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Wikipedia:Your first article
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Writing an article
Learn how you can create an article.

To experiment, you can use the shared sandbox – or if you're logged in, your personal sandbox.

To create an article, you can try the Article Wizard.
This page is not a sandbox.
It should not be used for test editing. To experiment, please use the Wikipedia sandbox, your user sandbox, or one of the other sandboxes.
This page in a nutshell: Wikipedia articles follow certain guidelines: the topic should be notable and be covered in detail in good references from independent sources. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia – it is not a personal home page or a business list. Do not use content from other websites even if you, your school, or your boss owns them. If you choose to create the article with only a limited knowledge of the standards here, you should be aware that other editors may delete it if it's not considered appropriate.
Note: To create pages directly in the article mainspace your account must be at least 4 days (96 hours) old, and you must have made more than ten edits.
Welcome to Wikipedia!
You have probably already edited blogs or social media sites. Maybe you have already made minor edits to our articles – but now you want to start a new article from scratch.
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Contents
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1 Introduction
2 Search for an existing article
3 Gathering references
4 Things to avoid
5 And be careful about...
6 Are you closely connected to the article topic?
7 Create your draft
8 And then what?
8.1 Keep making improvements
8.2 Improve formatting
8.3 Avoid orphans
8.4 Add to a disambiguation page
9 Still need help?
9.1 Read a traditional encyclopedia
Introduction
First, please be aware that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, and our mission is to share accepted knowledge to benefit people who want to learn. We are not social media, or a place to promote a company or product or person, or a place to advocate for or against anyone or anything. Please keep this in mind, always. (This is described in our "mission statement", "What Wikipedia is not".)
We find "accepted knowledge" in high quality, published sources. By "high quality" we mean books by reputable publishers, high quality newspapers like The New York Times, or literature reviews in the scientific literature. We summarize such sources here. That is all we do! Please make sure that anything you write in Wikipedia is based on such sources - not what is in your head.
Here are some tips that can help you with your first article:
Consider registering an account first—you need only choose a username and password. (This will help you find things you create, and help other people find you)
Search Wikipedia first in case an article already exists on the subject, perhaps under a different title. If the article already exists, feel free to make any constructive edits to improve it.
Is it new?
Type, then click "Go (try title)"
Nothing? OK, now you need to try to determine if the subject you want to write about is what we call "notable" in Wikipedia. The question we ask is - does this topic belong in an encyclopedia?
We generally judge this by asking if there are at least three high quality sources that a) have substantial discussion of the subject (not just a mention) and b) are written and published independently of the subject (so, a company's website or press releases are not OK). Everything here is based on high quality independent sources, and without them, we generally just cannot write an article. If you are not sure if the subject you want to write about is "notable", you can ask questions at the Wikipedia Teahouse.
Please be mindful of conflict of interest. If you have one, you will probably have a hard time writing a good enough Wikipedia article (this is not about you, it is just human nature). However if you insist on trying, you need to disclose your conflict of interest, and you need to try very hard to not allow your "external interest" to drive you to abuse Wikipedia. And you need to try hard to hear the feedback from independent people who review the draft, before it is published. Your conflict of interest might lead you to believe something is "notable" when it isn't, and to argue too hard for it to be published.
Practice first. Before starting, try editing existing articles to get a feel for writing and for using Wikipedia's mark-up language—we recommend that you first take a tour through the Wikipedia tutorial or review contributing to Wikipedia to learn editing basics.
The Article Wizard will help you create your article in Draft space, and will put some useful templates into your draft, including the button to click when you are ready to submit the draft for review.
Article Wizard
An easy way to create articles.
These points are explained in further detail below.

Search for an existing article
Wikipedia already has 5,479,364 articles. Before creating an article, try to make sure there is not already an article on the same topic, perhaps under a slightly different name. Search for the article, and review Wikipedia's article titling policy before creating your first article. If an article on your topic already exists, but you think people might look for it under some different name or spelling, learn how to create redirects to alternative titles; adding needed redirects is a good way to help Wikipedia. Also, remember to check the article's deletion log in order to avoid creating an article that has already been deleted. (In some cases, the topic may be suitable even if deleted in the past; the past deletion may have been because it was a copyright violation, did not explain the importance of the topic, or on other grounds addressed to the writing rather that the topic's suitability.)
If a search does not find the topic, consider broadening your search to find existing articles that might include the subject of your article. For example, if you want to write an article about a band member, you might search for the band and then add information about your subject as a section within that broader article.
Gathering references
Notability
Subject-specific guidelines
Academics
Astronomical objects
Books
Events
Films
Geographic features
Music
Numbers
Organizations and companies
People
Sports and athletes
Web content
See also
Wikipedia essays (by subject)
Guide to deletion
Common deletion outcomes
Why was the page I created deleted?
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Gather sources for the information you will be writing about. To be worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia, a subject must be sufficiently notable, and that notability must be verifiable through citations to reliable sources.
As noted, the sources you use must be reliable; that is, they must be sources that exercise some form of editorial control and have some reputation for fact checking and accuracy. Print sources (and web-based versions of those sources) tend to be the most reliable, though some web-only sources may also be reliable. Examples might include (but are not limited to) books published by major publishing houses, newspapers, magazines, peer-reviewed scholarly journals, websites of any of the above, and other websites that meet the same requirements as a reputable print-based source.
In general, sources with no editorial control are not reliable. These include (but are not limited to) books published by vanity presses, self-published 'zines', blogs, web forums, usenet discussions, personal social media, fan sites, vanity websites that permit the creation of self-promotional articles, and other similar venues. If anyone at all can post information without anyone else checking that information, it is probably not reliable.
To put it simply, if there are reliable sources (such as newspapers, journals, or books) with extensive information published over an extended period about a subject, then that subject is notable and you must cite such sources as part of the process of creating (or expanding) the Wikipedia article. If you cannot find such reliable sources that provide extensive and comprehensive information about your proposed subject, then the subject is not notable or verifiable and almost certainly will be deleted. So your first job is to go find references to cite.
There are many places to find reliable sources, including your local library, but if internet-based sources are to be used, start with books and news archive searches rather than a web search.
Once you have references for your article, you can learn to place the references into the article by reading Help:Referencing for beginners and Wikipedia:Citing sources. Do not worry too much about formatting citations properly. It would be great if you did that, but the main thing is to get references into the article, even if they are not perfectly formatted.
Things to avoid
Main pages: Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not and Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes
Articles about yourself, your family or friends, your website, a band you're in, your teacher, a word you made up, or a story you wrote
If you are worthy of inclusion in the encyclopedia, let someone else add an article for you. Putting your friends in an encyclopedia may seem like a nice surprise or an amusing joke, but articles like this are likely to be removed. In this process, feelings may be hurt and you may be blocked from editing if you repeatedly make attempts to re-create the article. These things can be avoided by a little forethought on your part. The article may remain if you have enough humility to make it neutral and you really are notable, but even then it's best to submit a draft for approval and consensus of the community instead of just posting it up, since unconscious biases may still exist of which you may not be aware.
Advertising
Please do not try to promote your product or business. Please do not insert external links to your commercial website unless a neutral party would judge that the link truly belongs in the article; we do have articles about products like Kleenex or Sharpies, or notable businesses such as McDonald's, but if you are writing about a product or business be sure you write from a neutral point of view, that you have no conflict of interest, and that you are able to find references in reliable sources that are independent from the subject you are writing about.
Attacks on a person or organization
Material that violates our biographies of living persons policy or is intended to threaten, defame, or harass its subject or another entity is not permitted. Unsourced negative information, especially in articles about living people, is quickly removed, and attack pages may be deleted immediately.
Personal essays or original research
Wikipedia surveys existing human knowledge; it is not a place to publish new work. Do not write articles that present your own original theories, opinions, or insights, even if you can support them by reference to accepted work. A common mistake is to present a novel synthesis of ideas in an article. Remember, just because both Fact A and Fact B are true does not mean that A caused B, or vice versa (fallacies). If the synthesis or causation is true, locate and cite reliable sources that report the connection.
Non-notable topics
People frequently add pages to Wikipedia without considering whether the topic is really notable enough to go into an encyclopedia. Because Wikipedia does not have the space limitations of paper-based encyclopedias, our notability policies and guidelines allow a wide range of articles – however, they do not allow every topic to be included. A particularly common special case of this is pages about people, companies, or groups of people, that do not substantiate the notability or importance of their subject with reliable sources, so we have decided that such pages may be speedily deleted under our WP:SPEEDY policy. This can offend – so please consider whether your chosen topic is notable enough for Wikipedia, and then substantiate the notability or importance of your subject by citing those reliable sources in the process of creating your article. Wikipedia is not a directory of everything in existence.
A single sentence or only a website link
Articles need to have real content of their own.
See also:
List of bad article ideas
And be careful about...
Copyright
As a general rule, do not copy-paste text from other websites. (There are a few limited exceptions, and a few words as part of a properly cited and clearly attributed quotation is OK.)
– Wikipedia:Copy-paste
Copying things. Do not violate copyrights
Never copy and paste text into a Wikipedia article unless it is a relatively short quotation, placed in quotation marks, and cited using an inline citation. Even material that you are sure is in the public domain must be attributed to the source, or the result, while not a copyright violation, is plagiarism. Also note that most web pages are not in the public domain and most song lyrics are not either. In fact, most things published after 1923, and almost everything written since January 1, 1978 are automatically under copyright as per the Copyright Act of 1976 even if they have no copyright notice or © symbol. If you think what you are contributing is in the public domain, say where you got it, either in the article or on the discussion page, and on the discussion page give the reason why you think it is in the public domain (e.g. "It was published in 1895..."). For more information, see Wikipedia:Copyrights (which includes instructions for verifying permission to copy previously published text) and our non-free content guidelines for text. Finally, please note that superficial modification of material, such as minor rewording, is insufficient to avoid plagiarism and copyright violations. See Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing.
Good sources
1. have a reputation for reliability: they are reliable sources
2. are independent of the subject
3. are verifiable by other editors
Good research and citing your sources
Articles written out of thin air may be better than nothing, but they are hard to verify, which is an important part of building a trusted reference work. Please research with the best sources available and cite them properly. Doing this, along with not copying text, will help avoid any possibility of plagiarism. We welcome good short articles, called "stubs", that can serve as launching pads from which others can take off – stubs can be relatively short, a few sentences, but should provide some useful information. If you do not have enough material to write a good stub, you probably should not create an article. At the end of a stub, you should include a "stub template" like this: {{stub}}. (Other Wikipedians will appreciate it if you use a more specific stub template, like {{art-stub}}. See the list of stub types for a list of all specific stub templates.) Stubs help track articles that need expansion.
Articles about living persons
Articles written about living persons must be referenced so that they can be verified. Biographies about living subjects that lack sources may be deleted.
Advocacy and controversial material
Please do not write articles that advocate one particular viewpoint on politics, religion, or anything else. Understand what we mean by a neutral point of view before tackling this sort of topic.
Articles that contain different definitions of the topic
Articles are primarily about what something is, not any term(s). If the article is just about a word or phrase and especially if there are very different ways that a term is used, it usually belongs in Wiktionary. Instead, try to write a good short first paragraph that defines one subject as well as some more material to go with it.
Organization
Make sure there are incoming links to the new article from other Wikipedia articles (click "What links here" in the toolbox) and that the new article is included in at least one appropriate category (see help:category). Otherwise it will be difficult for readers to find the article.
Local-interest articles
These are articles about places like schools, or streets that are of interest to a relatively small number of people such as alumni or people who live nearby. There is no consensus about such articles, but some will challenge them if they include nothing that shows how the place is special and different from tens of thousands of similar places. Photographs add interest. Try to give local-interest articles local colour. Third-party sources are the only way to prove that the subject you are writing about is notable.
Breaking news events
While Wikipedia accepts articles about notable recent events, articles about breaking news events with no enduring notability are not appropriate for our project. Consider writing such articles on our sister project Wikinews. See Wikipedia:Notability (events) for further information.
Editing on the wrong page
If you're trying to create a new page, you'll start with a completely empty edit box. If you see text in the editing box that is filled with words you didn't write (for example, the contents of this page), you're accidentally editing a pre-existing page. Don't save your changes. See Wikipedia:How to create a page, and start over.
Are you closely connected to the article topic?
Wikipedia is the encyclopedia that anyone can edit, but there are special guidelines for editors who are paid or sponsored. These guidelines are intended to prevent biased articles, and maintain the public's trust that content in Wikipedia is impartial and has been added in good faith. (See Wikipedia's conflict of interest (COI) guideline.)
The official guidelines are that editors must be volunteers. That means Wikipedia discourages editing articles about individuals, companies, organizations, products/services, or political causes that pay you directly or indirectly. This includes in-house PR departments and marketing departments, other company employees, public relations firms and publicists, social media consultants, and online reputation management consultants. However, Wikipedia recognizes the large volume of good faith contributions by people who have some affiliation to the articles they work on.
Here are some ground rules. If you break these rules, your edits are likely to be reverted, and the article(s) and your other edits may get extra scrutiny from other Wikipedia editors. Your account may also be blocked.
Things to avoid
Things to be careful about
Great ways to contribute
Don't add promotional language
Don't remove negative/critical text from an article
Don't make a "group" account for multiple people to share
Don't neglect to disclose your affiliation on the article's talk page
Maintain a neutral, objective tone in any content you add or edit
Cite secondary sources (e.g., a major media article) for any new statements you add – even if you are confident a statement is true (e.g., it is about your work), only say it if it has been restated already in a secondary source.
Make minor edits/corrections to articles (e.g., typos, fixing links, adding references to new secondary sources)
If you are biased, suggest new article text or edits on the article talk page (not on the main article page).
Disclose your relationship to the client/topic.
Edit using personal accounts.
Recruit help: Seek out a sponsor (volunteer editor) who has worked on similar articles, or submit ideas for article topics via Requested articles.
Note that this has to do only with conflict of interest. Editors are encouraged to write on topics related to their expertise: e.g., a NASA staffperson might write about planets, or an academic researcher might write about their field. Also, Wikipedians-in-residence or other interns who are paid, hosted or otherwise sponsored by a scientific or cultural institution can upload content and write articles in partnership with curators, indirectly providing positive branding for their hosts.
Create your draft
Click here: Article wizard, read the brief introduction, and then click the big blue button to get started creating your draft.
And then what?
Now that you have created the page, there are still several things you can do.
Keep making improvements
Wikipedia is not finished. Generally, an article is nowhere near being completed the moment it is created. There is a long way to go. In fact, it may take you several edits just to get it started.
If you have so much interest in the article you just created, you may learn more about it in the future, and accordingly have more to add. This may be later today, tomorrow, or several months from now. Any time – go ahead.
Improve formatting
To format your article correctly (and expand it, and possibly even make it featured!), see
Wikipedia:Tutorial to learn how to format your article
Wikipedia:Writing better articles
Wikipedia:The perfect article
Wikipedia:Lead section
Others can freely contribute to the article when it has been saved. The creator does not have special rights to control the later content. See Wikipedia:Ownership of articles.
Also, before you get frustrated or offended about the way others modify or remove your contributions, see Wikipedia:Don't be ashamed.
Avoid orphans
An orphaned article is an article that has few or no other articles linking to it. The main problem with an orphan is that it'll be unknown to others, and may get fewer readers if it is not de-orphaned.
Most new articles are orphans from the moment they are created, but you can work to change that. This will involve editing one or more other articles. Try searching Wikipedia for other pages referring to the subject of your article, then turn those references into links by adding double brackets to either side: "[[" and "]]". If another article has a word or phrase that has the same meaning as your new article, but not expressed in the same words as the title, you can link that word or phrase as follows: "[[title of your new article|word or phrase found in other article]]." Or in certain cases, you could create that word or phrase as a redirect to your new article.
One of the first things you want to do after creating a new article is to provide links to it so it will not be an orphan. You can do that right away, or if you find that exhausting, you can wait a while, provided that you keep the task in mind.
See Wikipedia:Drawing attention to new pages to learn how to get others to see your new articles.
Add to a disambiguation page
If the term is ambiguous (meaning there are multiple pages using that or a similar title), see if there is a disambiguation page for articles bearing that title. If so, add it to that page.
Still need help?
Help desk
For a list of informative, instructional and supportive pages, see Help directory.
The best places to ask for assistance is at the Teahouse and at the main Help desk.
Click here to ask for help on your talk page, a volunteer will visit you there shortly!
For a list of the services and assistance that can be requested on Wikipedia, see Request departments.
Alternately you can ask a question through the Wikipedia #wikipedia-en-help connect on IRC chat.
Read a traditional encyclopedia
Try to read traditional paper encyclopedia articles to get the layout, style, tone, and other elements of encyclopedic content. It is suggested that if you plan to write articles for an encyclopedia, you have some background knowledge in formal writing as well as about the topic at hand. A composition class in your high school or college is recommended before you start writing encyclopedia articles.
The World Book is a good place to start. The goal of Wikipedia is to create an up-to-the-moment encyclopedia on every notable subject imaginable. Pretend that your article will be published in a paper encyclopedia.
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text:
11 foot 8 Bridge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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11 foot 8 Bridge
Warning signs and flashing lights at the Gregson Street Railroad Bridge; photograph taken prior to installation of traffic signals on this side of bridge
Coordinates
35°59′57″N 78°54′37″W / 35.9990744°N 78.910231°W / 35.9990744; -78.910231Coordinates: 35°59′57″N 78°54′37″W / 35.9990744°N 78.910231°W / 35.9990744; -78.910231
Carries
Amtrak
Norfolk Southern Railway
Crosses
South Gregson Street
Locale
Durham, North Carolina, U.S.
Official name
Norfolk Southern–Gregson Street Overpass
Other name(s)
Canopener Bridge
Owner
North Carolina Railroad
Structure Number
000000000630068
Website
http://11foot8.com
Characteristics
Design
Stringer/Multi-beam or Girder
Material
Steel
Total length
28.00 meters (91.86 ft)
No. of spans
2
Clearance below
11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)
History
Construction end
1940
Statistics
Daily traffic
11,000 (2003) with 6% of truck traffic
The 11 foot 8 Bridge (formally known as the Norfolk Southern–Gregson Street Overpass and nicknamed The Can-Opener) is a railroad bridge in Durham, North Carolina, United States, that has attracted media coverage and popular attention because tall vehicles such as trucks and RVs frequently collide with the unusually low overpass, resulting in damage ranging from RV roof air conditioners being scraped off to entire truck roofs being removed.[1] The 78-year-old bridge along South Gregson Street provides only 11 feet 8 inches (3.56 m) of vertical clearance.[2] It cannot be raised, because nearby railroad crossings would also have to be raised with it. The street also cannot be lowered, because a major sewer line runs only four feet (1.2 m) under Gregson Street.[3]
Despite numerous signs and warning devices, a truck crashes into the bridge on average at least once a month. Most crashes involve rental trucks, even though rental agencies warn renters about the under-height bridges in the area.
Jürgen Henn, who works in a nearby office, mounted a video camera to record the crashes. Since April 2008, he has recorded over 100 crashes, and posted them on YouTube.[4] The videos gradually attracted the attention of a local TV station,[5] and eventually progressed to international media attention.[6] The bridge is only one of several under-height bridges in the area that trucks frequently crash into;[7] however, the videos became viral, and brought this particular bridge to international media attention, including front-page coverage in The Wall Street Journal,[6] and on an episode of the Comedy Central show Tosh.0.
As of January 2018[update], there have been no deaths and only three minor injuries at the bridge, leading officials to concentrate on more urgent safety issues.
Contents
[hide]
1 Official actions
1.1 New traffic light
1.2 Priorities
2 References
3 External links
Official actions[edit]
A view from under the bridge, facing traffic. Just below the bridge, is a wide-flange steel H-beam to protect it from over-height trucks. The beam's web is horizontal to better absorb the shear force of truck collisions. The vertical flanges spread the impact.
Screenshot of a truck damaged after attempting to go under the bridge, one of many vehicle collisions recorded by Jürgen Henn
The state of North Carolina owns the North Carolina Railroad Company, which owns the land and the bridge. (North Carolina Railroad owns no rolling stock, but leases tracks to Amtrak and Norfolk Southern Railway.[8]) A heavy steel crash beam protects the bridge from over-height trucks, but does nothing to prevent crashes or protect the trucks. The crash beam has been hit so often that it had to be replaced at least once.
The Transportation Department of the City of Durham maintains Gregson Street, which runs under the bridge. The city installed height detectors on Gregson a block before the bridge. When an over-height truck passes by the detector, yellow warning lights flashed to alert the drivers of trucks that will not clear the low underpass. Unfortunately, many drivers fail to heed the warnings, and crash into the bridge.
The problem is complicated by the location of Peabody Street, which runs parallel to the tracks, and intersects Gregson, just before the bridge. Not all trucks traveling on Gregson will continue under the bridge. Some large trucks must turn right onto Peabody to make their deliveries. Over-height trucks are allowed on Gregson, as long as they turn just before the bridge.
New traffic light[edit]
In May 2016, the city attempted to solve the problem by installing a traffic signal at the intersection, removing the yellow warning lights in return.[9] When an over-height truck approaches, the light turns yellow, then red, and a screen displays the message "OVERHEIGHT MUST TURN". The light will eventually turn green again, even if a truck driver chooses not to turn. The city hoped the long delay would give drivers time to realize their trucks will not fit under the bridge. However, trucks have continued to hit the bridge despite this.
Priorities[edit]
In 2014, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Rail Division and the City of Durham began a "Traffic Separation Study" of 18 rail crossings over a 12-mile (19 km) section of the railroad. Gregson Street is in the middle of that section of track, but was not mentioned in the study. The study focused on eliminating at-grade crossings, not on fixing grade-separated crossings such as the one at Gregson. There have been four deaths and two other injuries in the study area since 1991, compared to only three minor injuries at Gregson.
The study did recommend replacing the bridge at Roxboro Street, because it has a vertical clearance of only 11 feet 4 inches (3.45 m), and "Many trucks have gotten stuck under the Roxboro Street railroad bridge."[10] Local news has reported crashes at the Roxboro Street bridge.[7][11]
As of January 2016[update], recommendations made in the study have not been implemented.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gutierrez, Gabe (January 7, 2016). "This Bridge Continues Wreaking Havoc on Unsuspecting Truck Drivers". NBC Nightly News. NBC News. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gibbs, Tamara (June 22, 2015). "Trucks Hit Same Durham Bridge Hours Apart". Eyewitness News. Durham, NC: WTVD-TV. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mitchell, David (April 12, 2013). "Video: Trucks Smash into Bridge Time After Time After Time". Denver: KDVR-TV. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Ben (January 6, 2016). "The Joys of Watching a Bridge Shave the Tops off Trucks". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Erin Hartness (March 18, 2009). "Man's videos span year of trucks hitting Durham bridge". WRAL-TV. Capitol Broadcasting Company. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Hooley, Danny (January 6, 2016). "A Little off the Top: Durham's 'Canopener Bridge' Makes the Front Page of the Wall Street Journal,". Indy Week. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Another Truck Slams Into Durham Bridge, Gets Stuck". Eyewitness News. Durham, NC: WTVD-TV. August 6, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gary D. Robertson (November 26, 2012). "NC lawmakers seeking more from railroad company". The Daily Herald, Roanoke Rapids, NC. Associated Press. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Chris Williams (July 8, 2016). "Truck Slams Into Durham's 'Can Opener' Bridge Despite New Warning System". Spectrum News. Time Warner Cable. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Matthew West (March 27, 2014). Traffic Separation Study (TSS) (Report). City of Durham, North Carolina. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tractor-trailer hits Roxboro Street bridge in Durham". WRAL-TV. Capitol Broadcasting Company. December 9, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
External links[edit]
Media related to Norfolk Southern–Gregson Street Overpass at Wikimedia Commons
11foot8.com
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text:
New Edition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
New Edition
Also known as
N.E.
Origin
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Genres
R&B,[1][2] pop,[1] new jack swing[3]
Years active
1978–90, 1996–97, 2002–present
Labels
Streetwise, MCA, Bad Boy, Geffen Records
Associated acts
Bell Biv DeVoe, LSG, Heads of State, Bobby Brown, Al B. Sure!, Guy, Troop, Boyz II Men, Jodeci, Shai, 112, Jagged Edge, Big Daddy Kane, Rakim, New Kids on the Block, P. Diddy
Website
newedition4life.com
Members
Ricky Bell
Michael Bivins
Bobby Brown
Ronnie DeVoe
Johnny Gill
Ralph Tresvant
New Edition is an American R&B group from the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, formed in 1978. The group reached its height of popularity in the 1980s. During the group's first experience with fame in 1983, its members were Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins, Bobby Brown, Ronnie DeVoe and Ralph Tresvant. Early hits included "Candy Girl," "Cool It Now," and "Mr. Telephone Man".[4] Brown was voted out of the group in 1985 and embarked on a solo career. The group continued for a time with its remaining four members, but eventually recruited singer Johnny Gill, who would be introduced on their 1988 album Heart Break. The group went on hiatus in 1990, while its various members worked on side projects, such as the group Bell Biv DeVoe. Gill and Tresvant also recorded successful solo albums.
All six members of New Edition reunited in 1996 to record the group's sixth studio album Home Again. During the ill-fated Home Again Tour, both Bobby Brown and Michael Bivins eventually quit the group, forcing the remainder of the tour to be canceled. Various reunions have occurred since, usually with the 1987-1990 lineup, though occasionally also including Brown. Their last studio album was 2004's One Love. As of 2010, two New Edition descendants were recording and touring: Bell Biv DeVoe and Heads of State (which features Brown, Tresvant, and Gill).
On May 3, 2011, New Edition issued a press release on their official website announcing that all six members were reuniting as New Edition to kick off the 30th anniversary celebration of Candy Girl with their fans. They received their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on January 23, 2017. On January 24, 2017, a three-part docuseries premiered on BET about the group's career and personal life. It was later announced that all six members will reunite to record another album and go on tour.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1978: Origins
1.2 1982 – 1985: Beginnings
1.3 1985-1986: The departure of Bobby Brown
1.4 1987 – 1989: The introduction of Johnny Gill and Heart Break
1.5 1990 – 1995: First breakup and solo projects
1.6 1996 – 1997: Home Again reunion and second breakup
1.7 2002 – 2004: Second reunion and New Edition under Bad Boy
1.8 2004 – present: Recent years
2 Awards
3 Discography
4 Tours
5 Members and Lineup Chronology
5.1 Members
5.2 Lineup Chronology
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
1978: Origins[edit]
In 1978, Bobby Brown, Michael Bivins, and Ricky Bell started a vocal group. The group had included two other friends Travis Pettus and Corey Rackley. All five kids lived in the Orchard Park Projects in Roxbury, Boston. They later met Brooke Payne, a local manager and choreographer, who encountered the boys at a local talent show in Roxbury. After an audition for Payne, he gave them the name New Edition to signify they were a new edition of the Jackson 5. Rackley left the group and was replaced by another neighborhood friend Ralph Tresvant, whom Bell, Bivins, and Brown were already acquainted with and who sang with Ricky in a group called Ricky & Ralph. Travis Pettus eventually would leave the group as well. Later, Payne brought in his nephew Ronnie DeVoe to replace Pettus as the group's fifth member.
1982 – 1985: Beginnings[edit]
The group scored its big break in 1981, performing at the local Hollywood Talent Night held at Boston's Strand Theatre by singer/producer Maurice Starr. The first prize was $500 and a recording contract. Though the group came in second place, an impressed Starr decided to bring the group to his studio the following day to record what would become their debut album, Candy Girl. Released in 1983 on New York producer Arthur Baker's Levi Belt Streetwise Records, the album featured the hits: "Is This The End", "Popcorn Love", "Jealous Girl", and the title track, which went to number one on both the American R&B singles chart and the UK singles chart.[5][6][7]
Returning from their first major concert tour, the boys were dropped off back at their homes in the projects and were given a check in the amount of $1.87 apiece for their efforts. Tour budget and expenses were given as the explanation as to why they were not paid more. Due to these financial reasons, New Edition parted company with Starr in 1984 (Starr responded by promptly creating the group New Kids on the Block, essentially formatted after New Edition, but with white teenagers.). Meanwhile, the group hired the law firm of Steven and Martin Machat and sued Streetwise for release from a contract that was unenforceable as well as materially breached by Streetwise. The Machats won the legal game and then secured the group a bigger recording deal with major label MCA Records, which won the bidding war among various other major labels. In need of management, the group signed with Steven Machat and his two management partners Rick Smith and Bill Dern. The management company, AMI, proceeded to escalate the group's profile in both the urban and pop music worlds. Through the production affiliate of AMI, Jump and Shoot, MCA released the group's self-titled second album the same year. Eclipsing their debut album, New Edition spun off the top five hit "Cool It Now" and the top twenty "Mr. Telephone Man", and went on to be certified double platinum in the United States.
While promoting their second album, the group was dismayed to realize that they weren't actually signed to MCA Records, but instead with the production company Jump and Shoot, which had its own deal with MCA; subsequently, all business matters pertaining to the group were controlled by the former. To buy themselves out of the stifling production deal, each of the five members borrowed $100,000 from MCA. Though it effectively separated the group from Jump and Shoot and allowed them to sign a new (and very long-term) contract to record for MCA directly, they were now in mortgage to the label. As a result, the group would be forced to continually record and tour during this period in order to pay off its debt.
New Edition's third album, All for Love, was released in the latter half of 1985. While not duplicating the success of its predecessor, the album was certified platinum, and spawned the hits "Count Me Out", "A Little Bit Of Love (Is All It Takes)", and "With You All the Way". The growing popularity of the group led to a guest appearance (as themselves) in the 1985 film Krush Groove, performing "My Secret". Toward the year's end, Christmas All Over The World, a holiday EP, was released as well as an oldies album of tunes from the '50s sung by the group with an '80s production style.
1985-1986: The departure of Bobby Brown[edit]
Under pressure from MCA and their management, the group voted Bobby Brown out in December 1985, due to behavioral problems.[8][9] Brown embarked on a solo career in 1986, while New Edition continued to promote All for Love as a quartet. In spite of their financial and internal conflicts, New Edition continued to peak. During this era of the group's evolution, the group appeared in the episode of Knight Rider titled "Knight Song", performing Count Me Out. As 1986 wound to a close, they recorded a cover of The Penguins 1954 hit "Earth Angel" for the soundtrack to The Karate Kid, Part II. The song peaked at number twenty-one and inspired the group to record Under the Blue Moon, an album of doo-wop covers.
1987 – 1989: The introduction of Johnny Gill and Heart Break[edit]
After having already lost a member when Bobby Brown was terminated from the group, New Edition's future became uncertain when murmurings began to surface that lead singer Ralph Tresvant was eyeing a solo career as well. To pad his potential departure, singer Johnny Gill was voted into the group by Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins, and Ron DeVoe in 1987, despite Tresvant ultimately deciding to remain in place. A native of Washington, D.C., Johnny Gill is the only non-Boston native among the group's six members.
New Edition's fifth studio release, Heart Break— which also featured Gill as the co-lead vocalist — was released in the summer of 1988. Primarily produced by the production team of Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, the album was a departure from the group's previous bubblegum sound, and instead took on a smoother, stronger, and more adult resonance. Spinning off five hit singles: "If It Isn't Love," "You're Not My Kind of Girl," "Can You Stand The Rain," "Crucial" and "N.E. Heartbreak"; Heart Break became New Edition's most commercially successful album up to that point, certified double platinum in the United States. The success of Heart Break would launch the group on a successful concert tour as well in the closing months of 1988; with N.E. serving as the headliners while Al B. Sure and former member Bobby Brown served as the opening acts.
1990 – 1995: First breakup and solo projects[edit]
Inspired by the substantial success Bobby Brown was having with his multi-platinum 1988 breakthrough album Don’t Be Cruel, after the run of Heart Break, New Edition went on hiatus to pursue side projects away from the group. At the suggestion of producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins and Ron DeVoe formed a trio, Bell Biv DeVoe. Their 1990 debut album, Poison, went quadruple platinum. The same year, lead singers Ralph Tresvant and Johnny Gill (who had already recorded as a solo act prior to joining New Edition) also released self-titled solo albums, which also achieved multi-platinum success. Later that year, the group (including Bobby Brown) had a semi-reunion of sorts when they performed at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. In 1991, all six members again reunited to record a remix of the Bell Biv DeVoe track "Word to the Mutha!"; Brown, Gill and Tresvant also appeared in the music video. Prior to this, Brown also appeared in the music videos for Bell Biv DeVoe's "BBD (I Thought It Was Me)" video, as well as Tresvant's "Stone Cold Gentleman" and "Sensitivity" remix videos.
1996 – 1997: Home Again reunion and second breakup[edit]
By 1996, the members of New Edition had arguably achieved greater commercial success with their own side projects than the group had during its run. However, after having promised fans that there would be a reunion—and still contractually owing MCA Records another New Edition album—the group (with Bobby Brown) reunited to record Home Again, their first new album in eight years. The album debuted at number one on both the Billboard 200 and R&B Albums chart, and became the most commercially successful album of the group's career; reaching double platinum status in the United States. Meanwhile, Home Again produced several hits, including the top ten pop hits: "Hit Me Off" and "I'm Still In Love With You". However, the ensuing 1997 Home Again Tour would prove disastrous for the group. Despite not having toured together in close to a decade (and over ten years for Brown), old rivalries and struggles for on stage dominance resurfaced as if no time had passed. By the middle leg of the tour, one evening at a concert in Las Cruces, NM as Brown was extending his solo set, Ronnie DeVoe attempted to pull Brown off the stage. Brown responded by dropping his microphone and a fist fight between the two ensued. This led to both members' security guards confronting each other, gun play was brought in, and the concert was halted. Bivins and Brown left the tour early, while DeVoe, Bell, Gill, and Tresvant finished out the rest of the tour as a quartet. Brown later admitted during an interview that he was intoxicated during the tour. Each of the group members again went their separate ways, this time on more hostile terms than ever; resulting in an indefinite hiatus that appeared to be the swan song for New Edition.
Also in 1996, the three solo members of New Edition (Brown, Gill and Tresvant) joined Monica and Faith Evans to collaborate with Whitney Houston on a recording of the gospel standard Somebody Bigger Than You and I that appeared on the soundtrack to Houston's movie The Preacher's Wife. They had also made an appearance on Family Matters season 8 episode 9 titled Home Again.
The following year, Gill formed the R&B supergroup LSG, which along with Gerald Levert (for whom he wrote the song "How Do You Like Your Love Served" also from Home Again from Gill's group, which Levert produced) and Keith Sweat to released the album Levert.Sweat.Gill, which had the hit single "My Body".
2002 – 2004: Second reunion and New Edition under Bad Boy[edit]
After their second wave of solo pursuits proved less than successful, New Edition (sans Bobby Brown) reunited once more and began touring clubs, casinos, and small arenas in 2002; including appearing on The Tom Joyner Sky Show. After having caught the attention of rapper/producer Sean Combs, who was present at one of their shows, he signed the group to his Bad Boy Records label, after their long term contract with MCA Records finally ended.
In the fall of 2004, New Edition’s seventh studio album and Bad Boy debut, One Love, was released. Though the album debuted at number twelve on the Billboard 200, it had a steady descent from the chart. The lead-off single, "Hot 2Nite," underperformed; peaking at number thirty-five and number eighty-seven on the R&B and Pop singles charts, respectively. During production of the album, the group disagreed with Combs on its creative direction. In an interview, Ricky Bell later revealed that Combs' had refused to pay New Edition's long time producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for a track that the group wanted on the album. Reportedly, Combs told the group they were over budget, despite their having used many of Bad Boy's in-house team of writers and producers on the album. Ultimately, the group asked to be released from their Bad Boy contract. Despite the messy divorce with Bad Boy, New Edition soldiered on and continued to tour.
2004 – present: Recent years[edit]
In the fall of 2005, New Edition performed a medley of hits at BET’s 25th Anniversary Special. During their set, they brought Bobby Brown out onstage for an impromptu rendition of their 1985 hit "Mr. Telephone Man". Bobby Brown also performed a rendition of "My Prerogative" with Ronnie DeVoe and Ralph Tresvant as dancers. It was later announced on BET and Access Hollywood that Brown had reconciled with New Edition and planned to rejoin the group for its future concert dates and studio albums.
On August 26, 2006, New Edition filmed a concert at the University of South Carolina's Koger Center in Columbia set for a future DVD release, the concert was billed as "Spend the Night with New Edition", a BET special presented by Lincoln with whom the group has advertised. Bobby Brown also made an appearance at the show.
In 2008, the group (minus Brown) recorded a new song with New Kids on the Block called "Full Service" for their latest album, The Block. Meanwhile, Brown, Tresvant and Gill formed a new side group called Heads of State, which performed at "The Summit Tour" in 2009. According to Gill, their group name "is inspired by the original name for The Rat Pack called "The Summit" or "The Heads of State".
On June 28, 2009, the group performed a medley of Jackson 5 hits in tribute to Michael Jackson on the BET Awards. Led by Ralph Tresvant, Bobby Brown, and Ricky Bell, New Edition sang and danced through classics such as "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "The Love You Save".[2] Later that year, Ricky Bell and Johnny Gill joined New Kids on the Block onstage at a House Of Blues benefit show for Toys for Tots in Boston, performing "Full Service" and "This One's for the Children".
Gill later confirmed that New Edition had signed with manager Irving Azoff, that they are currently signed with Geffen Records (which absorbed the group's old label, MCA, and controls the group's back catalog) and was slating to release a comeback album.[10]
On July 3, 2011 in New Orleans, Louisiana, all six members of New Edition reunited at the Essence Music Festival to kick off and celebrate their 30th anniversary tour. “This is just the beginning. We’re preparing for a world tour and many other exciting things that we’ll be announcing soon. The next chapter of New Edition is going to be an incredible celebration to thank our fans for all of their support over the last 30 years,” said Bell speaking on behalf of the group.
In February 2012, Brown would miss a handful of dates due to the death of ex-wife Whitney Houston.[11] On March 9 and 11, 2012, Bobby Brown and Bell Biv DeVoe made their African debut by performing in Nigeria.[12]
In late 2012, New Edition received the Lifetime Achievement Award during the Soul Train Awards ceremony. All six members appeared together onstage that evening.
From Late 2011- Early 2012, New Edition went on a tour called #AllSix with was in the United States. This happen after Heads Of State went on there 2 year 2 month tour called the Summit Tour which was healed from November 2008 to January 2011.
In August 2015, BET announced a three night miniseries about the group would be made for release in January 2017. Five members signed on to be co-producers of the production, Ronnie DeVoe, Ricky Bell, Johnny Gill, Michael Bivins, and Ralph Tresvant. Jesse Collins Entertainment will be the executive producer of the original miniseries, which will be BET’s first scripted music-focused miniseries. The group's original choreographer and longtime manager Brooke Payne will also serve as a co-producer. Bobby Brown has now signed off to co-produce the film as well making it all six members to sign on.
On June 28 2016, Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and Walk of Famer Vin Di Bona announced New Edition's induction into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of Recording.[13] On January 23, 2017, New Edition received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for their contributions to the music industry, located at 7080 Hollywood Boulevard.[14] On January 24-26, 2017, BET aired the biopic miniseries The New Edition Story which chronicles the band members life from their childhood in Boston into Hollywood fame as adults. It was directed by Chris Robinson and executive produced by Jessie Collins. The group served as co-producers. The mini brought in 28.4 million viewers to BET, through the initial run and subsequent encores over the week of the premiere.[15]
Awards[edit]
New Edition received two American Music Awards for Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group (1987 and 1997). They also received the Soul Train Award in 1989 for Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Album of the Year – Group, Band, or Duo (Heart Break), and again in 1997 for the Best R&B/Soul Album – Group, Band, or Duo - (Home Again). In 2016, New Edition received the Soul Train Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2017, New Edition received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 BET Awards.
Discography[edit]
Main article: New Edition discography
Studio albums
Candy Girl (1983)
New Edition (1984)
All for Love (1985)
Under the Blue Moon (1986)
Heart Break (1988)
Home Again (1996)
One Love (2004)
Other albums
Greatest Hits Vol. 1 (1991)
Gold (2005)
Candy Girl 25th Anniversary Edition (2008)
Tours[edit]
All for Love Tour (1985)
New Edition presents Carefree Summer Fest 1986 (1986)
Heartbreak Tour (1988-89)
Home Again Tour (1996-97) (half cancelled)
30th Anniversary Tour (2011)
#AllSix (2014)
Greatest Hits 2016 Tour (2016)
Members and Lineup Chronology[edit]
Members[edit]
Ricky Bell - Secondary Lead Singer (1978-1990; 1996-1997; 2004-present)
Michael Bivins - Rapper (1978-1990; 1996-1997; 2004-present)
Bobby Brown - Tertiary Lead Singer (1978-1985; 1996-1997; 2005-present)
Ronnie DeVoe - Rapper (1981-1990; 1996-1997; 2004-present)
Johnny Gill - Quaternary Lead Singer (1987-1990; 1996-1997; 2004-present)
Ralph Tresvant - Primary Lead Singer (1980-1990; 1996-1997; 2004-present)
Lineup Chronology[edit]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Huey, Steve. "New Edition – Artist Biography". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jamie Foxx, New Edition Open BET Awards With Rousing Michael Jackson Tributes". MTV News.
Jump up ^ Carter, Kelley L. (10 August 2008). "5 Things You Can Learn About ... New jack swing". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Billboard.com
Jump up ^ Sources: The Streetwise Records Anthology, London: Demon Music Group, 20 November 2015
Jump up ^ Streetwise - CDs and Vinyl at Discogs, Portland: Discogs
Jump up ^ New Edition’s “Candy Girl” Turns 30: A Retrospective (Deluxe Edition), Bastard Swordsman
Jump up ^ "Bobby Brown Bio - Bobby Brown Career". MTV Artists.
Jump up ^ Billboard.com - Biography - Bobby Q. Brown
Jump up ^ "Black News, Entertainment, Style and Culture - HuffPost Black Voices". The Huffington Post.
Jump up ^ Kirby, Jonathan (2012-02-16). "New Edition reunion keeps '80s alive". News & Record. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2012-02-16. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Bobby Brown and New Edition in Nigeria for first ever African concert | Entertainment News". Entertainment.myjoyonline.com. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ http://hollywoodchamber.chambermaster.com/news/details/hollywood-chamber-of-commerce-and-walk-of-famer-vin-di-bona-announce-hollywood-walk-of-fame-honorees
Jump up ^ "New Edition | Hollywood Walk of Fame". www.walkoffame.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
Jump up ^ Schwindt, Orinda. "BET's 'The New Edition Story' Miniseries Ends on Ratings High Note". variety.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
External links[edit]
Book: New Edition
Sporty Rich Enterprises (Michael Bivins)

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"Is This the End" (1983)
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"N.E. Heart Break" (1989)
"Hit Me Off" (1996)
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"Hot 2Nite" (2004)
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"Rub You the Right Way"
"My, My, My"
"Fairweather Friend"
"Wrap My Body Tight"
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"Word to the Mutha!"
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"Rated R"
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WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX261710
BNF: cb13905253g (data)
GND: 10280583-0
ISNI: 0000 0001 2253 8598
LCCN: n85316109
MusicBrainz: b4b94b15-1535-48a4-aa1e-d44e55d75bc5
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