over the left pocket, and a cloth name tag sewn on under the school badge. Students from different year groups would have different coloured name tags. Nevertheless, temporary name tags are available for sale during morning assemblies and recess time. (Until 2004, the name tags were made of plastic, coloured based on forms with black wordings for students.)
Members of the all the student boards wear different uniforms and metal badges except those in the Editorial Board.
Student Boards[edit]
There are six major boards in the school, namely the Prefectorial Board, Board of Student Librarians, Editorial Board, IT Brigade, the Sportsmen's Board and SPBT Prefects Board.
Prefects[edit]
The Prefectorial Board was founded in 1931. The head of prefects in MBSSKL are known as School Captains (Kapten Sekolah) and not Head Prefects (Ketua Pengawas). In the event that a former School Captain should return to study in the school for the Lower and Upper Six form, he would immediately assume the post of Honorary School Captain and be part of the Executive Committee until the incumbent Executive Committee retires. Former Senior Prefects returning to study in the school for the Lower and Upper Six form are considered assets to the Board and are immediately reinstated. In any one academic year, a Vice Captain 2 may be elected in the Annual General Meeting if the position is deemed necessary. However, the position is reserved for a Form 6 Senior Prefect only.
Interviews for appointments as prefects are extended only to selected students after exhaustive vetting. Appointments to students of the Lower Sixth Form are reserved for girls. The interviewing panel consist of the members of the Executive Committee, although PROTEM EXCOs may take up this responsibility if the interviews fall after 31 July. Successful interviewees would undergo a period of probation where the duration is determined by the Executive Committee of the Board and the Advisor(s).
Inauguration of the in-coming elected Executive Committee and the installation of new Senior Prefects are held annually in a ceremony on Prefects' Day. Upon installation, the new Senior Prefects will wear a Prefect's Badge, which is the standard school crest with a blue banner beneath bearing the word "Prefect" in white lettering. A Prefect's name tag is yellow with navy blue lettering, and is worn immediately below the Prefect's Badge. The Executive Committee members of the Prefectorial Board are the only students in the school warranted to wear special school badges that bear their respective portfolio titles in white lettering on a blue banner beneath the school crest (e.g. Secretary), unlike the Executive Committee members of other boards where a separate tag is worn beneath their Board badges (i.e. The Librarian Chairman wears a tag stating his position - "Chairman of Centenary Library" below his Librarian's Badge and above his white name tag.).
Aside from maintaining student discipline, the Prefects are organisers of the annual Teachers' Day and are given near-total autonomy for all the activities in the event.
Librarians[edit]
The Board of Student Librarians proper was founded in 1962 although students who were voluntary helpers were formally given the title "Student Librarians" in 1957. In 1962, the current uniform of the librarians was designed by former teacher advisor Mrs. Sally Ti. The Librarians wear a Librarian's Badge, which is the standard school crest with a yellow banner beneath bearing the word "Librarian" . A Librarian's name tag is white with dark blue lettering, and is worn immediately below the Librarian's Badge. The Executive Committee members of the Board of Student Librarians retains their Board Badge and wears a separate tag bearing their respective portfolio titles.
Sportsmen[edit]
The Sportsmen's Club (Now Sportsmen's Board) was founded in the early 1970s. Membership to this board is extremely exclusive to those who excel in sports and character. Annually, less than 5 students are awarded membership to the Sportsmen's Board. The Sportsmen wear a Sportman's Badge, which is a silver pentadecagon with 120 decorative straight lines (8 lines between each vertices) projecting outwards engraved on the edge with the standard school crest in the centre encircled by a blue ring that bear the words "Lembaga Olahragawan Kuala Lumpur".
Information Technology Brigade[edit]
The IT Brigade was established in 2006 to develop the IT infrastructure in the school compound. Their duties include all computer-related issues of the school especially maintaining the Multimedia labs for the students' usage and computer repairs. The IT Brigadiers wear an IT Brigadier's Badge, which is the standard school crest with a black banner beneath bearing the word "IT Brigade". An IT Brigadier's name tag is silver with black lettering, finished with a clear protective layer, and is worn immediately below the IT Brigadier's Badge. The Executive Committee members of the IT Brigade retains their Board Badge and wears a separate tag bearing their respective portfolio titles.
SPBT Prefects (BOSS)[edit]
The Board of Student SPBT Prefects was established in 2012 to coordinate the loaning, returning and preservation of textbooks under the textbook loaning programme introduced by the Malaysian Ministry of Education. Apart from the annual loaning and returning of textbooks at the end of every academic year, they are responsible for making sure the textbooks are treated with care and respect throughout the loan period. The BOSS Prefects are trained to wrap books neatly (i.e. wrapping the covers tightly with minimal excess plastic wrapping) and cataloguing textbooks. The BOSS Prefects wear a BOSS Prefect's Badge, which is the standard school crest with a red banner beneath bearing the word "BOSS".
Editorial[edit]
The Editorial Board was established in 1906. Members of this Board do not wear special uniforms and may consist of students of any age. Membership from students in existing Boards are allowed as long as their prior responsibilities do not impede the progress of the magazine production. The Excelsior's Editor-in-Chief is assisted by his sub-editors and six other departments, namely Highlights, Organisation, Miscellaneous, Graphics, Photography, and Profiles. Every member is selected based on their strengths (e.g. writing, photography, etc.) and ability to work in a team. The teacher advisor and the team are given privileged access to all events related to the school so as to be able to capture important moments in photos and words for the Excelsior. The Board's duties regardless of whichever department is labour-intensive and requires precision in their works to be able to meet tight deadlines with external printers, photographers and binders.
Discipline[edit]
MBSSKL operates a merit/demerit points scheme for rewards and punishments. The computer server and system is maintained and coordinated by the Prefectorial Board with guidance from the Senior Assistant of Student Affairs and discipline teachers. Accumulated demerit points may be worked off by carrying out tasks such as cleaning the assembly terraces, field and walkways.[5] Corporal punishment is administered for a wide range of school offences, consisting of either one, two or three strokes of the cane.[6]
House System[edit]
As like any former British schools, MBS practices the house system, although nowadays, the house system is mainly for sports purposes. Four of the houses are named after donors who provided the establishment funds of the school, and one is named after a prominent former principal. 3 new houses were introduced in 2009. The houses are:
House
Named after
Colour
Motto
Foong Wah Mr. Foong Yat Wah Red Unity, Courage and Faith
Chow Thye Mr. Loke Chow Thye Blue Ever Linking
Doraisamy Mr. Doraisamy Pillai Purple Labor Omnia Vincit (Labour conquers all things)
Loke Yew Mr. Loke Yew Yellow To Serve, To Strive but Not To Yield
Horley Rev. Horley Green Ever Onward
Shellabear Rev. Shellabear Grey
Goh Tong Mr. Lim Goh Tong Orange
Mori Mr. T Mori Brown
Combined Boards' Day[edit]
The CBD is an annual event organised by the student boards, namely the Prefectorial Board, Board of Student Librarians, Sportsmen's Board since 1991. IT Brigade joined in as the 4th Board in 2007 and SPBT Board joined in as the 5th Board in 2012. Traditionally, the main focus of this event was the installation of the members of the above boards, but over the years, the function has evolved to no longer include installation. It is now a day of fun, socialising and fellowship with student leaders from KL and Selangor schools, and is always organised in a way that brings positive outcomes to the boards as well as the school. It can also be a day of conference where Kuala Lumpur and Selangor school leaders meet up together and discuss about issues arising among students as well as to solve the problems. Like most events organised in MBSSKL, students are given near-total autonomy on selecting the theme and planning the events of the day. The 27th Combined Boards' Day was held in 2017.
Co-curricular[edit]
Uniform Bodies[edit]
There are 7 uniformed bodies in the school as of 2009. Some examples are:[7]
10th Kuala Lumpur Air Scouts Group[edit]
10th Kuala Lumpur Air Scouts was established in 1915 and absorbed 15th Kuala Lumpur Scouts Troop after the second World War.[8]
1st Kuala Lumpur Boys' Brigade Company[edit]
Founded by Mr. Khoo Onn Soo under the sponsorship of Wesley Methodist Church, Kuala Lumpur in 1954. 1st Kuala Lumpur Boys Brigade was the first of the companies to be established in Kuala Lumpur.[9]
Kuala Lumpur No.6 Ambulance Cadet Division of St. John Ambulance Malaysia[edit]
KLN6ACD is a division under St. John Ambulance of Malaysia, part of an international voluntary service organisation dedicated to training and providing first aid skills. The division has had numerous achievements in competitions at the state and national levels, and continues to be a major contributor in voluntary first aid service within the school as well as the public through duties coordinated by the State Officers.
Former Principals[edit]
Years
Principal
1897-1899 Dr. William Thomas Kensett, M.D.
1899-1901 Rev. Samuel Abraham
1901-1907 Rev. William Edward Horley, M.B.E.
1908-1912 Mr. Robert T. McCoy, B.Sc
1913 Rev. B.J.Baughman, M.A.
1913 Rev. Walter Guy Parker, M.A.
1914 Rev. Preston Littlepage Peach, M.A.,M.M.E.
1915 Rev. George F. Pykett
1915-1919 Rev. Preston L. Peach, M.A.,M.M.E.
1919-1924 Rev. Walter Guy Parker, M.A.
1924-1926 Mr. Thomas William Hinch, O.B.E.
1926-1929 Rev. R.A. Blasdell, B.A. (Acting)
1930-1933 Rev. T.W. Bowmar
1934-1937 Rev. Preston L. Peach, M.A., M.M.E.
1938 Rev. W.A. Schurr, M.A., B.D. (Acting)
1939-1941 Rev. Preston L. Peach, M.A., M.M.E.
1942-1944 none - War Period
1945-1946 Mr. S. Kanagaratnam (Acting)
1947-1948 Rev. Preston L. Peach, M.A., M.M.E.
1949-1952 Mr. Hugh F. Clancy, B.A.
1950-1951 Mr. T.K. Cheong (Acting)
1952-1955 Dr. Ho Seng Ong, Ed.D, M.A., P.R.G.S.
1955-1968 Mr. T. Mori, R.C.D.
1969-1978 Mr. Tan Hee Heng, R.C.D.
1979-1985 Mr. Yong Chee Seng
1986-1995 Mr. Loh Kung Sing
1995-1996 Mrs. Hew Yoon Yew
1997-2004 Mr. Loo Wan Yong
2004-2005 Ms. Moey Yoke Lai
2005-2017 Mr. Wong Chee Kheon
2017- Mr. Brendan Ravi Chandran
Current Administration of MBSSKL[edit]
Principal: Mr. Brendan Ravi Chandran
Senior Assistant 1(Administration and Curriculum) : Loh Tzu Lee
Senior Assistant (Student Affairs) : Sanusi bin Ismail
Senior Assistant (Co-curriculum) : Jamilah Bt. Mohd Koya
Senior Assistant (Higher Learning) : Gan Swit Peng
Senior Assistant (Special Education): Loi Wing Ping
Senior of Languages : Rozana Binti Hashim
Senior of Humanitarian And Social Sciences : Flora Grace Jeevamoney
Senior of Science And Mathematics : Fazliyanee Binti Pakhuruddin
Senior of Technical And Vocational : Norizan Bt. Mohd Daud
Senior of Form 6 Co-Curriculur Activities : Gopala Krishnan
Head of Form 6 Unit of Social Sciences : Victoria Janasamy
Head of Form 6 Unit of Accounts Learning : Khadizah Bt. Jaafar
Head of Form 6 Unit of Science And Mathematics : Yong Wai Ping
Head of Form 6 Unit of Languages : Hajah Mazlini Bt. Mustafa
Chief of English Language Department : Mrs. V.Ramani Chief of Science Department : Zarul Hirniza
Chief of Sports And Recreation Department : Ramesh Ram Ramalu
Chief of Geography Department : Hasmawati Bt. Hashim
Chief of History Department : Mohd. Rithauddin Bin Muhammad Nor
Chief of Malay Language Department : Zikri Ihsan
Chief of Maths Department : Kee Lai Yee
Chief of Technical Life Knowledge Department : Wan Noorazwany
Alumni Association[edit]
The alumni association of MBSSKL is known as MBSalumni, previously known as MBSOBA (Methodist Boys' School Old Boys Association).[10][11] Its first documented meeting was in 1919. It was set up with the objective of providing a platform for all former students to keep in touch with each other and also to maintain contact with the school.
Notable alumni[edit]
Business[edit]
Lim Kok Thay - Chairman, Genting Group and Star Cruises
Yong Poh Kon - Managing Director, Royal Selangor International Sdn. Bhd.
Law[edit]
Lai Kew Chai - Former Supreme Court of Singapore Judge
Chooi Mun Sou - Lawyer
James Foong Cheng Yuen - Former Federal Court Judge
Wong Kien Keong - Lawyer - Baker & Mckenzie
Public Service[edit]
Cheong Choong Kong - Chairman of the Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Singapore and former CEO of Singapore Airlines
Politics[edit]
Ong Tee Keat - 8th President of the Malaysian Chinese Association, former Transport Minister of Malaysia
Syed Hamid Albar - Former Home Minister of Malaysia
Raja Nong Chik Zainal Abidin - Former Minister of Federal Territories and Urban Well-Being of Malaysia
Ong Pang Boon - Former Minister for Education of Singapore
Media and entertainment[edit]
Awal Ashaari - Actor and TV host
Faizal Hussein - Actor and TV host
Zainal Abidin Rawop - Sportcaster
Miscellaneous[edit]
Gurchan Singh - Resistance fighter during the Japanese occupation of Malaya and widely known as the "Lion of Malaya"
C. C. Too - Former head of Psychological Warfare Section, Malaya
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Popular principal bids farewell after 12 years". The Star. Kuala Lumpur. 4 July 2017.
Jump up ^ MBS Centenary Commemorative Book.
Jump up ^ School Website
Jump up ^ [1], Methodist Boys' Secondary School.
Jump up ^ Rules and Regulations, Methodist Boys' Secondary School.
Jump up ^ Peraturan Sekolah Untuk Murid, SMKL Methodist, 2010. (in Malay)
Jump up ^ [2] Uniform bodies in MBSSKL
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 2012-10-14. About 10th KL Air Scouts. Retrieved September 2009
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2009. About 1st KL. Retrieved September 2009
Jump up ^ MBS Alumni. "MBS Alumni". Retrieved 13 April 2014.
Jump up ^ M, Bavani (25 July 2006). "Old boys stay true to school". The Star. Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
External links[edit]
Methodist Boys' School Kuala Lumpur Alumni Association
Unofficial Old Students eGroup on Google
Companion Blog of Unofficial eGroup
[hide]
v
t
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Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan (SKK) in Malaysia
This list is incomplete. Only SKK-related schools should be listed.
Kuala Lumpur
Methodist Boys' School
St. John's Institution
Technical Institute Kuala Lumpur
Victoria Institution
SMK Putrajaya Presint 8 (1)
Johor
English College Johore Bahru
Kedah
Keat Hwa Secondary School
Sin Min Secondary School
SMS Sultan Mohamad Jiwa
SMT Alor Setar
SMK Ibrahim
SMK Sultan Badlishah
Kelantan
SMS Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra
Malacca
Malacca High School
SMS Muzaffar Syah
Negeri Sembilan
King George V School
Sekolah Dato' Abdul Razak
Pahang
Sultan Abu Bakar School
Penang
Penang Free School
St. George's Girl School
Jit Sin High School
Chung Ling High School Penang
Perak
Malay College Kuala Kangsar
SMJK Sam Tet
Sabah
Kota Kinabalu High School
Sabah Tshung Tsin Secondary School
SMS Sabah
Selangor
Catholic High School PJ
SMK Damansara Utama
SMK (P) Sri Aman
SMK Subang Utama
SMS Hulu Selangor
SMK Damansara Jaya
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Article Four of the United States Constitution
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Portion of the US Constitution regarding states
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Article Four of the United States Constitution
This article is part of a series on the
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Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government.
Contents
1 Section 1: Full faith and credit
2 Section 2: Rights of state citizens; rights of extradition
2.1 Clause 1: Privileges and Immunities
2.2 Clause 2: Extradition of fugitives
2.3 Clause 3: Fugitive Slave Clause
3 Section 3: New states and federal property
3.1 Clause 1: New states
3.2 Clause 2: Property Clause
4 Section 4: Obligations of the United States
4.1 Clause 1: Republican government
4.2 Clause 2: Protection from invasion and domestic violence
5 See also
6 Notes and references
7 Further reading
8 External links
Section 1: Full faith and credit[edit]
Main article: Full Faith and Credit Clause
Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
The first section requires states to extend "full faith and credit" to the public acts, records and court proceedings of other states. Congress may regulate the manner in which proof of such acts, records or proceedings may be admitted.
In Mills v. Duryee, 1t1 U.S. (7 Cranch) 481 (1813), the United States Supreme Court ruled that the merits of a case, as settled by courts of one state, must be recognized by the courts of other states; state courts may not reopen cases which have been conclusively decided by the courts of another state. Later, Chief Justice John Marshall suggested that the judgment of one state court must be recognized by other states' courts as final. However, in McElmoyle v. Cohen, 38 U.S. (13 Pet.) 312 (1839), the court heard a case where one party obtained a judgment in South Carolina and sought to enforce it in Georgia, which had a statute of limitations that barred actions on judgments after a certain amount of time had passed since the judgment was entered. The court upheld Georgia's refusal to enforce the South Carolina judgment. The court found that out-of-state judgments are subject to the procedural law of the states where they are enforced, notwithstanding any priority accorded in the states in which they are issued.
Section 2: Rights of state citizens; rights of extradition[edit]
Clause 1: Privileges and Immunities[edit]
Main article: Privileges and Immunities Clause
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
Clause One of Section 2 requires interstate protection of "privileges and immunities". The seeming ambiguity of the clause has given rise to a number of different interpretations. Some contend that the clause requires Congress to treat all citizens equally. Others suggest that citizens of states carry the rights accorded by their home states while traveling in other states.
Neither of these theories has been endorsed by the Supreme Court, which has held that the clause means that a state may not discriminate against citizens of other states in favor of its own citizens. In Corfield v. Coryell, 6 F. Cas. 546 (C.C.E.D. Pa. 1823), the federal circuit court held that privileges and immunities in respect of which discrimination is barred include
protection by the Government; the enjoyment of life and liberty ... the right of a citizen of one State to pass through, or to reside in any other State, for purposes of trade, agriculture, professional pursuits, or otherwise; to claim the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus; to institute and maintain actions of any kind in the courts of the State; to take, hold and dispose of property, either real or personal; and an exemption from higher taxes or impositions than are paid by the other citizens of the State.
Most other benefits were held not to be protected privileges and immunities. In Corfield the circuit court sustained a New Jersey law giving state residents the exclusive right to gather clams and oysters.
Clause 2: Extradition of fugitives[edit]
Main article: Extradition Clause
A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
Clause Two requires that fugitives from justice may be extradited on the demand of executive authority of the state from which they flee. The Supreme Court has held that it is not compulsory for the fugitive to have fled after an indictment was issued, but only that the fugitive fled after having committed the crime. The Constitution provides for the extradition of fugitives who have committed "treason, felony or other crime." That phrase incorporates all acts prohibited by the laws of a state, including misdemeanors and small, or petty, offenses.
In Kentucky v. Dennison,[1] the Supreme Court held that the federal courts may not compel state governors to surrender fugitives through the issue of writs of mandamus. The Dennison decision was overruled by Puerto Rico v. Branstad; now, the federal courts may require the extradition of fugitives.[2] Alleged fugitives generally may not challenge extradition proceedings.
The motives of the governor demanding the extradition may not be questioned. The accused cannot defend himself against the charges in the extraditing state; the fugitive must do so in the state receiving him. However, the accused may prevent extradition by offering clear evidence that he was not in the state he allegedly fled from at the time of the crime.[3] There is no constitutional requirement that extradited fugitives be tried only for the crimes named in the extradition proceedings.
Fugitives brought to states by means other than extradition may be tried, even though the means of the conveyance was unlawful; the Supreme Court so ruled in Mahon v. Justice, 127 U.S. 700 (1888). In Mahon a body of armed men from Kentucky forcibly took, without a warrant, a man in West Virginia to bring him back to Kentucky for formal arrest and trial.
Clause 3: Fugitive Slave Clause[edit]
Main article: Fugitive Slave Clause
No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
Pierce Butler and Charles Pinckney, both from South Carolina, submitted this clause to the Constitutional Convention. James Wilson of Pennsylvania objected, stating it would require that state governments enforce slavery at taxpayers' expense. Butler withdrew the clause. However, on the next day the clause was quietly reinstated and adopted by the Convention without objection. This clause was added to the clause that provided extradition for fugitives from justice.[4]
When first adopted, this clause applied to fugitive slaves and required that they be extradited upon the claims of their masters, but it provided no means for doing so. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 created the mechanism for recovering a fugitive slave, overruled any state laws giving sanctuary, made it a federal crime to assist an escaped slave, and allowed slave-catchers into every U.S. state and territory. As free states sought to undermine the federal law, the even more severe Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was enacted.
In 1864, during the Civil War, an effort to repeal this clause of the Constitution failed.[5] This clause was rendered mostly moot when the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
Section 3: New states and federal property[edit]
Clause 1: New states[edit]
Main article: Admission to the Union
See also: List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
The First Clause of Section Three, also known as the Admissions Clause,[6] grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. It also forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of the affected states and Congress. This latter provision was designed to give Eastern states that still had claims to Western lands (e.g., Virginia and North Carolina) to have a veto over whether their western counties (which eventually became Kentucky and Tennessee) could become states.[7] It would later be applied with regard to the formation of Maine (from Massachusetts) and West Virginia (from Virginia).[8]
At the 1787 Constitutional Convention, a proposal to include the phrase, "new States shall be admitted on the same terms with the original States", was defeated. It was feared that the political power of future new western states would eventually overwhelm that of the established eastern states. Once the new Constitution went into effect, however, Congress admitted Vermont and Kentucky on equal terms and thereafter formalized the condition in its acts of admission for subsequent states, declaring that the new state enters "on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever." Thus the Congress, utilizing the discretion allowed by the framers, adopted a policy of equal status for all newly admitted states.[7] With the growth of states' rights advocacy during the antebellum period, the Supreme Court asserted, in Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan (1845),[9] that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality.[10]
Congressional restrictions on the equality of states, even when those limitations have been found in the acts of admission, have been held void by the Supreme Court. For instance the Supreme Court struck down a provision which limited the jurisdiction of the state of Alabama over navigable waters within the state. The Court held,
Alabama is, therefore, entitled to the sovereignty and jurisdiction over all the territory within her limits ... to maintain any other doctrine, is to deny that Alabama has been admitted into the union on an equal footing with the original states ... to Alabama belong the navigable waters and soils under them.
The doctrine, however, can also be applied to the detriment of states, as occurred with Texas. Before admission to the Union, Texas, as an independent nation, controlled water within three miles of the coast, the normal limit for nations. Under the equal footing doctrine, however, Texas was found not to have control over the three-mile belt after admission into the Union, because the original states did not at the time of joining the union control such waters. Instead, by entering the Union, Texas was found to have surrendered control over the water and the soil under it to Congress. Under the Submerged Lands Act of 1953, Congress returned maritime territory to some states, but not to others; the Act was sustained by the Supreme Court.
The constitution is silent on the question of whether or not a state may unilaterally leave, or secede from, the Union. However, the Supreme Court, in Texas v. White (1869), held that a state cannot unilaterally do so.[11]
When, therefore, Texas became one of the United States, she entered into an indissoluble relation. All the obligations of perpetual union, and all the guaranties of republican government in the Union, attached at once to the State. The act which consummated her admission into the Union was something more than a compact; it was the incorporation of a new member into the political body. And it was final. The union between Texas and the other States was as complete, as perpetual, and as indissoluble as the union between the original States. There was no place for reconsideration, or revocation, except through revolution, or through consent of the States.[12]
Clause 2: Property Clause[edit]
The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.[13]
This clause, commonly known as the Property or Territorial Clause, grants Congress the constitutional authority for the management and control of all territories or other property owned by United States. Additionally, the clause also proclaims that nothing contained within the Constitution may be interpreted to harm (prejudice) any claim of the United States, or of any particular State. The exact scope of this clause has long been a matter of debate.
The federal government owns about twenty-eight percent of the land in the United States.[14] These holdings include national parks, national forests, recreation areas, wildlife refuges, vast tracts of range and public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, reservations held in trust for Native American tribes, military bases, and ordinary federal buildings and installations. Although federal property can be found in every state, the largest concentrations are in the west, where, for example, the federal government owns over eighty percent of the land within Nevada.[15]
Pursuant to a parallel clause in Article One, Section Eight, the Supreme Court has held that states may not tax such federal property. In another case, Kleppe v. New Mexico, the Court ruled that the federal Wild Horse and Burro Act was a constitutional exercise of congressional power under the Property Clause – at least insofar as it was applied to a finding of trespass. The case prohibited the entering upon the public lands of the United States and removing wild burros under the New Mexico Estray Law.[16]
A major issue early in the 20th century was whether the whole Constitution applied to the territories called insular areas by Congress. In a series of opinions by the Supreme Court of the United States, referred to as the Insular Cases, the Court ruled that territories belonged to, but were not part of the United States. Therefore, under the Territorial clause Congress had the power to determine which parts of the Constitution applied to the territories. These rulings have helped shape public opinion among Puerto Ricans during the ongoing debate over the commonwealth's political status.
Section 4: Obligations of the United States[edit]
Clause 1: Republican government[edit]
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, [...]
This clause, sometimes referred to as the Guarantee Clause, has long been at the forefront of the debate about the rights of citizens vis-à-vis the government. The Guarantee Clause mandates that all U.S. states must be grounded in republican principles such as the consent of the governed.[17] By ensuring that all states must have the same basic republican philosophy, the Guarantee Clause is one of several portions of the Constitution which mandates symmetric federalism between the states.
The Constitution does not explain what exactly constitutes a republican form of government. There are, however, several places within it where the principles behind the concept are articulated. Article Seven, the last and shortest of the Constitution's original articles, stipulated that the Constitution, before it could become established as the "Law of the Land", must obtain the consent of the people by being ratified by popular conventions within the several states. Additionally, as it required the ratification of only nine states in order to become established, rather than the unanimous consent required by the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution was more republican, as it protected the majority from effectively being ruled or held captive by the minority.[18]
The Federalist Papers also give us some insight as to the intent of the Founders. A republican form of government is distinguished from a direct democracy, which the Founding Fathers had no intentions of entering. As James Madison wrote in Federalist No. 10, "Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths."
A political crisis in 1840s Rhode Island, the Dorr Rebellion, forced the Supreme Court to rule on the meaning of this clause. At the time, the Rhode Island constitution was the old royal charter established in the 17th century. By the 1840s, only 40% of the state's free white males were enfranchised. An attempt to hold a popular convention to write a new constitution was declared insurrection by the charter government, and the convention leaders were arrested. One of them brought suit in federal court, arguing that Rhode Island's government was not "republican" in character, and that his arrest (along with all of the government's other acts) was invalid. In Luther v. Borden,[19] the Court held that the determination of whether a state government is a legitimate republican form as guaranteed by the Constitution is a political question to be resolved by the Congress. In effect, the court held the clause to be non-justiciable.
The Luther v. Borden ruling left the responsibility to establish guidelines for the republican nature of state governments in the hands of the Congress. This power became an important part of Reconstruction after the American Civil War. The Radical Republican majority used this clause as the basis for taking control of the ex-Confederate states and for promoting civil rights for freedmen, plus the limiting of political and voting rights for ex-Confederates, abolishing the ex-Confederate state governments, setting guidelines for the readmission of the rebellious states into the Union.
While the Supreme Court's holding in Luther v. Borden still holds today, the Court, by looking to the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (adopted 19 years after Luther v. Borden was decided), has developed new criteria for determining which questions are political in nature and which are justiciable.
Clause 2: Protection from invasion and domestic violence[edit]
[...] and [the United States] shall protect each of them [the States] against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
Section Four requires the United States to protect each state from invasion, and, upon the application of the state legislature (or executive, if the legislature cannot be convened), from domestic violence. This provision was invoked by Woodrow Wilson during the 1914 Colorado coal strike.[20]
See also[edit]
Devolution
List of states and territories of the United States
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Kentucky v. Dennison, 65 U.S. 66 (1860)
Jump up ^ Puerto Rico v. Branstad, 483 U.S. 219 (1987) ("Kentucky v. Dennison is the product of another time. The conception of the relation between the States and the Federal Government there announced is fundamentally incompatible with more than a century of constitutional development.")
Jump up ^ Hyatt v. People ex rel. Corkran, 188 U.S. 691 (1903) ("We are of opinion that, as the relator showed…he was not within the state of Tennessee at the times stated in the indictments found in the Tennessee court, nor at any time when the acts were, if ever, committed, he was not a fugitive from justice within the meaning of the Federal statute upon that subject…")
Jump up ^ Paul Finkelman, Slavery and the founders: race and liberty in the age of Jefferson, pg 82, 2nd Edition, 2001.
Jump up ^ The vote in the House was 69 for repeal and 38 against, which was short of the two-to-one vote required to amend the Constitution. See the Congressional Globe, 38th Cong., 1st Sess., 1325 (1864)
Jump up ^ Biber, Eric; Colby, Thomas B. "Common Interpretation: The Admissions Clause". National Constitution Center. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Forte, David F. "Essays on Article IV: New States Clause". The Heritage Guide to the Constitution. The Heritage Foundation.
Jump up ^ Michael P. Riccards, "Lincoln and the Political Question: The Creation of the State of West Virginia" Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 27, 1997 online edition
Jump up ^ Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan, 44 U.S. (3 How.) 212 (1845).
Jump up ^ "Doctrine of the Equality of States". Justia.com.
Jump up ^ Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1868).
Jump up ^ Texas v. White, 74 U.S. at 726.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2010. Retrieved 2014-01-07. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ Vincent, Carol Hardy; et al. "Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 10 April 2017. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Merrill, Thomas W. "Essays on Article IV:Property Clause". The Heritage Guide to the Constitution. The Heritage Foundation.
Jump up ^ Kleppe v. New Mexico, 426 U.S. 529 (1976).
Jump up ^ Ernest B. Abbott; Otto J. Hetzel (2010). Homeland Security and Emergency Management: A Legal Guide for State and Local Governments. American Bar Association. p. 52.
Jump up ^ Kesler, Charles R. "Essays on Article VII: Ratification Clause". The Heritage Guide to the Constitution. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. 1 (1849).
Jump up ^ Wilson, Woodrow (1979). Link, Arthur, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson. 29. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 525–528. ISBN 9780691046594.
Further reading[edit]
Adam H. Kurland, The Guarantee Clause as a Basis for Federal Prosecutions of State and Local Officials, 62 S. Cal. L. Rev. 369 (1989)
External links[edit]
Kilman, Johnny and George Costello (Eds). (2000). The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation.
CRS Annotated Constitution: Article 4
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