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Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?
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Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?
Genre
Drama
Romantic Comedy
Written by
Aakash Pandey
Ved Raj
Sudhir Kumar
Gautam Hegde
Janaki VV
Barry Dhillon
Hitesh Kewalya
Ritesh Shah
Jainesh Ejardar
Shilpa D'Mello
Shweta Bhardwaj
Directed by
Nissar Parvez
Maan Singh
Arshad Khan
Lalit Mohan
Creative director(s)
Madhura Rapsang
Megha S. Kumar
Shivangi V Chauhan Babbar
Richa Singh Gautam
Starring
Barun Sobti
Sanaya Irani
Theme music composer
Raju Singh
Opening theme
"Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?" By Sadhana Sargam and Javed Ali
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
398
Production
Producer(s)
Gul Khan
Nissar Parvez
Rajesh Chadha
Cinematography
Hrishikesh Gandhi
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
20 minutes
Production company(s)
4 Lions Films
Release
Original network
Star Plus
Picture format
720i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
Television Series
6 June 2011 (2011-06-06) – 30 November 2012 (2012-11-30)
Web Series
24 November 2015 (2015-11-24) – 15 December 2015 (2015-12-15)
External links
Website
Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? (English: What Name Shall I Give This Love? ) is an Indian daily soap opera that aired weekdays on Star Plus from 6 June 2011 to 30 November 2012. It is the second installment in the 4 Lions Films series. The show starred Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani. The show was first titled as Vaidehi but later changed its title. It replaced Rajan Shahi's Chand Chupa Badal Mein.[1] 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? was one of the top popular shows with high TRP ratings throughout its run in 2011-2012 and till date the series is available in multiple languages. The series is translated into Panamericana as "Duele Amar" and it began airing from 19 March 2018 onwards. Currently Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon is rerunning on Star Utsav as Rabba Ve and Telugu version on Star Maa. IPKKND will be rerunning in Thai language as แผนรักลวงใจ from 27 June 2018 onwards on Thai channel 8 and broadcast on Hnow tv, a Pakistani channel from 3rd July 2018.[2].
The series inspired several multilingual reruns including, but not limited to, adaptations in English and Urdu as Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, Tamil as Idhu Kadhala, Telugu as Chuppulu Kalisina Shubhavela, remakes in Bengali as Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series), and Kannada as Arangini, Kazakh as Kak Nazvat Bul Lyubov?, Arabic as Men Nazra Thanya, Vietnamese as Mối Tình Kì Lạ, French as La Promesse, Malayalam as Mounam Sammatham, Turkish as Bir Garip Ask, Bahasa as Khushi", Spanish as Duele Amar, Bulgarian as Diema Family, Georgian as Mojadoebulebi Lithuanian as Neklausk Meiles Vardo, Russian as How Do I Call This Love, and Armenian as Inchpes Kochel Ays Sere and aired in Jamaica as Unforeseen Love and Namibia as Strange Love.
A sequel series titled Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?...Ek Baar Phir (English: "What Shall This Love Be Named?: Once Again") premiered on 26 August 2013 and starred Avinash Sachdev and Shrenu Parikh.[3][4][5][6][7]
On 24 November 2015, Hotstar launched a finite titled Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon - Ek Jashn web series of eight extended episodes to extend the Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? story line. Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani reprised their respective roles as Arnav and Khushi which was again a hit and broke the records of hotstar.[8][9] Ek Jashn gives a proper closure on Arnav and Khushi's married life after 3 years as the show was ended abruptly with Barun's exit in 2012.
A third season of the show Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3, starred Barun Sobti and Shivani Tomar,[10][11] aired from 3 July 2017 to 6 October 2017, completing 70 episodes on Star Plus.
Contents
1 Plot
1.1 Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon - Ek Jashn
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Guest appearances
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Broadcast
4.2 Remakes and further distribution
5 Reception
5.1 Controversy after Sobti's exit
5.2 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
The story follows the lives of Khushi Kumari Gupta, middle-class girl from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and Arnav Singh Raizada, a wealthy business tycoon rendered cold and ruthless after losing his mother and father to suicide. They first meet at a botched fashion show of the latter's, where he mistakenly thinks Khushi as having been sent to sabotage his event. Inclined to ruin her reputation, he creates rumors of a false affair brewing between them, putting the Guptas (Khushi's adoptive family) in a situation where they are left with no choice but to move away to Delhi to live with the girl's aunt, Bua ji.
After a series of misunderstandings, Khushi finds herself hired by Arnav's sister Anjali as an ethics instructor for his then live-in girlfriend, Lavanya Kashyap. In the process, and much to his chagrin, Khushi bravely challenges Arnav's stubborn ideologies on god, love, death and marriage.
With much of her time being spent in proximity with the Raizada family, hatred soon begins to turn into attraction between the two. Trying to ignore their feelings for one another, Arnav announces his engagement to Lavanya and Khushi's family gets her engaged to a paying guest living with them. It turns out that the paying guest is actually Shyam Jha, Arnav's brother-in-law, who is already married and has been lying to Khushi and her family.
Khushi is asked to organize Lavanya & Arnav's engagement party. A series of events lead Lavanya to realise that Arnav is in love with Khushi & she breaks off her engagement. Khushi's sister, Payal, gets engaged to Arnav's brother, Akash. The Guptas soon learn that Shyam is the son-in-law of the Raizada family & kick him out of their house. They keep this from the Raizadas as they don't want Payal's wedding to stop. Shyam's true intentions are revealed as he repeatedly tries to kill his wife Anjali so he can be with Khushi. Khushi makes friends with NK (short for Nanda Kishore), Arnav's cousin brother from Australia. Khushi and Arnav keep challenging each other during the rituals of the marriage. The both of them slowly start realising their feelings for each other. Nani, and Arnav's sister, Anjali, see that something is going on in between them and try to play matchmaker for Khushi & Arnav.
When finally Arnav realizes his feelings, a misconception leads Arnav to believe that Shyam & Khushi have been having an affair and Khushi is the one trapping Shyam. At Akash & Payal's wedding, Arnav blackmails Khushi to marry him for six months to make Shyam think that she moved on and keep him from divorcing his sister. At the end of the wedding celebration, both their families find out that they got married without their consent & Khushi's family disowns her.
Khushi has a terrible start to her married life: everyone is angry with her & Arnav tells her to sleep outside the room. She is later forgiven at the Holi festival by the family and Arnav all but confesses his feelings under influence of bhang to an unconscious Khushi. He has also started feeling that she wasn't really involved with Shyam and there's more he doesn't know. Shyam is furious and arranges Arnav's abduction but Khushi rescues him. After coming home they reveal Shyam's true face but Anjali refuses to believe them. Shyam is thrown out of the house but Anjali continues meeting him secretly.
Arnav's paternal grandmother enters the scene. She is instantly disapproving of Khushi. Arnav is totally in love with Khushi and wants to take their relationship to the next level. The family discovers that no rituals were performed when Arnav and Khushi eloped and they refuse to recognise them as married. Khushi returns to her parents' home and their wedding preparations begin. It is revealed that Arnav's father committed suicide because his affair with Khushi's adoptive mother was discovered by his wife. Arnav's grandmother tries to convince him to break off his relationship with Khushi but Arnav anyway marries her forgetting his past and moving on. Arnav and Khushi start making plans to make Anjali realise that Shyam was the one who initiated her miscarriage. They find proof on his computer and enact a play to bring out the reality. After know the truth, Anjali slaps Shyam and the police arrest him and take him away.
Then a boy named Aarav enters the Raizadas' home followed by Arnav's old friend Sheetal. Khushi observes similarities between him and Arnav, and Sheetal tells her he is Arnav's son. After a series of events, Arnav and Khushi find that Aarav was an orphan being used by Sheetal to get Arnav and his property. The couple happily adopt Aarav as their son.
After a few days leap, Khushi expresses her wish to be independently successful and decides to participate in the Mrs. India beauty pageant. She ends up winning the competition despite several odds and the family is shown happily together.
Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon - Ek Jashn[edit]
This is a web series that was created by Hotstar, and is a sequel to the original story. It is set 3 years after the events of IPKKND, and shows how every character from the original show is in the future. The show ends with an anniversary party hosted by Arnav to show his love for Khushi.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Barun Sobti as Arnav Singh Raizada, Khushi's husband, Anjali's brother (2011–12 and 2015)[12]
Sanaya Irani as Khushi Kumari Gupta / Khushi Arnav Singh Raizada, Arnav's wife, Payal's younger sister (2011–12 and 2015)[13]
Vishesh Bansal as Aarav Arnav Singh Raizada, Arnav & Khushi's adopted son (2012)
Dalljiet Kaur as Anjali Singh Raizada / Anjali Shyam Jha, Arnav's sister, Shyam's ex-wife (2011–12 and 2015)[14]
Abhaas Mehta as Shyam Jha, Anjali's ex-husband (2011–12)[15]
Akshay Dogra as Akash Singh Raizada, Manorama & Manohar's son, Arnav & Anjali's cousin, Payal's husband (2011–12 and 2015)[16]
Deepali Pansare as Payal Kumari Gupta / Payal Akash Singh Raizada, Khushi's elder sister, Akash's wife (2011–12)[17]
Recurring[edit]
Jayshree T. as Devyani Singh Raizada, Arnav & Anjali's Nani, Akash's Dadi, Manohar's Mother (2011–12)
Sanjay Batra as Shashi Gupta, Khushi & Payal's father, Garima's husband (2011–12)
Tuhinaa Vohra/Pyumori Mehta as Garima Shashi Gupta, Khushi & Payal's mother, Shashi's wife (2011–12)
Abha Parmar as Madhumati Gupta, Khushi & Payal's Bua, Shashi's sister (2011–12)
Utkarsha Naik as Manorama Manohar Singh Raizada, Akash's mother, Arnav & Anjali's Mami, Manohar's wife (2011–12 and 2015)[18]
Rajesh Jais as Manohar Singh Raizada, Akash's father, Arnav & Anjali's Mama, Manorama's husband (2011–12)
Karan Goddwani as Nand Kishore (NK), Arnav, Anjali & Akash's cousin (2011–12)[19]
Madhura Naik as Sheetal Kapoor, Arnav's ex-girlfriend and Aarav's fake mother (2012)[20]
Sana Makbul as Lavanya Kashyap, Arnav's ex-girlfriend (2011)
Roshni Rastogi as Khushi's friend (2011)
Swati Chitnis as Subhadra Devi Singh Raizada, Arnav & Anjali's Dadi (2012)[21]
Dhriti Bhatia as Bubbly (2012)
Dinesh Nag as Hari Prasad (H.P) (2012)
Guest appearances[edit]
Hanif Hilal as Guest (Dance performance to "Character Dheela" for Anjali-Shyam's anniversary) (2011)
Nicole Alvares as Guest (Dance performance to "Character Dheela" for Anjali-Shyam's anniversary) (2011)
Production[edit]
The show has been produced and directed by Gul Khan under the banner of 4 Lions Films. Barun Sobti was cast as Arnav Singh Raizada after the original choice, Karan Singh Grover, opted out of the role to focus on his film career; and Sanaya Irani replaced Shraddha Arya who had originally been cast as the female lead.[22][23] Daljeet Kaur Bhanot, Deepali Pansare & Akshay Dogra got finalised to play supporting roles to the main leads. Other supporting cast include Jayshree T., Tuhina Vohra, Abha Parmar, Utkarsha Naik, Sanjay Batra and many other actors. Abhaas Mehta and Sana Makbul entered the show as antagonists of the show. Sana later quit the show in December 2011.[24]
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The series premiered on 6 June 2011 on Star Plus airing a 20-minute episode Mondays to Fridays. After completing approximately 398 episodes, the series went off air on 30 November 2012. The series was part of the channels worldwide broadcast and aired in more than 50 countries under the transmission of Star India.It has been dubbed and adapted into multiple languages.
Remakes and further distribution[edit]
The series inspired several international remakes, which include Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series in Bengali and as Arangini in Kannada on Suvarna channel. The series were rerunned including, but not limited to in English and Urdu as Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon in Pakistan on Urdu 1 and another free to air channel, Tamil as Idhu Kadhala on Star Vijay, Telugu as Chuppulu Kalisina Shubhavela on Star Maa, Malayalam as Mounam Sammatham on Asianet, Kazakh as Kak Nazvat Bul Lyubov?, Arabic as '"Men Nazra Thanya,[25],Vietnamese as Mối Tình Kì Lạon HTV3,[26], French as La Promesse on Reunion 1ere. [27]. Turkish as Bir Garip Ask,[28],Indonesian as Khushi on Indosiar, Bulgarian as Diema Family, Georgian as Mojadoebulebi, Lithuanian as Neklausk Meiles Vardo, Russian as How Do I Call This Love, and Armenian as Inchpes Kochel Ays Sere, aired in Jamaica as Unforeseen Love on one of the two free-to-air channels in the country which is CVM Television and airs in Namibia into NBC3 as Strange Love.[29].[30]. On 19 March 2018, the series dubbed in Spanish as Duele Amar and telecasted on Panamericana Televisión. IPKKND will be rerunning in Thai as Phaen Rak Lwng Ci on Thai channel 8 from 27 June 2018.
In 2013, there was a spin-off Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?...Ek Baar Phir (English: What Do I Call This Love?... Once Again) with a brand new plot, starring Avinash Sachdev (Shlok Agnihotri) and Shrenu Parikh (Aastha Shlok Agnihotri).[31]
In 2015, Hotstar launched Season 12 as a finite web series of eight episodes titled Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? - Ek Jashn with the original cast and the characters. The story revolves around Arnav and Khushi's married life after three years.[32]
Reception[edit]
Fans of the series started referring to characters Arnav and Khushi by the portmanteau "ArShi".[33] The character of Arnav Singh Raizada was very popular and gave a huge fan following to Barun Sobti such that when Sobti announced his break from the show due to health problems, his fans made it sure that the show was shut down on a happy note rather than any replacement.[34] The onscreen chemistry between Sobti and Sanaya Irani resulted in several awards for best on-screen couple.[35] The show also had very high TRPS.[36]
Controversy after Sobti's exit[edit]
In September 2012, show's lead actor Barun Sobti had made news after he decided to quit the show.[37] Due to this, fans of the show had said that they will not watch the show after his exit. This lead on to the channel and makers to decide to shut down the show. It aired its last on 30 November 2012.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
2012 Star Parivaar Awards Favorite Naya Sadasya(Male) Barun Sobti Won[38]
Favourite Jodi Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani
Favourite International Jod Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani
Favourite Mazedar Sadasya Utkarsha Naik
Favourite Dushman Abhaas Mehta
Most Stylish Sadasya (Male) Barun Sobti
Favourite Naya Sadasya (Female) Sanaya Irani Nominated[39]
Favourite Behen Daljeet Kaur Bhanot
Favourite Pita Sanjay Batra
Favourite Beti Sanaya Irani
Zee Gold Awards Face of The Year Sanaya Irani Won
Best Actress – Popular Sanaya Irani Nominated
The Global Indian Film and TV Honours Best Actor (Popular) Barun Sobti Won[40]
Best Jodi Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani Nominated[40]
Indian Television Academy Awards Best Actor Popular Barun Sobti Won[41]
Best Actress Popular Sanaya Irani Nominated[42]
Indian Telly Awards Best Actor In Negative Role Abhaas Mehta Nominated[43]
TV Personality Of The Year Barun Sobti
Best On-Screen Couple Barun Sobti & Sanaya Irani Won[43]
People's Choice Awards India Favorite TV Drama Actor Barun Sobti Won[44]
Favorite Most Good Looking On-Screen Jodi Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani
2013 Indian Telly Awards Best Actress in a Leading Role Sanaya Irani Nominated
Best Actor in a Negative Role Abhaas Mehta
Best Actress in a Comic Role Utkarsha Naik
Best Actress in a Comic Role (jury) Utkarsha Naik
2016 Garv Television Awards GARV Scroll Honours 4 Lions Films Won[45]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Star Plus to axe 'Chand Chupa Badal Mein'". 2 April 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Channel 8 is set to deliver the new Indian series. "Iss Pyar Ko Kya Naam Doon"". RYT9. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Reenu Dabas (13 August 2013). "Second season of Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon". Daily Bhaskar. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Had no idea it was a sequel: Avinash on `Iss Pyaar Ko... 2`". Zee News. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Just another love Story". The Indian Express. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Neha Maheshwri (12 August 2012). "Avinash & Shrenu in season 2". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Iss Pyaar...Ek Bar Phir' a love-hate story: Shrenu Parikh". Indian Express. IANS. 26 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Popular TV actors making a comeback". The Times of India. BCCL. 15 June 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vipra Shrivastava (3 February 2016). "Sanaya Irani and Barun Sobti back in IPKKND". India Today. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barun Sobti back on TV with Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, says not interested in daily soaps only finite series". The Times of India. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Anvita Singh (6 June 2017). "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3's Shivani Tomar opens up about her character Chandni; says damsels in distress good for ratings". India Today. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barun Sobti 'delighted' over his TV show being aired in Turkey". The Indian Express. Mumbai. IANS. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Swasti Chatterjee (28 July 2012). "I respect other people's time: Sanaya Irani". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Neha Maheshwri (10 February 2015). "Daljeet Bhanot back to work after separating from husband". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Ano Patel (16 February 2012). "Hate mails no longer bother me: Abhaas Mehta". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Parmita Uniyal (3 March 2016). "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? actor Akshay Dogra becomes father to a baby boy". India Today. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Tejashree Bhopatkar (7 September 2012). "Deepali Pansare quits Iss Pyaar Ko". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Chaya Unnikrishnan (24 September 2013). "Utkarsha Naik is back with 'Bani'". DNA. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Shruti Jambhekar (12 July 2012). "It was frustrating to play a character role: Karan Goddwani". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vijaya Tiwari (16 October 2012). "I am happy to work with Barun again: Madhura Naik". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "My role in 'Iss Pyaar Ko.. is a challenging one to play: Swati Chitnis". The Times of India. TNN. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Somashukla Sinha Walunjkar (15 April 2012). "Replacement stars rewrite TRPs". Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Karan Singh Grover-Shraddha Arya were approached for Arnav Khushi". Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon's Lavanya 'Sana Makbul' quits". The Times of India. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Ujala Ali Khan (24 August 2015). "Hit Indian soap opera Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon gets Arabic translation". The National. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cô dâu 8 tuổi và phim ngoại ồ ạt lên truyền hình Việt". Tuổi Trẻ Online (in Vietnamese). 7 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "La Promesse - réunion 1ère" [The Promise - 1st meeting] (in French). Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star India gives Turkey its first ever Indian Drama Series". The Times of India. TNN. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "NBC3 – Schedule" (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indian Television Dot Com – Star Plus' 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon' travels to Namibia". Indian Television Dot Com. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Stuti Agarwal (23 August 2013). "Fans are comparing me with Barun: Avinash Sachdev – Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon' culminates on Hotstar after 8 episodes". Indian Television Dot Com. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Ano Patel (14 December 2012). "A salute to the most enduring small screen jodis". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Navya Malini (23 November 2012). "Small screen's heartthrobs who return on fans' demands". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "On-screen Jodis of TV we would like to see again". The Times of India. 10 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Navya Malini (29 December 2012). "Small screen TRP rockers of 2012". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barun Sobti quits Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, channel decides to end show". 21 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Star Parivaar Awards 2012: And the winners are..." CNN-News18. Mumbai. CNN. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star Parivaar Awards 2012". Hotstar. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "2012 Nominees – Global Honours". The Global Indian Film and Television Honours. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "IndianTelevisionAcademy.com". Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "The ITA Awards 2012 – Popular Top-5". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b ""2012 Winners"". tellyawards.indiantelevision.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "2012 And the winners are..." People's Choice Awards India. Archived from the original on 31 August 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "2016 – Garv Indian Television Honours". weebly.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
External links[edit]
Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Streaming on Hotstar
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Tyre, Lebanon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Tyros" redirects here. Tyros is also the plural of tyro, a word meaning "novice".
Tyre
صور
City
Tyre fishing harbor
Tyre
صور
Coordinates: 33°16′15″N 35°11′46″E / 33.27083°N 35.19611°E / 33.27083; 35.19611Coordinates: 33°16′15″N 35°11′46″E / 33.27083°N 35.19611°E / 33.27083; 35.19611
Country
Lebanon
Governorate
South
District
Tyre
Established
2750 BC
Area
• City
4 km2 (2 sq mi)
• Metro
17 km2 (7 sq mi)
Population
• City
60,000
• Metro
174,000
Time zone
EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)
EEST (UTC+3)
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type
Cultural
Criteria
iii, vi
Designated
1984 (8th session)
Reference no.
299
State Party
Lebanon
Region
Arab States
Tyre (Arabic: صور, Ṣūr; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤅𐤓, Ṣur; Hebrew: צוֹר, Tsor; Tiberian Hebrew צֹר, Ṣōr; Akkadian: 𒀫𒊒, Ṣurru; Greek: Τύρος, Týros; Turkish: Sur; Latin: Tyrus, Armenian Տիր [Dir]), sometimes romanized as Sour, is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. There were approximately 117,000 inhabitants in 2003.[1] However, the government of Lebanon has released only rough estimates of population numbers since 1932, so an accurate statistical accounting is not possible.[2] Tyre juts out from the coast of the Mediterranean and is located about 80 km (50 mi) south of Beirut. The name of the city means "rock"[3] after the rocky formation on which the town was originally built. The adjective for Tyre is Tyrian, and the inhabitants are Tyrians.
Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido (Elissa). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon.[4] and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Foundation
1.2 Early history
1.3 Later history
1.4 After 1920
2 Geography
3 Cultural heritage
3.1 Scriptural
3.2 Other writings
4 Education
5 Demographics
6 Gallery
7 Twin towns – sister cities
8 Notable people
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
The Triumphal Arch (reconstructed)
Remains of ancient columns at Al Mina excavation site – supposed palaestra
Rectangular theatre at Al Mina excavation site
The modern south part of Tyre
Tyre originally consisted of two distinct urban centres, Tyre itself, which was on an island just off shore, and the associated settlement of Ushu on the adjacent mainland. Alexander the Great connected the island to the mainland by constructing a causeway during his siege of the city,[7] demolishing the old city to reuse its cut stone.[8]
The original island city had two harbours, one on the south side and the other on the north side of the island. It was the two harbours that enabled Tyre to gain the maritime prominence that it did; the harbour on the north side of the island was, in fact, one of the best harbours on the eastern end of the Mediterranean. The harbour on the south side has silted over, but the harbour on the north side (see Tyre harbor photo the right) is still in use.[9]
In ancient times, the island-city of Tyre was heavily fortified and the mainland settlement, originally called Ushu (later called Palaetyrus, meaning "Old Tyre," by the ancient Greeks) was actually more like a line of suburbs than any one city and was used primarily as a source of water and timber for the main island city.[10] Josephus records that the two fought against each other on occasion,[11] but most of the time, they supported one another because they both benefited from the island city's wealth from maritime trade and the mainland area's source of timber, water and burial grounds.[citation needed]
Foundation[edit]
Tyre was founded around 2750 BC according to Herodotus and was originally built as a walled city upon the mainland.[12] Tyre's name appears on monuments as early as 1300 BC. Philo of Byblos (in Eusebius) quotes the antiquarian authority Sanchuniathon as stating that it was first occupied by Hypsuranius. Sanchuniathon's work is said to be dedicated to "Abibalus king of Berytus"—possibly the Abibaal who was king of Tyre.[13]
There are ten Amarna letters dated 1350 BC from the mayor, Abimilku, written to Akenaten. The subject is often water, wood and the Habiru overtaking the countryside of the mainland and how that affected the island-city.[citation needed]
Early history[edit]
The commerce of the ancient world was gathered into the warehouses of Tyre.
Tyrian merchants were the first who ventured to navigate the Mediterranean waters; and they founded their colonies on the coasts and neighbouring islands of the Aegean Sea, in Greece, on the northern coast of Africa, at Carthage and other places, in Sicily and Corsica, in Spain at Tartessus and even beyond the pillars of Hercules at Gadeira (Cádiz).[14]
The city of Tyre was particularly known for the production of a rare and extraordinarily expensive sort of purple dye, produced from the murex shellfish, known as Tyrian purple. The colour was, in ancient cultures, reserved for the use of royalty or at least the nobility.[15]
Phoenicians from Tyre settled in houses around Memphis, south of the temple of Hephaestus in a district called the Tyrian Camp.[16]
Tyre was often attacked by Egypt and was besieged by Assyrian king Shalmaneser V, who was assisted by the Phoenicians of the mainland, for five years. From 586 until 573 BC, the city was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon until it agreed to pay a tribute.[17]
The Achaemenid Empire conquered the city in 539 BC and kept it under its rule until Alexander the Great laid siege to the city, conquered and razed it in 332 BC.[18] In 315 BC, Alexander's former general Antigonus began his own siege of Tyre,[19] taking the city a year later.[20]
In 126 BC, Tyre regained its independence from the Seleucid Empire[21] and was allowed to keep much of its independence, as a "civitas foederata",[22] when the area became a Roman province in 64 BC.[23] Tyre continued to maintain much of its commercial importance until the Common Era.
Later history[edit]
It is stated in the Bible that Jesus visited the region of Tyre and Sidon and healed a Gentile (Matthew 15:21; Mark 7:24) and from this region many came forth to hear him preaching (Mark 3:8; Gospel of Luke 6:17, Matthew 11:21–23). A congregation was founded here soon after the death of St. Stephen. Paul the Apostle, on his return from his third missionary journey, spent a week in conversation with the disciples there. According to Irenaeus of Lyon in On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis, the female companion of Simon Magus came from here.
The famous "Arch of Hadrian" and one of the best hippodromes in the region were constructed during the Roman empire.[24]
In the Revolt of Tyre (996–998), the populace of the city rose against Fatimid rule, led by an ordinary sailor named 'Allaqa - but were brutally suppressed in May 998.
After the first failed siege in 1111, Tyre was captured during the First Crusade in 1124 and became one of the most important cities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was part of the royal domain, but there were also autonomous trading colonies there for the Italian merchant cities. The city was the site of the See of Tyre whose archbishop was a suffragan of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem; its archbishops often acceded to the Patriarchate. The most notable of the Latin archbishops was the historian William of Tyre.
After the reconquest of Acre by Richard I of England on July 12, 1191, the seat of the kingdom moved there, but coronations were held in Tyre. In the 13th century, Tyre was separated from the royal domain as the Lordship of Tyre. In 1291, it was retaken by the Mamluk Sultanate, which then was followed by Ottoman rule before the modern state of Lebanon was declared in 1920.
After 1920[edit]
A large sign which marks the ancient city of Tyre as protected cultural property according to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.
The present city of Tyre covers a large part of the original island and has expanded onto and covers most of the causeway, which had increased greatly in width over the centuries because of extensive silt depositions on either side. The part of the original island not covered by the modern city of Tyre is mostly of an archaeological site showcasing remains of the city from ancient times.
After numerous attacks and reprisals involving the PLO, including an assassination attempt on Israeli ambassador Argov, Israel invaded, [called the 1978 South Lebanon conflict], and Tyre was badly damaged. It was damaged again in the 1982 Lebanon War between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The city was used as a base by the PLO and was nearly destroyed by Israeli artillery.[25] After the 1982 war, the city was the site of an Israeli military post. In late 1982, and again in November 1983, buildings housing Israeli headquarters were destroyed by bombs, causing dozens of deaths in both cases and known in Israel as the First and Second Tyre Catastrophes. The 1983 explosion by a suicide truck happened only 10 days after similar attacks, the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings of US Marines and French paratroop barracks. Israel and the US blame Iran and Hezbollah for all explosions, but they have denied any involvement.
During Israel's invasion in the 2006 Lebanon War, several rocket-launching sites used by Hezbollah to attack Israel were located in rural areas around the city.[26] At least one village near the city was bombed by Israel as well as several sites within the city, causing civilian deaths and adding to the food shortage problem inside Tyre.[27] Shayetet 13 (Israeli naval commandos) also raided Hezbollah targets within the city.[28]
Geography[edit]
The Tyre Coast Nature Reserve covers over 380 hectares (940 acres) and divided into three zones: the Tourism zone (public beaches, the old city and Souks, the ancient port), the Agricultural and Archaeological zone, and the Conservation zone that includes the Phoenician springs of Ras El Ain. Due to its diverse flora and fauna, the reserve is a designated Ramsar Site. It is an important nesting site for migratory birds and the endangered Loggerhead and green sea turtle and the shelter of the Arabian spiny mouse and many other important creatures (including wall lizards, common pipistrelle, and european badger).[29][30]
Cultural heritage[edit]
Roman Hippodrome in Tyre
Threats to Tyre's ancient cultural heritage include development pressures and the illegal antiquities trade.[31] A highway, planned for 2011, is expected to be built in areas that are deemed archaeologically sensitive. A small-scale geophysical survey indicated the presence of archaeological remains at proposed construction sites. The sites have not been investigated. Despite the relocation of a proposed traffic interchange, the lack of precise site boundaries confuses the issue of site preservation.[32]
columns with tourists
The hostilities of the 2006 Lebanon War put the ancient structures of Tyre at risk. This prompted UNESCO's Director-General to launch a "Heritage Alert" for the site.[33] Following the cessation of hostilities in September 2006, a visit by conservation experts to Lebanon observed no direct damage to the ancient city of Tyre. However, bombardment had damaged frescoes in a Roman funerary cave at the Tyre Necropolis. Additional site degradation was also noted, including "the lack of maintenance, the decay of exposed structures due to lack of rainwater regulation and the decay of porous and soft stones".[32] Like many of the cities in the Levant and in Lebanon, the architecture since the Lebanese Civil War in the 1970s has been of poor quality, which tend to threaten the cultural heritage in the built environment before the war.[citation needed]
Scriptural[edit]
The Hebrew Bible makes several references to Tyre:
King Hiram I was a contemporary of David and Solomon in 2 Samuel 5:11, 1 Kings 5:1, and 1 Chronicles 14:1.
Tyre is mentioned in the Book of Isaiah (Isaiah 23), the Book of Jeremiah (Jer 25:22, Jer 47:4), the Book of Ezekiel (Ezekiel 26-28), the Book of Joel (Joel 3:4-8), the Book of Amos (Amos 1:9-10), the Psalms, and the Book of Zechariah (Zechariah 9:3-4), which prophesied its destruction.
Jesus visited the region or "coasts" (King James Version) of Tyre and Sidon (Matthew 15:21; Mark 7:24) and from this region many came forth to hear him preaching (Mark 3:8; Luke 6:17), leading to the stark contrast in Matthew 11:21–23 to his reception in Korazin and Bethsaida.
In the Book of Revelation, Revelation 18 alludes extensively to the mercantile description of Tyre in Ezekiel 26-28.
Other writings[edit]
In 19th-century Britain, Tyre was several times taken as an exemplar of the mortality of great power and status, for example by John Ruskin in the opening lines of The Stones of Venice and by Rudyard Kipling's Recessional.
Education[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2016)
Collège Élite, a French international school, is in Tyre.
 Jaafareya High School was the first intermediate and secondary school in south of Lebanon.[citation needed]

Demographics[edit]
The population of Tyre is a predominantly Shia Muslim with a small but noticeable Christian community. However, the city of Tyre is home for more than 60,000 Palestinian refugees who are mainly Sunni Muslim. The Amal Movement and Hezbollah are the most popular parties, representing all of the Shi'a seats in the city as of the 2009 elections.[citation needed] In 2010, it was estimated Christians accounted 10% of Tyre's population.[34]
Gallery[edit]
Main colonnaded street at Al Mina excavation site
Al Mina excavation area – supposed Roman agora
A typical narrow street in the Christian quarter
Tyre harbor
A half-column giving view to the sea
Remains seen at the excavation site
Sarcophagus in Tyre
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]
Tyre is twinned with:
Algiers, Algeria
Dezful, Iran
Málaga, Spain[35]
Perpignan, France
Tunis, Tunisia
Notable people[edit]
Antipater of Tyre (1st Century BC), Stoic philosopher
Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) (c. 50 BC), philosopher
Ulpianus (late 2nd Century BC), Roman jurist
Diodorus of Tyre (late 2nd Century BC), Peripatetic philosopher
Saint Christina of Tyre (3rd century) Martyr[36]
Porphyry, Neoplatonic philosopher and writer
See also[edit]
Kings of Tyre
Tyrian shekel
Tyre in Biblical Prophecy
Dido
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lebanon – city population
Jump up ^ Lebanon Population
Jump up ^ (Bikai, P., "The Land of Tyre", in Joukowsky, M., The Heritage of Tyre, 1992, chapter 2, p. 13)
Jump up ^ Tyre City, Lebanon
Jump up ^ Resolution 459
Jump up ^ Lebanon's Archaeological Heritage Archived March 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Presutta, David. The Biblical Cosmos Versus Modern Cosmology. 2007, page 225, referencing: Katzenstein, H.J., The History of Tyre, 1973, p.9
Jump up ^ Robin Lane fox, Alexander the Great 1973:181f.
Jump up ^ See Jidejian, Nina. Tyre Through the Ages, 1969, for further information about the history of Tyre and its present condition.
Jump up ^ 'Tyre' from Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed.
Jump up ^ Historical references to Tyre
Jump up ^ Bement, R B. Tyre; the history of Phoenicia, Palestine and Syria, and the final captivity of Israel and Judah by the Assyrians. Ulan Press. p. 47. ASIN B009WP2MR8.
Jump up ^ Vance, Donald R. (March 1994) "Literary Sources for the History of Palestine and Syria: The Phœnician Inscriptions" The Biblical Archaeologist 57(1), pp. 2–19
Jump up ^ from 'Tyre' in Easton's Bible Dictionary
Jump up ^ Bariaa Mourad. "Du Patrimoine à la Muséologie : Conception d'un musée sur le site archéologique de Tyr",(Thesis); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Study realised in cooperation with the Unesco, Secteur de la Culture, Division du Patrimoine Culturel, Paris, 1998
Jump up ^ Herodotus. The Histories. Oxford World's Classics. p. 137. ISBN 9780199535668.
Jump up ^ Bement, R B. Tyre; the history of Phoenicia, Palestine and Syria, and the final captivity of Israel and Judah by the Assyrians. Ulan Press. p. 48. ASIN B009WP2MR8.
Jump up ^ "Tyre in the early Persian period (539-486 B.C)". Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ 315 B.C. – events and references
Jump up ^ 314 B.C. – events and references
Jump up ^ 126 B.C. – events and references
Jump up ^ E. G. Hardy, Roman Laws and Charters, New Jersey 2005, p.95
Jump up ^ 64 B.C. – events and references
Jump up ^ Video showing the Roman hippodrome of Tyre
Jump up ^ The toll of three cities, The Economist June 19, 1982. p. 26.
Jump up ^ Butcher, Tim. Rebels were ready for attacks. Sydney Morning Herald 27 July 2006.
Jump up ^ Engel, Richard. Desperation descends on Tyre, Lebanon. MSNBC 25 July 2006.
Jump up ^ Israeli commandos stage Tyre raid BBC 5 August 2006.
Jump up ^ "Protecting marine biodiversity in Lebanon". International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 2 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Hany El Shaer; Ms. Lara Samaha; Ghassan Jaradi (Dec 2012). "Lebanon’s Marine Protected Area Strategy" (PDF). Lebanese Ministry of Environment.
Jump up ^ Helga Seeden (December 2, 2000). "Lebanon's Archaeological Heritage".
^ Jump up to: a b Toubekis, Georgios (2010). "Lebanon: Tyre (Sour)". In Christoph Machat, Michael Petzet and John Ziesemer (Eds.), "Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2008-2010 on Monuments and Sites in Danger" (PDF). . Berlin: hendrik Bäßler verlag, 2010, pg. 118.
Jump up ^ Koïchiro Matsuura; The Director-General of UNESCO (August 11, 2006). "UNESCO Director-General Launches "Heritage Alert" for the Middle East". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Jump up ^ http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Bishop-of-Tyre:-Christians-in-Lebanon-have-become-a-minority-in-their-country-17638.html
Jump up ^ El Corresponsal de Medio Oriente y Africa - Málaga recupera su pasado fenicio
Jump up ^ "Saint Christina of Tyre (July 24)". Official website of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tyre.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tyre.
360 Panorama of Tyre's Archeological Site
Lebanon, the Cedars' Land: Tyre
photo 2u
Tyre entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith with picture of Tyrian silver shekel.
Alexander's Siege of Tyre at Ancient History Encyclopedia by Grant Nell
American University of Beirut (AUB) Museum team discovers first Phoenician Temple in Tyre; only complete one in Lebanon
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "article name needed". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
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Tyre District, South Governorate
Capital: Tyre
Towns and villages
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyre,_Lebanon&oldid=801041596"
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States and territories established in the 14th century BC
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Tiro – Spanish
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Tiro – Galician
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Tir – Croatian
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Tyr – Norwegian
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