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New Hampshire primary
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Saint Anselm College Quad with the "Fox-Box", from which the Fox News network reported live during the 2004 and 2008 New Hampshire primary
Historical marker in Concord on the significance of the New Hampshire primary
The Balsams Grand Resort Hotel in Dixville Notch, the site of the first "midnight vote" in the New Hampshire primary
The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide party primary elections and the second party contest (the first being the Iowa Caucuses) held in the United States every four years as part of the process of choosing the delegates to the Democratic and Republican national conventions which choose the party nominees for the presidential elections to be held the subsequent November. Although only a few delegates are chosen in the New Hampshire primary, its real importance comes from the massive media coverage it receives (along with the first caucus in Iowa). Spurred by the events of the 1968 election, reforms that began with the 1972 election elevated the two states' importance to the overall election,[1][2] and began to receive as much media attention as all other state contests combined.[3] Examples of this extraordinary coverage have been seen on the campuses of Dartmouth College and Saint Anselm College, as the colleges have held multiple national debates and have attracted media outlets like NPR, Fox News, CNN, NBC, and ABC. The publicity and momentum can be enormous from a decisive win by a frontrunner, or better-than-expected result in the New Hampshire primary. The upset or weak showing by a front-runner changes the calculus of national politics in a matter of hours, as happened in 1952 (D), 1968 (D), 1980 (R), and 2008 (D).
Since 1952, the primary has been a major testing ground for candidates for both the Republican and Democratic nominations. Candidates who do poorly frequently drop out, while lesser-known, underfunded candidates who do well in New Hampshire suddenly become serious contenders, garnering large amounts of media attention and campaign funding.
It is not a closed primary, in which votes can be cast in a party primary only by people registered with that party, in that state. Undeclared voters—those not registered with any party—can vote in either party primary. However, it does not meet a common definition of an open primary, because people registered as Republican or Democratic on voting day cannot cast ballots in the primary of the other party.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Timing
2 Significance
3 History
3.1 1968
3.2 1992
3.3 2000
3.4 2008
3.5 2016
4 Winners and runners-up
4.1 Presidential results
4.1.1 Democrats
4.1.2 Republicans
4.1.3 Libertarians
4.2 Vice-Presidential results
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Timing[edit]
New Hampshire state law[5] stipulates that the presidential primary shall be on the second Tuesday in March (the date when town meetings and non-partisan municipal elections are traditionally held), but that the Secretary of State can change the date to ensure that the New Hampshire primary will take place at least seven days before any "similar election" in any other state. The Iowa caucuses are not considered to be a similar election. In recent election cycles, the New Hampshire primary has taken place the week after the Iowa caucus.
The community of Dixville Notch traditionally opens its polling place in the ballroom of The Balsams Grand Resort Hotel at midnight, usually in front of a crowd of journalists, where the village's handful of voters cast their ballots before the polls close about less than ten minutes later.[6] This has led many presidential candidates to visit the area before the New Hampshire primary in hopes of securing an early-morning boost.[7]
New Hampshire's first-in-the-nation primary status was threatened in 2007, when both the Republican and Democratic National Committees moved to give more populous states a bigger influence in the presidential race.[8]
Several states also sought to move up the dates of their 2008 primaries in order to have more influence and dilute the power of the New Hampshire primary.[9] Originally held in March, the date of the New Hampshire primary has been moved up repeatedly to maintain its status as first. The 2008 primary was held on January 8.
Significance[edit]
There is consensus among scholars and pundits that the New Hampshire primary, because of the timing and the vast media attention, can have a great impact and may even make, break or revive a candidate.[10] Controlling for other factors statistically, a win in New Hampshire increases a candidate's share of the final primary count in all states by 27 percentage points.[11]
Since 1977, New Hampshire has fought hard to keep its timing as the first primary (while Iowa has the first caucus a few days sooner). State law requires that its primary must be the first in the nation (it had been the first by tradition since 1920).[12] As a result, the state has moved its primary earlier in the year to remain the first. The primary was held on the following dates: 1952-1968, second Tuesday in March; 1972, first Tuesday in March; 1976–1984, fourth Tuesday in February; 1988–1996, third Tuesday in February; 2000, first Tuesday in February (February 1); 2004, fourth Tuesday in January (January 27). The shifts have been to compete with changing primary dates in other states. The primary dates for 2008 (January 8) and 2012 (January 10) continued the trend - they were held the second Tuesday in January both years.
Before the Iowa caucus first received national attention in the 1970s (Republicans began caucusing in Iowa in 1976), the New Hampshire primary was the first binding indication of which presidential candidate would receive the party nomination. In defense of their primary, voters of New Hampshire have tended to downplay the importance of the Iowa caucus. "The people of Iowa pick corn, the people of New Hampshire pick presidents," said then-Governor John H. Sununu in 1988.[13]
Since then, the primary has been considered an early measurement of the national attitude toward the candidates for nomination. Unlike a caucus, the primary measures the number of votes each candidate received directly, rather than through precinct delegates. The popular vote gives lesser-known candidates a chance to demonstrate their appeal to the electorate at large.
Unlike most other states, New Hampshire permits voters who have not declared their party affiliation to vote in a party's primary. A voter does have to officially join a specific political party before voting; however, the voter can change his or her affiliation back to "Undeclared" immediately after voting, and hence he or she only has to belong to a party for the few minutes it takes to fill out and cast a ballot. Voters who are already registered members of a political party cannot change their affiliation at the polling place; that can only be done before the checklist is closed several weeks prior to the election. New voters can, however, register at the polling place.[4] All voting is done with paper ballots; however, most of the paper ballots are counted by machine.
New Hampshire's status as the first in the nation is somewhat controversial among Democrats because the ethnic makeup of the state is not diverse and not representative of the country's voters.[14] This is shown in the 2010 Census data, with the percentage of minority residents being nearly five times smaller than the national average (New Hampshire is 92% non-Hispanic white, versus 64% nationally).[15] Politically however, the state does offer a wide sampling of different types of voters. Although it is a New England state, it is not as liberal as some of its neighbors. For example, according to one exit poll, of those who participated in the 2004 Democratic primary, 4-in-10 voters were independents, and just over 50% said they considered themselves "liberal". Additionally, as of 2002, 25.6% of New Hampshire residents are registered Democrats and 36.7% are Republicans, with 37.7% of New Hampshire voters registered as "undeclared" independents. Also, New Hampshire was the only state in the Northeast to vote for George W. Bush in 2000. This plurality of independents is a major reason why New Hampshire is considered a swing state in general U.S. presidential elections.
Recently, media expectations for the New Hampshire primary have come to be almost as important as the results themselves; meeting or beating expectations can provide a candidate with national attention, often leading to an infusion of donations to a campaign that has spent most of its reserves. For example, in 1992, Bill Clinton, although he did not win, did surprisingly well, with his team dubbing him the "Comeback Kid"; the extra media attention helped his campaign's visibility in later primaries.[16]
New Hampshire's political importance as the first-in-the-nation primary state is highlighted in the documentary film Winning New Hampshire. The film focuses on John Kerry's comeback in 2004 and the decisive effect of the New Hampshire primary on the presidential selection process.
The most recent presidential election winner, Donald Trump, won the New Hampshire primary, while the three before that (Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama) finished second in the New Hampshire primary before later being elected to the presidency, and the previous four before that won the New Hampshire primary.
History[edit]
New Hampshire has held a presidential primary since 1916, but it did not begin to assume its current importance until 1952. This was after the state simplified its ballot access laws in 1949 seeking to boost voter turnout. Dwight D. Eisenhower demonstrated his broad voter appeal by defeating Robert A. Taft, "Mr. Republican", who had been favored for the nomination, and Estes Kefauver defeated incumbent President Harry S. Truman, leading Truman to abandon his campaign for a second term of his own. The other president to be forced out of the running for re-election by New Hampshire voters was Lyndon Johnson, who, as a write-in candidate, managed only a 49-42 percent victory over Eugene McCarthy in 1968 (and won fewer delegates than McCarthy), and consequently withdrew from the race.[17]
The winner in New Hampshire has not always gone on to win their party's nomination, as demonstrated by Republicans Leonard Wood in 1920, Harold Stassen in 1948[citation needed], Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. as a write-in candidate in 1964, Pat Buchanan in 1996, and John McCain in 2000, and Democrats Estes Kefauver in 1952 and 1956, Paul Tsongas in 1992, Hillary Clinton in 2008, and Bernie Sanders in 2016..[citation needed]
From 1952 to 1988, the person elected president had always carried the primary, but Bill Clinton broke the pattern in 1992, as did George W. Bush in 2000, and Barack Obama in 2008. In 1992, Clinton lost to Paul Tsongas in New Hampshire; in 2000, George W. Bush lost to John McCain in New Hampshire; and in 2008 Barack Obama lost to Hillary Clinton in the New Hampshire primary.[citation needed]
1968[edit]
In November 1967, McCarthy declared, "there comes a time when an honorable man simply has to raise the flag" to gauge the country's response and conduct a candidacy for the presidency of the United States by entering the New Hampshire Democratic primary. On March 12, 1968, McCarthy, who was the only candidate on the ballot, came within 7 percentage points of defeating President Lyndon Johnson, a write-in candidate who was technically still exploring his candidacy and had not bothered to file. Just a few days later, on March 16, 1968, Robert F. Kennedy announced he was entering the race for President. Johnson subsequently withdrew from the election with this Shermanesque statement: "I shall not seek, and will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president."[citation needed]
One minor candidate in the Republican primary was William W. Evans, Jr., a former New Jersey State Assemblyman, who received just 151 votes statewide.[18]
The 1968 New Hampshire Democratic primary was one of the crucial events in the politics of that landmark year in United States history. Senator Eugene McCarthy began his campaign with a poem that he wrote in imitation of the poet Robert Lowell, "Are you running with me Jesus":
I'm not matching my stride
With Billy Graham's by the Clyde
I'm not going for distance
With the Senator's persistence
I'm not trying to win a race
even at George Romney's pace.
I'm an existential runner,
Indifferent to space
I'm running here in place ...
Are you with me Jesus?[19]
1992[edit]
Bill Clinton was able to declare himself the "Comeback Kid" after posting a surprise second-place finish behind Paul Tsongas in the Democratic primary. Clinton's support had been flagging for weeks since being hit by allegations of infidelity with actress Gennifer Flowers. On the Republican side, Pat Buchanan garnered an unexpected 37% showing behind incumbent President George H. W. Bush. Buchanan did not win a single state, but revealed some doubts about the moderate president among conservative voters.[citation needed]
2000[edit]
George W. Bush's campaign, which for months had dominated in polling, money and endorsements on the Republican side, suffered a blow when John McCain, who had been surging in late polls, ended up beating the governor in the Granite State by more than 18 points. The result forecast a tough two-man race for the GOP nomination, which would carry on until Super Tuesday in March. Al Gore helped himself with a narrow win in the Democratic primary, which somewhat assuaged his supporters' concerns about Bill Bradley's insurgent campaign.[citation needed]
2008[edit]
Hillary Clinton managed an upset win over Barack Obama in New Hampshire, despite polls showing her as much as 13 points behind in the run-up to the vote.[20] The win helped Clinton get back some of the momentum she lost the week before when Obama carried the Iowa caucuses—though Obama did eventually win the Democratic nomination. John McCain won the Republican primary, sparking an unexpected comeback for the senator whose long-shot campaign had been written off as a lost cause months before.[citation needed] He went on to win the GOP nomination.
2016[edit]
Bernie Sanders defeated Hillary Clinton by 22 points. Sanders claimed 151,584 votes in total, earning him 15 delegates, while Clinton managed 95,252 votes with 9 delegates.[21] Together with Donald Trump's double-digit win in the GOP race, the primary results revealed voter frustrations with mainstream "establishment" politicians.[22]
Winners and runners-up[edit]
Presidential results[edit]
Notes: Winner is listed first. Candidates in bold went on to win their party's nomination.
Democrats[edit]
Primary date
Winner
Runners-up
February 9, 2016 Senator Bernie Sanders (60.40%) Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (37.95%)[23]
January 10, 2012 President Barack Obama (80.91%) No other candidate received 4%[24]
January 8, 2008 Senator Hillary Clinton (39.09%) Senator Barack Obama (36.45%), former Senator John Edwards (16.93%), Governor Bill Richardson (4.61%), Congressman Dennis Kucinich (1.36%), Senator Joe Biden (0.22%), Governor Mitt Romney (0.21%), and former Senator Mike Gravel (0.14%)[25]
January 27, 2004 Senator John Kerry (38.39%) Former Governor Howard B. Dean III (26.28%), General Wesley K. Clark (12.43%), Senator John Edwards (12.05%), Senator Joseph I. Lieberman (8.60%), Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich (1.42%), Congressman Dick Gephardt (0.19%) and Reverend Al Sharpton (0.16%)[26]
February 1, 2000 Vice President Al Gore (49.74%) Former Senator Bill Bradley (45.60%)[27]
February 20, 1996 President Bill Clinton (84.37%) The next closest candidate was write-in choice Republican Patrick J. "Pat" Buchanan (3.68%)[28]
February 18, 1992 Senator Paul Tsongas (33.20%) Governor Bill Clinton (24.78%), Senator Bob Kerrey (11.08%), Senator Tom Harkin (10.18%), former Governor Jerry Brown (8.15%)[29]
February 16, 1988 Governor Michael Dukakis (35.89%) Congressman Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt (19.94%), Senator Paul Simon (17.16%), Reverend Jesse L. Jackson (7.82%), Senator Al Gore (6.83%), Governor Bruce Babbitt (4.59%), and former Senator Gary Hart (3.98%)[30]
February 28, 1984 Senator Gary Hart (39.28%) Former Vice President Walter Mondale (29.35%), Senator John Glenn (12.49%), Reverend Jesse L. Jackson (5.53%), former Senator George McGovern (5.43%), President Ronald Reagan (5.27%), and Senator Ernest "Fritz" Hollings (3.73%)[31]
February 26, 1980 President Jimmy Carter (47.61%) Senator Edward Kennedy (37.69%) and Governor Jerry Brown (9.68%)[32]
February 24, 1976 Governor Jimmy Carter (28.57%) Congressman Mo Udall (22.87%), Senator Birch Bayh (15.29%), former Senator Fred R. Harris (10.83%), and former Ambassador R. Sargent Shriver (8.24%)[33]
March 7, 1972 Senator Edmund Muskie (46.40%) Senator George McGovern (37.15%), Mayor Samuel William Yorty (6.078%), Congressman Wilbur Mills (4.01%) and Senator Vance Hartke (2.72%)[34]
March 12, 1968 President Lyndon B. Johnson (49.80%) Senator Eugene McCarthy (42.10%), former Vice President Richard Nixon (4.58%)[35]
March 10, 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson (95.26%) Only Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (1.58%) received more than 1% of the vote.[36]
March 8, 1960 Senator John F. Kennedy (85.21%) Businessman Paul C. Fisher (13.46%)[37]
March 13, 1956 Senator Estes Kefauver (84.61%) Former Governor Adlai Stevenson (14.84%)[38]
March 11, 1952 Senator Estes Kefauver (54.62%) President Harry S. Truman (43.93%)[39]
1948: All delegates elected (except for one alternate) were pledged to President Harry Truman[40]
1944: All delegates elected were pledged to President Franklin D. Roosevelt[41]
1940: All delegates and alternates were pledged to President Roosevelt[42]
1936: All delegates and alternates elected were pledged to President Roosevelt[43]
1932: All delegates and alternates elected were pledged to Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt[44]
1928: All delegate candidates ran unpledged[45]
1924: All delegate candidates ran unpledged[46]
1920: Of the eight delegates elected three were pledged to former U.S. Food Administrator Herbert Hoover; the rest were unpledged[47]
1916: Six of the eight delegates elected were pledged to President Woodrow Wilson, the other two were unpledged[48]
* - write-in candidate
Republicans[edit]
Primary date
Winner
Runners-Up
February 9, 2016 Donald Trump (35.34%) Governor John Kasich (15.81%), Senator Ted Cruz (11.68%), former Governor Jeb Bush (11.02%), Senator Marco Rubio (10.57%), Governor Chris Christie (7.42%), businesswoman Carly Fiorina (4.12%), retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson (2.29%), former Governor Jim Gilmore (0.05%)
January 10, 2012 Former Governor Mitt Romney (39.26%) Congressman Ron Paul (22.89%), Governor Jon Huntsman (16.89%), Senator Rick Santorum (9.43%), former Speaker Newt Gingrich (9.43%), Governor Rick Perry (0.71%)[49]
January 8, 2008 Senator John McCain (37.00%) Former Governor Mitt Romney (31.55%), former Governor Mike Huckabee (11.23%), former Mayor Rudy Giuliani (8.48%), Congressman Ron Paul (7.65%), former Senator Fred Thompson (1.23%), Senator Barack Obama (0.83%), Senator Hillary Clinton (0.76%), Congressman Duncan Hunter (0.50%)[50]
January 27, 2004 President George W. Bush (80.96%) No other candidate received 5%[51]
February 1, 2000 Senator John McCain (48.59%) Governor George W. Bush (30.39%), Malcolm S. "Steve" Forbes, Jr. (12.68%) and former Ambassador Alan Keyes (6.38%)[52]
February 20, 1996 Pat Buchanan (27.26%) Senator Bob Dole (26.23%), Governor A. Lamar Alexander (22.60%), Steve Forbes (12.24%), Senator Richard G. "Dick" Lugar (5.19%), former Ambassador Alan Keyes (2.67%) and Morry Taylor (1.4%)[53]
February 18, 1992 President George H. W. Bush (53.19%) Patrick J. "Pat" Buchanan (37.53%)[29]
February 16, 1988 Vice President George H. W. Bush (37.70%) Senator Bob Dole (28.48%), Congressman Jack F. Kemp, Jr. (12.79%), former Governor Pierre S. "Pete" du Pont IV (10.10%), and Reverend Marion G. "Pat" Robertson (9.40%)[54]
February 28, 1984 President Ronald Reagan (86.42%) Only Democrat Gary Hart (5.27%) and former Governor Harold E. Stassen (2.06%) also polled more than 2%[31]
February 26, 1980 Former Governor Ronald Reagan (49.86%) Ambassador George H. W. Bush (22.94%), Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr. (12.98%), Congressman John B. Anderson (9.91%), Congressman Philip M. "Phil" Crane (1.80%), Governor John B. Connally (1.54%) and Senator Bob Dole (0.42%)[32]
February 24, 1976 President Gerald R. Ford (50.06%) Former Governor Ronald Reagan (48.62%)[33]
March 7, 1972 President Richard Nixon (67.61%) Congressman Paul N. "Pete" McCloskey, Jr. (19.79%) and Congressman John M. Ashbrook (9.69%)[55]
March 12, 1968 Former Vice President Richard Nixon (77.61%) Governor Nelson Rockefeller (10.82%), Senator Eugene McCarthy (5.30%), President Lyndon B. Johnson (1.71%), Governor George Romney (1.68%)[56]
March 10, 1964 Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.* (35.54%) Senator Barry M. Goldwater (22.28%), Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller (21.99%), and former Vice President Richard Nixon (16.78%)[57]
March 8, 1960 Vice President Richard Nixon (89.28%) The next highest candidate was Governor Nelson Rockefeller (3.76%)[58]
March 13, 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower (94.11%) Of the more than 57,000 GOP votes cast only 600 were not for Eisenhower[59]
March 11, 1952 General Dwight D. Eisenhower (56.31%) Senator Robert A. Taft (31,18%), former Governor Harold E. Stassen (7.93%) and General Douglas MacArthur (3.89%)[60]
* - write-in candidate
1948: Of the eight delegates elected, two were pledged to Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the remainder were unpledged; four of the alternate delegates were also pledged to Governor Dewey[61]
1944: Two of the 11 delegates elected were pledged to Governor Dewey, the rest were unpledged[62]
1940: All eight delegates elected (and all alternates) were unpledged[63]
1936: All delegates and alternates were unpledged[64]
1932: All delegates and alternates elected were pledged to President Herbert Hoover[44]
1928: All delegate candidates ran unpledged[45]
1924: All delegate candidates ran unpledged[65]
1920: All eight elected delegates were pledged to General Leonard Wood; one of the defeated delegates had been pledged to Governor Hiram Johnson[47]
1916: Of the eight delegates elected only one was formally pledged (to former President Theodore Roosevelt)[66]
Libertarians[edit]
Primary date
Winner
Runners-Up
February 26, 1996 Investment analyst Harry Browne (35.00%) Tax protester Irwin Schiff (18.33%)[28]
February 18, 1992 Former Alaska state representative Andre Marrou (100%) No other candidate received a vote[67]
Vice-Presidential results[edit]
A Vice-Presidential preference primary was also formerly held at the New Hampshire primary. New Hampshire State Senator Jack Barnes, who won the 2008 Republican contest, co-sponsored a bill in 2009 which would eliminate the Vice Presidential preference ballot. The bill passed both houses of the state legislature and took effect in 2012.[68]
The only time a non-incumbent won the Vice Presidential primary and then went on to be formally nominated by his or her party was in 2004, when Democratic U.S. Senator John Edwards won as a write-in candidate. Edwards, who was running for President at the time, did not actively solicit Vice Presidential votes.
In 1968, the sitting Vice President Hubert Humphrey won the Democratic Vice Presidential primary, and then later won the Presidential nomination after the sitting President Lyndon B. Johnson dropped out of the race.
The following candidates received the greatest number of votes at each election.
Year
Date
Republican
Democratic
Libertarian
2008 January 8 John Barnes, Jr.[69] Raymond Stebbins[70]
2004 January 27 Dick Cheney* John Edwards*
2000 February 1 William Bryk Wladislav D. Kubiak
1996 February 20 Colin Powell* Al Gore* Irwin Schiff*
1992 February 18 Herb Clark Jr. Endicott Peabody Nancy Lord*
1988 February 16 Wayne Green David Duke
1984 February 28 George Bush* Gerald Willis
1980 February 26 Jesse A. Helms Walter Mondale*
1976 February 24 Wallace Johnson Auburn Lee Packwood
1972 March 7 Spiro Agnew* Jorge Almeyda*
1968 March 12 Austin Burton Hubert Humphrey*
1964 March 10 Richard Nixon* Robert Kennedy*
1960 March 8 Wesley Powell* Wesley Powell*
1956 March 13 Richard Nixon* Adlai Stevenson*
1952 March 11 Styles Bridges* Estes Kefauver*
* - write-in candidate
Sources: New Hampshire Department of State, New Hampshire Political Library
See also[edit]
United States presidential primary
United States presidential election
United States presidential election debates
United States presidential nominating convention
Electoral College (United States)
Early votes:
Ames Straw Poll, Iowa, on a Saturday in August prior to the election year, since 1979
Iowa caucuses, first official election-year event since 1972
Reform plans:
United States presidential primary reform proposals
Graduated Random Presidential Primary System
Delaware Plan
Rotating Regional Primary System
Interregional Primary Plan
National Primary
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nominations & Conventions: Current Practices: Iowa and New Hampshire". U.S. Political Conventions & Campaigns. Northeastern University. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rainey, Ryan (April 18, 2013). "Choosing the Nominee: How PresidentialPrimaries Came To Be and Their Future in American Politics". ScholarWorks at WMU, Western Michigan University.
Jump up ^ Richard M. Perloff, Political Communication: Politics, Press, and Public in America (1998) p. 294
^ Jump up to: a b Secretary of State of New Hampshire (n.d.). "How to register to vote in New Hampshire". Election Division, Secretary of State of New Hampshire. Archived from the original on 2008-01-16. Retrieved 2008-01-14. The term the state of New Hampshire uses for voters not affiliating with a party is "undeclared". See the section entitled "Political Parties" in the source.
Jump up ^ "Section 653:9 Presidential Primary Election". Gencourt.state.nh.us. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Two New Hampshire towns are fighting for the prestige of the 'midnight vote'". Washington Post. August 23, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The effort to save New Hampshire's midnight vote". CNN. February 3, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Election 2008: Presidential, Senate and House Races Updated Daily". Electoral-vote.com. 2000-12-31. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ Scala 2003
Jump up ^ Rebecca B. Morton, Learning by Voting: Sequential Choices in Presidential Primaries and Other Elections (2001) p. 24
Jump up ^ William G. Mayer, The Making of the Presidential Candidates 2004 pp. 106-7 online
Jump up ^ "CQ Politics - A History of U.S. Presidential Primaries: 1912-64". Cqpolitics.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Corn crack gets Gregg an earful". Retrieved 2008-01-06.
Jump up ^ Steven S. Smith, Reforming the Presidential Nomination Process (2009) p. 143
Jump up ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ David A. Hopkins, Presidential Elections: Strategies and Structures of American Politics (12th ed. 2007) p. 108
Jump up ^ "NH.gov - New Hampshire Almanac - First-in-the-Nation - Highlights". State.nh.us. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ Richardson, Darcy G. A Nation Divided: The 1968 Presidential Campaign.
Jump up ^ Society on the Run: A European View of Life Werner Peters page xi contribution by Senator Eugene McCarthy
Jump up ^ RealClearPolitics - Election 2008 - New Hampshire Democratic Primary. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
Jump up ^ "2016 full New Hampshire presidential primary election results". WMUR. Retrieved 2016-02-18.
Jump up ^ Healy, Patrick; Martin, Jonathan (February 9, 2016). "Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Win in New Hampshire Primary". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New Hampshire presidential primary". Associated Press. February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2013). "Presidential Primary, 2012". New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 182. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2009). "Presidential Primary, 2008". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 182. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2005). "Presidential Primary, 2004". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 170. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2001). "Presidential Primary, 2000". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 182. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1997). "Presidential Primary, 1996". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 184. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1993). "Presidential Primary, 1992". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 134–135. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1989). "Presidential Primary, 1988". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 132–133. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1985). "Presidential Primary, 1984". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 54. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1981). "Presidential Primary, 1980". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 42. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1977). "Presidential Primary, 1976". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 300–302. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1973). "Presidential Primary, 1972". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 328–329. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1969). "Presidential Primary, 1968". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 441. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1965). "Presidential Primary, 1964". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 428. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1961). "Presidential Primary, 1960". New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 382. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1957). "Presidential Primary, 1956". New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 421. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1953). "Presidential Primary, 1952". Manual of the General Court. p. 426publisher=New Hampshire Secretary of State. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1949). "Presidential Primary, 1948". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 339–341. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New York (1945). "Presidential Primary, 1944". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 320–321. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1941). "Presidential Primary, 1940". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 235–236. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1937). "Presidential Primary, 1936". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 93–95. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1933). "Primary Election, 1932". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 92–93. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1928). "Presidential Primary, 1928". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 198–199. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Stte of New Hampshire (1925). "Presidential Primary of 1924". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 98–99. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b State of New Hampshire (1921). "Presidential Primary, 1920". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 79. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1917). "Presidential Primary 1916". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 256. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2013). "Presidential Primary, 2012". New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 187–188. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2009). "Presidential Primary, 2008". New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 181–182. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2005). "Presidential Primary, 2004". New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 169–170. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (2001). "Presidential Primary, 2000". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 181. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1997). "Presidential Primary, 1996". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 183–184. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1989). "Presidential Primary, 1988". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 132. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1973). "Presidential Primary, 1972". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 306–307. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1969). "Manual for the Genera Court". New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 318–319. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1965). "Presidential Primary, 1964". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 284. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1961). "Presidential Primary, 1960". New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 284. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire. "Presidential Primaries, 1956". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 323. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1953). "Presidential Primary, 1952". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 307. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1949). "Presidential Primary, 1948". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 338–339. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New York (1945). "Presidential Primary, 1944". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 318–319. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1941). "Presidential Primary, 1940". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 234–235. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1937). "Presidential Primary, 1936". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. pp. 87–88. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Presidential Primary of 1924". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. 1925. pp. 97–98. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1917). "Presidential Primary 1916". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 267. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of New Hampshire (1993). "Presidential Primary, 1992". Manual for the General Court. New Hampshire Secretary of State. p. 183. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bill_Status". Gencourt.state.nh.us. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Presidential Primary Election January 8". Sos.nh.gov. 2008-01-08. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ "Presidential Primary Election January 8". Sos.nh.gov. 2008-01-08. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
References[edit]
New Hampshire presidential election statistics at CountingTheVotes.com
Winning New Hampshire, a film on the history and significance of the NH Primary, 2004
The New Hampshire Political Library
2004 primary results (CNN)
2000 primary results (CNN)
Meyerson, Harold (22 January 2004). "The Revenge of the Pols". Laweekly.com. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Local coverage of the primary from The Telegraph of Nashua, NH.
Local coverage of the primary from The Keene Sentinel of Keene, NH.
Social Media coverage of the New Hampshire by the Creepy Sleepy podcast
Radio Row Coverage of the New Hampshire Primary by the Talk Radio News Service and Ellen Ratner
Germond, Jack. "A Cold, Hard Look", Washingtonian, January 1, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-09.
External links[edit]
Booknotes interview with Dayton Duncan on Grass Roots: One Year in the Life of the New Hampshire Presidential Primary, March 31, 1991
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values: United States presidential elections in New Hampshire

values: United States presidential elections in New Jersey

values: United States presidential elections in New Mexico

values: United States presidential elections in New York

values: United States presidential elections in North Carolina

values: United States presidential elections in North Dakota

values: United States presidential elections in Ohio

values: United States presidential elections in Oklahoma

values: United States presidential elections in Oregon

values: List of United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania

values: United States presidential elections in Rhode Island

values: United States presidential elections in South Carolina

values: United States presidential elections in South Dakota

values: United States presidential elections in Tennessee

values: United States presidential elections in Texas

values: United States presidential elections in Utah

values: United States presidential elections in Vermont

values: United States presidential elections in Virginia

values: United States presidential elections in Washington

values: United States presidential elections in Washington, D.C.

values: United States presidential elections in West Virginia

values: United States presidential elections in Wisconsin

values: United States presidential elections in Wyoming

values: United States presidential election summary

values: United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote

values: List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin

values: List of United States presidential election results by state

values: Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections

values: List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College

values: List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin

values: Voter turnout in the United States presidential elections

values: List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans

values: Historical polling for U.S. Presidential elections

values: List of United States major party presidential tickets

values: List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States

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