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Nuclear power in Germany
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The Grafenrheinfeld Nuclear Power Plant in Germany. Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition announced on 30 May 2011, that Germany’s 17 nuclear power stations will be shut down by 2022, in a policy reversal following Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.[1]
Nuclear power in Germany accounted for 17.7% of national electricity supply in 2011, compared to 22.4% in 2010.[2][3] German nuclear power began with research reactors in the 1950s and 1960s with the first commercial plant coming online in 1969. As of 2017, the share of nuclear power in the electricity sector in the country is decreasing following the decision of a complete nuclear phase-out by the next decade.
Nuclear power has been a topical political issue in recent decades, with continuing debates about when the technology should be phased out. The anti-nuclear movement in Germany has a long history dating back to the early 1970s, when large demonstrations prevented the construction of a nuclear plant at Wyhl. The topic received renewed attention at the start of 2007 due to the political impact of the Russia-Belarus energy dispute and in 2011 after the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan.[4] Within days of the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, large anti-nuclear protests occurred in Germany. Protests continued and, on 29 May 2011, Merkel's government announced that it would close all of its nuclear power plants by 2022.[5][6]
Eight of the seventeen operating reactors in Germany were permanently shut down following Fukushima. Chancellor Angela Merkel said the nuclear power phase-out, previously scheduled to go offline as late as 2036, would give Germany a competitive advantage in the renewable energy era, stating, "As the first big industrialized nation, we can achieve such a transformation toward efficient and renewable energies, with all the opportunities that brings for exports, developing new technologies and jobs". Merkel also pointed to Japan's "helplessness" – despite being an industrialized, technologically advanced nation – in the face of its nuclear disaster.[7]
German engineering giant Siemens announced a complete withdrawal from the nuclear industry in 2011, as a response to the Fukushima nuclear disaster.[8][9] Remaining nuclear companies in Germany are E.ON Kernkraft GmbH, Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy GmbH, RWE Power AG, and EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Operators
3 Construction companies
4 Accidents
5 Closures and phase-out
5.1 Nuclear waste liability buyout 2016
6 Role for coal and renewables
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
Germany, like most countries in the world, generates the majority of its electricity from traditional fossil fuel sources. Nuclear power was developing as a major source of generation until political pressure stopped its growth in the mid-1980s. Since then no new generating stations have been constructed.
Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany on 8 November 2008
The ruins of the incomplete Stendal NPP reactor building
German publications of the 1950s and 1960s contained criticism of some features of nuclear power including its safety. Nuclear waste disposal was widely recognized as a major problem, with concern publicly expressed as early as 1954. In 1964, one author went so far as to state "that the dangers and costs of the necessary final disposal of nuclear waste could possibly make it necessary to forego the development of nuclear energy".[10]
As in many industrialised countries, nuclear power in Germany was first developed in the late 1950s. Only a few experimental reactors went online before 1960, and an experimental nuclear power station in Kahl am Main opened in 1960. All of the German nuclear power plants that opened between 1960 and 1970 had a power output of less than 1,000 MW and have now all closed down. The first commercial nuclear power plant started operating in 1969. Obrigheim, the first grid station, operated until 2005. (Neckarwestheim.) A closed nuclear fuel cycle was planned, starting with mining operations in the Saarland and the Schwarzwald; uranium ore concentration, fuel rod filling production in Hanau; and reprocessing of the spent fuel in the never-built nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Wackersdorf. The radioactive waste was intended to be stored in a deep geological repository, as part of the Gorleben long-term storage project.
In the early 1960s there was a proposal to build a nuclear power station in West Berlin, but the project was dropped in 1962. Another attempt to site a reactor in a major city was made in 1967, when BASF planned to build a nuclear power station on its ground at Ludwigshafen, to supply process steam. Eventually the project was withdrawn by BASF.[10]
In the early 1970s, large public demonstrations prevented the construction of a nuclear plant at Wyhl. The Wyhl protests were an example of a local community challenging the nuclear industry through a strategy of direct action and civil disobedience. Police were accused of using unnecessarily violent means. Anti-nuclear success at Wyhl inspired nuclear opposition throughout Germany and elsewhere.[11]
The Rheinsberg Nuclear Power Plant was the first (mostly experimental) nuclear power plant in East Germany. It was of low power and operated from 1966 until 1990. The second to be commissioned, the Greifswald Nuclear Power Plant, was planned to house eight of the Russian 440 MW VVER-440 reactors. The first four went online between 1973 and 1979. Greifswald 5 operated for less than a month before it was closed, the other three were cancelled during different stages of their build-up. In 1990, during the German reunification, all nuclear power plants were closed due to the differences in safety standards.
The Stendal Nuclear Power Plant in East Germany, was to be the largest nuclear power station in Germany. After German reunification, and due to concerns about the Soviet design, construction was stopped and the power station was never completed. In the 1990s the three cooling towers which had been erected were demolished, and the area is an industrial estate today.
Operators[edit]
As of 2016[update] the nuclear power plant operators in Germany comprise:
E.ON Kernkraft GmbH
EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG
RWE Power AG
Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy GmbH
Construction companies[edit]
In September 2011, Siemens, which had been responsible for constructing all 17 of Germany's existing nuclear power plants, announced that it would exit the nuclear sector following the Fukushima disaster and the subsequent changes to German energy policy. It will no longer build nuclear power plants anywhere in the world. The company’s chairman, Peter Löscher, said that "Siemens was ending plans to cooperate with Rosatom, the Russian state-controlled nuclear power company, in the construction of dozens of nuclear plants throughout Russia over the coming two decades".[9][12] Peter Löscher has supported the German government's planned energy transition to renewable energy technologies, calling it a "project of the century" and saying Berlin's target of reaching 35% renewable energy sources by 2020 was feasible.[13]
An October 2016 story in the Süddeutsche Zeitung reports that Finnish operator TVO is calling on Siemens to take financial responsibility for the completion of Unit 3 of the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant in Finland, because its project partner, the French Areva Group, is being broken up by the French government. Unit 3 has a history of delays and its future profitability is in doubt.[14][15]
Accidents[edit]
Main article: Nuclear accidents by country
See also: Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
Nuclear power accidents in Germany[16][17]
Date
Location
Description
Cost (in 2006 US$ million)
4 May 1986 Hamm-Uentrop, West Germany Operator actions to dislodge damaged fuel elements at the thorium high-temperature reactor release excessive radiation to 4 km2 surrounding the facility 267
17 Dec 1987 Hesse, West Germany Stop valve fails at Biblis Nuclear Power Plant and contaminates local area 13
24 Nov 1989 Greifswald, East Germany A near core meltdown occurs at Greifswald Nuclear Power Plant. Three out of six cooling water pumps were switched off for a test. A fourth pump broke down and control of the reactor was lost; 10 fuel elements were damaged 443
Closures and phase-out[edit]
See also: Nuclear phase-out § Germany
Eight of the seventeen operating reactors in Germany were permanently shut down following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster
During the chancellorship of Gerhard Schröder, the social democratic-green government had decreed Germany's final retreat from using nuclear power by 2022, but the phase-out plan was initially delayed in late 2010, when during chancellorship of center-right Angela Merkel the coalition conservative-liberal government decreed a 12-year delay of the schedule.[18] This delay provoked protests, including a human chain of 50,000 from Stuttgart to the nearby nuclear plant in Neckarwestheim.[19] Anti-nuclear demonstrations on 12 March attracted 100,000 across Germany.[20]
On 14 March 2011, in response to the renewed concern about the use of nuclear energy the Fukushima incident raised in the German public and in light of upcoming elections in three German states, Merkel declared a 3-month moratorium on the reactor lifespan extension passed in 2010.[21] On 15 March, the German government announced that it would temporarily shut down 8 of its 17 reactors, i.e. all reactors that went online before 1981.[22] Former proponents of nuclear energy such as Angela Merkel, Guido Westerwelle, and Stefan Mappus have changed their positions,[23] yet 71% of the population believe that to be a tactical manoeuvre related to upcoming state elections.[24] In the largest anti-nuclear demonstration ever held in Germany, some 250,000 people protested on 26 March under the slogan "heed Fukushima – shut off all nuclear plants".[25]
On 30 May 2011, the German government announced a plan to shut all nuclear reactors by 2022.[26] Environment Minister Norbert Röttgen stated of the decision, "It's definite. The latest end for the last three nuclear power plants is 2022. There will be no clause for revision".[4] Prior to the decision, Germany's renewable energy sector already provided 17% of Germany's electricity and employed about 370,000.[7] The decision to phase-out nuclear power has been called the swiftest change of political course since unification.[27] Only a year earlier Angela Merkel's government overturned a decade-old decision to close all nuclear plants by 2022.[27]
Physicist Amory Lovins has said: "Chancellor Merkel was so shocked by Fukushima that she turned Germany’s energy focus from nuclear (of which she closed 41% and will close the rest within a decade) to efficiency and renewables. That’s supported by three-fourths of Germans and opposed by no political party".[28]
Merkel stated that Germany "[does not] only want to renounce nuclear energy by 2022, we also want to reduce our CO2 emissions by 40 percent and double our share of renewable energies, from about 17 percent today to then 35 percent". The chancellor noted the "helplessness" of Japan to manage the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Merkel asserted that Germany's energy policy would be safe, reliable, and independent from imports, with affordable prices for both consumers and industry. Increased investment in natural gas plants would provide a backup to ensure consistency for those times when the solar, wind and hydroelectric sources did not meet demand.[7]
At the time of the Japanese Fukushima disaster, Germany was getting just under a quarter of its electricity from nuclear power.[7] After the Fukushima disaster, the following eight German nuclear power reactors were declared permanently shut down on 6 August 2011: Biblis A and B, Brunsbuettel, Isar 1, Kruemmel, Neckarwestheim 1, Philippsburg 1 and Unterweser.[29]
Some German manufacturers and energy companies have criticized the phase-out plans, warning that Germany could face blackouts.[30] However, this did not happen.[31] Germany remained a net exporter of about 7016180000000000000♠5 TWh of power in 2011 after exporting 7016637200000000000♠17.7 TWh in 2010, according to data published by the energy utility association "AG Energiebilanzen" in February 2012.[32] Swedish Energy company Vattenfall went in front of the World Bank's International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) to seek compensation from the German government for the premature shut-down of its nuclear plants.[33][34]
On 5 December 2016, the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) ruled that the nuclear plant operators affected by the accelerated phase-out of nuclear power following the Fukushima disaster are eligible for "adequate" compensation. The court found that the nuclear exit was essentially constitutional but that the utilities are entitled to damages for the "good faith" investments they made in 2010. The utilities can now sue the German government under civil law. E.ON, RWE, and Vattenfall are expected to seek a total of €19 billion under separate suits.[35][36][37] Six cases were registered with courts in Germany, as of 7 December 2016[update].[38][39]
Nuclear waste liability buyout 2016[edit]
On 19 October 2016, the German cabinet (Bundeskabinett) finalized a deal with nuclear power plant operators E.ON, EnBW, RWE, and Vattenfall over long-term nuclear waste disposal. Under the agreement, the four operators are freed of responsibility for storing radioactive waste – that responsibility is instead transferred to the state. In return, the operators will pay a total of €17.4 billion into a state-administered fund to finance the interim and final storage of nuclear waste. They will also pay an additional "risk surcharge" of €6.2 billion (35.5%) to cover the eventuality that costs exceed current projections and that the interest accrued by the fund is lower than expected. The operators will be responsible for decommissioning and deconstructing their own nuclear power plants, as well as preparing their radioactive waste for final storage. Critics, including the German Renewable Energy Federation and BUND, claim the total of €23.6 billion would prove insufficient and that future taxpayers will carry the risk.[40] The draft law is available in German.[41] It is due to be enacted in early 2017.
Role for coal and renewables[edit]
Main articles: Electricity sector in Germany and Renewable energy in Germany
Since nuclear power generated almost a third of the electricity in Germany, many thought that the country would have to import energy as the nuclear phase-out progressed. At first, Germany was still selling more electricity than it bought, due to its renewable energy industry.[42] Renewable energy supplied a record 20.8% of Germany’s electricity in the first half of 2011, from wind power, solar power, biomass and hydro. Germany installed over 7,400 MW of solar in 2010 and another 7,000 MW will be added in 2011. Solar and wind capacity is expected to grow by 32% from 2012–2013. The surge in renewable energy is credited with driving down the price of electricity in Germany.[42]
Germany has combined the phase-out with an initiative for renewable energy and wants to increase the efficiency of fossil power plants in an effort to reduce the reliance on coal. According to the former German Minister for the Environment Jürgen Trittin, in 2020, this would cut carbon dioxide emissions by 40 percent compared with 1990 levels. Germany has become one of the leaders in the efforts to fulfill the Kyoto protocol. Critics of the German policy have called it a mistake to abandon nuclear power, claiming the only alternative to nuclear power was coal and abandoning nuclear power was therefore contradictory to the goal of lowering CO2 emissions.[43]
As a result of its efforts and subsidies, Germany has developed advanced non-conventional renewable energy for electricity generation, particularly in photovoltaic and wind turbine installations. At the same time, Germany continues to rely heavily on coal power, with usage increasing to offset the phase-out of nuclear energy.[44]
The German nuclear industry has insisted that its shutdown would cause major damage to the country's industrial base. In 2012, member firms of the Verband der Industriellen Energie- und Kraftwirtschaft (VIK) reported power failures of several seconds duration, combined with a rise in frequency fluctuations. These were reportedly caused by network overloads due to the shutdown of nuclear power plants, and an increase in wind power generation.[45] VIK also fear that industrial control units will be damaged by outages.
The cost of replacing Germany's nuclear power generation with renewable energy has been officially estimated by the German Ministry of Economics at about €0.01/kWh (about €55 billion for the next decade), on top of the €13 billion per year already devoted to subsidizing renewables. However, unofficial estimates of the ministry, and of the Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Economic Research (RWI), German Energy Agency (DENA), Federation of German Consumer Organizations (VZBV), and the government-owned development bank (KfW), put the cost several times higher, at about €250 billion ($340 B) over the next decade.[46][47]
In March 2013, the administrative court for the German state of Hesse ruled that a three-month closure imposed by the government on RWE's Biblis A and B reactors as an immediate response to Fukushima Daiichi accident was illegal.[48] The state ministry of the environment acted illegally in March 2011, when an order was issued for the immediate closure of the Biblis units. RWE complied with the decree by shutting Biblis-A immediately, however as the plants were in compliance with the relevant safety requirements, the German government had no legal grounds for shutting them. The court ruled that the closure notice was illegal because RWE had not been given sufficient opportunity to respond to the order.
See also[edit]
Germany portal
Nuclear technology portal
Energy portal
European Union portal
Anti-nuclear movement in Germany
Energy policy of the European Union
Energy in Germany
Energy transition
Energy transition in Germany
List of power stations in Germany
Nuclear energy policy
Nuclear power by country
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Annika Breidthardt (30 May 2011). "German government wants nuclear exit by 2022 at latest". Reuters.
Jump up ^ http://www.bdew.de/internet.nsf/id/DE_20111216-PI-Die-Verantwortung-waechst?open&ccm=900010020010
Jump up ^ Baetz, Juergen (15 October 2012). "Germans face hefty bill to end nuclear power". Associated Press. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Germany: Nuclear power plants to close by 2022". BBC. 30 May 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Caroline Jorant (July 2011). "The implications of Fukushima: The European perspective". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. p. 15.
Jump up ^ Knight, Ben (15 March 2011). "Merkel shuts down seven nuclear reactors". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Baetz, Juergen (30 May 2011). "Germany Decides to Abandon Nuclear Power by 2022". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ John Broder (10 October 2011). "The Year of Peril and Promise in Energy Production". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "Siemens to quit nuclear industry". BBC News. 18 September 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Wolfgang Rudig (1990). Anti-nuclear Movements: A World Survey of Opposition to Nuclear Energy, Longman, p. 63.
Jump up ^ Wolfgang Rudig (1990). Anti-nuclear Movements: A World Survey of Opposition to Nuclear Energy, Longman, pp. 130-135.
Jump up ^ John Broder (10 October 2011). "The Year of Peril and Promise in Energy Production". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Siemens to quit nuclear industry". BBC News. 18 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "How Siemens could become a nuclear company again". Clean Energy Wire (CLEW). Berlin, Germany. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
Jump up ^ Kläsgen, Michael; Büschemann, Karl-Heinz (25 October 2016). "Kernenergie: Wie Siemens doch wieder zum Atomkonzern werden könnte" [Nuclear power: How Siemens could become an nuclear enterprise again]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Munich, Germany. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
Jump up ^ Sovacool, Benjamin K. (August 2010). "A Critical Evaluation of Nuclear Power and Renewable Electricity in Asia". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 40 (3): 393–400. doi:10.1080/00472331003798350.
Jump up ^ Benjamin K. Sovacool (2009). The Accidental Century – Prominent Energy Accidents in the Last 100 Years
Jump up ^ "Germany Reconsiders Reactor Lifespan Extensions". Der Spiegel. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nuclear safety worries spread to Europe". Guardian UK. 12 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nuclear power? No thanks (again)". The Economist. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "AKW Neckarwestheim muss vom Netz". Der Spiegel (in German). 14 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Germany to shut down seven reactors temporarily". Hurriyet Daily News and Economic Review. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nuclear backlash forces Merkel to rethink energy policy". Germany: Deutsche Welle. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Umfrage: Wähler strafen Union für Atomkurs ab". Der Spiegel (in German). 23 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rekord-Demos in Deutschland. Atomstreit trifft Koalition mit voller Wucht". Der Spiegel (in German). 26 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "German govt wants nuclear exit by 2022 at latest". Reuters. 30 May 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "German Energy: Nuclear? Nein, danke". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited. 399 (8736): 38–40. 4–10 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Amory Lovins (2011). "Soft Energy Paths for the 21st Century".
Jump up ^ IAEA (2011 Highlights). "Power Reactor Information System". Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Nuclear Phaseout Is an 'Historic Moment'". Der Spiegel. 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Alexander Ochs (2012-03-16). "The End of the Atomic Dream: One Year After Fukushima, the Shortfalls of Nuclear Energy Are Clearer Than Ever". Worldwatch.
Jump up ^ http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/sechs-monate-akw-ausstieg-wie-deutschland-ohne-atomkraft-funktioniert-1.1275253
Jump up ^ http://corporate.vattenfall.com/press-and-media/news/2014/why-vattenfall-is-taking-germany-to-court/
Jump up ^ http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/vattenfall-klage-eu-unterstuetzt-deutschland-a-1054667.html
Jump up ^ "German utilities eligible for "adequate" nuclear exit compensation". Clean Energy Wire (CLEW). Berlin, Germany. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
Jump up ^ "The thirteenth amendment to the Atomic Energy Act is for the most part compatible with the Basic Law" (Press release). Karlsruhe, Germany: Bundesverfassungsgericht. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
Jump up ^ "German utilities win compensation for nuclear phaseout". Deutsche Welle (DW). Bonn, Germany. 5 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-06. Provides a history of the nuclear exit.
Jump up ^ "Nuclear plant operators continue lawsuits". Clean Energy Wire (CLEW). Berlin, German. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
Jump up ^ "Atomausstieg: Konzerne klagen weiter – auf Auskunft" [Nuclear exit: corporations sue further - for information]. Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Berlin, German. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
Jump up ^ Wettengel, Julian (19 October 2016). "German utilities buy out of nuclear waste liability for 23.6 bln euros". Clean Energy Wire (CLEW). Berlin, Germany. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
Jump up ^ Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Neuordnung der Verantwortung der kerntechnischen Entsorgung [Draft law for the reorganization of the responsibility of nuclear disposal] (PDF) (in German). Berlin, Germany: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). Retrieved 2016-10-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Germany's Shift to Renewables is Paying Off". SustainableBusiness.com. 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Germany split over green energy". BBC News. 25 February 2005. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
Jump up ^ Nelles, Roland (21 March 2007). "Germany Plans Boom in Coal Power Plants". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.aggbusiness.com/articles/business-news/companies-de-energised-by-blackouts-3456/
Jump up ^ Neubacher, Alexander (27 July 2011). "The Latte Fallacy: German Switch to Renewables Likely to Be Expensive". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
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Jump up ^ http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NP-Court_rules_Biblis_closure_unlawful-2802137.html
External links[edit]
German Reactor Safety Authority (GRS)
"Germany split over green energy", BBC
"Germany says auf Wiedersehen to nuclear power, guten Tag to renewables", Grist magazine, 12 August 2005
The German federal ministry of environment, nature conservation and reactor safety about the phase-out
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text:
Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
Single by Ed Bruce
from the album Ed Bruce
B-side
"It's Not What She's Done (It's What You Didn't Do)"[1]
Released
November 15, 1975
Format
7" single
Genre
Country
Length
3:08
Label
United Artists #732
Songwriter(s)
Ed Bruce
Patsy Bruce
Producer(s)
Lary Butler[2]
Ed Bruce singles chronology
"July, You're a Woman"
(1973) "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1975) "The Littlest Cowboy Rides Again"
(1976)
"July, You're a Woman"
(1973) "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1975) "The Littlest Cowboy Rides Again"
(1976)
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys" is a country music song first recorded by Ed Bruce, written by him and wife Patsy Bruce. His version of the song appears on his 1976 self-titled album for United Artists Records. In late 1975–early 1976, Bruce's rendition of the song went to number 15 on the Hot Country Singles charts. This song was featured on Chris LeDoux's album released January 20,1976, Songbook of the American West, and in the Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas video game soundtrack, on the fictitious radio station K-Rose.
Members of the Western Writers of America chose the song as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Content
2 Chart performance
3 Waylon Jennings/Willie Nelson version
3.1 Chart performance
4 Gibson/Miller Band version
5 Other versions
6 Popular culture
7 Chart performance
8 References
9 External links
Content[edit]
The narrator warns mothers not to let their children become cowboys because of the tough and busy life of cowboy culture.[4]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1975–1976)
Peak
position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[5] 15
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 36
Waylon Jennings/Willie Nelson version[edit]
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
Single by Waylon Jennings with Willie Nelson
from the album Waylon & Willie
B-side
"I Can Get Off on You"[6]
Released
January 1978
Format
7" single
Genre
Country
Length
2:31
Label
RCA
Songwriter(s)
Ed Bruce
Patsy Bruce
Producer(s)
Waylon Jennings
Willie Nelson
Waylon Jennings singles chronology
"The Wurlitzer Prize (I Don't Want to Get Over You)"
(1977) "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1978) "There Ain't No Good Chain Gang"
(1978)
"The Wurlitzer Prize (I Don't Want to Get Over You)"
(1977) "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1978) "There Ain't No Good Chain Gang"
(1978)
Willie Nelson singles chronology
"Something to Brag About"
(1977) Something to Brag About1977 "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1978) Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys1978 "If You Can Touch Her at All"
(1978) If You Can Touch Her at All1978
Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson covered the song on their 1978 duet album Waylon & Willie. This rendition peaked at No. 1 in March 1978, spending four weeks atop the country music charts. It also reached 42 on the Billboard Hot 100, and won the 1979 Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.[6] Also in 1979, Nelson's version was featured in the film The Electric Horseman with Robert Redford and Jane Fonda. This version was covered by Alvin and the Chipmunks as "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Chipmunks" for their 1981 album Urban Chipmunk. It is also featured in a 2015 TV commercial for the Volkswagen Passat.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1978)
Peak
position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[7] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[8] 42
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[9] 33
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 1
Canadian RPM Top Singles 57
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks 42
Gibson/Miller Band version[edit]
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
Single by Gibson/Miller Band
from the album Red, White & Blue Collar
B-side
"Johnny Get Your Gun"[10]
Released
1994
Format
CD single
Genre
Country
Length
3:27
Label
Epic
Songwriter(s)
Ed Bruce
Patsy Bruce
Producer(s)
Doug Johnson
Blue Miller
Gibson/Miller Band singles chronology
"Stone Cold Country"
(1994) "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1994) "Red, White and Blue Collar"
(1994)
"Stone Cold Country"
(1994) "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
(1994) "Red, White and Blue Collar"
(1994)
In 1994, country music group Gibson/Miller Band recorded a cover version on its album Red, White and Blue Collar. This version peaked at #49 on the Hot Country Songs chart, and was featured in the soundtrack for the movie The Cowboy Way.[10] It also appeared on the band's second and final studio album, Red, White and Blue Collar.
Other versions[edit]
A version of the song by Lukas Nelson and Shooter Jennings was used as the theme tune for Netflix comedy The Ranch.[11]
A version of the song was recorded by Lucinda Williams on the "Imus Ranch Record". a benefit compilation of country and roots music released Sept 16, 2008.
Popular culture[edit]
The song is referenced and subverted in the "Weird Al" Yankovic song Dare to Be Stupid, the title track on his album Dare to Be Stupid. The song, a pastiche parody of the band Devo, dares the listener to engage in several "stupid" acts, among them counting chickens before they hatch, selling wine before its time, and letting "babies grow up to be cowboys."[citation needed]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1994)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[12] 71
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[13] 49
Preceded by
"Don't Break the Heart That Loves You"
by Margo Smith Billboard Hot Country Singles number-one single
(Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson version)
March 4–25, 1978 Succeeded by
"Ready for the Times to Get Better"
by Crystal Gayle
Preceded by
"To Daddy"
by Emmylou Harris RPM Country Tracks number-one single
(Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson version)
March 18 – April 1, 1978 Succeeded by
"I Might as Well Believe (I'll Live Forever)"
by Carroll Baker
Preceded by
"Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)"
by Waylon Jennings Billboard Hot Country Singles number-one single of the year
(Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson version)
1978 Succeeded by
"I Just Fall in Love Again"
by Anne Murray
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 67. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ Billboard. Books.google.com. 1976-10-09. p. 43. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
Jump up ^ Western Writers of America (2010). "The Top 100 Western Songs". American Cowboy. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Randall, Alice; Carter Little; Courtney Little (2006). My Country Roots: The Ultimate MP3 Guide to America's Original Outsider Music. Thomas Nelson, Inc. p. 92. ISBN 1-59555-860-8.
Jump up ^ "Ed Bruce Chart History (Hot Country Songs)" Billboard.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, p. 209
Jump up ^ "Waylon Jennings Chart History (Hot Country Songs)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Waylon Jennings Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Waylon Jennings Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, p. 159
Jump up ^ "Netflix Series "The Ranch" Showcases Worthy Country & Roots Artists". savingcountrymusic.com. April 7, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 2548." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. August 1, 1994. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gibson/Miller Band Chart History (Hot Country Songs)" Billboard.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Ed Bruce
Albums
If I Could Just Go Home (1968)
Shades of Ed Bruce (1969)
Ed Bruce (1976)
The Tennessean (1977)
Cowboys & Dreamers (1978)
Ed Bruce (1980)
One to One (1981)
I Write It Down (1982)
You're Not Leaving Here Tonight (1983)
Home Coming (1984)
Tell'em I've Gone Crazy (1984)
Night Things (1986)
Puzzles (1965)
This Old Hat (2002)
Singles
"Last Train to Clarksville"
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
"Texas (When I Die)"
"The Man That Turned My Mama On"
"Girls, Women and Ladies"
"(When You Fall in Love) Everything's a Waltz"
"You're the Best Break This Old Heart Ever Had"
"Love's Found You and Me"
"Ever, Never Lovin' You"
"My First Taste of Texas"
"After All"
"You Turn Me On (Like a Radio)"
"Nights"
Related topics
Discography
Trey Bruce
Lynn Anderson
Bret Maverick
Fire Down Below
[show]
v
t
e
Waylon Jennings
Albums
Singles
Studio albums
Waylon at JD's
Folk-Country
Leavin' Town
Nashville Rebel
Waylon Sings Ol' Harlan
Love of the Common People
The One and Only
Hangin' On
Only the Greatest
Jewels
Just to Satisfy You
Waylon
Singer of Sad Songs
The Taker/Tulsa
Cedartown, Georgia
Good Hearted Woman
Ladies Love Outlaws
Lonesome, On'ry and Mean
Honky Tonk Heroes
This Time
The Ramblin' Man
Dreaming My Dreams
Are You Ready for the Country
Ol' Waylon
I've Always Been Crazy
What Goes Around Comes Around
Music Man
Black on Black
It's Only Rock + Roll
Waylon and Company
Never Could Toe the Mark
Turn the Page
Sweet Mother Texas
Will the Wolf Survive
Hangin' Tough
A Man Called Hoss
Full Circle
The Eagle
Too Dumb for New York City, Too Ugly for L.A.
Ol' Waylon Sings Ol' Hank
Cowboys, Sisters, Rascals & Dirt
Waymore's Blues (Part II)
Right for the Time
Closing In on the Fire
Waylon Forever
Goin' Down Rockin': The Last Recordings
Live albums
Waylon Live
Never Say Die: Live
Live from Austin, TX
Never Say Die: The Final Concert
Notable singles
1960s
"That's the Chance I'll Have to Take"
"Stop the World (And Let Me Off)"
"Anita, You're Dreaming"
"Time to Bum Again"
"(That's What You Get) For Lovin' Me"
"Green River"
"Mental Revenge"
"The Chokin' Kind"
"Walk On Out of My Mind"
"I Got You" with Anita Carter
"Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line"
"Yours Love"
"Something's Wrong in California"
"The Days of Sand and Shovels"
"Brown Eyed Handsome Man"
1970s
"Singer of Sad Songs"
"The Taker"
"(Don't Let the Sun Set on You) Tulsa"
"Mississippi Woman"
"Under Your Spell Again" with Jessi Colter
"Cedartown, Georgia"
"Good Hearted Woman"
"Sweet Dream Woman"
"Pretend I Never Happened"
"You Can Have Her"
"We Had It All"
"You Ask Me To"
"This Time"
"I'm a Ramblin' Man"
"Rainy Day Woman"
"Dreaming My Dreams with You"
"Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way"
"Bob Wills Is Still the King"
"Can't You See"
"Are You Ready for the Country"
"Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)"
"I've Always Been Crazy"
"Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand"
"Amanda"
"Come With Me"
"I Ain't Living Long Like This"
1980s – 1990s
"Clyde"
"Good Ol' Boys"
"Storms Never Last" with Jessi Colter
"Shine"
"Just to Satisfy You" with Willie Nelson
"Women Do Know How to Carry On"
"Lucille (You Won't Do Your Daddy's Will)"
"Breakin' Down"
"Hold On, I'm Comin'" with Jerry Reed
"The Conversation" with Hank Williams Jr.
"I May Be Used (But Baby I Ain't Used Up)"
"Never Could Toe the Mark"
"America"
"Waltz Me to Heaven"
"Drinkin' and Dreamin'"
"The Devil's on the Loose"
"Working Without a Net"
"Will the Wolf Survive"
"What You'll Do When I'm Gone"
"Rose in Paradise"
"Fallin' Out"
"My Rough and Rowdy Days"
"If Ole Hank Could Only See Us Now"
"How Much Is It Worth to Live in L.A."
"Which Way Do I Go (Now That I'm Gone)"
"Trouble Man"
"You Put the Soul in the Song"
"Wrong"
"Where Corn Don't Grow"
"What Bothers Me Most"
"The Eagle"
"Just Talkin'"
"Too Dumb for New York City"
"Wild Ones"
"I Know About Me Don't Know About You"
"Outlaw Shit"
Collaborations
Waylon & Willie
Albums: Waylon & Willie
WWII
Take It to the Limit
Clean Shirt
Super Hits
Singles: "The Wurlitzer Prize (I Don't Want to Get Over You)"
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay"
"Take It to the Limit"
"If I Can Find a Clean Shirt"
Other collaborations
Country-Folk with The Kimberlys
Leather and Lace with Jessi Colter
Heroes with Johnny Cash
Old 97's & Waylon Jennings with Old 97's
Collaboration singles
"MacArthur Park" with The Kimberlys
"Suspicious Minds" with Jessi Colter
"Good Hearted Woman" with Willie Nelson (Re-recording)
"Suspicious Minds" with Jessi Colter (Re-release from Wanted! The Outlaws)
"There Ain't No Good Chain Gang" with Johnny Cash
"Wish I Was Crazy Again" with Johnny Cash
"The Wild Side of Life/It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels" with Jessi Colter
"Leave Them Boys Alone" with Hank Williams Jr. and Ernest Tubb
"Even Cowgirls Get the Blues" with Johnny Cash
"Ballad of Forty Dollars" with Johnny Cash
"Somewhere Between Ragged and Right" with John Anderson
"High Ridin' Heroes" with David Lynn Jones
"One Good Love" with Neil Diamond
Compilations
The Best of Waylon Jennings
Don't Think Twice
Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town
Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line
Heartaches by the Number
Greatest Hits
Waylon's Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
The Best of Waylon
New Classic Waylon
Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line: The RCA Years
The Journey: Six Strings Away
The Journey: Destiny's Child
The Restless Kid: Live at JD's
20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Waylon Jennings
RCA Country Legends
Ultimate Waylon Jennings
16 Biggest Hits
Nashville Rebel
The Essential Waylon Jennings
Related
The Waylors
Outlaw country
Wanted! The Outlaws
"We Are the World"
The Highwaymen
Old Dogs
Jessi Colter
Waylon Albright "Shooter" Jennings
[show]
v
t
e
Willie Nelson singles discography
1950s
and
1960s
1957
"No Place For Me" / "Lumberjack"
1959
"Man With the Blues" / "The Storm Has Just Begun"
1960
"What a Way to Live" / "Misery Mansion"
"Nite Life" / "Rainy Day Blues"
1961
"The Part Where I Cry" / "Mr. Record Man"
1962
"Willingly" / "Chain of Love"
"Touch Me" / "Where My House Lives"
"Wake Me When It's Over" / "There's Gonna Be Love In My House"
"You Dream About Me" / "Is This My Destiny"
1963
"Half a Man" / "The Last Letter"
"Take My Word" / "Feed it a Memory"
1964
"How Long is Forever" / "You Took My Happy Away"
"Am I Blue" / "There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight"
"River Boy" / "Opportunity to Cry"
"I Never Cared For You" / "You Left Me (A Long Time Ago)"
"Pretty Paper" / "What A Merry Christmas This Could Be"
1965
"She's Not For You" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Healing Hands of Time" / "One Day at the Time"
"I Just Can't Let You Say Goodbye" / "And So Will You, My Love"
1966
"One In A Row" / "San Antonio Rose"
"Colombus Stockade Blues" / "He Sits at my Table"
"I'm Still Not Over You"/ "I Love You Because"
1967
"The Party's Over" / "Make Way for a Better Man"
"Blackjack County Chain" / "Some Other World"
"San Antonio" / "To Make a Long Story Short"
1968
"Little Things" / " Sweet Memories"
"Good Times" / "Where Do You Stand"
"Johnny One Time" / "She's Still Gone"
1969
"Bring Me Sunshine" / "Don't Say Love or Nothing"
"I Hope So" / "Right or Wrong"
1970s
1970
"Once More With Feeling" / "Who Do I Know in Dallas"
"Laying My Burdens Down" / "Truth Number One"
1971
"I'm a Memory" / "Fire and Rain"
"Yesterday's Wine" / "Me and Paul"
1972
"Words Don't Fit the Picture" / "A Moment"
1973
"Shotgun Willie" (mono) / "Sad Songs and Waltzes"
"Stay All Night (Stay a Little Longer)" / "Devil in a Sleepin' Bag"
1974
"I Still Can't Believe You're Gone" / "Heaven and Hell"
"Bloody Mary Morning" / "After the Fire is Gone"(with Tracy Nelson)
"Sister's Comin' Home" (mono) / "Pick Up The Tempo"
1975
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" / "Bandera"
1976
"Remember Me (When the Candle Lights Are Gleaming)" / "Time of the Preacher"
"I'd Have to Be Crazy" (mono) / "Amazing Grace"
"If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time" / "The Sound in Your Mind"
1977
"Uncloudy Day" / "Precious Memories"
"I Love You A Thousand Ways" / "Mom and Dad's Waltz"
1978
"Georgia on My Mind" / "On The Sunny Side Of The Street"
"Blue Skies" / "Moonlight in Vermont"
"All of Me" / "Unchained Melody"
1979
"Whiskey River" / "Under the Double Eagle"
"September Song" / "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"White Christmas" / "Blue Christmas"
1980s
1980
"Help Me Make It Through the Night" / "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33"
"My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" / "Rising Stars"
"Midnight Rider" / "So You Think You're A Cowboy"
"On the Road Again"/ "Jumpin' Cotton Eyed Joe"(performed by Johnny Gimble)
1981
"Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground" / "I Guess I've Come to Live Here in Your Eyes"
"Mona Lisa" / "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star"
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" / "Over the Rainbow"
"Heartaches of a Fool" / "Uncloudy Day"
1982
"Always on My Mind" / "The Party's Over"
"Let It Be Me" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning" / "Old Fords and a Natural Stone"
1983
"Little Old Fashioned Karma" / "Beer Barrel Polka"
"Why Do I Have to Choose" / "Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)"
"Take It to the Limit" / "Till I Gain Control Again"
"Without a Song"
1984
"City of New Orleans (Unedited version)" / "Why Are You Pickin' On Me"
1985
"Forgiving You Was Easy" / "You Wouldn't Cross the Street"
"Me and Paul" / "I Let My Mind Wander"
1986
"Living in the Promiseland" / "Bach Minuet in G"
"I'm Not Trying to Forget You" / "I've Got the Craziest Feeling"
1987
"Partners After All" / "Home Away From Home"
"Heart of Gold" / "So Much Like My Dad"
"Island in the Sea" / "There Is No Easy Way"
1988
"Nobody There But Me" / "Wake Me When It's Over"
"Spanish Eyes" (with Julio Iglesias) / "Ole Buttermilk Sky"
"Twilight Time" / "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"
1989
"Nothing I Can Do About It Now" / "If I Were a Painting"
"There You Are" / "Spirit"
"Is The Better Part Over" / "Mr. Record Man"
1990s
1990
"The Highway" / "Spirit"
"Ain't Necessarily So" / "I Never Cared For You" ("Ain't Necessarily So" also on CD Single)
1991
"The Piper Came Today" / "(I Don't Have a Reason) To Go To California Anymore" ("The Piper Came Today" also on CD Single)
"Ten With a Two" / "You Decide"
1993
"Graceland"
"Still is Still Moving to Me" / "Valentine"
1995
"Turn Me Loose and Let Me Swing"
1998
"I Never Cared for You"
2000s
and
2010s
2002
"Mendocino County Line" (with Lee Ann Womack) / "Maria (Shut Up and Kiss Me)" (Both single tracks released on CD and 7" record)
2003
"Wurlitzer Prize" (with Norah Jones)
"Beer for My Horses" (with Toby Keith)
2005
"I'm a Worried Man" (with Toots Hibbert)
"The Harder They Come"
2006
"You Don't Know Me"
"Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other"
2008
"Gravedigger"
"You Don't Think I'm Funny Anymore"
2011
"The Scientist"
2012
"Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die"
"Just Breathe"
"Come On Back Jesus"
2013
"From Here to the Moon and Back" (with Dolly Parton)
"Grandma's Hands" (with Mavis Staples)
"It Won't Be Long" (with The Secret Sisters)
"Somewhere Between" (with Loretta Lynn)
2014
"The Wall"
"Bring It On"
"Laws of Nature"
"Who'll Buy My Memories"
2015
"It's All Going to Pot"
Book:Willie Nelson
Category:Willie Nelson
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mammas_Don%27t_Let_Your_Babies_Grow_Up_to_Be_Cowboys&oldid=815378528"
Categories:
1975 songs
Waylon Jennings songs
Willie Nelson songs
Vocal duets
1975 singles
1978 singles
1994 singles
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles of the year
Ed Bruce songs
Gibson/Miller Band songs
RPM Country Tracks number-one singles
Songs written by Ed Bruce
United Artists Records singles
RCA Records singles
Epic Records singles
Music videos directed by Sherman Halsey
Song recordings produced by Doug Johnson (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Larry Butler (producer)
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs
Singlechart called without song
Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary
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Singlechart usages for Canadacountry
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