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List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1)
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Sailor Moon
The anime series logo, which translates to Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon
Country of origin
Japan
No. of episodes
46
Release
Original network
TV Asahi
Original release
March 7, 1992 (1992-03-07) – February 27, 1993 (1993-02-27)
Season chronology
Next →
Sailor Moon R
List of Sailor Moon episodes
Sailor Moon, known in Japan as Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon[1][2] (Japanese: 美少女戦士セーラームーン, Hepburn: Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn), is the first season of a 1992 anime television series produced by Toei Animation and directed by Junichi Sato based on the manga of the same title by Naoko Takeuchi. It was broadcast from March 7, 1992 to February 27, 1993 on TV Asahi. This season adapts the first arc of the series, the "Dark Kingdom" arc.[3] A second season, Sailor Moon R, began airing on March 6, 1993.
It follows the adventures of Usagi Tsukino and her friends. After the magical cat Luna reveals Usagi's true identity as the titular character, Usagi fights to protect the Earth from the Dark Kingdom, who previously destroyed the ancient Moon Kingdom.
In the 1993 favorite episode listings for Animage, "Loved and Chased! Luna's Worst Day Ever" came in first place, with "Naru's Cry! Nephrite Dies for Love" coming in third place, "The Sparkling Silver Crystal! The Moon Princess Appears" coming in sixth place, "Memories Return! Usagi and Mamoru's Past" coming in ninth place and "Love for Ami?! A Boy Who Can Predict the Future" coming in eleventh place.[4] The following year, the two-part series finale "The Sailor Warriors Die! The Tragic Final Battle" and "Usagi's Everlasting Wish! A New Reincarnation" took first and second place respectively.[5] Eight DVD compilations were released in Japan between May 21 and July 21, 2002,[6][7] and the series was later released in a remastered edition in two box-sets from December 11, 2009 to January 21, 2010.[8][9]
In the English language adaptation of the series by former licensee DIC Entertainment (now DHX Media), the season was cut down to 40 episodes and also added an ending segment, "Sailor Says," to teach a moral based on the story that had just been shown.[10][11][12] The episodes were first broadcast on YTV in Canada from August 28 to October 24, 1995, and later had its first-run syndication in the United States from September 11 to November 3, 1995. The first season was later released by ADV Films in a subtitle-only DVD box set in 2003. Eventually, on May 16, 2014, the season was re-licensed for an updated English-language release by Viz Media and they released the season in two uncut DVD and Blu-ray compilations on November 11, 2014 and February 10, 2015 for parts one and two respectively. Hulu began streaming the series in the United States on May 19, 2014, with Tubi TV following suit in Canada on July 15, 2016.
The score was composed by Takanori Arisawa. Three pieces of theme music are used for the episodes; one opening theme and two closing themes. The opening theme for the whole season is "Moonlight Densetsu" (ムーンライト伝説, Mūnraito Densetsu, lit. "Moonlight Legend") performed by the idol group DALI.[13] "Heart Moving", performed by Misae Takamatsu of Sakura Sakura, is used as the ending theme for the first 26 episodes,[13] and "Princess Moon", performed by Ushio Hashimoto, is used for the remainder of the season.[14] DIC Entertainment (DHX Media) made an English-language version of the Japanese opening theme for its adaptation.[15]
Contents
1 Episode list (1992–1993)
2 Releases
2.1 Japanese
2.1.1 VHS
2.1.2 DVD
2.2 Blu-ray
2.3 English
2.3.1 VHS
2.3.1.1 United States
2.3.1.2 United Kingdom
2.3.2 DVD
2.3.2.1 United States
2.3.2.2 United Kingdom
2.3.3 Blu-ray + DVD combo
2.3.3.1 North America
3 References
Episode list (1992–1993)[edit]
No.
DiC Entertainment dub title[16]
Original Japanese[17] and Viz Media[18] titles
Episode director(s)
Writer(s)
Art director(s)
Animation director(s)
Original airdate[17]
English airdate
Orig./Viz
DiC
1
1 "A Moon Star Is Born"
"Crybaby Usagi's Beautiful Transformation"
"Nakimushi Usagi no karei naru henshin" (泣き虫うさぎの華麗なる変身) Junichi Sato Sukehiro Tomita Yoshiyuki Shikano Hiromi Matsushita March 7, 1992 September 11, 1995
As the series begins as a slapstick comedy, a 14-year-old underachieving sailor-suited schoolgirl Usagi Tsukino saves a cat from being attacked by a group of little boys while on her way to school. After school, she and her friend Naru Osaka visit a local jewelry store owned by her mother. On her way home, Usagi encounters Mamoru Chiba and meets up with Motoki Furuhata. Upon returning to her home, Naru's mother reveals herself to be the youma Morga and captures her. The cat Usagi encountered earlier reveals herself as Luna and tells Usagi to search for the princess and destroy evil. Usagi transforms into Sailor Moon and, after hearing Naru in distress, confronts Morga, who intends to steal human energy by using the cursed jewelry on the girls. The youma tricks the brainwashed girls into attacking Usagi but a stranger wearing a tuxedo intervenes. Usagi weakens Morga with her screams, allowing her to use the Moon Tiara Action technique on Morga, killing her and restoring the girls to normal. Before departing, the stranger reveals himself to be Tuxedo Mask.
2
— "Punishment Awaits: the House of Fortune Is the Monster Mansion"
"Oshioki yo! Uranai house wa yōma no yakata" (おしおきよ!占いハウスは妖魔の館) Takao Yoshizawa Shigeru Yanagikawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Katsuji Matsumoto March 14, 1992 —
Having failed his previous mission, Jadeite informs Queen Beryl, the leader of the Dark Kingdom, that he is using another plan, this time involving fortune telling. Meanwhile, Usagi's classmate Umino Gurio is smitten with her. After confessing that he wants to go on a date, Naru has him consult a fortune teller but he decides to go to the House of Fortune. Luna tells Usagi to go to a fortune teller, in an attempt to check that Motoki is an admirer of her but decides to go to the House of Fortune. However, Umino and some of the other students are hypnotized by the tarot cards and cause trouble at school the next day. Realizing that the students were being hypnotized from the House of Fortune, Luna and Usagi infiltrate the house and encounter Balm, a youma disguised as the fortune teller. Balm orders her hypnotized subjects to attack Usagi, but Tuxedo Mask distracts her and, with his encouragement, Usagi kills Balm, returning the customers to normal.
3
2 "Talk Radio"
"The Mysterious Sleeping Sickness: Protect the Girls in Love"
"Nazo no nemuribyō, mamore otome no koisuru kokoro" (謎のねむり病, 守れ乙女の恋する心) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Katsuyuki Sumisawa Minoru Ōkōchi Kunihiko Natsume March 21, 1992 September 12, 1995
Homeroom teacher Haruna Sakurada and Naru submit love-letters to a late-night radio show. When they fall into a coma-like sleep, Usagi must investigate the radio station undercover.
4
3 "Slim City"
"Learn How to Be Skinny from Usagi"
"Usagi ga oshiemasu! Surimu ni naruhō" (うさぎが教えます!スリムになる法) Harume Kosaka Sukehiro Tomita Yoshiyuki Shikano Kiyoshi Matsumoto March 28, 1992 September 13, 1995
Usagi gains a couple of pounds and starts to obsess about her weight. Jadeite starts a health club to drain energy out of people. Usagi and her friends sign up after seeing how much weight Ms. Haruna has lost. Usagi discovers tanks in the basement which are sucking the life energy out of her friends.
5
— "Scent of a Monster: Chanela Will Steal Your Love"
"Yōma no kaori! Shanēra wa ai wo nusume" (妖魔の香り!シャネーラは愛を盗む) Yūji Endō Shigeru Yanagikawa Kenichi Tajiri Ikuko Itō April 11, 1992 —
Usagi wants her family to accept Luna as a "pet", but Shingo is afraid of cats. At a pet shop, he discovers a hypnotic creature called a Chanela and loses all interest in anything else.
6
— "Protect the Melody of Love: Usagi Plays Cupid"
"Mamore koi no merodi! Usagi wa Kyūpiddo" (守れ恋の曲!うさぎはキューピッド) Kunihiko Ikuhara Katsuyuki Sumisawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Kazuko Tadano April 18, 1992 —
Jadeite creates a cassette tape that can drain life energy, but the youma he gives it to promptly loses it. It ends up in the possession of a jazz pianist, and Usagi must disguise herself as an adult to protect him.
7
4 "So You Want to Be a Superstar"
"Usagi Learns Her Lesson: Becoming a Star Is Hard Work"
"Usagi hansei! Sutā no michi wa kibishii" (うさぎ反省!スターの道はきびしい) Junichi Sato Shigeru Yanagikawa Minoru Ōkōchi Katsuji Matsumoto April 25, 1992 September 14, 1995
By making a youma possess a human celebrity, Jadeite draws a huge crowd of would-be superstars. Usagi tries to juggle her duties as Sailor Moon with her desire to be popular and famous.
8
5 "Computer School Blues"
"The Girl Genius Is a Monster: The Brainwashing Cram School of Horror"
"Tensai shōjo wa yōma na no? Kyōfu no sennōjuku" (天才少女は妖魔なの?恐怖の洗脳塾) Junichi Sato Sukehiro Tomita Kenichi Tajiri Kunihiko Natsume May 2, 1992 September 15, 1995
Luna senses a strange aura around Usagi's genius classmate, Ami Mizuno, and thinks she might be a Dark Kingdom spy. Usagi befriends the girl and is not so sure. But she understands later that Ami Mizuno is a Guardian as Sailor Moon and their duties are the same.
9
6 "Time Bomb"
"Usagi's Disaster: Beware of the Clock of Confusion"
"Usagi no sainan! Awate tokei ni goyōjin" (うさぎの災難!あわて時計にご用心) Harume Kosaka Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kazuyuki Hashimoto Akira Nakamura May 9, 1992 September 18, 1995
Jadeite's new plan is to make humans work harder to increase their energy output. Usagi's mom buys a new clock for her that drains her energy; Ami, now awakened as Sailor Mercury, helps Luna investigate.
10
7 "An Uncharmed Life"
"The Cursed Bus: Enter Mars, the Guardian of Fire"
"Norowareta basu! Honō no senshi Māzu tōjō" (呪われたバス!炎の戦士マーズ登場) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Sukehiro Tomita Yoshiyuki Shikano Kiyoshi Matsumoto May 16, 1992 September 19, 1995
Loaded buses are disappearing near Hikawa Shrine, and most of Usagi's peers suspect that Rei Hino, a mysterious shrine miko with strange psychic abilities, has something to do with it. Luna wonders if she might be the moon princess.
11
8 "Nightmare in Dreamland"
"Usagi vs. Rei: Nightmare in Dream Land"
"Usagi to Rei taiketsu? Yume rando no akumu" (うさぎとレイ対決?夢ランドの悪夢) Kunihiko Ikuhara Shigeru Yanagikawa Minoru Ōkōchi Masahiro Ando May 23, 1992 September 20, 1995
Queen Beryl is increasingly furious with Jadeite for his repeated failures; he starts up a theme park, but the general public notices the large number of disappearances. Usagi and Rei, who is now Sailor Mars, begin their combative friendship.
12
9 "Cruise Blues"
"I Want a Boyfriend: The Luxury Cruise Ship Is a Trap"
"Watashi datte kare ga hoshii! Gōkasen no wana" (私だって彼が欲しい!豪華船のワナ) Yūji Endō Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kenichi Tajiri Kazuko Tadano May 30, 1992 September 21, 1995
One of Queen Beryl's youma offers to help Jadeite with his wicked plans. Rei wins tickets on a luxury cruise ship and, since she has no boyfriend, asks Ami to accompany her. A jealous Usagi sneaks aboard after them.
13
10 "Fight to the Finish"
"Girls Unite: The End of Jadeite"
"Onna no ko wa danketsu yo! Jedaito no saigo" (女の子は団結よ!ジェダイトの最期) Harume Kosaka Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Akira Nakamura June 6, 1992 September 22, 1995
Usagi continues to be romantically infatuated with both Motoki Furuhata and Tuxedo Mask. Threatened with death should he fail again, Jadeite confronts the Sailor Guardians at an airport.
14
11 "Match Point for Sailor Moon"
"A New Enemy Appears: Nephrite's Evil Crest"
"Arata naru kyōteki, Nefuraito ma no monshō" (新たなる強敵, ネフライト魔の紋章) Junichi Sato Shigeru Yanagikawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Hisashi Kagawa June 13, 1992 September 25, 1995
Nephrite takes over as Beryl's main energy gatherer. He plans to gather more strength and power from individual humans at their strongest, rather than from groups, and starts by targeting Naru's childhood friend, a tennis player.
15
12 "An Unnatural Phenomena"
"Usagi's Panic: Rei's First Date"
"Usagi aseru! Rei-chan hatsu dēto" (うさぎアセる!レイちゃん初デート) Kunihiko Ikuhara Katsuyuki Sumisawa Minoru Ōkōchi Kiyoshi Matsumoto June 20, 1992 September 26, 1995
Usagi finally learns Mamoru's name, and, to her aggravation (and supposed jealousy), Rei decides to date him. Meanwhile, Nephrite targets the caretaker of a park, and Rei suggests a similarity between Mamoru and Tuxedo Mask.
16
13 "Wedding Day Blues"
"A Girl's Dream: Usagi Becomes a Bride"
"Junpaku doresu no yume! Usagi hanayome ni naru" (純白ドレスの夢!うさぎ花嫁になる) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Megumi Sugihara Kenichi Tajiri Masahiro Ando June 27, 1992 September 27, 1995
Usagi's home economics teacher is getting married, and she and Rei become obsessed with a contest for handmade wedding dresses. Nephrite implants a youma in some fabric purchased by the bride-to-be.
17
14 "Shutter Bugged"
"Usagi's a Model: The Flash of the Monster Camera"
"Moderu wa Usagi? Yōma kamera no nessha" (モデルはうさぎ?妖魔カメラの熱写) Yūji Endō Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Kazuko Tadano July 4, 1992 September 28, 1995
A student from Rei's school is an expert photographer. She and others try to become models to attract fame and fortune, but the boy and his camera are under the influence of the Dark Kingdom.
18
15 "Dangerous Dollies"
"Shingo's Love: The Grieving Doll"
"Shingo no junjō! Kanashimi no Furansu ningyō" (進悟の純情!哀しみのフランス人形) Harume Kosaka Shigeru Yanagikawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Ikuko Itō July 11, 1992 September 29, 1995
Zoisite suggests that Nephrite needs his help, but the later refuses, angering Queen Beryl. Shingo's friend is targeted for her ability to make beautiful dolls. Sailor Moon becomes an increasingly popular super-heroine.
19
16 "Who Is That Masked Man?"
"Usagi's Joy: A Love Letter from Tuxedo Mask"
"Usagi kangeki! Takishīdo Kamen no rabu retā" (うさぎ感激!タキシード仮面の恋文) Takao Yoshizawa Sukehiro Tomita Minoru Ōkōchi Akira Nakamura July 25, 1992 October 2, 1995
Nephrite takes advantage of Sailor Moon's romantic attraction to Tuxedo Mask by sending love letters to Usagi and her classmates. Naru falls in love with him in his civilian disguise, allowing him to drain a large amount of her life-force energy.
20
— "The Summer, the Beach, Youth and Ghosts"
"Natsu yo Umi yo Seishun yo! Omake ni yūrei mo yo!" (夏よ海よ青春よ!おまけに幽霊もよ!) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Megumi Sugihara Kenichi Tajiri Hisashi Kagawa August 1, 1992 —
Usagi and her friends go to the beach, where they stay in a hotel run by people who look like film monsters. There, they encounter a ghostly presence and a little girl with psychic powers.
21
17 "An Animated Mess"
"Protect the Children's Dreams: Friendship Through Anime"
"Kodomotachi no yume mamore! Anime ni musubu yūjō" (子供達の夢守れ!アニメに結ぶ友情) Kunihiko Ikuhara Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kazuyuki Hashimoto Hiromi Matsushita
Kazuko Tadano August 8, 1992 October 3, 1995
Nephrite targets one of the animators of an upcoming Sailor V film, who is driven by jealousy of her best friend. The Guardians investigate, but Usagi and Rei are distracted by the excitement of the anime studio.
22
18 "Worth a Princess's Ransom"
"Romance Under the Moon: Usagi's First Kiss"
"Gekka no romansu! Usagi no hatsu kissu" (月下のロマンス!うさぎの初キッス) Yūji Endō Sukehiro Tomita Yoshiyuki Shikano Kiyoshi Matsumoto August 15, 1992 October 4, 1995
Luna and Beryl wonder if a visiting princess could be the one the Guardians have been looking for. Mamoru dreams he is Tuxedo Mask and a girl is asking him for the Silver Crystal. At the ball, Usagi accidentally drinks wine and experiences her first kiss by Tuxedo Mask.
23
19 "Molly's Folly"
"Wish Upon a Star: Naru's First Love"
"Nagareboshi ni negai wo! Naru-chan no jun'ai" (流れ星に願いを!なるちゃんの純愛) Harume Kosaka Shigeru Yanagikawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Masahiro Ando August 22, 1992 October 5, 1995
Nephrite creates a crystal that will guide him to the Silver Crystal. Usagi tries to tell Naru the man she loves is Nephrite in disguise, but doesn't believe her, saying Usagi's jealous. He convinces her to steal a crystal from her mother and bring it to him.
24
20 "A Friend in Wolf's Clothing"
"Naru's Tears: Nephrite Dies for Love"
"Naru-chan gōkyū! Nefuraito ai no shi" (なるちゃん号泣!ネフライト愛の死) Junichi Sato
Takuya Igarashi Sukehiro Tomita Minoru Ōkōchi Ikuko Itō August 29, 1992 October 6, 1995
Nephrite continues to investigate Naru, not understanding that his crystal is sensing her love for him. Zoisite, thinking he must be in love with the girl, kidnaps her in order to trap him.
25
21 "Jupiter Comes Thundering In"
"Jupiter, the Powerful Girl in Love"
"Koisuru kairiki shōjo, Jupitā-chan" (恋する怪力少女, ジュピターちゃん) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Shigeru Yanagikawa Kenichi Tajiri Hisashi Kagawa September 5, 1992 October 9, 1995
Queen Beryl partially awakens the evil entity Queen Metalia and sends Zoisite and Kunzite to find the Seven Great Youma and their Rainbow Crystals. Meanwhile, the tomboyish Makoto Kino transfers into Usagi's school and quickly falls for a crane-game whiz at the arcade.
26
22 "The Power of Friendship"
"Restore Naru's Smile: Usagi's Friendship"
"Naru-chan ni egao wo! Usagi no yūjō" (なるちゃんに笑顔を!うさぎの友情) Kunihiko Ikuhara Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Akira Nakamura September 12, 1992 October 10, 1995
Naru is still very depressed about Nephrite, so Usagi and Umino take her to Yokohama to have fun. There, a kindly priest is attacked by Zoisite. Mamoru realizes that he is Tuxedo Mask, and drops a locket on the ground, where Usagi finds it.
27
23 "Mercury's Mental Match"
"Crushing on Ami: The Boy Who Can See The Future"
"Ami-chan e no koi!? Mirai yochi no shōnen" (亜美ちゃんへの恋!?未来予知の少年) Takao Yoshizawa Katsuyuki Sumisawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Masahiro Ando October 10, 1992 October 11, 1995
Ami is bested in a school test by Urawa, who can foresee the future and who has a crush on her. He also already knows that he is one of the Rainbow Crystal holders.
28
24 "An Artful Attack"
"The Painting of Love: Usagi and Mamoru Get Closer"
"Koi no irasuto, Usagi to Mamoru ga sekkin?" (恋のイラスト, うさぎと衛が接近?) Yūji Endō Megumi Sugihara Minoru Ōkōchi Kazuko Tadano October 17, 1992 October 12, 1995
An artist asks a reluctant Usagi and Mamoru to model for one of her romantic love paintings. They encourage her to be less of a recluse. In battle, Sailor Moon learns that the locket she found belonged to Tuxedo Mask.
29
25 "Too Many Girlfriends"
"Total Chaos: The Messy Love Rectangle"
"Daikonsen! Guchagucha koi no shikaku kankei" (大混線!グチャグチャ恋の四角関係) Harume Kosaka Shigeru Yanagikawa Kenichi Tajiri Kiyoshi Matsumoto October 24, 1992 October 13, 1995
Makoto, like Usagi, develops a huge romantic crush on Motoki. The two decide to pursue him simultaneously, even after finding out that he has a girlfriend, who, meanwhile, is targeted by Zoisite and Kunzite.
30
26 "Grandpa's Follies"
"Grandpa Loses Control: Rei in Danger"
"Ojī-chan ranshin, Rei-chan no kiki" (お爺ちゃん乱心, レイちゃんの危機) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Akira Nakamura October 31, 1992 October 16, 1995
Zoisite aggravates the Rainbow Crystal inside Rei's grandfather, who becomes hyperactive and unstable. A young man, Yūichirō Kumada, wanders into the shrine, falls in love with Rei, and asks to work there.
31
27 "Kitty Chaos"
"Love and Chased: Luna's Worst Day Ever"
"Koisarete owarete! Runa no saiaku no hi" (恋されて追われて!ルナの最悪の日) Kunihiko Ikuhara Katsuyuki Sumisawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Ikuko Itō November 7, 1992 October 17, 1995
Luna becomes the object of a very fat ordinary cat's attentions. Both Zoisite and the Sailor Guardians detect traces of the last Rainbow Crystal around the home of this cat's owner and go to investigate.
32
28 "Tuxedo Melvin"
"Umino's Resolve: I'll Protect Naru"
"Umino no kesshin! Naru-chan wa boku ga mamoru" (海野の決心!なるちゃんは僕が守る) Takao Yoshizawa Shigeru Yanagikawa Minoru Ōkōchi Hisashi Kagawa November 14, 1992 October 18, 1995
Luna reveals that she is from the moon, and so is the princess the guardians are looking for. Umino, having been told that Tuxedo Mask is attractive, adopts a similar persona in order to protect, and thereby woo, Naru.
33
29 "Sailor V Makes the Scene"
"Enter Venus, the Last Sailor Guardian"
"Saigo no Sērā Senshi, Vīnasu tōjō" (最後のセーラー戦士, ヴィーナス登場) Yūji Endō Megumi Sugihara Kenichi Tajiri Masahiro Ando November 21, 1992 October 19, 1995
Zoisite disguises himself as Sailor Moon in order to lure Tuxedo Mask and the guardians out into the open, where they are attacked by Kunzite. The Dark Kingdom injures Tuxedo Mask's identity, but they are foiled by the appearance of Sailor Venus.
34
30 "A Crystal Clear Destiny"
"The Shining Silver Crystal: The Moon Princess Appears"
"Hikari kagayaku ginzuishō! Tsuki no purinsesu tōjō" (光輝く銀水晶!月のプリンセス登場) Harume Kosaka Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kazuyuki Hashimoto Kazuko Tadano November 28, 1992 October 20, 1995
The new guardian, Sailor Venus, is also schoolgirl Minako Aino. Forbidden by Queen Beryl to kill Tuxedo Mask, Zoisite challenges him to duel for the Rainbow Crystals. Usagi follows him, and they are forced to reveal their identities to each other.
35
31 "A Reluctant Princess"
"Returning Memories: Usagi and Mamoru's Past"
"Yomigaeru kioku! Usagi to Mamoru no kako" (よみがえる記憶!うさぎと衛の過去) Takuya Igarashi Katsuyuki Sumisawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Akira Nakamura December 5, 1992 October 23, 1995
Usagi and Mamoru remember their former lives as Princess Serenity and Prince Endymion. The Dark Kingdom kidnaps the injured Mamoru, but Beryl executes Zoisite for his attempt to kill him. Luna and Artemis tell the Guardians about their tragic past.
36
32 "Bad Hair Day"
"Usagi's Confusion: Is Tuxedo Mask Evil?"
"Usagi konran! Takishīdo Kamen wa aku?" (うさぎ混乱!タキシード仮面は悪?) Kunihiko Ikuhara Sukehiro Tomita Minoru Ōkōchi Kiyoshi Matsumoto December 12, 1992 October 24, 1995
Minako takes a depressed Usagi to the hairdresser to cheer her up. There they are attacked by a youma who is convinced that Minako is Sailor Moon. Tuxedo Mask appears, alive and whole, but addresses himself as Endymion, seems to be fighting for the other side.
37
33 "Little Miss Manners"
"Let's Become a Princess: Usagi's Bizarre Training"
"Mezase purinsesu? Usagi no chintokkun" (めざせプリンセス?うさぎの珍特訓) Hiromichi Matano Shigeru Yanagikawa Kenichi Tajiri Ikuko Itō December 19, 1992 October 25, 1995
Usagi daydreams of her past and enrolls in a special seminar to become more like a princess. Kunzite and the evil Endymion argue about which is more important: obtaining the Silver Crystal or killing Sailor Moon.
38
34 "Ski Bunny Blues"
"The Snow, the Mountains, Friendship and Monsters"
"Yuki yo Yama yo Yūjō yo! Yappari yōma mo yo!" (雪よ山よ友情よ!やっぱり妖魔もよ) Takao Yoshizawa Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kazuyuki Hashimoto Hisashi Kagawa December 26, 1992 October 26, 1995
Yūichirō takes the girls to a ski resort, where they enter a "Moon Princess" contest. Rei and Usagi, targeted by a youma, take the opportunity to reaffirm their friendship. Tuxedo Mask continues to fight against them.
39
35 "Ice Princess"
"Paired with a Monster: Mako, the Ice Skating Queen"
"Yōma to pea!? Hyōjō no joō Mako-chan" (妖魔とペア!?氷上の女王まこちゃん) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Megumi Sugihara Yoshiyuki Shikano Kazuko Tadano January 9, 1993 October 27, 1995
Discovering that the Moon Princess was once known for her graceful ice skating, Kunzite tries to use this information to trap Sailor Moon. The best skater among the girls, however, turns out to be Makoto. Tuxedo Mask appears to help them, but only works against Kunzite because he doesn't want to involve bystanders.
40
36 "Last Resort"
"The Legendary Lake Yokai: The Bond of Usagi's Family"
"Mizuumi no densetsu yōkai! Usagi kazoku no kizuna" (湖の伝説妖怪!うさぎ家族のきずな) Harume Kosaka Megumi Sugihara Minoru Ōkōchi Masahiro Ando January 16, 1993 October 30, 1995
Usagi and her family go on vacation at a hot springs, where legend holds that a terrible monster was once defeated. Endymion revives the monster, but regrets his action upon discovering that it is not a youma.
41
37 "Tuxedo Unmasked"
"I Won't Run Away from Love Anymore: Ami vs. Mamoru"
"Mō koi kara nigenai! Ami to Mamoru taiketsu" (もう恋から逃げない!亜美と衛対決) Yūji Endō Katsuyuki Sumisawa Kenichi Tajiri Akira Nakamura January 23, 1993 October 31, 1995
Queen Beryl orders the seven people gathered who had carried Rainbow Crystals, intending to combine them into one huge youma. Ami is determined to protect Urawa. Sailor Moon tries to heal Endymion.
42
— "Sailor Venus' Past: Minako's Tragic Love"
"Sērā Vīnasu no kako, Minako no higeki" (Sヴィーナスの過去, 美奈子の悲劇) Takuya Igarashi Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Kiyoshi Matsumoto January 30, 1993 —
The Guardians look for an entrance to the Dark Kingdom, where Metalia will soon be awakened. Kunzite decides to try to get at Sailor V and attacks a woman Minako had been good friends with in England.
43
38 "Fractious Friends"
"Usagi Abandoned: The Falling-Out of the Sailor Guardians"
"Usagi ga koritsu? Sērā Senshi-tachi no ōgenka" (うさぎが孤立?S戦士達の大ゲンカ) Kazuhisa Takenouchi Shigeru Yanagikawa Yoshiyuki Shikano Katsumi Tamegai February 6, 1993 November 1, 1995
The Sailor Guardians stage a breakup, trying to make it look as though Sailor Moon has defected so that she can infiltrate the Dark Kingdom and save Endymion. She and Sailor Mars find it a little too easy to fight.
44
39 "The Past Returns"
"Usagi's Awakening: A Message from the Distant Past"
"Usagi no kakusei! Chōkako no messēji" (うさぎの覚醒!超過去のメッセージ) Takao Yoshizawa Sukehiro Tomita Minoru Ōkōchi Hisashi Kagawa February 13, 1993 November 2, 1995
A blast of energy sends the Guardians to the ruined Moon Kingdom, where they meet a hologram of Queen Serenity and learn about their past. Luna and Artemis find the entrance to the Dark Kingdom. Kunzite attacks, but is finally defeated by Sailor Moon.
45
— "Death of the Sailor Guardians: The Tragic Final Battle"
"Sērā Senshi shisu! Hisō naru saishūsen" (セーラー戦士死す!悲壮なる最終戦) Kōnosuke Uda Shigeru Yanagikawa Kenichi Tajiri Ikuko Itō February 20, 1993 —
The Sailor Guardians travel to D Point to fight Queen Beryl, where they face her toughest youma yet, the DD Girls and the Inner Guardians are killed protecting Sailor Moon.
46
— "Usagi's Eternal Wish: A Brand New Life"
"Usagi no omoi wa towa ni! Atarashiki tensei" (うさぎの想いは永遠に!新しき転生) Kunihiko Ikuhara Sukehiro Tomita Kazuyuki Hashimoto Kazuko Tadano February 27, 1993 —
With her friends dead, Sailor Moon is transported inside the Dark Kingdom to face Queen Beryl and the brainwashed Prince Endymion.
—
40 "Day of Destiny" — — — — — November 4, 1995
Sailor Moon and the Sailor Scouts head to the North Pole to end the Negaverse. They are confronted by Queen Beryl’s Doom and Gloom Girls who capture all the Sailor Scouts leaving Sailor Moon all alone. Afterwords, Beryl summons Sailor Moon to her where Sailor Moon battles with Darien, who is under a strong brainwashing spell by Beryl. Unwilling to hurt Darien, Sailor Moon uses their locket and convinces him to touch it, which breaks the spell. Upset at losing Darien, Beryl attacks them only to be thwarted by Darien’s rose. Wounded by the rose, Beryl retreats and gets powered up by the Negaverse and turned into Super Beryl. Sailor Moon confronts Beryl and the two battle. Now as Princess Serena, she calls on the other Sailor Scouts to help her, who teleport to her side and together they defeat Beryl and the Negaverse. However, the power of Sailor Moon’s attack causes her and the other Sailor Scouts to no longer remember they are Sailor Scouts, their battle with Beryl, each other or their past lives and they are living their lives as normal girls.
Note: This episode is a combination of scenes from episodes 45 and 46. The deaths of the Sailor Guardians, Sailor Moon, Prince Endymion, the conversation with the spirits of the Sailor Guardians and Usagi’s wish to be a normal girl and the revival of all the Guardians and Endymion, are edited out shorting the two episodes enough to combine them into one.

Releases[edit]
Japanese[edit]
VHS[edit]
Toei Video (Japan, VHS)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
美少女戦士セーラームーン 1 1–4 December 18, 1992 [19]
2 5–8 March 25, 1993 [20]
3 9–12 July 25, 1993 [21]
4 13–16 August 25, 1993 [22]
5 17–20 November 25, 1993 [23]
6 21–24 December 17, 1993 [24]
7 25–28 January 25, 1994 [25]
8 29–32 February 25, 1994 [26]
9 33–36 March 21, 1994 [27]
10 37–40 April 21, 1994 [28]
11 41–44 May 21, 1994 [29]
12 45–46 June 21, 1994 [30]
DVD[edit]
Toei Video (Japan, Region 2 DVD)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
美少女戦士セーラームーン 1 1 – 6 May 21, 2002 [6]
2 7 – 12 May 21, 2002 [31]
3 13 – 18 May 21, 2002 [32]
4 19 – 24 June 21, 2002 [33]
5 25 – 30 June 21, 2002 [34]
6 31 – 36 June 21, 2002 [35]
7 37 – 41 July 21, 2002 [36]
8 42 – 46 July 21, 2002 [7]
美少女戦士セーラームーン DVD COLLECTION 1 1 – 24 December 11, 2009 [8]
2 25 – 46 January 21, 2010 [9]
Blu-ray[edit]
Toei Video (Japan, Region A)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
美少女戦士セーラームーン Blu-ray COLLECTION VOL.1 1–23 June 4, 2017 [37]
美少女戦士セーラームーン Blu-ray COLLECTION VOL.2 24–46 August 9, 2017 [38]
English[edit]
VHS[edit]
United States[edit]
Buena Vista Home Video
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Stock Number
Ref.
Sailor Moon: A Moon Star Is Born 1, 3 (1–2 edited) March 11, 1997 6145 [39]
Sailor Moon: Scouts Unite! 8, 10 (5, 7 edited) March 11, 1997 6146 [39]
Sailor Moon: Evil Eyes 12, 17 (9, 14 edited) March 18, 1997 6148 [39]
Sailor Moon: Jupiter and Venus Arrive! 25, 33 (21, 29 edited) April 30, 1997 10422 [39]
Sailor Moon: Secret Identities 34 – 36 (30–31 edited) April 30, 1997 10423 [39]
Sailor Moon: Good Queen, Bad Queen 44 - 46 (39–40 edited) April 30, 1997 10424 [39]
ADV Films
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Stock Number
Ref.
Volume 1: The Legend Begins 1, 3 – 4, 7 (1–4 edited) November 21, 2000 707303 [40]
Volume 2: The Power of Friendship 8 – 11 (5–8 edited) November 21, 2000 707743 [41]
Volume 3: Sailor Mars Joins the Battle 12 – 15 (9–12 edited) January 9, 2001 707313 [42]
Volume 4: Mysterious Tuxedo Mask 16 – 19 (13–16 edited) January 9, 2001 707753 [43]
Volume 5: Red Hearts & Silver Crystals 21 – 24 (17–20 edited) February 13, 2001 707343 [44]
Volume 6: Introducing Sailor Jupiter 25 – 28 (21–24 edited) February 13, 2001 707783 [45]
Volume 7: Green Eyed Monsters 29 – 32 (25–28 edited) May 1, 2001 707353 [46]
Volume 8: And in This Corner... Sailor Venus! 33 – 36 (29–32 edited) May 1, 2001 707793 [47]
Volume 9: Field Trips 37 – 40 (33–36 edited) July 3, 2001 707363 [48]
Volume 10: Trials And Troubles! 41, 43 – 46 (37–40 edited) July 3, 2001 707803 [49]
United Kingdom[edit]
MVM Films
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
Episodes 1 & 2 1, 3 (1–2 edited) November 12, 2001 [50]
Episodes 3 & 4 4, 7 (3–4 edited) November 12, 2001 [51]
Episodes 5 & 6 8 – 9 (5–6 edited) December 27, 2001 [52]
Episodes 7 & 8 10 – 11 (7–8 edited) April 22, 2002 [53]
Episodes 9 & 10 12 – 13 (9–10 edited) April 22, 2002 [54]
Episodes 11 & 12 14 – 15 (11–12 edited) March 10, 2003 [55]
Episodes 13–18 16 – 19, 21 – 22 (13–18 edited) April 21, 2003 [56]
Episodes 19–24 23 – 28 (19–24 edited) June 2, 2003 [57]
DVD[edit]
United States[edit]
ADV Films (Region 1)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
A Heroine Is Chosen 1, 3 – 4, 7 – 9 (1–6 edited) April 16, 2002 [58]
Sailor Scouts to the Rescue! 10 – 15 (7–12 edited) April 16, 2002 [59]
The Man in the Tuxedo Mask 16 – 19, 21 – 22 (13–18 edited) June 11, 2002 [60]
The Secret of the Sailor Scouts 23 – 28 (19–24 edited) June 11, 2002 [61]
Introducing Sailor Venus! 29 – 34 (25–30 edited) July 23, 2002 [62]
Adventure Girls! 35 – 40 (31–36 edited) July 23, 2002
Fight to the Finish! 41, 43 – 46 (37–42 edited) September 3, 2002 [63]
Season One, Complete and Uncut 1 – 46 July 15, 2003 [64]
Viz Media (Region 1)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
Season 1 Part 1 1 – 23 November 11, 2014 [65]
Season 1 Part 2 24 – 46 February 10, 2015 [66]
United Kingdom[edit]
MVM Films (Region 2)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
Episodes 1 – 6 1, 3 – 4, 7 – 9 (1–6 edited) February 24, 2003 [67]
Episodes 7 – 12 10 – 15 (7–12 edited) October 4, 2004 [68]
Episodes 13 – 18 16 – 19, 21 – 22 (13–18 edited) November 8, 2004 [69]
Episodes 19–24 23 – 28 (19–24 edited) October 4, 2004 [70]
Episodes 25–30 29 – 34 (25–30 edited) October 4, 2004 [71]
Episodes 31–36 35 – 40 (31–36 edited) October 4, 2004 [72]
Episodes 37–42 41, 43 – 46 (37–42 edited) October 4, 2004 [73]
Series 1 1, 3–4, 7–19, 21–41, 43–48 (1–42 edited) October 11, 2004 [74]
Blu-ray + DVD combo[edit]
North America[edit]
Viz Media (Region A)
Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.
Season 1 Part 1 1–23 November 11, 2014 [75]
Season 1 Part 2 24–46 February 10, 2015 [76]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b "美少女戦士セーラームーン Vol. 1" (in Japanese). Toei Video Online Shop. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
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^ Jump up to: a b "美少女戦士セーラームーン DVD‐COLLECTION Vol. 1" (in Japanese). Toei Video Online Shop. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
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Jump up ^ 美少女戦士セーラームーン 6 (in Japanese). Tower Records. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーン Vol. 5" (in Japanese). Toei Video Online Shop. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "美少女戦士セーラームーン Vol. 7" (in Japanese). Toei Video Online Shop. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Sailor Moon Dub: Merchandise > VHS > Buena Vista Home Video". Retrieved September 20, 2014.
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XOR gate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about XOR in the sense of an electronic logic gate (e.g. CMOS 4030). For XOR in the purely logical sense, see Exclusive disjunction. For other uses, see XOR (disambiguation).
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A XOR B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
The XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as Exclusive OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate implements an exclusive or; that is, a true output results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true. If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both are true, a false output results. XOR represents the inequality function, i.e., the output is true if the inputs are not alike otherwise the output is false. A way to remember XOR is "one or the other but not both".
XOR can also be viewed as addition modulo 2. As a result, XOR gates are used to implement binary addition in computers. A half adder consists of an XOR gate and an AND gate. Other uses include subtractors, comparators, and controlled inverters.[1]
The algebraic expressions A ⋅ B ¯ + A ¯ ⋅ B {\displaystyle A\cdot {\overline {B}}+{\overline {A}}\cdot B} and ( A + B ) ⋅ {\displaystyle (A+B)\cdot } ( A ¯ + B ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {A}}+{\overline {B}}} ) both represent the XOR gate with inputs A and B. The behavior of XOR is summarized in the truth table shown on the right.
CMOS XOR gate
Contents
1 Symbols
2 Pass-gate-logic wiring
3 Alternatives
4 More than two inputs
5 Applications
5.1 Uses in addition
5.2 Pseudo-random number generation
5.3 Correlation and sequence detection
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Symbols[edit]
There are two symbols for XOR gates: the traditional symbol and the IEEE symbol. For more information see Logic Gate Symbols.
Traditional XOR Symbol IEEE XOR Symbol
The logic symbols ⊕, Jpq, and ⊻ can be used to denote XOR in algebraic expressions.
C-like languages use the caret symbol ^ to denote bitwise XOR. (Note that the caret does not denote logical conjunction (AND) in these languages, despite the similarity of symbol.)
Pass-gate-logic wiring[edit]
An XOR gate can be constructed using MOSFETs. Here is a diagram of a pass transistor logic implementation of an XOR gate.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Transmission Gate Logic wiring of an XOR gate
Note: The "Rss" resistor prevents shunting current directly from "A" and "B" to the output. Without it, if the circuit that provides inputs A and B does not have the proper driving capability, the output might not swing rail to rail or be severely slew-rate limited. The "Rss" resistor also limits the current from Vdd to ground which protects the transistors and saves energy when the transistors are transitioning between states.
Alternatives[edit]
If a specific type of gate is not available, a circuit that implements the same function can be constructed from other available gates. A circuit implementing an XOR function can be trivially constructed from an XNOR gate followed by a NOT gate. If we consider the expression A ⋅ B ¯ + A ¯ ⋅ B {\displaystyle A\cdot {\overline {B}}+{\overline {A}}\cdot B} , we can construct an XOR gate circuit directly using AND, OR and NOT gates. However, this approach requires five gates of three different kinds.
XOR gate circuit using three mixed gates
As an alternative, if different gates are available we can apply Boolean algebra to transform A ⋅ B ¯ + A ¯ ⋅ B ≡ ( A + B ) ⋅ {\displaystyle A\cdot {\overline {B}}+{\overline {A}}\cdot B\equiv (A+B)\cdot } ( A ¯ + B ¯ ) {\displaystyle ({\overline {A}}+{\overline {B}})} as stated above, and apply de Morgan's Law to the last term to get ( A + B ) ⋅ {\displaystyle (A+B)\cdot } ( A ⋅ B ) ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {(A\cdot B)}}} which can be implemented using only three gates as shown on the right.
An XOR gate circuit can be made from four NAND gates. In fact, both NAND and NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" and any logical function can be constructed from either NAND logic or NOR logic alone. If the four NAND gates are replaced by NOR gates, this results in an XNOR gate, which can be converted to an XOR gate by inverting the output or one of the inputs (e.g. with a fifth NOR gate). An alternative arrangement is of five NOR gates in a topology that emphasizes the construction of the function from ( A + B ) ⋅ {\displaystyle (A+B)\cdot } ( A ¯ + B ¯ ) {\displaystyle ({\overline {A}}+{\overline {B}})} (noting from de Morgan's Law that a NOR gate is, in effect, an inverted-input AND gate). Two possible configurations constructed from NAND gates and two possible configurations constructed from NOR gates are shown below.
Desired gate
NAND construction
NOR construction
For the NAND constructions, the upper arrangement requires fewer gates. For the NOR constructions, the lower arrangement offers the advantage of a shorter propagation delay (the time delay between an input changing and the output changing).
More than two inputs[edit]
Strict reading of the definition of exclusive or, or observation of the IEC rectangular symbol, raises the question of correct behaviour with additional inputs. If a logic gate were to accept three or more inputs and produce a true output if exactly one of those inputs were true, then it would in effect be a one-hot detector (and indeed this is the case for only two inputs). However, it is rarely implemented this way in practice.
It is most common to regard subsequent inputs as being applied through a cascade of binary exclusive-or operations: the first two signals are fed into an XOR gate, then the output of that gate is fed into a second XOR gate together with the third signal, and so on for any remaining signals. The result is a circuit that outputs a 1 when the number of 1s at its inputs is odd, and a 0 when the number of incoming 1s is even. This makes it practically useful as a parity generator or a modulo-2 adder.
For example, the 74LVC1G386 microchip is advertised as a three-input logic gate, and implements a parity generator.[8]
Applications[edit]
Example half adder circuit diagram
Example full adder circuit diagram
Uses in addition[edit]
The XOR logic gate can be used as a one-bit adder that adds any two bits together to output one bit. For example, if we add 1 plus 1 in binary, we expect a two-bit answer, 10 (i.e. 2 in decimal). Since the trailing sum bit in this output is achieved with XOR, the preceding carry bit is calculated with an AND gate. This is the main principle in Half Adders. A slightly larger Full Adder circuit may be chained together in order to add longer binary numbers.
Pseudo-random number generation[edit]
Pseudo-random number (PRN) generators, specifically Linear feedback shift registers, are defined in terms of the exclusive-or operation. Hence, a suitable setup of XOR gates can model a linear feedback shift register, in order to generate random numbers.
Correlation and sequence detection[edit]
XOR gates produce a 0 when both inputs match. When searching for a specific bit pattern or PRN sequence in a very long data sequence, a series of XOR gates can be used to compare a string of bits from the data sequence against the target sequence in parallel. The number of 0 outputs can then be counted to determine how well the data sequence matches the target sequence. Correlators are used in many communications devices such as CDMA receivers and decoders for error correction and channel codes. In a CDMA receiver, correlators are used to extract the polarity of a specific PRN sequence out of a combined collection of PRN sequences.
A correlator looking for 11010 in the data sequence 1110100101 would compare the incoming data bits against the target sequence at every possible offset while counting the number of matches (zeros):
1110100101 (data)
11010      (target)
00111      (XOR) 2 zero bits

1110100101
 11010
 00000     5 zero bits

1110100101
  11010
  01110    2 zero bits

1110100101
   11010
   10011   2 zero bits

1110100101
    11010
    01000  4 zero bits

1110100101
     11010
     11111 0 zero bits

Matches by offset:

  .
  :     :
: : : : :
-----------
0 1 2 3 4 5

In this example, the best match occurs when the target sequence is offset by 1 bit and all five bits match. When offset by 5 bits, the sequence exactly matches its inverse. By looking at the difference between the number of ones and zeros that come out of the bank of XOR gates, it is easy to see where the sequence occurs and whether or not it is inverted. Longer sequences are easier to detect than short sequences.
See also[edit]
Exclusive or
AND gate
OR gate
Inverter (NOT gate)
NAND gate
NOR gate
XNOR gate
IMPLY gate
Boolean algebra
Logic gate
Wikimedia Commons has media related to XOR gates.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fletcher, William (1980). An engineering approach to digital design. Prentice-Hall. p. 98. ISBN 0-13-277699-5.
Jump up ^ "A comparative performance analysis of various CMOS design techniques for XOR and XNOR circuits: Fig. 7. High performance transmission gate XOR, XNOR circuits" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ "Designing combinational logic gates in CMOS". p. 233
Jump up ^ "Transmission Gate XOR".
Jump up ^ "transmission-gate XOR (tiny XOR)" (via [1])
Jump up ^ "Figure 3, Exclusive OR and XNOR gate".
Jump up ^ "Pass-Transistor Logic: Transmission Gate XOR" (p. 11)
Jump up ^ 74LVC1G386 data sheet
External links[edit]
Interactive XOR Gate, Demonstrate the logic flow of the XOR Gate circuit created with Teahlab's simulator.
hide
v
t
e
Logical connectives
Tautology/True ⊤ {\displaystyle \top }
Alternative denial (NAND gate) ↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow }
Converse implication ← {\displaystyle \leftarrow }
Implication (IMPLY gate) → {\displaystyle \rightarrow }
Disjunction (OR gate) ∨ {\displaystyle \lor }
Negation (NOT gate) ¬ {\displaystyle \neg }
Exclusive or (XOR gate) ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus }
Biconditional (XNOR gate) ↔ {\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
Statement
Joint denial (NOR gate) ↓ {\displaystyle \downarrow }
Nonimplication ↛ {\displaystyle \nrightarrow }
Converse nonimplication ↚ {\displaystyle \nleftarrow }
Conjunction (AND gate) ∧ {\displaystyle \land }
Contradiction/False ⊥ {\displaystyle \bot }
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text:
List of content management systems
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The factual accuracy of parts of this article (those related to article) may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2012)
This is a list of notable content management systems that are used to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them are built on top of separate content management frameworks.
Contents
[hide]
1 Open source software
1.1 Java
1.1.1 Java packages/bundle
1.2 Microsoft ASP.NET
1.3 Perl
1.4 PHP
1.5 Python
1.6 Ruby on Rails
1.7 ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)
1.8 JavaScript
1.9 Others
2 Software as a service (SaaS)
3 Proprietary software
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Open source software[edit]
This section lists free and open-source software that can be installed and managed on a web server.
Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.
Java[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
Apache Roller Java HSQL, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, PostgreSQL, Apache Derby 5.1.2 Apache 2.0 License 2015-03-01[1][2]
Ametys CMS Java MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, JCR, Apache Derby 3.7.1 Apache 2.0 License 2015-04-27
Crafter CMS Java Git, Solr, CMIS 3.0.0 GNU GPL v3 2017-08-01
dotCMS Java MySQL, Oracle, MSSQL, PostgreSQL 4.1.0 GNU GPL v3 2017-06-05
Liferay Java HSQLDB, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, Apache Derby, Informix, InterBase, JDataStore, PostgreSQL, SAP, Sybase 7.0.1 LGPL 2016-06-10
eXo Platform Community Edition Java HSQLDB, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, Apache Derby, PostgreSQL, Sybase 4.3 LGPL 2016-01-21
DSpace Java Oracle, PostgreSQL 5.0 BSD License 2015-01-16
Fedora Commons Java MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Mulgara (MPTSTore RDF Semantic Triplestore) 4.1.0 Apache License 2015-02-04
LogicalDOC Community Edition Java MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL 7.4.2[3] LGPL 2016-03-24
Nuxeo EP Java MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, Ingres, PostgreSQL, MongoDB 7.3 LGPL 2014-11-12
OpenCms Java HSQL, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, PostgreSQL 10.5.1 LGPL 2017-02-15
Alfresco Community Edition Java MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, DB2, 201707 LGPL 2016-05-17
Hippo CMS Java MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, Ingres, PostgreSQL, JCR 11.1.0[4] Apache 2.0 License 2016-10-31
OpenWGA Java MySQL, PostgreSQL, IBM DB2, HSQLDB, Oracle, SQL Server, IBM Lotus Domino, CMIS 7.1 GPL & proprietary 2015-02-25
Jahia Community Distribution Java Apache Derby, JCR, MySQL, PostgreSQL 7.0.0 GPL 2014-04-01
Magnolia Java Derby, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle 5.0 GPL 2016-11-15
OpenKM Java MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, HSQLDB 6.3.2 GPL 2016-10-24
Thingamablog Java 1.5.1 GPL 2009-11-23
XWiki Java MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, HSQLDB 8.4.1 LGPL 2016-11-22
Java packages/bundle[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
Apache Lenya Java, XML, Apache Cocoon 2.0.4[5] Apache License 2011-03-14
Daisy Java, XML, Apache Cocoon MySQL 2.4.2 Apache License 2011-02-21
Microsoft ASP.NET[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
C1 CMS ASP.NET (Web Forms, MVC) XML, SQL Server 6.1 Mozilla Public License 2017-04-27[6]
DNN ASP.NET (Web Forms, MVC) SQL Server, SQL Server Express, SQL Azure 9.1.1 MIT License 2017-09-05[7]
Kentico CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 10.0 Proprietary, Free 2016-11-30[8]
mojoPortal ASP.NET SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, SQL CE 2.4.1.0 CPL 2016-04-10[9]
Orchard Project ASP.NET (Web Forms, MVC) SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 1.10.1 New BSD License 2016-05-11[10]
Umbraco ASP.NET (Web Forms, MVC) SQL Server, SQL CE, SQL Azure, MySQL 7.6.5 MIT License 2017-08-08[11]
BetterCMS ASP.NET (Web Forms, MVC) SQL Server, SQL Azure[12] 2.0.6 LGPL 2016-06-14[13]
Perl[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
blosxom Perl Flat-file database 2.1.2 MIT 2008-10-02
Bricolage Perl on mod perl MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle 2.0.1 BSD 2011-02-09
EPrints Perl on mod perl MySQL, PostgreSQL 3.3.15 GPL 2015-12-22[14]
Foswiki Perl Flat-file database 2.1.4 GPL 2017-06-01[15]
Ikiwiki Perl Git (software), Apache Subversion, Mercurial 3.20170111 GPL 2017-01-11[16]
Movable Type Open Source Perl, mod perl, FastCGI, w/PHP MySQL 5.2.13 GPL 2015-04-14[17]
TWiki Perl Plain files (under version control) 6.0.2 GPL 2015-11-29[18]
SPINE Perl, mod perl MySQL, PostgreSQL 1.2.2 GPL 2006-12-27
WebGUI Perl on mod perl MySQL 7.10.30 GPL 2016-01-06[19]
PHP[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
ATutor PHP MySQL 2.2.2 GPL 2016-07-01[20]
Backdrop CMS PHP MySQL 1.8.0 GPLv2+ 2017-09-16[21]
b2evolution PHP MySQL, MariaDB[22] 6.8.10 GPLv2 2017-06-23[23]
CMSimple PHP Flat-file database 4.6.3 GPLv3 2016-05-31[24]
CMS Made Simple PHP MySQL 2.2.2 GPL 2017-07-08[25]
Coderity PHP MySQL 3.3.13 MIT 2015-02-27[26]
Composr CMS PHP MySQL 9.0.30 CPAL 2016-09-18[27]
concrete5 PHP MySQL 8.1.0 MIT 2017-01-24[28]
Contao PHP MySQL 4.4.0 LGPL 2017-06-16[29]
DokuWiki PHP Flat-file database 2017-02-19a GPL 2017-02-19[30]
Dotclear PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 2.12 GPL 2017-07-27[31]
Drupal PHP MariaDB, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, Percona Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite[32] 8.3.7 GPLv2+ 2017-08-16[33]
Exponent CMS PHP MySQL 2.3.5 GPL 2015-09-18[34]
eZ Publish PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server 5.4 GPL 2014-12-02[35]
eZ Platform PHP MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL 1.7.0[36] GPL 2016-12-15
Geeklog PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server 2.1.3 GPL 2017-06-22[37]
GetSimple CMS PHP Flat-file database 3.3.13 GPL 2016-10-11[38]
Habari PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL,[39] SQLite 0.9.2 Apache License 2014-09-16[40]
ImpressCMS PHP MySQL 1.3.10 GPL 2016-12-28[41]
ImpressPages PHP MySQL 4.8.0 GPL MIT 2016-10-30[42]
Jamroom PHP MySQL, MariaDB, Percona 6.1.0 MPL 2017-08-30[43]
Joomla! PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, SQLite 3.7.4 GPL 2017-07-25[44]
Kajona PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MariaDB, Oracle 6.2 LGPL 2017-06-08[45]
Known PHP MySQL, MongoDB 0.9.2 Apache License 2016-04-24[46]
Magento PHP MySQL 2.1.8 OSL Ver. 3 / AFL Ver. 3 2017-08-09[47]
Mambo PHP MySQL 4.6.5 GPL 2008-06-01
MediaWiki PHP MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MSSQL[48] 1.29.1 GPL 2017-08-23[49]
MiaCMS PHP MySQL 4.9 GPL 2009-07-29[50]
Midgard CMS PHP (Midgard framework) MySQL 12.0.9.2 LGPL 2012-09-26[51]
MODX PHP MySQL 2.5.7 GPL 2017-04-21[52]
Moodle PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, or Oracle 3.3 GPLv3+ 2017-05-14[53]
Novius OS PHP MySQL 5.0.1 (Elche) AGPLv3 2014-07-08[54]
Nucleus CMS PHP MySQL 3.64 GPL 2011-03-14[55]
OctoberCMS PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 382 MIT 2016-11-17[56]
Omeka PHP MySQL 2.5 GPL 2017-01-31[57]
PageCarton PHP MySQL, Flat-file database, SQLite 1.6.1 GPL v2 2017-11-09[58]
PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 5.5.2 GPL v2 2013-02-12[59]
pH7CMS PHP MySQL, MariaDB 8.0.6 GPL 3.0 2017-08-27[60]
Phire CMS PHP MySQL 2.1.0 New BSD License 2016-07-07[61]
PHP-Nuke PHP MySQL 8.3.2 GPL 2014-01-30[62]
phpWebLog PHP MySQL 0.5.3 GPL 2001-10-31
phpWiki PHP MySQL 1.5.5 GPL 2015-12-11[63]
pimcore PHP MySQL 4.4.0 GPL 2016-11-16[64]
PivotX PHP MySQL, Flat-file database 2.3.11 GPL 2015-06-21[65]
Pixie (CMS) PHP MySQL 1.0.4 GPL 2010-03-21
Pluck PHP Flat-file database 4.7.3 GPL3 2014-12-08[66]
PmWiki PHP Flat-file database[67] SQLite[68] 2.2.102[69] GPL 2017-08-05
Prestashop PHP MySQL 1.6.1.8 Open Software License 3.0 2016-10-26[70]
ProcessWire PHP MySQL 3.0.62 Mozilla Public License 2.0 2017-05-12[71]
SMW+ PHP - MediaWiki MySQL 1.7.0 GPL 2012-04-24[72]
Serendipity PHP + Smarty MySQL, PostgreSQL, MySQLi, SQLite 2.0.4 BSD 2016-09-26[73]
SilverStripe PHP MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Oracle 3.5.3 BSD 2017-02-21[74]
SPIP PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 3.1.6 LGPL 2017-06-12[75]
Textpattern PHP MySQL 4.6.2 GPL 2016-10-21[76]
Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware PHP MySQL 15.2 LGPL 2016-07-06[77]
TYPO3 PHP MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL 7.6.16 GPL 2017-02-28[78]
Wolf CMS PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 0.8.3.1 GPL v3 2015-08-10[79]
WordPress PHP MySQL, MariaDB 4.8.1 GPL 2017-08-02[80]
Xaraya PHP MySQL, PostgreSQL 2.4.0 GPL 2013-02-23[81]
XOOPS PHP MySQL 2.5.8 GPL 2016-05-27[82]
Python[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
django CMS Python/Django PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite 3 and Oracle 3.3.0 BSD 2016-05-27
Mezzanine Python/Django PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite 3 and Oracle 4.2.2 BSD 2016-11-25[83]
MoinMoin Python Flat-file database 1.9.9 GPL 2016-10-31[84]
Plone Python/Zope MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Oracle, ZODB, via Zope 5.0.4 GPL 2016-04-07[85]
Wagtail Python/Django PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite 3 and Oracle 1.8.1 BSD 2017-01-27[86]
Ruby on Rails[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
Alchemy CMS Ruby on Rails PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite 3.5 BSD 2016-12-22
BrowserCMS Ruby on Rails MySQL, SQLite 3.5.7 LGPL 2013-07-05
Radiant Ruby on Rails MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, DB2[87] 1.1.4[88] MIT 2013-09-24
Refinery CMS Ruby on Rails MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 3.0.5[89] MIT 2016-11-23
Typo Ruby on Rails MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite 8.3.3[90] MIT 2016-11-03
Comfortable Mexican Sofa Ruby on Rails PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite 1.12.10 MIT 2016-12-23
ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
ContentBox Modular CMS Lucee / Railo / Adobe ColdFusion MySQL/Microsoft SQL Server/PostgreSQL/HSQLDB/Apache Derby 2.1.0 Apache License or proprietary 2015-05-05[91]
Mura CMS Lucee / Railo / OpenBD / Adobe ColdFusion MySQL/Microsoft SQL Server/Oracle 7.06858 GPL or proprietary 2017-01-03[92]
FarCry CMS Lucee / Railo / OpenBD / Adobe ColdFusion MySQL/Microsoft SQL Server/Oracle/Postgres 7.0.7 GPL or proprietary 2015-01-14[93]
JavaScript[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
Ghost NodeJS (JavaScript) SQLite, MySQL 0.11.9[94] MIT 2017-05-16
TiddlyWiki JavaScript Flat-file database 5.1.14[95] BSD license 2017-04-27
Others[edit]
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
OpenACS Tcl AOLserver PostgreSQL/Oracle 5.9.0 GPL 2015-12-01[96]
Software as a service (SaaS)[edit]
This section lists proprietary software that includes software, hosting, and support with a single vendor. This section includes free services.
Name
Licensed version available
Last stable version
Web content management
Group content management
Enterprise content management
Accrisoft Freedom Yes 10.2 Yes Yes Yes
Adobe Business Catalyst V4 Yes Yes Yes
Alfresco Cloud Yes (Alfresco Community & Enterprise) 2012.05 No Yes Yes
Crafter CMS Cloud Yes (Crafter CMS Enterprise) 2017.08 Yes Yes No
censhare Yes 2017.02 Yes Yes Yes
Clickability (Limelight Networks) No Yes No No
Content SORT Yes 2013.11 Yes Yes Yes
dotCMS Cloud[97] Yes 4.1.0 Yes Yes Yes
Evoq based on DNN/DotNetNuke Yes 9.1 Yes Yes Yes
eXo Cloud Yes 2014.01 Yes Yes Yes
Frontis Archive Publishing System Yes V3.12.01.11 Yes Yes Yes
Huddle Yes 2012 Yes Yes Yes
Microsoft Office 365 Yes (MS SharePoint, MS Lync, MS Exchange, MS Office) 2013 Yes Yes Yes
nuBuilder Yes 2014 Yes Yes Yes
O3Spaces Yes 3.2.1 Yes Yes No
OU Campus Yes 10.2.4 Yes Yes
Polopoly Web CMS 10.2 Yes Yes No
Quintype Yes Yes Yes Yes
uCoz Yes Yes No
Windows Live No 2011 No Yes No
XaitPorter Yes 4.9.6 No No Yes
Zesty.io Yes (Multi-Tenant SaaS) Versionless Yes Yes Yes
Proprietary software[edit]
This section lists proprietary software to be installed and managed on a user's own server. This section includes freeware proprietary software.

Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.
Name
Platform
Supported databases
Latest stable release
Licenses
Latest release date
Web content management
Group web content management
Enterprise content management
Alfresco (Enterprise & Community Edition) Java Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, DB2 4.0.2 Enterprise, 4.2.c Community Open Source 2015-03[98] No Yes Yes
Altitude3.Net ASP.NET SQL Server 2015.07.14 Proprietary software 2015-7-14 Yes Yes Yes
censhare Java Oracle 2017.2 Proprietary software 2017-05-12 Yes Yes Yes
Contentverse Java Oracle, SQL Server 8.1 Proprietary software 2014 Yes Yes Yes
Contegro ASP.NET SQL Server 4.0.0 Proprietary software 2010-17-11 Yes Yes No
CoreMedia WCM Java JDBC-compliant databases 8 2015-03-19 Yes No No
DocLogix ASP.NET SQL Server 10.0.0 Proprietary software 2015-12-15 No No Yes
dotCMS Java Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL 4.1.0 Proprietary software 2017-6-05 Yes Yes Yes
Evoq based on DotNetNuke platform ASP.NET SQL Server 9.1 Proprietary software based on open source project 2017-09-05 Yes Yes Yes
Ektron CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 9.20 Proprietary software 2016-12-09 Yes Yes Yes
Elcom CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 9.0 Proprietary software 2011-02-15 Yes Yes Yes
EMC Documentum Java Oracle, SQL Server, DB2 7.2 Proprietary software 2015-02-10 No No Yes
Episerver CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 10 Proprietary software 2017-01-16 Yes Yes Yes
ExpressionEngine PHP MySQL 3.4.5 Proprietary software 2016-12-06 Yes No Yes
Hyland OnBase ECM .NET SQL Server, Oracle Yes Yes Yes
IBM Enterprise Content Management Java Oracle, DB2 8.5 Proprietary software 2013 Yes Yes Yes
OpenText Teamsite Java, .Net, XML, XSLT Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, MySQL 16.2 Proprietary software 2017-04 Yes Yes Yes
Jadu PHP MySQL, SQL Server Continuously Released Proprietary software Yes Yes No
Jahia Enterprise Distribution Java MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server 6.6.2.3 Proprietary software 2013-12-20 Yes Yes Yes
Kentico CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 8.1 Proprietary software 2016-10-30 Yes Yes Yes
Movable Type Perl MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server 6.3.2 Proprietary 2016-09-27[99] Yes Yes Yes
nuBuilder PHP, JavaScript, SQL, AJAX, jQuery and JSON MySQL pro (3, previously the version system was numeric) Open source 2014-2 Yes Yes Yes
XaitPorter (local license) PHP Oracle 4.9.6 Proprietary software 2013-04 No No Yes
Oracle WebCenter Content
(formerly Universal Content Management) Java Oracle 11g Yes Yes Yes
OU Campus Java MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, SAP Sybase ASE 10.2.4 Proprietary software 2015-06-24 Yes Yes Yes
Pulse CMS PHP Flat-file database 4.6.2 2016-12-20[100] Yes No No
SharePoint ASP.NET SQL Server (2005, 2008 or 2012), SQL Express 5.0 (15.0.4551.1508) Proprietary, Open API 2014-04-22 Yes Yes Yes
Sitecore ASP.NET (Webforms or MVC) SQL Server (2005, 2008, 2012), Oracle 8.2.5 Proprietary software 2017-08-01 Yes Yes Yes
Sitekit CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 9.5 Proprietary software 2012-02-01 Yes Yes No
Telligent Community ASP.NET SQL Server 5.0 2009-06-26 Yes Yes No
TerminalFour (SiteManager) Java MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server 8.1.9.9 Proprietary 2017-06-24 Yes Yes Yes
Webnodes CMS ASP.NET SQL Server 2005+, SQLCE, MySQL 3.6 Proprietary 2011-06-30 Yes Yes Yes
See also[edit]
Software portal
Comparison of web frameworks
Comparison of wiki software
List of content management frameworks
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "System requirements". b2evolution.net.
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Jump up ^ "Composr 10 RC18 released!". Composr CMS. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
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Jump up ^ "ImpressPages 4.8.0". impresspages.org.
Jump up ^ "Jamroom 6.1 Has Been Released". Jamroom. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
Jump up ^ "Joomla! 3.7.4 Released". Joomla.org. 25 July 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Releases". github.com. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Welcome to MediaWiki.org". News section. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Home - MiaCMS Official Website". Miacms.org. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
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Jump up ^ "Meet Omeka Classic 2.5 – Omeka". omeka.org. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
Jump up ^ "PageCarton Download". pagecarton.org. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "papaya CMS / Open Source Content Management System (GPL) - Download". Papaya-cms.com. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
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Jump up ^ "Get on board and download Pimcore! · pimcore/pimcore". pimcore.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
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Jump up ^ "home · news · Security Release 4.7.3". pluck-cms.org.
Jump up ^ "PmWiki - PmWiki / FlatFileAdvantages". pmwiki.org.
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External links[edit]
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values: قائمة نظم إدارة المحتوى – Arabic

values: Seznam systémů pro správu obsahu – Czech

values: Κατάλογος Συστημάτων Διαχείρισης Περιεχομένου – Greek

values: فهرست سامانه‌های مدیریت محتوا – Persian

values: Liste de systèmes de gestion de contenu – French

values: Բովանդակության կառավարման համակարգերի ցուցակ – Armenian

values: सामग्री प्रबन्धन प्रणालियों की सूची – Hindi

values: Perbandingan sistem pengurusan kandungan – Malay

values: Lista över webbpubliceringssystem – Swedish

values: İçerik yönetim sistemleri listesi – Turkish

values: Список систем керування вмістом – Ukrainian

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