text:
One red paperclip
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The paperclip that Kyle MacDonald traded for a house.
One red paperclip is a website created by Canadian blogger Kyle MacDonald, who bartered his way from a single red paperclip to a house in a series of fourteen online trades over the course of a year.[1] MacDonald was inspired by the childhood game Bigger, Better. His site received a considerable amount of notice for tracking the transactions. "A lot of people have been asking how I've stirred up so much publicity around the project, and my simple answer is: 'I have no idea'", he told the BBC.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Trading timeline
2 See also
3 References
3.1 Notes
3.2 Bibliography
4 External links
Trading timeline[edit]
MacDonald made his first trade, a red paper clip for a fish-shaped pen, on July 14, 2005. He reached his goal of trading up to a house with the fourteenth transaction, trading a movie role for a house. This is the list of all transactions MacDonald made:[2]
On July 14, 2005, he went to Vancouver and traded the paperclip for a fish-shaped pen.
He then traded the pen the same day for a hand-sculpted doorknob from Seattle, Washington.
On July 25, 2005, he travelled to Amherst, Massachusetts, with a friend to trade the doorknob for a Coleman camp stove (with fuel).
On September 24, 2005, he went to California, and traded the camp stove for a Honda generator.
On November 16, 2005, he made a second (and successful) attempt (after having the generator confiscated by the New York City Fire Department) in Maspeth, Queens, to trade the generator for an "instant party": an empty keg, an IOU for filling the keg with the beer of the bearer's choice, and a neon Budweiser sign.
Kyle MacDonald's house
On December 8, 2005, he traded the "instant party" to Quebec comedian and radio personality Michel Barrette for one Ski-Doo snowmobile.
Within a week of that, he traded the snowmobile for a two-person trip to Yahk, British Columbia, scheduled for February 2006.
On or about January 7, 2006, he traded the second spot on the Yahk trip for a box truck.
On or about February 22, 2006, he traded the box truck for a recording contract with Metalworks in Mississauga, Ontario.
On or about April 11, 2006, he traded the recording contract to Jody Gnant for a year's rent in Phoenix, Arizona.
On or about April 26, 2006, he traded the one year's rent in Phoenix, Arizona, for one afternoon with Alice Cooper.
On or about May 26, 2006, he traded the one afternoon with Alice Cooper for a KISS motorized snow globe.
On or about June 2, 2006, he traded the KISS motorized snow globe to Corbin Bernsen for a role in the film Donna on Demand.[3]
On or about July 5, 2006, he traded the movie role for a two-story farmhouse in Kipling, Saskatchewan.
See also[edit]
2000s portal
Straw Millionaire
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "From paper-clip to house, in 14 trades – Canada – CBC News". Cbc.ca. July 7, 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Man turns paper clip into house". BBC News. July 11, 2006.
Jump up ^ ATS #41 – The New Marketing Podcast with guest Corbin Bernsen Across the Sound (July 1, 2006)
Bibliography[edit]
Macdonald, Kyle (June 28, 2007). One Red Paperclip: How a Small Piece of Stationery Turned into a Great Big Adventure. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-191452-3.
External links[edit]
"One Red Paperclip Website" Red Paperclip Official site.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_red_paperclip&oldid=804866229"
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My Name Is Earl
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
My Name Is Earl
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Greg Garcia
Starring
Jason Lee
Ethan Suplee
Jaime Pressly
Nadine Velazquez
Eddie Steeples
Narrated by
Jason Lee (as Earl Hickey)
Composer(s)
Danny Lux
Mark Leggett
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
96 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Greg Garcia
Marc Buckland
Bobby Bowman
Producer(s)
Jason Lee
Henry J. Lange Jr.
Danielle Sanchez-Witzel
John Hoberg
Michael Pennie
Kat Likkel
Mike Mariano
Jessica Goldstein
Hilary Winston
Chrissy Pietrosh
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
19–24 minutes
Production company(s)
Amigos de Garcia Productions
20th Century Fox Television
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
NBC
Picture format
1080i (16:9 HDTV)
Original release
September 20, 2005 (2005-09-20) – May 14, 2009 (2009-05-14)
Official website
www.nbc.com/My_Name_Is_Earl/
My Name Is Earl is an American sitcom series created by Greg Garcia that aired on the NBC television network from September 20, 2005, to December 16, 2008, in the United States. It was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and starred Jason Lee as Earl Hickey, the title character. The series also stars Ethan Suplee, Jaime Pressly, Nadine Velazquez, and Eddie Steeples.
Most episodes from the first season, then only a few from the rest, begin with Earl presenting the premise of the series:
You know the kind of guy who does nothing but bad things and then wonders why his life sucks? Well, that was me. Every time something good happened to me, something bad was always waiting around the corner: karma. That's when I realized that I had to change, so I made a list of everything bad I've ever done and one by one I'm gonna make up for all my mistakes. I'm just trying to be a better person. My name is Earl.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Conception
3.2 Locations
3.3 Cancellation and future
4 Critical reception
5 Episodes
6 DVD releases
6.1 Season releases overview
7 Ratings
8 Syndication
9 Comic book
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Earl Hickey is a small-time thief, living in the fictional rural town of Camden, whose winning $100,000 lottery ticket is lost when he is hit by a car while he celebrates his good fortune. Lying in a hospital bed, he learns about karma during an episode of the talk show Last Call with Carson Daly. Convinced he has to turn his life around to be happy, Earl gives himself over to the power of karma. He makes a list of every bad thing and every person he has wronged and make efforts to fix them all. After doing a first good deed, he finds the $100,000 lottery ticket that he had lost. Seeing this as a sign of karma rewarding him for his commitment, Earl uses his newfound wealth to do more good deeds according to his list.[1]
Having divorced from his wife Joy Darville and separated from their two kids Dodge and Earl Jr., neither of whom are biologically related to him, Earl moves into a motel and lives with his brother Randy, and they meet Catalina, the motel's beautiful maid who illegally immigrated from somewhere in Latin America. Earl works on the list which mostly involves strangers and old acquaintances he has wronged, but also contains items involving his family. Initially Joy plots to kill or blackmail Earl for the lottery money, but later gives up. Joy marries Darnell Turner, a mutual friend who works at a local restaurant called the Crab Shack, and with whom she had been having an affair. In the season 1 finale, Earl discovers he had bought the lotto tickets using money he stole from another person, but when he tries to return his winnings to that person, the latter is inflicted with bad karma, so he returns the money to Earl.
The second season has Earl continuing to work on his list, however, Joy gets in trouble when she steals a delivery truck and ends up kidnapping and assaulting the worker who was inside. Joy is arrested for felonies that would put her in prison for life because it was her third strike. To soften the jury, she decides to have a surrogate baby for her half-sister Liberty Washington. When things do not go well at her trial, Earl sacrifices himself by confessing to all of Joy's crimes, and is sentenced to two years in a state penitentiary. Also during the season, Catalina was deported, so Earl and Randy visit her village in Latin America, and Randy marries Catalina in a green card marriage to bring her back.
In the third season, Earl is in the state prison, but continues to do good deeds despite not having his list. He meets Frank, with whom he had rented the trailer in which Joy and Darnell now live, while Randy gets a job as a prison guard to be close to Earl. Meanwhile, Joy gives birth to Liberty and Ray Ray's child. Earl's good deeds attract the attention of the state warden Jerry, who offers Earl a reduction in prison time for helping him resolve his issues. When Earl is about to leave, Jerry revokes Earl's reductions as he would lose such a productive helper, but Earl eventually gains the upper hand and forces Jerry to honor his early release. After leaving prison, Earl loses his confidence in the list; he has spent years and the last of his lottery winnings doing good things, but has nothing lasting to show for it, and is insistent that karma should have given him some kind of lasting reward by now. He reverts to his pre-list ways, doing cruel and illegal things until Frank's former girlfriend Billie Cunningham hits him with her car and sends him into a coma, and is subsequently hit herself. Randy is able to revive Earl by working on the list. Earl finds Billie and marries her, thinking she is karma's reward for his years of effort. When Earl and Billie argue over the list, and when Earl chooses the list over her, Billie goes into a rampage where she undoes his good deeds. However, when Billie hides in the Amish-like "Camdenite" settlement, she has a change of heart. She divorces Earl and gives him the rest of her insurance settlement money.
The fourth season goes back to focusing on Earl doing good deeds to cross off his list.[2] A major story arc during this season was that Darnell, who is actually a former assassin from a secret government agency, blows his witness protection cover. He, Joy and his family are forced to change identities and relocate until Darnell's father, also from the agency, goes on a mission with Darnell which clears them of needing protection. The season ends with a cliffhanger episode in which Earl and the gang learn from DNA test results that Earl is actually Dodge's biological father, but that Earl Jr.'s biological father is not Darnell.
Cast[edit]
Jason Lee portrayed Earl Hickey in the series
Main article: List of My Name Is Earl characters
Jason Lee as Earl Hickey, a small-time thug who turns his life around after winning money a lottery scratcher and making a list of wrongs that he plans to make amends for.
Ethan Suplee as Randy Hickey, Earl's slow-witted brother.
Jaime Pressly as Joy Turner, Earl's ex-wife who lives in a trailer park.
Nadine Velazquez as Catalina, the maid at the motel that Earl and Randy reside.
Eddie Steeples as Darnell Turner, a worker at the local restaurant that Earl and the gang frequent. He marries Joy in season 1.
Production[edit]
Conception[edit]
Creator and head writer Greg Garcia wrote the pilot while working on another sitcom, Yes, Dear. He initially pitched the series to Fox which passed on the series. He then approached NBC, which optioned the pilot on a cast-contingent basis, meaning they would order the pilot provided a suitable cast could be assembled. Jason Lee was approached for the lead role, but was uninterested in working in television and passed on the series twice before finally agreeing to read the pilot script. Though he liked the pilot, he was hesitant to commit to his first TV starring role until meeting with Garcia, after which he signed on to play Earl Hickey.[3]
Locations[edit]
My Name Is Earl is set in fictional Camden County. Creator Greg Garcia says:[citation needed]
The show doesn't technically take place anywhere....we like to think it's anywhere. We don't really say exactly where it is.
—  Greg Garcia
In the episode "BB", Earl's driver's license address is at "Pimmit Hills Trailer Park, Space C-13, Camden County", but the state is not listed. Creator Greg Garcia said that Camden County is loosely modeled on Pimmit Hills, Virginia, the neighborhood where he grew up.[4][5] The actual location in Los Angeles was not a trailer park, but was built up to look like one.[6]
Many of the locations were filmed in San Fernando Valley in California. In the season 1 episode "The Professor", Earl receives a postcard from Alex with the address "Earl Hickey, The Palms Hotel RM 231, 9005 Lincoln Blvd, Camden USA" with Earl's hand covering up most of the postmark. The Palms Motel structure is actually a motel in North Hills, California, now named the Palm Tree Inn Motel. It was also used to film other shows and films such as Gilmore Girls, The Mentalist, and Heroes.[7][8][9][10] Exterior shots of the Crab Shack and Club Chubby were also taken from locations in Van Nuys and North Hills.[6] Houses and shops for the various characters come from locations in Van Nuys, Santa Clarita, Northridge, Moorpark, Los Angeles, and other Southern California cities.[11][12][13] In the episode "Didn't Pay Taxes", Earl and Randy climb the landmark Artesia water tower, although they do not refer to it by name.[14]
Other episodes have listed states that were unlikely to have Camden County. In the episode "Our Other Cops is On", officer Stuart Daniels states that his surveillance equipment was "supposed to go to Camden, New Jersey, but came here instead". In "Earl and Joy's Anniversary", when killer bees have invaded Camden and then left, Iqball says that the bees are heading for Texas. The flashback episodes "Inside Probe" describe Camden County as trying to stay independent during the American Civil War and forming its own country called Central, which lasted less than a day.
Cancellation and future[edit]
The series ended abruptly on September 23, 2008 after running for four seasons. Season four had ended with the caption 'To Be Continued'. The series' producer, 20th Century Fox Television, approached the Fox,[15] TBS[16] and TNT[17] networks to continue the series, but they were unable to come to terms without "seriously undermining the artistic integrity of the series."[16][18][19][20][21][22]
In October 2011, Jason Lee told E! Online he has been in talks with Greg Garcia to finish the list via a movie, possibly to be released online.[23]
On October 1, 2013, creator Greg Garcia participated in an AMA on reddit.com. Fan Jerry Denton asked "Who was Earl Jr's. real father and did Earl ever finish the list?"
Garcia replied:[23]
We never really got the chance to fully figure it out but the talk in the writers room was that Earl Jr.'s Dad was going to be someone famous. Like Dave Chappelle or Lil Jon. Someone that came to town on tour and Joy slept with. But when we got canceled we never got the chance to figure it out. I was worried about doing a cliffhanger but I asked NBC if it was safe to do one at the end of the season and they told me it was. I guess it wasn't. I had always had an ending to Earl and I'm sorry I didn't get the chance to see it happen. You've got a show about a guy with a list so not seeing him finish it is a bummer. But the truth is, he wasn't ever going to finish the list. The basic idea of the ending was that while he was stuck on a really hard list item he was going to start to get frustrated that he was never going to finish it. Then he runs into someone who had a list of their own and Earl was on it. They needed to make up for something bad they had done to Earl. He asks them where they got the idea of making a list and they tell him that someone came to them with a list and that person got the idea from someone else. Earl eventually realizes that his list started a chain reaction of people with lists and that he's finally put more good into the world than bad. So at that point he was going to tear up his list and go live his life. Walk into the sunset a free man. With good karma.
—  Greg Garcia
Critical reception[edit]
The show was well received by critics and audiences alike. One reviewer speculated that Earl's forthrightness to having led a life of idiocy is what endears him to the viewer, and is what suggests there is a depth to his character beyond what is initially seen.[1] Many of the negative and ambivalent reviews center on what is perceived to be base[24] and bigoted humor.[25]
Some critics claimed the series had a Scientologist bias or message, with actors Jason Lee and Ethan Suplee being Scientologists.[26] In 2008, Alec Baldwin publicly named Earl creator Greg Garcia as being a Scientologist;[27] Garcia quickly denied any involvement with Scientology, claiming that the Daily Mirror had incorrectly reported him to be a Scientologist.[28]
The series was nominated twice for Best International Programme at the British Academy Television Awards in 2007 and 2008. The pilot episode won Emmy awards for Outstanding Writing and Directing in a Comedy Series for Greg Garcia and Marc Buckland respectively at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards. Jaime Pressly won for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy series at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards. Other Emmy nominations include Beau Bridges and Giovanni Ribisi for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of My Name Is Earl episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 24 September 20, 2005 (2005-09-20) May 11, 2006 (2006-05-11)
2 23 September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21) May 10, 2007 (2007-05-10)
3 22 September 27, 2007 (2007-09-27) May 15, 2008 (2008-05-15)
4 27 September 25, 2008 (2008-09-25) May 14, 2009 (2009-05-14)
DVD releases[edit]
Season releases overview[edit]
DVD Name
Release dates
Ep #
Additional Information
Region 1
Region 2
Season One[29] September 19, 2006 September 25, 2006 24 The four disc box set includes all 24 episodes. Bonus features include deleted scenes, commentary tracks on selected episodes, selections from the season's gag reel, and a "mini-episode" vignette where Stewie Griffin from Family Guy influences Earl to get revenge on everyone who wronged him.
Season Two[30] September 25, 2007 January 28, 2008 23 The four disc box set includes all 23 episodes. Bonus features include deleted scenes, commentary tracks on selected episodes, as well as other featurettes.
Season Three[31] September 30, 2008[32] October 20, 2008[33] 22 The four disc box set includes all 22 episodes. Bonus features include a gag reel, "Creating the characters" featurette and deleted scenes.
Season Four[34] September 15, 2009 October 5, 2009 27 The four disc box set includes all 27 episodes. Bonus features include deleted scenes, a gag reel, "Earl's Fan Mail" featurette and a movie trailer inspired by the premiere episode. Also released on Blu-ray.
Ratings[edit]
The series premiered on September 20, 2005, drew in 14.9 million viewers in the United States, earning a 6.6 rating. By the airing of the third episode it was apparent that My Name Is Earl was the highest rated of NBC's new fall offerings, and a full season (22 episodes) was ordered. In its first month, it was also the highest rated new sitcom of the season to air on any network and was the highest rated sitcom on any network in the 18–49-year-old demographic. The show was renewed for a second season (2006), a third (2007), and a fourth (2008).
Season
Timeslot (EDT)
Season Premiere
Season Finale
TV Season
Viewers
(in millions)
1
Tuesday 9:00 P.M. (September 20 – October 18, 2005)
Thursday 9:00 P.M. (October 25 – December 27, 2005)
September 20, 2005 December 27, 2005 2005 10.9[35]
2
Thursday 8:00 P.M.
September 21, 2006 December 19, 2006 2006 8.9[36]
3
September 27, 2007 December 25, 2007 2007 7.3[37]
4
September 23, 2008 December 16, 2008 2008 6.6[38]
Syndication[edit]
20th Century Fox Television has cleared My Name Is Earl in nearly 50% of the U.S., said Bob Cook, the company's president and chief operating officer. 20th had sold the off-net sitcom to the Fox, Tribune, CBS, Hearst-Argyle, and Sinclair station groups for a fall 2009 debut.[39]
My Name Is Earl aired in off-network syndication and on TBS, Ion Television, and MyNetworkTV in the United States, and is currently available on the streaming service Netflix. Canada airs the series on Joytv. The series premiered in January 2006 on Channel 4 in the UK. The fourth and Final season was shown on E4 in October 2008. In 2013, 5* gained the repeat rights to the series.

Comic book[edit]
Independent comic book publisher Oni Press had announced a comic book tie-in to the series in 2006,[40] and season one's DVD release included ads for the comic; but none were produced. Since the cancellation of the show, Oni has abandoned the comic.[41]
See also[edit]
List of My Name Is Earl episodes
List of My Name Is Earl characters
100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b DeWolf Smith, Nancy (September 16, 2005). "Arts and Entertainment Review". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
Jump up ^ ""My Name Is Earl" Season 4 Preview: The Legend Of Dan Coscino – Channel Guide Magazine". channelguidemag.com. September 19, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ My Name is Earl season 1 DVD extra: Making Things Right: Behind the Scenes of My Name is Earl Featurette
Jump up ^ Seibel, Deborah Starr (October 9, 2004). "Comedy Means Always Having to Say You're Sorry". New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The surprise hit of My Name is Earl". Entertainment Weekly. January 13, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Chas Demster (September 2014). "My Name Is Earl – The Main Locations". Chas Demster. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Blake, Lindsay (January 29, 2016). "The Palms Motel from “My Name Is Earl”". Iamnotastalker.com. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hutchinson, Guy (November 2, 2007). "My Name Is Earl hotel". Bunchojunk. Retrieved July 21, 2017 – via Blogspot.
Jump up ^ Hutchinson, Guy (February 17, 2012). "Film locations: The "My Name is Earl" motel". Locationsfromfilms. Retrieved July 21, 2017 – via Blogspot.
Jump up ^ Hoffarth, Tony (January 28, 2010). "My Name is Earl". Flickr. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chas Demster (September 2014). "My Name Is Earl – The Houses Of Camden County". Its Filmed There. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chas Demster (September 2014). "My Name Is Earl – Businesses, Churches And Schools Of Camden County". Its Filmed There. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl – Other Memorable Locations". Its Filmed There. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Official City of Artesia, California (2015). "Investigating the Water Tower's Structural Integrity". Retrieved July 21, 2017 – via Facebook.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Maria Elena (May 19, 2009). "'My Name Is Earl' creator is OK with being 'thrown off the Titanic'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 19, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Littleton, Cynthia (June 8, 2009). "TBS may give new 'Earl' segs a whirl". Variety. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Flint, Joe (May 20, 2009). "TBS ready to be lifeboat for 'My Name Is Earl'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Suplee, Ethan (May 23, 2009). "Thanks for the effort guys…". Twitter. Retrieved May 23, 2009. [self-published source?]
Jump up ^ Chambers, Elizabeth; Godwin, Jennifer (June 9, 2009). "Could My Name Is Earl Be Saved?". E!. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, Mickey (June 10, 2009). "My Name Is Earl in Talks to Move to TBS". TV Guide. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Godwin, Jennifer (June 11, 2009). "My Name Is Earl Dead, Deal with TBS Won't Work Out". E!. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 11, 2009). "This just in: 'My Name is Earl' will NOT live on". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jason Lee on My Name Is Earl Movie: "It's Time!"". E! Online. October 21, 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
Jump up ^ "We learn that the items on Earl's list include No. 86, "stole a car from a one-legged girl," and No. 22, "peed in back of cop car." Gosh, what swell episodes those ought to make." Quote by Shales, Tom (September 20, 2005). "Earl Defines What It Takes To Be Sorry". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl is not a stupid sitcom – that is what makes its sexist and homophobic jokes so maddening... Viewers aren't encouraged to laugh at Earl, as much as they are with him – at the people on his list." Citation from Will karma smile on NBC's 'My Name Is Earl'?, Baltimore Sun, by David Zurawik, 20 Sept 2005; text retrieved from AV Science Forum, Feb 2009.
Jump up ^ Donaghy, James (June 29, 2007). "My name is L Ron Hubbard". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
Jump up ^ Gawker article: "Alec Baldwin Doesn't Take Any Shit From Scientologists Archived March 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.."
Jump up ^ Spiegelman, Ian (April 17, 2009). "Greg Garcia Responds to Baldwin: 'I'm Not a Scientologist.'". 'Gawker.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl – The Complete 1st Season DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2007-11-30.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl – The Complete 2nd Season DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2007-11-30.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl – The Complete 3rd Season DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl – Season Three (2009)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
Jump up ^ "(UK) : My Name Is Earl: Season 3 (4 Discs) : DVD – Free Delivery". Play.com. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
Jump up ^ "My Name Is Earl – The Complete 4th Season DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Series". The Hollywood Reporter. May 26, 2006. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
Jump up ^ "2006–07 primetime wrap". The Hollywood Reporter. May 25, 2007. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
Jump up ^ Justin Van De Kamp (June 1, 2008). "TV Ratings: 2007–2008 Season Top-200". televisionista. blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Season Program Rankings from 09/22/08 through 05/17/09". ABC Medianet. May 19, 2009. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
Jump up ^ Paige Albiniak (January 8, 2009). "Twentieth Clears 'Earl' In Half The Country". Broadcasting & Cable. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
Jump up ^ "'My Name Is Earl' to become a comic book". Upi.com. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived March 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Further reading[edit]
Fry, Kim (November 28, 2005). "California church plays role in My Name Is Earl TV series". United Methodist News Service.
"Nominations and Winners". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2006.
External links[edit]
My Name Is Earl on IMDb
My Name Is Earl at TV.com
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My Fair Lady
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the musical stage play. For the film, see My Fair Lady (film). For other uses, see My Fair Lady (disambiguation).
My Fair Lady
Original Broadway Poster by Al Hirschfeld
Music
Frederick Loewe
Lyrics
Alan Jay Lerner
Book
Alan Jay Lerner
Basis
George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion
Productions
1956 Broadway
1957 US Tour
1958 West End
1976 Broadway
1978 UK Tour
1979 West End
1980 US Tour
1981 Broadway
1993 US Tour
1993 Broadway
2001 West End
2005 UK Tour
2007 US Tour
2008 Australia Tour
2016-17 Australia Tour
Awards
Tony Award for Best Musical
My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phoneticist, so that she may pass as a lady. The original Broadway and London shows starred Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews.
The musical's 1956 Broadway production was a notable critical and popular success. It set a record for the longest run of any show on Broadway up to that time. It was followed by a hit London production, a popular film version, chart topping original cast and soundtrack albums and numerous revivals. My Fair Lady has frequently been called "the perfect musical".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Characters and original Broadway cast
3 Musical numbers
4 Background
5 Productions
5.1 Original Broadway production
5.2 Original London production
5.3 1970s revivals
5.4 1981 and 1993 Broadway revivals
5.5 2001 London revival; 2003 Hollywood Bowl production
5.6 2018 Broadway revival
5.7 Other major productions
5.7.1 Berlin, 1961
5.7.2 2007 New York Philharmonic concert and US tour
5.7.3 2008 Australian tour
5.7.4 2010 Paris revival
5.7.5 2012 Sheffield production
5.7.6 2016 Australian production
6 Critical reception
7 Awards and nominations
7.1 Original Broadway production
7.2 1976 Broadway revival
7.3 1979 London revival
7.4 1981 Broadway revival
7.5 1993 Broadway revival
7.6 2001 London revival
8 Adaptations
8.1 1964 film
8.2 Unrealized film in 2000s
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Act I
On a rainy night in Edwardian London, opera patrons are waiting under the arches of Covent Garden for cabs. Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl, runs into a young man called Freddy. She admonishes him for spilling her bunches of violets in the mud, but she cheers up after selling one to an older gentleman. She then flies into an angry outburst when a man copying down her speech is pointed out to her. The man explains that he studies phonetics and can identify anyone's origin by their accent. He laments Eliza's dreadful speech, asking why so many English people don't speak properly and explaining his theory that this is what truly separates social classes, rather than looks or money ("Why Can't the English?"). He declares that in six months he could turn Eliza into a lady by teaching her to speak properly. The older gentleman introduces himself as Colonel Pickering, a linguist who has studied Indian dialects. The phoneticist introduces himself as Henry Higgins, and, as they both have always wanted to meet each other, Higgins invites Pickering to stay at his home in London. He distractedly throws his change into Eliza's basket, and she and her friends wonder what it would be like to live a comfortable, proper life ("Wouldn't It Be Loverly?").
Eliza's father, Alfred P. Doolittle, and his drinking companions, Harry and Jamie, all dustmen, stop by the next morning. He is searching for money for a drink, and Eliza shares her profits with him ("With a Little Bit of Luck"). Pickering and Higgins are discussing vowels at Higgins's home when Mrs. Pearce, the housekeeper, informs Higgins that a young woman with a ghastly accent has come to see him. It is Eliza, who has come to take speech lessons so she can get a job as an assistant in a florist's shop. Pickering wagers that Higgins cannot make good on his claim and volunteers to pay for Eliza's lessons. An intensive makeover of Eliza's speech, manners and dress begins in preparation for her appearance at the Embassy Ball. Higgins sees himself as a kindhearted, patient man who cannot get along with women ("I'm an Ordinary Man"). To others he appears self-absorbed and misogynistic.
Alfred Doolittle is informed that his daughter has been taken in by Professor Higgins, and considers that he might be able to make a little money from the situation ("With a Little Bit of Luck" [Reprise]).
Doolittle arrives at Higgins's house the next morning, claiming that Higgins is compromising Eliza's virtue. Higgins is impressed by the man's natural gift for language and brazen lack of moral values. He and Doolittle agree that Eliza can continue to take lessons and live at Higgins's house if Higgins gives Doolittle five pounds for a spree. Higgins flippantly recommends Doolittle to an American millionaire who has written to Higgins seeking a lecturer on moral values. Meanwhile, Eliza endures speech tutoring, endlessly repeating phrases like "In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen” (initially, the only "h" she aspirates is in "hever") and "The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain" (to practice the "long a" phoneme). Frustrated, she dreams of different ways to kill Higgins, from sickness to drowning to a firing squad ("Just You Wait"). The servants lament the hard "work" Higgins does ("The Servants' Chorus"). Just as they give up, Eliza suddenly recites "The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain" in perfect upper-class style. Higgins, Eliza, and Pickering happily dance around Higgins's study ("The Rain in Spain"). Thereafter she speaks with impeccable received pronunciation. Mrs. Pearce, the housekeeper, insists that Eliza go to bed; she declares she is too excited to sleep ("I Could Have Danced All Night").
For her first public tryout, Higgins takes Eliza to his mother's box at Ascot Racecourse ("Ascot Gavotte"). Henry's mother reluctantly agrees to help Eliza make conversation, following Henry's advice that Eliza should stick to two subjects: the weather and everybody's health. Eliza makes a good impression at first with her polite manners but later shocks everyone when she forgets herself while watching a race and reverts to Cockney slang. She does, however, capture the heart of Freddy Eynsford-Hill, the young man she ran into in the opening scene. Freddy calls on Eliza that evening, but she refuses to see him. He declares that he will wait for her as long as necessary in the street outside Higgins's house ("On the Street Where You Live").
Eliza's final test requires her to pass as a lady at the Embassy Ball, and after weeks of preparation, she is ready. All the ladies and gentlemen at the ball admire her, and the Queen of Transylvania invites her to dance with her son, the prince ("Embassy Waltz"). Eliza then dances with Higgins. A rival and former student of Higgins, a Hungarian phonetician named Zoltan Karpathy, is employed by the hostess to discover Eliza's origins through her speech. Though Pickering and his mother caution him not to, Higgins allows Karpathy to dance with Eliza.
Act II
The event is revealed to have been a success, with Zoltan Karpathy having concluded that Eliza is "not only Hungarian, but of royal blood. She is a princess!" After the ball, Pickering flatters Higgins on his triumph, and Higgins expresses his pleasure that the experiment is now over ("You Did It"). The episode leaves Eliza feeling used and abandoned. Higgins completely ignores Eliza until he mislays his slippers. He asks her where they are, and she lashes out at him, leaving the clueless professor mystified by her ingratitude. When Eliza decides to leave Higgins, he insults her in frustration and storms off. Eliza cries as she prepares to leave ("Just You Wait" [Reprise]). She finds Freddy still waiting outside ("On the Street Where You Live" [Reprise]). He begins to tell her how much he loves her, but she cuts him off, telling him that she has heard enough words; if he really loves her, he should show it ("Show Me"). She and Freddy return to Covent Garden, where her friends do not recognize her with her newly refined bearing ("The Flower Market/Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" [Reprise]). By chance, her father is there as well, dressed in a fine suit. He explains that he received a surprise bequest of four thousand pounds a year from the American millionaire, which has raised him to middle-class respectability, and now must marry Eliza's "stepmother", the woman he has been living with for many years. Eliza sees that she no longer belongs in Covent Garden, and she and Freddy depart. Doolittle and his friends have one last spree before the wedding ("Get Me to the Church on Time").
Higgins awakens the next morning to find that, without Eliza, he has tea instead of coffee, and cannot find his own files. He wonders why she left after the triumph at the ball and concludes that men (especially himself) are far superior to women ("A Hymn to Him"). Pickering, becoming annoyed with Higgins, leaves to stay with his friend at the Home Office. Higgins seeks his mother's advice and finds Eliza having tea with her. Higgins's mother leaves Higgins and Eliza together. Eliza explains that Higgins has always treated her as a flower girl, but she learned to be a lady because Pickering treated her as one. Higgins claims he treated her the same way that Pickering did because both Higgins and Pickering treat all women alike. Eliza accuses him of wanting her only to fetch and carry for him, saying that she will marry Freddy because he loves her. She declares she no longer needs Higgins, saying she was foolish to think she did ("Without You"). Higgins is struck by Eliza's spirit and independence and wants her to stay with him, but she tells him that he will not see her again.
As Higgins walks home, he realizes he's grown attached to Eliza ("I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face"). He cannot bring himself to confess that he loves her, and insists to himself that if she marries Freddy and then comes back to him, he will not accept her. But he finds it difficult to imagine being alone again. He reviews the recording he made of the morning Eliza first came to him for lessons. He hears his own harsh words: "She's so deliciously low! So horribly dirty!" Then the phonograph turns off, and a real voice speaks in a Cockney accent: "I washed me face an' 'ands before I come, I did". It is Eliza, standing in the doorway, tentatively returning to him. The musical ends on an ambiguous moment of possible reconciliation between teacher and pupil, as Higgins slouches and asks, "Eliza, where the devil are my slippers?"
Characters and original Broadway cast[edit]
The original cast of the Broadway stage production:[2]
Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics – Rex Harrison
Eliza Doolittle, a young Cockney flowerseller – Julie Andrews
Alfred P. Doolittle, Eliza's father, a dustman – Stanley Holloway
Mrs. Higgins, Henry's socialite mother – Cathleen Nesbitt
Colonel Hugh Pickering, Henry Higgins's friend and fellow phoneticist – Robert Coote
Freddy Eynsford-Hill, a young socialite and Eliza's suitor – John Michael King
Mrs. Pearce, Higgins's housekeeper – Philippa Bevans
Mrs. Eynsford-Hill, Freddy's mother – Viola Roache
Zoltan Karpathy, Henry Higgins's former student and rival – Christopher Hewett
Musical numbers[edit]
Act I[2]
"Overture" – The Orchestra
"Busker Sequence" – The Orchestra
"Why Can't the English?" – Professor Higgins
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" – Eliza and Male Quartet
"With a Little Bit of Luck" – Alfred Doolittle, Harry, and Jamie
"I'm an Ordinary Man" – Professor Higgins
"With a Little Bit of Luck (Reprise)" – Alfred Doolittle and Ensemble
"Just You Wait" – Eliza
"The Servants' Chorus (Poor Professor Higgins)" – Mrs. Pearce and Servants
"The Rain in Spain" – Professor Higgins, Eliza, and Colonel Pickering
"I Could Have Danced All Night" – Eliza, Mrs. Pearce, and Servants
"Ascot Gavotte" – Ensemble
"On the Street Where You Live" – Freddy
"Eliza's Entrance/Embassy Waltz" – The Orchestra
Act II
"You Did It" – Colonel Pickering, Professor Higgins, Mrs. Pearce, and Servants
"Just You Wait (Reprise)" – Eliza
"On the Street Where You Live (Reprise)" – Freddy
"Show Me" – Freddy, then Eliza
"The Flower Market/Wouldn't It Be Loverly? (Reprise)" – Eliza and Male Quartet
"Get Me to the Church on Time" – Alfred Doolittle and Ensemble
"A Hymn to Him" – Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering
"Without You" – Eliza and Professor Higgins
"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" – Professor Higgins
"I Could Have Danced All Night (Reprise) / Finale" – The Orchestra
Background[edit]
In the mid-1930s, film producer Gabriel Pascal acquired the rights to produce film versions of several of George Bernard Shaw's plays, Pygmalion among them. However, Shaw, having had a bad experience with The Chocolate Soldier, a Viennese operetta based on his play Arms and the Man, refused permission for Pygmalion to be adapted into a musical. After Shaw died in 1950, Pascal asked lyricist Alan Jay Lerner to write the musical adaptation. Lerner agreed, and he and his partner Frederick Loewe began work. They quickly realized, however, that the play violated several key rules for constructing a musical: the main story was not a love story, there was no subplot or secondary love story, and there was no place for an ensemble.[3] Many people, including Oscar Hammerstein II, who, with Richard Rodgers, had also tried his hand at adapting Pygmalion into a musical and had given up, told Lerner that converting the play to a musical was impossible, so he and Loewe abandoned the project for two years.[4]
During this time, the collaborators separated and Gabriel Pascal died. Lerner had been trying to musicalize Li'l Abner when he read Pascal's obituary and found himself thinking about Pygmalion again.[5] When he and Loewe reunited, everything fell into place. All the insurmountable obstacles that stood in their way two years earlier disappeared when the team realized that the play needed few changes apart from (according to Lerner) "adding the action that took place between the acts of the play".[6] They then excitedly began writing the show. However, Chase Manhattan Bank was in charge of Pascal's estate, and the musical rights to Pygmalion were sought both by Lerner and Loewe and by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, whose executives called Lerner to discourage him from challenging the studio. Loewe said, "We will write the show without the rights, and when the time comes for them to decide who is to get them, we will be so far ahead of everyone else that they will be forced to give them to us."[7] For five months Lerner and Loewe wrote, hired technical designers, and made casting decisions. The bank, in the end, granted them the musical rights.
Lerner settled on the title My Fair Lady, relating both to one of Shaw's provisional titles for Pygmalion, Fair Eliza, and to the final line of every verse of the nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down". Recalling that the Gershwins' 1925 musical Tell Me More had been titled My Fair Lady in its out-of-town tryout, and also had a musical number under that title, Lerner made a courtesy call to Ira Gershwin, alerting him to the use of the title for the Lerner and Loewe musical.
Noël Coward was the first to be offered the role of Henry Higgins, but turned it down, suggesting the producers cast Rex Harrison instead.[8] After much deliberation, Harrison agreed to accept the part. Mary Martin was an early choice for the role of Eliza Doolittle, but declined the role.[9] Young actress Julie Andrews was "discovered" and cast as Eliza after the show's creative team went to see her Broadway debut in The Boy Friend. Moss Hart agreed to direct after hearing only two songs. The music was arranged by Trude Rittman, Robert Russell Bennett and Gino Smart and orchestrated by Bennett, supported by Philip J. Lang and Jack Mason. [10]
The musical's script used several scenes that Shaw had written especially for the 1938 film version of Pygmalion, including the Embassy Ball sequence and the final scene of the 1938 film rather than the ending for Shaw's original play. The montage showing Eliza's lessons was also expanded, combining both Lerner and Shaw's dialogue. The artwork on the original playbill (and sleeve of the cast recording) is by Al Hirschfeld, who drew the playwright Shaw as a heavenly puppetmaster pulling the strings on the Henry Higgins character, while Higgins in turn attempts to control Eliza Doolittle.
Productions[edit]
Original Broadway production[edit]
The musical had its pre-Broadway tryout at New Haven's Shubert Theatre. At the first preview Rex Harrison, who was unaccustomed to singing in front of a live orchestra, "announced that under no circumstances would he go on that night...with those thirty-two interlopers in the pit".[11] He locked himself in his dressing room and came out little more than an hour before curtain time. The whole company had been dismissed but were recalled, and opening night was a success.[12] In 1973, on an episode of her Emmy Award-winning ABC-TV variety series, Julie Andrews recalled that during the New Haven tryout, one of the songs written for the show, "Say A Prayer For Me Tonight" was dropped and then used two years later for the 1958 MGM musical Gigi. My Fair Lady then played for four weeks at the Erlanger Theatre in Philadelphia, beginning on February 15, 1956.
The musical premiered on Broadway March 15, 1956, at the Mark Hellinger Theatre in New York City. It transferred to the Broadhurst Theatre and then The Broadway Theatre, where it closed on September 29, 1962, after 2,717 performances, a record at the time. Moss Hart directed and Hanya Holm was choreographer. In addition to stars Rex Harrison, Julie Andrews and Stanley Holloway, the original cast included Robert Coote, Cathleen Nesbitt, John Michael King, and Reid Shelton.[13] Harrison was replaced by Edward Mulhare in November 1957 and Sally Ann Howes replaced Andrews in February 1958.[14][15] The Original Cast Recording went on to become the best-selling album in the country in 1956.[16] The original costumes were designed by Cecil Beaton and are on display at the Costume World Broadway Collection in Pompano Beach, Florida, along with many of the original patterns.
Original London production[edit]
The West End production, in which Harrison, Andrews, Coote, and Holloway reprised their roles, opened on April 30, 1958, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, where it ran for five and a half years[17] (2,281 performances). Edwardian musical comedy star Zena Dare made her last appearance in the musical as Mrs. Higgins.[18] Leonard Weir played Freddy. On May 5, 1958, Queen Elizabeth II, along with Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, attended a performance. Harrison left the London cast in March 1959, followed by Andrews in August 1959 and Holloway in October 1959.
1970s revivals[edit]
The first revival opened at the St. James Theatre on Broadway on March 25, 1976, and ran there until December 5, 1976; it then transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, running from December 9, 1976, until it closed on February 20, 1977, after a total of 377 performances and 7 previews. The director was Jerry Adler, with choreography by Crandall Diehl, based on the original choreography by Hanya Holm. Ian Richardson starred as Higgins, with Christine Andreas as Eliza, George Rose as Alfred P. Doolittle and Robert Coote recreating his role as Pickering.[13] Both Richardson and Rose were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, with the award going to Rose.
A London revival opened at the Adelphi Theatre in October 1979, with Tony Britton as Higgins, Liz Robertson as Eliza, Dame Anna Neagle as Higgins' mother, Peter Bayliss, Richard Caldicot and Peter Land. The revival was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and directed by the author, Alan Jay Lerner. A national tour was directed by Robin Midgley.[19][20][21] Gillian Lynne choreographed.[22] Britton and Robertson were both nominated for Olivier Awards.[23]
1981 and 1993 Broadway revivals[edit]
Another Broadway revival of the original production opened at the Uris Theatre on August 18, 1981, and closed on November 29, 1981, after 120 performances and 4 previews. Rex Harrison recreated his role as Higgins, with Jack Gwillim, Milo O'Shea, and Cathleen Nesbitt, at 93 years old reprising her role as Mrs. Higgins. The revival co-starred Nancy Ringham as Eliza. The director was Patrick Garland, with choreography by Crandall Diehl, recreating the original Hanya Holm dances.[13][24]
A new revival directed by Howard Davies opened at the Virginia Theatre on December 9, 1993, and closed on May 1, 1994, after 165 performances and 16 previews. The cast starred Richard Chamberlain, Melissa Errico and Paxton Whitehead. Julian Holloway, son of Stanley Holloway, recreated his father's role of Alfred P. Doolittle. Donald Saddler was the choreographer.[13][25]
2001 London revival; 2003 Hollywood Bowl production[edit]
Cameron Mackintosh produced a new production on March 15, 2001, at the Royal National Theatre, which transferred to the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on July 21. Directed by Trevor Nunn, with choreography by Matthew Bourne, the musical starred Martine McCutcheon as Eliza and Jonathan Pryce as Higgins, with Dennis Waterman as Alfred P. Doolittle. This revival won three Olivier Awards: Outstanding Musical Production, Best Actress in a Musical (Martine McCutcheon) and Best Theatre Choreographer (Matthew Bourne), with Anthony Ward receiving a nomination for Set Design.[26] In December 2001, Joanna Riding took over the role of Eliza, and in May 2002, Alex Jennings took over as Higgins, both winning Olivier Awards for Best Actor and Best Actress in a Musical respectively in 2003.[27] In March 2003, Anthony Andrews and Laura Michelle Kelly took over the roles until the show closed on August 30, 2003.[28]
A UK tour of this production began September 28, 2005. The production starred Amy Nuttall and Lisa O'Hare as Eliza, Christopher Cazenove as Henry Higgins, Russ Abbot and Gareth Hale as Alfred Doolittle, and Honor Blackman[29] and Hannah Gordon as Mrs. Higgins. The tour ended August 12, 2006.[30]
In 2003 a production of the musical at the Hollywood Bowl starred John Lithgow as Henry Higgins, Melissa Errico as Eliza Doolittle, Roger Daltrey as Alfred P. Doolittle and Paxton Whitehead as Colonel Pickering.[31]
2018 Broadway revival[edit]
Lincoln Center Theater and Nederlander Presentations Inc. have announced plans to mount a new Broadway revival in 2018. It is to be directed by Bartlett Sher and begin previews March 15, 2018, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater, with an opening night scheduled for April 19, 2018.[32] The cast will star Lauren Ambrose as Eliza, Harry Hadden-Paton as Professor Henry Higgins, Diana Rigg as Mrs. Higgins and Norbert Leo Butz as Alfred P. Doolittle.[33]
Other major productions[edit]
Berlin, 1961[edit]
A German translation of My Fair Lady opened on October 1, 1961, at the Theater des Westens in Berlin, starring Karin Hübner and Paul Hubschmid (and conducted, as was the Broadway opening, by Franz Allers). Coming at the height of Cold War tensions, just weeks after the closing of the East Berlin–West Berlin border and the erection of the Berlin Wall, this was the first staging of a Broadway musical in Berlin since World War II. As such it was seen as a symbol of West Berlin's cultural renaissance and resistance. Lost attendance from East Berlin (now no longer possible) was partly made up by a "musical air bridge" of flights bringing in patrons from West Germany, and the production was embraced by Berliners, running for two years.[34][35]
2007 New York Philharmonic concert and US tour[edit]
In 2007 the New York Philharmonic held a full-costume concert presentation of the musical. The concert had a four-day engagement lasting from March 7–10 at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall. It starred Kelsey Grammer as Higgins, Kelli O'Hara as Eliza, Charles Kimbrough as Pickering, and Brian Dennehy as Alfred Doolittle. Marni Nixon played Mrs. Higgins; Nixon had provided the singing voice of Audrey Hepburn in the film version.[36]
A U.S. tour of Mackintosh's 2001 West End production ran from September 12, 2007, to June 22, 2008.[37] The production starred Christopher Cazenove as Higgins, Lisa O'Hare as Eliza, Walter Charles as Pickering, Tim Jerome as Alfred Doolittle[38] and Nixon as Mrs. Higgins, replacing Sally Ann Howes.[39]
2008 Australian tour[edit]
An Australian tour produced by Opera Australia commenced in May 2008. The production starred Reg Livermore as Higgins, Taryn Fiebig as Eliza, Robert Grubb as Alfred Doolittle and Judi Connelli as Mrs Pearce. John Wood took the role of Alfred Doolittle in Queensland, and Richard E. Grant played the role of Henry Higgins at the Theatre Royal, Sydney.[40]
2010 Paris revival[edit]
A new production was staged by Robert Carsen at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris for a limited 27-performance run, opening December 9, 2010, and closing January 2, 2011. It was presented in English. The costumes were designed by Anthony Powell and the choreography was by Lynne Page. The cast was as follows: Sarah Gabriel / Christine Arand (Eliza Doolittle), Alex Jennings (Henry Higgins), Margaret Tyzack (Mrs. Higgins), Nicholas Le Prevost (Colonel Pickering), Donald Maxwell (Alfred Doolittle), and Jenny Galloway (Mrs. Pearce).[41]
2012 Sheffield production[edit]
A new production of My Fair Lady opened at Sheffield Crucible on December 13, 2012. Dominic West played Henry Higgins, and Carly Bawden played Eliza Doolittle. Sheffield Theatres' Artistic Director Daniel Evans was the director. The production ran until January 26, 2013.[42][43]
2016 Australian production[edit]
The Gordon Frost Organisation, together with Opera Australia, presented a production at the Sydney Opera House from August 30 to November 5, 2016. It was directed by Dame Julie Andrews and featured the set and costume designs of the original 1956 production by Oliver Smith and Cecil Beaton.[44] The production sold more tickets than any other in the history of the Sydney Opera House.[45] The show is then planned to tour to Brisbane from March 12 and Melbourne from May 11. The show's opening run in Sydney was so successful that in November 2016, ticket pre-sales were released for a re-run in Sydney, with the extra shows scheduled between August 24 and September 10, 2017, at the Capitol Theatre.
The cast featured Alex Jennings as Henry Higgins (later Charles Edwards), Anna O'Byrne as Eliza Doolittle (later Elisa Colla), Reg Livermore as Alfred P. Doolittle, Robyn Nevin as Mrs. Higgins (later Pamela Rabe), Mark Vincent as Freddy Eynsford-Hill (later Joel Parnis), Tony Llewellyn-Jones as Colonel Pickering, Deidre Rubenstein as Mrs. Pearce, and David Whitney as Karpathy (later Glen Hogstrom)[46][47][48].
Critical reception[edit]
According to Geoffrey Block, "Opening night critics immediately recognized that 'My Fair Lady' fully measured up to the Rodgers and Hammerstein model of an integrated musical...Robert Coleman...wrote 'The Lerner-Loewe songs are not only delightful, they advance the action as well. They are ever so much more than interpolations, or interruptions.'"[49] The musical opened to "unanimously glowing reviews, one of which said 'Don't bother reading this review now. You'd better sit right down and send for those tickets...' Critics praised the thoughtful use of Shaw's original play, the brilliance of the lyrics, and Loewe's well-integrated score."[50]
A sampling of praise from critics, excerpted from a book form of the musical, published in 1956.[51]
"My Fair Lady is wise, witty, and winning. In short, a miraculous musical." Walter Kerr, New York Herald Tribune.
"A felicitous blend of intellect, wit, rhythm and high spirits. A masterpiece of musical comedy ... a terrific show." Robert Coleman, New York Daily Mirror.
"Fine, handsome, melodious, witty and beautifully acted ... an exceptional show." George Jean Nathan, New York Journal American.
"Everything about My Fair Lady is distinctive and distinguished." John Chapman, New York Daily News.
"Wonderfully entertaining and extraordinarily welcomed ... meritorious in every department." Wolcott Gibbs, The New Yorker.
"One of the 'loverliest' shows imaginable ... a work of theatre magic." John Beaufort, The Christian Science Monitor.
"An irresistible hit." Variety.
"One of the best musicals of the century." Brooks Atkinson, The New York Times.
The reception from Shavians was more mixed, however. Eric Bentley, for instance, called it "a terrible treatment of Mr. Shaw's play, [undermining] the basic idea [of the play]", even though he acknowledged it as "a delightful show".[52]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Original Broadway production[edit]
Sources: BroadwayWorld[53] TheatreWorldAwards[54]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1956 Theatre World Award Outstanding New York City Stage Debut Performance John Michael King Won
1957 Tony Award Best Musical Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Rex Harrison Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical Julie Andrews Nominated
Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical Robert Coote Nominated
Stanley Holloway Nominated
Best Direction of a Musical Moss Hart Won
Best Choreography Hanya Holm Nominated
Best Scenic Design Oliver Smith Won
Best Costume Design Cecil Beaton Won
Best Conductor and Musical Director Franz Allers Won
1976 Broadway revival[edit]
Sources: BroadwayWorld[55] Drama Desk[56]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1976 Tony Award Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Ian Richardson Nominated
George Rose Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Musical Ian Richardson Won
Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical George Rose Won
Outstanding Director of a Musical Jerry Adler Nominated
1979 London revival[edit]
Source: Olivier Awards[57]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1979 Laurence Olivier Award Best Actor in a Musical Tony Britton Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Liz Robertson Nominated
1981 Broadway revival[edit]
Source: BroadwayWorld[58]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1982 Tony Award Best Revival Nominated
1993 Broadway revival[edit]
Source: Drama Desk[59]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1993 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actress in a Musical Melissa Errico Nominated
Outstanding Costume Design Patricia Zipprodt Nominated
2001 London revival[edit]
Source: Olivier Awards[60]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2002 Laurence Olivier Award Outstanding Musical Production Won
Best Actor in a Musical Jonathan Pryce Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Martine McCutcheon Won
Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical Nicholas Le Prevost Nominated
Best Theatre Choreographer Matthew Bourne Won
Best Set Design Anthony Ward Nominated
Best Costume Design Nominated
Best Lighting Design David Hersey Nominated
2003 Best Actor in a Musical Alex Jennings Won
Best Actress in a Musical Joanna Riding Won
Adaptations[edit]
1964 film[edit]
Main article: My Fair Lady (film)
An Oscar-winning film version was made in 1964, directed by George Cukor and with Harrison again in the part of Higgins. The casting of Audrey Hepburn instead of Julie Andrews as Eliza was controversial, partly because theatregoers regarded Andrews as perfect for the part and partly because Hepburn's singing voice was dubbed (by Marni Nixon). Jack L. Warner, the head of Warner Bros., which produced the film, wanted "a star with a great deal of name recognition", but since Julie Andrews did not have any film experience, he thought a movie with her would not be as successful.[61] (Andrews went on to star in Mary Poppins that same year for which she won both the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Actress.) Lerner in particular disliked the film version of the musical, thinking it did not live up to the standards of Moss Hart's original direction. He was also unhappy with the casting of Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle and that the film was shot in its entirety at the Warner Bros. studio rather than, as he would have preferred, in London.[62] Despite the controversy, My Fair Lady was considered a major critical and box office success, ultimately going on to win eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture of the Year, Best Actor for Rex Harrison, and Best Director for George Cukor.
Unrealized film in 2000s[edit]
A new film adaptation was announced by Columbia Pictures in 2008,[63] but as of May 5, 2014, the project had been shelved.[64] The intention was to shoot on location in Covent Garden, Drury Lane, Tottenham Court Road, Wimpole Street and the Ascot Racecourse.[65] In December 2009, it was announced that John Madden had been signed to direct it and in 2011 it was reported that Colin Firth and Carey Mulligan were possible choices for the leading roles. Emma Thompson wrote a new screenplay adaptation for the project.[66]
See also[edit]
My First Lady in Persian
Pygmalion effect
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ See, e.g., Steyn, Mark. Broadway Babies Say Goodnight: Musicals Then and Now, Routledge (1999), p. 119 ISBN 0-415-92286-0 and this 1993 NY Times review
^ Jump up to: a b "'My Fair Lady' Synopsis, Cast, Scenes and Settings and Musical Numbers" guidetomusicaltheatre.com, accessed December 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lerner, p. 36.
Jump up ^ Lerner, p. 38.
Jump up ^ Lerner, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Lerner, pp. 43–44.
Jump up ^ Lerner, p. 47.
Jump up ^ Morley, Sheridan. A Talent to Amuse: A Biography of Noël Coward, p. 369, Doubleday & Company, 1969.
Jump up ^ "Extravagant Crowd: Mary Martin", Beinecke Library, Yale University, accessed December 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dominic McHugh: Loverly - The Life And Times Of My Fair Lady, ch. 5
Jump up ^ Lerner, p. 104.
Jump up ^ Schreiber, Brad. Stop the show!: a history of insane incidents and absurd accidents in the theater (2006), Thunder's Mouth Press, ISBN 1-56025-820-9, pp. 137–138.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Suskin, Steven. "'My Fair Lady', 1956, 1976, and 1981"Show tunes: the songs, shows, and careers of Broadway's major composers (2010, 4ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-531407-7, p. 224.
Jump up ^ Vallance, Thomas. "Obituary: Edward Mulhare" The Independent (UK), May 27, 1997.
Jump up ^ "A Fiery 'Fair Lady' Takes Over"Life Magazine, March 3, 1958, p. Front Cover, 51–54.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Albums, 'My Fair Lady'", Allmusic.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "My Fair Lady Facts", Myfairladythemusical.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Zena Dare", The-camerino-players.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "International News", The Associated Press, October 26, 1979 ("Twenty-one years after Eliza Doolittle first straightened out her A's to the delight of Professor Higgins, "My Fair Lady" reopened in London Thursday night to rave notices.")
Jump up ^ Borders, William. "A New Fair Lady Delights London Theatergoers", The New York Times, November 26, 1979, p. C15.
Jump up ^ "'My Fair Lady', 1979", Phyllis.demon.co.uk, accessed December 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "0 Questions With...Liz Robertson", Whatsonstage.com, April 22, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Winners 1979" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine., Olivierawards.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gussow, Mel. "The Stage: 'My Fair Lady' Returns"The New York Times, August 19, 1981.
Jump up ^ Simon, John. "This Lady Is For Burning"New York Magazine, January 3, 1994.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Winners 2002" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Winners 2003" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "'My Fair Lady', 2001–2003" Archived 2010-09-17 at the Wayback Machine., Albemarle-london.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Langley, Sid. "Finding The Fair Lady Twice OVER", Birmingham Post, September 16, 2005, p. 13.
Jump up ^ Bicknell, Gareth. "Gareth Hale is in My Fair Lady at Wales Millennium Centre from Tuesday, July 25 to Saturday, August 12". "Change of pace for versatile actor Hale", Daily Post (Liverpool), July 21, 2006. p. 24.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (14 May 2003). "Errico, Lithgow, Daltrey to Star in Hollywood Bowl My Fair Lady Concert". Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "First New Production of 'My Fair Lady' in 25 Years to 'Dance All Night' on Broadway Next Spring" Broadway World, March 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ McPhee, Ryan. "Broadway's New 'My Fair Lady' Finds Its Stars in Lauren Ambrose and Harry Hadden-Paton" Playbill, October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Peter E. Müller (July 31, 2006). "Karin Hübner (1936-2006)". Die Welt (The World). Retrieved February 11, 2017. (in German)
Jump up ^ Birgit Walter (October 22, 2011). "Theater des Westens Ein Million für diese Lady" [Theater of the West – A Million For This Lady]. Berliner Zeitung. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help) (in German)
Jump up ^ Lawson, Kyle. "Marni Nixon in My Fair Lady" The Arizona Republic, June 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ US Tour information MyFairLadyTheMusical.com
Jump up ^ Tim Jerome bio Archived 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "Marni Nixon to Join My Fair Lady Tour in Chicago" playbill.com, August 28, 2007.
Jump up ^ "My Fair Lady". AusStage. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ My Fair Lady listing (in French), Chatelet-theatre.com, retrieved December 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ My Fair Lady sheffieldtheatres.co.uk
Jump up ^ "Crucible's 'My Fair Lady', Starring Dominic West and Carly Bawden, Aiming for West End, May 2013?" broadwayworld.com, January 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Spring, Alexandra. "Julie Andrews to direct Sydney Opera House production of 'My Fair Lady'" The Guardian, August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/my-fair-lady-screenplay-by-julie-andrews-sold-more-tickets-than-any-other-production-in-history/news-story/307c4835f2c5961eaab0b66cc65b4032
Jump up ^ https://opera.org.au/whatson/events/my-fair-lady-sydney
Jump up ^ https://opera.org.au/whatson/events/my-fair-lady-melbourne
Jump up ^ https://opera.org.au/whatson/events/my-fair-lady-sydney-2016
Jump up ^ Block, Geoffrey. Enchanted Evenings: The Broadway Musical from Show Boat to Sondheim, Oxford University Press US, 2004, ISBN 0-19-516730-9, p. 228.
Jump up ^ Everett, William A., Laird, Paul R. The Cambridge Companion to the Musical, Cambridge University Press, 2008 (Ed.2), ISBN 0-521-86238-8, p. 176.
Jump up ^ My Fair Lady: A Musical Play in Two Acts. Based on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. Adaptation and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, Music by Frederick Loewe. New York: Doward-McCann, Inc., 1956.
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube
Jump up ^ "Tony Awards, 1957", Broadwayworld.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Previous Theatre World Award Recipients, 1955–56", Theatreworldawards.org, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tony Awards, 1976", Broadwayworld.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "1975–1976 22nd Drama Desk Awards", Dramadesk.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Winners 1979" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tony Awards, 1982", Broadwayworld.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "1993–1994 40th Drama Desk Awards", Dramadesk.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Winners 2002" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Roman, James W. "My Fair Lady" Bigger Than Blockbusters: Movies That Defined America, ABC-CLIO, 2009, ISBN 0-313-33995-3, pp. 125–126.
Jump up ^ Lerner, The Street Where I Live pp 134–6.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (2008-06-02). "Columbia Pictures and CBS Films to Develop New My Fair Lady Film". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2008-06-07. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
Jump up ^ Variety, June 5, 2008
Jump up ^ Lyttelton, Oliver. "Colin Firth Again Being Pursued For 'My Fair Lady' Remake; Carey Mulligan Still Attached", Indiewire.com, February 18, 2011, accessed December 9, 2011.
References[edit]
Citron, David (1995). The Wordsmiths: Oscar Hammerstein 2nd and Alan Jay Lerner, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508386-5
Garebian, Keith (1998). The Making of My Fair Lady, Mosaic Press. ISBN 0-88962-653-7
Green, Benny, Editor (1987). A Hymn to Him : The Lyrics of Alan Jay Lerner, Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-87910-109-1
Jablonski, Edward (1996). Alan Jay Lerner: A Biography, Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0-8050-4076-5
Lees, Gene (2005). The Musical Worlds of Lerner and Loewe, Bison Books. ISBN 0-8032-8040-8
Lerner, Alan Jay (1985). The Street Where I Live, Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80602-9
McHugh, Dominic. Loverly: The Life and Times of "My Fair Lady" (Oxford University Press; 2012) 265 pages; uses unpublished documents to study the five-year process of the original production.
Shapiro, Doris (1989). We Danced All Night: My Life Behind the Scenes With Alan Jay Lerner, Barricade Books. ISBN 0-942637-98-4
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to My Fair Lady (Broadway).
My Fair Lady at the Internet Broadway Database
Opera Australia's My Fair Lady
Ovrtur Page
[show]
v
t
e
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival
Show Boat (1991)
The Boys from Syracuse (1992)
Carousel (1993)
Sweeney Todd (1994)
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Oklahoma! (1999)
Candide (2000)
Singin' in the Rain (2001)
My Fair Lady (2002)
Anything Goes (2003)
Pacific Overtures (2004)
Grand Hotel (2005)
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Sunday in the Park with George (2007)
The Magic Flute (2008)
La Cage aux Folles (2009)
Hello, Dolly! (2010)
Into the Woods (2011)
Crazy for You (2012)
Sweeney Todd (2013)
Merrily We Roll Along (2014)
City of Angels (2015)
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Jesus Christ Superstar (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Tony Award for Best Musical (1949–1975)
Kiss Me, Kate (1949)
South Pacific (1950)
Guys and Dolls (1951)
The King and I (1952)
Wonderful Town (1953)
Kismet (1954)
The Pajama Game (1955)
Damn Yankees (1956)
My Fair Lady (1957)
The Music Man (1958)
Redhead (1959)
The Sound of Music / Fiorello! (1960)
Bye Bye Birdie (1961)
How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962)
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1963)
Hello, Dolly! (1964)
Fiddler on the Roof (1965)
Man of La Mancha (1966)
Cabaret (1967)
Hallelujah, Baby! (1968)
1776 (1969)
Applause (1970)
Company (1971)
Two Gentlemen of Verona (1972)
A Little Night Music (1973)
Raisin (1974)
The Wiz (1975)
Complete list
(1949–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–2025)
[show]
v
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e
Musicals by Lerner and Loewe
Theatre
Life of the Party
What's Up?
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Paint Your Wagon
Film
Brigadoon
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[show]
v
t
e
Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw
Characters
Eliza Doolittle
Films
Everybody's Woman (1924)
Pygmalion (1935)
Hoi Polloi (1935)
Pygmalion (1937)
Pygmalion (1938)
Half-Wits Holiday (1947)
Pies and Guys (1958)
My Fair Lady (1964)
The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976)
Man Pasand (1980)
Musical
My Fair Lady (1956)
Television
Pygmalion (1948)
Galatea (1977)
Pygmalion (1983)
Totalmente Demais (2015)
See also
Pygmalion (mythology)
Amarilly of Clothes-Line Alley
American Princess
Ask Any Girl
The First Night of Pygmalion
Educating Rita
Fine Manners
Kitty
Mighty Aphrodite
Never on Sunday
Ogo Bodhu Shundori
Selfie
She's All That
"Someone to Watch Over Me"
Vapor
Pygmalion effect
ELIZA
[show]
v
t
e
My Fair Lady by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner (Lerner and Loewe)
Characters
Eliza Doolittle
Source
Pygmalion (1912 play) by George Bernard Shaw
Pygmalion (1938 film) by George Bernard Shaw adapted by W. P. Lipscomb and Cecil Lewis
Films
My Fair Lady (1964 film)
The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976)
Galatea[ru] (1977)
Man Pasand (1980)
Albums
My Fair Lady (1956 Broadway cast recording)
My Fair Lady (1956 Shelly Manne album)
My Fair Lady (1958 Oscar Peterson Trio album)
Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady (1963 album)
My Fair Lady Loves Jazz (1964 Billy Taylor album)
The Great Songs from "My Fair Lady" and Other Broadway Hits (1964 Andy Williams album)
Musical numbers
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly? "
"With a Little Bit of Luck"
"The Rain in Spain"
"I Could Have Danced All Night"
"On the Street Where You Live"
"Get Me to the Church on Time"
"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face"
Television
"My Fair Laddy"
"One If by Clam, Two If by Sea"
Selfie
Related
The Street Where I Live
Authority control
GND: 300096089
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Fair_Lady&oldid=825998902"
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1956 musicals
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This page was last edited on 16 February 2018, at 16:49.
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