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The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)
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The Chronicles of Narnia
Directed by
Andrew Adamson (1–2)
Michael Apted (3)
Joe Johnston (4)
Produced by
Mark Johnson (1–3)
Philip Steuer (1–3)
Andrew Adamson (2–3)
Mark Gordon (4)
Douglas Gresham (4)
Vincent Sieber (4)
Screenplay by
Ann Peacock (1)
Andrew Adamson (1–2)
Christopher Markus (1–3)
Stephen McFeely (1–3)
Michael Petroni (3)
David Magee (4)
Based on
The Chronicles of Narnia
by C. S. Lewis
Starring
Georgie Henley
Skandar Keynes
William Moseley
Anna Popplewell
Ben Barnes
Will Poulter
Tilda Swinton
Liam Neeson
Music by
Harry Gregson-Williams (1–2)
David Arnold (3)
Cinematography
Donald McAlpine (1)
Karl Walter Lindenlaub (2)
Dante Spinotti (3)
Edited by
Sim Evan-Jones (1–2)
Rick Shaine (3)
Production
company
Walt Disney Pictures (1–2)
Walden Media (1–3)
The Mark Gordon Company (4)
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures (1–2)
20th Century Fox (3)
TriStar Pictures (4)
Entertainment One (4)
Release date
1: 9 December 2005
2: 16 May 2008
3: 10 December 2010
4 TBA
Running time
410 minutes (1–3)
Country
United Kingdom
United States
Language
English
Budget
Total (3 films):
$560 million
Box office
Total (3 films):
$1,580,364,900
The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of films based on The Chronicles of Narnia, a series of novels by C. S. Lewis. From the seven novels, there have been three film adaptations so far—The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), Prince Caspian (2008) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)—which have grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide among them.
The series revolves around the adventures of children in the world of Narnia, guided by Aslan, a wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia. The children heavily featured in the films are the Pevensie siblings, and a prominent antagonist is the White Witch (also known as Jadis).
The first two films were directed by Andrew Adamson and the third film was directed by Michael Apted. The fourth film will be directed by Joe Johnston.
Contents
1 Development
2 Films
2.1 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)
2.2 Prince Caspian (2008)
2.3 The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)
2.4 The Silver Chair (TBA)
3 Main cast
3.1 Children
3.2 Other main characters
4 Crew
5 Reception
5.1 Box office performance
5.2 Critical and public response
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Development[edit]
C. S. Lewis never sold the film rights to the Narnia series during his lifetime, as he was skeptical that any cinematic adaptation could render the more fantastical elements and characters of the story realistically.[a] Only after seeing a demo reel of CGI animals did Douglas Gresham (Lewis's stepson and literary executor, and film co-producer) give approval for a film adaptation.
Although the plan was originally to produce the films in the same order as the book series' original publication, it was reported that The Magician's Nephew, which recounts the creation of Narnia, would be the fourth feature film in the series, instead of The Silver Chair. It was rumoured that The Magician's Nephew was chosen as an attempt to reboot the series, after the release of The Voyage of the Dawn Treader grossed less when compared to the two previous films.[1] In March 2011, Walden Media confirmed that they intended The Magician's Nephew to be next in the series, but stressed that it was not yet in development.[2]
In October 2011, Douglas Gresham stated that Walden Media's contract with the C. S. Lewis estate had expired, hinting that Walden Media's lapse in renegotiating their contract with the C. S. Lewis estate was due to internal conflicts between both companies about the direction of future films.[3]
On 1 October 2013, The C. S. Lewis Company announced a partnership with The Mark Gordon Company, and that The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair was officially in pre-production.[4]
Films[edit]
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)[edit]
Main article: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, based on the novel of the same title, is the first film in the series. Directed by Andrew Adamson, it was shot mainly in New Zealand, though locations were used in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.
The story follows the four British Pevensie siblings, who are evacuated during the Blitz to the countryside, where they find a wardrobe that leads to the fantasy world of Narnia. There, they must ally with the lion Aslan against the forces of the White Witch, who has placed Narnia in an eternal winter.
The film was released theatrically on 9 December 2005 and on DVD on 4 April 2006 and grossed over $745 million worldwide.
Prince Caspian (2008)[edit]
Main article: The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
Prince Caspian, based on the novel of the same title, is the second film in the series and the last distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.
The story follows the same Pevensie children who were transported to Narnia in the previous film as they return to Narnia, where 1,300 years have passed and the land has been invaded by the Telmarines. The four Pevensie children aid Prince Caspian in his struggle for the throne against his corrupt uncle, King Miraz.
The film was released on 16 May 2008. It grossed $419 million worldwide.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)[edit]
Main article: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, based on the novel of the same title, is the first film in the series not to be co-produced by Disney, who dropped out over a budget dispute with Walden Media. In February 2009 it was announced that 20th Century Fox would replace Disney for future installments. Directed by Michael Apted, the movie was filmed almost entirely in Australia.
The story follows the two younger Pevensie children as they return to Narnia with their cousin, Eustace Scrubb. They join the old king of Narnia, Caspian, in his quest to rescue seven lost lords and save Narnia from a corrupting evil that resides on a lit island.[5]
The film was released on 10 December 2010 (in RealD 3D in select theatres) and grossed over $415 million worldwide.
The Silver Chair (TBA)[edit]
After Walden Media's contract of the series' film rights expired in 2011 it was originally assumed that 2014 would be the earliest that production on another Narnia film could begin according to the moratorium placed on the C. S. Lewis estate's right to sell the books' film option.
On 1 October 2013, The C. S. Lewis Company announced that it had entered into an agreement with the Mark Gordon Company to produce The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair, based on The Silver Chair. Mark Gordon and Douglas Gresham along with Vincent Sieber, the Los Angeles based director of The C. S. Lewis Company, would serve as producers and work with The Mark Gordon Company on developing the script.[4] On 5 December 2013, it was announced that David Magee would write the screenplay.[6]
In July 2014, the official Narnia website allowed the opportunity for fans to suggest names for the Lady of the Green Kirtle, the main antagonist. The winning name is to be selected by Mark Gordon and David Magee for use in the final script of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair.[7]
While the film's producers have been calling the film a "reboot" to the series, in actuality this is referring to the fact that the film has a new creative team not associated with those who worked on the previous three films. The film itself is still considered to be a sequel to the film adaptation of The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.[8][9] On 9 August 2016, it was announced that Sony's TriStar Productions and Entertainment One Films will finance and distribute the fourth film with Mark Gordon Company (which eOne owns) and C. S. Lewis Company.[10]
In April 2017, it was announced that Joe Johnston had been hired to direct The Silver Chair.[11] In October, Johnston said filming is expected to begin in late 2018.[12]
During an interview with Red Carpet News TV, producer Mark Gordon revealed scarce details about the new technologies and setting that would be used for the upcoming film.[13]
Main cast[edit]
Children[edit]
William Moseley as Peter Pevensie, title: High King Peter the Magnificent, the eldest Pevensie child and the High King of Narnia during the Golden Age.
Anna Popplewell as Susan Pevensie, title: Queen Susan the Gentle, the elder Pevensie child and a Queen of Narnia during the Golden Age.
Skandar Keynes as Edmund Pevensie, title: King Edmund the Just; the younger Pevensie child and a King of Narnia during the Golden Age.
Georgie Henley as Lucy Pevensie, title: Queen Lucy the Valiant, the youngest Pevensie child and a Queen of Narnia during the Golden Age.
Will Poulter as Eustace Scrubb, the Pevensie children's arrogant cousin. He will return to Narnia with his friend Jill Pole in The Silver Chair.
Other main characters[edit]
Liam Neeson as the voice of Aslan, the magnificent and majestically powerful lion who helps govern and maintain order in Narnia; a mystical world of his own creation. He is the only main character to appear in all seven books.
Tilda Swinton as Jadis, the White Witch; the former queen of Charn and a witch who ruled Narnia after being released in The Magician's Nephew and during the events of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
Ben Barnes as Caspian X (Also known as "Prince Caspian"), the Telmarine prince who becomes King of Narnia after overthrowing his evil uncle Miraz.
Eddie Izzard and Simon Pegg as the voice of Reepicheep in Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, respectively: the noble and courageous mouse who fights for Aslan and the freedom of Narnia.
Crew[edit]
Role
Film
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair
2005 2008 2010 2020
Director(s)
Andrew Adamson Michael Apted Joe Johnston
Producer(s)
Mark Johnson and Phillip Steuer Mark Johnson, Andrew Adamson, and Phillip Steuer Mark Gordon, Douglas Gresham, and Vincent Sieber
Writer(s)
Ann Peacock, Andrew Adamson, Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely Andrew Adamson, Christopher Markus, and Stephen McFeely Christopher Markus, Stephen McFeely, and Michael Petroni David Magee
Composer(s)
Harry Gregson-Williams David Arnold TBA
Cinematographer(s)
Donald McAlpine Karl Walter Lindenlaub Dante Spinotti TBA
Editor(s)
Sim Evan-Jones Rick Shaine TBA
U.S. release date
9 December 2005 16 May 2008 10 December 2010 2020
Distributor(s)
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures 20th Century Fox TriStar Pictures and Entertainment One
Reception[edit]
Box office performance[edit]
Film
Release date
Box office gross
All-time ranking
Budget
Ref.
North America
Other territories
Worldwide
North America
Worldwide
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe December 9, 2005 (2005-12-09) $291,710,957 $453,302,158 $745,013,115 78 86 $180 million [14]
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian May 16, 2008 (2008-05-16) $141,621,490 $278,044,078 $419,665,568 363 236 $225 million [15]
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader December 10, 2010 (2010-12-10) $104,386,950 $311,299,267 $415,686,217 621 238 $155 million [16]
Total
$7008537719397000000♠537,719,397
$7009104264550300000♠1,042,645,503
$7009158036490000000♠1,580,364,900
$560 million
[17][18]
Critical and public response[edit]
Film
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 76% (209 reviews)[19] 75 (39 reviews)[20] A+[21]
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian 67% (189 reviews)[22] 62 (34 reviews)[23] A−[21]
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader 50% (161 reviews)[24] 53 (33 reviews)[25] A−[21]
See also[edit]
Narnia portal
Fantasy portal
Film portal
Disney portal
Outline of Narnia
The Chronicles of Narnia (TV serial)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ A general dislike of cinema is seen in Collected Letters, Vol. 2, a letter to his brother Warren on March 3, 1940, p. 361; see also All My Road Before Me, June 1, 1926, p. 405
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Moring, Mark (April 7, 2011). "The Lion, the Witch, and the Box Office". Christianity Today. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "'Narnia': Walden, Fox in discussions on 'The Magician's Nephew'". Inside movies. EW. 23 Oct 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gresham Shares Plans for Next Narnia Film". Narnia Web. May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fourth "Chronicles of Narnia" Movie in Works from Mark Gordon Co". Deadline. Oct 2013.
Jump up ^ Alexonx (10 November 2010). "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader-Spectacular trailer". filmissimo.it. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Narnia' Sequel Taps David Magee to Write Script". The Wrap. 5 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Enter The Silver Chair Movie Contest!". Narnia.com.
Jump up ^ "Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair to Reboot the Franchise". Collider. 12 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Katharine Trendacosta. "With This Chronicles of Narnia News, the Word 'Reboot' Is Officially Gibberish". io9. Gawker Media.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr, Mike (9 August 2016). "TriStar, Mark Gordon & eOne Revive 'The Chronicles Of Narnia' With 'The Silver Chair'". Deadline.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin. "'Captain America' Director Joe Johnston Boards 'Narnia' Revival 'The Silver Chair'". Variety.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Silver Chair to Begin Filming 2018, Johnston Says". NarniaWeb. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
Jump up ^ "'The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair' update: Mark Gordon drops teasers about setting and visual effects".
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia Movies at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Narnia' Vs. 'Narnia'". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cinema score". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe on IMDb
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian on IMDb
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader on IMDb
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The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis
Books
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Prince Caspian
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The Silver Chair
The Horse and His Boy
The Magician's Nephew
The Last Battle
Adaptations
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1967 TV serial)
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979 film)
The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Prince Caspian/The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
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The Cabby and Nellie
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Lady of the Green Kirtle
Lucy
Maugrim
Miraz
Peter
Polly
Puddleglum
Rabadash
Ramandu
Ramandu's daughter
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Seven Great Lords of Narnia
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Places
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Anvard
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Lantern Waste
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First Battle of Beruna
Second Battle of Beruna
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Deplorable Word
Hundred-Year Winter
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text:
Sleeping Beauty Castle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about a structure at Disneyland. For the structure at Disneyland Park in Paris, see Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant. For the structures at the Magic Kingdom and Tokyo Disneyland, see Cinderella Castle. For the structure at Shanghai Disneyland, see Enchanted Storybook Castle.
Sleeping Beauty Castle
Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland Park in 2009.
Disneyland
Area
Fantasyland
Coordinates
33°48′46″N 117°55′08″W / 33.81276°N 117.91894°W / 33.81276; -117.91894
Status
Operating
Opening date
July 17, 1955
Hong Kong Disneyland
Area
Fantasyland
Coordinates
22°18′45″N 114°02′28″E / 22.31262°N 114.04113°E / 22.31262; 114.04113
Status
Closed
Opening date
September 12, 2005
Closing date
January 1, 2018
Replaced by
Unnamed Disney castle
General statistics
Attraction type
Castle
Theme
Sleeping Beauty
Height
77 ft (23 m)
Sleeping Beauty Castle is a fairy tale castle at the center of Disneyland and formerly at Hong Kong Disneyland. It is based on the late-19th century Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria, Germany. It was featured in Walt Disney Pictures logo before the film, and along with Cinderella Castle, this castle is iconic symbol of The Walt Disney Company. It is also the only Disney castle that was overseen by Walt Disney.
Contents
[hide]
1 Disneyland
1.1 Fiftieth anniversary
1.2 Sixtieth anniversary
2 Hong Kong Disneyland
2.1 During the 5th Anniversary
2.2 During the 10th Anniversary
3 Logo usage
4 References
Disneyland[edit]
Sleeping Beauty Castle decorated for Christmas
Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle at night, February 2005.
Neuschwanstein Castle
Opened July 17, 1955, the castle is the oldest of all Disney castles. Its primary inspiration was the Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany.[1] Though it reaches a height of 77 feet (23 m), it was designed by Roland E. Hill to appear taller through a process known as forced perspective; design elements are larger at the foundation and smaller at the turrets. The castle initially featured an empty upper level that was never intended to house an attraction, but Walt Disney was not satisfied with what he viewed as wasted space, and challenged his Imagineers to find some use for the space.
Beginning April 29, 1957, visitors were able to walk through the castle and view several dioramas depicting the story of Sleeping Beauty. The voice of Jiminy Cricket from Walt Disney's Pinocchio (1940) singing "When You Wish Upon a Star" is piped into the castle.[2] The original dioramas were designed in the style of Eyvind Earle, production designer for Disney's 1959 film Sleeping Beauty, and were then redone in 1977 to resemble the window displays on Main Street, U.S.A.. The walkthrough was closed for unspecified reasons on October 7, 2001; popular belief claims the September 11th attacks and the potential danger that ensued played a major factor in the closing.
On July 17, 2008, Disney announced that the Sleeping Beauty Castle walkthrough would reopen in the style of the original Earle dioramas, enhanced with new technology not available in 1957. The walkthrough reopened on November 27, 2008 at 5:00 p.m., drawing long lines going as far back as the Hub at the center of the park. Unlike previous incarnations, visitors who are unable to climb stairs or navigate the passageways of the Castle can still experience the walkthrough "virtually" in a special room on the Castle's ground floor. This room is lavishly themed, and presents the closed-captioned CGI walkthrough recreation on a high-definition TV. This same virtual recreation is included on the Sleeping Beauty 50th Anniversary Platinum Edition DVD.
The Disney family coat of arms hangs above the archway to the castle.[3] It is composed of three lions passant in pale.[4] It is known that the coat of arms was not originally on the castle, but was placed there sometime between June 1965 [5] and July 1965.[6]
At the rear of the castle, shaded by the archways and driven into the ground is a gold spike that is widely, but wrongly, believed to mark the geographical center of Disneyland as of the addition of Mickey's Toontown in 1993. In reality, the spike is a surveyor's mark that was used to ensure that the castle bridge and entrance lined up with Main Street USA when the park was first constructed. The original geographical center of the Magic Kingdom was in the middle of the round park, where the "Partners" statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse stands. The addition of Toontown moved the actual center of the park a few yards northward, but still on the hub side of the castle drawbridge.
Fiftieth anniversary[edit]
In celebration of Disneyland's 50th anniversary, the castle was repainted and five turrets were decorated with stylized crowns, each representing a decade in the park's history:
The creation of Disneyland is represented by a pair of famous "Ears" peeking up over the horizon to see the wonders to come.
"A World on the Move", otherwise known as the "New Tomorrowland" of 1967, is represented by rocket ships and accented by opalescent planets.
The Blue Fairy represents the debut of the Main Street Electrical Parade.
The Indiana Jones Adventure is represented by the evil Eye of Mara, guarded by snakes.
The 50th Anniversary of Disneyland is represented by fireworks and Tinker Bell.
Sixtieth anniversary[edit]
For Disneyland's 60th Anniversary, World of Color changed to the World of Color: Celebrate! The Wonderful World of Walt Disney. Disneyland Park introduced Paint The Night and a new fireworks show, "Disneyland Forever". A 24-hour kickoff event occurred May 22, 2015.
As part of the celebration, the castle was covered with diamonds and glitter, with a large 60th logo in the center. Carthay Circle Restaurant at Disney California Adventure was also decorated for the Diamond Celebration. Although some of the decorations on the castle for the celebration have been removed, the decorative faux roofs remain. (As of June 2017)
Hong Kong Disneyland[edit]
Sleeping Beauty Castle at Hong Kong Disneyland
Hong Kong's Sleeping Beauty Castle is a nearly identical copy of the original in California. However, the two castles can be differentiated through very subtle details. Hong Kong Disneyland uses a different color scheme compared to that of Disneyland, with more natural white and pink colours for the accents and cornice. It also has fewer trees surrounding its castle, allowing a more open view to accompany the nightly fireworks show.
The park's current castle will be completely redesigned and reconstructed in 2020, as part of its 15th anniversary celebration. The castle will be redesigned to pay tribute to all Disney princesses. The castle closed on January 1, 2018.[7][8]
During the 5th Anniversary[edit]
In celebration of Hong Kong Disneyland's fifth anniversary, Celebration in the Air, the castle was transformed into Tinker Bell’s Pixie Dusted Castle. The castle was decorated with golden pixie dust, which sparkled and shimmered in the sun and was illuminated by night.
During the 10th Anniversary[edit]
Although no significant decorations were added to Hong Kong Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle for the park's 10th anniversary, the nightly "Disney In The Stars" fireworks show was added with elaborate projection mapping with visuals to compliment the display. This, however, resulted in the elimination of a few pyrotechnic elements launched from the front of the castle during the show.
Logo usage[edit]
As Sleeping Beauty Castle is a Disney icon, it and Magic Kingdom's Cinderella Castle have become the basis for the logo of Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television, Disney Music Group and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It was also heavily featured in advertisements for the Wonderful World of Disney, formerly shown on the Disney Channel.
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland.
Jump up ^ Smith, Alex (2008), Is Authenticity Important? (PDF), Royal College of Art, retrieved 2011-01-3
Jump up ^ Pimental, Joseph (October 17, 2015). "One of Disneyland's many voices has an ear for magic". The Orange County Register. p. Local 1.
Jump up ^ "Disney Coat of Arms / Disney Family Crest". 4crests.com. 2011-12-24. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
Jump up ^ Erik, Irrawaddy. "The Disney Crest | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
Jump up ^ "Daveland - Sleeping Beauty Castle (Disneyland - June 1965)". Davelandweb.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Daveland - Sleeping Beauty Castle (Disneyland - July 1965)". Davelandweb.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Barnes, Brooks (November 22, 2016). "Hong Kong Disneyland, Seeking Return to Profit, Plans $1.4 Billion Upgrade". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Miller, Daniel (November 22, 2016). "Hong Kong Disneyland in line for a $1.4-billion expansion, adding a 'Frozen' themed land in a bid to boost growth". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
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