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The Magic Roundabout
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This article is about the television series. For other uses, see Magic Roundabout (disambiguation).
The Magic Roundabout
Created by
Serge Danot
Starring
Eric Thompson (Original UK narrator)
Jimmy Hibbert (Cartoon Network narrator)
Nigel Planer (Channel 4 narrator)
Country of origin
France
United Kingdom
No. of episodes
441
Production
Running time
450 × 5 minutes (1965–1992)
104 × 11 minutes (2006–2010)
Production company(s)
Danot Production
AB Productions
Release
Original network
ORTF (France, 1964–1974)
BBC (UK, 1965–1977)
Nickelodeon (USA, on Pinwheel, 1979-1991)
Channel 4 (UK, 1991-1992)
Nick Jr. and Nick Jr. 2 (UK, 2006–)
BBC Four (UK, 2006)
Disney Channel (France, 2006)
M6 (FR, 2006)
ZDF (Germany, 2008)
Original release
1963 (France) 1965 (UK) – 1976 (France) 1978 (UK)
The Magic Roundabout is an English-language children's television programme that ran from 1965 to 1977. It was based on the French stop motion animation show Le Manège enchanté, which was created in France in 1963 by Serge Danot with the help of Ivor Wood[1] and Wood's French wife, Josiane.
The French series was first broadcast from 1964 to 1974 on ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française). The BBC originally rejected translating the series because it was "charming... but difficult to dub into English",[1] but later produced a version of the series using the French footage with new English-language scripts that bore little relation to the original storylines. This version, written and narrated by Eric Thompson, was broadcast in 441 five-minute-long episodes from 18 October 1965 to 25 January 1977. It proved a great success and attained cult status,[1] and when in October 1966 it was moved from the slot just before the evening news to an earlier children's viewing time, adult viewers complained to the BBC.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters
2 English-language version
3 Other versions
4 Theme tunes
5 Film versions
5.1 Dougal and the Blue Cat
5.2 2005 film
6 Musical spinoffs
7 Records
8 UK VHS releases
9 In popular culture
10 Road traffic namesake
11 Engineering namesake
12 References
13 External links
Characters[edit]
Although the characters are common to both versions, they were given different names and personalities depending on the language.
The main character is Dougal (also known as Doogal) (Pollux in the original French-language version) who was a drop-eared variety of the Skye Terrier.
Other characters include Zebedee (Zébulon), a jack-in-the-box; Brian (Ambroise), a snail; Ermintrude (Azalée), a cow, and Dylan (named after Bob Dylan[1]) (Flappy) a rabbit. There are two notable human characters: Florence (Margote), a young girl; and Mr Rusty (le Père Pivoine), the elderly moustachioed operator of the roundabout (making him the second character to sport primarily a moustache, after Zebedee). Other less well known human characters, only seen on the roundabout itself during the credits, are Basil, Paul and Rosalie. There is also an adult character, old Mr. McHenry (Jouvence Pio) the gardener who is seen only a couple of times. He is the only bearded character in the show and, despite his name and appearance, is Irish, not Scottish.[citation needed]
The show has a distinctive visual style. The set is a brightly coloured and stylised park containing the eponymous roundabout (a fairground carousel). The programmes were created by stop motion animation, which meant that Dougal was made without legs to make him easier to animate. Zebedee was created from a giant pea which was available in the animation studio and was re-painted. The look of these characters was the responsibility of British animator Ivor Wood, who was working at Danot's studio at the time (and who subsequently animated The Herbs, Paddington Bear and Postman Pat).
English-language version[edit]
The British (BBC) version was distinct from the French version in that the narration was entirely new, created by Eric Thompson from just the visuals, and not based on the script by Serge Danot. Thompson worked without any translation of the French scripts, and the English-language version bears no resemblance to them.[2]
The first British broadcasts were shown every weekday on BBC 1 at 17:50, just before the early evening news at 17:55.[3][1] Although the exact time of the early evening news varied over the years, The Magic Roundabout kept its slot before the early evening news for the duration of its original broadcasting, except for 16:55 time slots during October to November 1966, and earlier times during parts of 1972 and 1973. This was the first time an entertainment programme had been transmitted in this way in the UK. The original series, which was a serial, was made in black-and-white. From the second series onwards it was made in colour, although the series was still broadcast in black-and-white by the BBC; the first colour episode of the show was transmitted on 5 October 1970.
Fifty-two additional episodes, not previously broadcast, were shown in the United Kingdom during 1991 on Channel 4's News Daily. Thompson had died by this time, and the job of narrating them in a pastiche of Thompson's style went to actor Nigel Planer.
The English version of Dougal was generally disparaging and had similarities with the television character of Tony Hancock,[1] an actor and comedian. Ermintrude was rather matronly and fond of singing. Dylan was a hippy-like, guitar-playing rabbit, and rather dopey. Florence was portrayed as courteous and level-headed. Brian was unsophisticated but well-meaning. Zebedee had a red face and large upturned moustache, was dressed in a yellow jacket, and in the first episode was delivered to Mr Rusty in a box, from which he burst like a jack-in-the-box: hence the lower half of his body consisting entirely of a spring. In most episodes he appeared, usually summoned by Florence, with a loud "boing" sound, and he usually closed the show with the phrase "Time for bed".
In the foreword to the recent re-release of the books, Thompson's daughter Emma explains that her father had felt that he was most like Brian of all the characters and that Ermintrude was in some respects based upon his wife, Phyllida Law.
Other characters included Mr McHenry (the elderly gardener who rode a tricycle), Uncle Hamish and Angus (in "Dougal's Scottish Holiday"), and a talking locomotive with a 4-2-2 wheel arrangement and a two-wheel tender. Three other children, Paul, Basil and Rosalie, appeared in the original black-and-white serial and in the credit sequence of the colour episodes, but very rarely in subsequent episodes.
Part of the show's attraction was that it appealed to adults, who enjoyed the world-weary Hancock-style comments made by Dougal, as well as to children. The audience measured eight million at its peak. There are speculations about possible interpretations of the show. One is that the characters represented French politicians of the time, and that Dougal represented Charles de Gaulle. In fact, when Serge Danot was interviewed by Joan Bakewell on Late Night Line-Up in 1968 his associate (perhaps Jean Biard) said that in France it was thought at first that the UK version of Pollux had been renamed "De Gaulle", mishearing the name Dougal (as seen in the Channel 4 documentary The Return of the Magic Roundabout (broadcast 08:50 on 25 December 1991 and 18:00 on 5 January 1992), and in the BBC4 documentary The Magic Roundabout Story (2003)). In the UK, the series gained cult status among some adults during the mid-to-late 1960s because it was seen as having psychedelic connotations (e.g. Dylan was believed to be high on cannabis and Dougal was thought to be on LSD because of his fondness for sugar lumps, while Zebedee – who was so jumpy – was thought to be on amphetamines).
Sometimes, the series broke the fourth wall. At the end of one episode, when Zebedee called his catchphrase of "Time for bed.", Florence asked "Already?", and Zebedee replied that "It is nearly time for the news, and there has been enough magic for one day." The news was broadcast just after The Magic Roundabout. This story was later republished in print from Bloomsbury's 1998 book The Adventures of Brian.
In 1998, Thompson's stories were published by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc as a series of four paperbacks, The Adventures of Dougal, The Adventures of Brian, The Adventures of Dylan and The Adventures of Ermintrude with forewords by his daughter Emma Thompson.
For years, the series had re-runs on Cartoon Network, and was later moved to its sister channel, Boomerang. These airings had almost all the episodes re-narrated by Nigel Planer, much like the Channel 4 airings, though some episodes were narrated by Jimmy Hibbert.
Other versions[edit]
In Italy, part of the series was broadcast in the late 1970s by the RAI state television network. In this version Pollux-Dougal was renamed Bobo and the show stuck with the idea of giving each character its own voice. Bobo was still referred to as English but did not have an accent. The Italian theme for the series became something of a minor hit in children's music.
In Germany and in Austria it was translated to Das Zauberkarussell. In Austria there was in 1974/75 a special version in "Betthupferl" (the same as the German "Mr Sandman") called Cookie and his friends, as Cookie and his friend Apollonius always went through a hole in a tree to join the garden. The name of the magician "Zebedee" in German is "Zebulon".
In the United States, the series was called The Magic Carousel and it aired in the 1970s on Pinwheel, a programme on the children's channel Nickelodeon.This version used American actors such as Michael Karp (the voice of Dougal in this version) and was based on the original French incarnation, such as the scripts being word for word translations, the characters having voices strikingly similar to the french dub's voices, Dylan being called Flappy and Mr Rusty being called Mr. McHenry. Aside from that however, most of the characters have their BBC version names.
In 2007, a new TV version of The Magic Roundabout was created, with 52 x 11-minute episodes, by French animation house Action Synthese with scripts and voices produced in the UK. Directed by Graham Ralph of Silver Fox Films and produced by Theresa Plummer Andrews. Using the CGI designed versions of the original characters from the movie (2005) also produced by Action Synthese, the only new character taken from the film is Soldier Sam. The series takes place after the events of the 2005 film of the same name. The new series also created a few original characters of its own. The series was first broadcast in the UK from Monday 22 October 2006 at 8.00 am on satellite channel Nick Jr. This series picks up where the 2005 film left off. It was also broadcast on the children's channel of China Central Television (CCTV-14) in Chinese during 2017.
In 2010, a second season of 52 11-minute episodes was created.
In The Netherlands, a Dutch version was aired by the NTS (Dutch Television Foundation, one of the national broadcasters at the time) in black and white as 'De Minimolen' ('The Mini Carousel'). Starting on 5 June till 30 September 1967 the series aired on a six day per week basis. The script in Dutch was written by Wim Meuldijk, at the time very successful in writing (and co-producing) the 'Pipo' children's series A brief second run of 'De Minimolen' went on air, late summer of 1980. The theme tune was the same as the British version. Whether Wim Meuldijk used the French or the British dialogue scripts or a self composed storyline is unknown. According to the 'Beeld en geluid' database, the second run of 'De Minimolen' started on 17 August 1976 and ended on September the first that year, being on air irregularly for unknown reasons. The website www.waarkeekjijvroegernaar.nl ('What Did You Watch At The Time?') reports reruns from 1 June till 30 August 1980. This website should be regarded to as more accurate and better researched than the 'Beeld en geluid' database.
When the movie version of the series appeared, the Dutch distribution firm 'A Film' released it on DVD, post-synchronised in Dutch but also with the original English voices and subtitles by choice.
Theme tunes[edit]
The French and British versions had different theme tunes. The French tune was quite an upbeat pop tune played on a Hammond organ with child-adult vocals. The British version, by Alain Legrand, removed the vocals and increased the tempo of the tune while making it sound as if it were played on a fairground organ.
Film versions[edit]
Dougal and the Blue Cat[edit]
Main article: Dougal and the Blue Cat
Danot made a longer film, Pollux et le chat bleu, in 1970 which was also adapted by Thompson and shown in Britain as Dougal and the Blue Cat. The cat, named Buxton, was working for the Blue Voice who wanted to take over the garden. The Blue Voice was voiced by Fenella Fielding and was the only time that Eric Thompson called in another person to voice a character. The Blue Cat heard of Dougal's plan and made him face his ultimate weakness by locking him in a room full of sugar.
2005 film[edit]
Main article: The Magic Roundabout (film)
In 2005, a film adaptation (also called The Magic Roundabout) was released. The movie was about Dougal, Ermintrude, Brian and Dylan going on a quest to stop Zebadee's evil twin, who intends on creating an eternal winter. It was made using modern computer animation, and adopted the approach of the original creator, Serge Danot, of giving each character its own voice rather than using a narrator. The voices included Tom Baker, Joanna Lumley, Ian McKellen, Kylie Minogue, Robbie Williams, Bill Nighy and Lee Evans. The film received mixed reviews, with a 60% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes,[4] while Total Film ranked it as the 45th worst children's movie ever made.[5] The two-disc special edition of the UK DVD of the film features five of the original Magic Roundabout episodes on the second disc. They are all presented in the original black and white with the option of viewing them in English or in the original French.
In 2006, the film was released in the USA as Doogal. This version featured a narration from Judi Dench, rewritten dialogue and a new storyline made to accommodate pop culture references and flatulence jokes (neither of which were present in the original release). The majority of original British voices were replaced by celebrities more familiar to the American public, such as Whoopi Goldberg and Chevy Chase. Only two original voices remained: those of Kylie Minogue and Ian McKellen. The North American version was panned. It currently has an 8% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes,[6] a score of 23 out of 100 ("generally unfavorable") on Metacritic, and an F rating from Entertainment Weekly magazine. It was also a financial failure, grossing a total of 7.2 million dollars in the United States, which is considered low by CGI animated film standards. It has become the second-lowest grossing CGI film (second only to Delgo).[citation needed]
Musical spinoffs[edit]
In 1975, Jasper Carrott released The Magic Roundabout (originally featured on his first live LP Jasper Carrot – In the Club), a short, risqué comic monologue parodying the children's TV series, as the B-side of a 7-inch single, featuring his comic song "Funky Moped" on the A-side. The record was a hit, but Carrott always claimed people were buying it for the B-side and not for the song.[citation needed] The show's theme music also featured on two minor UK hit singles in 1991, "Summer's Magic" by Mark Summers and "Magic Style" by The Badman.
Records[edit]
In 1971 BBC Records released The Magic Roundabout (RBT 8), an LP containing 10 stories taken from the soundtracks of the TV series as told by Eric Thompson. The stories were: "Dougal's Experiment", "A Starry Night", "The Moody Concerto", "Dougal's Adventure", "The Stiff Necked Heliotropes" on side one and "The Birds School", "The Piano Carrier", "Banana Skin", "The Musical Box", "The Announcer" on side two. This album has been re-released twice on CD by the BBC, first in 2005 (BBC Audio:Children's) to coincide with the 'new' film and again in 2010 (Vintage Beeb), featuring the original LP artwork and a bonus interview with Eric Thompson.
French soundtrack recordings were also issued in France in the 60s on three EPs and again on an LP Pollux in 1983 along with an original single "C'est moi Pollux".
UK VHS releases[edit]
VHS Title
Release Date
Episodes
The Magic Roundabout (BBCV 4278) 6 March 1989 Dougal - "Film Director", "Walking Sticks", "Bicycle Race", "The Cannon", "Rustlers", "Gold", "Parking Meters", "The Camera", "The Caravan", "The Experiment", "The Magic Carpet", "Oil", "Vote for Dougal"
The Magic Roundabout 2 (BBCV 4499) 1 April 1991 "Bubbles", "Piano Moving", "Let's Play at Cats", "Watch the Birdie", "Sculptor", "The Orchestra", "Pack of Cards", "Toffee River", "Oil Wells", "Banana Skin", "Spaghetti Party", "Rain", "Baking A Pie"
The Magic Roundabout 3 (BBCV 4734) 3 February 1992 "Alarm Clock", "Brian and the Train Race", "The Chimney Sweep", "Road Signs", "Dylan Plays the Bagpipes", "Dougal's Glasses", "Hide and Seek", "The Lost Boing", "Windy", "The Scarecrow", "Musical Box", "The Oyster", "Dylan the Hairdresser"
The Magic Roundabout Re Release (BBCV 4278) 6 July 1992 Dougal - "Film Director", "Walking Sticks", "Bicycle Race", "The Cannon", "Rustlers", "Gold", "Parking Meters", "The Camera", "The Caravan", "The Experiment", "The Magic Carpet", "Oil", "Vote for Dougal"
The Magic Roundabout 2 Re Release (BBCV 4499) 6 July 1992 "Bubbles", "Piano Moving", "Let's Play at Cats", "Watch the Birdie", "Sculptor", "The Orchestra", "Pack of Cards", "Toffee River", "Oil Wells", "Banana Skin", "Spaghetti Party", "Rain", "Baking A Pie"
The Magic Roundabout 3 Re Release (BBCV 4734) 6 July 1992 "Alarm Clock", "Brian and the Train Race", "The Chimney Sweep", "Road Signs", "Dylan Plays the Bagpipes", "Dougal's Glasses", "Hide and Seek", "The Lost Boing", "Windy", "The Scarecrow", "Musical Box", "The Oyster", "Dylan the Hairdresser"
The Magic Roundabout 4 (BBCV 4829) 6 July 1992 "TV Announcer", "Magic Pot", "The Picnic", "Ermintrude's Folly", "The Exhibition", "Holidays", "Relay Race", "Soul of the Violin", "The Tombola", "Pancakes", "Flying Saucer", "The Sleepwalker", "A Starry Night"
The Very Best of the Magic Roundabout (BBCV 4955) 5 April 1993 "The Orchestra", "Dougal's Glasses", "TV Announcer", "Rustlers", "The Lost Boing", "Baking A Pie", "Ermintrude's Folly", "The Magic Carpet", "The Chimney Sweep", "Sculptor", "Hide and Seek", "Pancakes", "Watch the Birdie", "The Experiment", "A Starry Night", "Road Signs", "Dougal - Film Director"
In popular culture[edit]
Giant versions of Dougal and Zebedee, both the size of a small house, are featured in The Goodies episode "The Goodies Rule – O.K.?" Dougal also makes a brief appearance in another Goodies episode, "It Might as Well Be String".
A slightly inaccurate competitor based on Dougal, named Ruf Ruf Dougal, appeared in Seasons 5–6 of the British game show Robot Wars.
In the episode Dough from Series 3 of the TV comedy Bottom, one of Eddie's forged banknotes depicts "Sylvester Stallone fisting nice Mr. McHenry from The Magic Roundabout".
The title and characters appeared as a regular weekly feature in the "Jack and Jill" children's comic.
No. 8 Squadron RAF nicknamed their Avro Shackleton early warning aircraft after characters from the show and also characters from The Herbs
Road traffic namesake[edit]
The 'magic roundabout' in Splott, featuring road sign sculptures.
In the United Kingdom, the "Magic Roundabout" name has been given to the ring junction – a large road traffic circulation system with unconventional layouts – in Swindon and in Hemel Hempstead for example. The popularity of the TV show coincided with the introduction of such schemes and soon became associated with any complex traffic roundabout. Although the Swindon roundabout's original name was not the Magic Roundabout, it was almost always referred to as such by Swindon residents and in the late eighties, it was officially renamed. The Hemel Hempstead roundabout, with its large central roundabout surrounded by six smaller ones, is officially named the Plough Roundabout.
In 1992, the Cardiff Bay Public Art Strategy selected Pierre Vivant to create artwork for a roundabout in Splott, a district of Cardiff. He created a series of geometrical sculptures featuring everyday road signs and, although its official name is "The Landmark", it is affectionately known by locals as the "Magic Roundabout".[7]
In 2006, the Go North East Bus Company branded one of their routes "The Magic Roundabout", the buses running on it all featuring the characters from the series.[8]
Engineering namesake[edit]
A kind of engineering nut with a spring attached, for using in metal channels, is often called a 'Zebedee nut' for its similarity to the character.[9]
TV production equipment manufacturer Quantel used many Magic Roundabout references in their 'Henry' system. The hard disk system was named 'Dylan' and the operating system named 'Dougal' with VT-100 queries to the OS returning the memorable phrase 'Already Dougling'.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Magic Roundabout, The (1965–78) BFI Screenonline. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
Jump up ^ The Independent, 29 January 2005 "The Magic Roundabout"
Jump up ^ "Listings for 18 October 1965". Radio Times 1923 - 2009. BBC.
Jump up ^ "The Magic Roundabout (2005)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Winning, Josh (8 November 2011). "50 Worst Kids Movies". Total Film. GamesRadar. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Doogal (2006)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Capital's 'Magic Roundabout' is picked for 2008 calendar". Wales Online. 15 November 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Go North East adopts new route branding". busandcoach.com. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
Jump up ^ The Zen Cart™ Team; et al. "M8 Long Spring Zebedee Nuts [SNM8L] - £0.23 : Cable Management Warehouse, CMW Ltd". cmwltd.co.uk.
External links[edit]
Website about the show
The Magic Roundabout on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Magic_Roundabout&oldid=845563005"
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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
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There are many different types of cell in the human body.
Contents
1 Cells that are derived primarily from endoderm
1.1 Exocrine secretory epithelial cells
1.2 Hormone-secreting cells
2 Derived primarily from ectoderm
2.1 Integumentary system
2.1.1 Keratinizing epithelial cells
2.1.2 Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells
2.2 Nervous system
2.2.1 Sensory transducer cells
2.2.2 Autonomic neuron cells
2.2.3 Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells
2.2.4 Central nervous system neurons and glial cells
2.2.5 Lens cells
3 Derived primarily from mesoderm
3.1 Metabolism and storage cells
3.2 Barrier function cells (lung, gut, exocrine glands and urogenital tract)
3.2.1 Kidney
3.2.2 Other
3.3 Extracellular matrix cells
3.4 Contractile cells
3.5 Blood and immune system cells
3.6 Germ cells
3.7 Nurse cell
3.8 Interstitial cells
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Cells that are derived primarily from endoderm[edit]
Exocrine secretory epithelial cells[edit]
Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion)
Salivary gland number 1 (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion)
Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)
Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)
Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)
Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion)
Eccrine sweat glandering dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)
Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)
Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)
Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)
Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline mucus)
Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)
Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)
Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)
Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)
Insolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)
Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion)
Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion)
Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion)
Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion
Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion)
Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion)
Club cell of lung
Hormone-secreting cells[edit]
Anterior pituitary cells
Somatotropes
Lactotropes
Thyrotropes
Gonadotropes
Corticotropes
Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
nonsecreting oxytocin
secreting vasopressin
Gut and respiratory tract cells
secreting serotonin
secreting endorphin
secreting somatostatin
secreting gastrin
secreting secretin
nonsecreting cholecystokinin
secreting insulin
secreting glucagon
nonsecreting bombesin
Thyroid gland cells
Thyroid epithelial cell
Parafollicular cell
Parathyroid gland cells
Parathyroid chief cell
Oxyphil cell
Adrenal gland cells
Chromaffin cells
secreting steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids and gluco corticoids)
Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
Granulosa lutein cells
Theca lutein cells
Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)
Macula densa cell of kidney
Peripolar cell of kidney
Mesangial cell of kidney
Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
Alpha cells (secreting glucagon)
Beta cells (secreting insulin and amylin)
Delta cells (secreting somatostatin)
PP cells (gamma cells) (secreting pancreatic polypeptide)
Epsilon cells (secreting ghrelin)
Derived primarily from ectoderm[edit]
Integumentary system[edit]
Keratinizing epithelial cells[edit]
Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails
Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
Medullary hair shaft cell
Cortical hair shaft cell
Cuticular hair shaft cell
Cuticular hair root sheath cell
Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer
Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer
External hair root sheath cell
Hair matrix cell (stem cell)
Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells[edit]
Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and urinary ducts)
Nervous system[edit]
There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.
Sensory transducer cells[edit]
Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti
Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti
Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor)
Olfactory receptor neuron
Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:
Photoreceptor rod cells
Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye
Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye
Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
Outer hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Inner hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Taste receptor cell of taste bud
Autonomic neuron cells[edit]
Cholinergic neural cell (various types)
Adrenergic neural cell (various types)
Peptidergic neural cell (various types)
Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells[edit]
Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti
Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti
Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
Border cell of organ of Corti
Hensen cell of organ of Corti
Vestibular apparatus supporting cell
Taste bud supporting cell
Olfactory epithelium supporting cell
Schwann cell
Satellite glial cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies)
Enteric glial cell
Central nervous system neurons and glial cells[edit]
Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)
Interneurons
Basket cells
Cartwheel cells
Stellate cells
Golgi cells
Granule cells
Lugaro cells
Unipolar brush cells
Martinotti cells
Chandelier cells
Medium spiny neurons
Cajal–Retzius cells
Double-bouquet cells
Neurogliaform cells
Retina horizontal cell
Spinal interneuron
Renshaw cells
Principal cells
Spindle neuron
Pyramidal cells
Place cells
Grid cells
Speed cells
Head direction cells
Betz cells
Stellate cells
Boundary cells
Bushy cell
Astrocyte (various types)
Oligodendrocyte
Ependymal cells
Tanycytes
Lens cells[edit]
Anterior lens epithelial cell
Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell
Derived primarily from mesoderm[edit]
Metabolism and storage cells[edit]
Adipocytes:
White fat cell
Brown fat cell
Liver lipocyte
Barrier function cells (lung, gut, exocrine glands and urogenital tract)[edit]
Kidney[edit]
Kidney parietal cell
Kidney glomerulus podocyte
Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Loop of Henle thin segment cell
Kidney distal tubule cell
Kidney collecting duct cell
Principal cells
Intercalated cells
Other[edit]
Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung cell)
Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell)
Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, etc.)
Principal cell
Intercalated cell
Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)
Exocrine gland striated duct cell
Gall bladder epithelial cell
Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell
Epididymal principal cell
Epididymal basal cell
Endothelial cells
Extracellular matrix cells[edit]
Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion)
Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes)
Tendon fibroblasts
Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
Pericyte
Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike ewan cell secretion)
Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion)
Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
Osteoblast/osteocyte
Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear
Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)
Pancreatic stelle cell
Contractile cells[edit]
Skeletal muscle cell
Red skeletal muscle cell (slow)
White skeletal muscle cell (fast)
Intermediate skeletal muscle cell
Nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle
Nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle
Satellite cell (stem cell)
Heart muscle cells
Ordinary heart muscle cell
Nodal heart muscle cell
Purkinje fiber cell
Smooth muscle cell (various types)
Myoepithelial cell of iris
Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands
Blood and immune system cells[edit]
Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
Monocyte (white blood cell)
Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
Epidermal Langerhans cell
Osteoclast (in bone)
Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
Neutrophil granulocyte
Eosinophil granulocyte
Basophil granulocyte
Hybridoma cell
Mast cell
Helper T cell
Suppressor T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
Natural killer T cell
B cell
Natural killer cell
Reticulocyte
Hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
Germ cells[edit]
Oogonium/Oocyte
Spermatid
Spermatocyte
Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
Spermatozoon
Nurse cell[edit]
Ovarian follicle cell
Sertoli cell (in testis)
Thymus epithelial cell
Interstitial cells[edit]
Interstitial kidney cells
See also[edit]
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References[edit]

External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human cells.
Types of neurons from NeuroLex
Eukaryotic cell types in COPE database.
Human Cell Atlas
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_human_body&oldid=853797522"
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Gluco corticoid

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Epithelial cell

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Human oral cavity

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Glial cells

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Lugaro cells

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Medium spiny neurons

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Renshaw cells

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Pyramidal cells

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Place cells

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Loop of Henle thin segment cell

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Principal cell

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text:
A Case of You
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the song by Joni Mitchell. For the 2013 film, see A Case of You (film).
"A Case of You"
Song by Joni Mitchell
from the album Blue
Released
1971
Recorded
1971
Genre
Folk, folk rock
Length
4:20
Label
Reprise
Songwriter(s)
Joni Mitchell
Producer(s)
Joni Mitchell
Blue track listing
"River"
(8) "A Case of You"
(9) "The Last Time I Saw Richard"
(10)
"A Case of You" is a song by Joni Mitchell, from her 1971 album Blue. It is one of her best-known songs.
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and recording
2 Additional recordings and performances
3 Awards and accolades
4 Cover versions
5 Soundtrack appearances
6 References
7 External links
Writing and recording[edit]
Mitchell wrote "A Case of You" in or before 1970. As with many of the songs on her album Blue, her break up with Graham Nash is often cited as the inspiration for the song.[1] It is also claimed that it is "a song about Leonard Cohen". She performed the song at the Amchitka Greenpeace benefit concert in October 1970. She recorded the song in 1971, and it was released on the 1971 album Blue with Mitchell playing Appalachian dulcimer, accompanied by James Taylor on acoustic guitar.
Mitchell's earliest public performances of "A Case of You" contain six lines that had changed by the time Blue was recorded. The line "I am as constant as a northern star" is an allusion to Caesar's "I am as constant as the Northern Star" from the Shakespeare play Julius Caesar.
"A Case of You" was also released as the B-side of "California".[2]
Additional recordings and performances[edit]
Mitchell later re-recorded the song for her live album Miles of Aisles (1974), as well as her orchestral album Both Sides Now (2000).
She performed it regularly on her 1983 tour.
The original recording was included on Mitchell's compilation Misses (1996).
Awards and accolades[edit]
In 2011 Mitchell was voted the No. 1 female artist and "A Case of You" the No. 1 female song by listeners of BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs.[3]
Cover versions[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The band Sloan covered the song for the 1992 tribute album Back to the Garden; the cover was released as a single.
Tori Amos covered the song as a B-side for the UK single of "Cornflake Girl" in 1994.
Prince played the song throughout his career. He played it in 1983 during the First Avenue performance where the album versions of "Purple Rain" and several other tracks from the Purple Rain album were recorded. He recorded a version, retitled "A Case of U", for his 2002 album, One Nite Alone..., which he dedicated to his father John L. Nelson, who died in August 2001. His rendition was also included on the 2007 tribute album A Tribute to Joni Mitchell.
Jane Monheit covered the song for her 2001 album Come Dream with Me.
Diana Krall covered the song on her 2001 album Live in Paris.
k.d. lang covered the song en her 2004 album Hymns of the 49th Parallel, a tribute to her favourite Canadian songwriters.
Michelle Branch covered the song for the 2009 covers album Covered, A Revolution in Sound.
The English singer/songwriter James Blake made a cover of Mitchell's song for his EP Enough Thunder (2011). Samples of the aforementioned cover were then used in the tracks Tep and the Logic and You Know Your Youth which were both from the deluxe edition of his eponymous debut album.
In 2012 the Portuguese singer Ana Moura recorded a cover version for her album Desfado produced by Mitchell's former husband and producer Larry Klein.
In 2013 James Wolpert performed "A Case of You" during the Live Playoffs of The Voice. His cover reached the Top 10 of the iTunes "Top 200 Singles Chart". Other notable versions were performed by Rebekah Smarin (2014), Madi Davis (2015), Troy Ramey (2017), and Addison Agen (2017).
In 2014 English singer/songwriter Gabrielle Aplin recorded a cover version for her English Rain EP. [4]
Soundtrack appearances[edit]
The song appears in the films Truly, Madly, Deeply, Practical Magic and Waking the Dead. Mitchell declined, however, to grant permission to use the song in the 2013 film A Case of You.[5]
The song was both referenced and featured in a 1996 episode of the medical drama Chicago Hope, in which Dr. Diane Grad (Jayne Brook) mentions that Mitchell's Blue album was a personal favorite of hers while growing up, and that "A Case of You" was her favorite song on the album. Mitchell's recording of the song later played over the episode's closing credits.
In 2013 the song was featured in "In Dreams Begin Responsibilities", the fourth episode of NBC's Parenthood's fifth season.[6] One of the main characters, Drew, is pursuing a girl who mentions she loves the song. Drew tries to learn as much about Joni Mitchell as he can, only to find out that the girl only knows "A Case Of You" because it was in a movie.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Behind the Song: Joni Mitchell, "A Case of You" « American Songwriter". americansongwriter.com. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Joni Mitchell – California". Discogs. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Your Desert Island Discs results". Desert Island Discs. BBC. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ FB, Dr (3 April 2014). "A Case Of Her: Gabrielle Aplin To Release "English Rain" EP". drfunkenberry.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Romantic Comedy: Imbibe in Moderation". The New York Times. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Music from Parenthood S5E04". tunefind.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Joni Mitchell
Studio albums
Song to a Seagull (1968)
Clouds (1969)
Ladies of the Canyon (1970)
Blue (1971)
For the Roses (1972)
Court and Spark (1974)
The Hissing of Summer Lawns (1975)
Hejira (1976)
Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (1977)
Mingus (1979)
Wild Things Run Fast (1982)
Dog Eat Dog (1985)
Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm (1988)
Night Ride Home (1991)
Turbulent Indigo (1994)
Taming the Tiger (1998)
Both Sides Now (2000)
Travelogue (2002)
Shine (2007)
Live albums
Miles of Aisles
Shadows and Light
Amchitka, The 1970 Concert That Launched Greenpeace
Compilation albums
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Misses
The Beginning of Survival
Dreamland
Songs of a Prairie Girl
Love Has Many Faces: A Quartet, a Ballet, Waiting to Be Danced
Singles & key songs
"Both Sides, Now"
"Chelsea Morning"
"Big Yellow Taxi"
"Woodstock"
"Little Green"
"Carey"
"California"
"This Flight Tonight"
"River"
"The Last Time I Saw Richard"
"You Turn Me On, I'm a Radio"
"Help Me"
"Free Man in Paris"
"Down to You"
"Coyote"
Collaborations
"You've Got a Friend"
"You Can Close Your Eyes"
"Long Ago and Far Away"
The Last Waltz
The Wall – Live in Berlin
"Got 'til It's Gone"
River: The Joni Letters
Related articles
Discography
Albums
Songs
[show]
v
t
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James Blake
Studio albums
James Blake
Overgrown
The Colour in Anything
EPs
The Bells Sketch
CMYK
Klavierwerke
Enough Thunder
Love What Happened Here
200 Press
Singles
"Air & Lack Thereof"
"Limit to Your Love"
"The Wilhelm Scream"
"Lindisfarne / Unluck"
"Order / Pan"
"Fall Creek Boys Choir"
"A Case of You"
"Retrograde"
"Overgrown"
"Life Round Here"
"Modern Soul"
"Timeless"
"Radio Silence"
"My Willing Heart"
"I Need a Forest Fire"
Related articles
Discography
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R&S Records
A&M Records
"Forward"
[show]
v
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Prince singles
1970s
"Soft and Wet"
"Just as Long as We're Together"
"I Wanna Be Your Lover"
1980s
"Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?"
"Still Waiting"
"Sexy Dancer"
"Bambi"
"Uptown"
"Dirty Mind"
"Do It All Night"
"Controversy"
"Let's Work"
"Do Me, Baby"
"Sexuality"
"1999"
"Little Red Corvette"
"D.M.S.R."
"Delirious"
"Automatic"
"Let's Pretend We're Married"
"When Doves Cry"
"Let's Go Crazy"
"Purple Rain"
"I Would Die 4 U"
"Take Me with U"
"Paisley Park"
"Raspberry Beret"
"Pop Life"
"America"
"Kiss"
"Mountains"
"Anotherloverholenyohead"
"Girls & Boys"
"Sign "O" the Times"
"If I Was Your Girlfriend"
"U Got the Look"
"I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man"
"Alphabet St."
"Glam Slam"
"I Wish U Heaven"
"Batdance"
"Partyman"
"The Arms of Orion"
"Scandalous!"
1990s
"The Future"
"Thieves in the Temple"
"New Power Generation"
"Gett Off"
"Cream"
"Diamonds and Pearls"
"Money Don't Matter 2 Night"
"Insatiable"
"Thunder"
"Sexy MF"
"My Name Is Prince"
"7"
"Damn U"
"The Morning Papers"
"Pink Cashmere"
"Nothing Compares 2 U"
"Peach"
"Pope" (remix)
"Come"
"Letitgo"
"Space"
"The Most Beautiful Girl in the World"
"P Control"
"Dolphin"
"Endorphinmachine"
"I Hate U"
"Gold"
"Dinner with Delores"
"Betcha by Golly Wow!"
"The Holy River"
"Somebody's Somebody"
"Face Down"
"The Truth"
"Extraordinary"
"The Greatest Romance Ever Sold"
2000s
"U Make My Sun Shine" (with Angie Stone)
"When Will We B Paid?" (with Audio Stepchild)
"Supercute"
"The Work, pt. 1"
"Days of Wild"
"Musicology"
"Cinnamon Girl"
"Controversy (Live in Hawaii)"
"S.S.T."
"Te Amo Corazón"
"Black Sweat"
"Fury"
"Guitar"
"F.U.N.K."
"Dance 4 Me"
2010s
"Extraloveable"
"Rock and Roll Love Affair"
"Screwdriver"
"Fixurlifeup"
"Breakfast Can Wait"
"Pretzelbodylogic"
"Fallinlove2nite"
"Breakdown"
"Clouds"
"Baltimore"
"Hardrocklover"
"This Could B Us"
"Free Urself"
Promotional
singles
"When You Were Mine"
"D.M.S.R."
"Another Lonely Christmas"
"Erotic City"
"Hot Thing"
"Trust"
"Willing and Able"
"Nothing Compares 2 U"
"Pope"
"Love Sign" (with Nona Gaye)
"Come"
"P. Control"
"Dolphin"
"Endorphinmachine"
"Slave"
"Somebody's Somebody"
"Face Down"
"The Rest of My Life"
"5 Women"
"It's About That Walk"
"Baby Knows"
"Man'O'War"
"She Loves Me 4 Me"
"Last December"
"One Nite Alone... Live EP"
"Live at the Aladdin Las Vegas"
"Call My Name"
"The Song of the Heart"
"Beautiful, Loved & Blessed" (with Tamar Davis)
"Chelsea Rodgers"
"Future Baby Mama"
"The One U Wanna C"
"U're Gonna C Me"
Airplay-only songs
"International Lover"
"Shhh"
"Satisfied"
"Better with Time"
Internet downloads
"One Song"
"Cybersingle"
"Bataclan"
"Glass Cutter"
"Live from Paisley Park"
"Strange Relationship" (Live in Minneapolis)
"Guitar (original "demo" version)"
"Love" (acoustic version)
"Rock and Roll Love Affair" (Remix 7)
"Screwdriver" (Remix)
"Boyfriend" (Demo)
"That Girl Thang"
"Live Out Loud"
"Ain't Gonna Miss U When U're Gone"
"Extraloveable Reloaded"
"Menstrual Cycle"
"Octopus Heart"
"Groovy Potential"
"The Sweeter She Is"
"Something in the Water" (Paisley Park Rehearsal)
"Da Bourgeoisie"
"What If"
"The X's Face"
Streams
"U're Still the One"
"Xylophone"
"In a Large Room with No Light"
"Purple and Gold"
"Cause and Effect"
"Hot Summer"
"Rich Friends"
"Same Page Different Book"
"Stare"
EPs
The Beautiful Experience
1999: The New Master
Other songs
"I Feel for You"
"When You Were Mine"
"Private Joy"
"How Come U Don't Call Me Anymore?"
"17 Days"
"The Beautiful Ones"
"Computer Blue"
"Darling Nikki"
"Baby I'm a Star"
"4 the Tears in Your Eyes"
"Sometimes It Snows in April"
"Adore"
"Don't Talk 2 Strangers"
"I Can't Make U Love Me"
"La, La, La Means I Love U"
"One of Us"
"Everyday Is a Winding Road"
"A Case of U"
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SportsCentury
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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SportsCentury
Genre
Documentary
Written by
Michael Husain (11 episodes, 2001-2006)
Pat Smith (1 episode, 1999)
Michael Douglas Callan (1 episode, 2001)
Michael Strom (unknown episodes)
Directed by
Michael Husain (2 episodes, 2001-2005)
Michael Douglas Callan (1 episode, 2001)
Sean Waters (1 episode, 2006)
Presented by
Chris Fowler
Composer(s)
Geoff Zanelli (8 episodes, 2000-2003)
Gregg Lehrman (3 episodes, 2004-2005)
Robert Leslie Bennett (2 episodes, 2000-2003)
Pedro Bromfman (2 episodes, 2003-2005)
Ramón Balcázar (1 episode, 2000)
Robin Lynn (1 episode, 2000)
Charles A. Wolschon (2 episodes, 2003-2005)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
261
Production
Cinematography
Jim Grieco (87 episodes, 1999-2006)
Jared Manders (8 episodes, 2000-2005)
Doug Longwill (5 episodes, 2001-2004)
Running time
30—60 minutes
Production company(s)
ESPN
Distributor
ESPN, Inc.
Release
Original network
ESPN
Original release
1999 – 2007
Chronology
Related shows
Beyond the Glory
SportsCentury is an ESPN biography program that reviews the people and athletic events that defined sports in North America throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Using stock footage, on-camera interviews, and photographs of their athletic lives, who grew up.
In 1999, ESPN counted down the Top 50 Athletes of the 20th Century, selected from North American athletes and voted on by a panel of sports journalists and observers,[1] premiering a new biography highlighting each top athlete every week throughout the year. The episodes for the top two athletes, Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth, appeared on a special combined edition broadcast on Christmas Day on ABC. The top two names were announced in no particular order, and the final positioning was announced at the conclusion of the two episodes. An additional list of numbers 51-100 were announced on the ESPN SportsCentury website. Themed specials such as Greatest Games, Greatest Coaches, Greatest Dynasties, and Most Influential Individuals were premiered throughout the year, as well as six SportsCenter of the Decade programs.
After the initial run was complete, the episodes were rerun at various times on ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN Classic. The original plan for the series was to expand to include #51 through #100. Ultimately, the series featured just over half of the athletes from #51 to #100, and instead expanded to include over 150 other athletes, coaches, owners, personalities, and notable moments in sports history. Acknowledgements were given to athletes that were notable for more recent accomplishments, even if they spent only a small part of their career in the 20th century (e.g., Tiger Woods, Tom Brady), or were recently deceased (e.g. Pat Tillman, Dale Earnhardt). Special subsets of episodes were created revolving around a particular event, including athletes associated with the particular sport. They would typically air in the days leading up to those events. (e.g., Winter Olympics, golf majors, Indianapolis 500, etc.)
ESPN Classic began to feature the program with host, Chris Fowler, as the highlight of its weeknight prime-time programing, airing five nights a week. After cycling through the entire series several times, and after debuting several new episodes, it was removed as a nightly program. As of 2007[update], reruns of the documentary series airs Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern time. The last original program was that of Shaquille O'Neal, which aired in November 2007.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Controversy
2 Recognition
3 SportsCentury: Top 50 American Athletes of the 20th Century (Original series)
4 SportsCentury: 51-100
5 Athlete statistics
6 Additional SportsCentury episodes
6.1 Athletes
6.2 Coaches, owners, and other personalities
6.3 Games, teams, and other special episodes
7 Special episodes
7.1 SportsCentury: Greatest Games of the 20th Century
7.2 SportsCentury: Greatest Coaches of the 20th Century
7.3 SportsCentury: Greatest Dynasties
7.4 SportsCentury: Most Influential Individuals
7.5 SportsCentury: The Year in Review
8 Notes
9 Citations
10 References
Controversy[edit]
The final order of choices led to debate, some of which came from the SportsCentury camp. Bob Costas, one of the series' voters, said, "I had Babe Ruth as my number one, but I think the list they came up with was a good one. Everybody more or less deserved to be there." ESPN writer Bud Morgan conceded that the Secretariat pick "was kind of controversial because a lot of people took the attitude 'What is a four-legged animal doing on this list?'"
Tony Kornheiser, whose ballot was topped by Ruth, Muhammad Ali and Michael Jordan, said, "I can't conceive of how Ruth didn't finish number one. He had the greatest impact of anybody on a sport by far... Michael Jordan didn't have as many championships as Bill Russell and didn't score as many points as Wilt Chamberlain, and really didn't do anything to advance his sport, so maybe in retrospect I upgraded him a bit too much because the way he performed was so spectacular, and because of television I got to see highlights. They may have overpersuaded a lot of us... Did Jim Thorpe get the praise he deserved? Probably not, because there weren't enough people old enough to really remember him."
ESPN anchor Charley Steiner said "I think picking [Jordan] number one was a generational decision, not a historical one. Babe Ruth deserved it more."[3]
The list was dramatically North American-centric. Only one athlete in the Top 100 list, Martina Navratilova, was born outside of the United States or Canada. Australian cricketer Donald Bradman, "considered by many to be the pre-eminent sportsman of all time" was also omitted.[4] Bradman scored a lifetime average far in excess of average - 4.4 standard deviations above the mean, compared to Jordan's inferior 3.4 - leading to the statement that "no other athlete dominates an international sport to the extent that Bradman does cricket".[5] No soccer player was included in the rankings despite it being the world's most popular sport; Brazilian soccer player Pelé also scored further above average than did Jordan.[6] Baseball player Ty Cobb, appearing at 20 on the list, also ranked objectively above Jordan on the same ground.
Recognition[edit]
SportsCentury won a Peabody Award in 1999 "for overall excellence in sports broadcasting."[7]
SportsCentury: Top 50 American Athletes of the 20th Century (Original series)[edit]
Michael Jordan was voted no. 1
Babe Ruth was voted no. 2
Muhammad Ali was voted no. 3
Number
Athlete
Sport
1
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan Basketball
2
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth Baseball
3
Ali, MuhammadMuhammad Ali Boxing
4
Brown, JimJim Brown Football
5
Gretzky, WayneWayne Gretzky Ice hockey
6
Owens, JesseJesse Owens Track and field
7
Thorpe, JimJim Thorpe Multiple sports
8
Mays, WillieWillie Mays Baseball
9
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus Golf
10
Zaharias, BabeBabe Zaharias Multiple sports
11
Louis, JoeJoe Louis Boxing
12
Lewis, CarlCarl Lewis Track and field
13
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain Basketball
14
Aaron, HankHank Aaron Baseball
15
Robinson, JackieJackie Robinson Baseball
16
Williams, TedTed Williams Baseball
17
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson Basketball
18
Russell, BillBill Russell Basketball
19
Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova Tennis
20
Cobb, TyTy Cobb Baseball
21
Howe, GordieGordie Howe Ice hockey
22
DiMaggio, JoeJoe DiMaggio Baseball
23
Joyner-Kersee, JackieJackie Joyner-Kersee Track and field
24
Robinson, Sugar RaySugar Ray Robinson Boxing
25
Montana, JoeJoe Montana Football
26
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar Basketball
27
Rice, JerryJerry Rice Football
28
Grange, RedRed Grange Football
29
Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer Golf
30
Bird, LarryLarry Bird Basketball
31
Orr, BobbyBobby Orr Ice hockey
32
Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas Football
33
Spitz, MarkMark Spitz Swimming
34
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig Baseball
35
Secretariat, Secretariat Horse racing
36
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson Basketball
37
Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle Baseball
38
Hogan, BenBen Hogan Golf
39
Payton, WalterWalter Payton Football
40
Taylor, LawrenceLawrence Taylor Football
41
Rudolph, WilmaWilma Rudolph Track and field
42
Koufax, SandySandy Koufax Baseball
43
Erving, JuliusJulius Erving Basketball
44
Jones, BobbyBobby Jones Golf
45
Tilden, BillBill Tilden Tennis
46
Heiden, EricEric Heiden Speed skating, cycling
47
Moses, EdwinEdwin Moses Track and field
48
Sampras, PetePete Sampras Tennis
49
Simpson, O. J.O. J. Simpson Football
50
Evert, ChrisChris Evert Tennis
SportsCentury: 51-100[edit]
Mario Lemieux was voted no. 55
Pete Rose was voted no. 56 despite serving a lifetime ban from baseball.
Number
Athlete
Sport
51
Marciano, RockyRocky Marciano Boxing
52
Dempsey, JackJack Dempsey Boxing
53
Johnson, RaferRafer Johnson Track and field
54
Louganis, GregGreg Louganis Diving
55
Lemieux, MarioMario Lemieux Ice hockey
56
Rose, PetePete Rose Baseball
57
Shoemaker, BillBill Shoemaker Horse racing
58
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor Basketball
59
King, Billie JeanBillie Jean King Tennis
60
Johnson, WalterWalter Johnson Baseball
61
Musial, StanStan Musial Baseball
62
West, JerryJerry West Basketball
63
Paige, SatchelSatchel Paige Baseball
64
Baugh, SammySammy Baugh Football
65
Gibson, AltheaAlthea Gibson Tennis, golf
66
Arcaro, EddieEddie Arcaro Horse racing
67
Gibson, BobBob Gibson Baseball
68
Oerter, AlAl Oerter Track and field
69
Blair, BonnieBonnie Blair Speed skating
70
Butkus, DickDick Butkus Football
71
Clemente, RobertoRoberto Clemente Baseball
72
Jackson, BoBo Jackson Football, baseball
73
Gibson, JoshJosh Gibson Baseball
74
Sanders, DeionDeion Sanders Football, baseball
75
Marino, DanDan Marino Football
76
Sanders, BarryBarry Sanders Football
77
Young, CyCy Young Baseball
78
Mathias, BobBob Mathias Track and field
79
Sayers, GaleGale Sayers Football
80
Foyt, A. J.A. J. Foyt Auto racing
81
Connors, JimmyJimmy Connors Tennis
82
Hull, BobbyBobby Hull Ice hockey
83
Wagner, HonusHonus Wagner Baseball
84
o' War, ManMan o' War Horse racing
85
Richard, MauriceMaurice Richard Ice hockey
86
Graham, OttoOtto Graham Football
87
Armstrong, HenryHenry Armstrong Boxing
88
Namath, JoeJoe Namath Football
89
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby Baseball
90
Petty, RichardRichard Petty Auto racing
91
Beamon, BobBob Beamon Track and field
92
Andretti, MarioMario Andretti Auto racing
93
Hutson, DonDon Hutson Football
94
Cousy, BobBob Cousy Basketball
95
Blanda, GeorgeGeorge Blanda Football
96
Johnson, MichaelMichael Johnson Track and field
97
Citation, Citation Horse racing
98
Budge, DonDon Budge Tennis
99
Snead, SamSam Snead Golf
100
Johnson, JackJack Johnson Boxing
Athlete statistics[edit]
By sport
Baseball: 22
Football: 20
Track/Field: 12
Basketball: 11
Tennis: 8
Boxing: 7
Hockey: 6
Golf: 6
Horse racing: 5 (2 jockeys, 3 horses)
Auto racing: 3
Swimming / Diving: 2
Speed skating: 2
Gymnastics: 1
By gender
89 male
8 female
3 thoroughbred horses
Additional SportsCentury episodes[edit]
Athletes[edit]
Affirmed & Alydar
Andre Agassi
Lyle Alzado
Lance Armstrong
Arthur Ashe
Charles Barkley
Chuck Bednarik
Albert Belle
Johnny Bench
Yogi Berra
Moe Berg
Barry Bonds
Terry Bradshaw
Tom Brady
Kobe Bryant
Roy Campanella
Jennifer Capriati
Steve Carlton
Hurricane Carter
Rubin Carter
Roger Clemens
Cynthia Cooper
Jim Craig
John Daly
Ernie Davis
Oscar De La Hoya
Dale Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt, Jr.
Dennis Eckersley
John Elway
Brett Favre
Bob Feller
Mark Fidrych
Charlie Finley
Carlton Fisk
Peggy Fleming
Tim Flock
Curt Flood
Richmond Flowers
Doug Flutie
Cheryl Ford
George Foreman
Bevo Francis
Joe Frazier
Dan Gable
Kevin Garnett
Zina Garrison
Mark Gastineau
Frank Gifford
Jeff Gordon
Steffi Graf
Red Grange
Rocky Graziano
Hank Greenberg
Florence Griffith Joyner
Marvin Hagler
Dorothy Hamill
Mia Hamm
Connie Hawkins
Evander Holyfield
Paul Hornung
Sam Huff
Allen Iverson
Reggie Jackson
Dan Jansen
Bruce Jenner[a]
Derek Jeter
Nile Kinnick
Anna Kournikova
Michelle Kwan
Don Larsen
Sugar Ray Leonard
Ray Lewis
Eric Lindros
Sonny Liston
Nancy Lopez
Jerry Lucas
Karl Malone
Peyton Manning
Pete Maravich
Roger Maris
Billy Martin (2-part)
Pedro Martínez
Gene Mauch
Bill Mazeroski
John McEnroe
Mark McGwire
Denny McLain
Jim McMahon
Rick Mears
Phil Mickelson
Archie Moore
Randy Moss
Alonzo Mourning
Greg Norman
Shaquille O'Neal
Terrell Owens
Pele
Brian Piccolo
Jimmy Piersall
Jacques Plante
Gary Player
Jim Plunkett
Cal Ripken, Jr
Frank Robinson
Andy Roddick
Dennis Rodman
Seabiscuit
Curt Schilling
Willie Shoemaker
Emmitt Smith
Seattle Slew
Sammy Sosa
Latrell Sprewell
Bart Starr
Casey Stengel
Tony Stewart
Darryl Strawberry
Maurice Stokes
Picabo Street
Isiah Thomas
Pat Tillman
Lee Trevino
Mike Tyson
Al Unser, Sr.
Bill Vukovich
Bill Walton
Bud Wilkinson
Chris Webber
Reggie White
Jayson Williams
Venus & Serena Williams
Tyrone Willingham
Tiger Woods
Carl Yastrzemski
Sources[9][10]
Coaches, owners, and other personalities[edit]
Sparky Anderson
Red Auerbach
Bobby Bowden
Larry Brown
Bear Bryant
Al Davis
Woody Hayes
Phil Jackson
Willie Jeffries
Don King
Bob Knight
Mike Krzyzewski
Tom Landry
Vince Lombardi
Bill Parcells
Rick Pitino
Pete Rozelle
Adolph Rupp
Don Shula
Dean Smith
George Steinbrenner
Bill Veeck[11]
Dick Vermeil
John Wooden
Games, teams, and other special episodes[edit]
1972 Olympic Men's Basketball Final
1977 British Open
Game 5 of the 1997 NBA Finals ("The Flu Game")
Ball Four
Epic in Miami (Chargers vs. Dolphins)
New York Yankees
Jerry's Cowboys
Bears 46 defense
Villanova vs. Georgetown (1985 NCAA Championship)
Disciples of Jackie Robinson
1999 Ryder Cup
Special episodes[edit]
SportsCentury: Greatest Games of the 20th Century[edit]
"Greatest Games" was a top ten countdown of the best games/matches voted on from a wide variety of team and individual sports.
"The Greatest Game Ever Played" – (1958 NFL Championship): Baltimore Colts vs. New York Giants (1958)
The Shot Heard 'Round the World – Bobby Thomson's home run (1951)
Super Bowl III – New York Jets defeat Baltimore Colts (1969)
Miracle on Ice – U.S.A defeats U.S.S.R. (1980)
"Thrilla in Manila" – Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier (1975)
"Ice Bowl" – Green Bay vs. Dallas (1967)
Game 6 of the 1975 World Series – Carlton Fisk's home run (1975)
Tiger Woods wins the Masters (1997)
Willis Reed and Knicks beat Lakers in Game 7 (1970)
Borg-McEnroe Wimbledon thriller (1980)
SportsCentury: Greatest Coaches of the 20th Century[edit]
"Greatest Coaches" was a top ten countdown of the best coaches voted on from a wide variety of team sports.
Vince Lombardi
John Wooden
Red Auerbach
Dean Smith
Phil Jackson
John McGraw
George Halas
Don Shula
Paul Brown
Knute Rockne
SportsCentury: Greatest Dynasties[edit]
New York Yankees
Boston Celtics
Montréal Canadiens
John Wooden's UCLA Bruins (1960s and 1970s)
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team (1946-1949)
Dallas Cowboys (1990s)
Atlanta Braves (1990s)
Chicago Bulls (1990s)
San Francisco 49ers (1980s)
SportsCentury: Most Influential Individuals[edit]
Another top ten countdown special, focusing on influential figures in sports during the twentieth century, namely off-the-field contributors.
Branch Rickey
Pete Rozelle
Roone Arledge
Marvin Miller
Kenesaw Mountain Landis
David Stern
Avery Brundage
Walter O'Malley
George Halas
Mark McCormack
SportsCentury: The Year in Review[edit]
1980 Year in Review
1981 Year in Review
1982 Year in Review
1983 Year in Review
1984 Year in Review
1985 Year in Review
1986 Year in Review
1987 Year in Review
1988 Year in Review
1989 Year in Review
1990 Year in Review
1991 Year in Review
1992 Year in Review
1993 Year in Review
1994 Year in Review
1995 Year in Review
1996 Year in Review
1997 Year in Review
1998 Year in Review
1999 Year in Review
2000 Year in Review
2001 Year in Review
Also included in the overall production was "SportsCenter of the Decade", a series of six two-hour programs (1900-1949, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s). Each episode was presented as a fictional episode of SportsCenter, in the way ESPN would have covered the events at the time (styles, studio/production design, and other various pop culture references).[12]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Jenner changed his first name to Caitlyn due to gender transition in 2015.[8]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ https://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016538.html
Jump up ^ "SportsCentury Episode list". TV Guide. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Miller, James and Shales, Tom, Those Guys Have All the Fun, Little Brown & Co., 2011, pgs. 420-422
Jump up ^ Adams, Kathleen; et al. (4 March 2001). "Milestones". Time. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
Jump up ^ Hutchins, Brett (2002). Don Bradman: Challenging the Myth. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-521-82384-6.
Jump up ^ Shaw, John (27 February 2001). "Sir Donald Bradman, 92, Cricket Legend, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
Jump up ^ 59th Annual Peabody Awards, May 2000.
Jump up ^ Buzz Bissinger (June 1, 2015). "Introducing Caitlyn Jenner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0281438/episodes?ref_=tt_ql_6
Jump up ^ http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/sportscentury/episodes/191786
Jump up ^ http://mediaburn.org/video/sports-century-bill-veeck/
Jump up ^ http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016485.html
References[edit]
ESPN SportsCentury - Official Site
SportsCentury on IMDb
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