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Everybody Wants to Rule the World
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"Everybody Wants to Rule the World"
Single by Tears for Fears
from the album Songs from the Big Chair
B-side
"Pharaohs"
Released
1985
Format
CD
7"
10"
12"
Genre
New wave
Length
4:11
Label
Phonogram (UK)
Mercury (US)
Vertigo (Canada)
Songwriter(s)
Roland Orzabal
Ian Stanley
Chris Hughes
Producer(s)
Hughes
Tears for Fears singles chronology
"Shout"
(1984) "Everybody Wants to Rule the World"
(1985) "Head over Heels"
(1985)
Music video
"Everybody Wants To Rule The World" on YouTube
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is a song recorded by English band Tears for Fears. It was written by Roland Orzabal, Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes with production handled by Hughes. The song was released in 1985 by Phonogram, Mercury and Vertigo Records as the third single from their second album, Songs from the Big Chair (1985). "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is a new wave song with frowning guitar chords, descending keyboards and distressed vocals in its production. Its lyrics detail the desire humans have for control and power and centers on themes of corruption.
Music critics praised "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" in their retrospective reviews, with some including the song in their respective decade lists. It is regarded as the group's signature song, along with "Shout" (1984). Commercially, the song garnered success on charts internationally, peaking at number two in Ireland and the United Kingdom and at number one in Canada, New Zealand and on the Billboard Hot 100. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was certified gold by both Music Canada (MC) and the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).
Nigel Dick directed the song's accompanying music video which received promotion from MTV. It shows the group's lead singer, Curt Smith riding an antique Austin-Healey 3000 sports car around various locations in Southern California intercut with shots of the band performing the song in a studio. In 1986, the song won "Best Single" at the Brit Awards. The group re-recorded the song as a charity single for the Sport Aid campaign. New Zealand singer Lorde recorded a cover of the song which was included in the soundtrack for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013).
Contents
1 Background and recording
2 Production and release
3 Composition and lyrical interpretation
4 Reception
5 Commercial performance
6 B-side: "Pharaohs"
7 Music video
8 Formats and track listings
9 Credits and personnel
10 Charts and certifications
10.1 Weekly charts
10.2 Year-end charts
10.3 Certifications and sales
11 Covers and re-releases
11.1 Everybody Wants to Run the World
11.2 Lorde version
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Background and recording[edit]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was written by Roland Orzabal, Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes with production handled by the latter. It was revealed that the song was a "last-minute" addition during recording sessions of Songs from the Big Chair (1985). The decision to include the song in the album came after Orzabal played two chords on his acoustic guitar for Hughes.[1] It was recorded in two weeks and later added as the final track on the album. According to Orzabal, he initially regarded the song as a lightweight that would not fit with the rest of the album. In an interview with Mix magazine, Hughes admitted that "as a piece of recording history, [the song is] bland as hell." The lyrics of the song were originally "everybody wants to go to war", which Orzabal felt was lackluster.[2] However, Hughes convinced Orzabal to record it, in a calculated effort to gain American chart success. Orzabal acknowledged that the shuffle beat used in the song was "alien" to their way of writing music, stating it was "jolly rather than square and rigid in the manner of "Shout", but it continued the process of becoming more extrovert." Curt Smith, the group's lead singer, mentioned the concept of the song was "quite serious – it's about everybody wanting power, about warfare and the misery it causes."[3]
Production and release[edit]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was co-written by Roland Orzabal, Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes, with production from the latter. Instrumentation was handled by Orzabal, who played guitar and keyboards, Curt Smith played bass guitar while Stanley played keyboards and used LinnDrum programming. Stanley and Manny Elias utilized the Oberheim DMX drum machine with Elias playing drums. Additional credits includes Hughes, who is credited with MIDI programming, the Oberheim DMX drum machine and drums, Neil Taylor, with the song's second guitar solo and Dave Bascombe with engineering.[4] "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was released in 1985 through Phonogram, Mercury and Vertigo Records as the third single from the band's second album, Songs from the Big Chair.[5] The song was released for sale (as a 7-inch,[6] 10-inch[7] and 12-inch[8] vinyl set) which included its B-side, interviews from the band and different versions of the song.[9] To accommodate the vinyl release, a CD video set was also distributed and included the song's music video along audios of bonus tracks.[10][11]
Composition and lyrical interpretation[edit]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World"
A sample of "Everybody Wants to Rule the World", a new wave song with lyrics detailing the human desire for power as well as corruption.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is a new wave song[12][13] with frowning guitar chords, descending keyboards and distressed vocals in its production.[14] The song is set in the key of D major with a 12
8 time signature and a tempo of 112 beats per minute.[15] The band stated that the driving shuffle rhythm was influenced by Simple Minds' 1983 song "Waterfront".[16] Its lyrics detail the desire humans have for control and power.[17][18] Tal Rosenberg of Pitchfork described the song as having a "twinkling synth" along with a "spider-like guitar" at the beginning of the track as well as a "snappy" instrumental leading to the first verse, a shuffling dream-like beat, a "galvanizing" bridge, a moody instrumental passage, a shift in melody in another verse and two guitar solos.[1][19]
Pitchfork stated that the song's lyrics can be applied in different scenarios such as the environment ("Turn your back on mother nature"), short-lived financial success ("Help me make the most of freedom and of pleasure/Nothing ever lasts forever"), dictatorial rule ("Even while we sleep/We will find you"), and the Cold War ("Holding hands while the walls come tumbling down").[1] The group revisited the song and its message in an interview with Yahoo! Music, stating that the song's themes were "just as poignant" as they were when they first wrote it. They mentioned that they discussed the Cold War with "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" and Songs from the Big Chair but that was the "U.S. and Russia then, and now the concern is more with the U.S. and [North] Korea."[20] Marc Ambinder from The Atlantic used the lyrics "Say that you'll never, never, never need it / One headline, why believe it? / Everybody wants to rule the world" in his article about the United States government's use of "original classified authority" and the abuse of power between the branches of government.[21]
Reception[edit]
Consequence of Sound editor Michael Roffman praised the group for being able to produce a "timeless and influential composition" with minimal effort. Roffman also noted that "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was appropriate when it was first time, calling it a "meditative commentary on an era that was so corrupt economically and spiritually."[17] AllMusic's Stanton Swihart expressed in his retrospective review that the group "perfectly captured the zeitgeist of the mid-'80s while impossibly managing to also create a dreamy, timeless pop classic."[22] Pitchfork called it a song with "near-universal appeal", as well as a staple for "classic-rock radio, pharmacies, bars, and parties."[1] In their review for the best albums of the 1980s, Eric Henderson from Slant Magazine stated that the song "seems like one of the great indictments of the materialism and false triumphalism of the decade."[23]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was voted voted the 25th best single in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 1985 with 17 points, sharing the spot with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers' "Don't Come Around Here No More" (1985) and Sade's "Smooth Operator" (1984).[24] Pitchfork placed the song at number 82 on their list for the best songs of the 80s expressing that "underneath the synth-pop sheen, its vague message" and its lesson in how power-driven society could be, the song was able to reach "Reagan and Margaret-era youth fed up with political greed."[18] Kevin Korber from Spectrum Culture ranked the song at 24 on his 80s decade list, calling the song a "testament to how much of a free-for-all the pop landscape was in the 1980s." Korber dismissed the song's vague lyrics but praised its complex melodic structure, saying it was "both the perfect representation of its time and a timeless composition."[25] Treble included the song at number 49 on their decade list.[26]
In 1986, the song won "Best Single" at the Brit Awards. Band member and co-writer Roland Orzabal argued that the song deserved to win the Ivor Novello International Hit of the Year award, claiming that the winner—"19" by Paul Hardcastle—was not an actual song, but only a "dialogue collage".[27] In 2015, 30 years after its release, the song was honoured at the annual BMI Awards in London for achieving 6 million radio airplays.[28] "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is regarded as the group's signature song, along with "Shout" (1984).[17]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" was banned for broadcast by the BBC during the duration of the first Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991) due to the song's political themes.[29]
Commercial performance[edit]
In the United Kingdom, "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" debuted at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, in the issue dated 24 March 1985.[30] On the week of 14 April 1985, the song peaked at number two, behind the charity single "We Are the World" (1985) recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists (USA) for Africa.[31] "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" received a gold certification by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 13 April 2018 for 500,000 sales.[32] The song peaked at number three in Belgium and at number two in both the Netherlands and Ireland.[33][34][35] In Canada, the song reached the number one spot,[36] earning a gold certification from Music Canada (MC) for 40,000 sales shipments on 1 May 1985.[37] In Australia, the song reached the number two position.[38] On the report dated 19 May 1985, the song debuted at number four on the New Zealand Top 40 Singles chart; it would later peak at number one.[39] It was certified Gold by the Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ) for sales of 10,000.[40]
In the United States, "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" debuted at number 70 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the issue dated 16 March 1985.[41] On the week of 27 April 1985, the song rose to number 18.[42] On the week of 8 June 1985, the song moved 2-1, replacing Wham!'s "Everything She Wants" (1984) as the number one on the chart;[43] it would spent a total of two weeks in this position. The song was a commercial success in other American markets, peaking at number two on the Adult Contemporary and Top Rock Tracks and charting at number one on the Hot Dance Club Play,[44] Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales and Cash Box charts.[44][45]
B-side: "Pharaohs"[edit]
"Pharaohs" uses a 1984 recording of Brian Perkins reading a shipping forecast on various North Sea locations (pictured)[46]
"Pharaohs" is the B-side to the "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" single. It samples a recording of BBC Radio 4 announcer Brian Perkins reading the Shipping Forecast for the North Sea region of the United Kingdom.[46] The title of the song has an identical enunciation to the Faroe Islands ("Faroes"), one of the places referenced in the forecast. Orzabal, Ian Stanley, Curt Smith and Hughes share writing credits.[4] "Pharaohs" is included on the Groove Armada compilation album Back to Mine (2000).[47] Chris Hughes wrote about the song in the liner notes of Saturnine Martial & Lunatic, saying:
No matter how horrifying the conditions may really be, the voice reading the shipping forecast is deliberately calm and relaxed. Recorded at the Wool Hall for the B-side of 'Everybody' in a calm and relaxed way.[4]
"Pharaohs" shipping forecast read by Brian Perkins:
There are warnings of gales in Viking, Forties, Cromarty, Forth, Fisher, Dover, Wight, Portland, Plymouth, Finisterre, Sole, Lundy, Fastnet, Shannon, Rockall, Malin, Hebrides, Bailey, Fair Isle, Faroes and Southeast Iceland.
The general synopsis at one eight double-O: low just north of Viking, nine double-seven, moving steadily east-northeast.
Low 300 miles south of Iceland. Atlantic low forming, moving steadily northeast.
A ridge of high pressure has swayed between North and South Utsire. The area forecast for the next twenty-four hours. Viking, Forties, Cromarty, Forth.[4]
Music video[edit]
The roadside attraction Cabazon Dinosaurs (pictured) is shown briefly in the video.
The promotional clip for "Everybody Wants to Rule the World", filmed in early 1985, was directed by music video producer Nigel Dick. It was filmed in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, a desert in Southern California, the Salton Sea and Cabazon as well as a London studio.[48][49] Curt Smith admitted to Pitchfork that video shoot was a "disaster"; director Nigel Dick was "in tears" on the second night of shooting.[48] Smith also mentioned that there was an accident while filming the "dirt bikes and four-wheel off-road vehicles" scene, with one child flying out of a vehicle and smashing his head, leaving him unconscious.[48]
The video begins with Smith driving an antique Austin-Healey 3000 sports car while a toddler shoots an unloaded gun in Smith's direction.[48] The car is then seen driving through a desert, this scene is intercut with the band performing the song in a studio. Smith parks the car at the Wheel Inn diner while he makes a call from a telephone booth; the camera pans to show a statue of a man riding a horse nearby. Smith leaves the booth in the car from the previous scene singing the song's lyrics. The following scene shows two black men in suits performing synchronized dance movements in front of two gas pump stations.[50] An overhead shot of people riding dune buggies through sand dunes is also shown. The video ends with Smith in the same sand dune singing with black sunglasses.[51]
The music video promoted the group in America, due to "heavy rotation" on the music video channel MTV.[52] HuffPost editor Daryl Deino ranked the video at number three on their year-end list for best music videos of 1985 stating that the video "represents pure Americana as it was in 1985". Deino also mentioned that the video "proves that at times, artists were able to do so much with so little."[52]
Formats and track listings[edit]
7": Mercury / IDEA 9 (UK)[6]
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" – 4:11
B. "Pharaohs" – 3:42
Double 7" Special Limited Edition: Mercury / IDEA 99 (UK)[9]
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" – 4:11
B. "Pharaohs" – 3:42
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World (Urban Mix)" – 6:06
B. "Roland & Curt Interviewed" – 7:30
10": Mercury / IDEA 910 (UK)[7]
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" – 4:11
B. "Pharaohs" – 3:42
12": Mercury / IDEA 912 (UK)[8]
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World (Extended Version)" – 5:43
B1. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World (7"Version)" – 4:11
B2. "Pharaohs" – 3:42
Urban Mix 12": Mercury / IDEA 912 (UK)[53]
A. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World (Urban Mix)" – 6:06
B. "Everybody Wants to Rule the World (Instrumental)" – 4:26
CD Video: Mercury / 080 032-2 (UK, PAL)[10]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Audio) – 4:10
"The Marauders" (Audio) – 4:13
"When In Love With a Blind Man" (Audio) – 2:22
"Pharaohs" (Audio) – 3:39
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Video) – 4:41
CD Video: Mercury / 870 745-2 (US, NTSC)[11]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Audio) – 4:10
"The Marauders" (Audio) – 4:13
"When In Love With a Blind Man" (Audio) – 2:22
"Pharaohs" (Audio) – 3:39
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Video) – 4:41
Credits and personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Saturnine Martial & Lunatic.[4]
Tears for Fears
Roland Orzabal – guitar, keyboards, vocals
Curt Smith – bass guitar, lead vocals
Ian Stanley – keyboards, LinnDrum programming, Oberheim DMX
Manny Elias – drums, Oberheim DMX
Additional personnel
Neil Taylor – second guitar solo
Chris Hughes – producer, drums, Oberheim DMX, MIDI programming
Dave Bascombe – engineer
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1985)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[38]
2
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[54]
19
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[33]
3
Canada (The Record)[36]
1
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[55]
1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[56]
1
France (SNEP)[57]
18
Germany (Official German Charts)[58]
11
Ireland (IRMA)[35]
2
Italy (FIMI)[59]
11
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[34]
2
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[60]
2
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[39]
1
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[61]
14
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[62]
13
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[31]
2
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[44]
2
US Billboard Hot 100[44]
1
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[44]
1
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales[44]
1
US Billboard Top Rock Tracks[44]
2
US Cash Box[45]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1985)
Rank
Australia (Kent Music Report)[63]
36
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[64]
31
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[65]
19
Italy (FIMI)[59]
86
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[66]
20
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[67]
31
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[68]
9
UK Singles (Official Single Chart)[69]
24
US Billboard Hot 100[70]
7
US Cash Box[71]
3
Certifications and sales[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[37]
Gold 50,000^
Italy (FIMI)[72]
Gold 25,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[40]
Gold 10,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[73]
Gold 500,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Covers and re-releases[edit]
Other artists have recorded or performed versions of "Everybody Wants to Rule the World". American singer Gloria Gaynor recorded a cover of the song for her twelfth studio album, The Power of Gloria Gaynor (1986).[74] Ken Boothe also released a reggae version of the song that appeared on a compilation album titled The Tide Is High – ReggaeRocks A Tribute to Rock 'N' Roll (2001).[74] American hip hop artist Nas sampled the guitar riff from "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" on his 2001 song "Rule".[74] American jazz trio The Bad Plus recorded a version of the song from their 2007 album, Prog.[74] It was also covered by American singer Patti Smith and released on her tenth studio album, Twelve (2007). American rock band Ted Leo and the Pharmacists performed a cover of the song on The A.V. Club's "Undercover" series on 16 March 2010.[74] American multi-instrumentalist Mayer Hawthorne released a "retrofit '60s R&B" cover of the song.[74]
Everybody Wants to Run the World[edit]
"Everybody Wants to Run the World"
Single by Tears for Fears
Released
1986
Format
7"
12"
Length
4:30
Label
Phonogram
Mercury
Songwriter(s)
Roland Orzabal
Ian Stanley
Chris Hughes
Producer(s)
Tears for Fears
Tears for Fears singles chronology
"I Believe (A Soulful Re-Recording)"
(1985) "Everybody Wants to Run the World"
(1986) "Mothers Talk"
(1986)
"Everybody Wants to Run the World" is a re-recording of the band's song "Everybody Wants to Rule the World". The reworked single was released in 1986 as the theme song for the Sport Aid campaign, a charitable event held to raise money for famine relief in Africa.[75] The group did not attend the event, saying, "Geldof announced we were playing. He didn't ask us. I was pissed off. We went on holiday."[76] It was a success in the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's sixth top 5 hit, peaking at number 5 in June 1986.[77] The song also reached number 4 in Ireland.[78]
Chart (1986)
Peak
position
Ireland (IRMA)[78]
4
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[77]
5
Lorde version[edit]
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World"
Song by Lorde
from the album The Hunger Games: Catching Fire
Released
2013
Length
2:35
Label
Republic
Mercury
Songwriter(s)
Roland Orzabal
Ian Stanley
Chris Hughes
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire track listing
show
12 tracks
"Atlas"
"Silhouettes"
"Elastic Heart"
"Lean"
"We Remain"
"Devil May Cry"
"Who We Are"
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World
"Gale Song"
"Mirror"
"Capitol Letter"
"Shooting Arrows at the Sky"
New Zealand singer Lorde recorded a cover of the song for the soundtrack of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013).[79] The cover was produced by Peter Shurkin and Natalie Baartz with arrangement by Michael A. Levine and Lucas Cantor.[80] It was later used in the cinematic trailer of Assassin's Creed Unity at E3 2014, which celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of the Creative Assembly's Total War video game series,[81] promotional videos for the BBC First network,[82] and the 2015 BBC TV series Banished.[83] It was also used during season 4 of Homeland.[84][85] Orzabal praised Lorde for reinventing the cover, stating that the group finds it interesting when artists take what they do and reinterpret it.[86]
Critics were positively receptive to the cover, some praised it for its darker atmosphere mood although others criticized it for stripping away the song's original upbeat composition.[87][88] David Haglund from Slate stated that while the song "doesn't top the great original, it does memorably reinvent it."[89] Sam Lansky from Idolator called the cover "haunting and melodramatic".[90] Conversely, Stereogum editor Nate Patrin criticized the chorus and production but praised the "aloof strangeness" in Lorde's vocals for being able to carry the song "past the usual Dramatic Reenvisionings."[74] Paste included the cover at number 8 on their 2013 year-end list for covers.[91] Her cover appeared on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 14.[92] It reached number 53 in Australia,[82] number 65 in the United Kingdom,[93] number 93 in France,[94] and number 27 on the US Hot Rock Songs chart.[95]
Chart (2013–2014)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[82]
53
France (SNEP)[94]
93
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[92]
14
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[93]
65
US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)[95]
27
See also[edit]
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1985
List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1985
List of number-one dance singles of 1985 (U.S.)
List of number-one singles of 1985 (Canada)
List of number-one singles from the 1980s (New Zealand)
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^ Jump up to: a b "Cash Box Top 100 Singles – Week ending June 8, 1985". Cash Box. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Compton, Nic (2016). The Shipping Forecast: A Miscellany. BBC Worldwide Americas. p. 16. ISBN 9781785940293.
Jump up ^ "Back to Mine – Groove Armada". Amazon. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Marks, Craig; Tannenbaum, Rob (27 October 2011). "I Want My MTV". Pitchfork. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Wuench, Kevin (6 January 2015). "The '80s are not without love for the Cabazon Dinosaurs". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Picks and Pans Review: Everybody Wants to Rule the World". People. Vol. 23 no. 22. 3 June 1985. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Tears for Fears - Everybody Wants to Rule the World on YouTube
^ Jump up to: a b Deino, Daryl (14 March 2017). "Best Music Videos of 1985: David Lee Roth, A-Ha, and Phil Collins". HuffPost. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Everybody Wants to Rule the World (UK 12-inch Single liner notes). Tears for Fears. Mercury Records. 1985.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Tears For Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 9378." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 0533." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Tears For Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Tears For Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "I singoli più venduti del 1985" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Creative Commons. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Tears For Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1969 – 1989 Acts (T)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Tears For Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1985" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "RPM's Top 100 Singles of 1985". RPM. Vol. 43 no. 16. 28 December 1985. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1985" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1985" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1985". Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles". Music Week. London, England: Spotlight Publications. 18 January 1986. p. 10.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1985". The Longbored Surfer. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Cash Box Year-End Charts: 1985". Cash Box. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Tears for Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Tears for Fears – Everybody Wants to Rule the World". British Phonographic Industry. Select singles in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Everybody Wants to Rule the World in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Patrin, Nate (29 March 2017). "Gotcha Covered: "Everybody Wants To Rule The World"". Stereogum. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ McAleer, Dave (2001). Hit Singles: Top 20 Charts from 1954 to the Present Day. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 268. ISBN 9780879308087.
Jump up ^ Corless, Damian (12 July 2015). "Calling out around the world... Remembering Live Aid". Irish Independent. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Everybody Wants to Run the World". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Ehrlich, Brenna (30 September 2013). "Is Lorde's 'Catching Fire' Track an 80's Cover?". MTV News. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Jump up ^ The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (Media notes). Various artists. Republic Records / Mercury Records. 2013.
Jump up ^ "Assassin's Creed Unity trailer". Newshub. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The ARIA Report" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Pandora Archive. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Teaser: Banished > Music Played". BBC Two. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Stern, Marlow (29 August 2014). "Exclusive Look: 'Homeland' Season 4, Featuring the Music of Lorde". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Royals Soundtrack: S1 · E10 · Our Wills and Fates Do So Contrary Run". TuneFind. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Ragogna, Mike (17 December 2013). "From The Hunger Games to Animal Collective, The Hurting and Beyond: Conversations With Tears For Fears' Roland Orzabal & Curt Smith". HuffPost. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Whitehill, Gaby (13 November 2013). "Listen: Lorde Covers 'Everybody Wants to Rule the World'". Gigwise. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Molloy, Tim (12 November 2013). "'Hunger Games': Hear Lorde's Icy 'Everybody Wants to Rule the World' Cover (Audio)". The Wrap. Yahoo!. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Haglund, David (12 November 2013). "Lorde Sings "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" for The Hunger Games". Slate. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Lansky, Sam (12 November 2013). "Lorde Covers Tears For Fears' "Everybody Wants To Rule The World": Listen". Idolator. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Kane, Tyler (18 December 2013). "The 15 Best Cover Songs of 2013". Paste. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Charts.nz – Lorde – Everybody Wants To Rule The World". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lescharts.com – Lorde – Everybody Wants To Rule The World" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lorde Chart History (Hot Rock Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The appointment and confirmation of Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States involves several steps set forth by the United States Constitution, which have been further refined and developed by decades of tradition. Candidates are nominated by the President of the United States and must face a series of hearings in which both the nominee and other witnesses make statements and answer questions before the Senate Judiciary Committee, which can vote to send the nomination to the full United States Senate. Confirmation by the Senate allows the President to formally appoint the candidate to the court.
Contents
[hide]
1 Nomination
2 Confirmation
3 Recess appointments
4 Tenure and vacancies
5 References
Nomination[edit]
Article Two of the United States Constitution requires the President of the United States to nominate Supreme Court Justices and, with Senate confirmation, requires Justices to be appointed. This was for the division of power between the President and Senate by the founders, who wrote:
he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court...
Upon the election of a new President, incoming White House staff prepare profiles of possible candidates for the Supreme Court, considering not only judges but also politicians and other individuals whom they consider appropriate for the role. Besides considering national figures whose views are well-known, they consider others who are less recognized. They go through published rulings, articles, speeches, and other background material to get an idea of candidates' values and views on constitutional issues. Age, health, race, gender, and likelihood of confirmation are also factored into considerations. Once a Supreme Court vacancy opens, the President discusses the candidates with advisors. Senators also call the President with suggestions. After a first choice is decided, the candidate is contacted and called on by the President to serve on the highest court. Staffers send a vetting form for the candidate to fill out. They visit the candidate to go over tax records and payments to domestic help. Candidates whom the President has never met are interviewed by White House officials before being sent to the White House to be interviewed in person by the President. After making a final decision, the President calls the candidate, who is told to prepare a statement for an appearance in front of the national press for the President's formal announcement.
Most Presidents nominate individuals who broadly share their ideological views.[1] In many cases, however, a Justice's decisions may be contrary to what the nominating President anticipated. A famous instance was Chief Justice Earl Warren; President Dwight D. Eisenhower expected him to be a conservative judge, but his decisions are arguably among the most liberal in the Court's history. Eisenhower later called the appointment "the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made".[2] Another Justice whose decisions ran contrary to what was believed to be his ideology was David Souter, who was nominated to the high court in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush. Many pundits and politicians at the time expected Souter to be a conservative; however, after becoming a Justice, his opinions generally fell on the liberal side of the political spectrum.
Because the Constitution does not set any qualifications for service as a Justice, the President may nominate any individual to serve on the Court. However, that person must receive the confirmation of the Senate.
Confirmation[edit]
In modern times, the confirmation process has attracted considerable attention from special-interest groups, many of which lobby senators to confirm or to reject a nominee, depending on whether the nominee's track record aligns with the group's views. The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts hearings, questioning nominees to determine their suitability. By convention, nominees avoid revealing too much about their views on potential cases that may come before the Court. At the close of confirmation hearings, the Committee votes on whether the nomination should go to the full Senate with a positive, negative or neutral report.
The Roberts Court (April 2017 - present). Front row (left to right): Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Anthony Kennedy, John Roberts (Chief Justice), Clarence Thomas, and Stephen Breyer. Back row (left to right): Elena Kagan, Samuel A. Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, and Neil Gorsuch.
The Committee's practice of personally interviewing nominees is relatively recent, beginning with Harlan Fiske Stone in 1925. Some western senators were concerned with his links to Wall Street and expressed their opposition when Stone was nominated. Stone proposed what was then the novelty of appearing before the Judiciary Committee to answer questions; his testimony helped secure a confirmation vote with very little opposition. The second nominee to appear before the Committee was Felix Frankfurter, who only addressed (at the Committee's request) what he considered to be slanderous allegations against him.[3] The modern practice of the Committee questioning nominees on their judicial views began with the nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in 1955; the nomination came shortly after the Court handed down the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, and several Southern senators attempted to block Harlan's confirmation, hence the decision to testify.[4][5]
Once the Committee reports out the nomination, the whole Senate considers it. A simple majority vote is required to confirm or to reject a nominee. Prior to 2017, a successful filibuster threat could add the requirement of a supermajority of 60 needed in favor of cloture, which would allow debate to end and force a final vote on confirmation. Rejections are relatively uncommon; the Senate has explicitly rejected twelve Supreme Court nominees in its history. The most recent rejection of a nominee by vote of the full Senate came in 1987, when the Senate refused to confirm Robert Bork.
Not everyone nominated by the President has received a floor vote in the Senate. Prior to 2017 a nominee could be filibustered once debate on the nomination had begun in the full Senate. A filibuster indefinitely prolongs the debate, preventing a final vote on the nominee. President Lyndon Johnson's nomination of sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1968 was the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee. It included both Republican and Democratic senators concerned with Fortas's ethics. President Donald Trump's nomination of Neil Gorsuch to the seat vacated by Antonin Scalia was the second. Unlike the Fortas filibuster, however, only Democratic Senators voted against cloture on the Gorsuch nomination, citing his perceived conservative judicial philosophy, and the Republican majority's prior refusal to take up Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy.[6][7][8] This led the Republican majority to change the rules and eliminate the filibuster for Supreme Court nominations.[9]
Not every Supreme Court nominee has received a floor vote in the Senate. A president may withdraw a nomination before an actual confirmation vote occurs, typically because it is clear that the Senate will reject the nominee; this occurred most recently with the nomination of Harriet Miers in 2006 before Committee hearings had begun, citing concerns about Senate requests during her confirmation process for access to internal Executive Branch documents resulting from her position as White House Counsel. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan withdrew the nomination of Douglas H. Ginsburg because of news reports containing marijuana use allegations.
The Senate may also fail to act on the nomination, which expires at the end of the session. For example, President Dwight Eisenhower's first nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in November 1954 was not acted on by the Senate; Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in January 1955, and Harlan was confirmed two months later. Most recently, the Senate failed to act on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland in March 2016 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Antonin Scalia; the nomination expired in January 2017, and the vacancy was later filled by President Trump's appointment of Neil Gorsuch.[10]
Before 1981 the approval process of Justices was usually rapid. From the Truman through Nixon administrations, Justices were typically approved within one month. From the Reagan administration to the present, however, the process has taken much longer. According to the Congressional Research Service, the average number of days from nomination to final Senate vote since 1975 is 67 days (2.2 months), while the median is 71 days (or 2.3 months).[11][12] Some believe this is because Congress sees Justices as playing a more political role than in the past.[13] The perceived politicization of the process has drawn criticism. For example, columnist George F. Will termed the defeat of Robert Bork's nomination "unjust" and, more generally, that the nomination process does "not delve deeply into the nominee's jurisprudential thinking."[14] Supreme Court nominations have caused media speculation about whether the judge leans to the left, middle, or right.[15] One indication of the politicized selection process is how much time each nominee spends being questioned under the glare of media coverage; before 1925, nominees were never questioned;[16] after 1955, every nominee has been required to appear before the Senate Judiciary Committee and answer questions; and the hours spent being grilled have lengthened from single digits (before 1980) to double digits today.[17] Another example of the politicization of the process was the Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination, which remained before the Senate far longer than any other nominee.
Following is a table of the approximate number of hours that media sources estimate were spent on the questioning of Supreme Court nominees since 1925:
Year
Nominee
# Hours
1925 Harlan Fiske Stone 7000500000000000000♠5
1938 Felix Frankfurter –
1955 John Marshall Harlan II –
1957 William J. Brennan, Jr. 7000300000000000000♠3
1967 Thurgood Marshall 7000700000000000000♠7
1971 William H. Rehnquist 7000700000000000000♠7
1975 John Paul Stevens 7000600000000000000♠6
1981 Sandra Day O'Connor 7001120000000000000♠12
1987 Robert Bork (not confirmed) 7001300000000000000♠30
1987 Anthony Kennedy 7001110000000000000♠11
1990 David H. Souter 7001200000000000000♠20
1991 Clarence Thomas 7001250000000000000♠25
1993 Ruth Bader Ginsburg 7001200000000000000♠20
1994 Stephen G. Breyer 7001200000000000000♠20
2005 John G. Roberts, Jr. 7001200000000000000♠20
2016 Merrick Garland (not confirmed) 5000000000000000000♠0
2017 Neil Gorsuch 7001200000000000000♠20
Sources: The New York Times (2005, 2009), MSNBC (2005)[3][4][17]
Once the Senate confirms the nomination by an affirmative vote, the Secretary of the Senate attests to a resolution of confirmation and transmits it to the White House.[18] The President then prepares and signs a commission, and causes the Seal of the United States Department of Justice to be affixed to the document before the new Justice can take office.[19] The date of commission determines a Justice's seniority.[20] A ceremony is held in which the Justice must take the Constitutional Oath, which is used for every federal and state officeholder below the President, and the Judicial Oath used for federal judges before entering into the execution of their office.
Recess appointments[edit]
Potter Stewart, appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower, was the last Supreme Court Justice initially placed on the Court through a recess appointment.
Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution provides that:
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
Thus, when the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment to any office requiring Senate approval, including filling vacancies on the Supreme Court, without the Senate's advice and consent. Such a recess appointee to the Supreme Court holds office only until the end of the next Senate session (always less than two years). To continue to serve thereafter and be compensated for his or her service, the nominee must be formally nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Of the ten Justices who have received recess appointments - two Chief Justices and eight Associate Justices - only Chief Justice John Rutledge was not subsequently confirmed for a regular appointment. No president since Dwight Eisenhower (who made three such appointments) has made a recess appointment to the Supreme Court and the practice has become highly controversial even when applied to lower federal courts. During the 110th Congress, the Democratic leadership of the Senate specifically blocked Republican President George W. Bush from making any recess appointments with the use of pro forma sessions.
In 1960 the Senate passed a resolution stating that it was the sense of the Senate that recess appointments to the Supreme Court should not be made except under unusual circumstances.[21] Being a resolution, it has no legally binding effect, but was intended as an expression of the position of the Senate and as a guide to executive actions. The resolution passed by a vote of 48 to 37, mainly along party lines.[21] [22]
Following is a list of recess appointments that have been made to the Supreme Court:[23]
Justice Appointed by Date of
Appointment Date of
Nomination Date of
Senate action Senate
action
Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson Washington 000000001791-08-05-0000August 5, 1791 000000001791-10-31-0000October 31, 1791 000000001791-11-07-0000November 7, 1791 Confirmed
Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge
(as Chief Justice) Washington 000000001795-07-01-0000July 1, 1795 000000001795-12-10-0000December 10, 1795 000000001795-12-15-0000December 15, 1795 Rejected
Washington, BushrodBushrod Washington J. Adams 000000001798-09-29-0000September 29, 1798 000000001798-12-19-0000December 19, 1798 000000001798-12-20-0000December 20, 1798 Confirmed
Livingston, Henry BrockholstHenry Brockholst Livingston Jefferson 000000001806-11-10-0000November 10, 1806 000000001806-12-15-0000December 15, 1806 000000001806-12-17-0000December 17, 1806 Confirmed
Thompson, SmithSmith Thompson Monroe 000000001823-09-01-0000September 1, 1823 000000001823-12-05-0000December 5, 1823 000000001823-12-09-0000December 9, 1823 Confirmed
McKinley, JohnJohn McKinley Van Buren 000000001837-04-22-0000April 22, 1837 000000001837-09-18-0000September 18, 1837 000000001837-09-25-0000September 25, 1837 Confirmed
Woodbury, LeviLevi Woodbury Polk 000000001845-09-20-0000September 20, 1845 000000001845-12-23-0000December 23, 1845 000000001846-01-03-0000January 3, 1846 Confirmed
Curtis, Benjamin RobbinsBenjamin Robbins Curtis Fillmore 000000001851-09-22-0000September 22, 1851 000000001851-12-11-0000December 11, 1851 000000001851-12-20-0000December 20, 1851 Confirmed
Davis, DavidDavid Davis Lincoln 000000001862-10-17-0000October 17, 1862 000000001862-12-01-0000December 1, 1862 000000001862-12-08-0000December 8, 1862 Confirmed
Warren, EarlEarl Warren
(as Chief Justice) Eisenhower 000000001953-10-02-0000October 2, 1953 000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954 000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954 Confirmed
Brennan, Jr., William J.William J. Brennan, Jr. Eisenhower 000000001956-10-15-0000October 15, 1956 000000001957-01-14-0000January 14, 1957 000000001957-03-19-0000March 19, 1957 Confirmed
Stewart, PotterPotter Stewart Eisenhower 000000001958-10-14-0000October 14, 1958 000000001959-01-17-0000January 17, 1959 000000001959-12-05-0000December 5, 1959 Confirmed
Tenure and vacancies[edit]
The ability of a president to appoint new justices depends on the occurrence of a vacancy on the Court. The Constitution provides that justices "shall hold their offices during good behavior" (unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term "good behavior" is well understood to mean Justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, although they can voluntarily resign or retire. A Justice can also be removed by Congressional impeachment and conviction. However, only one Justice has been impeached by the House (Samuel Chase, in 1805) and he was acquitted in the Senate. Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, once in 1953 and again in 1970), but they have not reached a vote in the House. No mechanism presently exists for removing a Justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, both unable to resign and unable to resume service.[24]
Because Justices have indefinite tenure, it is impossible to know when a vacancy will next occur. Sometimes vacancies arise in quick succession, as in the early 1970s when Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. and William H. Rehnquist were nominated to replace Hugo Black and John Marshall Harlan II, who retired within a week of each other. Sometimes a great length of time passes between nominations such as the eleven years between Stephen Breyer's nomination in 1994 and the departures of Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (by death and retirement, respectively) in 2005 and 2006.
It is also theoretically possible for Congress to create additional vacancies by expanding the Court itself. The United States Constitution does not specify the size of the Supreme Court, but in Article III it authorizes the Congress to fix the number of justices. The Judiciary Act of 1789 called for the appointment of six justices. As the country grew geographically, Congress increased the number of justices to correspond with the growing number of judicial circuits. In 1807, the court was expanded to seven members, allowing Thomas Jefferson to appoint Thomas Todd as a new Justice. The expansion to nine members in 1837 allowed Andrew Jackson to appoint John Catron, and Martin Van Buren to appoint John McKinley; and the addition of a tenth seat in 1863 allowed Abraham Lincoln to name Stephen Johnson Field to the Court. However, at the request of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Congress passed the Judicial Circuits Act (1866) which provided that the next three justices to retire would not be replaced; thus, the size of the Court should have eventually reached seven by attrition. Consequently, one seat was removed in 1866 and a second in 1867. However, this law did not play out to completion, for in the Judiciary Act of 1869,[25] also known as the Circuit Judges Act, the number of justices was again set at nine, where it has since remained. The new seat created in 1869 was filled the following year by Ulysses S. Grant's appointment of Joseph P. Bradley - the last justice to be appointed to a newly created seat on the Court.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to expand the Court in 1937, seeking to appoint an additional justice for each incumbent justice who reached the age of 70 years 6 months and refused retirement; under Roosevelt's proposal, such appointments would continue until the Court reached a maximum size of 15 justices. Ostensibly, the proposal was made to ease the burdens of the docket on the elderly judges, but the President's actual purpose was to pack the Court with justices who would support New Deal policies and legislation.[26] This plan, usually called the "Court-packing Plan", failed in Congress and proved a political disaster for Roosevelt.[27] The balance of the Court shifted with the retirement of Willis Van Devanter and the confirmation of Hugo Black in August 1937. By the end of 1941, Roosevelt had appointed seven Supreme Court justices and elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice.[28]
Despite the variability, nearly all Presidents so far have been able to appoint at least one Justice. The four exceptions are William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and Jimmy Carter. Harrison died a month after taking office, though his successor (John Tyler) made an appointment during that presidential term. Taylor likewise died early in his presidential term, although his successor (Millard Fillmore) also made a Supreme Court nomination before the end of that term. Johnson was denied the opportunity to appoint a Justice by a contraction in the size of the Supreme Court, which Congress may dictate. Jimmy Carter is the only President who completed at least one full term in office without making a nomination to the Court during his presidency.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ See Black, Ryan C.; Owens, Ryan J. "Courting the President: How Circuit Court Judges Alter Their Behavior for Promotion to the Supreme Court". American Journal of Political Science. 60 (1): 30–43. doi:10.1111/ajps.12132.
Jump up ^ Todd S., Purdum (July 5, 2005). "Presidents, Picking Justices, Can Have Backfires". Courts in Transition: Nominees and History. New York Times. p. A4. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Tom Curry (Nov 5, 2005). "A guide to the Supreme Court nomination (quote:) "...1939, when he went before the Judiciary Committee, nominee Felix Frankfurter told senators..."". MSNBC.com. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
^ Jump up to: a b STEPHEN L. CARTER (May 9, 2009). "Let the Nominee Stay Home (quote:) "...The first was John Marshall Harlan in 1955, who declined invitations to discuss either specific cases or judicial philosophy as 'a matter of propriety'..."". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
Jump up ^ "United States Senate. "Nominations"".
Jump up ^ Jim Brunner (24 March 2017). "Sen. Patty Murray will oppose Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 April 2017. In a statement Friday morning, Murray cited Republicans’ refusal to confirm or even seriously consider President Obama’s nomination of Judge Merrick Garland, a similarly well-qualified jurist — and went on to lambaste President Trump’s conduct in his first few months in office. [...] And Murray added she’s "deeply troubled" by Gorsuch’s "extreme conservative perspective on women’s health," citing his "inability" to state a clear position on Roe v. Wade, the landmark abortion-legalization decision, and his comments about the "Hobby Lobby" decision allowing employers to refuse to provide birth-control coverage.
Jump up ^ McCaskill, Claire (31 March 2017). "Gorsuch:Good for corporations, bad for working people". Retrieved 9 April 2017. I cannot support Judge Gorsuch because a study of his opinions reveal a rigid ideology that always puts the little guy under the boot of corporations. He is evasive, but his body of work isn’t. Whether it is a freezing truck driver or an autistic child, he has shown a stunning lack of humanity. And he has been an activist - for example, writing a dissent on a case that had been settled, in what appears to be an attempt to audition for his current nomination.
Jump up ^ Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (23 March 2017). "Schumer: Democrats will filibuster SCOTUS nominee Neil Gorsuch". The Blaze. Retrieved 7 April 2017. Schumer added that Gorsuch’s record shows he has a "deep-seated conservative ideology" and "groomed by the Federalist Society," a conservative nonprofit legal organization.
Jump up ^ Matt Flegenheimer (6 April 2017). "Senate Republicans Deploy 'Nuclear Option' to Clear Path for Gorsuch". New York Times. After Democrats held together Thursday morning and filibustered President Trump’s nominee, Republicans voted to lower the threshold for advancing Supreme Court nominations from 60 votes to a simple majority.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations, Present-1789". United States Senate. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Stakes Of The 2016 Election Just Got Much, Much Higher". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-02-14.
Jump up ^ McMillion, Barry J. (19 October 2015). "Supreme Court Appointment Process: Senate Debate and Confirmation Vote" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Balkin, Jack M. "The passionate intensity of the confirmation process". Jurist. Archived from the original on 17 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
Jump up ^ George F. Will (May 27, 2009). "Identity Justice: Obama's Conventional Choice". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ NEIL A. LEWIS (June 27, 1993). "Balanced Jurist at Home in the Middle". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ Steve Padilla (July 15, 2009). "Sotomayor hearings: The grilling of Supreme Court nominees is a relatively new invention (quote:) "Harlan Stone became the first Supreme Court nominee to appear and testify before the Judiciary Committee in 1925" ALSO "Every nominee to the high court since President Eisenhower's 1955 nomination of John Harlan has testified before the committee."". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
^ Jump up to: a b "COURT IN TRANSITION; Republicans Speak of Respect of Roberts's Peers, and Democrats Issue Warnings -- their sources: Courts and Congress by Judge Robert A. Katzmann; Senate transcripts". New York Times. September 16, 2005. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Jump up ^ Rutkus, Supreme Court Nominations, p. 57
Jump up ^ 5 U.S.C. § 2902.
Jump up ^ See 28 U.S.C. § 4.
^ Jump up to: a b Fisher, Louis (2001-09-05). "Recess Appointments of Federal Judges" (PDF). CRSN Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. The Library of Congress. RL31112: 16–18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-06. Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that the making of recess appointments to the Supreme Court of the United States may not be wholly consistent with the best interests of the Supreme Court, the nominee who may be involved, the litigants before the Court, nor indeed the people of the United States, and that such appointments, therefore, should not be made except under unusual circumstances and for the purpose of preventing or ending a demonstrable breakdown in the administration of the Court’s business.
Jump up ^ Democrats supported the resolution 48-4, and Republicans opposed it 33-0.
Jump up ^ Denis Steven Rutkus & Maureen Bearden, Supreme Court Nominations, 1789-2009: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President, Cong. Research Serv. (May 13, 2009).
Jump up ^ Appel, Jacob M. (2009-08-22). "Anticipating the Incapacitated Justice". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ 16 Stat. 44
Jump up ^ Mintz, S. (2007). "The New Deal in Decline". Digital History. University of Houston. Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
Jump up ^ Hodak, George (2007). "February 5, 1937: FDR Unveils Court Packing Plan". ABAjournal.com. American Bar Association. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
Jump up ^ "Justices, Number of", in Hall, Ely Jr., Grossman, and Wiecek (editors), The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press 1992, ISBN 0-19-505835-6
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