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List of Indian monarchs
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Outline of South Asian history
Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC)[show]
Madrasian Culture
Soanian Culture
Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC)[show]
Bhirrana Culture (7570–6200 BC)
Mehrgarh Culture (7000–3300 BC)
Edakkal Culture (5000–3000 BC)
Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC)[show]
Ahar-Banas Culture (3000–1500 BC)
Pandu Culture (1600–1500 BC)
Malwa Culture (1600–1300 BC)
Jorwe Culture (1400–700 BC)
Bronze Age (3300–1300 BC)[show]
Indus Valley Civilisation (3300–1300 BC)
– Early Harappan Culture (3300–2600 BC)
– Mature Harappan Culture (2600–1900 BC)
– Late Harappan Culture (1900–1300 BC)
Vedic Civilisation (2000–500 BC)
– Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (2000–1600 BC)
– Swat culture (1600–500 BC)
Iron Age (1500–200 BC)[show]
Vedic Civilisation (1500–500 BC)
– Janapadas (1500–600 BC)
– Black and Red ware culture (1300–1000 BC)
– Painted Grey Ware culture (1200–600 BC)
– Northern Black Polished Ware (700–200 BC)
Pradyota Dynasty (799–684 BC)
Haryanka Dynasty (684–424 BC)
Three Crowned Kingdoms (c. 600 BC–AD 1600)
Maha Janapadas (c. 600–300 BC)
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Ror Dynasty (450 BC–AD 489)
Shishunaga Dynasty (424–345 BC)
Nanda Empire (380–321 BC)
Macedonian Empire (330–323 BC)
Maurya Empire (321–184 BC)
Seleucid India (312–303 BC)
Pandya Empire (c. 300 BC–AD 1345)
Chera Kingdom (c. 300 BC-AD 1102)
Chola Empire (c. 300 BC–AD 1279)
Pallava Empire (c. 250 BC–AD 800)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire (c. 250 BC–c. AD 500)
Parthian Empire (247 BC– AD 224)
Middle Kingdoms (230 BC– AD 1206)[show]
Satavahana Empire (230 BC–AD 220)
Kuninda Kingdom (200 BC–AD 300)
Mitra Dynasty (c. 150 –c. 50 BC)
Shunga Empire (185–73 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC–AD 10)
Kanva Empire (75–26 BC)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom (50 BC–AD 400)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom (AD 21–c. 130)
Western Satrap Empire (AD 35–405 )
Kushan Empire (AD 60–240)
Bharshiva Dynasty (170–350)
Nagas of Padmavati (210–340)
Sasanian Empire (224–651)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom (230–360)
Vakataka Empire (c. 250–c. 500)
Kalabhras Empire (c. 250–c. 600)
Gupta Empire (280–550)
Kadamba Empire (345–525)
Western Ganga Kingdom (350–1000)
Kamarupa Kingdom (350–1100)
Vishnukundina Empire (420–624)
Maitraka Empire (475–767)
Huna Kingdom (475–576)
Rai Kingdom (489–632)
Kabul Shahi Empire (c. 500–1026)
Chalukya Empire (543–753)
Maukhari Empire (c. 550–c. 700)
Harsha Empire (606–647)
Tibetan Empire (618–841)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom (624–1075)
Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (650–1036)
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Pala Empire (750–1174)
Rashtrakuta Empire (753–982)
Paramara Kingdom (800–1327)
Yadava Empire (850–1334)
Chaulukya Kingdom (942–1244)
Western Chalukya Empire (973–1189)
Lohara Kingdom (1003–1320)
Hoysala Empire (1040–1346)
Sena Empire (1070–1230)
Eastern Ganga Empire (1078–1434)
Kakatiya Kingdom (1083–1323)
Zamorin Kingdom (1102–1766)
Kalachuris of Tripuri (675-1210)
Kalachuris of Kalyani (1156–1184)
Chutiya Kingdom (1187–1673)
Deva Kingdom (c. 1200–c. 1300)
Late medieval period (1206–1526)[show]
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
– Mamluk Sultanate (1206–1290)
– Khalji Sultanate (1290–1320)
– Tughlaq Sultanate (1320–1414)
– Sayyid Sultanate (1414–1451)
– Lodi Sultanate (1451–1526)
Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826)
Chitradurga Kingdom (1300–1779)
Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)
Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
Garhwal Kingdom (1358–1803)
Mysore Kingdom (1399–1947)
Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541)
Deccan Sultanates (1490–1596)
– Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636)
– Berar Sultanate (1490–1574)
– Bidar Sultanate (1492–1619)
– Bijapur Sultanate (1492–1686)
– Golkonda Sultanate (1518–1687)
Keladi Kingdom (1499–1763)
Koch Kingdom (1515–1947)
Early modern period (1526–1858)[show]
Mughal Empire (1526–1858)
Sur Empire (1540–1556)
Madurai Kingdom (1559–1736)
Thanjavur Kingdom (1572–1918)
Bengal Subah (1576–1757)
Marava Kingdom (1600–1750)
Thondaiman Kingdom (1650–1948)
Maratha Empire (1674–1818)
Sikh Confederacy (1707–1799)
Travancore Kingdom (1729–1947)
Sikh Empire (1799–1849)
Colonial states (1510–1961)[show]
Portuguese India (1510–1961)
Dutch India (1605–1825)
Danish India (1620–1869)
French India (1759–1954)
Company Raj (1757–1858)
British Raj (1858–1947)
Periods of Sri Lanka[show]
Prehistory (Until 543 BC)
Early kingdoms period (543 BC–377 BC)
Anuradhapura period (377 BC–AD 1017)
Polonnaruwa period (1056–1232)
Transitional period (1232–1505)
Crisis of the Sixteenth Century (1505–1594)
Kandyan period (1594–1815)
British Ceylon (1815–1948)
Contemporary Sri Lanka (1948–present)
National histories[show]
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Regional histories[show]
Assam
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Kabul
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Specialised histories[show]
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The following lndian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents.
Early later documented rulers and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent are included in this list.
Contents
[hide]
1 Kuru dynasty (c. 1200 BCE–500 BCE)
2 Magadha dynasties
2.1 Legendary kings
2.2 Pradyota dynasty (c. 779 BCE–544 BCE)
2.3 Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 BCE–413 BCE)
2.4 Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 BCE–345 BCE)
2.5 Nanda dynasty (c. 345 BCE–321 BCE)
2.6 Maurya dynasty (c. 321 BCE–185 BCE)
2.7 Shunga dynasty (c. 185 BCE–73 BCE)
2.8 Kanva dynasty (c. 73 BCE–26 BCE)
2.9 Gupta dynasty (c. 240–550 CE)
3 Ancient southern dynasties
3.1 Pandyan dynasty (c. 550 BCE–345 CE)
3.2 Chera dynasty (c. 300 BCE–1124 CE)
3.3 Chola dynasty (c. 300 BCE–1279 CE)
4 Foreign emperors in north-western India
5 Satavahana dynasty (c. 271 BCE–220 CE)
6 Vakataka dynasty (c. 250 – c. 500 CE)
6.1 The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch
6.2 The Vatsagulma branch
7 Indo-Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE – 45 CE)
7.1 Northwestern India (c. 90 BCE – 10 CE)
7.2 Mathura area (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)
7.3 Apracharaja rulers (12 BCE – 45 CE)
7.4 Minor local rulers
8 Indo-Parthian rulers (c. 21–100 CE)
9 Western Kshatrapas (c. 35–405 CE)
10 Kushana dynasty (80–225)
11 Pallava dynasty (275–882)
11.1 Early Pallavas (275–355)
11.2 Middle Pallavas (355–537)
11.3 Later Pallavas (537–882)
12 Kadambas of Chandravalli at Chitradurga (345–525 CE)
13 Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)
14 Maitrakas of Vallabhi (470–776 CE)
15 Chahamanas of Shakambhari (6th century –12th century)
15.1 Chahamana Dynasty (6th century - 12th century)
16 Chalukya dynasty (543–1156)
16.1 Chalukyas of Badami (543–757)
16.2 Chalukyas of Kalyani (973–1156)
17 Shashanka dynasty (600–626)
18 Harsha dynasty (606–647)
19 Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (650–1036 CE)
20 Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha (735–982)
21 Pala dynasty (c. 750–1174)
22 Paramara dynasty of Malwa (9th century to c. 1305)
23 Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri (850–1334 CE)
23.1 Brahmin Shahi dynasty (c. 890–964)
23.2 Shahi dynasty (964–1026 CE)
24 Hoysala dynasty (1000–1346)
25 Sena dynasty rule over Bengal (1070–1230 CE)
26 Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)
27 Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323 CE)
28 Kalachuris of Kalyani (Southern) dynasty (1130–1184)
29 Chutiya dynasty ruled over eastern Assam (1187–1524)
30 Bana dynasty rule over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260 CE)
30.1 Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)
31 Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
31.1 Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)
31.2 Khalji dynasty (1290–1320)
31.3 Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)
31.4 Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
31.5 Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)
31.6 Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)
31.7 Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)
31.7.1 Ghoris (1390–1436)
31.7.2 Khaljis (1436–1535)
31.7.3 Qadirid (1535–1555)
31.7.4 Shaja'atid (1555–1562)
32 Ahom dynasty ruled over Assam (1228–1826)
33 Musunuri Nayaks (1323 - 1368)
34 Reddy dynasty (1325–1448 CE)
35 Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)
35.1 Sangama dynasty (1336–1487)
35.2 Saluva dynasty (1490–1567)
35.3 Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)
36 Pemmasani Kamma dynasty (1350- 1652)
37 Wodeyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)
37.1 Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)
37.2 Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)
38 Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541 CE)
39 Maharajas of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam, 1503–1964)
40 Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1687)
41 Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
42 Mewar Dynasty
42.1 Mewar (Sisodia)
43 Suri dynasty (1540–1555)
44 Chogyal, monarchs of Sikkim and Ladakh (1642–1975)
45 Deccan Sultanates
45.1 Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)
45.2 Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)
45.3 Berar Sultanate (1490–1572)
45.4 Bidar Sultanate(1492–1542)
45.5 Qutb Shahi dynasty(1518–1687)
46 Maratha Empire (1674–1881)
46.1 Shivaji era
46.2 Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)
46.3 Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)
46.4 The Peshwas (1713–1858)
46.5 Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (?–1799)
46.6 Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)
46.7 Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)
46.8 Scindia rulers of Gwalior (?–1947)
46.9 Gaekwad rulers of Baroda (Vadodara) (1721–1947)
47 The major Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707–1856)
47.1 Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770)
47.2 Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858)
47.3 Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948)
48 Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1947)
49 Sikh Empire (1801–1849)
50 Emperors of India (1857–1947)
51 Dominion of India (1947–1950)
52 Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)
53 See also
54 Notes
55 References
56 Sources and external links
Kuru dynasty (c. 1200 BCE–500 BCE)[edit]
Sudas (c. 14th century BCE), tribal king of the Bhāratas, led to the foundation of the Kuru Kingdom
Pratipa
Shantanu
Chitrāngada
Vichitravirya
Dhritarashtra
Pandu
Yudhishthira
Duryodhana
Parikshit (c. 1000 BCE)
Janamejaya (c. 950 BCE)
Satanika
Aswamedhadatta
Asíma-krishńa
Nichakra
Ushńa
Chitraratha
Vrishńimat
Susheńa
Sunítha
Richa
Nrichakshu
Sukhíhala
Pariplava
Sunaya
Medhávin
Nripanjaya
Mridu
Tigma
Vrihadratha
Vasudána
Śatáníka II
Udayana
Ahínara
Khańd́apáni
Niramitra
Kshemaka
Magadha dynasties[edit]
Legendary kings[edit]
This list includes the legendary kings of Magadha.
Dharma
Sunita
Satyajit
Biswajit
Ripunjaya
Pradyota dynasty (c. 779 BCE–544 BCE)[edit]
Pradyota Mahasena
Palaka
Visakhayupa
Ajaka
Varttivarddhana
Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 BCE–413 BCE)[edit]
Bimbisara (558–491 BCE), founder of the first Magadhan empire
Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)
Udayin
Anirudha
Munda
Darshaka (from 461 BCE)
Nāgadāsaka (last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)
Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 BCE–345 BCE)[edit]
Shishunaga (412–395 BCE), king of Magadha
Kakdeddd
Kshemadharman
Kshatraujas
Nandivardhana
Mahanandin (until 345 BCE), his empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda
Nanda dynasty (c. 345 BCE–321 BCE)[edit]
Mahapadma Nanda (from 345 BCE), son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire
Pandhukananda
Panghupatinanda
Bhutapalananda
Rashtrapalananada
Govishanakananda
Dashasidkhakananda
Kaivartananda
Karvinatha Nand (Illegitimate son of Mahapadma Nanda)
Dhana Nanda (Agrammes, Xandrammes) (until 321 BCE), lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him.
Maurya dynasty (c. 321 BCE–185 BCE)[edit]
Chandragupta Maurya (c. 321–298 BCE)
Bindusara Amitraghata (298–273 BCE)
Ashoka (273–232 BCE)
Dasharatha (232–224 BCE)
Samprati (224–215 BCE)
Shalishuka (215–202 BCE)
Devavarman (202–195 BCE)
Shatadhanvan (195–187 BCE), the Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha (187–185 BCE), assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga
Shunga dynasty (c. 185 BCE–73 BCE)[edit]
Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE), founded the dynasty after assassinating Brihadratha
Agnimitra (149–141 BCE), son and successor of Pushyamitra
Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)
Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)
Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
Ghosha (119-116 BCE)
Vajramitra (116-110 BCE)
Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BCE), mentioned by the Puranas
Devabhuti (83–73 BCE), the last Shunga king
Kanva dynasty (c. 73 BCE–26 BCE)[edit]
Vasudeva (c. 75 BCE–66 BCE)
Bhumimitra (c. 66 – c. 52 BCE)
Narayana (c. 52 – c. 40 BCE)
Susarman (c. 40 – c. 26 BCE)
Gupta dynasty (c. 240–550 CE)[edit]
Sri-Gupta I (c. 240–290), founder
Ghatotkacha (290–305)
Chandra Gupta I (305–335)
Samudra Gupta (335–370)
Ramagupta (370–380)
Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (380-415)
Kumara Gupta I (415–455)
Skanda Gupta (455–467)
Kumara Gupta II (467–477)
Buddha Gupta (477–496)
Chandra Gupta III (496–500)
Vainya Gupta (500–515)
Narasimha Gupta (515–530)
Kumara Gupta III (530–540)
Vishnu Gupta I (c. 540–550)
Ancient southern dynasties[edit]
Pandyan dynasty (c. 550 BCE–345 CE)[edit]
Central Pandyas
Kadunkoen (c. 550–450 BCE)
Pandion (c. 50 BCE – 50 CE), known as Pandion to Greeks and Romans
Early Pandyas
Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)
Pudappandiyan
Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
Nan Maran
Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan )
Maran Valudi
Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
Ukkirap Peruvaluthi
First Empire
Kadungon (c. 600–700 CE), revived the dynasty
Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620 CE)
Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640 CE)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (640–674 CE)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (675–730 CE)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasinga (730–765 CE)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790 CE)
Rasasingan II (790–800 CE)
Varagunan I (800–830 CE)
Sirmara Srivallabha (830–862 CE)
Varaguna II (862–880 CE)
Parantaka Viranarayana (862–905 CE)
Rajasima Pandian II (905–920 CE)
Pandyan Revival
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268), revived Pandyan glory, considered one of the greatest conquerors of Southern India
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
Maravarman Kulasekaran I (1268–1308)
Sundara Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother Vira Pandya over the throne
Vira Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother of Sundara Pandya over the throne, Madurai was conquered by the Khalji dynasty
Pandalam Dynasty (c. 1200)
Raja Rajasekhara (c. 1200 – 1500), descendant of the Pandya Dynasty, father of Ayyappan (often regarded as a Hindu deity)
Chera dynasty (c. 300 BCE–1124 CE)[edit]
Note that years are still highly disputed among the scholars, the given is only a version.
Ancient Chera kings
Udiyancheralatan
Antuvancheral
Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan (56–115 CE)
Cheran Chenkutuvan (from 115)
Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (115–130)
Poraiyan Kadungo (from 115)
Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral (115–140)
Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan (130–185)
Selvak-Kadungo (131–155)
Adukotpattu Cheralatan (140–178)
Kuttuvan Irumporai (178–185)
Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral (185–201)
Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral (201–241)
Ilamcheral Irumporai (241–257)
Perumkadungo (257–287)
Ilamkadungo (287–317)
Kanaikal Irumporai (367–397)
Kulashekhara dynasty (1020–1314 CE)
Kulashekhara Varman (800–820 CE), also called Kulashekhara Alwar
Rajashekhara Varman (820–844 CE), also called Cheraman Perumal
Sthanu ravi Varman (844–885 CE), contemporary of Aditya Chola
Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885–917 CE)
Goda Ravi Varma (917–944 CE)
Indu Kotha Varma (944–962 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962–1019 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019–1021 CE)
Vira Kerala (1021–1028 CE)
Rajasimha (1028–1043 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082 CE)
Rama Varman Kulashekhara (1090–1122 CE), also called Cheraman Perumal
Ravi Varman Kulashekhara (c. 1250 – 1314), last of the Cheras
Chola dynasty (c. 300 BCE–1279 CE)[edit]
Sangam Cholas
Ilamcetcenni
Karikala Chola
Nedunkilli
Nalankilli
Killivalavan
Perunarkilli
Kocengannan
Imperial Cholas (848–1279 CE)
Vijayalaya Chola (848–881)
Aditya (871–907)
Parantaka I (907–955)
Gandaraditya (950–957)
Arinjaya (956–957)
Parantaka Chola II (957–970)
Uttama Chola (973–985)
Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014)
Rajendra Chola I (1014-1018)
Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)
Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063)
Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)
Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)
Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)
Kulotunga Chola II (1133–1150)
Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)
Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)
Kulothunga Chola III (1178–1218)
Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246)
Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas
Foreign emperors in north-western India[edit]
These empires were vast, centered in Persia or the Mediterranean; their satrapies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.
The boundaries of the Achaemenid Empire reached the Indus River.
Alexander the Great (326–323 BCE) of the Argead Dynasty defeated Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River; his empire was quickly divided amongst the so-called diadochoi.
Seleucus Nicator (323–321 BCE), diadochos general who founded the Seleucid Empire in the eastern part of the Macedonian empire after gaining control following Alexander's death
The Hellenistic Euthydemid Dynasty also reached the north-western frontiers of India (c. 221–85 BCE)
Muhammad bin Qasim (711–715), an Arab general of the Umayyad Caliphate, conquered Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab and ruled these lands on behalf of the Umayyad Caliph, Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik
Satavahana dynasty (c. 271 BCE–220 CE)[edit]
The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE.[1] Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.[2] It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers):
Simuka
Kanha (or Krishna)
Satakarni I
Hāla (c. 20–24 CE)
Gautamiputra Satakarni (c. 106–130)
Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (c. 130–158)
Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170)
Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–199)
Vakataka dynasty (c. 250 – c. 500 CE)[edit]
Vindhyasakti (250–270)
Pravarasena I (270–330)
The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch[edit]
Rudrasena I (330–355)
Prithvisena I (355–380)
Rudrasena II (380–385)
Divakarasena (385–400)
Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
Narendrasena (440–460)
Prithvishena II (460–480)
The Vatsagulma branch[edit]
Sarvasena (330–355)
Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
Pravarasena II (400–415)
Unknown (415–450)
Devasena (450–475)
Harishena (475–500)
Indo-Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE – 45 CE)[edit]
Northwestern India (c. 90 BCE – 10 CE)[edit]
Maues (c. 85–60 BCE)
Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE)
Spalahores (c. 75–65 BCE)
Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
Azes I (c. 57–35 BCE)
Azilises (c. 57–35 BCE)
Azes II (c. 35–12 BCE)
Zeionises (c. 10 BCE – 10 CE)
Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE – 10 CE)
Hajatria
Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka
Mathura area (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)[edit]
Hagamasha (satrap)
Hagana (satrap)
Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
Sodasa, son of Rajuvula
Apracharaja rulers (12 BCE – 45 CE)[edit]
Vijayamitra (12 BCE – 15 CE)
Itravasu (c. 20 CE)
Aspavarma (15–45 CE)
Minor local rulers[edit]
Bhadrayasha Niggas
Mamvadi
Arsakes
Indo-Parthian rulers (c. 21–100 CE)[edit]
Gondophares I (c. 21–50)
Abdagases I (c. 50–65)
Satavastres (c. 60)
Sarpedones (c. 70)
Orthagnes (c. 70)
Ubouzanes (c. 77)
Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
Abdagases II (c. 90)
Pakores (c. 100)
Western Kshatrapas (c. 35–405 CE)[edit]
Nahapana (119–124 CE)
Chashtana (c. 120)
Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)
Damajadasri I (170–175)
Jivadaman (175, d. 199)
Rudrasimha I (175–188, d. 197)
Isvaradatta (188–191)
Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
Rudrasena I (200–222)
Samghadaman (222–223)
Damasena (223–232)
Damajadasri II (232–239) with
Viradaman (234–238)
Yasodaman I (239–240)
Yasodaman II (240)
Vijayasena (240–250)
Damajadasri III (251–255)
Rudrasena II (255–277)
Visvasimha (277–282)
Bhartridaman (282–295) with
Visvasena (293–304)
Rudrasimha II (304–348) with
Yasodaman II (317–332)
Rudradaman II (332–348)
Rudrasena III (348–380)
Simhasena (380–?)
Kushana dynasty (80–225)[edit]
Vima Takto (c. 80–105), alias Soter Megas or "Great Saviour."
Vima Kadphises (c. 105–127), the first great Kushan emperor
Kanishka I (127–147)
Huvishka (c. 155–187)
Vasudeva I (c. 191–225), the last of the great Kushan emperors
Kanishka II (c. 227–247)
Vāsishka (c. 247–265)
Kanishka III (c. 268)
Vasudeva II (c. 275–300)
Shaka Kushan (300–350)
Gadahara or minor kings
Pallava dynasty (275–882)[edit]
Early Pallavas (275–355)[edit]
Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
Middle Pallavas (355–537)[edit]
Visnugopa (350–355)
Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
Skanda Varman II (370–385)
Vira Varman (385–400)
Skanda Varman III (400–438)
Simha Varman II (438–460)
Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
Nandi Varman I (480–500)
Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)
Later Pallavas (537–882)[edit]
Simha Vishnu (537–570)
Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
Thandi Varman (775–825)
Nandi Varman III (825–869)
Nirupathungan (869–882)
Aparajitha Varman (882–901)
Kadambas of Chandravalli at Chitradurga (345–525 CE)[edit]
Mayurasharma (Varma) (345–365)
Kangavarma (365–390)
Bagitarha (390–415)
Raghu (415–435)
Kakusthavarma (435–455)
Santivarma (455–460)
Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
Ravivarma (485–519)
Harivarma (519–525)
Kadambas of Goa( till-1345)
Kadambas of Hangal (till-1347)
Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)[edit]
Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
Madhava II (370–390)
Harivarman (390–410)
Vishnugopa (410–430)
Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
Avinita (466–495)
Durvinita (495–535)
Mushkara (535–585)
Srivikrama (585–635)
Bhuvikarma (635–679)
Shivamara I (679–725)
Sripurusha (725–788)
Shivamara II (788–816)
Rajamalla I (817–853)
Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
Rajamalla II (870–907)
Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
Narasimhadeva (919–925)
Rajamalla III (925–935)
Butuga II (935–960)
Takkolam in (949)
Maruladeva (960–963)
Marasimha III (963–974)
Rajamalla IV (974–985)
Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)
Maitrakas of Vallabhi (470–776 CE)[edit]
Bhatarka (c. 470–c. 492)
Dharasena I (c. 493–c. 499)
Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–c. 520)
Dhruvasena I (c. 520–c. 550)
Dharapatta (c. 550–c. 556)
Guhasena (c. 556–c. 570)
Dharasena II (c. 570–c. 595)
Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–c. 615)
Kharagraha I (c. 615–c. 626)
Dharasena III (c. 626–c. 640)
Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–c. 644)
Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–c. 651)
Dhruvasena III (c. 651–c. 656)
Kharagraha II (c. 656–c. 662)
Siladitya II (c. 662–?)
Siladitya III
Siladitya IV
Siladitya V
Siladitya VI
Siladitya VII (c. 766–c. 776)[3]
Chahamanas of Shakambhari (6th century –12th century)[edit]
Chahamana Dynasty (6th century - 12th century)[edit]
The Chahamanas of Shakambhari , colloquially known as the Chauhans of Sambhar (Sambhar Lake Town), were an Indian dynasty that ruled parts of the present-day Rajasthan and its neighbouring areas between 6th to 12th centuries. The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha. They were the most prominent ruling family of the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan, and were categorized among Agnivanshi Rajputs (Agnivansha) in the later medieval legends.
Vasu-deva (c. 6th century CE)
Samanta-raja (c. 684-709 CE)
Nara-deva (c. 709-721 CE)
Ajaya-raja I (c. 721-734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
Vigraha-raja I (c. 734-759 CE)
Chandra-raja I (c. 759-771 CE)
Gopendra-raja (c. 771-784 CE)
Durlabha-raja I (c. 784-809 CE)
Govinda-raja I (c. 809-836 CE), alias Guvaka I
Chandra-raja II (c. 836-863 CE)
Govindaraja II (c. 863-890 CE), alias Guvaka II
Chandana-raja (c. 890-917 CE)
Vakpati-raja (c. 917-944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch
Simha-raja (c. 944-971 CE)
Vigraha-raja II (c. 971-998 CE)
Durlabha-raja II (c. 998-1012 CE)
Govinda-raja III (c. 1012-1026 CE)
Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026-1040 CE)
Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)
Chamunda-raja (c. 1040-1065 CE)
Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065-1070 CE), alias Duśala
Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070-1090 CE), alias Visala
Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090-1110 CE)
Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110-1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
Arno-raja (c. 1135-1150 CE), alias Ana
Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)
Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150-1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
Apara-gangeya (c. 1164-1165 CE)
Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165-1169 CE)
Someshvara (c. 1169-1178 CE)
Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178-1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan
Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura
Hari-raja (c. 1193-1194 CE)
Chalukya dynasty (543–1156)[edit]
Chalukyas of Badami (543–757)[edit]
Pulakeshin I (543–566)
Kirtivarman I (566–597)
Mangalesha (597–609)
Pulakeshin II (609–642)
Vikramaditya I (655–680)
Vinayaditya (680–696)
Vijayaditya (696–733)
Vikramaditya II (733–746)
Kirtivarman II (746–757)
Chalukyas of Kalyani (973–1156)[edit]
Tailapa alias Ahavamalla (973–997)
Satyashraya (997–1008)
Vikramaditya V (1008–1014)
Ayyana (1014–1015)
Jayasimha II (1015–1042)
Someshvara I (1042–1068)
Someshvara II (1068–1076)
Vikramaditya VI (1076–1127)
Someshvara III (1127–1138)
Jagadekamalla (1138–1151)
Tailapa (1151–1156)
Someshvara IV (1183–1189)
Shashanka dynasty (600–626)[edit]
Shashanka (600–625), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana
Harsha dynasty (606–647)[edit]
Harsha Vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (650–1036 CE)[edit]
Dadda I-II-III (650–750)
Nagabhata I (750–780)
Vatsaraja (780–800)
Nagabhata II (800–833)
Ramabhadra (833–836)
Mihira Bhoja (836–890)
Mahendrapala I (890–910)
Bhoj II (910–913)
Mahipala I (913–944)
Mahendrapala II (944–948)
Devpala (948–954)
Vinaykpala (954–955)
Mahipala II (955–956)
Vijaypala II (956–960)
Rajapala (960–1018)
Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)
Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha (735–982)[edit]
Dantidurga (735–756)
Krishna I (756–774)
Govinda II (774–780)
Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)
Govinda III (793–814)
Amoghavarsha I (814–878)
Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)
Indra III (914–929)
Amoghavarsha II (929–930)
Govinda IV (930–935)
Amoghavarsha III (934–939)
Krishna III (939–967)
Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)
Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
Indra IV (973–982), only a claimer for the lost throne
Pala dynasty (c. 750–1174)[edit]
Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[4] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[5]
RC Majumdar (1971)[6]
AM Chowdhury (1967)[7]
BP Sinha (1977)[8]
DC Sircar (1975–76)[9]
D. K. Ganguly (1994)[4]
Gopala I 750–770 756–781 755–783 750–775 750–774
Dharmapala 770–810 781–821 783–820 775–812 774–806
Devapala 810–c. 850 821–861 820–860 812–850 806–845
Mahendrapala NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.) 845–860
Shurapala I 850–853 861–866 860–865 850–858 860–872
Vigrahapala I 858–60 872–873
Narayanapala 854–908 866–920 865–920 860–917 873–927
Rajyapala 908–940 920–952 920–952 917–952 927–959
Gopala II 940–957 952–969 952–967 952–972 959–976
Vigrahapala II 960–c. 986 969–995 967–980 972–977 976–977
Mahipala I 988–c. 1036 995–1043 980–1035 977–1027 977–1027
Nayapala 1038–1053 1043–1058 1035–1050 1027–1043 1027–1043
Vigrahapala III 1054–1072 1058–1075 1050–1076 1043–1070 1043–1070
Mahipala II 1072–1075 1075–1080 1076–1078/9 1070–1071 1070–1071
Shurapala 1075–1077 1080–1082 1071–1072 1071–1072
Ramapala 1077–1130 1082–1124 1078/9–1132 1072–1126 1072–1126
Kumarapala 1130–1125 1124–1129 1132–1136 1126–1128 1126–1128
Gopala III 1140–1144 1129–1143 1136–1144 1128–1143 1128–1143
Madanapala 1144–1162 1143–1162 1144–1161/62 1143–1161 1143–1161
Govindapala 1155–1159 NA 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 1161–1165 1161–1165
Palapala NA NA NA 1165–1199 1165–1200
Note:[5]
Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.
Paramara dynasty of Malwa (9th century to c. 1305)[edit]
The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:[10]
Upendra, 9th century
Vairisimha (I), 9th century (considered fictional by some historians)
Siyaka (I), 9th century (considered fictional by some historians)
Vakpati (I), 9th–10th century
Vairisimha (II), 10th century
Siyaka (II), 948–972
Vakpati (II) alias Munja, 972–990s
Sindhuraja, 990s–1010
Bhoja, 1010–1055
Jayasimha I, 1055–1070
Udayaditya, 1070–1086
Lakshmadeva, 1086–1094
Naravarman, 1094–1130
Yashovarman, 1133–1142
Jayavarman I, 1142–1143
Interregnum under an usurper named Ballala and later the Solanki king Kumarapala, 1144–1174
Vindhyavarman, 1175–1194
Subhatavarman, 1194–1209
Arjunavarman I, 1210–1215
Devapala, 1218–1239
Jaitugideva, 1239–1255
Jayavarman II, 1255–1274
Arjunavarman II, 13th century
Bhoja II, 13th century
Mahlakadeva, died 1305
Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri (850–1334 CE)[edit]
Dridhaprahara
Seunachandra (850–874)
Dhadiyappa (874–900)
Bhillama I (900–925)
Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
Bhillama II (975–1005)
Vesugi I (1005–1020)
Bhillama III (1020–1055)
Vesugi II (1055–1068)
Bhillama III (1068)
Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
Airamadeva (1085–1115)
Singhana I (1115–1145)
Mallugi I (1145–1150)
Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
Govindaraja (1160)
Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
Singhana II (1200–1247)
Kannara (1247–1261)
Mahadeva (1261–1271)
Amana (1271)
Ramachandra (1271–1312)
Singhana III (1312–1313)
Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
Mallugi III (1318–1334)
Brahmin Shahi dynasty (c. 890–964)[edit]
Lalliya (c. 890–895)
Kamaluka (895–921)
Bhima (921–964), son of Kamaluka
Shahi dynasty (964–1026 CE)[edit]
Jayapala (964–1001)
Anandapala (1001–1011)
Trilochanpala (1011–1022)
Bhímapála (1022–1026)
Hoysala dynasty (1000–1346)[edit]
Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
Vinayaditya I (1045–1098)
Ereyanga (1098–1100)
Ballala (1100–1108)
Vishnuvardhana (1108–1142)
Narasimha I (1142–1173), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Ballala II (1173–1220)
Narasimha II (1220–1235)
Vira Someshwara (1235–1253)
Narasimha III and Ramanatha (1253–1295)
Ballala III (1295–1342)
Sena dynasty rule over Bengal (1070–1230 CE)[edit]
Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
Keshab Sen (1225–1230)
Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)[edit]
Anantavarman Chodaganga (1078–1147)
Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198)
Anangabhima Deva III (1211–1238)
Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
Bhanu Deva I (1264–1279)
Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)
Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323 CE)[edit]
Beta I (1000–1030)
Prola I (1030–1075)
Beta II (1075–1110)
Prola II (1110–1158)
Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195)
Mahadeva (1195–1198). Brother of King Rudradeva
Ganapathi deva (1199–1261)
Rudrama devi (1262–1296)
Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). Grandson of Queen Rudrama
Kalachuris of Kalyani (Southern) dynasty (1130–1184)[edit]
Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
Sovideva (1168–1176)
Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
Sankama (1176–1180)
Ahavamalla (1180–83)
Singhana (1183–84)
Chutiya dynasty ruled over eastern Assam (1187–1524)[edit]
Birpal (1187–1224)
Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
Nitypal (1522–1524)
Bana dynasty rule over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260 CE)[edit]
Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)[edit]
Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216 – 1242)
Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243 – 1279)
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)[edit]
Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)[edit]
Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206–1210)
Aram Shah (1210–1211)
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
Shamsuddin Kayumars(1290)
Khalji dynasty (1290–1320)[edit]
Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1296), founder of the Khalji dynasty, defeated some invading Mongol armies
Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316), considered the greatest of the Delhi Sultans, unified India and defeated a number of invading Mongol armies
Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320). The Delhi Sultanate had shunt during his
Khusro Khan (1320)
Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)[edit]
Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)
Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388)
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390–1394)
Mahmud Nasir ud-Din (Sultan Mahmud) at Delhi (1394–1413)
Nusrat Shah at Firozabad
Invasion of Timur in 1398 and the end of the Tughluq Dynasty as known earlier.
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)[edit]
Khizr (1414–1421)
Mubarik II (1421–1434)
Muhamed IV (1434–1445)
Alem I (1445–1451)
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)[edit]
Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)
Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)[edit]
Ala ud din Bahman Shah (1347–1358), established his capital at Gulbarga
Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
Daud Shah I (1378)
Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
Taj ud din Feroz Shah (1397–1422)
Shahab ud din Ahmad Shah I (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
Nizam ud din Ahmad Shah III (1461–1463)
Shams ud din Muhammad Shah III (1463–1482)
Mahmud Shah (1482–1518)
Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)
Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)[edit]
Ghoris (1390–1436)[edit]
Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
Ghazni Khan Muhamnmad (1435–1436)
Mas'ud Khan (1436)
Khaljis (1436–1535)[edit]
Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)
Under Gujarat (1530–1534)
Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)
Qadirid (1535–1555)[edit]
Qadir Shah (1535–1542)
Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)
Shaja'atid (1555–1562)[edit]
Shaja'at Khan (1555)
Miyan Bayezid Baz Bahadur (1555–1562)
Ahom dynasty ruled over Assam (1228–1826)[edit]
Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
Sutephaa (1268–1281)
Subinphaa (1281–1293)
Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
Interregnum (1364–1369)
Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
Interregnum (1376–1380)
Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
Interregnum (1389–1397)
Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
Susenphaa (1439–1488)
Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
Supimphaa (1493–1497)
Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
Suklenmung (1539–1552)
Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
Suhunga (1674–1675)
Gobar (1675–1675)
Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
Siba Singha (1714–1744)
Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
Purandar Singha (1833–1838)
Musunuri Nayaks (1323 - 1368)[edit]
There were at least two Musunuri Nayak rulers:
Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323-1333)
Musunuri Kapaya Nayak (1333-1368)
Reddy dynasty (1325–1448 CE)[edit]
Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335)
Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)[edit]
Sangama dynasty (1336–1487)[edit]
Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
Bukka I (1343–1379)
Harihara II (1379–1399)
Bukka II (1399–1406)
Deva Raya I (1406–1412)
Vira Vijaya (1412–1419)
Deva Raya II (1419–1444)
(Not known) (1444–1449)
Mallikarjuna (1452–1465)
Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
Virupaksha I (1470–1471)
Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
Rajasekhara (1486–1487)
Saluva dynasty (1490–1567)[edit]
Narasimha (1490–1503)
Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
Achyuta (1530–1542)
Sadasiva (1542–1567)
Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)[edit]
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka(1491–1503)
Viranarasimha Raya (1503–1509)
Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529)
Achyuta Deva Raya (1529–1542)
Venkata I (1542)
Sadasiva raya (1543–1576)
ARAVEETI DYNASTY (1565–1680)
Aliya Rama raya (1542–1565) - unofficial ruler
Tirumala raya (1570–1572)
Ranga raya I (1572–1585)
Venkatapathi raya II (1586–1614)
Ranga raya II (1614)
Venkatapathi raya III (1630–1642)
Ranga raya III (1642)
Pemmasani Kamma dynasty (1350- 1652)[edit]
Pemmasani Kings are longest ruled Telugu dynasty.
Pemmasani Timmanayudu (1350-1392)
Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu (1509-1529)
Pemmasani Chinna Timma Naidu (1646-1652)
Wodeyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)[edit]
Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1371–1423)
Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
(Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
(Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761
Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796
The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799.
Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)[edit]
Hyder Ali (1761–1782), Muslim commander deposing the Hindu Maharaja, fought the British and Nizams of Hyderabad in the first of 4 Anglo-Mysore Wars
Tipu Sultan (Tiger of Mysore) (1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali, considered the greatest ruler of Mysore, assumed the novel style Badhshah Bahadur of Khudadad (thus claiming the paramountcy of India instead of the Mughal 'mere' Badhshah), fought the British, Marathas and Nizams of Hyderabad in the 3 Anglo-Mysore Wars (where iron rockets) were first used, allied to the French, and lost everything
Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)[edit]
(Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)
Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
(Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)
Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541 CE)[edit]
Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)
Purushottama Deva (1467–97)
Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
Kalua Deva (1540–41)
Kakharua Deva (1541)
Maharajas of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam, 1503–1964)[edit]
Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century CE. But the records we have start in 1503.
Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
Godavarma (1637–1645)
Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
Goda Varma (1662–1663)
Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
Rama Varma X (1805–1809) - Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828) - Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Malayalam Era))
Rama Varma XI (1828–1837) - Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
Rama Varma XII (1837–1844) - Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851) - Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853) - Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864) - Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888) - Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
Kerala Varma V (1888–1895) - Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
Rama Varma XV (1895–1914) - a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932) - Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941) - Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943) - Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
Ravi Varma V (1943–1946) - Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948) - Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964) - Pareekshit Thampuran
Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1687)[edit]
Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687)
Mughal Empire (1526–1857)[edit]
Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur (1526–1530), descendant of Mongol conqueror Chenghiz Khan and Amir Timur , established the Mughal Empire (one of the 3 earliest gunpowder empires) after defeating the Delhi Sultanate
Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1530–1540), temporarily lost his empire to the Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri after being defeated by him, restored his rule after defeating Adil Shah Suri in 1556.
Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great) (1556–1605), considered the greatest of all Mughals, he restored the rule of his dynasty after defeating Hemchandra Vikramaditya. He carried out the biggest expansion of the Mughal Empire in Northern India
Nur ud din Muhammad Jahangir (1605–1627), known in legends as Shehzada Salim
Shihab-ud-din Shah Jahan (1627–1657), constructed the Taj Mahal, which is often regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658–1707), expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, ruling over most of South Asia and Afghanistan
Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
Nikusiyar (1719)
Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
Alamgir II (1754–1759)
Shah Jahan III (1760)
Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
Bahadur Shah II (1837–1857)
Mewar Dynasty[edit]
Mewar (Sisodia)[edit]
Bappa rawal (715to728-753)
khumman (753-773)
Mathatt (773-790)
bhathabhatt (790-813) In his time another bharthbhutt 2nd son ruled with another brench of guhil in noth east rajaasthan
Rawal singh (813-820)
khumman 2 (820-853)
Mahayak (853-878) In his region mewar ruler under gurjara-prthihar in his sub-ordinate -king mihir bhoja
853 to 1172 ruler of mewar become weak
Samanta Singh (1172-1179)
[[khumar, Manthan,Padam Singh (1179-1213)
Jaitra Singh (1213-1261)
Teja Singh (1261-1273)
Samar Singh (1273-1301)
Ratan Singh (1301-1303)
Hammir Singh (1326–1364)
Kshetra Singh (1364–1382)
Lakha Singh (1382–1421)
Mokal Singh (1421–1433)
Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)
Udai Singh I (1468–1473)
Rana Raimal (1473–1508)
Rana Sanga (1508–1527) - last Rajput emperor of India.
Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)
Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)
Udai Singh II (1540–1572)
Maharana Pratap (1572–1597)
Amar Singh I (1597–1620)
Karan Singh II (1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)
Raj Singh I (1652–1680)
Jai Singh (1680–1698)
Amar Singh II (1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)
Raj Singh II (1754–1762)
Ari Singh II (1762–1772)
Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)
Bhim Singh (1778–1828)
Jawan Singh (1828–1838)
Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)
Fateh Singh (1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)
Suri dynasty (1540–1555)[edit]
Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
Adil Shah (1555–1556)
Chogyal, monarchs of Sikkim and Ladakh (1642–1975)[edit]
Main article: Chogyal
1. 1642–1670 Phuntsog Namgyal (1604–1670) Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.
2. 1670–1700 Tensung Namgyal (1644–1700) Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.
3. 1700–1717 Chakdor Namgyal (1686–1717) His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.
4. 1717–1733 Gyurmed Namgyal (1707–1733) Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.
5. 1733–1780 Phuntsog Namgyal II (1733–1780) Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.
6. 1780–1793 Tenzing Namgyal (1769–1793) Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
7. 1793–1863 Tsugphud Namgyal (1785–1863) The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.
8. 1863–1874 Sidkeong Namgyal, (1819–1874)
9. 1874–1914 Thutob Namgyal (1860–1914) John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.
10. 1914 Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1879–1914) The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.
11. 1914–1963 Tashi Namgyal (1893–1963) Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.
12. 1963–1975 Palden Thondup Namgyal, (1923–1982)
Deccan Sultanates[edit]
Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)[edit]
Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1510)
Ismail Adil Shah (1510–1534)
Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
Mohammed Adil Shah (1627–1657)
Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)
Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)[edit]
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I (1490–1510)
Burhan Nizam Shah I (1510–1553)
Hussain Nizam Shah I (1553–1565)
Murtaza Nizam Shah (1565–1588)
Miran Nizam Hussain (1588–1589)
Isma'il Nizam Shah (1589–1591)
Burhan Nizam Shah II (1591–1595)
Ibrahim Nizam Shah (1595–1596)
Ahmad Nizam Shah II (1596)
Bahadur Nizam Shah (1596–1600)
Murtaza Nizam Shah II (1600–1610)
Burhan Nizam Shah III (1610–1631)
Hussain Nizam Shah II (1631–1633)
Murtaza Nizam Shah III (1633–1636).[11]
Berar Sultanate (1490–1572)[edit]
Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
Ala-ud-din Imad Shah (1504–1530)
Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
Tufal Khan (usurper) 1574
Bidar Sultanate(1492–1542)[edit]
Qasim Barid I (1492–1504)
Amir Barid I (1504–1542)
Ali Barid Shah (1542–1580)
Ibrahim Barid Shah (1580–1587)
Qasim Barid Shah II (1587–1591)
Ali Barid Shah II (1591)
Amir Barid Shah II (1591–1600)
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III (1600–1609)
Amir Barid Shah III (1609–1619).[11]
Amir Barid I 1504–1542
Qutb Shahi dynasty(1518–1687)[edit]
Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1611)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1611–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687).[12]
Maratha Empire (1674–1881)[edit]
Shivaji era[edit]
Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1680–1688), elder son of Shivaji
Chhatrapati Rajaram (1688–1700), younger son of Shivaji
Rajmata Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis
The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.
Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)[edit]
Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
Council of regency (1870–94)
Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II
The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.[13]
Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)[edit]
Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
Shahaji III (1839–1848)
Pratapsinh I (adopted)
Rajaram III
Pratapsinh II
Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)
The Peshwas (1713–1858)[edit]
Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Maharaja after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.
Balaji Vishwanath (1713 – 2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 Aug. 1700, died 28 April 1740)
Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 Dec. 1721, d. 23 Jun. 1761)
Madhavrao Ballal (1761 – 18 Nov. 1772) (b. 16 Feb. 1745, d. 18 Nov. 1772)
Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec. 1772 – 30 Aug. 1773) (b. 10 Aug. 1755, d. 30 Aug. 1773)
Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec. 1773 – 1774) (b. 18 Aug. 1734, d. 11 Dec. 1783)
Sawai Madhavrao (1774 – 27 Oct. 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 Oct. 1795)
Baji Rao II (6 Dec. 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 Jan. 1851)
Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 Sep. 1859)
Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (?–1799)[edit]
Further information: Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.
Ekoji I
Shahuji I of Thanjavur
Serfoji I
Tukkoji
Ekoji II
Sujanbai
Shahuji II of Thanjavur
Pratapsingh of Thanjavur (r. 1737–63)
Tulojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b. 1738, r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasimha
Serfoji II of Thanjavur (r. 1787–93 & 1798–99, d. 1832); adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r. 1793–98); younger son of Pratapasimha
The state was annexed by the British in 1799.[14]
Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)[edit]
Raghoji I (1738–1755)
Janoji (1755–1772)
Sabaji (1772–1775)
Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
Raghoji II (1788–1816)
Parsoji Bhonsle (18??–1817)
Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
Raghoji III (1818–1853)
1853 to Great Britain
Janoji II (1853–1881) (adopted)
Raghujideo (1881)
The kingdom was annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.[15]
Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)[edit]
Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798 – 27 November 1811)
Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar (III) (r. November 1811 – 27 October 1833)
Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
Khanderao Harirao Holkar (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 February 1844)
Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar (II) (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar (III) (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
Yashwantrao Holkar (II) (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)
Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.
Scindia rulers of Gwalior (?–1947)[edit]
Ranojirao Scindia (1731 – 19 July 1745)
Jayapparao Scindia (1745 – 25 July 1755)
Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 1760
Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
Jankojirao II Scindia (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961
Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.
Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)
Gaekwad rulers of Baroda (Vadodara) (1721–1947)[edit]
Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
Sayaji Rao II Gaekwad (1818–1847)
Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)
The major Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707–1856)[edit]
Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770)[edit]
Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
Mir Jafar (1763–1765)
Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)
Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858)[edit]
Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
Safdarjung (1737–1753)
Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1814–1827)
Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)
Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948)[edit]
Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)
Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1947)[edit]
Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)
Dharma Raja (1758–1798)
Balarama Varma (1798–1810)
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)
Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)
Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)
Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)
Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)
Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)
Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)
Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)
Sikh Empire (1801–1849)[edit]
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)
Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent
Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh
The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars
Emperors of India (1857–1947)[edit]
Queen-Empress Victoria (1876–1901)
King-Emperor Edward VII (1901–1910)
King-Emperor George V (1910–1936)
King-Emperor Edward VIII (1936)
King-Emperor George VI (1936–1947)[nb 1]
Dominion of India (1947–1950)[edit]
George VI, King of India (1947–1950) retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.[16]
Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)[edit]
George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)
See also[edit]
History of South Asia
History of India
History of Pakistan
Middle kingdoms of India
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The title "Emperor of India" did not disappear with Indian independence from Great Britain in 1947, but in 1947, as when India became the Dominion of India (1947–1950) after independence in 1947, George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1947, and thereafter he remained monarch of India until it became the Republic of India in 1950.[16]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India. Pearson Education India. pp. 381–384. ISBN 9788131711200.
Jump up ^ Charles Higham (2009). Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. Infobase Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 9781438109961.
Jump up ^ Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). Ancient India, S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, ISBN 81-219-0887-6, pp.594–6
^ Jump up to: a b Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1994). Ancient India, History and Archaeology. Abhinav. pp. 33–41. ISBN 978-81-7017-304-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Susan L. Huntington (1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. pp. 32–39. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
Jump up ^ R. C. Majumdar (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. G. Bharadwaj. p. 161–162.
Jump up ^ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
Jump up ^ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4.
Jump up ^ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–76). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Indian History. IX: 209–10.
Jump up ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.274
Jump up ^ Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.275
Jump up ^ "kolhap2". Royalark.net. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ "tanjore2". Royalark.net. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ Prabhakar Gadre (1994). Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company. Publication Scheme. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "No. 38330". The London Gazette. 22 June 1948. p. 3647. Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.('Section 7: ...(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words " Indiae Imperator " and the words " Emperor of India " and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.'). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the Style and Titles 'George VI by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith', and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.
Sources and external links[edit]
RoyalArk - India pages
Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace - Great Mughal Emperors of India
[show]
v
t
e
Middle kingdoms of India
Timeline and
cultural period
Northwestern India
(Punjab-Sapta Sindhu)
Indo-Gangetic Plain Central India Southern India
Upper Gangetic Plain
(Kuru-Panchala)
Middle Gangetic Plain Lower Gangetic Plain
IRON AGE
Culture Late Vedic Period Late Vedic Period
(Brahmin ideology)[a]
Painted Grey Ware culture
Late Vedic Period
(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)[b]
Northern Black Polished Ware
Pre-history
6th century BC Gandhara Kuru-Panchala Magadha Adivasi (tribes)
Culture Persian-Greek influences "Second Urbanisation"
Rise of Shramana movements
Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga
Pre-history
5th century BC (Persian rule) Shishunaga dynasty Adivasi (tribes)
4th century BC (Greek conquests) Nanda empire
HISTORICAL AGE
Culture Spread of Buddhism Pre-history Sangam period
(300 BC – 200 AD)
3rd century BC Maurya Empire Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Satavahana dynasty
Cheras
46 other small kingdoms in Ancient Thamizhagam
Culture Preclassical Hinduism[c] - "Hindu Synthesis"[d] (ca. 200 BC - 300 AD)[e][f]
Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition
Mahayana Buddhism Sangam period
(continued)
(300 BC – 200 AD)
2nd century BC Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Empire
Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Satavahana dynasty
Cheras
46 other small kingdoms in Ancient Thamizhagam
1st century BC
1st century AD
Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians
Kuninda Kingdom
2nd century Kushan Empire
3rd century Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom Kushan Empire Western Satraps Kamarupa kingdom Kalabhra dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Culture "Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. AD 320-650)[g]
Puranas
Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
4th century Kidarites Gupta Empire
Varman dynasty
Kalabhra dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Kadamba Dynasty
Western Ganga Dynasty
5th century Hephthalite Empire Alchon Huns Kalabhra dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Vishnukundina
6th century Nezak Huns
Kabul Shahi
Maitraka Adivasi (tribes) Badami Chalukyas
Kalabhra dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Culture Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. AD 650-1100)[h]
Advaita Vedanta - Tantra
Decline of Buddhism in India
7th century Indo-Sassanids Vakataka dynasty
Empire of Harsha Mlechchha dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Pandyan Kingdom(Revival)
Pallava
8th century Kabul Shahi Pala Empire Pandyan Kingdom
Kalachuri
9th century Gurjara-Pratihara Rashtrakuta dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom
Medieval Cholas
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Cholas)
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
10th century Ghaznavids Pala dynasty
Kamboja-Pala dynasty
Kalyani Chalukyas
Medieval Cholas
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Cholas)
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
Rashtrakuta
[hide]
References and sources for table
References
Jump up ^ Samuel
Jump up ^ Samuel
Jump up ^ Michaels (2004) p.39
Jump up ^ Hiltebeitel (2002)
Jump up ^ Michaels (2004) p.39
Jump up ^ Hiltebeitel (2002)
Jump up ^ Micheals (2004) p.40
Jump up ^ Michaels (2004) p.41
Sources
Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
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Phase margin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In electronic amplifiers, the phase margin (PM) is the difference between the phase and 180°, for an amplifier's output signal (relative to its input) at zero dB gain.
P M = 180 ∘ − | Δ ϕ | {\displaystyle \mathrm {PM} =180^{\circ }-|\Delta \phi |} .
Typically the open-loop phase lag (relative to input) varies with frequency, progressively increasing to exceed 180°, at which frequency the output signal becomes inverted, or antiphase in relation to the input. The PM will be positive but decreasing at frequencies less than the frequency at which inversion sets in (at which PM = 0), and PM is negative (PM < 0) at higher frequencies. In the presence of negative feedback, a zero or negative PM at a frequency where the loop gain exceeds unity (1) guarantees instability. Thus positive PM is a "safety margin" that ensures proper (non-oscillatory) operation of the circuit. This applies to amplifier circuits as well as more generally, to active filters, under various load conditions (e.g. reactive loads). In its simplest form, involving ideal negative feedback voltage amplifiers with non-reactive feedback, the phase margin is measured at the frequency where the open-loop voltage gain of the amplifier equals the desired closed-loop DC voltage gain.[1]
More generally, PM is defined as that of the amplifier and its feedback network combined (the "loop", normally opened at the amplifier input), measured at a frequency where the loop gain is unity, and prior to the closing of the loop, through tying the output of the open loop to the input source, in such a way as to subtract from it.
In the above loop-gain definition, it is assumed that the amplifier input presents zero load. To make this work for non-zero-load input, the output of the feedback network needs to be loaded with an equivalent load for the purpose of determining the frequency response of the loop gain.
It is also assumed that the graph of gain vs. frequency crosses unity gain with a negative slope and does so only once. This consideration matters only with reactive and active feedback networks, as may be the case with active filters.
Phase margin and its important companion concept, gain margin, are measures of stability in closed-loop, dynamic-control systems. Phase margin indicates relative stability, the tendency to oscillate during its damped response to an input change such as a step function. Gain margin indicates absolute stability and the degree to which the system will oscillate, without limit, given any disturbance.
The output signals of all amplifiers exhibit a time delay when compared to their input signals. This delay causes a phase difference between the amplifier's input and output signals. If there are enough stages in the amplifier, at some frequency, the output signal will lag behind the input signal by one cycle period at that frequency. In this situation, the amplifier's output signal will be in phase with its input signal though lagging behind it by 360°, i.e., the output will have a phase angle of −360°. This lag is of great consequence in amplifiers that use feedback. The reason: the amplifier will oscillate if the fed-back output signal is in phase with the input signal at the frequency at which its open-loop voltage gain equals its closed-loop voltage gain and the open-loop voltage gain is one or greater. The oscillation will occur because the fed-back output signal will then reinforce the input signal at that frequency.[2] In conventional operational amplifiers, the critical output phase angle is −180° because the output is fed back to the input through an inverting input which adds an additional −180°.
In practice, feedback amplifiers must be designed with phase margins substantially in excess of 0°, even though amplifiers with phase margins of, say, 1° are theoretically stable. The reason is that many practical factors can reduce the phase margin below the theoretical minimum. A prime example is when the amplifier's output is connected to a capacitive load. Therefore, operational amplifiers are usually compensated to achieve a minimum phase margin of 45° or so. This means that at the frequency at which the open and closed loop gains meet, the phase angle is −135°. The calculation is: -135° - (-180°) = 45°. See Warwick[3] or Stout[4] for a detailed analysis of the techniques and results of compensation to ensure adequate phase margins. See also the article "Pole splitting". Often amplifiers are designed to achieve a typical phase margin of 60 degrees. If the typical phase margin is around 60 degrees then the minimum phase margin will typically be greater than 45 degrees. A phase margin of 60 degrees is also a magic number because it allows for the fastest settling time when attempting to follow a voltage step input (a Butterworth design). An amplifier with lower phase margin will ring[nb 1] for longer and an amplifier with more phase margin will take a longer time to rise to the voltage step's final level.
A related measure is gain margin. While phase margin comes from the phase where the loop gain equals one, the gain margin is based upon the gain where the phase equals -180 degrees.
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Ringing is the displaying of a decaying oscillation for a portion of the output signal's cycle; see ringing artifacts.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Paul Horowitz & Hill W (1989). The art of electronics (Second ed.). Cambridge MA: Dr. Robotnic. § 4.33 pp. 242–249. ISBN 0-521-37095-7.
Jump up ^ Ibid, p. 245.
Jump up ^ K Warwick (1996). An introduction to control systems (Second ed.). Singapore: World Scientific. Chapter 5, pp. 137–196. ISBN 981-02-2597-0. (pb). ISBN 981-02-1563-0 (hc).
Jump up ^ David F Stout & Kaufman M (1976). Handbook of operational amplifier circuit design. NY: McGraw-Hill. Sec. 3–4. ISBN 0-07-061797-X.
See also[edit]
Loop Gain and its Effects on Analog Circuit Performance
BIBO stability
Nyquist stability criterion
Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion
Ringing artifacts
Root locus method
Bode plots & phase margin
Step response & phase margin
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phase_margin&oldid=843161345"
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