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Certiorari
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Prerogative writs
Certiorari / Review
Habeas corpus
Mandamus / Mandate (peremptory)
Procedendo
Prohibito / Prohibition
Quo warranto
Philippines-specific
Amparo and Habeas Data
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Certiorari,[a] often abbreviated cert. in the United States, is a writ seeking judicial review. A certiorari is issued by a superior court, directing an inferior court, tribunal, or other public authority to send the record of a proceeding for review.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Historical and modern jurisdictions
2.1 Ancient Rome
2.2 Common law and Commonwealth
2.3 United States
2.3.1 Federal courts
2.3.2 State courts
2.3.3 Administrative law
2.4 Philippines
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 Further reading
Etymology[edit]
The term comes from the words used at the beginning of these writs when they were written in Latin: certiorārī (volumus) "(we wish) to be informed". Certiorari is the present passive infinitive of the Latin verb certioro, certiorare ("to inform, apprise, show").[2][3]
Historical and modern jurisdictions[edit]
Historical usage dates back to Roman Law. In modern law, certiorari is recognized in many jurisdictions, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, India, and the Philippines.[4]
Ancient Rome[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In Roman law, certiorari was suggested in terms of reviewing a case—much as the term is applied today—although the term was also used in writing to indicate the need or duty to inform other parties of a court's ruling. It was a highly technical term appearing only in jurisprudential Latin, most frequently in the works of Ulpian.
The term certiorari is often found in Roman literature on law but applied in a philosophical rather than tangible manner when concerning the action of review of a case or aspects of a case. Essentially, it states that the case will be heard.
Common law and Commonwealth[edit]
At common law, certiorari was a supervisory writ, serving to keep "all inferior jurisdictions within the bounds of their authority ... [protecting] the liberty of the subject, by speedy and summary interposition".[5] In England and Wales, and separately in Northern Ireland, the Court of King's Bench was tasked with the duty of supervising all lower courts, and had power to issue all writs necessary for the discharge of that duty; the justices of that Court appeared to have no discretion as to whether it was heard, as long as an application for a bill of certiorari met established criteria, as it arose from their duty of supervision.
The underlying policy is that all inferior courts and authorities have only limited jurisdiction or powers and must be kept within their legal bounds. This is the concern of the Crown, for the sake of orderly administration of justice, but it is a private complaint which sets the Crown in motion.[6]
As Associate Justice James Wilson, the person primarily responsible for the drafting of Article Three of the United States Constitution,[7] explains:
In every judicial department, well arranged and well organized, there should be a regular, progressive, gradation of jurisdiction; and one supreme tribunal should superintend and govern all the others.
An arrangement in this manner is proper for two reasons:
The supreme tribunal produces and preserves a uniformity of decision through the whole judicial system.
It confines and supports every inferior court within the limits of its just jurisdiction.
If no superintending tribunal of this nature were established, different courts might adopt different and even contradictory rules of decision; and the distractions, springing from these different and contradictory rules, would be without remedy and without end. Opposite determinations of the same question, in different courts, would be equally final and irreversible.[8]
Consistent with Justice Wilson's explanation, the power to issue writs of certiorari is invested in the highest court of every Commonwealth jurisdiction, in some way, shape, or manner. While some incorporate this remedy into their constitutions, e.g., India,[9] others treat it as an implied power of superior courts, e.g., Australia,[10] but in all Commonwealth jurisdictions—as distinguished from their American counterpart—it has evolved into a general remedy for the correction of plain error, to bring decisions of an inferior court or tribunal or public authority before the superior court for review so that the court can determine whether to quash such decisions.[11]
United States[edit]
Federal courts[edit]
In the United States, certiorari is most often seen as the writ that the Supreme Court of the United States issues to a lower court to review the lower court's judgment for legal error (reversible error) and review where no appeal is available as a matter of right. Before the Judiciary Act of 1891,[12] the cases that could reach the Supreme Court were heard as a matter of right, meaning that the Court was required to issue a decision in each of those cases.[13] That is, the Court had to review all properly presented appeals on the merits, hear oral argument, and issue decisions. As the United States expanded in the nineteenth century, the federal judicial system became increasingly strained, and the Supreme Court, which routinely took three months off every year, not surprisingly had a backlog of cases several years long.[14] The Act solved these problems by transferring most of the court's direct appeals to the newly created Circuit Courts of Appeals, whose decisions in those cases would normally be final.[15] The Supreme Court did not completely give up its judiciary authority, however, because it gained the ability to review the decisions of the courts of appeals at its discretion through writ of certiorari.[16]
Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 and the Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988,[17] most cases cannot be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States as a matter of right. A party who wants the Supreme Court to review a decision of a federal or state court files a "petition for writ of certiorari" in the Supreme Court. A "petition" is printed in booklet format and 40 copies are filed with the Court.[18] If the Court grants the petition, the case is scheduled for the filing of briefs and for oral argument. A minimum of four of the nine justices is required to grant a writ of certiorari, referred to as the "rule of four". The court denies the vast majority of petitions and thus leaves the decision of the lower court to stand without review; it takes roughly 80 to 150 cases each term. In the term that concluded in June 2009, for example, 8,241 petitions were filed, with a grant rate of approximately 1.1 percent.[19] Cases on the paid certiorari docket are substantially more likely to be granted than those on the in forma pauperis docket.[20] The Supreme Court is generally careful to choose only cases over which the Court has jurisdiction and which the Court considers sufficiently important, such as cases involving deep constitutional questions, to merit the use of its limited resources. See also Cert pool. While both appeals of right and cert petitions often present several alleged errors of the lower courts for appellate review, the court normally grants review only of one or two questions presented in a certiorari petition.
The Supreme Court sometimes grants a writ of certiorari to resolve a "circuit split", when the federal appeals courts in two (or more) federal judicial circuits have ruled differently in similar situations. These are often called "percolating issues."
Certiorari is sometimes informally referred to as cert., and cases warranting the Supreme Court's attention as "cert. worthy".[21] The granting of a writ does not necessarily mean that the Supreme Court disagrees with the decision of the lower court. Granting a writ of certiorari means merely that at least four of the justices have determined that the circumstances described in the petition are sufficient to warrant review by the Court.
Conversely, the Supreme Court's denial of a petition for a writ of certiorari is sometimes misunderstood as implying that the Supreme Court approves the decision of the lower court. However, as the Court explained in Missouri v. Jenkins,[22] such a denial "imports no expression of opinion upon the merits of the case[.]" In particular, a denial of a writ of certiorari means that no binding precedent is created by the denial itself, and the lower court's decision is treated as mandatory authority only within the geographical (or in the case of the Federal Circuit, subject-specific) jurisdiction of that court. The reasons for why a denial of certiorari cannot be treated as implicit approval were set forth in Maryland v. Baltimore Radio Show, Inc. (1950), in which the Court explained the many rationales which could underlie the denial of a writ which have nothing to do with the merits of the case.
Since the vast majority of petitions for certiorari are routinely denied without comment, it is normally unnecessary to indicate that fact in citations to decisions of lower federal courts, unless it happened within the last two years or was otherwise particularly relevant (e.g., to support an inference that a particular appellant is a vexatious litigant).
In legal citations, "cert. granted sub nom" is an abbreviation of the legal phrase "certiorari granted sub nomine", meaning "judicial review granted, under name", indicating that a petition for certiorari of a case has been granted, but that the court granting certiorari is hearing the case under a different name than the name under which the subordinate courts heard the case. For example, the case of District of Columbia v. Heller was known as Parker v. District of Columbia in the court below.
State courts[edit]
Some United States state court systems use the same terminology, but in others, writ of review, leave to appeal, or certification for appeal is used in place of writ of certiorari as the name for discretionary review of a lower court's judgment. A handful of states lack intermediate appellate courts; in most of these, their supreme courts operate under a mandatory review regime, in which the supreme court must take all appeals in order to preserve the loser's traditional right to one appeal (except in criminal cases where the defendant was acquitted). Virginia has an intermediate appeals court, but operates under discretionary review except in family law and administrative cases. Mandatory review remains in place in all states where the death penalty exists; in those states, a sentence of death is automatically appealed to the state's highest court.
In two states without an intermediate appeals court—New Hampshire and West Virginia—the supreme court used to operate under discretionary review in all cases, whether civil or criminal. This meant that there was no right of appeal in either state, with the only exception being death penalty cases in New Hampshire. (West Virginia abolished its death penalty in 1965.) However, New Hampshire transitioned to mandatory review for the vast majority of cases beginning in 2004,[23] while West Virginia transitioned to mandatory review for all cases beginning in 2010.[24][25]
Texas is an unusual exception to the rule that denial of certiorari by the state supreme court normally does not imply approval or disapproval of the merits of the lower court's decision. In March 1927, the Texas Legislature enacted a law directing the Texas Supreme Court to summarily refuse to hear applications for writs of error when it believed the Court of Appeals opinion correctly stated the law.[26] Thus, since June 1927, over 4,100 decisions of the Texas Courts of Appeals have become valid binding precedent of the Texas Supreme Court itself because the high court refused applications for writ of error rather than denying them and thereby signaled that it approved of their holdings as the law of the state.[26]
While Texas' unique practice saved the state supreme court from having to hear relatively minor cases just to create uniform statewide precedents on those issues, it also makes for lengthy citations to the opinions of the Courts of Appeals, since the subsequent writ history of the case must always be noted (e.g., no writ, writ refused, writ denied, etc.) in order for the reader to determine at a glance whether the cited opinion is binding precedent only in the district of the Court of Appeals in which it was decided, or binding precedent for the entire state.[26] In contrast, California[27] and New York[28] solved the problem of creating uniform precedent by simply holding that the first intermediate appellate court to reach a novel question of law always sets binding precedent for the entire state, unless and until another intermediate appellate court expressly disagrees with the first one.
Administrative law[edit]
In the administrative law context, the common-law writ of certiorari was historically used by lower courts in the United States for judicial review of decisions made by an administrative agency after an adversarial hearing. Some states have retained this use of the writ of certiorari in state courts, while others have replaced it with statutory procedures. In the federal courts, this use of certiorari has been abolished and replaced by a civil action under the Administrative Procedure Act in a United States district court or in some circumstances a petition for review in a United States court of appeals.
Philippines[edit]
The Philippines has adapted the extraordinary writ of certiorari in civil actions under its Rules of Court.[29]
See also[edit]
Law portal
Allocatur
Certiorari before judgment
Petition for review
Subpoena ad testificandum
Subpoena duces tecum
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Pronounced /ˌsɜːrʃəˈrɛəraɪ/, /-ˈrɛəri/, or /-ˈrɑːri/.[1][2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Certiorari ! Define Certiorari at Dictionary.com".
^ Jump up to: a b "Definition of certiorari in Oxford dictionary (British & World English)".
Jump up ^ "Definition at Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary".
Jump up ^ "Philippine Supreme Court Circulars". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ 3 Wm. Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 42 (1765).
Jump up ^ Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675 (India)(internal quotation omitted) indiankanoon.org
Jump up ^ The Oyez Project, Justice James Wilson [1] (last visited April 4, 2011).
Jump up ^ 2 The Works of James Wilson 149–50 (J. D. Andrews ed., 1896).
Jump up ^ India Const. art. 32, cl. 2 Archived September 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Kirk v Industrial Relations Commission [2010] HCA 1; Klewer v Dutch [2000] FCA 509
Jump up ^ Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Comm'n [1969] 2 AC 147; [1969] 2 WLR 163 (Court may correct any lower court decision "depart[ing] from the rules of natural justice," per Lord Pierce) [2]
Jump up ^ Ch. 517, 26 Stat. 826 (1891).
Jump up ^ Russel R. Wheeler & Cynthia Harrison, Fed. Judicial Ctr., Creating the Federal Judicial System 17–18 (3d ed. 2005).
Jump up ^ Wheeler & Harrison, supra, at 12, 16.
Jump up ^ Judiciary Act of 1891 § 6., 26 Stat. at 828.
Jump up ^ § 6, 26 Stat. at 828.
Jump up ^ Supreme Court Case Selections Act, Pub.L. 100-352, 102 Stat. 662 (1988)
Jump up ^ United States Supreme Court Rule 33
Jump up ^ Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868, __ (2009) (Roberts, C.J., dissenting) (slip op. at 11). See also https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/justicecaseload.pdf (10,000 cases in the mid-2000s); Melanie Wachtell & David Thompson, An Empirical Analysis of Supreme Court Certiorari Petition Procedures 16 Geo. Mason U. L. Rev. 237, 241 (2009) (7500 cases per term); Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, Remarks at University of Guanajuato, Mexico, 9/27/01 (same).
Jump up ^ Thompson, David C.; Wachtell, Melanie F. (2009). "An Empirical Analysis of Supreme Court Certiorari Petition Procedures". George Mason University Law Review. 16 (2): 237, 249. SSRN 1377522  .
Jump up ^ TIPTON V. SOCONY MOBIL OIL CO., INC., 375 U. S. 34 (1963)
Jump up ^ 515 U.S. 70 (1995)
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court - Judicial Duties". New Hampshire Judicial Branch. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Stoneking, Jay (1 October 2014). "State of West Virginia v. McKinley". West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals Blog. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rules of Appellate Procedure - Part III". West Virginia Judiciary. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Steiner, Mark E. (February 1999). "Not Fade Away: The Continuing Relevance of 'Writ Refused' Opinions". The Appellate Advocate. 12: 3–6.
Jump up ^ Sarti v. Salt Creek Ltd., 167 Cal. App. 4th 1187, 85 Cal. Rptr. 3d 506 (2008).
Jump up ^ Mountain View Coach Lines, Inc. v. Storms, 102 A.D.2d 663, 476 N.Y.S.2d 918 (2d Dept. 1984).
Jump up ^ "Rules of Court". www.lawphil.net. Retrieved 2016-06-29.
Further reading[edit]
Look up certiorari in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Linzer, Peter (1979). "The Meaning of Certiorari Denials". Columbia Law Review. Columbia Law Review Association, Inc. 79 (7): 1227–1305. doi:10.2307/1121841. JSTOR 1121841.
Lane, Charles. "It's Cert., to Be Sure. But How Do They Say It? Let's Count the Ways", The Washington Post, December 3, 2001 (archived).
http://www.lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_1-71_civil.html#r45
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List of Pixar films
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of films from Pixar, an American CGI film production company based in Emeryville, California, United States.
As of 000000002017-01-01-00002017, Pixar has released 18 feature films, which were all released under the Walt Disney Pictures banner. The company produced its first feature-length film, Toy Story, in 1995. Their second production, A Bug's Life, was released in 1998, followed by their first sequel, Toy Story 2, in 1999. With the exception of Cars 2 (2011), fourteen of the following fifteen features were all critically successful. Pixar had two releases in a single year: Inside Out and The Good Dinosaur in 2015 and Cars 3 and Coco in 2017.
Their upcoming slate of films include Coco (2017),[1] The Incredibles 2 (2018),[2] Toy Story 4 (2019),[3][4][5] two untitled films set to be released in 2020,[4][6] and another untitled film set to be released in 2021.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Films
1.1 Released
1.2 Upcoming
1.3 Production cycle
1.4 Cancelled projects
1.5 Co-production
1.6 Related productions
2 Reception
2.1 Critical and public reception
2.2 Box office performance
2.3 Academy Award wins and nominations
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Films[edit]
Released[edit]
#
Film
Release date
Director(s)
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Composer(s)
Story
Screenplay
1 Toy Story November 22, 1995 John Lasseter John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen and Alec Sokolow Ralph Guggenheim and Bonnie Arnold Randy Newman
2 A Bug's Life November 25, 1998 John Lasseter
Co-Director: Andrew Stanton John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft Andrew Stanton, Donald McEnery and Bob Shaw Darla K. Anderson and Kevin Reher
3 Toy Story 2 November 24, 1999 John Lasseter
Co-Directors: Lee Unkrich and Ash Brannon John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Ash Brannon and Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton, Rita Hsiao, Doug Chamberlin and Chris Webb Helene Plotkin and Karen Robert Jackson
4 Monsters, Inc. November 2, 2001 Pete Docter
Co-Directors: Lee Unkrich and David Silverman Pete Docter, Jill Culton, Jeff Pidgeon and Ralph Eggleston Andrew Stanton and Dan Gerson Darla K. Anderson
5 Finding Nemo May 30, 2003 Andrew Stanton
Co-Director: Lee Unkrich Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton, Bob Peterson and David Reynolds Graham Walters Thomas Newman
6 The Incredibles November 5, 2004 Brad Bird John Walker Michael Giacchino
7 Cars June 9, 2006 John Lasseter
Co-Director: Joe Ranft John Lasseter, Joe Ranft and Jorgen Klubien Dan Fogelman, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft, Kiel Murray, Phil Lorin and Jorgen Klubien Darla K. Anderson Randy Newman
8 Ratatouille June 29, 2007 Brad Bird
Co-Director: Jan Pinkava Jan Pinkava, Jim Capobianco and Brad Bird Brad Bird Brad Lewis Michael Giacchino
9 WALL-E June 27, 2008 Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton and Pete Docter Andrew Stanton and Jim Reardon Jim Morris
Co-Producer: Lindsey Collins Thomas Newman
10 Up May 29, 2009 Pete Docter
Co-Director: Bob Peterson Pete Docter, Bob Peterson and Tom McCarthy Bob Peterson and Pete Docter Jonas Rivera Michael Giacchino
11 Toy Story 3 June 18, 2010 Lee Unkrich John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich Michael Arndt Darla K. Anderson Randy Newman
12 Cars 2 June 24, 2011 John Lasseter
Co-Director: Brad Lewis John Lasseter, Brad Lewis and Dan Fogelman Ben Queen Denise Ream Michael Giacchino
13 Brave June 22, 2012 Mark Andrews and Brenda Chapman
Co-Director: Steve Purcell Brenda Chapman Mark Andrews, Steve Purcell, Brenda Chapman and Irene Mecchi Katherine Sarafian Patrick Doyle
14 Monsters University June 21, 2013 Dan Scanlon Dan Scanlon, Dan Gerson and Robert L. Baird Kori Rae Randy Newman
15 Inside Out June 19, 2015 Pete Docter
Co-Director: Ronnie del Carmen Pete Docter and Ronnie del Carmen Pete Docter, Meg LeFauve and Josh Cooley Jonas Rivera Michael Giacchino
16 The Good Dinosaur November 25, 2015 Peter Sohn Peter Sohn, Erik Benson, Meg LeFauve, Kelsey Mann and Bob Peterson Meg LeFauve Denise Ream Mychael Danna and Jeff Danna
17 Finding Dory June 17, 2016 Andrew Stanton
Co-Director: Angus MacLane Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton and Victoria Strouse Lindsey Collins Thomas Newman
18 Cars 3 June 16, 2017 Brian Fee Brian Fee, Ben Queen, Eyal Podell and Jonathon E. Stewart Kiel Murray, Bob Peterson and Mike Rich Kevin Reher
Co-Producer: Andrea Warren Randy Newman
Upcoming[edit]
#
Film
Release date
Director(s)
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Composer(s)
Story
Screenplay
19 Coco[1] November 22, 2017 Lee Unkrich
Co-Director: Adrian Molina Lee Unkrich Adrian Molina Darla K. Anderson Michael Giacchino[8]
20 The Incredibles 2[2][9] June 15, 2018 Brad Bird John Walker[10] and Nicole Paradis Grindle
21 Toy Story 4[9][11] June 21, 2019 Josh Cooley John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich[12] Rashida Jones and Will McCormack[12] Jonas Rivera[8] Randy Newman
22 Untitled film March 13, 2020 TBA
23 Untitled film June 19, 2020
24 Untitled film June 18, 2021
As of June 2016, both films set for 2020 are planned to be original, followed by another two original films that are still in early development.[6] In 2017, it was announced that Dan Scanlon is directing a suburban fantasy film, with Kori Rae producing.[13] Since 2017, Brian Fee has been directing another original film for Pixar,[14] as well as films from Mark Andrews and Pete Docter.
Production cycle[edit]
In July 2013, Pixar Studios President Edwin Catmull, said that the studio planned to release one original film each year, and a sequel every other year, as part of a strategy to release "one and a half movies a year."[15] On July 3, 2016, Pixar president Jim Morris revealed that after Toy Story 4, there are no more plans for further sequels planned at that time, and right now Pixar is only developing original ideas with four films currently in the works.[6]
Cancelled projects[edit]
In 2005, Pixar began collaborating with Disney and Warner Bros. on a live-action film adaptation of James Dalessandro's novel 1906, with Brad Bird attached to direct.[16] It would have marked Pixar's first involvement in a live-action production. The film was abandoned by Disney and Pixar due to script problems and an estimated budget of $200 million, and it is now in limbo at Warner Bros.
A Pixar film titled Newt was announced in April 2008, with Pixar planning to release it in 2011,[17] which was later bumped to 2012,[18] but it had been finally cancelled by early 2010.[19][20] John Lasseter noted that the film's proposed plot line was similar to another film, Blue Sky Studios' Rio, which was released in 2011.[21] In March 2014, in an interview, Pixar president Edwin Catmull stated that Newt was an idea that was not working in pre-production. When the project was passed to Pete Docter, the director of Up, he pitched an idea that Pixar thought was better, and that concept would become Inside Out.
In 2010, Henry Selick formed a joint venture with Pixar called Cinderbiter Productions, which was to exclusively produce stop-motion films.[22] Its first planned feature ShadeMaker was set for release in 2013,[23] but was cancelled in 2012 due to creative differences.[23][24] Selick was then given the option to shop the project (now titled The Shadow King) to other studios.[25]
In addition, when the now-defunct Circle 7 Animation was open, there were plans for sequels to Finding Nemo (which became Finding Dory) and Monsters, Inc. (which became a prequel in the form of Monsters University), as well as a different version of Toy Story 3.[26]
Co-production[edit]
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins is a traditionally animated direct-to-video film produced by Disney Television Animation with an opening sequence created by Pixar. The film was released on August 8, 2000, and led to a television series, with Pixar creating the CGI portion of the opening theme.
Pixar assisted with the story development for the live-action Disney film The Jungle Book, as well as providing suggestions for the film's end credits sequence. The film was released on April 15, 2016. Additional special thanks credit was given to Mark Andrews.
Related productions[edit]
John Carter is a live-action Disney film based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel A Princess of Mars, that was co-written and directed by Andrew Stanton. The film was released on March 9, 2012.
Planes is a spin-off of the Cars franchise, produced by DisneyToon Studios and co-written and executive produced by John Lasseter. The film was conceived from the short film Air Mater, which introduces aspects of Planes and ends with a hint of the film. It was released on August 9, 2013. A sequel, Planes: Fire & Rescue, was released on July 18, 2014.
Reception[edit]
Critical and public reception[edit]
Film
Rotten Tomatoes[27]
Metacritic[28]
CinemaScore[29]
Toy Story 100% 95/100 2 !A
A Bug's Life 92% 77/100 2 !A
Toy Story 2 100% 88/100 1 !A+
Monsters, Inc. 96% 78/100 1 !A+
Finding Nemo 99% 90/100 1 !A+
The Incredibles 97% 90/100 1 !A+
Cars 74% 73/100 2 !A
Ratatouille 96% 96/100 2 !A
WALL-E 96% 94/100 2 !A
Up 98% 88/100 1 !A+
Toy Story 3 99% 92/100 2 !A
Cars 2 39% 57/100 3 !A−
Brave 78% 69/100 2 !A
Monsters University 78% 65/100 2 !A
Inside Out 98% 94/100 2 !A
The Good Dinosaur 77% 66/100 2 !A
Finding Dory 94% 77/100 2 !A
Cars 3 68% 59/100 2 !A
Box office performance[edit]
Film
Budget[30]
North America
Worldwide gross[30]
(unadjusted)
Opening[30]
Gross[30]
(unadjusted)
Toy Story $30 million $29.1 million $191.8 million $373.6 million
A Bug's Life $120 million $33.3 million $162.8 million $363.3 million
Toy Story 2 $90 million $57.4 million $245.9 million $497.4 million
Monsters, Inc. $115 million $62.6 million $255.9 million $525.4 million[31]
Finding Nemo $94 million $70.3 million $339.7 million $867.9 million[32]
The Incredibles $92 million $70.5 million $261.4 million $633.0 million
Cars $120 million $60.1 million $244.1 million $462.2 million
Ratatouille $150 million $47.0 million $206.4 million $620.7 million
WALL-E $180 million $63.1 million $223.8 million $533.3 million
Up $175 million $68.1 million $293.0 million $735.1 million
Toy Story 3 $200 million $110.3 million $415.0 million $1,067.0 million
Cars 2 $200 million $66.1 million $191.5 million $562.1 million
Brave $185 million $66.3 million $237.3 million $540.4 million
Monsters University $200 million $82.4 million $268.5 million $744.2 million
Inside Out $175 million $90.4 million $356.5 million $857.6 million
The Good Dinosaur $175–200 million $39.2 million $123.1 million $332.2 million
Finding Dory $200 million $135.1 million $486.3 million $1,028.6 million
Cars 3 $175 million $53.7 million $152.4 million $362.0 million
Note: Only grosses from the original theatrical runs. They do not include any theatrical re-releases or home media releases. Grosses have not been adjusted for inflation.
Academy Award wins and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films)
Film
Best Picture
Animated Feature
Original Screenplay
Original Score
Original Song
Sound Editing
Sound Mixing
Other
Toy Story Award not introduced yet Nominated Nominated Nominated Special Achievement
A Bug's Life Nominated
Toy Story 2 Nominated
Monsters, Inc. Nominated Nominated Won Nominated
Finding Nemo Won Nominated Nominated Nominated
The Incredibles Won Nominated Won Nominated
Cars Nominated Nominated
Ratatouille Won Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated
WALL-E Won Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated Nominated
Up Nominated Won Nominated Won Nominated
Toy Story 3 Nominated Won Won Nominated Adapted Screenplay
Brave Won
Inside Out Won Nominated
See also[edit]
List of Pixar shorts
List of computer-animated films
List of Disney theatrical animated features
List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Barnes, Brooks (August 15, 2015). "Disney Announces Its Coming Slate of Animated Films at D23 Expo". The New York Times. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Vejvoda, Jim (March 18, 2014). "Disney Officially Announces The Incredibles 2 and Cars 3 Are in the Works". IGN. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca (November 6, 2014). "John Lasseter to Direct Fourth 'Toy Story' Film". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Hipes, Patick (October 8, 2015). "Disney: ‘Ant Man And The Wasp’ A Go, ‘Incredibles 2’ Dated & More". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Williams, Mike. "No More Sequels In Development After "The Incredibles 2," Pixar Says". Yahoo!. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Snetiker, Marc (July 1, 2016). "Pixar: No sequels for Ratatouille, WALL-E, or Inside Out anytime soon". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (April 25, 2017). "‘Star Wars,’ ‘Frozen 2’ And ‘The Lion King’: Disney Unleashes A Barrage Of Release Dates". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ching, Albert (July 14, 2017). "D23 Expo: Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios: The Upcoming Films". CBR.
^ Jump up to: a b Berman, Rachel (October 26, 2016). "Breaking: Toy Story 4 and The Incredibles 2 Get New Release Dates!". Oh My Disney. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Incredibles 2 News: Brad Bird to Officially Direct, First Concept Art & More". Pixar Post. July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (November 6, 2014). "John Lasseter will direct 'Toy Story 4' for 2017 -- BREAKING". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Khatchatourian, Maane (July 14, 2017). "‘Toy Story 4’: Josh Cooley Becomes Sole Director as John Lasseter Steps Down". Variety. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "D23: Pixar Announces Untitled Quest Movie Set in ‘Suburban Fantasy World’". Variety. July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Angelo (July 20, 2017). "‘Cars 3’ Director Brian Fee Is Directing an Original Pixar Movie". Rotoscopers. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Vary, Adam (June 27, 2013). "Pixar Chief: Studio To Scale Back Sequels, Aim For One Original Film A Year". BuzzFeed. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bastoli, Mike. "'1906' to be Disney/Pixar/Warner Bros. collaboration". March 13, 2008. Big Screen Animation. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sciretta, Peter (April 8, 2008). "Pixar Announces Up, Newt, The Bear and the Bow and Cars 2". /Film. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sciretta, Peter (September 25, 2008). "Pixar's Newt Gets Cars 2's Old Release Date". /Film. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt (May 11, 2010). "Pixar’s NEWT Cancelled". Collider. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bastoli, Mike (May 11, 2010). "Exclusive: Newt is "cancelled"". The Pixar Blog. Archived from the original on May 14, 2010. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Vejvoda, Jim (May 2, 2011). "Pixar on Newt". IGN. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ LeBlanc, Will (April 1, 2010). "Henry Selick Bringing Stop-Motion Back To Disney". Cinemablend. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Bettinger, Brendan (August 14, 2012). "Disney Cancels Production on Henry Selick’s Untitled Stop-Motion Movie". Collider.com. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Fritz, Ben (September 13, 2012). "Disney takes $50 million write-down on canceled animation project". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Henry Selick’s The Shadow King proceeding without Disney, but with a plot and voice cast". The A.V. Club. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Catmull, Ed (March 19, 2014). "Pixar's Ed Catmull on How to Balance Art and Commerce". Fast Company. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pixar". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pixar Animation Studios' Scores". Metacritic. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". Retrieved June 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Pixar". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Monsters, Inc. (2001)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Finding Nemo (2003)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Your Friend the Rat (2007)
Presto (2008)
Rescue Squad Mater (2008)
Mater the Greater (2008)
El Materdor (2008)
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Lava (2014)
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Riley's First Date? (2015)
Piper (2016)
Lou (2017)
Series
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Toy Story Toons (2011–12)
Compilations
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Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 1 (2007)
Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales (2010)
Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 2 (2012)
Other work
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Television specials
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Toy Story That Time Forgot (2014)
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productions
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It's Tough to Be a Bug! (1998)
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (2000)
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Exploring the Reef (2003)
Turtle Talk with Crush (2004)
John Carter (2012)
Planes (2013)
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Documentaries
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Products
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RenderMan
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People
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List of Pixar awards and nominations
feature films
short films
List of Pixar film references
Computer Graphics Lab
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Pixar Canada
A Computer Animated Hand
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Mayor of Mumbai
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Mayor of Mumbai
Incumbent
Vishwanath Mahadeshwar
Term length
5 years
Formation
1931
Website
Official website
The Mayor of Mumbai is the elected chief of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. The role is largely ceremonial as the real powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner.[citation needed] The Mayor also plays a functional role in deliberating over the discussions in the Corporation.[1] Vishwanath Mahadeshwar of the Shiv Sena political party is the current Mayor of Mumbai.
Contents
1 Current mayor
2 History of the office
3 Election of the mayor
4 Mayors of Mumbai
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Current mayor[edit]
The current mayor is Vishwanath Mahadeshwar and Deputy Mayor is Hemangi Worlikar
History of the office[edit]
The designation of 'Chairmen' of Mumbai since 1873 was changed into later changed into that of 'His Worship the Mayor', Mumbai Municipal Corporation from November 1931.
Election of the mayor[edit]
The mayor is elected from within the ranks of the council in a quinquennial election. The elections are conducted in all 227 wards in the city to elect corporators. The party that wins the maximum number of seats holds an internal voting to decide the mayor. If no party or coalition can garner majority to select a mayor from amongst themselves for more than 1 month after general municipality elections (or) if the office of mayor becomes vacant for any reason mid term and still remains vacant for more than 2 months due to the first said reason, then a general election is held within the municipality for people to directly elect an executive mayor, to serve till end of term of the municipal house.
The tenure of the mayor is 5 years (or) till dissolution of municipal corporation, either by themselves (or) by state law.
Mayors of Mumbai[edit]
Year
Mayor
Political Party
Notes
1931–1932 J. B. Boman Behram
1932–1933 V. N. Chandavarkar
1933–1934 Dr. Moreshwar Chintaman Javle
1934–1935 Hooseinally M. Rahimtoola
1935–1936 Khurshed Framji Nariman
1936–1937 Jamnadas M. Mehta
1937–1938 Dr. Elijah Moses Rajpurker
1938–1939 Sultan M. Chinoy
1939–1940 Behram N. Karanjia
1940–1941 Mathooradas Tricamjee
1941–1942 Dr. Joseph A. Collaco Member of the Corporation 1929-1952
1942–1943 Yusuf J. Meherally
1943–1944 Dr. M. D. D. Gilder, Minoo Masani
1944–1945 Nagindas T. Master
1945–1946 Dr. Jos. Alban D'Souza
1946–1947 Mohamedbhoy I.M. Rowjee
1947–1948 A. P. Sabavala
1948–1949 Dr. M. U. Mascarenhas
1949–1950 S. K. Patil
1950–1951 S. K. Patil
1951–1952 S. K. Patil
1952–1953 Ganpatishankar N. Desai
1953–1954 Dr. P. A. Dias
1954–1955 Dahyabhai V. Patel
1955–1956 N. C. Pupala
1956–1957 Smt. Sulochana M. Modi Indian National Congress First woman mayor of Mumbai
1956–1957 Salebhoy Abdul Kader
1957 - 1957 Dr. Simon C. Fernandes
1957–1958 M. V. Donde
1958–1959 S. S. Mirajkar
1959–1960 P. T. Borale
1960–1961 Vishnuprasad N. Desai
1961–1962 V. B. Worlikar
1962–1963 Dr. N. N. Shah
1963–1964 E. A. Bandookwala
1964–1965 Dr. B. P. Divgi
1965–1966 M. Madhavan
1966–1967 S. R. Patkar
1967–1968 Dr. J. Leon D'Souza
1968–1969 Dr. R. N. Kulkarni Indian National Congress
1969–1970 J. K. Joshi
1970–1971 Dr. S. G. Patel
1971–1972 Dr. H. S. Gupte Shiv Sena
1972–1973 R. K. Ganatra
1973–1974 Sudhir G. Joshi Shiv Sena
1974–1975 B. K. Boman-Behram
1975–1976 N. D. Mehta
1976–1977 Manohar G. Joshi Shiv Sena Congress + Shiv Sena Alliance
1977–1978 Murli S. Deora Indian National Congress Congress + Shiv Sena Alliance
1978 - 1978 Mr. V. S. Mahadik Shiv Sena Congress + Shiv Sena Alliance
1978–1979 R. K. Chimbulkar
1979–1980 R. K. Chimbulkar
1980–1981 Baburao H. Shete
1981–1982 Dr. A. U. Memon
1982–1983 Dr. P. S. Pai
1983–1984 Mr. M. H. Bedi
1984–1985 Corporation was superseded by an Administrator
1985–1986 Mr. Chhagan C. Bhujbal Shiv Sena
1986–1987 Mr. Datta Nalawade Shiv Sena
1987–1988 Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo Shiv Sena
1988–1989 Mr. C. S. Padwal Shiv Sena
1989–1990 Mr. Sharad N. Acharya (Bhau) Shiv Sena Son of senior freedom fighter Narayan Gajanan Acharya from Chembur, Mumbai
1990–1991 Mr. Chhagan C. Bhujbal Shiv Sena
1991–1992 Mr. Diwakar N. Raote Shiv Sena
1992–1993 Mr. C. D. Handore
1993–1994 Mr. R. R. Singh Indian National Congress
1994–1995 Smt. Niramala Samant - Prabhavalkar Indian National Congress Second woman mayor of Mumbai
1995–1996 Mr. R. T. Kadam
1996–1997 Milind Vaidya Shiv Sena
1997–1998 Vishakha Raut Shiv Sena Third woman mayor of Mumbai
1998–1999 Mr. Nandu Satam Shiv Sena Shiv Sena + BJP Alliance
1999–2002 Mr. Hareshwar Patil Shiv Sena
2002–2005 Mahadeo Deole Shiv Sena
2005–2007 Datta Dalvi Shiv Sena Shiv Sena + BJP Alliance
2007–2009 Shubha Raul Shiv Sena Fourth woman mayor of Mumbai, Shiv Sena + BJP Alliance
2009 - 2012 Shraddha Jadhav Shiv Sena Fifth woman mayor of Mumbai, Shiv Sena + BJP Alliance
2012 – 2014 Sunil Prabhu Shiv Sena Shiv Sena + BJP Alliance
2014 - 2017 Snehal Ambekar[2] Shiv Sena Sixth woman mayor of Mumbai
2017–present Vishwanath Mahadeshwar Shiv Sena
See also[edit]
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai(MCGM) or Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)
Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai (for details on the buildings architecture)
Coat of arms of Mumbai
Administrative divisions of Mumbai
Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai
Sheriff of Mumbai
References[edit]
Jump up ^ MCGM Website. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
Jump up ^ Shiv Sena's Snehal Ambekar elected Mumbai's new mayor, Hindustan Times Archived 2014-10-20 at the Wayback Machine.
Official List of Mayors of Bombay - http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qllisthistory
External links[edit]
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
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Central Time Zone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Central Time Zone (North America)
Regions in the Central Time Zone prior to 2015 (Quintana Roo is now in the Eastern Time Zone)
UTC offset
CST
UTC−6:00
CDT
UTC−5:00
Current time (Refresh the clock.)
CDT
12:43 pm on May 30, 2018
CST
11:43 am on May 30, 2018
Observance of DST
DST is observed in certain regions of this time zone between the 2nd Sunday in March and the 1st Sunday in November.
DST began
Mar 11, 2018
DST ends
Nov 4, 2018
The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Central Standard Time (CST) is six hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). During summer most of the zone uses daylight saving time (DST), and changes to Central Daylight Time (CDT) which is five hours behind UTC.
Contents
[hide]
1 Regions using (North American) Central Time
1.1 Canada
1.2 United States
1.3 Mexico
1.4 Central America and Caribbean Islands
1.5 Eastern Pacific islands and other areas
2 Central Daylight Time
3 Alphabetical list of major Central Time Zone metropolitan areas
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Regions using (North American) Central Time[edit]
Canada[edit]
Main article: Time in Canada
The province of Manitoba is the only province or territory in Canada that observes Central Time in all areas.
The following Canadian provinces and territories observe Central Time in the areas noted, while their other areas observe Eastern Time:
Nunavut (territory): western areas (most of Kivalliq Region and part of Qikiqtaaluk Region)
Ontario (province): a portion of the northwest bordering southeastern Manitoba, in and around Kenora.
Also, most of the province of Saskatchewan is on Central Standard Time year-round, never adjusting for Daylight Saving Time. Major exceptions include Lloydminster, a city situated on the boundary between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city charter stipulates that it shall observe Mountain Time and DST, putting the community on the same time as all of Alberta, including the major cities of Calgary and Edmonton. As a result, during the summer, clocks in the entire province match those in Alberta, but during the winter, clocks in most of the province match those in Manitoba.
United States[edit]
Main article: Time in the United States
Nine states are contained entirely in the Central Time Zone:
Alabama
Arkansas
Illinois
Iowa
Louisiana
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Wisconsin
Note: Although all of Alabama is legally on Central Time, Phenix City and the nearby community of Smiths Station unofficially observe Eastern Time, as these areas are part of the metropolitan area of the considerably larger city of Columbus, Georgia in the Eastern Time Zone. Lanett and Valley observe Eastern Time historically because they were textile mill towns and the original home office of their mills was in West Point, Georgia.[1]
Six states are split between the Central Time Zone and the Mountain Time Zone:
Kansas - all, except for Sherman, Wallace, Greeley, and Hamilton counties
Nebraska - eastern two thirds
North Dakota - all, except for southwest regions and south part of McKenzie County, plus the majority of Dunn County and far western Sioux County
Oklahoma - all, except for Kenton
South Dakota - eastern half
Texas - all, except for El Paso and Hudspeth counties
Five states are split between the Central Time Zone and the Eastern Time Zone:
Florida - Florida Panhandle on Alabama border
Indiana - northwest and southwest regions
Kentucky - western half
Michigan - Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee counties
Tennessee - West Tennessee and Middle Tennessee
Mexico[edit]
Main article: Time in Mexico
Most of Mexico—roughly the eastern three-fourths—lies in the Central Time Zone, except for six northwestern states (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora, and *most of Nayarit) and one southeastern state (Quintana Roo).
The federal entities of Mexico that observe Central Time:
Aguascalientes
Campeche
Coahuila
Colima - except for the Revillagigedo Islands, in which the inner islands use Mountain Time and the outer island uses Pacific Time
Chiapas
Durango
Guanajuato
Guerrero
Hidalgo
Jalisco
Mexico City
Michoacán
Morelos
Nayarit - *only the municipality of Bahía de Banderas, rest of the state uses Mountain Time
Nuevo León
Oaxaca
Puebla
Querétaro
San Luis Potosí
State of Mexico
Tabasco
Tamaulipas
Tlaxcala
Veracruz
Yucatán
Zacatecas
Central America and Caribbean Islands[edit]
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua , and Jamaica all use Central Standard Time year-round.
Eastern Pacific islands and other areas[edit]
The Galápagos Islands in Ecuador uses Central Standard Time all year-round; the remainder of Ecuador uses Eastern Standard Time. Both Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island in Chile uses Central Standard Time during the Southern Hemisphere winter and Central Daylight Time during the Southern Hemisphere summer; the remainder of Chile uses Atlantic Standard Time and Atlantic Daylight Time.
Central Daylight Time[edit]
Daylight saving time (DST) is in effect in much of the Central time zone between mid-March and early November. The modified time is called Central Daylight Time (CDT) and is UTC−5. In Canada, Saskatchewan does not observe a time change. One reason that Saskatchewan does not take part in a time change is that, geographically, the entire province is closer to the Mountain Time Zone's meridian. The province elected to move onto "permanent" daylight saving by being part of the Central Time Zone. The only exception is the region immediately surrounding the Saskatchewan side of the biprovincial city of Lloydminster, which has chosen to use Mountain Time with DST, synchronizing its clocks with those of Alberta.
In those areas of the Canadian and American time zones that observe DST, beginning in 2007, the local time changes at 02:00 local standard time to 03:00 local daylight time on the second Sunday in March and returns at 02:00 local daylight time to 01:00 local standard time on the first Sunday in November. Mexico decided not to go along with this change and observes their horario de verano from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U.S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010.
Alphabetical list of major Central Time Zone metropolitan areas[edit]
Acapulco, Guerrero
Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
Amarillo, Texas
Antigua Guatemala
Arlington, Texas
Austin, Texas
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Beaumont/Port Arthur, Texas
Birmingham, Alabama
Bismarck, North Dakota
Bloomington, Illinois
Bowling Green, Kentucky
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Champaign, Illinois
Chicago, Illinois
Clarksville, Tennessee
Comarca Lagunera (Torreón, Gómez Palacio, Lerdo)
Columbia, Missouri
Cookeville, Tennessee
Cuernavaca, Morelos
Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
Des Moines, Iowa
Enid, Oklahoma
Evansville, Indiana
Fargo, North Dakota
Fort Smith, Arkansas
Fort Walton Beach, Florida
Gary, Indiana
Grand Forks, North Dakota
Grand Rapids, Manitoba
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Guadalajara, Jalisco
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Hammond, Indiana
Houston, Texas
Huntsville, Alabama
Iowa City, Iowa
Iron Mountain, Michigan
Jackson, Mississippi
Jackson, Tennessee
Janesville, Wisconsin
Joplin, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
Kenosha, Wisconsin
Lafayette, Louisiana
Lawton, Oklahoma
León, Guanajuato
Lincoln, Nebraska
Little Rock, Arkansas
Lubbock, Texas
Madison, Wisconsin
Managua, Nicaragua
Memphis, Tennessee
Mérida, Yucatán
Mexico City
Midland/Odessa, Texas
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota
Minot, North Dakota
Mobile, Alabama
Monterrey, Nuevo León
Montgomery, Alabama
Nashville, Tennessee
New Orleans
Normal, Illinois
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Omaha, Nebraska
Panama City, Florida
Pensacola, Florida
Peoria, Illinois
Puebla City
Quad Cities, Iowa/Illinois
Racine, Wisconsin
Red Lake, Ontario
Regina, Saskatchewan
Rockford, Illinois
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
St. Louis, Missouri
San Antonio, Texas
San José, Costa Rica
San Luis Potosí City
San Pedro Sula, Honduras
San Salvador, El Salvador
Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Shreveport–Bossier City, Louisiana
Springfield, Illinois
Springfield, Missouri
Tampico, Tamaulipas
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Thompson, Manitoba
Toluca, Estado de México
Topeka, Kansas
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Waukegan, Illinois
Wheaton, Illinois
Wichita, Kansas
Wichita Falls, Texas
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Zacatecas, Zacatecas
See also[edit]
Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://archive.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/060813/zones.shtml
External links[edit]
World time zone map
Hismaime zones C conversion
The official U.S. time for the GmTCentral Time Zone (dead link)
Cities in CST
Official times across Canada
[hide]
v
t
e
Time zones in North America
Time zone
Hours from UTC: Standard time
Hours from UTC: Daylight saving time
Hawaii–Aleutian (in Hawaii) –10 –10
Hawaii–Aleutian (in Alaska) –10 –9
Alaska –9 –8
Pacific –8 –7
Mountain (Arizona and Sonora only) –7 –7
Mountain (other states/provinces) –7 –6
Central (Saskatchewan only) –6 –6
Central (other states/provinces) –6 –5
Eastern (parts of Nunavut and the Caribbean) –5 –5
Eastern (other states/provinces) –5 –4
Atlantic (Natashquan River) –4 –4
Atlantic (other states/provinces) –4 –3
Newfoundland –3:30 –2:30
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
and most of Greenland –3 –2
See also
Time in Canada
Time in Denmark
Time in Mexico
Time in the United States
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Time_Zone&oldid=841790099"
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