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Kenny McCormick
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Kenny McCormick/Mysterion
South Park character
First appearance
Jesus vs. Frosty (short)
"Cartman Gets an Anal Probe" (South Park)
Created by
Trey Parker
Matt Stone
Voiced by
Matt Stone (muffled)
Eric Stough (un-muffled)
Mike Judge (un-muffled in film)
Information
Full name
Kenneth McCormick
Aliases
Mysterion
Princess Kenny
Lady McCormick
El Pollo Loco
Occupation
Student
Family
Carol McCormick (mother)
Stuart McCormick (father)
Kevin McCormick (brother)
Karen McCormick (sister)
Religion
Christianity
Nationality
American
Residence
South Park, Colorado
Kenneth "Kenny" McCormick[1] is a main character in the animated adult television series South Park, along with his friends Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, and Eric Cartman. His oft-muffled and indiscernible speech—the result of his parka hood covering his mouth—is provided by co-creator Matt Stone. He debuted on television when South Park first aired on August 13, 1997, after having first appeared in The Spirit of Christmas shorts created by Stone and long-time collaborator Trey Parker in 1992 (Jesus vs. Frosty) and 1995 (Jesus vs. Santa).
Kenny is a third, later fourth-grade student who commonly has extraordinary experiences not typical of conventional small-town life in his hometown of South Park, Colorado, where he lives with his impoverished family. Kenny is animated by computer to look as he did in the show's original method of cutout animation. He also appears in the 1999 full-length feature film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, in which his true appearance and voice was first revealed, and various South Park merchandise.
In a running gag most prevalent during the first five seasons of the series, Kenny would suffer an excruciating death before returning alive and well in the next episode with little or no definitive explanation given. Stan would frequently use the catchphrase "Oh my God! They killed Kenny!", followed by Kyle exclaiming "...You bastards!" Media commentators have published their interpretations of the many aspects of the running gag from philosophical and societal viewpoints. Since the show began its sixth season in 2002, the practice of killing Kenny has been seldom used by the show's creators. Various episodes have set up the gag, sometimes presenting a number of explanations for Kenny's unacknowledged reappearances.
Contents
[hide]
1 Role in South Park
2 Deaths
3 Character
3.1 Creation and design
3.2 Personality and traits
4 Cultural impact
5 In other media
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Role in South Park
Kenny attends South Park Elementary as part of Mr. Garrison's fourth grade class. During the first 58 episodes, Kenny and the other main child characters were in the third grade. Kenny comes from a poor household, presided over by his violent, alcoholic, unemployed father, Stuart McCormick. His mother Carol McCormick has a job washing dishes at the Olive Garden.[2] Kenny has an older brother named Kevin. He also has a younger sister who is shown with his family in the season nine episode "Best Friends Forever", but does not make another appearance until the 15th season episode "The Poor Kid", in which her name is revealed to be Karen, whom he loves unconditionally. Kenny is friends with Stan and Kyle. Kenny is regularly teased for living in poverty, particularly by Cartman.[3]
Kenny's superhero alter ego, Mysterion, first appeared in the Season 13 episode "The Coon",[4] as a rival to Eric Cartman's eponymous superhero alter ego. He unmasks himself at the end of the episode, but his identity is left intentionally ambiguous. He is not revealed to be Kenny until the Season 14 episode "Mysterion Rises",[5] the character's third appearance as part of a story arc.
Deaths
Prior to season six, Kenny died in almost every episode.[note 1] The nature of the deaths were often gruesome and portrayed in a comically absurd fashion,[6] and usually followed by Stan and Kyle respectively yelling "Oh my God! They killed Kenny!" and "You bastards!"[7] Shortly afterward, rats would commonly appear and begin picking at his corpse.[8] In a following episode, Kenny would reappear alive and well, usually without any explanation. Most characters appear oblivious or indifferent to the phenomenon, although occasionally one will acknowledge an awareness of it.[9] In "Cherokee Hair Tampons", Kenny gets irritated and offended when Stan laments Kyle's critical condition while utterly ignoring Kenny's past demises. Eric Cartman commented on Kenny's deaths in the episode "Cartmanland", when he is being sued for unsafe rides insisting to attorneys representing his family that "Kenny dies all the time!"
Near the end of the production run of the show's fifth season, Parker and Stone contemplated having an episode in which Kenny was killed off permanently. The reasoning behind the idea was to genuinely surprise fans, and to allow an opportunity to provide a major role for Butters Stotch, a breakout character whose popularity was growing with the viewers and creators of the show.[10] In the episode "Kenny Dies", Kenny dies after developing terminal muscular dystrophy,[11] while Parker and Stone claimed that Kenny would not be returning in subsequent episodes. The duo insisted they grew tired of upholding the tradition of having Kenny die in each episode.[12] Stone stated that thinking of humorous ways to kill the character was initially fun, but became more mundane as the series progressed.[11] When they determined that it would be too difficult to develop the character because he was too much of a "prop", Parker and Stone finally decided to kill off Kenny permanently.[7][13]
["Kenny Dies"] was the one episode where [all the characters] cared [he was dying] for once. After that, we said, 'Why doesn't he just stay dead?' And it was like, 'Okay, let's just do that.' It was that easy of a decision. I think a lot of people probably haven't noticed. I couldn't care less. I am so sick of that character.
—Matt Stone, from a 2002 article in the Knoxville News-Sentinel[11]
For much of season six, Kenny remained dead, though both Stone and Parker entertained the idea of eventually bringing the character back.[13] According to Stone, only a small minority of fans were significantly angered by Kenny's absence to threaten a boycott of the cable channel Comedy Central, on which South Park is aired.[7] For most of the season, Stan, Kyle, and Cartman fill the void left by Kenny by allowing the characters Butters Stotch and Tweek Tweak into their group, paving the way for those characters to receive more focus on the show.[13][14] Nevertheless, Kenny returned from the year-long absence in the season six finale "Red Sleigh Down", has remained a main character since, and has been given larger roles in episodes.[15] His character no longer dies each week, and has only been killed occasionally in episodes following his return.
The first explanation given for Kenny's deaths and reappearances was given in "Cartman Joins NAMBLA", wherein the McCormicks have a baby exactly like Kenny, including the characteristic orange parka, shortly after the former Kenny dies. Mr. McCormick exclaims, "God, this must be the fiftieth time this has happened", to which Mrs. McCormick quickly replies, "Fifty-second". This explanation is expanded upon in the Season 14 episodes "Coon 2: Hindsight", "Mysterion Rises" and "Coon vs. Coon and Friends", in which Kenny, while playing superheroes with his friends, claims his "super power" is immortality. He actually dies several times during these episodes—even committing suicide more than once—reawakening alive and unharmed in his bed each time. He is frustrated and angry that no one can remember him dying every time he regenerates, and longs to know the source of his power, which he views as a curse. Unbeknownst to him, his parents were previously connected to a Cthulhu-worshipping death cult. After Kenny shoots himself the second time, Mrs. McCormick awakes with a scream, shrieks "It's happening again!", and minutes later, is shown gently placing a newborn Kenny in his bed. "We should never have gone to that stupid cult meeting," she grouses as she and her husband return to bed.
Character
Creation and design
Kenny's entire face was revealed for the first time in South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut.
When developing the character, the show's creators had observed that most groups of childhood friends in small middle-class towns always included "the one poor kid" and decided to portray Kenny in this light.[16]
An unnamed precursor to Kenny first appeared in the first The Spirit of Christmas short, dubbed Jesus vs. Frosty, created by Parker and Stone in 1992 while they were students at the University of Colorado. The character was composed of construction paper cutouts and animated through the use of stop motion.[17] When tasked three years later by friend Brian Graden to create another short as a video Christmas card that he could send to friends, Parker and Stone created another similarly-animated The Spirit of Christmas short, dubbed Jesus vs. Santa.[18][19] In this short, Kenny is given his first name, and first appears as he does in the series. Kenny next appeared on August 13, 1997, when South Park debuted on Comedy Central with the episode "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe".
In tradition with the show's animation style, Kenny is composed of simple geometrical shapes and primary colors.[9][17] He is not offered the same free range of motion associated with hand-drawn characters; his character is mostly shown from only one angle, and his movements are animated in an intentionally jerky fashion.[9][17][20] Ever since the show's second episode, "Weight Gain 4000" (season one, 1997), Kenny, like all other characters on the show, has been animated with computer software, though he is portrayed to give the impression that the show still utilizes its original technique.[17]
Kenny/Mysterion unmasked at the end of "The Coon". Originally intended to have been a generic, unnamed classmate of the main characters, he was revealed to be Kenny in "Mysterion Rises".
The effect of Kenny's speech is achieved by Stone mumbling into his own hand as he provides Kenny's lines,[17] while the recorded audio is then edited with Pro Tools, and the pitch is altered to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader.[21][22] As the technique of Kenny's muzzled enunciation frequently implies, many of his lines are indeed profane and sexually explicit, the lengthier of which are mostly improvised by Stone.[17]
He first appeared unobscured by his hood in South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, where it was revealed that he had messy golden hair. In a cameo appearance during this moment in the film, Mike Judge provided the voice for Kenny's one line of uninsulated dialogue: "Goodbye, you guys."[23] On a few occasions during episodes that have originally aired since the film's release, he has been seen without the parka;[note 2] however, unlike in Bigger, Longer & Uncut his entire face has been only seen once in the television series without being partially obscured or otherwise altered, this being in "The Losing Edge". He also speaks unmuffled during some of these instances, in which case co-producer Eric Stough provides Kenny's voice.[23] During "The Coon" episodes of seasons 13 and 14, Kenny has his first major speaking role as the character Mysterion.
Personality and traits
While most child characters on the show are foul-mouthed, Kenny is often even more risqué with his dialogue.[24] Parker and Stone state that they depict Kenny and his friends in this manner in order to display how young boys really talk when they are alone.[9][25] While Kenny is often cynical and profane, Parker notes that there nonetheless is an "underlying sweetness" aspect to the character,[26] and Time magazine described Kenny and his friends as "sometimes cruel but with a core of innocence".[27] He is amused by toilet humor and bodily functions,[27] and his favorite television personalities are Terrance and Phillip, a Canadian duo whose comedy routines on their show-within-the-show revolve substantially around fart jokes. Kenny is shown to desire intercourse in the episode "The Ring", when Kenny gets a girlfriend and is overjoyed to find out that she has a reputation as a slut. Kenny is also lecherous,[3] and often portrayed as being eager to do and say disgusting things in an attempt to impress others or earn money.[16] Conversely, his alter-ego Mysterion is seemingly mature, principled, and serious-minded, the only exception being one instance in "Mysterion Rises" in which he takes delight in irritating Cartman. As Mysterion he convinces his parents to take better care of themselves and their children, as seen by their reaction when he questions them about the cult of Cthulhu. He also uses his disguise to protect his sister Karen (who refers to Mysterion as her "guardian angel"), as revealed in "The Poor Kid." Despite his character flaws in all of his guises Kenny is usually depicted as being uncommonly selfless, even dying for the sake of others.
In the trilogy of episodes "Black Friday", "A Song of Ass and Fire" and "Titties and Dragons", in which the boys play-act characters from the TV series Game of Thrones, Kenny cross-dresses as a fantasy-style princess with a wig and dress similar to the video game character Princess Zelda, and becomes a Japanese-speaking moe anime character at one point. When Cartman complains, "You're never going to be a real princess", Princess Kenny responds (via her translator, Stan) angrily to Cartman, calling him a "ball-licking lesbian".
This portrayal continues in the video game South Park: The Stick of Truth where Cartman notes that playing a "chick" is "just how [Kenny] seems to be rolling right now". Kenny's sister also talks about Kenny as if he was a girl, if you talk to her in the McCormick house. Throughout the game, Kenny posts 'status updates' referring to himself as "the cutest of them all" and refers to himself as a girl.
Cultural impact
Kenny's deaths are well known in popular culture,[7] and was one of the things viewers most commonly associated with South Park during its earlier seasons.[28] The exclamation of "Oh my God! They killed Kenny!" quickly became a popular catchphrase,[11][27] while both Kenny and the phrase have appeared on some of the more popular pieces of South Park merchandise,[7] including shirts, bumper stickers, calendars and baseball caps,[3] and inspired the rap song "Kenny's Dead" by Master P,[7] which was featured on Chef Aid: The South Park Album.
The running gag of Kenny's deaths in earlier seasons was incorporated into the season 9 (2005) episode "Best Friends Forever" when Kenny, in a vegetative state, is kept alive by a feeding tube while a media circus erupted over whether the tube should be removed and allow Kenny to die. The episode received much attention as it served to provide commentary on the Terri Schiavo case,[29][30] originally airing just one day before Schiavo died.[31] The episode earned South Park its first Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program.[32]
Kenny's deaths have been subject to much critical analysis in the media and literary world. In the book South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating, an essay by Southern Illinois University philosophy professor Dr. Randall Auxier, entitled "Killing Kenny: Our Daily Dose of Death", suggests that the fashion of the recurring gag serves to help the viewer become more comfortable with the inevitability of their own death.[33][34] In the book South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point professor Karin Fry wrote an essay concerning the parallels between Kenny's role in the show and the different concepts of existentialism.[35]
When Sophie Rutschmann of the University of Strasbourg discovered a mutated gene that causes an adult fruit fly to die within two days after it is infected with certain bacteria, she named the gene "Kenny" in honor of the character.[36]
In other media
Kenny had a major role in South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut,[37] the full-length film based on the series, and appeared on the film's soundtrack singing (albeit muffled) several lines of the song "Mountain Town" from the film.[38] As a tribute to the Dead Parrot sketch, a short that features Kenny as a "dead friend" being returned by Cartman to a shop run by Kyle aired during a 1999 BBC television special commemorating the 30th anniversary of Monty Python's Flying Circus.[39] Kenny was also featured in the documentary film The Aristocrats, listening to Cartman tell his version of the film's titular joke,[40] and in "The Gauntlet", a short spoofing both Gladiator and Battlefield Earth that aired during the 2000 MTV Movie Awards.[41][42]
Kenny also appears in five South Park-related video games: In South Park, Kenny is controlled by the player through the first person shooter mode who attempts to ward off enemies from terrorizing the town of South Park.[43] In South Park: Chef's Luv Shack, a user has the option of playing as Kenny when participating in the game's several "minigames" based on other popular arcade games.[44] In the racing game South Park Rally, a user can race as Kenny against other users playing as other characters, while choosing to place him in any of a variety of vehicles.[45] In South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!, Kenny can be selected as a playable character used to establish a tower defense against the game's antagonists.[46] In South Park: The Stick of Truth, Kenny can be selected as a companion over the course of much of the game.
Notes
Jump up ^ Exceptions include "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo", and "Fat Camp". He also seems to die (but turns out to be alive) in some episodes, including "Rainforest Shmainforest" and the two-part episode "Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" / "Probably".
Jump up ^ Including "The Tooth Fairy Tats 2000", "Super Best Friends", "Lil' Crime Stoppers", "The Jeffersons", "Good Times with Weapons", "The Losing Edge", "South Park Is Gay!", "Lice Capades", "Margaritaville", "W.T.F.", "Pee", and "You're Getting Old".
References
Jump up ^ "Love South Park. – FAQ". South Park Studios. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
Jump up ^ "Kenny McCormick". South Park Studios. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sylvia Rubin (1998-01-26). "TV 's Foul-Mouthed Funnies". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Fickett, Travis (March 19, 2009). "South Park: "The Coon" Review". IGN. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ramsey Isler (November 4, 2010). "South Park: "Mysterion Rises" Review. Mysterion is not so mysterious anymore.". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ Devin Leonard (2006-10-27). "'South Park' creators haven't lost their edge". CNN. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Don Kaplan (2002-04-08). "South Park Won't Kill Kenny Anymore". New York Post. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Bill Carter (1997-11-10). "Comedy Central makes the most of an irreverent, and profitable, new cartoon hit". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Abbie Bernstein (1998-10-27). "South Park – Volume 2". AVRev.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-15. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
Jump up ^ Trey Parker, Matt Stone (2003). South Park" – The Complete Fifth Season (DVD). Comedy Central. Mini-commentary for episode "Kenny Dies"
^ Jump up to: a b c d "South Park’s Kenny R.I.P.". Buzzle.com. 2002-04-09. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Jaime J. Weinman (2008-03-12). "South Park grows up". Macleans.ca. Archived from the original on 2009-07-19. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c Page 2 Staff (2002-03-13). "Matt Stone". ESPN. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Alyson Brodsy and Mark Perlman-Price (2005-10-20). "A season without Kenny". Indiana Daily Student. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Semigram, Aly. "'South Park' tries to go for laughs with the Penn State scandal". Entertainment Weekly. November 17, 2011
^ Jump up to: a b Trey Parker, Matt Stone. Goin' Down to South Park (Television documentary). Comedy Central.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Matt Cheplic (1998-05-01). "'As Crappy As Possible': The Method Behind the Madness of South Park". Penton Media. Archived from the original on 2009-03-29. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Brian Graden's Bio". VH1.com. Archived from the original on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Brian Graden Biography". Advameg, Inc. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
Jump up ^ Jaime J. Weinman (2008-03-12). "South Park grows up". Mac leans.ca. Archived from the original on 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
Jump up ^ "South Park FAQ". South Park Studios. 2009-02-10. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
Jump up ^ "40 Questions". South Park Studios. 2001-10-04. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "FAQ: In 'Meet the Jeffersons' and in BLU Kenny's voice can be heard without it being muffled by his hood. But the voice in the movie sounds different from the episode!! Was it done by two different people?? If so why and who did the voice?". South Park Studios. June 24, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cartman top with kids". BBC. 1999-08-26. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Jake Trapper and Dan Morris (2006-09-22). "Secrets of 'South Park'". ABC News. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
Jump up ^ Frazier Moore (2006-12-14). "Loud and lewd but sweet underneath". The Age. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jeffrey Ressner and James Collins (1998-03-23). "Gross And Grosser". Time. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Word, Charged Find a Savior". Wired.com. 1998-04-27. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
Jump up ^ Wyatt Mason (2006-09-17). "My Satirical Self". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Melanie McFarland (2006-10-02). "Social satire keeps 'South Park' fans coming back for a gasp, and a laugh". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
Jump up ^ Kate Aurthur (2005-04-02). "'South Park' Echoes the Schiavo Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Terry Morrow (2005-10-23). "‘South Park’ outlives creators’ expectations". Scripps Howard News Service. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Staff (2007-02-05). "Philosophy Speaker Presents "Killing Kenny: Our Daily Dose of Death"". GMC Journal. Green Mountain College. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
Jump up ^ Marchetto, Sean (2007-12-06). "Just killing Kenny or ontological boredom?". Fast Forward Weekly. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
Jump up ^ Arp, Robert (Editor); Fry, Karin (2006-12-01). South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today. Blackwell Publishing (The Blackwell Philosophy & Pop Culture Series). pp. 77–86. ISBN 978-1-4051-6160-2. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Thomas H. Maugh II (2002-08-05). "Playing the Name Game". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Pulver, Andrew (1999-08-27). "South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Various – Music From And Inspired By The Motion Picture South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut". www.discogs.com. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
Jump up ^ "News – Pythons cut train crash from funny show". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
Jump up ^ "HBO Documentary Films: The Aristocrats". HBO. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
Jump up ^ Ortega, Tony (2001-09-27). "Sympathy For The Devil: Tory Bezazian was a veteran Scientologist who loved going after church critics. Until she met the darkest detractor of all.". New Times Los Angeles.
Jump up ^ Trey Parker, Matt Stone (2000). The Gauntlet (Television special). MTV, Comedy Central. Short that aired during the 2000 MTV Movie Awards
Jump up ^ Baker, Christopher Michael. "South Park – Overview". Allgame. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
Jump up ^ "Review: South Park: Chef's Luv Shack". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2007. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
Jump up ^ "South Park Rally Preview". IGN. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
Jump up ^ Brudvig, Erik (2009-10-06). "South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play Review". IGN Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to: South Park
Kenny McCormick on SouthParkStudios.com
Kenny McCormick on IMDb
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text:
Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Israel at the
2018 Winter Olympics
Flag of Israel
IOC code
ISR
NOC
Olympic Committee of Israel
Website
www.olympicsil.co.il
in Pyeongchang, South Korea
9–25 February 2018
Competitors
10 (7 men and 3 women) in 4 sports and 10 events
Flag bearer (opening)
Oleksii Bychenko[1]
Flag bearer (closing)
Itamar Biran
Medals
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
0 0 0 0
Winter Olympics appearances (overview)
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Israel competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with ten competitors in four sports.
Contents
[hide]
1 Competitors
2 Alpine skiing
3 Figure skating
4 Short track speed skating
5 Skeleton
6 References
Competitors[edit]
The following is a list of the number of Israeli competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.[2]
Sport
Men
Women
Total
Alpine skiing 1 0 1
Figure skating 4 3 7
Short track speed skating 1 0 1
Skeleton 1 0 1
Total
7
3
10
Alpine skiing[edit]
Main articles: Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Israel qualified one male alpine skier.[3]
Athlete
Event
Run 1
Run 2
Total
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Itamar Biran Men's giant slalom 1:17.52 58 1:16.19 45 2:33.71 49
Men's slalom DNF
Figure skating[edit]
Main articles: Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Daniel Samohin
In the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki, Finland, Oleksii Bychenko finished in 10th place with 245.96 points, and earned two quota places for the Israeli delegation in the men’s event. Isabella Tobias and Ilia Tkachenko finished in 12th place with 162.67 points, and earned one quota place in the ice dancing event.[4][5][6]
In the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy in Oberstdorf, Germany, Evgeni Krasnopolski and Paige Conners finished in 8th place with 171.61 points and earned one quota place in the Pairs event.[7][8]
Bychenko and Daniel Samohin competed in the Men's singles event. Krasnopolski and Conners competed in the Pairs event. In Ice Dancing, Ronald Zilberberg and Adel Tankova represented Israel after Tkachenko’s requests for Israeli citizenship was denied.[9] Aimee Buchanan participated in the Team event in the Ladies contest, after Israel ranked among the top ten countries.[10][11]
Singles
Athlete
Event
SP/SD
FS/FD
Total
Points
Rank
Points
Rank
Points
Rank
Oleksii Bychenko Men's singles 84.13 13 Q 172.88 9 257.01 11
Daniel Samohin 80.69 18 Q 170.75 11 251.44 13
Paige Conners / Evgeni Krasnopolski Pairs 60.35 19 Did not advance
Adel Tankova / Ronald Zilberberg Ice dancing 46.66 24 Did not advance
Team event
Athlete
Event
Short program/Short dance
Free skate/Free dance
Men's
Ladies'
Pairs
Ice dance
Total
Rank
Men's
Ladies'
Pairs
Ice dance
Total
Rank
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Oleksii Bychenko (M)
Aimee Buchanan (L)
Paige Conners / Evgeni Krasnopolski (P)
Adel Tankova / Ronald Zilberberg (ID) Team event 88.49
9 46.30
1 54.47
2 44.61
1 13 8 Did not advance
Short track speed skating[edit]
Main articles: Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Israel won a quota after Vladislav Bykanov participated at 2017–18 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup Competitions.[12]
Athlete
Event
Heat
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Final
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Vladislav Bykanov Men's 500 m 47.177 4 Did not advance
Men's 1000 m PEN Did not advance
Men's 1500 m PEN N/A Did not advance
Qualification legend: ADV – Advanced due to being impeded by another skater; FA – Qualify to medal round; FB – Qualify to consolation round; AA – Advance to medal round due to being impeded by another skater
Skeleton[edit]
Main articles: Skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Adam Edelman earned a spot for Israel through reallocation.[13][14][15]
Athlete
Event
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Total
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Adam Edelman Men's 52.48 28 52.43 28 52.35 28 Eliminated 2:37.26 28
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Opening Ceremony Flagbearers - Olympic Winter Games, PyeongChang 2018" (PDF). olympic.org. International Olympic Committee (IOC). 9 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Sinai, Allon (19 January 2018). "BLUE-AND-WHITE delegation Pyeongchang reaches 10 athletes". The Jerusalem Post.
Jump up ^ "Alpine Skiing Quota List for Olympic Games 2018". www.data.fis-ski.com/. International Ski Federation (FIS). 12 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Sinai, Allon (2 April 2017). "Israeli figure skater Bychenko notches 10th place at Worlds". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Reuters (1 April 2017). "Figure Skating-World championships ice dance results". The Economic Times. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Figure Skating Quota places for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games 2018". International Skating Union. 4 April 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ISU CS Nebelhorn Trophy 2017 - Pairs - Final Results". International Skating Union. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "N. Korean figure skating pair qualifies for PyeongChang 2018". Yonhap News Agency. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Sinai, Allon (22 November 2017). "Israeli athletes set to don gloves for Winter Olympics". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 qualified Teams for the Team Event". www.isu.org/. International Skating Union (ISU). 14 December 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Young Shin, Kim (12 January 2018). "10 countries qualify for PyeongChang figure skating team event". Korea.net. Government of South Korea. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "XXI II Olympic Winter Games 2018 PyeongChang: Qualified quota places Short Track Speed Skating". International Skating Union (ISU). 23 November 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Press. "IBSF athletes from 30 nations compete at PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games". www.ibsf.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (14 January 2018). "Quota Allocation PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 2018 - Men´s Skeleton - IBSF 14 January 2018" (PDF). Retrieved 18 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Blue-and-white delegation Pyeongchang reaches 10 athletes". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
[show]
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Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea
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Europe
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[show]
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2016
Winter Olympic Games
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Israel did not participate in 1980 due to a boycott.
[show]
v
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Multi-sport events
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text:
Ys (series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Ys (video game)" redirects here. For the first game in the series, see Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ys
Genres
Action role-playing game
Developer(s)
Nihon Falcom
Publisher(s)
Nihon Falcom
Creator(s)
Masaya Hashimoto
Tomoyoshi Miyazaki
Composer(s)
Falcom Sound Team jdk
Platforms
NEC PC-8801, Sharp X1, MSX2, FM-7, NEC PC-9801, Sharp X68000, Master System, Sega Genesis, Sega Saturn, Famicom, NES, Nintendo DS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, TurboGrafx-CD, IIGS, Mobile phone, Super NES, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One
Platform of origin
NEC PC-8801
First release
Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished
June 21, 1987
Latest release
Ys VIII: Lacrimosa of Dana
July 21, 2016
Ys (イース, Īsu, IPA: [iːsɯ]) (/ˈiːs/) is a series of Japanese role-playing video games produced by Nihon Falcom.[1] The first game in the series, Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished, was released on the NEC PC-8801 in 1987.[2] Ys is considered to be the company's flagship franchise.
Ys games have also appeared on the Sharp X1, MSX2, FM-7, NEC PC-9801, Sharp X68000, Master System, Sega Genesis, Sega Saturn, Famicom, NES, Nintendo DS, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, TurboGrafx-CD, IIGS, Mobile phone, Super NES, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch.
Contents
[hide]
1 Common elements
1.1 Plot
1.2 Gameplay
2 Games
2.1 English releases
2.2 MMORPG
3 Animation
4 Music
5 References
6 External links
Common elements[edit]
Plot[edit]
The Ys series chronicles the adventures of Adol Christin, a young man with a zest for adventure and an uncanny knack for being in the right place at the right time. Gameplay usually revolves around Adol, though his comrade, Dogi, is a frequent companion in his travels. Thus far, Adol has visited the regions of Esteria, Ys, Celceta, Felghana, Xandria, the Canaan Islands, and Altago.
The Darm Tower & The Tower of Rado
A feature of the early Ys games is the Darm Tower (or Dahm Tower in some translations). In the story, it is an unfinished and deserted tower, built with the intention of touching the sky. The tower houses a small annex, titled "the Tower of Rado" (or simply "Rado's Annex"[3]) three quarters of the way up. According to in-game lore, the normally immortal ancient Ys aged because humans overused the magic power of an ancient artifact, known as the Black Pearl. The result of this misuse was evil magical energy bringing forth millions of cruel demons. The people of Ys fled to the Palace of Solomon and used the Black Pearl to lift the palace into the sky, creating a safe haven. The demons, focused on controlling the Black Pearl for their own intentions, began building the Darm Tower, day and night, attempting to connect to the Palace of Solomon with their construction. As in-game-events transpired, however, the demons' efforts were thwarted.
Later games feature a variety of plots but frequently begin with a shipwreck. A stranded Adol then gets involved in the new area's events and adventure ensues.
Gameplay[edit]
In early games, the player uses only the directional pad to fight. The player must run Adol into enemies, hitting them on the side, back or slightly off-center of the front. This was created with accessibility in mind; while other RPGs at the time had either turn-based combat or a manually activated sword, Ys had Adol automatically attack when walking into enemies. While most Ys titles do not use the 'bump attack' system, it has become one of the series' defining features.[4]Falcom staff have compared this style of gameplay to the enjoyment of popping air bubble sheets, in the sense that it took the tedious task of level-grinding and turned it into something similar to a high-score-based arcade game. According to GamesTM and John Szczepaniak (of Retro Gamer and The Escapist), "Repetition of the act was pleasurable as you developed a psychological rhythm and, even in the event of backtracking, progress was always swift since the player never needed to stop moving."[2]
A feature that has been used in nearly every Ys title is the recharging health[5] [6] mechanism, which had previously only been used in the Hydlide series. Recharging health has since become a common mechanism used in many video games today.[7][8]
Ys II introduced magic spells to the series (e.g. shooting fireballs), and the ability to transform into a monster, which allows the player to both scare human non-player characters for unique dialogues, and interact with non-boss monsters.
Ys III: Wanderers from Ys adopted side-scrolling action-adventure gameplay, similar to Falcom's own Dragon Slayer series and Nintendo's Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, with an attack button and a variety of different attacks.
Ys IV: Mask of the Sun returned to the original control scheme.
Ys V: Kefin, the Lost City of Sand uses a top-down viewpoint and requires the player to press buttons to attack or defend with a shield.
Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim graphically departed from its predecessors, using a mix of three-dimensional graphics and sprites. Gameplay is hack and slash generally without the ability to actively block. Ys: The Oath in Felghana and Ys: Origin share this gameplay style.
Ys Seven reintroduces the ability to actively block, introduces skills, introduces stun meters for enemies, introduces weapon types, introduces super combos known as EXTRA skills, and introduces the ability to parry hits from attacks with a flash guard system. Failed flash guards result in the player character taking extra damage compared to failing to defend at all. Memories of Celceta introduces a flash dodge where a player character dodges just before a hit. A successful flash dodge results in time slowing down for the enemy whose attack was just avoided.
Games[edit]
Further information: List of Ys media
Timeline of release years
1987 Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished
1988 Ys II: Ancient Ys Vanished – The Final Chapter
1989 Ys III: Wanderers from Ys
Ys I & II
1990
1991
1992
1993 Ys IV: Mask of the Sun
Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys
1994
1995 Ys V: Lost Kefin, Kingdom of Sand
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim
2004
2005 Ys: The Oath in Felghana
2006 Ys Strategy
Ys Origin
2007 Ys Online: The Call of Solum
2008
2009 Ys Seven
2010 Ys vs. Sora no Kiseki: Alternative Saga
2011
2012 Ys: Memories of Celceta
2013
2014
2015
2016 Ys VIII: Lacrimosa of Dana
The Ys series has its roots in the Japanese computer system NEC PC-8801. Each of the first three games was released on that platform first. Ports of the games to console platforms have usually been handled by various other licensee companies, such as Hudson Soft, Tonkin House and Konami. In terms of the number of game releases, the Ys series is second only to Final Fantasy as the largest Eastern role-playing game franchise, as of 2011.[7]
The first two games in the series were originally intended as a single game, but the creators Masaya Hashimoto and Tomoyoshi Miyazaki eventually decided to split it into two separate games: Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished – Omen (1987) and Ys II: Ancient Ys Vanished – The Final Chapter (1988).[2] They were later re-released together in the enhanced remake Ys I & II (1989).[9] It was one of the first video games to use CD-ROM, which was utilized to provide enhanced graphics, animated cutscenes,[10] a Red Book CD-DA soundtrack,[9] and voice acting.[9][10] Its English localization was also one of the first to use voice dubbing. The game received the Game of the Year award from OMNI Magazine in 1990, as well as many other awards.[10] The Sharp X68000 remake of Ys I released in 1991 was notable for its early use of 3D pre-rendering for the boss sprites.[11] An MS-DOS remake called Ys II Special was also released exclusively for the South Korean market in 1994; it was a mash-up of Ys II with the anime Ys II: Castle in the Heavens (1992) along with a large amount of new content.[11][12]
After completing Ys III: Wanderers from Ys (1989), Hashimoto and Miyazaki left Nihon Falcom and founded Quintet.[9] Two versions of the fourth game were released, and Falcom licensed both versions out: the Super Famicom version to Tonkin House (who had handled the Super NES port for Ys III), titled Ys IV: Mask of the Sun; and the PC Engine CD version to Hudson Soft (who had ported all three previous games to that platform), titled Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys. Hudson Soft took certain liberties with the game, and as a result, it is very different from Mask of the Sun. They share the same setting, cast, and much of the basic plot, but the actual structure of the story plays out in a completely different manner, as do the game's levels and enemies. Mask of the Sun is the official continuation of the series, while Falcom have deemed The Dawn of Ys to be essentially an "alternate universe" take on the events in Celceta. A PS2 remake of Mask of the Sun was released in May 2005, further subtitled "A New Theory".
Falcom released Ys V as a Super Famicom exclusive. A standalone title, it gave Adol a jump and manual attack. It was criticized as being too easy; in response to this, Falcom put out Ys V Expert, a harder version of the game. A PS2 remake of Ys V by Taito was released 2006 in Japan.
After this, the series remained dormant for eight years (except for remakes such as Ys Eternal), during which time Falcom abandoned console development altogether, choosing instead to focus on the Microsoft Windows platform. They announced a new game in the series, entitled Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim, which was released on 27 September 2003. It was generally well received.
In early 2005, a new title in the series was announced, Ys: The Oath in Felghana, which is a top-to-bottom "re-imagining" of Ys III, greatly expanding its original plot. It was released on 30 June 2005.
A spinoff game called Ys Strategy was released on 16 March 2006 in Japan for the Nintendo DS. Unlike the rest of the series, it is a real-time strategy game instead of an action RPG. It received lackluster reviews and general disdain from fans.
Ys Origin was released in December 2006. It takes place 700 years before the events of the first game, following the separation of Ys from Esteria. The two initial playable characters are Yunica Tovah and Hugo Fact. The two characters' stories play out somewhat differently during character interactions. Adol appears only as a hidden bonus character. Falcom has since released a new version of the game that required a copy's registration serial number sent to Falcom along with shipping charges to get an extra enhancement disc for the game. With this disc the player would be able to play as Adol, along with various other new features.
Ys Seven was released in Japan in 2009 for the PlayStation Portable.
Ys VIII: Lacrimosa of Dana was announced for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita platforms at Sony Computer Entertainment Japan's pre-Tokyo Game Show 2015 press conference. It was released on 21 July 2016 in Japan for the PlayStation Vita.[13]
English releases[edit]
Until 2005, only three Ys games were available in North America: Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished (Master System, MS-DOS, Apple IIGS), Ys I & II (TurboGrafx CD), and Ys III: Wanderers from Ys (SNES, Genesis, TurboGrafx CD). The original PC-8801, PC-9801, X1 and MSX2 versions, as well as the Famicom ports remain exclusive to Japan. English ports of the Japanese PC game Ys VI: Ark of Napishtim were released by Konami in 2005 and 2006 for the PS2 and PSP, respectively, marking the first English release of the series in 13 years.
At one point, NEC Interchannel proposed bringing DigiCube's Ys Eternal Story to North America, but the idea was rejected by Sony Computer Entertainment America.
The original Windows PC remakes were Ys Eternal and Ys II Eternal. Later, there was a compiled re-release called Ys I & II Complete, which bumped up Ys Eternal's visuals to Ys II Eternal's level (more color depth, primarily) and made the soundtrack sound more cohesive between the two. Once this was out of print, Falcom began selling the two separately again, as Ys I Complete and Ys II Complete. Falcom changed the "Eternal" to "Complete" on all external packaging and advertisements, but not in the actual games themselves. In one of the English patches, the internal bitmaps are edited to reflect the external change for the packages.
In 2002 Nicolas Livaditis, an avid Ys fan and software engineer, spearheaded an English fan translation project for the first PC remake, Ys I Complete. This led to other projects for Ys II Complete, Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys, Ys: The Ark of Napishtim, Ys: The Oath in Felghana and Ys Origin, though not all were completed; the Ys VI project for example, was cancelled to respect Konami's licensing rights. Completed translation patches were made for Ys I & II Complete and Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys. In 2010, Xseed Games purchased the fan-translated script for Ys: The Oath in Felghana from Jeff Nussbaum, the actual translator, an act considered historic and unprecedented, as unlicensed translations are technically copyright infringements as unauthorized derivative works. XSEED went on to purchase three more fan-translated scripts for Ys I, Ys II, and Ys Origin.
Nintendo added Ys Book I & II to the US Virtual Console Service on 25 August 2008, the first release of the Ys series on a 7th Generation home console. Atlus released the games in one package entitled Legacy of Ys: Books I & II on 24 February 2009 on the Nintendo DS.
In May 2010, XSEED Games announced plans to localize the PlayStation Portable games Ys I & II Chronicles, Ys: The Oath in Felghana, and Ys Seven in North America. As of 2011, all games have been released.[14]
In March 2012, XSEED Games announced that they will be starting publishing Japanese PC games through Steam, starting with the PC version of Ys: The Oath in Felghana on 19 March 2012.[15] On 31 May 2012, XSEED Games released an English version of Ys Origin on Steam.[16] Ys I & II were also released via Steam on 14 February 2013 as Ys I & II Chronicles+[17] - XSEED's Steam programmer Sara managed to combine Falcom's PC port of Ys I & II Chronicles with the earlier fan-favorite PC release Ys I & II Complete, effectively mixing all the best features of both versions like selectable soundtracks (PC-88 original, Complete and Chronicles) and art styles from both Chronicles and Complete, alongside the visual flexibility of Complete, such as greater viewing area, togglable screen frame and support for windowed mode.
Ys: Memories of Celceta was released in North America on 26 November 2013 by XSEED Games. The American release also was released as a very limited edition called Silver Anniversary Edition, which features a 3-CD collection of both original and arranged music spanning the history of the franchise, a cloth map of the land of Celceta, a logo-emblazoned compass and Adol's Travel Journal, containing around 120+ pages of adventuring strategies and artwork. Ys: Memories of Celceta was also released in Europe on 21 February 2014, courtesy of NIS America. [18]
MMORPG[edit]
In 2009, Ys Online was released as an open beta for European players. The setting is centuries after Adol Christin's adventures. However, as of January 2013, the homepage for the game has been removed.
Animation[edit]
Main article: Ys (anime)
There are two separate OVA series of Ys, with the first spanning seven episodes and covering the events of the first game, and the second running for four episodes and loosely covering the events of the second game. The first anime expands on the relatively thin storyline of Ys I, including a retelling and expansion of the prologue found in the game's original Japanese manual.
Both series were released on DVD in English by Media Blasters' anime label "AnimeWorks", packaged both separately and in a three-disc box set. The dubbed/audio tracks have changes to some character names ("Dark Fact" becoming "Dark Factor", "Adol" becoming "Adle", and "Lilia" becoming "Lillian", for instance). Pronunciations of various names are inconsistent, sometimes within the same scene.
Included on one of the discs is what appears to be a preview for an anime based around Ys IV. This was created by Falcom as a "pitch" trailer to shop around to various animation studios to see if anyone was interested in producing the series; however, they had no takers, so this trailer is all that exists of the rumored Ys IV anime.
Music[edit]
The first two games were composed by Yuzo Koshiro, Mieko Ishikawa,[19] and Hideya Nagata, whereas Mieko Ishikawa handled the soundtrack for Ys III. The composers' works have been remixed for each subsequent release, for instance, by Japanese musician Ryo Yonemitsu for Hudson Soft's Ys I & II, Ys III: Wanderers from Ys and Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys releases for TurboGrafx-CD.[19][20] The TurboGrafx versions made very early use of Red Book audio in video games.
Consequently, the Ys series is seen in the video game music industry as some of the finest and most influential role-playing video game scores of all time,[2][21] demonstrated by an extensive series of CD releases based on the series' music, with numerous variations on its themes. It has also inspired video game composers outside Japan, such as Chris Hülsbeck who has cited it as a direct influence.[22]
The later games in the series were composed by the Falcom Sound Team jdk, the collective name of Falcom's internal sound production staff (not to be confused with the jdk Band - a band made of freelance musicians who works for Falcom and performs Sound Team jdk's music for both arranged albums/soundtracks and live during concerts). Ascertaining the identity of the composers and specific track credits can be difficult, due to the lack of information regarding Falcom's internal composers and composition credits of their games.
Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished: Omen: Yuzo Koshiro, Mieko Ishikawa
Ys II: Ancient Ys Vanished: The Final Chapter: Mieko Ishikawa, Yuzo Koshiro, Hideya Nagata
Ys III: Wanderers from Ys / The Oath in Felghana: Mieko Ishikawa, Masaaki Kawai
Ys IV: Mask of the Sun / The Dawn of Ys: Mieko Ishikawa, Atsushi Shirakawa, Hirofumi Matsuoka, Masaru Nakajima, Naoki Kaneda, Takahiro Tsunashima
Ys V: Lost Kefin, Kingdom of Sand: Mieko Ishikawa, Naoki Kaneda, Satoshi Arai, Atsushi Shirakawa, Masaru Nakajima
Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim: Hayato Sonoda, Wataru Ishibashi
Ys Origin: Hayato Sonoda, Takahiro Unisuga, Ryo Takeshita
Ys Seven: Hayato Sonoda, Takahiro Unisuga, Saki Momiyama, Masanori Osaki
Ys: Memories of Celceta: Hayato Sonoda, Takahiro Unisuga, Saki Momiyama, Tomokatsu Hagiuda
Ys VIII: Lacrimosa of Dana: Hayato Sonoda, Takahiro Unisuga, Atsume Hashimoto
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Falcom License Information". Nihon Falcom Corporation. 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [154]. Retrieved 2011-09-08. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 8 September 2011. )
Jump up ^ "Ys: Origin [3] - Rado's Annex - Blogging Games". Blogging Games. 2012-07-26. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
Jump up ^ Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [153]. Retrieved 2011-09-07. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 6 September 2011. )
Jump up ^ Massey, Tom. "Chronicles of Ys: A Series Retrospective". eurogamer.net. Gamer Network.
Jump up ^ Massey, Tom. "Inside Ys: Nihon Falcom Interview". eurogamer.net. Gamer Network.
^ Jump up to: a b Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [154]. Retrieved 2011-09-08. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (July 8, 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 8 September 2011. )
Jump up ^ Kalata, Kurt; Greene, Robert. "Hydlide". Hardcore Gaming 101.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [155]. Retrieved 2011-09-08. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 8 September 2011. )
^ Jump up to: a b c Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [156]. Retrieved 2011-09-08. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 8 September 2011. )
^ Jump up to: a b Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [157]. Retrieved 2011-09-09. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 9 September 2011. )
Jump up ^ Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). "Falcom: Legacy of Ys". GamesTM (111): 152–159 [158]. Retrieved 2011-09-10. (cf. Szczepaniak, John (8 July 2011). "History of Ys interviews". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 10 September 2011. )
Jump up ^ 2015-12-16, Ys VIII launches summer 2016 in Japan, Gematsu
Jump up ^ "XSEED/Falcom Interview". RPGamer. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
Jump up ^ "XSEED/Gamasutra Announcement". Gamasutra. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
Jump up ^ "XSEED Games/Ys Origin Available on Steam". Xseed Games. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
Jump up ^ "Ys Chronicles/Available on Steam". Xseed Games. 14 February 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.vg247.com/2013/10/29/ys-memories-of-celceta-headed-to-europe-via-nis/
^ Jump up to: a b Kalata, Kurt (27 November 2010). "Ys". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Ryan Mattich. "Falcom Classics II". RPGFan. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Chris Greening & Don Kotowski (February 2011). "Yuzo Koshiro Interview: Innovator in Game Music and Sound Design". Game Music Online. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
Jump up ^ Sorlie, Audun. "Chris Hülsbeck Remembers Jim Power". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Ys series
Main series
I: Ancient Ys Vanished
II: Ancient Ys Vanished – The Final Chapter
III: Wanderers from Ys
IV: Mask of the Sun
V: Lost Kefin, Kingdom of Sand
The Ark of Napishtim
Origin
Seven
VIII: Lacrimosa of Dana
Spin-offs
IV: The Dawn of Ys
Strategy
Ys vs. Sora no Kiseki: Alternative Saga
Remakes
I & II
The Oath in Felghana
Memories of Celceta
Related
Ys anime
Dragon Slayer series
Nihon Falcom
Tokyo Xanadu
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List of media
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