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Japanese honorifics
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This article is about titles and honorifics in Japan. For more on the implementation of honorifics in the Japanese language, see Honorific speech in Japanese.
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The Japanese language uses a broad array of honorific suffixes for addressing or referring to people. These honorifics attach to the end of people's names, as in Lucy-san where the honorific -san is attached to the name Lucy. These honorifics are often gender-neutral. Some imply a more endearing context (such as -chan) while others imply a more revering one (such as -sama).
These are often used along with other forms of Japanese honorific speech, keigo, such as that used in conjugating verbs.
Contents
[hide]
1 Usage
2 Translation
3 Common honorifics
3.1 San
3.2 Sama
3.3 Kun
3.4 Chan
3.4.1 Tan
3.4.2 Bō
3.5 Senpai and kōhai
3.6 Sensei and hakase
3.7 Shi
4 Other titles
4.1 Occupation-related titles
4.2 For criminals and the accused
4.3 For companies
4.4 Dono/tono
4.5 No kimi
4.6 Ue
4.7 Royal and official titles
4.8 Martial arts titles
4.8.1 Shōgō
4.8.2 Other martial arts titles
4.9 Other titles
5 Euphonic suffixes and wordplay
5.1 Baby talk variations
6 Familial honorifics
7 See also
7.1 Other languages
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Usage[edit]
Although honorifics are not part of the basic grammar of the Japanese language, they are a fundamental part of the sociolinguistics of Japanese, and proper use is essential to proficient and appropriate speech. Referring to oneself using an honorific, or dropping an honorific when it is required, is a serious faux pas, in either case coming across as clumsy or arrogant.[citation needed]
They can be applied to either the first or last name depending on which is given. In situations where both the first and last names are spoken, the suffix is attached to whichever comes last in the word order.
An honorific is generally used when referring to the person one is talking to (one's interlocutor), or when referring to an unrelated third party in speech. It is dropped, however, by some superiors, when referring to one's in-group, or in formal writing, and is never used to refer to oneself, except for dramatic effect, or some exceptional cases.
Dropping the honorific suffix when referring to one's interlocutor, which is known as to yobisute (呼び捨て), implies a high degree of intimacy and is generally reserved for one's spouse, younger family members, social inferiors (as in a teacher addressing students in traditional arts), and very close friends. Within sports teams or among classmates, where the interlocutors approximately have the same age or seniority, it can be acceptable to use family names without honorifics. Some people of the younger generation, roughly born since 1970, prefer to be referred to without an honorific. However, dropping honorifics is a sign of informality even with casual acquaintances.
When referring to a third person, honorifics are used except when referring to one's family members while talking to a non-family member, or when referring to a member of one's company while talking to a customer or someone from another company—this is the uchi-soto (in-out) distinction. Honorifics are not used to refer to oneself, except when trying to be arrogant (ore-sama), to be cute (-chan), or sometimes when talking to young children to teach them how to address the speaker.
Use of honorifics is correlated with other forms of honorific speech in Japanese, such as use of the polite form (-masu, desu) versus the plain form—using the plain form with a polite honorific (-san, -sama) can be jarring, for instance.
While these honorifics are solely used on proper nouns, these suffixes can turn common nouns into proper nouns when attached to the end of them. This can be seen on words such as 猫ちゃん ("neko-chan") which turns the common noun neko (cat) into a proper noun which would refer solely to that particular cat, while adding the honorific -chan can also mean cute or small.
Translation[edit]
When translating honorific suffixes into English, separate pronouns or adjectives must be used in order to convey characteristics to the person they are referencing as well. While some honorifics such as "-san" are very frequently used due to their gender neutrality and very simple definition of polite unfamiliarity, other honorifics such as "-chan" or "-kun" are more specific as to the context in which they must be used as well as the implications they give off when attached to a person's name. These implications can only be translated into English using either adjectives or adjective word phrases.
Common honorifics[edit]
San[edit]
Endō-san tanjōbi omedetō (Happy birthday, Mr. Endō)
San (さん) (sometimes pronounced han (はん) in Kansai dialect) is the most commonplace honorific and is a title of respect typically used between equals of any age. Although the closest analog in English are the honorifics "Mr.", "Miss", "Ms.", or "Mrs.", -san is almost universally added to a person's name; "-san" can be used in formal and informal contexts and for any gender. Because it is the most common honorific, it is also the most often used to convert common nouns into proper ones, as seen below.
San may be used in combination with workplace nouns, so a bookseller might be addressed or referred to as honya-san ("bookstore" + san) and a butcher as nikuya-san ("butcher's shop" + san).
San is sometimes used with company names. For example, the offices or shop of a company called Kojima Denki might be referred to as "Kojima Denki-san" by another nearby company. This may be seen on small maps often used in phone books and business cards in Japan, where the names of surrounding companies are written using san.
San can be attached to the names of animals or even inanimate objects. For example, a pet rabbit might be called usagi-san, and fish used for cooking can be referred to as sakana-san, but both would be considered childish (akin to "Mr. Fish" or "Mr. Fishy" to equivalate in English) and would be avoided in formal speech. Married people often refer to their spouse with san.
Due to -san being gender neutral and commonly used, it can be used to refer to people who are not close or whom one does not know. However, it may not be appropriate when using it on someone who is close or when it is clear that other honorifics should be used.
Online, Japanese gamers often append a numeral 3 to another player's name to denote san (e.g., Taro3 conveys Taro-san), since the number three is also pronounced san.
Sama[edit]
Okyaku-sama
Sama (様【さま】) is a more respectful version for people of a higher rank than oneself, toward one's guests or customers (such as a sports venue announcer addressing members of the audience), and sometimes toward people one greatly admires. It is seemingly said to be the origin word for "-san" but there is no major evidence otherwise. Deities such as the native Shinto kami and the Christian God, are referred to as kami-sama, meaning "Revered spirit-sama". When used to refer to oneself, sama expresses extreme arrogance (or self-effacing irony), as in praising one's self to be of a higher rank, as with ore-sama (俺様, "my esteemed self").
Sama customarily follows the addressee's name on postal packages and letters and in business email.
Sama also appears in such set phrases as omachidō sama ("thank you for waiting") or otsukare sama ("thank you for a good job").
With the exception of the Emperor of Japan, sama can be used to informally address the Empress and other members of the Imperial Family. The Emperor is, however, always addressed as Heika (Your Majesty). (See "Royal and official titles" below).
Kun[edit]
Kun
Kun (君【くん】) is generally used by people of senior status addressing or referring to those of junior status, by anyone addressing or it can be used when referring to men in general, male children or male teenagers, or among male friends. It can be used by males or females when addressing a male whom they are emotionally attached to or have known for a long time. Although it may seem rude in workplaces, the suffix is also used by juniors when referring to seniors in both academic situations and workplaces, more typically when the two people are associated.[citation needed]
Although kun is generally used for boys, it is not a hard rule. For example, kun can be used to name a close personal friend or family member of any gender. In business settings, young female employees are addressed as kun by older males of senior status. It can be used by male teachers addressing their female students.
'Kun' can mean different things depending on the gender. "Kun" for females is a more respectful name than calling them cute. Kun is not only used to address females formally; it can also be used for a very close friend or family member. Calling a female 'Kun' is not insulting, and can also mean that the person is respected, although that is not the normal implication. Sisters with the same name, such as 'Miku,' may be differentiated by calling one 'Miku~Chan' and the other 'Miku~San' or 'Sama,' and on some occasions 'Kun.' 'Chan' and 'Kun' sometimes mean similar things. General use of 'Kun' means "sweet and kind."
In the National Diet (Legislature), the Speaker of the House uses kun when addressing Diet members and ministers. An exception was when Takako Doi was the Speaker of the lower house, where she used the title san.
Chan[edit]
Chan
Tan
Chan (ちゃん) is a diminutive suffix; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing. It is seemingly said to have come from a "cute" pronouncing of -san (in Japanese, replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute), although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan. In general, chan is used for babies, young children, friends, grandparents and adolescents. It may also be used towards cute animals, lovers, close friends, any youthful woman, or between friends. Using chan with a superior's name is considered to be condescending and rude.
Although traditionally, honorifics are not applied to oneself, some people adopt the childish affectation of referring to themselves in the third person using chan (childish because it suggests that one has not learned to distinguish between names used for oneself and names used by others). For example, a young woman named Kanako might call herself Kanako-chan rather than using a first person pronoun. "Chan" is only used between people who have known each other for a long time or who are of the same gender. Otherwise, using this for someone, especially adults, only known for a short period of time, can be seen as offensive.
Tan[edit]
Tan (たん) is an even more cute[1] or affectionate variant of "chan". It evokes a small child's mispronunciation of that form of address, or baby talk – similar to how, for example, a speaker of English might use "widdle" instead of "little" when speaking to a baby. Moe anthropomorphisms are often labeled as "-tan", e.g., the commercial mascot Habanero-tan, the manga figure Afghanis-tan or the OS-tans representing operating systems.
Bō[edit]
Bō (坊【ぼう】) is another diminutive that expresses endearment. Like "chan", it is used for babies or young children, but is exclusively used for boys instead of girls.
Senpai and kōhai[edit]
Main article: Senpai and kōhai
Senpai (先輩【せんぱい】) is used to address or refer to one's elder colleagues in a school, dojo, or sports club. So at school, the students in higher grades than oneself are senpai. Teachers are not senpai, but rather they are "Sensei." Neither are students of the same or lower grade: they are referred to as kōhai. In a business environment, those with more experience are senpai.
Sensei and hakase[edit]
Sensei (先生【せんせい】) (literally meaning "former-born") is used to refer to or address teachers, doctors, politicians, lawyers, and other authority figures. It is used to show respect to someone who has achieved a certain level of mastery in an art form or some other skill, such as accomplished novelists, musicians, artists and martial artists. In Japanese martial arts, sensei typically refers to someone who is the head of a dojo. As with senpai, sensei can be used not only as a suffix, but also as a stand-alone title. The term is not generally used when addressing a person with very high academic expertise; the one used instead is hakase (博士【はかせ】) (lit. "Doctor" or "PhD").
Sensei can be used fawningly, and it can also be employed sarcastically to ridicule such fawning. The Japanese media invoke it (rendered in katakana, akin to scare quotes or italics in English) to highlight the megalomania of those who allow themselves to be sycophantically addressed with the term.[citation needed]
Shi[edit]
氏
Shi (氏【し】) is used in formal writing, and sometimes in very formal speech, for referring to a person who is unfamiliar to the speaker, typically a person known through publications whom the speaker has never actually met. For example, the shi title is common in the speech of newsreaders. It is preferred in legal documents, academic journals, and certain other formal written styles. Once a person's name has been used with shi, the person can be referred to with shi alone, without the name, as long as there is only one person being referred to.
Other titles[edit]
Occupation-related titles[edit]
Main article: Corporate title § Japan and South Korea
It is common to use a job title after someone's name, instead of using a general honorific. For example, an athlete (選手, senshu) named Ichiro might be referred to as "Ichiro-senshu" rather than "Ichiro-san", and a master carpenter (棟梁, tōryō) named Suzuki might be referred to as "Suzuki-tōryō" rather than "Suzuki-san".
In a business setting, it is common to refer to people using their rank, especially for positions of authority, such as department chief (部長, buchō) or company president (社長, shachō). Within one's own company or when speaking of another company, title + san is used, so a president is shachō-san. When speaking of one's own company to a customer or another company, the title is used by itself or attached to a name, so a department chief named Suzuki is referred to as Buchō or Suzuki-buchō.
However, when referring to oneself, the title is used indirectly, as using it directly is perceived as arrogant. Thus, a department chief named Suzuki will introduce themselves as 部長の鈴木 Buchō-no-Suzuki, rather than ×鈴木部長 *Suzuki-buchō.
For criminals and the accused[edit]
Convicted and suspected criminals were once referred to without any title, but now an effort is made to distinguish between suspects (容疑者, yōgisha), defendants (被告, hikoku), and convicts (受刑者, jukeisha), so as not to presume guilt before anything has been proven. These titles can be used by themselves or attached to names.
However, although "suspect" and "defendant" began as neutral descriptions, they have become derogatory over time. When actor and musician Gorō Inagaki was arrested for a traffic accident in 2001, some media referred him with the newly made title menbā (メンバー), originating from the English word member, to avoid use of yōgisha (容疑者, suspect).[citation needed] But in addition to being criticized as an unnatural term, this title also became derogatory almost instantly—an example of euphemism treadmill.
For companies[edit]
There are several different words for "our company" and "your company". "Our company" can be expressed with the humble heisha (弊社, "clumsy/poor company") or the neutral jisha (自社, "our own company"), and "your company" can be expressed with the honorific kisha (貴社, "noble company", used in writing) or onsha (御社, "honorable company", used in speech). Additionally, the neutral tōsha (当社, "this company") can refer to either the speaker's or the listener's company. All of these titles are used by themselves, not attached to names.
When mentioning a company's name, it is considered important to include its status depending on whether it is incorporated (株式会社, kabushikigaisha) or limited (有限会社, yūgen gaisha). These are often abbreviated as 株 and 有 respectively.
Dono/tono[edit]
Tono (殿【との】), pronounced dono (どの) when attached to a name, roughly means "lord" or "master". It does not equate noble status; rather it is a term akin to "milord" or French "monseigneur", and lies below sama in level of respect. This title is not commonly used in daily conversation, but it is still used in some types of written business correspondence, as well as on certificates and awards, and in written correspondence in tea ceremonies. It is/was also used to indicate that the person referred to has the same (high) rank as the referrer, yet commands respect from the speaker.
No kimi[edit]
No kimi (の君) is another suffix coming from Japanese history. It was used to denominate Lords and Ladies in the Court, especially during the Heian period. The most famous example is the Prince Hikaru Genji, protagonist of The Tale of Genji who was called "Hikaru no Kimi "(光の君). Nowadays, this suffix can be used as a metaphor for someone who behaves like a prince or princess from ancient times, but its use is very rare. Its main usage remains in historical dramas.
This suffix also appears when addressing lovers in letters from a man to a woman, as in, "Murasaki no kimi" or "My beloved Ms. Murasaki".
Ue[edit]
Ue (上) literally means "above", and denotes a high level of respect. While its use is no longer common, it is still seen in constructions like chichi-ue (父上), haha-ue (母上) and ane-ue (姉上), reverent terms for "father", "mother" and "sister" respectively. Receipts that do not require specification of the payer's name are often filled in with ue-sama.
Royal and official titles[edit]
Heika (陛下) is used for sovereign royalty, similar to "Majesty" in English. For example, Tennō Heika (天皇陛下) means "His Majesty the Emperor", which is used to address the Emperor of Japan, and Kōgō Heika (皇后陛下) means "Her Majesty the Empress", used to address the Empress. Kokuō Heika (国王陛下) means "His Majesty the King", and Joō Heika (女王陛下) means "Her Majesty the Queen". Heika by itself can be used as a direct term of address, equivalent to "Your Majesty".
Denka (殿下) is used for non-sovereign royalty, similar to "Highness". For example, Kako Naishinnō Denka (佳子内親王殿下, "Her Imperial Highness, Princess Kako of Akishino"), and Suwēden Ōkoku, Vikutoria Ōtaishi Denka (スウェーデン王国ヴィクトリア王太子殿下, "Her Royal Highness, Crown Princess Victoria of the Kingdom of Sweden"). Denka can be used by itself, equivalent to "Your Highness."
Hidenka (妃殿下) is used for addressing the consort of a prince, and is used the same way as the other royal titles.
Kakka (閣下) means "Excellency", and is used for heads of state (except those addressed by Heika or Denka), heads of government including the Prime Minister of Japan, cabinet ministers, ambassadors and other high-rank officials such as the Secretary-General of the United Nations, or for generals in an army. It can be used by itself or attached to a specific title like other royal titles.
Daitōryō (大統領) means "President", and is used for any national president, such as the President of the United States. It is most commonly attached to a name. For example, Toranpu-Daitōryō トランプ大統領 ("President Trump").
Martial arts titles[edit]
See also: Japanese martial arts
Martial artists often address their teachers as sensei. Junior and senior students are organized via a senpai/kōhai system. Also in some systems of karate, O-Sensei is the title of the (deceased) head of the style. This is how the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba is often referred to by practitioners of that art. The 'O' prefix itself, translating roughly as "great[er]" or "major," is also an honorific.
Various titles are also employed to refer to senior instructors. Which titles are used depends on the particular licensing organization.
Shōgō[edit]
Shōgō (称号, "title", "name", "degree") are martial arts titles developed by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai,[2] the Kokusai Budoin and the International Martial Arts Federation Europe. Many organizations in Japan award such titles upon a sincere study and dedication of Japanese martial arts. The below mentioned titles are awarded after observing a person's martial arts skills, his/her ability of teaching and understanding of martial arts and the most importantly as a role model and the perfection of one's character.
Renshi (錬士 : れんし): Polished Instructor. (Skilled person or expert teacher) Awarded to 4th Dan and above.
Kyōshi (教士 : きょうし) refers to an advanced teacher. (Senior Teacher/Expert). Awarded to 6th Dan and above.
Hanshi (範士 : はんし) refers to a senior expert considered a "teacher of teachers". This title is used by many different arts for the top few instructors of that style, and is sometimes translated "Grand Master". Awarded to 8th Dan and above.
Meijin (名人): awarded by a special board of examiners.
Other martial arts titles[edit]
Oyakata (親方 : おやかた), master, especially a sumo coach. The literal sense is of someone in loco parentis. Also used by the Yakuza. In ancient times, it was also used by samurai to address the Daimyō they serve, as he was Oyakata-sama, the clan's don.
Shihan (師範: しはん), merely means chief instructor; unlike the titles above it is not related to grade.
Shidōin (指導員:しどういん), intermediate instructor, also unrelated to grade.
Shishō (師匠: ししょう) is another title used for martial arts instructors.
Zeki (関: ぜき), literally "barrier", used for sumo wrestlers in the top two divisions (sekitori).
Levels of black belts sometimes used as martial arts titles
Shodan – 1st dan
Nidan – 2nd dan
Sandan – 3rd dan
Yodan – 4th dan
Godan – 5th dan
Rokudan – 6th dan
Shichidan – 7th dan
Hachidan – 8th dan
Kudan – 9th dan
Jūdan – 10th dan
Other titles[edit]
Shinpu (神父: しんぷ), Catholic priest (lit. Godfather). A Catholic priest
(shisai (司祭: しさい) (lit. minister of worship) receives this title.
Bokushi (牧師: ぼくし), Protestant priest. This title is given to a Protestant priest (shisai (司祭: しさい)
Euphonic suffixes and wordplay[edit]
In informal speech, some Japanese people may use contrived suffixes in place of normal honorifics. This is essentially a form of wordplay, with suffixes being chosen for their sound, or for friendly or scornful connotations. Although the range of such suffixes that might be coined is limitless, some have gained such widespread usage that the boundary between established honorifics and wordplay has become a little blurred. Examples of such suffixes include variations on chan (see below), bee (scornful), and rin (friendly).[3] Note that unlike a proper honorific, use of such suffixes is governed largely by how they sound in conjunction with a particular name, and on the effect the speaker is trying to achieve.
Baby talk variations[edit]
Some honorifics have baby talk versions—mispronunciations stereotypically associated with small children and cuteness, and more frequently used in popular entertainment than in everyday speech. The baby talk version of sama is chama (ちゃま).
There are even baby talk versions of baby talk versions. Chan can be changed to tan (たん), and less often, chama (ちゃま) to tama (たま).
Familial honorifics[edit]
Words for family members have two different forms in Japanese. When referring to one's own family members while speaking to a non-family-member, neutral, descriptive nouns are used, such as haha (母) for "mother" and ani (兄) for "older brother". When addressing one's own family members or addressing or referring to someone else's family members, honorific forms are used. Using the suffix -san, as is most common, "mother" becomes okāsan (お母さん) and "older brother" becomes oniisan (お兄さん). The honorifics -chan and -sama may also be used instead of -san, to express a higher level of closeness or reverence, respectively.
The general rule is that a younger family member (e.g., a young brother) addresses an older family member (e.g., a big brother) using an honorific form, while the older family member calls the younger one only by name.
The honorific forms are:
Otōsan (お父さん): father. The descriptive noun is chichi (父).
Ojisan (叔父さん／小父さん／伯父さん): uncle, or also "middle-aged gentleman".
Ojiisan (お祖父さん／御爺さん／お爺さん／御祖父さん): grandfather, or also "male senior-citizen".
Okāsan (お母さん): mother. The descriptive noun is haha (母).
Obasan (伯母さん／小母さん／叔母さん): aunt, or also "middle-aged lady".
Obāsan (お祖母さん／御祖母さん／御婆さん／お婆さん): grandmother, or also "female senior-citizen".
Oniisan (お兄さん): big brother, or also "a young gentleman". The descriptive noun is ani (兄).
Onēsan (お姉さん): big sister, or also "a young lady". The descriptive noun is ane (姉).
The initial o- (お) in these nouns is itself an honorific prefix. In more casual situations the speaker may omit this prefix but will keep the suffix.
Niichan (兄ちゃん) or Niisan (兄さん): when a young sibling addresses his or her own "big brother".
Nēchan (姉ちゃん) or Nēsan (姉さん): when a young sibling addresses his or her own "big sister".
Kāsan (母さん): when a man addresses his own "wife" (the "mother" of their children).
Tōsan (父さん): when a woman addresses her own "husband" (the "father" of their children)
Bāchan (祖母ちゃん): when grandchildren address their "grandma".
Jiichan (祖父ちゃん): when grandchildren address their "grandpa".
See also[edit]
Aizuchi
Honorific speech in Japanese
Etiquette in Japan
Japanese pronouns
Zen ranks and hierarchy
Other languages[edit]
T–V distinction, politeness differences more generally
Chinese honorifics
Chinese titles
Korean honorifics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ashcraft, Brian (30 January 2013). "Legendary Sega Consoles Turned into Colorful Anime Ladies". Kotaku. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Patrick McCarthy. "Dai Nippon Butokukai". Retrieved 2007-08-25.
Jump up ^ Rin is thought to have been inspired by European girl's names like Katherine and Marilyn; [1]
Akamatsu, Tsutomu. "Honorific Particles in Japanese and Personal Monemes". Cairn.Info 47 (2011)
Hijirida, Kyoko, and Ho-Min Sohn. "Cross‐cultural patterns of honorifics and sociolinguistic sensitivity to honorific variables: Evidence from English, Japanese, and Korean". Francis&Taylor Online 19.3 (1986)
Nakazato, Yuji. "An Honorific Index for Japanese". ProQuest (1997)
Obana, Yasuko. "A Comparison of Honorifics in Japanese and English Languages". Francis&Taylor Online 11.3 (1991)
Shibamoto-Smith, Janet. "Honorifics, Politeness, and Power in Japanese Political Debate". ScienceDirect 43.15 (2011)
Further reading[edit]
Poser, William J. (1990). "Evidence for Foot Structure in Japanese". Language 66.1.78–105. Reprinted in Natsuko Tsujimura (ed.) Japanese Linguistics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Oxford: Routledge, 2005, pp. 159–190.
External links[edit]
Look up Category:Japanese suffixes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Japanese honorifics.
How to use Japanese suffixes
Stason.org
Japanese Dictionary with Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji virtual keyboards
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Baker Hotel (Mineral Wells, Texas)
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Baker Hotel
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
The Baker Hotel in 2006.
Baker Hotel
Baker Hotel
Show map of Texas Show map of the US Show all
Location
200 E. Hubbard St.,
Mineral Wells, Texas
Coordinates
32°48′34″N 98°6′41″W / 32.80944°N 98.11139°W / 32.80944; -98.11139Coordinates: 32°48′34″N 98°6′41″W / 32.80944°N 98.11139°W / 32.80944; -98.11139
Area
less than one acre
Built
1929 (1929)
Built by
Inge & Burger, Inc.
Architect
Wyatt C. Hedrick
Architectural style
Chicago School
Mission Revival
Spanish Colonial Revival
NRHP reference #
82004518[1]
Added to NRHP
June 23, 1982
The Baker Hotel is a long-shuttered hotel in Mineral Wells, Texas. The Baker Hotel was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Origin
1.2 The 1930s: a top tier spa destination
1.3 The 1940s: war brings prosperity
1.4 The 1950s-1970s: decline and abandonment
1.5 2010 restoration plans
2 Popular culture
3 Photo gallery
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Origin[edit]
The story of the Baker Hotel begins in 1922, when citizens of Mineral Wells, concerned that non-citizens were profiting off of the growing fame of the community's mineral water, raised $150,000 in an effort to build a large hotel facility owned by local shareholders. They solicited the services of prominent Texas hotel magnate Theodore Brasher Baker, who gained fame by designing and building such grand hotels as the Baker Hotel in Dallas, the Hotel Texas in Fort Worth, and managed the Connor Hotel in Joplin, Missouri.
Architect Wyatt C. Hedrick based the hotel design on the Arlington Hotel in Hot Springs, Arkansas, which was known for its water and baths. Construction began on the hotel in 1926 but was stopped after Mr. Baker made a trip to California, where he visited a hotel with a swimming pool and decided the new Baker Hotel must have one in the front of the hotel. The swimming pool was placed on top of an already-completed basement, which was used as a work area for the hotel and a changing area for guests. An Olympic sized pool to be filled with the curing mineral waters, it was the first swimming pool built at a hotel in Texas.
Construction began the following year on the grand and opulent structure, which was described by Palo Pinto County historian John Winters as a "Spanish Colonial Revival, Commercial Highrise." It would rise fourteen stories over Mineral Wells, house 450 guest rooms, two ballrooms, an in-house beauty shop, and other novelties such as a bowling alley, a gymnasium, and an outdoor swimming pool. Completed three years later with a cost in 1929 dollars of $1.2 million, the mammoth building instantly dominated the city skyline.
The 1930s: a top tier spa destination[edit]
The Baker Hotel opened to the public on November 9, 1929 and celebrated with a grand opening celebration gala two weeks later on November 22. It boasted extravagant creature comforts such as an advanced hydraulic system that circulated ice water to all 450 guest rooms, lighting and fans controlled by the door locks that shut off and on automatically when the guest left or arrived in their rooms, and a valet compartment where guests could deposit soiled laundry that was accessible by hotel staff without them ever even having to enter the guest's room. The hotel was fully air conditioned by the 1940s, which added to its appeal as a top-notch convention attraction, offering a meeting capacity of 2,500 attendees; a remarkable number considering that Mineral Wells was home to only approximately 6,000 residents in 1929. Even though it opened mere days after the 1929 stock market crash, the Baker enjoyed immense success throughout the 1930s, largely due to Mineral Wells growing reputation as a top tier health spa destination. Several notable celebrities made the Baker a temporary home during their visits to the city's health spas; the star studded guest list included the likes of Glenn Miller, Lawrence Welk, Clark Gable, Judy Garland, and future U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. It is even rumored by local historians that legendary outlaws Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow may have spent a night or two at the Baker.
The 1940s: war brings prosperity[edit]
T.B. Baker began to suffer financial difficulties in the early 1930s, eventually declaring bankruptcy in 1934. He passed control of the Baker Hotel to his nephew Earl Baker, who had served as the hotel's manager as well as managing director of Baker's Gunter Hotel in San Antonio. Despite its owner's financial problems, the Baker Hotel continued to thrive throughout the mid-1930s. As the decade came to a close, however, Mineral Wells' reputation as a health spa was in decline; advances in modern medication and the discovery of antibiotics such as penicillin began to lead local doctors, who had been encouraging patients to partake in the area's therapeutic waters, to invest more confidence in medicine. Business began to suffer, until a second boom in the Baker's popularity began when the Fort Wolters military base opened nearby in October, 1940. It was home to the largest infantry placement in World War II, and the hotel enjoyed its greatest popularity and success as a result; throughout World War II, the transient and permanent population of Mineral Wells hovered near 30,000, a large number of them making their temporary homes in the Baker.
The Baker Hotel bell tower and ballroom.
The 1950s-1970s: decline and abandonment[edit]
After the war ended in 1945, Fort Wolters was closed and business suffered. A smaller renaissance came in 1951 when the Wolters facility was reopened as a helicopter base, and the Baker hosted the Texas Republican Party conventions in 1952 and 1955, and the Texas Democratic Party held their convention at the Baker in 1954. Aside from these successes, business declined steadily through the 1950s and the proverbial final nail was driven by Earl Baker himself when he announced that he would be closing the hotel after the passing of his seventieth birthday in 1963. True to his word, Baker shuttered the building on April 30 of that year, bringing an end to thirty years of service to Mineral Wells and surrounding areas. The hotel re-opened in 1965 when a group of local investors leased the structure from the Baker family, but the revival would be brief and marred by the death of Earl Baker of a heart attack in 1967 after he was found unconscious on the floor of the cavernous Baker Suite. In 1972, the Baker closed its doors for the last time and though several groups have made offers to rehabilitate the structure (the most recent in 2008), the building sits vacant and deteriorating from the ravages of nature and constant threats of vandalism.
2010 restoration plans[edit]
Plans were announced in August 2010 for Hunter Chase Private Equity to purchase and reopen the Baker with a proposed renovation budget of $54 million. Hunter Chase Private Equity and The Baker Hotel Development Team currently hold plans to bring the hotel back to life once financing and capital is obtained. Plans call to enlarge the current 400 plus rooms and bring the total number of rooms down to 155. The third floor will still be maintained as a luxury mineral spa. It is estimated the restoration will take approximately two years after ground-breaking.[3]
In 2014, citizens of Mineral Wells approved a measure to allocate a portion of the city's sales tax to the renovation project that will provide up to $4 million for the $56 million project. The renovation team is currently working to obtain the remainder of the funding and have created a website to communicate with the public about the project.[4][5]
Popular culture[edit]
The Baker Hotel was featured on the December 7, 2012 episode of Ghost Adventures. The Baker Hotel was also featured on the July 21, 2010 episode 2.3 of Celebrity Ghost Stories with a story of actor Eric Balfour's paranormal experiences at the hotel. After this episode, he was also featured on the September 10, 2016 Season 5 Episode 6 of The Haunting of....Eric Balfour.
Photo gallery[edit]
See also[edit]
NRHP portal
Texas portal
National Register of Historic Places listings in Palo Pinto County, Texas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ Fowler, Gene. "Well, Well, Mineral Wells!" (PDF). Retrieved 11 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Helen Anders. "Austin hotelier Trigger to lead restoration of Mineral Wells' famous Baker Hotel Statesman.com Aug. 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ Glasscock, Todd. "Website offers insight into Baker Hotel restoration". Retrieved 11 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Baker Hotel". The Baker Hotel.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baker Hotel.
Baker Hotel photographs and ephemera, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
"Ballad of The Baker" documentary
Baker Hotel Historic Renovation, Fort Worth Business Press, August 25, 2010
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baker_Hotel_(Mineral_Wells,_Texas)&oldid=842082584"
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values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Garza County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Glasscock County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Goliad County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Gonzales County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Gray County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Grayson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Gregg County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Grimes County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Guadalupe County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hall County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hardeman County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hardin County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Harris County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Harrison County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hartley County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hays County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hemphill County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Henderson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hidalgo County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hill County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hood County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hopkins County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Houston County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Howard County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudspeth County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hunt County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hutchinson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Irion County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jack County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jeff Davis County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jim Wells County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Johnson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jones County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Karnes County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kaufman County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kendall County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kenedy County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kent County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kerr County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kimble County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kinney County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kleberg County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in La Salle County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lamar County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lampasas County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lavaca County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lee County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Leon County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Liberty County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Limestone County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lipscomb County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Live Oak County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Llano County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Loving County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lubbock County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Martin County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Mason County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Matagorda County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Maverick County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in McCulloch County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in McLennan County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in McMullen County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Medina County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Menard County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Midland County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Milam County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Mills County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Mitchell County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Montague County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Morris County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Motley County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Nacogdoches County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Navarro County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Nolan County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Nueces County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Ochiltree County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Oldham County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Panola County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Parker County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Pecos County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Potter County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Presidio County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rains County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Randall County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Reagan County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Real County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Red River County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Refugio County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Roberts County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Robertson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockwall County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Runnels County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rusk County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Sabine County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in San Augustine County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in San Jacinto County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in San Patricio County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in San Saba County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Schleicher County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Shackelford County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Smith County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Somervell County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Starr County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Stephens County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Sutton County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Tarrant County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Taylor County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Terrell County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Throckmorton County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Titus County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Tom Green County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Trinity County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Tyler County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Upshur County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Uvalde County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Val Verde County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Van Zandt County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Victoria County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Walker County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Waller County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Webb County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wharton County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wheeler County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wichita County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilbarger County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Willacy County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Williamson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilson County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Winkler County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wise County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wood County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Young County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Zapata County, Texas

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Zavala County, Texas

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