text:
Perry Expedition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Perry Expedition was a diplomatic expedition to Bakumatsu period Japan, involving two separate trips by warships of the United States Navy, which took place during 1853–54. The goals of this expedition included exploration, surveying, and the establishment of diplomatic relations and negotiation of trade agreements with various nations of the region; opening contact with the government of Japan was considered a top priority of the expedition, and was one of the key reasons for its inception. The expedition was commanded by Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, under orders from American President Millard Fillmore. Perry’s primary goal was to force an end to Japan’s 220-year-old policy of isolation and to open Japanese ports to American trade, through the use of gunboat diplomacy if necessary. The Perry Expedition led directly to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the western "Great Powers", and eventually to the collapse of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Preparation
3 First visit to Japan, 1852–1853
3.1 Threat of force and negotiation
4 Second visit to Japan, 1854
5 Return to the United States, 1855
6 See also
7 References
8 Notes
9 External links
Background[edit]
Commodore Matthew Perry
The growing commerce between America and China, the presence of American whalers in waters off Japan, and the increasing monopolization of potential coaling stations by the British and French in Asia were all contributing factors in the decision by President Fillmore to dispatch an expedition to Japan. The Americans were also driven by concepts of Manifest Destiny and the desire to impose the benefits of western civilization and the Christian religion on what they perceived as “backward” Asian nations.[1] By the early nineteenth century, the Japanese policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside.[2] Between 1790 and 1853 at least twenty-seven U.S. ships (including three warships) visited Japan, only to be turned away.
There were increasing sightings and incursions of foreign ships in Japanese waters, and this led to considerable internal debate in Japan on how best to meet this potential threat to Japan’s economic and political sovereignty. In May 1851, American Secretary of State Daniel Webster authorized Commodore John H. Aulick, commander of the East India Squadron, to attempt to return seventeen shipwrecked Japanese then in San Francisco, which might provide the opportunity for opening commercial relations with Japan. On May 10, 1851, Webster drafted a letter addressed to the “Japanese Emperor” with assurances that the expedition had no religious purpose, but was only to request “friendship and commerce” and supplies of coal needed by ships en route to China. The letter also boasted of American expansion across the North American continent and its technical prowess, and was signed by President Fillmore. However, Aulick became involved in a diplomatic row with a Brazilian diplomat and quarrels with the captain of his flagship, and was relieved of his command before he could undertake the Japan expedition.[3] His replacement, Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794–1858) was a senior-ranking officer in the United States Navy, and had extensive diplomatic experience.
Preparation[edit]
Perry was well aware of the difficulties involving attempting to establish relations with Japan, and initially protested that he would prefer to command the Mediterranean Squadron of the US Navy instead of being assigned to yet another doomed attempt to “open” Japan. These precedents included:
From 1797 to 1809, several American ships traded in Nagasaki under the Dutch flag, upon the request of the Dutch, who were not able to send their own ships because of their conflict against Britain during the Napoleonic Wars.
In 1837, an American businessman in Canton named Charles W. King saw an opportunity to open trade by trying to return to Japan three Japanese sailors (among them, Otokichi) who had been shipwrecked a few years before on the coast of Washington. He went to Uraga Channel with Morrison, an unarmed American merchant ship. The ship was attacked several times, and sailed back without completing its mission.
In 1846, Commander James Biddle, anchored in Edo Bay on an official mission with two ships, including one warship armed with 72 cannons, asking for ports to be opened for trade, but his requests for a trade agreement remained unsuccessful.[4]
In 1849, Captain James Glynn sailed to Nagasaki, leading at last to the first successful negotiation by an American with Japan. James Glynn recommended to the United States Congress that negotiations to open Japan be backed up by a demonstration of force, thus paving the way for Perry's expedition.[5]
In advance of his voyage, Perry read widely amongst available books about Japan. His research also included consultation with the renowned Japanologist Philipp Franz von Siebold. Siebold spent eight years working, teaching, and studying at the isolated Dutch island-trading post of Dejima in Nagasaki harbour, before returning to Leiden in the Netherlands.[6]
Perry also demanded greater latitude in his orders from Webster, a demand the Secretary of State granted just before his death in October 1852. Perry thus sailed for Japan with "full and discretionary powers," including possible use of force if the Japanese tried to treat him as they had the unfortunate Commodore Biddle.[7] Perry also refused to allow any professional diplomats to accompany the expedition. He asked the German painter William Heine and pioneer daguerreotype photographer Eliphalet M. Brown, Jr. to join the expedition as official artists. Agricultural specialist Dr. James Morrow was assigned by the US State Department. Several Japanese castaways were also taken on as unofficial interpreters.
The expedition was assigned the steam warships Mississippi, Susquehanna, Powhatan, and Allegheny, and the sailing sloops Plymouth and Saratoga, as well as the battleships Vermont[citation needed] and Macedonian
To command his fleet, Perry chose officers with whom he had served in the Mexican-American War. Commander Franklin Buchanan was captain of Susquehanna and Joel Abbot was captain of Macedonian. Commander Henry A. Adams became the Commodore’s chief of staff with the title "Captain of the Fleet". Major Jacob Zeilin (future commandant of the United States Marine Corps) was the ranking Marine officer, and was stationed on Mississippi.
Perry also received permission to take government stores as “gifts” for the natives, especially obsolete small arms. These included 40 M1819 Hall rifles (with 4,000 cartridges), 20 percussion pistols (with 2,000 cartridges), 20 artillery swords, 20 muskets with Maynard percussion locks and 40 light cavalry sabers, as well as 100 Colt revolvers.
First visit to Japan, 1852–1853[edit]
Japanese woodblock print of Perry (center) and other high-ranking American seamen
Perry chose the black-hulled paddle-wheeled Mississippi as his flagship, and cleared Hampton Roads, Virginia on 24 November 1852.[8] Perry made port calls at Madeira (December 11–15), St Helena (January 10–11), Cape Town (January 24 – February 3), Mauritius (February 18–28), Ceylon (March 10–15), Singapore (March 25–29) and Macao and Hong Kong (April 7–28), where he met with American-born Sinologist Samuel Wells Williams (who had been to Japan with the Morrison in 1837), who provided Chinese language translations of his official letters, and where he rendezvoused with Plymouth and Saratoga. He continued to Shanghai (May 4–17), where met with the Dutch-born American diplomat, Anton L. C. Portman, who translated his official letters into the Dutch language, and where he rendezvoused with Susquehanna.
Perry then switched his flag to Susquehanna and called on the Ryukyu islands from May 17–26. Ignoring the claims of Satsuma Domain to the islands, as well as his own orders, he threatened and bluffed local authorities by threatening to attack with 200 troops unless he were allowed trading rights and land for a coaling station. Perry landed his Marines, whom he drilled on the beach for hours at a time, and demanded an audience with the Ryukyu King Shō Tai at Shuri Castle. Knowing that his every action would be reported to Japanese authorities in Edo, Perry was careful to avoid meeting with low-ranked officials and made much use of military ceremony and shipboard hospitality to demonstrate both American military power and the peaceful intent of his expedition.[9] Perry left with promises that the islands would be completely open to trade with the United States. Continuing on the Ogasawara islands in mid-June, Perry met with the local inhabitants and even purchased a plot of land.
Threat of force and negotiation[edit]
Perry finally reached Uraga at the entrance to Edo Bay in Japan on 8 July 1853. His fleet at this time consisted of four vessels: Susquehanna, Mississippi, Plymouth and Saratoga. As he arrived, Perry ordered his ships to steam past Japanese lines towards the capital of Edo, and position their guns towards the town of Uraga.[10] He also fired blank shots from his 73 cannons, which he claimed was in celebration of the American Independence Day. Perry's ships were equipped with new Paixhans shell guns, cannons capable of wreaking great explosive destruction with every shell.[11][12]
The American ships were almost surrounded by Japanese guard boats; however, Perry ordered that any attempt at boarding was to be repelled. One boat carried a large sign in French ordering the American fleet to depart immediately.
On 9 July, a yoriki from the Uraga bugyō, Nakajima Saburosuke, accompanied interpreter Hori Tatsunosuke, rowed out to Susquehanna, but were at first refused permission to come on board. After some negotiation, they were permitted to board, where they displayed the order that no foreign ships were allowed into Japanese ports. Perry remained in his cabin and refused to meet them, sending word through his officers that as he carried a letter from the President of the United States, he would only deal with officials of sufficient stature and authority.[2]
On 10 July, yoriki Kayama Eizaemon, pretending to be the Uraga bugyō, called on Susquehanna and was allowed to meet Captain Franklin, whom he advised to travel to Nagasaki, as this was the designated port for all foreign contact. Kayama was told that unless a suitable official came to receive the document, Perry would land troops and march on Edo, to deliver the letter in person. Kayama asked for three days in order to respond. The actual Uraga bugyō, Ido Hiromichi, sent a report to the Shogun and advised that his defenses were totally inadequate to repel the Americans by force.[2]
In the meantime, Perry began a campaign of intimidation, by sending boats to survey the surrounding area, and threatened to use force if the Japanese guard boats around the American squadron did not disperse.[10] He also presented the Japanese with a white flag and a letter which told them that in case they chose to combat, the Americans would necessarily vanquish them.[13][14]
In the meantime, the Japanese government was paralyzed due to the incapacitation by illness of Shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi and by political indecision on how to handle the unprecedented threat to the nation’s capital. On 11 July, senior rōjū Abe Masahiro temporized, deciding that simply accepting a letter from the Americans would not constitute a violation of Japanese sovereignty. The decision was conveyed to Uraga, and Perry was asked to move his fleet slightly southwest to the beach at Kurihama (in modern-day Yokosuka), where he was allowed to land on 14 July.[15] Perry went ashore with considerable pomp, landing with 250 sailors and Marines in 15 ships’s boats after a 13-gun salute from Susquehanna. Major Zuilin’s Marines presented arms, and a band played Hail Columbia. President Fillmore’s letter was formally received by hatamoto Toda "Izu-no-kami" Ujiyoshi and by Ido "Iwami-no-kami" Hiromichi. Perry's squadron eventually departed Tokyo Bay on 17 July for the Chinese coast, promising to return for a reply.[16]
After Perry’s departure, an extensive debate ensued within the Shogunal court on how to respond to the American’s implied threats. Shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi died days after Perry’s departure, and was succeeded by his sickly young son, Tokugawa Iesada, leaving effective administration in the hands of the Council of Elders (rōjū) led by Abe Masahiro. Abe felt that it was currently impossible for Japan to resist the American demands by military force, and yet was reluctant to take any action on his own authority for such an unprecedented situation. Attempting to legitimize any decision taken, Abe polled all of the daimyo for their opinions. This was the first time that the Tokugawa shogunate had allowed its decision-making to be a matter of public debate, and had the unforeseen consequence of portraying the Shogunate as weak and indecisive.[17] The results of the poll also failed to provide Abe with an answer, as of the 61 known responses, 19 were in favor of accepting the American demands, and 19 were equally opposed. Of the remainder, 14 gave vague responses expressing concern of possible war, 7 suggested making temporary concessions and two advised that they would simply go along with whatever was decided.[18] The only universal recommendation was that steps be taken immediately to bolster Japan’s coastal defenses. Fortifications were hurriedly built close to current day Odaiba in order to protect Edo from a subsequent American naval incursion.
Odaiba battery at the entrance of Tokyo, built in 1853–54 to prevent an American intrusion
One of the cannons of Odaiba, now at the Yasukuni Shrine. 80-pound bronze, bore: 250mm, length: 3830mm.
Second visit to Japan, 1854[edit]
Commodore Perry's fleet for his second visit to Japan in 1854
Although having told the Japanese that he would return the following spring, Perry soon learned that Russian admiral Vice-Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin had called in at Nagasaki shortly after he departed from Edo Bay, and had spent a month attempting to force the Chinese to sign a treaty before his return. He also was told by both the British and French that they intended to accompany him to Japan in the spring to ensure that the Americans did not obtain any exclusive privileges. Perry thus returned on 13 February 1854 with a total of ten vessels and 1600 men. The fleet now also included: Lexington, Macedonian, Powhatan, Vandalia, Southampton and Supply.
By the time of Perry’s return, the Tokugawa shogunate had decided to accept virtually all the demands in Fillmore's letter. However, negotiators procrastinated for weeks over the site for negotiations, with Perry insisting on Edo, and the Japanese offering various other locations. Perry eventually lost his temper and threatened to bring 100 ships (more than the actual size of the US Navy at the time) within 20 days to war on Japan. Both sides eventually compromised on the tiny village of Yokohama, where a purpose-built hall was erected.
Perry landed on 8 March with 500 sailors and Marines in 27 ship’s boats, with three bands playing the Star Spangled Banner (with all sailors standing). After three weeks of negotiations, on 31 March, Perry signed the Convention of Kanagawa which opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American ships, provided for care of shipwrecked sailors, and the establishment of an American consulate in Shimoda.[19] The treaty was signed on the Japanese side by Hayashi Akira.
After the signing of the treaty, the Americans presented the Japanese with a miniature steam locomotive, a telegraph apparatus, various agricultural tools, and small arms, as well as one hundred gallons of whiskey, clocks, stoves, and books about the United States. The Japanese responded with gold-lacquered furniture and boxes, bronze ornaments, porcelain goblets and upon learning of Perry’s personal hobby, a collection of seashells.
Japanese 1854 print relating Perry's visit.
Perry then dispatched Saratoga home with the signed treaty, while the rest of the squadron went to survey Hakodate, Shimoda and the site of the future consulate.
Bust of Matthew Perry in Shimoda, Shizuoka
After departing Shimoda, the fleet returned to the Ryukyu Islands, where Perry swiftly drafted the “Compact between the United States and the Ryukyu Kingdom”, which was formally signed on 11 July 1854.
Return to the United States, 1855[edit]
After Perry returned to the United States in 1855, Congress voted to grant him a reward of $20,000 in appreciation of his work in Japan. Perry used part of this money to prepare and publish a report on the expedition in three volumes, titled Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan. He was also advanced to the grade of rear-admiral on the retired list (when his health began to fail) as a reward for his services.[20] Perry was known to have suffered severe arthritis that left him in frequent pain, that on occasion precluded him from his duties.[21]
Perry spent his last years preparing for publication his account of the Japan expedition, announcing its completion on 28 December 1857. Two days later he was detached from his last post, an assignment to the Naval Efficiency Board. He died awaiting further orders on 4 March 1858 in New York City, of "rheumatism" that had spread to the heart, compounded by complications of gout.[22]
See also[edit]
Gunboat diplomacy
History of Japan
Meiji Restoration
Yokohama Archives of History
List of Westerners who visited Japan before 1868
References[edit]
Arnold, Bruce Makoto (2005). Diplomacy Far Removed: A Reinterpretation of the U.S. Decision to Open Diplomatic Relations with Japan (Thesis). University of Arizona. [2]
Dupree, A. Hunter, 'Science vs. the Military: Dr. James Morrow and the Perry Expedition', The Pacific Historical Review, vol. 22, no. 1, (1953), pp. 29–37.
Hawks, Francis. (1856). Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854 under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson by order of Congress, 1856; originally published in Senate Executive Documents, No. 34 of 33rd Congress, 2nd Session. [reprinted by London: Trafalgar Square, 2005. ISBN 1-84588-026-9 (paper)]
Houchins, Chang-su. (1995). Artifacts of diplomacy: Smithsonian collections from Commodore Matthew Perry's Japan Expedition (1853-1854). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press; available online.
Samuel Eliot Morison, Old Bruin (1967).
Morrow, James, and Allan B. Cole. (1947). A Scientist with Perry in Japan : the Journal of Dr. James Morrow. Edited by Allan B. Cole. Chapel Hill: the University of North Carolina Press.
John Schroeder, Matthew Calbraith Perry (2001).
Sewall, John S. (1905). The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas, Bangor, Maine: Chas H. Glass & Co. [reprint by Chicago: R.R. Donnelly & Sons, 1995] ISBN 0-548-20912-X.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p.88.
^ Jump up to: a b c W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p.78
Jump up ^ http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Aulick_John_H_ca_1791-1873
Jump up ^ Sewell, pp. xxxiv-xxxv, xlix, lvi.
Jump up ^ English Wikipedia on Preble Logbook
Jump up ^ Sewall, p. xxxviii.
Jump up ^ J. W. Hall, Japan, p.207.
Jump up ^ McWilliams, Jane (2011). Annapolis, City on the Severn: A History. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8018-9659-0.
Jump up ^ Schroeder, John (2014). Thompson, Antonio, ed. The Routledge Handbook of American Military and Diplomatic History. Routledge. p. Chapter 29. ISBN 9781317813347.
^ Jump up to: a b The Perry mission to Japan, 1853 - 1854 by William Gerald Beasley, Aaron Haight Palmer, Henry F. Graff, Yashi Shōzan, Ernest Mason Satow, Shuziro Watanabe p.153ff
Jump up ^ Arms and Men: A Study in American Military History - Walter Millis - Google Books. Books.google.com. 1981. ISBN 9780813509310. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
Jump up ^ Walworth, Arthur (November 2008). Black Ships Off Japan: The Story of Commodore Perry's Expedition - Arthur Walworth - Google Books. ISBN 9781443728508.
Jump up ^ "Among the items presented to the Japanese were a white flag and a letter from Perry. The letter attempted to intimidate Japanese officials by explaining that in the event the Japanese elected war rather than negotiation, they could use the white flag to sue for peace, since victory would naturally belong to the Americans"Matthew Calbraith Perry: antebellum sailor and diplomat by John H. Schroeder p.286 Note 44
Jump up ^ The economic aspects of the history of the civilization of Japan Yosaburō Takekoshi p.285-86 [1]
Jump up ^ "Perry Ceremony Today; Japanese and U. S. Officials to Mark 100th Anniversary." The New York Times, July 14, 1953
Jump up ^ Sewall, pp. 183-195.
Jump up ^ J. W. Hall, Japan, p.211.
Jump up ^ W. G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, s.90-95.
Jump up ^ Sewall, pp. 243-264.
Jump up ^ Sewall, p. lxxxvii.
Jump up ^ "Commodore Perry's Expedition to Japan". Ben Griffiths 2005. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot. (1967). 'Old Bruin' Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry p. 431.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Perry Expedition.
Perry Visits Japan: A Visual History
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perry_Expedition&oldid=803736725"
Categories:
Expeditions from the United States
Bakumatsu
United States Navy in the 19th century
1853 in Japan
1854 in Japan
1850s in the United States
19th century in Tokyo
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Bân-lâm-gú
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
日本語
吴语
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 October 2017, at 09:05.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

attrs: href title

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Bakumatsu_period
mw-redirect
Bakumatsu period

values:
/wiki/Diplomatic_relations
mw-redirect
Diplomatic relations

values:
/wiki/Matthew_Calbraith_Perry
mw-redirect
Matthew Calbraith Perry

values:
/wiki/Great_Powers
mw-redirect
Great Powers

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Manifest_Destiny
mw-redirect
Manifest Destiny

values:
/wiki/Secretary_of_State
mw-redirect
Secretary of State

values:
/wiki/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki
mw-redirect
Nagasaki, Nagasaki

values: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

values:
/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)
mw-redirect
Washington (U.S. state)

values:
/wiki/Japanese_Studies
mw-redirect
Japanese Studies

values:
/wiki/USS_Susquehanna_(1847)
mw-redirect
USS Susquehanna (1847)

values: This claim conflicts with the USS Vermont (1848) page. That page asserts that Vermont lay in ordinary until the 1860s, and so would not have been assigned to the Perry Expedition in the 1840s (November 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Mexican-American_War
mw-redirect
Mexican-American War

values:
/wiki/Colt_revolver
mw-redirect
Colt revolver

values: Edit section: First visit to Japan, 1852–1853

values:
/wiki/Ryukyu_islands
mw-redirect
Ryukyu islands

values: Edit section: Threat of force and negotiation

values: Nakajima Saburosuke (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Hail_Columbia
mw-redirect
Hail Columbia

values: Edit section: Second visit to Japan, 1854

values:
/wiki/Yevfimy_Putyatin
mw-redirect
Yevfimy Putyatin

values:
/wiki/Star_Spangled_Banner
mw-redirect
Star Spangled Banner

values: Edit section: Return to the United States, 1855

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.grifworld.com/perryhome.html

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Expeditions from the United States

values: Category:United States Navy in the 19th century

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Perry_Expedition
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Perry_Expedition rootpage-Perry_Expedition vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Degree (music)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For scale-step in Schenkerian analysis, see scale-step.
Scale degree roman numerals.[1] Play (help·info)
Scale degree names[2] (C major scale) Play (help·info)).
In music theory, scale degree refers to the position of a particular note on a scale[3] relative to the tonic, the first and main note of the scale from which each octave is assumed to begin. Degrees are useful for indicating the size of intervals and chords, and whether they are major or minor.
In the most general sense, the scale degree merely is the number given to each step of the scale, usually starting with 1=tonic. Defining it like this implies that a tonic is specified. For instance the 7-tone diatonic scale may become the major scale once the proper degree has been chosen as tonic (e.g. the C-major scale C–D–E–F–G–A–B, in which C is the tonic). If the scale has no tonic, the starting degree must be chosen arbitrarily. In set theory, for instance, the 12 degrees of the chromatic scale usually are numbered starting from C=0, the twelve pitch classes being numbered from 0 to 11.
In a more specific sense, scale degrees are given names that indicate their particular function within the scale. This definition implies a functional scale, as is the case in tonal music.
The expression scale step is sometimes used synonymously with scale degree, but it may alternatively refer to the distance between two successive and adjacent scale degrees (see Steps and skips). The terms "whole step" and "half step" are commonly used as interval names (though "whole scale step" or "half scale step" are not used). The number of scale degrees and the distance between them together define the scale they are in.
Major and minor scales[edit]
The degrees of the traditional major and minor scales may be identified several ways:
the first, second, (major or minor) third, fourth, fifth, major or minor sixth, and major or minor seventh degrees of the scale;
by Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4 ...), sometimes with circumflexes ( 1 ^ , 2 ^ , 3 ^ . . . {\displaystyle {\hat {1}},{\hat {2}},{\hat {3}}...} );
by Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV ...);
the diatonic mode which starts on the degree, and contains all the notes in the key
in English, by the names and function: tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading note (leading tone in the United States) and tonic again.
These names are derived from a scheme where the tonic note is the 'center'. Supertonic and subtonic are, respectively, one step above and one step below the tonic; mediant and submediant are each a third above and below the tonic, and dominant and subdominant are a fifth above and below the tonic.
Subtonic is used when the interval between it and the tonic in the upper octave is a whole step; leading note when that interval is a half-step.
in English, by the "moveable Do" Solfege system, which allows a person to name each scale degree with a single syllable while singing.
Degree
Name (Diatonic Function)
Corresponding mode (major key)
Corresponding mode (minor key)
Meaning
Note (in C major)
Note (in C minor)
1st Tonic Ionian Aeolian Tonal center, note of final resolution C C
2nd Supertonic Dorian Locrian One whole step above the tonic D D
3rd Mediant Phrygian Ionian Midway between tonic and dominant, (in minor key) root of relative major key E E♭
4th Subdominant Lydian Dorian Lower dominant, same interval below tonic as dominant is above tonic F F
5th Dominant Mixolydian Phrygian 2nd in importance to the tonic G G
6th Submediant Aeolian Lydian Lower mediant, midway between tonic and subdominant, (in major key) root of relative minor key A A♭
7th Leading tone(in Major scale) / Subtonic (in Natural Minor Scale) Locrian Mixolydian Melodically strong affinity for and leads to tonic/One half step below tonic in Major scale and whole step in Natural minor. B B♭
1st (8th) Tonic (octave) Ionian Aeolian Tonal center, note of final resolution C' C'
See also[edit]
Factor (chord)
Music education
Tonality
Sources[edit]
Jump up ^ Jonas, Oswald (1982). Introduction to the Theory of Heinrich Schenker (1934: Das Wesen des musikalischen Kunstwerks: Eine Einführung in Die Lehre Heinrich Schenkers), p.22. Trans. John Rothgeb. ISBN 0-582-28227-6. Shown all uppercase.
Jump up ^ Benward & Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, Vol. I, p.32-3. Seventh Edition. ISBN 978-0-07-294262-0. "Scale degree names: Each degree of the seven-tone diatonic scale has a name that relates to its function. The major scale and all three forms of the minor scale share these terms."
Jump up ^ Kolb, Tom (2005). Music Theory for Guitarists, p.16. ISBN 0-634-06651-X.
[show]
v
t
e
Musical scales (list)
Main Western
Major
Minor
Chromatic
Types
Bebop
Diatonic
Distance model
Enharmonic
Jazz
Symmetric
Synthetic mode
Synthetic scale
Name
Acoustic
Adonai malakh mode
Alpha
Altered
Beta
Blues
Bohlen–Pierce
Double harmonic
Enigmatic
Flamenco mode
Gamma
Half diminished
Harmonic major
Harmonic
Jazz minor
Lydian dominant
Major Locrian
Misheberak
Phrygian dominant
Ptolemy's intense diatonic
Scale of harmonics
Whole tone
Ethnic origin
Algerian
Arabic
Double harmonic
Major Locrian
Quarter tone
17 equal temperament
Brazil
Escala nordestina
Gamelan
Pelog
Slendro
Gypsy
Hungarian gypsy
Hungarian minor
Istrian
Japanese
Neapolitan
Persian
Ukrainian Dorian
Ukrainian minor
Modes
[show]
v
t
e
Modes in Western music
Gregorian
Authentic
Dorian
Phrygian
Lydian
Mixolydian
Plagal
Hypodorian
Hypophrygian
Hypolydian
Hypomixolydian
Other
Ionian
Hypoionian
Aeolian
Hypoaeolian
Locrian
Hypolocrian
Reciting tone
Diatonic
Ionian (I)
Dorian (II)
Phrygian (III)
Lydian (IV)
Mixolydian (V)
Aeolian (VI)
Locrian (VII)
Jazz minor
Ascending melodic minor (I)
Dorian ♭2 (II)
Lydian Augmented (III)
Lydian Dominant (IV)
Mixolydian ♭13 (V)
Locrian ♮2 (VI)
Altered (VII)
Number of tones
Monotonic (1)
Ditonic (2)
Tritonic (3)
Tetratonic (4)
Pentatonic (5)
Hexatonic (6)
Heptatonic (7)
Octatonic (8)
Chromatic (12)
[show]
v
t
e
Degrees and functions of the diatonic scale
i (for minor keys) ii ø III IV or iv V or v vi or VI VII viio
Tonic
Supertonic
Sp
Mediant
Dp, Tkp, tP, [D](Sp)
Subdominant
Dominant or Dominant seventh
Submediant
Tp, sP, tCp
Subtonic
dP
Leading
D̸7
C D E♭/E♮ (minor and Major keys) F G (or G7) A♭/A♮ (minor and Major keys) B♭ (more common in minor keys and in popular music) B♮
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Degree_(music)&oldid=794267147"
Categories:
Scale degrees
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Català
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Հայերեն
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 6 August 2017, at 23:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: href class

value: sup

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: span

values: File:Root position triads from C major scale.mid

values:
/wiki/Note_(music)
mw-redirect
Note (music)

values:
/wiki/Major_interval
mw-redirect
Major interval

values:
/wiki/Minor_interval
mw-redirect
Minor interval

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.354ex; height:3.176ex;

values:
/wiki/Leading_tone
mw-redirect
Leading tone

values: font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;

values: International Standard Book Number (identifier)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Harmonic_Scale
mw-redirect
Harmonic Scale

values:
/wiki/Lydian_dominant_scale
mw-redirect
Lydian dominant scale

values:
/wiki/Misheberak_scale
mw-redirect
Misheberak scale

values:
/wiki/Quarter_tone_scale
mw-redirect
Quarter tone scale

values:
/wiki/Ukrainian_minor_scale
mw-redirect
Ukrainian minor scale

values:
/wiki/Authentic_mode
mw-redirect
Authentic mode

values:
/wiki/Plagal_mode
mw-redirect
Plagal mode

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Dominant_seventh
mw-redirect
Dominant seventh

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Degree_(music)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: درجة (موسيقى) – Arabic

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonstufe
Tonstufe – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values: درجه (موسیقی) – Persian

values: Աստիճան (երաժշտություն) – Armenian

values: דרגה (מוזיקה) – Hebrew

values: Ступень (музыка) – Russian

values: Ступањ (музика) – Serbian

values: Ступінь (музика) – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Degree_music rootpage-Degree_music skin-vector action-view


text:
The Santa Clause 2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Santa Clause 2
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Michael Lembeck
Produced by
Robert Newmyer
Brian Reilly
Jeffrey Silver
Written by
Don Rhymer
Cinco Paul
Ken Daurio
Ed Decter
John J. Strauss
Based on
Characters created
by Leo Benvenuti
Steve Rudnick
Starring
Tim Allen
Eric Lloyd
Elizabeth Mitchell
Wendy Crewson
Judge Reinhold
Liliana Mumy
David Krumholtz
Spencer Breslin
Music by
George S. Clinton
Cinematography
Adam Greenberg
Edited by
David Finfer
Edward A. Warschilka
Production
company
Walt Disney Pictures
Outlaw Productions
Boxing Cat Films
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release date
November 1, 2002 (2002-11-01) (United States)
Running time
104 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$65 million[1]
Box office
$172.9 million[1]
The Santa Clause 2 is a 2002 Christmas family comedy film directed by Michael Lembeck. It is a sequel to The Santa Clause (1994) and the second installment in the Santa Clause film series. All the principal actors from the first film, including Tim Allen, Eric Lloyd, Wendy Crewson and Judge Reinhold, reprise their roles.
Released on November 1, 2002, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $172 million worldwide on a $65 million budget. It was followed by another sequel, The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause, released in 2006.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Box office
5 Soundtrack
6 Home media
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Eight years have elapsed since Scott Calvin took on the mantle of Santa Claus and became subject to The Santa Clause. Now he is at the top of his game at the North Pole and could not be happier, at least until Head Elf Bernard and Curtis, the Keeper of the Handbook of Christmas break the news that there is another clause – the "Mrs. Clause".
Santa/Scott is now pressed to get married before the next Christmas Eve, or the clause will be broken and Christmas will fade away. At the same time, Abby the Elf delivers news that is more distressing: Santa's own son Charlie is on the naughty list, for acts including vandalizing the walls of the school gymnasium with spray paint, until he is caught by Principal Carol Newman. Scott must return to his home to search for a wife and set things right with Charlie. He brings this up when visited by the Council of Legendary Figures consisting of Mother Nature, Father Time, Cupid, the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, and the Sandman.
To cover for Santa's prolonged absence, Curtis helps Santa create a life-size toy replica of Santa, much to Bernard's horror. However, this replacement can't find any grace or slack in his plastic heart for minor infractions by children the world over, having followed the Handbook too strictly. Toy Santa takes control of the North Pole with an army of life-size toy soldiers. He thinks that everyone is naughty, and he plans to give the entire world lumps of coal.
Because of the impending end of his contract, Scott undergoes a "de-Santafication process" that gradually turns him back into Scott Calvin. He has a limited amount of magic to help him. Scott attempts to reconcile with Charlie, who keeps vandalizing his school to get attention. He and Charlie both face the ire of Principal Newman when Charlie defaces the lockers.
Charlie confesses to Scott how hard it is for him that Scott is never around like other fathers, and reveals the stress he is under to conceal the secret that his father is Santa. Scott vows to try harder as a dad, and he and Charlie reconcile.
After a few failed dates, Scott finds himself falling for Carol, the school principal. He accompanies her in a sleigh to the faculty Christmas party, which turns out to be dull. Using a little of his Christmas magic, Scott enlivens the party by presenting everyone with their childhood dream gifts. He makes a special presentation to Carol, and, with his last remnant of magic, wins her over and they kiss passionately. However, she balks when he attempts to explain he is Santa, believing that Scott is mocking her childhood, until Charlie manages to convince her by showing her his magic snow globe.
Curtis flies in to deliver the news about the Toy Santa's coal binge. However, Scott has used up the last of his magic wooing Carol, and reindeer Comet has eaten too many chocolate bars, making him too bloated to fly. With a little help from the Tooth Fairy, Scott and Curtis return to the North Pole. Toy Santa wastes no time in subduing Scott, but Charlie and a now-believing Carol spring him free by summoning the Tooth Fairy to fly them there. Scott goes after the Toy Santa, who has already left with the sleigh, riding Chet, a reindeer-in-training, and they both crash back into the village. With an army of elves, Carol, Bernard, Charlie and Curtis lead a snowball war to overthrow the toy soldiers. Toy Santa is reduced to his normal six-inch height, Scott marries Carol in a ceremony presided over by Mother Nature herself, Scott transforms back to Santa, and Christmas proceeds as it always has. Scott and Carol have a three-month honeymoon to go on the next day. In addition, Scott and Charlie reveal the truth to Lucy, Charlie's younger half-sister (the daughter of Laura and Neil) about Scott being Santa Claus and she can't tell anyone about his secret, but that it's more of a gift than a burden.
Cast[edit]
Tim Allen as Scott Calvin / Santa Claus and Toy Santa
Eric Lloyd as Charlie Calvin
Elizabeth Mitchell as Principal Carol Newman
Wendy Crewson as Laura Miller
Judge Reinhold as Dr. Neal Miller
Liliana Mumy as Lucy Miller
David Krumholtz as Bernard the Elf
Spencer Breslin as Curtis the Elf
Danielle Woodman as Abby the Elf
Aisha Tyler as Mother Nature
Peter Boyle as Father Time
Jay Thomas as Easter Bunny
Kevin Pollak as Cupid
Art LaFleur as Tooth Fairy
Michael Dorn as Sandman
Production[edit]
A teaser trailer for this film originally referred to it as Santa Clause 2: The Escape Clause, scheduled for release in November 2001. The subtitle would later become the subtitle of the following sequel in 2006.[2]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 113 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though it's harmless as family entertainment and has moments of charm, The Santa Clause 2 is also predictable and forgettable."[3] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[4] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[5]
The Santa Clause 2 was nominated for Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film.[citation needed]
Box office[edit]
The Santa Clause 2 grossed $139.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $33.6 million in other territories, for a total of $172.8 million, against a production budget of $65 million.[1] It was the fifth-highest-grossing holiday movie.[6][7][8]
Soundtrack[edit]
Original Release Date: November 1, 2002
1. Everybody Loves Christmas – Eddie Money
2. Santa Claus Lane – Hilary Duff
3. Santa's Got A Brand New Bag – SHeDAISY
4. Jingle Bells – Brian Setzer
5. Run Rudolph Run – Chuck Berry
6. 'Zat You, Santa Claus? – Louis Armstrong
7. Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town – Smokey Robinson & the Miracles
8. Blue Holiday – The Shirelles
9. Unwritten Christmas – Unwritten Law & Sum 41
10. I'm Gonna Lasso Santa Claus – Brenda Lee
11. Santa Claus Is Coming to Town – Steve Tyrell
12. Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer – Elmo & Patsy
Home media[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The film was released on DVD and VHS on November 18, 2003. It was re-released as 3-Movie Collection DVD set in 2007 and first released as a 3-Movie Collection Blu-ray set on October 16, 2012.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Santa Clause 2 (2002)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ The Santa Clause 2 (2002) Rare Teaser Trailer. SKYTV. October 31, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "The Santa Clause 2 (2002)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Santa Clause 2 reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Santa Clause 2 – CinemaScore". CinemaScore. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hailey, Caroline (2015-12-24). "10 Highest-Grossing Holiday Movies of All Time". GOBankingRates. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
Jump up ^ "Box Office History for Santa Clause Movies". The Numbers. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
Jump up ^ "Top 2002 Movies at the Worldwide Box Office". The Numbers. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Santa Clause 2
Official website
The Santa Clause 2 on IMDb
The Santa Clause 2 at AllMovie
The Santa Clause 2 at Rotten Tomatoes
The Santa Clause 2 at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Michael Lembeck
The Santa Clause 2 (2002)
Connie and Carla (2004)
The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (2006)
The Clique (2008)
Tooth Fairy (2010)
Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure (2011)
The Bling Ring (2011)
A Nutcracker Christmas (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
Disney Christmas films
Theatrical shorts
Empty Socks (1927)
Mickey's Orphans (1931)
Santa's Workshop (1932)
Mickey's Good Deed (1932)
The Night Before Christmas (1933)
Broken Toys (1935)
Toy Tinkers (1949)
Pluto's Christmas Tree (1952)
The Small One (1978)
Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983)
The Little Matchgirl (2006, 2042)
Olaf's Frozen Adventure (2017)
Theatrical features
Babes in Toyland (1961)
One Magic Christmas (1985)
The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992)
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
The Santa Clause (1994)
I'll Be Home for Christmas (1998)
The Santa Clause 2 (2002)
The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (2006)
Disney's A Christmas Carol (2009)
Direct-to-video
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas (1999)
Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving (1999)
Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse (2001)
Recess Christmas: Miracle on Third Street (2001)
Winnie the Pooh: A Very Merry Pooh Year (2002)
Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas (2004)
My Friends Tigger & Pooh: Super Sleuth Christmas Movie (2007)
Santa Buddies (2009)
The Search for Santa Paws (2010)
Santa Paws 2: The Santa Pups (2012)
Made for TV
Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too (special, 1991)
The Ultimate Christmas Present (DCOM, 2000)
'Twas the Night (DCOM, 2001)
A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa (special, 2008)
Phineas and Ferb Christmas Vacation (episode, 2009)
Prep & Landing (special 2009)
Prep & Landing: Operation: Secret Santa (special 2010)
Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas! (DCOM, 2011)
Prep & Landing: Naughty vs. Nice (special, 2011)
Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular (special, 2013)
Toy Story That Time Forgot (special, 2014)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Santa_Clause_2&oldid=825914077"
Categories:
2002 films
English-language films
2000s fantasy films
2000s romantic comedy films
American films
American children's comedy films
American Christmas films
American fantasy-comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American romantic fantasy films
American sequel films
Android (robot) films
Children's fantasy films
Directorial debut films
Films directed by Michael Lembeck
Films shot in British Columbia
Santa Claus in film
Walt Disney Pictures films
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016
Articles needing additional references from August 2016
All articles needing additional references
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
Deutsch
Español
Français
Հայերեն
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last edited on 16 February 2018, at 03:43.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: scope style

value: li

values:
/wiki/Tooth_Fairy
mw-redirect
Tooth Fairy

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Smokey_Robinson_%26_the_Miracles
mw-redirect
Smokey Robinson & the Miracles

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
nofollow
external text
https://m.cinemascore.com

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0304669/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v267272

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of United States Christmas television specials

values: List of United States Christmas television episodes

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:American children's comedy films

values: Category:American romantic fantasy films

values: Category:Films directed by Michael Lembeck

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Santa_Clause_2
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Santa Clause 2 – Eine noch schönere Bescherung – German

values: Սանտա Կլաուս 2 – Armenian

values: Che fine ha fatto Santa Clause? – Italian

values: Télapu 2. – Veszélyben a karácsony – Hungarian

values: サンタクロース・リターンズ! クリスマス危機一髪 – Japanese

values: Moș Crăciun caută Crăciuniță (film din 2002) – Romanian

values: Санта-Клаус 2 – Russian

values: Mutta mitä tapahtui joulupukille 2 – Finnish

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Santa_Clause_2 rootpage-The_Santa_Clause_2 skin-vector action-view