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Legacies (TV series)
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Legacies
Genre
Drama
Supernatural
Horror
Fantasy
Created by
Julie Plec
Starring
Danielle Rose Russell
Aria Shahghasemi
Kaylee Bryant
Jenny Boyd
Quincy Fouse
Peyton Alex Smith
Matt Davis
Composer(s)
Michael Suby
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
1 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Julie Plec
Brett Matthews
Leslie Morgenstein
Gina Girolamo
Cinematography
Michael Karasick
Editor(s)
Tony Solomons
Production company(s)
My So-Called Company
Alloy Entertainment
CBS Television Studios
Warner Bros. Television
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television Distribution
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 25, 2018 (2018-10-25) – present (present)
Chronology
Related shows
The Vampire Diaries
The Originals
Legacies is an American television drama series that premiered on October 25, 2018, on The CW. It is a spinoff of The Originals. It was created by Julie Plec, creator of The Originals and co-creator of The Vampire Diaries, and stars Danielle Rose Russell and Matt Davis.
Contents
1 Premise
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Special guest star
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
4 Episodes
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
6 References
7 External links
Premise[edit]
Legacies follows Hope Mikaelson, the daughter of Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall, who is descended from some of the most powerful vampire, werewolf, and witch bloodlines. Two years after the events of The Originals, 17-year-old Hope attends the Salvatore School for the Young and Gifted. The school provides a haven where supernatural beings can learn to control their abilities and impulses.[1][2]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Danielle Rose Russell as Hope Mikaelson: A 17-year-old orphan and student at the Salvatore School for the Young and gifted who is descended from some of the most powerful vampire, werewolf, and witch bloodlines via her parents Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall. The character was first introduced on The Originals.[3]
Aria Shahghasemi as Landon Kirby: Rafael's foster brother and an old acquaintance of Hope who has a romantic interest in her. Initially thought to be a human, he is later suspected to be some kind of supernatural being. The character was first introduced on The Originals.[4][5]
Kaylee Bryant as Josie Saltzman: A witch and student at the Salvatore School. She is Alaric's daughter, Lizzie's twin, and was named after her biological mother, Josette "Jo" Laughlin of the powerful Gemini Coven. The character was first introduced on The Vampire Diaries.[4][6]
Jenny Boyd as Lizzie Saltzman: A witch and student at the Salvatore School. She is Alaric's daughter, Josie's twin, and was named after Elizabeth Forbes, the late mother of the twins' surrogate mother, Caroline Forbes. The character was first introduced on The Vampire Diaries.[4][6]
Quincy Fouse as Milton "M.G." Greasley: A good-natured vampire who works as Alaric's student aide, and is friendly with the Saltzman twins.[4][6]
Peyton Alex Smith as Rafael Waithe: A recently-triggered werewolf and Landon's foster brother. After suffering an abusive childhood in the system, he becomes a student at the Salvatore School.[7][6]
Matt Davis as Alaric Saltzman: The human headmaster of the Salvatore School and the father of Josie and Lizzie. Davis described Alaric's role in the series as "somewhere between Professor X and Dumbledore." The character was first introduced on The Vampire Diaries.[3][8]
Recurring[edit]
Karen David as Emma Tig[9]
Special guest star[edit]
Zach Roerig as Matt Donovan[2] (in "This Is the Part Where You Run")
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In August 2017, it was announced that early discussion on the development of a spinoff of The Originals, focusing on Hope Mikaelson the daughter of Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall, were taking place with Julie Plec, creator of The Originals and co-creator of The Vampire Diaries.[10][11] In January 2018, it was revealed that a pilot for the spinoff had been ordered; Plec penned the pilot script, and is credited with creating the series.[12] It was announced in March 2018 that the spinoff had been ordered to pilot, but instead of a traditional pilot, a fifteen-minute pilot presentation of the series would be presented to The CW.[13][14]
On May 11, 2018, it was announced that the spinoff, titled Legacies, was ordered to series for the 2018–19 U.S. television season.[15] In June 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on October 25, 2018.[16] On October 8, 2018, The CW ordered three additional scripts for the series, bringing the total script order to sixteen.[17]
Casting[edit]
It was announced in March 2018 that The Vampire Diaries veteran Matt Davis would reprise the role of Alaric Saltzman, and that Danielle Rose Russell would star as Hope Mikaelson.[13][18] Quincy Fouse, Jenny Boyd, Kaylee Bryant, and Aria Shahghasemi are also set to star.[13] Shahghasemi would debut in the twelfth episode of the fifth season of The Originals as Hope's friend, Landon.[19] It was revealed at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2018 that Paul Wesley would direct an episode, and that Zach Roerig would appear in the series.[2] Also, it was revealed that Steven R. McQueen would appear as Jeremy Gilbert in the series' third episode.[20]
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title [21]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [21]
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"This Is the Part Where You Run" Chris Grismer Julie Plec October 25, 2018 (2018-10-25) T46.10051 1.12[22]
2
"Some People Just Want to Watch the World Burn" Michael Allowitz[23] Brett Matthews & Julie Plec[23] November 1, 2018 (2018-11-01) TBA TBD
3
"We're Being Punked, Pedro" Carol Banker[24] Julie Plec & Sherman Payne[24] November 8, 2018 (2018-11-08) TBA TBD
4
"Hope Is Not the Goal" Chris Grismer[25] Teleplay by: Bryce Ahart & Stephanie McFarlane
Story by: Brett Mathews[25] November 15, 2018 (2018-11-15) TBA TBD
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 71% based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 8.67 out of 10.[26] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 59 out of 100 based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[27]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "This Is the Part Where You Run" October 25, 2018 0.3/1 1.12[22] TBD TBD TBD TBD
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pena, Jessica (May 17, 2018). "Legacies: CW Orders Spinoff of The Originals for Fall 2018". TV Series Finale. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Roffman, Marisa (July 21, 2018). "'Legacies' Books First 'Vampire Diaries' Vets but Will Follow Its Own Path". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (March 6, 2018). "'TVD/The Originals' Universe Spinoff: Matt Davis & Danielle Rose Russell Lead Cast of Hope-Centric Series In Works At the CW". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Swift, Andy (August 29, 2018). "Legacies Photos: Meet the Originals Spinoff Cast — and Start Speculating!". TVLine. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ MacDonald, Lindsay (October 25, 2018). "The Legacies Premiere Left Us With One Question: What the Hell Is Landon Kirby?". TV Guide. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Swift, Andy (October 25, 2018). "Legacies Series Premiere: Grade It!". TVLine. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Legacies': Peyton Alex Smith Joins The CW Drama As Series Regular". Deadline. August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hatchett, Keisha (October 9, 2018). "Julie Plec Says Legacies Is What She Originally Intended The Vampire Diaries to Be". TV Guide. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (August 21, 2018). "'Legacies': Karen David To Recur In The CW Drama Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 2, 2017). "'The Originals' Spinoff Centered On Character Hope In Early Talks At The CW – TCA". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: Wednesday, August 2". The Futon Critic. August 2, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2018. Hope Mikaelson, the tribrid daughter of Niklaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall-Kenner, is being eyed for a potential spinoff of the series, which wraps its run after five seasons next year.
Jump up ^ DarkUFO (January 17, 2018). "Thee Originals – Spin-off ordered to Pilot?". Spoiler TV. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Otterson, Joe (March 6, 2018). "'The Originals' Spinoff Moves Forward at CW With Danielle Rose Russell, Matt Davis Set to Star". Variety. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kantor, Jonathan H. (June 1, 2018). "6 New CW Shows Coming This Year (And 9 In Development)". Variety. Retrieved August 3, 2018. Unlike most series ordered to pilot by the network, Legacies was given the opportunity to present a 15 minute pilot presentation for the series.
Jump up ^ Highfill, Samantha (May 11, 2018). "The CW picks up Legacies, the Hope-centric Originals spin-off". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (June 20, 2018). "The CW Sets Fall Premiere Dates, Including New 'Super' Sunday". TVLine. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (October 8, 2018). "The CW Orders Additional Scripts for All American, Charmed and Legacies". TVLine. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (May 11, 2018). "The CW Picks Up 'Charmed' & 'Roswell' Reboots, 'TVD'/'Originals Offshoot, 'In The Dark' & Greg Berlanti Pilot To Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (November 17, 2017). "The Originals Final Season Scoop: Meet the Human Who Catches Hope's Eye". TVLine. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (August 1, 2018). "Vampire Diaries' Steven R. McQueen to Reprise His Role on Spinoff Legacies". TVLine. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Legacies (CW) – Listings". The Futon Critic. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (October 26, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'Supernatural,' and 'Thursday Night Football' adjust up, 'Will & Grace' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "(#102) "Some People Just Want to Watch the World Burn"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "(#103) "We're being Punked, Pedro"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "(#104) "Hope is Not the Goal"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Legacies: Season 1 (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Legacies: Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
External links[edit]
Legacies on IMDb
show
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The Vampire Diaries
Episodes
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"Pilot"
"The Night of the Comet"
"Friday Night Bites"
"Family Ties"
"You're Undead to Me"
"Lost Girls"
"Haunted"
"162 Candles"
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"Bad Moon Rising"
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"Plan B"
"Masquerade"
"Rose"
"Katerina"
"The Sacrifice"
"By the Light of the Moon"
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"The Dinner Party"
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"Know Thy Enemy"
"The Last Dance"
"Klaus"
"The Last Day"
"The Sun Also Rises"
"As I Lay Dying"
Season 3
"The Birthday"
"The Hybrid"
"The End of the Affair"
"Disturbing Behavior"
"The Reckoning"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"
"Ghost World"
"Ordinary People"
"Homecoming"
"The New Deal"
"Our Town"
"The Ties That Bind"
"Bringing Out the Dead"
"Dangerous Liaisons"
"All My Children"
"The Departed"
Season 4
"Growing Pains"
"Memorial"
"The Rager"
"The Five"
"The Killer"
"We All Go a Little Mad Sometimes"
"My Brother's Keeper"
"We'll Always Have Bourbon Street"
"O Come, All Ye Faithful"
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"A View to a Kill"
Season 5
"I Know What You Did Last Summer"
"True Lies"
"Original Sin"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
"Monster's Ball"
"Handle with Care"
"Death and the Maiden"
"Dead Man on Campus"
"The Cell"
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"500 Years of Solitude"
"The Devil Inside"
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"Rescue Me"
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"Home"
Season 6
"I'll Remember"
"Yellow Ledbetter"
"Welcome to Paradise"
"Black Hole Sun"
"The World Has Turned and Left Me Here"
"The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get"
"Do You Remember the First Time?"
"Fade Into You"
"I Alone"
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"Gods and Monsters"
Season 8
"I Was Feeling Epic"
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Katherine Pierce
Stefan Salvatore
Damon Salvatore
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text:
Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Seal of K.P. Government
Flag of K.P. Government
Incumbent
Parvez Khattak
Style
His Excellency
Member of
Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Cabinet of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Residence
Chief Minister House Peshawar
Seat
Peshawar
Appointer
Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Term length
Five years (maximum)
Constituting instrument
Constitution of Pakistan
Inaugural holder
Abdul Qayyum Khan
Formation
August 23, 1947; 67 years ago
The Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (CM-KP) is the head of the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The chief minister leads the legislative branch of the provincial government.
The Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is elected by the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to serve as the head of the provincial government in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current Chief Minister is Parvez Khattak . The outgoing government was of Awami National Party while the incoming government is of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (In majority with 55 members). Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf made alliance with Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Qaumi Watan Party and Awami Jamhuri Ittehad Pakistan.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Role
3 List of Chief Ministers of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
3.1 Pre-1947
3.2 Post-1947
3.3 Post AbolishedOctober 14, 1955 - June 30, 1970
3.4 Martial LawJuly 1, 1970 - May 1, 1972
3.5 Governor's RuleFebruary 16, 1975 - May 3, 1975
3.6 Martial LawJuly 5, 1977 - April 7, 1985
3.7 Governor's RuleOctober 12, 1999 - November 30, 2002
3.8 Governor's RuleOctober 12, 1999 - November 30, 2002
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
In 1901, NWFP was declared as a Chief Commissioner Province and thirty-one years later in 1932 its status was raised to the Governor Province. In 1937, the Government of India Act 1935 was enforced in NWFP and NWFP Legislative Assembly was formed. The first session of parliament was summoned on 12 March 1946 under the Chairmanship of Sardar Bahadur Khan while Nawabzada Allah Nawaz Khan was elected as Speaker and Lala Girdheri Lal as Deputy Speaker on 13 March 1946. The total number of members was 50. This Assembly was dissolved in 1951 and the number of members was increased from 50 to 58. The legislative Assembly became a Provincial Assembly through a presidential order known as legal framework order 1970. After the restoration of the Provincial Assembly in 1970, General Elections were held for the NWFP Provincial Assembly on 17 December 1970. At that time the number of member’s seats in the Assembly was 43 out of which 2 seats were reserved for women and only one for minorities. The first session of the Assembly was summoned on 2 May 1972 in the hall of Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, University Town Peshawar. Mr. Muhammad Aslam Khan Khattak was elected as Speaker and Arbab Saifur Rehman Khan as Deputy Speaker on 2 May 1972.
Role[edit]
The Provincial Assembly with 124 elected members, constituent of 99 Regular seats, 22 seats reserved for Women and 3 seats for Non-Muslims elects the Chief Minister of the Province who forms a Cabinet of Ministers to look after various Departments. The Chief Minister is the Chief Executive of the Province and reserves almost all the powers. The Federal Government appoints a Governor as head of the province.
List of Chief Ministers of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa[edit]
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mil Mi 17 helicopter.

Pre-1947[edit]
Tenure
Portrait
Name
Party
1 April 1937 – 7 September 1937 Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Non-Party Government Nominee
7 September 1937 – 10 November 1939 Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (1st time) Indian National Congress
10 November 1939 – 25 May 1943 Governor's rule
25 May 1943 – 16 March 1945 Sardar Aurangzeb Khan Muslim League
16 March 1945 – 22 August 1947 Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (2nd time) Indian National Congress
Post-1947[edit]
Parties
Caretaker
Pakistan Muslim League
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Pakistan Peoples Party
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
Awami National Party
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
No.
Photo
Name
Took Office
Left Office
Political Party
Governor(s)
1.
Abdul Qayyum Khan August 23, 1947 April 23, 1953 Pakistan Muslim League George Cunningham (governor)
Ambrose Flux Dundas
Sahibzada Mohammad Khurshid
Justice K.B Mohammad Ibrahim Khan (acting)
Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar
Khwaja Shahabuddin
2.
Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan April 23, 1953 July 18, 1955 Pakistan Muslim League
Qurban Ali Khan
3.
Sardar Bahadur Khan July 19, 1955 October 14, 1955 Pakistan Muslim League
Post Abolished
October 14, 1955 - June 30, 1970[edit]
Martial Law
July 1, 1970 - May 1, 1972[edit]
4.
Maulana Mufti Mehmood March 1, 1972 February 15, 1973 Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Arbab Sikandar Khan
5.
Sardar Inayatullah Khan Gandapur April 29, 1973 February 16, 1975 Pakistan Peoples Party Muhammad Aslam Khan Khattak
Syed Ghawas
Governor's Rule
February 16, 1975 - May 3, 1975[edit]
6.
Nasrullah Khan Khattak May 3, 1975 April 9, 1977 Pakistan Peoples Party Syed Ghawas
Naseerullah Babar
7.
Muhammad Iqbal Khan Jadoon April 9, 1977 July 5, 1977 Pakistan Peoples Party
Martial Law
July 5, 1977 - April 7, 1985[edit]
8.
Arbab Jehangir Khan April 7, 1985 May 31, 1988 Independent Fazle Haq
Abdul Ghafoor Khan
Syed Usman Ali Shah
Fida Mohammad Khan
9.
Fazle Haq May 31, 1988 December 2, 1988 Caretaker
Amir Gulistan Janjua
10.
Aftab Ahmad Sherpao (1st time) December 2, 1988 August 7, 1990 Pakistan Peoples Party
11.
Mir Afzal Khan (acting till 8 Nov 1990) August 7, 1990 July 20, 1993 Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
Khurshid Ali Khan
12.
Mufti Muhammad Abbas July 20, 1993 October 20, 1993 Caretaker
13.
Pir Sabir Shah October 20, 1993 February 25, 1994 Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Governor's Rule
October 12, 1999 - November 30, 2002[edit]
14.
Aftab Ahmad Sherpao (2nd time) April 24, 1994 November 12, 1996 Pakistan Peoples Party Khurshid Ali Khan
Justice Said Ibne Ali (acting)
Arif Bangash
15.
Raja Sikander Zaman November 12, 1996 February 21, 1997 Caretaker
16.
Mehtab Ahmed Khan February 21, 1997 October 12, 1999 Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Miangul Aurangzeb
Governor's Rule
October 12, 1999 - November 30, 2002[edit]
17
Akram Khan Durrani November 30, 2002 October 11, 2007 Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Iftikhar Hussain Shah
Khalilur Rehman
Ali Jan Aurakzai
18
Shamsul Mulk December 9, 2007 March 4, 2008 Caretaker
Owais Ahmed Ghani
19.
Ameer Haider Khan Hoti March 31, 2008 March 20, 2013 Awami National Party
Syed Masood Kausar
Shaukatullah Khan
20.
Justice (R) Tariq Pervez March 20, 2013 May 31, 2013 Caretaker
21.
Parvez Khattak May 31, 2013 Incumbent Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Mehtab Ahmed Khan
Iqbal Zafar Jhagra
See also[edit]
Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
List of Chief Ministers in Pakistan
List of Governors of Pakistan
References[edit]
Functions Of Chief Minister’s Secretariat - khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk/
[1]
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North-West Frontier Province
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text:
Carbidopa/levodopa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Carbidopa/levodopa
Combination of
Agonist
Levodopa
Enzyme inhibitor
Carbidopa
Clinical data
Trade names
Atamet, Carbilev, Sinemet
AHFS/Drugs.com
Monograph
MedlinePlus
a601068
License data
US FDA: Sinemet
Pregnancy
category
AU: B3
US: C (Risk not ruled out)
ATC code
N04BA02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
AU: S4 (Prescription only)
CA: ℞-only
UK: POM (Prescription only)
US: ℞-only
Identifiers
PubChem CID
104778
ChemSpider
94585 Y
Y (what is this?) (verify)
Carbidopa/levodopa, also known as levocarb and co-careldopa, is the combination of the two medications carbidopa and levodopa.[1] It is primarily used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson's disease but does not change the course of the disease.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] It can take two to three weeks of treatment before benefits are seen.[2] Each dose then begins working in about ten minutes with a duration of effect of about five hours.[2][3]
Common side effects include movement problems and nausea.[1] More serious side effects include depression, low blood pressure with standing, sudden onset of sleepiness, psychosis, and increased risk taking behavior.[1][4] Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa outside the brain.[4] In the brain, levodopa is broken down into dopamine by which it has its effects.[4]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[5] It is available as a generic medication and is moderately expensive.[4] The wholesale price in the developing world is about 1.80 to 3.00 USD a month.[6] In the United States a month's supply is about 50 to 150 USD.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Medical uses
1.1 Parkinson's disease
1.2 Other
2 Side effects
3 Mechanism of action
4 History
5 Society and culture
5.1 Cost
5.2 Names
5.3 Shortages
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Medical uses[edit]
Parkinson's disease[edit]
It is primarily used to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease but does not change the course of the disease.[1] It can take two to three weeks of treatment before benefits are seen.[2] Each dose then begins working in about ten minutes with a duration of effect of about five hours.[2][3]
A formulation that can be given in an intra-intestinal pump, known as Duodopa is being developed.[7][8]
Other[edit]
Other uses include for dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD) and restless legs syndrome.[4]
There is tentative evidence that it is useful in amblyopia when used with other treatments.[9]
Side effects[edit]
Common side effects include movement problems, and nausea.[1] Most common early side effect is hallucinations, as movement problems manifest 5–10 years after initiation of treatment.[citation needed] More serious side effects include depression, low blood pressure with standing, sudden onset of sleepiness, and the compulsion to gamble, engage in sexual behavior, or other risk-taking behavior.[1]
Mechanism of action[edit]
Levodopa is converted to dopamine via the action of a naturally occurring enzyme called DOPA decarboxylase. This occurs both in the peripheral circulation and in the central nervous system after levodopa has crossed the blood brain barrier. Activation of central dopamine receptors improves the symptoms of Parkinson's disease; however, activation of peripheral dopamine receptors causes nausea and vomiting. For this reason levodopa is usually administered in combination with a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI), in this case carbidopa, which is very polar (and charged at physiologic pH) and cannot cross the blood brain barrier, however prevents peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine and thereby reduces the unwanted peripheral side effects of levodopa. Use of carbidopa also increases the quantity of levodopa in the bloodstream that is available to enter the brain.
History[edit]
In 1960 the Austrian biochemist Oleh Hornykiewicz, while at the University of Vienna, examined results of autopsies of patients who had died with Parkinson's disease. He suggested that the disease was associated with, or caused by, a reduction in the levels of dopamine in the basal ganglia of the brain. Since dopamine itself did not enter the brain, he tried treating twenty patients with a racemic mixture of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which could enter the brain and be converted there to dopamine by the action of DOPA decarboxylase. His results were positive, as were those of another trial in Montreal run by André Barbeau. Unfortunately, other investigators were unable to replicate these early results, and the use of DOPA remained in question until 1967, when George Cotzias at the Brookhaven National Laboratories in Upton, New York, used megadoses of DOPA, up to 16 grams per day. Not long after these results became known, Curt Porter at Merck showed that L-DOPA was the active stereoisomer, thus reducing the effective dose to half.[10]
With L-DOPA identified as the active form, Alfred Pletscher and his colleagues at Hoffman-LaRoche synthesized benserazide, an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, which further reduced the required dose. A drug combining L-DOPA with benserazide was marketed under the brand name of Madopar. Independent work was carried out by Victor Lotti at Merck in West Point, Pennsylvania. Merck had already synthesized and patented carbidopa, another dopa decarboxylase inhibitor in 1962, and in 1971 Lotti showed that the use of the L-form of carbidopa, further reduced the therapeutic dose of L-DOPA. The combination of L-carbidopa and L-DOPA was marketed under the brand name of Sinemet.[10]
Society and culture[edit]
Cost[edit]
It is available as a generic medication and is moderately expensive.[4] Globally, the wholesale price of the medication is about 1.80 to 3.00 USD a month.[6] In the United States a months supply is about 50 to 150 USD.[1]
Names[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The generic name under the BAN system is Co-careldopa.
It is sold under several brand names, including Sinemet (Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited), Pharmacopa, Atamet, Apo-Levocarb, Duodopa, Kinson, and Pharmacopa, among others.
Extended-release formulations are sold as Rytary and Sinemet-CR. An extended-release enteral solution is sold as Duopa.
Shortages[edit]
In 1991, Merck licensed the rights to the manufacture and sale of Sinemet to a newly created joint venture, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company. That same year, approvals for a sustained release formulation (Sinemet CR) which could be taken less frequently were also obtained.[11] DuPont purchased Merck's share in the joint venture in 1998 and began operating the company as DuPont Pharmaceuticals (DuPont Pharma), but Merck continued to manufacture the drug for DuPont.[12] Starting in late 2009 and continuing into 2011 Merck stopped manufacturing the drug while awaiting regulatory approvals due to a change in the supplier of the active ingredient. This resulted in shortages of the brand name products Sinemet and Sinemet CR, although alternative generic versions were still available.[13]
Another shortage appears to be occurring; it seems to have begun at the end of 2017.[14][15]
See also[edit]
Stalevo in combination with entacapone
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Levodopa/Carbidopa". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved Aug 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014. p. 246. ISBN 9780323293617. Archived from the original on 2017-07-05.
^ Jump up to: a b Atlee, John L. (2007). Complications in anesthesia (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. p. 490. ISBN 9781416022152. Archived from the original on 2017-03-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hamilton, Richard J. (2013). Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia (14th ed.). Burlington, MA.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 303. ISBN 9781449673635. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12.
Jump up ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Levodopa + Carbidopa". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fact sheet - Duodopa (levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel)". Hc-sc.gc.ca. 2010-08-11. Archived from the original on 2013-01-11. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
Jump up ^ "Abbott Healthcare - Information on Duodopa". Duodopa.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-01-01. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
Jump up ^ DeSantis, D (June 2014). "Amblyopia". Pediatric clinics of North America. 61 (3): 505–18. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2014.03.006. PMID 24852148.
^ Jump up to: a b Scriabine, Alexander (1999). "Discovery and Development of Major Drugs Currently in Use", pp. 222–223 in Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health, edited by Ralph Landau, Basil Achilladelis, and Alexander Scriabine. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. ISBN 978-0-941901-21-5.
Jump up ^ Sinemet Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine. at Dupont Heritage.
Jump up ^ SINEMET at listingdrugs.com Archived May 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Letter From MERCK About SINEMET Shortage Archived July 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. at Bibmomma's Blog – Reflections of an early onset Parkinson's patient.
Jump up ^ https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/drugshortages/dsp_ActiveIngredientDetails.cfm?AI=Carbidopa%20and%20Levodopa%20Extended%20Release%20Tablets&st=c&tab=tabs-1
Jump up ^ https://www.ashp.org/Drug-Shortages/Current-Shortages/Drug-Shortage-Detail.aspx?Type=Rss&Id=1181
External links[edit]
Levodopa and Carbidopa at U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
Sinemet® CR Product Monograph at Merck Canada
Sinemet® Data Sheet at The Ministry of Health, New Zealand
[show]
v
t
e
Antiparkinson agents (N04)
Dopaminergics
DA precursors
Levodopa#
Melevodopa
DA receptor agonists
Apomorphine
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Dihydroergocryptine
Lisuride
Pergolide
Piribedil
Pramipexole
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
MAO-B inhibitors
Rasagiline
Selegiline
COMT inhibitors
Entacapone
Opicapone
Tolcapone
AAAD inhibitors
Benserazide
Carbidopa#
Anticholinergics
Benzatropine
Biperiden#
Bornaprine
Chlorphenoxamine
Cycrimine
Dexetimide
Diphenhydramine
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine
Mazaticol
Metixene
Orphenadrine
Phenglutarimide
Piroheptine
Procyclidine
Profenamine
Trihexyphenidyl
Tropatepine
Others
Amantadine
Budipine
Methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine)
Rimantadine
#WHO-EM
‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
†Phase III
§Never to phase III
[show]
v
t
e
Dopamine receptor modulators
D1-like
Agonists
Benzazepines: 6-Br-APB
Fenoldopam
SKF-38,393
SKF-77,434
SKF-81,297
SKF-82,958
SKF-83,959
Trepipam
Zelandopam
Ergolines: Cabergoline
CY-208,243
Dihydroergocryptine
LEK-8829
Lisuride
Pergolide
Terguride
Dihydrexidine derivatives: A-77636
A-86929
Adrogolide (ABT-431, DAS-431)
Dihydrexidine
Dinapsoline
Dinoxyline
Doxanthrine
Phenethylamines: BCO-001
Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine)
Dopexamine
Etilevodopa
Ibopamine
L-DOPA (levodopa)
Melevodopa
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tyrosine
XP21279
Others: A-68930
Apomorphine
Isocorypalmine
Nuciferine
PF-6649751
PF 6669571
Propylnorapomorphine
Rotigotine
SKF-89,145
SKF-89,626
Stepholidine
Tetrahydropalmatine
Antagonists
Typical antipsychotics: Butaclamol
Chlorpromazine
Chlorprothixene
Flupentixol (flupenthixol) (+melitracen)
Fluphenazine
Loxapine
Perphenazine (+amitriptyline)
Pifluthixol
Thioridazine
Thiothixene
Trifluoperazine (+tranylcypromine)
Zuclopenthixol
Atypical antipsychotics: Asenapine
Clorotepine
Clotiapine
Clozapine
DHA-clozapine
Fluperlapine
Iloperidone
Norclozapine
Norquetiapine
Olanzapine (++fluoxetine)
Paliperidone
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Tefludazine
Zicronapine
Ziprasidone
Zotepine
Others: Berupipam
Ecopipam
EEDQ
Metitepine (methiothepin)
Odapipam
Perlapine
SCH-23390
D2-like
Agonists
Adamantanes: Amantadine
Memantine
Rimantadine
Aminotetralins: 5-OH-DPAT
7-OH-DPAT
8-OH-PBZI
Rotigotine
UH-232
Ergolines: Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Dihydroergocryptine
Epicriptine
Ergocornine
Lisuride
LSD
Pergolide
Terguride
Dihydrexidine derivatives: 2-OH-NPA
Ciladopa
Dihydrexidine
Dinoxyline
N,N-Propyldihydrexidine
Phenethylamines: Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine)
Dopexamine
Etilevodopa
Ibopamine
L-DOPA (levodopa)
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tyrosine
Melevodopa
XP21279
Atypical antipsychotics: Alentemol (U-66444B)
Aripiprazole (+sertraline)
Aripiprazole lauroxil
Bifeprunox
Brexpiprazole
Cariprazine
F-15063
Lumateperone
Norclozapine
RP-5063
Others: 3-PPP
A-412997
ABT-670
ABT-724
Adrafinil
Aplindore
Apomorphine
Arketamine
Armodafinil
BP-897
Captodiame
CP-226,269
Dizocilpine
Esketamine
Flibanserin
GSK-789,472
Ketamine
Mesulergine
Modafinil
OSU-6162
Pardoprunox
PD-128,907
PD-168,077
PF-219,061
PF-592,379
Phencyclidine
Piribedil
Pramipexole
Preclamol
Propylnorapomorphine
Pukateine
Quinagolide
Quinelorane
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Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For naval operations in the Southwest Pacific area, including the Netherlands East Indies, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, and New Guinea, see South West Pacific theatre of World War II. For the overall military theater in Asia and the Pacific, see Pacific War. For other uses, see Pacific Theater (disambiguation)
Japanese naval aircraft prepare to take off from an aircraft carrier.
The Western Allies' command structure in the Pacific.
[show]
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U.S. 5th Marines evacuate injured personnel during actions on Guadalcanal on November 1, 1942.
USS Bunker Hill hit by two Kamikazes in thirty seconds on 11 May 1945 off Kyushu.
The Pacific Ocean theater, during World War II, was a major theater of the war between the Allies and Japan. It was defined by the Allied powers' Pacific Ocean Area command, which included most of the Pacific Ocean and its islands, while mainland Asia was excluded, as were the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, Borneo, Australia, most of the Territory of New Guinea and the western part of the Solomon Islands.
It officially came into existence on March 30, 1942, when US Admiral Chester Nimitz was appointed Supreme Allied Commander Pacific Ocean Areas.[1] In the other major theatre in the Pacific region, known as the South West Pacific theatre, Allied forces were commanded by US General Douglas MacArthur. Both Nimitz and MacArthur were overseen by the US Joint Chiefs and the Western Allies Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCoS).
Most Japanese forces in the theater were part of the Combined Fleet (聯合艦隊, Rengō Kantai) of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which was responsible for all Japanese warships, naval aircraft, and marine infantry units. The Rengō Kantai was led by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, until he was killed in an attack by U.S. fighter planes in April 1943.[2] Yamamoto was succeeded by Admiral Mineichi Koga (1943–44)[2] and Admiral Soemu Toyoda (1944–45).[3] The General Staff (参謀本部, Sanbō Honbu) of the Imperial Japanese Army was responsible for Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) ground and air units in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. The IJN and IJA did not formally use joint/combined staff at the operational level, and their command structures/geographical areas of operations overlapped each other and those of the Allies.
In the Pacific Ocean theater, Japanese forces fought primarily against the United States Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps and the U.S. Army. The United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and other Allied nations also contributed forces.
Major campaigns and battles[edit]
Central Pacific Theater
Attack on Pearl Harbor 7 December 1941[4]
Battle of Wake Island 7–23 December 1941[5]
Doolittle Raid 18 April 1942[4]
Battle of the Coral Sea 4–8 May 1942
Battle of Midway 4–7 June 1942[4]
Guadalcanal Campaign 7 August 1942 to 9 February 1943
Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 1943–44
Makin Island raid 17–18 August 1942[6]
Battle of Tarawa 20 November 1943[4]
Battle of Makin 20–23 November 1943
Battle of Kwajalein 1 February 1944[7]
Battle of Eniwetok 17 February 1944[8]
Attack on Truk Island 17–18 February 1944
Mariana and Palau Islands campaign 1944
Battle of Saipan 15 June 1944[9]
Battle of the Philippine Sea 19–21 June 1944[10]
Battle of Guam 21 July 1944[11]
Battle of Tinian 24 July 1944[11]
Battle of Peleliu 15 September 1944[12]
Battle of Angaur 17 September 1944[12]
Battle of Leyte 20 October 1944[12]
Battle of Leyte Gulf 23 October 1944[12]
Battle of Iwo Jima 19 February 1945[4]
Battle of Okinawa 1 April 1945[4]
North Pacific Theater
Aleutian Islands Campaign 1942–43
Battle of the Komandorski Islands 26 March 1943[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cressman 2000, p.84
^ Jump up to: a b Potter & Nimitz (1960) p.717
Jump up ^ Potter & Nimitz (1960) pp.759–760
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Silverstone (1968) pp.9–11
Jump up ^ Potter & Nimitz (1960) pp.651–652
Jump up ^ Kafka & Pepperburg (1946) p.185
Jump up ^ Potter & Nimitz (1960) p.751
Jump up ^ Ofstie (1946) p.194
Jump up ^ Potter & Nimitz (1960) p.761
Jump up ^ Potter & Nimitz (1960) p.765
^ Jump up to: a b Potter & Nimitz (1960) p.770
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ofstie (1946) p.275
Bibliography[edit]
The following references are arranged in inverse chronology:
Toll, Ian (2012). Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942. W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-34341-3.
Miller, Edward S. (2007). War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-500-7.
Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
Drea, Edward J. (1998). In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1708-0.
Hakim, Joy (1995). A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.
Silverstone, Paul H. (1968). U.S. Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company.
Potter, E.B.; Chester W. Nimitz (1960). Sea Power. Prentice-Hall.
Kafka, Roger; Pepperburg, Roy L. (1946). Warships of the World. New York: Cornell Maritime Press.
Ofstie, Ralph A. (1946). The Campaigns of the Pacific War. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
[show]
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When the Sun Goes Down (Kenny Chesney album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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When the Sun Goes Down
Studio album by Kenny Chesney
Released
February 3, 2004
Recorded
2003-2004
Genre
Country
Length
45:13
Label
BNA
Producer
Buddy Cannon
Kenny Chesney
Kenny Chesney chronology
All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan
(2003)All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan2003 When the Sun Goes Down
(2004) Be as You Are (Songs from an Old Blue Chair)
(2005)Be as You Are (Songs from an Old Blue Chair)2005
Singles from When the Sun Goes Down
"There Goes My Life"
Released: October 20, 2003
"When the Sun Goes Down"
Released: February 2, 2004
"I Go Back"
Released: May 3, 2004
"The Woman with You"
Released: August 31, 2004
"Anything but Mine"
Released: January 3, 2005
"Keg in the Closet"
Released: May 9, 2005
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
Metacritic (67/100)[1]
Review scores
Source
Rating
About.com [2]
Allmusic [3]
BBC Music (positive)[4]
Billboard (positive)[5]
Blender [1]
Chicago Tribune (unfavorable)[6]
Entertainment Weekly C+[7]
Los Angeles Times [1][8]
Robert Christgau [9]
Rolling Stone [10]
When the Sun Goes Down is the seventh studio album by country music singer Kenny Chesney, released on February 3, 2004. It debuted at #1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, after selling over 550,000 copies during its first week.[11]
The album includes the singles "There Goes My Life", "When the Sun Goes Down" (originally recorded by Jimmy Buffett), "I Go Back", "The Woman with You", "Anything but Mine", and "Keg in the Closet", which were all released between 2003 and 2005. Respectively, they peaked at number 1, number 1, number 2, number 2, number 1, and number 6 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. The title track, a duet with Uncle Kracker, is also Uncle Kracker's first country chart entry.
Also included on this album is the song "Some People Change", which was later recorded by Montgomery Gentry as the title track to their 2006 album Some People Change. Montgomery Gentry's version was released as a single and became a Top 10 hit for them that year.
Contents
1 Track listing
2 Personnel
3 Chart performance
3.1 Album
3.2 Singles
4 Certifications
5 References
6 External links
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "There Goes My Life" Neil Thrasher, Wendell Mobley 5:02
2. "I Go Back" Kenny Chesney 4:03
3. "When the Sun Goes Down" (duet with Uncle Kracker) Brett James 4:50
4. "The Woman with You" Craig Wiseman, David Frasier 4:31
5. "Some People Change" Thrasher, Jason Sellers, Michael Dulaney 3:27
6. "Anything But Mine" Scooter Carusoe 5:25
7. "Keg in the Closet" Chesney, James 3:32
8. "When I Think About Leaving" Tim Johnson, Rory Lee Feek, Paul Overstreet 4:39
9. "Being Drunk's a Lot Like Loving You" Skip Ewing, Chesney 3:33
10. "Outta Here" Ewing, Chesney 2:47
11. "Old Blue Chair" Chesney 3:24
Total length: 45:13
showLimited Edition tracks
No.
Title
Length
12. "Live Those Songs" (live) 4:09
13. "What I Need to Do" (live) 4:41
14. "Please Come to Boston" (live) 4:00
showTarget Edition bonus tracks
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
15. "Marina del Rey" Dean Dillon, Frank Dycus
16. "Come Monday" Jimmy Buffett
17. "I Wonder Do You Think of Me" Sanger D. Shafer
18. "I'm On Fire" Bruce Springsteen
19. "I Always Get Lucky with You" Merle Haggard, Freddy Powers, Gary Church, Tex Whitson
Personnel[edit]
As listed in liner notes.[12]
Eddie Bayers - drums
Wyatt Beard - background vocals
Mat Britain - steel drums, percussion
Pat Buchanan - electric guitar, harmonica
Melonie Cannon - background vocals
Kenny Chesney - lead vocals
J. T. Corenflos - electric guitar
Chad Cromwell - drums
Dan Dugmore - steel guitar
Sonny Garrish - steel guitar
Rob Hajacos - fiddle
Tim Hensley - banjo, background vocals
Wes Hightower - background vocals
John Hobbs - piano, Hammond B-3 organ
Dann Huff - electric guitar
John Jorgenson - electric guitar
Paul Leim - drums, percussion, finger snaps, tambourine
B. James Lowry - acoustic guitar, nylon string guitar, bottleneck guitar
Randy McCormick - piano, Hammond B-3 organ, keyboards, synthesizer
Clayton Mitchell - electric guitar
Steve Nathan - Wurlitzer electric piano, Hammond B-3 organ
Sean Paddock - percussion
Larry Paxton - bass guitar
Gary Prim - piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, synthesizer
Tom Roady - steel drums, percussion
Scotty Sanders - steel guitar
Neil Thrasher - background vocals
Uncle Kracker - duet vocals on "When the Sun Goes Down"
John Willis - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, nylon string guitar
Chart performance[edit]
Album[edit]
Chart (2004)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums 1
U.S. Billboard 200 1
Singles[edit]
Year
Single
Peak chart
positions
Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
US
2003 "There Goes My Life" 1 29 * US: Gold[13]
2004 "When the Sun Goes Down"
(featuring Uncle Kracker) 1 26 * US: Platinum[14]
"I Go Back" 2 32 * US: Gold[15]
"The Woman with You" 2 33
2005 "Anything but Mine" 1 48 * US: Gold[16]
"Keg in the Closet" 6 64
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
United States (RIAA)[17]
4× Platinum
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Critic Reviews for When The Sun Goes Down". Metacritic. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Fabian, Shelly. "Kenny Chesney - 'When the Sun Goes Down'". About.com. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "When the Sun Goes Down - Kenny Chesney". Allmusic.
Jump up ^ Keogh, Sue (2004-02-12). "Review of Kenny Chesney - When the Sun Goes Down". BBC Music. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Chesney: When the Sun Goes Down". Billboard. January 31, 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-05-05. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Howard (2004-02-20). "Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Havighurst, Craig (2004-02-06). "When the Sun Goes Down Review". Entertainment Weekly: 140. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Randy (2004-04-30). "Cd Reviews (Kenny Chesney: When the Sun Goes Down (BNA)". Los Angeles Times (Sun-Sentinel). Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Christgau, Robert. "CG: Kenny Chesney". RobertChristgau.com. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Jim (2004-05-04). "When The Sun Goes Down". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
Jump up ^ Todd Martens, "Chesney's 'Sun' Rises To Top The Billboard 200", Billboard.com, February 11, 2004.
Jump up ^ When the Sun Goes Down (Media notes). Kenny Chesney. BNA Records. 2004. BNA82876-56609-2.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Kenny Chesney – There Goes My Life". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Kenny Chesney – When the Sun Goes Down". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Kenny Chesney – I Go Back". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Kenny Chesney – Anything but Mine". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – Kenny Chesney – When the Sun Goes Down". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
When the Sun Goes Down at Metacritic
show
v
t
e
Kenny Chesney
Discography
Studio albums
In My Wildest Dreams
All I Need to Know
Me and You
I Will Stand
Everywhere We Go
No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems
All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan
When the Sun Goes Down
Be as You Are (Songs from an Old Blue Chair)
The Road and the Radio
Just Who I Am: Poets & Pirates
Lucky Old Sun
Hemingway's Whiskey
Welcome to the Fishbowl
Life on a Rock
The Big Revival
Cosmic Hallelujah
Songs for the Saints
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Super Hits
Greatest Hits II
Live albums
Live: Live Those Songs Again
Live in No Shoes Nation
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=When_the_Sun_Goes_Down_(Kenny_Chesney_album)&oldid=854473730"
Categories:
2004 albums
Kenny Chesney albums
BNA Records albums
Albums produced by Buddy Cannon
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