text:
The Bare Necessities
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This article is about the song. For the collegiate a cappella group by this same name, see The Brown Bear Necessities. For other uses, see Bare Necessities (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"The Bare Necessities"
Song by Phil Harris and Bruce Reitherman
from the album The Jungle Book
Released
1967 (1967)
Label
Disneyland
Songwriter(s)
Terry Gilkyson
The Jungle Book track listing
"Colonel Hathi's March"
(2) "The Bare Necessities"
(3) "I Wan'na Be Like You"
(4)
"The Bare Necessities" is a song, written by Terry Gilkyson, from the animated 1967 Disney film The Jungle Book, sung by Phil Harris as Baloo and Bruce Reitherman as Mowgli. Originally, it was written for an earlier draft of the movie that was never produced. The Sherman Brothers, who wrote the other songs of the film, kept this as the only song used from the previous version. A reprise of the song was sung by Sebastian Cabot as Bagheera and Phil Harris as Baloo at the end of the film. Van Dyke Parks worked on the arrangement, which was his first paid gig after moving to California. The song was also sung by Louis Armstrong. In 1967, "The Bare Necessities" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. A hip-hop version of the song performed by Lou Rawls was used as the theme song for Jungle Cubs.[citation needed]
It has been suggested that the original trumpet solo was played by Cappy Lewis.[1]
In other media[edit]
In 1969, Alvin and the Chipmunks recorded this song for their album The Chipmunks Go to the Movies.
In 1988, the song was hummed by Siobhan E. McCafferty's character in the Freddy's Nightmares episode "Judy Miller, Come on Down".
In 1991, the song was covered by Harry Connick, Jr. for the Simply Mad About The Mouse an album and a TV Special.
In 1991 The Bare Necessities Megamix, produced by Nigel Wright under the name of The UK Mixmasters reached number 14 in the UK Singles Chart.[2]
In The Jungle Book 2, Baloo (John Goodman) is first seen singing "The Bare Necessities" while creating a "dummy" of Mowgli, using a coconut and a banana peel, to sing with him, only to sadly realize that Mowgli is no longer around. Mowgli (Haley Joel Osment) and Baloo sing the song together after Baloo takes him out the village. At the end of the movie, Mowgli, Shanti (Mae Whitman), and Baloo sing a reprise of the song.
In 2005, Julie Andrews chose the song for her album "Julie Andrews Selects Her Favorite Disney Songs".
Tituss Burgess performed the song for the BBC radio special "BBC Radio 2 Celebrates The Music of Disney".
Bowling for Soup recorded it for Disney's DisneyMania 3 Album.
In the 1994 live-action Disney film The Jungle Book, Dr. Julius Plumford exclaims "The bare necessities of life!" in the ballroom scene.
In 1998, Tony Bennett covered it in his album The Playground which was released on September 25, 1998.
On the 5th episode of the 10th season of ABC's Dancing With The Stars, American footballer Chad Ochocinco and professional partner Cheryl Burke danced a quickstep to the song.
Just for Laughs: Gags sometimes uses an instrumental cover of this song during a prank.
Eliza Gilkyson, the daughter of the song's composer, Terry Gilkyson, performed the song on her live 2007 album, Your Town Tonight.
Brian Wilson covered it on his album In the Key of Disney, which was released on October 25, 2011.
From September 2011, the song has been used in adverts for British supermarket chain Sainsbury's, promoting new slogan 'Live Well For Less'.
Los Lobos covered it on their album Los Lobos Goes Disney, released in 2009.
The rap band That Handsome Devil covered this song and the entirety of The Jungle Book soundtrack on their free CD titled The Jungle Book
The song is featured in the Disney 2013 stage musical directed by Mary Zimmerman and performed by Kevin Carolan as Baloo.
On 13 June 2012, Hong Kong Disneyland opened Grizzly Gulch themed land, the gift stall in the land is called The Bear Necessities.[3]
In November 2013, The Overtones recorded this song as a mix with I Wanna Be Like You for their album Saturday Night at the Movies
In 2015, British children's sitcom Horrible Histories introduced a parody of this song related to Oliver Cromwell. It was performed by comedian Lawry Lewin, and was featured in the sixth series.
Bill Murray and Neel Sethi perform the song as Baloo and Mowgli, respectively, in the 2016 live-action adaptation. A cover version by Dr. John is featured during the film's end credits.[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Santa Monica Academy of Music. Facebook. January 16, 2013.[unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ Official UK Charts - UK Mixmasters
Jump up ^ "Largest themed area in expansion plan, Grizzly Gulch, debuts at Hong Kong Disneyland on July 14, 2012　Unique multidirectional terrain-style coaster provides unexpected runaway adventure". Hong Kong Disneyland. 13 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Rebecca Keegan (April 15, 2016). "'Jungle Book' director Jon Favreau keeps the 19th century Kipling tone but updates the classic for modern times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
[hide]
v
t
e
Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book
Books
The Jungle Book (1894)
The Second Jungle Book (1895)
All the Mowgli Stories (1933)
Mowgli stories
"Mowgli's Brothers"
"Kaa's Hunting"
"Tiger! Tiger!"
"Letting in the Jungle"
"Red Dog"
Other stories
"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi"
"Toomai of the Elephants"
"The White Seal"
Characters
Mowgli
Baloo
Bagheera
Akela
Raksha
Kaa
Hathi
Shere Khan
Bandar-log
King Louie
Disney franchise
Film
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Jungle Book (1994)
The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story (1998)
The Jungle Book 2 (2003)
The Jungle Book (2016)
Television
TaleSpin (1990–91)
Jungle Cubs (1996–1998)
Soundtrack
"Colonel Hathi's March"
"The Bare Necessities"
"I Wan'na Be like You"
"Trust in Me"
"That's What Friends Are For"
"My Own Home"
"Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai"
Video games
The Jungle Book (1993)
The Jungle Book Groove Party (2000)
Other
The Jungle Book: Alive with Magic
Colonel Hathi's Pizza Outpost
Other adaptations
Film
Elephant Boy (1937)
Jungle Book (1942)
Elephant Boy (1973)
Adventures of Mowgli (1973)
The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli & Baloo (1997)
Jungle Book (2018)
Television
Mowgli's Brothers (1976)
Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli (1989–90)
episodes
Mowgli: The New Adventures of the Jungle Book (1998)
The Jungle Book (2010–)
Other
The Third Jungle Book (1992)
A dzsungel könyve
Djungelboken
Related
Law of the jungle
Mowgli syndrome
The Graveyard Book (2008)
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text:
Spam (food)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Spam
A can of Spam
Course
Main course
Place of origin
United States
Created by
Hormel Foods Corporation
Serving temperature
Hot or cold
Main ingredients
pork and ham
Other information
A canned precooked meat product
Cookbook: Spam Media: Spam
Sliced Spam
Spam (stylized SPAM) is a brand of canned cooked meat made by Hormel Foods Corporation. It was first introduced in 1937 and gained popularity worldwide after its use during World War II.[1] By 2003, Spam was sold in 41 countries on six continents and trademarked in over 100 countries (except in the Middle East and North Africa).[2] In 2007, the seven billionth can of Spam was sold.[3]
According to its label, Spam's basic ingredients are pork, with ham meat added, salt, water, modified potato starch as a binder, sugar, and sodium nitrite as a preservative. Natural gelatin is formed during cooking in its tins on the production line.[4] Many have raised concerns over Spam's nutritional attributes, in large part due to its high content of fat, sodium, and preservatives.[citation needed]
By the early 1970s the name "Spam" became a genericized trademark, used to describe any canned meat product containing pork, such as pork luncheon meat. With expansion in communications technology, it became the subject of urban legends about mystery meat and other appearances in pop culture.[5] Most notable was a Monty Python sketch which led to its name being borrowed for unsolicited electronic messages, especially spam email.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 International usage
2.1 United States and territories
2.1.1 Hawaii
2.1.2 Guam and the Northern Marianas
2.1.3 Puerto Rico
2.2 United Kingdom
2.3 Asia
2.4 Middle East
2.4.1 Israel
3 In popular culture
3.1 Spam celebrations
4 Nutritional data
5 Varieties
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Spam was introduced by Hormel in 1937. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America states that the product was intended to increase the sale of pork shoulder which was not a very popular cut.[7] Ken Daigneau, brother of a company executive, won a $100 prize that year in a competition to name the new item.[3] Hormel claims that the meaning of the name "is known by only a small circle of former Hormel Foods executives", but popular beliefs are that the name is an abbreviation of "spiced ham",[7] "spare meat", or "shoulders of pork and ham".[8] Another popular explanation is that Spam is an acronym standing for "Specially Processed American Meat" or "Specially Processed Army Meat".[9]
The difficulty of delivering fresh meat to the front during World War II saw Spam become a ubiquitous part of the U.S. soldier's diet. It became variously referred to as "ham that didn't pass its physical", "meatloaf without basic training",[1] and "Special Army Meat". Over 150 million pounds of Spam were purchased by the military before the war's end.[10]
During World War II and the occupations which followed, Spam was introduced into Guam, Hawaii, Okinawa, the Philippines, and other islands in the Pacific. Immediately absorbed into native diets, it has become a unique part of the history and effects of U.S. influence in the Pacific.[11]
As a consequence of World War II rationing and the Lend-Lease Act, Spam also gained prominence in the United Kingdom. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher later referred to it as a "wartime delicacy".[12][13] In addition to increasing production for the U.K., Hormel expanded Spam output as part of Allied aid to the similarly beleaguered Soviet Union.[14] Nikita Khrushchev declared: "Without Spam we wouldn't have been able to feed our army".[15] Throughout the war, countries ravaged by the conflict and faced with strict food rations came to appreciate Spam.[16]
International usage[edit]
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Unclear language Please help improve this article if you can. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
United States and territories[edit]
Domestically, Spam's chief advantages were affordability, accessibility, and extended shelf life.[10] At the time it was introduced, it was the only canned meat product on the market that needed no refrigeration.[17] Statistics from the 1990s say that 3.8 cans of Spam are consumed every second in the United States, totaling nearly 122 million cans annually. It became part of the diet of almost 30% of American households, perceived differently in various regions of the country.[18] It is also sometimes associated with economic hardship because of its relatively low cost.[1]
Spam that is sold in North America, South America, and Australia is produced in Austin, Minnesota (also known as "Spam Town USA") and in Fremont, Nebraska. Austin, Minnesota also has a restaurant with a menu devoted exclusively to Spam, called "Johnny's SPAMarama Menu".[19]
In 1963, Spam was introduced to various private and public schools in South Florida as cheap food and even for art sculptures.[citation needed] Due to the success of the introduction, Hormel Foods also introduced school "color-themed" spam, the first being a blue and green variety which is still traditionally used in some private schools of South Florida.[20]
Hawaii[edit]
Spam musubi is a popular snack and lunch food in Hawaii
Spam is especially popular in the state of Hawaii, where residents have the highest per capita consumption in the United States. Its perception there is very different from on the mainland.[21]
A popular native sushi dish in Hawaii is Spam musubi, where cooked Spam is placed atop rice and wrapped in a band of nori, a form of onigiri.[22] Varieties of Spam are found in Hawaii that are unavailable in other markets, including Honey Spam, Spam with Bacon, and Hot and Spicy Spam.[23]
Hawaiian Burger King restaurants began serving Spam in 2007 to compete with the local McDonald's chains.[11][24] In Hawaii, Spam is so popular that it is sometimes referred to as "The Hawaiian Steak".[25] There is even an annual Spam-themed festival on the island of Oahu that takes place every spring, known as the "Waikiki Spam Jam.[26] Local chefs and restaurants compete to create new Spam-themed dishes, which are then sold in a massive street fair on Kalakaua Avenue in Waikiki.
In 2017, Hawaii was plagued by a rash of thefts of Spam.[27] Spam had long been a target of thieves in Hawaii, but the magnitude of the thefts ramped up, with incidents in which multiple cases of Spam were stolen at once. Local retailers believe organized crime was involved.[27] This came alongside increases in thefts of some other retail goods, such as corned beef and liquor. The president of the retail merchants of Hawaii attributed the rise in retail thefts to a recent change in criminal law, which raised the threshold at which a theft would lead to felony charges by approximately $400.[27]
Guam and the Northern Marianas[edit]
In Guam, average per capita consumption is 16 tins per year. It is also found on McDonald's menus there.[28]
In the Northern Mariana Islands, lawyers from Hormel have threatened legal action against the local press for running articles alleging ill-effects of high Spam consumption on the health of the local population.[29][30]
Puerto Rico[edit]
Sandwich de Mezcla is a party staple in Puerto Rico containing Spam, Velveeta, and pimientos between two slices of sandwich bread.[31]
United Kingdom[edit]
After World War II, Newforge Foods, part of the Fitch Lovell group, was awarded the license to produce the product in the UK at its Gateacre factory, Liverpool,[32] where it stayed until production switched to the Danish Crown Group (owners of the Tulip Food Company) in 1998.[33]
The United Kingdom has adopted Spam into various recipes. For example, recipes include Spam Yorkshire Breakfast, Spamish Omelette, and Spam Hash.[34] Spam can also be sliced, battered and deep-fried into Spam fritters.[35]
Asia[edit]
Spam is often served with rice in Asia.
In China, Hormel decided to adopt a different strategy to market Spam, promoting it as a foreign, premium food product and changing the Spam formula to be meatier in order to accommodate local Chinese tastes.[36]
In Okinawa, Japan, the product is added into onigiri alongside eggs and used as a staple ingredient in the traditional Okinawan dish chanpurū, and a Spam burger is sold by local fast food chain Jef. For the 70th anniversary of Spam in 2007, cans with special designs were sold in Japan due to its popularity, primarily in Okinawa.[37] Following the March 2011 earthquake, Spam sales in Japan declined and Hormel shifted its focus to China[36] although Hormel did pledge to donate $100,000 along with cans of Spam for relief efforts.[38] In the summer of 2011, Burger King introduced its own version of a burger made of Spam, called 'BK Shot' Spam Burgers. These small burgers are filled with slices of the canned meat and were an attempt by Burger King to capitalize on Spam's popularity in Japan.[39] In early 2014, Burger King also introduced the Spam and Cheese burger as a breakfast menu item.[40]
In Hong Kong after World War II, meat was scarce and expensive, so Spam was an accessible, affordable alternative. The luncheon meat has been incorporated into dishes such as macaroni with fried egg and spam in chicken soup, as well as ramen.[41]
In the Philippines, Spam is a popular food item and seen as a cultural symbol. It is prepared and used in a variety of ways, including being fried, served alongside condiments, or used in sandwiches. The canned meat's popularity transcends economic class, and Spam gift sets are even used as homecoming gifts. There are more than 9 different varieties of Spam currently available in the country and an estimated 1.25 million kilos of the meat is sold every year in the Philippines.[42] During the rescue efforts after Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana) in 2009, Hormel Foods donated over 30,000 pounds of Spam to the Philippine National Red Cross.[43]
In later years, the surfeit of Spam in both North and South Korea during the Korean War led to the establishment of the Spam kimbap (rice and vegetable filled seaweed roll). Because of a scarcity of fish and other traditional kimbap products such as kimchi or fermented cabbage, Spam was added to a rice roll with kimchi and cucumber and wrapped in seaweed. Spam was also used by US soldiers in Korea as a means of trading for items, services or information around their bases.[44]
In South Korea, Spam (Hangul: 스팸; RR: seupaem, licensed from Hormel by CJ CheilJedang[45]) is popular with a majority of the population, and outranks Coca-Cola and KFC in status as a foodstuff. Today, South Korea produces and consumes more Spam than any other country except the United States.[46][47]
Spam is also an original ingredient in budae jjigae ("army base stew"), a spicy stew with different types of preserved meat.[48]
Middle East[edit]
Israel[edit]
In Mandatory Palestine, demand for kosher canned meats increased as Spam became more popular during World War II. Canned meat was briefly mentioned during wartime from 1939–43, but the true boom in kosher canned meat came in 1945. This is when kosher canned meat became the key item in Europe's Jewish war victim relief packages. Then in 1946, the Chicago Kosher Sausage Manufacturing Company registered a patent for a kosher canned meat product called Breef. Made of beef, Breef has a similar texture to Spam but tastes like corned beef.[49] Also, a kosher variant of Spam, known as Loof (Hebrew: לוף, a Hebrew linguistic play on meatloaf), was produced by Richard Levi, and mostly used as part of field rations by the Israel Defense Forces. A Glatt kosher version was also produced. It was phased out of field rations during the early 2000s and was finally removed from rations when production ceased in 2009.[50]
In popular culture[edit]
Beginning in 1940, Spam sponsored George Burns and Gracie Allen on their radio program.[51]
During WWII, Spam was not only eaten but was also incorporated into many other aspects of the war (grease for guns, can for scrap metal, etc.); it was so prominent that Uncle Sam was nicknamed "Uncle Spam".[52] Other terms influenced by the product’s name include the European invasion fleet, or the "Spam Fleet". Furthermore, the United Service Organizations (USO) toured the "Spam Circuit".[10]
In the United States in the aftermath of World War II, a troupe of former servicewomen was assembled by Hormel Foods to promote Spam from coast to coast. The group was known as the Hormel Girls and associated the food with being patriotic. In 1948, two years after its formation, the troupe had grown to 60 women with 16 forming an orchestra. The show went on to become a radio program where the main selling point was Spam. The Hormel Girls were disbanded in 1953.[53]
Spam gained a reputation in the United Kingdom and the United States as a poverty food. The image of Spam as a low cost meat product gave rise to the Scottish colloquial term "Spam valley" to describe certain affluent housing areas where residents appear to be wealthy but in reality may be living at poverty levels.[54]
Spam was featured in an iconic 1970 Monty Python sketch called "Spam".[7] Set in a café which only served dishes containing Spam, including "egg and Spam, egg bacon and Spam, Spam egg sausage and Spam, Spam tomato and Spam",[55] the piece also featured a companion song. By the 1990s, Spam's perceived ubiquity led to its name being adopted for unsolicited electronic messages, especially spam email.[56] Because of its use in a line of a song in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the title of the musical version of the film became Spamalot.
Spam is the subject of the "Weird Al" Yankovic song "Spam", which is a parody of the R.E.M. song "Stand".[57]
Other offshoots of Spam in popular culture include a book of haikus about spam titled Spam-Ku: Tranquil Reflections on Luncheon Loaf. There is also a mock Church of Spam, and a Spam Cam which is a webcam trained on a can of decaying spam.[58]
In the 1982 film Sophie's Choice, the character Stingo brings a carton of Spam to his newly-rented room.[59]
Spam is referenced in Island of the Sequined Love Nun by Christopher Moore, where SPAM is explained as Shaped Pork Approximating Man, which was used to explain its popularity amongst Pacific Island Cannibals.[60]
Spam has also been mentioned in the online point and click game "Escape from Plastic Beach" from 2010 on gorillaz.com. In the game it's used as bait for a talking fish.
Spam celebrations[edit]
Former Spam Museum in Austin, Minnesota
Facade of new Spam Museum
Spam is celebrated in Austin, Minnesota, home to the Spam Museum. The museum tells the history of the Hormel company, the origin of Spam, and its place in world culture, including Hawaii where Spam is eaten daily by locals.
Austin is also the location of final judging in the national Spam recipe competition. Competing recipes are collected from winning submissions at the top 40 state fairs in the nation. The Spamettes are a quartet from Austin who only sing about Spam in parodies of popular songs. They first performed at the first Spam Jam in 1990 and continue to perform at various events.[61]
Hawaii holds an annual Spam Jam in Waikiki during the last week of April.[62] The small town of Shady Cove, Oregon is home to the annual Spam Parade and Festival, with the city allocating US$1,500 for it.[63]
Spamarama was a yearly festival held around April Fool's Day in Austin, Texas. The theme of Spamarama was a gentle parody of Spam, rather than a straightforward celebration: the event at the heart of the festival was a Spam cook-off that originated as a challenge to produce the most appetizing recipe for the meat. A rule of the event was that contestants had to be prepared to eat the Spam dish if requested by a judge. The festival included light sporting activities and musical acts, in addition to the cook-off.[64]
Nutritional data[edit]
A can of low-salt Spam
Nutritional label for Spam Less Sodium
The ingredients of Spam vary according to variety and market; those of variety "Spam Classic" are: pork, ham, salt, water, potato starch, sugar, and sodium nitrite.[65]
Nutritional Information for Original Spam[66]
Net weight per package: 340 grams (12 oz.)
Serving size: 100g
Quantity per 100g
Energy 1,300 kJ (310 Calories or kilocalories)
Protein 13g (26% Daily Value or DV)
Total Fat 27g (41% DV)
– saturated fat 10g (49% DV)
Carbohydrates 3g (1% DV)
Sodium 1369 mg (57% DV)
Cholesterol 70 mg (23% DV)
Vitamins and Minerals (% DV) 1% Vitamin C, 1% Calcium, 5% Iron,
3% Magnesium, 9% Potassium, 12% Zinc,
and 5% Copper
Varieties[edit]
As listed on the official Spam website, there are numerous different flavors of Spam products, including:
Spam Classic – original flavor
Spam Hot & Spicy – with Tabasco flavor
Jalapeño Spam
Spam with Black Pepper
Spam Low Sodium – "25% less sodium"
Spam Lite – "33% fewer calories, 25% less sodium, and 50% less fat" – made from pork with ham, and mechanically separated chicken
Spam Oven Roasted Turkey
Spam Hickory Smoked
Spam Spread – "if you're a spreader, not a slicer ... just like Spam Classic, but in a spreadable form"
Spam Bacon
Spam Cheese
Spam Garlic
Spam Teriyaki
Spam Chorizo
Spam Boricua – seasoned Puerto Rican-style flavor
Spam Macadamia Nuts – Partnered with Hamakua Plantation
Spam Turkey
Spam Tocino
Spam Portuguese Sausage
In addition to the variety of flavors, Spam is sold in tins smaller than the twelve-ounce standard size. Spam Singles are also available, which are single sandwich-sized slices of Spam Classic or Lite, sealed in retort pouches.[67]
See also[edit]
Food portal
Bologna sausage
Breakfast food
Corned beef
Loco moco – a Hawaiian dish that uses Spam in some versions
Potted meat food product
Treet
Tushonka – a canned, stewed meat
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Martin, Andrew (November 15, 2008). "Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More". The New York Times. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Spam – Postwar Popularity". Hormel Foods. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "Spam Brand History". Spam. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Belinda; Clapton, Barbara; Tipton, Catherine (2002). Food Technology. Heinemann. p. 20.
Jump up ^ Jones, Lisa (October 2006). Men's Health. Rodale Inc. p. 132.
Jump up ^ "RFC 2635 – DON\x27T SPEW A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings and Postings (spam*):". Retrieved September 29, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Waxman, Olivia B. (2017-07-05). "Spam Turns 80: History and Origins of Canned Meat". Time.com. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
Jump up ^ "What does the SPAM brand name mean?", SPAM® Brand FAQ, Spam
Jump up ^ "Why is Spam (that revolting tinned luncheon meat) called Spam? It sounds like it has something to do with ham, but why the sp-?". The Guardian. 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, Andrew (May 1, 2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. pp. 559–60. ISBN 978-0-19988576-3.
^ Jump up to: a b "Burger King to Serve Spam in Hawaii". Yahoo! News. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Howard Yoon (July 4, 2007). "Spam: More than Junk Mail or Junk Meat" (npr.org).
Jump up ^ Stranska, Hana (July 24, 1994). "About Spam". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Atkins, Annette (2008). Creating Minnesota: A History From the Inside Out. Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-87351-633-4. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Smith, Andrew F., ed. (2012). The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Food and Drink in America. Oxford University Press. p. 343. ISBN 0199734968.
Jump up ^ Heydt, Bruce. "Spam Again" . America in WWII, June 2006.
Jump up ^ Ruvio, Ayalla A. (2 July 2017). "How Spam became one of the most iconic American brands of all time". The Conversation (website). Retrieved 6 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Kim, Sojin; Livengood, Mark (1995). “Ramen Noodles and Spam: Popular Foods, Significant Tastes”, pp. 2–11. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More". The New York Times. November 14, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hormel Foundation History". Thehormelfoundation.com. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lovegren, Sylvia (2005). Fashionable food: seven decades of food fads. United States: University of Chicago Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-226-49407-4. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Spam – Hawaiian Spam Musubi". Whatscookingamerica.net. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Song, Jaymes (June 11, 2007). "Burger giants wage Spam war". The Star. Toronto.
Jump up ^ Huppert, Boyd (May 17, 2007). "Land of 10,000 Stories – Spam in Paradise". KARE11 News.
Jump up ^ "The Spam That Isn't Via E-Mail". The New York Times. April 7, 2003. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Welcome - Waikiki Spam Jam". Welcome. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c Singh, Lakshmi (22 October 2017). "Hawaii's Spate Of Spam Heists". NPR. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why is Spam Brand a Household Name?". Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Organic smoke (and mirrors)". Saipan Tribune. July 21, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "A junkie waiting to happen". Saipan Tribune. July 14, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Receta: Sandwichitos para fiestas". August 12, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ The story of Fitch Lovell Ambrose Keevil Phillimore Press 1972 ISBN 978-0-85033-074-8
Jump up ^ "Tulip Food Company". english.tulip.dk. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Spam—UK". Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Spam Fritters" (PDF). Retrieved October 6, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Spam's Long March in China". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. August 4, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sieg, Linda (March 12, 2008). "Okinawa cuisine: tofu, Spam and root beer". Reuters. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hormel Foods Pledges to Relief Efforts in Japan". Reuters. March 17, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Forget Spam fritters, now Burger King is selling Spam burgers… for women". Daily Mail. June 15, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bleier, Evan (May 1, 2014). "Burger King introduces Spam and cheese burger in Japan, for breakfast". United Press International. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Why is Spam served in Hong Kong diners on top of macaroni noodles?". HK Magazine. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Matejowsky, Ty (March 1, 2007). "SPAM and Fast-food "Glocalization" in the Philippines". Food, Culture and Society: An International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. 10 (1): 23–41. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Hormel Foods Announces Donation to Philippines". Web wire. October 8, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "In Korea, It's Spam Time of Year".
Jump up ^ "스팸 (SPAM)". CJ CheilJedang. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lewis, George H. (2004). "From Minnesota Fat to Seoul Food: Spam in America and the Pacific Rim". The Journal of Popular Culture, volume 34, issue 2. , [1]
Jump up ^ "In South Korea, Spam Is the Stuff Gifts Are Made Of". The New York Times. January 26, 2014. >
Jump up ^ Walraven, Boudewijn; Breuker, Remco E. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies : essays in honour of Boudewijn Walraven. Leiden: CNWS Publications. pp. 255–257. ISBN 978-90-5789-153-3. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kosher Spam: A Breef History". Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "הצדעה ללוף, שייצורו הופסק באחרונה בישראל" [Salute for Loof, production of which was recently ceased in Israel]. mouse.co.il. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Brown, Ray Broadus (2001). The Guide to United States Popular Culture. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 762.
Jump up ^ Civitello, Linda (March 29, 2011). Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People. John Wiley & Sons. p. 347. ISBN 9780470403716.
Jump up ^ Danelle D. Keck, Jill M. Sullivan (2007). "The Hormel Girls, American Music, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Fall, 2007), pp. 282–311". University of Illinois Press. JSTOR 40071663.
Jump up ^ Hardill, Irene; Graham, David; Kofman, Eleonore (2001). Human geography of the UK: an introduction. London: Routledge. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-0-415-21426-1. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Spam". Monty Python. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
Jump up ^ "Merriam Webster Dictionary". Merriam-Webster.
Jump up ^ "WEIRD AL YANKOVIC – SPAM LYRICS". Retrieved August 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "TNR Film Classics: 'Sophie's Choice' (January 10, 1983)". newrepublic.com. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The magical, mystical world of SPAM - AOL Finance". Aol.com. 2008-12-29. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
Jump up ^ "Singing Spam's praises". July 7, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hormel Foods (2010). "Spam Jam Waikiki 2010". Hormel Foods Corporation. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Pitto, Christy (December 7, 2010). "Shady Cove issues- riparian, event insurance and liability". Upper Rogue Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Spamarama website". Retrieved August 11, 2006.
Jump up ^ "What is Spam Classic?". spam.com. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nutritional Facts and Analysis for Spam". Nutritiondata.com. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "SPAM© Products". Store.spam.com. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spam (food).
Look up spam in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Official website – United States
Collection of mid-twentieth century advertising featuring Spam from The TJS Labs Gallery of Graphic Design.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spam_(food)&oldid=813177594"
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