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Ballon d'Or
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Michel Platini, pictured with the 1985 Ballon d'Or, won the award three times in succession.
The Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ]; "Golden Ball"), is an annual football award presented by France Football. It has been awarded since 1956, although between 2010 and 2015, an agreement was made with FIFA and the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year, and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or, but the partnership was ended in 2016 and the award been reversed back to Ballon d'Or while FIFA also renamed its traditional award. Conceived by sports writer Gabriel Hanot, the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year, based on voting by football journalists. Originally, only European players were in contention for the Ballon d'Or: in 1995 the award was expanded to include all players at European clubs[1][2] and in 2007 to all players from around the world.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Winners
2.1 Wins by player
2.2 Wins by country
2.3 Wins by club
3 Additional awards
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
History
Stanley Matthews of Blackpool was the inaugural winner of the Ballon d'Or.[4] Prior to 1995, the award was often known in English language media as the European Footballer of the Year award. Milan's George Weah, the only African recipient, became the first non-European to win the award in the year the rules of eligibility were changed.[2] Ronaldo of Internazionale became the first South American winner two years later.[2] Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have won the award a record five times. Three players have won the award three times each: Johan Cruyff of Ajax and Barcelona, Michel Platini of Juventus and Marco van Basten of Milan. With seven awards each, Dutch and German players won the most Ballons d'Or. Spanish club Barcelona has the most winners, with 11 wins.[5]
Between 2010 and 2015 inclusive the award was merged with a similar award, the FIFA World Player of the Year award, to create the FIFA Ballon d'Or, which was awarded to the world's best male player, before FIFA and France Football broke the merging agreement.[6] After 2011, UEFA created the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award to maintain the format of the original Ballon d'Or.[7]
Winners
Key
Indicates player also won the FIFA World Player of the Year (1991–2009) or The Best FIFA Men's Player (2016–) in the same year
Cristiano Ronaldo (left) and Lionel Messi, have won five awards each.
Year
Rank
Player
Team
Points
Ballon d'Or (1956–2009)
1956 1st Stanley Matthews Blackpool 47
2nd Alfredo Di Stéfano Real Madrid 44
3rd Raymond Kopa Real Madrid 33
1957 1st Alfredo Di Stéfano[note 1] Real Madrid 72
2nd Billy Wright Wolverhampton Wanderers 19
3rd Duncan Edwards Manchester United 16
Raymond Kopa Real Madrid
1958 1st Raymond Kopa Real Madrid 71
2nd Helmut Rahn Rot-Weiss Essen 40
3rd Just Fontaine Stade de Reims 23
1959 1st Alfredo Di Stéfano Real Madrid 80
2nd Raymond Kopa Real Madrid 42
3rd John Charles Juventus 24
1960 1st Luis Suárez Barcelona 54
2nd Ferenc Puskás Real Madrid 37
3rd Uwe Seeler Hamburg 33
1961 1st Omar Sívori[note 2] Juventus 46
2nd Luis Suárez Internazionale 40
3rd Johnny Haynes Fulham 22
1962 1st Josef Masopust Dukla Prague 65
2nd Eusébio Benfica 53
3rd Karl-Heinz Schnellinger Köln 33
1963 1st Lev Yashin Dynamo Moscow 73
2nd Gianni Rivera Milan 53
3rd Jimmy Greaves Tottenham Hotspur 33
1964 1st Denis Law Manchester United 61
2nd Luis Suárez Internazionale 43
3rd Amancio Real Madrid 38
1965 1st Eusébio Benfica 67
2nd Giacinto Facchetti Internazionale 59
3rd Luis Suárez Internazionale 45
1966 1st Bobby Charlton Manchester United 81
2nd Eusébio Benfica 80
3rd Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 59
1967 1st Flórián Albert Ferencváros 68
2nd Bobby Charlton Manchester United 40
3rd Jimmy Johnstone Celtic 39
1968 1st George Best Manchester United 61
2nd Bobby Charlton Manchester United 53
3rd Dragan Džajić Red Star Belgrade 46
1969 1st Gianni Rivera Milan 83
2nd Luigi Riva Cagliari 79
3rd Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 38
1970 1st Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 77
2nd Bobby Moore West Ham United 70
3rd Luigi Riva Cagliari 65
1971 1st Johan Cruyff Ajax 116
2nd Sandro Mazzola Internazionale 57
3rd George Best Manchester United 56
1972 1st Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 81
2nd Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 79
Günter Netzer Borussia Mönchengladbach
1973 1st Johan Cruyff[note 3] Barcelona 96
2nd Dino Zoff Juventus 47
3rd Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 44
1974 1st Johan Cruyff Barcelona 116
2nd Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 105
3rd Kazimierz Deyna Legia Warsaw 35
1975 1st Oleg Blokhin Dynamo Kyiv 122
2nd Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 42
3rd Johan Cruyff Barcelona 27
1976 1st Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 91
2nd Rob Rensenbrink Anderlecht 75
3rd Ivo Viktor Dukla Prague 52
1977 1st Allan Simonsen Borussia Mönchengladbach 74
2nd Kevin Keegan[note 4] Hamburg 71
3rd Michel Platini Nancy 70
1978 1st Kevin Keegan Hamburg 87
2nd Hans Krankl Barcelona 81
3rd Rob Rensenbrink Anderlecht 50
1979 1st Kevin Keegan Hamburg 118
2nd Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Bayern Munich 52
3rd Ruud Krol Ajax 41
1980 1st Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Bayern Munich 122
2nd Bernd Schuster Barcelona 34
3rd Michel Platini Saint-Étienne 33
1981 1st Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Bayern Munich 106
2nd Paul Breitner Bayern Munich 64
3rd Bernd Schuster Barcelona 39
1982 1st Paolo Rossi Juventus 115
2nd Alain Giresse Bordeaux 64
3rd Zbigniew Boniek Juventus 39
1983 1st Michel Platini Juventus 110
2nd Kenny Dalglish Liverpool 26
3rd Allan Simonsen Vejle 25
1984 1st Michel Platini Juventus 110
2nd Jean Tigana Bordeaux 57
3rd Preben Elkjær Hellas Verona 48
1985 1st Michel Platini Juventus 127
2nd Preben Elkjær Hellas Verona 71
3rd Bernd Schuster Barcelona 46
1986 1st Igor Belanov Dynamo Kyiv 84
2nd Gary Lineker[note 5] Barcelona 62
3rd Emilio Butragueño Real Madrid 59
1987 1st Ruud Gullit[note 6] Milan 106
2nd Paulo Futre[note 7] Atlético Madrid 91
3rd Emilio Butragueño Real Madrid 61
1988 1st Marco van Basten Milan 129
2nd Ruud Gullit Milan 88
3rd Frank Rijkaard[note 8] Milan 45
1989 1st Marco van Basten Milan 129
2nd Franco Baresi Milan 80
3rd Frank Rijkaard Milan 43
1990 1st Lothar Matthäus Internazionale 137
2nd Salvatore Schillaci Juventus 84
3rd Andreas Brehme Internazionale 68
1991 1st Jean-Pierre Papin Marseille 141
2nd Dejan Savićević Red Star Belgrade 42
Darko Pančev Red Star Belgrade
Lothar Matthäus Internazionale
1992 1st Marco van Basten Milan 98
2nd Hristo Stoichkov Barcelona 80
3rd Dennis Bergkamp Ajax 53
1993 1st Roberto Baggio Juventus 142
2nd Dennis Bergkamp Internazionale 83
3rd Eric Cantona Manchester United 34
1994 1st Hristo Stoichkov Barcelona 210
2nd Roberto Baggio Juventus 136
3rd Paolo Maldini Milan 109
1995 1st George Weah [note 9] Milan 144
2nd Jürgen Klinsmann Bayern Munich 108
3rd Jari Litmanen Ajax 67
1996 1st Matthias Sammer Borussia Dortmund 144
2nd Ronaldo[note 10] Barcelona 143
3rd Alan Shearer Newcastle United 107
1997 1st Ronaldo [note 11] Internazionale 222
2nd Predrag Mijatović Real Madrid 68
3rd Zinedine Zidane Juventus 63
1998 1st Zinedine Zidane Juventus 244
2nd Davor Šuker Real Madrid 68
3rd Ronaldo Internazionale 66
1999 1st Rivaldo Barcelona 219
2nd David Beckham Manchester United 154
3rd Andriy Shevchenko Milan 64
2000 1st Luís Figo[note 12] Real Madrid 197
2nd Zinedine Zidane Juventus 181
3rd Andriy Shevchenko Milan 85
2001 1st Michael Owen Liverpool 176
2nd Raúl Real Madrid 140
3rd Oliver Kahn Bayern Munich 114
2002 1st Ronaldo [note 13] Real Madrid 169
2nd Roberto Carlos Real Madrid 145
3rd Oliver Kahn Bayern Munich 110
2003 1st Pavel Nedvěd Juventus 190
2nd Thierry Henry Arsenal 128
3rd Paolo Maldini Milan 123
2004 1st Andriy Shevchenko Milan 175
2nd Deco[note 14] Barcelona 139
3rd Ronaldinho Barcelona 133
2005 1st Ronaldinho Barcelona 225
2nd Frank Lampard Chelsea 148
3rd Steven Gerrard Liverpool 142
2006 1st Fabio Cannavaro [note 15] Real Madrid 173
2nd Gianluigi Buffon Juventus 124
3rd Thierry Henry Arsenal 121
2007 1st Kaká Milan 444
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United 277
3rd Lionel Messi Barcelona 255
2008 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United 446
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 281
3rd Fernando Torres Liverpool 179
2009 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 473
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo[note 16] Real Madrid 233
3rd Xavi Barcelona 170
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
2010 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 22.65%
2nd Andrés Iniesta Barcelona 17.36%
3rd Xavi Barcelona 16.48%
2011 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 47.88%
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 21.60%
3rd Xavi Barcelona 9.23%
2012 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 41.60%
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 23.68%
3rd Andrés Iniesta Barcelona 10.91%
2013 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 27.99%
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 24.72%
3rd Franck Ribéry Bayern Munich 23.36%
2014 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 37.66%
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 15.76%
3rd Manuel Neuer Bayern Munich 15.72%
2015 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 41.33%
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 27.76%
3rd Neymar Barcelona 7.86%
Ballon d'Or (2016–present)
2016 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 745
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 316
3rd Antoine Griezmann Atlético Madrid 198
2017 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 946
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 670
3rd Neymar[note 17] Paris Saint-Germain 361
Wins by player
Johan Cruyff with the Ballon d'Or in 1971
One-time winners are only included if they have also finished 2nd or 3rd in another year.
Player
1st
2nd
3rd
Lionel Messi[note 18]
5 (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015) 5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) 1 (2007)
Cristiano Ronaldo[note 19]
5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) 5 (2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015) —
Michel Platini
3 (1983, 1984, 1985) — 2 (1977, 1980)
Johan Cruyff
3 (1971, 1973, 1974) — 1 (1975)
Marco van Basten
3 (1988, 1989, 1992) — —
Franz Beckenbauer
2 (1972, 1976) 2 (1974, 1975) 1 (1966)
Ronaldo
2 (1997, 2002) 1 (1996) 1 (1998)
Alfredo Di Stéfano
2 (1957, 1959) 1 (1956) —
Kevin Keegan
2 (1978, 1979) 1 (1977) —
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
2 (1980, 1981) 1 (1979) —
Luis Suárez
1 (1960) 2 (1961, 1964) 1 (1965)
Eusébio
1 (1965) 2 (1962, 1966) —
Bobby Charlton
1 (1966) 2 (1967, 1968) —
Raymond Kopa
1 (1958) 1 (1959) 2 (1956, 1957)
Gerd Müller
1 (1970) 1 (1972) 2 (1969, 1973)
Zinedine Zidane
1 (1998) 1 (2000) 1 (1997)
Gianni Rivera
1 (1969) 1 (1963) —
Ruud Gullit
1 (1987) 1 (1988) —
Lothar Matthäus
1 (1990) 1 (1991) —
Roberto Baggio
1 (1993) 1 (1994) —
Hristo Stoichkov
1 (1994) 1 (1992) —
Andriy Shevchenko
1 (2004) — 2 (1999, 2000)
George Best
1 (1968) — 1 (1971)
Allan Simonsen
1 (1977) — 1 (1983)
Ronaldinho
1 (2005) — 1 (2004)
Wins by country
Country
Players
Total
Germany
5 7
Netherlands
3 7
Portugal
3 7
France
4 6
Italy
5 5
Brazil
4 5
England
4 5
Argentina
1 5
Soviet Union
3 3
Spain
2 3
Czech Republic
2 2
Bulgaria
1 1
Denmark
1 1
Hungary
1 1
Liberia
1 1
Northern Ireland
1 1
Scotland
1 1
Ukraine
1 1
Wins by club
Club
Players
Total
Barcelona
6 11
Real Madrid
6 10
Juventus
6 8
Milan
6 8
Bayern Munich
3 5
Manchester United
4 4
Dynamo Kyiv
2 2
Internazionale
2 2
Hamburg
1 2
Ajax
1 1
Benfica
1 1
Blackpool
1 1
Borussia Dortmund
1 1
Borussia Mönchengladbach
1 1
Dukla Prague
1 1
Dynamo Moscow
1 1
Ferencváros
1 1
Liverpool
1 1
Marseille
1 1
Additional awards
A special Ballon d'Or, under the name Super Ballon d'Or, was awarded to Alfredo Di Stéfano in 1989, after he surpassed Johan Cruyff and Michel Platini in France Football's voting.[10] A decade later, France Football elected Pelé the Football Player of the Century after consulting their former Ballon d'Or recipients. Among the 34 previous winners, 30 cast their votes; Stanley Matthews, Omar Sívori and George Best abstained, and Lev Yashin had died. Each voter was allotted five votes worth up to five points; however, Di Stéfano only chose a first place, Platini a first and second place, and George Weah two players for fifth place. Pelé was named the greatest by 17 voters, receiving almost double the number of points earned by the runner-up, Diego Maradona.[11]
Football Player of the Century
Player
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Pelé (BRA)
122 17 5 4 2 1
Diego Maradona (ARG)
65 3 6 5 5 1
Johan Cruyff (NED)
62 1 4 7 9 2
Alfredo Di Stéfano (ESP)
44 4 3 3 1 1
Michel Platini (FRA)
40 1 5 1 3 6
To coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Ballon d'Or in 2016, France Football published a reevaluation of the awards presented before 1995, when only European players were eligible to win the award. 12 out of the 39 Ballons d'Or presented during this time period would have been awarded to South American players; in addition to Pelé and Diego Maradona, Garrincha, Mario Kempes, and Romário were retrospectively recognized as worthy winners. The original recipients, however, remain unchanged.[12] Maradona and Pelé received honorary Ballons d'Or for their services to football in 1996 and 2013, respectively.[13][14]
Le nouveau palmarès (the new winners)
Year
Original
Alternative
1958
Raymond Kopa (FRA) Pelé (BRA)
1959
Alfredo Di Stéfano (ESP) Pelé (BRA)
1960
Luis Suárez (ESP) Pelé (BRA)
1961
Omar Sívori (ITA) Pelé (BRA)
1962
Josef Masopust (TCH) Garrincha (BRA)
1963
Lev Yashin (URS) Pelé (BRA)
1964
Denis Law (SCO) Pelé (BRA)
1970
Gerd Müller (FRG) Pelé (BRA)
1978
Kevin Keegan (ENG) Mario Kempes (ARG)
1986
Igor Belanov (URS) Diego Maradona (ARG)
1990
Lothar Matthäus (GER) Diego Maradona (ARG)
1994
Hristo Stoichkov (BUL) Romário (BRA)
See also
FIFA World Player of the Year
FIFA Ballon d'Or
The Best FIFA Football Awards
FIFPro World XI
Notes
Jump up ^ Born in Argentina, Di Stéfano acquired Spanish citizenship in 1956 and went on to play for the Spanish national football team.
Jump up ^ Born in Argentina, Sívori acquired Italian citizenship in 1961 and went on to play for the Italian national football team.
Jump up ^ Cruyff was signed by Barcelona from Ajax midway through 1973.
Jump up ^ Keegan was signed by Hamburg from Liverpool midway through 1977.
Jump up ^ Lineker was signed by Barcelona from Everton midway through 1986.
Jump up ^ Gullit was signed by Milan from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1987.
Jump up ^ Futre was signed by Atlético Madrid from Porto midway through 1987.
Jump up ^ Rijkaard was signed by Milan from Real Zaragoza midway through 1988.
Jump up ^ Weah was signed by Milan from Paris Saint-Germain midway through 1995.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Barcelona from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1996.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Internazionale from Barcelona midway through 1997.
Jump up ^ Figo was signed by Real Madrid from Barcelona midway through 2000.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Internazionale midway through 2002.
Jump up ^ Deco was signed by Barcelona from Porto midway through 2004.
Jump up ^ Cannavaro was signed by Real Madrid from Juventus midway through 2006.
Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Manchester United midway through 2009.
Jump up ^ Neymar was signed by Paris Saint-Germain from Barcelona midway through 2017.
Jump up ^ Messi won four FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010, 2011, 2012, 2015) and twice finished in second place (2013, 2014).[8][9]
Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo won two FIFA Ballons d'Or (2013, 2014) and thrice finished in second place (2011, 2012, 2015).[8][9]
References
Jump up ^ "Matthews wins first Golden Ball". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The 1990s Ballon d'Or winners". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kaka wins 2007 award". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ronaldo joins legendary list". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Rankings by Wins". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "The FIFA Ballon d'Or is born". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 5 July 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "How the award came about". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "La liste complête des lauréats du Ballon d'or, de 1956 à nos jours". France Football. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "FIFA Awards – World Player of the Year". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "On this day, Di Stéfano won the Super Ballon d'Or". RealMadrid.com. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Stokkermans, Karel (23 December 2015). "France Football's Football Player of the Century". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Marchand, Thierry (December 2015). "On a refait le palmarès". France Football. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maradona receives honorary award". BBC Sport. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pele receives FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur". FIFA.com. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
External links
"European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
"La liste complête des lauréats du Ballon d'or, de 1956 à nos jours". France Football. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
[show]
v
t
e
Ballon d'Or
France Football magazine award
Ballon d'Or (1956–2009)
1956: Matthews
1957: Di Stéfano
1958: Kopa
1959: Di Stéfano
1960: Suárez
1961: Sívori
1962: Masopust
1963: Yashin
1964: Law
1965: Eusébio
1966: Charlton
1967: Albert
1968: Best
1969: Rivera
1970: Müller
1971: Cruyff
1972: Beckenbauer
1973: Cruyff
1974: Cruyff
1975: Blokhin
1976: Beckenbauer
1977: Simonsen
1978: Keegan
1979: Keegan
1980: Rummenigge
1981: Rummenigge
1982: Rossi
1983: Platini
1984: Platini
1985: Platini
1986: Belanov
1987: Gullit
1988: Van Basten
1989: Van Basten
1990: Matthäus
1991: Papin
1992: Van Basten
1993: Baggio
1994: Stoichkov
1995: Weah
1996: Sammer
1997: Ronaldo
1998: Zidane
1999: Rivaldo
2000: Figo
2001: Owen
2002: Ronaldo
2003: Nedvěd
2004: Shevchenko
2005: Ronaldinho
2006: Cannavaro
2007: Kaká
2008: C. Ronaldo
2009: Messi
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
2010: Messi
2011: Messi
2012: Messi
2013: C. Ronaldo
2014: C. Ronaldo
2015: Messi
Ballon d'Or (2016–present)
2016: C. Ronaldo
2017: C. Ronaldo
FIFA World Player of the Year (1991–2009)
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
The Best FIFA Men's Player (2016–present)
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Miller Brothers 101 Ranch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
101 Ranch Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Nearest city
Ponca City, Oklahoma
Area
82.6 acres (33.4 ha)
Built
1892
NRHP reference #
73001560
Significant dates
Added to NRHP
April 29, 1973[1]
Designated NHLD
May 15, 1975[2][3]
The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch was a 110,000-acre (45,000 ha) cattle ranch in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma before statehood. Located near modern-day Ponca City, it was founded by Colonel George Washington Miller, a veteran of the Confederate Army, in 1893.[4] The 101 Ranch was the birthplace of the 101 Ranch Wild West Show and one of the early focal points of the oil rush in northeastern Oklahoma. It was the largest diversified farm and ranch in America at the time.[4] Bill Pickett's grave and the White Eagle Monument are located on the ranch grounds. The location of the former working cattle ranch was subdivided and all of its buildings destroyed. An 82-acre (33 ha) area of the ranch is a National Historic Landmark.
In 1903, when Colonel George Miller died, his three sons, Joseph, George Jr., and Zack took over operation of the 110,000 acre ranch. By 1932 most of the land was owned by the Miller family. They leased other land from the Ponca, Pawnee, and Otoe Indians in Kay, Noble, Osage and Pawnee Counties.[5] The ranch remained in the family for almost 60 years.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 The 101 Ranch Wild West Show
1.2 Oil and Miller brothers' decline
2 National Historic Landmark
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The 101 Ranch Wild West Show[edit]
The original layout of the ranch
Mural Honoring the Miller Brothers and the 101 Ranch & Wild West Show. Located at 207 W. Grand in Ponca City, OK
The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show wagons
Pawnee Bill and Zack Miller on horseback in Oklahoma
The Millers' neighbor Major Gordon W. Lillie, who performed as Pawnee Bill, motivated the Millers to produce a Wild West Show of their own. The Millers made their transition from putting on local shows to the national scene in 1907, when they performed at the Jamestown Exposition in Virginia.
Later in 1907, the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show began the tour circuit in Brighton Beach, New York.[6] Joe Miller, the eldest son, was an exceptional equestrian and star performer. Over the course of the show's history, its cast included Lillian Smith,[7] Bill Picket, Bessie Herberg, Bee Ho Gray, Tom Mix, Jack Hoxie, Mexican Joe, Ross Hettan, and an elderly Buffalo Bill.
The Miller brothers came late into Wild West Show business and suffered financially along with the other shows after the invention of motion pictures. Their show had more problems than most in a business that was harsh in the best of times. During their first year on the circuit, they suffered a serious railroad accident. Later several members of their cast contracted typhoid fever.
In 1908, when Buffalo Bill and Pawnee Bill combined their shows into an extravaganza that broke records at Madison Square Gardens in New York City, the Miller Brothers took their show abroad. In England, the British military confiscated most of the 101’s horses, stagecoaches, and automobiles to build up for war, as tensions were building related to the pending World War I. When the Millers' show toured in Germany, authorities arrested some of their Oglala Sioux performers on suspicion of being Serbian spies, they were never seen again. A frantic Zack Miller managed to get the rest of cast out of Germany via Norway, and then to England. Once in London, however, he had difficulty finding a steamship that would sell his people passage. Finally, he obtained passage for his cast on an American ship. Once the cast returned to Oklahoma, the eldest brother Joe Miller refused to pay the Indian cast overtime. As a result, the entire Indian cast quit the show.
By 1916, the two younger Miller brothers abandoned trying to work with their volatile oldest brother. George Jr. and Zack worked at the ranch, while Joe schemed to make the Wild West Show a financial success. Joe Miller hired an out-of-work, aging, and ill Buffalo Bill to star in a World War I recruitment show called the "Pageant of Preparedness." Soon Cody quit the show; he died within a year. Still unwilling to let the show close, Joe continued to operate on a smaller scale. In 1927, Joe was unsuccessful in his attempts to sell his show to the American Circus Corporation.
Oil and Miller brothers' decline[edit]
In 1908 the Millers entered into a leasing arrangement with E. W. Marland, who formed the 101 Ranch Oil Company. Oil was struck in 1911 at the "Willie-Cries-for-War" well. Marland would become a millionaire and later a U.S congressman. He was eventually elected the governor of Oklahoma.[8] The company’s 1911 oil discovery led to the founding of the Marland Oil Company, later renamed the Continental Oil Company, and then ConocoPhillips.
On October 21, 1927 a neighbor found Joe Miller dead in the 101 Ranch garage with his car running. The family physician ruled his death accidental. In 1929, George Miller, Jr., died in a car accident.
Zack Miller tried to carry on alone, but in 1932, during the Great Depression, he filed for bankruptcy. The US government seized the show's remaining assets and bought 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of the 101 Ranch. Completely broke, the 101 Ranch show closed after the New York World’s Fair in 1939. Zack Miller died of cancer in 1952.[citation needed]
National Historic Landmark[edit]
A small portion of the ranch property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.[2][3][9]
After Zack Miller’s bankruptcy, the federal Farm Security Administration (FSA) divided the remaining ranch lands and sold off parcels to individuals. The 101 Ranch house and most other buildings were torn down. The 101 Ranch store remained standing until September 22, 1987, when it burned in a fire of unknown origins.[10] Few of the 101 Ranch buildings are left standing today. In 1990, the Oklahoma Legislature designated State Highway 156 as the 101 Ranch Memorial Road.[11] An historical marker is located on the highway about 13 miles (21 km) southwest of Ponca City.[9]
Little of the former 101 Ranch estate remains today. Nearly all of the buildings were destroyed and the land subdivided and sold after the Miller Brothers' final bankruptcy. This photo shows the 101 Ranch as it existed with ranchhouse, corrals, and out-buildings.
See also[edit]
List of Wild West shows
The 101 Ranch a book about the ranch, written by Ellsworth Collings and Alma Miller England
List of National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places listings in Kay County, Oklahoma
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miller Brothers 101 Ranch.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b National Park Service (April 2007). "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
^ Jump up to: a b "101 Ranch Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Hoy, Jim, Cattle Industry," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed March 5, 2015).
Jump up ^ "The 101 Ranch", Ellsworth Collings, University of Oklahoma Press; Reprint edition (March 1986) ISBN 0-8061-1047-3.
Jump up ^ "Buffalo Astray from Show," The New York Times, July 24, 1907.
Jump up ^ Wallis, Michael (2000). The Real Wild West: The 101 Ranch and the Creation of the American West. St. Martin's Press. p. 672. ISBN 978-0-312-26381-2. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
Jump up ^ John Joseph Mathews, E. W. Marland: Life and Death of an Oil Man, p. 80. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, (1985): ISBN 0-8061-1238-7
^ Jump up to: a b Marcia M. Greenlee (September 27, 1974). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: 101 Ranch Historic District, Bill Pickett's Grave, and White Eagle Monument" (pdf). National Park Service. and Accompanying 14 photos from 1974. (6.35 MB)
Jump up ^ Palmer, Griff, "Flames Destroy Bid to Preserve 101 Ranch Store," Daily Oklahoman, Sept. 23, 1987.
Jump up ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Planning & Research Division. "Memorial Dedication & Revision History - SH 156". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
Cunniff, M.G. (February 1906). "The 101 Ranch". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XI: 7219–7228. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
Collings, Ellsworth, and Alma Miller England. The 101 Ranch (University of Oklahoma) 1937.
Everett, Dianna. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture (Oklahoma Historical Society) 2002.
Tintle, Rhonda. "Oklahoma and the True Story of the Wild West Show” (University of Oklahoma) 2007.
Wallis, Michael. The Real Wild West: the 101 Ranch and the Creation of the American West (New York) 1999.
Western History Collection. "Miller Brothers 101 Ranch and Wild West Show Collection" (University of Oklahoma).
"The Fabulous Empire: Colonel Zack Miller's Story" — by Fred Gipson

External links[edit]
Cherokee Strip Museum: "The 101 Ranch"
Bee Ho Gray — a star trick roper of the 101 Ranch Wild West Show.
101 Ranch Old Timers Association — via 101 Ranch Collectors.com
Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
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text:
Mandovi River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mandovi River/Mahadayi
River
Mandovi Bridge view from Ribandar
Country
India
State
Goa, Karnataka
Source
Bhimgad
- location Karnataka, India
Mouth
- location Arabian Sea, India
Length
77 km (48 mi)
Discharge
- average 105 m3/s (3,708 cu ft/s) [1]
Mandovi River view on cloudy day in winter, Goa, India
The Mahadayi/Mandovi River (Mandovi, pronounced [maːɳɖ(ɔ)wĩː]), also known as Mahadayi or Mhadei river, is described as the lifeline of the Indian state of Goa. The river has a length of 77 kilometres (48 miles), 29 kilometres (18 miles) in Karnataka and 52 kilometres (32 miles) in Goa. It originates from a cluster of 30 springs at Bhimgad in the Western Ghats in the Belagavi district of Karnataka.[2] The river has a 2,032 km2 catchment area in Karnataka and a 1,580 km2 catchment area in Goa.[3] With its cerulean waters, Dudhsagar Falls and Varapoha Falls, it is also known as the Gomati in a few places. The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two primary rivers in the state of Goa.
The Mandovi enters Goa from the north via the Sattari Taluka in Goa and from Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka near the Castle Rock Rly. Stn. The Mandovi flows through Belagavi, Uttara Kannada in Karnataka and Cumbarjua, Divadi and Chodné in Goa, eventually pouring into the Arabian Sea. Mandovi joins with the Zuari at a common point at Cabo Aguada, forming the Mormugao harbour. Panaji, the state capital and Old Goa, the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi. The river Mapusa is a tributary of the Mandovi.
The Cumbarjuem Canal, which links both rivers, has made the interiors of the Mandovi accessible to ships carrying iron ore. Iron ore is Goa's prime mineral and it is mined in the eastern hills. Three large freshwater isles — Divar, Chorao and Vashee are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, named after the renowned ornithologist Salim Ali. A regular ferry transports the inhabitants between the isles and the mainland.
Spanning across the Mandovi River near Panjim is the majestic Mandovi Bridge. The bridge collapsed in the 1980s before a new bridge was constructed to accommodate heavy transport vehicles. The Mandovi Bridge links the towns of Panjim to Porvorim. On 14 June 2014, the foundation stone for the third bridge, which would be the largest bridge in Goa, was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It will span 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) and will be 15 metres (49 feet) higher than the existing bridges and will be spaced in between the two.
During the winter months, the peak tourist season, special dusk cruises on the Mandovi - complete with serenading bands - add to the charm of the river.[4]
The sharing of the waters of this river is a cause of dispute between the governments of Karnataka and Goa. The Karnataka government proposes to divert some water from the Mahadayi river to the Malaprabha river basin as part of the Kalasa-Banduri Nala project, as approximately 200 tmc feet of water flows into the Arabian Sea now without being used for anything. The Mahadayi Water Tribunal has to decide on the sharing of this river's waters between Karnataka and Goa. There may be a dam built in Old Goa for allotment of water to the two states. Sharing justice may be 30:70.
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mandovi River.
Jump up ^ Kumar, Rakesh; Singh, R.D.; Sharma, K.D. (2005-09-10). "Water Resources of India" (PDF). Current Science. Bengaluru: Current Science Association. 89 (5): 794–811. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Mahadayi River". India9.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Turmoil over Mhadei River". Daijiworld. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Oh!Mandovi". Navhind Times. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
Coordinates: 15°30′12″N 73°50′28″E / 15.503373°N 73.841246°E / 15.503373; 73.841246
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandovi_River&oldid=801438865"
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values: Goa Mandovi Bridge view from Ribandar 10-25-2008 6-14-02 PM.JPG

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/wiki/Varapoha_Falls
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Varapoha Falls

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/wiki/Chor%C3%A3o_(Island)
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Chorão (Island)

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The Kalasa-Banduri Nala project

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Navhind Times

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values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandavi
Mandavi – Cebuano
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Mandovi – German
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Mandovi – French
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fr
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