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Indian Police Service
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This article is about the civil service, the Indian Police Service. For the police in India, see Law enforcement in India.
Service Overview
Abbreviation
IPS
Date of Establishment
1905 (As Imperial Police)
1948 (as IPS)[1]
Country
India
Staff College
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad, Telangana
Cadre Controlling Authority
Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
Minister Responsible
Rajnath Singh, Minister responsible for Ministry of Home Affairs
Legal personality
Governmental: Government service
Duties
Law Enforcement
Crime Investigation
Security Intelligence (Internal & External)
Public Order
Cadre Strength
3894 members (2016)[2]
Selection
Civil Services Examination
Association
IPS (Central) Association
Head of the Civil Services
Current Cabinet Secretary
Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS
The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing.[3] It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain.
Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is one of the three All India Services — its cadre can be employed by both the Union Government and the individual States.
The service is not a force itself but provides leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces. Its members are the senior officers of the police.[4] The Bureau of Police Research and Development is responsible for research and development of the police force in India.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 British India
1.2 Modern India
1.2.1 Medals and decorations
2 Objective
3 Selection
3.1 Training
3.2 State Cadres
3.2.1 Cadre Allocation Policy
3.2.2 Old Cadre Allocation Policies
4 Career Progression
4.1 Pay structure of Indian Police Service
4.2 Ranks and insignia
4.2.1 Ranks of IPS officers
5 Reforms and Major concerns
5.1 Corruption and fake encounters
5.2 National Police Commission (1977-81)
5.3 Ribeiro Committee (1998-99)
5.4 Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000)
5.5 Malimath Committee Report (2003)
5.6 Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)
5.7 Supreme Court intervention (2006)
5.8 Follow-up from Supreme Court
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
“ There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have a united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has sense of security that you will standby your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, but a picture of chaos all over the country. ”
— Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Constituent Assembly discussing the role of All India Services.[5][6][7]
British India[edit]
Jamadar, Constable and Sergeant - NCO positions opened to Indians until 1920.
Indian Police Medal issued in 1940.
In 1861, the British Government introduced the Indian Councils Act of 1861.[8] The act created the foundation of a modern and professionalised police bureaucracy in India. It introduced, a new cadre of police, called Superior Police Services, later known as the Indian Imperial Police.[8] The highest rank in the service was the Inspector General[8] for each province. The rank of Inspector General was equated and ranked with Brigadier,[9] and similar ranks in the Indian Armed Forces, as per Central Warrant of Precedence in 1937.[a][9]
In 1902-03, a Police Commission was established for the Police reforms under Sir Andrew Frazer and Lord Curzon.[10] It recommended the appointment of Indians at officer level in the police. Indians could rise only to the ranks of Inspector of Police, the senior N.C.O. position. However they were not part of Indian Imperial Police.[10]
From 1920, Indian Imperial Police was open to Indians and the entrance examination for the service was conducted both in India and England.[10]
Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admission to the service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the Indian (Imperial) Police. It is not possible to pinpoint an exact date on which the Indian Police came formally into being. Around 1907, the Secretary of State's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of State through examination. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point.[1] In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was replaced by IPS.
Modern India[edit]
The modern Indian Administrative Service was created under the Article 312(2) in part XIV of the Constitution of India.[11]
In 1972, Kiran Bedi joined the IPS, becoming the first woman police officer.[12]
As per media reports, there is massive shortfall of IPS officers in India, amounting to nearly 19% to 22% of sanctioned strength.[13][14]
Medals and decorations[edit]
Main articles: Police Medal (India) and President's Police Medal
Historically, few officers have been awarded United Nations Medal and have participated in Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions.
Objective[edit]
The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined the police as a governmental department to maintain order, enforce the law, and to prevent and detect crime. The Indian Police Service is not a force itself but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces. Its members are the senior officers of the police. With the passage of time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined, the current rules and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:[15]
To fulfil duties based on border responsibilities, in the areas of maintenance of public peace and order, crime prevention, investigation, and detection, collection of intelligence, VIP security, counter-terrorism, border policing, railway policing, tackling smuggling, drug trafficking, economic offences, corruption in public life, disaster management, enforcement of socio-economic legislation, bio-diversity and protection of environmental laws etc.
Leading and commanding the Indian Intelligence Agencies like Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Criminal Investigation Department (CID) etc., Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Civil and Armed Police Forces in all the states and union territories.
Leading and commanding the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) which include the Central Police Organisations (CPO) such as Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), National Security Guard (NSG), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Vigilance Organisations and Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies.
To interact and coordinate closely with the members of other All India Services and with the Indian Revenue Service and also with the Indian Armed Forces primarily with the Indian Army.
To lead and command the force with courage, uprightness, dedication and a strong sense of service to the people.
Endeavor to inculcate in the police forces under their command such values and norms as would help them serve the people better.
Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing social and economic milieu, respect for human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and justice and high standard of professionalism.
Selection[edit]
IPS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination. They are also promoted from State Police Services and DANIPS. However, at present, recruitment from Limited Competitive Examination has been put on hold.[13]
Training[edit]
The training of IPS officer recruits is conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad. The authorised cadre strength of Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts).[16] The Civil List of IPS officers is an updated (annual) list maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India. This Civil List can be accessed from the MHA website. It allows searching for an IPS officer on the basis of his name, Batch or Cadre.[17]
State Cadres[edit]
Cadre Allocation Policy[edit]
The Union Government announced a new cadre allocation policy for the All India Services in August 2017, touting it as a policy to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy as officers and ensure All-India character of the services. Under the new policy, the existing 26 cadres have been divided into five zones in the new policy by the Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]
Under the new policy, a candidate has to first give his/her choice in the descending order of preference from amongst the various Zones.[24] Subsequently, the candidate has to indicate one preference of cadre from each preferred zone.[24] The candidate indicates his second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The process continues till a preference for all the cadres is indicated by the candidate.[24] The preference for the zones/cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted.[24]
Officers continue to work in the cadre they are allotted or are deputed to the Government of India.[25]
Zones under the new Cadre Allocation Policy
Zone
States
Zone-I AGMUT (Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram and Union Territories), Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana.
Zone-II Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha.
Zone-III Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Zone-IV West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura and Nagaland.
Zone-V Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Old Cadre Allocation Policies[edit]
Till 2008 there was no system of preference of state cadre by the candidates; the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetic order of the roster, beginning with the letters A, H, M, T for that particular year. For example, if in a particular year the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IPS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order.[26] The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (if it has started from Haryana on the previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system, in vogue since the mid-1980s, had ensured that officers from different states are placed all over India.
The system of permanent State cadres has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers, when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward states.[26] Changes of state cadre is permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Service officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officer may go to their home state cadre on deputation for a limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her.[27]
From 2008 to 2017 IPS officers were allotted to State cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam–Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh–Goa–Mizoram–Union Territories (AGMUT).[27] The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted in their home states) is maintained as 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits as 'insiders' from the same state.[28] The rest were posted as outsiders according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states,[28] as per their preference.
Career Progression[edit]
Pay structure of Indian Police Service[edit]
Pay structure of Indian Police Service[4][29][30][hide]
Insignia
Grade/Level on Pay Matrix[29][30]
Position in the State Government(s)[4]
Other Positions or Designation in the State Government(s) or Government of India (GOI)[4][31]
Position in Indian Order of Precedence
Base Salary (monthly)[29][30]
Apex Scale[32] (Pay level 17) Director General of Police (Head of Police Force) Director of Intelligence Bureau (IB), Special Director in IB, Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA), Commissioner of Police of Delhi, Director General of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). 25 ₹2,25,000
HAG+ Scale (Pay level 16) Director General of Police Special Director General in CAPFs, Special Director in IB, Special Director in CBI, Director of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA), Director General of Bureau of Police Research and Development. 25 ₹2,05,400
HAG scale[33] (Pay level 15) Additional Director General of Police Director of National Crime Records Bureau, Special Commissioner of Police in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Additional Director General in NIA, Additional Director in IB, Additional Director in CBI, Additional Director General in CAPFs. 25 ₹2,00,000
(Above Super Time Scale) Senior Administrative Grade (Pay Level 14) Inspector General of Police Joint Commissioner of Police in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Inspector General in CAPFs, Inspector General in NIA, Joint Director in IB, Joint Director in CBI, Joint Director in SVPNPA. 26 ₹1,75,000
Super Time Scale (DIG/Conservator Grade) (Pay level 13A) Deputy Inspector General of Police Additional Commissioner of Police in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Deputy Inspector General in CAPFs, Deputy Inspector General in NIA, Deputy Director in IB, Deputy Inspector General in CBI, Deputy Director in SVPNPA. ₹1,50,000
Selection Grade (Pay level 13) Superintendent of Police (selection grade) Deputy Commissioner of Police in Delhi. ₹1,18,500
Junior Administrative Grade (Pay level 12) Superintendent of Police Deputy Commissioner of Police in Delhi. ₹78,800
Senior Time Scale (Pay Level 11) Additional Superintendent of Police Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police in Delhi. ₹67,700
Junior Time Scale (Pay Level 10) Assistant Superintendent of Police Assistant Commissioner of Police in Delhi. ₹56,100
Ranks and insignia[edit]
Main article: List of police ranks in India
Though the standard uniform colour is Khaki.[34] The ranks, posts and designations of IPS officers vary from state to state as law and order is a state matter. But generally the following pattern is observed.
Ranks of IPS officers[edit]
[35][36][37][38]
Indian Police Service Officer Rank Insignia [39][40][41]
Insignia
Rank Director of Intelligence Bureau (GOI)¹ Director General of Police² Additional Director General of Police² Inspector General of Police Deputy Inspector General of Police Superintendent of Police (Selection Grade) Superintendent of Police Additional Superintendent of Police Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 2 years of service) Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 1 year of service)
Abbreviation DIB DGP ADGP IGP DIG SP SP Addl. SP ASP ASP
¹ Although DIB is a 4 star post and not a rank, it's given to the senior most IPS officer in Intelligence Bureau.
² Rank insignia of DGP is similar to Additional DGP.
Note: Commissioner of Police is a post is held by different rank officers in different places. For example, it is held by DG rank officer only in Delhi and Mumbai; by Additional DG rank officer in Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Guwahati etc; by IG rank officer in Gurgaon, Ludhiana, Mysore etc; by DIG rank officer in Trivandrum, Kochi etc.
Flags (left) & Stars (right) on official cars of senior IPS officers, as per their rank.
Reforms and Major concerns[edit]
India's police continue to be governed by an colonial police law passed in 1861. The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore the state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.
Repeated major incidents, (latest of them being 2012 Delhi gang rape) revealed failure of police to uphold the rule of law.[42][43]
The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police system coupled with systematic accountability.[44][45]
Corruption and fake encounters[edit]
Recently, several IPS officers were arrested and jailed[46][47] in graft and corruption cases[48][49][50] In recent years, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has dismissed few IPS officers for non performance.[51]
Some IPS officers have been convicted of fake encounters.[52][53]
National Police Commission (1977-81)[edit]
National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Indian government to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981.[54]
Ribeiro Committee (1998-99)[edit]
See also: J. F. Ribeiro
In 1996, two former senior police officers filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court, asking for the Court to direct governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a committee to review the Commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The Committee, under the leadership of J. F. Ribeiro, a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports.[54][55]
Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000)[edit]
In 2000, the government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union Home Secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah. This Committee released its report in the same year.[54][56]
Malimath Committee Report (2003)[edit]
See also: V. S. Malimath
The Malimath Committee Report submitted in March, 2003 has very articulately laid down the foundation of a restructured and reoriented police system.[57] The Committee in its report observed that the success of the whole process of Criminal Justice Administration depended completely on the proper functioning of the police organisation especially in the investigation stage. Apart from the investigation of offences, the police also have the duty of maintaining law and order.
Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)[edit]
See also: Soli Sorabjee
In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police Act for India. It was headed by Soli Sorabjee (former Attorney General). The committee submitted a Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006.[54]
Supreme Court intervention (2006)[edit]
In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former Directors General of Police of the states of Assam and Uttar Pradesh and subsequently Director General of the Border Security Force) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006, a bench of Justice Y.K. Sabharwal, Justice C.K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan[58] ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force.[59]
Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India:
A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than every two years.
The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone, nor can they choose the Director General of the State Police.
There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and patrolling.,[60] which will include the creation of:
A State Security Commission, for policies and direction
A Police Establishment Board, which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of police officers and other staff
A Police Complaints Authority, to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.
Follow-up from Supreme Court[edit]
In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments,[61] the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why the reform measures outlined were not implemented.[62] After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court, the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum.[63]
Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and Justices Surinder Singh Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been implemented by many state governments.[64]
See also[edit]
India portal
Indian State Police Services
Law enforcement in India
Encounter killings by police
Civil Services of India
All India Service
Special Duty Allowance (SDA)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Data History of Indian Police Service (Official Raj Govt. Page)". Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Authorised Cadre Strength of the Indian Police Service (as on 01.01.2016)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Alexander, K. (2006). Police Reforms in India: An Analytical Study. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing Group. ISBN 9788183561280.
Jump up ^ "Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Services under the Union and the States - Article 312(2)" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Duties and Responsibilities of Indian Police Service officers". UPSCguide.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
Jump up ^ http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/ips_cadre_stren.pdf
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Cadre Allocation Policy for the All India Services-IAS/IPS/IFoS — Reg" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. September 5, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b Ganihar, N.; Belagali, Dr. H. V. (2009). Indian Administration (Vol. 2) (Educational Philosophy of Dr. Zakir Hussain). Global Vision Publishing House. p. 325. ISBN 9788182202412. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b c "The Indian Police Service (Pay) Rules, 2016" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. September 23, 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India" (PDF). Seventh Central Pay Commission, Government of India. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
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Notes
Jump up ^ The rank of IGP is ranked and equated with the rank of Brigadier / equivalent rank of the Indian Armed Forced as per Warrant of Precedence – 1937, as per Ministry of Home Affairs' directions contained in Letter No 12/11/99-Pub II dated 26 Dec 1966. This Warrant of Precedence is compiled from a joint consideration of the existing Central Warrant of Precedence (which is till the rank of Major General) and Warrant of Precedence – 1937, as per Ministry of Home Affairs' directions contained in Letter No 12/11/99-Pub II dated 26 Dec 1966, the validity of which has been confirmed by Letter No 12/1/2007-Public dated 14 Aug 2007. The MHA has confirmed in 2007 that the Old Warrant of Precedence shall be taken as a guide to determine ranks below the ones mentioned in the current WoP.
Further reading[edit]
History of services of Indian police service, as on 1 July 1966, by Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Published by Govt. of India, 1969.
The peace keepers: Indian Police Service (IPS), by S. R. Arun, IPS, DGP Uttar Pradesh. Published by Berghahn Books, 2000. ISBN 978-81-7049-107-1.
The Indian Police Journal (IPJ), by Bureau of Police Research and Development, Ministry of Home Affairs. Published by Govt. of India, October–December 2009 Vol.LVI-No.4. ISSN 0537-2429.
History of services of Indian police service, as on 1 July 1966, by Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Published by Govt. of India, 1969.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian Police Service.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
"Shortage of IPS officers". Press Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016.
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List of Prime Ministers of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Narendra Modi is the current (14th) Prime Minister of India, since 26 May 2014.
The Prime Minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India. In India's parliamentary system, the Constitution names the President as head of state de jure, but his or her de facto executive powers are vested in the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers. Appointed and sworn-in by the President, the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party or alliance that has a majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's Parliament.
Since 1947, India has had fourteen Prime Ministers, fifteen including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role. The first was Jawaharlal Nehru of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn-in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British. Serving until his death in May 1964, Nehru remains India's longest-serving prime minister. He was succeeded by fellow Congressman Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose 19-month term also ended in death. Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, succeeded Shastri in 1966 to become the country's first woman premier. Eleven years later, she was voted out of power in favour of the Janata Party, whose leader Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress prime minister. After he resigned in 1979, his former deputy Charan Singh briefly held office until Indira Gandhi was voted back six months later. Indira Gandhi's second stint as Prime Minister ended five years later on the morning of 31 October 1984, when she was gunned down by her own bodyguards. That evening, her son Rajiv Gandhi was sworn-in as India's youngest premier, and the third from his family. Thus far, members of Nehru–Gandhi dynasty have been Prime Minister for a total of 37 years and 303 days.[1]
Rajiv's five-year term ended with his former cabinet colleague, V. P. Singh of the Janata Dal, forming the year-long National Front coalition government in 1989. A six-month interlude under Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar followed, after which the Congress party returned to power, forming the government under P. V. Narasimha Rao in June 1991. Rao's five-year term was succeeded by four short-lived governments—the Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee for 13 days in 1996, a year each under United Front prime ministers H. D. Deve Gowda and I. K. Gujral, and Vajpayee again for 19 months in 1998–99. After Vajpayee was sworn-in for the third time, in 1999, he managed to lead his National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government to a full five-year term, the first non-Congressman to do so. Vajpayee was succeeded by Congressman Manmohan Singh, the first Sikh premier, whose United Progressive Alliance government was in office for 10 years between 2004 and 2014.
The incumbent Prime Minister of India is Narendra Modi who has headed the BJP-led NDA government since 26 May 2014 which is India's first non-Congress single party majority government.[2]
Prime Ministers of India (by state of birth)
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 Prime Ministers of India
3 See also
4 References
Key[edit]
Colour key for party of the prime ministers
Bharatiya Janata Party
Indian National Congress
designated Indian National Congress (I) 1977–1996[3]
Janata Dal
Janata Party
Janata Party (Secular)
Samajwadi Janata Party
Other key
№: Incumbent number
† Assassinated or died in office
§ Returned to office after a previous term
RES Resigned
NC Resigned following a no-confidence motion
Prime Ministers of India[edit]
№
Name
(birth–death); constituency
Portrait
Prior Office
Party
(Alliance)
Elected constituency
Term of office[4]
Elections
(Lok Sabha)
Ministry
Appointed by
1
Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889–1964) Indian freedom fighter Indian National Congress Phulpur, Uttar Pradesh 15 August
1947 27 May
1964[†] 7003613000000000000♠16 years, 286 days — Nehru I Lord Mountbatten
1952 (1st) Nehru II Rajendra Prasad
1957 (2nd) Nehru III
1962 (3rd) Nehru IV
–
Gulzarilal Nanda (acting)
(1898–1998) Union Minister of Labour and Employment Indian National Congress Sabarkantha, Gujarat 27 May
1964 9 June
1964 13 days (3rd) (acting) Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
2
Lal Bahadur Shastri
(1904–1966) Minister of Home Affairs Indian National Congress Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 9 June
1964 11 January
1966[†] 7002581000000000000♠1 year, 216 days (3rd) Shastri
–
Gulzarilal Nanda (acting)
(1898–1998) Minister of Home Affairs Indian National Congress Sabarkantha, Gujarat 11 January
1966 24 January
1966 13 days (3rd) (acting)
3
Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984) Minister of Information and Broadcasting Indian National Congress Rajya Sabha MP for Uttar Pradesh 24 January
1966 24 March
1977 7003407700000000000♠11 years, 59 days (3rd) I. Gandhi I
Prime Minister
(Re-elected)
Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh 1967 (4th)
Prime Minister
(Re-elected)
1971 (5th) I. Gandhi II V. V. Giri
4
Morarji Desai
(1896–1995) Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of India before he resigned in 1969 Janata Party Surat, Gujarat 24 March
1977 28 July
1979[RES] 7002856000000000000♠2 years, 126 days 1977 (6th) Desai B. D. Jatti
(acting President)
5
Charan Singh
(1902–1987) Minister of Finance Janata Party (Secular)
with INC Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 28 July
1979 14 January
1980[RES] 170 days – (6th) C. Singh Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
(3)
Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984) Former Prime Minister Indian National Congress (I) Medak, Andhra Pradesh 14 January
1980[§] 31 October
1984[†] 7003175200000000000♠4 years, 291 days 1980 (7th) I. Gandhi III
6
Rajiv Gandhi
(1944–1991) MP for Amethi Indian National Congress (I) Amethi, Uttar Pradesh 31 October
1984 2 December
1989 7003185800000000000♠5 years, 32 days (7th) R. Gandhi Zail Singh
Former Prime Minister
(Re-elected)
1984 (8th)
7
V. P. Singh
(1931–2008) Minister of Defence Janata Dal
(National Front) Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh 2 December
1989 10 November
1990[NC] 343 days 1989 (9th) V. P. Singh R. Venkataraman
8
Chandra Shekhar
(1927–2007) MP for Ballia Samajwadi Janata Party
with INC Ballia, Uttar Pradesh 10 November
1990 21 June
1991 223 days (9th) Chandra Shekhar
9
P. V. Narasimha Rao
(1921–2004) Minister of External Affairs Indian National Congress (I) Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh 21 June
1991 16 May
1996 7003179100000000000♠4 years, 330 days 1991 (10th) Rao
10
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(born 1924) Minister of External Affairs Bharatiya Janata Party Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 16 May
1996 1 June
1996[RES] 16 days 1996 (11th) Vajpayee I Shankar Dayal Sharma
11
H. D. Deve Gowda
(born 1933) Chief Minister of Karnataka Janata Dal
(United Front) Rajya Sabha MP for Karnataka 1 June
1996 21 April
1997[RES] 324 days (11th) Deve Gowda
12
Inder Kumar Gujral
(1919–2012) Minister of External Affairs Janata Dal
(United Front) Rajya Sabha MP for Bihar 21 April
1997 19 March
1998 332 days (11th) Gujral
(10)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(born 1924) Former Prime Minister Bharatiya Janata Party
(NDA) Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 19 March
1998[§] 22 May
2004 7003225600000000000♠6 years, 64 days 1998 (12th) Vajpayee II K. R. Narayanan
Former Prime Minister
(Re-elected)
1999 (13th) Vajpayee III
13
Manmohan Singh
(born 1932) Minister of Finance Indian National Congress
(UPA) Rajya Sabha MP for Assam 22 May
2004 26 May
2014 7003365600000000000♠10 years, 4 days 2004 (14th) M. Singh I A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Former Prime Minister
(Re-elected)
2009 (15th) M. Singh II Pratibha Patil
14
Narendra Modi
(born 1950) Chief Minister of Gujarat Bharatiya Janata Party
(NDA) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 26 May
2014[5] Incumbent 7003121600000000000♠3 years, 120 days 2014 (16th) Modi Pranab Mukherjee
See also[edit]
Government of India portal
India portal
Prime Minister's Office
List of Prime Ministers of India by longevity
List of Presidents of India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "In India, next generation of Gandhi dynasty". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
Jump up ^ Diplomat, Ankit Panda, The. "BJP, Modi Win Landslide Victory in Indian Elections". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
Jump up ^ "Indian National Congress". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Former Prime Ministers". PM India. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Narendra Modi appointed Prime Minister, swearing in on May 26". The Times of India. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
[show]
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Prime Minister of India
Jawaharlal Nehru
Gulzarilal Nanda (acting)
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Gulzarilal Nanda (acting)
Indira Gandhi
Morarji Desai
Charan Singh
Rajiv Gandhi
V. P. Singh
Chandra Shekhar
P. V. Narasimha Rao
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
H. D. Deve Gowda
I. K. Gujral
Manmohan Singh
Narendra Modi
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List of largest financial services companies by revenue
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The following is a list of the world's largest publicly traded financial services companies, ordered by annual sales for the latest Fiscal Year that ended March 31, 2017 or prior (in billions of U.S. dollars. Currently all public companies with sales of $25 billion or more are included. Privately held companies are not included.
Rank
Company
Industry
Revenue
Headquarters
1
Berkshire Hathaway Conglomerate 210.8 United States
2
AXA Insurance 147.5 France
3
Allianz Insurance 140.3 Germany
4
ICBC Banking 134.8 China
5
Fannie Mae Investment Services 131.9 United States
6
BNP Paribas Banking 126.2 France
7
Generali Group Insurance 116.7 Italy
8
China Construction Bank Banking 113.1 China
9
Banco Santander Banking 108.8 Spain
10
JP Morgan Chase Banking 108.2 United States
11
Société Générale Banking 107.8 France
12
HSBC Banking 104.9 United Kingdom
13
Agricultural Bank of China Banking 103.0 China
14
Bank of America Banking 100.1 United States
15
Bank of China Banking 98.1 China
16
Wells Fargo Banking 91.2 United States
17
Citigroup Banking 90.7 United States
18
Prudential Insurance 90.2 United Kingdom
19
Munich Re Insurance 88.0 Germany
20
Prudential Financial Insurance 84.8 United States
21
Freddie Mac Investment Services 80.6 United States
22
Banco Bradesco Banking 78.3 Brazil
23
Lloyds Banking Group Banking 75.6 United Kingdom
24
Itaú Unibanco Holding Banking 70.5 Brazil
25
Zurich Insurance Group Insurance 70.4 Switzerland
26
Aviva Insurance 69.0 United Kingdom
27
Banco do Brasil Banking 69.0 Brazil
28
MetLife Insurance 68.2 United States
29
American International Group Insurance 65.7 United States
30
China Life Insurance Insurance 63.2 China
31
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Banking 59.0 Japan
32
Legal & General Group Insurance 56.9 United Kingdom
33
Dai-ichi Life Insurance 56.5 Japan
34
Barclays Banking 55.7 United Kingdom
35
Aegon Insurance 55.2 Netherlands
36
Deutsche Bank Banking 55.0 Germany
37
UniCredit Banking 54.2 Italy
38
CNP Assurances Insurance 53.2 France
39
BBVA Banking 52.1 Spain
40
Crédit Agricole Banking 51.2 France
41
Ping An Insurance Group Insurance 51.1 China
42
National Australia Bank Banking 49.2 Australia
43
State Bank of India Banking 47.9 India
44
Intesa Sanpaolo Banking 47.7 Italy
45
UBS Investment Services 47.7 Switzerland
46
Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Banking 47.3 Japan
47
Westpac Banking Group Banking 43.9 Australia
48
Bank of Communications Banking 43.5 China
49
Credit Suisse Group Investment Services 42.5 Switzerland
50
MS&AD Insurance Group Insurance 42.2 Japan
51
Royal Bank of Scotland Banking 42.1 United Kingdom
52
Goldman Sachs Investment Services 41.7 United States
53
People's Insurance Company Insurance 41.3 China
54
Tokio Marine Holdings Insurance 39.4 Japan
55
Royal Bank of Canada Banking 38.3 Canada
56
ANZ Banking 37.5 Australia
57
Manulife Financial Insurance 37.3 Canada
58
Sberbank Banking 36.1 Russia
59
Commonwealth Bank Banking 47.8 Australia
60
Talanx Insurance 34.9 Germany
61
Power Corporation of Canada Insurance 34.2 Canada
62
Swiss Re Insurance 33.6 Switzerland
63
American Express Financial Services 33.4 United States
64
Allstate Insurance 33.3 United States
65
Mizuho Financial Group Banking 32.8 Japan
66
Old Mutual Investment Services 32.2 United Kingdom
67
Morgan Stanley Investment Services 32.0 United States
68
Standard Life Insurance 31.2 United Kingdom
69
Sompo Holdings Insurance 30.9 Japan
70
TD Bank Group Banking 30.6 Canada
71
China Merchants Bank Banking 28.4 China
72
China Minsheng Banking Banking 27.9 China
73
Bank of Nova Scotia Banking 27.6 Canada
74
Onex Investment Services 27.4 Canada
75
China Pacific Insurance Insurance 27.3 China
76
Mapfre Insurance 27.1 Spain
77
Standard Chartered Banking 26.9 United Kingdom
78
Dexia Banking 26.6 Belgium
79
Hartford Financial Services Insurance 26.4 United States
80
Travelers Cos Insurance 25.7 United States
81
Aflac Insurance 25.4 United States
82
Shanghai Pudong Development Banking 25.4 China
83
Standard Life Aberdeen Insurance 25.3 United Kingdom
See also[edit]
List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue
List of largest oil and gas companies by revenue
List of largest employers in the United States
List of largest companies by revenue
List of public corporations by market capitalization
List of companies by profit and loss
Forbes Global 2000
List of wealthiest organizations
References[edit]
forbes.com - Global 2000
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Distribution of wealth
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Geography and wealth
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Paper wealth
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_financial_services_companies_by_revenue&oldid=854204382"
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