text:
David Goggins
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David Goggins
Goggins in May 2008
Born
February 17, 1975 (1975-02-17) (age 43)
Buffalo, New York, United States[1]
Allegiance
United States of America
Service/branch
United States Air Force
United States Navy
Rank
Chief Petty Officer[2]
Unit
United States Navy SEALs
Class 235[3][4][5]
SEAL Team 5 [6][7]
SEAL Team 17
Relations
Trunnis Goggins (father), owner of the Skateland roller rink in Buffalo, New York[8][1]
Other work
Special Operations Warrior Foundation
Featured in the book Living with a SEAL by Jesse Itzler (2015)
David Goggins (born February 17, 1975) is an American ultramarathon runner, ultra-distance cyclist, triathlete and former world record holder for the most pull-ups done in 24 hours. He is a retired United States Navy SEAL and former United States Air Force Tactical Air Control Party member who took part in the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War.
Contents
[hide]
1 Military career
2 Charity
3 Marathon and Ultramarathon running
4 Major races and accomplishments
5 Motivational speaking
5.1 Obstacles overcome
6 World pull-up record
6.1 2012 attempts
6.2 2013 success
7 References
8 External links
Military career[edit]
Goggins initially applied to join the United States Air Force Pararescue. Goggins failed his ASVAB twice before succeeding and entering into 'The Pipeline' (Pararescue training). Goggins later became a member of the United States Air Force Tactical Air Control Party also known as TACP. Goggins served his time in TACP and left the United States Air Force.
Goggins succeeded in graduating from BUD/S training with Class 235 in 2001 and was assigned to SEAL Team FIVE. Goggins completed multiple deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2004, Goggins graduated from Army Ranger School with the distinction of enlisted "Top Honor Man." [6]
Navy SEAL David Goggins during demonstration of a beach reconnaissance
Goggins is the only member in the U.S. Armed Forces to complete SEAL training, Ranger School and Air Force Tactical Air Controller training.[1] Goggins retired from active duty as a Chief Petty Officer in 2016.
Goggins also served as the bodyguard for Iraqi Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari.[1]
Charity[edit]
After several of his friends died in Afghanistan in a helicopter crash in 2005 during Operation Red Wings,[4] Goggins began long-distance running with the aim of raising money for the Special Operations Warrior Foundation. The Foundation gives college scholarships and grants to the children of fallen special operations soldiers.[9]
It has been estimated that Goggins has raised over $2 million for the Special Operations Warrior Foundation.[1]
Marathon and Ultramarathon running[edit]
Goggins attempted to enter the Badwater-135 Ultramarathon as a fund raiser, but was told by organizers that he needed to enter another ultramarathon first; as the Badwater is an invitational event. In 2005, Goggins entered the San Diego One Day, a 24-hour ultramarathon held at Hospitality Point in San Diego. He was able to run 100 miles in under 19 hours despite never having run a marathon before. He was subsequently granted entry into the 2006 Badwater-135. At the 2006 Badwater-135, he finished 5th overall, an unheard of result from an ultramarathon novice at a world-class event.[10]
Since this beginning, Goggins has competed in numerous long distance endurance events (while still on active-duty with the US Navy), most notably ultra-marathons.
He has participated in notable events such as the Las Vegas Marathon and the Badwater-135 Ultramarathon, where he placed highly. He also has participated in the Furnace Creek-508 (2009), an ultra-distance invitational Cycling Race.
Only three months after completing his first Badwater Ultramarathon in 2006, he competed in the Ultraman World Championships Triathlon in Hawaii. He placed second in the three-day, 320-mile race, cycling 261 miles in two days on a rented bicycle. Before training for that race, he’d never ridden a bike competitively.
In 2007, Goggins achieved his best finish at the Badwater-135 by placing 3rd overall in an impressive international field.[11]
He returned to the Badwater-135 in 2013, finishing 18th, after a break from the event since 2008.
Over the next two years, he competed in another 14 ultra-endurance races, with top-five finishes in nine of them. He set a course record at the 48-hour national championships, beating the previous record by 20 miles with a total distance traveled of 203.5 miles and earning himself a spot among the top 20 ultramarathoners in the world.
In 2008 he was named a "Hero of Running" by Runner's World.[12]
Major races and accomplishments[edit]
2016 - JFK - 50 Miler - 7:30:36
2016 - Strolling Jim 40 - 4:54:15, 1OA
2016 - Zane Grey 50 Miler - 11:23:29
2013 - 24 Hour Pullup World Record - 4,025 pull-ups
2013 - Badwater Ultra Marathon 135 Miler, Death Valley, CA - 32:44:10
2009 - HURT Trail 100-Mile Endurance Run Honolulu - 25:28:00. 4th place of 43 finishers
2008 - McNaughton Park Trail Run 150 Mile - 33:36:20 Course record
2008 – Kona Ironman World Championship – 11:24:00.940th place overall of 1634 finishers
2008 – MiWok 100k Race – 9:55:19
2007 – The Bear 100 Miler, Logan, UT – 22:52:52
2007 - Leadville Trail 100 Miler, Leadville, CO - 22:15:36
2007 – Badwater Ultra Marathon 135 Miler, Death Valley, CA - 3rd Overall – 25:49:40
2007 - Zane Grey 50 Miler - 11:27:56. 17th place of 91 finishers
2006 – Ultraman World Championship; 2nd Overall – 24:41:23
2006 – Badwater Ultra Marathon – 30:18:54
2006 – San Diego One Day (24 Hours) 100 Miler – 21:21:00
Motivational speaking[edit]
Goggins occasionally gives motivational speeches[1] and is generally seen as an inspiration and motivator for people pursuing goals involving athleticism, endurance, weight loss, and mental toughness.[citation needed]
Entrepreneur Jesse Itzler, upon seeing Goggins perform at a 24-hour ultramarathon, called and hired Goggins to live with him in his house for a month. Itzler wrote about his experience on a blog and later published the story as the book Living With A SEAL. [citation needed][13]
Obstacles overcome[edit]
Goggins's accomplishments have become further notable in light of the significant obstacles he has reported, among both his physical characteristics and childhood upbringing, such as:
Asthma;[4][14]
Sickle cell trait;[1]
Psychological and physical abuse during childhood;[1]
Graduating high school with a 1.6 GPA;[1]
Obesity
In the late 1990s, after spending four years in the Air Force, Goggins, who weighed almost 300 pounds, was told that he was too heavy to make it through SEAL training. In less than three months, he returned weighing 190 pounds.[1]
In 2005, when he decided to run an ultramarathon to raise money for charity, he "weighed 280 pounds from years of power lifting...Eight months later, when I ran Kiehl's Badwater Ultramarathon, I weighed 177 pounds."[15][4]
Congenital heart defect
In May 2010, during a routine medical checkup, his doctor discovered a birth defect known as atrial septal defect (ASD), or a hole in his heart, and it’s only able to function at about 75 percent capacity. This condition typically prevents people from doing activities such as scuba diving or anything at high altitude. Only a few days after learning of the condition, Goggins had surgery to repair his heart.;[16]
Having a natural dislike for running and cycling. Goggins's wife in an interview said “He hates running. He hates riding the bike. I’m here to tell you he’s angry every morning he has to do it"[4] but “He realized that in order to gain the attention to raise money, he was going to have to suffer”[4]
World pull-up record[edit]
2012 attempts[edit]
On September 27, 2012, Goggins went on the Today Show to attempt to beat the world record for the most pull-ups done in 24 hours.[17] The main aim of the challenge was to raise money for the Special Operations Warrior Foundation. After 6 hours and 30 minutes in, Goggin had completed 2011 pullups (halfway to the record). By 9:15 pm, after 13.5 hours, he completed pull-up 2588. He had been in considerable pain for hours as a severe bulge burst through the skin of his right wrist. An x-ray at 10:30pm confirmed a right extensor pollicis complex partial tear. The reason for the injury and the failure in the attempt is thought to be the Goggin's use of a portable pull-up bar that was not bolted down, as opposed to the sturdier equipment he used during the months of training prior to this event.[18] Despite not beating the record, Goggins raised more than $20,000 for his chosen charity.
On November 27, 2012, he completed 3,207 pull-ups in 12 hours, but had to stop due to an injury in his right palm.
2013 success[edit]
On January 19, 2013, in Brentwood, Tennessee, Goggins broke the world record for the most pull-ups done in 24 hours. He completed 4,025 pull-ups in 17 hours, and set a new world record. It was his third attempt at breaking the record.[19][20]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Speaker David Goggins, Book David Goggins, US Navy SEAL - Robinson Speakers Bureau". Robinsonspeakers.com.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Who is David Goggins?". Gaijinass.com. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "'He epitomizes what a SEAL is'". Stripes.com. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ [2]
^ Jump up to: a b "An interview with US Navy Seal David Goggins". Slowtwitch.com.
Jump up ^ Brent Gleeson [@brentgleeson] (27 September 2012). "My Navy SEAL brother (fellow BUD/s class 235 and Team 5) David Goggins is on the @TodayShow to break the pull-up record and raise $$!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Trunnis Goggins, longtime owner of Skateland". Buffalonews.com. 8 November 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Special Operations Warrior Foundation -". Specialops.org.
Jump up ^ Badwater-135 results since 2000 Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Cramer, Cathy. "AdventureCORPS Presents :: 2007 Badwater 135 :: Race Results". dbase.adventurecorps.com.
Jump up ^ "RW Hero of Running David Goggins at Runner's World.com". 8 December 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Itzler, Jesse (2015). Living with a SEAL: 31 Days Training with the Toughest Man on the Planet (1st ed.). New York, NY: Hachette Book Group. pp. 3–9. ISBN 9781455534678.
Jump up ^ "Indy.com - Post: B-team: Super athlete David Goggins - Indianapolis, Indiana". 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "i met david goggins! - Planet health upgrade". Planet-hu.com.
Jump up ^ "Never A Bad Day: Large And In Charge - Triathlete.com". Triathlete-europe.competitor.com. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "David Goggins Attempts 24 Hour Pull Up World Record - Nerve Rush". Nerverush.com. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: David Goggins 24-Hour Pull Up World Record: Take #2". Nerverush.com. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tSTk1083VY
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIrT1eHs1b0&t=2m11s
External links[edit]
Biography portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to David Goggins.
Pain, pleasure to the extreme at San Diego Union-Tribune
David Goggins Getting Even More Famous (Archive.org snapshot) at Special Operations Warrior Foundation
Sailors, SEALs complete Ironman at Navy Times
An interview with US Navy Seal David Goggins
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Goggins&oldid=840244231"
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A Beautiful Mind (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A Beautiful Mind
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ron Howard
Produced by
Brian Grazer
Ron Howard
Screenplay by
Akiva Goldsman
Based on
A Beautiful Mind
by Sylvia Nasar
Starring
Russell Crowe
Ed Harris
Jennifer Connelly
Paul Bettany
Adam Goldberg
Judd Hirsch
Josh Lucas
Anthony Rapp
Christopher Plummer
Music by
James Horner
Cinematography
Roger Deakins
Edited by
Daniel P. Hanley
Mike Hill
Production
company
Imagine Entertainment
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
(North America)
DreamWorks Pictures
(International)
Release date
December 13, 2001 (2001-12-13) (Beverly Hills premiere)
December 21, 2001 (2001-12-21) (United States)
Running time
135 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$58 million[1]
Box office
$313 million[1]
A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 American biographical drama film based on the life of John Nash, a Nobel Laureate in Economics. The film was directed by Ron Howard, from a screenplay written by Akiva Goldsman. It was inspired by a bestselling, Pulitzer Prize-nominated 1998 book of the same name by Sylvia Nasar. The film stars Russell Crowe, along with Ed Harris, Jennifer Connelly, Paul Bettany, Adam Goldberg, Judd Hirsch, Josh Lucas, Anthony Rapp, and Christopher Plummer in supporting roles. The story begins in Nash's days as a graduate student at Princeton University. Early in the film, Nash begins to develop paranoid schizophrenia and endures delusional episodes while painfully watching the loss and burden his condition brings on wife Alicia and friends.
The film opened in the United States cinemas on December 21, 2001. It went on to gross over $313 million worldwide and won four Academy Awards, for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress. It was also nominated for Best Actor, Best Film Editing, Best Makeup and Best Original Score.[2]
It was well received by critics, but has been criticized for its inaccurate portrayal of some aspects of Nash's life, especially his other family and a son born out of wedlock. However, the filmmakers have stated that the film was not meant to be a literal representation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Writing
4 Release
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Box office
4.3 Awards
5 Home media
6 Soundtrack
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1947, John Nash (Crowe) arrives at Princeton University. He is co-recipient, with Martin Hansen (Lucas), of the prestigious Carnegie Scholarship for mathematics. At a reception, he meets a group of other promising math and science graduate students, Richard Sol (Goldberg), Ainsley (Jason Gray-Stanford), and Bender (Rapp). He also meets his roommate Charles Herman (Bettany), a literature student.
Nash is under extreme pressure to publish, but he wants to publish his own original idea. His inspiration comes when he and his fellow graduate students discuss how to approach a group of women at a bar. Hansen quotes Adam Smith and advocates "every man for himself," but Nash argues that a cooperative approach would lead to better chances of success. Nash develops a new concept of governing dynamics and publishes an article on this. On the strength of this, he is offered an appointment at MIT where Sol and Bender join him.
Some years later, Nash is invited to the Pentagon to crack encrypted enemy telecommunication. Nash can decipher the code mentally, to the astonishment of other decrypters. He considers his regular duties at MIT uninteresting and beneath his talents, so he is pleased to be given a new assignment by his mysterious supervisor, William Parcher (Harris) of the United States Department of Defense. He is to look for patterns in magazines and newspapers in order to thwart a Soviet plot. Nash becomes increasingly obsessive about searching for these hidden patterns and believes he is followed when he delivers his results to a secret mailbox.
Meanwhile, a student, Alicia Larde (Connelly), asks him to dinner, and the two fall in love. On a return visit to Princeton, Nash runs into Charles and his niece, Marcee (Cardone). With Charles' encouragement, he proposes to Alicia and they marry.
Nash begins to fear for his life after witnessing a shootout between Parcher and Soviet agents, but Parcher blackmails him into staying on his assignment. While delivering a guest lecture at Harvard University, Nash tries to flee from people he thinks are foreign Russian agents, led by Dr. Rosen (Plummer). After punching Rosen in an attempt to flee, Nash is forcibly sedated and sent to a psychiatric facility he believes is run by the Soviets.
Dr. Rosen tells Alicia that Nash has paranoid schizophrenia and that Charles, Marcee, and Parcher exist only in his imagination. Alicia investigates and finally confronts Nash with the unopened documents he had delivered to the secret mailbox. Nash is given a course of insulin shock therapy and eventually released. Frustrated with the side-effects of the antipsychotic medication he is taking, which make him lethargic and unresponsive, he secretly stops taking it. This causes a relapse and he meets Parcher again.
Shortly afterward, Alicia discovers Nash is once again working on his "assignment." Realizing he has relapsed, Alicia rushes into the house to find Nash left their baby unsupervised and nearly submerged in the tub, which had been filling with water. Nash claims that Charles was watching the baby. Alicia calls Dr. Rosen, but Nash believes Parcher is trying to kill her. He rushes in to push Parcher away, and accidentally knocks Alicia and the baby to the ground. As Alicia flees the house with their baby, Nash jumps in front of Alicia's car and begs her to stay. Nash tells her that he realizes that he has never seen Marcee age, even though he's known her for three years. He finally accepts that Parcher and other figures are hallucinations. Against Dr. Rosen's advice, Nash decides not to restart his medication, believing that he can deal with his symptoms himself. Alicia decides to stay and support him in this.
Nash returns to Princeton and approaches his old rival, Hansen, now head of the mathematics department. He grants Nash permission to work out of the library and to audit classes. Over the next two decades, Nash learns to ignore his hallucinations. By the late 1970s, he is allowed to teach again.
In 1994, Nash wins the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his revolutionary work on game theory, and is honored by his fellow professors. The movie ends as Nash, Alicia, and their son leave the auditorium in Stockholm; Nash sees Charles, Marcee, and Parcher standing to one side and watching him.
Cast[edit]
Russell Crowe as John Nash
Ed Harris as William Parcher
Jennifer Connelly as Alicia Nash
Paul Bettany as Charles Herman
Josh Lucas as Martin Hansen
Adam Goldberg as Richard Sol
Anthony Rapp as Bender
Vivien Cardone as Marcee
Christopher Plummer as Dr. Rosen
Judd Hirsch as Helinger
Jason Gray-Stanford as Ainsley Neilson
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
After producer Brian Grazer first read an excerpt of Sylvia Nasar's book A Beautiful Mind in Vanity Fair magazine, he immediately purchased the rights to the film. He eventually brought the project to director Ron Howard, who had scheduling conflicts and was forced to pass. Grazer later said that many A-list directors were calling with their point of view on the project. He eventually focused on a particular director, who coincidentally was available only when Howard was also available. Grazer chose Howard.[3]
Grazer met with a number of screenwriters, mostly consisting of "serious dramatists", but he chose Akiva Goldsman because of his strong passion and desire for the project. Goldsman's creative take on the project was to avoid having viewers understand they are viewing an alternate reality until a specific point in the film. This was done to rob the viewers of their understanding, to mimic how Nash comprehended his experiences. Howard agreed to direct the film based on the first draft. He asked Goldsman to emphasize the love story of Nash and his wife; she was critical to his being able to continue living at home.[4]
Dave Bayer, a professor of Mathematics at Barnard College, Columbia University,[5] was consulted on the mathematical equations that appear in the film. For the scene where Nash has to teach a calculus class and gives them a complicated problem to keep them busy, Bayer chose a problem physically unrealistic but mathematically very rich, in keeping with Nash as "someone who really doesn’t want to teach the mundane details, who will home in on what’s really interesting". Bayer received a cameo role in the film as a professor who lays his pen down for Nash in the pen ceremony near the end of the film.[6]
Greg Cannom was chosen to create the makeup effects for A Beautiful Mind, specifically the age progression of the characters. Crowe had previously worked with Cannom on The Insider. Howard had also worked with Cannom on Cocoon. Each character's stages of makeup were broken down by the number of years that would pass between levels. Cannom stressed subtlety between the stages, but worked toward the ultimate stage of "Older Nash". The production team originally decided that the makeup department would age Russell Crowe throughout the film; however, at Crowe's request, the makeup was used to push his look to resemble the facial features of John Nash. Cannom developed a new silicone-type makeup that could simulate skin and be used for overlapping applications; this shortened make-up application time from eight to four hours. Crowe was also fitted with a number of dentures to give him a slight overbite in the film.[7]
Howard and Grazer chose frequent collaborator James Horner to score the film because they knew of his ability to communicate. Howard said, regarding Horner, "It's like having a conversation with a writer or an actor or another director." A running discussion between the director and the composer was the concept of high-level mathematics being less about numbers and solutions, and more akin to a kaleidoscope, in that the ideas evolve and change. After the first screening of the film, Horner told Howard: "I see changes occurring like fast-moving weather systems." He chose it as another theme to connect to Nash's ever-changing character. Horner chose Welsh singer Charlotte Church to sing the soprano vocals after deciding that he needed a balance between a child and adult singing voice. He wanted a "purity, clarity and brightness of an instrument" but also a vibrato to maintain the humanity of the voice.[8]
The film was shot 90% chronologically. Three separate trips were made to the Princeton University campus. During filming, Howard decided that Nash's delusions should always be introduced first audibly and then visually. This provides a clue for the audience and establishes the delusions from Nash's point of view. The historic John Nash had only auditory delusions. The filmmakers developed a technique to represent Nash's mental epiphanies. Mathematicians described to them such moments as a sense of "the smoke clearing", "flashes of light" and "everything coming together", so the filmmakers used a flash of light appearing over an object or person to signify Nash's creativity at work.[9] Two night shots were done at Fairleigh Dickinson University's campus in Florham Park, New Jersey, in the Vanderbilt Mansion ballroom.[10] Portions of the film set at Harvard were filmed at Manhattan College.[11]
Many actors were considered for the role of John Nash, including Bruce Willis, Kevin Costner, John Travolta, Tom Cruise,[12] John Cusack, Charlie Sheen, Robert Downey, Jr., Nicolas Cage, Johnny Depp, Ralph Fiennes, Jared Leto, Brad Pitt, Alec Baldwin, Mel Gibson, Sean Penn, Guy Pearce, Matthew Broderick, Gary Oldman and Keanu Reeves.[citation needed] Ron Howard ultimately cast Russell Crowe.
During production, Ron Howard and Russell Crowe appeared on a video-only webcam stationed at the set's craft services area and also communicated with Steven Spielberg and Tom Cruise on the set of Minority Report in Los Angeles.[13][14]
Writing[edit]
The narrative of the film differs considerably from the events of Nash's life, as filmmakers made choices for the sense of the story. The film has been criticized for this aspect, but the filmmakers said they never intended a literal representation of his life.[15]
One difficulty was the portrayal of his mental illness and trying to find a film visual language for this.[16] Sylvia Nasar said that the filmmakers "invented a narrative that, while far from a literal telling, is true to the spirit of Nash's story".[17] Nash spent his years between Princeton and MIT as a consultant for the RAND Corporation in California, but in the film he is portrayed as having worked for the Department of Defense at the Pentagon instead. His handlers, both from faculty and administration, had to introduce him to assistants and strangers.[9] The PBS documentary A Brilliant Madness tried to portray his life accurately.[18]
Few of the characters in the film, besides John and Alicia Nash, correspond directly to actual people.[19] The discussion of the Nash equilibrium was criticized as over-simplified. In the film, Nash suffers schizophrenic hallucinations while he is in graduate school, but in his life he did not have this experience until some years later. No mention is made of Nash's homosexual experiences at RAND,[17] which are noted in the biography;[20] though both Nash and his wife deny this occurred.[21] Nash fathered a son, John David Stier (born June 19, 1953), by Eleanor Agnes Stier (1921–2005), a nurse whom he abandoned when she told him of her pregnancy.[22] The film did not include Alicia's divorce of John in 1963. It was not until after Nash won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1994 that they renewed their relationship. Beginning in 1970, Alicia allowed him to live with her as a boarder. They remarried in 2001.[20]
Nash is shown to join Wheeler Laboratory at MIT, but there is no such lab. Instead, he was appointed as C. L. E. Moore instructor at MIT.[23] The so-called pen ceremony tradition at Princeton shown in the film is completely fictitious.[9][24] The film has Nash saying in 1994: "I take the newer medications", but in fact, he did not take any medication from 1970 onwards, something highlighted in Nasar's biography. Howard later stated that they added the line of dialogue because they worried that the film would be criticized for suggesting that all people with schizophrenia can overcome their illness without medication.[9] In addition, Nash never gave an acceptance speech for his Nobel prize.
Release[edit]
A Beautiful Mind received a limited release on December 21, 2001, receiving positive reviews, with Crowe receiving wide acclaim for his performance. It was later released in the United States on January 4, 2002.
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes polled 205 critics and gave the film a 76% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus states, "The well-acted A Beautiful Mind is both a moving love story and a revealing look at mental illness."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[26]
Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars.[27] Mike Clark of USA Today gave three-and-a-half out of four stars and also praised Crowe's performance, calling it a welcome follow-up to Howard's previous film, The Grinch.[28] Desson Thomson of Washington Post found the film to be "one of those formulaically rendered Important Subject movies".[29] The mathematics community praised the portrayal of mathematics in the film, including John Nash himself.[6]
John Sutherland of The Guardian noted the film's biopic distortions, but said:
Howard pulls off an extraordinary trick in A Beautiful Mind by seducing the audience into Nash's paranoid world. We may not leave the cinema with A level competence in game theory, but we do get a glimpse into what it feels like to be mad - and not know it.[30]
Box office[edit]
During the five-day weekend of the limited release, A Beautiful Mind opened at the #12 spot at the box office,[31] peaking at the #2 spot following the wide release.[32] The film went on to gross $170,742,341 in the United States and Canada and $313,542,341 worldwide.[1]
Awards[edit]
In 2002, the film was awarded four awards at the 74th Academy Awards, for Best Adapted Screenplay (Akiva Goldsman), Best Picture (Brian Grazer and Ron Howard), Best Director (Ron Howard) and Best Supporting Actress (Jennifer Connelly). It also received four other nominations for Best Actor (Russell Crowe), Best Film Editing (Mike Hill and Daniel P. Hanley), Best Makeup (Greg Cannom and Colleen Callaghan) and Best Original Score (James Horner).[33] At the 55th British Academy Film Awards the film won Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Supporting Role to Russell Crowe and Jennifer Connelly, respectively. It also nominated the film for Best Film, Best Screenplay and the David Lean Award for Direction.[34]
At the 2002 AFI Awards, Jennifer Connelly won for Best Featured Female Actor.[35] In 2006, it was named No. 93 in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers. In the following year, it was nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition).[36] The film was also nominated for Movie of the Year, Actor of the Year (Russell Crowe), and Screenwriter of the Year (Akiva Goldsman).[37]
Home media[edit]
A Beautiful Mind was released on VHS and DVD in the United States on June 25, 2002.[38] The DVD set includes audio commentaries, deleted scenes and documentaries. The film was also released on Blu-ray in North America on January 25, 2011.[39]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)
See also[edit]
Film in the United States portal
2000s portal
A Beautiful Mind: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
List of American films of 2001
List of films about mathematicians
Mental illness in films
Whitewashing in film, the practice of casting a white actor in a traditionally nonwhite role; a white actress plays John Nash's Salvadoran wife
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "A Beautiful Mind (2001)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ A Beautiful Mind on IMDb
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Partnership: Ron Howard and Brian Grazer", from A Beautiful Mind DVD, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Development of the Screenplay", from A Beautiful Mind DVD, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Dave Bayer: Professor of Mathematics". Barnard College, Columbia University. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Beautiful Math" (PDF). June 2, 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Process of Age Progression", from A Beautiful Mind DVD. 2002.
Jump up ^ "Scoring the Film", from A Beautiful Mind DVD, 2002.
^ Jump up to: a b c d A Beautiful Mind DVD commentary featuring Ron Howard, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Fairleigh Dickinson University turned into a 'different place'". CountingDown.com. April 30, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2009. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "10 Movies Filmed in Manhattan College's Backyard". Archived from the original on October 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind Preview", Entertainment Weekly, October 24, 2001, archived from the original on October 14, 2014
Jump up ^ "Set Showdown: Cruise, Spielberg vs. Howard, Crowe". YouTube. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bagel Cams - Access Hollywood". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 1, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ron Howard Interview" Archived January 25, 2012, at WebCite. About.com. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind". Mathematical Association of America. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Real Number". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ "A Brilliant Madness". PBS.org. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ Sylvia Nasar, A Beautiful Mind, Touchstone 1998.
^ Jump up to: a b Nasar, Sylvia (1998). A Beautiful Mind: A Biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81906-6.
Jump up ^ "Nash: Film No Whitewash". CBS News: 60 Minutes. March 14, 2002. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Scott (April 10, 2005). "Eleanor Stier, 84". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 8, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ "MIT facts meet fiction in 'A Beautiful Mind'". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ "FAQ John Nash". Seeley G. Mudd Library at Princeton University. Archived from the original on July 16, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind (2001)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "A Beautiful Mind". Chicago Sun-Times. RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Clark, Mike (December 20, 2001). "Crowe brings to 'Mind' a great performance". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 13, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ Howe, Desson (December 21, 2001). "'Beautiful Mind': A Terrible Thing to Waste". Archived from the original on December 10, 2017 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
Jump up ^ John Sutherland, 'Beautiful mind, lousy character' Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., The Guardian, 17 March 2002
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for December 21–25, 2001". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for January 4–6, 2002". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ "74th Academy Awards". Oscars.org. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind (2001) – Awards and Nominations". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on February 28, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI Awards 2001". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) Ballot" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI Awards 2001: Movies of the Year". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind". FilmCritic.com. Archived from the original on November 16, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "A Beautiful Mind (2001)". ReleasedOn.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
Further reading[edit]
Akiva Goldsman. A Beautiful Mind: Screenplay and Introduction. New York, New York: Newmarket Press, 2002. ISBN 1-55704-526-7.
External links[edit]
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text:
Pee-wee's Big Adventure
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pee-wee's Big Adventure
Theatrical release poster by John Alvin.
Directed by
Tim Burton
Produced by
Robert Shapiro
Richard Gilbert Abramson
Written by
Phil Hartman
Paul Reubens
Michael Varhol
Starring
Pee-wee Herman
Elizabeth Daily
Mark Holton
Diane Salinger
Judd Omen
Music by
Danny Elfman
Cinematography
Victor J. Kemper
Edited by
Billy Weber
Production
company
Aspen Film Society
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
August 9, 1985 (1985-08-09)
Running time
91 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$7 million
Box office
$40.9 million (domestic)[2]
Pee-wee's Big Adventure is a 1985 American adventure comedy film directed by Tim Burton in his full-length film directing debut and starring Paul Reubens as Pee-wee Herman with supporting roles provided by Elizabeth Daily, Mark Holton, Diane Salinger, and Judd Omen. Reubens also co-wrote the script with Phil Hartman and Michael Varhol. Based on the 1948 Italian classic The Bicycle Thief,[3] it is the tale of Pee-wee Herman embarking on a nationwide adventure in search for his stolen bicycle.
After the success of The Pee-wee Herman Show, Reubens began writing the script to Pee-wee's Big Adventure when he was hired by Warner Bros.. The producers and Reubens hired Burton to direct when they were impressed with his work on Vincent and Frankenweenie. Filming took place in both California and Texas.
The film was released on August 9, 1985, grossing over $40 million in North America. It eventually developed into a cult film and has since accumulated positive feedback. The film was nominated for a Young Artist Award and spawned two sequels, Big Top Pee-wee (1988) and Pee-wee's Big Holiday (2016). Its financial success, followed by the equally successful Beetlejuice in 1988, prompted Warner Bros. to hire Burton as the director for the 1989 film Batman.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Pee-wee Herman has a heavily accessorized bicycle that he treasures and that his neighbor, Francis Buxton, covets. A bike shop employee, Dottie, has a crush on Pee-wee, but he does not reciprocate it. Pee-wee's bike is stolen while he is shopping at a mall. The police tell Pee-wee that they cannot help him find his bike. Pee-wee thinks Francis took it, and confronts him. Francis' father convinces Pee-wee that Francis did not steal the bike. Pee-wee then offers a $10,000 reward for his bike. Francis, who did indeed pay to have someone steal the bike, is frightened by Pee-wee's relentlessness and then pays to have it sent away. After holding an unsuccessful meeting to locate the bike, Pee-wee angrily rejects Dottie's offers of help. Desperate, he visits "Madam Ruby", a phony psychic. Ruby, inspired by the Al and Moe's Bargain Basement shop across the street, tells Pee-wee that his bike is in the basement of the Alamo Mission in San Antonio. Pee-wee hitchhikes to Texas, getting rides from a fugitive, Mickey; and from Large Marge, the ghost of a deceased truck driver.
At a truck stop, Pee-wee discovers his wallet is missing and pays for his meal by washing dishes. He befriends Simone, a waitress who dreams of visiting Paris. As they watch the sunrise at a dinosaur museum, Pee-wee encourages her to follow her dreams, but Simone tells him about her jealous and large boyfriend, Andy, who disapproves. Andy arrives and tries to attack Pee-wee, who escapes onto a moving train and meets Hobo Jack. Pee-wee eventually arrives at the Alamo, but learns at the end of a guided tour that the building does not have a basement. At a bus station, Pee-wee encounters Simone, who tells him that she and Andy broke up and she is on her way to Paris. She tells Pee-wee not to give up finding his bike. Pee-wee calls Dottie at the bike shop and apologizes for his behavior. Andy spots Pee-wee and resumes his attack. Pee-wee evades Andy at a rodeo by disguising himself as a rodeo bull rider. Forced to ride for real, Pee-wee does well but receives a concussion.
Pee-wee enters a biker bar to make a phone call, but the outlaw motorcycle club threatens to kill him after he accidentally knocks over their motorcycles. Pee-wee makes a last request, dancing to the song "Tequila". His dance wins over the bikers, who give him a motorcycle for his journey. Pee-wee crashes his motorcycle immediately afterwards. Pee-wee wakes up in a hospital and learns from a television news report that his bike is being used as a prop in a movie starring a bratty child named Kevin Morton. Pee-wee sneaks into Warner Bros. Studios and takes the bike. He is chased by security across the studio lot and through several sets before escaping.
Later, Pee-wee discovers a burning pet shop and rescues the animals. Although the firefighters declare Pee-wee a hero, the police arrest him for his disruption at the studios. Pee-wee meets the president of Warner Bros., Terry Hawthorne, and explains his journey to retrieve the bike. Hawthorne decides to drop the charges and make a special movie about Pee-wee and his bike, which is returned to him.
Later at a drive-in theater, Pee-wee and Dottie attend the premiere of his biopic, an action movie starring James Brolin as "P.W. Herman" and Morgan Fairchild as Dottie. The two must retrieve a sport bike called the X-1, which contains an important microfilm and has been stolen by ninjas. Pee-wee has a cameo appearance as a hotel bellhop. At the drive-in, Pee-wee gives refreshments to all the people he met along his journey. Pee-wee also encounters Francis, who tells reporters that he is Pee-wee's best friend who taught him how to ride. Francis claims to be knowledgeable about Pee-wee's bike, but accidentally catapults himself into the air using one of the bicycle's gadgets. As Pee-wee leaves the drive-in, Dottie asks why he is not staying for the rest of the movie. Pee-wee answers, "I don't have to see it, Dottie. I lived it." He and Dottie then ride off together at the movie screen in silhouette.
Cast[edit]
Paul Reubens as Pee-wee Herman (billed "Pee-wee Herman as himself"). He sports a gray flannel suit with a red bow tie and close-cropped hair.
Elizabeth Daily as Dottie
Mark Holton as Francis Buxton
Diane Salinger as Simone
Lynne Marie as "Mother Superior" in Kevin Morton's film
John Paragon as Man in Red Armor
Judd Omen as Mickey Morelli
Alice Nunn as Large Marge, the ghost of a truck driver who describes her own death in a traffic accident. The fabrication and animation for Large Marge's transformation was provided by The Chiodo Brothers.
Phil Hartman as Reporter
Jon Harris as Andy
Carmen Filpi as Jack
Jan Hooks as Tina, a tour guide at the Alamo.
Jason Hervey as Kevin Morton
Tony Bill as Terry Hawthorne, an executive at Warner Bros.
Cleve Hall as Godzilla, also cameos as a Satan's Helpers Biker Gang member.
Michael Varhol who co-wrote the script with Reubens and Hartman cameos as a photographer. Director Tim Burton has an uncredited cameo[citation needed] as the street thug who confronts Pee-wee in a rainy back-alley. Other minor roles include Ed Herlihy as Mr. Buxton and Cassandra Peterson (a.k.a. Elvira, Mistress of the Dark) as the Biker Mama of Satan's Helpers. James Brolin portrays "P.W. Herman" and Morgan Fairchild is Dottie in the in-movie production about Pee-wee's life. Heavy metal band Twisted Sister, and veteran comedy star Milton Berle cameo as themselves.
Pee-wee's Big Adventure contains numerous "conceptual continuity" links to other Tim Burton films and other productions:
Several cast members from The Pee-wee Herman Show (who would go on to appear in Pee-wee's Playhouse) have cameo roles in the film. John Moody (Mailman Mike in The Pee-wee Herman Show) appears as the bus clerk, in the movie studio sequence, Lynne Marie Stewart (Miss Yvonne) plays the Mother Superior, John Paragon (Jambi the Genie) plays the high-voiced studio extra in red armor from whom Pee-wee asks directions and the reporter interviewing Francis in the final scene at the drive-in is played by Phil Hartman (Cap'n Carl).
Jan Hooks (who played Tina) was a fellow member of The Groundlings comedy troupe with Reubens, Hartman and Paragon, and went on to co-star in Saturday Night Live with Hartman. She also had a cameo role as a publicist in Burton's Batman Returns.
Paul Reubens and Diane Salinger (Simone) were reunited in the opening sequence of Burton's Batman Returns, in which they portrayed the parents of the Penguin. They would reunite again in Pee-wee's Big Holiday.
Supporting actors Monte Landis (Mario) and Lou Cutell (Amazing Larry), who appeared together in a deleted scene in Mario's Magic Shop,[citation needed] had both appeared as extras in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein.
In the Warner Bros. studio chase sequence, Pee-wee rides through a set where a Japanese crew are filming a Godzilla movie.
The full chase sequence through Warner Bros Studios was originally longer than the version in the final cut of the film and showed much more of the WB backlot, including the vast storage yard where props and set pieces were stored.[citation needed] A full-scale prop of a Visitor shuttlecraft from the original TV miniseries V (1983) is clearly visible in the foreground in one shot. Another deleted scene in this section was filmed on the WB "Western town" set.[citation needed] Ennio Morricone's theme music from the score of The Good, the Bad and the Ugly was to be used in that sequence.[citation needed]
Production[edit]
One of the prop bicycles used in Pee-wee's Big Adventure on display in the Bicycle exhibit at the Carnegie Science Center
The success of The Pee-wee Herman Show prompted Warner Bros. to hire Paul Reubens to write a script for a full-length Pee-wee Herman film. Reubens' original idea was to do a remake of Pollyanna with Pee-wee Herman in the Hayley Mills role. Reubens claims that Pollyanna is his favorite film. Halfway through writing the script, Reubens noticed everyone at Warner Brothers had a bike to get around the backlot, and so he requested one of his own. This inspired Reubens to start on a new script.[4]
Having left The Walt Disney Company and with Frankenweenie receiving positive reviews within film studios, Tim Burton was looking for a full-length film to direct. When Reubens and the producers of Pee-wee's Big Adventure saw Burton's work on Vincent and Frankenweenie, they decided to hire Burton for their film.[5] Burton felt he connected with Reubens' personality and the humor of the Pee-wee Herman Show.[6] After hiring Burton to direct, Reubens, Phil Hartman and Michael Varhol reworked the script again.[7]
Filming locations included Glendale, Pomona, Santa Clarita, Santa Monica, Burbank, Cabazon (at the Cabazon Dinosaurs[8]), Port Hueneme, California, and San Antonio, Texas.[9] Burton and Reubens had tensions with Warner Bros. studio executives over the shooting schedule.[10] Burton hired CalArts classmate Rick Heinrichs for scenes involving stop-motion animation.[10]
Soundtrack[edit]
Pee-wee's Big Adventure
Film score by Danny Elfman
Released
1985
Danny Elfman chronology
Forbidden Zone
(1980)Forbidden Zone1980 Pee-wee's Big Adventure
(1985) Beetlejuice
(1988)Beetlejuice1988
To compose the film score, Burton brought in Danny Elfman, who had previously composed the music for Forbidden Zone.[11] He relished the opportunity to compose an orchestral score rather than a pop score and wanted to it to be taken as the work of a composer rather than the dabbling of a pop musician.[12] Elfman already had the main title theme written before he signed on.[13] At the time, Elfman was the lead singer of Oingo Boingo, but the working relationship between Burton and Elfman would overshadow his performing life and continue for most of Burton's films.[11][14]
In 1986 Varese Sarabande released an album on record, cassette and compact disc featuring cues from the movie and 1986's Back to School, also scored by Elfman. While both films had their scores recorded in Hollywood, the album recording was made in London and performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by John Coleman. In 2010 many of the original tracks were subsequently released by Warner Bros. Records as part of The Danny Elfman & Tim Burton 25th Anniversary Music Box.
1986 re-recording, Pee-wee's Big Adventure tracks only
No.
Title
Length
1. "Overture/The Big Race" 3:07
2. "Breakfast Machine" 2:36
3. "Park Ride" 1:14
4. "Stolen Bike" 1:44
5. "Hitchhike" 0:56
6. "Dinosaur Dream" 0:48
7. "Simone's Theme" 1:35
8. "Clown Dream" 1:58
9. "Studio Chase" 1:24
10. "The Drive-In" 2:02
11. "Finale" 3:12
The Danny Elfman & Tim Burton 25th Anniversary Box (Disc 1)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Main Title/Bike Race" 2:54
2. "The Breakfast Machine" 2:40
3. "The Bike" 1:42
4. "The Park Ride" 1:19
5. "The Mall" 1:12
6. "Music Shop And Beyond" 1:05
7. "Stolen Bike/Lonely Walk" 1:42
8. "Francis' House" 0:34
9. "The Bath" 1:32
10. "The Basement" 2:14
11. "Hitch Hike" 0:57
12. "Edsel Over the Edge" 1:21
13. "Simone's Theme" 1:37
14. "Dinosaur Dream" 0:49
15. "Andy Chase" 0:51
16. "Alamo" 0:19
17. "Bus Station/Simone" 1:04
18. "Clown Dream" 2:00
19. "Studio Chase" 1:25
20. "Pet Shop" 2:11
21. "The Drive-In" 2:04
22. "Finale" 3:07
23. "Large Marge" 0:52
24. "The Fork" 0:27
25. "Rain/Fortune" 1:39
26. "Andy Chase 2" 0:26
27. "Cowboy Pee-wee" 0:33
28. "Andy & the Bull" 0:26
29. "Stolen Bike/Lonely Walk (Film Version)" 1:40
30. "Hitch Hike (Film Version)" 0:57
31. "Simone (Film Version)" 2:09
32. "Dino Dreams (Film Version)" 0:47
33. "Studio Chase (Film Version)" 3:58
"Clown Dream" is also used in the video game Grand Theft Auto V. It is also often used as the opening music during Primus concerts.
The film also features "Burn in Hell" by Twisted Sister and "Tequila" by The Champs.
Reception[edit]
Pee-wee's Big Adventure opened on August 9, 1985 in the United States in 829 theaters, accumulating $4,545,847 over its opening weekend. The film went on to gross $40,940,662 domestically.[15]
Critical response[edit]
Pee-wee's Big Adventure received generally positive reviews at the time of the film's release,[16] before eventually developing into a cult film.[16] As of March 2017, Rotten Tomatoes reported that 89% of 44 critics gave the film a positive review.[17] By comparison Metacritic calculated an average score of 47 from 13 reviews collected.[18] The film was nominated with a Young Artist Award for Best Family Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical).[19]
Christopher Null gave positive feedback, calling it "Burton's strangest film."[20] Variety compared Paul Reubens to Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton,[21] while Empire called the film "a one-comic masterpiece" and "a dazzling debut" for Burton.[22] Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com explained "Everything about Pee-wee's Big Adventure, from its toy-box colors to its superb, hyper-animated Danny Elfman score to the butch-waxed hairdo and wooden-puppet walk of its star and mastermind is pure pleasure."[23] Burton was offered the opportunity to direct Big Top Pee-wee,[24] but had no interest and was already working on his own pet project, Beetlejuice. Positive reviews of Beetlejuice and the financial success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure prompted Warner Bros. to offer Burton the director's helm for Batman.[25]
Roger Ebert never officially reviewed Pee-wee's Big Adventure but in 1987 it topped his list of Guilty Pleasures and he did mention it in his review of Big Top Pee-wee, saying the sequel was not as magical as the first.[26] The second paragraph of that review contrasted the two films explaining what he liked in Big Adventure that he didn't like in Big Top. Gene Siskel, however, gave Pee-wee's Big Adventure a negative review and even called it one of the worst movies of 1985.
Warner Home Video released Pee-wee's Big Adventure on DVD in May 2000. The release included audio commentary by Tim Burton, Paul Reubens and Danny Elfman as well as deleted scenes.[27]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure (U)". British Board of Film Classification. April 14, 1987. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985)". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Retrieved 2008-04-06.
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/108024/Paul-Reubens
Jump up ^ Paul Reubens, Tim Burton, audio commentary, 2000, Warner Bros.
Jump up ^ Mark Salisbury, Tim Burton (2006). Burton on Burton. Faber and Faber. p. 42. ISBN 0-571-22926-3.
Jump up ^ Salisbury, Burton, p.43–4
Jump up ^ Salisbury, Burton, p.47
Jump up ^ Famous Movie Locations: Wheel Inn Restaurant from Pee-wee's Big Adventure (Cabazon, California), by Kim Potts, Aug 10, 2010, Moviefone. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
Jump up ^ "Filming locations of Pee-wee's Big Adventure". Platial. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Salisbury, Burton, p.49
^ Jump up to: a b Salisbury, Burton, p.48
Jump up ^ Fanfare Article
Jump up ^ Danny Elfman, audio commentary, 2000, Warner Bros.
Jump up ^ excluding Ed Wood and Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985)". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Retrieved 2008-04-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Salisbury, Burton, p.50
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985): Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
Jump up ^ "PAwards for Pee-wee's Big Adventure". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
Jump up ^ Christopher Null (2005-06-13). "Pee-wee's Big Adventure". FilmCritic.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure". Variety. Reed Business Information. 1985-01-01. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
Jump up ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (10 October 2000). "Pee-wee's Big Adventure". Salon.com. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
Jump up ^ Salisbury & Burton 2006, p. 52
Jump up ^ Tim Burton, Batman audio commentary, 2005, Warner Bros.
Jump up ^ http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/big-top-pee-wee-1988
Jump up ^ "Pee-wee's Big Adventure (Widescreen) (1985)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Pee-wee's Big Adventure
Pee-wee's Big Adventure on IMDb
Pee-wee's Big Adventure at the TCM Movie Database
Pee-wee's Big Adventure at AllMovie
Pee-wee's Big Adventure at Rotten Tomatoes
Pee-wee's Big Adventure at Box Office Mojo
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