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Name change
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For name changes of places rather than persons, see Geographical renaming.
Name change certificate issued by Christian X of Denmark in 1917
Name change generally refers to the legal act by a person of adopting a new name different from their name at birth, marriage or adoption.
The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions. In general, common law jurisdictions have loose procedures for a name change while civil law jurisdictions are more restrictive.
A pseudonym is a name that differs from the original or true name and does not require legal sanction. It is generally adopted to conceal a person's identity, but can also be done for personal, social or ideological reasons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Reasons for changing one's name
2 United States
2.1 Informal methods of legal name change
2.1.1 Assumed name
2.1.2 Usage method
2.1.3 Preferred name
2.2 Official registration
3 United Kingdom
3.1 England and Wales
3.1.1 Historical usage
3.2 Scotland
4 Other common law countries
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 Hong Kong
4.4 Ireland
4.5 New Zealand
5 Civil law
5.1 Quebec
5.2 Switzerland
5.3 Belgium
5.4 Brazil
5.5 Norway
5.6 Taiwan
5.7 Philippines
5.7.1 Name and gender change
5.8 India
5.9 South Africa
6 Name change on religious conversion
6.1 Hinduism
6.2 Christianity
6.3 Judaism
6.4 Islam
6.5 Buddhism
6.6 Sikhism
6.7 Wicca
7 See also
8 References
Reasons for changing one's name[edit]
marriage or civil partnership
to better fit one's gender identity as a transgender individual (e.g., old name Bruce Jenner, new name Caitlyn Jenner)
to avoid a stalker or harassing person
to choose a surname associated with a hobby, interest, or accomplishment (e.g., old name Henry Schifberg, new name Henry Lizardlover)
to receive an inheritance conditional on adopting the name of the deceased (this reason was once quite common in landowning families in the UK)
to replace a frivolous name given by their parents (e.g., old name Mikey Maus, new name Marcus Maus)
to replace a name which might be considered undesirable with a more desirable one (e.g. old last name Lipschitz, new last name London)
to dissociate oneself from a former religion (e.g., Ahmed Abdullah to Adel Karim)
to dissociate themselves from a famous or infamous person (e.g., old name Michael Jackson new name Martin Jackson)
to identify with a famous or infamous person (e.g., old name Simon Johnson, new name Simon Pendragon)
to dissociate themselves from a family black sheep (e.g., relatives of Adolf Hitler)
to dissociate themselves from an ethnic origin (e.g. changing Battenberg to Mountbatten or Jan Ludvik Hoch to Robert Maxwell)
to revert to a former name (e.g., Cynthia Lennon, first wife of John Lennon, after her divorce from later husband John Twist)
commercial sponsorship (e.g., Jimmy White temporarily became Jimmy Brown for HP brown sauce,[1] and Ashley Revell became Ashley blue square Revell for The Rank Group's Blue Square service)
protest or activism (e.g., old name Jennifer Taylor, new name Jennifer Save the Forests)
to change to a fictional character's name, (e.g. old name Tracy Darling, new name Tracy Beaker)
to make their name more attractive or "catchy" so as to increase their chance of success (see Stage name)
to change legal name to one used in everyday life, (e.g. where middle name has been used throughout life)
United States[edit]
In the United States, state laws regulate name changes. Several federal court rulings have set precedents regarding both court decreed name changes and common law name changes (changing the name at will), including Lindon v. First National Bank.
Usually a person can adopt any name desired for any reason. As of 2009, 46 states allow a person legally to change names by usage alone, with no paperwork, but a court order may be required for many institutions (such as banks or government institutions) to officially accept the change.[2] Although the states (except Louisiana) follow common law, there are differences in acceptable requirements; usually a court order is the most efficient way to change names (which would be applied for in a state court), except at marriage, which has become a universally accepted reason for a name change. It is necessary to plead that the name change is not for a fraudulent or other illegal purpose, such as evading a lien or debt or for defaming someone else.
Applicants may be required to give a reasonable explanation for wanting to change their names. A fee is generally payable, and the applicant may be required to post legal notices in newspapers to announce the name change. Generally the judge has limited judicial discretion to grant or deny a change of name, usually only if the name change is for fraudulent, frivolous or immoral purposes.[3] In 2004, a Missouri man succeeded in changing his name to They.[4] The Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that a name change to 1069 could be denied, but that Ten Sixty-Nine was acceptable (Application of Dengler, 1979); the North Dakota Supreme Court had denied the same request several years before (Petition of Dengler, 1976).[5]
In nearly all states, a person cannot choose a name that is intended to mislead (such as adopting a celebrity's name), that is intentionally confusing, or that incites violence; nor can one adopt, as a name, a racial slur, a threat, or an obscenity.
Some examples of typically allowed reasons for name changes in the U.S. include:
Adopting a new surname upon marriage (typically the surname of the spouse, a hyphenated surname, or some combination of parts of both surnames).
Returning to the use of a prior surname (e.g., a maiden name) upon divorce.
Simplification or improved familiarity of spelling or pronunciation.
Under the federal immigration-and-nationality law, when aliens apply for naturalization, they have the option of asking for their names to be changed upon the grants of citizenship with no additional fees. This allows them the opportunity to adopt more Americanized names.[6] During the naturalization interview, a petition for a name change is prepared to be forwarded to a federal court. Applicants certify that they are not seeking a change of name for any unlawful purpose such as the avoidance of debt or evasion of law enforcement. Such a name change would become final if within their jurisdiction, once a federal court naturalizes an applicant.
To maintain a person's identity, it is desirable to obtain a formal order so there is continuity of personal records.
Informal methods of legal name change[edit]
Assumed name[edit]
The "open and notorious" use of a name is often sufficient to allow one to use an assumed name. In some jurisdictions, a trade name distinct from one's legal name can be registered with a county clerk, secretary of state, or other similar government authority. Persons who wish to publish materials and notted with them may publish under pseudonyms; such a right is protected under case law pursuant to United States Constitution.
Usage method[edit]
A common law name (i.e. one assumed for a non-fraudulent purpose) is a legal name.[7] In most states a statutory method, while quick and definitive, only supplements the common law method,[8] unless the statute makes itself exclusive. Although a person may sue under a common law name.[9]
In California the "usage method" (changing the name at will under common law) is sufficient to change the name. Not all jurisdictions require that the new name be used exclusively.[10] Any fraudulent use or intent, such as changing the name to the same name as another person's name, may invalidate this type of name change.
Specifically in California, Code of Civil Procedure § 1279.5 and Family Code § 2082 regulate common law and court decreed name changes. Code of Civil Procedure § 1279.5 (a) reads, "Except as provided in subdivision (b), (c), (d), or (e), nothing in this title shall be construed to abrogate the common law right of any person to change his or her name." Subdivisions b through e preclude one from changing their name by common law if they are in state prison, on probation, on parole, or have been convicted of a serious sex offense. If a person is not in any of these categories, then a common law name change is allowed. (Family Code § 2082 also contains some of the same wording.)
Preferred name[edit]
Many universities, hospitals, and other institutions allow one to use a "preferred name" instead of one's legal name. This name can show up on class rosters, online learning platforms, and student ID cards. It provides a "transitional" name change for those who have yet to, or cannot, receive a court-ordered name change.[11][12]
Official registration[edit]
A legal name change is merely the first step in the name-change process. A person must officially register the new name with the appropriate authorities whether the change was made as a result of a court order, marriage, divorce, adoption, or any of the other methods described above. The process includes notifying various government agencies, each of which may require legal proof of the name change and that may or may not charge a fee. Important government agencies to be notified include the Social Security Administration,[13] Bureau of Consular Affairs[14] (for passports), the Federal Communications Commission,[15] the Selective Service System[16] and the Department of Motor Vehicles (for a new driver's license, learner permit, state identification card, or vehicular registration). Additionally the new name must be registered with other institutions such as employers, banks, doctors, mortgage, insurance and credit card companies. Online services are available to assist in this process either through direct legal assistance or automated form processing.
Although state requirements differ, it is generally recommended to first register a new name with the Social Security office as some state motor-vehicle departments require updated social security cards to make changes; Arizona is one of these states.[17]
Most states require name changes to be registered with their departments of motor vehicles (DMVs) within a certain amount of time. For example, South Carolina,[18] and Wyoming[19] require a name change be registered with their office within ten days. Illinois,[20] Texas[21] and Vermont[22] require it be registered within 30 days, while North Carolina allows up to 60 days.[23] New York requires visiting a local motor vehicle office to change the name on all records and documents, but without a definite deadline to do so.[24] The fees for registering a new name vary from state to state. The forms, along with the state-specific requirements, can generally be obtained for free.
Many states will require reasons for wanting a name change. For example, in Florida, a court will not grant a petition for a change of name if it finds that (i) the petitioner has ulterior or illegal motives in seeking the name change, (ii) the petitioner's civil rights are suspended, or (iii) granting the name change will invade the property rights (e.g., intellectual property rights) of others.[25]
United Kingdom[edit]
In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, citizens and residents have the freedom to change their names with relative ease.
In theory anyone who is at least 16 and resident in the United Kingdom can call themselves whatever they wish. However, over the past hundred years or so, formal procedures that are recognized by record holders such as government departments, companies and organizations have evolved, which enable a citizen legally to change the name recorded on their passport, driving licence, tax and National Insurance records, bank and credit cards, etc., provided that "documentary evidence" of a change of name is provided. Documents such as birth, marriage and educational certificates cannot be changed because these documents are "matters of fact", which means that they were correct at the time they were issued.
Documentary evidence of a change of name can be in a number of forms, such as a marriage certificate, decree absolute, civil partnership certificate, statutory declaration or deed of change of name. Such documents are mere evidence that a change of name has occurred, however, and they do not themselves operate to change a person's name. Deeds of change of name are by far the most commonly used method of providing evidence of a change of name other than changing a woman's surname after marriage. A deed poll is a legal document that binds a single person to a particular course of action (in this case, changing one's name for all purposes). The term 'deed' is common to signed, written agreements that have been shown to all concerned parties. Strictly speaking, it is not a contract because it binds only one party and expresses an intention instead of a promise. 'Poll' is an old legal term referring to official documents that had cut edges (were polled) so that they were straight.[26][27]
England and Wales[edit]
People whose births are registered in England and Wales may have their deed poll enrolled at the Royal Courts of Justice in London.[26] See also College of Arms#Change of names.
Historical usage[edit]
See also: Double-barrelled_name § British_tradition
From the mediaeval age to the 19th century, the era of family dynasties, name changes were frequently demanded of heirs in the last wills and testaments, legacies and bequests, of members of the gentry and nobility who were the last males of their bloodline. Such persons frequently selected a younger nephew or cousin as the heir to their estates on condition that he should adopt the surname and armorials of the legator in lieu of his patronymic. Thus the ancient family otherwise destined to extinction would appear to continue as a great dynasty in the making. Such changes were also more rarely demanded by marriage settlements, for example where the father of a sole daughter and heiress demanded that as a condition of his daughter's dowry her husband should adopt his father-in-law's surname and arms. Thus the progeny of the marriage would continue the otherwise extinct family's name. Such name changes were generally only demanded of younger sons, where an elder brother was available to inherit the paternal estates under primogeniture and carry on the name and arms abandoned by the younger brother. Such name changes were effected by obtaining a private Act of Parliament or by obtaining a Royal Licence.[28] A less radical procedure adopted from the 18th century onwards was for the legator or settlor to demand only that the legatee or beneficiary should adopt his surname in addition to his patronymic, not in place of it, which gave rise to the "double-barrelled", even the "triple-barrelled" name, frequently parodied in literature as epitomising the wealthy "squirearchy" with an embarrassment of inherited estates.
Well known examples are:
Russell to Gorges (14th century). Ralph IV Gorges, 2nd Baron Gorges, died without issue in 1331. In an effort to preserve his family name and arms he made one of his younger nephews his heir, on condition that he should adopt the name and arms of Gorges. This nephew was William Russell, the second son of his second sister Eleanor de Gorges who had married Sir Theobald Russell (d.1341) of Kingston Russell, Dorset. The event is referred to in one of the earliest heraldic law cases brought concerning English armory, Warbelton v. Gorges in 1347.
Smithson to Percy (18th century). Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet (1715-1786) (c.1714-1786) in 1740 married Lady Elizabeth Seymour, daughter and sole heiress of Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, and granddaughter of Lady Elizabeth Percy (d.1722), daughter and sole heiress of Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644-1670). In 1740, by a private Act of Parliament,[29] Smithson changed his surname to Percy and inherited the title Earl of Northumberland and was later created Duke of Northumberland.
Scotland[edit]
People whose births are registered in Scotland (or who were adopted in Scotland) can change their name in the same way as people from the rest of the United Kingdom. However they can optionally apply to the Registrar General for Scotland to have their birth certificate amended to show the new name and have the respective register updated.
Other common law countries[edit]
Australia[edit]
Individuals may legally change their name through the state and territory governments of Australia according to state or territory laws and regulations via agencies generally titled "Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages".[30] Exceptions exist for some states such as restricted persons (e.g. jail inmate)[31] and in some states, changes may only be made once a year.[32]
Institutions such as banks,[33] the Passports Office[34] and transport authorities[35] require proof of identity, so people who change their names need to have proof of the change.
If a person's birth or adoption was registered in Australia, the change will also be noted (in most cases) on the person's birth or adoption registration, and in some states or territories, the name change can be evidenced either through a re-issued birth certificate if born in Australia and/or "Change of Name Certificate". These certificates are recognised secure identity documents and can be verified electronically through the Attorney-general of Australia's Document Verification Service.[36]
[show]
v
t
e
Australian Identity Documents
Federal Government
Passport
Citizenship certificate
Certificate of Identity
Document of Identity
Convention Travel Document
Medicare card
State and Territory Governments
Birth certificate
AusPost Keypass ID
Seniors card
Photo card
Drivers licence
Marriage certificate
Change of name certificate
International
Passport
Indigenous (not recognized)
Aboriginal passport
Non physical/digital
Digital identity in Australia
Tax File Number
Canada[edit]
In Canada a person can informally call themselves whatever they want. In all provinces except Quebec,[37] when someone gets married they can change their last name without legally changing their name by using their Marriage Certificate as verification of the name change.[38] It is almost impossible for married women in Québec to take their husbands' names.[39] Like the United States, the requirements for a formal name change varies from province to province. Except for Ontario, British Columbia and New Brunswick, Canadians must be 18 to change their names and have lived in the province they are changing it in for at least 3 months to a year, depending on province. (In New Brunswick and British Columbia, Canadians must be 19 to change their names, in Ontario 16.) People younger than the province's age of majority can change their names if they have their guardians' consent, are legally married, or have a common law marriage.[40] To change a name, a Name Change application must be submitted to either the Ministry of Government Services, Court of justice or Registrar of civil status. A document such as a birth certificate must be submitted. A statement as to why the name is being changed is needed in most areas and the reason has to be serious. In Canada, a name cannot cause confusion, be used for misrepresentation or fraud and in most cases the name change is announced in newspapers. There is a fee involved and it ranges from $10 to $185 depending on the territory or province.[40] British Columbia and Alberta need fingerprints to be submitted before one changes their name.[41][42]
Hong Kong[edit]
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It is a common practice for ethnic Chinese residents of Hong Kong to adopt a western-style English name in addition to their transliterated Chinese name. As they often adopt western-style English names after being registered on the birth register, the fact that they want to include a western-style English name as part of their legal English name is regarded as a name change which usually requires a deed poll.
However, the Immigration Department which is responsible for processing applications for name change allows applicants to submit such applications without deeds poll; anyone who has a phonetic English name only and wishes to include a western-style English name as part of his or her legal English name can apply to the Immigration Department without a deed poll. Only one application of this kind is allowed for each applicant; any application for subsequent change(s) must be made with a deed poll.
Ireland[edit]
In the Republic of Ireland, a person earns their name by "use and repute". For most purposes it is enough to simply use the desired name and ask others to call you by that name. For some administrative purposes, such as changing a name on a driving licence or legally changing gender, a deed of change of name must be registered with the Four Courts.[43][44]
New Zealand[edit]
From September 1995, New Zealanders can change their name by making a statutory declaration and, if approved, the new name is registered with the Births, Deaths and Marriages section of the Department of Internal Affairs (Identity Services). Prior to September 1995, they changed their name by deed poll.[45]
Civil law[edit]
In general, unlike in common law countries, names cannot be changed at will in civil law jurisdictions. Usually, a name change requires government approval and is only rarely granted, though legal name changes have become more common in some jurisdicions over the last years. The reason given for this system is usually the public interest in the unique identifiability of a person, e.g., in governmental registers, although with the advent of personal identification numbers, that rationale may be in need of reconsideration.[citation needed]
Quebec[edit]
Although as in other jurisdictions residents of Quebec may informally use whatever name they want, procedures for formal name change are very strict as Quebec (unlike the rest of Canada) operates under a civil law system. The decision must be authorized by the Director of Civil Status, and requires a valid reason for changing the name, including long-term use of the new name (in the Montreuil case cited below, the Quebec appeals court has considered five years' use to be a sufficient reason), difficulty of use due to spelling or pronunciation, or bearing a name that another person has made infamous.
Only a judge may authorize a name change for a child for reasons of abandonment, deprivation of parental authority, or change in filiation such as adoption.
This has occasionally led to controversy. A lawyer named Micheline Montreuil, a non-operative transgender woman, had to undergo a lengthy process to have her name legally changed. Initially, the director of civil status refused to permit the change on the grounds that a legal male could not bear a female name. According to Quebec law, Montreuil could not change her record of sex because this requires proof of a completed sex reassignment surgery, which she has not had. On November 1, 1999, the provincial court of appeal ruled that nothing in the law prevented a person who was legally male from legally adopting a woman's name. (Montreuil was initially prevented from changing her name despite this ruling on the grounds that she had not established general use, as normally required for a name change; the Quebec appeals court finally authorized the change on November 7, 2002.)[46]
The Director of Civil Status will amend a Quebec birth certificate if a name change certificate is issued by another province. Some have used that loophole by temporarily moving to one of Canada's other provinces, which follow the more permissive common-law rules, in order to get the legal documents.
Switzerland[edit]
In Switzerland, a name change requires the approval of the respective Cantonal government, if there are important reasons (wichtige Gründe / justes motifs) for the change, according to article 30 of the Swiss Civil Code. When aliens apply for naturalization, they have the option of asking for their names to be changed upon the grants of citizenship with no additional fees.[citation needed] According to the case law of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court, such requests must be granted only if the petitioner shows that they suffer substantially from their present name, e.g., if it is the same as that of a notorious criminal.
Belgium[edit]
In Belgian law, a name is in principle considered fixed for life, but under exceptional circumstances, a person may apply to the Ministry of Justice for a name change. This requires a Royal Decree (French: Arrêté royal, Dutch: Koninklijk besluit) for last names, but only a Ministerial Decree for first names. The new name must not cause confusion or cause damage to the bearer or others. Examples of requests that are usually considered favorably:
A person of non-European origin who wants to adopt a less exotic name to further his/her integration in Belgian society
A person stuck with a ridiculous last name that is causing him/her great embarrassment or emotional distress. Actual examples: Salami, Naaktgeboren ("born naked"), and Clooten ("sods of earth" in Middle Dutch, but "testicles" in modern Dutch)
(for minor children) following legal adoption or recognition of paternity[47]
Brazil[edit]
According to the Brazilian Civil Code and the Public Registries Act, the name registered after birth is definitive and immutable. However, there are some circumstances under which a name change is allowed:
If an obvious writing error is made while registering the name of the child.
In the first year after a person reaches the age of majority (18 years), they can request a change in their first names, but modification of surnames is not allowed.
If a person's name exposes them to ridicule and harms their everyday well-being.
If a person is recognized publicly by another name, they can request a name change or addition, by providing as support three testimonials of the change in name.
If a person has undergone a sex change, recent jurisprudence has allowed name modifications in most such cases.
Norway[edit]
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Although it has always been relatively easy to change one's legal names in Norway, it used to require some kind of government approval. As late as 1830 local vicars was instructed to write both given (Christian) names as well as last names in the baptismal record. Earlier, only the given name of the child, birth date, baptismal date and sex was written down, together with the parents' names. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century however that the authorities demanded everybody adopt a family name (surname). Until about 1980, the government still required that a name change applicant apply to the government regional representative (fylkesmann). The law has been replaced twice since then. Nowadays, the process is as easy as in common-law countries; the subject merely submits the names wanted (providing that the surname chosen is not in use or is not used by fewer than 200 persons) to the local authorities for the purposes of election rosters and census counts; there is no application process anymore.
Taiwan[edit]
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Annotated Republic of China Laws/Name Act
In Taiwan, the government strictly regulates when one's surname, given name or both may or may not be changed, under the Name Act (姓名條例) since 1953 with 10 articles, totally amended into 14 articles in 2001, and the Enforcement Regulations of the Name Act (姓名條例施行細則).
Legally permitted reasons to change one's given name are:[48]
Having the same name when serving in an institution or studying in the same school.
Since 1983, having the same name as one's parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent.[49]
Having the same name as someone else who lives in the same county or city and having lived there for at least 6 months.
Having the same name as a wanted criminal, for example 陳進興 (Chén Jìnxīng), a common name used by not only a convicted kidnapper and murderer who was executed in Taiwan for major crimes in 1997 (zh:陳進興 (台灣罪犯)) but also a Taiwanese statesman (zh:陳進興 (台灣政治人物)).
Having special reasons,[50] which is limited to twice in one's lifetime, while the second given name change of this type may not be done before reaching adulthood.[51]
Philippines[edit]
2001 RA 9048 amends Articles 376 and 412 of the Civil Code of the Philippines, which prohibit the change of name or surname of a person, or any correction or change of entry in a civil register without a judicial order. Administrative Order No. 1 Series of 2001, implemented the law.[52] It authorizes the city or municipal civil registrar or the consul general to correct a clerical or typographical error in an entry or change the first name or nickname in the civil register without need of a judicial order.[53][54]
Name and gender change[edit]
In case of controversial and substantial changes, Philippines jurisprudence requires full-blown court lawsuit, that must include the local civil registrar in the petition, since RA 9048 and Rule 108 (Cancellation or correction of entries in the Civil Registry) of the Rules of Court do not allow the change of sex in a birth certificate.[55]
The only landmark case in the Philippines on name and legal sex change is the Jeff Cagandahan case. The Supreme Court of the Philippines Justice Leonardo Quisumbing on September 12, 2008, allowed Cagandahan, 27, who has congenital adrenal hyperplasia, to change his birth certificate name from Jennifer to Jeff, and his legal gender from female to male.[56][57][58]
India[edit]
In India, the person concerned submits a name change request to an appropriate authority, with supporting documents. Subsequently an application must be made to the Government Printing Press, which issues an Official Gazette Notification certifying the change of name.[59]
South Africa[edit]
South Africa, which uses a mixture of common law and civil Roman Dutch law, mostly uses common-law procedures with regard to name change. Name changes in South Africa are regulated by the Births and Deaths Registration Act (Act 51 of 1992, as amended). The personal information of all citizens and permanent residents is recorded on the Population Register, so any name changes must be registered.
A person can change their forenames by submitting a form to the Department of Home Affairs. An individual's surname, or that of a family, may be changed by applying to the Department and providing a "good and sufficient reason" for the change.
A married woman can change her surname to that of her husband or join her maiden name with her husband's surname, and a divorced woman may return to her previous surname, without applying or paying a fee; but she must notify the department so that the details in the Population Register can be changed. (It is possible that, if challenged, these provisions might be held to be unconstitutional because they apply only to women.)
South Africa has officially recognized same sex marriages since 2006 and in doing so now allows one or both partners to change their surnames in the marriage register on the day of the marriage. A new passport and ID book can then be applied for with the new married surname as well.
The surnames of minor children can also be changed under various circumstances involving the marriage, divorce or death of a parent, children born out of wedlock, and guardianship.[60]
Name change on religious conversion[edit]
Further information: Religious name
Adherents of various religions change their name upon conversion or confirmation. The name adopted may not have any legal status but will represent their adopted religious beliefs.[61]
Hinduism[edit]
There is no formal concept of conversion in Hinduism but converts to Hinduism are easily and readily accepted usually after a small Shudhikaran (purification) ceremony, people are accepted even without any formal ceremony or Shudhikaran. Individuals who attend a Shudhikaran ceremony to officially become Hindu may be optionally given a new Dharma (religious) name, which is usually based on Sanskrit or Indian name such as names based on Hindu deities, it is common to have names from the Hindu mythology.
Christianity[edit]
It has been historical Christian practice to adopt a name on baptism or (in some countries) confirmation.[62]
The customary practice whereby persons entering a religious institute take on a name in religion is still observed by Eastern Orthodox and some traditional Roman Catholics. Eastern Orthodox monastics are usually given the name of a prophet or a monastic saint.
Popes take a papal name upon their accession to office; for example, Jorge M. Bergoglio adopted the name Francis.
Judaism[edit]
Jewish people in the Diaspora sometimes give their children two names: a secular name for everyday use and a Hebrew name for religious purposes. Converts to Judaism choose a Hebrew name.[63] Full Jewish names include a patronym: converts take the patronym "ben/bat Avraham Avinu" (son/daughter of Our Father Abraham) as converts are held to be spiritual descendants of Abraham, the forebear of Jews.
Islam[edit]
Converts to Islamic faith may choose a new name; although it is not required, it may in some cases be preferable for personal reasons or because the name is of uncertain Islamicity (e.g. the person converting has a theophoric name in another religion, such as Christopher or Ganesh). Boxer Cassius Clay's adoption of the name Muhammad Ali is a well-known example, as is Cat Stevens' change to Yusuf Islam and Malcolm Little's adoption of the name Malcolm X and later El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. On the other hand, converts may choose to keep their names, as did Dave Chappelle.
Women do not normally take their husbands' surnames as their own. Their maiden name continues to be their surname even after marriage. Sometimes their husbands first name becomes their surname, similar to the case of surname chains indicating someone's chain of fathers.
In Islamic tradition, there are two kinds of surname.
The first kind comes from the father's first name, which means that the particular person is the child of. For example, a name such as ibn Abdullah means "son of Abdullah", or bint Abdullah means "daughter of Abdullah". Father descendant names can be chained, meaning that an individual can have the name of their father, followed by their paternal grandfather, followed by the father of that grandfather, to indicate a patrilineal lineage.
The second kind is associated with clan, tribal or ethnic affiliation and is also solely dependant on the person's patrilineal line. In Islamic family law, the individual is required to keep the clan, tribal or ethnic affiliation of their father where it is known, whether the child be illegitimate, staying with their mother after divorce or adopted.
The last name cannot be changed in such a way as to reflect a heritage that is not that of one's biological father.
Buddhism[edit]
Individuals who attend a ceremony to officially become Buddhists are usually given a new "Dharma name", which marks their "taking refuge".
Sikhism[edit]
Those in the Sikh faith adopt a new last name upon baptism into the Khalsa. Men adopt the last name Singh, while women adopt the last name Kaur.
The Sikhs adopted the name Singh in 1699 during the Birth of the Khalsa.
Wicca[edit]
Some wiccans have a Craft name that is used during coven gatherings and rituals.
See also[edit]
Family name, including patrilineal surnames
Given name
Hornsleth Village Project
In re McUlta
Legal aspects of transsexualism for information about name change for transgender and transsexual people
Diane Marie Rodriguez Zambrano, an activist who sued to enable legal name change in Ecuador for purposes of gender identity
Legal name
Married and maiden names
Matriname
Nickname
Pseudonym
Pen name
Stage name
Regnal name
Religious conversion
Witness protection
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Gets Saucy with Name Change", no by-line, BBC News (online edition), "Sport: Fun and Games" section, 8 February 2005; accessed 14 March 2007
Jump up ^ Julia Shear Kushner, "The Right to Control One's Name", UCLA Law Review 313 (2009), 324–9. The states which require a statutory name-change procedure are Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, and Oklahoma.
Jump up ^ Edward J. Bander, Change of Name and Law of Names (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1973) Ch. 2–3.
Jump up ^ "USATODAY.com - Missouri man legally changes his name to 'They'". usatoday.com.
Jump up ^ "Petition of Dengler, 246 N.W.2d 758 (N.D. 1976)". state.nd.us.
Jump up ^ "N-400 Application for Naturalization," (US Citizenship and Immigration Services, 2011).
Jump up ^ See, e.g., State v. Ford, 172 P. 802; Bonnie Lee Daniels, 337 A.2d 49; Elizabeth Marie Hauptly 312 N.E.2d 857; Piotrowski v. Piotrowski, 247 N.W.2d 354; Thomas v. Thomas, 427 N.E.2d 1009; Klein v. Klein, 373 A.2d 86; Stuart v. Board of Elections, 295 A.2d 223.
Jump up ^ In Matter of Linda A., 480 N.Y.S.2d 996.
Jump up ^ Hoffman v. Bank of America, (M.D. Florida 2006).
Jump up ^ For example, Kreuter v US, 201 F2d 33 (true name need not be abandoned), FL Statute 322.22 (driver's licenses in two names), Loser v. Plainfield, 128 N.W. 1101 (Iowa), Ludwinska v John Hancock, 317 Pa 577 (may be used for just one nonfraudulent transaction).
Jump up ^ "Preferred Name | Office of the University Registrar". registrar.ucdavis.edu.
Jump up ^ "What is a preferred first name or preferred last name? — University of Leicester". www2.le.ac.uk.
Jump up ^ "How do I change or correct my name on my Social Security number card?". ssa.gov.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Passports & International Travel". state.gov.
Jump up ^ FCC Internet Services Staff. "FCC Form 605". fcc.gov.
Jump up ^ "Selective Service System: Registrant Obligations". www.sss.gov.
Jump up ^ "Motor Vehicle Services". azdot.gov.
Jump up ^ http://www.scdmvonline.com/DMVNew/default.aspx?n=general_driver_license_information#NameorAddressChanges
Jump up ^ [1] Archived September 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived April 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Change Address or Name on Your License - Department of Motor Vehicles". dmv.vermont.gov.
Jump up ^ "NCDOT: License and ID". North Carolina Department of Transportation.
Jump up ^ "New York State DMV". New York State DMV.
Jump up ^ see, e.g., www.abcfamilylaw.com
^ Jump up to: a b Enrolling a Name Change in the Royal Courts of Justice. (March 2008). Her Majesty's Courts Service. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ Judgement and Orders Section.(March 26, 2008). Her Majesty's Courts Service. § Deed Polls. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Researching a past change of name - D•P•O". Deed Poll Office.
Jump up ^ "Hugh Earl of Northumberland's name and arms. - D•P•O". Deed Poll Office.
Jump up ^ Agency, Digital Transformation. "Births, deaths and marriages registries - australia.gov.au". www.australia.gov.au.
Jump up ^ http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/Pages/change-of-name/change-of-name.aspx
Jump up ^ Branch, ; c=AU; o=The State of Queensland; ou=Communication Services. "Changing your name - Your rights, crime and the law". www.qld.gov.au.
Jump up ^ http://www.austrac.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/cip_form_ind_mar08.pdf
Jump up ^ Office, Australian Passports. "Documents that confirm your Australian citizenship and identity". www.passports.gov.au.
Jump up ^ nw. "Change my name". www.transport.wa.gov.au.
Jump up ^ Department, Attorney-General’s. "Document Verification Service". www.ag.gov.au.
Jump up ^ http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/maria-a.htm#names
Jump up ^ Government of Alberta. "Government of Alberta - Programs and Services - Getting Married". alberta.ca.
Jump up ^ "Quebec newlywed furious she can't take her husband's name". Canada.com.
^ Jump up to: a b [4] Archived February 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [5] Archived October 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "How do I change my name?" (PDF). Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Changing your name by deed poll". www.citizensinformation.ie.
Jump up ^ "Changing to your preferred gender". www.citizensinformation.ie.
Jump up ^ Evidence of Identity Standard NZ Department of Internal Affairs, June 2006, Version 1.0, ISBN 0-478-24462-2, page 123
Jump up ^ "Micheline Anne Hélène Montreuil and his fights". micheline.ca. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ [6] Archived May 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Article 6 of the Name Act (1953) (姓名條例 (民國42年)), amended into Article 7 of the Name Act (2001) (姓名條例 (民國90年)).
Jump up ^ Clause 2 of Article 6 of the Name Act (1983) (姓名條例 (民國72年)), amended into Clause 2 of Section 1 of Article 7 of the Name Act (2001).
Jump up ^ Clause 6 of Section 1 of Article 7 of the Name Act (2001) effective 15 October 2001.
Jump up ^ Section 2 of Article 7 of the Name Act (2001) effective 15 October 2001.
Jump up ^ [7] Archived June 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Civil Registration - Primer for RA 9048". census.gov.ph. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "PHILIPPINE LAWS, STATUTES AND CODES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY". chanrobles.com.
Jump up ^ "SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS". chanrobles.com.
Jump up ^ "Call him Jeff, says SC; he used to be called Jennifer". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Woman's body 'naturally' became male". News.com.au. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Rare Condition Turns Woman Into Man". Fox News.
Jump up ^ http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/uploads/Change%20of%20Name%20and%20Surname%20Act.pdf
Jump up ^ Personal Amendments. (c. 1997). South African Department of Home Affairs. Retrieved May 19, 2010
Jump up ^ Celia Emmelhainz, Naming a New Self: Identity Elasticity and Self-Definition in Voluntary Name Changes. (c. 2012). Names, Vol. 60, Iss. 3. Retrieved April 4, 2016
Jump up ^ [8] Archived April 28, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Ariela Pelaia. "Choosing a Hebrew Name - Naming a Jewish Baby". About.com Religion & Spirituality.
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The Lightning Thief
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Lightning Thief
First edition cover
Author
Rick Riordan
Cover artist
Peter Bollinger
John Rocco (later edition matching the sequels)
Country
United States
Series
Percy Jackson & the Olympians (bk 1)
Genre
Fantasy, Greek mythology, young-adult novel
Publisher
Miramax Books[1]
Puffin Books, Disney-Hyperion
Publication date
July 1, 2005 (hardcover)
April 1, 2006 (paperback)[2]
Media type
Print (hardcover), audiobook CD
Pages
377 pp.[3]
ISBN
0-7868-5629-7
OCLC
60786141
LC Class
PZ7.R4829 Li 2005[3]
Followed by
The Sea of Monsters[4]
The Lightning Thief is a 2005 fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology, the first young adult novel written by American author Rick Riordan. It is the first novel in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series, which charts the adventures of modern-day twelve-year-old Percy Jackson as he discovers he is a demigod, the son of a mortal woman and the Greek god Poseidon. Percy and his friends Annabeth Chase and Grover Underwood go on a quest to prevent a war between the gods Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades.
The Lightning Thief was published in June 2005 by Miramax Books, an imprint of Hyperion Books for Children[3][5] and thus Disney Publishing (succeeded by the Disney Hyperion imprint). The book has sold over 1.2 million copies in the subsequent four years, appearing on The New York Times children's Best Seller list and being listed as one of the Young Adult Library Services Association's Best Books for Young Adults, among other awards. It was adapted into a film named Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief released in the United States on February 12, 2010. The sequel to this novel is The Sea of Monsters.[6] The book has a rating of 4.22 out of 5 on Goodreads.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Development and publication
2 Plot
2.1 Prophecy
2.1.1 Meaning
3 Critical reception
4 Adaptations
4.1 Film adaptation
4.2 Audiobook
4.3 Musical
5 Sequels
6 Foreign language editions
7 References
8 External links
Development and publication[edit]
Rick Riordan, the author, at the release of The Battle of the Labyrinth
Development for The Lightning Thief began when author Rick Riordan made up stories for his son Haley, who had been diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia. His son had been studying Greek mythology in second grade and asked that his father come up with bedtime stories based on Greek myths. Riordan had been a Greek mythology teacher in middle school for many years and was able to remember enough stories to please his son. Soon Riordan ran out of myths and his son requested that Riordan make new ones using the characters from Greek myths with a new twist. Riordan created the fictional character Percy Jackson and his travels across the United States to recover Zeus's lightning bolt. After Riordan finished telling the story his son asked that his dad write a book based on Percy's adventures, and he did.
While he gave his manuscript to his agent and editor to review, Riordan took his book to a group of middle schoolers to critique. With their help, he came up with the name of the book and invented Percy's magic sword.[8] Riordan first sent out the manuscript for The Lightning Thief under the pseudonym Ransom Reese as he didn't want to rely on anyone in the publisher industry.[9] The manuscript got many rejections before an agent chose it as she liked its premise. In 2004 the book was sold to Miramax Books for enough money that Riordan could quit his job to focus on writing.[10] The book has since been released in multiple versions (including hardcover, paperback, and audio editions)[11] and has been translated and published all over the world.[12]
Plot[edit]
The Lightning Thief is narrated in the first person by Percy Jackson, a 12-year-old boy with dyslexia and ADHD who lives in New York City with his mother Sally and abusive stepfather.[1][13][14] During a school field trip to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, one of the chaperoning teachers, Mrs. Dodds, transforms into one of the three Furies of Greek myth and attacks Percy. Using a magic sword from the other chaperone Mr. Brunner, Percy destroys the monster. However, when he reunites with his schoolmates, he discovers that they do not even remember Mrs. Dodds. Over the course of the school year, Percy attempts to convince himself that this was all a dream, but his friend Grover Underwood's strange behavior leaves him in doubt. When the year ends, Percy and his mother go on a beach vacation. During a terrible storm, the two are awakened by a surprise visit from Grover—who is actually not a human teenager, but instead a young satyr. Grover tells them they are in danger, and the three drive to a mysterious summer camp and Mrs. Jackson says that she will protect Percy. They are attacked by the Minotaur, who grabs Mrs. Jackson and causes her to disappear in a blinding flash of gold light. Believing his mother has just died, Percy kills the beast with one of its own horns, then drags the unconscious Grover into the camp. Percy wakes up three days later and learns the camp is called Camp Half-Blood and that he is a demigod: the son of a human and a Greek god.
Percy settles into camp life and meets several other demigods, including Luke Castellan, a gifted swordsman and Percy's first new friend, and Annabeth Chase. Several strange incidents begin to reveal his powers as a demigod. After he is attacked during a game of Capture the Flag by a hellhound, Percy is publicly claimed by his father, the god Poseidon. A few days later, the centaur activities director Chiron (the real identity of Mr. Brunner) explains to Percy how the three eldest male gods (Poseidon, Zeus, and Hades) swore an oath not to have children more than 70 years ago; Percy represents a violation of that oath. This, coupled with the fact that Zeus's master lightning bolt has recently been stolen, has bred much suspicion between the gods. Percy is tasked with locating that bolt to appease the gods before an all-out war can break out. He chooses Annabeth and Grover to accompany him on a quest to the realm of Hades, the most likely culprit.
Before he leaves, Percy is given Chiron's magic sword Anaklusmos and Luke's flying sneakers. The trio then travels towards Los Angeles, the entrance to Hades's realm. Along the way, they are attacked by the Furies, Medusa, Echidna and the Chimera, and several other monsters. Percy gradually learns more about his companions, his powers, and the world of the Greek gods. Along the way, they do a favor for the god Ares, who gives them a backpack full of supplies and transportation to Nevada. When they arrive in Hades's realm, Grover is nearly dragged into Tartarus by Percy's flying shoes. The battered group finally meet Hades, who reveals that his Helm of Darkness (his symbol of power) has been stolen too. Hades accuses Percy of stealing his helm and threatens to kill Sally Jackson (who has been the god's hostage the whole time) and release all the dead back into the real world unless it is returned. When Percy finds the missing master bolt inside his backpack, the group realizes that Ares has been manipulating them. Narrowly escaping the Underworld, Percy challenges Ares to a duel. When the demigod wins, he gives the Helm of Darkness to the Furies; Hades then realizes that Percy was not the thief and returns Mrs. Jackson to their apartment in New York.
Percy takes the master bolt back to Zeus, who rewards the young hero by not killing him for Poseidon's broken oath. Percy returns to camp a hero and enjoys the rest of his summer there. On the last day of camp, however, he goes into the woods with Luke, who reveals himself to be the real thief of the Helm and bolt, following the orders of Kronos. Kronos also manipulated power-hungry Ares into taking part in the scheme. Percy cannot believe that Luke, an all-around nice guy, would do such a thing, and so Luke explains his belief that the gods are irresponsible and poor leaders who must be overthrown. He offers Percy the chance to join him, and when the other demigod does not, tries to kill him with a poisonous scorpion. Percy manages to kill the arachnid, but is badly poisoned. When he has recovered, Percy is given the choice of whether to return home for the school year or stay at camp year round. After much thought he decides to spend the school year with his mother (who is no longer with her abusive husband) even though it will be more dangerous for him with Luke and Kronos on the loose. Grover and Annabeth also leave the camp for the year, but promise to keep in touch with Percy.
Prophecy[edit]
Percy is given a prophecy by the camp's Oracle before his quest, which reads: You shall go west, and face the god who has turned.
You shall find what was stolen, and see it safely returned.
You shall be betrayed by one who calls you a friend.
And you shall fail to save what matters most, in the end.
Meaning[edit]
At first, it is assumed that Percy had to travel west from New York to L.A. to confront Hades, though it is later revealed that he really had to meet Ares.
Percy locates both Zeus's master bolt, which was always known to be missing, and also Hades's Helm.
Luke betrays Percy after treating him like a friend. The son of Hermes not only gifts Percy cursed shoes, but also tries to kill him with a scorpion.
When Hades captures the quest group, Percy uses three magic pearls from his father to save himself, Annabeth, and Grover. He is forced to leave "what matters most" - his mother - behind in order to stop the war between Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. He also does not help his mother rid herself of her abusive husband Gabe Ugliano. Sally is saved in the first case by Hades's choice to free her after he receives his Helm, and in the second, by her own choice to stand up to "Smelly Gabe".
Critical reception[edit]
The Lightning Thief received mostly positive reviews. Common Sense Media said, "There are two levels of fun in The Lightning Thief. One is the fast-paced quest of a young hero and his friends to save the world..." and added, "Another level of fun here – laughing at the wicked ways the author has updated the gods and monsters for the 21st century".[15] However, it did criticize some aspects of the book describing the prose as "choppy and attitude-filled" and complaining that "[t]he characters aren't emotionally involving". Its overall rating was 4 stars out of 5.[15] Numerous other reviews were more positive. The New York Times praised The Lightning Thief as "perfectly paced, with electrifying moments chasing each other like heartbeats".[16] School Library Journal said in its starred review that the book was "[a]n adventure-quest with a hip edge" and that "[r]eaders will be eager to follow the young protagonist's next move".[13] Kirkus Reviews reviews said, "The sardonic tone of the narrator's voice lends a refreshing air of realism to this riotously paced quest tale of heroism that questions the realities of our world, family, friendship and loyalty."[5] Eoin Colfer, author of Artemis Fowl called it "A fantastic blend of myth and modern".[17] Finally, Publishers Weekly also praised the book, regarding it as "swift and humorous" and added that the book would "leave many readers eager for the next installment."[18]
On April 8, 2007, The Lightning Thief was ranked ninth on The New York Times Best Seller list for children's books.[19] The Lightning Thief was the winner of the School Library Journal Best Book of 2005[20] as well one of the books in the Chicago Public Library Best of the Best Books List, 2005.[4] It was also in the VOYA Top Shelf Fiction List[4] and was the winner of the Red House Children's Book Award Winner (UK), 2006;[4] Askews Torchlight Award (UK), 2006;[4] and the Mark Twain Award (Missouri Association of School Librarians), 2008.[4][21] It was an American Library Association Notable Book, 2006[22] and a New York Times Notable Book (2005).[23] It received the Young Reader's Choice Award in 2008[24] and the Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award in 2009.[25][26] Scholastic Parent & Child magazine also included the novel within its 100 "Greatest Books for Kids."[27] When asked about the various awards, Rick Riordan said: "The ultimate compliment for a children's writer is when the kids like it."[28]
Adaptations[edit]
Film adaptation[edit]
Main article: Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief
In June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired the feature film rights to the book.[29] In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. The film, titled Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, was released in the United States on February 12, 2010 and had Logan Lerman as Percy Jackson, Alexandra Daddario as Annabeth Chase, Brandon T. Jackson as Grover Underwood, Jake Abel as Luke Castellan, and Pierce Brosnan as Chiron. The film received mixed reviews from critics upon release and grossed $226 million at the worldwide box office.[30] A sequel, Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters, was released in 2013.
Audiobook[edit]
On June 28, 2005, a 10-hour and 25 minute audio book version, read by actor Jesse Bernstein, was published worldwide by Listening Library.[11][31]
Kirkus Reviews magazine said, "the narrator’s voice lends a refreshing air of realism to this riotously paced quest tale of heroism that questions the realities of our world, family, friendship and loyalty".[13] AudioFile Magazine praised the audiobook, "adults and children alike will be spellbound as they listen to this deeply imaginative tale unfold."[31] School Library Journal both praised and criticized the audio book saying "Although some of Jesse Bernstein's accents fail (the monster from Georgia, for instance, has no Southern trace in her voice), he does a fine job of keeping the main character's tones and accents distinguishable".[32]
Musical[edit]
Main article: The Lightning Thief (musical)
A one-hour musical aimed at young audiences was planned to hit the road on a nationwide tour in September 2014 following a stint in New York City in 2014.[33] A two-hour version of the musical previewed Off-Broadway on March 23, 2017 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre.[34] On April 21, a cast recording was announced to be released on June 30 on the Broadway Records label.[35]
Sequels[edit]
Main article: Percy Jackson & the Olympians § Books
The Lightning Thief is followed by The Sea of Monsters in which Percy and Annabeth rescue Grover who has been imprisoned by Polyphemus, the Cyclopes, and recover the Golden Fleece to save the camp. They are accompanied by Percy's Cyclops half brother, Tyson and Clarisse La Rue in this mission.
Like The Lightning Thief, it won several prizes and received generally positive reviews as well.[4][36][37] It sold over 100,000 copies in paperback.[6] It was followed by The Titan's Curse, The Battle of the Labyrinth, and The Last Olympian as well as an entire new sequel-series, The Heroes of Olympus, and later, The Trials of Apollo.
Foreign language editions[edit]
The Lightning Thief was published in Chinese, Italian, Turkish, Danish, Croatian, Czech, Finnish, French, Dutch, German, Hebrew, Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese, Indonesian, Serbian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Catalan. The French, German, and Spanish editions were published in 2006. The other translations of the book were published in 2008. The Icelandic publisher Odinseye released another edition in 2012.[38] The novel is also on sale in Taiwan, published by Yuan Liou Publishing.[39] In Czech it is called 'Percy Jackson Zlodej blesku'.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Oksner, Robert (2006-05-21). "The Lightning Thief Review". Kidsreads. Retrieved 2009-09-01. >
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick (2006). The Lightning Thief. New York, NY: Hyperion Books for Children. ISBN 0-7868-3865-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The lightning thief" (first edition). LC Online Catalog. Library of Congress (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 2015-11-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Riordan, Rick. "Series Awards". Rick Riordan. Archived from the original on May 8, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kirkus Review". Kirkus. 2005-07-15. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Nawotka, Edward (April 23, 2007). "Son of Poseidon Gaining Strength". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
Jump up ^ "The Lightning Thief (Percy Jackson and the Olympians, #1)". Goodreads. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick. "An Interview with Rick". rickriordan.com. Disney-Hyperion. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick. "If Only I Had Connections . ." rickriordan.com. Disney-Hyperion. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ Rich, Motoko (2008-09-01). "Author of Book Series Sends Kids on a Web Treasure Hunt". The New York TImes. New York, NY. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jesse Bernstein's Work". Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mabe, Chauncey (2009-05-14). "Rick Riordan: Percy Jackson vs. Harry Potter". The Sun Sentinel. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Reviews for The Lightning Thief". Hyperion-Books, Rick Riordan. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
Jump up ^ Thomason, Kathy. "The Lightning Thief Review". Thunder Child. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Berman, Matt. "Review of The Lightning Thief: Percy Jackson and the Olympians, Book". Common Sense Media. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Shulman, Polly (2005-11-13). "Harry Who?". Sunday Book Review. The New York Times. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bennett, Steve. "Monster Mania". San Antonia Express News, February 12, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Lightning Thief.(Brief Article)(Children's Review)(Book Review)." Publishers Weekly. 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Children's Bestseller's List". The New York Times. New York, NY. 2007-04-08. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Trevelyn Jones; Luann Toth; Marlene Charnizon; Daryl Grabarek & Joy Fleishhacker (12 January 2005). "Best Books 2005". School Library Journal. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
Jump up ^ "Mark Twain Award 2005-06 Winners". Missouri Association of School Librarians. April 23, 2006. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "2006 Best Books for Young Adults with annotations". Young Adult Library Services Association. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Notable Books of 2005". The New York Times. New York, NY. December 4, 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Jump up ^ "YRCA Past Winners". Pacific Northwest Library Association. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rebecca Caudill Young Readers' Book Award winners. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick. "2009 Rebecca Caudill Award – Acceptance Letter from Rick Riordan" (PDF). Rebecca Caudill Young Readers' Book Award. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 100 'Greatest Books for Kids'". USA Today. February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Minzesheimer, Bob (January 18, 2006). "'Lightning' strikes with young readers". USA Today Books. USA Today. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ Brodesser, Claude (23 June 2004). "'Lightning Thief' strikes Maverick". Variety.com. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
Jump up ^ Rick Riordan. "Contact Information". Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Bernstien, Jesse (2005). "The Lightning Thief (audiobook)". AufioFile Magazine. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
Jump up ^ "Audio Reviews: October, 2005". School Library Journal Audio Reviews. School Library Journal. October 1, 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
Jump up ^ "How Rick Riordan's 'The Lightning Thief' became a stage musical". PopWatch. Entertainment Weekly. July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.lightningthiefmusical.com/#about
Jump up ^ "Chris McCarrell & Cast of the Lightning Thief Musical to Rock Out on Cast Album". Broadway.com. April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mark Twain Award Previous Winners". Missouri Association of School Librarians. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
Jump up ^ Ruth, Sheila. "The Sea of Monsters Review". Wands and Worlds. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick (February 13, 2011). "The Week in Review–Myth & Mystery". Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Rick. (February 15, 2011). "The Red Pyramid goes to Taiwan–Myth & Mystery". Retrieved February 15, 2011.
External links[edit]
Children's literature portal
Mythology portal
Speculative fiction portal
Rick Riordan Myth Master at publisher Penguin Books (UK)
Percy Jackson & the Olympians at publisher Disney-Hyperion Books (US)
Rick Riordan at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
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Percy Jackson
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Zachary Gordon
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Zachary Gordon
Gordon at a screening of Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules
Born
Zachary Adam Gordon
(1998-02-15) February 15, 1998 (age 19)
Oak Park, California, U.S.
Nationality
American
Occupation
Actor
Years active
2006–present
Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of eight, Gordon is a three time Young Artist Award Best Leading Young Actor nominee, best known for playing Greg Heffley in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film franchise, which are based on Jeff Kinney's #1 New York Times best seller novel series, Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
Contents
[hide]
1 Personal life
2 Career
3 Filmography
4 Awards and nominations
5 References
6 External links
Personal life
Gordon was born in Oak Park, California, to Linda and Kenneth Gordon.[1] He has two brothers, Joshua and Kyle, and was raised in Southern California.[2][3][4] Zach graduated from a public high school in Oak Park[1][5] and is Jewish.[6]
Career
Gordon's resumé includes multiple television appearances, on programs such as How I Met Your Mother and All of Us.[7] He has also appeared in the 2008 opening of Desperate Housewives, plus two other episodes, and in two episodes of 24, which aired in January 2009. He also appeared in three episodes (2014) as a guest star on Tim Allen's sitcom, where he played Tim's daughter's boyfriend.
His film credits (2007–2008) include Sex and Death 101, Lower Learning, the Garry Marshall film Georgia Rule (for which he won the "Young Artist Award" for his portrayal of Ethan), The Brothers Bloom, as Young Bloom, and alongside Nicolas Cage in National Treasure: Book of Secrets (2007) and many others. Gordon has been credited with numerous voice-over roles including "Brad Spolyt" in The Chubbchubbs Save Xmas, "Ricky Garcia" in Project Gilroy, "San San" in Nick Jr.'s Ni Hao, Kai-Lan and The Mighty B! He is a series regular as the voice of Gil, one of the lead roles in the Nickelodeon series, Bubble Guppies. Gordon has voice cameo acted as Baby Melman in the animated film, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, Kotaro in Afro Sumurai: Resurrection, and Young Tony Stark in The Super Hero Squad Show. In 2010, he played Greg Heffley in the film Diary of a Wimpy Kid. In 2011 he appeared as Papi Jr. in Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 and as Paws in Disney's The Search for Santa Paws.
In June 2010, 20th Century Fox announced a sequel to Diary of a Wimpy Kid; Gordon returned as Greg Heffley and the film, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules, was released on March 25, 2011. It was the #1 Box office movie in the United States for the following two weeks.[8]
In 2011, Gordon provided voices for Charlie Brown, Linus and Franklin on the comedy show Robot Chicken, and in 2012, he reprised the role of Greg Heffley for the last time in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days. In the fourth film, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, he was replaced by Jason Drucker.
In 2013, Gordon was chosen to host a miniseries for Nintendo, called Skylander's Boomcast on YouTube channel SkylandersGame, reviewing and talking about the very successful video game series Skylanders.[9]
Additional films for 2013 included The Incredible Burt Wonderstone and a role as "Pete Kidder" in Walden Media's and Hallmark Channel's Pete's Christmas with veteran actor Bruce Dern playing his cantankerous grandfather.
Filmography
Year
Film
Role
Notes
2006, 2009 How I Met Your Mother Stacy's Son, Tyler Stinson (Grant)[10] 2 episodes
2006–07 All of Us Richie
2007 Because I Said So Little Arthur
Sex and Death 101 Barbeque Brat
Georgia Rule Ethan[10]
The Chubbchubbs Save Xmas Brad Spoylt
National Treasure: Book of Secrets Lincoln Conspiracy Kid[10]
2007, 2011 Robot Chicken Charlie Brown, Linus 2 episodes; voice
2008 David's Solution Little David TV
Desperate Housewives Little Robin Hood 1 episode
The Mighty B! Gwen's Brother #4[11] 1 episode; voice
Handy Manny Little Lopart
MADtv The Joker 1 episode
Lower Learning Frankie Fowler[11]
Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa Baby Melman[11] Voice Cameo
Four Christmases Kid #6 in Jump-Jump
Special Agent Oso Tyler Voice
2008, 2010 Batman: The Brave and the Bold Young Bruce Wayne, Young Aqualad 3 episodes; voice
2008–09 Ni Hao, Kai-lan San San 15 episodes
2009 The Brothers Bloom Young Bloom
24 8 Year-Old Boy 2 episodes
Afro Samurai: Resurrection Kotaro Voice
Santa Buddies Puppy Paws Voice; main role
2010 Diary of a Wimpy Kid[11] Greg Heffley Lead role
The Search for Santa Paws Puppy Paws[10] Voice; main role
2011 Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 Papi Junior[10]
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules Greg Heffley[12] Lead role
Childrens Hospital Cody/Mike 1 episode
Family Guy Homeless Little Boy 1 episode
2011–12 Bubble Guppies Gil Voice; main role
2012 Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days Greg Heffley Lead role
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown
R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour Seth/Seti[13]
2012–16 Lake Munro Lucas Coleman Series regular; 17–26
2013 The Incredible Burt Wonderstone Will
Pete's Christmas Pete Kidder
Uncle Grandpa Belly Kid 1 episode; voice
2014 Last Man Standing Andrew 3 episodes
The Boxcar Children Henry Voice only
2015 Huevos: Little Rooster's Egg-cellent Adventure Rolo Voice
2016 Norm of the North Norm Cub Voice
Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV Young Ravus Voice
Dead of Summer Jason "Blotter" Cohen Recurring Role
Star Wars Rebels Mart Mattin 1 episode; voice
2017 The Gettysburg Address Daniel Skelly Voice
Awards and nominations
Award
Year
Category
Result
Work
Young Artist Award 2008 Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor (Comedy or Musical) Won Georgia Rule
Sierra Award 2010 Youth in Film Nominated Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Young Artist Award 2011 Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor Nominated
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Ensemble Cast Won
Young Artist Award 2012 Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor Nominated Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules
Young Artist Award 2013 Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor Nominated Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Ensemble Cast Won
References
^ Jump up to: a b Fischer, Sophia (June 26, 2008). "Child actor learning Hollywood ways". The Acorn. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Baylen, Ashley (August 21, 2012) Top 20 Under 40 Los Angeles- Zachary Gordon – Page1. Shalom Life. Retrieved on March 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Miller, Gerri (February 2012). "Zachary Gordon: The Wimpy Kid". Buzzyquote. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lara, Monica (December 9, 2012) Chabad hosts Hanukkah celebration in Oak Park » Ventura County Star. Vcstar.com.
Jump up ^ Fischer, Sophia (March 11, 2010). "Oak Park boy stars in 'Wimpy Kid' film". The Acorn. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ http://www.shalomlife.com/culture/17783/top-20-under-40-los-angeles-zachary-gordon/?PageSpeed=noscript
Jump up ^ "Zachary Gordon". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (June 23, 2010). "David Bowers to direct 'Wimpy' sequel". The Hollywood Reporter. e5 Global Media. Archived from the original on June 27, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Martin, John Llewellyn (October 4, 2013). "Skylander: Swap Force Video: The Boomcast Premieres". Screen Crush. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Zachary Gordon: Credits". TVguide. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Zachary Gordon New York Times Film Credits". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hale, Mike (March 24, 2011). "The Sequel to 'Diary of a Wimpy Kid'". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ ""Wimpy Kid" Zachary Gordon wants his "Mummy" in a new episode of "The Haunting Hour"". Retrieved February 23, 2012.
External links
Zachary Gordon on IMDb
Zachary Gordon on Facebook
Interview with Gordon on Channel One News
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 158694363
LCCN: no2010123814
ISNI: 0000 0001 1958 7866
BNF: cb165071882 (data)
BNE: XX5169001
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zachary_Gordon&oldid=796072199"
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