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Nissan Pathfinder
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For the model marketed as Nissan Terrano II in parts of Europe, see Nissan Terrano II. For the model marketed as Nissan Terrano in India and Russia, see Dacia Duster.
Nissan Pathfinder/Terrano
Nissan Pathfinder R52
Overview
Manufacturer
Nissan
Production
1990–present
Body and chassis
Class
Compact SUV (1985–1995)
Mid-size SUV (1995–present)
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel drive (1985–2012)
Front engine, front-wheel drive (2013–present)
Front engine, four-wheel drive (1985–present)
Chronology
Predecessor
Nissan Bushmaster
The Nissan Pathfinder is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Nissan since 1985, derived from Nissan's compact pickup truck platform. The Pathfinder is positioned in size between the Murano and Armada or Patrol, but in price between the Xterra and Murano.
Contents
[hide]
1 First generation WD21 series (1985–1995)
1.1 Facelifts
2 Second generation R50 series (1996–2004)
2.1 Facelifts
2.2 Infiniti QX4/Terrano Regulus
2.3 Year-to-year changes
3 Third generation R51 series (2005–2012)
3.1 2008 facelift (US and Middle East)
3.2 2010 facelift (Europe, South America, Asia/Oceania, Caribbean)
3.2.1 Exterior changes
4 Fourth generation R52 series (2013–present)
4.1 2014 model year update
4.2 Pathfinder Hybrid (Limited and Late availability)
4.3 2017 facelift
5 References
6 External links
First generation WD21 series (1985–1995)[edit]
First generation (WD21)
Overview
Manufacturer
Nissan
Also called
Nissan Terrano
Nissan Terramax
Production
April 1985 – September 1995
Assembly
Nissan Shatai, Kanda, Fukuoka, Japan
Purwakarta, Indonesia[1]
Jakarta, Indonesia (Nissan Motor Indonesia)[2]
Designer
Doug Wilson, Jerry Hirschberg (1982, 1983)[3]
Body and chassis
Body style
2-door SUV (1985–1989)
4-door SUV (1989–1995)
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Platform
WD21
Related
Nissan D21 Pickup
Powertrain
Engine
2.4 L Z24i I4
2.4 L KA24E I4
3.0 L VG30i V6
3.0 L VG30E V6
2.7 L TD272 I4 Diesel
2.7 L TD27T2 I4 Turbodiesel
2.7 L TD27T4 I4 Turbodiesel
Transmission
3-speed 3N71 automatic (1986.5–1987)
4-speed 4N71 automatic
4-speed RL4R01A automatic
4-speed RE4R01A automatic
5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase
2,649 mm (104.3 in)
Length
4,366 mm (171.9 in)
Width
1,689 mm (66.5 in)
Height
XE: 1,669 mm (65.7 in)
1986–89 SE & LE: 1,679 mm (66.1 in)
1990–95 SE: 1,694 mm (66.7 in)
The first generation Pathfinder was introduced as a two-door SUV, and shared styling and most components with the Nissan Hardbody Truck. Built on a ladder-type frame, the Pathfinder was Nissan's response to the Chevrolet Blazer, Ford Bronco II, Jeep Cherokee, and non-American SUVs like the Toyota 4Runner, Mitsubishi Pajero, and the Isuzu MU.
Before the Pathfinder there was the Nissan Bushmaster (an aftermarket conversion of the Datsun Truck), but they are rare as well. Its optional 4WD system that could be engaged electronically while the vehicle was moving, unique at the time, and a four-speed automatic transmission. All WD21 Pathfinders were available in both 2WD and manually engaged 4WD configurations, with base models installed with a 2.4 L four cylinder engine. In certain countries this generation also came with a 2.7 L I4 Diesel Engine known as the TD27 with the option of a turbocharger installed later in November 1988.
In Japan, it was exclusive to Nissan Bluebird Shop locations, where it was called the Terrano as a smaller companion to the larger Nissan Safari. While the Pathfinder/Terrano was essentially based on the newly introduced Hardbody truck, the rear five link coil suspension was borrowed from the Safari to enhance its off-road abilities. The two door version was installed with the VG30E Nissan V6, that was shared with the Fairlady ZX.
As the Japanese market Terrano was regarded as a luxury vehicle, with an emphasis on outdoor leisure activities, the Terrano was introduced to Japanese buyers as an off-road, back country Fairlady ZX. Ownership costs to Japanese drivers are expensive due to the exterior dimensions exceeding dimension regulations and the engine displacement incurring a higher annual road tax obligation. To emphasize this marketing approach, the Terrano was available with options not normally found on other budget-minded vehicles. Some of the upmarket Japanese-model options were climate-controlled air conditioning, electrically powered windows, seats, door locks, and, in 1993, Recaro seats. Nissan's sports division Autech added special equipment packages, introducing the "Wide R3M Urban" and the "AJ Limited". The emphasis on luxury was partly due to a strong economy in Japan, in what is now regarded as the Japanese "bubble economy".
In 1987, the first generation Terrano was entered in the 9th Paris to Dakar rally race, with continued entries in rally races for many years, winning multiple times in its category.
The four-door Pathfinder was introduced in October 1989 to enhance the Pathfinder's market appeal, but the overall vehicle length and wheelbase were not extended to accommodate the rear doors. At its introduction to North America, 1985 to 1989 Pathfinders came with a two-door body. In early 1990 it became only a four door. Some US 1990 Pathfinders came with the two door body, but they are rare.
When the four door version was introduced, Nissan chose to conceal the door handles as a part of the "C" pillar trim to visually make it appear like a two-door truck with a camper shell, with the conventional door handles on the front doors. This design tradition is still used on all Nissan SUVs currently offered, including the Nissan Armada, Nissan Juke, Nissan Terrano II, and the Nissan Xterra. The front doors were slightly shortened to accommodate the rear doors.
From 1985 to 1989 Pathfinders were available with either the Nissan VG30i 3.0 L V6 (143 hp (107 kW), 162 lb⋅ft (220 N⋅m) torque), or the Nissan Z24i 2.4 L (106 hp (79 kW)) I4 (the same engine choices as the Nissan Hardbody Truck). In 1990 the V6 received an upgrade from throttle body injection to a multi point fuel injection system. This engine was known as the VG30E, and was rated at 153 hp (114 kW) and 180 lb⋅ft (244 N⋅m) torque. Also in 1990, the Z24i was replaced with the KA24E. The first generation continued until 1995.
Facelifts[edit]
A facelift occurred in 1990 when the 4-door model was introduced. The front grille was revised, numerous interior trim level options became available and numerous exterior packages were offered by dealerships. The 1993 models received a third brake light and the 1994 models received a curved dashboard.
1986–1989 Nissan Pathfinder 2-door
1993–1995 Nissan Pathfinder 4-door
Nissan Terrano
Nissan Terrano
Second generation R50 series (1996–2004)[edit]
Second generation (R50)
Overview
Manufacturer
Nissan
Also called
Nissan Terrano
Infiniti QX4
Production
October 1995 – August 2004
Assembly
Nissan Shatai, Kanda, Fukuoka, Japan
Barcelona, Spain
Designer
Jerry Hirschberg, Yoshio Maezawa (1992, facelift: 1997)
Body and chassis
Body style
5-door SUV
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine
3.3 L VG33E V6
3.5 L VQ35DE V6
2.7 L TD27ETi I4 Turbodiesel
3.0 L ZD30DDTi I4 Turbodiesel
3.2 L QD32ETi I4 Turbodiesel
Transmission
4-speed automatic
5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase
2,700 mm (106.3 in)
Length
1999–2002: 4,529 mm (178.3 in)
2000–04: 4,641 mm (182.7 in)
Width
2000–04: 1,821 mm (71.7 in)
2000–04 XE: 1,770 mm (69.7 in)
1996–99: 1,839 mm (72.4 in)
1999–2002 XE: 1,745 mm (68.7 in)
Height
2003–04 SE: 1,847 mm (72.7 in)
2000–04 LE & 2000–01 SE: 1,801 mm (70.9 in)
2000–01 XE: 1,725 mm (67.9 in)
1999–2002 XE & 1998–99 LE: 1,704 mm (67.1 in)
1999–2002 SE & 1999–2000 LE: 1,725 mm (67.9 in)
The second generation Pathfinder was introduced in late 1995 with more rounded styling. It was completely redesigned from the first generation, switching from body on frame construction to unibody construction. The engine was upgraded to the VG33E, with 168 hp (125 kW) and 196 lb⋅ft (266 N⋅m) torque. For the 1999½ model year, the Pathfinder was freshened. In 2000, model year 2001 brought a new 240 hp (179 kW) V6 engine, the VQ35DE. With its facelift, the Pathfinder also grew in size, making way for the compact Xterra.
Diesel engines continued to be used in Japanese and European models.
As of the 2002 model year, the Terrano / Pathfinder was no longer sold in Japan, and was available in North America, Europe and the Middle East. The market position held by the Terrano in Japan was replaced by the Nissan Murano in 2002. The Japanese market Terrano and high luxury content Terrano Regulus saw demand drop significantly due to the hard economic times felt in Japan, known as the Lost Decade. Nissan offered a smaller, off-road vehicle to its Japanese customer base who enjoyed the Pathfinder when it introduced the Nissan X-Trail in 2000.
Facelifts[edit]
The Pathfinder was given a significant facelift for the 1999.5 model year with a new front fascia two grille variants, rear fascia, and interior. Another facelift occurred in 2001 (MY 2002), when the updated Nissan logo was added and received a bolder grille versus the 1999½ model, as well as a new steering wheel and radio display.
Nissan Terrano StarFire
2001 Nissan Pathfinder Ti (Australia)
1999-2001 Nissan Pathfinder SE
2001–2004 Nissan Pathfinder
Infiniti QX4/Terrano Regulus[edit]
1997–2000 Infiniti QX4
Infiniti QX4
Overview
Manufacturer
Nissan
Also called
Nissan Terrano
Production
September 1996–November 2002
Assembly
Japan
Body and chassis
Class
Mid-size luxury SUV
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel-drive/ four-wheel-drive
Related
Nissan Pathfinder
Chronology
Successor
Infiniti QX56
Infiniti QX60
The Infiniti QX4 is a mid-size luxury SUV introduced in September 1996 and based on the unibody Nissan Pathfinder. It was released following Acura's introduction of the SLX and Lexus's larger LX 450. The QX4 was Infiniti's first entry into the SUV market segment.
In Japan it was sold as the Nissan Terrano Regulus. As the Japanese market Terrano was exclusive to Japanese Nissan dealerships called Nissan Bluebird Store, the Terrano Regulus was briefly offered at Nissan Motor Store, which was a luxury-oriented network. Major differences between these vehicles and the Pathfinder include a more upscale interior, and unique styling. Although marketed as a luxury vehicle, it has good off-road capability due to its low-range four-wheel-drive system and 8.3 inches (211 mm) of ground clearance.
Year-to-year changes[edit]
2001 Nissan Terrano Regulus (JDM)
Nissan Terrano Regulus Starfire (JDM)
The QX4 received its first major update in 2000 for model year 2001, with a new VQ series engine (also later seen in the G35 and FX35) increasing its power from a relatively low 168 horsepower (125 kW) to a 240 hp (179 kW) V6 engine. The displacement went from 3.3 L to 3.5 L. The timing belt was replaced with a timing chain and the ignition distributor was replaced with an individual coil ignition system.
This facelift also gave the QX4 an updated exterior and interior body style, including a new dash with integrated analog clock, 17-inch (423 mm) alloy wheels and xenon HID headlamps. In Japan, the Terrano Regulus trim package was no longer offered. Also, a rear-wheel drive QX4 model was added (1997 through 2000 were only available in 4WD).
2002 Infiniti QX: Cruise control designed to maintain a set distance from other traffic was the main addition for 2002. The QX4 shared Nissan's Intelligent Cruise Control with Infiniti's flagship Q45 sedan. Employing laser sensors, the system was designed to automatically speed or slow the QX4 to keep it a constant distance from cars ahead. Also new for 2002 was a revised audio system, plus audio controls for the available leather/wood steering wheel. The optional rear-seat video entertainment system offered a choice of VCR or DVD player.
2003 Infiniti QX: Additional standard equipment for 2003 included curtain-type side airbags, available for the first time. New standard equipment that had previously been part of the Premium Package included 17-inch wheels, a driver-seat memory system, and a leather/woodgrain steering wheel with audio controls. Options included heated front/rear seats and a videotape or DVD rear-seat entertainment system. A power moonroof that came standard.
The QX4 was discontinued in 2003, and its position in price was taken by the FX35/45 crossover SUV. The last QX4 was manufactured during November 2002.[citation needed] The QX4 was succeeded by the larger QX56 in 2004.
Third generation R51 series (2005–2012)[edit]
Third generation (R51)
Overview
Production
30 August 2004 – August 2012
Model years
2005–2012
Assembly
Smyrna, Tennessee, United States (2005–2012)
Barcelona, Spain (2004–2014)
Designer
Kiyoshi Yanase (2002)[4]
Body and chassis
Body style
4-door SUV
Layout
Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Platform
Nissan F-Alpha platform
Related
Infiniti QX56
Nissan Armada
Nissan Frontier
Nissan Titan
Nissan Xterra
Powertrain
Engine
4.0 L VQ40DE V6
2.5 L YD25DDTi I4 Turbodiesel (export models)
5.6 L VK56DE V8
3.0 L V9X V6 turbodiesel (export models)
Transmission
5-speed RE5R05A automatic
7-speed RE7R01B automatic (V9X only)
6-speed FS6R31A manual (export models)
Dimensions
Wheelbase
2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length
2005–07: 4,765 mm (187.6 in)
2008–2012: 4,890 mm (192.5 in)
Width
2005–07: 1,849 mm (72.8 in)
2008–2012: 1,849 mm (72.8 in)
Height
S & SE 4WD: 72.8 in
SE Off-Road: 1,862 mm (73.3 in)
LE 4WD: 1,852 mm (72.9 in)
S & SE 2WD: 1,839 mm (72.4 in)
LE 2WD: 1,842 mm (72.5 in)
In August 2003, Nissan unveiled Dunehawk Concept and showcased it at the IAA 2003 in Frankfurt (R51 design patents filed 8 September 2003), previewing the next Pathfinder's design. At the 2004 North American International Auto Show, Nissan unveiled a completely redesigned Pathfinder for the 2005 model year. The new R51 Pathfinder uses the Nissan F-Alpha platform, thus returning to a body on frame construction. It is powered by a 4.0 L V6 engine VQ40DE (266 hp (198 kW), 288 lb⋅ft (390 N⋅m)) or a 2.5 L YD25DDTi (126 kW (171 PS; 169 hp), 403 N⋅m (297 lb⋅ft)) Turbo Diesel.[5]
The larger Pathfinder Armada debuted in late 2004, but was based on the Titan full-sized pickup truck and dropped the "Pathfinder" prefix in 2005.
The Pathfinder is sold as the Terrano in many markets outside of North America. In 2013, when the redesigned Pathfinder was released the Pathfinder name became international as it sold worldwide. These were the first to be sold in the UK.
The 2005 model introduced a third row of seats to the Pathfinder line for the first time.
2008 facelift (US and Middle East)[edit]
The facelifted 2008 Nissan Pathfinder debuted at the 2007 Chicago Auto Show. Some of the badge positions on the rear liftgate were tweaked some, and this version also received the Titan's 5.6-liter V8 engine rated at 310 hp (231 kW) and 388 lb⋅ft (526 N⋅m).
2010 facelift (Europe, South America, Asia/Oceania, Caribbean)[edit]
An updated version debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in 2010, now available with the Nissan V9X Engine 3.0-litre V6 turbo-diesel producing 228 hp (170 kW) and 406 ft·lbf (550 Nm) at 1,750 - 2,500 rpm while an upgraded YD25DDTi Turbodiesel producing 188 hp (140 kW) – up 19 hp (14 kW) – while torque increases by 35 ft·lbf (47 Nm) to 332 ft·lbf (450 Nm) is also available. Over the combined cycle manual versions use 8.4 L/100 km – an improvement of 1.4 L/100 km – while CO2 emissions have fallen by 40g/km to 224 g/km. Both figures are class competitive. A version of the engine with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) is also available in certain markets.
The R51 series Pathfinder continues to be sold and produced outside North America.
Exterior changes[edit]
The revised models have been given a new look front and rear to differentiate them from their predecessors. Changes at the front include a new bonnet, revised grille and a new bumper assembly. Adding 80 mm to the length of both models, the bumper is more rounded and lends a more sporting touch to the cars.
A new headlamp design with projectors is offered for Xenon lamps. Headlamps washers now pop up from beneath body color moulding in the bumpers. A new 18-inch (460 mm) alloy wheel complements the existing range of 16 inch (steel and alloy) and 17 inch (alloy) designs. V8 models are given a discreet V8 badge at the leading edge of both front doors and a new side moulding across the doors.
2008 Nissan Pathfinder V8
Interior
Nissan Pathfinder ST-L
Fourth generation R52 series (2013–present)[edit]
Fourth generation (R52)
Nissan Pathfinder Ti 2WD (Australia)
Overview
Production
September 2012–present (USA)
Fall 2013-2014 (Hybrid only)
Model years
2013–present
2014 only for Hybrid
Assembly
United States: Smyrna, Tennessee (Nissan USA)
Russia: Saint-Petersburg (since late 2014)
Designer
Alfonso Albaisa (2010)[6]
Body and chassis
Body style
4-door Crossover
Layout
Front engine, front-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Platform
Nissan F-Alpha platform
Powertrain
Engine
2.5 L QR25DER I4 (gasoline hybrid)
3.5 L VQ35DE V6 (gasoline)
2.5 L YD25DDTi I4-T (diesel)
Transmission
CVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase
2,900 mm (114.2 in)
Length
5,009 mm (197.2 in)
Width
1,961 mm (77.2 in)
Height
1,768 mm (69.6 in)
2013 Pathfinder concept
Nissan Pathfinder Ti 4WD (Australia)
A redesigned Pathfinder went on sale in late October 2012 as a 2013 model. Just like the second generation Pathfinder, it once again moved away from a body-on-frame, truck-based SUV and adopted a unibody design. It rides on the same platform as the Infiniti QX60, Altima, Maxima, Murano and Quest. This generation Pathfinder has an interior similar to the second generation Murano, the Infiniti QX60, and some more SUVs and sedans. The third row has more leg room than the Nissan Rogue.
A concept, nearly identical to the eventual production model, was first revealed at the 2012 North American International Auto Show. Retail availability was scheduled for September 2012. The new Pathfinder is only available with a VQ35DE 3.5-Liter V6 engine producing 260 hp (194 kW) and 240 lb-ft (325 Nm) of torque. City, highway and combined average fuel economy numbers are 20 (City), 26 (Highway) and 22 (Combined) mpg for the FWD version and 19 (City), 25 (Highway) and 21 (Combined) mpg for the 4WD version. The Pathfinder is now significantly lighter than the previous generation, with the FWD model weighing 4149 pounds, while the 4WD Pathfinder weighs 4290 pounds.
This generation also abandons the door handles that were placed on the C pillar that were present in the previous three generations. As of 2015 the R52 series is only available in North America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea and the Middle East. It has not been scheduled to go on sale in Japan and nor assembled there.
2014 model year update[edit]
Changes to the US 2014 model include:[7][8][9]
This section may have been copied and pasted from http://nissannews.com/en-US/nissan/usa/presskits/us-2014-nissan-pathfinder-press-kit (DupDet · CopyVios), possibly in violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy. Please remedy this by editing this article to remove any non-free copyrighted content and attributing free content correctly, or flagging the content for deletion. Please be sure that the supposed source of the copyright violation is not itself a Wikipedia mirror. (March 2017)
New SL Tech Package, featuring Bose® Premium Audio System, Nissan Navigation System, voice recognition, XM NavTraffic and NavWeather capability (SiriusXM subscription required, sold separately), Zagat® Restaurant Survey, Bluetooth® Streaming Audio and 8.0-inch color touchscreen monitor
Offered in four models: S, SV, SL and Platinum (each available in 4WD and 2WD); Pathfinder Hybrid offered in SV, SL and Platinum (4WD and 2WD)[10]
3.5-liter V6 models available late summer 2013
Pathfinder Hybrid available fall 2013
Pathfinder utilizes a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) transmission made by Jatco; early versions of this CVT have proved to be problematic to the point of requiring replacement by Nissan in some 2013 and 2014 model years due to a hydraulic line size issue.
Canadian models of 2014 Pathfinder includes Pathfinder 3.5-litre 4WD V6 X, Pathfinder V6 S; 2014 Pathfinder Hybrid includes SV and Platinum Premium.[11]
The Nissan Pathfinder is now sold in some African, Asian and Middle Eastern markets. Locally built Pathfinder entered Russian market in November 2014[12]
Pathfinder Hybrid (Limited and Late availability)[edit]
Introduced for model year 2014, the Pathfinder Hybrid, available in 2-wheel drive and 4-wheel drive configurations, uses a supercharged 2.5-liter four-cylinder gasoline engine and an electric motor paired to a compact lithium-ion battery. The Li-ion battery fits under the 3rd row seat, with no effect on space used for cargo or passengers. The Pathfinder Hybrid will also had hybrid emblems and hybrid LED taillights versus the non-hybrid model.
The hybrid system uses a Nissan Intelligent Dual Clutch System (one motor / two clutch parallel system) that manages power from both the electric motor and the gas engine. The 15 kW (20 hp) electric motor and gas engine work in tandem to provide performance similar to the non-hybrid Pathfinder's 3.5-liter gasoline V6. The system is rated at net 250 hp (190 kW) and 243 N⋅m (179 lb⋅ft) of torque—versus the 3.5-liter V6 ratings of 260 hp (190 kW) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Nissan discontinued the Pathfinder Hybrid after the 2014 model year due to poor sales in the United States (discontinued after the 2015 model year in Canada and in other global markets except Australia and New Zealand).
2017 facelift[edit]
2017 Facelift
For model year 2017, the Nissan Pathfinder received an exterior update which includes a new fascia with restyled headlights and taillights and a new direct-injected V6 engine with CVT—outputting 284 hp (212 kW) and 259 lb⋅ft (351 N⋅m). The headlights had LED projector low beam headlamps and LED daytime running lights standard on Platinum trim levels while S, SV, and SL trim levels offer restyled halogen projector headlights with LED daytime running lights. Restyled LED taillights will be standard on Platinum trim levels, and all 2017 Pathfinders will also have new exterior colors added. The 2017 Nissan Pathfinder also has new LED fog lamps which are available on all trim levels except the base S. The interior also has redesigned cup holders. A Motion Activated Liftgate is also now standard on SL and Platinum trim levels only as part of the power liftgate. The 2017 model year is also its 30th anniversary for the Nissan Pathfinder but there won't be any 30th anniversary special edition model for the 2017 Pathfinder. The Nissan Pathfinder will have a Midnight Edition trim level which will be higher than the Platinum trim level for its base MSRP and arrive in Early 2017 and the Nissan Altima, Sentra, Murano, Maxima and Rogue will also the Midnight Edition trim level added to their trim lineup in Early 2017.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nissan. Nissan in Indonesia". Car-cat.com. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Nissan. Nissan in Indonesia". Car-cat.com. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Doug Wilson (TRAN, '69)". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DESIGN/NEWSLETTER/vol09.pdf
Jump up ^ "Patent USD499987 – Surface configuration of a vehicle body, toy, and/or replica". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Logiurato, Brett. "How Nissan Avoided the Pitfalls of Honda and Toyota, Kept Momentum in 2011". Retrieved 6 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "2014 Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid Offers 26 MPG Combined Fuel Economy and 526-Mile Driving Range – With No Compromise of Performance or Interior Roominess". Nissan Online Newsroom. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ NISSAN MOTOR Co., Ltd. (28 March 2013). "NISSAN – 2014 NISSAN PATHFINDER HYBRID OFFERS 26 MPG COMBINED FUEL ECONOMY AND 526-MILE DRIVING RANGE – WITH NO COMPROMISE OF PERFORMANCE OR INTERIOR ROOMINESS". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Steven J. Ewing. "2014 Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid arrives with supercharged engine, 26 mpg combined". Autoblog. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Brandon Turkus. "2014 Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid priced from $35,110*". Autoblog. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "2014 Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid Press Kit". Nissan Online Newsroom. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nissan Pathfinder are on sale now". Wroom.ru. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nissan Pathfinder.
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[show]
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Nissan road car timeline, European market, 1980s–present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
City car Pixo
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Mid-size SUV Terrano WD21 Pathfinder R50 Pathfinder R51 Pathfinder R52
Full-size SUV Patrol 160 Patrol Y60 Patrol Y61 Patrol Y62
[show]
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Nissan light truck timeline, North American market, 1980s–present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Model year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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NP300
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Note Vehicle sold only in Mexico
[show]
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A division of Nissan
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text:
Zippy (mascot)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Zippy Marsupial
University
University of Akron
Conference
MAC
Description
Kangaroos
First seen
May 1, 1953
Website
http://www.uakron.edu/zippy/
Zippy is the female mascot of the University of Akron athletics team. Zippy is a kangaroo, and was chosen by a committee in 1953.
The school's nickname, "Zips", is a shortening of "Zippers", a pair of rubber overshoes and a brand name of the BF Goodrich Company of Akron. It was originally adopted by the school in 1925 after a contest to give the school a nickname. "Kangaroos" was one of the choices at the time. In 1950, the current nickname was adopted because of the rising popularity of zippers in use on pants. Two years later, a committee suggested the kangaroo as a mascot,[1] and it was accepted by the student council on May 1, 1953. Originally, it was met with derision, as it was not put to a campuswide vote. However, over time, Zippy has become a fan favorite at the school.
"Zippy" has always been a costumed mascot, and currently wears a blue letter-sweater and a gold-and-blue rat cap. In a 2010 interview, she stated The Things They Carried was her favorite band.
In 2007 Zippy was chosen as one of twelve collegiate mascots to compete for Capital One Bowl mascot of the year. With an unprecedented 13–0 record, Zippy was named the winner on January 1, 2008.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Byard, Katie (2014-12-31). "Dick Hansford, 95, originator of UA's Zippy mascot". Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved 2015-01-01.
Jump up ^ Capital one bowl.com Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
[show]
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University of Akron
Established: 1870
[show]
Academics
Colleges
Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences
College of Applied Science and Technology
College of Business Administration
College of Creative and Professional Arts
LeBron James Family Foundation College of Education
College of Health and Human Services
College of Nursing
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
School of Law
School of Music
Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College
University of Akron University College
Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics
Campuses
Main campus (Akron, Ohio)
Northeast Ohio Medical University (Rootstown, Ohio)
Medina County University Center (Medina, Ohio)
Wayne College (Orrville, Ohio)
People
President: Scott L. Scarborough
Notable Alumni
Notable Faculty and Staff
[hide]
Athletics
Facilities
FirstEnergy Stadium–Cub Cadet Field
InfoCision Stadium–Summa Field
James A. Rhodes Arena
Lee R. Jackson Field
Louis and Freda Stile Athletic Field House
Ocasek Natatorium
Traditions
Steel Tire
Wagon Wheel
Zippy (mascot)
Football
Team
Seasons
Head coaches
In the NFL draft
All-Americans
Starting quarterbacks
Basketball
Men
Team
Seasons
In the NBA draft
Women
Team
Seasons
In the WNBA draft
Soccer
Men
Team
Seasons
In the MLS draft
[show]
Student life
Residence halls
Bulger Hall
Exchange Street
Galluci Hall
Garson Hall
Grant Hall
Honors Complex
Orr Hall
Quaker Square
Ritchie Hall
Sisler-McFawn
Spanton Hall
Townhouses
Student organizations
The Buchtelite
Tel-Buch
WZIP
ZTV
Residence Hall Program Board
Zips Programming Network
University of Akron Press
Other
Expansion
Spicertown
University Park Alliance
[show]
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Akron Zips football
Venues
Buchtel Field (1923–1939)
Rubber Bowl (1940–2008)
InfoCision Stadium–Summa Field (2009–present)
Bowls & rivalries
Bowl games
Kent State (Wagon Wheel)
Youngstown State (Steel Tire, 1940–1995)
Culture & lore
Zippy
"Akron Blue and Gold"
Zips Marching Band
People
Head coaches
NFL draftees
Statistical leaders
Seasons
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897–1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904–1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
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1941
1942
1943–1945
1946
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2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
[show]
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Akron Zips men's basketball
Venues
Crouse Gymnasium (1902–1920s)
Akron Armory (1920s–1954)
Memorial Hall (1954–1983)
James A. Rhodes Arena (1983–present)
Culture & lore
History
Zippy
People
Head coaches
NBA draftees
Seasons
1901–02
1902–03
1903–04
1904–05
1905–06
1906–07
1907–08
1908–09
1909–10
1910–11
1911–12
1912–13
1913–14
1914–15
1915–16
1916–17
1917–18
1918–19
1919–20
1920–21
1921–22
1922–23
1923–24
1924–25
1925–26
1926–27
1927–28
1928–29
1929–30
1930–31
1931–32
1932–33
1933–34
1934–35
1935–36
1936–37
1937–38
1938–39
1939–40
1940–41
1941–42
1942–43
1943–44
1942–45
1945–46
1946–47
1947–48
1948–49
1949–50
1950–51
1951–52
1952–53
1953–54
1954–55
1955–56
1956–57
1957–58
1958–59
1959–60
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
1980–81
1981–82
1982–83
1983–84
1984–85
1985–86
1986–87
1987–88
1989–90
1990–91
1991–92
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–00
2000–01
2001–02
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2003–04
2004–05
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2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
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[show]
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Mascots of the Mid-American Conference
East Division
Zippy (Akron)
Freddie and Frieda (Bowling Green)
Victor E. Bull (Buffalo)
Flash the Golden Eagle (Kent State)
Swoop (Miami)
Rufus (Ohio)
West Division
Charlie Cardinal (Ball State)
No mascot (Central Michigan)
Swoop (Eastern Michigan)
Victor E. Huskie (Northern Illinois)
Rocky the Rocket (Toledo)
Buster Bronco (Western Michigan)

This article about a sports, promotional, or other mascot is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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This article related to sports in Ohio is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zippy_(mascot)&oldid=750150259"
Categories:
Mid-American Conference mascots
Akron Zips
Fictional kangaroos and wallabies
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This page was last edited on 18 November 2016, at 02:28.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Cup (unit)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Measuring cups.
Not to be confused with drinking cups, "cup" serving sizes, or measuring cups, which do not necessarily correspond with this unit.
The cup is a United States unit of volume, most commonly associated with cooking and serving sizes. It is traditionally equal to half a liquid pint in US customary units but is now separately defined in terms of the metric system at values between 1⁄5 and 1⁄4 of a liter. Because actual drinking cups may differ greatly from the size of this unit, standard measuring cups are usually used instead.
Contents
[hide]
1 United States
1.1 Legal cup
1.2 Customary cup
2 Commonwealth of Nations
2.1 Metric cup
2.2 Canadian cup
2.3 United Kingdom
3 International
3.1 Latin American cup
3.2 Japanese cup
4 Dry measure
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
United States[edit]
Legal cup[edit]
The cup currently used in the United States for nutrition labelling is defined in United States law as 240 mL.[1][2][3]
1 U.S. "legal" cup = 240 millilitres
= 16 international tablespoons
= 12 Australian tablespoons
≈ 8.12 U.S. customary fluid ounces
≈ 8.45 imperial fluid ounces
Customary cup[edit]
Coffee carafe showing gradiations for measuring water (right) and brewed coffee (left) in multiples of non-standard U.S. customary cups.
In the United States, the customary cup is half of a liquid pint.
1 U.S. customary cup = 1⁄16 U.S. customary gallon
= 1⁄4 U.S. customary quart
= 1⁄2 U.S. customary pint
= 8 U.S. customary fluid ounces
= 16 U.S. customary tablespoons
= 48 U.S. customary teaspoons
≡ 236.5882365 millilitres exactly
≈ 152⁄3 international tablespoons
≈ 11.75 Australian tablespoons
≈ 0.833 imperial cups
≈ 8.33 imperial fluid ounces
A customary "cup" of coffee in the U.S. is usually defined as 4 fluid ounces,[citation needed] brewed using 5 fluid ounces of water. Coffee carafes used with drip coffee makers, such as Black and Decker models, have markings for both water and brewed coffee, since the carafe is also used for measuring water prior to brewing.[4] A 12-cup carafe, for example, has markings for 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cups of water or coffee, which correspond to 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 fluid ounces of water or 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 fluid ounces of brewed coffee, respectively, the difference being the volume lost to evaporation during brewing.
Commonwealth of Nations[edit]
Metric cup[edit]
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and some other members of the Commonwealth of Nations—being former British colonies that have since metricated—employ a "metric cup" of 250 millilitres.[5] Although derived from the metric system, it is not an SI unit.[6]
1 cup = 250 millilitres
= 162⁄3 international tablespoons (15 mL each)
= 12.5 Australian tablespoons (20 mL each)
≈ 8.80 imperial fluid ounces
≈ 8.45 U.S. customary fluid ounces
A "coffee cup" is 1.5 dL or 150 millilitres or 5.07 US customary fluid ounces[citation needed], and is occasionally used in recipes. It is also used in the US to specify coffeemaker sizes (what can be referred to as a Tasse à café). A "12-cup" US coffeemaker makes 57.6 US customary fluid ounces of coffee[citation needed], or 6.8 metric cups of coffee. In older recipes cup may mean "coffee cup".
Canadian cup[edit]
Canada now usually employs the metric cup of 250 mL but its conventional cup was somewhat smaller than both American and imperial units.[7]
1 Canadian cup = 8 imperial fluid ounce = 1/20 imperial gallon = 227.3045 millilitres
1 tablespoon = 1/2 imperial fluid ounce
1 teaspoon = 1/6 imperial fluid ounce
United Kingdom[edit]
In the United Kingdom the standard cup was set at 10 imperial fluid ounces, or half an imperial pint. The cup was rarely used in practice, as historically most kitchens tended to be equipped with scales and ingredients were measured by weight, rather than volume.[8]
International[edit]
Similar units in other languages and cultures are sometimes translated "cup", usually with various values around 1⁄5 to 1⁄4 of a liter.
Latin American cup[edit]
In Latin America, the amount of a "cup" (Spanish: taza or vaso) varies from country to country, with some intending 200 mL, others 250 mL, and still others the US legal or customary amount.
Japanese cup[edit]
See also: Gō
The traditional Japanese unit equated with a "cup" size is the gō, legally equated with 2401/13310 liters (≈180.4 mL) in 1891. It is still used for reckoning amounts of rice and sake. Separately, the Japanese standardized a "cup" defined as 200 mL.
1 Japanese cup = 200 millilitres
≈ 7.04 imperial fluid ounces
≈ 6.76 U.S. customary fluid ounces
Dry measure[edit]
In Europe, recipes normally weigh non-liquid ingredients in grams rather than measuring volume. For example, where an American recipe might specify "1 cup of sugar and 2 cups of milk", a European recipe might specify "200 g sugar and 500 ml of milk" (or 0.5 litre or 5 decilitres). Conversion between the two measures must take into account the density of the ingredients, and some recipes specify both weight and volume to simplify. Many European measuring cups have markings that indicate the weight of common ingredients for the a given volume.
Volume to mass conversions for some common cooking ingredients
ingredient
density
g/ml[a]
metric cup
imperial cup
U.S. customary cup
g
oz
g
oz
g
oz
water[9] 1[b] 249–250 8.8 283–284 10 236.5882 8.3[c]
granulated sugar 0.8[12] 200 7.0 230 8.0 190 6.7
wheat flour 0.5–0.6[12] 120–150 4.4–5.3 140–170 5.0–6.0 120–140 4.2–5.0
table salt 1.2[12] 300 10.6 340 12.0 280 10.0
See also[edit]
Cooking weights and measures
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ One gram per millilitre is very close to one avoirdupois ounce per fluid ounce: 1 g/ml ≈ 1.002 av oz/imp fl oz This is not a numerical coincidence, but comes from the original definition of the kilogram as the mass of one litre of water, and the imperial gallon as the volume occupied by ten avoirdupois pounds of water. The slight difference is due to water at 4 °C (39 °F) being used for the kilogram, and at 62 °F (17 °C) for the imperial gallon. The U.S. fluid ounce is slightly larger.
1 g/ml ≈ 1.043 av oz/U.S. fl oz.
Jump up ^ The density of water ranges from about 0.96 to 1.00 g/ml dependent on temperature and pressure. The table above assumes a temperature range 0–30 °C (32–86 °F). The variation is too small to make any difference in cooking.[10][11]
Jump up ^ Since an imperial cup of water weighs approximately 10 avoirdupois ounces and five imperial cups are approximately equal to six U.S. cups, one U.S. cup of water weighs approximately 81⁄3 avoirdupois ounces.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ (21 CFR 101.9 (b) (5) (viii)
Jump up ^ U.S. Government Printing Office—Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Archived 2009-08-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ U.S. Food and Drug Administration—Guidelines for Determining Metric Equivalents of Household Measures
Jump up ^ "Black and Decker Replacement Carafe". Retrieved 2016-12-30.
Jump up ^ "Standard Australian Cooking Measurements". Retrieved 2014-09-24.
Jump up ^ "coherent units". BIPM. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
Jump up ^ "How Many Tablespoons in a Cup - Easy Conversions". First Health Mag. 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
Jump up ^ Stobart, Tom (1981).The Cook's Encyclopedia, Harper & Row, p.524
Jump up ^ 1 g/ml is a good rough guide for water-based liquids such as milk (the density of milk is about 1.03–1.04 g/ml).
Jump up ^ Water density calculator
Jump up ^ The Physics Factbook
^ Jump up to: a b c L. Fulton, E. Matthews, C. Davis: Average weight of a measured cup of various foods. Home Economics Research Report No. 41, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1977.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cup_(unit)&oldid=832940981"
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