text:
South African Bank Note Company
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
South African Bank Note Company
Industry
Printing
Founded
1958[1]
Headquarters
Pretoria, Gauteng
Products
Bank notes
Parent
South African Reserve Bank
Website
[1]
The South African Bank Note Company (SABN) is a South African security printing company responsible for the printing of the South African Rand. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the South African Reserve Bank.[1]
History[edit]
The South African Bank Note Company was established in 1958 as a result of a decision by the South African Government to print South African currency locally.[1] The South African Reserve Bank formed a joint venture with Bradbury Wilkinson and Company and commenced production from a factory in Pretoria. Bradbury Wilkinson and Company's shareholding was eventually taken over by the South African Reserve Bank.[1]
References[edit]
Citations
^ Jump up to: a b c d "South African Reserve Bank Subsidiaries". South African Reserve Bank. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_Bank_Note_Company&oldid=826996510"
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Companies of South Africa
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Gambling in New Jersey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Uptown section of Atlantic City, showing Showboat and The Taj Mahal casino (which closed in 2016)
Gambling in New Jersey includes casino gambling in Atlantic City, the New Jersey Lottery, horse racing, off-track betting, charity gambling, amusement games, and social gambling. New Jersey's gambling laws are among the least restrictive in the United States; legal, in-state online gambling was instituted in New Jersey in November 2013, and the state is challenging Nevada's grandfathered federal statutory monopoly on legal sports betting.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early era
1.2 Expansion of gambling
1.3 Sports betting
1.4 Online gambling
1.5 Expansion of casino gambling outside Atlantic City
2 Casino gambling
2.1 Current casinos
2.2 Renamed casinos
2.3 Closed casinos
2.4 Cancelled casinos
2.5 Online Casinos
3 New Jersey Lottery
3.1 Current games
3.2 Former games
4 Horse racing & off-track betting
4.1 Current racetracks
4.2 Current off-track betting halls
4.3 Former racetracks
5 Charity, amusement, and social gambling
6 Illegal gambling
7 Minimum age
8 See also
9 References
History[edit]
Early era[edit]
Early New Jersey lottery ticket, used to help finance the construction of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) in New Brunswick.
Gambling has a long legacy in New Jersey, with the state historically being more permissive of gambling than most other states. Until they were banned in 1844, lotteries were common in New Jersey. They were used to help pay for the military during the French and Indian War and American Revolution, and help finance the construction of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University).[1][2]
Freehold Raceway is the oldest racetrack in the United States, with horse racing having taken place there informally since the 1830s. The Monmouth County Agricultural Society was formed on December 17, 1853, and in 1854 they began holding an annual fair with harness racing at Freehold Raceway[3][4] Monmouth Park Racetrack opened in 1870. In 1894, the New Jersey Legislature banned parimutuel gambling,[5] and in 1897 the voters of New Jersey approved a referendum which amended the state constitution to ban all gambling (or possibly all commercial gambling).[6]
Expansion of gambling[edit]
From 1894 to 1939, all gambling was theoretically outlawed in New Jersey, but enforcement was spotty, and it is not clear whether social gambling was prohibited. Bookmaking, numbers games, and slot machines were common through the state, many churches and other non-profit organizations openly held bingos, and Freehold Raceway operated without interruption.[7] Racetrack gambling was re-legalized in 1939. In 1953, voters approved a referendum to officially allow non-profit organizations to have bingo and raffles. In 1959, amusement games were re-legalized after a 1957 court decision had declared them to be a form of illegal gambling.[8] In 1970, 81.5% of New Jersey voted in favor of a referendum creating the New Jersey Lottery,[1] and in 1975, New Jersey initiated the Pick-It (later renamed the Pick-3), the first legal lottery game in the United States where buyers could pick their own numbers.[9]
In 1974, New Jersey voters voted against legalizing casino gambling statewide, but two years later approved a new referendum which legalized casinos, but restricted them to Atlantic City.[10][11] At that time, Nevada was the only state with legal casino gambling. Resorts Atlantic City was the first casino to open in 1978.[12] As part of the state's budget showdown in 2006, gambling in Atlantic City's casinos and at racetracks in the state were forced to close after it was determined that the official monitors from the New Jersey Casino Control Commission were essential and New Jersey law stated that gambling establishments could not legally operate without state oversight. The closures cost the state an estimated $1.3 million in casino revenues in addition to the loss of state taxes collected on casino employee wages.[13]
Sports betting[edit]
In January 2012, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie signed legislation allowing sports betting in New Jersey after it was approved by a 2-to-1 margin in a voter referendum held in November 2011.[14] The law permits any of the state's 12 casinos and 4 racetracks to offer gambling on professional and college sports, but prohibits them from accepting bets on college events played in New Jersey, or out-of-state games involving New Jersey college teams.[15] The New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement subsequently issued regulations for sports betting.[16]
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League, and Major League Baseball filed a federal lawsuit against New Jersey to prevent sports betting, based on the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 which banned sports betting in all but four states.[17] In February 2013, United States District Court judge Michael A. Shipp ruled in favor of the athletic leagues, and barred New Jersey from issuing sports betting licenses. The court ruled that under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, the regulation of gambling and the granting of a grandfather clause to four states is within Congress's power.[18][19] In September 2013, a three-judge panel from the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals voted 2-1 to uphold Shipp's decision.[20][21][needs update] Christie said he will appeal the case to the United States Supreme Court.[22]
On June 27, 2017, the Supreme Court agreed to hear Christie v. NCAA.[23] The Supreme Court will likely hear oral arguments in the fall of 2017, with a decision in 2018.
Online gambling[edit]
In January 2011, the New Jersey Legislature passed a bill sponsored by Raymond Lesniak to allow online gambling by New Jersey residents over the age of 21.[24][25] Because the state constitution only allows casino gambling in Atlantic City,[26] the legislation specified that the computer servers operating the online gambling websites must be located at licensed casinos in Atlantic City.[24] The Lesniak bill evaded possible federal prohibitions against online gambling by authorizing the Casino Control Commission to create regulations to ensure that the bets were placed from inside New Jersey.[24][27] However, Governor Chris Christie vetoed the legislation because of concerns that "allowing customers to bet through any computer terminal left open the chance of commercial businesses such as nightclubs and cafes becoming gambling hubs around the state", and "the bill further created a legal fiction that a bet placed anywhere in New Jersey counted as an Atlantic City bet."[28]
In December 2011, the United States Justice Department issued a legal opinion that the Federal Wire Act only prohibited online sports betting, and not online casino games.[29] John Wefing, a constitutional scholar at Seton Hall Law School, told a state Assembly committee that he did not believe that a constitutional amendment was needed to authorize online gambling because "any online poker bet would not be completed until a server in Atlantic City accepted the wager,"[30] and "wagers are contracts, and the law recognizes that contracts occur where the final action needed to take place occurs."[31] However, State Senator Jennifer Beck has stated that online gambling cannot be legalized with the approval of New Jersey voters,[32] and several federal courts decisions have said that an online bet occurs in both the location of the website, and the location of the gambler.[33][34]
To address Christie's concerns, new legislation was drafted that prohibits businesses other than Atlantic City casinos from advertising online gambling, or allowing their facilities to be used for online gambling.[35][36] On February 26, 2013, a revised bill permitting Internet gambling was overwhelming approved by the New Jersey Legislature, and then signed into law by Chris Christie.[37] The law legalizes online casino gambling for a 10-year trial period, restricts the operation of the websites to Atlantic City's eleven casinos, and imposes a 15% tax on online gambling revenue, instead of the 8% currently imposed on casinos.[38][clarification needed]
The act requires that the gambler be at least 21 years old and play from a computer in New Jersey. The gambler's location will likely be verified through a global positioning system (GPS), and the bill allows interstate compacts to be signed in future in order to authorize multistate gambling.[38] Comps will be available, but will need to be redeemed by visiting the casino.[39] Macquarie Capital estimates that online gambling will provide Atlantic City's casino with $260 to $400 million in additional revenue per year.[40] The Casino Control Commission will create regulations for online gambling. It is unclear when online gambling licenses will be issued, or if there will be any legal challenges to the new law.[37]
Online casinos opened for business via a synchronized launch on November 21, 2013.[41] At launch, game options were limited, but by 2017, twelve separate online casino brands offered many hundreds of games including a wide variety that have been brought over from the traditional casino world.[42]
In June 2017, it was reported that the New Jersey online gambling industry surpassed over $100 Million in tax revenue.[43] The combined revenues of all online casinos in New Jersey now actually exceed the revenues of the three NJ brick & mortar casinos with the lowest revenue figures.[44]
Expansion of casino gambling outside Atlantic City[edit]
Main article: New Jersey Casino Expansion Amendment (2016)
The proposed New Jersey Casino Expansion Amendment resulted from an agreement among Gov. Chris Christie and Democratic state legislators. State legislators were in deadlock over who would be allowed to own new casinos and tax revenue sharing. The measure does not say where the casinos would be allowed. Location and other matters such as tax rates would be determined by enabling legislation to be passed by the state legislature. A law passed by popular vote in 1976 gives Atlantic City a monopoly on casino gambling in New Jersey.[45][46]
An analysis by Fitch, a credit-rating agency, determined that as many as four of Atlantic City's eight casinos would be bankrupted by expanding casino gambling outside the city. Supporters of gambling in North Jersey say that the measure would help Atlantic City by redirecting as much as $200 million a year in tax revenue to the city. Opponents say that it is unlikely that much revenue would be generated and that it would not make up for the losses due to new competition. In recent years four Atlantic City casinos have closed, causing severe economic problems.[47][48]
Casino gambling[edit]
New Jersey currently has seven casinos, all of which are located in Atlantic City. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes.[49] They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.
Current casinos[edit]
Casino
Opening Date
Theme
Hotel Rooms[50]
Section of Atlantic City
Bally's December 29, 1979 Modern 1,749 Midtown
Borgata July 2, 2003 Tuscany 2,767 Marina
Caesars June 26, 1979 Roman Empire 1,141 Midtown
Golden Nugget June 19, 1985 Gold Rush Era 727 Marina
Harrah's November 27, 1980 Marina Waterfront 2,590 Marina
Resorts May 28, 1978 Roaring Twenties 942 Uptown
Tropicana November 26, 1981 Old Havana 2,078 Downbeach
Wild Wild West* July 2, 1997 American Old West N/A (shared with Bally's) Midtown
The Wild Wild West Casino is officially part of Bally's, but is often considered by the public to be a separate casino.
Renamed casinos[edit]
Casino
[hide]Name Change
ACH Casino Resort Renamed Atlantic Club Casino Hotel
Atlantic City Hilton Renamed ACH Casino Resort
Bally's Grand Renamed The Grand
Brighton Casino Renamed Sands Atlantic City
Del Webb's Claridge Renamed Claridge
Golden Nugget (Original) Renamed Bally's Grand
Harrah's at Trump Plaza Renamed Trump Plaza
Playboy Hotel & Casino Permanent casino license denied; renamed Atlantis Casino
The Grand Renamed the Atlantic City Hilton
Trump's Castle Renamed Trump Marina
Trump Marina Renamed Golden Nugget
Revel Hotel Casino Closed; Renamed TEN
Closed casinos[edit]
Casino
Opening Date
Closing Date
Status of Property
Atlantis Casino April 14, 1981 October 3, 1999 License revoked; later became the Trump World's Fair
Atlantic Club December 12, 1980 January 13, 2014 Building and contents sold to Caesars Entertainment, Inc., slots and tables sold to Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City; currently uninhabited
The Claridge Casino and Hotel July 20, 1981 February 2014 Merged into Bally's, then Sold and Reopened as a non-casino hotel
Revel April 2, 2012 September 1, 2014 Building still standing; currently in redevelopment into Ocean Resort Casino
Sands August 31, 1980 November 11, 2006 Building demolished; currently "Atlantic: Wonder Park"
Showboat April 2, 1987 August 31, 2014 Reopened as a non-casino hotel/resort on 7/8/2016
Trump Plaza May 26, 1984 September 16, 2014 Building still standing; currently uninhabited
Trump World's Fair May 15, 1996 October 3, 1999 Building demolished; being redeveloped as BET Investments Boardwalk Development Project
Trump Taj Mahal April 2, 1990 October 10, 2016 Building still standing; Purchased by Hard Rock Hotel & Casino
Cancelled casinos[edit]
Casino
Status of property
Camelot Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Dunes Atlantic City Never completed; currently an empty lot
Hard Rock Casino Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Hilton (Original) Casino license denied; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Le Jardin Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Margaritaville Marina Casino Cancelled; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Mirage Atlantic City Cancelled; currently an empty lot
MGM Grand Atlantic City Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Penthouse Casino Never completed; current site of Trump Plaza's East Tower
Pinnacle Atlantic City Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Sahara Atlantic City Cancelled; currently a parking lot
Online Casinos[edit]
Online Brand
Land-based partner
Permit
Launch Date
888 Casino Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [51]
Betfair Golden Nugget NJIGP 15-002 November 21, 2013 [52]
Borgata Casino Borgata NJIGP 15-001 November 21, 2013 [53]
Caesars Casino Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [54]
Golden Nugget Casino Golden Nugget NJIGP 15-002 December 13, 2013 [55]
Harrah's Casino Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [54]
Mohegan Sun Resorts NJIGP 15-008 July 20, 2015 [56]
Pala Casino Borgata NJIGP 15-001 November 17, 2014 [57]
PartyPoker Borgata NJIGP 15-001 November 21, 2013 [58]
PokerStars Resorts NJIGP 15-008 March 16, 2016 [59]
PlayMGM Borgata NJIGP 15-001 August 1, 2017 [60]
Resorts Resorts NJIGP 15-008 February 26, 2015 [61]
Scores Casino Borgata NJIGP 15-001 July 31, 2017 [62]
SugarHouse Golden Nugget NJIGP 15-002 September 13, 2016 [63]
Tropicana Casino Tropicana NJIGP 15-005 November 21, 2013 [64]
Virgin Casino Tropicana NJIGP 15-005 January 24, 2014 [65]
WSOP.com Caesars NJIGP 15-007 November 21, 2013 [66]
New Jersey Lottery[edit]
Main article: New Jersey Lottery
New Jersey currently has 7 types of lottery games, which are sold by retailers around the state. The games are overseen by the New Jersey Lottery Commission, and the revenue is used to award prize winners (59%), raise money for education (34%), pay commissions to retailers (6%), and cover lottery administrative cost (1%).[67]
Current games[edit]
Game
First Sold
Frequency of Drawings
Pick-3 May 22, 1975 Twice daily
Pick-4 June 9, 1977 Twice daily
Cash 5 September 30, 1992 Once daily
Pick-6 May 9, 1980 Monday and Thursday
Mega Millions May 26, 1999 Tuesday and Friday
Powerball January 31, 2010 Wednesday and Saturday
Instant games (scratch-offs) June 17, 1975 Upon purchase
Former games[edit]
Game
Started
Ended
Lottery (original game) December 16, 1970
5-Digit Daily Game November 29, 1972 January 1, 1976
Lottery Bingo/Super Bingo February 6, 1980 July 29, 1981
Lucky 7 February 3, 1990 March 10, 1990
5-Card Lotto January 11, 1988 September 18, 1990
Lotzee June 14, 1998 September 13, 2003
Monopoly Millionaires' Club October 19, 2014 December 26, 2014
Horse racing & off-track betting[edit]
New Jersey currently has four racetracks and four off-track betting (OTB) halls, all of which are regulated by the New Jersey Racing Commission (an entity of the New Jersey Office of the Attorney General).[68] The state passed a law in 2013 permitting one horse race per year on a New Jersey beach, and Monmouth Park will be conducting a beach race in Atlantic City based on the Palio di Siena.[69][70]
Current racetracks[edit]
Racetrack
Opening Date
Town
Freehold Raceway 1830s (informally)
1854 (official) Freehold
Meadowlands Racetrack September 1, 1976 East Rutherford
Monmouth Park Racetrack July 30, 1870 Oceanport
Current off-track betting halls[edit]
OTB Hall
Opening Date
Town
Favorites at Gloucester Township July 2, 2014 Gloucester Township
Favorites at Toms River April 29, 2008 Toms River
Favorites at Vineland March 30, 2007 Vineland
Favorites at Woodbridge October 17, 2007 Fords
Winners Bayonne July 17, 2012 Bayonne
Former racetracks[edit]
Racetrack
Opening Date
Closing Date
Town
Atlantic City Race Course July 22, 1946 January 16, 2015 Mays Landing
Garden State Park Racetrack July 7, 1942 May 3, 2001 Cherry Hill
Charity, amusement, and social gambling[edit]
New Jersey allows non-profit organizations to run bingos and raffles.
The state of New Jersey allows charity gambling, where non-profit organizations (e.g., churches, fraternal organizations) to run bingos, raffles, casino nights, and armchair races.[71] Amusement parks, carnivals, and boardwalks in shore communities are allowed to have amusement games involving skill or chance (e.g., spinning wheels, skeeball).[72] Charity gambling and amusement games are regulated by the New Jersey Legalized Games of Chance Control Commission.
New Jersey permits social gambling (e.g., workplace football pool, a family poker game) insofar as the organizer of the game is on equal terms with the other participants, and does not take a cut of the gambling proceeds. Furthermore, it is never a criminal offense in New Jersey to be a player in a gambling operation.[73] However, the New Jersey Alcoholic Beverage Commission prohibits bars and other holder of liquor licenses from allowing social gambling.[74]
Illegal gambling[edit]
Each year billions of dollars of illegal gambling takes place in New Jersey.[75] Illegal gambling operations range from employees who make money on office sports betting pools to online poker websites to multimillion-dollar enterprises run by organized criminals.[76][77] Despite the availability of legal gambling in New Jersey, studies have shown that illegal gambling persists because it offers options that are not available legally (e.g., casino gambling outside of Atlantic City), and because some gamblers prefer using a bookmaker whom they personally know.[78] State law does not punish players, but a person operating an illegal gambling enterprise, or possessing equipment or records used for illegal gambling can face up to five years' imprisonment depending on the quantity and size of the bets.[79] However, illegal gambling arrests are rare in New Jersey, and there is presumption of non-incarceration for first-time offenders.[80][81]
Minimum age[edit]
A person must be 21 years of age to gamble at a casino in New Jersey.[82] It is legal for a minor to go to a casino, insofar as they do not gamble, consume alcoholic beverage, or remain on the gambling floor.[83] Underage gambling at a casino is a disorderly persons offense (misdemeanor), punishible by a $500–$1000 fine and a mandatory six-month driver's license suspension, and plea bargaining of underage gambling charges is prohibited.[84] The legal age for other forms of licensed gambling (e.g., lottery, horse race) is 18, but a person under 18 may take part in amusement games where the prize is an item (e.g., a stuffed animal), and not cash.[85] There is no minimum age for social gambling.
See also[edit]
Law of New Jersey
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "New Jersey lottery turns 40 with record $2.6B in revenue". Inside Jersey (Star-Ledger). November 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Richard Lehne (December 1988). "A contemporary review of legalized gambling in New Jersey". Rutgers University. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Jerry Cheslow (January 26, 1992). "If You're Thinking of Living in Freehold Borough". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Barbara Pepe (2003). Freehold: A Hometown History. Arcadia Publishing. p. 81.
Jump up ^ "History of Monmouth Park". Monmouth Park Racetrack.
Jump up ^ "Proposed Amendments to the Constitution" (PDF). Red Bank Register. September 22, 1897. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-26. No lottery shall be authorized by the legislature or otherwise in this State, and no ticket in any lottery shall be bought or sold within this State, nor shall pool-selling,
Jump up ^ "Capsule History of Freehold Raceway". Freehold Raceway.
Jump up ^ The Encyclopedia of New Jersey. Rutgers University. 2004. pp. 298–299.
Jump up ^ "'Pick your numbers' game to compete with illegal one" (PDF). Red Bank Register. May 9, 1975. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Casino gambling defeated by state and county voters" (PDF). Red Bank Register. November 6, 1974. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-12.
Jump up ^ "Casino gambling ok'd" (PDF). Red Bank Register. November 3, 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-22.
Jump up ^ "Holiday action: Inside casino" (PDF). Red Bank Register. May 28, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Casinos Close as Lawmakers Struggle to Reach Budget Deal", Fox News, July 5, 2006.
Jump up ^ Sarah Coffey (May 25, 2012). "N.J. Moves Towards Legal Sports Betting This Fall, in Time for NFL Season". National Law Review.
Jump up ^ Stacy Proebstle (May 25, 2012). "Sports Betting Coming to NJ Despite Fed Ban, Christie Says". New Jersey 101.5.
Jump up ^ "N.J. ready to issue sports betting licenses in January". Associated Press. October 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "4 major pro sports leagues, NCAA sue to stop N.J. from allowing betting". Star-Ledger. August 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Christopher J. Christie, No. 12-4749 (D.N.J. 2013)
Jump up ^ Christopher L. Soriano (March 1, 2013). "District Court Upholds PASPA, Enjoins NJ Sports Betting". Duane Morris (professional website).
Jump up ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Governor of the State of New Jersey, No. 13-1713 (3rd Cir. 2013)
Jump up ^ "Appeals court upholds ban on sports gambling in New Jersey, says US law trumps state statute". The Washington Post. September 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Matt Friedman (September 17, 2013). "Christie says N.J. will appeal sports betting case to U.S. Supreme Court". The Star-Ledger.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Brent; Salant, Jonathan (June 28, 2017). "U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear N.J. sports betting case". Star Ledger. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "N.J. Senate Bill No. 490 (2010)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Dan Cypra (January 11, 2011). "Intrastate Internet Gambling Bill Passes New Jersey Legislature". Poker News Daily.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Constitution, Article IV, Section VII, Paragraph 2D". Archived from the original on 2009-06-30.
Jump up ^ Fleisher, Lisa and Alexandra Berzon (March 4, 2011). "Internet Gambling Vetoed in New Jersey". Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Juliet and Donald Wittkowski (March 3, 2011). "Gov. Chris Christie vetoes online gambling bill, citing constitutional concerns". Press of Atlantic City.
Jump up ^ Edward Wyatt (December 24, 2011). "Ruling by Justice Dept. Opens a Door on Online Gambling". New York Times.
Jump up ^ John Brennan (March 12, 2012). "N.J. Legislature could bypass voters on online poker bill, expert testifies". Bergen Record.
Jump up ^ Derek Harper (July 17, 2012). "Expert tells Assembly committee Internet gambling acceptable under state constitution if servers are in Atlantic City". Press of Atlantic City.
Jump up ^ "Online Gambling Bill Passes New Jersey Senate Committee". Casino Connection Atlantic City. April 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "State of Missouri v. Coeur D'Alene Tribe, 164 F.3d 1102 (8th Cir., Jan. 6, 1999)".
Jump up ^ "Appeals court upholds Internet gambling ban". NBC News. September 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "N.J. Assembly Bill No. 2578 (2012)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ John Brennan (December 20, 2012). "N.J. Senate overwhelmingly OKs online casino gambling bill". Bergen Record.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan Hutchins (February 26, 2013). "Gov. Christie signs internet gambling into law". Star Ledger.
^ Jump up to: a b Suzette Parmley (February 26, 2013). "Christie signs bill legalizing online gambling". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Allows Online Betting Tied to Its Casinos such as Caesarscasino in Atlantic City". New York Times. February 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hoa Nguyen and Donald Wittkowski (February 27, 2013). "Christie signs Internet gambling bill after revisions by Legislature". Press of Atlantic City.
Jump up ^ "Looking Back On The History Of NJ Online Gambling Sites". Online Poker Report. 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "List Of Games At NJ Online Casinos - 2017". www.njonlinecasinos.com. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ Network, The PlayUSA. "New Jersey Surpasses $100 Million In Total Tax Revenue From Legal Online Gambling After Another Near-Record Month". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "How Do NJ's Online Casinos Compare To Atlantic City?". www.njonlinecasinos.com. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Voters Will Decide Casino Deal Where Atlantic City Loses". nbcphiladelphia.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Christie, N.J. Democrats Agree on Plan for Casino Ballot Measure". 11 January 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via www.bloomberg.com.
Jump up ^ King, Kate (4 June 2016). "Debate Heats Up Over Gambling for Northern New Jersey". Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via www.wsj.com.
Jump up ^ "Atlantic City Anxious About Gaming in Northern NJ, State Takeover of Finances - NJ Spotlight". www.njspotlight.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Commercial Casinos". American Gaming Association. Archived from the original on 2012-07-04.
Jump up ^ Jeffrey S. Chiesa (November 21, 2012). "DGE Announces 3rd Quarter 2012 Results" (PDF). State of New Jersey.
Jump up ^ "WSOP NEWS: CIE LAUNCHES THREE ONLINE CASINO WEBSITES FOR NEW JERSEY RESIDENTS AND VISITORS". www.wsop.com. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ Betfair. "Betfair Launches Its Betfaircasino.com Online Gaming Platform In New Jersey". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "The Borgata Gets NJ's First Internet Gambling Permit". Retrieved 2017-09-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Entertainment, Caesars Interactive. "Caesars Interactive Entertainment Launches Three Online Casino Websites for New Jersey Residents & Visitors". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ Nugget, Golden. "Golden Nugget Online Casino Now Available In New Jersey". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Mohegan Sun Rises (Virtually) On Atlantic City Boardwalk". Online Poker Report. 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Pala Poker NJ - Newest NJ Online Poker Site is PalaPoker.com". 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Online gaming groups licensed in New Jersey, speeding U.S. re-entry". tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "The Highlights From PokerStars' First Year In New Jersey". 2017-03-20. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "MGM Launches First Online Casino Ever To Carry Its Name In New Jersey". Online Poker Report. 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Resorts AC Online Casino Will Launch In February". Online Poker Report. 2015-02-18. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Room For Two? playMGM & Scores Join The NJ Online Gambling Market". Play NJ. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "NJ Gets A New Online Casino And Cracks Down On Offshore Ones". NJ Gambling Sites. 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Looking Back On The History Of NJ Online Gambling Sites". Online Poker Report. 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Virgin Casino Launches Its New Jersey Venture". www.businesswire.com. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "WSOP Launches in New Jersey". Bill's Poker Blog. 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
Jump up ^ "FY 2011 New Jersey Lottery Fiscal Year 2012 Revenue Distribution". New Jersey Lottery.
Jump up ^ "Off Track Wagering". New Jersey Racing Commission.
Jump up ^ "N.J. Assembly Bill No. 4149 (2013)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ John Brennan (September 12, 2013). "American Palio at Atlantic City beaches on verge of being official". Bergen Record. Archived from the original on 2014-07-26. The law authorizes the New Jersey Racing Commission to grant one beach horse racing permit per year. The permit can only be granted to a racetrack licensed by New Jersey, and the races cannot last more than two days.
Jump up ^ "Types of bingos, raffles, casino nights & armchair races". New Jersey Legalized Games of Chance Control Commission.
Jump up ^ "Types of certified games". New Jersey Legalized Games of Chance Control Commission.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Poker Laws". US Poker Sites.
Jump up ^ "Can bars, restaurants or other licensed establishments run betting pools for sporting events such as the Super Bowl?". New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control.
Jump up ^ Ari Weinberg (January 27, 2003). "The Case For Legal Sports Gambling". Forbes. It is estimated that $80 billion to $380 billion in illegal gambling takes place in the United States every years. State-by-state amounts are not available, but it is reasonable to assume that at least $1 billion in illegal gambling takes place every year in New Jersey.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey: South Brunswick: Football Pool". The New York Times. January 11, 2002.
Jump up ^ Rudy Larini (March 25, 2008). "45 arrested in illegal Bergen County gambling ring". Star Ledger.
Jump up ^ Sam Borden (March 29, 2012). "Neighborhood Bookies Putting Lines Online". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ New Jersey General Assembly. "N.J.S.A. 2C:37-1". Statutes of New Jersey. New Jersey. et seq.
Jump up ^ "2011 Uniform Crime Report: State and County Arrest Summary" (PDF). New Jersey State Police. There were 103 gambling arrests in New Jersey in 2011, 40 involving juveniles and 60 involving adults. The report does not break down gambling arrests by type, but most of the juvenile arrests are undoubtably for underage gambling rather than running a illegal gambling enterprise. Of New Jersey's 21 counties, eight had no gambling arrests in 2011.
Jump up ^ Travis Tormey (January 26, 2011). "Degrees of Crimes in New Jersey". Tormey Law Firm.
Jump up ^ New Jersey General Assembly. "N.J.S.A. 5:12-119". Statutes of New Jersey. New Jersey.
Jump up ^ Donald Wittkowski (December 21, 2011). "Atlantic City casinos target a new non-gambling market: Children". Press of Atlantic City.
Jump up ^ John Marshall (January 11, 2011). "Underage gambling charges in New Jersey". New Jersey Criminal Defense Law Blog.
Jump up ^ New Jersey General Assembly. "N.J.S.A. 5:8-59". Statutes of New Jersey. New Jersey.
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I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the current season, see I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4).
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Genre
Reality television
Created by
Granada Television (now part of ITV Studios)
Based on
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Presented by
Chris Brown
Julia Morris
Country of origin
Australia
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
108 (as of 15 February 2018)
Production
Location(s)
Kruger National Park,
in South Africa
Camera setup
Multiple-camera setup
Production company(s)
ITV Studios Australia
Release
Original network
Network Ten
Picture format
576i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
1 February 2015 – present
External links
Website
Production website
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (occasionally shortened to I'm a Celebrity) is an Australian reality television series on Network Ten which is based on the British television show of the same name.[1] The series sees celebrities living in the jungle with few creature comforts and compete in various challenges to earn meals and other luxuries. The celebrities compete for $100,000 to be donated to their chosen charity, excluding Shane Warne who was given permission to donate to his own pockets. The series is set in Kruger National Park, South Africa,[2][3] and is hosted by Julia Morris and Chris Brown.[4]
On 16 July 2015 the series was renewed for a second season,[5] which premiered on 31 January 2016.[6] The second season was accompanied by the companion series I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now!. It aired on Eleven following each episode of the main series, hosted by comedian and former season one contestant Joel Creasey and The Bachelor Australia 3 contestant Heather Maltman.[7] On 1 August 2016 the series was renewed for a third season with Morris and Brown returning as hosts,[8] which premiered on 29 January 2017. A fourth season commenced on 28 January 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
1.1 Tucker trials
1.2 Celebrity chest challenges
1.3 Secret mission
1.4 Mystery box
2 Production
2.1 Broadcast
2.2 The fallout zone
2.3 Public voting
3 Series overview
4 Series results
4.1 Season 1 (2015)
4.2 Season 2 (2016)
4.3 Season 3 (2017)
4.4 Season 4 (2018)
5 Ratings
6 Awards and nominations
7 Lawsuit
8 See also
9 References
Format[edit]
The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During their time in the jungle they are isolated from the outside world and are not commonly aware of outside events. The contestants compete for $100,000 to be donated to a charity of their choosing, in addition to being personally reimbursed for their participation.[9] While in the jungle, some of the contestants (generally voted by the viewing public) compete in challenges for food and luxuries for the camp. These challenges often involve local wildlife and are meant to take the contestants out of their comfort zone. Each week one or more of the contestants are evicted from the jungle, based on viewer votes. In addition, if the contestants become overwhelmed by their situation they can leave the series by speaking the phrase "I'm a celebrity get me out of here!". However, it is reported that if contestants do quit they will have their income for participating in the series markedly reduced.[10] Throughout the show, additional contestants (called "intruders") enter the competition; and beginning with season two, some contestants are only included temporarily (i.e. having a guest appearance).[11] In the end, a final viewer vote occurs to determine the winner of the series, who is given the title of "King and/or Queen of the Jungle".
Tucker trials[edit]
The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.
Celebrity chest challenges[edit]
Two or more celebrities are chosen to take part in the celebrity chest challenge to win luxuries for camp. Each challenge involves completing a task to win a chest to take back to camp. However, to win the luxury item in the chest, the campmates must correctly answer a question. If they fail to answer correctly, the luxury item is forfeited and a joke prize is won. The luxury item is "donated" by a celebrity from the outside.
Secret mission[edit]
This is a challenge where some celebrities have to take part without alerting the other celebrities - if they are successful in their 'missions', they are rewarded.
Mystery box[edit]
A mystery box sees a box delivered to the campsite, each time containing a different gift for the contestants.
Production[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The show is broadcast Monday to Thursday at 7.30 pm and on Sunday nights at 6:30 pm (for the weekly eviction show). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones.
The fallout zone[edit]
In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled The Fallout Zone but more commonly referred to as FOZ. The content of feed was available on the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran "The Butcher" Flannery, also known as "The C-Word". On 8 and 12 March 2015, producer Dominic "The Domin8or" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute conversation featuring a sound technician looking for Bob being picked up. On 5 March 2015 the show famously featured audio problems during which Mac and Flannery's voices fluctuated between chipmunk and Darth Vader filters for the first thirty minutes. The show's theme song is Highway to the Fallout Zone sung by Sam Mac. The show did not return for the second season.
Public voting[edit]
Throughout the show the public votes on who competes in the following tucker trial and who to evict from the campsite. Viewers can either vote via SMS (by texting the name of the celebrity) or vote via Social Media (namely Facebook or Twitter) by using the celebrity's hashtag (#celeb[name]). Voting via social media is limited to 20 votes per account. For tucker trial voting, viewers vote for celebrity they wish to complete. For eviction voting, viewers vote for a celebrity to stay. Voting closes at approximately 7:30pm AEDT for Sunday's eviction vote and at approximately 8pm AEDT for voting on other days.
Prior to the premiere of the second season, it was announced that the voting process would change slightly compared to the inaugural season. SMS voting wil be used for both trial and eviction voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia.[12] However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals.[13]
Series overview[edit]
Winners are crowned King or Queen of their respective year.
Key:
King of the Jungle
Queen of the Jungle
Season
Presenters
Start date
End date
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places
Winner
Second place
Third place
1
Chris Brown and Julia Morris 1 February 2015 (2015-02-01) 15 March 2015 (2015-03-15) 45 14 Freddie Flintoff Barry Hall Chrissie Swan
2
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31) 13 March 2016 (2016-03-13) 45 12 Brendan Fevola Paul Harragon Laurina Fleure
3
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29) 13 March 2017 (2017-03-13) 46 14 Casey Donovan Dane Swan Natalie Bassingthwaighte
4
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28) March 2018 (2018-03)
Series results[edit]
Key
Winner – King or Queen of the Jungle
Runner-up
Third place
Late arrival
Evicted
Withdrew
Season 1 (2015)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 1)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Freddie Flintoff England cricketer 17 45 Winner
Barry Hall Former AFL forward 1 45 Runner-up
Chrissie Swan Television & radio broadcaster 1 45 Third Place
Maureen McCormick The Brady Bunch actress 1 42 Evicted 11th
Joel Creasey Comedian 1 41 Evicted 10th
Anna Heinrich The Bachelor Australia star 10 41 Evicted 9th
Julie Goodwin Chef & cookbook author 17 40 Evicted 8th
Merv Hughes Former test match cricketer 1 39 Evicted 7th
Tyson Mayr Model 1 38 Evicted 6th
Andrew Daddo Television & radio presenter 1 31 Evicted 5th
Lauren Brant Hi-5 singer 1 24 Evicted 4th
Laura Dundovic Miss Universe Australia 2008 1 17 Evicted 3rd
Tim Robards The Bachelor Australia star 10 17 Evicted 2nd
Leisel Jones Olympic swimmer 1 10 Evicted 1st
Season 2 (2016)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 2)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Brendan Fevola AFL full-forward 1 45 Winner
Paul Harragon Former NRL prop forward 1 45 Runner-up
Laurina Fleure The Bachelor Australia 2 star 1 45 Third Place
Anthony Callea Singer-songwriter 1 42 Evicted 9th
Shane Warne Retired international cricketer 2 41 Evicted 8th
Havana Brown DJ 1 40 Evicted 7th
Jo Beth Taylor Television presenter 1 39 Evicted 6th
Val Lehman Prisoner actress 1 38 Evicted 5th
Dean Geyer Glee actor 1 31 Evicted 4th
Bonnie Lythgoe So You Think You Can Dance Australia judge 1 24 Evicted 3rd
Akmal Saleh Comedian 1 17 Evicted 2nd
Courtney Hancock Ironwoman 1 10 Evicted 1st
Season 3 (2017)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 3)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Casey Donovan Singer-songwriter (Australian Idol Winner) 1 46 Winner
Dane Swan AFL Legend 1 46 Runner-Up
Natalie Bassingthwaighte Singer & Actress 1 46 Third Place
Nazeem Hussain Comedian 1 45 Evicted 11th
Steve Price Radio Shock Jock 1 42 Evicted 10th
Lisa Curry Olympic Swimmer 1 41 Evicted 9th
Ash Pollard My Kitchen Rules contestant 1 40 Evicted 8th
Carson Kressley TV Personality 25 39 Evicted 7th
Tegan Martin Beauty Queen 1 38 Evicted 6th
Keira Maguire The Bachelor Australia 4 star 19 35 Evicted 5th
Kris Smith TV Personality & Model 2 35 Evicted 4th
Tziporah Malkah Former Model 2 31 Evicted 3rd
Jay Laga'aia Actor & Singer 1 24 Evicted 2nd
Tom Arnold Hollywood Actor 1 17 Evicted 1st
Season 4 (2018)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Paul Burrell Former Royal servant 17
Kerry Armstrong Actress 1
Josh Gibson AFL Player 1
Jackie Gillies Psychic & Reality TV Star 1
Danny Green Boxer 7
Simone Holtznagel Model 1
Shannon Noll Singer 1
Fiona O'Loughlin Comedian 1
Vicky Pattison Reality TV star 17
Peter Rowsthorn Actor & Comedian 1
Tiffany Darwish Singer 1 16 Evicted 1st
Anthony Mundine Boxer 2 12 Withdrew
Bernard Tomic Tennis Player 1 3 Withdrew
Ratings[edit]
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Source
Premiere date
Premiere viewers
(Opening Night)
Rank
Premiere viewers
(Welcome to the Jungle)
Rank
Finale date
Finale viewers
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale viewers
(Winner announced)
Rank
1
31 1 February 2015 (2015-02-01) 1.199 4 1.136 5 15 March 2015 (2015-03-15) 0.999 8 1.144 3 [14][15]
2
31 31 January 2016 (2016-01-31) 1.324 3 1.081 5 13 March 2016 (2016-03-13) 0.719 8 0.858 6 [16][17]
3
32 29 January 2017 (2017-01-29) 1.103 7 0.963 8 13 March 2017 0.989 6 1.056 2 [18][19]
4
TBC 28 January 2018 (2018-01-28) 1.274 4 1.108 5 TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC [20]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.
2016 Logie Awards of 2016 Best Reality Program I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Nominated [21]
2017 Logie Awards of 2017 Best Reality Program I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Nominated [22]
Lawsuit[edit]
In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Arnold claims that he was promised a payment of $425,000 and a comedy tour in Australia, however he was missing $140,000 in payment and that Network Ten backed out of the comedy tour.[23]
See also[edit]
Television in Australia portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "I'm a Celebrity heads to Oz". C21 Media. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Gusmaroli, Danielle (8 February 2015). "I'm A Celebrity I'm out Of Here! Olympian Liesel Jones is first star voted out of the south African jungle after opening up about her weight issues". Daily Mail Australia. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Kruger Welcomes I'm A Celebrity". CallSheet. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "TV jungle gets real for Channel 10 but are celebs in or out?". news.com.au. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (16 July 2015). "Renewed: I'm A Celebrity Get Me Out of Here". TV Tonight. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (10 January 2016). "Returning: I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here!". TV Tonight. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (19 November 2015). "TEN Upfronts 2016: Survivor, Jessica Marais, Anh Do -and Nigella!". TV Tonight. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "'m A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here! Is Back In 2017". Ten Play. Channel Ten. August 1, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Reines, Ros (2 February 2015). "I'm SO glad I turned down I'm A Celebrity... even though it paid '$30k per week'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (4 March 2015). "Contract clause 'penalty' for Celebrities who quit TEN's jungle". TV Tonight. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (28 December 2015). "Mark Waugh into TEN's jungle?". TV Tonight. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (28 January 2016). "I'm a Celebrity to switch-up viewer voting this year". TV Tonight. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (10 March 2016). "TEN U-turn on voting promise for I'm A Celebrity". TV Tonight. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (2 February 2015). "Sunday 1 February 2015". TV Tonight. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (16 March 2015). "Sunday 15 March 2015". TV Tonight. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 February 2016). "Sunday 31 January 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (14 March 2016). "Sunday 13 March 2016". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (30 January 2017). "Sunday 29 January 2017". TV Tonight. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (14 March 2017). "Monday 13 March 2017". TV Tonight. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (29 January 2018). "Sunday 28 January 2018". TV Tonight. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (3 April 2016). "Logie Awards 2016: nominations". TV Tonight. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (22 April 2017). "Logie Awards 2017: nominees". TV Tonight. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Cullins, Ashley (2017-06-15). "Tom Arnold Sues Australian Reality TV Network for Fraud". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
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40th parallel north
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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40°
40th parallel north
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The 40th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 1 minute during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 20 minutes during the winter solstice.[1] On 21 June, the maximum altitude of the sun is 73.83 degrees and 26.17 degrees on 21 December.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Around the world
2 United States
3 See also
4 References
Around the world[edit]
Starting in Spain at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:
Co-ordinates
Country, territory or sea
Notes
40°0′N 0°0′E / 40.000°N 0.000°E / 40.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian)
Spain
Valencian Community
40°0′N 0°2′E / 40.000°N 0.033°E / 40.000; 0.033 (Mediterranean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Passing just north of the island of Majorca, Spain
40°0′N 3°48′E / 40.000°N 3.800°E / 40.000; 3.800 (Spain)
Spain
Island of Menorca
40°0′N 4°13′E / 40.000°N 4.217°E / 40.000; 4.217 (Mediterranean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
40°0′N 8°24′E / 40.000°N 8.400°E / 40.000; 8.400 (Italy)
Italy
Island of Sardinia
40°0′N 9°42′E / 40.000°N 9.700°E / 40.000; 9.700 (Mediterranean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea
40°0′N 15°20′E / 40.000°N 15.333°E / 40.000; 15.333 (Italy)
Italy
Campania
40°0′N 15°26′E / 40.000°N 15.433°E / 40.000; 15.433 (Mediterranean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Gulf of Policastro
40°0′N 15°41′E / 40.000°N 15.683°E / 40.000; 15.683 (Italy)
Italy
Basilicata, Calabria
40°0′N 16°37′E / 40.000°N 16.617°E / 40.000; 16.617 (Mediterranean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Gulf of Taranto
40°0′N 18°0′E / 40.000°N 18.000°E / 40.000; 18.000 (Italy)
Italy
Apulia
40°0′N 18°25′E / 40.000°N 18.417°E / 40.000; 18.417 (Mediterranean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Strait of Otranto
40°0′N 19°53′E / 40.000°N 19.883°E / 40.000; 19.883 (Albania)
Albania
Passing just north of Sarandë and just south of Gjirokastër
40°0′N 20°23′E / 40.000°N 20.383°E / 40.000; 20.383 (Greece)
Greece
40°0′N 22°37′E / 40.000°N 22.617°E / 40.000; 22.617 (Aegean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
40°0′N 23°23′E / 40.000°N 23.383°E / 40.000; 23.383 (Greece)
Greece
Kassandra and Sithonia
40°0′N 24°0′E / 40.000°N 24.000°E / 40.000; 24.000 (Aegean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
40°0′N 25°6′E / 40.000°N 25.100°E / 40.000; 25.100 (Greece)
Greece
Island of Lemnos
40°0′N 25°26′E / 40.000°N 25.433°E / 40.000; 25.433 (Aegean Sea)
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
40°0′N 26°11′E / 40.000°N 26.183°E / 40.000; 26.183 (Turkey)
Turkey
Passing just north of Ankara
40°0′N 44°24′E / 40.000°N 44.400°E / 40.000; 44.400 (Armenia)
Armenia
40°0′N 45°36′E / 40.000°N 45.600°E / 40.000; 45.600 (Azerbaijan)
Azerbaijan
Passing through Nagorno-Karabakh
40°0′N 49°27′E / 40.000°N 49.450°E / 40.000; 49.450 (Caspian Sea)
Caspian Sea
40°0′N 52°46′E / 40.000°N 52.767°E / 40.000; 52.767 (Turkmenistan)
Turkmenistan
40°0′N 62°26′E / 40.000°N 62.433°E / 40.000; 62.433 (Uzbekistan)
Uzbekistan
40°0′N 68°48′E / 40.000°N 68.800°E / 40.000; 68.800 (Tajikistan)
Tajikistan
40°0′N 69°31′E / 40.000°N 69.517°E / 40.000; 69.517 (Kyrgyzstan)
Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 70°32′E / 40.000°N 70.533°E / 40.000; 70.533 (Tajikistan)
Tajikistan
For about 9 km
40°0′N 70°39′E / 40.000°N 70.650°E / 40.000; 70.650 (Kyrgyzstan)
Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 71°5′E / 40.000°N 71.083°E / 40.000; 71.083 (Uzbekistan)
Uzbekistan
Sokh exclave - for about 7 km
40°0′N 71°10′E / 40.000°N 71.167°E / 40.000; 71.167 (Kyrgyzstan)
Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 71°48′E / 40.000°N 71.800°E / 40.000; 71.800 (Uzbekistan)
Uzbekistan
Shohimardon exclave - for about 4 km
40°0′N 71°50′E / 40.000°N 71.833°E / 40.000; 71.833 (Kyrgyzstan)
Kyrgyzstan
40°0′N 73°58′E / 40.000°N 73.967°E / 40.000; 73.967 (China)
People's Republic of China
Xinjiang
Gansu
Inner Mongolia
Shanxi
Hebei
Beijing (passing just north of the city centre)
Hebei
Tianjin
Hebei
Liaoning (for about 8 km)
40°0′N 119°54′E / 40.000°N 119.900°E / 40.000; 119.900 (Yellow Sea)
Pacific Ocean
Liaodong Bay, Yellow Sea
40°0′N 121°53′E / 40.000°N 121.883°E / 40.000; 121.883 (China)
People's Republic of China
Liaoning (Liaodong Peninsula)
40°0′N 124°21′E / 40.000°N 124.350°E / 40.000; 124.350 (North Korea)
North Korea
North Pyeongan Province - Passing through Sinuiju
Jagang Province
South Hamgyeong Province - Passing just north of Hamheung
40°0′N 127°57′E / 40.000°N 127.950°E / 40.000; 127.950 (Sea of Japan)
Pacific Ocean
Sea of Japan
40°0′N 128°10′E / 40.000°N 128.167°E / 40.000; 128.167 (North Korea)
North Korea
Mayang Island
40°0′N 128°13′E / 40.000°N 128.217°E / 40.000; 128.217 (Sea of Japan)
Pacific Ocean
Sea of Japan
40°0′N 139°54′E / 40.000°N 139.900°E / 40.000; 139.900 (Japan)
Japan
Island of Honshū
— Akita Prefecture
— Iwate Prefecture
40°0′N 141°57′E / 40.000°N 141.950°E / 40.000; 141.950 (Pacific Ocean)
Pacific Ocean
40°0′N 124°1′W / 40.000°N 124.017°W / 40.000; -124.017 (United States)
United States
California
Nevada
Utah
Colorado
Nebraska / Kansas border
Missouri
Illinois
Indiana
Ohio
West Virginia
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
40°0′N 31°7′W / 40.000°N 31.117°W / 40.000; -31.117 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
Passing just north of Corvo Island, Azores, Portugal
40°0′N 8°55′W / 40.000°N 8.917°W / 40.000; -8.917 (Portugal)
Portugal
Passing near Pombal and Covilhã
40°0′N 6°51′W / 40.000°N 6.850°W / 40.000; -6.850 (Spain)
Spain
Extremadura
Castile-La Mancha
Community of Madrid - for about 10 km
Castile-La Mancha
Valencian Community - Rincón de Ademuz exclave, for about 4 km
Castile-La Mancha - for about 5 km
Aragon
Valencian Community
United States[edit]
The 40th parallel defines the border between Nebraska and Kansas.
Survey marker on the Kansas/Nebraska state line
The parallel 40° north forms the boundary between the states of Kansas and Nebraska. On 30 May 1854, the Kansas–Nebraska Act created the Territory of Kansas and the Territory of Nebraska divided by the parallel 40° north. Both territories were required to determine for themselves whether to permit slavery. Open conflict between free-state and pro-slavery forces in the Kansas Territory was one of the root causes of the American Civil War.
The parallel 40° north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland. A subsequent royal grant gave the Colony of Pennsylvania land north of the 40th parallel but mistakenly assumed it would intersect the Twelve Mile Circle, which it does not. Pennsylvania's border was thus unclear and the colony pushed for a border far south of the 40th parallel. The Mason–Dixon Line was drawn between 1763 and 1767 as the compromise boundary between the overlapping claims of these two colonies.
40th parallel marker at The Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio)
The parallel 40° north passes through the cities of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Columbus, Ohio; as well as northern suburbs of Indianapolis, Indiana and Denver, Colorado. The parallel goes directly through the John Glenn Columbus International Airport, with runway 10L-28R lying immediately north of the line, runway 10R-28L lying slightly south of it, and the line going through the northernmost edges of the terminal. It also passes through the main campus of The Ohio State University; specifically, it cuts directly across the Oval greenspace, between University Hall and the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library.
Baseline Road in Boulder, Colorado, traces the parallel 40° north.
Thistle, Utah, a ghost town since 1983, is slightly (30 seconds) below 40° north.
See also[edit]
40th parallel south
39th parallel north
41st parallel north
Baseline (surveying)
Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php
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