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Covenant (biblical)
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This article is about biblical covenants. For other uses, see Covenant (disambiguation).
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A biblical covenant is a religious covenant that is described in the Bible. All Abrahamic religions consider biblical covenants important. Of the covenants found in the Pentateuch or Torah or the first five books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, the Noahic Covenant is unique in applying to all humanity, while the other covenants are principally agreements made between God and the biblical Israelites.
In the Book of Jeremiah, verses 31:30–33 predict "a new covenant" that God will establish with "the house of Israel". Most Christians believe this New Covenant is the "replacement" or "final fulfilment" of the Old Covenant described in the Old Testament and as applying to the People of God, while some believe both covenants are still applicable in a dual covenant theology.
Contents
[hide]
1 Ancient Near Eastern treaties
1.1 Terminology of covenants
1.2 Dissolving covenant form
2 Number of Biblical covenants
3 Noahic covenant
4 Abrahamic covenant
5 Mosaic covenant
6 Priestly covenant
7 Davidic covenant
8 Christian view
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Ancient Near Eastern treaties[edit]
There are two major types of covenants in the Hebrew Bible, including the obligatory type and the promissory type. The obligatory covenant is more common with the Hittite peoples, and deals with the relationship between two parties of equal standing. In contrast, the promissory type of covenant is seen in the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants. Promissory covenants focus on the relationship between the suzerain and the vassal and are similar to the "royal grant" type of legal document, which include historical introduction, border delineations, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses. In royal grants, the master could reward a servant for being loyal. God rewarded Abraham, Noah, and David in his covenants with them.[1] As part of his covenant with Abraham, God has the obligation to keep Abraham's descendants as God's chosen people and be their God. When taking this oath we see that God is accompanied by a smoking oven and a torch. These were objects used in the procedure of taking an oath much like oaths that involved sacrificing animals while taking the oath. God acts as the suzerain power and is the party of the covenant accompanied by the required action that comes with the oath whether it be fire or animals in the sacrificial oaths. In doing this, God is the party taking upon the curse if he does not uphold his obligation. Through history there were also many instances where the vassal was the one who performed the different acts and took the curse upon them.[2]
Terminology of covenants[edit]
Weinfeld believes that similar terminology and wording can connect the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants with ancient Near Eastern grants, as opposed to being largely similar to the Mosaic covenant, which, according to Weinfeld, is an example of a suzerainty treaty. He goes on to argue that phrases about having a "whole heart" or having "walked after me [God] with all his heart" strongly parallels with Neo-Assyrian grant language, such as "walked with royalty". He further argues that in Jeremiah, God uses prophetic metaphor to say that David will be adopted as a son. Expressing legal and political relationships through familial phraseology was common among Near Eastern cultures. Babylonian contracts often expressed fathership and sonship in their grants to actually mean a king to vassal relationship.[3]
Further underlying the idea that these covenants were grant-like in nature is the similar language used in both. In the grant of Ashurbanipal, an Assyrian, to his servant Bulta, he describes Bulta's loyalty with the phrase "kept the charge of my kinship". Abraham similarly kept God's charge in Genesis 26: 4–5: "I will give to your descendants all these lands...inasmuch as Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my rules and my teachings."[4]
Furthermore, in Jeremiah, God says, through prophetic metaphor, that David will be adopted as a son. Expressing legal and political relationships through familial phraseology was common among Near Eastern cultures. Babylonian contracts often expressed fathership and sonship, in their grants to actually mean a king to vassal relationship.[5]
Dissolving covenant form[edit]
According to Mendhenhall, pressures from outside invaders led the loosely bound Israelite tribes to converge into monarchical unity for stability and solidarity. He also argues that during this consolidation, the new state also had to unify the religious traditions that belonged to the different groups to prevent dissent from those who might believe that the formation of a state would replace direct governance from God. Therefore, Mendenhall continues, these loosely bound tribes merged under the Mosaic covenant to legitimize their unity. They believed that to obey the law was to obey God. They also believed that the king was put into power as a result of God's benefaction, and that this accession was the fulfillment of God's promise of dynasty to David. Mendenhall also notes that a conflict arose between those who believed in the Davidic covenant, and those who believed that God would not support all actions of the state. As a result, both sides became relatively aloof, and the Davidic covenant and the Mosaic covenant were almost entirely forgotten.[6]
Number of Biblical covenants[edit]
Students of the Bible hold wildly differing opinions as to how many major covenants exist (or did exist) between God and humanity, with numbers ranging from one to at least twelve. [7] (See covenant theology and dispensationalism for further information on two of the major viewpoints.)
Noahic covenant[edit]
Noah's Thanksoffering (c.1803) by Joseph Anton Koch. Noah builds an altar to the Lord after being delivered from the Flood; God sends the rainbow as a sign of his covenant.
See also: Genesis flood narrative § Rainbow covenant, and Seven Laws of Noah
The Noahic covenant[Gen 9:8–17] applies to all of humanity and to all other living creatures.[8] In this covenant, God promises never again to destroy all life on Earth by flood[9:11] and creates the rainbow as the sign of this "everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth".[9:12–17]
Abrahamic covenant[edit]
Main article: Covenant of the pieces
The covenant found in Genesis 12–17 is known as the Brit bein HaBetarim, the "Covenant Between the Parts" in Hebrew, and is the basis for brit milah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his seed, or offspring,[9] both of natural birth and adoption.[10]
In Genesis chapters 12–17 three covenants can be distinguished based on the differing Jahwist, Elohist and Priestly sources.[11] In Genesis 12 and 15, God grants Abraham land and a multitude of descendants but does not place any stipulations (unconditional) on Abraham for the covenant's fulfillment. By contrast, Genesis 17 contains the covenant of circumcision (conditional).
1. To make of Abraham a great nation and bless Abraham and make his name great so that he will be a blessing, to bless those who bless him and curse him who curses him and all peoples on earth would be blessed through Abraham.[Gen 12:1–3]
2. To give Abraham's descendants all the land from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates.[Gen 15:18–21] Later, this land came to be referred to as the Promised Land (see map) or the Land of Israel.
3. To make Abraham the father of many nations and of many descendants and give "the whole land of Canaan" to his descendants.[Gen 17:2–9] Circumcision is to be the permanent sign of this everlasting covenant with Abraham and his male descendants and is known as the brit milah.[Gen 17:9–14]
Covenants in biblical times were often sealed by severing an animal, with the implication that the party who breaks the covenant will suffer a similar fate. In Hebrew, the verb meaning to seal a covenant translates literally as "to cut". It is presumed by Jewish scholars that the removal of the foreskin symbolically represents such a sealing of the covenant.[12]
According to Weinfeld, the Abraham covenant represents a covenant of grant, which binds the suzerain. It is the obligation of the master to his servant and involves gifts given to individuals who were loyal serving their masters. In the covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15, it is God who is the suzerain who commits himself and swears to keep the promise. In the covenant there are procedures of taking the oath, which involve a smoking oven and a blazing torch. There are many similarities between Genesis 15 and the Abba-El deed. Genesis 15 and similarly in the Abba-El deed it is the superior party who places himself under oath. Also the oaths in both involve a situation where the inferior party is delivering the animals while the superior swears the oath. The Abraham covenant is part of a tradition of covenantal sacrifices, which dates back to the third millennium BC. The animals that are slaughtered in the covenant in Genesis 15 are considered a sacrificial offering. The covenant in Genesis 15 preserve the sacrificial element alongside the symbolic act.[2]
Mosaic covenant[edit]
The Ten Commandments on a monument on the grounds of the Texas State Capitol
Main article: Mosaic covenant
See also: Ten Commandments, 613 commandments, and Law of Moses
The Mosaic covenant, found in Exodus 19–24 and the book of Deuteronomy, contains the foundations of the written Torah and the Oral Torah. In this covenant, God promises to make the Israelites his treasured possession among all people[Exo 19:5] and "a kingdom of priests and a holy nation"[Exo 19:6], if they follow God's commandments. As part of the terms of this covenant, God gives Moses the Ten Commandments. These will later be elaborated on in the rest of the Torah.
The form of the covenant resembles the suzerainty treaty in the ancient Near East.[13] Like the treaties, the Ten Commandments begins with Yahweh's identification and what he had done for Israel ("who brought you out of the land of Egypt"; Ex 20:2) as well as the stipulations commanding absolute loyalty ("You shall not have other gods apart from me"). Unlike the suzerainty treaty, the Decalogue does not have any witness nor explicit blessings and curses.[14] The fullest account of the Mosaic covenant is given in the book of Deuteronomy.
God gave the children of Israel the Shabbat as the permanent sign of this covenant.[Exo 31:12–17]
Priestly covenant[edit]
Main article: Priestly covenant
The priestly covenant[15] (Hebrew: ברית הכהונה brith ha-kehuna) is the covenant that God made with Aaron and his descendants, the Aaronic priesthood, as found in the Hebrew Bible and Oral Torah. The Hebrew Bible also mentions another perpetual priestly promise with Phinehas and his descendants.[16][17]
Davidic covenant[edit]
See also: David § Jerusalem and the Davidic covenant
The Davidic covenant[2Sam 7] establishes David and his descendants as the kings of the united monarchy of Israel[Jer 33:17–21] (which included Judah). The Davidic covenant is an important element in Jewish messianism and Christian theology. In Jewish eschatology, the messiah is believed to be a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who will be anointed with holy anointing oil, gather the Jews back into the Land of Israel, usher in an era of peace, build the Third Temple, have a male heir, re-institute the Sanhedrin and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age.
Christian view[edit]
Christian theologian John F. Walvoord maintains that the Davidic covenant deserves an important place in determining the purposes of God and that its exegesis confirms the doctrine of a future reign of Christ on earth.[18] While Jewish theologians have always held that Jesus did not fulfill the expectations of a Jewish messiah, the position of Dispensational (historically-grammatically literal) Biblical theologians is almost unanimous that Jesus will fully fulfill the Davidic covenant, the provisions of which Walvoord lists as:
David is to have a child, yet to be born, who shall succeed him and establish his kingdom.
A son (Solomon) shall build the temple instead of David.
The throne of his kingdom shall be established forever.
The throne will not be taken away from him (Solomon) even though his sins justify chastisement.
David’s house, throne, and kingdom shall be established forever (2 Samuel 7:16).[18]
The New Covenant is a biblical interpretation originally derived from a phrase in the Book of Jeremiah, in the Hebrew Scriptures. It is often thought of as an eschatological Messianic Age or world to come and is related to the biblical concept of the Kingdom of God.
Generally, Christians believe that the New Covenant was instituted at the Last Supper as part of the Eucharist, which in the Gospel of John includes the New Commandment. A connection between the Blood of Christ and the New Covenant is seen in most modern English translations of the New Testament[19] with the saying: "this cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood".[20]
Christians see Jesus as the mediator of this New Covenant, and that his blood, shed at his crucifixion is the required blood of the covenant: as with all covenants between God and man described in the Bible, the New Covenant is considered "a bond in blood sovereignly administered by God".[21] It has been theorized that the New Covenant is the Law of Christ as spoken during his Sermon on the Mount.[22]
See also[edit]
Covenant theology
Covenantal theology (Roman Catholic)
Covenantal nomism
Covenant (Latter Day Saints)
Christian views on the Old Covenant
New Covenant
Oaths in Jewish tradition
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Weinfeld, M. (2005). Normative and Sectarian Judaism in the Second Temple Period. United States: T & T Clark International.
^ Jump up to: a b Weinfeld, M. (1970). "The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient near East". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 90 (2): 196–199.
Jump up ^ Weinfeld, M. (n.d.). "The Covenant Grant in the Old Testament and Ancient Near East". American Oriental Society.
Jump up ^ Weinfeld, M. (April–June 1970). "The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient near East". American Oriental Society. 90 (2): 186–188.
Jump up ^ Weinfield, M. (April–June 1970). The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient near East (PDF) (Vol 90 ed.). Jerusalem: American Oriental Society. pp. 184–203. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Mendenhall, George E. (September 1954). "Covenant Forms in Israelite Tradition". The Biblical Archaeologist. New Haven, Conn.: The American Schools of Oriental Research. 17 (3): 70–73. doi:10.2307/3209151. JSTOR 3209151.
Jump up ^ http://theologyonline.com/showthread.php?1653-ARCHIVE-The-Twelve-Dispensations-By-Bob-Hill
Jump up ^ Jenkins, Everett (2003). The creation: secular, Jewish, Catholic, Protestant, and Muslim perspectives analyzed. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 283. ISBN 0-7864-1042-6.
Jump up ^ "Blue Letter Bible: Dictionary and Word Search for zera` (Strong's 2233)". 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
Jump up ^ Genesis 17:11–13 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
Jump up ^ Michael D. Coogan, A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 62–68
Jump up ^ "Circumcision." Mark Popovsky. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Ed. David A. Leeming, Kathryn Madden and Stanton Marlan. New York: Springer, 2010. pp. 153–154.
Jump up ^ Kline, Meredith. "Deuteronomy". The Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary
Jump up ^ Michael D. Coogan, "A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament" page 103, Oxford University Press, 2009
Jump up ^ Qumran and Jerusalem: studies in the Dead Sea scrolls p. 248 Lawrence H. Schiffman – 2010 This priestly covenant is also echoed in the poem in 1QM 17:2–3 that refers to the eternal priestly covenant. ... Num 18:19).57 That the priestly “covenant of salt,” a biblical expression denoting a permanent covenant,58 is to be ...
Jump up ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Phinehas: "...for this act he was approved by God and was rewarded with the divine promise that the priesthood should remain in his family forever (Num. xxv. 7–15)."
Jump up ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Covenant: "The term "berit" ... refers chiefly to God's covenant made with Israel, and with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Phineas, and David (Derek Ereẓ Zuṭa, i., end)."
^ Jump up to: a b Walvoord, John F. "Eschatological Problems VII: The Fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant." Web: 19 Mar 2010. Eschatological Problems VII: The Fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant
Jump up ^ but not in the KJV for example
Jump up ^ Luke 22:20
Jump up ^ This definition of covenant is from O. Palmer Robertson's book The Christ of the Covenants. It has become an accepted definition among modern scholars. See this critical review of his book by Dr. C. Matthew McMahon.
Jump up ^ George R. Law, “The Form of the New Covenant in Matthew,” American Theological Inquiry 5:2 (2012).
Further reading[edit]
Paul Fiddes (1985). 'Covenant – Old and New', in P. Fiddes, R. Hayden, R. Kidd, K. Clements, and B. Haymes, Bound to love: the covenant basis of Baptist life and mission, pp. 9–23. London: Baptist Union.
Truman G. Madsen and Seth Ward (2001). Covenant and Chosenness in Judaism and Mormonism. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0-8386-3927-5.
External links[edit]
Jewish Encyclopedia: Covenant
Nave's Topical Bible on covenants
"What is a Covenant" from Kingdom Prologue by Meredith G. Kline (Reformed perspective)
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The Sorcerer and the White Snake
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The Sorcerer and the White Snake
Traditional
白蛇傳說之法海
Simplified
白蛇传说之法海
Mandarin
Bái Shé Chuán Shuō Zhī Fǎ Hǎi
Cantonese
Baak6 Se4 Cyun4 Syut3 Zi1 Faat3 Hoi2
Directed by
Ching Siu-tung
Produced by
Chui Po-chu
Yang Zi
Written by
Charcoal Tan
Tsang Kan-cheung
Szeto Cheuk-hon
Based on
Legend of the White Snake
Starring
Jet Li
Eva Huang
Raymond Lam
Charlene Choi
Wen Zhang
Vivian Hsu
Music by
Mark Lui
Cinematography
Venus Keung
Edited by
Angie Lam
Production
company
China Juli Entertainment Media
Distributed by
Distribution Workshop[1]
Release date
3 September 2011 (2011-09-03) (Venice Film Festival)
28 September 2011 (2011-09-28) (China)
29 September 2011 (2011-09-29) (Hong Kong)
Running time
120 minutes
Country
China[2]
Hong Kong
Language
Mandarin
Budget
HK$200 million[3]
Box office
US$32,172,621 (worldwide)[4]
The Sorcerer and the White Snake, previously known as It's Love and Madame White Snake, is a 2011 action fantasy film directed by Ching Siu-tung and starring Jet Li.[5] It is based on the Chinese legend, Legend of the White Snake. Production started in September 10, 2010[6] and ended on January 16, 2011.[7] The film is in 3-D[8] and was shown out of competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival on 3 September 2011.[9] It was released in mainland China on 28 September 2011 and Hong Kong on 29 September.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Abbott Fahai and his assistant Neng Ren head towards a blizzard through a magical door. An ice harpy appears at the top of the mountains and turns the impetuous Neng Ren into an ice statue. She then reveals her past and reasons to kill all men. Unable to persuade the ice harpy to turn over a new leaf, Fahai is forced to fight her. The battle ends with Fahai capturing the ice harpy using a demon trapper, which releases Neng Ren from ice. Neng Ren is then tasked to confine the ice harpy at Lei Feng Pagoda, and the master and assistant head back to the door which disappears after closing behind them. At the Pagoda, Neng Ren transfers the ice harpy from the demon trapper into the magic circle, which holds other trapped demons in it.
On the other side of the mountain, two female snake demons (Qingqing and Susu) are playing around, enjoying their time when they spot a physician, Xu Xian, picking herbs at the foot of the mountain with his friends. Qingqing, being a playful snake, scares him, causing him to fall into the lake below. Susu, being gentler, assumes human form and kisses Xu Xian which allows Vital Essence to flow from her into his body thus saving him. Soon, Xu Xian wakes up and tells his friends about being kissed by a beautiful girl, which only makes them laugh.
After finding a victim of a bat demon, Fahai and Neng Ren leave the temple immediately to subdue the bat demon to avoid more casualties. Xu Xian comes across them and offers a boat ride to the city. Susu starts thinking about the day she kissed Xu Xian and decides to head to the city to find him. Meanwhile, while Qingqing is exploring the city, she came across Neng Ren and decided to help him subdue the bat demon by revealing its location. Neng Ren defeats the bat demon's cohorts, but is unable to subdue the bat demon king who bites him. Though he is subsequently saved by Fahai, Neng Ren starts turning into a bat demon himself the next day and decides to run away.
In the meanwhile, after a series of pranks, Xu Xian recognizes Susu and they spend the night together, which is rather unfortunate for Xu Xian because he does not know that he was making love to a snake in a human form.
Neng Ren is found by Qinqing and the two befriend each other. They realize that Neng Ren, despite becoming a bat demon, still has all his human taste for human food, and most of his human qualities. Meanwhile, Xu Xian and Susu wed. Shortly after Fahai saw that Xu Xian's medicines has mysterious substance after that, he gives Xu Xian a dagger that can kill demons. Susu is then chased by Fahai, who tells her to leave Xu Xian and sparing her. When she doesn't, Fahai and his disciples invade her and Xu Xian's cottage. Susu fights the battle in her snake form, but is stabbed by Xu Xian unaware of her true identity. Susu escapes but is gravely injured. Xu Xian, after realizing what he has done, decides to get the spirit root to heal her.
Helped by Susu's friend, a mouse, Xu Xian manages to retrieve a root kept inside the Lei Feng Pagoda that could save Susu, but is possessed by demons since the root was the thing that kept the demons in place. Fahai and the other monks capture Xu Xian and prepare to cast spells to banish the demons from his body. Susu recovers and she goes to find Xu Xian along with Qinqing. They are confronted by Fahai, who tries to explain to them that the spell should not be broken before it is complete. Susu, however, does not believe him and accuses him of trying to separate them so the two sisters start battling Fahai. Susu and Qingqin decide to flood the temple since Fahai won't let go of Xu Xian. After countless wounds Fahai lies back exhausted. As he looks around he sees Neng Ren helping to save his former colleagues, the monks of the temple who were trying to complete the spell to release Xu Xian from the demons. He looks up at the sky and questions whether he was right to have been a demon hunter all his life.
Susu releases Xu Xian from the spell after which Xu Xian does not have any memory of Susu. Susu blames this on Fahai, after which they have one last battle. Fahai manages to trap Susu in the temple of Lei Feng Pagoda. At this point, Susu repents and asks to see Xu Xian just one last time, as she could accepted any punishments as long as she could see him for the last time. Simultaneously, Fahai gets the answer to his question and understands what he must do. Filled with the divine spirit, he lifts up the pagoda to allow Susu's last wish to come true.
After a brief reunion with Xu Xian, she tells him of her story of having meditated for a thousand years before she met him. She tells him that it was all worth less than a moment with him, that even he doesn't remember her, her memory of love with him is enough, and that even if she has to die or live with pain, she won't regret how much she has to suffer to see him one last time. She kisses him, causing him to remember everything. As the pair go to kiss one last time Susu is sucked back into the temple, leaving Xu Xian chasing her as both cry and reach out for each other.
Qingqing, watching all this from a distance with Neng Ren, tells him that she doesn't want to love anyone as her sister loved Xu Xian, and leaves saying that he will never be a true bat demon anyway.
After this, we see Xu Xian picking herbs around the temple and inside Susu has returned to her true form as a white snake trapped inside the temple. Fahai is seen walking the mountainside when suddenly Neng Ren (now a complete bat demon) appears alongside him. Throwing him an apple to eat Fahai tells him that he has grown used to his new look, and they continue on the journey together again.
Cast[edit]
Jet Li as Abbott Fahai (法海)
Raymond Lam as Xu Xian (许仙)
Eva Huang as White Snake/Susu (素素)
Charlene Choi as Green Snake/Qingqing (小青)
Wen Zhang as Neng Ren (能忍)
Jiang Wu as Turtle Devil (龜妖)
Vivian Hsu as Ice Harpy(雪妖)
Miriam Yeung as Rabbit Devil (兔)
Chapman To as Toad Monster/Gugu (蛤蟆怪)
Law Kar-ying as Mysterious Herbalist (神秘藥師)
Lam Suet as Chicken Devil (雞妖)
Sonija Kwok as Bu Ming (不明)
Angela Tong as Cat Devil (貓妖)
Michelle Wai as Bat Devil (蝙蝠妖女)
Production[edit]
Leading actors Ethan Juan, Peter Ho, Mark Chao and Raymond Lam auditioned for the lead role in the film[citation needed]. In the end, Lam got the role. It was reported that Juan and Chao were dropped as they were deemed to be not well known enough in China and Ho's image did not suit the male lead.[3]
Jet Li was announced to be part of the cast during early pre-production. However, his role was not revealed until September 2010, when some actors' roles were announced, including Jet Li as Fa Hai, Eva Huang as White Snake, Raymond Lam as Xu Xian, Charlene Choi as Green Snake and Wen Zhang, whom Li invited to play his disciple Neng Ren.[11]
Regarding the action scenes, Jet Li said he had never been this exhausted before.[citation needed] Li said,
After fighting the White Snake, fight the Green Snake. After fighting the Green Snake, then fight the Demon. After fighting this Demon, then fight another Demon. After fighting this Demon, then fight the Water Monster. Everyday on set I was letting out a big sigh.[8]
Raymond Lam said he was always being hit by others,
Especially Ah Sa, she even requested for the director to add fight scenes. As a result, added scenes to hit me! Furthermore she fought much more fiercely than before![8]
Filming wrapped on January 16, 2011.[citation needed] Originally titled Madame White Snake in English, the film logo was unveiled during the production wrap press conference with the new official English title, It's Love.[12] However, the English title was changed to The Sorcerer and the White Snake when the distributor was announced.[1] The actual title used has been The Emperor and the White Snake, both on DVD and at IMDb.[13]
See also[edit]
Green Snake
Hong Kong films of 2011
Jet Li filmography
The Legend of the White Serpent (1956 film)
Legend of the White Snake
Madam White Snake (TV series)
The Tale of the White Serpent
"Philippine Cultural College"
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Distribution Workshop takes on Jet Li project White Snake".
Jump up ^ "The Sorcerer And The White Snake". Screen International
^ Jump up to: a b "Raymond Lam to collaborate with Jet Li".
Jump up ^ "Bai she chuan shuo - the-numbers.com".
Jump up ^ Smith, Ian Hayden (2012). International Film Guide 2012. p. 89. ISBN 978-1908215017.
Jump up ^ "Tale of the White Snake Began Filming".
Jump up ^ "《白蛇传说》杀青 " ITS LOVE"引发脑震荡".
^ Jump up to: a b c "3D Blockbuster movie starring Jet Li, Eva Huang, Charlene Choi and Raymond Lam breaks its mystery".
Jump up ^ "'The Sorcerer and the White Snake' joins Venice's line-up".
Jump up ^ "白蛇傳說之法海 The Sorcerer and the White Snake".
Jump up ^ "Jet Li Joins Legend of Madam White Snake".
Jump up ^ "It's Love - Madame White Snake Production Wrap Press Conference Photos".
Jump up ^ [1]
External links[edit]
The Sorcerer and the White Snake on IMDb
The Sorcerer and the White Snake at Rotten Tomatoes
Official website
The Sorcerer and the White Snake trailer
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Ching Siu-tung
Duel to the Death (1983)
Witch from Nepal (1986)
A Chinese Ghost Story (1987)
Fight and Love with a Terracotta Warrior (1989)
The Swordsman (1990)
A Chinese Ghost Story II (1990)
A Chinese Ghost Story III (1991)
The Raid (1991)
Swordsman II (1992)
The East Is Red (1993)
Dr. Wai in "The Scripture with No Words" (1996)
Conman in Tokyo (2000)
An Empress and the Warriors (2008)
The Sorcerer and the White Snake (2011)
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Categories:
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Premier League records and statistics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The top tier of English football was renamed the Premier League for the start of the 1992–93 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the Premier League.
Contents
[hide]
1 League records
1.1 Titles
1.2 Points
1.3 Wins
1.4 Defeats
1.5 Draws
1.6 Goals
1.7 Attendances
2 Player records
2.1 Appearances
2.2 Goals
2.3 Assists
2.4 Goalkeepers
2.5 Disciplinary
2.6 Youngest goalscorers
3 Match records
3.1 Scorelines
4 All-time Premier League table
5 Managers
6 References
League records[edit]
Titles[edit]
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3
Manchester United (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01)[1]
Manchester United (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]
Biggest title-winning margin: 19 points, 2017–18; Manchester City (100 points) over Manchester United (81 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference – the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]
Points[edit]
Most points in a season: 100, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[4]
Most home points in a season: 55, joint record:[5]
Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]
Fewest home points in a season: 7, Sunderland (2005–06)[7]
Most away points in a season: 50, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away points in a season: 3, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[8]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[9]
Most points in a season while being relegated:
42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[10]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[10]
Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[11]
Wins[edit]
Most wins in total: 629, Manchester United[12]
Most wins in a season (38 games): 32, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[13]
Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]
Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[7]
Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)
Most away wins in a season (19 games): 16, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[7][14][15]
Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)
Most consecutive wins: 18, Manchester City (between 26 August 2017 and 27 December 2017)[16][2]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[17]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, joint record:[18][16]
Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)
Manchester City (between 21 May 2017 and 27 December 2017)
Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[19]
Defeats[edit]
Most defeats in total: 351, Everton[20]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[21]
Fewest defeats in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[22]
Fewest home defeats in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:
Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[23][24][25]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08)[26][27][28]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[28][29][30][31][32]
Liverpool (2008–09, 2017–18)[33]
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)
Fewest away defeats in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[27][34]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 5 October 2008)[35]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[36]
Most defeats in a season (42 games or 38 games): 29, joint record:
Ipswich Town (1994–95)
Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)[37]
Most home defeats in a season (19 games): 14, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[38]
Most away defeats in a season (19 games): 17, Burnley (2009–10)[39]
Most consecutive defeats over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[40]
Draws[edit]
Most draws in total: 287, Everton[20]
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:
Manchester City (1993–94)[41]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]
Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:
Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Aston Villa (2006–07, 2011–12)[41]
Sunderland (2014–15)[41]
Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:
Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[41]
Leicester City (1997–98, 2003–04)[41]
Manchester United (2016–17)[41]
Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98, 2016–17)[41]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:
Manchester City (2008–09)[41]
Manchester United (2012–13)[41]
Chelsea (2016–17)[41]
Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:
Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96, 2014–15)[41]
Barnsley (1997–98)[41]
Chelsea (1997–98)[41]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[41]
Everton (2000–01)[41]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[41]
Portsmouth (2005–06, 2007–08)[41]
Burnley (2009–10)[41]
Liverpool (2011–12)[41]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[41]
Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:
Norwich City (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]
Manchester City (2009–10)[41]
Goals[edit]
Most goals scored in a season: 106, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[42]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[43]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[44]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[45]
Best goal difference in a season: 79, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Worst goal difference in a season: –69, Derby County (2007–08)[46]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[47]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[45]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[48]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[49]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43
Derby County (2007–08)[49]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[49]
Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[49]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[49]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8
Middlesbrough (1995–96)[49]
Southampton (1998–99)[49]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[49]
Derby County (2007–08)[49]
Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[49]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[49]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[49]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[50]
Most goals scored in total: 1,924, Manchester United[20]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,267, Tottenham Hotspur[20]
League history of current and former Premier League teams from 1992–93 to 2013–14.
Attendances[edit]
Highest attendance, single game: 83,222, Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Arsenal (at Wembley Stadium, 10 February 2018)[51]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon 1–3 Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[52][53]
Highest season average attendance: 75,821 – Old Trafford, Manchester United (2006–07)[54]
Lowest season average attendance: 8,353 – Selhurst Park, Wimbledon (1992–93)[54]
Player records[edit]
Appearances[edit]
Most Premier League appearances: 653, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 24 February 2018)[55]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[56]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[57]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[58]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[59]
Goals[edit]
Further information: List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[60]
Most Premier League goals: 260, Alan Shearer[61]
Most Premier League goals at one club: 183, Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)[62]
Oldest goalscorer: 40 years and 268 days, Teddy Sheringham (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[63]
Youngest goalscorer: 16 years and 271 days, James Vaughan (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[64]
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[65]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[66]
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal
1 Alan Shearer 260 441 0.59 Forward 1992–93 2005–06
2 Wayne Rooney 208 491 0.42 Forward 2002–03 2017–18
3 Andy Cole 187 414 0.45 Forward 1993–94 2006–07
4 Frank Lampard 177 609 0.29 Midfield 1997–98 2014–15
5 Thierry Henry 175 258 0.68 Forward 1999–2000 2011–12
6 Robbie Fowler 163 379 0.43 Forward 1993–94 2006–07
7 Jermain Defoe 162 492 0.33 Forward 2001–02 2017–18
8 Michael Owen 150 326 0.46 Forward 1996–97 2012–13
9 Les Ferdinand 149 351 0.42 Forward 1992–93 2004–05
10 Teddy Sheringham 146 418 0.35 Forward 1992–93 2006–07
[67]
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[68]
Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)
Further information: Premier League Golden Boot
Most goals in a season (38 games): 32, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[69]
Most games scored in during a Premier League season: 24, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[70]
Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017)[71]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:
20-team league:[69]
Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)
Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)
22-team league:[citation needed]
Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)
Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[72]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[73]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[74]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[75]
Andy Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1
Further information: List of Premier League hat-tricks
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[76]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[77]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[78]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[79]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers)[80]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[82]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[66]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: 2 minutes 56 seconds, Sadio Mané (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[83]
Most different clubs to score for: 7, Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[84]
Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[85]
Most own goals in a season: 4, joint record:
Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[86]
Lewis Dunk (2017–18)[87]
Most hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[88]
Most goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (Liverpool)[89]
Assists[edit]
Most assists (career)
Rank
Player
Assists
1 Ryan Giggs 162
2 Cesc Fàbregas 111
3 Wayne Rooney 103
4 Frank Lampard 102
5 Dennis Bergkamp 94
6 Steven Gerrard 92
7 David Beckham 80
8 James Milner 78
9 Teddy Sheringham 76
10 David Silva 75
[90]
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[91]
Most consecutive Premier League matches with an assist: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[92]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[93]
Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[94]
Goalkeepers[edit]
Further information: Premier League Golden Glove
Most clean sheets (career)
Rank
Player
Clean
sheets
1 Petr Čech 201
2 David James 169
3 Mark Schwarzer 151
4 David Seaman 140
5 Nigel Martyn 137
6 Pepe Reina 134
7 Edwin van der Sar 132
Tim Howard
Brad Friedel
10 Peter Schmeichel 128
Most clean sheets in one season: 24, Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[95]
Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[96]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):
Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[97]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[98]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[99]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[100]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[101]
Disciplinary[edit]
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[55]
Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne
Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[67]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[102]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[103]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal against Manchester City, 23 May 2012[104]
Youngest goalscorers[edit]
This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[105]
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition
1
James Vaughan 10 April 2005 Everton 16 years, 270 days Crystal Palace
2
James Milner 26 December 2002 Leeds United 16 years, 346 days Sunderland
3
Wayne Rooney 19 October 2002 Everton 16 years, 351 days Arsenal
4
Cesc Fàbregas 25 August 2004 Arsenal 17 years, 114 days Blackburn Rovers
5
Michael Owen 6 May 1997 Liverpool 17 years, 144 days Wimbledon
6
Andy Turner 5 September 1992 Tottenham 17 years, 166 days Everton
7
Federico Macheda 5 April 2009 Manchester United 17 years, 226 days Aston Villa
8
Raheem Sterling 20 October 2012 Liverpool 17 years, 317 days Reading
9
Mikael Forssell 20 February 1999 Chelsea 17 years, 342 days Nottingham Forest
10
Danny Cadamarteri 20 September 1997 Everton 17 years, 344 days Barnsley
Match records[edit]
Scorelines[edit]
Further information: List of Premier League highest scoring games
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[106]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[106]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:
Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)
Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[107]
Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United won the 2010–11 season
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City won the 2015–16 season
Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3
Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[108]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[109]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[110]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[111]
Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[112]
Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[113]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[114]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:
Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 – final score; 3–4)[115]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 – final score; 4–4)[116]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 – final score; 3–4)[117]
Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:
Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[118]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[119]
Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:
Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[120]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[121]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[122]
All-time Premier League table[edit]
The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[123]
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.
1 Manchester United 26 1000 629 215 156 1924 875 1049 2102 13 6 3 1 80.85 1
2 Arsenal 26 1000 544 253 203 1772 962 810 1885 3 6 5 7 72.50 1
3 Chelsea 26 1000 537 248 215 1707 963 744 1859 5 4 4 2 71.50 1
4 Liverpool 26 1000 499 255 246 1685 1024 661 1752 3 5 7 67.38 2
5 Tottenham Hotspur 26 1000 423 255 322 1480 1267 213 1524 1 2 2 58.62 2
6 Everton 26 1000 362 287 351 1303 1265 38 1373 1 52.81 4
7 Manchester City 21 810 359 194 257 1279 952 327 1271 3 2 2 1 2 60.52 1
8 Newcastle United 23 882 334 225 323 1207 1187 20 1227 2 2 1 2 53.35 2
9 Aston Villa 24 924 316 275 333 1117 1186 −69 1223 1 1 1 50.96 2
10 West Ham United 22 844 275 221 348 1012 1214 −202 1046 2 47.55 5
11 Blackburn Rovers 18 696 262 184 250 927 907 20 970 1 1 1 2 53.89 1
12 Southampton 19 734 229 202 303 892 1022 −130 889 1 46.79 6
13 Leeds United 12 468 189 125 154 641 573 68 692 1 2 1 57.67 3
14 Middlesbrough 15 574 165 169 240 648 794 −146 661[124] 4 44.01 7
15 Sunderland 16 608 153 159 296 612 904 −292 618 4 38.63 7
16 Fulham 13 494 150 136 208 570 697 −127 586 1 45.08 7
17 Bolton Wanderers 13 494 149 128 217 575 745 −170 575 3 44.23 6
18 Leicester City 12 460 142 129 189 572 670 −98 555 1 3 46.25 1
19 West Bromwich Albion 12 456 112 128 216 475 696 −221 464 4 38.67 8
20 Stoke City 10 380 116 109 155 398 525 −127 457 1 45.70 9
21 Coventry City 9 354 99 112 143 387 490 −103 409 1 45.40 11
22 Sheffield Wednesday 8 316 101 89 126 409 453 −44 392 1 49.00 7
23 Wimbledon 8 316 99 94 123 384 472 −88 391 1 48.88 6
24 Crystal Palace 9 350 97 89 164 374 511 −137 380 4 42.22 10
25 Charlton Athletic 8 304 93 82 129 342 442 −100 361 2 45.13 7
26 Norwich City 8 316 89 92 135 365 510 −145 359 1 4 44.88 3
27 Wigan Athletic 8 304 85 76 143 316 482 −166 331 1 41.38 10
28 Swansea City 7 266 82 66 118 306 383 −77 312 1 44.57 8
29 Queens Park Rangers 7 278 81 65 132 339 431 −92 308 3 44.00 5
30 Birmingham City 7 266 73 82 111 273 360 −87 301 3 43.00 9
31 Portsmouth 7 266 79 65 122 292 380 −88 293[125] 1 41.86 8
32 Derby County 7 266 68 70 128 271 420 −149 274 2 39.14 8
33 Nottingham Forest 5 198 60 59 79 229 287 −58 239 1 3 47.80 3
34 Ipswich Town 5 202 57 53 92 219 312 −93 224 2 44.80 5
35 Watford 5 190 45 43 102 188 318 −130 178 2 35.60 13
36 Hull City 5 190 41 48 101 181 323 −142 171 3 34.20 16
37 Burnley 4 152 40 37 75 145 229 −84 157 2 39.25 7
38 Wolverhampton Wanderers 4 152 32 40 80 156 281 −125 136 2 34.00 15
39 Sheffield United 3 122 32 36 54 128 168 −40 132 2 44.00 14
40 Bournemouth 3 114 34 30 50 145 195 −50 132 44.00 9
41 Reading 3 114 32 23 59 136 186 −50 119 2 39.67 8
42 Oldham Athletic 2 84 22 23 39 105 142 −37 89 1 44.50 19
43 Bradford City 2 76 14 20 42 68 138 −70 62 1 31.00 17
44 Brighton & Hove Albion 1 38 9 13 16 34 54 –20 40 40 15
45 Blackpool 1 38 10 9 19 55 78 −23 39 1 39.00 19
46 Huddersfield Town 1 38 9 10 19 28 58 –30 37 37 16
47 Barnsley 1 38 10 5 23 37 82 −45 35 1 35.00 19
48 Cardiff City 1 38 7 9 22 32 74 −42 30 1 30.00 20
49 Swindon Town 1 42 5 15 22 47 100 −53 30 1 30.00 22
League or status at 2018–19:
2018–19 Premier League
2018–19 EFL Championship
2018–19 EFL League One
2018–19 EFL League Two
Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[126][127]
Managers[edit]
Most Premier League titles: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Most Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 4, Pep Guardiola[128]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[129]
Longest spell as manager: 21 years, 224 days, Arsène Wenger (Arsenal, 1 October 1996 to 13 May 2018)[130]
Shortest spell as manager (excluding caretakers): 41 days, Les Reed (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006) (8 games)[131]
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[hide]
v
t
e
Premier League
Seasons
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–2000
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
Clubs
2018–19
Arsenal
Brighton & Hove Albion
Bournemouth
Burnley
Cardiff City
Chelsea
Crystal Palace
Everton
Fulham
Huddersfield Town
Leicester City
Liverpool
Manchester City
Manchester United
Newcastle United
Southampton
Tottenham Hotspur
Watford
West Ham United
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Former
Aston Villa
Barnsley
Birmingham City
Blackburn Rovers
Blackpool
Bolton Wanderers
Bradford City
Charlton Athletic
Coventry City
Derby County
Hull City
Ipswich Town
Leeds United
Middlesbrough
Norwich City
Nottingham Forest
Oldham Athletic
Portsmouth
Queens Park Rangers
Reading
Sheffield United
Sheffield Wednesday
Stoke City
Sunderland
Swansea City
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_League_records_and_statistics&oldid=843363677"
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