text:
Potassium alum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Potassium aluminium sulfate
Names
IUPAC name
Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate[2][3]
Other names
Potassium alum
Potash alum
Alum-(K)[1]
phitkari
Identifiers
CAS Number
10043-67-1 Y
7784-24-9 (dodecahydrate) N
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:86463 N
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.116
PubChem CID
24856
UNII
09OXB01F3O N
InChI[show]
InChI=1S/Al.K.2H2O4S/c;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;+1;;/p-4
SMILES[show]
[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[K+]
Properties
Chemical formula
KAl(SO4)2·12H2O
Molar mass 474.3884 g/mol (Hydrate)
Appearance white small crystals
Odor watery metallic
Density 1.725 g/cm3
Melting point 92 to 95 °C (198 to 203 °F; 365 to 368 K)
Boiling point 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K)
Solubility in water
14.00 g/100 mL (20 °C)
36.80 g/100 mL (50 °C)
Solubility insoluble in acetone
Refractive index (nD)
1.4564
Hazards
NFPA 704
0
2
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is Y N ?)
Infobox references
Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2. It is commonly encountered as the dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. It crystallizes in cubic structure with space group P a -3 and lattice parameter of 12.18 Å[4]. The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum.[5]
Potassium alum is commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, dyeing,[6] fireproof textiles, and baking powder. It also has cosmetic uses as a deodorant, as an aftershave treatment and as a styptic for minor bleeding from shaving.[7]
Contents
1 History
1.1 In Antiquity
1.2 In the Middle and Modern Ages
1.3 Identification of the formula
2 Characteristics
3 Natural occurrence
4 Industrial production
5 Uses
5.1 Medicine and cosmetics
5.2 Culinary
5.3 Flame retardant
5.4 Tanning
5.5 Dyeing
5.6 Chemical flocculant
5.7 Lake pigments
5.8 Dissolving iron and steel
5.9 Other
6 Toxicology and safety
7 See also
8 References
History[edit]
In Antiquity[edit]
Potassium alum was known to the Ancient Egyptians, who obtained it from evaporites in the Western desert and reportedly used it as early as 1500 BC to reduce the visible cloudiness (turbidity) in the water.
Potassium alum was described under the name alumen or salsugoterrae by Pliny,[8] and it is clearly the same as the stupteria described by Dioscorides.[9] However, the name alum and other names applied to this substance — like misy, sory, chalcanthum, and atramentum sutorium — were often applied to other products with vaguely similar properties or uses, such as iron sulfate or "green vitriol".[10]
The production of potassium alum from alunite is archaeologically attested on the island Lesbos.[11] This site was abandoned in the 7th century but dates back at least to the 2nd century CE.
Potassium alum is mentioned in the Ayurveda with the name phitkari or saurashtri.[citation needed] It is used in traditional Chinese medicine with the name mingfan (明礬).
In the Middle and Modern Ages[edit]
Potassium alum was imported into England mainly from the Middle East, and, from the late 15th century onwards, the Papal States for hundreds of years. Its use there was as a dye-fixer (mordant) for wool (which was one of England's primary industries, the value of which increased significantly if dyed).
These sources were unreliable, however, and there was a push to develop a source in England especially as imports from the Papal States were ceased following the excommunication of Henry VIII.[12]
Historically, potassium alum was used extensively in the wool industry[13] from Classical antiquity, during the Middle Ages, and well into 19th century as a mordant or dye fixative in the process of turning wool into dyed bolts of cloth.[citation needed]
In the 13th and 14th centuries, alum (from alunite) was a major import from Phocaea (Gulf of Smyrna in Byzantium) by Genoans and Venetians (and was a cause of war between Genoa and Venice) and later by Florence. After the fall of Constantinople, alunite (the source of alum) was discovered at Tolfa in the Papal States (1461). The textile dyeing industry in Bruge, and many other locations in Italy, and later in England, required alum to stabilize the dyes onto the fabric (make the dyes "fast") and also to brighten the colors.[14][15]
With state financing, attempts were made throughout the 16th century, but without success until early on in the 17th century. An industry was founded in Yorkshire to process the shale, which contained the key ingredient, aluminium sulfate, and made an important contribution to the Industrial Revolution. One of the oldest historic sites for the production of alum from shale and human urine are the Peak alum works in Ravenscar, North Yorkshire. By the 18th century, the landscape of northeast Yorkshire had been devastated by this process, which involved constructing 100 feet (30 m) stacks of burning shale and fuelling them with firewood continuously for months. The rest of the production process consisted of quarrying, extraction, steeping of shale ash with seaweed in urine, boiling, evaporating, crystallisation, milling and loading into sacks for export. Quarrying ate into the cliffs of the area, the forests were felled for charcoal and the land polluted by sulfuric acid and ash.[16]
Identification of the formula[edit]
In the early 1700s, Georg Ernst Stahl claimed that reacting sulfuric acid with limestone produced a sort of alum. [17][18] The error was soon corrected by Johann Pott and Andreas Marggraf, who showed that the precipitate obtained when an alkali is poured into a solution of alum, namely alumina, is quite different from lime and chalk, and is one of the ingredients in common clay.[19][20]
Marggraf also showed that perfect crystals with properties of alum can be obtained by dissolving alumina in sulfuric acid and adding potash or ammonia to the concentrated solution.[21][22] In 1767, Torbern Bergman observed the need for potassium or ammonium sulfates to convert aluminium sulfate into alum, while sodium or calcium would not work.[21][23]
At the time, potassium ("potash") was believed to be exclusively found on plants. However, in 1797, Martin Klaproth discovered the presence of potassium in the minerals leucite and lepidolite.[24][25]
Louis Vauquelin then conjectured that potassium was likewise an ingredient in many other minerals. Given Marggraf and Bergman's experiments, he suspected that this alkali constituted an essential ingredient of natural alum. In 1797 he published a dissertation demonstrating that alum is a double salt, composed of sulfuric acid, alumina, and potash.[26] In the same journal volume, Jean-Antoine Chaptall published the analysis of four different kinds of alum, namely, Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum and alum manufactured by himself,[27] confirming Vauquelin's results.[21]
Characteristics[edit]
Octahedral potassium alum crystal with unequal distribution of the face area
Potassium alum crystallizes in regular octahedra with flattened corners and is very soluble in water. The solution is slightly acidic and is astringent to the taste. Neutralizing a solution of alum with potassium hydroxide will begin to cause the separation of alumina Al(OH)
3.
When heated to nearly a red heat, it gives a porous, friable mass, which is known as "burnt alum". It fuses at 92 °C (198 °F) in its own water of crystallization.
Natural occurrence[edit]
Potassium alum dodecahydrate occurs in nature as a sulfate mineral called alum-(K), typically as encrustations on rocks in areas of weathering and oxidation of sulfide minerals and potassium-bearing minerals.
In the past, potassium alum has been obtained from alunite (KAl(SO
4)
2·2Al(OH)
3), mined from sulfur-containing volcanic sediments.[28] Alunite is an associate and likely potassium and aluminium source.[1][29] It has been reported at Vesuvius, Italy; east of Springsure, Queensland; in Alum Cave, Tennessee; Alum Gulch, Santa Cruz County, Arizona and the Philippine island of Cebu.
In order to obtain alum from alunite, it is calcined and then exposed to the action of air for a considerable time. During this exposure it is kept continually moistened with water, so that it ultimately falls to a very fine powder. This powder is then lixiviated with hot water, the liquor decanted, and the alum allowed to crystallize.
The undecahydrate also occurs as the fibrous mineral kalinite (KAl(SO
4)
2·11H
2O). "Kalinite Mineral Data". MinDat. Retrieved 2013-04-19. </ref>
Industrial production[edit]
Potassium alum historically was mainly extracted from alunite.
Potassium alum is now produced industrially by adding potassium sulfate to a concentrated solution of aluminium sulfate.[30] The aluminium sulfate is usually obtained by treating minerals like alum schist, bauxite and cryolite with sulfuric acid.[31] If much iron should be present in the sulfate then it is preferable to use potassium chloride in place of potassium sulfate.[31]
Uses[edit]
Medicine and cosmetics[edit]
An alum block sold as an astringent in pharmacies in India (where it is widely known as Fitkari (Hindi) or Phitkari (Urdu)[32]
Potassium alum is used in medicine mainly as an astringent (or styptic) and antiseptic.
Styptic pencils are rods composed of potassium alum or aluminum sulfate, used topically to reduce bleeding in minor cuts (especially from shaving) and abrasions, nosebleeds, and hemorrhoids, and to relieve pain from stings and bites.[citation needed] Potassium alum blocks were rubbed over the wet skin after shaving.[citation needed]
Potassium alum was also used topically to remove pimples and acne, and to cauterize aphthous ulcers in the mouth and canker sores, as it has a significant drying effect to the area and reduces the irritation felt at the site.[citation needed]. It has been used to stop bleeding in cases of hemorrhagic cystitis.[33] and is used in some countries as a cure for hyperhidrosis.[citation needed]
It is used in dentistry (especially in gingival retraction cords) because of its astringent and hemostatic properties.[citation needed]
Potassium and ammonium alum are the active ingredients in some antiperspirants and deodorants, acting by inhibiting the growth of the bacteria responsible for body odor. Alum's antiperspirant and antibacterial properties[34][35] contribute to its traditional use as an underarm deodorant.[8] It has been used for this purpose in Europe, Mexico, Thailand (where it is called sarn-som), throughout Asia and in the Philippines (where it is called tawas). Today, potassium or ammonium alum is sold commercially for this purpose as a "deodorant crystal".[36][37][7] Beginning in 2005 the US Food and Drug Administration no longer recognized it as a wetness reducer, however it is still available and used in several other countries countries, primarily in Asia.[citation needed]
Potassium alum was the major adjuvant used to increase the efficacy of vaccines, and has been used since the 1920s.[38] But it has been almost completely replaced by aluminium hydroxide and aluminium phosphate in commercial vaccines.[39]
Alum may be used in depilatory waxes used for the removal of body hair or applied to freshly waxed skin as a soothing agent.
In the 1950s, men sporting crewcut or flattop hairstyles sometimes applied alum to their hair, as an alternative to pomade, to keep the hair standing up.[citation needed].
Culinary[edit]
Potassium alum may be an acidic ingredient of baking powder to provide a second leavening phase at high temperatures (although sodium alum is more commonly used for that purpose[citation needed]).
Alum was used by bakers in England during the 1800s to make bread whiter. This was theorized by some, including John Snow, to cause rickets.[40][41] The Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 prevented this and other adulterations.[42]
Potassium alum, under the name "alum powder", is found in the spice section of many grocery stores in the US. Its chief culinary use is in pickling recipes, to preserve and add crispness to fruit and vegetable[43] as a preservative to maintain fruit and vegetable crispness.
Flame retardant[edit]
Potassium alum is used as a fire retardant to render cloth, wood, and paper materials less flammable.[30]
Tanning[edit]
Potassium alum is used in leather tanning (more properly, "tawing"),[44] in order to remove moisture from the hide and prevent rotting.[citation needed] Unlike tannic acid, alum doesn't bind to the hide and can be washed out of it.[citation needed]
Dyeing[edit]
Alum has been used since antiquity as mordant to form a permanent bond between dye and natural textile fibers like wool.[45] It is also used for this purpose in paper marbling.[citation needed]
Chemical flocculant[edit]
Potassium alum has been used since remote antiquity for purification of turbid liquids.[46] It is still widely used in the purification of water for drinking and industrial processes water, treatment of effluents and post-storm treatment of lakes to precipitate contaminants.[47]
Between 30 and 40 ppm of alum[46][48] for household wastewater, often more for industrial wastewater,[49] is added to the water so that the negatively charged colloidal particles clump together into "flocs", which then float to the top of the liquid, settle to the bottom of the liquid, or can be more easily filtered from the liquid, prior to further filtration and disinfection of the water.[30] Like other similar salts, it works by neutralizing the electrical double layer surrounding very fine suspended particles, allowing them to join into flocs.
The same principle is exploited when using alum to increase the viscosity of a ceramic glaze suspension; this makes the glaze more readily adherent and slows its rate of sedimentation.
Lake pigments[edit]
Aluminum hydroxide from ṕotassium alum serves as a base for the majority of lake pigments.[50]
Dissolving iron and steel[edit]
Alum solution has the property of dissolving steels while not affecting aluminium or base metals. Alum solution can be used to dissolve steel tool bits that have become lodged in machined castings, for instance.[51][52]
Other[edit]
In traditional Japanese art, alum and animal glue were dissolved in water, forming a liquid known as dousa (ja:礬水), and used as an undercoat for paper sizing.
Alum is an ingredient in some recipes for homemade modeling compounds intended for use by children.[citation needed] These are often called "play clay" or "play dough" for their similarity to "Play-Doh".[citation needed]
Potassium alum was formerly used as a hardener for photographic emulsions (films and papers), usually as part of the fixer. It has now been replaced in that use by other chemicals.
Toxicology and safety[edit]
Potassium alum may be a weak irritant to the skin.[53]
See also[edit]
Ammonium aluminium sulfate
Alum
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Alum-(K) Mineral Data". Mineralogy Database. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
Jump up ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. Electronic version.
Jump up ^ "Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate". ChemExper. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
Jump up ^ Crystallography Open Database http://crystallography.net/cod/1011177.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Bottomley, L.; Bottomley, L.A. (2010). Chemistry 1310: Laboratory Manual. Plymouth, MI: School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Hayden-McNeil Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7380-3819-3.
Jump up ^ Editors, The. "alum | chemical compound". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is Alum?". About.com. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b Alumen, and the Several Varieties of it; Thirty-eight Remedies., Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, book 35, chapter 52; on the Perseus Digital Library at Tufts University. Last accessed 27 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Dioscorides, book 5, chapter 123.
Jump up ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 766-767.
Jump up ^ A. Archontidou 2005, "Un atelier de preparation de l'alun a partir de l'alunite dans l'isle de Lesbos" in L'alun de Mediterranée. ed P. Borgard et al.
Jump up ^ "How alum shaped the Yorkshire coast". National Trust, UK.
Jump up ^ See Henry VII of England trade section. Henry broke the Pope's monopoly by financing shipping bootstrapping a trading system with the Ottoman Empires mines
Jump up ^ "Color in Relation to the Political and Economic History of the Western World" by Sidney M Edelstein, Proceedings of the Perkin Centennial, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, September, 1956
Jump up ^ "Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance", Lisa Jardine, 1996, Norton&Co, pages 114-116 ISBN 978-0393318661
Jump up ^ Stephen Chance. "Was alum the first example of the north-east's 'dirty' industries? | UK news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
Jump up ^ George Ernst Stahl (1703), Specimen Beccherianum. Johann Ludwig Gleditsch, Leipzig.
Jump up ^ George Ernst Stahl (1723), Ausführliche Betrachtung und zulänglicher Beweiss von den Saltzen, daß diesselbe aus einer zarten Erde, mit Wasser innig verbunden, bestehen (Detailed treatment and adequate proof of salts, that they consist of a subtile earth intimately bound with water) Wäysenhaus, Halle.
Jump up ^ Johann Heinrich Pott (1746), Chymische Untersuchungen, welche fürnehmlich von der Lithogeognosia oder Erkäntniß und Bearbeitung der gemeinen einfacheren Steine und Erden ingleichen von Feuer und Licht handeln, volume 1, p. 32.
Jump up ^ Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1754), "Expériences faites sur la terre d'alun" (Experiments made on the earth of alum), Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences et belles-lettres de Berlin, pp. 41-66.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chisholm 1911, p. 766.
Jump up ^ Marggraf (1754) "Expériences qui concernent la régénération de l'alun de sa propre terre, l'après avoir séparé par l'acide vitriolique ; avec quelques compositions artificielles de l'alun par moyen d'autres terres, et dudit acide". Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences et belles-lettres de Berlin, pp. 31-40.
Jump up ^ Torbern Bergman (1767), "IX. De confectione Aluminis". In Opuscula physica et chemica, I. G. Müller, Leipzig, 1788), volume 1, pp. 306-307.
Jump up ^ Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1797), Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss Der Mineralkörper (Contributions to [our] chemical knowledge of mineral substances). Decker and Co., Posen, and Heinrich August Rottmann, Berlin; pp. 45-46 and [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433066422746;view=1up;seq=213 p. 193.
Jump up ^ Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1801), Analytical Essays Towards Promoting the Chemical Knowledge of Mineral Substances. T. Cadell, Jr. & W. Davies, London. His finding of potassium in leucite appears on pp. 353-354.: "On the contrary, I was surprised in an unexpected manner, by discovering in it another constituent part, consisting of a substance, the existence of which, certainly, no one person would have conjectured within the limits of the mineral kingdom … This constituent part of leucite … is no other than pot-ash, which, hitherto, has been thought exclusively to belong to the vegetable kingdom, and has, on this account, been called VEGETABLE ALKALI. — This discovery, which I think of great importance, cannot fail to occasion considerable changes in the systems of natural history, … .". The discovery of potassium in lepidolite is mentioned on p. 472.
Jump up ^ Vauquelin (1797), "Sur la nature de l'Alun du commerce, sur l'existence de la potasse dans ce sel, et sur diverses combinaisons simples ou triples de l'alumine avec l'acide sulfurique" (On the nature of commercial alum, on the existence of potash in this salt, and on various simple or triple compounds of alumina with sulfuric acid). In Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 1st series, volume 22, pages 258-279.
Jump up ^ Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1797), "Comparée des quatre principales sortes d'Alun connues dans le commerce; et Observations sur leur nature et leur usage" (Comparison of the four main types of commercial alum; and observations on their nature and use). In Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 1st series, volume 22, pages 280-296.
Jump up ^ Bottomley (2010) p. 35.
Jump up ^ "Alum-(K) mineral data and information". MinDat. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c Otto Helmboldt, L. Keith Hudson, Chanakya Misra, Karl Wefers, Wolfgang Heck, Hans Stark, Max Danner, Norbert Rösch "Aluminium Compounds, Inorganic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2
^ Jump up to: a b Chisholm 1911, p. 767.
Jump up ^ Handa, Parvesh (1982). Herbal beauty care. New Delhi: Orient Paperbacks. p. 12. ISBN 9788122200249. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, C; Snell, ME; Witherow, RE (1984). "Use of Alum to Control Intractable Vesical Haemorrhage". British Journal of Urology. 56: 673–675. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb06143.x.
Jump up ^ Kanlayavattanakul, M.; Lourith, N. (1 August 2011). "Body malodours and their topical treatment agents". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 33 (4): 298–311. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00649.x. PMID 21401651.
Jump up ^ Aguilar, T. N.; Blaug, S.M.; Zopf, L.C. (July 1956). "A study of the antibacterial activity of some complex aluminum salts". Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmaceutical Association. 45 (7): 498–500. PMID 13345689.
Jump up ^ US patent 5399364, Francis Verdan, "Cosmetic assembly defined by encased stick of alum", issued 1995-05-21
Jump up ^ Baki, Gabriella; Alexander, Kenneth S. (2015-04-27). Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 324. ISBN 9781118763780.
Jump up ^ Mbow, M Lamine; De Gregorio, Ennio; Ulmer, Jeffrey B (2011). "Alum's adjuvant action: grease is the word". Nature Medicine. 17: 415–416. doi:10.1038/nm0411-415. PMID 21475229.
Jump up ^ Marrack, Philippa; McKee, Amy S.; Munks, Michael W. (2009). "Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium". Nature Reviews Immunology. 9 (4): 287–293. doi:10.1038/nri2510. ISSN 1474-1733. PMC 3147301  .
Jump up ^ "On the adulteration of bread as a cause of rickets" (PDF). ucla.edu.
Jump up ^ Church Pastoral-aid Society, London (January–June 1847). "Brown Bread". The Church of England magazine. 22: 355.
Jump up ^ Hassall, Arthur Hill (1857). "Adulterations detected; or, Plain instructions for the discovery of frauds in food and medicine".
Jump up ^ Harampolis, Alethea; Rizzo, Jill (2013). The Flower Recipe Book. Artisan Books. ISBN 9781579655303.
Jump up ^ Young, Laura S. (1995). Bookbinding & Conservation by Hand: A Working Guide. Oak Knoll Press. ISBN 9781884718113.
Jump up ^ berger, g (1840). The Mechanic and Chemist.
^ Jump up to: a b Samuel D. Faust, Osman M. Aly (1999). Chemistry of water treatment (2nd ed.). Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press. ISBN 9781575040110.
Jump up ^ "Storm water treatment will strip phosphorus from Arboretum pond, College of Engineering @ The University of Wisconsin-Madison, initiatives in energy, health, nanotechnology, security, and information technology". Engr.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
Jump up ^ Bratby, John (2006). Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment (2nd ed.). London: IWA Publ. ISBN 9781843391067.
Jump up ^ Rice, J. K. (June 1957). "The use of organic flocculants and flocculating aids in the treatment of industrial water and industrial waste water". Symposium on Industrial Water and Industrial Waste Water. ASTM International (207): 41–51.
Jump up ^ Dackerman, Susan (2002). Painted Prints: The Revelation of Color in Northern Renaissance & Baroque Engravings, Etchings, & Woodcuts. Penn State Press. ISBN 0271022353.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqZYgReuywM AvE demonstrates use of alum to remove a broken stud from an aluminium engine head
Jump up ^ "What did you do today? (2014)". Model Engineer. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
Jump up ^ Gallego H, Lewis EJ, Crutchfield CE 3rd (July 1999). "Crystal deodorant dermatitis: irritant dermatitis to alum-containing deodorant". Cutis. 64 (1): 65–6. PMID 10431678. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
show
v
t
e
Potassium compounds
KAsO2
KBr
KBrO3
KCN
KCNO
KCl
KClO
KClO3
KClO4
KF
KH
KHCO2
KHCO3
KHF2
KHS
KHSO3
KHSO4
KH2AsO4
KH2PO3
KH2PO4
KI
KIO3
KIO4
KMnO4
KN3
KNH2
KNO2
KNO3
KOCN
KOH
KO2
KPF6
KSCN
KCH3COO
K2Al2O4
K2CO3
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
K2FeO4
K2HPO4
K2MnO4
K2O
K2O2
K2PtCl4
K2PtCl6
K2S
K2SeO4
K2SO3
K2SO4
KHSO5
K2S2O5
K2S2O7
K2S2O8
K2Po
K2SiO3
K3[Fe(CN)6]
K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
K4[Fe(CN)6]
K3PO4
K4Mo2Cl8
show
v
t
e
Aluminium compounds
Al(I)
AlBr
AlCl
AlF
AlI
Al2O
Al(II)
AlB2
AlB12
AlO
Al(III)
AlAs
Al(BH4)3
AlBr3
AlCl3
AlF3
AlH3
AlI3
AlN
Al(NO3)3
Al2(CO3)3
Al(OH)3
Al(OH)2OAc
Al(OH)(OAc)2
Al(OAc)3
Al2SO4(OAc)4
AlP
AlPO4
AlSb
Al(C5H7O2)3
Al(MnO4)3
Al2(MoO4)3
Al2O3
Al2S3
Al2(SO4)3
Al2Se3
Al2Te3
Al2SiO5
Al4C3
AlOHO
Al(OH)2CO2C17H5
NaAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2
LiAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2
Alums
(NH4)Al(SO4)2
KAl(SO4)2
NaAl(SO4)2
Organoaluminium(III) compounds
(Al(CH3)3)2
(Al(C2H5)3)2
Al(CH2CH(CH3)2)3
Al(C2H5)2Cl
Al(C2H5)2CN
Al(CH2CH(CH3)2)2H
Al(C2H5)2Cl2C2H5Cl
Ti(C5H5)2CH2ClAl(CH3)2
show
v
t
e
Sulfur compounds
Al2S3
As2S2
As2S3
As2S5
As4S4
Au2S3
B2S3
BaS
BeS
Bi2S3
Br2S
Br2S2
CS2
C3S2
CaS
CdS
CeS
SCl2
S2Cl2
CoS
Cr2S3
CuS
D2S
Dy2S3
Er2S3
EuS
SF4
SF6
FeS2
GaS
H2S
HfS2
HgS
InS
I2S
LaS
LiS
MgS
MoS3
NiS
SO2
SO3
P4S7
PbS
PbS2
PtS
ReS2
SrS
TlS
SV
SeS2
S2U
WS2
Sb2S3
Sb2S5
Sm2S3
Y2S3
Ag2SO4
SOBr2
CSTe
C2H4S
C2H6S3
C4H4S
CaSO4
C32H66S2
CuFeS2
H2SO4
H2SO3
F2OS
NaHS
K2SO3
O3S3Sb4
Yb2(SO4)3
AlKO8S2
CHCl3S
KSCN
CdSO3
PSCl3
SOCl2
Cs2O4S
Re2S7
Na2S
K2S
H2S2O7
H2SO5
NH5S
HgSO4
K2SO4
RaSO4
SnSO4
SrSO4
Zr(SO4)2
Ti(SO4)2
Tm2(SO4)3
AlNa(SO4)2
Er2(SO4)3
Eu2(SO4)3
CHNS
Co(SCN)2
C2H3SN
PSI3
ZrS2
SiS
CSSe
Chemical formulas
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potassium_alum&oldid=850339347"
Categories:
Sulfate minerals
Potassium compounds
Aluminium compounds
Water treatment
Coordination compounds
Potash
Hidden categories:
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs
Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing
Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers
Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
Articles without KEGG source
Articles with changed CASNo identifier
Articles with changed EBI identifier
ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata
Articles with changed FDA identifier
Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
Chembox image size set
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2008
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Čeština
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Italiano
Magyar
मराठी
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
తెలుగు
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
Tiếng Việt
中文
15 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 July 2018, at 07:26 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: caption

values:
/wiki/File:Potassium_alum.jpg
image
Aluminium potassium sulfate

values: background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;

value: sup

values: chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)

values:
/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard
mw-redirect
ECHA InfoCard

values: font-size: 105%; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;

values: border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: Simplified molecular-input line-entry system

values: border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame2

values: Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water

values: Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform

values: Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height usemap

values: width:12px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:12px; left:35px;

values: width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:15px;

values: width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:54px;

values: width:100%; background:transparent; margin:0 auto; width:82px; font-family:sans-serif background:; float:left; font-size:20px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; position:relative; height:80px; width:80px; padding:1px;

values: margin:0 auto; text-align:left; line-height:normal;

values: background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;

values: width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;

values: width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;

values: border-collapse:collapse; width:22em; text-align:left; ;

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: In the Middle and Modern Ages

values:
/wiki/Dye_fixative
mw-redirect
Dye fixative

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)

values:
/wiki/Gulf_of_Smyrna
mw-redirect
Gulf of Smyrna

values:
/wiki/Human_urine
mw-redirect
Human urine

values: Edit section: Identification of the formula

values: Johann Heinrich Pott (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Lime_(mineral)
mw-redirect
Lime (mineral)

values: Jean-Antoine Chaptall (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sulfate_mineral
mw-redirect
Sulfate mineral

values:
/wiki/Sulfide_mineral
mw-redirect
Sulfide mineral

values:
/wiki/Styptic_pencil
mw-redirect
Styptic pencil

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)

values:
/wiki/Aphthous_ulcers
mw-redirect
Aphthous ulcers

values:
/wiki/Canker_sore
mw-redirect
Canker sore

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)

values: Gingival retraction cords (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Ammonium_alum
mw-redirect
Ammonium alum

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)

values:
/wiki/Sodium_aluminum_sulfate
mw-redirect
Sodium aluminum sulfate

values: padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;

values: Reference needed to verify this claim. (February 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 (page does not exist)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)

values:
/wiki/Parts_per_million
mw-redirect
Parts per million

values:
/wiki/Electrical_double_layer
mw-redirect
Electrical double layer

values:
/wiki/Base_metals
mw-redirect
Base metals

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)

values: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=3267

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401651

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13345689

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038/nm0411-415

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475229

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038/nri2510

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1474-1733

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10431678

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
/wiki/Potassium_arsenate
mw-redirect
Potassium arsenate

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Aluminium permanganate (page does not exist)

values: Aluminium telluride (page does not exist)

values: Lithium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminumhydride (page does not exist)

values: Template talk:Sulfur compounds (page does not exist)

values: Arsenic(II) sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Arsenic(V) sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Cerium(II) sulfide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sulfur_monochloride
mw-redirect
Sulfur monochloride

values: Dysprosium(III) sulfide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Hafnium(IV) sulfide

values: Indium(II) sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Lanthanum monosulfide (page does not exist)

values: Phosphorus heptasulfide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Rhenium(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Rhenium(IV) sulfide

values:
/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Tungsten(IV) sulfide

values: Carbon sulfide telluride (page does not exist)

values: Dihexadecyl disulfide (page does not exist)

values: Copper(II) ferrous sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Antimony oxide sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Trichloromethyl mercaptan (page does not exist)

values: Rhenium(VII) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Titanium(IV) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Thulium(III) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Erbium(III) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Europium(III) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Phosphorothioc triiodide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Zirconium(IV) sulfide

values: Carbon sulfide selenide (page does not exist)

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Category:Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs

values: Category:Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing

values: Category:Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers

values: Category:Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID

values: Category:Articles with changed CASNo identifier

values: Category:Articles with changed EBI identifier

values: Category:Articles with changed FDA identifier

values: Category:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2008

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Potassium_alum
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: شب البوتاسيوم – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Στυπτηρία – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: زاج پتاسیم – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: カリウムミョウバン – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Сульфат алюминия-калия – Russian

values: Potassium aluminium sulfate – Simple English

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galun
Galun – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalialuna
Kalialuna – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: అల్యూమినియం పొటాషియం సల్ఫేట్ – Telugu

values: زەمچە – Uyghur

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_alum
Kali alum – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Potassium_alum rootpage-Potassium_alum skin-vector action-view


text:
Adventure Time (season 10)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Adventure Time (season 10)
Volume 11 digital purchase image, featuring episodes from the show's tenth season
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
16
Release
Original network
Cartoon Network
Original release
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17) – present
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 9
List of Adventure Time episodes
The tenth and final[1] season of Adventure Time, an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on September 17, 2017. It is set to conclude sometime in 2018 and would wrap up the entire series.[1] The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The season follows the final adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess.
A set containing the entire season is scheduled to be released on September 4, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
1.1 Concept
1.2 Production
1.3 Series conclusion
2 Cast
3 Broadcast and reception
3.1 Broadcast
3.2 Ratings
3.3 Reviews and accolades
4 Episodes
5 Home media
5.1 Full season release
6 Notes
7 References
Development[edit]
Concept[edit]
The series follows the adventures of Finn the Human, a human boy, and his best friend Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape, grow, and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, wherein they interact with the other major characters, including: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess. Common storylines revolve around Finn and Jake discovering strange creatures, dealing with the antagonistic but misunderstood Ice King, and battling monsters in order to help others.[2] Multi-episode story arcs for this season include Princess Bubblegum confronting her antagonistic Uncle Gumbald,[3] Finn dealing with Fern's embrace of the dark side,[4] and Betty trying to turn the Ice King back into Simon Petrikov.[5]
Production[edit]
On July 21, 2016, lead writer Kent Osborne posted an image on Twitter that suggested Adventure Time had been renewed for an additional season.[6] At the time, the season was intended to be the show's ninth.[6][7] However, the season divisions were later re-arranged by Cartoon Network,[8] and "The Wild Hunt" became the first episode of season ten.[9] This season's episodes were produced in a process similar to previous seasons. First, the episodes began as simple two-to-three-page outlines that contained the necessary plot information.[10] These outlines were then handed off to storyboard artists, who then expanded the rough outline into a full storyboard.[11] The episodes' design and coloring were done in Burbank, California. Animation was handled overseas in South Korea, by Rough Draft Korea and by Saerom Animation.[12][13][14]
Storyboard artists who worked on this season include (but are not limited to) Sam Alden, Polly Guo, Seo Kim, Somvilay Xayaphone, Steve Wolfhard, Tom Herpich, Graham Falk, Kent Osborne, Hanna K. Nyström, Aleks Sennwald, Erik Fountain, and Patrick McHale.[nb 1] In regards to other aspects of production, Ghostshrimp—the series' former lead background designer—returned to the series to work on episodes comprising the "final story arc of Adventure Time".[15] Ghostshrimp had retired from the show after the fourth season, but had previously returned to draw backgrounds for the seventh-season miniseries Stakes and the ninth-season episodes "Abstract", "Fionna and Cake and Fionna", and "Whispers".[nb 2][16][17] Additionally, Andy Ristaino (a former character designer, storyboard artist, and background designer for the show) returned as a revisionist for this season.[18]
Series conclusion[edit]
In an interview, head writer Kent Osborne noted that Cartoon Network provided the writers with "an opportunity to spend a lot of time thinking about the finale."[19]
On September 29, 2016, it was confirmed by Cartoon Network that this season would be the show's last. When asked in an interview with Skwigly about his feelings concerning the end of the series, Osborne said:
It's weird because I've never been on a show this long, and I don't think Cartoon Network has done a show with this many episodes—for the past few seasons we’ve been surprised I think every time it gets picked up. And I think a lot of us were thinking in the back of our minds, 'When is this going to end? Am I gonna be 80 and still writing this?!' It is sad, and everyone's kind of grieving, but it's hard to feel too bad about it, because ... they have so many episodes in the bank that it's gonna play for another couple years.[19]
Osborne did note that Cartoon Network provided the writers with "an opportunity to spend a lot of time thinking about the finale."[19] According to a speech given by Pendarvis, storyline writing for the series wrapped up mid-November 2016,[20] with the last storyline meeting being held on November 21.[21] A tweet by Osborne revealed that the show's final script was pitched to storyboarders Sam Alden and Hanna K. Nyström on November 28.[22][23][24] This episode was then pitched to the show's producers during the third week of December 2016.[25][26] Voice recording for the season and series ended on January 31, 2017, as confirmed by a number of voice actors, including Maria Bamford and Andy Milonakis.[27][28][29]
Production on the series officially ended with a wrap party hosted by Cartoon Network on November 16, 2017. Cast and crew members who had worked on the show since its beginning were invited to the festivities, which, among other things, featured a DJ booth shaped like Finn and Jake's tree fort, a live band, and Adventure Time-related food items.[30] Following the season's completion, several crewmembers were hired to work on the upcoming Cartoon Network series Summer Camp Island, which was created by Adventure Time storyline writer Julia Pott.[31]
Cast[edit]
The voice actors for the season include: Jeremy Shada (Finn the Human), John DiMaggio (Jake the Dog), Tom Kenny (The Ice King), Hynden Walch (Princess Bubblegum), and Olivia Olson (Marceline the Vampire Queen). Ward himself provides the voice for several minor characters, including Lumpy Space Princess. Former storyboard artist Niki Yang voices the sentient video game console BMO in English, as well as Jake's girlfriend Lady Rainicorn in Korean.[32] Polly Lou Livingston, a friend of Pendleton Ward's mother, Bettie Ward, plays the voice of the small elephant Tree Trunks.[33][34] Jessica DiCicco voices Flame Princess, Finn's ex-girlfriend and the sovereign of the Fire Kingdom.[35] Andy Milonakis voices N.E.P.T.R., a sentient robot who makes and throws pies.[36][37] The Lich, the series' principal antagonist, is portrayed by Ron Perlman in his demonic form.[38] The Adventure Time cast records their lines together as opposed to doing it individually. This is to capture more natural sounding dialogue among the characters. Hynden Walch has described these group session as akin to "doing a play reading—a really, really out there play."[39]
Several guest stars lent their voices to Adventure Time characters for the very first time this season, including the rapper Open Mike Eagle (left) and the comedian Brad Neely (right).
In addition to the regular cast members, episodes feature guest voices from many ranges of professions, including actors, musicians, and artists. "The Wild Hunt", "Always BMO Closing", "Bonnibel Bubblegum", "Seventeen", and "Gumbaldia" feature Fred Melamed voicing Princess Bubblegum's Uncle Gumbald.[40][41][42][43][44] In "The Wild Hunt", Jenny Slate reprises her role as Huntress Wizard.[40] "Son of Rap Bear" sees Dumbfoundead voices the titular character, Rekstizzy voices Rap Bear, Keith David reprise his role as Flame King, Paul Scheer reprises his role as Toronto, and Open Mike Eagle voices a gingerbread man.[45] In "Bonnibel Bubblegum", Livvy Stubenrauch voices the younger Princess Bubblegum, and former supervising director Andres Salaff reprises his role as Neddy.[42]
In "Seventeen" and "Gumbaldia" Brad Neely plays the Green Knight.[43][44] "Ring of Fire" features David Herman as Randy, Raza Jaffrey as Danny, and Andy Daly as Wyatt.[46] In, "Marcy & Hunson", Martin Olson reprises his role as Hunson Abadeer, the father of Marceline.[47][48][49] In "The First Investigation", Marc Evan Jackson reprises his role as Kim Kil Whan, and Dave Foley voices the shape-shifter.[50] Foley would reprise this role in the episode "Jake the Starchild".[51] The episode "Temple of Mars" features Felicia Day reprising her role as Betty; the episode also sees the return of Tom Scharpling as Jermaine the dog.[52]
Various other characters are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker, Maria Bamford, Steve Little, and Melissa Villaseñor.[32]
Broadcast and reception[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
Much like the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth seasons,[53][54][55][56] the tenth season of Adventure Time featured several episode "bombs", or instances wherein large amounts of episodes debuted within a relatively short timeframe. The first of these occurred on September 17, 2017, when "The Wild Hunt", "Always BMO Closing", "Son of Rap Bear", and "Bonnibel Bubblegum" aired.[57] The second of these occurred on December 17, 2017 when "Seventeen", "Ring of Fire", "Marcy and Hunson" and "The First Investigation" aired.[58] The third of these occurred on March 18, 2018, when "Blenanas", "Jake the Starchild", "Temple of Mars", and "Gumbaldia" aired.[59]
Ratings[edit]
The tenth season of Adventure Time debuted on television on September 17, 2017, with the episode "The Wild Hunt". It was watched by 0.77 million viewers and scored a 0.24 Nielsen rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic. Nielsen ratings are audience measurement systems that determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States, which means that the episodes were seen by 0.24 percent of all households aged 18 to 49 years old at the time of the episode's airing.[60] In terms of viewers, this marked a decrease when compared to the season nine finale, "Three Buckets" (which was seen by 0.85 million individuals),[61] but an increase when compared to the previous season's premiere, "Orb" (which was viewed by 0.71 million).[62]
Reviews and accolades[edit]
While the tenth season aired, Entertainment Weekly named Adventure Time the tenth-best series of 2018, writing, "All the episodes [that aired in 2018] shined with Adventure Time’s eccentric trademarks: sweet fairy-tale logic, twisted dark humor, full-blown cosmic adventure, an ability to create and puncture myths in under 11 minutes."[63]
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Adventure Time episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Supervising
direction by
Written and storyboarded by
Original air date [nb 3]
Prod.
code [67]
U.S. viewers
(millions)
267
1 "The Wild Hunt" Cole Sanchez Sam Alden, Erik Fountain & Polly Guo September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17) 1054-275 0.77[60]
Still feeling guilty over Fern's death, Princess Bubblegum tasks Finn to protect the banana guard from a monster later dubbed "the Grumbo". Finn can't bring himself to slay the monster as he keeps seeing Fern's face materialize when he's close to defeating it. Later, Finn meets up with Huntress Wizard (voiced by Jenny Slate) who is also trying to slay the Grumbo and she tries to give encouraging words to Finn. They find the Grumbo's cave and Finn once again stalls. Huntress Wizard puts herself in harm's way and Finn imagines Fern in her place and finally slays the Grumbo. Afterwards, Finn and Huntress Wizard casually admit their feelings for each other and realize that the Grumbo was artificially created. Uncle Gumbald plots to create another monster using the remains of Fern.
268
2 "Always BMO Closing" Diana Lafyatis Graham Falk & Kent Osborne September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17) 1054-273 0.77[60]
BMO and Ice King become door-to-door salesmen by posing as one body (Ice King as the body and BMO as the head). After selling a stick to Tree Trunks, the two get lost and end up at the dungeon where Gumbald is staying. They sell him Finn's baby teeth which he happily pays for with a silver cup. Finn is outraged that his baby teeth were sold and is further mortified when Baby Finns made of teeth begin attacking the tree house. Through Ice King's encouragement, BMO "sells" two mallets to Finn and Jake and they successfully defeat the teeth babies. Afterwards, Gumbald admits that his current plan was a bad idea.
269
3 "Son of Rap Bear" Diana Lafyatis Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17) 1054-276 0.77[60]
While at a party, Flame Princess accidentally signs a contract from Toronto stating that if she loses in a rap battle against Son of Rap Bear (voiced by Dumbfoundead) her kingdom will be forfeited to Toronto. She and Finn go meet Rap Bear (voiced by Rekstizzy) who explains that his son literally blew his legs off, frightening them. Despite training, Flame Princess still feels ill-prepared, and so she visits her father, the deposed Flame King (voiced by Keith David). She attempts to mend their rocky relationship, but much to her frustration, her father seems oblivious to the pain that he caused his daughter. Later, at the rap battle, Flame Princess begins to lose her composure, but after seeing the still-unapologetic Flame King in the crowd, she angrily expresses her frustrations with her father in a rap. The track impresses the crowd, and Flame Princess defeats Son of Rap Bear.
270
4 "Bonnibel Bubblegum" Diana Lafyatis Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17) 1054-274 0.77[60]
When Finn presents the silver cup from "Always BMO Closing", Princess Bubblegum decides to tell him, Marceline and Jake some more of her history. 800 years ago, a child version of Bonnibel discovers a family photo and decides to create a gum family. She creates Uncle Gumbald, Aunt Lolly and Cousin Chicle to help farm the area. However, her family quickly turn on her with the prospect of "branding" their family. Gumbald creates a juice that transforms those into low minded candy people. Bonnibel fights back, transforming them into her eventual candy civilians and deciding on the title of princess. In the present, BMO reveals where it got the cup.
271
5 "Seventeen" Cole Sanchez Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone December 17, 2017 1054-281 0.76[68]
At Finn's seventeenth birthday party, held at the Candy Kingdom, Princess Bubblegum, Marceline, Huntress Wizard and BMO present Finn with gifts. Suddenly, the Green Knight (voiced by Brad Neely) arrives and presents Finn with his own gift, an ax that he will reward him with if he attacks him with it. Thinking this is one of Jake's tricks, Finn beheads the Green Knight only for Jake to arrive and the Knight challenges him to a battle by blocking him from his friends. Finn accepts and the two play 2/3 with the party games held at the castle. While arm wrestling, the Knight reveals himself to be a revived Fern who makes short work of Finn. He is stopped by Gumbald, Lolly and Chicle who were returned to their original form by Lumpy Space Princess transforming Ooo at the end of Elements. The trio and Fern leave as Finn is devastated by his loss.
272
6 "Ring of Fire" Cole Sanchez Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard December 17, 2017 1054-277 0.76[68]
Tree Trunks gets a call from her old flame Randy (voiced by David Herman) who wants his old ring back to propose to his new girlfriend. In flashback, Randy proposed to Tree Trunks after graduating high school. Immediately afterwards, Tree Trunks left him and became a pirate on the sea where she met and married Danny (voiced by Raza Jaffrey). She breaks up with him due to him lying to her and she moves on to becoming a CEO to a shipping company. She marries her employee Wyatt, but due to his clinging attitude breaks up with him and he flees with the ring. Mr. Pig, who followed arrives as does Wyatt who still has the ring. Randy gets it back and Tree Trunks and Mr. Pig reaffirm their love.
273
7 "Marcy & Hunson" Cole Sanchez Graham Falk & Adam Muto December 17, 2017 1054-278 0.76[68]
Peppermint Butler gives Finn a new sword, the Night Blade. However, he also summons Hunson Abadeer. Peppermint Butler allows Hunson to roam the earth for one day and is restrained from using his powers. Finn and Jake take him to Marceline who is once again annoyed at her father's ignorance. When Finn and Jake let slip that Marceline has a solo concert for ghosts, Hunson forces his way in. Marceline gives her performance, but it is interrupted by Hunson's interference. Chicle, who has been following them, instigates a ruckus with the ghosts who proceed to beat up a weakened Hunson. Marceline is also powerless from stopping them, but Finn's new sword saves them. The group escape and meet with Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and Hunson make up.
274
8 "The First Investigation" Diana Lafyatis Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald December 17, 2017 1054-279 0.76[68]
Kim Kil Whan sends Finn and Jake to Joshua and Margaret's old office after one of his employees get frightened by something. Finn and Jake witness strange ghosts and other sightings as objects move around. Finn suddenly sees baby versions of himself, Jake and Jermaine and gives Jake a wet willy (earlier Jake claimed that Finn had given him one years ago and he denied it). Realizing that the ghosts are time remnants, Finn tries to look for the source while Jake accidentally scares Kim's employee and sees his own birth from "Joshua and Margaret Investigations". They discover that one of Dr. Gross' experiments, Time Bear, had been behind it and fix him with Finn leaving a note for past Joshua and Margaret. While outside, Jake meets his alien parent, is turned blue and taken away leaving a note for Finn that reads "BRB-Jake".
275
9 "Blenanas" Diana Lafyatis Sam Alden & Patrick McHale March 18, 2018 1054-280 0.53[69]
Bummed about Jake being gone, Finn reads an issue of Ble Magazine and comes across a doodle of a caveman with his leg getting bit by a dog while a psychiatrist sits next to him. Finn writes "Ouch! Hey this isn't helping at all!". He shows it to BMO and Princess Bubblegum, but neither get it. Finn shows it to Ice King who reveals that he wrote to Ble Magazine to have his stories published, but they never were. They find the building guarded by a passive pudding troll and discover that the building has been abandoned for years. They decide to publish a new issue with the joke, but the pudding troll does not get it either. Finn comes to terms with the possibility that he just is not funny, but upon returning home he slips on some banana peels, rips his pants and crashes into a message chair. BMO and NEPTR laugh as Finn smiles.
276
10 "Jake the Starchild" Cole Sanchez Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald March 18, 2018 1054-283 0.53[69]
Immediately after "The First Investigation", Jake is taken by his dying alien parent, Warren Ampersand, to his home planet and discovers that he must defeat an evil alien to save the inhabitants. Warren gives Jake a special belt while he wears one himself. As Jake uses his stretching powers, he becomes weaker and Warren becomes younger, revealing that the belts drain Jake's youth and energy. When Warren reveals his scheme as well as the fact the planet and evil alien are not real, Jake switches the belts and tricks Warren into giving his powers and youth back. Warren then tries to escape back to Earth after learning that Jake has children he could siphon from, but Jake tosses him into a black hole, leaving him stranded on the now empty space rock.
277
11 "Temple of Mars" Diana Lafyatis Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard March 18, 2018 1054-282 0.53[69]
Finn is visited by Jermaine who reveals that Jake is in space and that they must rescue him. They head to Mars where Normal Man, now King Man, has Betty doing labor to "cure" her. King Man has them enter a cave to search for a device to save Jake and encounter various puzzles. Eventually, they come across Past Betty who was to go on a trip in a week, but met Simon changing her plans. Finn and Jermaine tell her that Betty needs to think about herself and she "changes" her past so that she left that day instead of in a week. The cave turns out to be the device and they are reunited with Jake. However, Betty tells King Man that seeing Finn retrieve Jake has only increased her interest in rescuing Simon; she declares that she now has a plan to not only save Simon, but also retrieve Margles from GOLB, which frightens King Man.
278
12 "Gumbaldia" Diana Lafyatis Sam Alden & Graham Falk March 18, 2018 1054-284 0.53[69]
As Princess Bubblegum prepares for war with Gumbald, Finn and Jake decide to pay him a visit so as to prevent it from happening. They meet with the Gum Family who are hellbent on wanting to destroy PB. However, when Finn saves Gumbald from falling, the family come on good terms with Finn and Jake and sign a peace treaty. Before leaving, Finn and Jake are doused with celebratory juice. When they get back to the Candy Kingdom, the juice turns out to be dumdum juice and turns Peppermint Butler into a baby. With no other option, PB sets to go to war with her uncle. Gumbald learns of PB's survival and gathers many past villains from throughout the series, including a confused Ice King, and prepares for the Gum War.
279
280
281
282
13
14
15
16 "Come Along with Me"[70][71] TBA TBA TBA 2018 TBA TBD
BMO narrates the Great Gum War in which Princess Bubblegum, Finn, Jake, Lady Rainicorn, Marceline, Flame Princess, Lemongrab, Slime Princess, Huntress Wizard, and Lumpy Space Princess band together to battle Gumbald and his army.
Home media[edit]
Full season release[edit]
A DVD set that includes season ten along with seasons eight and nine is scheduled for release on September 4, 2018.[72]
Adventure Time: The Final Seasons
Set details[72] Special features[72]
Seasons 8–10
58 episodes
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Subtitles: English
English (Dolby Stereo)
TBA
Release dates
Region 1 Region 4 Region A Region B
September 4, 2018 (2018-09-04)[72] TBA TBA TBA
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Information regarding story development and storyboard artists is taken from the opening credits of the season's episodes.
Jump up ^ Information regarding background art is taken from the end credits of the episodes "Abstract", "Fionna and Cake and Fionna", and "Whispers".
Jump up ^ "Seventeen" was released on the Cartoon Network website on December 7, 2017;[64] "Ring of Fire", "Marcy & Hunson", and "The First Investigation" were released via the Cartoon Network phone app on December 8;[65] and "Blenanas", "Jake the Starchild", "Temple of Mars", and "Gumbaldia" were released via the Cartoon Network phone app and VOD on March 9.[66] However, because this field specifically refers to episode airdates, the information here will denote when this episode first aired on Cartoon Network.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (September 29, 2016). "Cult Hit Animated Series 'Adventure Time' To End In 2018". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Clark, Noelene (November 14, 2012). "'Adventure Time': Post-Apocalyptic 'Candyland' Attracts Adult Fans". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ For information concerning this story arc, see the following episodes:
Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden, Erik Fountain & Polly Guo (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "The Wild Hunt". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 1. Cartoon Network.
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Graham Falk & Kent Osborne (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "Always BMO Closing". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 2. Cartoon Network.
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "Bonnibel Bubblegum". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 4. Cartoon Network.
Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone (storyboard artists) (December 17, 2017). "Seventeen". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 5. Cartoon Network.
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden & Graham Falk (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Gumbaldia". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 12. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ For information concerning this story arc, see the following episodes:
Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden, Erik Fountain & Polly Guo (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "The Wild Hunt". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 1. Cartoon Network.
Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone (storyboard artists) (December 17, 2017). "Seventeen". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 5. Cartoon Network.
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden & Graham Falk (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Gumbaldia". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 12. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ For information concerning this story arc, see the following episodes:
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Temple of Mars". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 11. Cartoon Network.
^ Jump up to: a b Osborne, Kent [@kentisawesome] (July 22, 2016). "#AdventureTimeSeason9" (Tweet). Retrieved July 23, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Muto, Adam [MrMuto] (August 2016). "That was originally the plan. I'm not sure where it falls in the official order for Season 9 but it is meant to go right after Three Buckets". Archived from the original on November 2, 2017 – via Ask.fm.
Jump up ^ Muto, Adam [MrMuto] (October 2016). "Yes. The official season divisions seem to have moved around but when we made those episodes we approached them as the end of Season 8". Archived from the original on July 2, 2017 – via Ask.fm.
Jump up ^ "Adventure Time | Videos". Cartoon Network. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Note: To see episode and season numbering information, click the link that reads "Full Episodes (22)".
Jump up ^ McKendry, David (February 4, 2013). "Q&A: 'Adventure Time' Writer Dick Grunert". Fangoria. The Brooklyn Company, Inc. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ulloa, Alexander (2010). "Adventure Time (2010)". Art of the Title. Art of the Title, LLC. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ristaino, Andy [skronked] (February 14, 2012). "It takes about 8 months to create an episode from start to finish. About a week to write an episode, a month to storyboard, a few days to record voices, two weeks to put together an animatic, a week to design it, a week to do clean up on the designs, a week to do color design, then it goes overseas and takes about five months to be animated. Rest of the time goes to retakes editing and music and sound design". Archived from the original on August 4, 2014 – via Spring.me.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Rich (December 19, 2013). "This Is How an Episode of Cartoon Network's 'Adventure Time' Is Made". The Daily Beast. The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ McDonnell, Chris (2014). Adventure Time: The Art of Ooo. Harry N. Abrams. pp. 348–349. ISBN 978-1-4197-0450-5.
Jump up ^ Ghostshrimp (January 31, 2017). "Rumor has it that I will be doing some new backgrounds for the final story arc of Adventure Time!". Facebook. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bandit, Dan "Ghostshrimp" (February 24, 2012). "I am officially retiring from Adventure Time today". Facebook. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bandit, Dan "Ghostshrimp" (March 15, 2015). "New Adventure Time 8-Parter!". GhostshrimpGlobal.com. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ghostshrimp; Ristaino, Andy (February 17, 2018). "Episode 024: Guns, Money, And Drugs with Andy Ristiano". Soundcloud. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dutton, Sophie (November 4, 2016). "Interview with 'Adventure Time' Head Writer Kent Osborne". Skwigly. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Germain, Siomara (November 1, 2016). "Brockport Welcomes Adventure Time Writer Jack Pendarvis". The Stylus. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pendarvis, Jack [@JackPendarvis] (November 21, 2016). "Starting my last ADVENTURE TIME meeting in about half an hour. Bah, I say! But also I'm excited about the story! But also my stomach hurts" (Tweet). Retrieved November 22, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Osborne, Kent [@kentisawesome] (November 28, 2016). "Last Adventure Time handout meeting :(" (Tweet). Retrieved November 29, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Alden, Sam [@samalden] (December 8, 2016). "@HannaKtweet @kikutowne my board however is going to be hot garbage, ruin the show, etc" (Tweet). Retrieved December 12, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Nyström, Hanna K [@HannaKtweet] (December 7, 2016). "hold me tight and tell me this board will be good. rock me to sleep" (Tweet). Retrieved December 12, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Alden, Sam (December 26, 2016). "Pitched my last Adventure Time storyboard last week". Instagram. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Muto, Adam [@MrMuto] (December 26, 2016). "from last week's final Adventure Time storyboard pitch" (Tweet). Retrieved December 28, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Bamford, Maria [@mariabamfoo] (January 31, 2017). "Last day of Adventuretime! #8yearsofgoodgoof thanks Pendleton and @kentisawesome for a wonderful time!" (Tweet). Retrieved February 1, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Bamford, Maria [@mariabamfoo] (January 31, 2017). "@kentisawesome pumped for last record!" (Tweet). Retrieved February 1, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Milonakis, Andy (January 31, 2017). "Adventure Time Cake". Instagram. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Amidi, Amid (November 23, 2017). "Goodbye, 'Adventure Time': Cast And Crew Gather To Bid Farewell To The Series". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pendarvis, Jack [@JackPendarvis] (February 10, 2017). "I'm in a SUMMER CAMP ISLAND meeting RIGHT NOW with @aleks_sennwald Graham Falk @Seodles @samalden @krismukai @juliapott & @ColeSanchez" (Tweet). Retrieved September 17, 2017 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b "Adventure Time". Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved January 14, 2013. Note: To reveal who voiced what character, one must click on the various characters under "Guest Stars" to reveal their voice actor or actress.
Jump up ^ Livingston, Polly Lou (Actress). 2012. "Tree Trunks" [Commentary track], Adventure Time Season One [DVD], Los Angeles, CA: Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Ward, Bettie (Artist). 2012. "Tree Trunks" [Commentary track], Adventure Time Season One [DVD], Los Angeles, CA: Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ "Character Facts of the Week: Flame Princess from Adventure Time". CartoonNetwork.co.uk. May 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Polo, Susana (October 28, 2014). "Our Interview With Adventure Time's Head of Story and the Voice of Flame Princess!". The Mary Sue. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Episodes that credit Andy Milonakis:
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "Son of Rap Bear". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 3. Cartoon Network.
Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden & Pat McHale (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Blenanas". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 9. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ ScreenCrush staff. "Meet the Voices Behind Your Favorite 'Adventure Time' Characters". ScreenCrush. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Adventure Time – Season 3 Comic-Con Exclusive: Hynden Walch". August 8, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2012 – via YouTube.
^ Jump up to: a b Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden, Erik Fountain & Polly Guo (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "The Wild Hunt". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 1. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Graham Falk & Kent Osborne (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "Always BMO Closing". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 2. Cartoon Network.
^ Jump up to: a b Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "Bonnibel Bubblegum". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 4. Cartoon Network.
^ Jump up to: a b Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone (storyboard artists) (December 17, 2017). "Seventeen". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 5. Cartoon Network.
^ Jump up to: a b Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Sam Alden & Graham Falk (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Gumbaldia". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 12. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone (storyboard artists) (September 17, 2017). "Son of Rap Bear". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 3. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard (storyboard artists) (December 17, 2017). "Ring of Fire". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 6. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Olson, Olivia. "[Snippet of 'Marcy & Hunson' script]". Instagram. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Olson, Olivia. "[Clip of 'Marcy & Hunson' recording]". Instagram. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Graham Falk & Adam Muto (storyboard artists) (December 17, 2017). "Marcy & Hunson". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 7. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald (storyboard artists) (December 17, 2017). "The First Investigation". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 8. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Sanchez, Cole (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Jake the Starchild". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 10. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Lafyatis, Diana (supervising director); Sandra Lee (art director); Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard (storyboard artists) (March 18, 2018). "Temple of Mars". Adventure Time. Season 10. Episode 11. Cartoon Network.
Jump up ^ Sources for season six "bombs":
"Coming Soon". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. November 13, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
"#Finnale". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. May 28, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sources for season seven "bombs":
"Adventure Time Returns This Monday". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. October 27, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
"4 Nights @ 8/7 c". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
"5 Nights of New Adventure Time Episodes". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. January 11, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sources for season eight "bombs":
"Adventure Time: Season 8 Arrives This Week". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
"Islands". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. January 30, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sources for season nine "bombs":
"Elements". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. April 11, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
"Adventure Time Returns on July 17". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. July 5, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Adventure Time Returns on September 17". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. September 1, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Adventure Time Returns on Sunday, December 17". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Adventure Time Returns Sunday, March 18th!". KingOfOoo. Tumblr. February 26, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Metcalf, Mitch (September 19, 2017). "Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.17.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (July 24, 2017). "Top 150 Friday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.21.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on July 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 24, 2017). "Top 100 Friday Cable Originals & Network Update: 4.21.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Franich, Darren (June 8, 2018). "The 16 Best TV Shows of 2018 (So Far)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Cartoon Network (December 7, 2017). "Adventure Time | Seventeen". Cartoon Network. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Cartoon Network [@cartoonnetwork] (December 7, 2017). "NEW ADVENTURE TIME!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Mueller, Matthew (February 22, 2018). "'Adventure Time' Returning in March with New Episodes". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Production codes for the season derived from the following sources:
"King of Ooo". Tumblr. November 8, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013. Note: Production codes are stamped onto various storyboards that must be searched for.
Olson, Olivia. "[Snippet of 'Marcy & Hunson' script]". Instagram. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016.
"Copyright Catalog" (enter "Adventure Time" in the search parameter and select individual episode titles for further information). United States Copyright Office. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
"'Adventure Time' Returning In March With New Episodes". February 22, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018. Note: In the website's image gallery for the four episodes, their production codes can be seen in the image urls.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Metcalf, Mitch (December 19, 2017). "Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.17.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Metcalf, Mitch (March 18, 2018). "Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.18.2018". Showbuzz Daily.
Jump up ^ "ADVENTURE TIME: COME ALONG WITH ME (EMEA)(2017)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "King of Ooo confirms only the four part finale is left". Tumblr. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Cartoon Network: Adventure Time: The Final Seasons". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018.
hide
v
t
e
Adventure Time
Characters
Finn the Human
Jake the Dog
Princess Bubblegum
Ice King
Marceline the Vampire Queen
Seasons
Pilot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Stakes
8
Islands
9
Elements
10
Video games
Hey Ice King! Why'd You Steal Our Garbage?!!
Explore the Dungeon Because I Don't Know!
Battle Party
The Secret of the Nameless Kingdom
Finn & Jake Investigations
Pirates of the Enchiridion
Related articles
Pendleton Ward
The Music of Ooo
Random! Cartoons
The Legend of Lucky Pie
Cartoon Network: Battle Crashers
Book
Category
hide
v
t
e
Adventure Time episodes
Pilot
Season 1
"Tree Trunks"
"The Enchiridion!"
"Ricardio the Heart Guy"
"Evicted!"
Season 2
"It Came from the Nightosphere"
"The Eyes"
"Guardians of Sunshine"
"Death in Bloom"
"Mortal Folly" / "Mortal Recoil"
Season 3
"Hitman"
"Too Young"
"Fionna and Cake"
"What Was Missing"
"Holly Jolly Secrets"
"Another Way"
"Incendium"
Season 4
"Hot to the Touch"
"Five Short Graybles"
"Web Weirdos"
"Dream of Love"
"Return to the Nightosphere" / "Daddy's Little Monster"
"In Your Footsteps"
"Hug Wolf"
"Princess Monster Wife"
"Goliad"
"Beyond This Earthly Realm"
"Gotcha!"
"Princess Cookie"
"Card Wars"
"Sons of Mars"
"Burning Low"
"BMO Noire"
"King Worm"
"Lady & Peebles"
"You Made Me"
"Who Would Win"
"Ignition Point"
"The Hard Easy"
"Reign of Gunters"
"I Remember You"
"The Lich"
Season 5
"Finn the Human" / "Jake the Dog"
"Bad Little Boy"
"Simon & Marcy"
"A Glitch Is a Glitch"
"Puhoy"
"James Baxter the Horse"
"Wizards Only, Fools"
"Be More"
"Sky Witch"
"Frost & Fire"
"Time Sandwich"
"Root Beer Guy"
"Rattleballs"
"The Red Throne"
"Betty"
"Bad Timing"
"Billy's Bucket List"
Season 6
"Wake Up" / "Escape from the Citadel"
"Food Chain"
"Furniture & Meat"
"Something Big"
"Is That You?"
"Jake the Brick"
"Dentist"
"Evergreen"
"Astral Plane"
"The Diary"
"Walnuts & Rain"
"Jermaine"
Season 7
Stakes
"Bad Jubies"
"Crossover"
"The Hall of Egress"
Season 8
"Normal Man"
Islands
Season 9
"Orb"
Elements
Season 10
"Marcy & Hunson"
Come Along with Me
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adventure_Time_(season_10)&oldid=846588571"
Categories:
Adventure Time seasons
2017 American television seasons
Hidden categories:
Episode lists with unformatted air dates
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
Italiano
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 June 2018, at 18:04 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #842CB1; color: white; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: scope style

values:
row
white-space: nowrap

value: abbr

values: text-align:center;background: #842CB1; color: white; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
/wiki/The_Ice_King
mw-redirect
The Ice King

values:
/wiki/Graham_Falk
mw-redirect
Graham Falk

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
description
8
border-bottom:solid 3px #842CB1

values: margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: c00 #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Tribune_Company
mw-redirect
Tribune Company

values:
nofollow
external text
https://archive.is/vlEG4

values:
nofollow
http://www.skwigly.co.uk/kent-osborne/
external text

values: The College at Brockport, State University of New York

values:
nofollow
external text
https://archive.is/2kBNF

values:
/wiki/Showbuzz_Daily
mw-redirect
Showbuzz Daily

values:
nofollow
external text
https://archive.is/UpvaS

values:
nofollow
http://kingofooo.tumblr.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://archive.is/1hyJB

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Adventure Time: Hey Ice King! Why'd You Steal Our Garbage?!!

values: Adventure Time: Explore the Dungeon Because I Don't Know!

values:
/wiki/Adventure_Time:_Battle_Party
mw-redirect
Adventure Time: Battle Party

values: Adventure Time: The Secret of the Nameless Kingdom

values: Adventure Time: Finn & Jake Investigations

values: Adventure Time: Pirates of the Enchiridion

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Return to the Nightosphere / Daddy's Little Monster

values: Category:2017 American television seasons

values: Category:Episode lists with unformatted air dates

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Adventure_Time_(season_10)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Episodi di Adventure Time (decima stagione) – Italian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Adventure_Time_season_10 rootpage-Adventure_Time_season_10 skin-vector action-view