text:
Oyster cracker
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Oyster cracker
A bowl of oyster crackers
Alternative names
water cracker
Type
Cracker
Place of origin
United States
Region or state
Northeast
Created by
Adam Exton
Main ingredients
Enriched flour, shortening, Leavening (baking powder), yeast, sugar, salt
Cookbook: Oyster cracker Media: Oyster cracker
Oyster crackers are small, salted crackers, typically rounds about 0.6 in (15 mm) in diameter, although a slightly smaller hexagonal variety is also prevalent. They are often served with oyster stew, but oyster crackers do not contain oysters. They are similar in ingredients and flavor to saltine crackers.
Contents
[hide]
1 In cuisine
2 Etymology
3 Origins
4 See also
5 References
In cuisine[edit]
Oyster crackers are popular in the northeastern United States, where they are served as an accompaniment to soup, and in the Cincinnati area, where they are frequently served with the city's distinctive chili. In New England, oyster crackers are served in oyster stew and chowders. Additionally, plain oyster crackers are sometimes seasoned with spices. They usually have a taste similar to saltine crackers, but far less salty. In other areas of the United States, they are among the choices for crackers with soup. They are often available in single serving packages for restaurant use.
Many different companies produce oyster crackers with different combinations of shortenings and other ingredients, but retaining the same general shape and size.
Etymology[edit]
The origin of the term "oyster cracker" is unclear, but it may be that they were originally served with oyster stew or clam chowder or merely that they look like an oyster in its shell.[1] Other names include "water cracker," "Philadelphia cracker," and "Trenton cracker".[2]
Origins[edit]
The Westminster Cracker Company of Rutland, Vermont, has been making oyster crackers since 1828.[3] But Adam Exton is credited for inventing the oyster cracker.
Adam Exton, a baker in Trenton, New Jersey, emigrated to America from Lancashire, England, in 1842.[4] In Trenton, Exton opened a cake and cracker bakery with his brother-in-law, Richard Aspden, in 1846. Although Aspden died the following year, Exton continued with the bakery (the "Exton Cracker Bakery" or "Adam Exton & Co."). He invented a machine that rolled and docked pastry and solved the sanitary problems of hand-rolling crackers.
The history of the oyster cracker was related by Exton's nephew, also named Adam Exton, in the Trenton Evening Times Newspaper on May 31, 1917:
Even a cracker has a history. The past, present and future of the little disc of baked dough with "Exton" stamped across the face of it was discussed by Rotarian Adam Exton, of the Exton Cracker Company, at the weekly meeting of Trenton Rotary Club held this afternoon at Hildebrecht's... Manufacture of the Exton oyster cracker was started in Trenton, in the same location now occupied by the company's factory of Center Street, in 1847. Adam Exton, uncle of the speaker, was the originator of the oyster cracker. At the outset the factory had an output of 100 pounds of crackers a day, 36 of them to a pound, making a daily capacity of 3,600 crackers.
See also[edit]
Food portal
List of crackers
Saltine cracker
Cuisine of Philadelphia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What Are Oyster Crackers (And How Did They Get Their Name)?". Kitchn. 2015-01-13. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
Jump up ^ Cornelius Weygandt (1939). General Magazine and Historical Chronicle Vol XLI Numb 2 January 1939. University of Pennsylvania. pp. 346–. Retrieved 7 May 2013. Quote: "I have had letters from Denver and from Pasadena about oyster crackers those oyster crackers some of us called water crackers some of us Philadelphia crackers some of us Trenton crackers Both of these men said they had oyster stew once a week the Denver man on Saturday night the Pasadena man on an unspecified day The one sent to Philadelphia for the crackers the other insisted on Exton crackers"
Jump up ^ — Haleigh (Shelton, CT). "Best Oyster Crackers - Westminster All Natural Crackers". Westminster Crackers. Retrieved 2017-10-06. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Adam Exton at Find A Grave Accessed on 13 May 2008.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oyster_cracker&oldid=806264943"
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Monaco Grand Prix
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Formula One race. For other uses, see Monaco Grand Prix (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Monaco Grand Prix
Circuit de Monaco
Race information
Number of times held
75
First held
1929
Most wins (drivers)
Ayrton Senna (6)
Most wins (constructors)
McLaren (15)
Circuit length
3.337 km (2.074 mi)
Race length
260.286 km (161.734 mi)
Laps
78
Last race (2017)
Pole position
K. Räikkönen
Ferrari
1:12.178
Podium
1. S. Vettel
Ferrari
1:44:44.340
2. K. Räikkönen
Ferrari
+3.145
3. D. Ricciardo
Red Bull-TAG Heuer
+3.745
Fastest lap
Sergio Pérez
Force India
1:14.820
The Monaco Grand Prix (French: Grand Prix de Monaco) is a Formula One motor race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world and, with the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans, forms the Triple Crown of Motorsport. The circuit has been called "an exceptional location of glamour and prestige".[1]
The race is held on a narrow course laid out in the streets of Monaco, with many elevation changes and tight corners as well as a tunnel, making it one of the most demanding tracks in Formula One. In spite of the relatively low average speeds, it is a dangerous place to race and often involves the intervention of a safety car. It is the only Grand Prix that does not adhere to the FIA's mandated 305-kilometre (190-mile) minimum race distance.[2]
The event was part of the pre-Second World War European Championship and was included in the first World Championship of Drivers in 1950. It was designated the European Grand Prix two times, 1955 and 1963, when this title was an honorary designation given each year to one Grand Prix race in Europe. Graham Hill was known as "Mr. Monaco"[3] due to his five Monaco wins in the 1960s. Brazil's Ayrton Senna won the race more times than any other driver, with six victories, winning five races consecutively between 1989 and 1993. Fernando Alonso is the only driver to have won the race in consecutive years for different constructors, winning for Renault in 2006 and McLaren in 2007.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Origins
1.2 Pre-war
1.3 Post-war Grand Prix
1.4 Formula One
1.4.1 Early championship days
1.4.2 Graham Hill's era
1.4.3 Track alterations, safety, and increasing business interests
1.4.4 Prost/Senna era
1.4.5 Modern times
2 Circuit
2.1 Viewing areas
3 Organization
4 Fame
5 Winners
5.1 Multiple winners (drivers)
5.2 Multiple winners (constructors)
5.3 By year
6 Previous circuit configurations
7 See also
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
William Grover-Williams at the 1929 Monaco Grand Prix
Like many European races, the Monaco Grand Prix predates the current World Championship. The principality's first Grand Prix was organised in 1929 by Antony Noghès, under the auspices of Prince Louis II, through the Automobile Club de Monaco (ACM), of which he was president.[4] The ACM organized the Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo, and in 1928 applied to the Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus (AIACR), the international governing body of motorsport, to be upgraded from a regional French club to full national status. Their application was refused due to the lack of a major motorsport event held wholly within Monaco's boundaries. The rally could not be considered as it mostly used the roads of other European countries.[5]
To attain full national status, Noghès proposed the creation of an automobile Grand Prix in the streets of Monte Carlo. He obtained the official sanction of Prince Louis II, and the support of Monegasque Grand Prix driver Louis Chiron. Chiron thought Monaco's topography well-suited to setting up a race track.[5]
The first race, held on 14 April 1929, was won by William Grover-Williams (using the pseudonym "Williams"), driving a works Bugatti Type 35B.[6][3] It was an invitation-only event, but not all of those invited decided to attend. The leading Maserati and Alfa Romeo drivers decided not to compete, but Bugatti was well represented. Mercedes sent their leading driver, Rudolf Caracciola. Starting fifteenth, Caracciola drove a fighting race, taking his SSK into the lead before wasting 4½ minutes on refuelling and a tire change to finish second.[7][3] Another driver who competed using a pseudonym was "Georges Philippe", the Baron Philippe de Rothschild. Chiron was unable to compete, having a prior commitment to compete in the Indianapolis 500 on the same day.[5]
Caracciola's SSK was refused permission to race the following year,[7] but Chiron did compete (in the works Bugatti Type 35C), when he was beaten by privateer René Dreyfus and his Bugatti Type 35B, and finished second. Chiron took victory in the 1931 race driving a Bugatti. As of 2015[update], he remains the only native of Monaco to have won the event.[8]
Pre-war[edit]
The race quickly grew in importance. Because of the large number of races which were being termed 'Grands Prix', the AIACR formally recognised the most important race of each of its affiliated national automobile clubs as International Grands Prix, or Grandes Épreuves, and in 1933 Monaco was ranked as such alongside the French, Belgian, Italian, and Spanish Grands Prix.[9] That year's race was the first Grand Prix where grid positions were decided, as they are now, by practice time rather than the established method of balloting. The race saw Achille Varzi and Tazio Nuvolari exchange the lead many times before being settled in Varzi's favour on the final lap when Nuvolari's car caught fire.[10] The race became a round of the new European Championship in 1936, when stormy weather and a broken oil line led to a series of crashes, eliminating the Mercedes-Benzes of Chiron, Fagioli, and von Brauchitsch, as well as Bernd Rosemeyer's Typ C for newcomer Auto Union; Rudolf Caracciola, proving the truth of his nickname, Regenmeister (Rainmaster), went on to win.[11] In 1937, von Brauchitsch duelled Caracciola before coming out on top.[12] It was the last prewar Grand Prix at Monaco, for in 1938, the demand for £500 (about US$2450) in appearance money per top entrant led AIACR to cancel the event, while looming war overtook it in 1939, and the Second World War ended organised racing in Europe until 1945.[citation needed]
Post-war Grand Prix[edit]
Racing in Europe started again on 9 September 1945 at the Bois de Boulogne Park in the city of Paris, four months and one day after the end of the war in Europe.[13] In 1946 a new premier racing category, Grand Prix, was defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the successor of the AIACR, based on the pre-war voiturette class. A Monaco Grand Prix was run to this formula in 1948, won by the future world champion Nino Farina in a Maserati 4CLT.[14][15]
Formula One[edit]
Early championship days[edit]
The 1949 event was cancelled due to the death of Prince Louis II; it was included in the new Formula One World Drivers' Championship the following year. The race provided future five-time world champion Juan Manuel Fangio with his first win in a World Championship race, as well as third place for the 51-year-old Louis Chiron, his best result in the World Championship era. However, there was no race in 1951. In 1952, the first of the two years in which the World Drivers' Championship was run to less powerful Formula Two regulations, the race was run to sports car rules instead, and it did not form part of the World Championship.[3] There was no race held in 1953 and 1954 either.
Since 1955, the Monaco Grand Prix has continuously been part of the Formula One World Championship.[16] That year, Maurice Trintignant won in Monte Carlo for the first time and Chiron again scored points and at 56 became the oldest driver to compete in a Formula One Grand Prix. It was not until 1957, when Fangio won again, that the Grand Prix saw a double winner. Between 1954 and 1961 Fangio's former Mercedes colleague, Stirling Moss, went one better, as did Trintignant, who won the race again in 1958 driving a Cooper. The 1961 race saw Moss fend off three works Ferrari 156s in a year-old privateer Rob Walker Racing Team Lotus 18, to take his third Monaco victory.[17]
Graham Hill's era[edit]
Graham Hill won five of his 14 Grands Prix at Monaco.
Britain's Graham Hill won the race five times in the 1960s and became known as "King of Monaco"[18] and "Mr. Monaco". He first won in 1963, and then won the next two years.[3] In the 1965 race he took pole position and led from the start, but went up an escape road on lap 25 to avoid hitting a slow backmarker. Re-joining in fifth place, Hill set several new lap records on the way to winning.[19] The race was also notable for Jim Clark's absence (he was doing the Indianapolis 500), and for Paul Hawkins's Lotus ending up in the harbour.[20] A similar incident was included in the 1966 film Grand Prix.[21] Hill's teammate, Briton Jackie Stewart, won in 1966 and New Zealander Denny Hulme won in 1967, but Hill won the next two years, the 1969 event being his final Formula One championship victory, by which time he was a double Formula One world champion.[22]
Track alterations, safety, and increasing business interests[edit]
By the start of the 1970s, efforts by Jackie Stewart saw a few events cancelled because of safety concerns. For the 1969 event, Armco barriers were placed at specific points for the first time in the circuit's history; before that, the circuit's conditions were (aside from the removal of people's production cars parked on the side of the road) virtually identical to everyday civilian use. If a driver went off, he would crash into whatever was next to the track (buildings, trees, lamp posts, glass windows, and even a train station); and in Alberto Ascari's and Paul Hawkins's cases, the harbour water, because the concrete road the course used had no Armco to protect the drivers from going off the track and into the Mediterranean. The circuit gained more Armco in specific points for the next 2 races, and by 1972, the circuit was almost completely Armco-lined. And for the first time in its history, the Monaco circuit was altered that year; the pits were moved next to the waterfront straight between the chicane and Tabac and the chicane was moved further forward right before Tabac and was the junction point between the pits and the course. The course was changed again for the 1973 race; the Rainier III Nautical Stadium was constructed where the straight that went behind the pits was and the circuit introduced a double chicane that went around the new swimming pool (this chicane complex is known as "Swimming Pool"). This created space for a whole new pit facility; and in 1976 the course was altered yet again; the Sainte Devote corner was made slower and a chicane was placed right before the pit straight.[23]
For the next two races, By the early 1970s, as Brabham team owner Bernie Ecclestone started to marshal the collective bargaining power of the Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA), Monaco was prestigious enough to become an early bone of contention. Historically the number of cars permitted in a race was decided by the race organiser, in this case the ACM, which had always set a low number of around 16. In 1972 Ecclestone was starting to negotiate deals which relied on FOCA guaranteeing at least 18 entrants for every race. A stand-off over this issue left the 1972 race in jeopardy until the ACM gave in and agreed that 26 cars could participate – the same number permitted at most other circuits. Two years later, in 1974, the ACM managed to get the numbers back down to 18.[24]
Because of its tight confines, slow average speeds and punishing nature, Monaco has often thrown up unexpected results. In the 1982 race René Arnoux led the first 15 laps, before retiring. Alain Prost then led until four laps from the end, when he spun off on the wet track, hit the barriers and lost a wheel, giving Riccardo Patrese the lead. Patrese himself spun with only a lap and a half to go, letting Didier Pironi through to the front, followed by Andrea de Cesaris. On the last lap, Pironi ran out of fuel in the tunnel, but De Cesaris also ran out of fuel before he could overtake. In the meantime Patrese had bump-started his car and went through to score his first Grand Prix win.[25]
In 1983 the ACM became entangled in the disagreements between Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) and FOCA. The ACM, with the agreement of Bernie Ecclestone, negotiated an individual television rights deal with ABC in the United States. This broke an agreement enforced by FISA for a single central negotiation of television rights. Jean-Marie Balestre, president of FISA, announced that the Monaco Grand Prix would not form part of the Formula One world championship in 1985. The ACM fought their case in the French courts. They won the case and the race was eventually reinstated.[24]
Prost/Senna era[edit]
For the decade from 1984 to 1993 the race was won by only two drivers, arguably the two best drivers in Formula One at the time- Frenchman Prost and Brazilian Ayrton Senna. Prost, already a winner of the support race for Formula Three cars in 1979, took his first Monaco win at the 1984 race. The race started 45 minutes late after heavy rain. Prost led briefly before Nigel Mansell overtook him on lap 11. Mansell crashed out five laps later, letting Prost back into the lead. On lap 27, Prost led from Ayrton Senna's Toleman and Stefan Bellof's Tyrrell. Senna was catching Prost and Bellof was catching both of them. However, on lap 31, the race was controversially stopped with conditions deemed to be undriveable. Later, FISA fined the clerk of the course, Jacky Ickx, $6,000 and suspended his licence for not consulting the stewards before stopping the race.[26] The drivers received only half of the points that would usually be awarded, as the race had been stopped before two-thirds of the intended race distance had been completed.[27]
Prost won 1985 after polesitter Senna retired with a blown Renault engine in his Lotus after over-revving it at the start, and Michele Alboreto in the Ferrari retook the lead twice, but he went off the track at Sainte-Devote, where Brazilian Nelson Piquet and Italian Riccardo Patrese had a huge accident only a few laps previously and oil and debris littered the track. Prost passed Alboreto, who retook the Frenchman, and then he punctured a tire after running over bodywork debris from the Piquet/Patrese accident, which dropped him to 4th. He was able to pass his Roman countrymen Andrea De Cesaris and Elio de Angelis, but finished 2nd behind Prost. The French Prost dominated 1986 after starting from pole position, a race where the Nouvelle Chicane had been changed on the grounds of safety.[28]
Senna holds the record for the most victories in Monaco, with six, including five consecutive wins between 1989 and 1993, as well as eight podium finishes in ten starts. His 1987 win was the first time a car with an active suspension had won a Grand Prix. He managed to win this race after Briton Nigel Mansell in a Williams-Honda went out with a broken exhaust. His win was very popular with the people of Monaco, and when he was arrested on the Monday following the race, for riding a motorcycle without wearing a helmet, he was released by the officers after they realised who he was.[29] Senna dominated 1988, and was able to get ahead of his teammate Prost while the Frenchman was held up for most of the race by Austrian Gerhard Berger in a Ferrari. By the time Prost got past Berger, he pushed as hard as he could and set a lap some 6 seconds faster than Senna's- at which the Brazilian panicked; he then set 2 fastest laps, and while pushing as hard as possible, he bit the barrier at the Portier corner and crashed into the Armco separating the road from the Mediterranean. Senna was so upset that he went back to his Monaco flat and was not heard from again; Prost went on to win for the fourth time. Senna dominated 1989 while Prost was stuck behind backmarker has-been Rene Arnoux and others; the Brazilian also dominated 1990 and 1991. At the 1992 event Nigel Mansell, who had won all five races held to that point in the season, took pole and dominated the race in his Williams FW14B-Renault. However, with seven laps remaining, Mansell suffered a loose wheel nut and was forced into the pits, emerging behind Ayrton Senna's McLaren-Honda, who was on worn tyres. Mansell, on fresh tyres, set a lap record almost two seconds quicker than Senna's and closed from 5.2 to 1.9 seconds in only two laps. The pair duelled around Monaco for the final four laps but Mansell could find no way past, finishing just two tenths of a second behind the Brazilian. Senna had a poor start to the 1993 event, he crashed in practice and qualified 3rd behind pole-sitter Prost and the German rising star Michael Schumacher. The Brazilian Senna was again fortuitous to win in 1993 after getting to the first corner in third behind Prost and Schumacher. Prost had to serve a time penalty for jumping the start and Schumacher retired with hydrualic active suspension problems, and Senna won in front of the late Graham Hill's son Damon.[30][31] It was Senna's fifth win at Monaco, equalling Graham Hill's record. After Senna took his sixth win at the 1993 race, breaking Graham Hill's record for most wins at the Monaco Grand Prix, runner-up Damon Hill commented that "If my father was around now, he would be the first to congratulate Ayrton."[32]
Modern times[edit]
Formation lap for the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix
The 1994 race was an emotional and tragic affair; it came two weeks after the tragic race at Imola where Austrian Roland Ratzenberger and Senna both died from massive head injuries from on-track accidents on successive days. But during the Monaco event, Austrian Karl Wendlinger had an appalling accident in his Sauber in the tunnel; he went into a coma and was to miss the rest of the season; some feared for his life. The German Schumacher won the 1994 Monaco event easily.[33] The 1996 race saw Michael Schumacher take pole position before crashing out on the first lap after being overtaken by Damon Hill. Hill led the first 40 laps before his engine expired in the tunnel. Jean Alesi took the lead but suffered suspension failure 20 laps later. Olivier Panis, who started in 14th place, moved into the lead and stayed there until the end of the race, being pushed all the way by David Coulthard. It was Panis's only win, and the last for his Ligier team. Only three cars crossed the finish line, but seven were classified.[34]
Seven-time world champion Schumacher would eventually win the race five times, matching Graham Hill's record. In his appearance at the 2006 event, he attracted criticism when, while provisionally holding pole position and with the qualifying session drawing to a close, he stopped his car at the Rascasse hairpin, blocking the track and obliging competitors to slow down.[35] Although Schumacher claimed it was the unintentional result of a genuine car failure, the FIA disagreed and he was sent to the back of the grid.[36]
In July 2010, Bernie Ecclestone announced that a 10-year deal had been reached with the race organisers, keeping the race on the calendar until at least 2020.[37]
Circuit[edit]
The Monte Carlo harbour during the days of the 2016 Formula One race
Main article: Circuit de Monaco
The Circuit de Monaco consists of the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine, which includes the famous harbour. It is unique in having been held on the same circuit every time it has been run over such a long period – only the Italian Grand Prix, which has been held at Autodromo Nazionale Monza during every Formula One regulated year except 1980, has a similarly lengthy and close relationship with a single circuit.[citation needed]
The race circuit has many elevation changes, tight corners, and a narrow course that makes it one of the most demanding tracks in Formula One racing.[38] As of 2015[update], two drivers have crashed and ended up in the harbour, the most famous being Alberto Ascari in 1955.[20][39] Despite the fact that the course has had minor changes several times during its history, it is still considered the ultimate test of driving skills in Formula One, and if it were not already an existing Grand Prix, it would not be permitted to be added to the schedule for safety reasons.[40] Even in 1929, 'La Vie Automobile' magazine offered the opinion that "Any respectable traffic system would have covered the track with <<Danger>> sign posts left, right and centre".[41]
Triple Formula One champion Nelson Piquet was fond of saying that racing at Monaco was "like trying to cycle round your living room", but added that "a win here was worth two anywhere else".[42]
Notably, the course includes a tunnel. The contrast of daylight and gloom when entering/exiting the tunnel presents "challenges not faced elsewhere", as the drivers have to "adjust their vision as they emerge from the tunnel at the fastest point of the track and brake for the chicane in the daylight.".[43] The fastest-ever qualifying lap was set by Kimi Räikkönen in qualifying for the 2017 Grand Prix, at 1m 12.178.[44] This same lap is also the fastest-ever to date.
Viewing areas[edit]
During the Grand Prix weekend spectators crowd around the Monaco Circuit. There are a number of temporary grandstands built around the circuit, mostly around the harbour area. The rich and famous arrive on their boats and the yachts in the harbour fill with spectators. Balconies around Monaco become viewing areas for the race too. Many hotels and residents cash in on the birds eye views of the race. Grand Prix organizers Automobile Club de Monaco officially voted the Ermanno Palace Penthouse the 'Best view of the Monaco Grand Prix'.[citation needed]
Organization[edit]
The 1929 Monaco Grand Prix event poster
The Monaco Grand Prix is organised each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco which also runs the Monte Carlo Rally and the Junior Monaco Kart Cup.[45]
It differs in several ways from other Grands Prix. The practice session for the race is held on the Thursday preceding the race instead of Friday.[46] This allows the streets to be opened to the public again on Friday. Until the late 1990s the race started at 3:30 p.m. local time – an hour and a half later than other European Formula One races. In recent years the race has fallen in line with the other Formula One races for the convenience of television viewers. Also, earlier the event was traditionally held on the week of Ascension Day. It is now always held on the last weekend in May. For many years, the numbers of cars admitted to Grands Prix was at the discretion of the race organisers – Monaco had the smallest grids, ostensibly because of its narrow and twisting track.[47] Only 18 cars were permitted to enter the 1975 Monaco Grand Prix, compared to 23 to 26 cars at all other rounds that year.[48]
The erecting of the circuit takes six weeks, and the removal after the race takes three weeks.[49] There was no podium as such at the race, until 2017. Instead a section of the track is closed after the race to act as parc fermé, a place where the cars are held for official inspection. The first three drivers in the race leave their cars there and walk directly to the royal box where the 'podium' ceremony is held, which is considered a custom for the race.[50] The trophies are handed out before the national anthems for the winning driver and team are played, as opposed to other Grands Prix where the anthems are played first.[citation needed]
Fame[edit]
The Monaco Grand Prix is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world alongside the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.[41][51] These three races are considered to form a Triple Crown of the three most famous motor races in the world. Graham Hill is the only driver to have won the Triple Crown, by winning all three races. The practice session for Monaco overlaps with that for the Indianapolis 500, and the races themselves sometimes clash. As the two races take place on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean and form part of different championships, it is difficult for one driver to compete effectively in both during his career.[52] Juan Pablo Montoya, who won the Monaco Grand Prix in 2003 and the Indianapolis 500 in 2000 and 2015,[53] is the only active driver still racing in 2017 who has won two of the three races.
In awarding its first Gold medal for motor sport to Prince Rainier III, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) characterised the Monaco Grand Prix as contributing "an exceptional location of glamour and prestige" to motor sport.[1] It has been run under the patronage of three generations of Monaco's royal family: Louis II, Rainier III and Albert II, all of whom have taken a close interest in the race. A large part of the principality's income comes from tourists attracted by the warm climate and the famous casino, but it is also a tax haven and is home to many millionaires, including several Formula One drivers.[54]
Monaco has produced only three native Formula One drivers, Louis Chiron, André Testut and Olivier Beretta,[55] but its tax status has made it home to many drivers over the years, including Gilles Villeneuve and Ayrton Senna. Of the 2006 Formula One contenders, several have property in the principality, including Jenson Button and David Coulthard, who was part owner of a hotel there.[56] Because of the small size of the town and the location of the circuit, drivers whose races end early can usually get back to their apartments in minutes. Ayrton Senna famously retired to his apartment after crashing out of the lead of the 1988 race.[57]
Winners[edit]
Multiple winners (drivers)[edit]
Embolded drivers are still competing in the Formula One championship
Ayrton Senna won the race a record six times.
# Wins
Driver
Years Won[16]
6
Ayrton Senna 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
5
Graham Hill 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969
Michael Schumacher 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001
4
Alain Prost 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988
3
Stirling Moss 1956, 1960, 1961
Jackie Stewart 1966, 1971, 1973
Nico Rosberg 2013, 2014, 2015
2
Juan Manuel Fangio 1950, 1957
Maurice Trintignant 1955, 1958
Niki Lauda 1975, 1976
Jody Scheckter 1977, 1979
David Coulthard 2000, 2002
Fernando Alonso 2006, 2007
Mark Webber 2010, 2012
Lewis Hamilton 2008, 2016
Sebastian Vettel 2011, 2017
Multiple winners (constructors)[edit]
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A cream background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
Embolded teams are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
# Wins
Constructor
Years won[16]
15
McLaren 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998,
2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008
10
Ferrari 1952, 1955, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2017
7
Lotus 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1987
Mercedes 1935, 1936, 1937, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
5
BRM 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1972
4
Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933
3
Alfa Romeo 1932, 1934, 1950
Maserati 1948, 1956, 1957
Cooper 1958, 1959, 1962
Tyrrell 1971, 1973, 1978
Williams 1980, 1983, 2003
Red Bull 2010, 2011, 2012
2
Brabham 1967, 1982
Benetton 1994, 1995
Renault 2004, 2006
By year[edit]
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A cream background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
Nico Rosberg won the Monaco Grand Prix three times in a row from 2013 to 2015, racing for Mercedes.
Year
Driver[16]
Constructor
Report
2017
Sebastian Vettel Ferrari Report
2016
Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report
2015
Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
2014
Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
2013
Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
2012
Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault Report
2011
Sebastian Vettel Red Bull-Renault Report
2010
Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault Report
2009
Jenson Button Brawn-Mercedes Report
2008
Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes Report
2007
Fernando Alonso McLaren-Mercedes Report
2006
Fernando Alonso Renault Report
2005
Kimi Räikkönen McLaren-Mercedes Report
2004
Jarno Trulli Renault Report
2003
Juan Pablo Montoya Williams-BMW Report
2002
David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Report
2001
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
2000
David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Report
1999
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
1998
Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Mercedes Report
1997
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
1996
Olivier Panis Ligier-Mugen-Honda Report
1995
Michael Schumacher Benetton-Renault Report
1994
Michael Schumacher Benetton-Ford Report
1993
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Ford Report
1992
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
1991
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
1990
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
1989
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
1988
Alain Prost McLaren-Honda Report
1987
Ayrton Senna Lotus-Honda Report
1986
Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
1985
Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
1984
Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
1983
Keke Rosberg Williams-Ford Report
1982
Riccardo Patrese Brabham-Ford Report
1981
Gilles Villeneuve Ferrari Report
1980
Carlos Reutemann Williams-Ford Report
1979
Jody Scheckter Ferrari Report
1978
Patrick Depailler Tyrrell-Ford Report
1977
Jody Scheckter Wolf-Ford Report
1976
Niki Lauda Ferrari Report
1975
Niki Lauda Ferrari Report
1974
Ronnie Peterson Lotus-Ford Report
1973
Jackie Stewart Tyrrell-Ford Report
1972
Jean-Pierre Beltoise BRM Report
1971
Jackie Stewart Tyrrell-Ford Report
1970
Jochen Rindt Lotus-Ford Report
1969
Graham Hill Lotus-Ford Report
1968
Graham Hill Lotus-Ford Report
1967
Denny Hulme Brabham-Repco Report
1966
Jackie Stewart BRM Report
1965
Graham Hill BRM Report
1964
Graham Hill BRM Report
1963
Graham Hill BRM Report
1962
Bruce McLaren Cooper-Climax Report
1961
Stirling Moss Lotus-Climax Report
1960
Stirling Moss Lotus-Climax Report
1959
Jack Brabham Cooper-Climax Report
1958
Maurice Trintignant Cooper-Climax Report
1957
Juan Manuel Fangio Maserati Report
1956
Stirling Moss Maserati Report
1955
Maurice Trintignant Ferrari Report
1954
–
1953
Not held
1952
Vittorio Marzotto Ferrari Report
1951
Not held
1950
Juan Manuel Fangio Alfa Romeo Report
1949
Not held
1948
Giuseppe Farina Maserati Report
1947
–
1938
Not held
1937
Manfred von Brauchitsch Mercedes Report
1936
Rudolf Caracciola Mercedes Report
1935
Luigi Fagioli Mercedes Report
1934
Guy Moll Alfa Romeo Report
1933
Achille Varzi Bugatti Report
1932
Tazio Nuvolari Alfa Romeo Report
1931
Louis Chiron Bugatti Report
1930
René Dreyfus Bugatti Report
1929
William Grover-Williams Bugatti Report
Previous circuit configurations[edit]
1929–1972
1973–1975
1976–1985
1986–1996
See also[edit]
Book: Formula racing
Triple Crown of Motorsport
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "His Serene Highness Prince Rainier of Monte Carlo awarded the first FIA Gold Medal for Motor Sport.". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 14 October 2004. Archived from the original on 15 November 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2006.
Jump up ^ "Rules and regulations: Points, classification and race distance". formula1.com. Formula One. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Monaco". Retrieved 15 February 2007.
Jump up ^ Kettlewell, Mike. "Monaco Grand Prix" in Ward, Ian, Executive Editor. The World of Automobiles, Volume 12 (London: Orbis, 1974), p.1382.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hughes, M. 2007. Street theatre 1929. Motor Sport, LXXXIII/3, p. 62
Jump up ^ "The first Grand Prix of Monaco". Motor Sport Magazine (May 1929): 11. Retrieved 4 August 2016. ; Kettlewell, p.1382.
^ Jump up to: a b Kettlewell, p.1382.
Jump up ^ "Monaco Grand Prix: The Greatest Moments". Thomson Sport. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
Jump up ^ Snellman, Leif & Etzrodt, Hans (14 January 2007). "The Golden Era 1933". Retrieved 17 February 2007.
Jump up ^ Tibballs, Geoff (2001). Motor-Racing's Strangest Races. Robson Books. pp. 95–97. ISBN 1-86105-411-4.
Jump up ^ Kettlewell, Mike. "Monaco: Road Racing on the Riviera", in Northey, Tom, editor. World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 12, p.1383.
Jump up ^ Kettlewell, p.1383.
Jump up ^ The cradle of motorsport www.forix.com Retrieved 6 March 2007
Jump up ^ "1948 Monaco Grand Prix". Motor Sport. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Reports of Recent Events". Motor Sport (June 1948): 10. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "1950–present race results".
Jump up ^ The Complete Encyclopedia of Formula One, p. 262 Lines 8–9 Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 1-85868-515-X
Jump up ^ The Complete Encyclopedia of Formula One, p. 262 Line 10 Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 1-85868-515-X
Jump up ^ Richard Armstrong. "Graham Hill – All-rounder extraordinary". 8W. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "Drivers: Paul Hawkins". GrandPrix.com. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
Jump up ^ Grand Prix – about uk.rottentomatoes.com Retrieved 23 February 2007
Jump up ^ "Graham Hill – 1962, 1968". Formula 1 – The Official F1 Website. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
Jump up ^ "Monte Carlo". RacingCircuits.info. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
^ Jump up to: a b Lovell, Terry (2004) Bernie's Game
Jump up ^ Henry, Alan (1985) Brabham, the Grand Prix Cars, p. 237 Osprey ISBN 0-905138-36-8 Henry lists Pironi as having stopped with electrical trouble, but the official results show that the Ferrari driver ran out of fuel.
Jump up ^ The Chequered Flag p. 320, Lines 55–56 Weidenfeld & Nicolson ISBN 0-297-83550-5
Jump up ^ Spurgeon, Brad (21 May 2015). "When Ayrton Senna Became a Star". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Changing tracks: Monte-Carlo". F1 Fanatic. 2010-05-14. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
Jump up ^ Grand Prix 1987, p. 60. ISBN 0-908081-27-8
Jump up ^ "Grand Prix results: Monaco GP, 1992". GrandPrix.com. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
Jump up ^ Autocourse 1992 pp.150, 153
Jump up ^ Allsop, Derek. Designs on Victory: On The Grand Prix Trail With Benetton. Hutchinson, p. 109, Line 34–35 . ISBN 0-09-178311-9
Jump up ^ "Grand Prix Results: Monaco GP, 1994". GrandPrix.com. 15 May 1994. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Saunders, Will (20 May 2014). "In memory of... 1996 Monaco GP, F1's Wackiest Race". crash.net. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "BBC SPORT – Motorsport – Formula One – Schumacher in the dock". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Schumacher is stripped of pole". Formula 1. 27 June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Monaco Grand Prix extends F1 deal by 10 years". BBC Sport. BBC. 28 July 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Holt, Sarah (27 May 2007). "As it happened: Monaco Grand Prix". BBC Sport. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Drivers: Alberto Ascari". GrandPrix.com. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
Jump up ^ In the Driving Seat p. 32, Lines 8–10 Stanley Paul & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-09-173818-0
^ Jump up to: a b "Why not a Grand Prix in Monte Carlo?". Gale Force of Monaco. Archived from the original on 2 May 2006. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
Jump up ^ Jean-Michel Desnoues; Patrick Camus & Jean-Marc Loubat Formula 1 99 p. 121, Line 6–8. Queen Anne Press. ISBN 1-85291-606-0
Jump up ^ Brad Spurgeon (23 May 2008). "Grand Prix races abound, but there's only one Monaco". nytimes.com. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Raikkonen sets fastest-ever Monaco lap". Formula1.com. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Automobile Club of Monaco". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
Jump up ^ "Formula One FAQ". Retrieved 4 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "It's a battle of supremacy at Monaco Grand Prix". The Mercury. 25 May 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Gill, Barrie (ed.) (1976). The World Championship 1975 – John Player Motorsport yearbook 1976. Queen Anne Press Ltd. ISBN 0-362-00254-1. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Allsop, Derek. Designs on Victory: On The Grand Prix Trail With Benetton. Hutchinson, p. 96, Line 4–6. ISBN 0-09-178311-9
Jump up ^ "What The Papers Say About Monaco". PlanetF1.com. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Indy 500, Sunday May 27, 2007". Top Gear Magazine New Car Supplement 2007. BBC Worldwide. March 2007. p. 30.
Jump up ^ Dan Knutson. "2003 Monaco Grand Prix diary". Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2006.
Jump up ^ Knutson, Dan (3 June 2003). "2003 Monaco Grand Prix postscript". Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
Jump up ^ "Yearly Roar". Atlas F1. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
Jump up ^ "List drivers by country – Monaco". Retrieved 31 August 2006. www.f1db.com identifies Testut as Monagasque, although he was born in Lyons, France.
Jump up ^ Sylt, Christian (23 May 2010). "''In the driver's seat: David Coulthard's £30m hotel haul''". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Dorsey, Valerie Lynn (31 October 1988). "Senna sews up world title with Formula One victory". USA Today. p. 11C.
Bibliography[edit]
Kettlewell, Mike. "Monaco: Road Racing on the Riviera", in Northey, Tom, editor. World of Automobiles, Volume 12, pp. 1381–4. London: Orbis, 1974.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monaco Grand Prix.
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List of The Open Championship broadcasters
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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As of 2017, European Tour Productions serves as the host broadcaster for the Open Championship. The host broadcaster, as well as British and American broadcasters Sky Sports and NBC Sports respectively, utilized a total of 175 cameras during the 2016 tournament.[1][2]
Contents
1 Coverage overview
1.1 Additional notes
1.1.1 Early ABC coverage
1.1.2 Later ABC and ESPN coverage
1.1.3 NBC and Golf Channel
2 Commentators
2.1 Play-by-play/anchors
2.2 Analysts
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Coverage overview[edit]
In the United Kingdom, the Open Championship was historically broadcast by the BBC—a relationship which lasted from 1955 to 2015. The BBC's rights to the Open had been threatened by the event's removal from Category A of Ofcom's "listed" events, a status which legally mandated that the Open be broadcast in its entirety by a terrestrial broadcaster. It had since been moved to Category B, meaning that television rights to the tournament could now be acquired by a pay television outlet, such as BT Sport or Sky Sports, as long as rights to broadcast a highlights programme are given to one of the main terrestrial broadcasters.[3]
Beginning in 2016, Sky Sports will have exclusive UK rights to The Open with the BBC showing a 2-hour highlights programme every night instead of live coverage.[4] Sky's major event coverage is fronted by David Livingstone, expert analysis from Butch Harmon, on course commentary from Howard Clark, in-depth 18th hole interviews from tour coach and golfing expert, Tim Barter and main commentary from Ewen Murray and Bruce Critchley. Other golfers such as Peter Oosterhuis, Tony Johnstone, Thomas Bjørn, David Howell, Richard Boxall, Jamie Spence, Mark Roe, Robert Lee, Ross McFarlane, Sandy Lyle, Colin Montgomerie, Paul McGinley, Philip Parkin and Ken Brown contributing to their coverage over the years.
In the United States[5], ABC had historically held rights to the Open.[6] Beginning in 2010 under an eight-year agreement, the Open moved exclusively to ABC's sister pay television channel ESPN, with only tape-delayed highlights shown on ABC.[7] In June 2015, it was announced that NBC Sports would acquire rights to the Open Championship under a 12-year deal beginning in 2017; early round coverage airs on Golf Channel, with the main NBC network broadcasting live weekend coverage. The R&A cited NBC's successful broadcasts of Premier League football, which also primarily airs on weekend mornings in U.S. time zones, as an advantage of NBC's acquisition of The Open.[8] Similarly to the BBC, ESPN chose to opt out of its final year of Open rights, causing NBC's rights to begin in 2016 instead.[9]
Additional notes[edit]
Early ABC coverage[edit]
ABC broadcast golf events for the first time in 1962 when it began televising the Open Championship as part of its anthology series Wide World of Sports. The network later gained the broadcast rights to the PGA Championship in 1965, and the U.S. Open in 1966. Chris Schenkel and Byron Nelson were the initial hosts of the tournament coverage. In 1975, Jim McKay and Dave Marr became the lead broadcast team, while Bob Rosburg joined the network as the first ever on-course reporter, and Peter Alliss joined as a co-anchor.
1982-1996
Beginning in 1982, ABC adopted its most well-known format of the Wide World of Sports era. The broadcast operated using anchor teams, in which an anchor and an analyst would call all of the action from the tower at the 18th hole, and the teams would be rotated on coverage after about a half-hour. Meanwhile, the three on-course reporters, which included Judy Rankin and Ed Sneed in addition to Rosburg, would be utilized when prompted by the anchor team. McKay and Marr would be the lead team, with Jack Whitaker and Alliss[10] as the second team. Occasionally, Rosburg or Whitaker would host if McKay was unavailable, while Roger Twibell would take over the secondary team. After his 1986 Masters win, Jack Nicklaus would appear on ABC after the end of his round and served as an analyst for the rest of the telecast. Nicklaus held his position of entering the booth during the major championship telecasts through the period from 1992 to 1996.
On August 9, 1982, ABC purchased a 10% stake in the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) for $20 million; in exchange for the interest, ESPN gained the U.S. television rights to the British Open, which ABC had not been able to broadcast in its entirety.[11] The purchase provided ABC the option of purchasing additional shares of up to 49% under certain conditions,[12] which included the option to purchase at least 10% of Getty Oil's shares in the channel prior to January 2, 1984.[12]
In 1990, Roger Twibell took over as lead anchor, with Dave Marr as his analyst. Peter Alliss became sole anchor of the second anchor team. During this period, ABC acquired the rights to several non-major PGA Tour events, mostly important events such as The Memorial Tournament and The Tour Championship. 1990 would also mark the final PGA Championship to be broadcast by ABC.
In 1992, Brent Musburger, who had been heavily criticized for his hosting of golf coverage while with CBS, took over as host. Marr was dismissed from the network, while Twibell was reassigned to ESPN's golf coverage, although he occasionally hosted on ABC for a few lower-level tournaments. The format was also reorganized to more emphasize the on-course reporters. Steve Melnyk moved over from CBS to become lead analyst; however, Alliss would anchor for stretches during the telecast. Beyond the team in the booth, all of ABC's other voices were on the course, including Rankin, Rosburg and newcomer Mark Rolfing.
In 1993, ABC used Peter Jacobsen as lead analyst; however, Jacobsen returned to playing in 1994 and Melnyk returned to the lead analyst position.
Later ABC and ESPN coverage[edit]
1997-2005
After facing much criticism for its golf coverage, especially Nicklaus' involvement and Musburger's perceived lack of knowledge of the game, ABC decided to completely overhaul its visual presentation, becoming more in line with cable partner ESPN, while changing the format for its coverage to be more of the standard in line with the other networks, featuring a lead anchor team, announcers assigned to individual holes, and on-course reporters. Mike Tirico became the host, with Curtis Strange serving as lead analyst. Steve Melnyk, Peter Alliss and Ian Baker-Finch became hole announcers, while Bob Rosburg, Judy Rankin and Rolfing were the primary on-course reporters.
To compensate the extra telecasts, ABC added several members to its broadcasting team. Rolfing left to return to NBC and was replaced by Billy Ray Brown. Gary Smith and Mark McCumber (who had worked for the network part-time in 1998) also joined as on-course reporters. Strange and Tirico worked every event, however the other members of the on-air broadcast team generally took weeks off, appearing on certain events. McCumber left ABC after 1999, followed by Smith after 2002; Rosburg began to drastically cut his schedule in 2003. Melnyk became an on-course reporter for the 2003 Tour broadcasts, replacing Smith. Brandel Chamblee replaced Melnyk as a hole announcer.
Bob Rosburg retired after 2003, while Steve Melnyk and Brandel Chamblee left the network. Ian Baker-Finch and Peter Alliss remained hole announcers in 2004, while ESPN's Andy North joined Brown and Rankin as an on-course reporter. Strange left ABC Sports in June 2004 due to a contract dispute, and was replaced as lead analyst for the rest of the season mostly by Baker-Finch, who also served as lead analyst for ESPN during this time. For the rest of the season, ABC had several active PGA players substitute as analysts alongside Baker-Finch, including Hal Sutton and Fred Couples. Nick Faldo worked The Open Championship and caught the eye of ABC producers. It was announced before the 2004 Tour Championship that Faldo and Paul Azinger would become the lead analysts for the network's tour coverage starting at the 2004 Tour Championship. The two, whose pairing was met with wide praise and acclaim by critics, had formerly been playing rivals and had gone head-to-head in both The Open Championship and the Ryder Cup. With Faldo and Azinger on board, Baker-Finch was moved back to being a hole announcer. The rest of the team remained intact, with the addition of Terry Gannon as an occasional host or hole announcer. In the spring of 2006, Judy Rankin was diagnosed with breast cancer, resulting in ESPN's Bill Kratzert replacing her as an on-course reporter while she sought treatment.
2006-2015
In early 2006, it was announced that both ESPN and ABC would lose their respective television rights to the PGA Tour after that season. Mike Tirico was given the position as lead announcer for Monday Night Football; he left the golf team following the Deutsche Bank Championship in September. Gannon took over as lead host for the remainder of ABC's final season. Coinciding with the network's coverage of the Deutsche Bank event, ABC Sports was rebranded as ESPN on ABC as part of the cable channel's increased oversight of the network's sports division, with ESPN graphics being used on the ABC telecasts.
In 2007, ESPN and ABC covered just the first two rounds of the US Open and the final two rounds of the Open Championship. Ian Baker-Finch and Nick Faldo both moved to CBS, while Billy Ray Brown moved to the Golf Channel. Andy North, Bill Kratzert and a fully healthy Judy Rankin became the on-course reporters for both ESPN and ABC. For the ABC telecasts of the Open, the 2006 booth team made a special return, including CBS's Faldo. Alliss and Terry Gannon served as hole announcers for the telecast.
Prior to 2007, ESPN and ABC shared some announcers, but the main ABC coverage team did not generally work on ESPN except for events that ABC had weekend rights to, in which case the full ABC team would work on ESPN's weekday telecasts. After losing PGA Tour rights following the 2006 season, what remained of ESPN and ABC's coverage team's merged, as did the production, with all ABC broadcasts being branded as ESPN broadcasts as part of ESPN on ABC.
In 2008, ESPN reorganized its golf coverage, obtaining the broadcast rights to The Masters; all tournament coverage on both ESPN and ABC was identical, with the exception of the Masters telecasts, which were produced by CBS. Additionally, ABC telecasts did not use the experimental top-screen scoring banner that was used on ESPN's telecasts used in 2008 and 2009. Nick Faldo did not return as an announcer and was not replaced; Mike Tirico and Paul Azinger became the lead booth announcers. Curtis Strange returned to the network, joining Gannon and Tom Weiskopf as a hole announcer. North, Rankin and Kratzert remained on-course reporters; Alliss became an analyst for holes that Gannon was assigned to. ABC's final live telecast was the 2009 Open Championship, in which Tom Watson nearly won the championship at the age of 59. Watson had worked for ABC as a guest analyst at the previous year's Open and had been scheduled to do so again.
When TNT took over the American cable package for the Open in 2003, they started providing 2 hours of early morning coverage on both weekend days prior to the start of ABC's air-time.
During the 2006 Open Championship, Mike Tirico filled in for Ernie Johnson, Jr., who was undergoing chemotherapy. Tirico was also hosting ABC's coverage that week, leading to 11-hour shifts for him.
Long-time ESPN personality Mike Tirico made his on-air debut with NBC during the 2016 Open Championship.[13]
NBC and Golf Channel[edit]
2016-present
On June 8, 2015, it was announced that NBC Sports had acquired rights to The Open Championship beginning in 2017 under a 12-year deal;[8] after former broadcaster ESPN opted out of the final year of rights, NBC began coverage in 2016 instead.[9] Early round coverage is aired by Golf Channel, which marked the first time ever that Golf Channel had ever broadcast one of the four Men's major golf championships.[8] On May 3, 2016, NBC announced that Golf Channel would air the bulk of the men's and women's golf tournaments for the 2016 Summer Olympics, covering up to 300 hours of the tourney, with 130 of those hours live.[14]
Commentators[edit]
Play-by-play/anchors[edit]
Announcer
Years
Network(s)
Dan Hicks 2016-present NBC
Ernie Johnson, Jr. 2003-2005; 2007-2009 TNT
Jim McKay 1962-1967; 1975-1983; 1985-1988; 1990-1993; 1996-2001 ABC
Brent Musburger 1992-1996 ABC
Lou Palmer 1982- ESPN
Chris Schenkel 1968-1974 ABC
Jim Simpson 1982- ESPN
Mike Tirico 1997-present ABC
ESPN
TNT
NBC
Roger Twibell 1990-1991 ABC
Jack Whitaker 1982-1989 ABC
Analysts[edit]
Announcer
Years
Network(s)
Peter Alliss 1975-2015 ABC
BBC
ESPN
Paul Azinger 2005-2015 ABC
ESPN
Ian Baker-Finch 2004; 2008-2009 ABC
TNT
Bobby Clampett 2003-2007 TNT
Nick Faldo 2004-2007 ABC
Dave Marr 1970-1991 ABC
Steve Melnyk 1992; 1994-1997 ABC
Johnny Miller 2016-present NBC
Byron Nelson 1966-1974 ABC
Curtis Strange 1998-2003 ABC
Tom Watson 2008 ABC
See also[edit]
List of ESPN/ABC golf commentators
List of NBC Sports golf commentators
Golf Channel#Notable personalities
Golf on TNT#Commentators
BBC Sport Team
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Live From The Open Championship: A New Era Begins for the R&A". Sports Video Group. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "CTV Takes Axon's Cerebrum Back To The Open Golf Championship". TV Technology. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events" (PDF). Ofcom. March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Open Championship: Sky wins rights; BBC to show highlights". BBC Sport. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Haggar, Jeff (July 15, 2013). "History of British Open on US TV (1962-present)". Classic TV Sports.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Larry (21 July 1995). "ABC getting a major chance with British Open coverage". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "All four rounds of British Open shown live on ESPN beginning in '10". ESPN. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ourand, John; Lombardo, John (8 June 2015). "NBC, Golf Channel ending ABC/ESPN British Open reign". Sports Business Journal. Retrieved 8 June 2015. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sbj-nbcbritishopen" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Jump up to: a b Ourand, John (12 October 2015). "NBC getting British Open a year early". Sports Business Journal. Retrieved 12 October 2015. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sbj-nbcopenearly" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Hagger, Jeff (June 15, 2015). "Original ABC footage of TC Chen double hit in 1985 US Open". Classic TV Sports.
Jump up ^ Freeman 2002, p. 121.
^ Jump up to: a b "ABC Unit to Buy Stake in ESPN". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. January 4, 1984. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "NBC names Mike Tirico host of 2016 British Open coverage". Golf Digest. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Baker, Liana (3 May 2016). "Golf Channel unveils Olympics plans; NBC says 'no shows' to have regrets". Reuters. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
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