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Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
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The Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO), formerly known as the European Community Humanitarian Aid Office, is the European Commission's department for overseas humanitarian aid and for civil protection. It aims to save and preserve life, prevent and alleviate human suffering and safeguard the integrity and dignity of populations affected by natural disasters and man-made crises.[1]
In 2013 it provided €1.35 billion for emergency relief.[2] The European Union has been the second largest donor of humanitarian assistance since 2000. Together with its Member States, it is the world's biggest donor of humanitarian aid, providing over 50% of the total humanitarian aid in 2009.[3] ECHO-funded projects affect over 120 million people in 90 countries annually.
For its humanitarian interventions, ECHO does not implement assistance programmes itself; but funds operations through a wide range of around 200 partners (NGOs, UN agencies, and international organisations such as the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement).[4] In 2013, ECHO had 44 field offices in 39 countries, with 149 international humanitarian experts and 315 national staff members. The field offices provide up-to-date analysis of existing and forecasted needs in a given country or region, contribute to the development of intervention strategies and policy development, provide technical support to ECHO funded operations, and ensure adequate monitoring of these interventions and facilitate donor's coordination at field level.[5]
In addition to providing funding to humanitarian aid, ECHO is also in charge of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Established in 2001, the Mechanism fosters cooperation among national civil protection authorities across Europe. Currently 31 countries are members of the Mechanism; all 28 EU Member States in addition to Iceland, Norway, and the Republic of Macedonia. The Mechanism was set up to enable coordinated assistance from the participating states to victims of natural and man-made disasters in Europe and elsewhere.
After the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012, the Barroso Commission accepted the prize money on behalf of the EU and allocated it to a new initiative called Children of Peace. Approximately €2 million was set aside for the Children of Peace projects in 2013. It was increased to €4 million in 2014.[6]
Contents
1 History
2 Mandate and Principles
3 Legislation
4 Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)
5 EU Aid Volunteers
6 Budget
7 Strategy
8 Reform
9 European Parliament Report
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
The European Community Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO) was established in 1992 by the Second Delors Commission. Funding from the office affects over 120 million people in 90 countries annually. It spends €800 million a year of its initial budget on humanitarian projects through its over 200 partners (such as the Red Cross, Relief NGOs and UN agencies).[7] It claims a key focus is to make EU aid more effective and humanitarian.[8] With the European Community being abolished in 2009, the office began to be known as the Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department of the European Commission or European Union, but kept its ECHO abbreviation.
A special Eurobarometer survey on humanitarian aid conducted in 2010 reveals the high sense of solidarity among European citizens towards victims of conflict and natural disasters outside their borders, with eight out of 10 citizens thinking that "it is important that the EU funds humanitarian aid outside its borders". However, fewer than two out of 10 European citizens spontaneously name the EU, the European Commission and/or ECHO as an actor funding humanitarian aid.[9]
Mandate and Principles[edit]
ECHO's mandate is to provide emergency assistance and relief (in the form of goods and services) to victims of conflict and natural or man-made disasters outside the EU. Its mandate also extends to disaster prevention and post-crisis operations.
European humanitarian aid is based on the principles of humanity and solidarity therefore its implementation depends on the application of international law, and in particular international humanitarian law, and on the fundamental principles of impartiality, non-discrimination and neutrality. ECHO’s humanitarian actions are based on compliance with international law and the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence.Its implementation therefore depends on the application of international humanitarian law (IHL).[10]
Humanity means that human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable; neutrality means that humanitarian aid must not favour any side in an armed conflict or other dispute; impartiality means that humanitarian aid must be provided solely on the basis of need, without discrimination; and independence means the autonomy of humanitarian objectives from political, economic, military or other objectives.
In 2007, at the initiative of Commissioner Louis Michel, the European Commission adopted a "European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid" to constitute the first European political text of reference on humanitarian aid.[11] NGOs participated actively to the drafting of the European Consensus and it can be considered "the most comprehensive text and the nearest common position to NGOs".[12] The European Consensus reaffirms the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and independence. It also stipulates "humanitarian aid is not a management tool for crises management".
Although the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid was welcomed as a positive strong signal,[13] some NGOs expressed the wish that the success of the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid should be enhanced humanitarian response at field level and not merely enhanced rhetoric in Brussels. Amongst others, several NGOs called on the European Union to use its political influence to support humanitarian aid based on the mere principles of neutrality and impartiality and not on security agendas.[14] In 2012 ECHO developed the first revision of the Consensus since its establishment, highlighting a need for stronger partnerships through quality selection of partners and ensuring enhanced accountability towards citizens and stakeholders.[15]
The EU-funded, Partnership for Peace, aims to "strengthen the capacity for conflict resistance and empower marginalized parties as well to build trust between Israelis and Arabs by increasing regional cooperation."[16] In response to this, the Palestinian Non-Governmental Organizations' Network, a body representing 135 NGOs in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, condemned the demand for collaboration between Palestinian NGOs and Israeli NGOs, saying it was "an attempt to involve civil society organizations in nationally unacceptable normalization with the occupation and its institutions, giving the impression that normal relations exist between the occupation and the people living under occupation."[17]
In 2012, ECHO and other donors worked with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) to create the Transformative Agenda. Principles of humanitarian leadership, accountability and coordination were agreed upon to improve the rapidity, efficiency and effectiveness of humanitarian response. Additionally, civil protection was adopted as a part of ECHO's mandate to ensure better cooperation and protection during disaster among third and regional countries and international organisations.
Legislation[edit]
Since the Lisbon Treaty came into force, the EU's humanitarian aid action is ruled by Article 214 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union.[18] Humanitarian aid is a shared parallel competency: this means that the EU conducts an autonomous policy, which neither prevents the Member States from exercising their competences nor makes the EU's policy merely “complementary” to those of the Member States.[19]
Until then, humanitarian aid was based, by default, on Article 179 of the EC Treaty (development policy). It used to be part of the Commissioner for Development's portfolio, first Louis Michel and then Karel De Gucht during the first Barroso Commission. The Lisbon Treaty introduced, for the first time, humanitarian aid as a policy in its own right in the EC Treaty. Since 1 November 2014, humanitarian aid is managed by a dedicated Commissioner, Christos Stylianides.
As defined in article 214 TFEU, the EU's operations in the field of humanitarian aid are intended to provide ad hoc assistance and relief for people in third countries who are victims of natural or man-made disasters. Article 214 TFEU also reiterates the principles of humanitarian aid, these being respect for international law and the principles of impartiality, neutrality and independence.[20]
The Lisbon Treaty also introduces a European Voluntary Humanitarian Aid Corps (Article 214 of the Treaty on the functioning of the EU), which allows Europeans wishing to be directly involved in humanitarian action to join. EVHAC is now also called EU Aid Volunteers.[21]
Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)[edit]
Firefighting planes can be mobilized across participating countries.
The unit is part of ECHO and was set up to support a coordinated and quicker response to disasters both inside and outside Europe. The ERCC replaced and extended the functions of the former Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC).[22]
The centre is based in Brussels and tracks risks around the globe and around the clock with a small team of about 40 and a budget of €39 million. The required resources to respond are provided by the participating states - the EU28 plus Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia and Turkey. The centre is often using the EU's Copernicus earth observation programme to get high resolution maps of disaster areas.
The unit has had a role in coordinating responses to the 2014 Ebola epidemic outbreak in West Africa, the 2015 Nepal earthquake and numerous forest fires across Europe.[23]
EU Aid Volunteers[edit]
The European Commission set out an initiative to create more than 18,000 positions for EU citizens to volunteer worldwide in humanitarian situations between 2014-2020. The initiative trains volunteers together in a European training programme before deployment with certified humanitarian organisations.[24] Financial support, focusing on building up resilience and civil protection capacity, was agreed for five pilot projects involving approximately 150 volunteers in 2012.
The European Parliament (EP) voted in favour of the initiative in February 2014. Volunteer positions include deployment to EU-funded humanitarian operations around the world, working at humanitarian organisations inside the EU, or assisting operations online from home.[25]
NGOs taking part go through a certification process in order to ensure they comply with European standards for managing volunteers.
Budget[edit]
The European Union co-funds psychosocial support by the IAHV, Jordan at the Zaatari refugee camp for the Syrian refugees.
In 2013, ECHO's aid budget amounted to less than one percent of the entire EU budget. In addition, the European Commission used their Emergency aid reserve to respond to crises and unexpected disasters. The budget with reserve funds totaled €1.35 billion in 2013. As for humanitarian aid, ECHO provided humanitarian assistance to about 124 million people in 90 non-EU countries, of which 39 were designated as being in situation of crisis. As for civil protection, the civil protection mechanism was activated 36 times in 2013 for crises inside and outside the EU.
The largest share of funding is for food and nutrition (40%). Shelter (19%), the health and medical sector (including psychosocial support) (13%), Water and Sanitation (13%) and Protection (7%) are the other main areas of activities. ECHO allocated 3% of the 2013 budget to Disaster preparedness, decreased from 2012. Civil Protection represented 2% of the budget.
In 2013, 40% of the budget went to Africa and 18% to Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific, and 32% to the Middle East and Mediterranean.[26]
Some charities have claimed European governments have inflated the amount they have spent on aid by incorrectly including money spent on debt relief, foreign students and refugees. Under the de-inflated figures, the Union did not reach its internal aid target in 2006.[27]
Again in 2010, the EU did not reach its internal aid target: figures reveal that member states failed to hit the 0.56% collective target of gross national income for aid last year, a figure set in 2005. The target for 2015 is 0.7%.[28] In 2010, Netherlands (0.81%), Denmark (0.9%), Sweden (0.97%), Luxembourg (1.09%) and Norway (1.1%) were the only countries in the world that have met the ODA target of 0.7 of GNI.[29] There are no new reports available to evaluate aid targets after 2010.
However, development aid reached an historic high in 2010. Together with the aid given by member states individually, the EU is the largest aid donor in the world.[30] Of the €9.8 billion of humanitarian aid provided worldwide in 2010, some 41% was delivered by the EU.[31]
The adopted budget for 2014 has nearly €1 billion in commitments for humanitarian aid and civil protection.[32]
Strategy[edit]
The European Commission has a mandate to save and preserve life in emergency and immediate post-emergency situations, whether these are natural or man-made. Following these principles, the Commission is committed to preparing every year a Strategy document in order to co-ordinate and to programme activities efficiently and in an appropriate manner adopting an impartial approach based on needs.
In 2013, ECHO focused its humanitarian aid in nearly 90 countries. It identified the five largest humanitarian operations as the Sahel region of West Africa, including further response to the conflict in Mali (€82 million), Sudan and South Sudan (€80 million), the Democratic Republic of Congo (€54 million), Pakistan (€42 million) and Somalia (€40 million). 40% of the European Commission humanitarian assistance went to Sub-Saharan Africa.[33]
The reserve budget was utilised in order to respond to major humanitarian crises in Syria, Mali, the Sahel, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Myanmar, and the Philippines. ECHO also funds forgotten crises, such as in Bangladesh, Colombia, Yemen, Algeria, Pakistan, and Myanmar.
Reform[edit]
The former commissioner for aid, Louis Michel, had called for aid to be delivered more rapidly, to greater effect and on humanitarian principles.[30]
The appointment of a new commissioner with a portfolio for International cooperation, humanitarian aid and crisis response corresponds to articles 214 and 196 of the Treaty of Lisbon where Humanitarian aid and Civil Protection play a sustainable role. ECHO's official name was changed to Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. The transformation of ECHO and the movement of the Civil Protection unit from DG Environment to DG ECHO is a step forward for better cooperation and decision making in a field where rapid reaction is lifesaving.
Clare Short, former British International Development Secretary said the European Commission ran ‘the worst development agency in the world’ and branded its operations ‘an outrage and a disgrace’.[34] Since 2012, the Commission developed an action plan and guidelines on resilience and linking between relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD).[35]
The Commission passed new legislation in 2013 on the EU Civil Protection Mechanism which provides better coordination and support to improve effectiveness of prevention, preparation, and response systems during disasters. The legislation establishes a voluntary pool of pre-committed response capacities and materials, a training network for first responders, and a new approach for disaster risk management from 31 participating states.[36]
The EU Civil Protection Mechanism also established the opening of the new Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC), a civil protection 'hub' for monitoring disasters and enhancing preparedness and resilience of disaster-prone countries. The most recent use of the Civil Protection mechanism occurred during flooding in Bosnia Herzegovina and Serbia.[37]
European Parliament Report[edit]
The Committee on Development (CD) of the EP commissioned the Overseas Development Institute to undertake a project on the effectiveness of international development assistance from the European Commission in 2010.[38] The project focused on the cases of Cambodia, Mozambique and Peru. The findings and policy suggested can be summarized as follows:[38]
Harmonisation and alignment (H&A) is crucial for state capacity and should be expanded from sharing and spreading information to increasing joint activities in the short-term.
Donor harmonisation efforts need to be scaled up to include agreements on joint technical assistance and the streamlining of systems and procedures
Extremely fragmented aid systems impose unreasonably high transaction costs on the government, drains valuable resources, and fundamentally weakens state capacity.
EC procedures and structures remain highly complicated and bureaucratic.
Much of the success or failure of cooperation depends on individual interactions, specific innovators and appropriate staffing levels to carry out the tasks at hand, but the costs are also quite high.
Country Strategy Papers could improve aid effectiveness — but their quality is uneven.
Relations between HQ and delegations needs to be improved.
See also[edit]
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN)
Emergency management
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "About European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations - European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations - European Commission". European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. Retrieved 2017-10-20.
Jump up ^ ECHO Humanitarian Aid Factsheet 2013
Jump up ^ Global Humanitarian Assistance website
Jump up ^ European Parlement Factsheet on the European Union: Humanitarian Aid
Jump up ^ ECHO Field Network. ECHO, retrieved 29-07-14.
Jump up ^ EU dedicates its Nobel Peace Prize to Education projects for Children in Conflict. Retrieved 27-06-14.
Jump up ^ ECHO Annual Report 2012
Jump up ^ "Humanitarian aid and the European Union". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 2007-09-23.
Jump up ^ Eurobarometer survey on humanitarian aid: Europeans care – and endorse the Commission's mandate, European Commission. 2010-08-04. Retrieved 2012-01-13
Jump up ^ Summaries of the EU legislation
Jump up ^ Rapport sur la mise en oeuvre du consensus européen sur l'aide humanitaire, European Parliament, Retrieved 2012-01-16
Jump up ^ Pierre Salignon, "L'Europe humanitaire en question(s)", Humanitaire, 19 | Été 2008. 2009-10-23. Retrieved on 2012-01-16
Jump up ^ Statement of Angelo Gnaedinger, Director-General of ICRC to the European Parliament. 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2012-01-16
Jump up ^ Action on humanitarian aid speaks louder than words, Howard Mollett and Annie Street, European Voice. 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2012-01-16
Jump up ^ ECHO, Annual Report on the Implementation of the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid – 2012
Jump up ^ Middle East Peace Projects (Partnership for Peace)
Jump up ^ How dare you make us cooperate with Israel, Palestinian NGOs protest to EU
Jump up ^ Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, 2010-03-30
Jump up ^ Treaty of Lisbon: questions and answers
Jump up ^ European Parlement Factsheet on the European Union:Humanitarian aid
Jump up ^ European Voluntary Humanitarian Aid Corps, Official Journal of the European Union, 2014-02-22, retrieved September 27, 2016
Jump up ^ "Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)". ec.europa.eu/echo.
Jump up ^ "Europe to the rescue! Emergency response team's global mission". www.politico.eu.
Jump up ^ EU Aid Volunteers
Jump up ^ New EU aid volunteers program to make a 'concrete, positive difference', Richard Jones, Devex, 2014-02-26
Jump up ^ ECHO,ECHO 2013 Annual Report. Retrieved 2014-09-02.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Jerome (2007-05-11). "EU accused of artificially inflating its aid figures". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
Jump up ^ EU misses its aid target for 2010, Liz Ford, The Guardian. 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2012-01-16
Jump up ^ [1]. See also the UN Millennium Project
^ Jump up to: a b "Commission calls for a European consensus to boost impact of humanitarian aid". European Commission. 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
Jump up ^ ECHO ECHO's finances Archived 2013-07-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ ECHO, Humanitarian aid and civil protection – 2014 Adopted budget
Jump up ^ Where the European Commission's humanitarian aid will go in 2013, 10-01-2013. Retrieved 27-06-2014.
Jump up ^ How your money is squandered on foreign aid
Jump up ^ European Commission, 2012,Annual Report on the European Union's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Policies and their Implementation in 2012. Retrieved 27-06-14.
Jump up ^ Trend, Eastern Partnership countries to gather for civil protection meeting, 10-06-14. Retrieved 27-06-14.
Jump up ^ [EU Civil Protection http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/thematic/civil_protection_en.pdf] Retrieved 23-07-2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Alina Rocha Menocal (2010) How effective is European Commission aid on the ground? Overseas Development Institute
External links[edit]
ECHO Website ec.europa.eu
European Solidarity in Action: an interactive page on ECHO's activities 2010-2014 ec.europa.eu
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Overseas interventions of the European Union1
See also: Operations of the European Border and Coast Guard · Exercises of the Western Union · Operations of the European Maritime Force · Operations of the European Rapid Operational Force · Missions of the European Gendarmerie Force · Exercises of the European Maritime Force · Operations of the European Corps
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1: Conducted by the Western European Union prior to 2003. These missions were not named using conventional prefixes such as EUFOR, EUNAVFOR etc.
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See also: Treaties of the European Union
Treaty of Dunkirk (1947)
Treaty of Brussels (1948)
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Treaty establishing the European Defence Community (signed 1952, unratified)
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Jane the Virgin (season 4)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Jane the Virgin (season 4)
Starring
Gina Rodriguez
Andrea Navedo
Yael Grobglas
Justin Baldoni
Ivonne Coll
Elias Janssen
Jaime Camil
Anthony Mendez
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
17
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) – April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 3
Next →
Season 5
List of Jane the Virgin episodes
The fourth season of Jane the Virgin aired on The CW from October 13, 2017 to April 20, 2018. The season consisted of 17 episodes and stars Gina Rodriguez as a young Latina university student accidentally artificially inseminated with sperm from her boss, Rafael Solano (Justin Baldoni). In this season, Jane deals with her romantic feelings for Rafael while reuniting with an ex-boyfriend while Rafael loses ownership of the Marbella and gets back together with his ex-wife, Petra Solano (Yael Grobglas). Also, Rogelio de la Vega (Jaime Camil), Jane's father, is expecting a baby with an ex-girlfriend and marries Jane's mother, Xiomara Villanueva (Andrea Navedo).
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Special Guest Star
1.4 Guest
2 Episodes
3 Ratings
4 References
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Gina Rodriguez as Jane Gloriana Villanueva
Andrea Navedo as Xiomara "Xo" Gloriana de la Vega
Yael Grobglas as Petra Solano/Anezka Archuletta
Justin Baldoni as Rafael Solano
Ivonne Coll as Alba Gloriana Garcia
Elias Janssen as Mateo Gloriano Rogelio Solano Villanueva
Jaime Camil as Rogelio de la Vega
Anthony Mendez as the Latin Lover Narrator (voice over)
Recurring[edit]
Tyler Posey as Adam Alvaro
Yara Martinez as Dr. Luisa Alver
Justina Machado as Darci Factor
Bridget Regan as Rose Solano
Priscilla Barnes as Magda
Shelly Bhalla as Krishna
Rosario Dawson as Jane "J.R." Ramos
Alfonso DiLuca as Jorge Garcia
Special Guest Star[edit]
Brooke Shields as River Fields
Guest[edit]
Francisco San Martin as Fabian Regalo del Cielo
Diane Guerrero as Lina Santillan
Sharon Osbourne as herself
Julie Chen as herself
Sara Gilbert as herself
Sheryl Underwood as herself
Eve as herself
Melanie Mayron as Marlene Donaldson
Eva Longoria as herself
Adam Rodriguez as Jonathan Chavez
Amy Brenneman as Donna
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Jane the Virgin episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
65
1 "Chapter Sixty-Five" Brad Silberling Jennie Snyder Urman & Paul Sciarrotta October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) 0.68[1]
Picking up immediately after where Season 3 left off, Jane is reunited with her first love, Adam, who found the love letter that Michael wrote. She is surprised, but happy, to see him. However, both Xo and Alba are less thrilled that he is back. Meanwhile, Rafael loses ownership of the hotel to his sister and as a result, he finds himself living at Jane's house, broke and homeless. Jane and Rafael learn that the missing Petra has been found after she got away from Anezka and they rush to her side, but Anezka is nowhere to be found. When Petra returns to the hotel, Luisa thinks that Petra is Anezka. Petra goes along with the game, until the real Anezka returns. Elsewhere, Xo and Rogelio's married life is interrupted when they confront the realization that Darci is having Rogelio's baby and she wants full custody.
66
2 "Chapter Sixty-Six" Gina Lamar Valentina Garza & Jessica O'Toole & Amy Rardin October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20) 0.61[2]
Jane's relationship with Adam helps bring out her "fun side" and reminds her that she isn't just a mom. However, when Adam gets a job opportunity out of state, he asks for Jane's opinion on if he should stay or go. Meanwhile, Rogelio continues to face issues with his co-star at work and things are about to get even worse. Xo is helping to take care of Darci to prove that Rogelio is committed to being a father to the baby. Also, Petra and Rafael begin working together to try and buy back the hotel from Luisa, but they are running into trouble involving Anezka, causing tension between them.
67
3 "Chapter Sixty-Seven" Fernando Sariñana Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27) 0.60[3]
Jane and Adam's relationship seems to be moving on, and Jane thinks that it might be time for him to meet her son Mateo, but Rafael is not happy with this idea. Meanwhile, as the arrival of Darci's baby approaches, Rogelio's jealously of her new boyfriend increases as well. Trying to be supportive, Xo encourages Rogelio to step up and be the father he was meant to be. Elsewhere, Rafael is determined to get his hotel and life back from Luisa and will do whatever he has to do to make it happen, with or without Petra's help. At the same time, Luisa begins seeing visions of a certain 'Carl' who may or may not be real.
68
4 "Chapter Sixty-Eight" Gina Lamar Deirdre Shaw & Chantelle M. Wells November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03) 0.69[4]
Jane becomes angry when she learns that Rafael introduced Mateo to his new girlfriend, Katherine, without her consent because she thinks Katherine is a negative influence on both Rafael and Mateo. Jane turns to Petra for help with the situation. Meanwhile, Rogelio and Darci struggle to choose a name for the baby. Elsewhere, Xo, who is focused on opening her own dance studio, decides to go into business with an unlikely foe.
69
5 "Chapter Sixty-Nine" Stuart Gillard Paul Sciarrotta November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10) 0.65[5]
After Adam reveals his dating past to Jane, she becomes so unsure and insecure that it puts a strain on their relationship. Meanwhile, Lina seeks Jane's advice about whether she should get married or not. Petra hears some important information that could help Rafael get the hotel back. Also, Xo asks Rogelio to consider having a medical procedure (vasectomy) done, but he is very hesitant.
70
6 "Chapter Seventy" Melanie Mayron Carolina Rivera & Micah Schraft November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17) 0.61[6]
Jane's book is finally being released but her plans to have a party at the local bookshop where she was inspired to be a writer hit a snag when the bookshop is in danger of closing for good. Always wanting to help Jane, Rogelio devises a plan to save the day, but one of his arch-rivals threatens to ruin the day. Meanwhile, Rafael gets a new job, but it is not exactly what he was hoping for. Adam tells Jane that he has decided to move to California to take a new job, leading her to break up with him. Also, Petra has come up with an interesting strategy to get the Marbella Hotel back from her mother and Anezka, but Rafael wants nothing to do with the scheme.
71
7 "Chapter Seventy-One" Micah Schraft Valentina Garza & Deidre Shaw December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) 0.65[7]
Anezka is revealed to have faked her death to see where her loyalties lie; initially, she trusts Petra after believing she saw her cry, but after finding out she wasn't crying because of her fake death, she threatens Petra. Later, Anezka falls from Petra's apartment to her death... for real. Meanwhile, Xiomara and Jane set off on Jane's book tour, when Alba decides to tag along. Jane's mental state over her breakup with Adam threatens to derail the reading event. After they get back to Miami, Jane and Rafael share a kiss.
72
8 "Chapter Seventy-Two" Melanie Mayron Carolina Rivera & Paul Sciarrotta January 26, 2018 (2018-01-26) 0.68[8]
Mateo starts kindergarten and invites a friend over to Xiomara and Rogelio's house. Jane and Rafael try to cover up that they are pretending to live in their house so they don't get kicked out. Jane and Rafael show mixed emotions following the kiss and try again, which Mateo notices. He then proclaims: "Does this mean you're going to get married?" After Xo convinces Rogelio to attend couples therapy, they both are surprised by their emotions. Meanwhile, Petra hires a lawyer named Jane Ramos (Rosario Dawson), to ensure she gets no charges pending Anezka's death. Also, Rafael moves out of Jane's house into his new apartment. Rafael also gets angry when he learns that Luisa has left the mental hospital where he left her and that Petra knew that her brother and Anezka plotted to drive Luisa insane to claim the hotel for themselves.
73
9 "Chapter Seventy-Three" Eric Lea Valentina Garza & Chantelle M. Wells February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02) 0.67[9]
When Jane and Rafael finally realize that the uncertain state of their relationship (or lack of it) is stressing out Mateo, they decide that they need to make a decision. Meanwhile, Petra is on the outs with Jane and Rafael after the Luisa fiasco, so she tries to figure out a way to get back into their good graces. It is also revealed that Petra's lawyer Jane Ramos ("J.R.") has a hidden agenda to helping Petra. Elsewhere, Rogelio and Xo are both contemplating their career choices.
74
10 "Chapter Seventy-Four" Gina Rodriguez Micah Schraft & Paul Sciarrotta February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09) 0.80[10]
Jane and Rafael try to be friends, which works great until Jane goes on a date. Meanwhile, Petra and Jane's new partnership is off to a rocky start, but they both know they have to find a way to work together somehow. Rogelio is convinced he has male post-partum depression, which puts him at odds with with celebrity Post-Partum Advocate River Fields (guest star Brooke Shields) on The Talk. Also, Alba finally confides in Jane why she turned down the marriage proposal from Jorge, leaving Jane to help Alba in the romance department when Jane takes Alba to a sex store and buys her a vibrator. Elsewhere, Jane and Rafael agree to have sex, and Petra questions her own sexual identity when she starts to have sex dreams about Jane "J.R." Ramos after the lawyer begins flirting with her.
75
11 "Chapter Seventy-Five" Gina Lamar Merigan Mulhern March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02) 0.59[11]
Jane is ready to move on from the Marbella Hotel issues and pursue writing full time, but an unexpected development forces her to consider returning to her teaching roots. Xiomara decides to go back to school where she listens in on an art history class, while Jane teaches a seminar about writing. Here, Jane finds out Jonathan Chavez, her former advisor, is taking advantage of another student of his. While trying to warn the student, Jane accidentally grabs her breasts to avoid falling over and, as a result, doesn't get the teaching job she was applying for. Meanwhile, Petra gets arrested for Anezka's murder due to the blackmailer planting the screws in her apartment, leading Jane Ramos to tell Petra that she was framing her because she was being threatened by an unknown blackmailer who was threatening J.R.'s mother who is residing in a hospice. Also, Rafael and Jane continue their affair. Elsewhere, Rogelio tries to get Eva Longoria to join his Passions of Santos reboot, but instead finds out the two are distant cousins.
76
12 "Chapter Seventy-Six" Melanie Mayron Leah Longoria March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09) 0.58[12]
Jane's fixation on a negative review has left her with writer's block, so Rogelio suggests she take a writing class to help. With the encouragement of Jane, Rafael is ready to dig into his past to find out who his real biological parents are. Meanwhile, Rogelio is trying to make things less about him and more about Xo, but he grows suspicious when he learns she is keeping a secret from him. But the secret Xo has been keeping is not what Rogelio suspected. Elsewhere, Petra tests the loyalty of her lawyer, Jane Ramos, by pretending to be romantically interested in her while trying to find out the identity of the blackmailer. After Petra confides in Jane Ramos of her feelings which are not fake, the two of them sleep together for the first time.
77
13 "Chapter Seventy-Seven" Gina Lamar Deirdre Shaw & Chantelle M. Wells March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16) 0.59[13]
When Jane, Rogelio and Alba learn what is going on with Xo who might have breast cancer, they all try to comfort her, but Xo insists they let her live her life. Meanwhile, Rogelio finally gets River Fields to agree to meet with him, but he learns that River has another plan in mind. Also, Rafael is on a mission to find his missing sister Luisa, who may have the information he has been looking for of his origins. Rafael visits Rose in prison to ask for her help, but he quickly turns her down when she makes a demand to know Luisa's location. Also, Jane is upset with Petra after her twin girls spill a secret to Mateo about the Tooth Fairy being make believe. At the same time, Jane 'J.R.' Ramos tells Petra after their romantic night together that she is not interested in a relationship due to the blackmailer paying a visit to Jane R.'s dementia-stricken mother in a rest home. At the end, the identity of Jane R's blackmailer is finally revealed to be Petra's long-suffering and abused secretary Krishna.
78
14 "Chapter Seventy-Eight" Justin Baldoni Valentina Garza & Micah Schraft March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23) 0.65[14]
Xo struggles to make an important decision on whether or not to get a full mastectomy and looks to Jane for guidance, leaving Rogelio feeling like an outsider. Alba is frustrated with Rogelio when it seems he is once again making his career a priority over Xo's well being. Meanwhile, Petra turns to Rafael for advice on her love life after he finally learns about her new romance with J.R.
79
15 "Chapter Seventy-Nine" Gina Lamar Paul Sciarrotta April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06) 0.53[15]
After Jane and Rafael, Petra and J.R. all go out together on a double date, Jane is bothered to learn that J.R. doesn't like her very much. Jane and Rafael brush off a big relationship moment, but they both try to make up for it in different ways. Meanwhile, Rogelio is nervous to tell Darci that he is no longer able to be a "Danny" to their son, so he uses Xo as a scapegoat... landing him in hot water with both Xo and Darci. Also, Jane helps Alba prepare to take the biggest test of her life: a written exam to become a US citizen.
80
16 "Chapter Eighty" Micah Schraft Micah Schraft April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13) 0.57[16]
Jane and Rafael start saving up to buy a one-bedroom apartment, but their plan falls apart when Mateo breaks an antique $4,000 clock. Rafael moves into the Villanueva house, but after Alba hits Mateo, the two get into a heated argument and Rafael moves back out. Xiomara starts chemotherapy, and makes a friend named Donna (guest star Amy Brenneman). The timeline moves forward nine weeks, and Donna dies of unforeseen consequences. Xiomara is shown not to be doing well due to the chemotherapy, Alba and Rafael are still in a fight and River and Rogelio are still arguing over the Passions of Santos adaptation. Alba breaks down to Jane, and she and Rafael make up. Xiomara bonds with River over telenovelas, after she accidentally eats a pot brownie, and she agrees to do the Passions of Steve and Brenda the Latin American way. Jane Ramos gets herself disbarred, and as a result gets the case against Petra thrown out.
81
17 "Chapter Eighty-One" Gina Lamar Jennie Snyder Urman & Paul Sciarrotta April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20) 0.58[17]
In the fourth season final, Rafael intends to propose to Jane, however Rose's news unsettles him. Meanwhile, Alba finally becomes a naturalized American citizen and the Villanueva's throw her a surprise party. Meanwhile, River spends the week with Rogelio in order to help them be believable as a married couple, but she soon starts to take her role too seriously. Jane Ramos and Petra plan to move in together as a couple, until Jane R. finds out that Petra really did kill Anezka intentionally that night. As she walks out of Petra's office, the imprisoned Krishna phones and tells Jane Ramos that her life is in danger for she was only the blackmailer's associate. J.R. returns and saves Petra's life by shooting, and killing, the blackmailer (who is not shown... leading to "who did J.R. shoot?"). At the end, Jane meets with Rafael, and he shows her that Michael is alive.
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Chapter Sixty-Five" October 13, 2017 0.3/1 0.68[1] 0.3 0.67 0.6 1.35[18]
2 "Chapter Sixty-Six" October 20, 2017 0.2/1 0.61[2] 0.3 0.58 0.5 1.19[19]
3 "Chapter Sixty-Seven" October 27, 2017 0.3/1 0.60[3] N/A 0.54 N/A 1.16[20]
4 "Chapter Sixty-Eight" November 3, 2017 0.2/1 0.69[4] 0.3 0.55 0.5 1.24[21]
5 "Chapter Sixty-Nine" November 10, 2017 0.3/1 0.65[5] N/A 0.61 N/A 1.26[22]
6 "Chapter Seventy" November 17, 2017 0.2/1 0.61[6] 0.3 0.55 0.5 1.16[23]
7 "Chapter Seventy-One" December 8, 2017 0.3/1 0.65[7] 0.3 0.61 0.6 1.25[24]
8 "Chapter Seventy-Two" January 26, 2018 0.2/1 0.68[8] 0.4 0.71 0.6 1.39[25]
9 "Chapter Seventy-Three" February 2, 2018 0.3/1 0.67[9] 0.3 0.60 0.6 1.27[26]
10 "Chapter Seventy-Four" February 9, 2018 0.3/1 0.80[10] 0.3 0.59 0.6 1.39[27]
11 "Chapter Seventy-Five" March 2, 2018 0.2/1 0.59[11] 0.3 0.62 0.5 1.21[28]
12 "Chapter Seventy-Six" March 9, 2018 0.2/1 0.58[12] 0.3 0.53 0.5 1.12[29]
13 "Chapter Seventy-Seven" March 16, 2018 0.2/1 0.59[13] 0.3 0.59 0.5 1.19[30]
14 "Chapter Seventy-Eight" March 23, 2018 0.2/1 0.65[14] 0.3 N/A 0.5[31] N/A
15 "Chapter Seventy-Nine" April 6, 2018 0.2/1 0.54[15] 0.3 0.59 0.5 1.13[32]
16 "Chapter Eighty" April 13, 2018 0.2/1 0.57[16] 0.2 0.48 0.4 1.10[33]
17 "Chapter Eighty-One" April 20, 2018 0.2/1 0.58[17] 0.3 0.61 0.5 1.20[34]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (October 16, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver,' 'Once Upon a Time,' & more remain unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 23, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 'Hawaii Five-0,' all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 30, 2017). "'MacGyver,' 'Jane the Virgin' and World Series adjust up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 6, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Once Upon a Time' and others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 13, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Hell's Kitchen,' everything else unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 20, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver' and all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 11, 2017). "'Blue Bloods' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 29, 2018). "'Blindspot,' 'Agents of SHIELD,' all others hold: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 5, 2018). "'Hell's Kitchen' finale, 'Jane the Virgin,' all others hold: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 12, 2018). "Olympics opening ceremony adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 5, 2018). "'Blue Bloods,' 'Blindspot,' all other unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 12, 2018). "Blue Bloods,' 'Taken,' 'Confronting Putin' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 19, 2018). "NCAA Tournament adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 26, 2018). "NCAA Tournament and 'Dynasty' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 9, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD' adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 16, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD' adjusts up, 'Taken' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 23, 2018). "'Dynasty' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 2, 2017). "'Chicago PD,' 10 more shows double in week 4 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 12 more shows double in week 6 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 27, 2017). "'This Is Us' rides high in week 7 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 10 other shows double in week 8 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Agents of SHIELD' gets a good bump in week 11 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'This Is Us' sets NBC records in week 18 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 16, 2018). "Closing the book on the Super Bowl 'This Is Us': Week 19 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 22, 2018). "'The Good Doctor' and 'This Is Us' on top again: Week 20 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 14, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD,' 16 other shows double in week 23 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 22, 2018). "'This Is Us' leads the week 24 broadcast Live +7 ratings – by quite a bit". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 29, 2018). "'This Is Us' goes out on top: Week 25 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 6, 2018). "'The Good Doctor' scores highest in week 26 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 19, 2018). "'Will & Grace' finale, 11 other shows double in week 28 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 26, 2018). "'New Girl' premiere doubles in week 29 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 7, 2018). "'Scandal' and 'Criminal Minds' get biggest finale bumps in week 30 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
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Jane the Virgin
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Jane Villanueva
Petra Solano
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Juana la virgen
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