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Direct current
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Unidirectional flow of electric charge
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Direct Current (red line). The vertical axis shows current or voltage and the horizontal 't' axis measures time and shows the zero value.
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. A battery is a good example of a DC power supply. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current.[1]
The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage.[2][3]
Direct current may be obtained from an alternating current supply by use of a rectifier, which contains electronic elements (usually) or electromechanical elements (historically) that allow current to flow only in one direction. Direct current may be converted into alternating current with an inverter or a motor-generator set.
Direct current is used to charge batteries and as power supply for electronic systems. Very large quantities of direct-current power are used in production of aluminum and other electrochemical processes. It is also used for some railways, especially in urban areas. High-voltage direct current is used to transmit large amounts of power from remote generation sites or to interconnect alternating current power grids.
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Contents
1 History
2 Various definitions
3 Circuits
4 Applications
4.1 Domestic
4.2 Automotive
4.3 Telecommunication
4.4 High-voltage power transmission
4.5 Other
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Further information: History of electric power transmission
Brush Electric Company's central power plant with dynamos generating direct current to power arc lamps for public lighting in New York. Beginning operation in December 1880 at 133 West Twenty-Fifth Street, the high voltages it operated at allowed it to power a 2-mile (3.2 km) long circuit.[4]
Direct current was produced in 1800 by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta's battery, his Voltaic pile.[5] The nature of how current flowed was not understood. French physicist André-Marie Ampère conjectured that current travelled in one direction from positive to negative.[6] When French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii built the first dynamo electric generator in 1832, he found that as the magnet used passed the loops of wire each half turn, it caused the flow of electricity to reverse, generating an alternating current.[7] At Ampère's suggestion, Pixii later added a commutator, a type of "switch" where contacts on the shaft work with "brush" contacts to produce direct current.
The late 1870s and early 1880s saw electricity starting to be generated at power stations. These were initially set up to power arc lighting (a popular type of street lighting) running on very high voltage (usually higher than 3000 volt) direct current or alternating current.[8] This was followed by the wide spread use of low voltage direct current for indoor electric lighting in business and homes after inventor Thomas Edison launched his incandescent bulb based electric "utility" in 1882. Because of the significant advantages of alternating current over direct current in using transformers to raise and lower voltages to allow much longer transmission distances, direct current was replaced over the next few decades by alternating current in power delivery. In the mid-1950s, high-voltage direct current transmission was developed, and is now an option instead of long-distance high voltage alternating current systems. For long distance underseas cables (e.g. between countries, such as NorNed), this DC option is the only technically feasible option. For applications requiring direct current, such as third rail power systems, alternating current is distributed to a substation, which utilizes a rectifier to convert the power to direct current.
Various definitions[edit]
Types of direct current
The term DC is used to refer to power systems that use only one polarity of voltage or current, and to refer to the constant, zero-frequency, or slowly varying local mean value of a voltage or current.[9] For example, the voltage across a DC voltage source is constant as is the current through a DC current source. The DC solution of an electric circuit is the solution where all voltages and currents are constant. It can be shown that any stationary voltage or current waveform can be decomposed into a sum of a DC component and a zero-mean time-varying component; the DC component is defined to be the expected value, or the average value of the voltage or current over all time.
Although DC stands for "direct current", DC often refers to "constant polarity". Under this definition, DC voltages can vary in time, as seen in the raw output of a rectifier or the fluctuating voice signal on a telephone line.
Some forms of DC (such as that produced by a voltage regulator) have almost no variations in voltage, but may still have variations in output power and current.
Circuits[edit]
A direct current circuit is an electrical circuit that consists of any combination of constant voltage sources, constant current sources, and resistors. In this case, the circuit voltages and currents are independent of time. A particular circuit voltage or current does not depend on the past value of any circuit voltage or current. This implies that the system of equations that represent a DC circuit do not involve integrals or derivatives with respect to time.
If a capacitor or inductor is added to a DC circuit, the resulting circuit is not, strictly speaking, a DC circuit. However, most such circuits have a DC solution. This solution gives the circuit voltages and currents when the circuit is in DC steady state. Such a circuit is represented by a system of differential equations. The solution to these equations usually contain a time varying or transient part as well as constant or steady state part. It is this steady state part that is the DC solution. There are some circuits that do not have a DC solution. Two simple examples are a constant current source connected to a capacitor and a constant voltage source connected to an inductor.
In electronics, it is common to refer to a circuit that is powered by a DC voltage source such as a battery or the output of a DC power supply as a DC circuit even though what is meant is that the circuit is DC powered.
Applications[edit]
This section needs expansion with: more examples and additional citations (see also introduction). You can help by adding to it. (October 2015)
Domestic[edit]
This symbol which can be represented with Unicode character U+2393 (⎓) is found on many electronic devices that either require or produce direct current.
DC is commonly found in many extra-low voltage applications and some low-voltage applications, especially where these are powered by batteries or solar power systems (since both can produce only DC).
Most electronic circuits require a DC power supply.
Domestic DC installations usually have different types of sockets, connectors, switches, and fixtures from those suitable for alternating current. This is mostly due to the lower voltages used, resulting in higher currents to produce the same amount of power.
It is usually important with a DC appliance to observe polarity, unless the device has a diode bridge to correct for this.
Automotive[edit]
Most automotive applications use DC. The alternator is an AC device which uses a rectifier to produce DC. Usually 12 V DC are used, but a few have a 6 V (e.g. classic VW Beetle) or a 42 V electrical system.
Telecommunication[edit]
Through the use of a DC-DC converter, higher DC voltages such as 48 V to 72 V DC can be stepped down to 36 V, 24 V, 18 V, 12 V, or 5 V to supply different loads. In a telecommunications system operating at 48 V DC, it is generally more efficient to step voltage down to 12 V to 24 V DC with a DC-DC converter and power equipment loads directly at their native DC input voltages, versus operating a 48 V DC to 120 V AC inverter to provide power to equipment.
Many telephones connect to a twisted pair of wires, and use a bias tee to internally separate the AC component of the voltage between the two wires (the audio signal) from the DC component of the voltage between the two wires (used to power the phone).
Telephone exchange communication equipment, such as DSLAMs, uses standard −48 V DC power supply. The negative polarity is achieved by grounding the positive terminal of power supply system and the battery bank. This is done to prevent electrolysis depositions.
High-voltage power transmission[edit]
Main article: High-voltage direct current
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission systems use DC for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current systems. For long-distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses.
Other[edit]
Applications using fuel cells (mixing hydrogen and oxygen together with a catalyst to produce electricity and water as byproducts) also produce only DC.
Light aircraft electrical systems are typically 12 V or 20 V DC.
See also[edit]
Electronics portal
Energy portal
Alternating current
DC bias
Electric current
High-voltage direct current power transmission.
Neutral direct-current telegraph system
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andrew J. Robinson, Lynn Snyder-Mackler (2007). Clinical Electrophysiology: Electrotherapy and Electrophysiologic Testing (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7817-4484-3.
Jump up ^ N. N. Bhargava and D. C. Kulshrishtha (1984). Basic Electronics & Linear Circuits. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-07-451965-3.
Jump up ^ National Electric Light Association (1915). Electrical meterman's handbook. Trow Press. p. 81.
Jump up ^ Mel Gorman. "Charles F. Brush and the First Public Electric Street Lighting System in America". Ohio History. Kent State University Press. Ohio Historical Society. 70: 142. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta – grants.hhp.coe.uh.edu
Jump up ^ Jim Breithaupt, Physics, Palgrave Macmillan – 2010, page 175
Jump up ^ "Pixii Machine invented by Hippolyte Pixii, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory". Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
Jump up ^ The First Form of Electric Light History of the Carbon Arc Lamp (1800 – 1980s)
Jump up ^ Roger S. Amos, Geoffrey William Arnold Dummer (1999). Newnes Dictionary of Electronic (4th ed.). Newnes. p. 83. ISBN 0-7506-4331-5.
External links[edit]
AC/DC: What's the Difference? – PBS Learning Media
DC And AC Supplies – ITACA
Authority control
BNF: cb125728771 (data)
GND: 4021242-7
LCCN: sh85041613
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Marlboro Man
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Marlboro Man
A Marlboro Man on a tobacco advertisement (Warsaw, 2007).
First appearance
1954
Last appearance
1999
Created by
Leo Burnett Worldwide
Information
Gender
Male
Occupation
Cowboy
The Marlboro Man is a figure used in tobacco advertising campaigns for Marlboro cigarettes. In the United States, where the campaign originated, it was used from 1954 to 1999. The Marlboro Man was first conceived by Leo Burnett in 1954. The images initially featured rugged men portrayed in a variety of roles[1] but later primarily featured a rugged cowboy or cowboys, in nature with a cigarette. The advertisements were originally conceived as a way to popularize filtered cigarettes, which at the time were considered feminine.
The Marlboro advertising campaign, created by Leo Burnett Worldwide, is said to be one of the most brilliant advertisement campaigns of all time.[2] It transformed a feminine campaign, with the slogan "Mild as May", into one that was masculine, in a matter of months. There were many Marlboro Men. The first models were a Navy Lieutenant and Andy Armstrong, the ad agency’s art supervisor.[3][4][5] Other early models were sales promotion director of Philip Morris, Robert Larking, and others from the Leo Burnett ad agency, Lee Stanley and Owen Smith.[6] A number of models who have portrayed the Marlboro Man have died of smoking-related diseases.[7]
Cowboys proved to be popular, which led to the "Marlboro Cowboy" and "Marlboro Country" campaigns.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Finding the Marlboro Man
3 Results
4 Actors
5 Decline
6 Death in the West
7 In popular culture
7.1 Film
7.2 Music
7.3 Photography
7.4 Television
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Origins[edit]
Philip Morris & Co. (now Altria) had originally introduced the Marlboro brand as a woman's cigarette in 1924. Starting in the early 1950s, the cigarette industry began to focus on promoting filtered cigarettes, as a response to the emerging scientific data about harmful effects of smoking.[9] Under the impression that filtered cigarettes were safer, Marlboro, as well as other brands, started to be sold with filters. However, filtered cigarettes, Marlboro in particular, were considered to be women’s cigarettes.[10] During market research in the 1950s, men indicated that while they would consider switching to a filtered cigarette, they were concerned about being seen smoking a cigarette marketed to women.[11]
The repositioning of Marlboro as a men's cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. Most filtered cigarette advertising sought to make claims about the technology behind the filter: through the use of complex terminology and scientific claims regarding the filter, the cigarette industry wanted to ease fears about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking through risk reduction. However, Leo Burnett decided to address the growing fears through an entirely different approach: creating ads completely void of health concerns or health claims of the filtered cigarette. Burnett felt that making claims about the effectiveness of filters furthered concerns of the long-term effects of smoking. Thus, refusing to respond to health claims matched the emergent, masculine image of the New Marlboro.[citation needed]
The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series.[11] Burnett's inspiration for the exceedingly masculine "Marlboro Man" icon came in 1949 from an issue of Life magazine, whose photograph (shot by Leonard McCombe) and story of Texas cowboy Clarence Hailey Long caught his attention.[12] Within a year, Marlboro's market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy.[11] In the mid fifties, the cowboy image was popularized by actor Paul Birch in 3 page magazine ads and in TV ads.
Using another approach to expand the Marlboro Man market base, Philip Morris felt the prime market was “post adolescent kids who were just beginning to smoke as a way of declaring their independence from their parents.”[13]
When the new Marlboro Country theme opened in late 1963, the actors utilized as Marlboro Man were replaced, for the most part, with real working cowboys. In the same year the campaign began to use Elmer Bernstein's 1960 theme music from The Magnificent Seven. "In 1963, at the 6 6 6 6 Ranch in Guthrie, Texas, they discovered Carl "Big-un" Bradley. He was the first real cowboy they used, and from then on the lead Marlboro men were real cowboys, rodeo riders, stuntmen."[14][15] Another of this new breed of real cowboys was Max Bryan "Turk" Robinson, of Hugo, Oklahoma; Turk says that he was recruited for the role while at a rodeo simply standing around behind the chutes, as was the custom for cowboys who had not yet ridden their event. It took only a few years for the results to register. By 1972, the new Marlboro Man would have so much market appeal that Marlboro cigarettes were catapulted to the top of the tobacco industry.[citation needed]
Finding the Marlboro Man[edit]
Initially, cowboy commercials involving the Marlboro Man featured paid models, such as William Thourlby,[16] pretending to carry out cowboy tasks. However, Burnett felt that the commercials lacked authenticity, as it was apparent that the subjects were not real cowboys and did not have the desired rugged look. One of the finest was a non-smoking rodeo cowboy, Max Bryan "Turk" Robinson, who was recruited at a rodeo. Leo Burnett was not satisfied with the cowboy actors found. Broadway and MGM movie actor Christian Haren won the role as the first Marlboro Man in the early 1960s as he looked the part. Burnett then came across Darrell Winfield, who worked on a ranch, after a Cattle Rancher by the name Keith Alexander declined the role because he did not believe in smoking. Leo Burnett’s creative director was awed when he first saw Winfield: “I had seen cowboys, but I had never seen one that just really, like, he sort of scared the hell out of me (as he was so much a real cowboy).” Winfield’s immediate authenticity led to his 20-year run as the Marlboro Man, which lasted until the late 1980s. Upon Winfield’s retirement, Philip Morris reportedly spent $300 million searching for a new Marlboro Man.[17][18]
After appearing as the Marlboro Man in 1987 advertising, former rodeo cowboy Brad Johnson landed a lead role in Steven Spielberg's feature film Always (1989), with Holly Hunter and Richard Dreyfuss.[19]
Results[edit]
The use of the Marlboro Man campaign had very significant and immediate effects on sales. In 1955, when the Marlboro Man campaign was started, sales were at $5 billion. By 1957, sales were at $20 billion, representing a 300% increase within two years. Philip Morris easily overcame growing health concerns through the Marlboro Man campaign, highlighting the success as well as the tobacco industry’s strong ability to use mass marketing to influence the public.[20]
The immediate success of the Marlboro Man campaign led to heavy imitation. Old Golds adopted the tagline marking it a cigarette for "independent thinkers". Chesterfield depicted cowboy and other masculine occupations to match their tagline: "Men of America" smoke Chesterfields.[21]
Actors[edit]
Four men who claimed to have appeared in Marlboro-related advertisements—Wayne McLaren, David McLean, Dick Hammer and Eric Lawson[22] —died of smoking-related diseases, thus earning Marlboro cigarettes, specifically Marlboro Reds, the nickname "Cowboy killers".[23] McLaren testified in favor of anti-smoking legislation at the age of 51. During the time of McLaren's anti-smoking activism, Philip Morris denied that McLaren ever appeared in a Marlboro ad, a position it later amended to maintain that while he did appear in ads, he was not the Marlboro Man; Winfield held that title. In response, McLaren produced an affidavit from a talent agency that had represented him, along with a pay check stub, asserting he had been paid for work on a 'Marlboro print' job.[24] McLaren died before his 52nd birthday in 1992.[25][26]
Eric Lawson, the fourth man to portray the smoking cowboy, who appeared in Marlboro print ads from 1978 to 1981, died at the age of 72 on January 10, 2014, of respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. A smoker since age 14, Lawson later appeared in an anti-smoking commercial that parodied the Marlboro Man, and also in an Entertainment Tonight segment to discuss the negative effects of smoking.[27]
The fifth and most famous of the 'Marlboro Men' lived a long life after fading from the public limelight. Darrell Winfield, a resident of Riverton, Wyoming, was the longest living Marlboro Man to appear on billboards and in advertisements. Leo Burnett Ad Agency discovered him in 1968 while he was working on the Quarter Circle 5 Ranch in Wyoming. Winfield's chiseled rugged good looks made him the macho face of Marlboro cigarettes on television, in newspapers, magazines and on billboards, from the 1968 to 1989. Winfield was survived by his wife, a son, five daughters, and grandchildren. [3]
There is a sixth claimant to the Marlboro Man title. In The Cowboy and His Elephant, written by Malcolm MacPherson, which is ostensibly a biography of Bob Norris and mainly focuses on his raising an elephant on his ranch, MacPherson describes how Norris came to be photographed for Life magazine and become the Marlboro Man for the next 12 years (pp. 65–69, 73).
Another Marlboro Man died of lung cancer in 2008, Jerome Edward Jackson, aka Tobin Jackson, former owner of the world-renowned Mastiff kennels "Deer Run".
Decline[edit]
In many countries, the Marlboro Man is an icon of the past due to increasing pressure on tobacco advertising for health reasons, especially where the practice of smoking appears to be celebrated or glorified. The deaths described above may also have made it more difficult to use the campaign without attracting negative comment. The Marlboro Man image continued until at least the early 2000s, in countries such as Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic.[28] It still continues in the United States, and Japan (on tobacco vending machines, for example), where smoking is widespread in the male population.
Death in the West[edit]
Main article: Death in the West
Death in the West, a Thames Television documentary,[29] is an exposé of the cigarette industry that aired on British television in 1976.[30] In its March/April 1996 issue, Mother Jones said of Death in the West: "It is one of the most powerful anti-smoking films ever made. You will never see it."[31] The second sentence refers to the fact that Philip Morris sued the filmmakers, and in a 1979 secret settlement all copies were suppressed.[32] However, Professor Stanton Glantz released the film and San Francisco's then-NBC affiliate KRON-TV aired the documentary in May 1982.[32]
The California Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, in cooperation with the Risk and Youth: Smoking Project Lawrence Hall of Science University of California, Berkeley, created a manual to accompany the film, titled "A Curriculum for Death in the West".[33] The first two paragraphs of the Introduction read:
The California Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation is pleased to provide this booklet containing a self-contained curriculum for upper elementary and junior high school students to supplement the viewing of "Death in the West." Considered by many to be the most powerful anti-smoking documentary ever made, "Death in the West" contrasts the advertising image of the "Marlboro Man" with the reality of six American cowboys dying of cigarette-related illnesses. The film, produced in England in 1976 and later suppressed by the Philip Morris Company, makers of Marlboro cigarettes, illustrates the intrinsically false nature of cigarette advertising. It makes the Marlboro Man less attractive. The "Death in the West" Curriculum is designed to maximize the educational and emotional impact of seeing the documentary. The curriculum is based on a comprehensive smoking prevention program created and tested by the Risk and Youth: Smoking Project of the Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley. The activities included here were developed in classrooms throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and adapted specifically for use with the airing of "Death in the West" by KRON-TV of San Francisco.
NBC Monitor produced an investigative TV report titled Death in the West (June 18, 1983), which is accessible at the Internet Archive.[34]
In popular culture[edit]
"Jeff the diseased lung in a cowboy hat": Marlboro Man parody by John Oliver in "Tobacco" (Last Week Tonight).
Film[edit]
In the film Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991), Don Johnson portrays the Marlboro Man.
In the film in Thank You for Smoking (2005), Sam Elliott plays Lorne Lutch, a cancer stricken former Marlboro Man.
In the film Fargo (1996), a reference to the Marlboro Man is made in an interview by police chief Marge Gunderson (Frances McDormand) with two prostitutes about an encounter with Gaear Grimsrud (Peter Stormare).
Music[edit]
The Paula Cole song "Where Have All the Cowboys Gone?" features the verse "Where is my Marlboro Man?".
The Harvey Danger song "Sad Sweetheart of the Rodeo" features the sarcastic verse: "The Marlboro Man died of cancer/And he wasn't a rocket scientist when he was healthy/ha ha ha".
The Jason Aldean song "Dirt Road Anthem" references "The king in the can and the Marlboro man"
Photography[edit]
Artist Richard Prince's series, known as the Cowboys (produced from 1980 to 1992 and ongoing), is his most famous group of appropriated rephotographs, in this case taken from Marlboro cigarette advertisements of the Marlboro Man.
Television[edit]
In the Seinfeld episode "The Abstinence" (airdate November 21, 1996), Cosmo Kramer sues a tobacco company but settles out of court. His settlement is the placement of his face as that of the Marlboro Man's on a billboard in Times Square.
In the Futurama episode "Where the Buggalo Roam", a barbeque attendee resembles the Marlboro Man.
An episode of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver featured "Jeff the Diseased Lung in a Cowboy Hat", a cartoon character parodying the Marlboro Man, which was suggested as a new replacement mascot for Marlboro.
See also[edit]
Joe Camel
References[edit]
Jump up ^ • The Denver Post, January 15, 1991 Page 9A online at http://beta.industrydocuments.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/lhwh0172[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Katie Connolly (3 January 2011). "Six ads that changed the way you think". BBC.
Jump up ^ The New Advertising: The Great Campaigns from Avis to Volkswagen by Robert Glatzer, Page 127; online at http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/action/document/page?tid=lfp76b00&page=7
Jump up ^ Ad Age article by John Mcdonough. Published on July 31, 1995: online at http://adage.com/article/news/burnett-enduring-culture-60-year-mark-agency-hews-rock-solid-values-principles-founder/86243/
Jump up ^ Advertising Age, April 30, 1980 (Special Anniversary Issue), Page 12 "How the ‘Marlboro Man’ Flexed His Muscles and Became No. 1"; online at http://beta.industrydocuments.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/mgbm0040[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/action/document/page?tid=gvm98h00&page=7
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Vintage Ads: 1975 "Marlboro Country" ad campaign One such Marlboro Man was Robert Norris, a rancher discovered on his Colorado Ranch in the early 1960s as the ad shoot was in progress. Norris replaced the hired male model. He remained in the role for 12 years. On January 10, 2014, Eric Lawson, who portrayed the rugged Marlboro man in cigarette ads during the late 1970s, has died. He was 72.
Jump up ^ http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/patc/marlboroman/
Jump up ^ Brandt, A. (2006). The Cigarette Century. New York: Basic Books.
^ Jump up to: a b c Erin Barrett and Jack Mingo, ed. (2003). W.C. Privy's Original Bathroom Companion. St. Martin's Press. pp. 407–410. ISBN 0-312-28750-X.
Jump up ^ Clarence Hailey Long
Jump up ^ Barry, A. M. (1997). Visual Intelligence: Perception, Image and Manipulation in Visual Communications. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Jump up ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-06-27/features/9706270121_1_marlboro-man-cowboy-philip-morris/2#sthash.S9IyktiD.dpuf
Jump up ^ Cartwright, Gary, "The Death of the Marlboro Man", Texas Monthly, Sept 1973 [2]
Jump up ^ Kilgannon, Corey (3 August 2012). "Face of Marlboro Prefers to Be Alone". New York Times. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Blaszczyk, R. L. (2008). Producing Fashion: Commerce, Culture and Consumers. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Jump up ^ Bergon, Frank, "West of California: A Visit With the Marlboro Man. Audience. Vol 1, No. 5 (September–October 1971): 42–48.
Jump up ^ "An Ex-Marlboro Man Who Can Really Ride, Brad Johnson Adds Sigh Appeal to Always". People.
Jump up ^ Roman, K. (2009). The Kings of Madison Avenue. New York: St. Martins Press.
Jump up ^ Moellinger, T., & Craig, S. (n.d.). "So Rich, So Mild, So Fresh": A Critical Look at TV Cigarette Commercials: 1948–1971.
Jump up ^ "Marlboro ad man Eric Lawson dies of chronic lung disease". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Turning morons into millionaires, Herald-Journal. Accessed 18 November 2007.
Jump up ^ "Wayne McLaren, 51, Rodeo Rider and Model". The New York Times. 1992-07-25. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
Jump up ^ 28 May 2001 "Malboro Manslaughter", Urban Legends Reference Pages. Accessed 28 July 2005.
Jump up ^ Dead or Alive?. Accessed 28 July 2005
Jump up ^ "Actor who played Marlboro Man in ads dies from smoking-related disease". Associated Press. 2014-01-27. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
Jump up ^ Washington, Tom (May 14, 2001). "Smoke Screen". http://inthesetimes.com. Retrieved June 2, 2014. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ Death in The West
Jump up ^ "Movies: Death in the West (1983)". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Adam Hochschild (March–April 1996). "Shoot-Out in Marlboro Country (cont'd)". Mother Jones.
^ Jump up to: a b "Death in the West (Thames-TV anti-smoking documentary)". ScienceCorruption.com.
Jump up ^ California Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (1983). "A Curriculum for Death in the West". Archived from the original on 2013-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Report about 'Death in the West'". Internet Archive. 1983.
External links[edit]
Look up Marlboro Man in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Death in the West (1983) at QuitSmokingMessageBoard
Death in the West (1983) at YouTube: Part 1 of 4, Part 2 of 4, Part 3 of 4, Part 4 of 4
The Life photo of C. H. Long
UCSF Tobacco Industry Videos Collection
Companies portal
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The Good Place
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Good Place
Genre
Comedy
Philosophical fiction[1][2][3]
Fantasy[4][5]
Dystopia[6][7]
Created by
Michael Schur
Starring
Kristen Bell
William Jackson Harper
Jameela Jamil
D'Arcy Carden
Manny Jacinto
Ted Danson
Composer(s)
David Schwartz
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
26 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Michael Schur
David Miner
Morgan Sackett
Drew Goddard
Producer(s)
David Hyman
Joe Mande
Megan Amram
Editor(s)
Colin Patton
Matthew Barbato
Eric Kissack
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
22 minutes
Production company(s)
Fremulon
3 Arts Entertainment
Universal Television
Release
Original network
NBC
Audio format
5.1 Dolby Digital with DVS on SAP
Original release
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) – present
External links
Website
The Good Place is an American fantasy-comedy television series created by Michael Schur. The series premiered on September 19, 2016, on NBC.[8]
The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is introduced by Michael (Ted Danson) to "The Good Place", a Heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. She realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior and try to become a better person. William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of "The Good Place", together with D'Arcy Carden as Janet, an artificial being helping the inhabitants.
The Good Place has received positive reviews since its premiere, with many praising its performances, writing, originality, setting and tone, as well as its first-season finale's twist ending and its exploration and creative use of ethics and philosophy.
On January 30, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes, which premiered on Wednesday, September 20, 2017 with an hour-long premiere before moving to its normal time slot on Thursday at 8:30 pm, beginning September 28, 2017.[9] On November 21, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode third season, which will premiere on September 27, 2018.[10][11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
1.1 Season 1
1.2 Season 2
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Development and casting
4.2 Filming
5 Broadcast and release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Ratings
6.2 Critical response
6.2.1 Critics' top-ten lists
6.3 Accolades
7 References
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Main article: The Good Place (season 1)
After her death, Eleanor Shellstrop is welcomed into the afterlife by Michael, an immortal architect, who welcomes Eleanor into the "Good Place", a utopian afterlife. Soon after, she realizes she has been mistaken for someone else. Eleanor quickly tells her assigned soulmate, a university ethics professor named Chidi, that she has been mistaken for someone else. He agrees to teach Eleanor to become a better person to earn her spot. Her neighbor, a silent Buddhist monk named Jianyu-Li, whose soulmate is socialite Tahani Al-Jamil, reveals that he knows Eleanor is there by mistake, and that he himself is actually a former DJ named Jason Mendoza. As Chidi continues to teach Eleanor and Jason ethics lessons, Tahani tries to work out a way in which Eleanor and Jason can be allowed to stay in The Good Place. When those efforts prove fruitless, an eternal judge named Shawn rules that Eleanor and Jason must be sent to the Bad Place. In the season finale's twist ending, Eleanor deduces that the four have actually been in the Bad Place all along, and Michael reveals his demonic plot to have the four human inhabitants torture each other for all eternity emotionally and psychologically. He then announces his intent to wipe their memories and separate the four, but just before he does so, Eleanor smuggles a note to herself into an artificial intelligence named Janet.
Season 2[edit]
Main article: The Good Place (season 2)
Michael erases their memories and attempts the experiment again, but the group figures out the truth repeatedly. After more than 800 reboots, the other demons stage a coup against Michael and threaten to inform his boss about the repeated failures. He eventually teams up with the group and promises to get them all into the real good place. The group later escapes with Michael's help, and they attempt to get to the Good Place by appealing to an entity known as the judge, named Gen (short for hydrogen). She gives tests to each human which play to their weaknesses. They all fail except Eleanor. Gen is also not convinced that the improvements the four of them have shown are due to them being good people. Instead, she believes that their changes are due to their desire for "moral desert". Michael appeals, believing that all they need is a push and they are all sent back to earth without memory of their afterlife, with their deaths now replaced with near-death experiences to give them a chance to overcome their flaws for the right reasons. After a false start, Michael intervenes and points Eleanor in the direction of Chidi.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Kristen Bell portrays series protagonist Eleanor Shellstrop.
Kristen Bell as Eleanor Shellstrop, a deceased saleswoman from Arizona who entered an afterlife utopia called "The Good Place" seemingly after being mistaken for a human rights lawyer by the same name.[12] With the aid of her alleged soulmate, Chidi, she attempts to reform by learning about ethics, believing she still has a chance to earn a legitimate spot in The Good Place. Now that Eleanor knows about Michael's experiments and the memory wipes, Eleanor became the de facto leader in the group "Team Cockroach" after she makes a truce with Michael to keep Shawn from finding out about the reboots in exchange for helping the humans get to the real Good Place. As of season 2, she is the only person from "Team Cockroach" who, having passed Gen's test, qualifies for the real Good Place. However, she lies to her team and tells them she also failed miserably.
William Jackson Harper as Chidi Anagonye, a deceased ethics professor who was born in Nigeria and raised in Senegal, Eleanor's alleged soulmate. Though he took a while to accept it, he discovers that he and Eleanor were meant to be soulmates because he was always there for her. He is the first person to learn her secret and begins teaching her about ethics to reform both her and Jason. He died on earth when an air conditioner fell on his head outside his apartment building.[13] Chidi speaks French, but in this afterlife, his speech is translated into whatever languages people who listen to him speak; therefore, he appears to speak English to Eleanor and the audience.
Jameela Jamil as Tahani Al-Jamil, a deceased, wealthy philanthropist who traveled extensively around the world. She was born in Pakistan, raised in England, and went to school in France. Tahani, whose full name means "Congratulations Beautiful", is a seemingly-good-natured soul with a cheerful and helpful attitude who was constantly overshadowed by her younger sister, Kamilah during her time on Earth. She died on Earth when an attempt to take down a statue of her sister at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio fails. Instead of finally freeing herself from her sister's shadow, her sister's statue crushes her to death. Tahani gradually learns the truth about Eleanor and Jason following Eleanor's arrival. Initially, Eleanor dislikes Tahani, finding her positive attitude, condescending manner, and her tendency to name drop obnoxious, but the two eventually become friends.[14]
D'Arcy Carden as Janet, a programmed guide who acts as the neighborhood's main source of information, analogous to an intelligent personal assistant. She is the 25th generation of "Janet" programs like her, dating back to a predecessor featuring a click-wheel. She has infinite knowledge of the universe, can provide residents anything they desire, and details everything of what is happening in the Good Place but does have some flaws. Since she is the only individual who came from a true Good Place (Michael admits to having stolen her in the season 1 finale), Janet is subject to numerous reboots; she pleads with whoever tries to push a red button that shuts her down not to kill her. These reboots give Janet increased abilities as well as programming capabilities that compel her to make humans happy, as she'll only answer to what the humans want her to do, including keeping their secrets to escaping the Bad Place. Janet is incompatible with lies and must tell the objective truth. In season 1, after she was rebooted the first time, Jason and Janet fell in love with each other and got married. It is revealed in season 2 that her feelings for Jason have remained despite memory wipes causing glitches. As Janet becomes more self-aware with each reboot, she realizes that the neighborhood may be destroyed due to her computer glitches, and she begs Michael to "kill" her and turn her into a marble. Michael, after having attended so many of Chidi's lessons on ethics, can not bring himself to permanently disable Janet because he now considers her to be his best friend. Since Michael will not agree to permanently disable her, Janet creates a new boyfriend for herself whom she chooses to disable later in the season.
Carden also plays "Bad Janet", Janet's counterpart from The Bad Place.[15]
Manny Jacinto as "Jianyu Li", a supposedly silent Buddhist monk from Taiwan and Tahani's soulmate. Eleanor discovers he is actually Jason Mendoza from Jacksonville, Florida, an amateur DJ, devoted Jacksonville Jaguars fan, and backup dancer who sold fake drugs to high school students.[16] After Janet is rebooted in Season 1, Jason develops feelings for her because she is the only one who is nice to him; the two marry, but because his memory is wiped in the season 1 finale, he is unaware of his marriage to Janet until he is told about it in season 2. Prior to that, his forgotten love for Janet led to him bonding (and sleeping with) Tahani; the two almost marry, but decide not to do so after they are reminded of his previous relationship with Janet. Though the two remain together for a time, near the end of season 2, Tahani breaks off the relationship because she recognizes she should not rely so much on others for her sense of worth.
Ted Danson as Michael, the architect of The Good Place where Eleanor and her fellow humans reside. He exhibits a deep fascination for humans and human life, delighting from things ranging from paperclips to suspenders to car keys. In the first-season finale, it is discovered that he is a Bad Place demon who constructed a fake "Good Place" to torture Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason. Unfortunately, he ends up repeatedly restarting his experiment due to Eleanor (and one time Jason) always figuring out that "The Good Place" is "The Bad Place", leading to his routine failure, as well as hiding the constant resets from Shawn in order to avoid "retirement" (an euphemism for an eternity of torture). As part of a truce he makes with Eleanor so his failing project will not be exposed and a chance to reform his behavior, Michael agrees to let the humans keep their memories and help them get into the true Good Place as well as to take Chidi's ethics lessons.
Recurring[edit]
Tiya Sircar as the "real Eleanor Shellstrop", a human rights lawyer mistakenly sent to The Bad Place, who was killed trying to save Eleanor from a traffic accident, causing confusion because the two Eleanors were close to one another and died almost simultaneously. In the finale of season 1, she is revealed to be a demonic colleague of Michael's named Vicky Sengupta, who is part of the experiment. In season 2, in one of many reboots, Michael gives Vicky a significantly smaller role as Denise, a restaurant owner, to Vicky's dissatisfaction. After having to go through hundreds of Michael's failed attempts, Vicky blackmails him, saying he will reboot the neighborhood and blank the memories of the humans again, and put her in charge of the new neighborhood; if he does not agree to her terms, she will alert Shawn to her documentation of his many failures, and request that he initiate Michael's retirement. This makes Michael desperate enough to team up with the humans, whose memories he only pretends to blank. Vicky is later placed in a cocoon after Michael convinces Shawn that she betrayed them during the experiments.
Adam Scott as Trevor. In season 1, he is portrayed as a sinister figure representing The Bad Place, sent upon Eleanor's true identity being revealed, vowing to take her with him. He leads an entourage of demons that parties endlessly and bullies Michael.[17]
Marc Evan Jackson as Shawn, an all-powerful Eternal Judge who decides on matters between the two realms. He is called in to hear Eleanor's fate. In the season 1 finale, his true nature was revealed: he is Michael's boss. He believes Michael will fail in his second attempt, and he makes it clear that Michael's failure in this regard will result in Michael's retirement, and that only one more chance will be given. Shawn later buys Michael's "truth" of the second experiment and promote him to oversee an entire universe of neighborhoods.
Maribeth Monroe as Mindy St. Claire, the only resident of The Medium Place, a neutral plane of existence between The Good Place and The Bad Place. She is a former corporate lawyer, cocaine addict, and is somewhat sexually depraved, as evidenced by the fact that she has taped and kept track of times when Eleanor and Chidi shared intimacy during their repeated visits. Regarding those visits, she told a reluctant and disbelieving Eleanor that she (Eleanor) and Chidi have been romantically linked for a long time, even though it may seem to Eleanor as if she and Chidi just met. Because of her location and existence, Mindy is a real person and not subjected to the experimental nature in which both places are being run. It is implied that Mindy died in the 1980s as evidenced in her environmental surroundings (such as having a TV set with recordable VHS tapes which enabled her to record one of the sex tapes over Cannonball Run 2; she also has a People magazine cover featuring Pierce Brosnan that she keeps reading).
Jason Mantzoukas as Derek Hoffstettler, an artificial "rebound guy" that Janet creates to get over Jason.
Maya Rudolph as Judge Hydrogen (or "Jen" for short), an impartial inter-dimensional judge who rules on matters involving the Good Place and the Bad Place.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Good Place episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)
2 13 September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20) February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)
Production[edit]
Development and casting[edit]
Series creator and executive producer Michael Schur.
NBC issued a press release on August 13, 2015, announcing it had given the then untitled show a 13-episode order based purely on a pitch by Michael Schur.[18] On January 12, 2016, it was announced that Kristen Bell and Ted Danson had been cast in the lead roles for the series. The first synopsis of the show was also released, stating that the show was set to revolve around Eleanor designing her own self-improvement course with Michael acting as her guide[12] – although the afterlife element had always been a part of the series, as Kristen Bell has stated she was aware of the first-season finale twist when she signed onto the show.[19]
William Jackson Harper was cast as Chris on February 11, 2016,[13] though the character was renamed Chidi. Jameela Jamil was cast as Tessa on February 25, 2016,[14] and her character was renamed Tahani. On March 3, 2016, Manny Jacinto was revealed to have been cast as a "sweet and good-natured Jason" whose "dream is to make a living as a DJ in Southern Florida".[16] On March 14, 2016, D'Arcy Carden was cast in the final series regular role as Janet Della-Denunzio, a violin salesperson with a checkered past[15] – though the character was completely reworked, she retained her original first name in the series.
The final premise for the show, including the afterlife element, was ultimately announced on May 15, 2016, when NBC announced its schedule for the 2016–17 TV season.[20]
Filming[edit]
According to Schur, the premise and idea was to include religious elements into the series after doing research on various faiths and groups, but he decided to scrap the plans, instead going for a concept that included all faiths that was diverse and free of religious views. "I stopped doing research because I realized it's about versions of ethical behavior, not religious salvation", he says. "The show isn't taking a side, the people who are there are from every country and religion." Schur also points out that the setting (shot in San Marino, California's Huntington Gardens) already had the feeling of a pastiche of different cultures, stating that the neighborhoods will feature people who are part of nondenominational and interdenominational backgrounds that interact with each other regardless of religion.[21]
The series' setting and premises, as well as the serialized cliffhangers were modeled on Lost, a favorite of Schur. One of the first people he called when he developed the series was Lost co-creator Damon Lindelof. "I took him to lunch and said, 'We're going to play a game [of] 'Is this anything?'" He then added "I imagine this going in the Lost way, with cliffhangers and future storylines."[22]
The first season's surprise twist, that the Good Place was the Bad Place, and Chidi, Eleanor, Jason and Tahani were the four souls chosen because they were best suited to torture each other indefinitely, is very similar in premise to philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre's stage play No Exit, in which three strangers die, are escorted to a single room by a friendly bellhop where they are informed they must co-exist together, but ultimately determine they are entirely incompatible and thus come to the conclusion that "hell is other people". The only actors who knew the truth from the start were Danson and Bell.[23]
Critics have also suggested resemblances to 1960s surreal TV show The Prisoner in its isolated, rule-bound setting.[24][25][26]
Broadcast and release[edit]
Since the start of season two in September 2017, Netflix distributes the show to various international markets with new episodes being released a few hours after their original American airing.[27]
Home media[edit]
The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on October 17, 2017.[28]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
Season
Time slot (ET)
Episodes
Season premiere
Season finale
TV season
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)
Date
Viewers
(in millions)
Date
Viewers
(in millions)
1
Monday 10:00 pm (premiere)
Thursday 8:30 pm 13 September 19, 2016 8.04[29] January 19, 2017 3.93[30] 2016–17 #77 5.72[31]
2
Wednesday 10:00 pm (premiere)
Thursday 8:30 pm 13 September 20, 2017 5.28[32] February 1, 2018 3.19[33] 2017–18 #77 5.78[34]
Critical response[edit]
Ted Danson has received acclaim for his work on the series.
The Good Place has received positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 91%, based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 7.84/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kristen Bell and Ted Danson knock it out of the park with supremely entertaining, charming performances in this absurd, clever and whimsical portrayal of the afterlife."[35] On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[36]
The editors of TV Guide placed The Good Place second among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–17 season. In its review from writer Liam Matthews, "NBC's new comedy has an impressive pedigree" (referring to Mike Schur, and stars Kristen Bell and Ted Danson, the latter cited as "arguably the greatest sitcom actor of all time"). Matthews concludes that "The hope is that their combined star power can restore NBC's tarnished comedy brand to its former glory. It won't be the next Friends, but it's something even better: a network comedy that feels different than anything that's come before."[37]
The second season has received highly positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has a rating of 100%, based on 35 reviews, with an average rating of 8.62/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "By voluntarily blowing up its premise, The Good Place sets up a second season that proves even funnier than its first."[38] On Metacritic, the second season has a score of 87 out of 100, based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[39]
Multiple critics have praised the show for its exploration and creative use of ethics and philosophy.[40][1][41] Andrew P. Street of The Guardian wrote that "moral philosophy is the beating heart of the program" and that the show "made philosophy seem cool."[42] Elizabeth Yuko of The Atlantic noted that "The Good Place stands out for dramatizing actual ethics classes onscreen, without watering down the concepts being described, and while still managing to be entertaining."[43] For their part, several philosophers have celebrated the show's largely accurate popularization of their line of work while criticizing some minor inaccuracies.[1][44]
Critics' top-ten lists[edit]
showPublication
Rank
2016[45]
2017[46]
American Film Institute N/A Shortlisted
BuddyTV N/A 7
Complex N/A 6
E! N/A 8
Entertainment Weekly 8 4
Esquire N/A 4
Film School Rejects N/A 6
Flood Magazine N/A 9
HuffPost N/A Shortlisted
Las Vegas Weekly 4 5
Lincoln Journal Star 5 8
Los Angeles Times Shortlisted N/A
New York Post N/A 7
Newsday N/A 10
Now N/A 8
Omaha World-Herald 10 N/A
Paste N/A 2
People 9 N/A
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 8 7
Reason 10a N/A
RogerEbert.com N/A 3
Rolling Stone N/A 4
Salon N/A Shortlisted
San Francisco Chronicle 7 N/A
San Jose Mercury News N/A 8
AV Club !The A.V. Club 10 1
Atlantic !The Atlantic N/A Shortlisted
Boston Globe !The Boston Globe N/A 9
New York Times !The New York Times N/A Shortlisted
Ringer !The Ringer N/A 9
Salt Lake Tribune !The Salt Lake Tribune N/A 6
Village Voice !The Village Voice 9 6
TV Guide 7 1
TVLine N/A 9
Uproxx N/A 4
USA Today N/A 2
Variety N/A 3
Vox 10 N/A
Vulture 8 4
Wilmington Star-News N/A 2
^ Tied with Patria O Muerte: Cuba, Fatherland or Death
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominees
Result
Ref.
2016 Critics' Choice Television Awards Most Exciting New Series The Good Place Won [47]
IGN Awards Best TV Comedy Series The Good Place Nominated [48]
TV Guide Most Exciting TV Series The Good Place Runner-up [37]
2017 American Film Institute Awards Top 10 TV Programs of the Year The Good Place Won [49]
Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Actor in a Comedy Series Ted Danson Won [50]
Best Actress in a Comedy Series Kristen Bell Nominated
Gold Derby Awards Comedy Lead Actor Ted Danson Nominated [51]
People's Choice Awards Favorite New Comedy Series The Good Place Nominated [52]
Saturn Awards Best Fantasy Television Series The Good Place Nominated [53]
Television Critics Association Individual Achievement in Comedy Kristen Bell Nominated [54]
Outstanding Achievement in Comedy The Good Place Nominated
Outstanding New Program The Good Place Nominated
2018 Saturn Awards Best Fantasy Television Series The Good Place Pending [55]
Hugo Award Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form Michael Schur (Episode: "Michael's Gambit") Pending [56]
Josh Siegal, Dylan Morgan and Dean Holland (Episode: "The Trolley Problem") Pending [56]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Wansbrough, Aleksandr Andreas (November 8, 2017). "Kantian comedy: the philosophy of The Good Place". The Conversation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lombrozo, Tania (October 23, 2017). "The Good Psychology In 'The Good Place'". NPR. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brogan, Jacob (October 27, 2017). "On The Good Place, Thinking Too Much About How to Be Good Can Send You Straight to Hell". Slate. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Moore, Trent (January 31, 2017). "NBC renews acclaimed fantasy sitcom The Good Place for Season 2". Syfy. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Menta, Anna (October 19, 2017). "How Mike Schur's 'The Good Place' Is Revolutionizing the Sitcom". Newsweek. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nussbaum, Emily (February 6, 2017). "Dystopia in The Good Place". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Misra, Sulagna (October 24, 2016). "The Dystopia of Black Mirror, the Utopia of The Good Place". GQ. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Michael (June 15, 2016). "NBC Sets Fall Premiere Dates, Gives 'Good Place' a Choice Preview Slot". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 31, 2017). "NBC Tweaks Fall Rollout: Good Place Gets Early Talent-Boosted Premiere, The Blacklist Return Moved Up". TVLine. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sandberg, Bryn Elise (November 21, 2017). "'The Good Place' Renewed for Season 3 at NBC (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt Webb (June 19, 2018). "NBC Fall Premiere Dates: This Is Us, #OneChicago, XL Good Place and More". TVLine. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b NBC press release (January 12, 2016). "Ted Danson and Kristen Bell Join Cast of Michael Schur's New NBC Comedy "Good Place"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (February 11, 2016). "'Good Place' NBC Comedy Series Casts William Jackson Harper". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (February 25, 2016). "'Good Place': British Presenter Jameela Jamil Cast In Mike Schur NBC Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (March 14, 2016). "'Good Place': UCB Performer D'Arcy Carden Cast In Mike Schur NBC Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Petski, Denise (March 3, 2016). "'Good Place' NBC Comedy Series Casts Manny Jacinto; Julie Goldman Joins ABC's Weeks/Mackay Project". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blevins, Joe (October 21, 2016). "Adam Scott is ascending into The Good Place for multiple episodes". The A.V. Club. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Michael Schur Returns to NBC with Series Order for Untitled Comedy". The Futon Critic. August 13, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kristen Bell on Twitter". Twitter. January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "NBC Augments Its Stable Schedule with Ambitious New Dramas, High-Concept Comedies and Unpredictable Unscripted Series". The Futon Critic. May 15, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ostrow, Joanne (September 15, 2016). "How Will NBC's 'The Good Place' Tackle Religion?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (August 16, 2016). "'The Good Place' Boss Mike Schur: The Model in My Head is 'Lost'". Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spendlove, Jacqueline. "With a twist: 'The Good Place' returns after last season's surprise ending". TV Media. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Squires, Bethy (October 25, 2016). "The Refreshing Artifice of 'The Good Place'". Splitsider. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Adams, Eric (September 16, 2016). "Kristen Bell and Ted Danson find a great home in a Good Place". The A.V. Club. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jensen, Jeff (January 20, 2017). "The Good Place season 1 finale: EW review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Munn, Patick (August 23, 2017). "Netflix Picks Up UK Rights To NBC's Comedy Series 'The Good Place', Sets September Premiere". TVWise. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (September 12, 2017). "The Good Place - Official Studio Press Release for 'The Complete 1st Season'". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 20, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' and 'Gotham' adjust up, 'Kevin' and 'Good Place' hold". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 23, 2017). "'The Big Bang Theory' ajdusts up, 'My Kitchen Rules' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (May 26, 2017). "Final 2016-17 TV Rankings: 'Sunday Night Football' Winning Streak Continues". Deadline.com. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 21, 2017). "America's Got Talent,' 'Big Brother,' 'Masterchef' ajdust up, 'The Good Place' and 'Salvation' adjust down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 2, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'The Four' adjust up, 'Mom' and 'AP Bio' adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (May 22, 2018). "2017-18 TV Series Ratings Rankings: NFL Football, 'Big Bang' Top Charts". Deadline.com. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Good Place: Season 1 (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Good Place: Season 1 reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Zalben, Alexander (September 16, 2016). "Our 10 Most Anticipated New TV Shows of Fall 2016". TV Guide. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Good Place: Season 2 (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Good Place: Season 2 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ McFarland, Melanie (December 9, 2017). "How-to-be-good TV: "The Good Place"". Salon. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Trendacosta, Katharine (November 5, 2016). "The Complicated Morality of The Good Place". io9. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Street, Andrew P. (January 29, 2018). "The Good Place: how a sitcom made philosophy seem cool". The Guardian. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Yuko, Elizabeth (October 21, 2017). "How 'The Good Place' Goes Beyond 'The Trolley Problem'". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Herman, Alison (November 2, 2017). "Talking to a Philosopher About 'The Good Place'". The Ringer. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dietz, Jason (December 6, 2016). "Best of 2016: Television Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dietz, Jason (December 4, 2017). "Best of 2017: Television Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Prudom, Laura (September 7, 2016). "Critics' Choice Awards Reveal Most Exciting New Series Honorees". Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Best Comedy Series - Best of 2016 Awards". IGN. 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Hilary (December 7, 2017). "AFI Names Top Movies, TV Shows for 2017". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (January 11, 2018). "Critics' Choice Awards: Big Little Lies, Sterling K. Brown and More TV Winners". TVLine. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Beachum, Chris; Montgomery, Daniel; James Dixon, Marcus (July 26, 2017). "2017 Gold Derby TV Awards nominations: 'This is Us,' 'Veep,' 'The Leftovers,' 'Stranger Things' among top contenders". Gold Derby. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Naoreen, Nuzhat (January 18, 2017). "People's Choice Awards 2017: Full List Of Winners". People's Choice. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (March 2, 2017). "Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead". Variety. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (June 19, 2017). "'Atlanta,' 'This Is Us,' 'Handmaid's Tale' Lead TCA Awards Nominations". Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (March 15, 2018). "'Black Panther,' 'Walking Dead' Rule Saturn Awards Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "2018/1943 Hugo Award Finalists Announced". The Hugo Awards. March 31, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Good Place on IMDb
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