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The Greatest Showman
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The Greatest Showman
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Michael Gracey
Produced by
Laurence Mark
Peter Chernin
Jenno Topping
Screenplay by
Jenny Bicks
Bill Condon
Story by
Jenny Bicks
Starring
Hugh Jackman
Zac Efron
Michelle Williams
Rebecca Ferguson
Zendaya
Music by
John Debney
Joseph Trapanese
Cinematography
Seamus McGarvey
Edited by
Tom Cross
Robert Duffy
Joe Hutshing
Michael McCusker
Jon Poll
Spencer Susser
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
Seed Productions
Laurence Mark Productions
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) (RMS Queen Mary 2)
December 20, 2017 (2017-12-20) (United States)
Running time
105 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$84 million[2]
Box office
$231.5 million[3]
The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American historical period drama musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions.
Principal photography on the film began in New York City in November 2016, and it premiered on December 8, 2017 aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2. The film was released in the United States on December 20, 2017 by 20th Century Fox, seven months after the circus stopped operating, and has grossed $231 million worldwide.
The Greatest Showman received mixed reviews, with praise for the cast (particularly Jackman),[4] music and production value but criticism for the artistic license taken, with some reviewers calling it "faux-inspiring and shallow".[5][6] At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, the film received three nominations: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Actor – Musical or Comedy (Jackman), and Best Original Song ("This Is Me"), winning the latter.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
3.2 Post-production
4 Music
4.1 Musical numbers
4.2 Soundtrack
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
P. T. Barnum and his father, Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, and he becomes infatuated with their daughter Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school; Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying, raising two children in New York City ("A Million Dreams (Reprise)"). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.
Barnum is laid off from his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", he searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience, despite protests and poor reviews (one of which prompts Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus" out of spite).
Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, he meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle soon becomes enamored with circus performer Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but tries to hide his feelings publicly from his wealthy parents. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, who he convinces to perform in America, himself serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins concealing his original troupe from socializing with them. Dejected, they nonetheless decide to stand publically against their local harassers ("This Is Me"). Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theater together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her, trying to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a U.S. tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home and takes care of their children ("Tightrope").
While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough (Reprise)"). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who tried saving Wheeler not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued amid the chaos by Barnum but suffers severe burns. Most of the set and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed and Charity taking their daughters back to her parents' home.
Depressed, Barnum starts drinking at a pub, where his troupe find him, persuading him to rebuild the circus; Barnum has an epiphany that causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself ("From Now On"). Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side.
Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The new, revamped circus is a huge success; Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle and retires to focus on his family ("The Greatest Show").
Cast[edit]
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.
Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum
Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice
Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. He is a composite character partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.
Skylar Dunn as Young Charity
Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer.
Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8]
Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, and W.D.'s sister.
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name of General Tom Thumb.
Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of the daughters of P.T. Barnum.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of the daughters of P.T. Barnum.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief who Barnum employs to work at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins".
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Production[edit]
The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[9] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[10] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[11] According to Jackman, the seven year development process was, in part, due to studios being unwilling to take a risk on an original musical.[12]
On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[13] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[14][15][16][17]
Filming[edit]
Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[18][19]
Post-production[edit]
In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to oversee the film's reshoots and post-production. This was due to the studio's concern that Gracey, a first-time director, was overwhelmed with the scope of the film and struggling with the pressure of an $84 million budget. Mangold was eventually given an executive producer credit.[20]
Music[edit]
Musical numbers[edit]
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[21] The pair scored their first No. 1 album on the Billboard 200.[22]
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams (Reprise)" – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Keala Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough (Reprise)" – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
The soundtrack album features eleven tracks performed by the cast.
Release[edit]
The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017 aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[23][24]
Marketing[edit]
On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[25]
On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[26][27]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of January 21, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $113 million in the United States and Canada, and $118 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $231 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3]
In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[28][29] It took in $2.5 million on its first day and $2.1 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $8.6 million (for a six-day total of $18.6 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[30] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[31] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[32][33] In its third week the film dropped just 11% to $13.8 million, finishing 4th once again.[34] The film made $12.5 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[35]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 191 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[36] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[37] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[30]
Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[38] Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[39] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[40] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[41]
Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[42] Jackie K Cooper of Huffington Post gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[43] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[44] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[45]
Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[46] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[47] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[48] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[49]
Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[50] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[51] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. the film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[52] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[53]
Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided — and yet it's well-made."[54] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[55]
Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Ben Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[56] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[57]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards February 5, 2018 Best Grownup Love Story The Greatest Showman Pending [58]
Casting Society of America January 18, 2018 Big Budget – Comedy Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin Won [59]
Costume Designers Guild February 20, 2018 Excellence in Period Film Ellen Mirojnick Pending [60]
Critics' Choice Movie Awards January 11, 2018 Best Song "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated [61]
Dorian Awards February 24, 2018 Campy Flick of the Year The Greatest Showman Pending [62]
Georgia Film Critics Association January 12, 2018 Best Original Song "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Nominated [63]
Golden Globe Awards January 7, 2018 Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Greatest Showman Nominated [64]
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Hugh Jackman Nominated
Best Original Song – Motion Picture "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Won
Guild of Music Supervisors Awards February 8, 2018 Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Pending [65]
Best Song/Recording Created for a Film "This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul Pending
Heartland Film Festival December 31, 2017 Truly Moving Picture Award Michael Gracey Won [66]
Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild February 24, 2018 Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis Pending [67]
See also[edit]
Barnum
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Greatest Showman
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The Greatest Showman at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
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P. T. Barnum
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Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
Anna Haining Bates
Eli Bowen
Chang and Eng Bunker
Cardiff Giant
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James "Grizzly" Adams
Barnum (musical)
Barnum's American Museum
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Barnum Museum
Bridgeport half dollar
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The Herald of Freedom
Iranistan
The Mighty Barnum
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"There's a sucker born every minute"
The Greatest Showman
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[show]
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Sister, Sister (1987)
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Strange Behavior (1981)
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F/X2 (1991)
Chicago (2002)
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Haunted Mansion Holiday
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Haunted Mansion Holiday
Disneyland
Area
New Orleans Square
Status
Operating
Opening date
October 3, 2001
Tokyo Disneyland
Area
Fantasyland
Status
Operating
Opening date
September 15, 2004
General statistics
Attraction type
Omnimover
Manufacturers
Arrow Development (Disneyland)
Designer
Walt Disney Imagineering
Theme
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Music
Gordon Goodwin (original)
Danny Elfman/John Debney
(A Musical History of Disneyland)
Speed
3 mph (4.8 km/h)
Vehicle type
Doom Buggies
Riders per vehicle
2–3
Audio-animatronics
Yes
Host
Ghost Host (Corey Burton) (Disneyland version)
Ghost Host (Ponta Mitsui) (Tokyo Disneyland version)
Disney's Fastpass available
Must transfer from wheelchair
Exterior view of the mansion
Haunted Mansion Holiday, also known as Haunted Mansion Holiday Nightmare, is a seasonal overlay of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland that blends the settings and characters of the original Haunted Mansion with those of Tim Burton's 1993 film The Nightmare Before Christmas.[1] Taking inspiration from "The Night Before Christmas", the attraction retells the story of Jack Skellington (as "Sandy Claws") visiting the Haunted Mansion on Christmas Eve, leaving holiday chaos in his wake.
The Haunted Mansion typically closes for two and half weeks in late summer so it can be converted into the Haunted Mansion Holiday. The overlaid attraction is then open to guests from late-September through early January before being closed again to remove the overlay.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Storyline
3 Attraction
4 Additions
5 Soundtrack
6 Voice cast
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History[edit]
Two similar overlays – Country Bear Christmas Special and It's a Small World Holiday – had already been successful for some time when Haunted Mansion Holiday was developed.[2] Initially, Disney considered doing a retelling of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, but decided against it due to the attraction's setting in New Orleans Square and the incongruity of bringing Santa Claus into the eerie environment of the Haunted Mansion.[3] Instead, they decided to base it on The Nightmare Before Christmas after considering which Disney character would celebrate Christmas in the Haunted Mansion, should Santa Claus ever land there on his journey. Steve Davison took the idea and worked with Walt Disney Creative Entertainment to develop the overlay.[3]
One issue Disney had to deal with was the fact that many of the key performers in the original attraction – Paul Frees, Leota Toombs, Eleanor Audley, most of the singing busts, and almost all of the original voice actors – had died years earlier. Paul Frees was replaced in his role as the Ghost Host by Corey Burton, who had done voiceover work with Disney before. Leota Toombs' daughter, Kim Irvine, resembled her mother and was thus chosen to perform in her place as Madame Leota. Susan Blakeslee (impersonating Eleanor Audley) provides the voice of Madame Leota. The singing busts were topped with Jack-O-Lanterns and given computer-animated singing projections. New voice actors were picked for the graveyard ghosts that sound similar to the originals (with the exception of the Headsman Trio; The Knight and Executioner seem to have had their voices swapped).
Haunted Mansion Holiday opened October 3, 2001, and quickly became popular with guests[citation needed], leading to the attraction's FastPass machines being activated during the overlay (they are now always active). The Tokyo version props were intended for Walt Disney World, but when the park abandoned plans to install the attraction, Tokyo (which features a carbon copy of their Haunted Mansion) received all the props. On September 13, 2013 (Friday the 13th), the Haunted Mansion at Disneyland opened to the public outfitted with new effects and set pieces in celebration of its 13th year. Walt Disney World Resort and Disneyland Paris do not have seasonal overlays. Outside of Phantom Manor, guests can get their photo taken with Jack and Sally.
Storyline[edit]
The Haunted Mansion Holiday takes place shortly after the events of the film it conjoins with, The Nightmare Before Christmas, where Jack Skellington, who tried to create his very own twisted Christmas in a Halloween-style overlay in the movie, now discovers the Haunted Mansion, home to 999 Happy Haunts. Deciding to spread joy to the mansion's gloomy residents for the holidays, Jack and his creepy crew from Halloween Town bring hundreds of Jack's original evil Christmas presents and decorations to the manor and deck the haunting grounds for a thrilling and chilling holiday for the Grim Grinning Ghosts inhabiting the abandoned house, setting the stage for the ride itself.
Attraction[edit]
Upon visiting the mansion, guests first see that the facade has been completely redecorated, with jack-o-lanterns and candles. Jack's sleigh is on the roof.
In the foyer, a grim rendition of Making Christmas plays while the Ghost Host begins to tell the story of what is happening at the mansion. A picture of Jack Skellington slowly changes into Jack dressed as "Sandy Claws". Doors open, letting guests into the famous octagonal portrait gallery. Large stained glass paintings line the walls, depicting innocent Christmas scenes. After the doors close shut, all goes dark with the horrendous sound of the paintings breaking in half. The room begins to stretch, the tension rises, and with a thunderclap, Jack's face appears in the cupola above, shouting: "Happy Holidays, Everyone!"
A dreadful scream and the shattering of bones is heard, and the doors reopen. Guests are lead into the Loading Area, where they board their Doom Buggy to begin the tour. From above, Jack greets guests with Sally and the Vampire Teddy. Down another hallway, paintings of characters from Halloween Town watch guests' every move.
In the library, Zero has created a spinning Christmas tree of books, wrapped in garlands. The staring busts remain. The Doom Buggies then float into the Music Room, where Sally sits, listening to the Vampire Teddy play for her rapidly on the piano. As guests glide upstairs, insects shiver in fear inside of cages, with tags reading, "To Oogie". Oogie's shadow can be seen dancing on the face of the moon and turning into a Christmas tree.
Guests float past an Endless Hallway, with bone decor all around. Zero, Jack's dog floats inside, barking happily. In the Conservatory, a group of flowers has sprung to life and now forms the choir. A man tries to escape his Christmas-wrapped coffin, but the Vampire Teddy Bear sits atop, hammer and nails in hand. The hallway, which guests travel through backwards, has been redeocrated as well, with skulls and garlands. Doors on either side make strange noises, as though something on the other side were trying to get out. A monstrous man-eating wreath waits above the guests, reaching out to grab them. More of the comically vicious flowers seem to be sprouting from it. The possessed grandfather clock chimes 13 as the hands spin wildly backwards, and a note reads "To Leota: 13 Special Gifts for You! -Sandy Claws"
In the Seance Room, Madame Leota recites the "13 Days of Christmas", her 13 Christmas gifts. Tarot cards showing all of her gifts float about the room, while the Vampire Teddy Bear rings bells maniacally. A zombified nutcracker imitates Leota chanting her incantations.
The Happy Haunts finally begin to materialize in the ballroom. A cake sits on the table that bears resemblance to the spiral hill from Halloween town, but covered in snow. An immense, dead Christmas tree is in the middle of the room, with glowing skull and jack-o-lantern ornaments and ascending and desscending spider ornaments. Ghosts dance right through the tree while a ghost organist plays Kidnap the Sandy Claws as a waltz.
In the Attic, all of Jack's presents have been stored. Ghastly, glowing presents lie about the room, jack-in-the-boxes popping up to scare passing guests. A snake, having eaten some presents, sits with Jack's Naughty and Nice list hanging out of its mouth.
The Graveyard has been completely covered in snow and the spiral hill from Halloween Town sits in the middle of the graveyard, covered with snow and singing, glowing jack-o-lanterns. Jack Skellington greets guests at the gates, wishing them a Merry Christmas with Zero. A quintet of busts have been topped with singing jack-o-lanterns while the graveyard ghosts sing about their perfect Christmas. Ghosts ride around on bicycles with Jack's bonedeer. Giant ice angles with jack-o-lantern heads blow on their horns overhead. Guests finally enter the exit crypt, as the Vampire Teddy Bear plays his own little horn to say goodbye.
The Ghost Host warns guests about followers, as Lock, Shock, and Barrel playfully peek out of presents. Guilded mirrors surround the next walls, and in those mirrors, Lock, Shock, or Barrel sit in your car. Sally can then be seen, waving to Jack as he leaves, crossing the face of the moon and wishing her a Merry Christmas. Guests then disembark their Doom Buggy, hearing the ghosts play a jazzy tune to give them something to remember after they leave.
Additions[edit]
Disneyland offers an "Oogie Boogie's Holiday Tricks and Treats" scavenger hunt. Oogie has hidden cameos throughout the mansion, which guests are asked to look for. For instance, Oogie can be found in shrubbery in the gardens, a shadow on the Christmas card, a doll in the attic, etc.[citation needed]
Soundtrack[edit]
The attraction's musical score was originally composed by Gordon Goodwin. It was replaced in 2002 with an adapted score by John Debney, based on themes from the film's soundtrack composed by Danny Elfman.[2] Since 2003, Goodwin's original music has been used in the stretching rooms and the exit crypt (where Goodwin's attic music is used), while the rest of Elfman's score remains. Several characters in the ride are voiced by the original actors from the film, and the various sound effects are an admixture of tracks from the original attraction and new ones.
CD Cover Artwork
Track listing
Up on the Housetop (2:07)
Scary Bells (1:52)
Over the Graveyards (1:40)
Old Mansion Tree (2:01)
Wreck the Halls (2:10)
We Wish You a Scary Christmas (1:45)
The 13 Days of Christmas (2:17)
God Rest You Merry Grinning Ghosts (1:53)
Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas Medley (2:30)
Includes – Making Christmas/What's This?/Kidnap the Sandy Claws
Disneyland Haunted Mansion Holiday Ride-Through Mix (16:20)
Includes – Foyer, Elevators, Elevator Exit, Picture Gallery, Loading Zone, Corridor of Doors, Seance Room, Grand Hall, Attic, Graveyard Finale, Hitchhiking Ghosts.
Voice cast[edit]
Chris Sarandon – Jack Skellington
Ken Page – Oogie Boogie
Corey Burton – Ghost Host
Kath Soucie – Sally
Susanne Blakeslee – Madame Leota; Kim Irvine (face)
See also[edit]
Haunted Mansion
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Phantom Manor
Mystic Manor
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "DoomBuggies.com" Retrieved on March 14, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Weiss, Werner (November 27, 2015). "Yesterland: Haunted Mansion Holiday". yesterland.com. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Haunted Mansion Holiday - Documentary (YouTube video). March 11, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Liddane, Lisa (October 16, 2014). "Disneyland's Haunted Mansion is a house of fancy frights". The Orange County Register. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
External links[edit]
Doombuggies.com
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Osteomyelitis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Osteomyelitis
Synonym
Bone infection
Osteomyelitis of the 1st toe
Specialty
Infectious disease, orthopedics
Symptoms
Pain in a specific bone, overlying redness, fever, weakness[1]
Complications
Amputation[2]
Usual onset
Young or old[1]
Duration
Short or long term[2]
Causes
Bacterial, fungal[2]
Risk factors
Diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, trauma to the area[1]
Diagnostic method
Blood tests, medical imaging, bone biopsy[2]
Differential diagnosis
Charcot's joint, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis, giant cell tumor, cellulitis[1][3]
Treatment
Antimicrobials, surgery[4]
Prognosis
Low risk of death with treatment[5]
Frequency
2.4 per 100,000 per year[6]
Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone.[1] Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness.[1] The long bones of the arms and legs are most commonly involved in children, while the feet, spine, and hips are most commonly involved in adults.[2]
The cause is usually a bacterial infection; rarely, a fungal infection.[1][2] It may occur by spread from the blood or from surrounding tissue.[4] Risks for developing osteomyelitis include diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area.[1] Diagnosis is typically suspected based on symptoms.[2] This is then supported by blood tests, medical imaging, or bone biopsy.[2]
Treatment often involves both antimicrobials and surgery.[4] In those with poor blood flow, amputation may be required.[2] With treatment outcomes are often generally good when the condition has only been present a short time.[2] About 2.4 per 100,000 people are affected a year.[6] The young and old are more commonly affected.[1] Males are more commonly affected than females.[3] The condition was described at least as early as the 300s BC by Hippocrates.[4] Before the availability of antibiotics the risk of death was significant.[7]
Contents
1 Signs and symptoms
2 Cause
3 Pathogenesis
4 Diagnosis
4.1 Classification
5 Treatment
6 History
6.1 Fossil record
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Signs and symptoms[edit]
Symptom may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness.[1] Onset may be sudden or gradual.[1]
Cause[edit]
Age group Most common organisms
Newborns (younger than 4 mo) S. aureus, Enterobacter species, and group A and B Streptococcus species
Children (aged 4 mo to 4 y) S. aureus, group A Streptococcus species, Haemophilus influenzae, and Enterobacter species
Children, adolescents (aged 4 y to adult) S. aureus (80%), group A Streptococcus species, H. influenzae, and Enterobacter species
Adult S. aureus and occasionally Enterobacter or Streptococcus species
Sickle cell anemia patients Salmonella species are most common in patients with sickle cell disease.[8]
In children, the long bones are usually affected. In adults, the vertebrae and the pelvis are most commonly affected.
Acute osteomyelitis almost invariably occurs in children because of rich blood supply to the growing bones. When adults are affected, it may be because of compromised host resistance due to debilitation, intravenous drug abuse, infectious root-canaled teeth, or other disease or drugs (e.g., immunosuppressive therapy).
Osteomyelitis is a secondary complication in 1–3% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.[9] In this case, the bacteria, in general, spread to the bone through the circulatory system, first infecting the synovium (due to its higher oxygen concentration) before spreading to the adjacent bone.[9] In tubercular osteomyelitis, the long bones and vertebrae are the ones that tend to be affected.[9]
Staphylococcus aureus is the organism most commonly isolated from all forms of osteomyelitis.[9]
Bloodstream-sourced osteomyelitis is seen most frequently in children, and nearly 90% of cases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In infants, S. aureus, Group B streptococci (most common[10]) and Escherichia coli are commonly isolated; in children from one to 16 years of age, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae are common. In some subpopulations, including intravenous drug users and splenectomized patients, Gram-negative bacteria, including enteric bacteria, are significant pathogens.[11]
The most common form of the disease in adults is caused by injury exposing the bone to local infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism seen in osteomyelitis, seeded from areas of contiguous infection. But anaerobes and Gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and Serratia marcescens, are also common. Mixed infections are the rule rather than the exception.[11]
Systemic mycotic (fungal) infections may also cause osteomyelitis. The two most common are Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides immitis.
In osteomyelitis involving the vertebral bodies, about half the cases are due to S. aureus, and the other half are due to tuberculosis (spread hematogenously from the lungs). Tubercular osteomyelitis of the spine was so common before the initiation of effective antitubercular therapy, it acquired a special name, Pott's disease.
The Burkholderia cepacia complex has been implicated in vertebral osteomyelitis in intravenous drug users.[12]
Pathogenesis[edit]
In general, microorganisms may infect bone through one or more of three basic methods
Via the bloodstream (haematogeneously) - the most common method[13]
From nearby areas of infection (as in cellulitis), or
Penetrating trauma, including iatrogenic causes such as joint replacements or internal fixation of fractures or secondary periapical periodontitis in teeth.[9]
The area usually affected when the infection is contracted through the bloodstream is the metaphysis of the bone.[13] Once the bone is infected, leukocytes enter the infected area, and, in their attempt to engulf the infectious organisms, release enzymes that lyse the bone. Pus spreads into the bone's blood vessels, impairing their flow, and areas of devitalized infected bone, known as sequestra, form the basis of a chronic infection.[9] Often, the body will try to create new bone around the area of necrosis. The resulting new bone is often called an involucrum.[9] On histologic examination, these areas of necrotic bone are the basis for distinguishing between acute osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is an infective process that encompasses all of the bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow. When it is chronic, it can lead to bone sclerosis and deformity.
Chronic osteomyelitis may be due to the presence of intracellular bacteria (inside bone cells).[14] Also, once intracellular, the bacteria are able to escape and invade other bone cells.[15] At this point, the bacteria may be resistant to some antibiotics.[16] These combined facts may explain the chronicity and difficult eradication of this disease, resulting in significant costs and disability, potentially leading to amputation. Intracellular existence of bacteria in osteomyelitis is likely an unrecognized contributing factor to its chronic form.
In infants, the infection can spread to a joint and cause arthritis. In children, large subperiosteal abscesses can form because the periosteum is loosely attached to the surface of the bone.[9]
Because of the particulars of their blood supply, the tibia, femur, humerus, vertebra, the maxilla, and the mandibular bodies are especially susceptible to osteomyelitis.[17] Abscesses of any bone, however, may be precipitated by trauma to the affected area. Many infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a member of the normal flora found on the skin and mucous membranes. In patients with sickle cell disease, the most common causative agent is Salmonella, with a relative incidence more than twice that of S. aureus.[8]
Diagnosis[edit]
Mycobacterium doricum osteomyelitis and soft tissue infection. Computed tomography scan of the right lower extremity of a 21-year-old patient, showing abscess formation adjacent to nonunion of a right femur fracture.
Extensive osteomyelitis of the forefoot
Osteomyelitis in both feet as seen on bone scan
The diagnosis of osteomyelitis is complex and relies on a combination of clinical suspicion and indirect laboratory markers such as a high white blood cell count and fever, although confirmation of clinical and laboratory suspicion with imaging is usually necessary.[18]
Radiographs and CT are the initial method of diagnosis, but are not sensitive and only moderately specific for the diagnosis. They can show the cortical destruction of advanced osteomyelitis, but can miss nascent or indolent diagnoses.[18]
Confirmation is most often by MRI. The presence of edema, diagnosed as increased signal on T2 sequences, is sensitive, but not specific, as edema can occur in reaction to adjacent cellulitis. Confirmation of bony marrow and cortical destruction by viewing the T1 sequences significantly increases specificity. The administration of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast enhances specificity further. In certain situations, such as severe Charcot arthropathy, diagnosis with MRI is still difficult.[18] Similarly, it is limited in distinguishing bone infarcts from osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia.[19]
Nuclear medicine scans can be a helpful adjunct to MRI in patients who have metallic hardware that limits or prevents effective magnetic resonance. Generally a triple phase technetium 99 based scan will show increased uptake on all three phases. Gallium scans are 100% sensitive for osteomyelitis but not specific, and may be helpful in patients with metallic prostheses. Combined WBC imaging with marrow studies have 90% accuracy in diagnosing osteomyelitis.[20]
Diagnosis of osteomyelitis is often based on radiologic results showing a lytic center with a ring of sclerosis.[9] Culture of material taken from a bone biopsy is needed to identify the specific pathogen;[21] alternative sampling methods such as needle puncture or surface swabs are easier to perform, but do not produce reliable results.[22][23]
Factors that may commonly complicate osteomyelitis are fractures of the bone, amyloidosis, endocarditis, or sepsis.[9]
Classification[edit]
The definition of OM is broad, and encompasses a wide variety of conditions. Traditionally, the length of time the infection has been present and whether there is suppuration (pus formation) or sclerosis (increased density of bone) is used to arbitrarily classify OM. Chronic OM is often defined as OM that has been present for more than one month. In reality, there are no distinct subtypes; instead there is a spectrum of pathologic features that reflect balance between the type and severity of the cause of the inflammation, the immune system and local and systemic predisposing factors.
Suppurative osteomyelitis
Acute suppurative osteomyelitis
Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis
Primary (no preceding phase)
Secondary (follows an acute phase)
Non-suppurative osteomyelitis
Diffuse sclerosing
Focal sclerosing (condensing osteitis)
Proliferative periostitis (periostitis ossificans, Garré's sclerosing osteomyelitis)
Osteoradionecrosis
OM can also be typed according to the area of the skeleton in which it is present. For example, osteomyelitis of the jaws is different in several respects from osteomyelitis present in a long bone. Vertebral osteomyelitis is another possible presentation.
Treatment[edit]
Osteomyelitis often requires prolonged antibiotic therapy for weeks or months. A PICC line or central venous catheter can be placed for long-term intravenous medication administration. It may require surgical debridement in severe cases, or even amputation.
Initial first-line antibiotic choice is determined by the patient's history and regional differences in common infective organisms. A treatment lasting 42 days is practiced in a number of facilities.[24] Local and sustained availability of drugs have proven to be more effective in achieving prophylactic and therapeutic outcomes.[25] Open surgery is needed for chronic osteomyelitis, whereby the involucrum is opened and the sequestrum is removed or sometimes saucerization[26] can be done. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to be a useful adjunct to the treatment of refractory osteomyelitis.[27][28]
Before the widespread availability and use of antibiotics, blow fly larvae were sometimes deliberately introduced to the wounds to feed on the infected material, effectively scouring them clean.[29][30] In 1875, American artist Thomas Eakins depicted a surgical procedure for osteomyelitis at Jefferson Medical College, in a famous oil painting titled The Gross Clinic.
There is tentative evidence that bioactive glass may also be useful in long bone infections.[31] Support from randomized controlled trials, however, is not available as of 2015.[32]
History[edit]
The word is from Greek words ὀστέον osteon, meaning bone, μυελό- myelo- meaning marrow, and -ῖτις -itis meaning inflammation.
Fossil record[edit]
Main article: Paleopathology
Evidence for osteomyelitis found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. It has been reported in fossils of the large carnivorous dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis.[33]
See also[edit]
Tommy Douglas
Brodie abscess
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
SAPHO syndrome
Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis
Mickey Mantle, who contracted osteomyelitis in his youth from a football injury and whose condition shortened his baseball career
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Osteomyelitis". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2005. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Osteomyelitis". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). 2016. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 924. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schmitt, SK (June 2017). "Osteomyelitis". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 31 (2): 325–338. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.010. PMID 28483044.
Jump up ^ Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (2014). Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2267. ISBN 9781455748013. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Hochberg, Marc C.; Silman, Alan J.; Smolen, Josef S.; Weinblatt, Michael E.; Weisman, Michael H. (2014). Rheumatology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 885. ISBN 9780702063039. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
Jump up ^ Brackenridge, R. D. C.; Croxson, Richard S.; Mackenzie, Ross (2016). Medical Selection of Life Risks 5th Edition Swiss Re branded. Springer. p. 912. ISBN 9781349566327. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Burnett, M.W.; J.W. Bass; B.A. Cook (1998-02-01). "Etiology of osteomyelitis complicating sickle cell disease". Pediatrics. 101 (2): 296–297. doi:10.1542/peds.101.2.296. PMID 9445507.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 810–811 ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1
Jump up ^ Haggerty, Maureen (2002). "Streptococcal Infections". Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. The Gale Group. Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Carek, P.J.; L.M. Dickerson; J.L. Sack (2001-06-15). "Diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis". Am Fam Physician. 63 (12): 2413–20. PMID 11430456.
Jump up ^ Weinstein, Lenny; Knowlton, Christin A.; Smith, Miriam A. (2007-12-16). "Cervical osteomyelitis caused by Burkholderia cepacia after rhinoplasty". J Infect Developing Countries. 2 (1): 76–77. ISSN 1972-2680. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Luqmani, Raashid; Robb, James; Daniel, Porter; Benjamin, Joseph (2013). Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rheumatology (second ed.). Mosby. p. 96. ISBN 9780723436805.
Jump up ^ Ellington Microb Pathog 1999
Jump up ^ Ellington JBJS Br 2003
Jump up ^ Ellington J Ortho Res 2006
Jump up ^ King MD, Randall W, Johnson D (2006-07-13). "Osteomyelitis". eMedicine. WebMD. Archived from the original on 2007-11-09. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c Howe, B. M.; Wenger, D. E.; Mandrekar, J; Collins, M. S. (2013). "T1-weighted MRI imaging features of pathologically proven non-pedal osteomyelitis". Academic Radiology. 20 (1): 108–14. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2012.07.015. PMID 22981480.
Jump up ^ Delgado, J; Bedoya, M. A.; Green, A. M.; Jaramillo, D; Ho-Fung, V (2015). "Utility of unenhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted MRI in children with sickle cell disease - can it differentiate bone infarcts from acute osteomyelitis?". Pediatric Radiology. 45 (13): 1981–7. doi:10.1007/s00247-015-3423-8. PMID 26209118.
Jump up ^ Termaat, M. F.; Raijmakers, P. G.; Scholten, H. J.; Bakker, F. C.; Patka, P; Haarman, H. J. (2005). "The accuracy of diagnostic imaging for the assessment of chronic osteomyelitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 87 (11): 2464–71. doi:10.2106/JBJS.D.02691. PMID 16264122.
Jump up ^ Zuluaga AF; Galvis W; Saldarriaga JG; Agudelo M; Salazar BE; Vesga O (2006-01-09). "Etiologic diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis: A prospective study". Archives of Internal Medicine. 166 (1): 95–100. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.1.95. ISSN 0003-9926. PMID 16401816.
Jump up ^ Zuluaga, Andrés F; Galvis, Wilson; Jaimes, Fabián; Vesga, Omar (2002-05-16). "BMC Infectious Diseases". BMC Infectious Diseases. 2 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-2-8. PMC 115844. PMID 12015818. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17.
Jump up ^ Senneville E, Morant H, Descamps D, et al. (2009). "Needle puncture and transcutaneous bone biopsy cultures are inconsistent in patients with diabetes and suspected osteomyelitis of the foot". Clin Infect Dis. 48 (7): 888&ndash, 93. doi:10.1086/597263. PMID 19228109.
Jump up ^ Putland M.D, Michael S., Hyperbaric Medicine, Capital Regional Medical Center, Tallahassee, Florida, personal inquiry June 2008.
Jump up ^ Soundrapandian, C; Datta S; Sa B (2007). "Drug-eluting implants for osteomyelitis". Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 24 (6): 493–545. doi:10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v24.i6.10. PMID 18298388. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
Jump up ^ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/saucerization
Jump up ^ Mader JT, Adams KR, Sutton TE (1987). "Infectious diseases: pathophysiology and mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen". J. Hyperbaric Med. 2 (3): 133–140. Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
Jump up ^ Kawashima M, Tamura H, Nagayoshi I, Takao K, Yoshida K, Yamaguchi T (2004). "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in orthopedic conditions". Undersea Hyperb Med. 31 (1): 155–62. PMID 15233171. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
Jump up ^ Baer M.D., William S. (1 July 1931). "The Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis with the Maggot (Larva of the Blow Fly)". Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 13 (3): 438–475. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
Jump up ^ McKeever, Duncan Clark (June 2008). "The Classic: Maggots in Treatment of Osteomyelitis: A Simple Inexpensive Method". Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 466 (6): 1329–35. doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0240-5. PMC 2384033. PMID 18404291.
Jump up ^ Aurégan, JC; Bégué, T (December 2015). "Bioactive glass for long bone infection: a systematic review". Injury. 46 Suppl 8: S3–7. doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(15)30048-6. PMID 26747915.
Jump up ^ van Gestel, NA; Geurts, J; Hulsen, DJ; van Rietbergen, B; Hofmann, S; Arts, JJ (2015). "Clinical Applications of S53P4 Bioactive Glass in Bone Healing and Osteomyelitic Treatment: A Literature Review". BioMed Research International. 2015: 1–12. doi:10.1155/2015/684826. PMC 4609389. PMID 26504821.
Jump up ^ Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.
External links[edit]
Classification
D
ICD-10: M86
ICD-9-CM: 730
MeSH: D010019
DiseasesDB: 9367
External resources
MedlinePlus: 000437
eMedicine: ped/1677
Patient UK: Osteomyelitis
Media related to Osteomyelitis at Wikimedia Commons
00298 at CHORUS
Acosta, Chin; et al. (2004). "Diagnosis and management of adult pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical spine" (PDF). Neurosurg Focus. 17 (6): E2. doi:10.3171/foc.2004.17.6.2. PMID 15636572.
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Bone and joint disease (M80–M94, 730–733)
Bone
Inflammation
endocrine:
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Brown tumor
infection:
Osteomyelitis
Sequestrum
Involucrum
Sesamoiditis
Brodie abscess
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Ainhum
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bone cyst
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