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ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex
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This article is about sports complex at Walt Disney World. For other uses, see Wide World of Sports (disambiguation).
ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex

Entrance to ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex, 2010
Former names
Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex
Location
Walt Disney World Resort, Bay Lake, Florida, U.S.
Coordinates
28°20′13.5″N 81°33′21.6″W / 28.337083°N 81.556000°W / 28.337083; -81.556000Coordinates: 28°20′13.5″N 81°33′21.6″W / 28.337083°N 81.556000°W / 28.337083; -81.556000
Owner
Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products
(The Walt Disney Company)
Operator
Disney Sports Enterprises
Opened
March 28, 1997; 21 years ago (1997-03-28)
Tenants
AdvoCare Invitational (NCAA Basketball)
Walt Disney World Pro Soccer Classic
Gulf Coast League Braves (Gulf Coast League)
Website
Official website
Walt Disney World
Theme parks
Magic Kingdom
Epcot
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Disney's Animal Kingdom
Water parks
Disney's Typhoon Lagoon
Disney's Blizzard Beach
Other attractions
Disney Springs
ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex
Hotels
Walt Disney World Resorts
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The ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex is a 220 acres (89 ha) athletic complex located in the Walt Disney World Resort, in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando, Florida. The complex includes 9 venues and hosts numerous amateur and professional sporting events throughout the year.
It was known as Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex from 1997 until 2010 when it was re-branded with the Disney-owned ESPN brand. The rebranding was unveiled on February 25, 2010. The complex is a part of the Sports tourism emerging market.[1]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Disney branded
1.2 ESPN branded
2 Venues
2.1 Champion Stadium
2.2 HP Field House
2.3 Visa Center
2.4 Marathon Sports Fields
2.4.1 Baseball Quadraplex
2.4.2 Softball Quadraplex
2.5 Tennis Complex
2.6 Cross Country Course
2.7 Track and Field Complex
2.8 The Arena
3 Programs and events
4 Prior tenants
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Disney built the US$100 million facility on former wetlands under the direction of Disney Vice President Reggie Williams.[2] Construction started in July 1995.[3] The complex was build to:
publicize Walt Disney World
fill some hotel rooms
some sponsorship revenue
build Disney World's position as a sports destination.[1]
Disney branded[edit]
The venue opened on March 28, 1997 with an exhibition baseball game between the Atlanta Braves and the Cincinnati Reds.[4] On April 21-27, the main tennis courts hosted the U.S. Men's Clay Court Tennis Championships. A grand opening was held May 15, 1997. The initial build out consisted of nine venues with a 10th, the Olympic velodrome, expected in the third quarter 1997.[4] Initial tenants were Braves & its rookie team, the Harlem Globetrotters, NFL Experience, the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, Amateur Athletic Union,[5] Official All Star Café and Northeastern University's Center for the Study of Sport in Society.[3]:2 Disney bid for the Florida state high school football finals for 1997 but lost to Gainesville. In June 1999, the complex made a deal with the Florida High School Activities Association to host the state prep volleyball championships at the Disney Fieldhouse for three years.[6] USA Trampoline and Tumbling Championships was held at the complex the weekend of June 7, 1997.[7]
A former baseball umpire and an architect alleged that they approached the Walt Disney Company in 1987 with plans for a sports complex, and that Wide World of Sports, which opened 10 years later, was heavily based on their designs. Disney claimed that, while the designs had some similarities, the complex was also similar to numerous other sporting facilities, and the concept of a sports park was too generic for any one group to claim ownership. The two men, represented in part by noted attorney Johnnie Cochran, sued Disney in Orange County civil court. In August 2000, a jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs with damages in the amount of $240 million, a fraction of the $1.5 billion sought.[8] Disney appealed the judgment, and settled out of court in September 2002 for undisclosed terms.[9]
With Planet Hollywood just out of bankruptcy, Disney offered to purchase its All Star Café located here in February 2000.[10]
In August 2004, 20 acres of additional fields, four baseball diamonds with other multi-use fields, were added under the name of Hess Sports Fields.[11] Plans for a 100 lane bowling stadium with restaurant was announced for the complex by Disney officials in May 2008. This stadium would be built and operated by a third party and was suppose to completed in 18 months. About 13 United States Bowling Congress tournaments were expected for facility.[12]
ESPN branded[edit]
During the ESPN the Weekend event kick off,[13] the complex was officially rebranding as the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex on February 25, 2010 in a Hollywood-style “turf carpet” event. The complex received a massive upgrade including the installation of HD video scoreboards at several of the venues, a new complex-wide audio system and a broadcast production facility. Additional places at the complex included The Playstation Pavillion and Custom Tee Center by Champion.[14]
In 2007, Disney announced the 450-acre Flamingo Crossings hotel-and-retail development which would be located near the sports complex for the complex visitors and budget minded Disney World visitors. Shelved due to the economic downturn, the project was revived with the 2013 sale of property from Disney subsidiary Flamingo Crossings LLC to first phase developer JL Properties Inc. of Alaska. An October 16, 2014 groundbreaking took place for the first phase consisting of two Marriott International brand hotels which opened in January 2016.[15][16]
In 2008 and 2009, the Disney Channel Games were held at the complex.[17] May 9-11, 2014, a WNBA pre-season tournament was held, along side a AAU girls basketball tournament, at the complex consisting of four teams with Minnesota Lynx winning the tournament over the Chicago Sky 76-69.[18] While the Citrus Bowl was under repairs, Orlando City Soccer Club play its 2014 season home games here.[19]
In early January 2018, The Arena opened at the complex as its third indoor multi-purpose sports and entertainment arena.[20] Also that month, United States Specialty Sports Association left for the Space Coast Complex in Viera, Florida ending its use of ESPN's complex.[21]
Venues[edit]
Champion Stadium[edit]
Main article: Champion Stadium
A 7,500 seat baseball stadium built in 1997 also has 2,000 more lawn seating. One of the original components of Wide World of Sports, it was formerly known as Cracker Jack Stadium and The Ballpark at Disney's Wide World of Sports. It is the spring training home of the Atlanta Braves and the recurring home for the Gulf Coast Braves. The stadium has hosted two regular season Major League Baseball series in 2007 and 2008 featuring the Tampa Bay Rays as the home team. It is sponsored by Hanes with their Champion brand.
HP Field House[edit]
A 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena, formerly the Milk House[22] and Disney Fieldhouse,[6] sponsored by HP Inc.. It hosts the AdvoCare Invitational college basketball tournament annually. The HP Field House has 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2)[22] with stadium style seating with the highest row 35 feet (11 m) off the floor. It also features a smaller gymnasium behind the main arena with retractable seating. It was formerly sponsored by the California Milk Processor Board, progenitors of the famous Got Milk? campaign.[citation needed]
Visa Center[edit]
Main article: Jostens Center
First announced in March 2007, the complex's 10th anniversary year, the J Center (formerly Jostens Center) is a 70,000-square-foot (6,500 m2) arena (36% smaller than the HP Field House without the stadium seating) that opened in the fall of 2008. The center features six college-size basketball courts, twelve volleyball courts,[23] or two roller hockey rinks. Its seating capacity is 1,200.
Marathon Sports Fields[edit]
Marathon Sports Fields, presented by Marathon Corporation, consists of twelve fields, the Baseball Quadraplex, Softball Quadraplex and four multiple purpose fields.
One of the fields has 500 permanent seats, and another has 1,000 permanent seats, expandable to up to 3,000 with additional grandstands. Field 17, the field with the larger grandstands, hosts the Walt Disney World Pro Soccer Classic, an annual eight-team preseason soccer tournament featuring Major League Soccer teams.
The complex hosted the USL Pro Orlando City Soccer Club during the 2014 season. The team had additional seating added for a total of 5,200 seats.[19]
Baseball Quadraplex[edit]
Consisting of four professional baseball fields and one practice infield, the quadrapelex also includes batting tunnels, pitching mounds, hitting tunnels, masters pitching machines, and ten bullpens. All fields are equipped for night play.
Softball Quadraplex[edit]
The first venue to be completed at the facility, it consists of six fields used for softball and youth baseball. Organized with four fields in circle and two adjacent.
Tennis Complex[edit]
A 1,000 to 8,500 seat tennis complex with 10-clay courts with center court stadium and was one of the original nine venues.[22]
Cross Country Course[edit]
Consists of multi-purpose fields, the Track and Field Complex, and a 0.7-mile (1.1 km) wooded trail.
Track and Field Complex[edit]
A 500-seat competition facility for track and field events, designed to International Association of Athletics Federations specifications. This venue was one of the original nine venues.[22]
nine lane track
three shot put rings
two discus/hammer rings
a javelin runway
two high jump areas
two horizontal jump runways
two pole vault runways
The Arena[edit]
The Arena opened in early January 2018 as the third indoor multi-purpose sports and entertainment arena at the complex. While multipurpose, the venue was designed for cheer and dance events. Its first event was the UCA and UDA College Cheerleading and Dance Team National Championship, January 12 to the 14, 2018.[20]
seats: 8000[20]
flexible configuration:
six plus regulation-sized basketball courts
six plus regulation-sized volleyball courts[20]
Programs and events[edit]
Disney created 1/3 of its events while bidding for other tournaments or attracting long term partners such as the Amateur Athletic Union. As of 2006, the union hosted at the complex 30 to 35 tournaments a year. The United States Specialty Sports Association had reserved six weekends at the complex.[1]
Disney Spring Training (1997—[24]) takes place from mid-February to mid-April in which high school and college teams practices during their spring break at the facility. Until 2005, the program accommodated teams in track and field, lacrosse and softball.[11]
Disney Soccer Showcase (2000-) a top youth soccer tournament[1]
Sunshine Showdown, women's baseball tournament[1]
Prior tenants[edit]
Orlando City Soccer Club (2014)[19]

References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Powers, Scott (October 30, 2006). "Not just another Cinderella story". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. pp. 1–2. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dame, Mike (2002-09-18). "Sports Complex overview". Daily Press. Tribune Publishing. Go2Orlando. Archived from the original on June 17, 2011. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ Jump up to: a b Kornacki, Steve (March 23, 1997). "Now Disney Has Its Own Wide World Of Sports". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Carroll, Frank (January 17, 1997). "Braves To Toss 1st Pitch At Disney". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Solano, Javier (March 27, 1998). "Directing Sports Of Disney". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Collings, Buddy (June 19, 1999). "Disney Lands Fhsaa Volleyball Title Games". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lee, Andy (June 7, 1997). "Unusual Sport Springs Into Town". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Disney must pay $240 million in sports park lawsuit". Los Angeles Times. 2000-08-12. Archived from the original on December 3, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
Jump up ^ "Disney Settles Suit Over Sports Complex". LA Times. 2002-09-26. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
Jump up ^ Byrd, Alan (February 11, 2000). "Planet, Disney in spinoff talks". Orlando Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on February 14, 2000. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Badger, Emily (March 4, 2004). "Disney To Add New Venue At Its Wide World Of Sports". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pino, Mark (June 10, 2008). "Disney bowls a strike: 100-lane stadium planned". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ESPN The Weekend to be held at Hollywood Studios and newly renamed sports complex". Attractions Magazine. Dream Together Media. February 20, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Photos/Videos: Sports stars help relaunch the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex". Attractions Magazine. February 28, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pedicini, Sandra (October 2, 2014). "Flamingo Crossings at Disney will focus heavily on sports market". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "After years of delays Disney's Flamingo Crossings might finally get its village center". Orlando Weekly. Euclid Media Group. October 3, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ford, Kristin. "Find the Disney Channel stars at WDW". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ DelGallo, Alicia (May 11, 2014). "Minnesota Lynx win preseason tournament in Orlando". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Orlando City soccer to play 2014 season at Disney". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. November 5, 2013. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lee, Banks (January 12, 2018). "The Arena officially opens at ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex". Attractions Magazine. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Weissberg, Brad (November 29, 2017). "TicketForce Wins USSSA Contract". VenuesNow. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Carter, David M. (2010). Money Games Profiting from the Convergence of Sports and Entertainment. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804776790. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sports Complex Scedule (sic)". Orlando Sentinel. TribunePublishing. April 6, 1997. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
hideEvents and tenants
Preceded by
Citrus Bowl Home of Orlando City Soccer Club
2014 Succeeded by
Citrus Bowl
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Black Lightning
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the comic book character. For other uses, see Black Lightning (disambiguation).
Black Lightning
Art by Kevin Nowlan (May 1988)
Publication information
Publisher
DC Comics
First appearance
Black Lightning #1 (April 1977)
Created by
Tony Isabella (writer)
Trevor Von Eeden (artist)
In-story information
Alter ego
Jefferson Pierce
Species
Metahuman
Team affiliations
Outsiders
Justice League
Abilities
Electric generation and manipulation
Electric transportation
Energy absorption
Force field generation
Expert martial artist
Olympic-level athlete
Peak physical conditioning
Black Lightning is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Tony Isabella with artist Trevor Von Eeden,[1] first appearing in Black Lightning #1 (April 1977) during the Bronze Age of Comic Books. While his origin story has been retconned several times, his current origin story states that he was born in the DC Universe a metahuman with superhuman abilities. Black Lightning is DC Comics' second African American superhero and the first black DC Comics hero to lead his own TV series played by Cress Williams.
Born Jefferson Pierce, Black Lightning is originally depicted as a schoolteacher from the crime-ridden Suicide Slum area of Metropolis who acquires electrical superpowers from a technologically advanced power belt that he puts to use to clean up crime in his neighborhood. Over time, Pierce establishes himself as a successful superhero in the DC Universe, and later stories depict him as having "internalized" the belt's powers as a result of his latent metagene. Later retellings of Black Lightning's origins simplify his story by depicting him as metahuman with the inborn ability to manipulate and generate electricity.
Tony Isabella, an experienced writer having done work for the Luke Cage character at Marvel Comics, was signed on to develop DC's first starring black character. He pitched the idea for Black Lightning and it was developed though only 11 issues were published in the first series due to the 1978 DC Implosion. However, the character continued to make appearances in other titles over the years, including a Justice League of America storyline in which Pierce is offered but turns down a position with the group. Elements of Black Lightning were controversial when the character first debuted. In the character's early days, Black Lightning was depicted wearing a combined afro wig/mask and affecting an exaggerated Harlem jive vernacular as part of his efforts to conceal his identity as highly educated school professional Jefferson Pierce. Black Lightning later becomes one of the founding members of the Batman-helmed Outsiders superhero team.
In the 2000s, DC Comics introduced Black Lightning's daughters, who inherited metahuman abilities from their father. His eldest daughter Anissa, known as Thunder, can alter her density, rendering her almost indestructible, and create shockwaves by stomping the ground. Pierce's younger child Jennifer, also a superhero known as Lightning, has powers almost identical to her father though she is still inexperienced and not in full control of them.
Along with his presence in comics, Black Lightning has made various appearances in DC-related animated television series, video games and comic strips. The character is being portrayed in live action for the first time by Cress Williams for the self-titled television series, a production of The CW network. In 2011, he was ranked 85th overall on IGN's "Top 100 Comic Books Heroes" list.
Contents
[hide]
1 Publication history
2 Fictional character biography
2.1 Year One
2.2 Outsiders
2.3 Secretary of Education
2.4 Infinite Crisis
2.5 Outsiders redux
2.6 Justice League of America
2.7 Outsiders
2.8 The New 52
2.9 Black Lightning: Cold Dead Hands
3 Powers and abilities
4 Supporting characters
4.1 Family
4.2 Antagonists
5 Other versions
6 In other media
6.1 Television
6.2 Film
6.3 Video games
6.4 Comic strip
6.5 Homages/parodies
7 Reception
8 References
9 External links
Publication history[edit]
Black Lightning, cover detail, Justice League of America #12. Art by Alex Ross.
The original candidate for DC Comics' first headlining black superhero was a character called the Black Bomber, a white racist who would turn into a black superhero under stress.[2] Comics historian Don Markstein later described the character as "an insult to practically everybody with any point of view at all".[3] When the editor who had approved the Black Bomber left the company before the character had seen print, Tony Isabella (whose previous writing experience included Luke Cage, a black Marvel Comics superhero with his own title) was asked to salvage the character. Isabella convinced editors to instead use his Black Lightning character, which he had been developing for some time.[4]
Isabella wrote the first 10 issues of Black Lightning before handing it over to Dennis O'Neil. Only one issue scripted by O'Neil came out before the series was canceled in 1978 as part of a general large-scale pruning of the company's superhero titles known as the DC Implosion. Issue #12 was published in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade and World's Finest Comics #260.
Black Lightning made a number of guest appearances in various titles over the next few years, including a string of issues of World's Finest Comics written by O'Neil, then shifted to Detective Comics and a two-part story in Justice League of America in which he declined an offer of membership. In 1983, with his powers restored, he regularly appeared again as a member of Batman's spinoff superhero team, the Outsiders. When The Outsiders ended, he returned to making occasional guest appearances.
In 1995, a new Black Lightning series began, with art by Eddy Newell and again written by Tony Isabella,[5] who was fired after the eighth issue and replaced with Australian writer Dave de Vries. The series was canceled five issues after Isabella left the title, the decision having been made before these issues had seen print. Isabella said he believes the editor replaced him with a newer writer to consolidate his position in the company.[6]
A "Black Lightning: Year One" six-issue limited series, written by Jen Van Meter and illustrated by Cully Hamner[7] saw a bi-weekly release in 2009, and was nominated for two Glyph Awards[8] in 2010.
As part of the New 52, a revamped version of Black Lightning appeared in DC Universe Presents that was paired with the Blue Devil.[9]
Fictional character biography[edit]
Year One[edit]
A gold medal-winning Olympic decathlete, Jefferson Pierce, returned to his old neighborhood in the Southside (Suicide Slum) section of the city of Metropolis, with his wife Lynn Stewart and his daughter Anissa to become the principal of Garfield High School. Southside, as it was once known, was where his father - renowned journalist Alvin Pierce - had been murdered. Guilt over this event was a factor in his decision to leave the city of Metropolis. Suicide Slum was being torn apart by a local organized criminal gang called the 100, shady corporations, and crooked local politicians like Tobias Whale. A family friend and tailor, Peter Gambi, had taught a much younger Jefferson how to suppress his inborn metahuman abilities so that he would not accidentally hurt any of the people he cared about.[10] Upon his return, Gambi suggested to Jefferson that he should use his powers to help the neighborhood, and refers him to a plaque with the paraphrased Milo Sweetman quote "Justice, like lightning, should ever appear to some men hope, to other men fear." (the original text of which was "Justice, like lightning, ever should appear to few men's ruin, but to all men's fear. Of mortal justice if thou scorn the rod, believe and tremble, thou art judged of God.") Appalled by the public murder of Earl Clifford, one of his more promising students, Pierce tried to intervene on behalf of the schoolchildren, but quickly learned that the 100 objected violently to any interference.Pierce adopts the costumed identity "Black Lightning" where he had the costume, mask, and wig made by his tailor Peter Gambi.[11][12]
Years later, he would tell fellow African American superhero Mister Terrific that he chose the name Black Lightning because he "was the only one of us around" at the time, and he "wanted to make sure everyone knew who they were dealing with."[13]
Outsiders[edit]
Main article: Outsiders (comics)
After his own series was cancelled, Black Lightning lost his electrical powers, but continued fighting without them. The loss eventually turned out to be psychosomatic, a symptom of a crisis of confidence resulting from the accidental death of a female bystander named Trina Shelton during an altercation between Black Lightning and some gun-wielding thugs. Batman, wanting to recruit him to rescue Lucius Fox in Markovia, helped him regain his powers; this eventually led him to join the Batman's Outsiders.[11] During his time with the Outsiders, a group of villains called the Masters of Disaster captured Black Lightning at the behest of the parents of Trina Shelton to avenge the death of their daughter;[14] however, upon learning that he still regretted what happened and was willing to be executed by them, they risked their lives to save him. During the Invasion! crossover, the Dominators detonated a Gene-Bomb that wreaked havoc with anyone possessing the metagene by making them lose control of their powers.[15] After the breakup of the Outsiders, Black Lightning moved to Brick City to continue his solo career in 1995's Black Lightning #1.[16]
Secretary of Education[edit]
When Lex Luthor was elected President of the United States in 2000, he appointed Jefferson Pierce as Secretary of Education, Pierce accepting as he concluded that he could do more good working within the system than outside it.[11] He resigned amidst controversy over his "worst-kept secret in Washington" identity as Black Lightning, and his alleged inadvertent killing of a criminally-minded corporate CEO, for which President Pete Ross (who had since succeeded Luthor) then pardoned him.
Making frequent guest appearances in several DC series, Pierce has appeared in Green Arrow (who had a one-night stand with his niece, a successful attorney named Joanna Pierce). Pierce helped Green Arrow track down Dr. Light in the Green Arrow "Heading into the Light" story arc. He also appeared in the new Outsiders, of which his daughter, Anissa (using the alias Thunder), is a member. He came to fight the new Sabbac and help his daughter alongside Captain Marvel Jr. and the Outsiders. He had on an outfit that mixed his second outfit with the colors of the first. After teaming up with the Outsiders, incoming President Pete Ross asked him to resign as Secretary of Education and he did.
At some point prior to his resignation, Pierce used his pull in Washington to deny the powerful metahuman gangster known as Holocaust a permit to build a Casino on Paris Island in Dakota. This would come back to haunt Pierce sometime later when the enraged Holocaust attacked him while he was giving the graduation speech at Ernest Hemingway High School.[17]
Infinite Crisis[edit]
Main article: Infinite Crisis
In issue #5 of the Infinite Crisis storyline, it was shown that Black Lightning was one of the eight people Batman had considered to aid him in destroying the Brother Eye satellite, which controlled the OMACs. Booster Gold, who was not on the list of eight, but knew about the candidates from his knowledge of the future, contacted Lightning before Batman did, as historical data from the future had shown who had aided Batman. Lightning accepted, arriving at the Bat cave to await orders. He then forged an uneasy yet effective alliance with Mister Terrific, combining their powers of electrical manipulation and invisibility technology to strike the villainous AI from the inside.
After the third Society of Super Villains was formed, Black Lightning (as a member of Brad Meltzer's new Justice League) began using his status as Lex Luthor's former Secretary of Education to gain information from super villains.[18]
Outsiders redux[edit]
In Outsiders (vol. 3) #45, it was revealed that three years have passed since Jefferson's niece Joanna Pierce was murdered, and that upon initially learning of her death, Jefferson went after the corrupt businessman Martin Somers, the man who was responsible. He had intended to wound Somers with his lightning shot, but apparently ended up killing him. Jefferson turned himself in to the authorities. However, it is revealed that Deathstroke was responsible for Somers' death by firing a dart of toxin to Somers moments before Jefferson shot his lightning. Hence, he was dead before he hit the ground. Jason Todd discovered the truth while eavesdropping on the assassin's conversation with Lex Luthor (who was really Alexander Luthor, Jr. in disguise) and contacted Nightwing with this information. When Nightwing and Anissa told Jefferson of this in prison, he disbelieved it and intended to pay for Somers' death. Anissa herself intended to break her father out of Iron Heights Prison. Upon learning from Todd that other inmates were about to carry out a contract hit on Pierce (whose identity as an inmate had leaked to unknown parties), the Outsiders resolved to assist her. They freed him from jail and, with the audio recording of Deathstroke's conversation, cleared his name.
Justice League of America[edit]
Years ago, Green Arrow brought Black Lightning to the attention of the Justice League of America, who extended an offer of membership to the protector of Suicide Slum. He turned down the offer, preferring to work as a loner and focus on street-level crime, though he did offer to become a reservist.[19] Years later, when all of the JLA reservists were called in to fight a newly revived Amazo, Black Lighting was one of the heroes called, confirming that the League had accepted his offer. Most recently, however, Black Lightning has joined the JLA, once again appearing with a modified costume.[11] He appears to be primarily based in Washington, D.C. again. Black Lightning assists the JLA with intelligence gathered from the criminal community. Many super villains still believe he is 'in' with Lex Luthor and are willing to cooperate. Jefferson also helps the team in a battle against Amazo. He was the first member of the League to respond to the recent attacks made by the Amazons of Themyscira, and he also saved the President of the United States in this event.
Black Lightning was the focus of the one-shot Final Crisis: Submit, in which he helped the new Tattooed Man and his family escape at the cost of his own freedom. He is subsequently shown in issue 4 of Final Crisis under Darkseid's thrall.
Outsiders[edit]
Recently, Black Lightning was recruited by Alfred Pennyworth to join a new version of the Outsiders following an attack by Doctor Hurt which left Thunder comatose. Unlike previous iterations of the team, these Outsiders must live "off the grid" and stay out of contact with friends and family for months at a time. It is confirmed that, due to this new commitment, Black Lightning has left the Justice League.[20]
The New 52[edit]
In DC's 2011 reboot of its continuity, The New 52, Black Lightning comes into conflict with Blue Devil, over their confrontation of Tobias Whale's crime wave.[21] He later made an appearance as a possible recruit for the Justice League.[22]
Black Lightning: Cold Dead Hands[edit]
Tony Isabella, the creator of Black Lightning, rebooted the character in a new six part series that began in November, 2017. The series, which takes place in Cleveland, "forgets" much of the previous history of the character. Tony Isabella says that this will not be an "origin" story, but one may follow.[citation needed]
Powers and abilities[edit]
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Lots of mischief and flippant phrasing in here. Please help improve this article if you can. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Originally,[23] he was described as having no innate powers, using a belt that allowed him to generate a force field and project electrical bolts. This power was later revealed to exist as a result of the Metagene, according to Invasion! #3.[24]
Black Lightning is able to shoot extremely powerful lightning bolts, strong enough to kill a man if he wanted to, but he usually uses the lightning to scare his enemies. When he does fire his lightning at people, he tries to stun if he can. In a pinch, he can also ionize the atmosphere, creating localized lightning storms which strikes hundreds of times per minute. He can also create quick charges of electricity in his fists to give his punches more of a shock.
Besides being able to control electricity, Black Lightning can turn into electricity himself. In his electrical form, Black Lightning is almost invulnerable. He can’t be hit with physical objects, can’t be poisoned or infected with any diseases, and he doesn’t need air, food or water to survive. He can go through conditions that would normally kill him, and even into space, as electricity, and survive. He can shoot himself across vast distances in electrical form, but also travel the same way regular electricity can; by jumping into electrical cables or wires, Black Lightning can move through the power system as fast as a spark can. In this form, Black Lightning can pass through walls or solid objects, and can move extremely fast. With his power over electricity, he can also make magnetic fields, allowing him to move and control objects.
Black Lightning also has a mystical ability to throw a different type of lightning that is colored black; it is fueled by his rage, and he grows stronger as he gets angrier.
With his electrical power, he can create huge walls or bubbles of energy, which can take punishment in his place. These force fields can be used to block incoming fists, bullets, and other physical attacks, including cars that try to run him over. The fields block energy blasts from weapons or other metahumans, and they can even block explosions, keeping him from being hit by grenades or bombs. He also has the ability to sense electrical fields around him, and can tell where electricity is coming from and how strong it is.
His powers allow him to absorb energy in order to make himself stronger. Black Lightning can then make himself stronger, faster, heal quicker and produce more lightning. Any source of electricity will do, but he has a fondness for absorbing lightning from thunderstorms. He can even drain power plants, which give him a huge boost, even if it does shut down power for the rest of the city sometimes. He can also use this power in an offensive way by draining energy from machines that might be attacking him.
Supporting characters[edit]
Family[edit]
Jefferson has had two daughters by his ex-wife Lynn Stewart, both of whom have followed in his footsteps and become superheroes. His oldest daughter, Anissa Pierce, has taken on the name "Thunder" and served on an incarnation of his team the Outsiders.[25] His sixteen-year-old, younger daughter Jennifer Pierce, was recently recruited by the Justice Society of America under the code name "Lightning".[26] A version of Lightning first appeared in Kingdom Come a 1996 miniseries published by DC Comics.
Pierce claims that people frequently ask him if he is the father of Static, much to his chagrin.[27] It is later revealed that Static is in fact a fan of Black Lightning and has a poster of the hero in his room in Titans Tower.[28] In Young Justice, after meeting and fighting alongside Static, Black Lightning offers to become Static's mentor.
Antagonists[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2013)
Black Lightning's rogues' gallery consists of:
100 - A criminal organization.
Tobias Whale - Black Lightning's archenemy, a crime lord who heads up the Metropolis branch of the 100.
Cyclotronic Man - A former jewel thief who became a metahuman with powers similar to Black Lightning after being exposed to radiation. Following an earlier fight with Batman, Cyclotronic Man works as an assassin for the 100.[29]
Joey Toledo - A drug pusher.[30]
Syonide - A whip-wielding mercenary who is an expert toxicologist.[31]
Ishmael - A shapeshifting servant of Tobias Whale who was sent to assassinate someone, but was defeated by Black Lightning.[32]
Painkiller - A supervillain who was sent to kill Black Lightning.[33]
Warhog - An assassin who was sent to kill Black Lightning.[34]
Other versions[edit]
Black Lightning has appeared in the Justice League Unlimited spin-off comic book. His appearances are in issues #15[35] and #27.[36]
During a Justice League mission, the Vixen encounters an alternate version of Black Lightning called the "Brown Bomber", a contemporary version of the original Black Bomber envisioned prior to Tony Isabella's involvement with the character.[37][38]
In the 1997 Tangent Comics series "Black Lightning" is the codename of Francis Powell a member of the Tangent World variation of the Metal Men as well as one of the key members of the government organisation Nightwing. He is in charge of a mission to apprehend the Lia Nelson version of The Flash with the help of "Dark Star" (Todd Rice).
Black Lightning appears in the Injustice: Gods Among Us comic as a member of Batman's Insurgency. He aids them for Year One but disappears from the team in following years. The Year Five annual reveals this is because he became disillusioned by the drastic measures the Insurgency took, as he felt it made them no better than the Regime. However, he joins the Regime so that he can help rebuild Metropolis. He is visited by Batman and is informed that the Insurgency's plans are not yet over.
A version of Black Lightning appears on Earth-23 in the New 52 as part of a predominately African American Justice League led by a Black Superman.
In other media[edit]
Television[edit]
Black Lightning appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Enter the Outsiders!", voiced by Bumper Robinson. He seems to be the lead of the trio composed of him, Katana, and Metamorpho. They work for a sewer dweller named Slug at first, but turn on him when Wildcat convinces them to fight for good. Black Lightning later uses his electricity to save Wildcat's life with instructions from Katana when the elder falls victim to a heart attack. Black Lightning and his comrades are later seen training with Batman in the teaser of "Duel of the Double Crossers!". Black Lightning's hatred for society is shown in "Inside the Outsiders!". Black Lightning had a fleeting cameo in "The Siege of Starro! Part One" (as one of the heroes under Starro's mind control) in which he blasted Firestorm with lightning and was shown to have a new costume. He reappeared in the teaser of "Requiem for a Scarlet Speedster!", in which he and the rest of the Outsiders (Katana, Metamorpho, Geo-Force, and Halo) help Batman stop Kobra and his cultists from completing a ritual. He and Geo-Force save Batman from being crushed by a snake. Though Batman compliments Black Lightning's ability to lead, the Outsiders forgot to take out the bridge behind them, resulting in reinforcements coming in.
Black Lightning appears in the "Thunder and Lightning" short of DC Nation Shorts, voiced by Blair Underwood.[39]
Black Lightning appears in Young Justice: Invasion, voiced by Khary Payton. In "Happy New Year", he is shown as a member of the Justice League five years later from Season One. In "Cornered", he attempts to remove the force-field that Despero has set in the Hall of Justice. He displays pitch-black electricity when using his powers. In "Endgame", Black Lightning and Static take down the Magnetic Field Disruptor in Dakota City. Afterwards, Black Lightning asks Static that if he needs a mentor, he should let him know.
Black Lightning, a TV series based on the character debuted on The CW on January 16, 2018. The series is written by the Mara Brock Akil and Salim Akil, who also executive produce along with Greg Berlanti and Sarah Schechter, for Akil Productions and Berlanti Productions, alongside Warner Bros. Television. Fox gave the series a "pilot production commitment" in September 2016.[40][41] In January 2017, Berlanti stated the series, if ordered, would not crossover with his other DC Comics television properties on The CW nor would it exist in their established universe.[42] The following month, Fox passed on the series after deciding it was "not a good fit into its already crowded genre drama space."[43] Shortly thereafter, it was picked up by The CW with a pilot order.[44] The pilot episode was directed by Salim Akil.[45] Cress Williams plays Black Lightning.[46] In May 2017, The CW officially ordered the project to series.[47] In this show, Black Lightning operates in Freeland while Jefferson Pierce is the principal of Garfield High School.
Film[edit]
LeVar Burton provides the voice of Black Lightning in his single speaking line in the animated movie Superman/Batman: Public Enemies. He is one of the heroes who agrees to work for Lex Luthor after the supposedly reformed villain is elected President.[48][49]
A version of Black Lightning known as Black Power appears as a member of the Crime Syndicate of America in the animated film Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths. The heroic Black Lightning also makes an appearance where his grunts are provided by Cedric Yarbrough who was uncredited for the role. He alongside Aquaman, Black Canary, Firestorm and Red Tornado, presumably appear as backup members of the Justice League where they help defend the Justice League Watchtower. Although their actual membership status is never explicitly stated,[50] Black Lightning, and the other backups, appear again after the final battle as Batman suggests initiating a membership drive.
Video games[edit]
Bumper Robinson reprises his voice role of Black Lightning in Batman: The Brave and the Bold.
Alexander Brandon voices Black Lightning in DC Universe Online.
Black Lightning appears as a playable fighter in Injustice 2, voiced by Ogie Banks. He is the Premier Skin for Mortal Kombat character Raiden.
Comic strip[edit]
Black Lightning's earliest appearances outside of his own title in 1977 were in The World's Greatest Superheroes newspaper comic strip. There, he met Batman and other heroes before his rejection of Justice League of America membership.
Homages/parodies[edit]
The superhero Black Vulcan on Super Friends was supposed to be Black Lightning, but he could not be used due to disputes between DC and Black Lightning's creator Tony Isabella. Black Vulcan has the same powers as Black Lightning and wears a similar outfit too, albeit with a helmet more like the Flash's.
Sinbad appeared on Saturday Night Live dressed as Black Lightning, crashing Superman's funeral in an episode airing during the publication of The Death of Superman storyline. In the sketch, the other characters do not recognize him, even though he claimed to have taught Superman how to fly. As the superheroes leave to confront the Legion of Doom he is spotted at the buffet table grabbing the shrimp that Aquaman had brought to the funeral.
Black Lightning appears in an episode of Mad, voiced by Gary Anthony Williams. In the "That's What Super Friends Are For" segment, he and Plastic Man lead the other heroes in a musical number where they ask Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman about why their group is called the "Super Friends".
Reception[edit]
IGN listed Black Lightning as the 85th greatest comic book hero of all time, describing him as a "true hero and a born badass who has earned his spot on the Justice League".[51]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "DC, Tony Isabella Reach Agreement on Black Lightning". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved January 19, 2018. Note that the official credit reads Isabella "WITH" Von Eeden and not "AND".
Jump up ^ The Hembeck Files
Jump up ^ Markstein, Donald D. "Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Black Lightning". www.toonopedia.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Isabella, Tony (30 August 2007). "TONY'S ONLINE TIPS for Thursday, August 30, 2007". Worldfamouscomics.com. How did you come up with the character of Black Lightning? What was he intended to be? Describe the character as you created him." "That's a long story, which has been told many times. The short version is that I'd been working toward creating a new black super-hero who would be an iconic role model. The other characters I'd written along the way were stepping stones to Black Lightning. I created Jefferson Pierce to be a reluctant warrior, a man of many extraordinary talents who would hear the call of his community and respond to it, even at great cost to his personal happiness. When DC Comics planned to publish a black hero who was actually a white racist, I talked them into dumping that character and going with my creation instead.
Jump up ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Dolan, p. 269: "Writer Tony Isabella returned to his prized character, Black Lightning, in an ongoing series with artist Eddy Newell."
Jump up ^ "Tony Isabella's post". Newsarama. Archived from the original on March 25, 2007. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ DC Nation: #31 DC Comics website, October 18, 2006 Archived March 25, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Newsarama Archived 2010-02-21 at the Wayback Machine. February 17, 2010
Jump up ^ Campbell, Josie. "EXCLUSIVE: ANDREYKO SEES BLACK & BLUE IN "DC UNIVERSE PRESENTS"". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning: Year One #1 (March 2009)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Beatty, Scott (2008). "Black Lightning". In Dougall, Alastair. The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Tate McRae . p. 51. ISBN 0-7566-4119-5.
Jump up ^ As seen in Black Lightning: Year One #1 (March 2009)
Jump up ^ Infinite Crisis #6 (May 2006)
Jump up ^ Adventures of the Outsiders #34 June 1986
Jump up ^ Invasion! #1 (January 1989)
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #1 (February 1995)
Jump up ^ Brave and the Bold (vol. 3) #24
Jump up ^ Justice League of America vol 2 #2 (November 2006)
Jump up ^ Justice League of America #173-174 (December 1979 – January 1980)
Jump up ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #31
Jump up ^ DC Universe Presents #13. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Justice League #17. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #1 (April 1977)
Jump up ^ Invasion! #3 (March 1989)
Jump up ^ As seen in Outsiders vol. 3 #1 (August 2003)
Jump up ^ As seen in Justice Society of America #12 (March 2008)
Jump up ^ Justice League of America vol. 2 #27
Jump up ^ Teen Titans (vol 3) #83
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #4. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #1. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #3. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #7. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #2. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ Black Lightning #12. DC Comics.
Jump up ^ "GCD :: Issue :: Justice League Unlimited #15". www.comics.org. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "GCD :: Issue :: Justice League Unlimited #27". www.comics.org. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #26 (December 2008)
Jump up ^ "What's Happenin' Baby? Meet the Brown Bomber!". www.againwiththecomics.blogspot.com. 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
Jump up ^ "First Look: Supergirl, Wonder Girl and Batgirl From DC Nation Shorts". 21 February 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 1, 2016). "'Black Lightning' DC Superhero Series In Works From Greg Berlanti, Mara Brock Akil & Salim Akil". Deadline. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Perry, Specer (September 8, 2016). "FOX Picks Up DC's Black Lightning TV Series". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gerding, Stephen (January 9, 2017). "FOX'S BLACK LIGHTNING SHOW WON'T CROSS OVER WITH THE ARROWVERSE". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Black Lightning' Drama Eyes Move To the CW To Join Greg Berlanti Comic Lineup". Deadline. 3 February 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 3, 2017). "'Black Lightning' DC Drama From Greg Berlanti & 'The Game' Duo Gets The CW Pilot Order". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pilot Season 2017 Yields Only One Female Drama Director As Diversity Slips Further". Deadline. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Black Lightning: Cress Williams to Star in The CW's Latest DC Comics Pilot". tvline. 24 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (May 10, 2017). "Black Lightning ordered to series at CW". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "LeVar Burton Takes On Black Lightning For 'Superman/Batman: Public Enemies'". MTV. August 21, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ "OAFE - DC Universe Classics: "Public Enemies" Black Lightning review". www.oafe.net. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "STAR WARS: THE LAST JEDI - First Trailer Released". Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Black Lightning is number 85". IGN. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
External links[edit]
Black Lightning at Cosmic Teams
Black Lightning at the DCU Guide
Black Lightning at the Comic Book DB
Fanzing: Black Lightning history
Black Lightning Index
Fanzing: Diversity In The DC Universe: 1961 - Today
Database and Cover gallery for both Black Lightning series
Tony Isabella at World Famous Comics
The Outer Observatory A fansite for The Outsiders
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Division Series
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Part of a series on the
Major League Baseball postseason
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The Division Series (also known as the League Division Series) is the quarterfinal round of the Major League Baseball playoffs. As with any quarterfinal in a best of tournament, a total of four series are played in this round, two each for both the American League and the National League.
Contents
1 1981 season
2 1993–1994: Proposal, realignment, and cancellation of 1994 postseason
3 1995–1997: Pre-arranged seeding
4 1998–2011
5 2012–present
6 Criticism of scheduling
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
1981 season[edit]
The first use of the term "Division Series" dates from 1981, when due to a mid-season players' strike, that season was divided into two halves, with the winners of each half from each division playing one another in a best-of-five series to decide which team would represent that division in the League Championship Series (this format being common in minor-league baseball). But because the two halves of the season were independent of one another, the winner of the first half had no real incentive to try to win the second half as well (since, unlike in the minor leagues, if the same team did win both halves it was not given a bye into the next round), and a team that won neither half could have actually had the best overall record in the division; indeed, the latter actually occurred, as the Cincinnati Reds and the St. Louis Cardinals had the two best won-lost records (in both halves of the season combined) in the National League (and at the time were in separate divisions, the Reds in the West and the Cardinals in the East), with the Reds having the best overall winning percentage in all of Major League Baseball, yet neither advanced to the playoffs because they finished second in their divisions in each half. Until 2012, when the rules changed, this was the only Division Series which actually consisted of teams from the same division playing each other. This particular Division Series was meant as a one-off series due to the strike.
1993–1994: Proposal, realignment, and cancellation of 1994 postseason[edit]
In 1993, the owners approved to institute the Division Series, this time on a permanent basis[1], given the fact that three of the four series went to a game 5.[2] Originally the format called for the top team in the AL East to play the 2nd place team on the AL West and vice versa. In 1994, both the National League and the American League realigned, with the number of divisions in both increasing from two to three (with fewer teams in each). At the same time, the number of teams qualifying for baseball's postseason was doubled, from four to eight; henceforth the three first-place teams from each league's divisions would reach the postseason, along with one wild card team from each league (the latter being the second-place finisher with the best regular-season record). However, this expanded playoff format would not return until the following year, because a players' strike, which began on August 12, 1994, led to the cancellation of that season's playoffs and World Series (and caused the 1995 regular season to have 18 fewer games for each team than normal).
1995–1997: Pre-arranged seeding[edit]
Throughout its existence, the Division Series has been best-of-five; however, both the method of awarding home-field advantage in the series and which games the team getting the advantage would host were changed in 1998.
Originally, the Eastern, Central and Western Division champions rotated home-site priority, with the two of them getting the extra home game and the third one and the wild card not. The 2–3 format was used in which the team with the disadvantage hosted the first two games and the team with the advantage hosting the remaining game(s). This made it impossible for the disadvantaged team to clinch the series at home. A similar format had also been used for the League Championship Series from 1969-1984. It also allowed the disadvantaged teams the unusual luxury of starting a series at home, possibly having home field advantage in a three-game series, and a guarantee that they play the maximum number of games possible at home (2).
This format was changed in 1998 to a 2-2-1 format. Also changed in 1998 was who played who in the division series rather than a rotation deciding. This was needed because there was a 39.5% chance each year that at least one of the leagues would have their top two division champions meet in the Division Series, allowing the worst division champion to have the "advantage" of playing the wild card.
1998–2011[edit]
The two division champions with the best regular-season records have been accorded with the home field advantage. Also, the format changed to a 2-2-1 layout with the team having home-field advantage hosting the first, second and (if necessary) fifth games; with this newer format, the lower seeded team now gets two chances out of three to win the series on its home field although the higher seeded team hosts three out of five games overall. In both the AL and the NL the three division champions are automatically given the top three seeds, seeded 1-3 based on record, and the wildcard is given the 4th seed regardless of record. In both the AL and the NL, the 1 seed played the 4 seed and the 2 seed played the 3 seed, unless the 1 and 4 seed are in the same division. Because teams from the same division cannot play each other in the first round, if the normal matchups would cause this, then the 1 seed played the 3 seed, and the 2 seed played the 4 seed. In all cases the 1 and 2 seed have home field advantage. From 2007–2011, the 1 seed of the league that wins the All-Star game is given another advantage, being allowed to choose their schedule for the series. They can either choose to have an extra day off (usually between games 1 and 2) during the division series and start a day early, or start a day late, with one less off day (only having travel days off, between games 2 and 3, and if necessary 4 and 5). The American League's best record received this option from 2007–2009 and the National League's best record received it in 2010.[3]
2012–present[edit]
A revised playoff system was utilized beginning with the 2012 season, which added a second wild card team for each league. The two wild card teams in each league play a one game playoff to advance. The winner of this game automatically faces the number 1 seed in the league in the Division Series, regardless of whether or not they are in the same division. Due to scheduling conflicts, the 2012 Division Series featured the lower seed hosting the first two games, with the higher seed hosting the next three games. For 2013 and beyond, the Division Series uses the 2-2-1 format previously used.[4]
Criticism of scheduling[edit]
There has been some criticism on how Major League Baseball schedules Division Series games. Teams with large national fan followings like the New York Yankees are almost always scheduled to play in prime time at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT to generate the highest TV ratings. As a result, West Coast teams generally have to play on the road in the afternoon, when many of their fans are unable to watch the game because they are at work or school.[5][6] Conversely, when games on the West Coast are played at 10 p.m. ET/7 p.m. PT, many fans on the East Coast are unable to watch a game in its entirety, due to work or school the next day and games ending around 1 a.m. ET/10 p.m. PT, while most West Coast fans are able to watch the entire game as it will not end as late on the West Coast.
However, during the inaugural and 1995 seasons, the Division and League Championship Series was aired by the league's television operation, The Baseball Network, a syndication package between ABC and NBC. In order to increase viewership, all games were played in primetime at consistent times, and each affiliate of the network carrying the series could only air one of the games each night, determined by the station's area. While this prevented the issue of afternoon games (and did, as planned, increase viewership), the plan drew ire from critics for not allowing viewers to choose the games they want to watch during the post-season.[7][8]
See also[edit]
Baseball portal
MLB division winners
American League Division Series
National League Division Series
MLB postseason
Major League Baseball wild-card game
League Championship Series
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Division_Series
Jump up ^ Owner Approve to Expand Playoffs to 8 teams The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Jump up ^ 2010 MLB Postseason Schedule MLB.com
Jump up ^ Bloom, Barry M. (March 2, 2012). "Addition of Wild Card berths finalized for 2012". MLB.com.
Jump up ^ Street, Jim (2006-10-04). "Mailbag: Was Penny the right choice?". MLB.com. Retrieved 2006-10-07. External link in |publisher= (help)
Jump up ^ Kroner, Steve (2005-10-14). "Blame it on TV — but not always Baseball, too, wants top draw for prime time". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
Jump up ^ "TV'S COVERAGE OF PLAYOFFS A 'WHO'S ON?' ROUTINE". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 1 October 1995. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Hooper, Ernest (29 September 1994). "Baseball strikes out - again Series: TV / RADIO; FANFARE". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
External links[edit]
Top 7 :: Division Series Moments
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1980s
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