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Email marketing
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Part of a series on
Internet marketing
Search engine optimization
Local search engine optimisation
Social media marketing
Email marketing
Referral marketing
Content marketing
Native advertising
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Search analytics
Web analytics
Display advertising
Ad blocking
Contextual advertising
Behavioral targeting
Affiliate marketing
Cost per action
Revenue sharing
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v
t
e
Email marketing is the act of sending a commercial message, typically to a group of people, using email. In its broadest sense, every email sent to a potential or current customer could be considered email marketing. It usually involves using email to send advertisements, request business, or solicit sales or donations, and is meant to build loyalty, trust, or brand awareness. Marketing emails can be sent to a purchased lead list or a current customer database. The term usually refers to sending email messages with the purpose of enhancing a merchant's relationship with current or previous customers, encouraging customer loyalty and repeat business, acquiring new customers or convincing current customers to purchase something immediately, and sharing third-party ads.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Types
2.1 Transactional emails
2.2 Direct emails
2.2.1 Mobile email marketing
3 Comparison to traditional mail
3.1 Advantages
3.2 Disadvantages
4 Opt-in email advertising
5 Legal requirements
5.1 Australia
5.2 Canada
5.3 European Union
5.4 United States
6 See also
7 References
History
Email marketing has evolved rapidly alongside the technological growth of the 21st century. Prior to this growth, when emails were novelties to the majority of customers, email marketing was not as effective. In 1978, Gary Thuerk of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) sent out the first mass email[1] to approximately 400 potential clients via the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). This email resulted in $13 million worth of sales in DEC products, and highlighted the potential of marketing through mass emails. However, as email marketing developed as an effective means of direct communication, users began blocking out content from emails with filters and blocking programs. In order to effectively communicate a message through email, marketers had to develop a way of pushing content through to the end user, without being cut out by automatic filters and spam removing software. This resulted in the birth of triggered marketing emails, which are sent to specific users based on their tracked online browsing patterns.
Historically, it has been difficult to measure the effectiveness of marketing campaigns because target markets cannot be adequately defined. Email marketing carries the benefit of allowing marketers to identify returns on investment and measure and improve efficiency.[citation needed] Email marketing allows marketers to see feedback from users in real time, and to monitor how effective their campaign is in achieving market penetration, revealing a communication channel's scope. At the same time, however, it also means that the more personal nature of certain advertising methods, such as television advertisements, cannot be captured.
Types
Email marketing can be carried out through different types of emails:
Transactional emails
Transactional emails are usually triggered based on a customer's action with a company. To be qualified as transactional or relationship messages, these communications' primary purpose must be "to facilitate, complete, or confirm a commercial transaction that the recipient has previously agreed to enter into with the sender" along with a few other narrow definitions of transactional messaging.[2] Triggered transactional messages include dropped basket messages, password reset emails, purchase or order confirmation emails, order status emails, reorder emails, and email receipts.
The primary purpose of a transactional email is to convey information regarding the action that triggered it. But, due to their high open rates (51.3% compared to 36.6% for email newsletters), transactional emails are an opportunity to introduce or extend the email relationship with customers or subscribers; to anticipate and answer questions; or to cross-sell or up-sell products or services.[3]
Many email newsletter software vendors offer transactional email support, which gives companies the ability to include promotional messages within the body of transactional emails. There are also software vendors that offer specialized transactional email marketing services, which include providing targeted and personalized transactional email messages and running specific marketing campaigns (such as customer referral programs).[citation needed]
Direct emails
Direct email involves sending an email solely to communicate a promotional message (for example, a special offer or a product catalog). Companies usually collect a list of customer or prospect email addresses to send direct promotional messages to, or they rent a list of email addresses from service companies. Safe mail marketing is also used.[citation needed]
Mobile email marketing
Email marketing develops large amounts[vague] of traffic through smartphones and tablets. Marketers are researching ways to advertise to more users and to make them view advertising for longer. However, the rate of delivery is still relatively low due to better filtering-out of advertising and users having multiple email accounts for different purposes. Because emails are generated according to the tracked behavior of consumers, it is possible to send advertising which is based on the recipient's behavior. Because of this, modern email marketing is perceived more often as a pull strategy rather than a push strategy.[citation needed]
Comparison to traditional mail
There are both advantages and disadvantages to using email marketing in comparison to traditional advertising mail.
Advantages
Email marketing is popular with companies for several reasons:
An exact return on investment can be tracked ("track to basket") and has proven to be high[vague] when done properly. Email marketing is often reported as second only to search marketing as the most effective online marketing tactic.[4]
Email marketing is significantly cheaper and faster than traditional mail, mainly because of the high cost and time required in a traditional mail campaign for producing the artwork, printing, addressing, and mailing.
Businesses and organizations who send a high volume of emails can use an ESP (email service provider) to gather information about the behavior of the recipients. The insights provided by consumer response to email marketing help businesses and organizations understand and make use of consumer behavior.
Email provides a cost-effective method to test different marketing content, including visual, creative, marketing copy, and multimedia assets. The data gathered by testing in the email channel can then be used across all channels of marketing campaigns, both print and digital.
Advertisers can reach substantial numbers of email subscribers who have opted in (i.e., consented) to receive the email.[citation needed]
Almost half of American Internet users check or send email on a typical day,[5] with emails delivered between 1 am and 5 am local time outperforming those sent at other times in open and click rates.[6][7]
Email is popular with digital marketers, rising an estimated 15% in 2009 to £292 million in the UK.[8]
If compared to standard email, direct email marketing produces higher response rate and higher average order value for e-commerce businesses.[9]
Disadvantages
As of mid-2016 email deliverability is still an issue for legitimate marketers. According to the report, legitimate email servers averaged a delivery rate of 73% in the U.S.; six percent were filtered as spam, and 22% were missing. This lags behind other countries: Australia delivers at 90%, Canada at 89%, Britain at 88%, France at 84%, Germany at 80% and Brazil at 79%.[10]
Additionally, consumers receive on average circa 90 emails per day.[11]
Companies considering the use of an email marketing program must make sure that their program does not violate spam laws such as the United States' Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM),[12] the European Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003, or their Internet service provider's acceptable use policy.
Opt-in email advertising
Opt-in email advertising, or permission marketing, is a method of advertising via email whereby the recipient of the advertisement has consented to receive it. This method is one of several developed by marketers to eliminate the disadvantages of email marketing.[13]
Opt-in email marketing may evolve into a technology that uses a handshake protocol between the sender and receiver.[13] This system is intended to eventually result in a high degree of satisfaction between consumers and marketers. If opt-in email advertising is used, the material that is emailed to consumers will be "anticipated". It is assumed that the recipient wants to receive it, which makes it unlike unsolicited advertisements sent to the consumer. Ideally, opt-in email advertisements will be more personal and relevant to the consumer than untargeted advertisements.[citation needed]
A common example of permission marketing is a newsletter sent to an advertising firm's customers. Such newsletters inform customers of upcoming events or promotions, or new products.[14] In this type of advertising, a company that wants to send a newsletter to their customers may ask them at the point of purchase if they would like to receive the newsletter.
With a foundation of opted-in contact information stored in their database, marketers can send out promotional materials automatically using autoresponders—known as drip marketing. They can also segment their promotions to specific market segments.[15]
Legal requirements
Australia
The Australian Spam Act 2003 is enforced by the Australian Communications and Media Authority, widely known as "ACMA". The act defines the term unsolicited electronic messages, states how unsubscribe functions must work for commercial messages, and gives other key information. Fines range with 3 fines of AU$110,000 being issued to Virgin Blue Airlines (2011), Tiger Airways Holdings Limited (2012) and Cellar master Wines Pty Limited (2013).[16]
Canada
The "Canada Anti-Spam Law" (CASL) went into effect on July 1, 2014.[17] CASL requires an explicit or implicit opt-in from users, and the maximum fines for noncompliance are CA$1 million for individuals and $10 million for businesses.[18]
European Union
In 2002 the European Union (EU) introduced the Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications. Article 13 of the Directive prohibits the use of personal email addresses for marketing purposes. The Directive establishes the opt-in regime, where unsolicited emails may be sent only with prior agreement of the recipient; this does not apply to business email addresses.
The directive has since been incorporated into the laws of member states. In the UK it is covered under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003[19] and applies to all organizations that send out marketing by some form of electronic communication.
United States
The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 was passed by Congress as a direct response of the growing number of complaints over spam e-mails.[citation needed] Congress determined that the US government was showing an increased interest in the regulation of commercial electronic mail nationally, that those who send commercial e-mails should not mislead recipients over the source or content of them, and that all recipients of such emails have a right to decline them. The act authorizes a US $16,000 penalty per violation for spamming each individual recipient.[20] However, it does not ban spam emailing outright, but imposes laws on using deceptive marketing methods through headings which are "materially false or misleading". In addition there are conditions which email marketers must meet in terms of their format, their content and labeling. As a result, many commercial email marketers within the United States utilize a service or special software to ensure compliance with the act. A variety of older systems exist that do not ensure compliance with the act. To comply with the act's regulation of commercial email, services also typically require users to authenticate their return address and include a valid physical address, provide a one-click unsubscribe feature, and prohibit importing lists of purchased addresses that may not have given valid permission.[citation needed]
In addition to satisfying legal requirements, email service providers (ESPs) began to help customers establish and manage their own email marketing campaigns. The service providers supply email templates and general best practices, as well as methods for handling subscriptions and cancellations automatically. Some ESPs will provide insight and assistance with deliverability issues for major email providers. They also provide statistics pertaining to the number of messages received and opened, and whether the recipients clicked on any links within the messages.
The CAN-SPAM Act was updated with some new regulations including a no-fee provision for opting out, further definition of "sender", post office or private mail boxes count as a "valid physical postal address" and definition of "person". These new provisions went into effect on July 7, 2008.[21] [22]
See also
CAUCE – Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email
Customer engagement
Suppression list
Email spam - Unsolicited email marketing
References
Jump up ^ "spam | unsolicited e-mail". Retrieved September 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "PUBLIC LAW 108–187—DEC. 16, 2003 117 STAT. 2699" (PDF). U.S Government GPO.
Jump up ^ ADIKESAVAN, T. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEST PRACTICES AND APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS. ISBN 8120348966. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ MECLABS, content: MarketingSherpa, design: Scott McDaniel, code: Steve Beger, (January 21, 2009). "New Survey Data: Email's ROI Makes Tactic Key for Marketers in 2009". MarketingSherpa.com. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pew Internet & American Life Project, "Tracking surveys", March 2000 – March 2009
Jump up ^ How Scheduling Affects Rates. Mailermailer.com (July 2012). Retrieved on July 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ BtoB Magazine, "Early Email Blasts Results in Higher Click & Open Rates" Archived 2011-11-22 at the Wayback Machine., September 2011
Jump up ^ UK e-mail marketing predicted to rise 15%. MediaWeek.co.uk (13 October 2009)
Jump up ^ "Why Email Marketing is King". Harvard Business Review (21 August 2012)
Jump up ^ Roberts, A. "Email deliverability is on the decline: report", ClickZ
Jump up ^ Radicati, Sara. "Email Statistics Report, 2014-2018" (PDF). The Radicati Group, Inc.
Jump up ^ "Consumer Information". Consumer Information. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Fairhead, N. (2003) "All hail the brave new world of permission marketing via email" (Media 16, August 2003)
Jump up ^ Dilworth, Dianna (2007). "Ruth's Chris Steak House sends sizzling e-mails for special occasions". DMNews. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ O'Brian J. & Montazemia, A. (2004) Management Information Systems (Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.)
Jump up ^ "Spam: enforcement actions". Australian Communications and Media Authority. Australian Communications and Media Authority. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Moorcraft, Bethan. "Law could force idle brokers back to dark ages". Insurance Business. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canada's law on spam". Government of Canada. Retrieved July 19, 2014. .
Jump up ^ The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 Archived November 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.. Opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved on July 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "CAN-SPAM Act: A Compliance Guide for Business". FTC.gov. BCP Business Center. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "FTC Approves New Rule Provision Under The CAN-SPAM Act". FTC.gov. June 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "16 CFR Part 316 Definitions and Implementation Under the CAN–SPAM Act; Final Rule" (PDF). FTC.gov. May 21, 2008.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Email_marketing&oldid=814071202"
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The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tracy McConnell
How I Met Your Mother character
The Mother appearing in "The Locket"
First appearance
"Lucky Penny (unseen)"
"Something New" (seen)
Last appearance
"Last Forever"
Created by
Carter Bays
Craig Thomas
Portrayed by
Cristin Milioti
Information
Aliases
The Mother
Gender
Female
Spouse(s)
Ted Mosby
Significant other(s)
Max (deceased former boyfriend)
Louis (ex-boyfriend)
Children
Penny Mosby (daughter, born in 2015, played by Lyndsy Fonseca)
Luke Mosby (son, born in 2017, played by David Henrie)
Nationality
American
Tracy McConnell, better known as "The Mother", is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from "Lucky Penny" to "The Time Travelers" as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in "Something New" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.
The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in "Last Forever", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.
An alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030.[1][2] In the video, future Ted is heard saying, "...When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mom every morning, I can't help but be amazed how easy it all really was...", indirectly stating that The Mother is alive. The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin as he lived a successful married life with Tracy Mosby.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Casting
2 Character history
2.1 Name
3 Death
4 Notes
5 References
Casting[edit]
During its first eight seasons, the successful sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fans expected that another would play one of the most-wanted roles in Hollywood, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that "We didn’t want it to be a big famous star because we didn’t want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be ... The whole idea is that Ted’s never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had "kept the show alive" when it began. Bays and Thomas also did not want a large casting call.[4][5]
They chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. After competing for the role against at least two others, Milioti filmed her first scene—for the last episode of season 8—having never watched How I Met Your Mother; she recalled, "I had ignorance on my side. So I didn’t know what it meant." Milioti learned of the character's importance only after binge watching the show during the summer.[5][6]
Character history[edit]
The Mother was born on September 19, 1984.[note 1]
The Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her — a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love.[7]
In "Wait for It", it is revealed that the short story of how they met involved her yellow umbrella. In "No Tomorrow", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since the death of Max, her late boyfriend. She is still grieving, but her roommate Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Ted and Barney are celebrating. The two women run into Mitch, her old orchestra instructor; The Mother offers to give Mitch her cello for his work at a school and they head to her apartment. After they start talking, Mitch encourages her to pursue her dreams. The Mother expresses her desire to end poverty by taking up economics in college.[7]
On his first day of teaching as Professor Mosby, as seen in the season 4 finale "The Leap", he is seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother. But in the first episode of season 5, "Definitions", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom — Economics instead of Architecture. At the same time in "How Your Mother Met Me", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with her as her roommate. They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in the wrong room and runs off. She heads back to the room after seeing Ted scramble to his actual classroom.
Later, in "Girls Versus Suits", Ted dates Cindy, not knowing that her roommate is his future wife. Throughout the episode, Ted notes that Cindy had spent most of their first date talking jealously about her roommate. When in Cindy and the mother's apartment he picks up many of The Mother's belongings, attempting to show how compatible he and Cindy are (thinking the items are Cindy's) and glimpses the mother's foot as she disappears into her room after taking a shower. Ted finds out at this time that she plays bass guitar in a band. Ted forgets to take the yellow umbrella with him when he goes out and Future Ted mentions, "this is how your mother got her yellow umbrella back." In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is revealed that, after Ted left the apartment, the Mother had discovered the umbrella and, upon going to question Cindy, finds her in a state. As she tried to console her, Cindy said that she was a much better match for Ted, and began to lovingly list all of the reasons that Ted would find the mother attractive, before spontaneously kissing her, revealing that her jealousy towards her roommate was actually a crush. While this incident made Cindy realise that she is a lesbian, it also made the Mother decide to go back into dating, as the kiss was her first in a long time.
Some time after this, a man named Darren approaches The Mother and is welcomed into her band named Superfreakonomics. Darren gradually takes over the band.[7]
In the season 6 opener "Big Days" it is revealed Ted meets his future wife "the day of" the wedding at which he is the best man. In the episode "False Positive" Robin asks Ted to be her future best man, should she ever get married. In the episode "Challenge Accepted", it is revealed that Ted meets the mother of his children the day of Barney's wedding. In the last episode of season 7, "The Magician's Code" it is shown that Barney will marry Robin, and Ted will meet the mother "the day of" their wedding. On the premiere of season 8, Ted's wife appears after Barney and Robin's wedding, outside at the "Farhampton" station while holding a yellow umbrella and her bass guitar.
In the season 8 episode "Band or DJ?," Ted runs into Cindy on the subway and tells her that the band Barney and Robin hired to play at their wedding cancelled at the last minute. The end result of the encounter is that Cindy's (now ex-) roommate's band plays at Barney and Robin's wedding.
The Mother is first shown meeting Louis in "How Your Mother Met Me" as she is left to carry the band equipment while the now-lead band member Darren talks to his fans. Later at MacLaren's Pub, she tells him she's not yet ready to date. Louis asks her to give him a call if she changes her mind and they begin dating not long after.
The Mother meets all of Ted's best friends (Barney, Lily, Marshall and Robin) before she meets him. The Mother is responsible for convincing Barney to pursue Robin, as revealed through a flashback in "Platonish". In "The Locket", Tracy meets Lily on a train journey.
In "Bass Player Wanted", the Mother picks up a hitchhiking Marshall, carrying his son Marvin, on her way to Farhampton Inn. On their way, it is revealed that the Mother is a bass player in the band, that is scheduled to play at the wedding reception. But the band's leader, Darren, forced her to quit. The Mother ultimately decides to confront Darren and retake the band. She ends up alone at the bar, and while practicing a speech to give Darren, Darren walks up to her furious the groom's best man punched him for "no reason." Amused by this, the Mother laughs, and Darren quits the band in anger.
In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is shown that after this incident, the Mother returns to Louis' summer cottage not far from the Farhampton Inn where she has been staying for the duration of the wedding weekend. As she walks in the door, Louis proposes to her, but she goes outside to think about it for a few minutes. She declines Louis' proposal and leaves his cottage, going to check in at Farhampton Inn. On her room's balcony, she plays the ukulele and sings "La Vie en Rose". Ted hears her singing from his room next door.
In "Gary Blauman", Ted and the Mother are on their first date. Ted picks her up at her New York City apartment and they proceed to walk to a Scottish-Mexican fusion restaurant for dinner. On the way there, Ted is telling her a story when they nearly have a run-in with Louis. She says that she is in the "weirdest place on earth" right now and that it is too soon for her to be dating. Ted walks her back to her apartment. They say goodnight and Ted begins to walk away. The Mother then stops him and asks him to finish the story he was telling her. When the story is over, they say goodnight again. The Mother takes a step towards Ted and they kiss for the first time, before deciding to carry on their date.
In a flashforward in "The Lighthouse", Ted proposes to the Mother at the top of the lighthouse near Farhampton Inn. She immediately accepts. In another flashfoward in "Unpause", the Mother is revealed to be pregnant with their second child, Luke, in the year 2017. She goes into labor while she and Ted are staying at Farhampton.
Name[edit]
The Mother's real name is not revealed until the series finale, "Last Forever". When Ted meets her at the Farhampton train station, she reveals that her name is Tracy McConnell. In the season 1 episode "Belly Full of Turkey", Ted meets a stripper named Tracy and says "...that, kids, is the true story of how I met your mother". The children react in surprise and appear to believe Ted before he admits he is joking,[9] which led some fans to correctly guess that The Mother's name is Tracy.[10]
Death[edit]
See also: Last Forever
In the series finale, it is revealed that six years prior to Ted telling the story to his children, Tracy died in 2024 from an undisclosed illness. In the finale the characters do not directly state that the mother is dead. Ted says that she "became sick" and his children saying that she has been "gone" for six years. Many fans expressed considerable disappointment to The Mother's death.[11] Milioti cried when she learned her character was supposed to die, but came to accept the ending was what the writers had planned from the beginning.[12] Bill Kuchman from Popculturology said that The Mother was "an amazing character"[9] and that "over the course of this final season HIMYM made us care about Tracy.[13] Kuchman said that "asking fans to drop all of that with a simple line about The Mother getting sick and passing away was a very difficult request", that the finale "advanced too quickly" and that "HIMYM was a victim of its own success on this issue".[9]
A petition was started, aiming to rewrite and reshoot the finale. The petition has over 20,000 signatures and considerable online news coverage.[14][15] On April 5, 2014, Carter Bays announced on Twitter that an alternate ending would be included on the Season 9 DVD. No new material was shot for this scene.[16][17] In the alternate ending, the mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030.[18][1]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Mother celebrates her 21st birthday on the day that "Pilot" is set.[7] The pilot is set on September 19, 2005.[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Debnath, Neela (7 September 2014). "How I Met Your Mother alternative finale leaks online ahead of DVD release". The Independent. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (September 6, 2014). "Watch the Happier 'How I Met Your Mother' Alternate Ending". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ MacGregor, Rachel (September 23, 2014). "8 reasons why How I Met Your Mother should've used its alternative ending". Metro UK.
Jump up ^ Stransky, Tanner (2013-05-13). "'How I Met Your Mother': Burning questions about the mother". Entertainment Weekly.
^ Jump up to: a b Fallon, Kevin (2013-05-14). "'How I Met Your Mother' Mother Revealed: Meet Cristin Milioti". The Daily Beast.
Jump up ^ Fallon, Kevin (2015-11-03). "How Cristin Milioti Met 'Fargo'—And Left 'How I Met Your Mother' Behind". The Daily Beast.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "How Your Mother Met Me". How I Met Your Mother. Season 9. Episode 16. January 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pilot". How I Met Your Mother. Season 1. Episode 1. September 19, 2005. CBS.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kuchman, Bill (April 4, 2014). "'How I Met Your Mother' 'Last Forever' Recap: A Divisive Finale and What It Means for 'HIMYM'". Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rullo, Samantha (10 March 2014). "What is The Mother's Name on 'How I Met Your Mother'? Episode Title Might Hold the Secret". Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "HIMYM Tomatometer Watch: Series Finale Currently Rotten - Majority of critics disappointed by 'Last Forever'". Rotten Tomatoes. April 2, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/cristin-milioti-sobbed-found-characters-fate-met-mother/story?id=25947923
Jump up ^ Kuchman, Bill (March 31, 2014). "'HIMYM' Finale Instant Reaction". Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Guerrero, Danger (April 4, 2014). "Now There's A Petition To 'Rewrite And Reshoot' The 'How I Met Your Mother' Ending". Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Maresca, Rachel (April 3, 2014). "'How I Met Your Mother' series finale sparks online petition from fans who want ending changed". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Update for those who've been asking: Alt #himym ending will be on s9 DVD and also in the series box set. https://twitter.com/CarterBays/status/452299544995184640
Jump up ^ James, Lauren (April 5, 2014). "'How I Met Your Mother' May Get Alternate Ending After Petition, Says Carter Bays". Contact Music. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (September 6, 2014). "Watch the Happier 'How I Met Your Mother' Alternate Ending". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
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Pom Klementieff
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Pom Klementieff
Klementieff in 2017
Born
(1986-05-03) 3 May 1986 (age 31)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Nationality
French
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2007–present
Pom Klementieff (born 3 May 1986)[1] is a French[2] actress. She was trained at the Cours Florent drama school in Paris and has appeared in such films as Loup (2009), Sleepless Night (2011) and Hacker's Game (2015). She plays the role of Mantis in the film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) and will appear in the same role in the film Avengers: Infinity War (2018).
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Filmography
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Pom Klementieff was born in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, to a Korean mother and French-Russian father, who was working there as a consul with the French government.[3] She had a brother who committed suicide.[4] Her parents chose the name "Pom" because it is similar in pronunciation to the Korean words for both "spring" (봄) and "tiger" (범).[4] Klementieff lived in Canada for one year before her family traveled extensively due to her father's job,[5] and she lived in Japan and the Ivory Coast before settling in France. Klementieff later said that travelling at an early age gave her a "gypsy soul".[4][5]
Klementieff's father died of cancer when she was 5, and her mother was schizophrenic and unable to care for children,[4] so Klementieff was raised by her paternal uncle and aunt.[3] Her uncle, whom she described as "like my second father", died on her 18th birthday.[4] Klementieff briefly attended law school after her uncle's death to appease her aunt, but did not find the career path appealing. She also worked as a waitress and saleswoman in France.[4] She started acting at age 19 at the Cours Florent drama school in Paris. A few months into her education, she won a theater competition that awarded her free classes for two years with the school's top teachers.[5]
Career[edit]
Klementieff in 2018
Klementieff's first professional acting job was the French independent film Après lui (2007), portraying the stepdaughter of the protagonist played by Catherine Deneuve.[3] Filming for her scenes took three days. During one scene, Klementieff was supposed to push someone down a set of stairs but accidentally fell down the stairs herself, and director Gaël Morel kept that shot in the final film. Her first leading role was in Loup (2009), a French film about a tribe of reindeer herders in the Siberian mountains. During filming, Klementieff stayed in a camp, hours from the nearest village, where temperatures dropped well below zero. During filming she befriended nomads who lived there, worked with real wolves, rode reindeer, and swam with a horse in a lake.[5]
Klementieff made her Hollywood debut in Spike Lee's Oldboy (2013), a remake of the South Korean film of the same name.[5][6] She portrayed Haeng-Bok, the bodyguard of the antagonist played by Sharlto Copley. A fan of the original film, Klementieff heard about the part through Roy Lee, a producer with the remake, and took boxing lessons after learning the role involved martial arts. After showcasing her boxing skills during her audition, Lee asked her to go home and come back wearing a more feminine outfit and make-up, like her character in the film.[4][3] She contributed some of her own clothes to the character's wardrobe,[3] and trained three hours a day for two months for an on-screen fight with star Josh Brolin.[3][6] Klementieff came up with the name Haeng-Bok, Korean for "happiness", herself after Lee asked her to research possible names for the character.[3][5]
Klementieff moved to Los Angeles after Oldboy was filmed and began pursuing more Hollywood auditions.[3][5] She continued taekwondo after the film, and has a purple belt as of the summer of 2014.[3] Her next acting role was the film Hacker's Game (2015), in which she plays a hacker she compared to Lisbeth Salander from the novel The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Klementieff used her boxing skills again in the film, and due to the movie's low budget, she had to do her own make-up and chose her own wardrobe.[5] It was her idea to dye her hair purple for the role, to which the directors first objected but later acquiesced.[3] She joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe with her role as Mantis in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) and will appear in the same role in the film Avengers: Infinity War (2018).[7]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2007 Après lui Emilie
2008 The Easy Way NHI
2009 Loup Nastazya
2009 Pigalle, la nuit Sandra TV series (eight episodes)
2011 Borderline Naomi
2011 Sleepless Night Lucy
2011 Delicacy Waitress
2011 Love Lasts Three Years Julia
2011 Silhouettes Valerie
2012 Radiostars The pizza girl
2012 Porn in the Hood Tia
2012 À l'ombre du palmier Le modèle Short film
2012 El Turrrf Pom Short film
2013 Paris à tout prix Jess
2013 Oldboy Haeng-Bok
2014 RossFit Short film
2015 Hacker's Game Loise
2016 Seed Cat Short film
2017 Ingrid Goes West Harley Chung
2017 Newness Bethany
2017 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Mantis
2017 Alteration Elsa Short film
2018 Avengers: Infinity War Mantis Post-production
2019 Untitled Avengers film Post-production
See also[edit]
Biography portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Qui es-tu Pom Klementieff? / Who are you Pom Klementieff?". Première (in French). France. 7 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018. Additional WebCitation archive on 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Klementieff, Pom [@pomklementieff] (28 July 2016). "I'm French. NOT Canadian-French" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Actress Pom Klementieff from Spike Lee's Oldboy". Filler Magazine. 2 (5). Summer 2014. Archived from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Han, Steve (November 2013). "Korean French Actress Pom Klementieff Makes US Debut in 'Oldboy' Remake". KoreAm. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 5 July 2014. So I told [filmmaker Spike Lee], my father died when I was 5. My mother, she is schizophrenic, so she couldn’t take care of me and my brother, who committed suicide a few months before the audition [for Lee's remake of Oldboy].
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Chang, Mina (2 July 2013). "Q&A with Pom Klementieff". Anthem Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b De Ville, Reece (April 7, 2014). "Interview: Oldboy's ass kicking, earth moving Pom Klementieff". TheDigitalFix.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Romano, Nick (28 January 2017). "Avengers: Infinity War adds Mantis from Guardians of the Galaxy 2". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pom Klementieff.
Pom Klementieff on IMDb
Pom Klementieff at AllMovie
Pettit, Stephanie (5 May 2017). "Meet Pom Klementieff, the Actress Behind the Buzzed-About New Character Mantis in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2". People. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 166829042
LCCN: no2014090484
ISNI: 0000 0003 7182 9433
BNF: cb162591522 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pom_Klementieff&oldid=829523540"
Categories:
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Outer Banks
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The Outer Banks, separating the Atlantic Ocean (east) from Currituck and Albemarle Sounds (north) and Pamlico Sound (south)
Aerial view of Outer banks (looking north), with ocean on the right and sound on the left
The Outer Banks (OBX) is a 200-mile-long (320 km) string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States. They cover most of the North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean.
The Outer Banks are a major tourist destination and are known around the world for their subtropical climate and wide expanse of open beachfront. The Cape Hatteras National Seashore has four campgrounds open to visitors.[1] The treacherous seas off the Outer Banks and the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there have given these seas the nickname Graveyard of the Atlantic. The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum is located in Hatteras Village near a United States Coast Guard facility and the Hatteras ferry.
The English Roanoke Colony—where Virginia Dare was born[2]—vanished from Roanoke Island in 1587. The Lost Colony, written and performed to commemorate the original colonists, is the second longest running outdoor drama in the United States and its theater acts as a cultural focal point for much of the Outer Banks.
The Wright brothers' first flight in a controlled, powered, heavier-than-air vehicle took place on the Outer Banks on December 17, 1903, at Kill Devil Hills near the seafront town of Kitty Hawk.[3] The Wright Brothers National Monument commemorates the historic flights, and First Flight Airport is a small, general-aviation airfield located there.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 Vegetation
3 Weather
4 Culture
5 Fishing
6 Communities
6.1 Currituck Banks
6.2 Bodie Island
6.3 Roanoke Island
6.4 Hatteras Island
6.5 Ocracoke Island
6.6 Core Banks
6.7 Bogue Banks
7 Parks
8 Notable residents
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Geography[edit]
The Outer Banks is a string of peninsulas and barrier islands separating the Atlantic Ocean from mainland North Carolina. From north to south, the largest of these include: Bodie Island (which used to be an island but is now a peninsula due to tropical storms and hurricanes), Hatteras Island, Ocracoke Island, Portsmouth Island, and the Core Banks.[4] Over time, the exact number of islands and inlets changes as new inlets are opened up, often during a breach created during violent storms, and older inlets close, usually due to gradually sifting sands during the dynamic processes of beach evolution.
The Outer Banks stretch southward from Sandbridge in Virginia Beach down the North Carolina coastline. Sources differ regarding the southern terminus of the Outer Banks. Generations of North Carolina schoolchildren have learned that the term includes the state's three prominent capes: Cape Hatteras, Cape Lookout, and Cape Fear.[5][6] Other sources limit the definition to two capes (Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout) and coastal areas in four counties (Currituck County, Dare County, Hyde County,and Carteret County).[7] Some authors include Carteret's Shackelford Banks and Bogue Banks in their descriptions,[7] while others exclude Bogue Banks.[8] Still other references restrict the definition to the northern three counties of Currituck, Dare, and Hyde.[9]
The abbreviations OBX (Outer Banks) and SOBX (Southern Outer Banks) are modern terms used to promote tourism and to market a variety of stickers, t-shirts, and other items to vacationers. OBX, which originated first, is generally used in the northern Outer Banks. SOBX is used primarily in Carteret County, which is also known as the Crystal Coast.
The northern part of the Outer Banks, from Oregon Inlet northward, is actually a part of the North American mainland, since the northern inlets of Bodie Island and Currituck Banks no longer exist.[10] It is separated by the Currituck Sound and the Intracoastal Waterway, which passes through the Great Dismal Swamp occupying much of the mainland west of the Outer Banks. Road access to the northern Outer Banks is cut off between Sandbridge and Corolla, North Carolina, with communities such as Carova Beach accessible only by four-wheel drive vehicles. North Carolina State Highway 12 links most of the popular Outer Banks communities in this section of the coast. The easternmost point is Cape Point at Cape Hatteras on Hatteras Island, site of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse.
The Outer Banks are not anchored to offshore coral reefs like some other barrier islands and as a consequence they often suffer significant beach erosion during major storms. In fact, their location jutting out into the Atlantic makes them the most hurricane-prone area north of Florida, for both landfalling storms and brushing storms offshore. Hatteras Island was cut in half on September 18, 2003, when Hurricane Isabel washed a 2,000 foot (600 m) wide and 15 foot (5 m) deep channel called Isabel Inlet through the community of Hatteras Village on the southern end of the island.[11] The tear was subsequently repaired and restored by sand dredging by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It was cut off once again in 2011 by Hurricane Irene. Access to the island was largely limited to boat access only from August to late October until another temporary bridge could be built.
Vegetation[edit]
The vegetation of the Outer Banks varies. In the northeast part of the Outer Banks, from Virginia Beach southward past the North Carolina border to Oregon Inlet, the main types of vegetation are sea grasses, beach grasses and other beach plants including Opuntia humifusa on the Atlantic side and wax myrtles, bays, and grasses on the Sound side with areas of pine and Spanish moss-covered live oaks. Yucca aloifolia and Yucca gloriosa can be found growing wild here in the northern parts of its range on the beach. Sabal Minor palms were once indigenous to the entire Outer Banks, and they are still successfully planted and grown. Its current most northerly known native stand is on Monkey Island in Currituck County.[12][13]
From Cape Hatteras National Seashore southward, the vegetation does include that of the northeastern Outer Banks such as Sabal minor, Yucca aloifolia and Yucca gloriosa; however, the main vegetation consists of Cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto), which can be found in the north, although they are native in the southern part of the Outer Banks, specifically prevalent from Cape Hatteras and all points southward. Pindo palms and windmill palms are also planted widely throughout the Outer Banks; although, they are not indigenous to the area.
A wide variety of native plants can be found at the Elizabethan Gardens in Manteo on Roanoke Island.[14] The gardens are open year round, 7 days a week.
Weather[edit]
The Outer Banks have unusual weather patterns because of their unique geographical location. As the islands are jutted out from the eastern seaboard into the Atlantic Gulf Stream, the Outer Banks has a predisposition to be affected by hurricanes, Nor'easters (usually in the form of rain, and rarely snow or mixed precipitation), and other ocean-driven storms.
The winters are typically milder than in inland areas, averaging lows in the upper 30s and highs in the lower 50s, and is more frequently overcast than in the summer. However, the exposure of the Outer Banks makes them prone to higher winds, often causing wind chills to make the apparent temperature as cold as the inland areas. The summer months average lows from the mid-70s to highs in the upper 80s, depending on the time of the summer. The spring and fall are typically milder seasons. The fall and winter are usually warmer than areas inland, while the spring and the summer are often slightly cooler because of the moderating effects of being surrounded by water.
Although snow is possible, averaging from 3 inches in the north to less than 1/2 inch per year in the south, there are many times when years pass between snowfalls.[15] The majority of nor'easters are "born" off the coasts of the Outer Banks.
Culture[edit]
Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, Hatteras, North Carolina, June 2007
Archeologists believe that the Outer Banks were inhabited for well over a thousand years before the arrival of Europeans, with small branches of larger tribes, such as Algonquins, Chowanog, and Poteskeet, setting up homes all along the barrier islands from Corolla to Hatteras. European explorers to the Outer Banks as far back as the 1500s noted encountering the friendly Hatteras Island and Outer Banks natives, noting their hospitality to foreign explorers as well as their happiness and overall quality of life. European-borne diseases and migration to the mainland were likely the main causes for the decline of the native population.[16]
Before bridges were built in the 1930s, the only form of transport between or off the islands was by boat, which allowed for the islands to stay isolated from much of the rest of the mainland. This helped to preserve the maritime culture and the distinctive Outer Banks accent or brogue, which sounds more like an English accent than it does an American accent. Many "bankers" have often been mistaken for being from England or Ireland when traveling to areas outside of the Outer Banks. The brogue is more distinctive the further south one travels on the Outer Banks, with it being the thickest on Ocracoke Island and Harkers Island.
Some residents of the Outer Banks, known as wreckers, made part of their living by scavenging wrecked ships—or by luring ships to their destruction. Horses with lanterns tied to their necks would be walked along the beach; the lanterns' up and down motion would appear to ships to represent clear water and a ship ahead; the unsuspecting captain would then drive his ship ashore following this false light.[17]
The islands are home to herds of feral horses, sometimes called "banker ponies," which according to local legend are descended from Spanish Mustangs washed ashore centuries ago in shipwrecks. Populations are found on Ocracoke Island, Shackleford Banks, Currituck Banks, and in the Rachel Carson Estuarine Sanctuary.
Ocracoke was the last refuge of pirate Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard. It is also where the infamous pirate was killed November 22, 1718 in a fierce battle with troops from Virginia.[18]
The Outer Banks is home to Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria), the roasted leaves of which were brewed into a high caffeine beverage called black drink by the Native Americans. The Outer Banks may be one of the few places where it is still consumed.[19]

Fishing[edit]
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The Outer Banks offers a multitude of fishing options for tourists as well as locals.[20] There has been a long history of fishing in the Outer Banks, dating back to the end of the 17th century.[21] Pirates ravaged the coast for the majority of the 1600s, but once they were ridden, the local settlers used fishing as their lifeline.[21] Then, in the mid-19th century, large-scale commercial fishing erupted, mostly due to the construction of the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, which simplified shipping methods for fishermen.[21] Saltwater fishing became the cash-crop of the Outer Banks, and blossomed it into a popular tourist destination.[21] In modern times, tourists will flock to the area just for the abundance of fishing opportunities.[20] Anglers, otherwise known as fishermen, have a wide range of fishing methods, some of these methods date back to when the first settlers arrived, to choose from in the Outer Banks.[21]
Fly fishing
This was brought about in the 1950s when modern fly fishing experts like, Joe Brooks and Jimmy Albright, were successfully catching a variety of gamefish on the flats of the Florida Keys and on the Currituck Sound, which is included in the stretch of the Outer Banks.[22] Modern fly fishers in the Outer Banks pursue a variety of gamefish from red drum, to marlin and tuna.[22]
Brackish fishing
This is a separate type of fishing than complete saltwater because of the abundance of new species that are able to live in brackish water.[23] The Outer Banks has multiple Sounds that receive water from the Atlantic Ocean and many North Carolina fresh-water rivers, creating an estuary for many types of fish including, striped bass, puppy drum, and speckled trout.[23]
Offshore fishing
Thriving in the Outer Banks, this is the type of fishing this area is known for.[20] Offshore fishing is the method of heading out to sea to the Gulf Stream, where giant species such as billfish, tuna and dolphin lurk.[24] Anglers can book charters or use their own personal boat, but a larger boat is necessary to reach the deep water where the big fish are prevalent.[20]
Inshore fishing
Guides local to the Outer Banks will often escort new anglers around the area to sounds and piers where they are guaranteed a catch.[25] Whether the customer is a novice or veteran with their fishing skills, the inshore guide is someone that is there to help.[25]
Pier fishing
The Outer Banks are one of the few coastal areas left with more than one fishing pier along the coast, so anglers attract to the area for an opportunity to pier fish.[26] Pier Fishing is an easy way for anglers to get a little off-shore mixed with some inshore fishing.[26] It is where fishermen can catch any type of fish they please, as long as it is the season for it.[26]
The Outer Banks are a popular destination for bottom fish like spot and mullet, these two types of fish are caught throughout the year.[27] The peak for fishing bottom and top water feeders is early to the middle of May.[27] If the angler is solely searching for top water fish, then late May and June would be the ideal time to fish, especially if they are searching for Mackerel.[27] In the offseason, or winter months, the true fishermen are out searching for Trout, Sea Bass, Bluefish, Bluefin Tuna, Oysters, King Mackerel, Bay Scallops, and Striped Bass.[24] In the spring, the popular catches are Grouper, Sea Trout, Sea Bass, Bluefish, Bluefin and Yellowfin tuna, Oysters, Snapper, Striped Bass, Red Drum, Croaker, Sea Mullet, King Mackerel, and Wahoo[24] Late Spring and the beginning of summer is the favored time for top-water fish to move into the coastal waters near the Outer Banks, because of the warming waters and the increased visibility in the water[27] The top water fish can see baitfish easily due to the decrease in murky water[27] Plus they will start to migrate back North as the coastal waters to the south become too hot, the waters farther North will warm to their desired temperatures.[27] Yet, in the prime tourist season of the summer, fishermen and many tourists have plenty of game options such as blue Marlin, White Marlin, Dolphin, Wahoo, Cobia, King Mackerel, Bluefish, Tuna, Flounder, snapper, Grouper, Spanish Mackerel, Crabs, Soft Crabs, Shrimp, Spot, Croaker, Sailfish, and Sea Mullet.[20] By the fall, most tourists have started to leave, but fishermen are still out searching for Snapper, Channel Bass, Bluefish, King Mackerel, Grouper, Tuna, Oysters, Striped Bass, Sea Mullet, Spot, Clams, Speckled Trout, Flounder, and Shrimp.[20] The prime season for fall fishing is late September to October 23.[27] Though the water is more turbulent and murky due to the strong northeast prevailing winds, there is still some big game fish left.[27] Most of these fish are vacating back to the South for the warm waters.[20] This makes it a prime time for smaller bottom fish who love to feed in murky, colder water.[27]
Communities[edit]
Towns and communities along the Outer Banks include (listed from north to south):
Currituck Banks[edit]
Sandbridge (VA)
Carova Beach
Corolla
Knotts Island
Bodie Island[edit]
Sunset over the Currituck Sound in Duck (2009)
The Bodie Island Lighthouse (October 2008)
Duck
Southern Shores
Kitty Hawk
Kill Devil Hills
Nags Head
Roanoke Island[edit]
Manteo
Wanchese
Hatteras Island[edit]
Sunset over Avon
Rodanthe
Waves
Salvo
Avon
Buxton
Frisco
Hatteras
Ocracoke Island[edit]
Ocracoke
Core Banks[edit]
Portsmouth Island
Bogue Banks[edit]
Atlantic Beach
Pine Knoll Shores
Indian Beach
Salter Path
Emerald Isle
Parks[edit]
Jockey's Ridge State Park
Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge
Cape Hatteras National Seashore
Cape Lookout National Seashore
Currituck Heritage Park
Currituck National Wildlife Refuge
False Cape State Park
Fort Macon State Park
Fort Raleigh National Historic Site
Jockey's Ridge State Park
Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge
Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge
Wright Brothers National Memorial
Notable residents[edit]
Andy Griffith (1926–2012), actor[28]
Dennis Anderson, professional Monster Truck driver and creator of Grave Digger.
Edward Teach, (1680-1718) notorious English pirate, raided on the North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea.
Manteo (disappeared after 1587) influential figure in Croatoan Nation, ambassador to England and mediator.
See also[edit]
Crystal Coast (Southern Outer Banks)
Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks
Historic Albemarle Tour
Inner Banks
North Carolina Highway 12
Outer Banks Daredevils
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Campgrounds". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ See National Park Service: Fort Raleigh National Historic Site
Jump up ^ "Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to His Father Announcing Four Successful Flights, 1903 December 17". World Digital Library. 1903-12-17. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
Jump up ^ "Geography of North Carolina". NC State Board of Education.
Jump up ^ "Geography of North Carolina". www.ncpublicschools.org. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Jump up ^ "Library of Congress LCCN Permalink sh85096155". lccn.loc.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "North Carolina Gazetteer | NCpedia". ncpedia.org. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Outer Banks | island chain, United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Outer Banks Map - OuterBanks.com". www.outerbanks.com. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Corolla History". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Shoring Up N. Carolina Islands: A Losing Battle?". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Monkey Island Sabal Minor". Old Dominion University. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gary's Nursery". Gary Hollar. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Elizabethan Gardens - Outer Banks Attractions - Relaxing Vacation Activities". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "BACK BAY WILDLIFE REFUG, VIRGINIA - Climate Summary". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ OuterBanks.com https://www.outerbanks.com/first-settlers.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Graveyard of the Atlantic - North Carolina Digital History". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ D. Moore. (1997) "A General History of Blackbeard the Pirate, the Queen Anne's Revenge and the Adventure". In Tributaries, Volume VII, 1997. pp. 31–35. (North Carolina Maritime History Council)
Jump up ^ Dough, Wynne. "Yaupon". NCpedia. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Outer Banks Fishing". The Outer Banks of North Carolina. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Gloucester vs. Outer Banks". National Geographic Channel. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b [1]
^ Jump up to: a b "Fishing Opportunities in the Coastal Region of North Carolina". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Outer Banks in Winter". Field & Stream. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Outer Banks Charter Fishing". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "North Carolina's Ocean Piers". VisitNC.com. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Jonathan Finch. "Pier Fishing on the Outer Banks". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Vincent, Mal (February 17, 2008). "The real Andy Griffith lives among us, quietly". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved September 20, 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Outer Banks.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Outer Banks.
Outer Banks Visitors Bureau Dare county
College of The Albemarle
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Coordinates: 35°22′25″N 75°29′43″W / 35.37365°N 75.49530°W / 35.37365; -75.49530
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