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United States Forces Korea
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United States Forces Korea
주한 미군
USFK
Active
1 July 1957–present
Country
United States of America
Type
Subordinate Unified Command
Size
23,468 personnel
Headquarters
Yongsan Garrison, Seoul, South Korea
Nickname(s)
USFK
Commanders
Current
commander
General Vincent K. Brooks, USA
Notable
commanders
General George Decker
General Hamilton H. Howze
General John W. Vessey
General John A. Wickham
Insignia
Distinctive Unit Insignia
United States Forces Korea
Hangul
주한미군
Hanja
駐韓美軍
Revised Romanization
Juhanmigun
McCune–Reischauer
Chuhanmigun
United States Forces Korea (USFK) is a sub-unified command of United States Pacific Command (USPACOM). USFK is the joint headquarters through which U.S. combat forces would be sent to the South Korea/US (ROK/U.S.) Combined Forces Command’s (CFC) fighting components — the combined ground, air, naval, marine and special operations forces component commands. Major USFK elements include Eighth U.S. Army (EUSA), U.S. Air Forces Korea (Seventh Air Force), U.S. Naval Forces Korea (CNFK), U.S. Marine Forces Korea (MARFORK) and Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR). It was established on 1 July 1957.
Its mission is to support the United Nations Command and Combined Forces Command by coordinating and planning among U.S. component commands, and exercise operational control of U.S. forces as directed by United States Pacific Command.
USFK has Title 10 authority, which means that USFK is responsible for organizing, training and equipping U.S. forces on the Korean Peninsula so that forces are agile, adaptable and ready.
With 23,468 American soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines in South Korea, U.S. forces in South Korea are a major presence in the region and a key manifestation of the U.S. government's aim to rebalance toward the Asia-Pacific. The USFK mission also includes planning non-combatant evacuation operations to ensure that if the need arises, U.S. and other previously agreed-upon countries' citizens are removed from harm's way. To this end, USFK conducts routine exercises to ensure that this process is effective, efficient, and orderly.
Contents
[hide]
1 Components
2 United Nations Command and Combined Forces Command
3 Commanders, U.S. Forces Korea
4 History
4.1 1950s
4.2 1960s
4.3 1970s
4.4 1980s
4.5 1990s
4.6 2000s
4.7 2010s
4.8 Number of U.S. soldiers stationed in South Korea by year
5 Exercises
6 Shoulder sleeve insignia
6.1 Description
6.2 Symbolism
6.3 Background
7 Controversy
7.1 Gwangju Uprising
7.2 21st century
7.3 Relationships between U.S. soldiers and South Korean women
7.4 South Korean nationality military service issue
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Components[edit]
Eighth United States Army; Headquarters: Camp Humphreys, South Korea; authorized about 20,000 Soldiers
Seventh Air Force; Headquarters: Osan Air Base, South Korea; authorized about 8,000 Airmen
Commander Naval Forces Korea (CNFK); Headquarters: Yongsan Garrison, South Korea; authorized about 300 Sailors
Marine Forces Korea (MARFORK); Headquarters: Yongsan Garrison, South Korea; authorized about 100 Marines
Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR): Headquarters: Camp Kim, Yongsan, South Korea; authorized about 100 members
United Nations Command and Combined Forces Command[edit]
While USFK is a separate organization from United Nations Command (UNC) and CFC, its mission is to support both UNC and CFC by coordinating and planning among US component commands and providing US supporting forces to the CFC. As such, USFK continues to support the ROK-US Mutual Defense Treaty.
In response to the North Korean attack against South Korea on 25 June 1950, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) established the UNC as a unified command under the US in UNSC Resolution 84 on 7 July 1950. The UNC mission was to assist South Korea to repel the attack and restore international peace and security in Korea. Throughout the war, 53 nations provided support to the UNC; 16 nations provided combat forces and five sent medical and hospital units. After three years of hostilities, the commanders of both sides signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953.
Hostilities today are also deterred by this bi-national defense team that evolved from the multi-national UNC. Established on 7 November 1978, the ROK-US Combined Forces Command (CFC) is the warfighting headquarters. Its role is to deter, or defeat if necessary, outside aggression against the ROK.
Commanders, U.S. Forces Korea[edit]
Image
Name
Start
End
Gen. George Decker 1 July 1957 30 June 1959
Gen. Carter B. Magruder 1 July 1959 30 June 1961
Gen. Guy S. Meloy 1 July 1961 31 July 1963
Gen. Hamilton H. Howze 1 August 1963 15 June 1965
Gen. Dwight E. Beach 16 June 1965 31 August 1966
Gen. Charles H. Bonesteel, III 1 September 1966 30 September 1969
Gen. John H. Michaelis 1 October 1969 31 August 1972
Gen. Donald V. Bennett 1 September 1972 31 July 1973
Gen. Richard G. Stilwell 1 August 1973 8 October 1976
Gen. John W. Vessey, Jr. 8 October 1976 10 July 1979
Gen. John A. Wickham, Jr. 10 July 1979 4 June 1982
Gen. Robert W. Sennewald 4 June 1982 1 June 1984
Gen. William J. Livsey 1 June 1984 25 June 1987
Gen. Louis C. Menetrey, Jr. 25 June 1987 26 June 1990
Gen. Robert W. RisCassi 26 June 1990 15 June 1993
Gen. Gary E. Luck 15 June 1993 9 July 1996
Gen. John H. Tilelli, Jr. 9 July 1996 9 December 1999
Gen. Thomas A. Schwartz 9 December 1999 1 May 2002
Gen. Leon J. Laporte 1 May 2002 3 February 2006
Gen. B.B. Bell 3 February 2006 3 June 2008
Gen. Walter "Skip" Sharp 3 June 2008 14 July 2011
Gen. James D. Thurman 14 July 2011 2 October 2013
Gen. Curtis M. Scaparrotti 2 October 2013 30 April 2016
Gen. Vincent K. Brooks 30 April 2016 Present
History[edit]
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The following is a partial list of border incidents involving North Korea since the Armistice Agreement of 27 July 1953, ended large scale military action of the Korean War. Most of these incidents took place near either the Korean Demilitarized Zone or the Northern Limit Line. This list includes engagements on land, air and sea but does not include alleged incursions and terrorist incidents that occurred away from the border.
Many of the incidents occurring at sea are due to border disputes. The North claims jurisdiction over a large area south of the disputed western maritime border, the Northern Limit Line in the waters west of the Korean Peninsula. This is a prime fishing area, particularly for crabs, and clashes commonly occur. In addition, the North claims its territorial waters extend for 50 nautical miles (90 km) from the coast, rather than the 12 nautical miles (22 km) recognized by other countries. According to the 5 January 2011 Korea Herald, since July 1953 North Korea has violated the armistice 221 times, including 26 military attacks.[1]
1950s[edit]
16 February 1958: North Korean agents hijack a South Korean airliner to Pyongyang en route from Pusan to Seoul; one American pilot, one American passenger, two West German passengers and 24 other passengers were released in early March, but eight other passengers remained in the North.[2]
1960s[edit]
Sgt. Charles Jenkins in 2007.
May 1962: Pvt. Larry Allen Abshier abandoned his post in South Korea in May 1962 when he crept away from his base and crossed the DMZ into North Korea. Abshier was the first to defect. Also in May 1962, Cpl. Jerry Parrish crossed the DMZ into North Korea. His reasons for defecting, according to Jenkins' autobiography The Reluctant Communist, were "personal, and [Parrish] didn't elaborate about them much except to say that if he ever went home, his father-in-law would kill him."[3]
Aug 1962: James Joseph Dresnok was a Pfc. with a U.S. Army unit along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Soon after his arrival he found himself facing a court martial for forging signatures on paperwork that gave him permission to leave base and which, ultimately, led to his being AWOL (Absent Without Official Leave).[4] Unwilling to face punishment, on 15 August 1962, while his fellow soldiers were eating lunch, he ran across a minefield in broad daylight into North Korean territory, where he was quickly apprehended by North Korean soldiers. Dresnok was taken by train to Pyongyang, the North Korean capital, and interrogated.[5]
1964: North Korea creates an underground group: Revolution Party for Reunification. This group is ground down and eliminated by South Korean authorities by 1969 [6]
Jan 1965: Charles Jenkins, the most notable case, defected to North Korea. In South Korea he was assigned to night patrols. As a result of fears that he would be transferred to combat duty in Vietnam, he grew depressed and anxious, and started drinking alcohol. On the night of 4 January 1965, after reportedly drinking ten beers, he set off on his nightly patrol of the Demilitarized Zone. In the early morning he told his patrol that he was going to investigate a noise.[7] He subsequently crossed into North Korea and surrendered to forces there, in hopes of being sent to Russia and then, through prisoner exchange, eventually returned to America. Shortly thereafter North Korean propaganda declared that a U.S. sergeant had defected, and broadcast statements allegedly made by the defector, reportedly in stilted English. The U.S. Army claimed Jenkins wrote four letters stating his intention to defect (an allegation Jenkins denies); however, the original letters are reportedly lost. His relatives maintained throughout his absence that he was abducted.[7]
27 April 1965: Two North Korean MiG-17s attack a United States EC-121 Warning Star reconnaissance plane in the waters east of the Korean Peninsula, 80 km (50 mi) from the North Korean shore. The aircraft was damaged, but managed to land at Yokota Air Base, Japan.[8][9]
17 January 1968: In an incident known as the Blue House Raid, a 31-man detachment from the Korean People's Army secretly crossed the DMZ on a mission to kill South Korean President Park Chung-hee on 21 January, nearly succeeding. The incursion was discovered after South Korean civilians confronted the North Koreans and informed South Korean authorities. After entering Seoul disguised as South Korean soldiers, the North Koreans attempt to enter the Blue House (the official residence of the President of South Korea). They are confronted by South Korean police and a firefight ensued. The North Koreans fled Seoul and individually attempted to cross the DMZ back to North Korea. Of the original group of 31 North Koreans, 28 were killed, one was captured and two are unaccounted for. Additionally, 68 South Koreans were killed and 66 were wounded, the majority of whom were soldiers and police officers. Three American soldiers were also killed and three were wounded.[10]
23 January 1968: The United States Naval ship the USS Pueblo is boarded and captured, along with its crew, by North Korean forces in the waters east of the Korean Peninsula. The entire crew of 83 is captured, with the exception of one sailor killed in the initial attack on the vessel, and the vessel was taken to a North Korean port. All the captives were released on 23 December of the same year via the Bridge of No Return at the DMZ. The USS Pueblo is still in North Korean possession and is docked in Pyongyang and is on display as a museum ship.[11]
30 October 1968: From 30 October-2 November 120-130 North Korean commandos land on the northeast shore of South Korea, allegedly to establish a base in order to wage a guerrilla war against the South Korean government. A total of 110-113 were killed, seven were captured and 13 escaped. Around 20 South Korean civilians, law enforcement officers and soldiers were killed.[9][12]
March 1969: Six North Korean commandos kill a South Korean police officer near Jumunjin, Gangwon-do. Seven American soldiers are killed in a North Korean attack along the DMZ.[13]
April 1969: An EC-121, U.S. reconnaissance plane is shot down 90 miles (140 km) east of the North Korean coast, leaving 31 dead.
November 1969: Four U.S. soldiers are killed by North Koreans in the Demilitarized Zone.
1970s[edit]
Axe murder incident on August 18, 1976.
April 1970: In Geumchon, a region of Paju south of the DMZ, a clash leaves three North Korean soldiers dead and five South Korean soldiers wounded.
June 1970: The North Korean navy seizes a broadcast vessel from the South near the Northern Limit Line. Twenty crewmen are captured.
February 1974: Two South Korean fishing vessels are sunk and 30 crew detained by the North.
1974: The first tunnel into ROK is discovered (the three following tunnels were found in 1975, 1978, 1990)[6]
June 1976: An incursion south of the DMZ in Gangwon-do leaves three dead from the North and six from the South.
18 August 1976: The Korean axe murder incident—an attempt to clear brush in the Demilitarized Zone near Panmunjom ends with two U.S. soldiers dead.
October 1979: Three North Koreans enter the eastern DMZ. One is killed.
December 1979: One U.S. Army soldier killed, three U.S. soldiers wounded after stumbling into a North Korean minefield in a heavy fog while patrolling DMZ. One body is recovered from the North Koreans five days later.
1980s[edit]
March 1980: Three North Koreans are killed while trying to cross the Han River estuary.
May 1980: North Koreans engage OP Ouillette on DMZ in firefight. One North Korean WIA.
March 1981: Three North Koreans try to enter the South in Geumhwa-eup, Cheorwon, Gangwon-do; one is killed.
July 1981: Three North Koreans are killed trying to cross the Imjin River to the South.
November 1984: Nine North Korean soldiers and one South Korean soldier die, and one American soldier is wounded, during a firefight that erupted when a North Korean security detail chased a defecting Soviet citizen (Vasily Matusak) across the MDL into the southern-controlled sector of the Joint Security Area.
November 1987: One South Korean killed on DMZ central sector by North Korean sniper fire.
1990s[edit]
May 1992: Three North Korean soldiers in South Korean uniforms are killed in Cheolwon, Gangwon-do; three South Korean soldiers are wounded.
December 1994: North Koreans shoot down US Army helicopter. One US KIA and one US POW for 13 days.
May 1995: North Korean forces fire on a South Korean fishing boat, killing three crewmen.
October 1995: Two armed North Koreans are discovered at the Imjin River; one is killed.
April 1996: Several hundred armed North Korean troops cross repeatedly into the Demilitarized Zone.
May 1996: Seven Northern soldiers cross south of the Demilitarized Zone, but withdraw after warning shots are fired.
May & June 1996: North Korean vessels twice cross the Northern Limit Line and have a several-hour standoff with the South Korean navy.
April 1997: Five North Korean soldiers cross the Demilitarized Zone in Cheolwon, Gangwon-do, and fire on South Korean positions.
June 1997: Three North Korean vessels cross the Northern Limit Line and attack South Korean vessels two miles (3 km) south of the line. On land, 14 North Korean soldiers cross 70m south of the center of the DMZ, leading to a 23-minute exchange of fire.
June 1999: A series of clashes between North and South Korean vessels takes place in the waters west of the Korean Peninsula near the Northern Limit Line.
2000s[edit]
2001: On 12 separate occasions, North Korean vessels cross the Northern Limit Line and then withdraw.
27 November 2001: North and South Korean forces exchange fire without injuries.
29 June 2002: Renewed naval clashes near the Northern Limit Line lead to the deaths of four South Korean sailors and the sinking of a South Korean vessel. The number of North Koreans killed is unknown.
16 November 2002: South Korean forces fire warning shots at a Northern boat crossing the Northern Limit Line. The boat withdraws. A similar incident is repeated on 20 November.
19 February 2003: A North Korean fighter plane crosses seven miles (11 km) south of the Northern Limit Line, and returns north after being intercepted by six South Korean planes.
2 March 2003: Four North Korean fighter jets intercept a US reconnaissance plane over the waters east of the Korean Peninsula.
17 July 2003: North and South Korean forces exchange fire at the DMZ around 6:00 am. The South Korean army reports four rounds fired from the North and 17 from the South. No injuries are reported.[14]
1 November 2004: North Korean vessels, claiming to be in pursuit of illegal fishing craft, cross the Northern Limit Line and are fired upon by the South. The vessels withdraw three hours later.
30 July 2006: Several rounds are exchanged near a South Korean post in Yanggu, Gangwon.
Wikinews has related news: Korean navies exchange fire
10 November 2009: Naval vessels from the two Koreas exchanged fire in the area of the NLL, reportedly causing serious damage to a North Korean patrol ship.[15] For more details of this incident, see Battle of Daecheong.
2010s[edit]
26 March 2010: A South Korean naval vessel, the ROKS Cheonan, was allegedly sunk by a North Korean torpedo near Baengnyeong Island in the waters west of the Korean Peninsula. A rescue operation recovered 58 survivors but 46 sailors died. On 20 May 2010 a South Korean-led international investigation group concluded that the sinking of the warship was in fact the result of a North Korean torpedo attack.[16][17] North Korea denied involvement.[18] The United Nations Security Council made a Presidential Statement condemning the attack but without identifying the attacker.[19]
23 November 2010: North Korea fired artillery at South Korea's Greater Yeonpyeong island in the waters west of the Korean Peninsula and South Korea returned fire. Two South Korean marines and two South Korean civilians were killed, six were seriously wounded and ten were treated for minor injuries. Approximately 70 South Korean houses were destroyed.[20][21][22] North Korean casualties were unknown, but Lee Hong-gi, the Director of Operations of the South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), claimed that as a result of the South Korean retaliation "there may be a considerable number of North Korean casualties".[23]
2014: Some of the American forces that had withdrawn from South Korea to take part in the Iraq invasion have been replaced by the nine-month-long deployment of a battalion from the 1st Cavalry Division.[24]
Number of U.S. soldiers stationed in South Korea by year[edit]
Year
Number
1950 510
1951 326,863
1952 326,863
1953 326,863
1954 225,590
1955 75,328
1956 68,813
1957 71,045
1958 46,024
1959 49,827
1960 55,864
1961 57,694
1962 60,947
1963 56,910
1964 62,596
1965 58,636
1966 47,076
1967 55,057
1968 62,263
1969 66,531
1970 52,197
1971 40,740
1972 41,600
1973 41,864
1974 40,387
1975 40,204
1976 39,133
1977 40,705
1978 41,565
1979 39,018
1980 38,780
1981 38,254
1982 39,194
1983 38,705
1984 40,785
1985 41,718
1986 43,133
1987 44,674
1988 45,501
1989 44,461
1990 41,344
1991 40,062
1992 35,743
1993 34,830
1994 36,796
1995 36,016
1996 36,539
1997 35,663
1998 36,890
1999 35,913
2000 36,565
2001 37,605
2002 37,743
2003 41,145
2004 40,840
2005 30,983
[25]
Exercises[edit]
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Each year the ROK, the US and a selection of Sending States from the United Nations Command participate in multiple defense-oriented, combined and joint training events designed to defend the Republic of Korea, protect the region, and maintain and increase stability on the Korean peninsula.
Ulchi-Freedom Guardian, Key Resolve, and Foal Eagle, in addition to multiple Rehearsal of Concept (ROC) Drills, are the three theater level exercises.
Ulchi-Freedom Guardian (UFG) is an annual simulation driven, command transformation-oriented Command Post Exercise (CPX). Elements of the ROK and US governments participate, as well as ROK and US forces from on and off the Korean peninsula. UFG integrates the annual ROK government exercise "Ulchi", which focuses on procedures for transitioning to war, government support. Ulchi also emphasizes ROK procedures for coordination between government and military organizations from the national to local level. UFG typically incorporates the following components: a Crisis Management Exercise focused on strategic and operational decisions needed to defuse a crisis, or posture the command for successful execution of the appropriate OPLAN if the enemy actions dictate; a Senior Leader Seminar (SLS) designed to foster senior-level discussion on a variety of topics related to crisis management and war-fighting; and a two-week Computer Assisted Exercise that exercises the transition to war, defense, and counteroffensive phases of the war-fight. The exercise culminates in detailed senior leader level After-Action Reviews (AARs).
Key Resolve (KR) is over the course of a two-week-long CFC and ROK crisis management and war-fighting exercise. It provides invaluable opportunities to evaluate, train, and improves combined and joint coordination, procedures, plans and systems necessary for the conduct of contingency operations by ROK and US forces. It is a simulation driven Command Post exercise that exercises the defense of the ROK and the ability of the US to bring forces into the Theater of Operations to participate in that defense. The exercise culminates in detailed senior leader level AARs.
Foal Eagle (FE) is a series of component-sponsored joint and combined Field Training Exercises (FTX) that support training of OPLAN related tasks via participation of selected off-peninsula units. FE demonstrates US power projection and rapid deployment capabilities and is conducted concurrently, but not linked to, the KR CPX. Tactical units are the primary FE FTX training audience exercising all aspects of CFC's mission; rear area security, support operations, RSOI, special operations, ground maneuver, expeditionary operations, air combat operations, and maritime operations.
Shoulder sleeve insignia[edit]
Description[edit]
A shield-shaped embroidered device 3 1/8 inches (7.94 cm) in height and 2 1/2 inches (6.35 cm) in width overall blazoned: azure, in chief four mullets bendwise argent, all above a stylized American bald eagle, issuant from sinister base volant to dexter chief; the eagle’s body gules surmounted by two bendlets, wider at base, of the second throughout; head of the second, eyed of the field, leg and talons of the second grasping a laurel branch and seven arrows or. The entire shield shape is edged with a 1/16 inch(.16 cm) white border. Attached above the device is a designation band in scarlet inscribed "USFK" in white letters. The entire device is edged with a 1/8 inch (.32 cm) blue border.
Symbolism[edit]
The shield shape reflects the United States Forces Korea’s steadfast commitment to defend the sovereignty of South Korea. The abbreviation "USFK" stands for United States Forces Korea which activated on 1 July 1957. The four stars symbolize the service and contributions of the United States Army, United States Navy, United States Air Force, and the United States Marine Corps. The stylized American bald eagle represents cohesion and unity among the services. The laurel sprigs and arrows depict the mission of the United States Forces Korea to defeat aggression if necessary. Red, white, and blue are the colors of the flag of the United States of America. Red symbolizes hard work and honor, white represents innocence and purity, and blue refers to justice and perseverance. Yellow signifies wisdom and intuition.
Background[edit]
The shoulder sleeve insignia was approved on 18 June 2012. (TIOH Dwg. No. A-1-1077).[26]
Controversy[edit]
Further information: Gwangju Uprising, Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military, U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces Agreement, and Yangju highway incident
United States Forces Korea warns American soldiers not to hire prostitutes or get involved in human trafficking.
South Koreans protest the expansion of Camp Humphreys in 2006.
Gwangju Uprising[edit]
The 1980s marked a surge in anti-Americanism in Korea, widely traced to the events of May 1980.[27]
Gwangju convinced a new generation of young [Koreans] that the democratic movement had developed not with the support of Washington, as an older generation of more conservative Koreans thought, but in the face of daily American support for any dictator who could quell the democratic aspirations of the Korean people. The result was an anti-American movement in the 1980s that threatened to bring down the whole structure of American support for the ROK. American cultural centers were burned to the ground (more than once in Gwangju); students immolated themselves in protest of Reagan's support for Chun [Doo-hwan].[28]
Fundamental to this movement was a perception of U.S. complicity in Chun's rise to power, and, more particularly, in the Gwangju massacre itself. These matters remain controversial. It is clear, for example, that the U.S. authorized the Korean Army's 20th Division to re-take Gwangju – as acknowledged in a 1982 letter to the New York Times by then-Ambassador Gleysteen.
[General Wickham], with my concurrence, permitted transfer of well-trained troops of the twentieth R.O.K.A. Division from martial-law duty in Seoul to Gwangju because law and order had to be restored in a situation that had run amok following the outrageous behavior of the Korean Special Forces, which had never been under General Wickham's command.[29]
However, as Gwangju Uprising editors Scott-Stokes and Lee note, whether the expulsion of government troops left the situation lawless or "amok" is very much open to dispute.
21st century[edit]
In 2002, anti-American sentiment in South Korea spiked after two U.S. soldiers in an M60 armored vehicle-launched bridge (AVLB) accidentally hit and killed two South Korean teenage girls in the Yangju highway incident.[30]
An expansion of Camp Humphreys later in the decade served as a catalyst for the Daechuri Protests, drawing thousands of South Korean citizens,[31] resulting in occasional violent clashes and arrests.[32] Following a series of large protests against the U.S. and Republic of Korea governments' plan to expand Camp Humphreys and make it the main base for most U.S. troops in South Korea, residents of Daechuri and other small villages near Pyeongtaek agreed to a government settlement to leave their homes in 2006 and allow the base's expansion.[33][34] Compensation for the land averaged 600 million won (about 600,000 USD) per resident.[35]
Relationships between U.S. soldiers and South Korean women[edit]
Western princesses (prostitutes servicing U.S. soldiers) have resulted in a negative image for South Korean women who have relationships with American men.[36][37]
South Korean nationality military service issue[edit]
In 2006, citizens of the United States (dual nationality) and permanent residents of the Republic of Korea refrained from conscripting the Republic of Korea and joined the US military. At the time, dual citizenship, who was deployed to the US Army in Germany, was banned from leaving the country due to a violation of the military service law while visiting a vacation vehicle.
Another US permanent resident was placed on the blacklist of the Korea Military HR Administration but he was deployed to the USFK after joining the US Army.[38]
See also[edit]
Military of the United States portal
Military of South Korea
Military of North Korea
Korean Augmentation To the United States Army
United States Forces Japan (USFJ)
List of United States Army installations in South Korea
U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces Agreement
United States Army Military Government in Korea (1945–1948)
Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea
Aftermath of the Korean War
Division of Korea
38th parallel north
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Kane, Tim (24 May 2006). "Global U.S. Troop Deployment, 1950-2005". The Heritage Foundation. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
Jump up ^ The Institute of Heraldry, http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=8572
Jump up ^ http://www.eroseffect.com/articles/neoliberalismgwangju.htm#_ednref71 Neoliberalism and the Gwangju Uprising
Jump up ^ Bruce Cumings in Lee Jai-Eui, Gwangju Diary. University of California, 1999. p. 27
Jump up ^ quoted in The Gwangju Uprising. Ed. Henry Scott-Stokes and Lee Jai-Eui, East Gate Publishing, 2000. p. 231
Jump up ^ "Anti-US protests grow in Seoul". BBC News. 8 December 2002. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Franklin Fisher (13 May 2006). "Turmoil, barbed wire surround rice fields". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ten injured in protest near U.S. military base". Joongang Daily. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ceremonies honor residents driven from lands slated for Humphreys expansion". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
Jump up ^ "S. Koreans rally at Camp Humphreys fence to protest U.S. presence". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 10 August 2005.
Jump up ^ "Daechuri issue sees no resolve". The Hankyoreh. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Sung So-young (2012-06-13). "The actual reality of interracial relationships". Joongang Daily. Retrieved 2013-04-13.
Jump up ^ Kim, Soe-jung (2005-10-23). "Forum tackles overseas marriages". Joongang Daily. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
Jump up ^ "<국내 병역법 어긴 미군 입대자, 처벌은 어떻게>".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Forces Korea.
United States Forces Korea (USFK) official website
U.S. Forces, Korea / ROK-US Combined Forces Command (globalsecurity.org)
U.S. Naval Forces Korea official website
8th Fighter Wing, Kusan Air Base official website
51st Fighter Wing, Osan Air Base official website
"Northern Limit Line (NLL) West Sea Naval Engagements". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2006-08-01.
Nanto, D.K. (2003-03-18). "North Korea: A Chronology of Provocations, 1950-2003" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-08-01.
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text:
We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
Single by Jermaine Stewart
from the album Frantic Romantic
B-side
"Brilliance"
Released
May 27, 1986
Format
7" single
12" single
Recorded
1985
Genre
Pop
R&B
funk
Length
4:54 (album version)
4:05 (edited single version)
Label
Arista
Virgin
10 Records
Songwriter(s)
Narada Michael Walden
Preston Glass
Producer(s)
Narada Michael Walden
Jermaine Stewart singles chronology
"I Like It"
(1985) "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
(1986) "Frantic Romantic" / "Versatile"
(1986)
"I Like It"
(1985) "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
(1986) "Frantic Romantic" / "Versatile"
(1986)
Music video
”We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off” on YouTube
Alternate cover
UK 12" cover of "We Don't Have To..."
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (released in the UK as "We Don't Have To...") is American R&B vocalist Jermaine Stewart's first of three singles from 1986. The song was included on his second album Frantic Romantic, released that same year. "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" remains Stewart's biggest commercial success in both America and Europe.
The song acquired a great deal of success after being used on the hit 1980s television show Miami Vice and reached number 2 on the UK and Canadian charts, as well number 5 in the United States.
Contents
1 Background
2 Promotion
3 Legacy
4 Release
5 Formats
6 Chart performance
6.1 Original release
6.2 2011 reissue
7 Personnel
7.1 Album version
7.2 Additional personnel on single release
8 Clea version
8.1 Charts
9 Lil' Chris version
9.1 Track listing
9.2 Charts
10 Other performances
11 References
Background[edit]
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" was written by Narada Michael Walden and Preston Glass. Walden is a well-known American producer, drummer, singer, and songwriter. Stewart recorded it during 1985 and it was released across the world the following summer, reaching the top 10 in both the USA and the UK.
The single seemed to reflect more modesty when it came to sex in light of the AIDS pandemic at the time. In 1988, Stewart was interviewed by Donnie Simpson where Stewart spoke of the lyrical message within the song. "I think it made a lot of peoples' minds open up a little bit. We didn't only want to just talk about clothes, we wanted to extend that. We wanted to use the song as a theme to be able to say you don't have to do all the negative things that society forces on you. You don't have to drink and drive. You don't have to take drugs early. The girls don't have to get pregnant early. So the clothes bit of it was to get people's attention, which it did and I'm glad it was a positive message."[1][2]
The song reignited Stewart's popularity, as his previous single, "I Like It" had failed to make much impact as a follow-up to Stewart's moderately successful debut single, "The Word Is Out" ("I Like It" did not chart in either the UK or America).
Promotion[edit]
A popular promotional video, directed by David Fincher, was created for the single as well as numerous TV performances to promote the single, including stints on Soul Train and American Bandstand.
Legacy[edit]
In 2011, the song was used in a Cadbury advert in the UK called The Charity Shop.[3] This exposed the song to a new generation who downloaded the track and returned it to the UK Top 40 reaching No. 29. The song also appeared in Kevin Smith's film Zack and Miri Make a Porno, and the episode "My Dirty Secret" of the television show Scrubs.
The song has been covered a number of times and versions have been released by Clea, Lil' Chris, Maria José Samper and Ella Eyre, while it also provided the hook for Gym Class Heroes' fifth single "Clothes Off!!" and was sampled by rapper Mase on his album Welcome Back.
Release[edit]
The B-side for the European single "Brilliance" appeared on Stewart's 1984 debut album The Word Is Out as the final track. "Brilliance" was written by Stewart and Julian Lindsay.[4] Lindsay had previously performed piano on the 1983 Culture Club album Colour by Numbers, which also featured Stewart on backing vocals.
The American b-side was "Give Your Love to Me" which was used as the closing track on the album Frantic Romantic. It was written by Jakko J. and Jermaine Stewart.
For the single, various remixes of "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" were released. These remixes were created by Lewis A. Martineé, who would soon go on to success as svengali for the Latin freestyle group, Exposé. A special UK/Australian 12" single was released titled "We Don't Have To..." which featured different artwork.
Formats[edit]
7" single (American release)
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – 3:57
"Give Your Love to Me" – 4:20
7" single (Canadian release)
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (short version) – 4:05
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (dub mix) – 6:40
7" single (European release)
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – 4:05
"Brilliance" – 4:43
7" single (UK and Australian release)
"We Don't Have To..." – 4:05
"Brilliance" – 4:43
12" single (American and Canadian release)
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (dance remix) – 5:45
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (dub) – 6:40
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (short version) – 4:05
12" single (European release)
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (extended) – 5:45
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – 4:05
"Brilliance" – 4:43
12" single (UK release)
"We Don't Have To..." (extended version) – 5:45
"We Don't Have To..." – 4:05
"Brilliance" – 4:43
Chart performance[edit]
Original release[edit]
Chart (1986–87)
Peak
position
Canadian Singles Chart[5] 2
Dutch Singles Chart[6] 13
French Singles Chart[7] 91
Irish Singles Chart[8] 4
New Zealand Singles Chart[9] 27
UK Singles Chart[10] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[11] 5
US Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart[12] 64
US Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs Chart[13] 41
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales Chart[14] 35
2011 reissue[edit]
Chart (2011)
Peak
position
Irish Singles Chart[8] 30
UK Singles Chart[10] 29
UK R&B Singles Chart[15] 7
Personnel[edit]
Album version[edit]
Taken from the Frantic Romantic liner notes.[16]
Jermaine Stewart – lead vocals
Narada Michael Walden – Linn drum machine, programming
Gregory "G.G. Rockneck" Gonaway – Simmons drum fills
Preston "Tiger Head" Glass, Walter "Baby Love" Afanasieff – Keyboards, synthesizer
Corrado Rustici – guitar
Randy "The Emperor" Jackson – Moog Source bass synth
Marc "Satisfied Man" Russo, Premik Russell Tubbs – saxophones
Jeanie Tracy, Jim Gilstrap, Karen "Kitty Beethoven" Brewington, Laundon Von Kendricks, Sylvester James, Jr., The Lala Gang (Sudhahota, Anukampa Walden, Carl Lewis, Kim Carter) – backing vocals
Additional personnel on single release[edit]
Art direction – Donn Davenport
Design – Rebecca Tachna
Stylist – Jane Hoffman
Photography – Steve Prezant
Guitar on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – Chris Amigo
Keyboards on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – Fro Sossa
Mix engineer – Mike Couzzi
Mixer on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – Lewis A. Martineé
Producer, arranger on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – Narada Michael Walden
Remixer on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (short version) – Lewis A. Martineé
Remixer on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (dub mix) – Lewis A. Martineé
Remixer on "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (dance remix) – Lewis A. Martineé
Producer on "Brilliance" – Peter Collins
Producer on "Give Your Love to Me" – Narada Michael Walden
Writers of "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – Narada Michael Walden, Preston Glass
Writers of "Brilliance" – Jermaine Stewart, Julian Lindsay
Writers of "Give Your Love to Me" – Jakko J., Jermaine Stewart
Clea version[edit]
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
Single by Clea vs. Da Playaz
from the album Trinity
Released
September 2005 (UK)
2006 (Europe)
Format
CD single
Genre
Dance-pop
disco
Label
Upside Records
Songwriter(s)
Narada Michael Walden
Preston Glass
Clea vs. Da Playaz singles chronology
"Stuck in the Middle"
(2004) "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
(2005) "Lucky Like That"
(2006)
"Stuck in the Middle"
(2004) "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
(2005) "Lucky Like That"
(2006)
The song was covered by Clea and was released as their third single. It was released in the UK in September 2005 and giving them their third Top 40 hit, charting at number 35. The song appears on their UK debut album, Trinity.
Charts[edit]
Chart (2005)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 35
Lil' Chris version[edit]
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
Single by Lil' Chris
from the album What's It All About
Released
October 2007 (UK)
Format
CD single
Genre
Pop
Label
RCA
Songwriter(s)
Narada Michael Walden
Preston Glass
Lil' Chris singles chronology
"Figure It Out"
(2007) "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
(2007)
"Figure It Out"
(2007) "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
(2007)
Pop singer Lil' Chris covered the song and released it as the only single from his second album, What's It All About?, on 19 October 2007. It peaked at number 63 on the UK Singles Chart. This was his last single before his death in 2015.
Track listing[edit]
CD single
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – 3:04
"Taste Me" (live in Manchester)
"I Never Noticed" (Live in London)
7" vinyl
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" – 3:04
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off" (Media Virus Remix) – 5:53
Charts[edit]
Chart (2007)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 63
Other performances[edit]
Calum Scott, a competitor in Britain's Got Talent performed the song in the 2017 semi-finals of the show.[17]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "In Memory Of Jermaine Stewart - 1988 Interview With Donnie Simpson". Jermainestewart.org. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ Easley, Terri. Seasons of Destiny. Xulon Press. p. 123. ISBN 1-60647-152-X.
Jump up ^ "Cadbury advert The Charity Shop". YouTube. 6 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jermaine Stewart - We Don't Have To Take Our Clothes Off (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Jermaine Stewart - We Don't Have To Take Our Clothes Off". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ "InfoDisc : Tout les Titres par Artiste". Infodisc.fr. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Jaclyn Ward - Fireball Media Group. "The Irish Charts - All there is to know". Irishcharts.ie. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Jermaine Stewart - We Don't Have To Take Our Clothes Off". charts.org.nz. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "UK Singles & Albums Chart Archive". Chart Stats. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ "Jermaine Stewart - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
Jump up ^ "Jermaine Stewart - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
Jump up ^ "Jermaine Stewart - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
Jump up ^ "Jermaine Stewart". AllMusic. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ "2011-05-28 Top 40 R&B Singles Archive". Official Charts. 2011-05-28. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
Jump up ^ Jermaine Stewart - Frantic Romantic album back cover/liner notes.
Jump up ^ Snapshot24: Golden Buzzer Singer Calum Scott Stunned the Crowd with Amazing Rendition of “We Don’t Have to Take Our Clothes Off”
show
v
t
e
Jermaine Stewart
Studio albums
The Word Is Out (1984)
Frantic Romantic (1986)
Say It Again (1987)
What Becomes a Legend Most (1989)
Set Me Free (1992)
Compilation albums
Attention: A Tribute to Jermaine Stewart (2005)
Greatest Hits (2011)
Singles
"The Word Is Out"
"I Like It"
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
"Frantic Romantic"
"Jody"
"Don't Ever Leave Me"
"Say It Again"
"Get Lucky"
"Don't Talk Dirty to Me"
"Is It Really Love?"
"Tren de Amor"
"Every Woman Wants To"
"Set Me Free"
Related articles
Shalamar
Culture Club
show
v
t
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Clea
Chloe Morgan
Lynsey Brown
Emma Beard
Aimee Kearsley
Studio albums
Identity Crisis (2004)
Trinity (2006)
Singles
"Download It"
"Stuck in the Middle"
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
"Lucky Like That"
"I Surrender"
show
v
t
e
Films directed by David Fincher
Alien 3 (1992)
Seven (1995)
The Game (1997)
Fight Club (1999)
Panic Room (2002)
Zodiac (2007)
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
The Social Network (2010)
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011)
Gone Girl (2014)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=We_Don%27t_Have_to_Take_Our_Clothes_Off&oldid=865796478"
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text:
The Prince and the Showgirl
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Prince and the Showgirl
Movie poster by Bill Gold
Directed by
Laurence Olivier
Produced by
Laurence Olivier
Screenplay by
Terence Rattigan
Based on
The Sleeping Prince
1953 play
by Terence Rattigan
Starring
Marilyn Monroe
Laurence Olivier
Music by
Richard Addinsell
Cinematography
Jack Cardiff
Edited by
Jack Harris
Production
company
Marilyn Monroe Productions
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
13 June 1957 (1957-06-13) (United States)
Running time
115 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
United States[1]
Language
English
Box office
$4.3 million[2]
The Prince and the Showgirl (originally called The Sleeping Prince) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier. Olivier also served as director and producer. The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince.[3] It was filmed in London.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Awards and nominations
5 Associated works
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The film is set in London in June 1911. George V will be crowned king on 22 June and in the preceding days many important dignitaries arrive. Among those arriving are the 16-year-old King Nicholas VIII of Carpathia, with his Prince Regent father, Charles (Laurence Olivier), a secondary Prince of Hungary and widower of the Queen of Carpathia.
The British government realises that keeping Balkan country Carpathia in the Triple Entente is critical during the rising tensions in Europe. They find it necessary to pamper the royals during their stay in London, and thus civil servant Northbrook (Richard Wattis), is detached to their service. Northbrook decides to take the Prince Regent out to the musical performance The Coconut Girl. During the intermission the Prince Regent is taken backstage to meet the cast. He is not particularly interested in engaging with the male actors but extremely interested in the physical charms of Elsie Marina (Marilyn Monroe), one of the performers, and he sends a formal invitation for her to meet him at the Carpathian embassy for supper.
Elsie arrives at the embassy and is soon joined by the Prince Regent, a stiff and pompous man. She expects a large party but quickly realises the Prince's true intentions – to seduce her over a private supper. She is persuaded not to leave early by Northbrook, who promises to provide an excuse for her to escape after supper. The Prince Regent turns his back on her during the supper, taking phone calls and addressing matters of state. He then makes a clumsy pass at her, which she immediately rebuffs. She pointedly explains how inept he is and that she had hoped the Prince was going to sway her with romance, passion and "gypsy violins". The Prince changes his style and tactics, complete with a violinist. The two eventually kiss and Elsie admits she may be falling in love, rebuffing Northbrook's promised feint to help her leave the embassy. Elsie then passes out from the many drinks she consumed before, during and after her semi-solitary supper. The Prince places her in an adjoining bedroom to stay the night.
The following day, Elsie overhears a conversation concerning the young Nicolas' plotting with the German embassy to overthrow his father. Promising not to tell, Elsie then meets the Dowager Queen (Sybil Thorndike), the Prince's mother-in-law, who decides Elsie should join them for the coronation in place of her sick lady-in-waiting. The ceremony passes and Elsie refuses to tell the Prince Regent details of the treasonous plot. Nicholas then invites her to the Coronation Ball, where she persuades Nicholas to draw up a contract in which he confesses his and the Germans' intent, but only if the Prince agrees to a general election. The Prince is impressed and realises that he has fallen in love with Elsie. The morning after the Coronation Ball, Elsie irons out the differences between father and son. Her honesty and sincerity have inspired the Prince to finally show sincere love to his son.
The next day, the Carpathians must leave to return home. The Prince Regent had planned to have Elsie join them. In eighteen months' time, his regency will be over and he will be a free citizen. She reminds him that that is also the length of her music-hall contract. They both realise that much can happen in eighteen months and say goodbye. The ending is ambiguous, left up to the viewer to decide if they will meet again.
Cast[edit]
Marilyn Monroe as Elsie Marina
Laurence Olivier as Charles, the Prince Regent of Carpathia
Sybil Thorndike as the Dowager Queen
Richard Wattis as Northbrook
Jeremy Spenser as King Nicolas
Paul Hardwick as Major Domo
Esmond Knight as Colonel Hoffman
Rosamund Greenwood as Maud
Aubrey Dexter as The Ambassador
Maxine Audley as Lady Sunningdale
Harold Goodwin as Call Boy
Jean Kent as Maisie Springfield
Daphne Anderson as Fanny
Gillian Owen as Maggie
Vera Day as Betty
Margot Lister as Lottie
Charles Victor as Theatre Manager
David Horne as The Foreign Office
Gladys Henson as Dresser
Production[edit]
Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier at a press conference announcing their partnership
The film was produced and directed by Laurence Olivier. It was shot in Technicolor at Pinewood Studios. Marilyn Monroe had formed her own company - Marilyn Monroe Productions, through which she purchased the rights to Terence Rattigan's The Sleeping Prince. Olivier and Vivien Leigh had played the lead roles in the original London production of the play.[1]
Production was marred with difficulties between Monroe and her co-stars and the production team. According to Jean Kent, Monroe regularly failed to arrive on set on time and "appeared dirty and dishevelled".[4] She caused her co-star Richard Wattis, who had a lot of scenes with her, to "take to drink because takes had to be done so many times" and had an uneasy relationship with the normally quiet and placid cinematographer Jack Cardiff, who said that Olivier referred to her as a "bitch". "She never arrived on time, never said a line the same way twice, seemed completely unable to hit her marks on the set and couldn’t and wouldn’t do anything at all without consulting her acting coach, Paula Strasberg."[4] Olivier also reportedly showed a strong dislike of Monroe and her acting coach; he ordered Strasberg off the set at one point and Monroe refused to continue shooting until she was restored. The relationship between Olivier and Monroe worsened when Olivier said "try and be sexy" to her and she never forgave him for it.[4] Kent states that the difficulties with filming and Monroe caused Olivier "to age 15 years."[4]
Donald Sinden, then a contract star for the Rank Organisation at Pinewood Studios, had a permanent dressing room four doors from Monroe's during the filming, although working on different movies. He said "She was still suffering from the effects of The Method school of acting, so one day I had the props department make up a notice that I fixed to my door saying: "Office of the Nazak (Kazan, backwards) Academy. You too can be inaudible. New egos superimposed. Motivations immobilised. Imaginary stone-kicking eradicated. Um's & Er's rendered obsolete. Motto: 'Though 'Tis Method Yet There's Madness In It'." I waited inside and presently heard the usual footsteps of her and her entourage. They paused outside and from the entire group I only heard one laugh—that of Monroe. The door burst open and in she came, slamming the door in the faces of her livid retainers. From that moment on, whenever the poor girl could not face the problems of her hybrid existence—which was frequently—she popped in for a natter and a giggle. Of course as a sex symbol she was stunning, but sadly, she must be one of the silliest women I have ever met."[5]
Reception[edit]
The Prince and the Showgirl originally received mixed reviews from critics, although it grew over time to become more positive. It was said that the pairing of Monroe and Olivier together in a movie was the "most diverting piece of casting in many a year," but most other reviews were not as positive. Terence Rattigan's screenplay in itself was not well-received; many critics agreed that it was not a good representation of the stage play, The Sleeping Prince, on which his story had been based. A review in The New York Times stated that the film lacked originality and that Rattigan's characterizations were "too limiting" and "dull" to allow Monroe and Olivier to be showcased to their fullest potential. Many critics agreed that the two main characters were "essentially dull", and there was considerable criticism for the film's long running time and "slow-moving" plot.
On the general basis, Monroe and Olivier did receive particular praise for their performances; however, not all reviews were kind to their work. One review stated that "Sir Laurence is kept pretty much a stuffed-shirt, wearing a monocle and speaking in Teutonic accents that are unpleasant and hard to understand. And Miss Monroe mainly has to giggle, wiggle, breathe deeply and flirt. She does not make the showgirl a person, simply another of her pretty oddities." Other critics noted Monroe and Olivier's lack of on-screen chemistry, while other reviews praised it. Rotten Tomatoes gave it a "fresh" rating of 86%.
The Prince and the Showgirl was not a major box office success, faring poorly in comparison to Monroe's earlier releases, such as The Seven Year Itch and Bus Stop. Particularly popular in England, it failed to find the same success in America but managed to earn a substantial profit.[6]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Date of ceremony
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
December 1957[7][8] National Board of Review Awards Best Supporting Actress Sybil Thorndike Won
1958[9] British Academy Film Awards Best British Actor Laurence Olivier Nominated
Best British Screenplay Terence Rattigan Nominated
Best British Film The Prince and the Showgirl Nominated
Best Film from any Source The Prince and the Showgirl Nominated
Best Foreign Actress Marilyn Monroe Nominated
July 29, 1958[10] David di Donatello Awards Best Foreign Actress Marilyn Monroe Won
September 10, 1958[11] Laurel Awards Top Female Comedy Performance Marilyn Monroe (4th place) Nominated
February 26, 1959[12] Crystal Star Awards Best Foreign Actress Marilyn Monroe Won
Associated works[edit]
The 2011 film My Week with Marilyn depicts the week in which Monroe spent being escorted around London by personal assistant Colin Clark, during the filming of The Prince and the Showgirl. The movie is largely based upon two books by Clark recounting his experiences during the production: My Week with Marilyn (2000) and The Prince, the Showgirl, and Me: Six Months on the Set With Marilyn and Olivier (1996). Both books and the film depict Monroe striking up a friendship and semi-romantic relationship with Clark for a brief time during production.[13]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1957
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=52332
Jump up ^ "Top Grosses of 1957", Variety, 8 January 1958: 30
Jump up ^ Bosley Crowther (1957). "The Prince and the Showgirl". The New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "'Grubby' Marilyn Monroe made Laurence Olivier 'age 15 years' during filming". The Daily Telegraph. 20 May 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
Jump up ^ A Touch Of The Memoirs Donald Sinden. Hodder & Stoughton 1982. pages 238-9
Jump up ^ Pat Ryan (11 November 2011). "The Prince, the Showgirl, and the Stray Strap". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "National Board of Review, USA: Awards for 1957". IMDb. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "National Board of Review: 1957 Award Winners". nationalboardofreview.org. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "BAFTA Awards Search: 1958". bafta.org. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "David di Donatello Awards: Awards for 1958". IMDb. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Laurel Awards: Awards for 1958". IMDb. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Photos: 1959 Crystal Star Award". thisismarilyn.com. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Steven Kurutz (16 November 2011). "At Home With Marilyn in England". The New York Times.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Prince and the Showgirl (film).
The Prince and the Showgirl on IMDb
The Prince and the Showgirl at AllMovie
The Prince and the Showgirl at the TCM Movie Database
The Prince and the Showgirl at Rotten Tomatoes
The Prince and the Showgirl at the American Film Institute Catalog
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Terence Rattigan
Plays
First Episode (1933)
A Tale of Two Cities (1935)
French Without Tears (1936)
After the Dance (1939)
Follow My Leader (1940)
Grey Farm (1940)
Flare Path (1942)
While the Sun Shines (1943)
Love In Idleness (1944)
The Winslow Boy (1946)
The Browning Version (1948)
Harlequinade (1948)
Adventure Story (1949)
Who Is Sylvia? (1950)
The Deep Blue Sea (1952)
The Sleeping Prince (1953)
Separate Tables (1954)
Variations on a Theme (1958)
Ross (1960)
Man and Boy (1963)
A Bequest to the Nation (1970)
In Praise of Love (1973)
Before Dawn (1973)
All on Her Own (1974)
Cause Célèbre (1975/77)
Films and TV
The Belles of St. Clements (1936)
Gypsy (1937)
French Without Tears (1940)
Quiet Wedding (1941)
The Day Will Dawn (1942)
Uncensored (1942)
English Without Tears (1944)
The Way to the Stars (1945)
While the Sun Shines (1947)
Brighton Rock (1947)
Bond Street (1948)
The Winslow Boy (1948)
The Browning Version (1951)
The Sound Barrier (1952)
The Final Test (1953)
The Man Who Loved Redheads (1955)
The Deep Blue Sea (1955)
The Prince and the Showgirl (1957)
Separate Tables (1958)
The V.I.P.s (movie) (1963)
The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1964)
Nelson (1966)
Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969)
Bequest to the Nation (1973)
The Browning Version (1994)
The Winslow Boy (1999)
Related works
Joie de Vivre (1960)
The Girl Who Came to Supper (1963)
[show]
v
t
e
Laurence Olivier
Films
as director
Henry V (1944)
Hamlet (1948)
Richard III (1955)
The Prince and the Showgirl (1957)
Three Sisters (1970)
Hindle Wakes (1976)
Productions
Laurence Olivier Productions (L.O.P.)
The Beggar's Opera (1953)
Macbeth (cancelled Olivier film) (1950s)
Laurence Olivier Presents (1976–78)
Publications
Confessions of an Actor: An Autobiography (1982)
On Acting (1986)
Work
Theatre
Filmography
Television
Awards and nominations
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Prince_and_the_Showgirl&oldid=801965333"
Categories:
1957 films
English-language films
1950s romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American films
British romantic comedy films
Films about royalty
Films based on plays
Films directed by Laurence Olivier
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in 1911
Films set in London
Films shot in London
Marilyn Monroe
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Warner Bros. films
Works by Terence Rattigan
Screenplays by Terence Rattigan
Film scores by Richard Addinsell
Hidden categories:
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