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Parenting styles
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A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child. For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child. Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children. Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices.[1] There are various theories and opinions on the best ways to rear children, as well as differing levels of time and effort that parents are willing to invest.
Children go through different stages in life, therefore parents create their own parenting styles from a combination of factors that evolve over time as children begin to develop their own personalities. During the stage of infancy, parents try to adjust to a new lifestyle in terms of adapting and bonding with their new infant. For example, the relationship between the parent and child is attachment. In the stage of adolescence, parents encounter new challenges, such as adolescents seeking and desiring freedom.[2]
Mother carrying an infant child
A child's temperament and parents' cultural patterns have an influence on the kind of parenting style a child may receive.[3] The degree to which a child's education is part of parenting is a further matter of debate.
Early research in parenting and child development found that parents who provide their children with proper nurture, independence and firm control, have children who appear to have higher levels of competence and are socially skilled and proficient.[1] Additional developmental skills result from positive parenting styles including: maintaining a close relationship with others, being self-reliant, and independence. During the mid 1980s, researchers began to explore how specific parenting styles influence a child's later development.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Distinction with parenting practices
2 Theories of child rearing
2.1 Baumrind's Parenting Typology
2.1.1 The three styles
2.1.1.1 Authoritative
2.1.1.2 Authoritarian
2.1.1.3 Indulgent or Permissive
2.1.2 Effects on children
2.2 Other parenting styles
3 Differences for male and female children
4 See also
5 Citations
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Distinction with parenting practices[edit]
Father and children reading
According to a literature review by Christopher Spera (2005), Darling and Steinberg (1993) suggest that it is important to better understand the differences between parenting styles and parenting practices: "Parenting practices are deﬁned as speciﬁc behaviors that parents use to socialize their children", while parenting style is "the emotional climate in which parents raise their children".[1]
One study association that has been made is the difference between "child's outcome and continuous measures of parental behavior". Some of the associations that are listed include the following: support, involvement, warmth, approval, control, monitoring, and harsh punishment. Parenting practices such as parental support, monitoring and firm boundaries appear to be linked to higher school grades, less behavior problems and better mental health. These components have no age limit and can begin early in pre-school leading all the way into college.[5]
Theories of child rearing[edit]
Beginning in the 17th century, two philosophers independently wrote works that have been widely influential in child rearing. John Locke's 1693 book Some Thoughts Concerning Education is a well known foundation for educational pedagogy from a Puritan standpoint. Locke highlights the importance of experiences to a child's development, and recommends developing their physical habits first. In 1762, the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau published a volume on education, Emile: or, On Education.[6] He proposed that early education should be derived less from books and more from a child's interactions with the world. Of these, Rousseau is more consistent with slow parenting, and Locke is more for concerted cultivation.[7]
Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development describes how children represent and reason about the world.[8] This is a developmental stage theory that consists of a Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete operational stage, and Formal operational stage. Piaget was a pioneer in the field of child development and continues to influence parents, educators and other theorists.[9]
Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist, proposed eight life stages through which each person must develop. In order to move on to the next stage, the person must work out a "crisis" in which a new dilemma must be solved.[clarification needed][10] In each stage, they must understand and balance two conflicting forces, and so parents might choose a series of parenting styles that helps each child as appropriate at each stage. The first five of his eight stages occur in childhood: The virtue of hope requires balancing trust with mistrust, and typically occurs from birth to one year old. Will balances autonomy with shame and doubt around the ages of two to three. Purpose balances initiative with guilt around the ages of four to six years. Competence balances industry against inferiority around ages seven to 12. Fidelity contrasts identity with role confusion, in ages 13 to 19. The remaining adult virtues are love, care and wisdom.[11]
Rudolf Dreikurs believed that pre-adolescent children's misbehavior was caused by their unfulfilled wish to be a member of a social group. He argued that they then act out a sequence of four mistaken goals: first they seek attention. If they do not get it, they aim for power, then revenge and finally feel inadequate. This theory is used in education as well as parenting, forming a valuable theory upon which to manage misbehavior.[12] Other parenting techniques should also be used to encourage learning and happiness.He emphasized the significance to establish a democratic family style that adopts a method of periodic democratic family councils and meanwhile avert the punishment.[13] He advances “logical and natural consequences”.[14] That teach children to be responsible and understand the natural consequences of proper rules of conduct and improper behavior.[15]
Frank Furedi is a sociologist with a particular interest in parenting and families. He believes that the actions of parents are less decisive than others claim. He describes the term infant determinism[16] as the determination of a person's life prospects by what happens to them during infancy, arguing that there is little or no evidence for its truth. While commercial, governmental and other interests constantly try to guide parents to do more and worry more for their children, he believes that children are capable of developing well in almost any circumstances. Furedi quotes Steve Petersen of Washington University in St. Louis: "development really wants to happen. It takes very impoverished environments to interfere with development ... [just] don't raise your child in a closet, starve them, or hit them on the head with a frying pan".[17] Similarly, the journalist Tim Gill has expressed concern about excessive risk aversion by parents and those responsible for children in his book No Fear.[18] This aversion limits the opportunities for children to develop sufficient adult skills, particularly in dealing with risk, but also in performing adventurous and imaginative activities.[19]
In 1998, independent scholar Judith Rich Harris published The Nurture Assumption, in which she argued that scientific evidence, especially behavioral genetics, showed that all different forms of parenting do not have significant effects on children's development, short of cases of severe child abuse or child neglect.[20] She proposes two main points for the effects: genetic effects, and social effects involved by the peer groups in which children participate.[21] The purported effects of different forms of parenting are all illusions caused by heredity, the culture at large, and children's own influence on how their parents treat them.[22]
Baumrind's Parenting Typology[edit]
Diana Baumrind is a researcher who focused on the classification of parenting styles. Baumrind’s research is known as “Baumrind’s Parenting Typology”. In her research, she found what she considered to be the four basic elements that could help shape successful parenting: responsiveness vs. unresponsiveness and demanding vs. undemanding.[23] Parental responsiveness refers to the degree to which the parent responds to the child's needs in a supportive and accepting manner.[24][better source needed] Through her studies Baumrind identified three initial parenting styles: Authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting. Maccoby and Martin expanded upon Baumrind’s three original parenting styles by placing parenting styles into two distinct categories: demanding and undemanding.[25] With these distinctions, four new parenting styles were defined:
Maccoby and Martin's Four Parenting Styles
Baumrind's Three Parenting Styles
Demanding
Undemanding
Responsive
Authoritative/Propagative Indulgent
(Permissive)
Unresponsive
Authoritarian/Totalitarian Neglectful
Baumrind believed that parents should be neither punitive nor aloof.[26] Rather, they should develop rules for their children and be affectionate with them. These parenting styles are meant to describe normal variations in parenting, not deviant parenting, such as might be observed in abusive homes.[27] In addition, parenting stress can often cause changes in parental behavior such as inconsistency, increased negative communication, decreased monitoring and/or supervision,[citation needed] setting vague rules or limits on behavior, being more reactive and less proactive, and engaging in increasingly harsh disciplinary behaviors.
The three styles[edit]
Authoritative[edit]
The parent is demanding and responsive. When this style is systematically developed, it grows to fit the descriptions propagative parenting and concerted cultivation.
Authoritative parenting is characterized by a child-centered approach that holds high expectations of maturity. Authoritative parents can understand how their children are feeling and teach them how to regulate their feelings. Even with high expectations of maturity, authoritative parents are usually forgiving of any possible shortcomings.[28] They often help their children to find appropriate outlets to solve problems. Authoritative parents encourage children to be independent but still place limits on their actions.[26] Extensive verbal give-and-take is not refused, and parents try to be warm and nurturing toward the child.[26] Authoritative parents are not usually as controlling as authoritarian parents, allowing the child to explore more freely, thus having them make their own decisions based upon their own reasoning. Often, authoritative parents produce children who are more independent and self-reliant.[29] An authoritative parenting style mainly results when there is high parental responsiveness and high parental demands.[30]
Authoritative parents will set clear standards for their children, monitor the limits that they set, and also allow children to develop autonomy. They also expect mature, independent, and age-appropriate behavior of children. Punishments for misbehavior are measured and consistent, not arbitrary or violent. Often behaviors are not punished but the natural consequences of the child's actions are explored and discussed -allowing the child to see that the behavior is inappropriate and not to be repeated, rather than not repeated to merely avoid adverse consequences.[26] Authoritative parents set limits and demand maturity. They also tend to give more positive encouragement at the right places.[citation needed] However, when punishing a child, the parent will explain his or her motive for their punishment. Children are more likely to respond to authoritative parenting punishment because it is reasonable and fair.[citation needed] A child knows why they are being punished because an authoritative parent makes the reasons known. As a result, children of authoritative parents are more likely to be successful, well liked by those around them, generous and capable of self-determination.[31]
Authoritarian[edit]
See also: Strict father model
The parent is demanding but not responsive.
Authoritarian parenting is a restrictive, punishment-heavy parenting style in which parents make their children follow their directions with little to no explanation or feedback and focus on the child's and family's perception and status.[26][30] Corporal punishment, such as spanking, and shouting are forms of discipline frequently preferred by authoritarian parents. The goal of this style, at least when well-intentioned, is to teach the child to behave, survive, and thrive as an adult in a harsh and unforgiving society by preparing the child for negative responses such as anger and aggression that the child will face if his/her behavior is inappropriate. In addition, advocates of this style often believe that the shock of aggression from someone from the outside world will be less for a child accustomed to enduring both acute and chronic stress imposed by parents.[citation needed]
Authoritarian parenting has distinctive effects on children:
Children raised using this type of parenting may have less social competence because the parent generally tells the child what to do instead of allowing the child to choose by him or herself, making the child appear to excel in the short term but limiting development in ways that are increasingly revealed as supervision and opportunities for direct parental control decline.[32]
Children raised by authoritarian parents tend to be conformist, highly obedient, quiet, and not very happy.[33] These children often suffer from depression and self-blame.[33]
For some children raised by authoritarian parents, these behaviors continue into adulthood.[33]
Children who are resentful of or angry about being raised in an authoritarian environment but have managed to develop high behavioral self-confidence often rebel in adolescence and/or young adulthood.[33]
Children who experience anger and resentment coupled with the downsides of both inhibited self-efficacy and high self-blame often retreat into escapist behaviors, including but not limited to substance abuse, and are at heightened risk for suicide.
Specific aspects of authoritarian styles prevalent among certain cultures and ethnic groups, most notably aspects of traditional Asian child-rearing practices sometimes described as authoritarian,[26] often continued by Asian American families and sometimes emulated by intensive parents from other cultures, may be associated with more positive median child outcomes than Baumrind's model predicts,[citation needed] albeit at the risk of exacerbated downside outcomes exemplified by Asian cultural phenomena such as hikikomori and the heightened suicide rates found in South Korea, in India and by international observers of China before 2014.
Indulgent or Permissive[edit]
The parent is responsive but not demanding.
Indulgent parenting, also called permissive, non-directive, lenient or libertarian,[34] is characterized as having few behavioral expectations for the child. "Indulgent parenting is a style of parenting in which parents are very involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them".[26] Parents are nurturing and accepting, and are responsive to the child's needs and wishes. Indulgent parents do not require children to regulate themselves or behave appropriately.The children will grow into adulthood not accustomed to aggression in others due to their inappropriate behavior which would be a great shock to them. As adults, they will pay less attention in avoiding behaviors which cause aggression in others[citation needed].
Permissive parents try to be "friends" with their child, and do not play a parental role.[35] The expectations of the child are very low, and there is little discipline. Permissive parents also allow children to make their own decisions, giving them advice as a friend would. This type of parenting is very lax, with few punishments or rules.[35] Permissive parents also tend to give their children whatever they want and hope that they are appreciated for their accommodating style. Other permissive parents compensate for what they missed as children, and as a result give their children both the freedom and materials that they lacked in their childhood.[35] Baumrind researched on pre-school children with permissive parents and she came up with a result that children were immature, absence in impulsive control and they were irresponsible because of permissive parenting style.[36]
Children of permissive parents may tend to be more impulsive and as adolescents may engage more in misconduct such as drug use,[citation needed] "Children never learn to control their own behavior and always expect to get their way."[26] But in the better cases they are emotionally secure, independent and are willing to learn and accept defeat. They mature quickly and are able to live life without the help of someone else.[citation needed]
From a recent study,[37]
The teens least prone to heavy drinking had parents who scored high on both accountability and warmth.
So-called 'indulgent' parents, those low on accountability and high on warmth, nearly tripled the risk of their teen participating in heavy drinking.
'Strict parents' or authoritarian parents – high on accountability and low on warmth – more than doubled their teen’s risk of heavy drinking.[37]
Effects on children[edit]
Most studies, mainly in Anglophone countries, have shown that children with authoritative parents have the best outcomes in different areas (behavior, mental and social adjustment...).[38] The case might be different, however, for Asian populations, where the authoritarian style was found as good as the authoritative one. On the other hand, some studies have found a superiority of the indulgent style in Spain,[39] Portugal[40] or Brazil,[41] but the methodology of these studies has been contested.[42] More recently a study has shown that in Spain, while using the same questionnaire used in other countries, the authoritative style continues to be the best one for children.[43]
Other parenting styles[edit]
Attachment parenting
A parenting style framed around psychological attachment theory. Attachment in psychology is defined as “a lasting emotional bond between people”.[44] There are four main types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and disorganized attachment.[45]
Child-centered parenting
A parenting style advocated by Blythe and David Daniel, which focuses on the real needs and the unique person-hood of each child.[46]
Positive parenting
A parenting style overlapping substantially with authoritative parenting and defined by consistent support and guidance through developmental stages.[47]
Concerted cultivation
A specific form of positive parenting characterized by parents' attempts to foster their child's talents through organized extracurricular activities such as music lessons, sports/athletics, and academic enrichment.[48]
Narcissistic parenting
A narcissistic parent is a parent affected by narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder. Typically narcissistic parents are exclusively and possessively close to their children and may be especially envious of, and threatened by, their child's growing independence.[49] The result may be what has been termed a pattern of narcissistic attachment, with the child considered to exist solely for the parent's benefit.[50]
Nurturant parenting
A family model where children are expected to explore their surroundings with protection from their parents.[citation needed]
Overparenting
Parents who try to involve themselves in every aspect of their child's life, often attempting to solve all their problems and stifling the child's ability to act independently or solve his or her own problems[citation needed]. A helicopter parent is a colloquial early 21st-century term for a parent who pays extremely close attention to his or her children's experiences and problems, and attempts to sweep all obstacles out of their paths, particularly at educational institutions. Helicopter parents are so named because, like helicopters, they hover closely overhead, especially during the late adolescence to early adulthood years during which gradual development of independence and self-sufficiency are essential for future success.[51] Modern communication technology has promoted this style by enabling parents to keep watch over their kids through cell phones, emails, and online monitoring of academic grades.[52]
Affectionless control
This parental style combines a lack of warmth and caring (low parental care) with over-control (such as parental criticism, intrusiveness). This has been linked to children's anxiety[53] and to dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem in the children,[54] although it is not necessarily the cause.[53] There is evidence that parental affectionless control is associated with suicidal behavior.[55]
Slow parenting
Encourages parents to plan and organize less for their children, instead allowing them to enjoy their childhood and explore the world at their own pace. Electronics are limited, simplistic toys are utilized, and the child is allowed to develop their own interests and to grow into their own person with lots of family time, allowing children to make their own decisions.[56]
Idle parenting
Toxic parenting
Poor parenting, with a toxic relationship between the parent and child. It results in complete disruption of the child's ability to identify themselves and reduced self-esteem, neglecting the needs of the child. Abuse is sometimes seen in this parenting style.[57] Adults who have suffered from toxic parents are mostly unable to recognize toxic parenting behavior in themselves. Children with toxic parents grow up with damages and pass their damages to their own children.[58]
Dolphin parenting
A term used by psychiatrist Shimi Kang and happiness researcher Shawn Achor to represent a parenting style seen as similar to the nature of dolphins, being "playful, social and intelligent".[59][60] It has been contrasted to "tiger" parenting.[59] According to Kang, dolphin parenting provides a balance between the strict approach of tiger parenting and the lack of rules and expectations that characterizes what she calls "jellyfish parents".[61] Dolphin parents avoid overscheduling activities for their children, refrain from being overprotective, and take into account the desires and goals of their children when setting expectations for behavior and academic success.[62]
Ethnic Minority parenting style
This parenting style was coined out of Authoritarian parenting and it is characterized by exceptionally high academic achievements among children from Asian backgrounds . Ethnic Minority style differs from strict authoritarian parenting by being highly responsive towards children’s needs, while also differing from authoritative parenting by maintaining high demands, and not placing children’s needs as a priority. This style promotes high demandingness and high responsiveness together to produce high academic performance in children.[63]
Differences for male and female children[edit]
Mothers and fathers[where?] tend to pick up different behaviors of parenting based on the sex of their child.[64] Studies have shown that fathers can affect their daughters' emotional adjustment more through the style of parenting they demonstrate rather than through using disciplinary approaches, such as punishment.[65] Also, both a father and mother[where?] sometimes tend to use an authoritative style towards their daughters, while feeling more comfortable switching over to an authoritarian style for sons.[66]
Similarly, mothers[where?] may use a more authoritative style when they parent their daughters. Also, mothers spent more time reasoning with their daughters but mothers tended to favor their sons.[67][68]
See also[edit]
Dysfunctional family
Neglect
Parenting
Resources for Infant Education (RIE)
Hong Kong children
Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother
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Jump up ^ Conrade & Ho, Glenys & Robert (2 February 2011). "Differential parenting styles for fathers and mothers". Australian Journal of Psychology. 53 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1080/00049530108255119.
References[edit]
dangx111 (5 Nov 2011). "The Four Types of Parenting Styles". Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. [better source needed]
Barnhart, C., Raval, V., Jansari, A., Raval, P. (2013). Perception of Parenting Style Among College Students in India and the United States. Journal of Child Family Stud, 22, 684-693.
Bornstein, M. & Putnick, D. (2012). Cognitive and Socioemotional Caregiving in Developing Countries. Child Development, 83(1), 46-61.
Pomeranz, E. & Wang, Q. The Role of Parental Control in Children’s Development in Western and East Asia Countries. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(5), 285-289.
Further reading[edit]
Bower, Bruce (September 2011). "Humans: Recession alters parenting style: Mothers with gene variant became more aggressive". Science News. 180 (7): 9. ISSN 0036-8423. doi:10.1002/scin.5591800706.
Robert Feldman, PhD at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Child Development Third Edition
Morris, A. S., Cui, L., & Steinberg, L. (2013). Parenting research and themes: What we have learned and where to go next. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris, & A. W. Harrist (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 35–58). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Harris. Judith R.. "The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do," New York Times 1998.
Warash, Bobbie. "Are Middle Class Parents Authoritative with a Touch of Permissiveness?." Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 74. 22007 28-31.
Chua, Amy. Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior The Wall Street Journal
Alizadeh, S., Abu Talib, M. B., Abdullah, R., & Mansor, M. (2011). Relationship between Parenting Style and Children's Behavior Problems. Asian Social Science, 7(12), 195-200.
Estep, H. M., & Olson, J. N. (2011). Parenting Style, Academic Dishonesty, and Infidelity in College Students. College Student Journal, 45(4), 830-838.
Grobman, K.H. (2003). Diana Baumrind's (1966) Prototypical Descriptions of 3 Parenting Styles. Retrieved from http://www.devpsy.org/teaching/parent/baumrind_styles.html
Kordi, A., & Baharudin, R. (2010). Parenting Attitude and Style and Its Effect on Children's School Achievements. International Journal Of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 217-222.
Rinaldi, C. M., & Howe, N. (2012). Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles and associations with toddlers’ externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behaviors. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(2), 266-273.
Rivers, J., Mullis, A. K., Fortner, L. A., & Mullis, R. L. (2012). Relationships Between Parenting Styles and the Academic Performance of Adolescents. Journal Of Family Social Work, 15(3), 202-216.
Schary, D. P., Cardinal, B. J., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2012). Parenting style associated with sedentary behaviour in preschool children. Early Child Development & Care, 182(8), 1015–1026.
Williams, K., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. (2012). Inflexible Parents, Inflexible Kids: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents. Journal Of Youth & Adolescence, 41(8), 1053–1066.
Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 17(2), 125-146.
"Attachment Parenting: Q&A with Lysa Parker, co-chairman of Attachment Parenting International." Bundoo.com. Retrieved from http://www.bundoo.com/interviews/attachment-parenting/
External links[edit]
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Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Tina Fey
Robert Carlock
Starring
Ellie Kemper
Tituss Burgess
Carol Kane
Jane Krakowski
Opening theme
"Unbreakable" by The Gregory Brothers and Mike Britt
Composer(s)
Jeff Richmond
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
45 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Tina Fey
Robert Carlock
Jeff Richmond
Jack Burditt
David Miner
Producer(s)
Jerry Kupfer
Sam Means
Dara Schnapper
Editor(s)
Ken Eluto
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
22–36 minutes
Production company(s)
Little Stranger, Inc.
Bevel Gears
3 Arts Entertainment
Universal Television
Distributor
Netflix
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Release
Original network
Netflix
Picture format
1080p (16:9 HDTV) (season 1)
4K (16:9 Ultra HD) (seasons 2-)
Audio format
Dolby Digital 5.1 with Descriptive Video Service track
Original release
March 6, 2015 (2015-03-06) – present (present)
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is an American web television sitcom created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock, starring Ellie Kemper in the title role, that has streamed on Netflix since March 6, 2015.[1] Originally set for a 13-episode first season on NBC for spring 2015, the show was sold to Netflix and given a two-season order.[2]
The series follows 29-year-old Kimmy Schmidt (Kemper) as she adjusts to life in New York City after her rescue from a doomsday cult in the fictional town of Durnsville, Indiana, where she and three other women were held by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm) for 15 years. Determined to be seen as something other than a victim and armed only with a positive attitude, Kimmy decides to restart her life by moving to New York City, where she quickly befriends her street-wise landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane), finds a roommate in struggling actor Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess), and gains a job as a nanny for the melancholy and out-of-touch socialite Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski).
Since its premiere, the show has received critical acclaim,[3] with critic Scott Meslow calling it "the first great sitcom of the streaming era".[4] The series has been nominated for 18 Primetime Emmy Awards, including four nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series.
On June 13, 2017, the show was renewed for a fourth and final season,[5][6] with the first 6 episodes premiering on May 30, 2018.[7] The second half is expected to debut January 25, 2019.[8]
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Episodes
3 Cast and characters
3.1 Main
3.2 Recurring
3.3 Guest
4 Production and development
4.1 Casting
4.2 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Season 1
5.2 Season 2
5.3 Season 3
5.4 Season 4
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Kimmy Schmidt (Ellie Kemper) was in eighth grade when kidnapped for 15 years by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm). The Reverend held Kimmy and three other women hostage in an underground bunker, and convinced them that doomsday had come, gone, and had left them the sole survivors of humanity.
In the first season, the women are rescued, and go on to appear on the Today Show in New York City. After the show, Kimmy decides she does not want to return to Indiana, so she starts a new life in New York City. Roaming around the city, Kimmy comes across landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane). Kaushtupper offers Kimmy a chance to room with Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess) in her downstairs apartment. However, Kimmy has to find a job in order to get the apartment. Returning a child who has tried to steal candy, Kimmy encounters his mother, Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski) a Manhattan trophy wife, who mistakes her for a nanny, and whom Kimmy mistakes as someone trapped in a cult. Soon after, Jacqueline hires Kimmy to be a nanny for her 10-year-old son.[9][10] As Season 1 continues, Kimmy falls in love with a Vietnamese man, Dong (Ki Hong Lee) from her G.E.D. class, goes to court to testify against the Reverend, and discovers how the world has changed in the 15 years she was locked up.
In the second season, Kimmy is sick of working for Jacqueline and acquires a job at a year-round Christmas store and then as an Uber driver. She tries to get over Dong who enters a green card marriage with another G.E.D. student and eventually is deported. As Kimmy tries to move on, so do Titus and Jacqueline, who both find boyfriends. Titus begins dating construction worker Mikey Politano (Mike Carlsen) and Jacqueline begins dating lawyer Russ Snyder (David Cross). Jacqueline also goes back to her Native American heritage and decides to take down the Redskins, who her boyfriend's father happens to own. When Season 2 ends, Titus leaves to be a performer on a cruise and Lillian protests the invasion of hipsters in her neighborhood, while Kimmy makes amends with her mother (Lisa Kudrow) after advice from her therapist (Tina Fey) before receiving a phone call from The Reverend in prison, telling her that they need to get a divorce.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally released
1 13 March 6, 2015 (2015-03-06)
2 13 April 15, 2016 (2016-04-15)
3 13 May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19)
4 13[11] 6 May 30, 2018 (2018-05-30)
7[11] January 25, 2019 (2019-01-25)[12]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Ellie Kemper as Kimberly "Kimmy" Cougar Schmidt, the titular character. Armed with only unflagging optimism, a childlike sense of wonder and an eighth-grade education, she attempts to regain the life that was taken from her and navigate her way through the unfamiliar struggles of New York life.[13]
Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon (born Ronald Wilkerson), Kimmy's flamboyantly gay roommate and an aspiring actor and singer. Melodramatic and self-absorbed, Titus nevertheless cares deeply for, and is very protective of Kimmy. Despite his talent and ego, he is plagued by self-doubt after years of rejection in the business.[13]
Carol Kane as Lillian Kaushtupper, Kimmy and Titus' odd landlady. A proud born-and-bred New Yorker with a long, complex criminal history, she fights tooth and nail against the possible gentrification of her neighborhood (although it soon becomes clear that she hates any form of progress or technology). Despite her willingness to do anything to make a buck, she has a very big heart and will go out of her way to help her tenants.[14]
Jane Krakowski as Jacqueline White (formerly Voorhees; née Jackie Lynn White), a wealthy and insecure socialite who hires Kimmy as a nanny. Despite coming across as arrogant, condescending and out of touch, she is very fond of (and heavily reliant on) her new employee, who helps her gain perspective on her unhappy marriage. She is secretly of Lakota Native American descent and is passing for white. As the series progresses, she gradually reconnects with her family and her culture.[15]
Recurring[edit]
Sara Chase as Cyndee Pokorny, Kimmy's best friend from the cult.
Lauren Adams as Gretchen Chalker, a willing member of the cult, who believes everything she was told.
Sol Miranda as Donna Maria Nuñez, a cult member who pretends to not speak English during her time in the bunker, and is revealed to be using the "Mole Woman" name to advertise products.
Dylan Gelula as Xanthippe Lannister Voorhees, the pretty, popular, and bratty stepdaughter of Jacqueline, who is later revealed to be hiding her high achieving, 'good girl' personality. After her father divorces Jacqueline, she is sent to Connecticut to move back in with her mother, and only appears in one episode in season 2. She returns in season 3, attending Columbia University, where Kimmy starts college.[16]
Ki Hong Lee (Seasons 1 & 2) as Dong Nguyen, Kimmy's GED study buddy and love interest. An undocumented immigrant from Vietnam, he spends much of the show hiding from the authorities under the name "Richard Pennsylvania". He was deported in season 2 of the show.
Adam Campbell (Season 1) as Logan Beekman, a wealthy acquaintance of Julian's, who becomes intrigued by Kimmy after discovering she has no idea he is from one of New York's richest families. They briefly date before his jealousy over Dong spoils their romance.
Mike Britt as Walter Bankston, a witness to the raid on the Bunker, whose remixed interview (set to music by The Gregory Brothers) serves as the series' theme song. Walter Bankston is loosely based on Charles Ramsey, one of the rescuers of the captives of the Ariel Castro kidnappings.[17][18]
Tanner Flood as Buckley Voorhees, Jacqueline's hyperactive, violent son.[19]
Andy Ridings (Season 1) as Charles, Buckley's tutor, who has a crush on Kimmy.
Susanna Guzman as Vera, Jacqueline's housekeeper in season 1 and thus, Kimmy's co-worker. She believes Kimmy looks like "Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers".
Tim Blake Nelson (Season 1) as Randy Shipka, Kimmy's stepfather, a very incompetent state trooper who met Kimmy's mother while searching for and failing to locate the missing Kimmy.[20]
Jon Hamm as Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne, the man who imprisoned Kimmy, Cyndee, Gretchen and Donna Maria in an underground bunker for fifteen years and led them to believe that they had survived the end of the world.
Tina Fey and Jerry Minor (Season 1) as Marcia and Chris, incompetent prosecutors in the case against Richard Wayne. They are heavily implied to be Marcia Clark and Christopher Darden, the lead prosecutors in the OJ Simpson murder case.[21]
Tina Fey (Seasons 2 & 3) as Dr. Andrea Bayden, an alcoholic psychiatrist who begins treating Kimmy for her experiences in the bunker.
Sheri Foster and Gil Birmingham as Fern and Virgil White, Jacqueline's Lakota parents.
Amy Sedaris as Mimi Kanasis, an acquaintance of Jacqueline's who is desperate to regain social status after her divorce.
Fred Armisen as Robert "Bobby" Durst, a former flame of Lillian's. This character is a humorous representation of accused serial killer Robert Durst.
Mike Carlsen as Mikey Politano,[22] a construction worker who started questioning his sexuality after receiving an unexpected answer when he hit on Kimmy in season 1. In season 2, he starts dating Titus. In season 4, Mikey makes another appearance as part of their on-again, off-again relationship.[23]
Anna Camp as Deirdre Robespierre, a wealthy, intelligent and dangerously bored trophy wife who becomes Jacqueline's rival.
Chris Northrop as Meth-Head Charlie, Kimmy and Titus' neighbor.
Doug Plaut (Season 2) as Terry, Kimmy's boss at the year round Christmas Store.
Brandon Jones (Seasons 1 & 2) as Brandon Yeagley, Cyndee's childhood crush and later ex-fiancée.
Julie Tice-Bubolz as Yuko, a humanoid robot.
James Monroe Iglehart as Coriolanus Burt, Titus' rival.
Jason Kravits (Season 1) as Gary Dubbin, Jacqueline's divorce lawyer.
David Cross/Billy Magnussen (Seasons 2 & 3) as Russ Snyder, a pro-bono attorney that Jacqueline pursues.
John Ellison Conlee as Rick, a cast member at Professor Dracula's, a Times Square theme restaurant where Titus works.
Suzan Perry (Seasons 1 & 2) as Sonja, an old and unusual student at Kimmy's GED class. At the end of season 1, she marries Dong so that he can stay in the United States.
Derek Klena (Season 2 & 3) as Doug / DJ Fingablast / Douglas, a dog masseur hired by Jacqueline to become her trophy boyfriend.
Daveed Diggs (Season 3) as Perry, a philosophy student whom Kimmy meets and helps her realize that she needs to go on a different path in her life, and later becomes her love interest.
Peter Riegert (Season 3) as Artie Goodman, an upscale grocery chain owner who initially engages in a feud with Lillian, before they begin a relationship. He later dies in between seasons 3 and 4.
Kenan Thompson (Seasons 2 & 3) as Roland Peacock, Lillian's deceased husband.
Josh Charles (Seasons 2 & 3) as Duke Snyder, Russ' more-favored brother, who tries to seduce Jacqueline.
Judah Friedlander (Season 3) as Gordy, a controversial musician that helps produce Titus' song "Boobs in California".
Elise Mestichelli (Season 4) as Cheryl, a humanoid robot and co-worker of Kimmy.
Bobby Moynihan (Season 4) as Fran Dodd, a Men's Rights Activist.
Stephanie D'Abruzzo (Season 4) as Jan, Kimmy's anthropomorphic backpack
Guest[edit]
Matt Lauer as himself, interviewing the Mole Women on the Today Show ("Kimmy Goes Outside!")
John McMartin as Grant, a friend of the Voorhees' and a war veteran ("Kimmy Goes on a Date!")
Martin Short as Dr. Grant (pronounced "Franff"), Jacqueline's plastic surgeon ("Kimmy Goes to the Doctor!").
Pat Battle as herself, providing a report on the news, advertising the play Titus wishes to audition for ("Kimmy Goes to the Doctor!")
Richard Kind as Mr. Lefkovitz, Kimmy's GED teacher ("Kimmy Goes to School!")
Mark Harelik as Julian Voorhees, Jacqueline's adulterous husband ("Kimmy Goes to a Party!")
Kiernan Shipka as Kymmi, Kimmy's half-sister ("Kimmy Has a Birthday!")
Christine Ebersole as Helene, Xanthippe's biological mother ("Kimmy's in a Love Triangle!")
Dean Norris as M. Le Loup, a coach who helps Titus pass as a straight man in order to improve his casting chances ("Kimmy's in a Love Triangle!")
Robert Osborne as himself, providing a short ending comment on the showing of a fictitious 1938 musical film ("Kimmy's in a Love Triangle!")
Zosia Mamet and Evan Jonigkeit as Sue and Bob Thompstein, a pair of hipsters from Austin ("Kimmy Drives a Car!")
Samuel Page as Keith Habersohl ("Kimmy Walks Into a Bar!")
Joshua Jackson as Purvis ("Kimmy Goes to a Hotel!")
Billy Eichner as himself ("Kimmy Meets a Drunk Lady!")
Jeff Goldblum as Dr. Dave, a talk show host ("Kimmy Meets a Celebrity!")
Ice-T as himself ("Kimmy Sees a Sunset!")
Judy Gold as Judy ("Kimmy Sees a Sunset!")
Lisa Kudrow as Lori-Ann Schmidt, Kimmy's mother. ("Kimmy Finds Her Mom!")
Laura Dern as Wendy Hebert, a woman who wants to marry the Reverend ("Kimmy Can't Help You!")
Adrienne C. Moore as Black Cindy from Orange Is the New Black, whom Gretchen meets when she is sent off to prison. ("Kimmy Steps on a Crack!")
Scott Adsit as Dale Bortz, an impressionist that impersonates Titus for a bladder commercial. ("Kimmy Learns About Weather!")
Maya Rudolph as Dionne Warwick ("Kimmy Does a Puzzle!")
John Lutz as Ricky Earl, the stage manager of the cruise ship Titus works on. ("Kimmy Does a Puzzle!")
Ray Liotta as Paulie Fucillo ("Kimmy Pulls off a Heist!)
Rachel Dratch as Leonora and Dianne ("Kimmy Googles the Internet!")
Andrea Martin as Linda P. ("Kimmy Googles the Internet!")
Andy Cohen as himself ("Kimmy and the Trolley Problem!")
Jim Gaffigan as Officer Krupke ("Kimmy Bites an Onion!")
Greg Kinnear as himself ("Kimmy Is...Little Girl, Big City!")
Aidy Bryant as Tabby Bobatti ("Party Monster: Scratching the Surface")
Marsai Martin as Aisha ("Kimmy and the Beest!")
Busy Philipps as Sheba Goodman, Artie's irresponsible Daughter ("Kimmy meets an Old Friend")
Production and development[edit]
The show was created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock when NBC executives asked them to develop a show for Ellie Kemper.[24] Fey stated that they found an "innocence" about Kemper's face, but also noted there was a "strength" to it.[24] One idea was for the show to center on Kemper's character waking up from a coma, but this idea was abandoned in favor of the cult-survivor storyline.[24]
The show was initially under development for NBC under the title Tooken.[25] However, this was later changed to the current title.[26] Eventually NBC sold the series to Netflix.[1] Fey has stated that this was in part due to NBC "not feeling confident about watching comedies". Prior to the network switch, NBC planned to air the series as either a mid-season replacement or as a summer series.[24]
Casting[edit]
Casting announcements for the remaining roles were held in March 2014, with Tituss Burgess cast as the role of Kimmy's roommate, Titus Andromedon. Titus is a talented singer who works odd entertainment jobs such as dressing up like a robot in Times Square or as a singing waiter at a theme restaurant.[13] Also cast was Carol Kane as Kimmy and Titus' landlord Lillian Kaushtupper.[27]
Shortly afterwards, Sara Chase and Lauren Adams joined the series. Chase signed on for the role of Cyndee, Kimmy's closest friend during their years in the cult; Adams was cast in the role of Gretchen, a 10-year member of the cult who believes everything that she is told.[28] Jane Krakowski was later cast in the role of Jacqueline Voorhees, a wealthy Manhattanite who hires Kimmy as a nanny. Megan Dodds was originally cast before she was replaced with Krakowski.[15]
Music[edit]
The show's theme song, "Unbreakable", was produced by The Gregory Brothers and written by Jeff Richmond.[29] It is a tribute to The Gregory Brothers' YouTube show Songify the News – auto-tuned news interviews that became viral videos. Richmond also wrote "Peeno Noir", a song performed by character Titus Andromedon during season 1, episode 6 of the series.[30]
Reception[edit]
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
The show has been widely acclaimed by television critics, who have praised the writing and cast.[3][31][32][33]
Season 1[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 95%, based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Blessed with originality and a spot-on performance from Ellie Kemper, The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is as odd as it is hilarious."[34] On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[31]
Scott Meslow of The Week called the series "the first great sitcom of the streaming era", praising its wit, edge, and feminist tone.[4] Brian Moylan of The Guardian noted that it is "the sort of show that could benefit from multiple viewings, because the jokes are so packed in you’re sure to miss something while laughing."[35] TV Guide named it the "best new comedy of 2015".[36] IGN reviewer Max Nicholson gave the first season an 8.3 out of 10 'Great' rating, saying "Tina Fey and Robert Carlock's Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is another winner in Netflix's original series catalog. Not only is it charming and funny, but it's unabashedly kooky, and Ellie Kemper nails the lead role."[37]
The series' first season was nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards.[38]
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series Jennifer Euston and Meredith Tucker Nominated
Outstanding Comedy Series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Nominated
Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series Jon Hamm as Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne Nominated
Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Tina Fey as Marcia Nominated
Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Comedy Series or Variety Program Jill Brown Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Jane Krakowski as Jacqueline Voorhees Nominated
Some reviewers have criticized the show's portrayal of Native Americans, with Vulture referring to a prominent Native American subplot as "offensive."[39] BuzzFeed wrote that the show has a "major race problem" and cited the lack of a plurality of portrayals of Native Americans as the main issue with the subplot, stating that "the way Native Americans are represented on this show matters. It's not one representation among a cornucopia of representations; it's the single mainstream representation in years."[40] The Daily Beast stated that when it comes to race, “especially in its portrayal of a key Vietnamese character, the show leaves much to be desired.” [41]
In the wake of the controversy, Tina Fey responded: "I feel like we put so much effort into writing and crafting everything, they need to speak for themselves. There's a real culture of demanding apologies, and I'm opting out of that."[42]
Season 2[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season holds a 100% approval rating, based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Not letting up in season two, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is still odd in the best of ways, wonderfully building on its unique comedy stylings and brilliantly funny cast."[43] On Metacritic, the second season has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 16 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[32]
The series' second season was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards.[38]
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series Cindy Tolan Nominated
Outstanding Comedy Series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Ellie Kemper as Kimmy Schmidt Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon Nominated
There was controversy surrounding the third episode from this season, “Kimmy Goes to a Play!,” which involved the use of yellow-face and the name of a group of Asian-Americans who were critical of yellow-face. The group is referred to as "Respectful Asian Portrayals in Entertainment", or "R.A.P.E" for short. The Asian-Americans shown protesting against yellow-face in the episode are conveyed as unlikable buffoons. Anna Akana criticized the use of yellow-face and the R.A.P.E. acronym during her 2016 Asians in Entertainment Key Note speech. Alex Abad-Santos wrote, “The odd thing about this episode is that it's another Tina Fey project that paints Asian people, specifically Asian women, as crappy characters. [...] The plot feels like a pointed, ironic response to anyone who has criticized Fey's past projects for being lazy and racist.”[44]
Season 3[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season holds a 96% approval rating, based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 8.18/10. The site's critical consensus states: "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt continues to thrive with a comically agile cast, notable guest stars, and a forceful influx of funny."[45] On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[33]
The series' third season was nominated for five Primetime Emmy Awards.[38]
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Outstanding Comedy Series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Ellie Kemper as Kimmy Schmidt Nominated
Outstanding Music and Lyrics "Hell No" Nominated
Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Comedy Series or Variety Program Jill Brown Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon Nominated
Season 4[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season holds a 100% approval rating, based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 8.33/10. The site's critical consensus states: "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ends with a final season that's as topical as it is cheerily irreverent."[46] On Metacritic, the fourth season has a score of 85 out of 100, based on 6 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[47]
The series' fourth season was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards.[38]
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Outstanding Comedy Series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Pending
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon Pending
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Wallenstein, Andrew (November 21, 2014). "Netflix Nabs 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' from NBC". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 11, 2014). "NBC 2014-2015 Schedule: 'Parenthood' Renewed; 'State of Affairs' & 'Marry Me' To Air Post-'Voice'; 'The Blacklist' Moves Midseason + 'Parks and Recreation' Final Season Benched". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Has Two Native American Actors. It Needed Three". Indian Country Today Media Network. March 11, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Is the First Great Sitcom of the Streaming Era". The Week. The Week Publications. March 11, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (2017-06-13). "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Renewed For Season 4 By Netflix". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
Jump up ^ O’Connell, Michael (2018-05-03). "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Will End With Season 4, With Talks of a Movie". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
Jump up ^ H, Hanis (2018-02-14). "'Netflix's 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' returns May 30th". engadget. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
Jump up ^ Gelman, Vlada (31 May 2018). "TVLine Items: Kimmy Schmidt's Final Episodes, Tangled Renewed and More".
Jump up ^ Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, 2015-03-06, retrieved 2016-04-18 [unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt': Inside the Crazier-Than-Ever Comedy". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Video: Netflix Releases New Trailer for "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt"". The Futon Critic. May 16, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Maas, Jennifer (May 31, 2018). "Second Half of 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Season 4 to Premiere Next Year (Exclusive)". The Wrap. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Andreeva, Nellie (March 1, 2014). "'30 Rock's Tituss Burgess Joins Tina Fey & Robert Carlock's NBC Series 'Tooken'". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Netflix to Premiere Globally in March 2015 the New Tina Fey and Robert Carlock Comedy Series Starring Ellie Kemper". The Futon Critic. Futon Media. November 23, 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Reed, Kayla (May 12, 2014). "Jane Krakowski joining Tina Fey's New NBC Sitcom". The A.V. Club. The Onion, Inc. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Giacomo Gianniotti Joins ABC's 'Selfie'; Andy Ridings & Dylan Gelula In NBC's 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt'". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. August 15, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Harris, Aisha (March 11, 2015). "The Creators of Kimmy Schmidt's Theme on Sending Up the "Hilarious Black Neighbor" Meme". Slate. The Slate Group. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rosenberg, Alyssa (March 10, 2015). "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' mines comedy out of sexual abuse". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tina Fey's "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" starring Ellie Kemper on Netflix March 6th". The Laugh Button. January 7, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Levine, Daniel S (April 17, 2015). "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' recap 9: 'Kimmy Has A Birthday!'". The Celebrity Cafe. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Virtel, Louis (March 11, 2015). "Weird Crush Wednesday: Tina Fey's Idiotic 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Character". HitFix. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mike Carlsen". IMDb. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Haring, Bruce (11 May 2018). "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Sets Fourth Netflix Season Guest Stars and Teases Storylines". Deadline. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d D'Alessandro, Anthony. "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt's Tina Fey & Robert Carlock On Netflix And Their Modern Princess Tale". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (October 31, 2013). "NBC Picks Up Comedy Series From '30 Rock's Tina Fey & Robert Carlock Starring Ellie Kemper With 13-Episode Order". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: Tuesday, May 6 – NBC Gives "Tooken" New Moniker of "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt"". The Futon Critic. Futon Media. May 6, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gray, Ellen (March 5, 2015). "'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' an escape-from-cult comedy". Philly.com. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: Wednesday, March 19". The Futon Critic. Futon Media. April 5, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt - Songify This!. 6 March 2015 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Villarreal, Yvonne (March 31, 2015). "'Kimmy Schmidt' composer Jeff Richmond on the show's viral-friendly songs". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt – Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt – Season 2 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt – Season 3 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt – Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. March 6, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Moylan, Brian (March 6, 2015). "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Tina Fey's joyous new creation". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Eng, Joyce (March 5, 2015). "Netflix's Sunny, Dark Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Is the Best New Comedy This Year". TV Guide. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nicholson, Max (March 6, 2015). "Unbreakable Kimy Schmidt: Season 1 Review". IGN. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt – AWARDS & NOMINATIONS". Television Academy Foundation. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hill, Libby (March 10, 2015). "What's Up With the Native American Subplot on Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt?". Vulture. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petersen, Anne Helen; Madison III, Ira; Alvarez, Alex (March 17, 2015). "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Has A Major Race Problem". BuzzFeed. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bergado, Gabe (March 9, 2015). "The Dong Problem: How 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Deals With Race". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ge, Linda (December 19, 2015). "Tina Fey Dodges 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Controversy: 'I'm Opting Out'". The Wrap. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt - Season 2 Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Abad-Santos, Alex; Framke, Caroline (April 19, 2016). "Why does Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt keep choosing race as a hill to die on?". Vox. Vox Media. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt - Season 3 Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt - Season 4 Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt – Season 4 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
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Brian Patrick Wade
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Brian Patrick Wade
Born
(1978-06-09) June 9, 1978 (age 39)
Occupation
Actor, personal trainer
Years active
2002–present
Height
1.93 m (6 ft 4 in) (6'4")
Brian Patrick Wade (born June 9, 1978) is an American actor and physical trainer, best known for his television roles as Capt. Craig Schwetje in the mini-series Generation Kill, as Kurt, Penny's former love interest, in The Big Bang Theory, and as the Alpha Werewolf Ennis on Teen Wolf.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Career[edit]
Wade made his debut in 2002 as a hunky lap dancer on CSI: Miami. He later appeared in the films Latter Days and The Guardian.
He later appeared on television in episodes of Two and a Half Men, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, NCIS, Las Vegas, Surface, 'Til Death, The Closer, The Game, and Teen Wolf. He appeared in three episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. portraying Carl "Crusher" Creel, also known as the Absorbing Man.[2]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2002 Sabrina, The Teenage Witch Kim
2004 Bring It On Again Fathead
2005 Las Vegas Muscular Guy
2006 Two and a Half Men Sam
The Guardian Mitch Lyons
2007, 2009 The Big Bang Theory Kurt
2008 Generation Kill Cpt. Craig "Encino Man" Schwetje
2013 Teen Wolf Ennis
2014 The Mentalist Martin Hagen
2014–16 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D Carl Creel / Absorbing Man
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Profile, tcm.com; accessed August 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Profile, superherohype.com; accessed August 30, 2014.
External links[edit]
Brian Patrick Wade on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 120528315
LCCN: no2010057701
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brian_Patrick_Wade&oldid=816650389"
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1978 births
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American male film actors
American male television actors
American male models
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21st-century American male actors
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This page was last edited on 22 December 2017, at 19:23.
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