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Lemon (automobile)
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In US parlance, a lemon is a vehicle (often new) that turns out to have several manufacturing defects affecting its safety, value or utility. Any vehicle with such severe issues may be termed a lemon and, by extension, so may any product with flaws too great or severe to serve its purpose.
Contents
1 The Lemon Law
2 Etymology
3 New vehicles
4 Used vehicles
5 See also
6 References
The Lemon Law[edit]
The Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act is a United States federal law enacted in 1975 to protect consumers from deceptive warranty practices. The Act was sponsored by Senator Warren G. Magnuson of Washington with co-sponsors Senator Frank Moss of Utah, and U.S. Representative John E. Moss of California. The purpose of the Act was to make product warranties more easily understood and enforceable, and to provide the Federal Trade Commission with a means of better protecting consumers. The Act does not force a manufacturer to include a warranty with its products but if there is one it must be in writing and comply with the rules of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.[1]
Etymology[edit]
The word's use to describe a highly flawed item predates its use in describing cars and can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century as a British and American slang.[2] The British use is derived from the US use and is less precise or specific: to be "sold a lemon" is little different from "sold a pup".
Its first attribution to mean a problematic car was in a Volkswagen advertisement created by Julian Koenig and Helmut Krone as part of an advertisement campaign managed by William Bernbach, all advertising executives with the firm Doyle Dane Bernbach in 1960, which was a follow-up to their Think Small advertising campaign for VW.[3][4]
Economist George Akerlof in his 1970 paper "The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism"[5] identified the severe lemon problems that may afflict markets characterized by asymmetrical information.[6]
New vehicles[edit]
New vehicles may contain flaws or defects in workmanship, caused by design flaws or by an error during the automotive factory build process. These errors can range from parts being installed incorrectly to a tool that was used to build the car not being removed or a batch of materials with structural or chemical flaws. The idioms "Friday afternoon car" or "Monday morning car", were used to describe new cars that had been delivered with numerous faults or suffered from an excessive number of warranty claims early in their lives – based on the premise that assembly line workers were far more likely to make errors at the times when they were perceived to be least interested in the standard of their workmanship.
Consumer protection legislation typically labels vehicles as "lemons" if the same problem recurs despite multiple repair attempts (such as three times in a row over a short period, where previous attempts have not corrected the problem) or where defects have caused a new vehicle to be out of service for a prolonged period (typically 30 days or longer) for repairs.
Lemon laws primarily serve to force manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles or exchange them. Depending on the jurisdiction, a process similar to vehicle title branding may also be used to warn subsequent purchasers of the history of a problem vehicle. While this portion of a vehicle's history is usually not retained with the title when exporting it to another jurisdiction, at least one jurisdiction (California) has started compelling manufacturers to brand the titles of any previously reacquired vehicles that they import or export from the jurisdiction.
Used vehicles[edit]
While used cars may be plagued with the same problems that beset new vehicles, used vehicles may also have been abused, improperly maintained or poorly repaired, been unprofessionally rebuilt after a collision or tampered with in some manner to conceal high mileage, mechanical defects, corrosion or other damage.
One form of lemon is called a cut and shut or clipping, a form of body collision "repair" based on buying a wrecked car and sawing off the wrecked section to replace it with a matching section from another (similar) car. If improperly repaired, these vehicles may be inherently dangerous; at high speeds, or in an accident, the car may come apart due to the weaknesses of the welds or pins connecting the two segments of the vehicle or mismatches of segments.[7][8] In the UK cut and shut cars are treated like any car that has had major repair work resulting in what is essentially a new car. They must first be inspected for road-worthiness, be assigned a new registration number and pass the standard MOT test. If this is successful, they will be given a "Q" registration, meaning they are a kit, or composite car, and not an original unit from the manufacturer. [9] In some states of the USA, the sale of cut and shut vehicles is illegal. Cars created using two or more large sections of previous ones are sometimes called "zipper cars".
Improperly repaired collision-damage vehicles also carry the risk of unibody problems. Unlike heavy trucks and lorries, most passenger cars manufactured since 1987 employ unibody construction instead of a separate body and frame.[citation needed] This saves weight, but the unibody is prone to bend (it is designed to do so in an impact, to absorb part of the energy of the shock) or suffer damage in severe collisions, causing the vehicle not to handle correctly or causing other mechanical parts to wear prematurely if the damaged unibody vehicle is driven after an accident.
Today, there are vehicle history services that can help a prospective used car buyer by providing a "history report" based on the vehicle's identification number (VIN). These reports will indicate items of public record, such as vehicle title branding, lemon law buybacks and recalls. They may indicate minor/moderate collision damage or improper vehicle maintenance. An attempt to identify vehicles that have been previously owned by hire car rental agencies, police and emergency services or taxi fleets is also made. However, consumers should research vehicles carefully, as these reporting services only report the information to which they have access.
Manufacturers have been known to "hide" lemon law buybacks from these reporting services through such unscrupulous methods as holding the buyback vehicle in a dealer's inventory for a short period of time, then funneling it through routine inventory (so-called "dealer only") auctions where the buyback vehicle re-enters the used market as a seemingly legitimate vehicle. While history reports can provide useful information and highlight trouble areas, consumers are still advised to have a trusted, independent mechanic perform a pre-buy inspection on any used vehicle of which they do not personally know the history.
See also[edit]
24 Hours of LeMons
Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan
Decrepit car
Edsel
Lemon socialism
Ship of Theseus
Total loss
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Guide to the CA Lemon Law ISBN 978-0-9915737-0-7 Magnuson Moss Act and relevance to "lemon" vehicles.
Jump up ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
Jump up ^ Writing for Designers. Lemon
Jump up ^ Volkswagen's Lemon Ad
Jump up ^ George Akerlof (biography)
Jump up ^ S. Douma and H. Schreuder, Economic Approaches to Organizations, 5th edition, Pearson, 2013
Jump up ^ "Illegal cars". Retrieved 30 September 2010. {Spam Link}
Jump up ^ "CUT AND SHUT ACCIDENT HORRORS - BAN THE 'FRANKENSTEIN' CARS". Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010. {dead link}
Jump up ^ "Guidelines on how you can register kit cars and rebuilt or radically altered vehicles". Archived from the original on 15 November 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
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List of Academy Award records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This is a list of Academy Award records. This list is current as of the 90th Academy Awards ceremony held on March 4, 2018.
Contents
1 Most awards
2 Awards for debut acting or directing performances on film
3 Big Five winners
4 Most consecutive awards
5 Academy Award firsts
6 Age-related records
7 Film records
8 Acting records
9 Miscellaneous records
10 Oscar speeches
11 Tied winners
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Most awards[edit]
Most awards won by a single film
Three films have won 11 Academy Awards:
Ben-Hur (1959) – 15 categories available for nomination; nominated for 12
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 14
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 11
Most nominations received by a single film
Three films have received 14 nominations:
All About Eve (1950) – 16 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 11 awards
La La Land (2016) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards
Largest sweep (winning awards in every nominated category)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) won all 11 categories for which it was nominated: Best Picture, Director, Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing, Art Direction, Makeup, Costume Design, Film Editing, and Visual Effects
Most awards won by an individual
Walt Disney won 22 Oscars.
Most awards won by a woman
Edith Head won eight Oscars, all for Costume Design
Most nominations in a single year / Most awards in a single year
In 1954, Walt Disney won four awards out of six nominations, both records. He won Best Documentary, Features for The Living Desert; Best Documentary, Short Subjects for The Alaskan Eskimo; Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Bear Country. He had two additional nominations in Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Rugged Bear; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Ben and Me.
Most awards won by a person who is still living
Visual Effects Supervisor Dennis Muren has won nine Academy Awards – six competitive awards, two "Special Achievement" awards, and one "Technical Achievement" award
Most competitive awards won by a person who is still living
Composer Alan Menken has won eight competitive Academy Awards
Acting
Katharine Hepburn won four awards, all for Best Actress
Directing
John Ford won the most directing awards, with four
Cinematography
The highest number of Academy Awards won by a cinematographer is four:
Joseph Ruttenberg, in 1938, 1942, 1956, and 1958
Leon Shamroy, in 1942, 1944, 1945, and 1963
Art Direction
Cedric Gibbons, who designed the Oscar statuette, won 11 awards out of a total of 39 nominations.[1]
Makeup
Rick Baker won seven Academy Awards (all for Best Makeup)
Most awards won by a country for Best Foreign Language Film
Italy won 14 awards in this category and received, in total, 32 nominations
Most nominations received by a country for Best Foreign Language Film
France received 40 nominations and won the award 12 times
Most awards won by a foreign-language film
Two foreign-language films have won four Academy Awards:
Fanny and Alexander (1982) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography
Most nominations received by a foreign-language film
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) received ten nominations: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Song, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography
Awards for debut acting or directing performances on film[edit]
The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut acting performances:
Best Actor
None
Best Actress
Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba, 1952)
Julie Andrews (Mary Poppins, 1964)
Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl, 1968)
Marlee Matlin (Children of a Lesser God, 1986)
Best Supporting Actor
Harold Russell (The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946)
Timothy Hutton (Ordinary People, 1980)
Haing S. Ngor (The Killing Fields, 1984)
Best Supporting Actress
Gale Sondergaard (Anthony Adverse, 1936)
Katina Paxinou (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1943)
Mercedes McCambridge (All the King's Men, 1949)
Eva Marie Saint (On the Waterfront, 1954)
Jo Van Fleet (East of Eden, 1955)
Tatum O'Neal (Paper Moon, 1973)
Anna Paquin (The Piano, 1993)
Jennifer Hudson (Dreamgirls, 2006)
Lupita Nyong'o (12 Years a Slave, 2013) [2][3][4]
Academy Juvenile Award
Claude Jarman Jr. (The Yearling, 1946)
Vincent Winter (The Little Kidnappers, 1954) [2][3][5]
The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut direction.
Best Director
Delbert Mann (Marty, 1955)
Jerome Robbins (West Side Story, 1961)
Robert Redford (Ordinary People, 1980)
James L. Brooks (Terms of Endearment, 1983)
Kevin Costner (Dances with Wolves, 1990)
Sam Mendes (American Beauty, 1999) [2][3][6]
Big Five winners[edit]
Main article: List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees
Three films have received the Big Five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay (Original or Adapted).[7][8][9]
It Happened One Night (1934)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Most consecutive awards[edit]
Any awards
Walt Disney was awarded a record of 10 awards in the eight consecutive years from 1931/32 through 1939. Eight (listed below) are for Short Subject (Cartoon), and two were Special Awards: one for the creation of Mickey Mouse, and one recognizing the innovation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Best Actress
Two actresses have won two consecutive awards:
Luise Rainer (The Great Ziegfeld, 1936 and The Good Earth, 1937)
Katharine Hepburn (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, 1967 and The Lion in Winter, 1968)
Best Actor
Two actors have won two consecutive awards:
Spencer Tracy – Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)
Tom Hanks – Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994) [7][10]
Best Director
Three directors have won two consecutive awards:
John Ford – The Grapes of Wrath (1940) and How Green Was My Valley (1941)
Joseph L. Mankiewicz – A Letter to Three Wives (1949) and All About Eve (1950) [7][11]
Alejandro G. Iñárritu – Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) and The Revenant (2015)
Best Supporting Actor
Jason Robards won two consecutive awards for All the President's Men in 1976 and Julia in 1977[12][13]
Best Supporting Actress
No consecutive winner for Best Supporting Actress
Best Picture
David O. Selznick produced two consecutive Best Picture winners Gone with the Wind in 1939 and Rebecca in 1940. (He himself was not awarded the Oscars as at the time the statuette went to the studio instead of the producer.)
Best Original Screenplay
No consecutive winner for Best Original Screenplay
Best Adapted Screenplay
Joseph L. Mankiewicz won two consecutive adapted screenplay awards for A Letter to Three Wives in 1949 and All About Eve in 1950
Robert Bolt won for Doctor Zhivago in 1965 and A Man for All Seasons in 1966
Best Cinematography
Emmanuel Lubezki has won three consecutive awards for Gravity in 2013, Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) in 2014 and The Revenant in 2015
Best Art Direction
Thomas Little won three consecutive awards for Best Art Direction, Black and White, for the films How Green Was My Valley in 1941, This Above All in 1942, and The Song of Bernadette in 1943. Little also won an Oscar the next year in 1944 for Best Art Direction, Color for the film Wilson.
Best Film Editing
Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter won for The Social Network in 2010 and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in 2011
Best Original Score
Roger Edens won three consecutive awards for composing the scores for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949), and Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
Best Original Song
Three composers have won two consecutive awards for best original song, but under different award names:
Henry Mancini (music) and Johnny Mercer (lyrics) shared the awards for Best Music (Song) for "Moon River" from Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961 and "Days of Wine and Roses" from Days of Wine and Roses in 1962
Alan Menken (music) won twice consecutively for Best Music (Original Song) for "Beauty and the Beast" from Beauty and the Beast (lyrics by Howard Ashman) in 1991 and "A Whole New World" from Aladdin (lyrics by Tim Rice) in 1992
Best Visual Effects
Jim Rygiel and Randall William Cook won 3 consecutive visual effects Oscars for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2001, 2002, and 2003 respectively.
Best Sound Mixing
Thomas Moulton won three consecutive awards for The Snake Pit in 1948, Twelve O'Clock High in 1949, and All About Eve in 1950.
Best Costume Design
Edith Head won three consecutive awards for The Heiress in 1949, All About Eve in 1950, and A Place in the Sun in 1951.
Best Short Subject (Cartoon)
Walt Disney won eight consecutive awards for Flowers and Trees in 1931/32, Three Little Pigs in 1932/33, The Tortoise and the Hare in 1934, Three Orphan Kittens in 1935, The Country Cousin in 1936, The Old Mill in 1937, Ferdinand the Bull in 1938, and The Ugly Duckling in 1939
Best Short Subject (Two-Reel)
Walt Disney won four consecutive awards for In Beaver Valley in 1950, Nature's Half Acre in 1951, Water Birds in 1952, and Bear Country in 1953
Best Documentary (Feature)
Walt Disney won two consecutive awards for The Living Desert in 1953 and The Vanishing Prairie in 1954
Academy Award firsts[edit]
First woman to win Best Picture
Julia Phillips for The Sting (1973)
First woman to win Best Director
Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2009)
First woman to win Best Animated Feature
Brenda Chapman for Brave (2012)
First woman to receive an Honorary Award
6 year old Shirley Temple received a Special Award in 1934
Greta Garbo received an Honorary Award in 1954
First foreign-language film to be nominated for Best Picture
Grand Illusion (1937), in French
First science fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture
A Clockwork Orange (1971)
First horror film to be nominated for Best Picture
The Exorcist (1973)
First animated film to be nominated for Best Picture
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
First fantasy film to win Best Picture
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
First 3-D films to be nominated for Best Picture
Avatar and Up (2009)
First film with an entirely non-white cast to win Best Picture
Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
First film with an all-black cast to win Best Picture
Moonlight (2016)
First science-fiction film to win Best Picture
The Shape of Water (2017)
First animated film to be nominated for Best Foreign Language Film
Waltz with Bashir (2008), representing Israel
First animated film to be nominated for Best Original Screenplay and for a Best Screenplay award in general
Toy Story (1995)
First animated film to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay
Shrek (2001)
First actress to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film
Sandra Bullock for Gravity (2013)
First actor to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film
Matt Damon for The Martian (2015)
First film to receive the most nominations of its year without receiving a Best Picture nomination
Dreamgirls (2006), with eight nominations
First X-rated film to win Best Picture
Midnight Cowboy (1969). It was also the first X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture and the only one to date to have won it.
First actor to receive ten nominations for acting
Laurence Olivier received his tenth nomination (for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor) for the film The Boys from Brazil (1978)
First actress to receive ten nominations for acting
Bette Davis received her tenth official nomination (all for Best Actress) for the film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)
First actress to receive twenty nominations for acting
Meryl Streep received her twentieth nomination (for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress) for the film Florence Foster Jenkins (2016)
First posthumous nomination for acting
Jeanne Eagels, nominated for Best Actress for The Letter (1929)
First posthumous nomination for a male actor
James Dean, nominated for Best Actor for East of Eden (1955)
First posthumous win for acting
Peter Finch won Best Actor for Network (1976)
First actress to be nominated for performing in a language other than English
Melina Mercouri was nominated for Best Actress for Never on Sunday (1960), performing in Greek
First actor to be nominated for performing in a language other than English
Marcello Mastroianni was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962), performing in Italian
First actress to win for performing in a language other than English
Sophia Loren won Best Actress for Two Women (1961), performing in Italian
First actor to win for performing in a language other than English
Robert De Niro won Best Supporting Actor for The Godfather Part II (1974), performing in Italian
First actress to win for performing in a sign language
Marlee Matlin won Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God (1986), performing in American Sign Language
First French actress to be nominated for performing in the French language
Anouk Aimée was nominated for Best Actress for A Man and a Woman (1966)
First French actress to win for performing in the French language
Marion Cotillard won Best Actress for La Vie en rose (2007). She's the only one to date to have won it.
First Nordic actress to be nominated for acting
Greta Garbo (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actress for Anna Christie (1930)
First Nordic actor to be nominated for acting
Max von Sydow (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actor for Pelle the Conqueror (1988)
First Nordic actress to win for acting
Ingrid Bergman (from Sweden) won Best Actress for Gaslight (1944)
First actor from Africa to be nominated for acting
Basil Rathbone (from South Africa), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Romeo and Juliet (1936)
First actress from Africa to win for acting
Charlize Theron (from South Africa), won Best Actress for Monster (2003)
First actress from Asia to win for acting
Miyoshi Umeki (from Japan), won Best Supporting Actress for Sayonara (1957)
First Asian (and non-Caucasian) to win Best Director
Ang Lee (from Taiwan) for Brokeback Mountain (2005)
First Australian actress to win Best Actress
Nicole Kidman for The Hours (2002) – Born in the U.S.
First Australian actor to win Best Actor
Peter Finch for Network (1976)
First French actress to win Best Actress
Claudette Colbert for It Happened One Night (1934)
First French actor to win Best Actor
Jean Dujardin for The Artist (2011)
First Italian actress to win Best Actress
Anna Magnani for The Rose Tattoo (1955)
First Italian actor to win Best Actor
Roberto Benigni for Life Is Beautiful (1998)
First German actress to win Best Actress
Luise Rainer for The Great Ziegfeld (1937)
First German actor to win Best Actor
Emil Jannings (born in Switzerland) for The Way of All Flesh (1927) and The Last Command (1928)
First Austrian actor to win twice for acting
Christoph Waltz won Best Supporting Actor for Inglorious Basterds (2009) and Django Unchained (2012)
First persons from India to win in any music category
A. R. Rahman won Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
Gulzar also won Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
First Middle Eastern/North African actor to be nominated for acting
Omar Sharif, nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
First Middle Eastern movie to win Best Foreign Language Film
A Separation (2011), representing Iran
First foreign actress to be nominated twice for Best Actress for foreign-language films without the films receiving a Best Foreign Language Film nomination
Marion Cotillard (from France) won Best Actress for La Vie en Rose (2007) and was nominated for Two Days, One Night (2014)
First black filmmaker to win Best Picture
Steve McQueen won for producing 12 Years a Slave (2013)
First black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director
John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood (1991)
First black actress to win for acting
Hattie McDaniel won Best Supporting Actress for Gone with the Wind (1939)
First black actor to win for acting
Sidney Poitier won Best Actor for Lilies of the Field (1963)
First black actress to win Best Actress
Halle Berry for Monster's Ball (2001)
First black actress to win for film acting debut
Jennifer Hudson won Best Supporting Actress for Dreamgirls (2006)
First year in which two black actors/actresses won for acting
74th Academy Awards (in 2002, for 2001): Denzel Washington won Best Actor for Training Day; Halle Berry won Best Actress for Monster's Ball
First black African actor to be nominated for acting
Djimon Hounsou (born in Benin, U.S.-Benin dual citizen), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for In America (2003)
First black writer to win for screenwriting
Geoffrey S. Fletcher won Best Adapted Screenplay for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire (2009)
First African American to receive an Honorary Award
James Baskett received a Special Award for his portrayal of Uncle Remus in Song of the South (1946)
First Latin American director to win Best Director
Alfonso Cuarón from Mexico won for Gravity in 2014
First Latin American actress to be nominated for Best Actress
Fernanda Montenegro from Brazil was nominated for Best Actress for Central Station (1998)
First Latin American actor to win Best Actor
José Ferrer from Puerto Rico won for Cyrano de Bergerac in 1950
First Muslim actor to win in an acting category
Mahershala Ali for Moonlight in 2016
First child actor to receive an Academy Award nomination [14]
Jackie Cooper, age 9, was nominated for Best Actor for Skippy (1931)
First short film to win an Academy Award outside of the Short Film categories
The Red Balloon (1956) for Best Original Screenplay
First professional athlete to win an Academy Award
Kobe Bryant for Best Animated Short Film, Dear Basketball (2017)
Age-related records[edit]
Youngest winner of an acting award
Tatum O'Neal, age 10 (Best Supporting Actress, Paper Moon, 1973)
Youngest nominee for an acting award
Justin Henry, age 8 (Best Supporting Actor, Kramer vs. Kramer, 1979)
Youngest female winner of a lead acting award
Marlee Matlin, age 21 (Best Actress, Children of a Lesser God, 1986)
Youngest male winner of a lead acting award
Adrien Brody, age 29 (Best Actor, The Pianist, 2002)
Youngest male nominee for a lead acting award
Jackie Cooper, age 9 (Best Actor, Skippy, 1931)
Youngest female nominee for a lead acting award
Quvenzhané Wallis, age 9 (Best Actress, Beasts of the Southern Wild, 2012) [15][16] (also first person born in the 21st century to be nominated for an Academy Award)
Youngest winner of an Oscar
Shirley Temple, age 6, who was awarded the inaugural (now retired) non-competitive Academy Juvenile Award in 1934
Youngest winner of Best Director
Damien Chazelle, age 32 (La La Land, 2016)
Youngest nominee for Best Director
John Singleton, age 24 (Boyz n the Hood, 1991)
Oldest winner of Best Director
Clint Eastwood, age 74 (Million Dollar Baby, 2004)
Oldest nominee for Best Director
John Huston, age 79 (Prizzi's Honor, 1985)
Oldest winner of an acting award
Christopher Plummer, age 82 (Best Supporting Actor, Beginners, 2011)
Oldest woman to win best Actress Award
Jessica Tandy, age 80 (Best Actress, Driving Miss Daisy, 1989)
Oldest man to win Best Actor Award
Henry Fonda, age 76 (Best Actor, On Golden Pond, 1981)
Oldest nominee for an acting award
Christopher Plummer, age 88 (Best Supporting Actor, All the Money in the World, 2017)
Oldest nominee for a lead acting award
Emmanuelle Riva, age 85 (Best Actress, Amour, 2012) [15][16]
Oldest competitive Oscar winner
James Ivory, age 89 (Best Adapted Screenplay, Call Me by Your Name, 2017).
Oldest competitive Oscar nominee
Agnès Varda, age 89 (Best Documentary, Faces Places, 2017)
Earliest-born Oscar winner by birth year
George Arliss, born 10 April 1868 (Academy Award for Best Actor, Disraeli, 1929)
Earliest-born Oscar nominee by birth year
May Robson, born 19 April 1858 (Academy Award for Best Actress, Lady for a Day, 1933)
Year where all four Acting winners had the oldest age average
1981 with a combined average age of 70.5 years old[17].
Henry Fonda (aged 77)
John Gielgud (also 77)
Katharine Hepburn (72)
Maureen Stapleton (56)
Year where all four Acting winners had the youngest age average
1980 with a combined average age of 29 years old.
Sissy Spacek (aged 31)
Robert De Niro (37)
Timothy Hutton (20)
Mary Steenburgen (28)
Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actor or best supporting actor)
Nomination
Name
Age
Film
Year
Date of Birth
Date of Nomination
2nd Sal Mineo 7003805300000000000♠22 years, 17 days Exodus 1960 January 10, 1939 January 27, 1961
3rd Marlon Brando 7004109100000000000♠29 years, 318 days Julius Caesar 1953 April 3, 1924 February 15, 1954
4th Marlon Brando 7004112720000000000♠30 years, 315 days On the Waterfront 1954 April 3, 1924 February 12, 1955
5th Marlon Brando 7004123740000000000♠33 years, 321 days Sayonara 1957 April 3, 1924 February 18, 1958
6th Richard Burton 7004161690000000000♠44 years, 98 days Anne of the Thousand Days 1969 November 10, 1925 February 16, 1970
7th Jack Nicholson 7004171010000000000♠46 years, 300 days Terms of Endearment 1983 April 22, 1937 February 16, 1984
8th Jack Nicholson 7004178210000000000♠48 years, 289 days Prizzi's Honor 1985 April 22, 1937 February 5, 1986
9th Jack Nicholson 7004185630000000000♠50 years, 301 days Ironweed 1987 April 22, 1937 February 17, 1988
10th Jack Nicholson 7004203910000000000♠55 years, 302 days A Few Good Men 1992 April 22, 1937 February 18, 1993
Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actress or best supporting actress)
Nomination
Name
Age
Film
Year
Date of Birth
Date of Nomination
2nd Angela Lansbury 7003740800000000000♠20 years, 103 days The Picture of Dorian Gray 1945 October 16, 1925 January 27, 1946
3rd Jennifer Lawrence 7003855500000000000♠23 years, 154 days American Hustle 2013 August 15, 1990 January 16, 2014
4th Jennifer Lawrence 7003928300000000000♠25 years, 152 days Joy 2015 August 15, 1990 January 14, 2016
5th Kate Winslet 7004114330000000000♠31 years, 110 days Little Children 2006 October 5, 1975 January 23, 2007
6th Kate Winslet 7004121630000000000♠33 years, 109 days The Reader 2008 October 5, 1975 January 22, 2009
7th Bette Davis 7004134530000000000♠36 years, 304 days Mr. Skeffington 1944 April 5, 1908 February 3, 1945
8th Meryl Streep 7004144830000000000♠39 years, 238 days A Cry in the Dark 1988 June 22, 1949 February 15, 1989
9th Meryl Streep 7004152110000000000♠41 years, 236 days Postcards from the Edge 1990 June 22, 1949 February 13, 1991
10th Meryl Streep 7004170370000000000♠46 years, 236 days The Bridges of Madison County 1995 June 22, 1949 February 13, 1996
Film records[edit]
Most nominations for a single film
Three films received 14 nominations:
All About Eve (1950)
Titanic (1997)
La La Land (2016)
Most Oscars without winning Best Picture
Cabaret won 8 awards (1972)
Most nominations without winning Best Picture
La La Land (2016) with 14 nominations
Most nominations without any wins
Two films received 11 nominations without winning any awards:
The Turning Point (1977)
The Color Purple (1985)
Most nominations without a Best Picture nomination
They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) with 9 nominations
Most Oscars without a nomination for Best Picture
The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) with 5 wins
Fewest nominations for a Best Picture winner
Grand Hotel (1932) received only the Best Picture nomination.
Nominations in the most different technical categories
Five films have been nominated in all 7 technical categories (Cinematography, Costume Design, Film Editing, Production Design/Art Direction, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and Visual Effects):
Titanic (1997)
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
Hugo (2011)
Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
The Revenant (2015)
Most nominations without a major nomination (Picture, Director, Acting and Screenplay)
Pepe (1960) received 7 nominations with no major nominations.
These 6 films got 6 nominations with no major nominations:
The Rains Came (1939)
Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) (note: received 7 nominations when you include a "special achievement")
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
Best picture nominees that won every nomination except Best Picture
These 14 films were nominated for Best Picture and won in every category they were nominated for except Best Picture:
Bad Girl (1931), 2/3
The Private Life of Henry VIII (1932), 1/2
Naughty Marietta (1935), 1/2
The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936), 3/4
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 3/4
Miracle on 34th Street (1947), 3/4
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), 3/4
A Letter to Three Wives (1949), 2/3
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 2/3
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 2/3
Jaws (1975), 3/4
Traffic (2000), 4/5
The Blind Side (2009), 1/2
Selma (2014), 1/2
Films nominated for Best Picture with no other major nominations
These 28 films were nominated for Best Picture but had no other major nominations (this does not include films that were only nominated for Best Picture and nothing else):
Wings (1927), 2 nominations (winner)
42nd Street (1933), 2 nominations
A Farewell to Arms (1933), 4 nominations
Cleopatra (1934), 5 nominations
Flirtation Walk (1934), 2 nominations
The Gay Divorcee (1934), 5 nominations
Imitation of Life (1934), 3 nominations
The White Parade (1934), 2 nominations
David Copperfield (1935), 3 nominations
Les Misérables (1935), 4 nominations
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), 4 nominations (note: really had 2, but 2 more were write in noms)
Naughty Marietta (1935), 2 nominations
Top Hat (1935), 4 nominations
A Tale of Two Cities (1936), 2 nominations
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 4 nominations
Of Mice and Men (1939), 4 nominations
The Wizard of Oz (1939), 6 nominations
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 3 nominations
Decision Before Dawn (1951), 2 nominations
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 3 nominations
The Music Man (1962), 6 nominations
Doctor Dolittle (1967), 9 nominations
Hello, Dolly! (1969), 7 nominations
Jaws (1975), 4 nominations
Beauty and the Beast (1991), 6 nominations
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), 6 nominations
War Horse (2011), 6 nominations
Selma (2014), 2 nominations
Stories made into multiple Best Picture nominees
6 sets of Best Picture nominees share either original source material or were revised versions of the same story (* =winner):
Cleopatra (1934), Cleopatra (1963)
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)*, Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)
Romeo and Juliet (1936), West Side Story (1960)*, Romeo and Juliet (1968). (The plot of another Best Picture winner, Shakespeare in Love, revolves around the original production of Romeo and Juliet)
Les Misérables (1935), Les Misérables (2012)
Pygmalion (1938), My Fair Lady (1964)*
Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), Heaven Can Wait (1978)
First Best Picture produced wholly by non-Americans
Hamlet (1948), United Kingdom
First Best Picture produced wholly by non-Americans or non-British
The Artist (2011), France
Most wins by a film produced wholly or partially by non-Americans
The Last Emperor (1987), Italy/Hong Kong/United Kingdom
Most nominations for a film produced wholly or partially by non-Americans
Two non-American films have received 13 nominations:
Shakespeare in Love (1998), United Kingdom/United States
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), New Zealand/United States
Best Picture with no female speaking roles
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
Acting records[edit]
Most awards for leading actress
Katharine Hepburn with 4 awards (1933, 1967, 1968*, 1981) (*Hepburn tied with Barbra Streisand in 1968.)
Most awards for leading actor
Daniel Day-Lewis with 3 awards (1989, 2007, 2012)
Most awards for supporting actor
Walter Brennan with 3 awards (1936, 1938, 1940)
Most consecutive leading actress nominations
Two actresses have been nominated 5 years in a row:
Bette Davis (1938–1942)
Greer Garson (1941–1945)
Most consecutive leading actor nominations
Marlon Brando with four nominations (1951 to 1954)
Actress with most total nominations for acting
Meryl Streep with 21 nominations
Actor with most total nominations for acting
Jack Nicholson with 12 nominations
Most acting nominations without an award
Peter O'Toole with 8 nominations (He received an Honorary Award in 2002)
Most nominations for an actor performing in a foreign language
Marcello Mastroianni with 3 nominations. He was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962); A Special Day (1977) and Dark Eyes (1987), performing in Italian
Longest gap between first and second award
Helen Hayes won in 1932 for The Sin of Madelon Claudet and in 1971 for Airport, a 39-year gap
Longest time span between first and last nomination and between first and last award
Katharine Hepburn: 48 years from Morning Glory (1933, in the 1932/33 awards) until On Golden Pond (1981)
Most acting nominations before first award
Both Geraldine Page and Al Pacino won on their 8th nomination
Most posthumous nominations
James Dean with 2 (1955 for East of Eden and 1956 for Giant)
Shortest performance to win an acting Oscar
Beatrice Straight in Network (1976) – 5 minutes and 2 seconds
Shortest performance to win a lead acting Oscar
Patricia Neal in Hud (1963) – 21 minutes and 51 seconds [18]
Shortest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar
Hermione Baddeley in Room at the Top (1959) – 2 minutes and 19 seconds
Shortest performance to be nominated for a lead acting Oscar
Spencer Tracy in San Francisco (1936) – 14 minutes and 58 seconds
Longest performance to win an acting Oscar
Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds
Longest performance to win a supporting acting Oscar
Tatum O'Neal in Paper Moon (1973) – 1 hour, 6 minutes and 58 seconds
Longest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar
Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds
Longest performance to be nominated for a supporting acting Oscar
Frank Finlay in Othello (1965) – 1 hour, 30 minutes and 43 seconds
Most awards by an African American actor
Denzel Washington with 2, winning Best Supporting Actor for Glory (1989) and Best Actor for Training Day (2001)
Most awards for one acting performance
Harold Russell played Homer Parish in The Best Years of Our Lives in 1946. For this role he received 2 Oscars, one for Best Supporting and an honorary award for being an inspiration to all returning veterans.
Most nominations for one acting performance
Barry Fitzgerald was nominated as Best Actor and won for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Father Fitzgibbon in 1944's Going My Way
Years where all four Acting winners were born outside the United States
1964
Best Actor - Rex Harrison for My Fair Lady, United Kingdom
Best Actress - Julie Andrews for Mary Poppins, United Kingdom
Best Supporting Actor - Peter Ustinov for Topkapi, United Kingdom
Best Supporting Actress - Lila Kedrova for Zorba the Greek, Russia
2007
Best Actor - Daniel Day-Lewis for There Will Be Blood, United Kingdom
Best Actress - Marion Cotillard for La Vie en Rose, France
Best Supporting Actor - Javier Bardem for No Country for Old Men, Spain
Best Supporting Actress - Tilda Swinton for Michael Clayton, United Kingdom
Miscellaneous records[edit]
Most nominations in different decades Six decades – John Williams, Elmer Bernstein[citation needed]
Only people to win both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar
George Bernard Shaw: Won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, and an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938 for the film Pygmalion
Bob Dylan: Won an Oscar for Best Original Song for the song "Things Have Changed" from Wonder Boys in 2000, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.
Only person to win both an Olympic medal and an Oscar
Kobe Bryant: Won gold medals in Basketball in 2008 and 2012, and an Oscar for Best Animated Short Film in 2018 for the film Dear Basketball
Only woman to win Best Actress and Best Original Song
Barbra Streisand: Best Actress (joint) for Funny Girl (1968); Best Original Song for the Love Theme ("Evergreen") from A Star Is Born (1976)
Only person to win an Academy Award for acting and writing
Emma Thompson: Best Actress for Howards End (1992); Best Adapted Screenplay for Sense and Sensibility (1995)
Only person nominated for Acting, Writing, Producing, and Directing the same film
Warren Beatty was nominated in the four categories for Heaven Can Wait (1978), and again for Reds (1981).
Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a real Academy Award winner
Cate Blanchett won Best Supporting Actress for portraying Katharine Hepburn in The Aviator
Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a fictional Academy Award nominee
Maggie Smith won Best Supporting Actress in California Suite
Most total nominations without a win
Greg P. Russell has earned 16 nominations in the Best Sound Mixing category. (This does not include his nomination at the 89th Academy Awards for 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, which was revoked the day before the ceremony.)[19]
Most total nominations before receiving an award
Film composer Victor Young was nominated 21 times without winning. He was often nominated multiple times in one year; twice, four times at the same Oscars. He won posthumously for Around the World in 80 Days, alongside yet another nomination (also posthumous).
Sound re-recording mixer Kevin O'Connell comes in at a close second, with 20 unsuccessful nominations from 1983 until 2016, when he finally won for Hacksaw Ridge.
Most nominations for a person
Walt Disney with 59; followed by composer John Williams with 51; composer Alfred Newman with 43; production designer Cedric Gibbons with 39; costume designer Edith Head with 35; songwriter Sammy Cahn with 26; composer Max Steiner with 25; Woody Allen with 23; composer Victor Young with 22; sound mixer Kevin O'Connell, Billy Wilder and Meryl Streep tied with 21.
Most nominations for a living person
Film composer John Williams with 51
Most nominated woman
Edith Head with 35
Highest "perfect score"
Sound editor Mark Berger has four nominations and four wins
Most nominations for directing
William Wyler with 12 nominations
Most wins for producing
Two producers received 3 awards:
Sam Spiegel
Saul Zaentz
Most nominations for producing
Steven Spielberg with 10 nominations
Most nominations for directing in a single year
Two people have received 2 nominations for Best Director in the same year:
Michael Curtiz for Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters in 1938
Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000
Most Best Picture awards for a film series
The Godfather series with 2 (for The Godfather and The Godfather Part II)
Most nominations and awards for a film series
The Middle-earth series with 17 competitive wins out of 37 nominations (for The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit).
Most nominations for Best Original Screenplay
Woody Allen with 16 nominations and 3 wins
Longest time between the release of a film and winning an Oscar
Limelight (1952) is the only film to have won an award twenty years after its official release. Since it was not released in Los Angeles County until 1972, it was not eligible for any Academy Awards until that time.
Most posthumous award wins
William A. Horning won in 1958 for Best Art Direction for Gigi, and for Best Art Direction for Ben-Hur in 1959
Most posthumous award nominations
Howard Ashman with four
Lowest-grossing film to win Best Picture
Cimarron with $1,380,000
Longest film to win Best Picture
Gone with the Wind, 224 minutes (238 with overture, entr'acte, and exit music)
Longest film to win an award
O.J.: Made in America (2016), 467 minutes (Academy Award for Best Documentary)
The longest fictional film to win an award was War and Peace (1968), 431 minutes (Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film)
Shortest film to win Best Picture
Marty, 90 minutes
Most acting awards for a character
Portrayals of Vito Corleone won:
Best Actor for Marlon Brando in The Godfather
Best Supporting Actor for Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II
Most nominations for a character
3 portrayals of Queen Elizabeth I of England earned nominations for:
Cate Blanchett in Elizabeth and Elizabeth: The Golden Age (Best Actress)
Judi Dench in Shakespeare in Love (winner, Best Supporting Actress)
3 Portrayals of King Henry VIII of England earned nominations for:
Charles Laughton in The Private Life of Henry VIII (winner, Best Actor)
Robert Shaw in A Man for All Seasons (Best Supporting Actor)
Richard Burton in Anne of the Thousand Days (Best Actor)
21 other characters have been nominated twice – (*) = winning portrayal:
Abraham Lincoln – Raymond Massey, Daniel Day-Lewis (*)
Arthur Chipping – Robert Donat (*), Peter O'Toole
Cyrano de Bergerac – Jose Ferrer (*), Gerard Depardieu
Esther Blodgett – Janet Gaynor, Judy Garland
"Fast Eddie" Felson – Paul Newman (*)
Father Chuck O'Malley – Bing Crosby (*)
Father Fitzgibbons – Barry Fitzgerald (*) – nominated for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for the same performance in Going My Way
Henry Higgins – Leslie Howard, Rex Harrison (*)
Howard Hughes – Jason Robards, Leonardo DiCaprio
Iris Murdoch – Judi Dench, Kate Winslet – portrayals of the same character at different ages in the same film (Iris)
Joe Pendleton – Robert Montgomery, Warren Beatty
King Henry II of England – Peter O'Toole
King Henry V of England – Laurence Olivier, Kenneth Branagh
Leslie Crosbie – Jeanne Eagels, Bette Davis
Max Corkle – James Gleason, Jack Warden
Michael Corleone – Al Pacino
Norman Maine – Fredric March, James Mason
Richard Nixon – Anthony Hopkins, Frank Langella
Rocky Balboa – Sylvester Stallone
Rooster Cogburn – John Wayne (*), Jeff Bridges
Rose DeWitt Bukater – Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart – portray of the same character at different ages in the same film (Titanic)
Vito Corleone – Marlon Brando (*), Robert De Niro (*)
Most Royalty and Leaders portrayed
43 portrayals of monarchs or civil leaders (real and fictional), have been nominated for acting awards, with 11 winners.
The United Kingdom is the most represented nation.
Overall, there have been 15 Nominations and 4 wins for portrayals of British monarchs.
In addition, Vanessa Redgrave was nominated for her portrayal of Mary, Queen of Scots.
3 portrayals of British Prime Ministers have been nominated, with 3 wins
The only portrayal of a non-British monarch to win an award was Yul Brynner as King Mongkut of Siam in The King and I.
9 portrayals of Presidents of the United States - 2 of them fictional - have been nominated, with Daniel Day-Lewis's portrayal of Abraham Lincoln the only winner.
Portrayals of 4 French kings and Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte have nominations.
3 portrayals of Dictators have been nominated:
Forest Whitaker won for his portrayal of Idi Amin in The Last King of Scotland
Charlie Chaplin and Jack Oakie were nominated for their turns as the dictators of Tomainia and Bacteria in The Great Dictator.
11 portrayals of spouses/consorts of leaders have been nominated, with Katharine Hepburn's Eleanor of Aquitaine the only winner.
Most Honorary Awards
Bob Hope received 5 honorary awards – 2 Special, 2 Honorary, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.[20]
Oscar speeches[edit]
Main article: Oscar speech
Longest speech
The longest Oscar speech was that given by Greer Garson at the 15th Academy Awards after she was named Best Actress for 1942 for Mrs. Miniver. Her speech ran for nearly six minutes.[21] It was shortly after this incident that the Academy set forty-five seconds as the allotted time for an acceptance speech and began to cut the winners off after this time limit. When presenting the Best Actor award at the 24th Academy Awards, Garson quipped, "I think I have ten minutes left over from a highly emotional speech I made a few years ago. I'd be glad to give it to them."
Shortest speech
The shortest Oscar speech was that given by Patty Duke at the 35th Academy Awards after she was named Best Supporting Actress for 1962 for The Miracle Worker. Duke, age 16, was the youngest person at that time to receive an Academy Award in a competitive category. Her acceptance speech was, simply, two words – "Thank you" – after which she walked off the stage.[22]
Tied winners[edit]
There have been six two-way ties:
1931/32: Best Actor – Wallace Beery (The Champ) and Fredric March (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)
1949: Best Documentary Short – A Chance to Live and So Much for So Little
1968: Best Actress – Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter) and Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl)
1986: Best Documentary – Artie Shaw: Time Is All You've Got and Down and Out in America
1994: Best Short Film (Live Action) – Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life and Trevor
2012: Best Sound Editing – Paul N. J. Ottosson (Zero Dark Thirty) and Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers (Skyfall)
See also[edit]
Academy Awards
List of Academy Award-winning films
List of Academy Award-winning families
List of Academy Awards for Walt Disney
List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories
List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners
List of actors nominated for Academy Awards for foreign language performances
List of black Academy Award winners and nominees
List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees
List of fictitious Academy Award winners and nominees
List of films with all four Academy Award acting nominations
List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees
List of people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards
List of people who have won multiple Academy Awards in a single year
List of posthumous Academy Award winners and nominees
List of superlative Academy Award winners and nominees
Little Golden Guy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Cedric Gibbons". theoscarsite.com. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
^ Jump up to: a b c Burr, Ty (2007-01-26). "Beginner's Luck". EW.com. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Session Timeout – Academy Awards® Database – AMPAS". Awardsdatabase.oscars.org. 2010-01-29. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Academy Awards Best Supporting Actress". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Classic Film Guide". Classic Film Guide. 2010-08-17. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Academy Awards Best Director – Facts & Trivia". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Awards Database". Awardsdatabase.oscars.org. 2010-01-19. Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Awards Database". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Media Awareness web site". Media-awareness.ca. 2010-07-08. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Academy Awards Best Actor". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Academy Awards Best Directors". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Academy Awards Best Supporting Actor". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Help Page – Academy Awards Database – AMPAS". Awardsdatabase.oscars.org. 2010-01-19. Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Jump up ^ Knolle, Sharon (2011-05-04). "Former Child Star Jackie Cooper Dies at Age 88". Blog.moviefone.com. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Youngest v oldest actress vie for Oscar as Lincoln leads the pack". The Times. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Walker, Tim (2013-01-10). "Quvenzhané Wallis v Emmanuelle Riva: Best actress Oscar contested by oldest and youngest ever nominees". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
Jump up ^ EUdesign, Peter Hobbs of. "OSCARS LISTS: RECORDS AND CURIOSITIES". www.eudesign.com.
Jump up ^ "Patricia Neal performance length". Serving Cinema. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
Jump up ^ "Oscars Shocker: '13 Hours' Sound Mixer's Nomination Revoked".
Jump up ^ "Academy Award Database". Academy Award Database. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Longest Speech In Oscar History".
Jump up ^ Katie Roberts (28 February 2014). "Oscars by the Numbers: 33 Fascinating Academy Awards Statistics". AOL Moviefone.
External links[edit]
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‡ Dates and years listed for each ceremony were the eligibility period of film release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period was done on a seasonal basis, from August to July. For the 6th ceremony, held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932 to December 31, 1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.
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