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Grace Kelly
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For other uses, see Grace Kelly (disambiguation).
"Grace of Monaco" redirects here. For the 2014 film, see Grace of Monaco (film).
Grace Kelly
Grace Kelly in 1955
Princess consort of Monaco
Tenure
April 18, 1956 – September 14, 1982
Born
Grace Patricia Kelly
(1929-11-12)November 12, 1929
Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died
September 14, 1982(1982-09-14) (aged 52)
Monaco Hospital, La Colle, Monaco
Burial
St. Nicholas Cathedral
Spouse
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (m. 1956)
Issue
Caroline, Princess of Hanover
Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Princess Stéphanie
House
Grimaldi (by marriage)
Father
John B. Kelly Sr.
Mother
Margaret Katherine Majer
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Occupation
Actress (1950–56)
Signature
Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an American movie actress who became Princess of Monaco after marrying Prince Rainier III, in April 1956.
After embarking on an acting career in 1950, when she was 20, Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions and more than 40 episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television. In October 1953, she gained stardom from her performance in director John Ford's film Mogambo starring Clark Gable and Ava Gardner, which won her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination in 1954. Subsequently, she had leading roles in five films, including The Country Girl (1954) with Bing Crosby, for which her deglamorized performance earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress.[1] Other films include High Noon (1952) with Gary Cooper, Dial M for Murder (1954) with Ray Milland, Rear Window (1954) with James Stewart, To Catch a Thief (1955) with Cary Grant, and High Society (1956) with Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra.
Kelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier and began her duties as Princess of Monaco. They had three children: Caroline, Albert II, and Stéphanie. Kelly retained her link to America by her dual U.S. and Monégasque citizenship.[2] Princess Grace suffered a stroke while driving home to Monaco on September 13, 1982, which resulted in a road accident. She died the following day.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and early life
2 Career
2.1 Early years
2.2 Acting career for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
3 Princess consort
3.1 Relationship with Prince Rainier
3.2 Wedding and marriage
4 Later years
4.1 Death
5 Legacy
5.1 Philanthropy
5.2 Fashion
5.3 Kelly's likeness
5.4 Elsewhere
5.4.1 Kelly family home
6 References in popular culture
7 Works
7.1 Select filmography
7.1.1 Honors
7.2 Discography
8 Honors
8.1 National honors
8.2 Foreign honors
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Background and early life[edit]
The Kelly family home built by John B. Kelly in 1929, in the East Falls section of Philadelphia.
Kelly was born on November 12, 1929, at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to an affluent and influential family.[3] Her father, Irish-American John B. Kelly Sr.,[4] had won three Olympic gold medals for sculling and owned a successful brickwork contracting company that was well-known on the East Coast. A registered Democrat, he was nominated to be mayor of Philadelphia for the 1935 election but lost by the closest margin in the city's history. In later years, he served on the Fairmount Park Commission and, during World War II, was appointed by President Roosevelt as National Director of Physical Fitness. His brother Walter C. Kelly was a vaudeville star who also made films for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Paramount Pictures, and another named George was a Pulitzer Prize-winning dramatist, screenwriter, and director.[5]
Kelly's mother Margaret Katherine Majer had German parents.[6][7] Margaret had taught physical education at the University of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach women's athletics at the institution.[7][8] She also modeled for a time in her youth.[7] After marrying John B. Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a housewife until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations.[7]
Kelly had two older siblings, Margaret and John Jr., and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Roman Catholic faith.[9][10]
While attending Ravenhill Academy, a prestigious Catholic girls' school, Kelly modeled fashions at local social events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead in Don't Feed the Animals, a play produced by the East Falls Old Academy Players.[5] Before graduating in May 1947 from Stevens School, a socially prominent private institution on Walnut Lane in the Northwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Germantown, she acted and danced. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress as Ingrid Bergman and her favorite actor as Joseph Cotten.[11] Written in the "Stevens' Prophecy" section was: "Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen".
Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected by Bennington College in July 1947.[12]
Career[edit]
Main article: Film career of Grace Kelly
Early years[edit]
Despite her parents' initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of being an actress. John was particularly displeased with her decision; he viewed acting as "a slim cut above streetwalker."[10] To start her career, she auditioned for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, using a scene from her uncle George Kelly's The Torch-Bearers (1923). Although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admission officer, Emile Diestel, and was admitted through the influence of George.[10]. She began her first term the following October. While at school, she lived in Manhattan's Barbizon Hotel for Women, a prestigious establishment which barred men from entering after 10 pm, and she worked as a model to support her studies.
Kelly in High Noon (1951), her first major film role
Kelly worked diligently and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder. Her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, most notably a Broadway debut in Strindberg's The Father alongside Raymond Massey. At 19, her graduation performance was as Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story.[10]
Television producer Delbert Mann cast Kelly as Bethel Merriday, in an adaptation of the Sinclair Lewis novel of the same name; this was her first of nearly sixty live television programs.[10] Success on television eventually brought her a role in a major motion picture. She made her film debut in a small role in the 1951 film Fourteen Hours. She was noticed during a visit to the set by Gary Cooper, who subsequently starred with her in High Noon (1951). He was charmed by her and said that she was "different from all these actresses we've been seeing so much of." However, Kelly's performance in Fourteen Hours was not noticed by critics and did not lead to her receiving other film acting roles. She continued her work in the theater and on television,[5] although she lacked "vocal horsepower" and would likely not have had a lengthy stage career.[10] She had various roles on television shows produced by NBC and CBS. She was performing in Denver's Elitch Gardens when she received a telegram from Hollywood producer Stanley Kramer offering her a co-starring role opposite Gary Cooper in High Noon (1951).
Acting career for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer[edit]
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Kelly in 1956
The cast of Mogambo (1953)
Director John Ford had first noticed Kelly in a 1950 screen test. The studio flew her to Los Angeles to audition in September 1952, and he said that she showed "breeding, quality and class."[10] She was hired for the role of Linda Nordley in the film 'Mogambo' and was offered a seven-year contract with MGM on a salary of $850 a week. She signed the deal under two conditions: That every two years she could get time off to do theater performances, and that she could live in New York City at the now-landmarked Manhattan House (200 E. 66th Street).[13][10] Two months after signing her contract, Kelly and the cast arrived in Nairobi to begin production of the film. Gene Tierney was initially cast in the role, but she had to drop out at the last minute because of personal issues.[14][15] Upon getting the role, Kelly told Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper, "Mogambo had three things that interested me. John Ford, Clark Gable, and a trip to Africa with expenses paid. If Mogambo had been made in Arizona, I wouldn't have done it."[16] A break in the filming schedule afforded her and Mogambo co-star Ava Gardner a visit to Rome.[17] Her role as Linda Nordley in MGM's production of Mogambo garnered her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.
After the success of Mogambo, Kelly starred in a TV play The Way of an Eagle with Jean-Pierre Aumont, before being cast in the film adaptation of Frederick Knott's Broadway hit Dial M for Murder. Director Alfred Hitchcock also saw the 1950 screen test[10] and took full advantage of her beauty on-camera. He was one of her last mentors in the film industry.
In January 1954, Kelly began filming scenes for her next film, The Bridges at Toko-Ri, with William Holden. She played Nancy, the wife of naval officer Harry (Holden), who was a minor but pivotal character in the story. In a film review released 12 months later, The New Yorker remarked on the apparent on-screen chemistry between them and took note of her delivery of her performance "with quiet confidence."
Kelly in a promotional photograph for Rear Window (1954)
Kelly unhesitatingly turned down the opportunity to star alongside Marlon Brando in On the Waterfront (1954).[18] Eva Marie Saint, who replaced her, won an Academy Award for that role.
Kelly committed to the role of Lisa Fremont in Rear Window instead. Said Kelly, "All through the making of Dial M for Murder, he (Hitchcock) sat and talked to me about Rear Window all the time, even before we had discussed my being in it."[19] During the shooting of Dial M for Murder, they shared a close bond of humor and admiration, although minor strife sometimes emerged on set.
Kelly's new costar, James Stewart, was highly enthusiastic about working with her.[20] The role of Lisa Fremont, a wealthy Manhattan socialite and model, was unlike any of the previous women she had played. For the very first time, she portrayed an independent, career-driven woman. He played a speculative photographer with a broken leg, bound to a wheelchair, and so reduced to curiously observing the happenings outside his window.
Just as he had done earlier, Hitchcock provided the camera with a slow-sequenced silhouette of Kelly, along with a close-up of the two stars kissing, finally lingering closely on her profile.
With the film's opening in October 1954, Kelly was praised again. Variety's film critic remarked on the casting, commenting on the "earthy quality to the relationship between Stewart and Miss Kelly. Both do a fine job of the picture's acting demands."[21]
Kelly won the role of Bing Crosby's long-suffering wife, Georgie Elgin, in The Country Girl (1954), after a pregnant Jennifer Jones bowed out. Already familiar with the play, Kelly was highly interested in the part. To cast her, MGM would have had to lend her out to Paramount; Kelly was adamant and threatened the studio that if they did not allow her to do the film she would pack her bags and leave for New York for good. They relented, and the part was hers.
The film paired her again with William Holden. Kelly's character, the wife of a washed-up alcoholic singer, played by Crosby, is emotionally torn between two lovers.
For her performance in The Country Girl, Kelly won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her main competitor for the prize was Judy Garland, in her much heralded comeback performance in A Star Is Born (1956).
Although Kelly won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best actress for her performances in her three big movie roles of 1954, Rear Window, Dial M For Murder, and The Country Girl, she and Garland both received Golden Globe Awards for their respective performances.
Kelly in To Catch a Thief (1955)
By the following March, the race between Kelly and Garland for the Oscar was very close. On March 30, 1955, the night of the Academy Awards telecast, Garland was unable to attend because she was in the hospital having just given birth to her son, Joey Luft. However, she was rumored to be the odds-on favorite, and NBC Television cameras were set up in her hospital room so that if she were announced as the winner, she could make her acceptance speech live from her hospital bed. However, when William Holden announced Kelly as the winner, the technicians immediately dismantled the cameras without saying one word to Garland.
In April 1954, Kelly flew to Colombia for a 10-day shoot on her next project, Green Fire, with Stewart Granger. She played Catherine Knowland, a coffee plantation owner. Granger wrote in his autobiography of his distaste for the film's script, while Kelly later confided to Hedda Hopper, "It wasn't pleasant. We worked at a pathetic village – miserable huts and dirty. Part of the crew got shipwrecked … It was awful."[16] Although Green Fire got lackluster reviews, the film made a profit of $840,000.
After the consecutive filming of Rear Window, Toko-Ri, Country Girl, and Green Fire, Kelly flew to France, along with department store heir Bernard "Barney" Strauss, to begin work on her third and last film for Alfred Hitchcock, To Catch a Thief. She and her costar, Cary Grant, developed a mutual admiration and cherished their time together for the rest of their lives. Years later, when asked to name his all-time favorite actress, he replied without hesitation, "Well, with all due respect to dear Ingrid Bergman, I much preferred Grace. She had serenity."[22]
Princess consort[edit]
Relationship with Prince Rainier[edit]
Kelly headed the U.S. delegation at the Cannes Film Festival in April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session at the Palace of Monaco with Prince Rainier III, the sovereign of the principality. After a series of delays and complications, she met him in Monaco. At the time of her initial meeting with him, she was dating the French actor Jean-Pierre Aumont.[23][24]
Upon returning to America, Kelly began work on The Swan, in which she coincidentally portrayed a princess, and she meanwhile began a private correspondence with Rainier.
In December 1955, Rainier went to America on a trip officially designated as a tour, although it was speculated that he was seeking a wife, as a treaty with France in 1918 (which resulted from the Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918), stated that if he did not produce an heir Monaco would revert to France. At a press conference in the United States, when asked if he were pursuing a wife, he answered, "No." Then a second question was posed: "If you were pursuing a wife, what kind would you like?" Rainier smiled and answered, "I don't know – the best."
That same year MGM released Kelly's last film, the musical comedy High Society, based on the studio's comedy The Philadelphia Story (1940). Kelly wore her own engagement ring in the film and sang a duet with Bing Crosby, "True Love," a song with words and music by Cole Porter.
Wedding and marriage[edit]
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While in the United States, Rainier met Kelly and her family, and after three days, he proposed. She accepted, and the families began preparations for what the press at that time dubbed "The Wedding of the Century".
The religious wedding was set for April 19, 1956. News of the engagement was a sensation, even though it meant a probable end to Kelly's film career. Alfred Hitchcock quipped that he was "very happy that Grace has found herself such a good part."
The preparations were elaborate. The Palace of Monaco was painted and redecorated throughout. On April 4, 1956, Grace, with her family, bridesmaids, poodle, and over 80 pieces of luggage, boarded the ocean liner SS Constitution, bound for the French Riviera. Some 400 reporters applied to sail, although most were turned away. Thousands of fans sent the party off for the eight-day voyage. More than 20,000 people lined the streets of Monaco to greet the future princess consort.
The Princess and Prince of Monaco arrive at the White House for a luncheon, 1961
The Napoleonic Code of Monaco and the laws of the Roman Catholic Church necessitated two ceremonies – both a civil ceremony and a religious wedding.[25] The 16-minute civil ceremony took place in the Palace Throne Room of Monaco on April 18, 1956,[25] and a reception later in the day was attended by 3,000 Monégasque citizens.[26][27] To cap the ceremony, the 142 official titles that she acquired in the union (counterparts of her husband's) were formally recited. The following day the church ceremony took place at Monaco's Saint Nicholas Cathedral, before Bishop Gilles Barthe.[25] The wedding was estimated to have been watched by over 30 million viewers on live television and was described by biographer Robert Lacey as "the first modern event to generate media overkill".[27] Her wedding dress, designed by MGM's Academy Award–winning Helen Rose,[27] was worked on for six weeks by three dozen seamstresses. The bridesmaids' gowns were designed by Joe Allen Hong at Neiman Marcus.[28] The 700 guests included several famous people, including Aristotle Onassis, Cary Grant, David Niven and his wife Hjördis, Gloria Swanson, Ava Gardner, the crowned head Aga Khan III, Gloria Guinness,[29] Enid, Lady Kenmare, Daisy Fellowes, Etti Plesch, Lady Diana Cooper, Louise de Vilmorin, Loelia Lindsay, and Conrad Hilton.[citation needed] Frank Sinatra was invited but did not attend.[30][31] Kelly and Rainier left that night for their seven-week Mediterranean honeymoon cruise on his yacht, Deo Juvante II.[27][32]
Later years[edit]
The couple had three children:
Princess Caroline, born January 23, 1957
Prince Albert, born March 14, 1958, current Prince of Monaco
Princess Stéphanie, born February 1, 1965
Grace of Monaco (1972)
Hitchcock offered Kelly the lead in his film Marnie in 1962. She was eager, but public outcry in Monaco against her involvement in a film where she would play a kleptomaniac made her reconsider and ultimately reject the project. Director Herbert Ross attempted to interest her into accepting a part in his 1977 film The Turning Point, but Rainier quashed the idea.[citation needed] Later that year, she returned to the arts in a series of poetry readings on stage and narration of the documentary The Children of Theater Street. She also narrated ABC's made-for-television film The Poppy Is Also a Flower (1966). She and Rainier worked together in a 33-minute independent film called Rearranged in 1979, which received interest from ABC TV executives in 1982 after premiering in Monaco, on the condition that it be extended to an hour. Before more scenes could be shot, Kelly died and the film was never released or shown publicly again.[33][34][35]
Death[edit]
On September 13, 1982, Kelly was driving back to Monaco from her country home in Roc Agel when she had a stroke. As a result, she lost control of her 1971 Rover P6 3500[36] and drove off the steep, winding road and down the 120 foot (37 m) mountainside. Her daughter Stéphanie, who was in the passenger seat, tried but failed to regain control of the car.[37] Kelly was taken to the Monaco Hospital (later named the Princess Grace Hospital Centre) with injuries to the brain and thorax and a fractured femur. Doctors believed that she had suffered a minor stroke while driving.[38] She died the following night at 10:55 p.m. after Rainier chose to take her off life support.[39]
Stéphanie suffered light concussion and a hairline fracture[40] of a cervical vertebra, and was unable to attend her mother's funeral.
The tomb of Grace Kelly
Kelly's funeral was held at the Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Monaco[41] on September 18, 1982. After a Requiem Mass, she was buried in the Grimaldi family vault. Over 400 people attended, including Cary Grant, Nancy Reagan, Danielle Mitterrand, and Diana, Princess of Wales. At a later memorial service in Beverly Hills, James Stewart delivered the following eulogy:
You know, I just love Grace Kelly. Not because she was a princess, not because she was an actress, not because she was my friend, but because she was just about the nicest lady I ever met. Grace brought into my life as she brought into yours, a soft, warm light every time I saw her, and every time I saw her was a holiday of its own. No question, I'll miss her, we'll all miss her, God bless you, Princess Grace.
Rainier, who did not remarry, was buried alongside her in 2005.[42]
Legacy[edit]
Philanthropy[edit]
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During her marriage, Kelly was unable to continue her acting career. Instead, she performed her daily duties as princess and became involved in philanthropic work.[43]
She founded AMADE Mondiale, a Monaco-based non-profit organization that was eventually recognized by the UN as a Non-Governmental organization. According to UNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion and in a spirit of complete political independence." Her daughter, Princess Caroline, carries the torch for AMADE today in her role as President.
Kelly was also active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, forming the Princess Grace Foundation in 1964 to support local artisans. In 1983, following her death, Princess Caroline assumed the duties of President of the Board of Trustees of the Foundation; Prince Albert is Vice-President.[44]
The Princess Grace Foundation-USA (PGF-USA) was established, following Kelly's death, to continue the work she had done, anonymously, during her lifetime,:assisting emerging theater, dance and film artists in America. Incorporated in 1982, PGF-USA is headquartered in New York and is a tax-exempt, not-for-profit, publicly supported organization. The Princess Grace Awards, a program of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, has awarded nearly 500 artists at more than 100 institutions in the U.S. with more than $7 million to date. The foundation also says it "holds the exclusive rights and facilitates the licensing of her name and likeness throughout the world."[45]
Kelly was one of the first celebrities to support and speak on behalf of La Leche League, an organization that advocates breastfeeding. She also planned a yearly Christmas party for local orphans and dedicated a Garden Club.
Fashion[edit]
While pregnant with her daughter Caroline in 1956, Kelly was frequently photographed clutching a distinctive leather hand-bag manufactured by Hermès. The purse, or Sac à dépêches, was likely a shield to prevent her pregnant abdomen from being exposed to the prying eyes of the paparazzi. The photographs, however, popularized the purse and became so closely associated with the fashion icon that it would thereafter be known as the Kelly Bag.[46]
Kelly was inaugurated into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1960.[47]
Numerous exhibitions have been held of Kelly's life and clothing. The Philadelphia Museum of Art presented her wedding dress in a 2006 exhibition to mark the 50th anniversary of her marriage,[48] and a retrospective of her wardrobe was held at London's Victoria and Albert Museum in 2010.[49] The V&A exhibition continued in Australia at the Bendigo Art Gallery in 2012.[50] This famous dress, seen around the world, took thirty five tailors six weeks to complete.[51] An exhibition of her life as Princess of Monaco was held at the Ekaterina Cultural Foundation in Moscow in 2008 in conjunction with Monaco's Grimaldi Forum.[52] In 2009, a plaque was placed on the "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style" in recognition of her contributions to style and fashion.[53]
After her death, Kelly's legacy as a fashion icon lived on. Modern designers, such as Tommy Hilfiger and Zac Posen, have cited her as a fashion inspiration.[10] During her lifetime, she was known for introducing the "fresh faced" look, one that involved bright skin and natural beauty with little makeup.[54] Her fashion legacy was even commemorated at the Victoria and Albert Museum of London, where an exhibit titled, "Grace Kelly: Style Icon" paid tribute to her impact on the world of fashion.[10] The exhibit included 50 of her legendary ensembles.[51] She is remembered for her "college-girl" everyday fashion, defined by her pulled-together yet simple look.[51]
Kelly's likeness[edit]
James Gill: "Grace Kelly in Sun" (2013)
In 1955, Kelly was photographed by Howell Conant in Jamaica. He photographed her without makeup in a naturalistic setting, a departure from the traditional portrayal of actresses.[55] The resulting photographs were published in Collier's magazine, with a celebrated photo of her rising from the water with wet hair making the cover.[55][56] Following her marriage, Conant was the unofficial photographer to the House of Grimaldi and extensively photographed her, Rainier, and their three children.[57] In 1992, Conant published Grace, a book of photographs that he took during her 26-year tenure as Princess of Monaco.[58]
Kelly has been depicted by many pop artists including James Gill and Andy Warhol. Warhol made a portrait of her for the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia as a limited edition silkscreen in 1984.[59]
Elsewhere[edit]
Kees Verkade's statue of Kelly in Monaco's Princess Grace Rose Garden
A rose garden in Monaco's Fontvieille district is dedicated to the memory of Kelly. It was opened in 1984 by Rainier.[60] She is commemorated in a statue by Kees Verkade in the garden, which features 4,000 roses.[61]
In 2003, the Henley Royal Regatta renamed the Women's Quadruple Sculls the "Princess Grace Challenge Cup." Kelly was invited to present the prizes at the Henley Royal Regatta in 1981, as a peace offering by the Henley Stewards to put a conflict between her family and Stewards to rest. Prince Albert presented the prizes at the Henley Royal Regatta in 2004.[62]
Kelly family home[edit]
In 2012, Kelly's childhood home was made a Pennsylvania historic landmark, and a historical marker was placed on the site. The home, located at 3901 Henry Avenue in the East Falls section of Philadelphia, was built by her father, John B. Kelly Sr., in 1929. Grace lived in the home until 1950, and Prince Rainier III proposed to her there in 1955. The Kelly family sold the property in 1974.[63][64]
In October 2016, Prince Albert of Monaco purchased the property, speculating that the home would be used either as museum space or as offices for the Princess Grace Foundation.[65]
References in popular culture[edit]
Advertising
CGI was used to replicate the images of Marlene Dietrich, Grace Kelly, and Marilyn Monroe in a commercial for J'adore Dior, starring Charlize Theron. It first aired in the fall of 2011.
Coins and stamps
In 1993, Kelly appeared on a U.S. postage stamp, released in conjunction with a Monaco postage stamp featuring her on the same day.[66]
To commemorate the 25th anniversary of Kelly's death, €2 commemorative coins were issued on July 1, 2007 with the "national" side bearing the image of her.
Exhibitions
In Monaco, at the Grimaldi Forum, and in the United States, at Sotheby's, a large Princess Grace exhibition, "Grace, Princess of Monaco: A Tribute to the Life and Legacy of Grace Kelly", coordinated by the Princely Family, celebrated her life and her contribution to the arts through her Foundation.[citation needed]
Films
In 1983, an American television film called Grace Kelly focused on Kelly's early life was presented featuring Cheryl Ladd as her and Ian McShane as Rainier.[67]
Nicole Kidman portrayed Kelly in Grace of Monaco (2014), directed by Olivier Dahan. Reaction to the film was largely negative; many people, including the princely family of Monaco, felt it was overly dramatic, had historical errors, and lacked depth.[68][69]
Music
The Oklahoma-based, folk-rock trio, Billy J. Steel, featured the song, "Princess of Monaco," on their album, "The Band Not The Man" (1988).The song was written and sung by band member, Weston Broadrick.
Billy Joel references Grace Kelly in his No. 1 hit single, "We Didn't Start the Fire" (1989), in the events describing 1956.
Madonna's No. 1 hit single, "Vogue" (1990), mentions Kelly in the lyrics alongside other Hollywood Golden Era actors, such as Greta Garbo, Fred Astaire, Marlene Dietrich, and James Dean.
Mika, a Lebanese-British songwriter, wrote a song called "Grace Kelly". It was released by Universal Music and topped the 2007 UK Singles Chart at 57.
Kelly was also referenced in the following songs: "Grace Kelly" by Die Ärzte, "Grace Kelly Blues" by Eels (Mark Everett), and "Grace Kelly with Wings" by Piebald.[citation needed]
Television
Many references to Grace Kelly were made in the television teen drama Gossip Girl by character Blair Waldorf (played by Leighton Meester). In Season 2, Episode 10, Blair states: "I am Grace Kelly, Grace Kelly is me." Later in the episode, she says: "Screw Grace Kelly. I need a scheme". In Season 6 Episode 6, Blair says she would like to "be more like Grace Kelly, less like Grace Jones".[70]
Works[edit]
Select filmography[edit]
Main article: Grace Kelly filmography
Year Title Role Director Co-stars
1951 Fourteen Hours Louise Ann Fuller Henry Hathaway Paul Douglas, Richard Basehart, Barbara Bel Geddes
1952 High Noon Amy Fowler Kane Fred Zinnemann Gary Cooper, Katy Jurado, Lloyd Bridges, Thomas Mitchell
1953 Mogambo Linda Nordley John Ford Clark Gable, Ava Gardner
1954 Dial M for Murder Margot Mary Wendice Alfred Hitchcock Ray Milland, Robert Cummings, John Williams
Rear Window Lisa Carol Fremont James Stewart, Thelma Ritter
The Country Girl Georgie Elgin George Seaton Bing Crosby, William Holden
Green Fire Catherine Knowland Andrew Marton Stewart Granger, Paul Douglas
The Bridges at Toko-Ri Nancy Brubaker Mark Robson William Holden, Fredric March, Mickey Rooney, Earl Holliman
1955 To Catch a Thief Frances Stevens Alfred Hitchcock Cary Grant
1956 The Swan Princess Alexandra Charles Vidor Alec Guinness, Louis Jourdan, Agnes Moorehead
High Society Tracy Samantha Lord Charles Walters Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Celeste Holm
Honors[edit]
Year
Title of Project
Award
1953 Mogambo Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
1954 The Country Girl Academy Award for Best Actress
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama
National Board of Review Award for Best Actress (also for Rear Window and Dial M for Murder)
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (also for Rear Window and Dial M for Murder)
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
Rear Window National Board of Review Award for Best Actress (also for The Country Girl and Dial M for Murder)
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (also for The Country Girl and Dial M for Murder)
Dial M for Murder National Board of Review Award for Best Actress (also for The Country Girl and Rear Window)
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (also for The Country Girl and Rear Window)
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
Nominated – Bambi Award for Best International Actress
1956 — Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Favorite Film Female
1960 — Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
1999 — 13th in the American Film Institute's list of Top Female Stars of American Cinema
Discography[edit]
"True Love", a duet with Bing Crosby from High Society (1956)
L'Oiseau du Nord et L'Oiseau du Soleil, in French and in English (1978)
Birds, Beasts & Flowers: A Programme of Poetry, Prose and Music (1980)
Honors[edit]
National honors[edit]
Monaco: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint-Charles[71][72][73][74][75]
Foreign honors[edit]
Austria: Recipient of the Red Cross Medal[74]
Egyptian Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Virtues, Supreme Class[76]
France: Recipient of the Red Cross Medal[77]
Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Beneficence[74][78][79]
Iranian Imperial Family: Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the 2,500 year Celebration of the Persian Empire[80][81]
Italy: Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italy[74][82]
Holy See: Dame of the Order of Pope Pius IX[83]
Nicaragua: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Rubén Darío[84]
Vatican: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre[74]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Merit, Special Class[74]
See also[edit]
Grace of Monaco (film)
Biography portal
Philadelphia portal
Book: Grace Kelly
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ "1954 Academy Awards: Winners and History". AMC Filmsite.
Jump up ^ Buchwald, Art (April 17, 1956). "Grace Kelly Can Retain American Citizenship: Status of Pat Poodle Oliver Not So Clear; His Marriage Could Start Monaco Squabble". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "High Society (washingtonpost.com)". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Laura. "Grace Kelly's Forever Look".
^ Jump up to: a b c Leigh 2007
Jump up ^ Department of Records. "Margarethe M. Majer, 13 Dec 1898; "Pennsylvania, Philadelphia City Births, 1860-1906"". FamilySearch. p. 378.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Margaret Majer Kelly (1899 -1990)". University of Pennsylvania.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Tracey (January 8, 1990). "Margaret Kelly, 91; Princess Grace's Mother, Head of Influential Family". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Spoto, Donald; Forshaw, Barry (May 28, 2009). "Grace Kelly and Hollywood by Donald Spoto". The Times. UK. Retrieved May 20, 2010. Born in 1929 and raised by stiff-necked Catholic parents in Philadelphia … Philadelphia convent girl (always remaining Roman Catholic) ...
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Jacobs, Laura (May 2010). "Grace Kelly's Forever Look". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Spoto, Donald (2009). High Society: The Life of Grace Kelly. Harmony. p. 22. ISBN 0-307-39561-8.
Jump up ^ Leigh 2007, p. 26
Jump up ^ Barbanel, Josh (October 28, 2007). "The Kelly Connection". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Private Life and Times of Gene Tierney". Glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen.com. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Tierney, Gene; Herskowitz, Mickey (1978). Self-Portrait. Wyden Books. pp. 150–151. OCLC 5016010.
^ Jump up to: a b Hedda Hopper Collection. Maraget Herrick Library, Los Angeles.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, James (2010). Frank: The Voice. Doubleday. p. 586. ISBN 0-385-51804-8.
Jump up ^ "Grace Kelly Biopic Fails to Come to Life". scmp.com. November 22, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spoto, Donald (1983). The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-306-80932-X.
Jump up ^ Eyles, Allen (September 1987). James Stewart. Stein & Day. ISBN 0-8128-8298-9.
Jump up ^ Brogdon, William (July 14, 1954). "Rear Window". Variety. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Nancy (December 2002). Evenings With Cary Grant. Citadel. ISBN 0-8065-2412-X.
Jump up ^ Haugland, H. Kristina (2006). Grace Kelly: Icon of Style to Royal Bride. Yale University Press. pp. 966–. ISBN 978-0-300-11644-1. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Grace's Riviera Romance". LIFE. Time Inc: 14–15. May 30, 1955. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c The Big Week in Monaco: Movies' Pretty Princess Assumes a Real Life Title. Life. 40. Time Inc. April 30, 1956. p. 37. ISSN 0024-3019. 'I'm halfway married,' she exclaimed after the first wedding, a 16-minute civil ceremony in his crimson-damasked throne
Jump up ^ Hintz, Martin (2004). Monaco. Children's Press. ISBN 978-0-516-24251-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Choron, Sandra; Choron, Harry (2010). Planet Wedding: A Nuptial-pedia. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-618-74658-3.
Jump up ^ Bulwa, Demian (March 29, 2004). "Memorial scheduled for designer Joe Allen Hong". SFGate. Hearst Communications.
Jump up ^ Vickers, Hugo (2007). Horses & Husbands – The Memoirs of Etti Plesch. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-904349-54-9.
Jump up ^ Quine, Judith Balaban (1990). The Bridesmaids: Grace Kelly and Six Intimate Friends. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-70770-5.
Jump up ^ Davies, Jennifer. Fatal Car Accidents of the Rich and Famous. RW Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-909284-04-3.
Jump up ^ Taraborrelli 2003, p. 149
Jump up ^ Rearranged at IMDB
Jump up ^ Transcript of Larry King Live episode "Remembering Prince Rainer of Monaco", aired April 15, 2005 on CNN
Jump up ^ Wydra, Thilo (November 18, 2014). "Grace: A Biography". Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ References:
Establishing the age and marque of the car: "1982: Hollywood princess dead". BBC News. September 14, 1982. After leaving the road her 10-year-old Rover tumbled 100 ft (30.5 m) down a ravine...
Establishing the model: Parish, James Robert (2002). The Hollywood Book of Death: The Bizarre, Often Sordid, Passings of More than 125 American Movie and TV Idols (eBook ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-07-178476-4. Retrieved October 18, 2014. After loading her Rover 3500 with luggage and dresses to be altered, she informed her chauffeur that there was now no room for him in the car, and that she would drive instead.
Establishing the platform: Gerard, Jasper (January 24, 2011). "Classic Rover P6 review". The Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2014. It's always a little ominous when a car is best remembered for a tragic mishap, but such, alas, is the fate of the P6; this is what Grace Kelly was driving when she careered off the Corniche in Monaco.
Jump up ^ Werner, Jennifer (2014). Grace Kelly of Monaco: The Inspiring Story of How An American Film Star Became a Princess. BookCaps Study Guides. pp. 40–44. ISBN 9781629172484.
Jump up ^ Vinocur, John (September 17, 1982). "Princess Stricken Before Crash, Doctors Say". New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Leigh, Wendy (2007). True Grace: The Life and Death of an American Princess. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-312-34236-4.
Jump up ^ "BBC On This Day September 14th 1982". BBC News. September 14, 1985. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Death of Princess Grace – history – central". British Council. Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Monaco Cathedral". Service Informatique du Ministère d'Etat (Monaco Minister of State Information Service). July 28, 2008. Archived from the original on June 23, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ Roe, Dorothy. "Grace Kelly Finds Being a Princess Almost as Hard as Making Movies" (April 14, 1957). Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Princess Grace Foundation Archived May 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Licensing". Princess Grace Foundation-USA. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "History of the Hermes Kelly Bag". pursuitist.com. August 13, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The International Best-Dressed List Hall of Fame". Vanity Fair. June 7, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Press Releases : 2006". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Archived from the original on March 30, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Nikkhah, Roya (November 22, 2009). "Grace Kelly's wardrobe to go on display at V&A museum in London". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ "Grace Kelly: Style Icon". bendigoartgallery.com.au. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ball, Sara. "No Wonder They Called Her Grace". proquest.com. Newsweek. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Catalogue of "The Grace Kelly Years, Princess of Monaco" exhibition". The Ekaterina Cultural Foundation. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Princess Grace, Cartier to get the royal treatment on Rodeo's Walk of Style". Los Angeles Times. August 5, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dahl, Arlene. "Grace Kelly is 1955 Beauty Ideal". www.proquest.com. Chicago Daily Tribune. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Spoto, Donald (June 1, 2010). High Society: Grace Kelly and Hollywood. Random House. pp. 151–. ISBN 978-0-09-951537-1. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Evelyn (June 24, 1955). "The Key to Kelly". Collier's Weekly: 36–41. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Thurber, Jon (March 27, 1999). "Howell Conant". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Conant, Howell (1992). Grace: An Intimate Portrait by Her Friend and Favorite Photographer. Random House. ISBN 0-679-41803-2.
Jump up ^ "Andy Warhol – Grace Kelly". Retrieved November 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fontvieille Park and the Princess Grace Rose Garden". Visit Monaco. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Richard, Sale (June 1, 1999). Provence & Côte D'Azur. Landmark. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-901522-45-7. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Recent Prizegivers". Henley Royal Regatta. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ FRANKOWSKI, MEG (October 31, 2012). "Pennsylvania historical marker unveiled at Kelly family's former home in East Falls". www.newsworks.org. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Heavens, Alan J. (October 14, 2016). "Monaco reportedly buys Grace Kelly's East Falls birthplace". www.philly.com. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mikelbank, Peter. "Prince Albert Buys Mom Princess Grace's Childhood Home in Philadelphia". PEOPLE. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Healey, Barth (March 21, 1993). "U.S. and Monaco Honor Grace Kelly". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Grace Kelly". IMDb. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Foundas, Scott (May 19, 2014). "No Saving 'Grace' in Contrived Melodrama". Variety. 324 (2): 90–91.
Jump up ^ McFaron, Emma. "Historian at the Movies: Grace of Monaco reviewed". BBC History Extra. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gossip Girl (TV Series) : Bonfire of the Vanity (2008) : Quotes". IMDb.com. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.324 du 17 avril 1956 conférant l'honorariat la Grand'Croix de l'Ordre de Saint-Charles à Mademoiselle Grace-Patricia Kelly
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). 40.media.tumblr.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Jack Jones, "Princess Grace" The Register-Guard, September 15, 1982.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). Vam.ac.uk. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). C7.alamy.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Grace Kelly, a fairytale´s princess. : Photo".
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). Img.auctiva.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Iran: Host to the World". Badraie. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). 40.media.tumblr.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Cloud
Bibliography
Leigh, Wendy (2007). True Grace: The Life and Times of an American Princess. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0-312-34236-5.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2003). Once Upon a Time: Behind the Fairy Tale of Princess Grace and Prince Rainier. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7595-2790-4.
Wydra, Thilo (2014). Grace. A Biography. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1629145419.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grace Kelly.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Grace Kelly
Grace Kelly on IMDb
Grace Kelly at the TCM Movie Database
Grace Kelly at the Internet Broadway Database
Princess Grace Foundation – USA
FBI Records: The Vault - Grace Kelly at fbi.gov
Biography of Grace Kelly at britannica.com
Grace Kelly Footage
"High Society – The Life of Grace Kelly". The Washington Post. November 15, 2009.
Princess Grace Of Monaco interview on BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs, April 24, 1981
Monegasque royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Ghislaine Dommanget Princess consort of Monaco
1956–1982 Vacant
Title next held by
Charlene Wittstock
[show]
Awards for Grace Kelly
[show]
v
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Academy Award for Best Actress
1928–1950
Janet Gaynor (1928)
Mary Pickford (1929)
Norma Shearer (1930)
Marie Dressler (1931)
Helen Hayes (1932)
Katharine Hepburn (1933)
Claudette Colbert (1934)
Bette Davis (1935)
Luise Rainer (1936)
Luise Rainer (1937)
Bette Davis (1938)
Vivien Leigh (1939)
Ginger Rogers (1940)
Joan Fontaine (1941)
Greer Garson (1942)
Jennifer Jones (1943)
Ingrid Bergman (1944)
Joan Crawford (1945)
Olivia de Havilland (1946)
Loretta Young (1947)
Jane Wyman (1948)
Olivia de Havilland (1949)
Judy Holliday (1950)
1951–1975
Vivien Leigh (1951)
Shirley Booth (1952)
Audrey Hepburn (1953)
Grace Kelly (1954)
Anna Magnani (1955)
Ingrid Bergman (1956)
Joanne Woodward (1957)
Susan Hayward (1958)
Simone Signoret (1959)
Elizabeth Taylor (1960)
Sophia Loren (1961)
Anne Bancroft (1962)
Patricia Neal (1963)
Julie Andrews (1964)
Julie Christie (1965)
Elizabeth Taylor (1966)
Katharine Hepburn (1967)
Katharine Hepburn / Barbra Streisand (1968)
Maggie Smith (1969)
Glenda Jackson (1970)
Jane Fonda (1971)
Liza Minnelli (1972)
Glenda Jackson (1973)
Ellen Burstyn (1974)
Louise Fletcher (1975)
1976–2000
Faye Dunaway (1976)
Diane Keaton (1977)
Jane Fonda (1978)
Sally Field (1979)
Sissy Spacek (1980)
Katharine Hepburn (1981)
Meryl Streep (1982)
Shirley MacLaine (1983)
Sally Field (1984)
Geraldine Page (1985)
Marlee Matlin (1986)
Cher (1987)
Jodie Foster (1988)
Jessica Tandy (1989)
Kathy Bates (1990)
Jodie Foster (1991)
Emma Thompson (1992)
Holly Hunter (1993)
Jessica Lange (1994)
Susan Sarandon (1995)
Frances McDormand (1996)
Helen Hunt (1997)
Gwyneth Paltrow (1998)
Hilary Swank (1999)
Julia Roberts (2000)
2001–present
Halle Berry (2001)
Nicole Kidman (2002)
Charlize Theron (2003)
Hilary Swank (2004)
Reese Witherspoon (2005)
Helen Mirren (2006)
Marion Cotillard (2007)
Kate Winslet (2008)
Sandra Bullock (2009)
Natalie Portman (2010)
Meryl Streep (2011)
Jennifer Lawrence (2012)
Cate Blanchett (2013)
Julianne Moore (2014)
Brie Larson (2015)
Emma Stone (2016)
Frances McDormand (2017)
[show]
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Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Katina Paxinou (1943)
Agnes Moorehead (1944)
Angela Lansbury (1945)
Anne Baxter (1946)
Celeste Holm (1947)
Ellen Corby (1948)
Mercedes McCambridge (1949)
Josephine Hull (1950)
Kim Hunter (1951)
Katy Jurado (1952)
Grace Kelly (1953)
Jan Sterling (1954)
Marisa Pavan (1955)
Eileen Heckart (1956)
Elsa Lanchester (1957)
Hermione Gingold (1958)
Susan Kohner (1959)
Janet Leigh (1960)
Rita Moreno (1961)
Angela Lansbury (1962)
Margaret Rutherford (1963)
Agnes Moorehead (1964)
Ruth Gordon (1965)
Jocelyne LaGarde (1966)
Carol Channing (1967)
Ruth Gordon (1968)
Goldie Hawn (1969)
Karen Black/Maureen Stapleton (1970)
Ann-Margret (1971)
Shelley Winters (1972)
Linda Blair (1973)
Karen Black (1974)
Brenda Vaccaro (1975)
Katharine Ross (1976)
Vanessa Redgrave (1977)
Dyan Cannon (1978)
Meryl Streep (1979)
Mary Steenburgen (1980)
Joan Hackett (1981)
Jessica Lange (1982)
Cher (1983)
Peggy Ashcroft (1984)
Meg Tilly (1985)
Maggie Smith (1986)
Olympia Dukakis (1987)
Sigourney Weaver (1988)
Julia Roberts (1989)
Whoopi Goldberg (1990)
Mercedes Ruehl (1991)
Joan Plowright (1992)
Winona Ryder (1993)
Dianne Wiest (1994)
Mira Sorvino (1995)
Lauren Bacall (1996)
Kim Basinger (1997)
Lynn Redgrave (1998)
Angelina Jolie (1999)
Kate Hudson (2000)
Jennifer Connelly (2001)
Meryl Streep (2002)
Renée Zellweger (2003)
Natalie Portman (2004)
Rachel Weisz (2005)
Jennifer Hudson (2006)
Cate Blanchett (2007)
Kate Winslet (2008)
Mo'Nique (2009)
Melissa Leo (2010)
Octavia Spencer (2011)
Anne Hathaway (2012)
Jennifer Lawrence (2013)
Patricia Arquette (2014)
Kate Winslet (2015)
Viola Davis (2016)
Allison Janney (2017)
[show]
v
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Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Jennifer Jones (1943)
Ingrid Bergman (1944)
Ingrid Bergman (1945)
Rosalind Russell (1946)
Rosalind Russell (1947)
Jane Wyman (1948)
Olivia de Havilland (1949)
Gloria Swanson (1950)
Jane Wyman (1951)
Shirley Booth (1952)
Audrey Hepburn (1953)
Grace Kelly (1954)
Anna Magnani (1955)
Ingrid Bergman (1956)
Joanne Woodward (1957)
Susan Hayward (1958)
Elizabeth Taylor (1959)
Greer Garson (1960)
Geraldine Page (1961)
Geraldine Page (1962)
Leslie Caron (1963)
Anne Bancroft (1964)
Samantha Eggar (1965)
Anouk Aimée (1966)
Edith Evans (1967)
Joanne Woodward (1968)
Geneviève Bujold (1969)
Ali MacGraw (1970)
Jane Fonda (1971)
Liv Ullmann (1972)
Marsha Mason (1973)
Gena Rowlands (1974)
Louise Fletcher (1975)
Faye Dunaway (1976)
Jane Fonda (1977)
Jane Fonda (1978)
Sally Field (1979)
Mary Tyler Moore (1980)
Meryl Streep (1981)
Meryl Streep (1982)
Shirley MacLaine (1983)
Sally Field (1984)
Whoopi Goldberg (1985)
Marlee Matlin (1986)
Sally Kirkland (1987)
Jodie Foster / Shirley MacLaine / Sigourney Weaver (1988)
Michelle Pfeiffer (1989)
Kathy Bates (1990)
Jodie Foster (1991)
Emma Thompson (1992)
Holly Hunter (1993)
Jessica Lange (1994)
Sharon Stone (1995)
Brenda Blethyn (1996)
Judi Dench (1997)
Cate Blanchett (1998)
Hilary Swank (1999)
Julia Roberts (2000)
Sissy Spacek (2001)
Nicole Kidman (2002)
Charlize Theron (2003)
Hilary Swank (2004)
Felicity Huffman (2005)
Helen Mirren (2006)
Julie Christie (2007)
Kate Winslet (2008)
Sandra Bullock (2009)
Natalie Portman (2010)
Meryl Streep (2011)
Jessica Chastain (2012)
Cate Blanchett (2013)
Julianne Moore (2014)
Brie Larson (2015)
Isabelle Huppert (2016)
Frances McDormand (2017)
[show]
v
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National Board of Review Award for Best Actress
Joan Crawford (1945)
Anna Magnani (1946)
Celia Johnson (1947)
Olivia de Havilland (1948)
Gloria Swanson (1950)
Jan Sterling (1951)
Shirley Booth (1952)
Jean Simmons (1953)
Grace Kelly (1954)
Anna Magnani (1955)
Dorothy McGuire (1956)
Joanne Woodward (1957)
Ingrid Bergman (1958)
Simone Signoret (1959)
Greer Garson (1960)
Geraldine Page (1961)
Anne Bancroft (1962)
Patricia Neal (1963)
Kim Stanley (1964)
Julie Christie (1965)
Elizabeth Taylor (1966)
Edith Evans (1967)
Liv Ullmann (1968)
Geraldine Page (1969)
Glenda Jackson (1970)
Irene Papas (1971)
Cicely Tyson (1972)
Liv Ullmann (1973)
Gena Rowlands (1974)
Isabelle Adjani (1975)
Liv Ullmann (1976)
Anne Bancroft (1977)
Ingrid Bergman (1978)
Sally Field (1979)
Sissy Spacek (1980)
Glenda Jackson (1981)
Meryl Streep (1982)
Shirley MacLaine (1983)
Peggy Ashcroft (1984)
Whoopi Goldberg (1985)
Kathleen Turner (1986)
Lillian Gish / Holly Hunter (1987)
Jodie Foster (1988)
Michelle Pfeiffer (1989)
Mia Farrow (1990)
Geena Davis / Susan Sarandon (1991)
Emma Thompson (1992)
Holly Hunter (1993)
Miranda Richardson (1994)
Emma Thompson (1995)
Frances McDormand (1996)
Helena Bonham Carter (1997)
Fernanda Montenegro (1998)
Janet McTeer (1999)
Julia Roberts (2000)
Halle Berry (2001)
Julianne Moore (2002)
Diane Keaton (2003)
Annette Bening (2004)
Felicity Huffman (2005)
Helen Mirren (2006)
Julie Christie (2007)
Anne Hathaway (2008)
Carey Mulligan (2009)
Lesley Manville (2010)
Tilda Swinton (2011)
Jessica Chastain (2012)
Emma Thompson (2013)
Julianne Moore (2014)
Brie Larson (2015)
Amy Adams (2016)
Meryl Streep (2017)
[show]
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New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
Greta Garbo (1935)
Luise Rainer (1936)
Greta Garbo (1937)
Margaret Sullavan (1938)
Vivien Leigh (1939)
Katharine Hepburn (1940)
Joan Fontaine (1941)
Agnes Moorehead (1942)
Ida Lupino (1943)
Tallulah Bankhead (1944)
Ingrid Bergman (1945)
Celia Johnson (1946)
Deborah Kerr (1947)
Olivia de Havilland (1948)
Olivia de Havilland (1949)
Bette Davis (1950)
Vivien Leigh (1951)
Shirley Booth (1952)
Audrey Hepburn (1953)
Grace Kelly (1954)
Anna Magnani (1955)
Ingrid Bergman (1956)
Deborah Kerr (1957)
Susan Hayward (1958)
Audrey Hepburn (1959)
Deborah Kerr (1960)
Sophia Loren (1961)
No Award (1962)
Patricia Neal (1963)
Kim Stanley (1964)
Julie Christie (1965)
Elizabeth Taylor/Lynn Redgrave (1966)
Edith Evans (1967)
Joanne Woodward (1968)
Jane Fonda (1969)
Glenda Jackson (1970)
Jane Fonda (1971)
Liv Ullmann (1972)
Joanne Woodward (1973)
Liv Ullmann (1974)
Isabelle Adjani (1975)
Liv Ullmann (1976)
Diane Keaton (1977)
Ingrid Bergman (1978)
Sally Field (1979)
Sissy Spacek (1980)
Glenda Jackson (1981)
Meryl Streep (1982)
Shirley MacLaine (1983)
Peggy Ashcroft (1984)
Norma Aleandro (1985)
Sissy Spacek (1986)
Holly Hunter (1987)
Meryl Streep (1988)
Michelle Pfeiffer (1989)
Joanne Woodward (1990)
Jodie Foster (1991)
Emma Thompson (1992)
Holly Hunter (1993)
Linda Fiorentino (1994)
Jennifer Jason Leigh (1995)
Emily Watson (1996)
Julie Christie (1997)
Cameron Diaz (1998)
Hilary Swank (1999)
Laura Linney (2000)
Sissy Spacek (2001)
Diane Lane (2002)
Hope Davis (2003)
Imelda Staunton (2004)
Reese Witherspoon (2005)
Helen Mirren (2006)
Julie Christie (2007)
Sally Hawkins (2008)
Meryl Streep (2009)
Annette Bening (2010)
Meryl Streep (2011)
Rachel Weisz (2012)
Cate Blanchett (2013)
Marion Cotillard (2014)
Saoirse Ronan (2015)
Isabelle Huppert (2016)
Saoirse Ronan (2017)
[show]
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Monegasque consorts
Charlene Wittstock (2011–present)
Grace Kelly (1956–1982)
Ghislaine Dommanget (1946–1949)
Alice Heine (1889–1922)
Antoinette de Mérode (1856–1864)
Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz (1841–1856)
Maria Caterina Brignole (1757–1770)
Jacques Goyon de Matignon (1731)
Marie of Lorraine (1701–1724)
Catherine Charlotte de Gramont (1662–1678)
Ippolita Trivulzio (1616–1638)
[show]
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Caroline, Princess of Hanover
Titles by birth
Princess of Monaco
Hereditary Princess of Monaco
Titles by marriage
Princess of Hanover
Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale
Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Family
Philippe Junot (first husband)
Stefano Casiraghi (second husband)
Andrea Casiraghi (elder son)
Charlotte Casiraghi (elder daughter)
Pierre Casiraghi (younger son)
Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (third husband)
Princess Alexandra of Hanover (younger daughter)
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (father)
Grace Kelly (mother)
Albert II, Prince of Monaco (brother)
Princess Stéphanie of Monaco (sister)
Charities
AMADE
Princess Grace Foundation
Prince Pierre Foundation
Peter Le Marchant Trust
Jeune J'écoute
UNICEF
Patronages
Les Ballets de Monte Carlo
Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra
Monte Carlo Opera
The Spring Arts Festival
The Monte Carlo Garden Club
Related articles
Line of succession to the Monegasque throne
List of heirs to the Monegasque throne
Hanoverian princesses by marriage
[show]
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Princess Stéphanie of Monaco
Titles
Princess of Monaco
Countess of Polignac
Family
Daniel Ducruet (first husband)
Louis Ducruet (elder son)
Pauline Ducruet (elder daughter)
Camille Gottlieb (younger daughter)
Adans Lopez Peres (second husband)
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (father)
Grace Kelly (mother)
Caroline, Princess of Hanover (sister)
Albert II, Prince of Monaco (brother)
Studio albums
Besoin (1986)
Stéphanie (1991)
Singles
"Ouragan"
"Irresistible"
"Flash"
"One Love to Give"
"Fleur du mal (à Paul)"
"Live Your Life"
"Winds of Chance"
Featured singles
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 7399243
LCCN: n79103668
ISNI: 0000 0001 2095 5240
GND: 11854117X
SELIBR: 334437
SUDOC: 02753474X
BNF: cb119554633 (data)
MusicBrainz: 3ac772ad-4fd2-4546-ad7b-48c76e8847f1
NLA: 35228399
NDL: 00620920
NKC: jn20000720088
BNE: XX986318
SNAC: w67d2s9f
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Kelly&oldid=835621015"
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text:
Mission San Rafael Arcángel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mission San Rafael Arcángel
The reconstructed capilla (chapel) of Mission San Rafael Arcángel is to the right of Saint Raphael's Church.
Location of Mission San Rafael Arcángel in California
Location
1104 5th Avenue
San Rafael, California 94901-2916
Coordinates
37°58′27.6″N 122°31′40.5″W / 37.974333°N 122.527917°W / 37.974333; -122.527917Coordinates: 37°58′27.6″N 122°31′40.5″W / 37.974333°N 122.527917°W / 37.974333; -122.527917
Name as founded
La Misión del Gloriosísimo Príncipe San Rafael, Arcángel [1]
English translation
The Mission of the Glorious Prince, Archangel Saint Raphael
Patron
The Glorious Prince Saint Raphael, Archangel [2]
Nickname(s)
"Mission of Bodily Healing" [3]
Founding date
December 14, 1817 [4]
Founding priest(s)
Father Vicente Francisco de Sarría [5]
Founding Order
Twentieth [2]
Military district
Fourth
Native place name(s)
'Anaguani [6]
Baptisms
1,821 [7]
Marriages
519 [7]
Burials
652 [7]
Secularized
1834 [2]
Returned to the Church
1855 [2]
Governing body
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
Current use
Chapel / Museum
California Historical Landmark
Reference no.
220
Website
http://saintraphael.com
Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded in 1817 as a medical asistencia ("sub-mission") of Mission San Francisco de Asís. It was a hospital to treat sick Native Americans, making it Alta California's first sanitarium.[8] The weather was much better than in San Francisco, which helped the ill get better.[9] It was not intended to be a stand-alone mission, but nevertheless grew and prospered and was granted full mission status on October 19, 1822.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded in the present day location of San Rafael, California, on December 14, 1817, by Father Vicente Francisco de Sarría, as a medical asistencia ("sub-mission") of the San Francisco Mission to treat their sick population. It was granted full mission status in 1822.
This was one of the missions turned over to the Mexican government in 1833 after the Mexican secularization act of 1833. In 1840, there were 150 Indians still at the Mission. By 1844, Mission San Rafael Arcángel had been abandoned; what was left of the empty buildings was sold for $8,000 in 1846. The Mission was used by John C. Fremont as his headquarters during the battles to make California a United States possession (see Bear Flag Revolt).
On June 28, 1846, three men departed the mission, including Kit Carson, and murdered three unarmed Californians under the order of John C. Fremont; Don José R. Berreyesa, father of José de los Santos Berreyesa, along with the twin sons of Don Francisco de Haro, Ramon and Francisco De Haro.[10]
In 1847, a priest was once again living at the Mission. A new parish church was built near the old chapel ruins in 1861, and, in 1870, the rest of the ruins were removed to make room for the City of San Rafael. All that was left of the Mission was a single pear tree from the old Mission's orchard. It is for this reason that San Rafael is known as the "most obliterated of California's missions." [3]
In 1949, a replica of the chapel was built next to the current Saint Raphael's Church on the site of the original hospital in San Rafael, California.
Interior of the capilla (chapel) at Mission San Rafael Arcángel taken in 1974.
See also[edit]
Spanish missions in California
Chief Marin
Mission San Francisco de Asís
Mission San Francisco Solano
USNS Mission San Rafael (AO-130) – a Buenaventura Class fleet oiler built during World War II.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Leffingwell, p. 157
^ Jump up to: a b c d Krell, p. 295
^ Jump up to: a b Ruscin, p. 167
Jump up ^ Yenne, p. 174
Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 196
Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 195
^ Jump up to: a b c Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California.
Jump up ^ Ruscin, p. 169
Jump up ^ Tays, George (1937). "Mariano G Vallejo and Sonoma". California Historical Society Quarterly. 2. XVI: 109.
Jump up ^ The Beginnings of San Francisco App. D – The Murder of Berreyesa and the De Haros
References[edit]
Forbes, Alexander (1839). California: A History of Upper and Lower California. Smith, Elder and Co., Cornhill, London.
Jones, Terry L. and Kathryn A. Klar (eds.) (2007). California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Altimira Press, Landham, MD. ISBN 0-7591-0872-2. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Krell, Dorothy (ed.) (1979). The California Missions: A Pictorial History. Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0-376-05172-8. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Leffingwell, Randy (2005). California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions. Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN. ISBN 0-89658-492-5.
Paddison, Joshua (ed.) (1999). A World Transformed: Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush. Heyday Books, Berkeley, CA. ISBN 1-890771-13-9. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Ruscin, Terry (1999). Mission Memoirs. Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA. ISBN 0-932653-30-8.
Yenne, Bill (2004). The Missions of California. Thunder Bay Press, San Diego, CA. ISBN 1-59223-319-8.
External links[edit]
Mission San Rafael Arcangel, informational website by Dahlia Schilling
Early photographs, sketches, land surveys of Mission San Rafael Arcángel, via Calisphere, California Digital Library
A historical drawing of the mission at the Bancroft Library
Howser, Huell (December 8, 2000). "California Missions (107)". California Missions. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission San Rafael Arcángel.
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Franciscan missions in California
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mission_San_Rafael_Arcángel&oldid=842211219"
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