text:
Louisville, Kentucky
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Louisville" and "Gateway to the South" redirect here. For other uses, see Louisville (disambiguation) and Gateway to the South (album).
City in Kentucky
Consolidated city-county in Kentucky, United States
Louisville, Kentucky
Consolidated city-county
Louisville/Jefferson County
Metro Government
From top: Louisville downtown skyline at night, Cathedral of the Assumption, Thunder Over Louisville fireworks during the Kentucky Derby Festival, Kentucky Derby, Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory, Fourth Street Live!, The Kentucky Center for the Performing Arts

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): Derby City, River City,[1] (The) Gateway to the South,[2] Falls City, The 'Ville[3]

highlighted portion of Jefferson County represents the “balance” population of Louisville. Also seen is the location of Louisville in the state of Kentucky.
Louisville
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 38°13.52′N 85°44.5′W / 38.22533°N 85.7417°W / 38.22533; -85.7417Coordinates: 38°13.52′N 85°44.5′W / 38.22533°N 85.7417°W / 38.22533; -85.7417
Country
United States
State
Kentucky
County
Jefferson
Established
1778[6]
Incorporated
1828[6]
Founded by
George Rogers Clark
Named for
Louis XVI
Government
• Type
Mayor–council
• Mayor
Greg Fischer (D)
• Metro Council
26 council members
Area[7]
• Consolidated city-county
397.68 sq mi (1,030 km2)
• Land
380.46 sq mi (985.4 km2)
• Water
17.23 sq mi (44.6 km2)
Elevation
466 ft (142 m)
Population (2017)
• Consolidated city-county
771,158[4] (consolidated)
621,349[5] (balance)
• Rank
US: 29th[d]
KY: 1st
• Density
1,924/sq mi (743.0/km2)
• Urban
972,546[b] (US: 43rd)
• Metro
1,293,953[8] (US: 45th[a])
• CSA
1,522,112 [8] (US: 35th[c])
• GMP
$67.3 billion (US: 48th)
Demonym(s)
Louisvillian
Time zone
UTC-5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)
UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code prefixes
major: 402xx
minor: 400xx, 401xx
Area code
502
FIPS code
21-48006
GNIS feature ID
0509453[9]
USDA hardiness zones
6b, 7a[10]
Interstates
Airports
Louisville International Airport, Bowman Field
Waterways
Ohio River, Beargrass Creek, Floyds Fork, Harrods Creek
Website
LouisvilleKy.gov
Louisville (/ˈluːəvəl/ ( listen) LOO-ə-vəl, /ˈluːivɪl/ ( listen) LOO-ee-vil, /ˈlʊvəl/ ( listen) LUUV-əl) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States.[d][5] It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being Lexington, the state's second-largest city.[e] Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County.
Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark, making it one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachian Mountains. It is named after King Louis XVI of France. Sited beside the Falls of the Ohio, the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, which grew into a 6,000-mile (9,700 km) system across 13 states. Today, the city is known as the home of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali, the Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), the University of Louisville and its Louisville Cardinals athletic teams, Louisville Slugger baseball bats, and three of Kentucky's six Fortune 500 companies.[12] Its main airport is also the site of United Parcel Service's worldwide air hub.
Since 2003, Louisville's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County, after a city-county merger.[13] The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government,[14] abbreviated to Louisville Metro.[15] Despite the merger and renaming, the term "Jefferson County" continues to be used in some contexts in reference to Louisville Metro, particularly including the incorporated cities outside the "balance" which make up Louisville proper. The city's total consolidated population as of the 2017 census estimate was 771,158.[4] However, the balance total of 621,349[5] excludes other incorporated places and semiautonomous towns within the county and is the population listed in most sources and national rankings.
The Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), sometimes also referred to as Kentuckiana,[16][17] includes Louisville-Jefferson County and 12 surrounding counties, seven in Kentucky and five in Southern Indiana. As of 2017, the MSA had a population of 1,293,953 ,[8] ranking 45th nationally.[a]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Early history and founding
1.2 19th century
1.3 20th and 21st centuries
2 Geography
2.1 Cityscape
2.2 Panoramic views
2.3 Climate
3 Demographics
3.1 Religion
4 Economy
5 Culture
5.1 Annual festivals and other events
5.2 Indie scene
5.3 Museums, galleries and interpretive centers
5.4 Performing arts
5.5 Sports
5.5.1 Current professional teams
6 Parks and outdoor attractions
7 Government and politics
7.1 Public safety and crime
8 Education
9 Media
10 Infrastructure
10.1 Transportation
10.2 Utilities
11 Notable people
12 Events
13 Sister cities
14 See also
15 Notes
16 References
17 Further reading
18 External links
History[edit]
Main articles: History of Louisville, Kentucky and Timeline of Louisville, Kentucky
See also: History of Kentucky and National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Kentucky
The history of Louisville spans hundreds of years, and has been influenced by the area's geography and location.
Early history and founding[edit]
Louisville's founder, George Rogers Clark
The rapids at the Falls of the Ohio created a barrier to river travel, and as a result, settlements grew up at this stopping point. The first European settlement in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on Corn Island in 1778 by Col. George Rogers Clark, credited as the founder of Louisville. Several landmarks in the community are named after him.[18]
Two years later, in 1780, the Virginia General Assembly approved the town charter of Louisville. The city was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France, whose soldiers were then aiding Americans in the Revolutionary War. Early residents lived in forts to protect themselves from Indian raids, but moved out by the late 1780s.[19] In 1803, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark organized their expedition across America in the town of Clarksville, Indiana at the present-day Falls of the Ohio opposite Louisville, Kentucky.[20][21]
19th century[edit]
See also: Louisville, Kentucky, in the American Civil War
View of Main Street Louisville in 1846
The city's early growth was influenced by the fact that river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had swelled to 7,000 and Louisville became an incorporated city. The city grew rapidly in its formative years.[22]
Early Louisville was a major shipping port and slaves worked in a variety of associated trades. The city was often a point of escape for slaves to the north, as Indiana was a free state.
During this point in the 1850s, the city was growing and vibrant, but that also came with negativity. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting, and transportation for numerous campaigns, especially in the Western Theater. By the year 1855, ethnic tension was arising. Nobody knew how far this would go, though. On August 6, 1855 "Bloody Monday" happened. Then by 1861, the civil war broke out.[23] During the Civil War, Louisville was a major stronghold of Union forces, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union. By the end of the war, Louisville had not been attacked, although skirmishes and battles, including the battles of Perryville and Corydon, took place nearby. After Reconstruction, returning Confederate veterans largely took political control of the city, leading to the jibe that Louisville joined the Confederacy after the war was over.
Churchill Downs in 1901
The first Kentucky Derby was held on May 17, 1875, at the Louisville Jockey Club track (later renamed Churchill Downs). The Derby was originally shepherded by Meriwether Lewis Clark, Jr., the grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and grandnephew of the city's founder George Rogers Clark. Horse racing had a strong tradition in Kentucky, whose Inner Bluegrass Region had been a center of breeding high-quality livestock throughout the 19th century. Ten thousand spectators watched the first Derby, which Aristides won.[24]
On March 27, 1890, the city was devastated and its downtown nearly destroyed when an F4 tornado tore through as part of the middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak. An estimated 74 to 120 people were killed.
20th and 21st centuries[edit]
In 1914, the City of Louisville passed a racially-based zoning residential zoning code, following Baltimore, Atlanta, and a handful of cities in the Carolinas.[25] The NAACP challenged the ordinance in two cases. Two weeks after the ordinance enacted, an African-American named Arthur Harris moved into a house on a block designated for whites. He was prosecuted and found guilty. The second case was planned to create a test case. William Warley, the president of the local chapter of the NAACP, tendered a purchase offer on a white block from Charles Buchanan, a white real estate agent. Warley also wrote a letter declaring his intention to build a house on that lot and reside there. With the understanding that the Louisville ordinance made it illegal for him to live there, Warley withheld payment, setting in motion a breach of contract suit by Buchanan.[26] By 1917 the US Supreme Court agreed to hear the case of Buchanan v. Warley. The court struck down the Louisville residential segregation ordinance, ruling that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.[27]
Throughout January 1937, 19.17 inches (48.7 cm) of rain fell in Louisville, and by January 27, the Ohio River crested at a record 57.15 feet (17.42 m), almost 30 feet (9.1 m) above flood stage. These events triggered the "Great Flood of 1937", which lasted into early February. The flood submerged 60–70% of the city, caused complete loss of power for four days, and forced the evacuation of 175,000 or 230,000 residents, depending on sources. Ninety people died as a result of the flood.[28][29] It led to dramatic changes in where residents lived. Today, the city is protected by numerous flood walls. After the flood, the areas of high elevation in the eastern part of the city had decades of residential growth.
Louisville was a center for factory war production during World War II. In May 1942, the U.S. government assigned the Curtiss-Wright Aircraft Company, a war plant located at Louisville's air field, for wartime aircraft production. The factory produced the C-46 Commando cargo plane, among other aircraft. In 1946, the factory was sold to International Harvester, which began large-scale production of tractors and agricultural equipment. In 1950, the Census Bureau reported Louisville's population as 84.3% white and 15.6% black.[30]
Similar to many other older American cities, Louisville began to experience a movement of people and businesses to the suburbs in the 1960s and 1970s. Middle class residents used newly built freeways and interstate highways to commute to work, moving into more distant but newer housing. Because of tax laws, businesses found it cheaper to build new rather than renovate older buildings. Economic changes included a decline in local manufacturing. The West End and older areas of the South End, in particular, began to decline economically as many local factories closed.
Entrance to the Fourth Street Live! entertainment complex in Louisville, featuring the marquee of the Hard Rock Cafe
In 1974, a major (F4) tornado hit Louisville as part of the 1974 Super Outbreak of tornadoes that struck 13 states. It covered 21 miles (34 km) and destroyed several hundred homes in the Louisville area. Only two people died.[31]
Since the 1980s, many of the city's urban neighborhoods have been revitalized into areas popular with young professionals and college students. The greatest change has occurred along the Bardstown Road/Baxter Avenue and Frankfort Avenue corridors as well as the Old Louisville neighborhood. In recent years, such change has also occurred in the East Market District (NuLu).
Since the late 1990s, Downtown has experienced significant residential, tourist and retail growth, including the addition of major sports complexes KFC Yum! Center and Louisville Slugger Field, conversion of waterfront industrial sites into Waterfront Park, openings of varied museums (see Museums, galleries and interpretive centers below), and the refurbishing of the former Galleria into the bustling entertainment complex Fourth Street Live!, which opened in 2004.
Geography[edit]
Main article: Geography of Louisville, Kentucky
Hilly terrain blankets the southwest part of the city
Louisville and Jefferson County have a combined area of 397.68 square miles (1,030.0 km2), of which 380.46 square miles (985.4 km2) is land and 17.23 square miles (44.6 km2) (4.33%) is covered by water.[7]
Louisville is southeasterly situated along the border between Kentucky and Indiana, the Ohio River, in north-central Kentucky at the Falls of the Ohio. Although situated in a Southern state, Louisville is influenced by both Southern and Midwestern culture. It is sometimes referred to as either one of the northernmost Southern cities or as one of the southernmost Northern cities in the United States.[32][33]
Louisville is located in Kentucky's outer Bluegrass region.[34] Its development has been influenced by its location on the Ohio River, which spurred Louisville's growth from an isolated camp site into a major shipping port. Much of the city is located on a very wide and flat floodplain surrounded by hill country on all sides. Much of the area was swampland that had to be drained as the city grew. In the 1840s, most creeks were rerouted or placed in canals to prevent flooding and disease outbreaks.
Areas generally east of I-65 are above the flood plain, and are composed of gently rolling hills. The southernmost parts of Jefferson County are in the scenic and largely undeveloped Knobs region, which is home to Jefferson Memorial Forest.
The Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), the 43rd largest in the United States,[a][8] includes the Kentucky county of Jefferson (coterminous with Louisville Metro), plus twelve outlying counties—seven in Kentucky and five in Southern Indiana. Louisville's MSA is included in the Louisville–Elizabethtown–Madison, KY–IN Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which also includes the Elizabethtown, KY MSA, as well as the Madison, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The Louisville area is near several other urban areas, especially Frankfort, Kentucky (the state's capital), Cincinnati, Ohio (the two cities' metropolitan statistical areas almost border each other), Lexington, Kentucky, and the Indianapolis, Indiana area (especially Columbus, Indiana, to the north of Southern Indiana).
Cityscape[edit]
Main article: Cityscape of Louisville, Kentucky
See also: Downtown Louisville; Neighborhoods in Louisville, Kentucky; List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area; and List of tallest buildings in Louisville
East Louisville's Highlands district, specifically, the Bonnycastle neighborhood.
The downtown business district of Louisville is located immediately south of the Ohio River and southeast of the Falls of the Ohio. Major roads extend outwards from the downtown area in all directions, like the spokes of a wheel. The airport is about 6.75 miles (10.86 km) south of the downtown area. The industrial sections of town are to the south and west of the airport, while most of the residential areas of the city are to the southwest, south, and east of downtown. In 2010, the 22,000-seat KFC Yum! Center was completed.[35][36] Twelve of the 15 buildings in Kentucky over 300 feet (91 m) are located in downtown Louisville.
Another primary business and industrial district is located in the suburban area east of the city on Hurstbourne Parkway.[37]
Louisville's late 19th- and early 20th-century development was spurred by three large suburban parks built at the edges of the city in 1890.
The city's architecture contains a blend of old and new. The Old Louisville neighborhood is the largest historic preservation district solely featuring Victorian homes and buildings in the United States;[38][39] it is also the third-largest such district overall. Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles. The reason that the Victorian style became so popular is because it began to emigrate. First to the colonies and then the British empire, then the world started to find out about how beautiful Victorian architecture seemed.[40] Many modern skyscrapers are located downtown, as well as older preserved structures, such as the Southern National Bank building. The buildings of West Main Street in downtown Louisville have the largest collection of cast iron facades of anywhere outside of New York's SoHo district.[41]
Werne's Row in Old Louisville
Broadway and 3rd Street in downtown Louisville
Since the mid-20th century, Louisville has in some ways been divided into three sides of town: the West End, the South End, and the East End. In 2003, Bill Dakan, a University of Louisville geography professor, said that the West End, west of 7th Street and north of Algonquin Parkway, is "a euphemism for the African American part of town" although he points out that this belief is not entirely true, and most African Americans no longer live in areas where more than 80% of residents are black. Nevertheless, he says the perception is still strong.[42] The South End has long had a reputation as a white, working-class part of town, while the East End has been seen as middle and upper class.[43]
According to the Greater Louisville Association of Realtors, the area with the lowest median home sales price is west of Interstate 65, in the West and South Ends, the middle range of home sales prices are between Interstates 64 and 65 in the South and East Ends, and the highest median home sales price are north of Interstate 64 in the East End.[44] Immigrants from Southeast Asia tend to settle in the South End, while immigrants from Eastern Europe settle in the East End.[45]
Panoramic views[edit]
Climate[edit]
Louisville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinct seasons and is located in USDA hardiness zones 6b and 7a.[10] Spring-like conditions typically begin in mid-to-late March, summer from mid-to-late-May to late September, with fall in the October–November period. Seasonal extremes in both temperature and precipitation are not uncommon during early spring and late fall; severe weather is not uncommon, with occasional tornado outbreaks in the region. Winter typically brings a mix of rain, sleet, and snow, with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. Louisville averages 4.5 days with low temperatures dipping to 10 °F (−12 °C);[46] the first and last freezes of the season on average fall on November 2 and April 5, respectively.[47] Summer is typically hazy, hot, and humid with long periods of 90–100 °F (32–38 °C) temperatures and drought conditions at times. Louisville averages 38 days a year with high temperatures at or above 90 °F (32 °C). The mean annual temperature is 58.2 °F (14.6 °C), with an average annual snowfall of 12.7 inches (32 cm) and an average annual rainfall of 44.9 inches (1,140 mm).
The wettest seasons are spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant year round. During the winter, particularly in January and February, several days of snow can be expected. January is the coldest month, with a mean temperature of 34.9 °F (1.6 °C). July is the average hottest month with a mean of 79.3 °F (26.3 °C).[48] The highest recorded temperature was 107 °F (42 °C), which last occurred on July 14, 1936, and the lowest recorded temperature was −22 °F (−30 °C) on January 19, 1994.[49] In 2012, Louisville had the fourth-hottest summer on record, with the temperature rising up to 106 °F (41 °C) in July and the June all-time monthly record high temperature being broken on two consecutive days.[47] As the city exemplifies the urban heat island effect, temperatures in commercial areas and in the industrialized areas along interstates are often higher than in the suburbs, often as much as 5 °F (2.8 °C).

showClimate data for Louisville International Airport, Kentucky (1981–2010 normals,[f] extremes 1872–present[g])
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
77
(25) 82
(28) 88
(31) 91
(33) 98
(37) 105
(41) 107
(42) 105
(41) 104
(40) 93
(34) 85
(29) 76
(24) 107
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
64.7
(18.2) 69.4
(20.8) 78.5
(25.8) 84.2
(29) 87.8
(31) 92.9
(33.8) 95.5
(35.3) 95.7
(35.4) 91.8
(33.2) 84.3
(29.1) 75.3
(24.1) 65.3
(18.5) 97.0
(36.1)
Average high °F (°C)
43.0
(6.1) 47.8
(8.8) 57.9
(14.4) 68.8
(20.4) 77.1
(25.1) 85.3
(29.6) 88.7
(31.5) 88.3
(31.3) 81.5
(27.5) 70.1
(21.2) 57.9
(14.4) 45.8
(7.7) 67.8
(19.9)
Average low °F (°C)
26.8
(−2.9) 29.9
(−1.2) 37.8
(3.2) 47.3
(8.5) 57.0
(13.9) 66.0
(18.9) 69.9
(21.1) 68.5
(20.3) 60.5
(15.8) 48.9
(9.4) 39.5
(4.2) 30.0
(−1.1) 48.6
(9.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C)
4.9
(−15.1) 10.2
(−12.1) 20.1
(−6.6) 30.4
(−0.9) 41.0
(5) 52.1
(11.2) 58.7
(14.8) 57.2
(14) 44.7
(7.1) 32.8
(0.4) 23.0
(−5) 9.2
(−12.7) 0.2
(−17.7)
Record low °F (°C)
−22
(−30) −19
(−28) −1
(−18) 21
(−6) 31
(−1) 42
(6) 49
(9) 45
(7) 33
(1) 23
(−5) −1
(−18) −15
(−26) −22
(−30)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
3.24
(82.3) 3.18
(80.8) 4.17
(105.9) 4.01
(101.9) 5.27
(133.9) 3.79
(96.3) 4.23
(107.4) 3.33
(84.6) 3.05
(77.5) 3.22
(81.8) 3.59
(91.2) 3.83
(97.3) 44.91
(1,140.7)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
3.7
(9.4) 4.5
(11.4) 1.4
(3.6) 0.1
(0.3) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0.1
(0.3) 0.1
(0.3) 2.6
(6.6) 12.5
(31.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
10.4 10.1 11.9 11.7 12.6 10.3 10.0 8.0 8.0 7.7 10.1 12.0 122.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
3.6 3.6 1.2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 2.9 11.8
Average relative humidity (%)
68.6 68.1 64.0 61.5 67.2 68.9 70.9 71.7 72.9 69.9 69.4 70.2 68.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours
140.5 148.9 188.6 221.1 263.4 288.9 293.6 272.6 234.3 208.5 135.7 118.3 2,514.4
Percent possible sunshine
46 49 51 56 60 65 65 65 63 60 45 40 56
Source: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[46][47][50]
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 200 —
1800 359 79.5%
1810 1,357 278.0%
1820 4,012 195.7%
1830 10,341 157.8%
1840 21,210 105.1%
1850 43,194 103.6%
1860 68,033 57.5%
1870 100,753 48.1%
1880 123,758 22.8%
1890 161,129 30.2%
1900 204,731 27.1%
1910 223,928 9.4%
1920 234,891 4.9%
1930 307,745 31.0%
1940 319,077 3.7%
1950 369,129 15.7%
1960 390,639 5.8%
1970 361,706 −7.4%
1980 298,694 −17.4%
1990 269,063 −9.9%
2000 256,231 −4.8%
2010 597,337 133.1%
Est. 2017 621,349 [51] 4.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[52]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Unless otherwise noted, all demographics refer to the consolidated Louisville Metro, including the separately incorporated cities within it.
As of the 2010 census, Louisville Metro held a population of 741,096,[4] while the "balance" area of Louisville proper[53] included 597,337.[5] Due to the city-county merger in 2003, the city's population had greatly expanded from the premerger area of Louisville, which held only 245,315 people in 2007.
Louisville is the largest city in Kentucky, with 17.1% of the state's total population as of 2010; the balance's percentage was 13.8%.[54] In 2010, over one-third of the population growth in Kentucky was in Louisville's CSA counties.[citation needed]
Map of racial distribution in Louisville, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic or Other (yellow)
The 2007 demographic breakdown for the entire Louisville Metro area was 74.8% White (71.7% non-Hispanic), 22.2% Black, 0.6% American Indian, 2.0% Asian, 0.1% Hawaiian or Pacific islander, 1.4% other, and 1.6% multiracial. About 2.9% of the total population was identified as Hispanic of any race. During the same year, the area of premerger Louisville consisted 60.1% White, 35.2% African American, 1.9% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, and 3.0% other, with 2.4% identified as Hispanic of any race.
Of the 287,012 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were not families. About 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.
The age distribution is 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.60 males.
The median income for a household is $39,457 and for a family was $49,161. Males had a median income of $36,484 versus $26,255 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,352. About 9.5% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those ages 65 or over.
Religion[edit]
Main article: Religion in Louisville, Kentucky
See also: Religion in Kentucky
Louisville's Cathedral of the Assumption
Louisville hosts religious institutions of various faiths, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism.
The 135,421 Roman Catholic Louisvillians are part of the Archdiocese of Louisville, covering 24 counties in central Kentucky, and consisting of 121 parishes and missions spread over 8,124 square miles (21,040 km2).[55] The Cathedral of the Assumption in downtown Louisville is the seat of the Archdiocese of Louisville. Our Lady of Gethsemani Abbey, the monastic home of Catholic writer Thomas Merton, is in nearby Bardstown, Kentucky, and also in the archdiocese. Most of Louisville's Roman Catholic population is of German descent, the result of large-scale 19th-century immigration.
Bellarmine University and Spalding University in Louisville are affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church.
One in three Louisvillians is Southern Baptist, belonging to one of 147 local congregations.[56] This denomination increased in number when large numbers of people moved into Louisville in the early 20th century from rural Kentucky and Tennessee to work in the city's factories; some of these migrants also formed Holiness and Pentecostal churches and Churches of Christ.
German immigrants in the 19th century brought not only a large Catholic population, but also the Lutheran and Evangelical faiths, which are represented today in Louisville by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, and the United Church of Christ, respectively.
The city is home to two megachurches. Southeast Christian Church, with its main campus in Middletown and three others in the surrounding region, is, as of 2013[update], the seventh-largest church in the United States.[57] St. Stephen Church[58] is the 38th largest in the US,[57] and has the largest African American congregation in Kentucky.[59]
The city is home to several religious institutions: the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville Bible College, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, and the denominational headquarters of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints maintains a temple in suburban Crestwood.[60]
The Jewish population of around 8,500 in the city is served by five synagogues. Most Jewish families emigrated from Eastern Europe at the start of the 20th century; around 800 Soviet Jews have moved to Louisville since 1991.[61] Jewish immigrants founded Jewish Hospital in what was once the center of the city's Jewish district. From 2005 to 2012, Jewish Hospital merged with two Kentucky-based Catholic healthcare systems to form KentuckyOne Health, which later in 2012 announced a partnership with the University of Louisville Hospital. A significant focal point for Louisville's Jewish community is located near Bowman Field, where there are two Orthodox synagogues (including Anshei Sfard, founded in 1893), the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family and Career Services, and an affordable housing complex.
Since 1996, every May, the Festival of Faiths,[62] a five-day national interfaith gathering, is held featuring music, poetry, film, art and dialogue with internationally renowned spiritual leaders, thinkers and practitioners. The festival is organized by the Center for Interfaith Relations[63] and is held at Actors Theatre of Louisville.[64][65]
Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of Louisville, Kentucky
See also: Greater Louisville Inc.; Keep Louisville Weird; and List of major employers in Louisville, Kentucky
The L&N Building on West Broadway
Bourbon bottle, 19th century: One-third of all bourbon whiskey comes from Louisville.
Louisville today is home to dozens of companies and organizations across several industrial classifications. However, the underpinning of the city's economy since its earliest days has been the shipping and cargo industries. Its strategic location at the Falls of the Ohio, as well as its unique position in the central United States (within one day's road travel to 60% of the cities in the continental U.S.) make it a practical location for the transfer of cargo along its route to other destinations.[66] The Louisville and Portland Canal and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad were important links in water and rail transportation.
Louisville's importance to the shipping industry continues today with the presence of the Worldport global air-freight hub for UPS at Louisville International Airport. Louisville's location at the crossroads of three major interstate highways (I-64, I-65, and I-71) also contributes to its modern-day strategic importance to the shipping and cargo industry. In addition, the Port of Louisville[67] continues Louisville's river shipping presence at Jefferson Riverport International. As of 2003, Louisville ranks as the seventh-largest inland port in the United States.[68]
From left to right, BB&T Building, 400 West Market, National City Tower, and the Humana headquarters building in downtown Louisville
Louisville is a significant center of manufacturing, with two major Ford plants, and the headquarters and major home appliance factory of GE Appliances (a subsidiary of Haier). The city is also a major center of the American whiskey industry, with about one-third of all bourbon coming from Louisville.[69][70][71][72] Brown-Forman, one of the major makers of American whiskey, is headquartered in Louisville and operates a distillery in the Louisville suburb of Shively. The current primary distillery site operated by Heaven Hill, called the Bernheim distillery, is also located in Louisville near Brown-Forman's distillery. Other distilleries and related businesses can also be found in neighboring cities in Kentucky, such as Bardstown, Clermont, Lawrenceburg, and Loretto. Similar to the Kentucky Bourbon Trail that links these central Kentucky locations, Louisville offers tourists its own "Urban Bourbon Trail",[73] where people can stop at nearly 20 "area bars and restaurants, all offering at least 50 labels of America's only native spirit."[71]
Not typically known for high tech outside of the previously identified industries, the city in the 2010s has been at or near the forefront of some high-tech-related developments. In April 2017, Google Fiber confirmed that Louisville will be wired for its ultrafast network.[74] Meanwhile, since October 2016, AT&T Fiber has been building out its similar service in the city as well as neighboring counties in Indiana.[75] Beyond networking, the city, through its public–private partnership called Code Louisville, recognized by President Barack Obama, is aiding area residents in the learning of software coding skills.[76][77][78]
Louisville for a long time was also home to the Belknap Hardware and Manufacturing Company, at its peak one of the largest manufacturers and wholesale distributors of hardware in the United States, as well as Brown & Williamson, the third-largest company in the tobacco industry before merging with R. J. Reynolds in 2004 to form the Reynolds American Company. Brown & Williamson, one of the subjects of the tobacco industry scandals of the 1990s, was the focus of The Insider, a 1999 film shot around the Louisville area.
Louisville prides itself in its large assortment of small, independent businesses and restaurants, some of which have become known for their ingenuity and creativity. In 1926, the Brown Hotel became the home of the Hot Brown "sandwich". A few blocks away, the Seelbach Hotel, which F. Scott Fitzgerald references in The Great Gatsby, is also famous for a secret back room where Al Capone would regularly meet with associates during the Prohibition era. The drink the Old Fashioned was invented in Louisville's Pendennis Club.
Several major motion pictures have also been filmed in or near Louisville, including The Insider, Goldfinger, Stripes, Lawn Dogs, Elizabethtown, Demolition Man, and Secretariat.
Culture[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Annual festivals and other events[edit]
See also: List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
2006 Kentucky Derby Festival Thunder Over Louisville fireworks display as seen from the Kentucky side of the Ohio River
Louisville is home to many annual cultural events. Perhaps most well-known is the Kentucky Derby, held annually during the first Saturday of May. The Derby is preceded by a two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival, which starts with the annual Thunder Over Louisville, the largest annual fireworks display in North America.[79] The Kentucky Derby Festival also features notable events such as the Pegasus Parade, The Great Steamboat Race, Great Balloon Race, a combined marathon/mini marathon and about seventy events in total. Esquire magazine has called the Kentucky Derby "the biggest party in the south."
Usually beginning in late February or early March is the Humana Festival of New American Plays at Actors Theatre of Louisville, an internationally acclaimed new-play festival that lasts approximately six weeks.
On Memorial Day weekend, Louisville hosts the largest annual Beatles Festival in the world, Abbey Road on the River. The festival lasts five days and is located on the Belvedere in downtown Louisville.
The summer season in Louisville also features a series of cultural events such as the Kentucky Shakespeare Festival (commonly called "Shakespeare in Central Park"), held in July of every year and features free Shakespeare plays in Central Park in Old Louisville.
Also in July, the Forecastle Festival draws 35,000 visitors annually to Louisville Waterfront Park in celebration of the best in music, art and environmental activism. Past performers include The Black Keys, The Flaming Lips, Widespread Panic, The Smashing Pumpkins, The Avett Brothers, The Black Crowes and hundreds more.
The Kentucky State Fair is held every August at the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville as well, featuring an array of culture from all areas of Kentucky. In places, the African American community celebrates Juneteenth commemorating June 19, 1865, when slaves in the western territories learned of their freedom.[80][81][82]
In September, in nearby Bardstown, is the annual Kentucky Bourbon Festival, which celebrates the history and art of distilling bourbon whiskey. The suburb of Jeffersontown is also the home of the annual Gaslight Festival, a series of events spread over a week. Attendance is approximately 200,000 for the week.
The month of October features the St. James Court Art Show in Old Louisville. Thousands of artists gather on the streets and in the courtyard to exhibit and sell their wares, and the event is attended by many art collectors and enthusiasts. The show is the second most-attended event next to the Derby.
Another art-related event that occurs every month is the First Friday Hop.[83] A free TARC bus takes art lovers to many downtown area (especially East Market District/NuLu) independent art galleries on the first Friday of every month.
Indie scene[edit]
Louisville has blossomed as a booming center for independent art, music and business.
A Louisville locale that highlights this scene is Bardstown Road, an area located in the heart of the Highlands. Bardstown Road is known for its cultural diversity and local trade. The majority of the businesses along Bardstown Road, such as coffee shops, clothing stores and art galleries, are locally owned and operated businesses. Though it is only about one mile (1.6 km) long, this strip of Bardstown Road constitutes much of the city's culture and diverse lifestyle, contributing to the unofficial "Keep Louisville Weird" slogan.
In downtown Louisville, 21c Museum Hotel, a hotel that showcases contemporary art installations and exhibitions throughout its public spaces, and features a red penguin on its roof, is, according to The New York Times, "an innovative concept with strong execution and prompt and enthusiastic service."
Louisville is home to a thriving indie music scene with bands such as Love Jones, Tantric, Squirrel Bait, CABIN, Slint, My Morning Jacket, Houndmouth, Young Widows and Wax Fang. Acclaimed singer-songwriters Will Oldham, who performs under the moniker "Bonnie 'Prince' Billy", is a resident, as was country/rock singer-songwriter Tim Krekel. Cellist Ben Sollee splits his time between Louisville and Lexington. Long running rock/jazz fusion band NRBQ also formed in Louisville in the late 1960s as well as 1980s psychobilly band Bodeco. Post-grunge band Days of the New, at one time including future breakout pop star Nicole Scherzinger, formed in Louisville in the mid-1990s.
The Louisville music scene reaches a crescendo every July during the Forecastle Festival, a three-day music, art and environmental activism festival taking place at Louisville Waterfront Park.
Especially catering to Louisville's music scene is 91.9 WFPK Radio Louisville, a local public radio station funded, in part, from local listeners. The station features not only national and international musicians common to public radio, but also local and regional talent. The station also hosts summer concerts on the waterfront from April until July, where up-and-coming alternative artists are brought to stage.
Museums, galleries and interpretive centers[edit]
A giant baseball bat adorns the outside of Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory in downtown Louisville
See also: List of museums in the Louisville metropolitan area and List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
The West Main District in downtown Louisville features what is locally known as "Museum Row". In this area is the Frazier History Museum, which opened its doors in 2004 as an armaments museum, featuring the only collection of Royal Armouries artifacts outside of the United Kingdom. Since then the Frazier has expanded its focus to broader history. The Frazier Museum has three floors of exhibits, an education center and a tournament ring, which presents daily performances, as well as event spaces available for rent, including a rooftop garden featuring native plants and 4th floor loft-style space that accommodates up to 360 people seated.
The facade of the Frazier History Museum
Also nearby is the Kentucky Science Center, which is Kentucky's largest hands-on science center and features interactive exhibits, IMAX films, educational programs and technology networks. The Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft, opened in 1981, is a nonprofit organization with a mission to support and promote excellence in art, craft, applied arts and design. The Muhammad Ali Center opened November 2005 in "Museum Row" and features Louisville native Muhammad Ali's boxing memorabilia.
The Muhammad Ali Center, alongside Interstate 64 on Louisville's riverfront.
The National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) is a patriotic, historical, and educational non-profit organization and a leading male lineage society that perpetuates the ideals of the American war for independence and the founding of the United States. The SAR opened its National Genealogical Research Library in 2010 along Louisville's Museum Row next door to its national headquarters, with an on-site American Revolutionary War Education Center expected to be completed soon.
The Speed Art Museum opened in 1927 and is the oldest and largest art museum in the state of Kentucky. Located adjacent to the University of Louisville, the museum features over 12,000 pieces of art in its permanent collection and hosts traveling exhibitions. Multiple art galleries are located in the city, but they are especially concentrated in the East Market District (NuLu), immediately to the east of downtown. This row of galleries, plus others in the West Main District, are prominently featured in the monthly First Friday Hop.
Several local history museums can be found in the Louisville area. The most prominent among them is The Filson Historical Society, founded in 1884, which has holdings exceeding 1.5 million manuscript items and over 50,000 volumes in the library. The Filson's extensive collections focus on Kentucky, the Upper South and the Ohio River Valley, and contain a large collection of portraiture and over 10,000 museum artifacts. Other local history museums include the Portland Museum, Historic Locust Grove, Conrad-Caldwell House Museum, the Falls of the Ohio State Park interpretive center (Clarksville, Indiana), Howard Steamboat Museum (Jeffersonville, Indiana) and the Carnegie Center for Art and History (New Albany, Indiana). The Falls interpretive center, part of the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area, also functions as a natural history museum, covering findings in the nearby exposed Devonian fossil bed.
The Belle of Louisville
There are also several historical properties and items of interest in the area, including the Belle of Louisville, the oldest Mississippi-style steamboat in operation in the United States. The United States Marine Hospital of Louisville is considered by the National Park Service to be the best remaining antebellum hospital in the United States.[84] It was designed by Robert Mills, who is best known as the designer of the Washington Monument. Fort Knox, spread out among Bullitt, Hardin and Meade Counties (two of which are in the Louisville metropolitan area), is home to the U.S. Bullion Depository and the General George Patton Museum. The previously mentioned Locust Grove, former home of Louisville Founder George Rogers Clark, portrays life in the early days of the city. Other notable properties include the Farmington Historic Plantation (home of the famous Speed family), Riverside, The Farnsley-Moremen Landing and the restored Union Station, which opened in 1891. The Louisville area is also home to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium, a turn-of-the-century (20th) hospital that was originally built to accommodate tuberculosis patients, and subsequently has been reported and sensationalized to be haunted. The Little Loomhouse maintains historical records of local spinning and weaving patterns and techniques, and also offers tours, hands-on activities, and professional-level classes and materials.
Performing arts[edit]
The Kentucky Center in Downtown Louisville
Main article: Performing arts in Louisville, Kentucky
See also: Theater in Kentucky and List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
The Kentucky Center, dedicated in 1983, located in the downtown hotel and entertainment district, features a variety of plays and concerts. This is also the home of the Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, Bourbon Baroque, StageOne Family Theatre, Kentucky Shakespeare Festival, which operates the oldest professional outdoor Shakespeare festival, and the Kentucky Opera, which is the twelfth oldest opera in the United States.
The Louisville Orchestra was founded in 1937 by conductor Robert Whitney and Charles Farnsley, then Mayor of Louisville, and was a world leader in commissioning and recording contemporary works for orchestra from the 1950s to 1980s. The Louisville Orchestra today performs more than 125 concerts per year with a core of salaried musicians and is recognized as a cornerstone of the Louisville arts community.
Actors Theatre of Louisville, is in the city's urban cultural district and hosts the Humana Festival of New American Plays each spring. It presents approximately six hundred performances of about thirty productions during its year-round season, composed of a diverse array of contemporary and classical fare.
Louisville is home to a fast-growing independent theatre scene. Theatre 502, Savage Rose Classical Theatre, The Bard's Town Theatre Company, The Liminal Playhouse, Looking For Lilith, Bunbury Theatre Company, Louisville Repertory Theatre, Louisville Improvisors, Pandora Productions, Eve Theatre Company, Squallis Puppeteers and Baby Horse Theatre all curate full seasons of contemporary, classical and experimental work.
The Louisville Palace, the official venue for the Louisville Orchestra, is an ornate theatre in downtown Louisville's so-called theatre district. In addition to orchestra performances, the theatre shows films and hosts concerts.
Iroquois Park is the home of the renovated Iroquois Amphitheater, which hosts a variety of musical concerts in a partially covered outdoor setting.
Sports[edit]
Louisville Slugger Field, where the Louisville Bats play.
Main article: Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
College sports are popular in the Louisville area. The Louisville Cardinals have competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), since joining that league in July 2014.
College basketball is particularly popular. The Louisville Cardinals's Freedom Hall averaged sellouts for 10 straight years and the downtown KFC Yum! Center following suit with regular sellouts. The Cardinals ranked third nationally in attendance in 2012–13,[85] the most recent of the program's three national championship seasons. The Cardinals also hold the Big East conference women's basketball paid attendance record with nearly 17,000 attending the game against the Kentucky Wildcats in 2008. The Louisville market has ranked first in ratings for the NCAA men's basketball tournament every year since 1999.[86] The Kentucky Wildcats used to play an annual game in Freedom Hall.
The Louisville Cardinals football team has produced successful NFL players such as Johnny Unitas, Deion Branch, Sam Madison, David Akers, Joe Jacoby and Ray Buchanan. The Cardinals won the 1991 Fiesta Bowl, the 2007 Orange Bowl, and the 2013 Sugar Bowl. In 2016, sophomore quarterback Lamar Jackson took the football team to new heights. Lamar was the school's first Heisman Trophy winner, which is awarded to the most outstanding college football player nationwide during that season. He was also one of the youngest players to ever receive the award. The team also matched their highest ranking in school history at #3. The University of Louisville baseball team advanced to the College World Series in Omaha in 2007, 2013, and 2014, as one of the final eight teams to compete for the national championship.
The Kentucky Derby in progress at Churchill Downs.
Horse racing is also a major attraction. Churchill Downs is home to the Kentucky Derby, the largest sporting event in the state, as well as the Kentucky Oaks which together cap the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. Churchill Downs has also hosted the renowned Breeders' Cup on eight occasions, most recently in 2011.
Louisville is also the home of Valhalla Golf Club which hosted the 1996, 2000 and 2014 PGA Championships, the 2004 Senior PGA Championship and the 2008 Ryder Cup. It is also home to David Armstrong Extreme Park (formerly Louisville Extreme Park), which skateboarder Tony Hawk has called one of his top five skate parks.[87]
Louisville has seven professional and semi-professional sports teams, but no major league teams. It is the fourth largest U.S. city without one, with only Austin, Texas, Fort Worth, Texas and El Paso, Texas larger. The Louisville Bats are a baseball team playing in the International League as the Class AAA affiliate of the nearby Cincinnati Reds. The team plays at Louisville Slugger Field at the edge of the city's downtown. In 2014 Louisville City FC, a professional soccer team in the league then known as USL Pro and now as the United Soccer League, was announced. The team made its debut in 2015, playing home games at Louisville Slugger Field. In its first season, Louisville City was the official reserve side for Orlando City SC while making its debut in Major League Soccer at the same time. That arrangement ended in 2016, when Orlando City established a directly controlled reserve side in the USL.
Louisville had two professional American football teams in the National Football League: the Louisville Breckenridges (or Brecks for short) from 1921 to 1924 and the Louisville Colonels in 1926.[88]
David Armstrong Extreme Park
Between 1967 and 1976, Louisville was home to the Kentucky Colonels of the American Basketball Association. The Colonels was one of the ABA's most successful teams during its existence, winning four division titles and the 1975 ABA Championship, but was not invited to join the NBA when the two leagues merged in 1976, and subsequently folded.
Louisville has the added distinction of being the only city in the world that is the birthplace of four heavyweight boxing champions: Marvin Hart, Muhammad Ali, Jimmy Ellis and Greg Page.[89]
Current professional teams[edit]
See also: Historical professional sports teams in Louisville
Club
Sport
Began Play
League
Venue
Louisville Bats Baseball 2002 International League Louisville Slugger Field
Derby City Rovers Soccer 2011 Premier Development League Centurion Soccer Fields
Derby City Dynamite Women's football 2013 Women's Football Alliance John Hardin High School (Radcliff)[90]
Louisville City FC Soccer 2015 United Soccer League Louisville Slugger Field
Parks and outdoor attractions[edit]
The Louisville Waterfront Park exhibits rolling hills, spacious lawns and walking paths on Louisville's waterfront in the downtown area.
See also: List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area and List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
Louisville Metro has 122 city parks covering more than 13,000 acres (53 km2). Several of these parks were designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed New York City's Central Park as well as parks, parkways, college campuses and public facilities in many U.S. locations. The Louisville Waterfront Park is prominently located on the banks of the Ohio River near downtown and features large open areas, which often hold free concerts and other festivals. The Big Four Bridge, a former railroad bridge spanning 547 feet (167 m) but is now a pedestrian bridge connecting Waterfront Park with Jeffersonville, Indiana's waterfront park, fully opened in May 2014 with the completion of Jeffersonville's ramp.[91][92] Cherokee Park, one of the most visited parks in the nation,[93] features a 2.6-mile (4.2 km) mixed-use loop and many well-known landscaping and architectural features including the Hogan's Fountain Pavilion. Other notable parks in the system include Iroquois Park, Shawnee Park, Seneca Park and Central Park.
Further from the downtown area is the Jefferson Memorial Forest, which at 6,218 acres (25.16 km2) is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States.,[94] The forest is designated as a National Audubon Society wildlife refuge and offers over 30 miles (48 km) of various hiking trails.
A section of the Louisville Loop bike and pedestrian trail
Otter Creek Outdoor Recreation Area, owned and operated by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, is another large park in nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky. The park's namesake, Otter Creek, winds along the eastern side of the park. A scenic bend in the Ohio River, which divides Kentucky from Indiana, can be seen from northern overlooks within the park. The park is a popular mountain biking destination, with trails maintained by a local mountain bike organization.
Other outdoor points of interest in the Louisville area include Cave Hill Cemetery (the burial location of Col. Harland Sanders), Zachary Taylor National Cemetery (the burial location of President Zachary Taylor), the Louisville Zoo and the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area.
In development is the City of Parks, a project to create a 110-mile (180 km) continuous paved pedestrian and biking trail called the Louisville Loop around Louisville Metro while also adding a large amount of park land. Current plans call for making approximately 4,000 acres (16 km2) of the Floyds Fork flood plain in eastern Jefferson County into a new park system called The Parklands of Floyds Fork, expanding area in the Jefferson Memorial Forest, and adding riverfront land and wharfs along the Riverwalk and Levee Trail, both completed segments of the Louisville Loop.
Government and politics[edit]
Louisville City Hall in downtown, built 1870–1873, is a blend of Italianate styles characteristic of Neo-Renaissance
Main article: Government of Louisville, Kentucky
See also: List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky; Louisville Metro Council; and Government of Kentucky
On January 6, 2003, Louisville merged its government with that of Jefferson County, forming coterminous borders.[13] Louisville was the second and only other city in the state to merge with its county since Lexington merged with Fayette County in 1974.
Louisville Metro is governed by an executive called the Metro Mayor and a city legislature called the Metro Council. The second and current Metro Mayor is Greg Fischer (D), who entered office on January 3, 2011.
The Metro Council consists of 26 seats representing districts apportioned by population throughout the city and county. The residents of the semi-independent municipalities within Louisville Metro are apportioned to districts along with all other county residents. Half (13) of the seats come up for reelection every two years. The council is chaired by a Council President, currently David Yates (D), who is elected by the council members annually. Democrats currently have a 17 to 9 seat majority on the council.
Before merger, under the Kentucky Constitution and statutory law Louisville was designated as a first-class city in regard to local laws affecting public safety, alcohol beverage control, revenue options, and various other matters; as of 2014, it is the only such designated city in the state.[95]
The Official Seal of the City of Louisville, no longer used following the merger, reflected its history and heritage in the fleur-de-lis representing French aid given during the Revolutionary War and the thirteen stars signifying the original colonies. The new Seal of Louisville Metro retains the fleur-de-lis, but has only two stars, one representing the city and the other the county.
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district encompasses most of Louisville Metro, and is represented by Rep. John Yarmuth (D). Far eastern portions of the county are part of the 4th congressional district, which is represented by Thomas Massie (R).[96][97]
Public safety and crime[edit]
See also: Louisville Metro Police Department, Louisville Metro EMS, Louisville Division of Fire, and Jefferson County Fire Service
A Louisville Metro Police cruiser
In a 2005 survey, Morgan Quitno Press ranked Louisville as the seventh safest large city in the United States.[98] The 2006 edition of the survey ranked Louisville eighth.[99]
In 2004, Louisville recorded 70 murders. The numbers for 2005 ranged from 55 to 59 (FBI says 55, LMPD says 59), which was down 16 percent from 2004.[100] In 2006, Louisville-Jefferson County recorded 50 murders, which was significantly lower than previous years. In 2008, Louisville recorded 79 murders.[101]
The Louisville Metro Area's overall violent crime rate was 412.6 per 100,000 residents in 2005.[102] The Elizabethtown, Kentucky Metro Area, which is part of Louisville's Combined Statistical Area, was the 17th safest Metro in the U.S.[103] Kentucky has the 5th lowest violent crime rate out of the 50 states.[104]
Violent crime is most concentrated west of downtown, especially in the Russell neighborhood. The West End, located north of Algonquin Parkway and West of 9th Street, had 32 of the city's 79 murders in 2007.[105]
Louisville Metro EMS ambulance
The primary law enforcement agencies are the Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office (JCSO). 911 emergency medical services are provided by the government as Louisville Metro EMS (LMEMS) which responds to over 120,000 calls for service annually. Louisville Metro Department of Corrections operates two facilities housing approximately 2,000 inmates.
Louisville has recently been featured on the television show First 48. The show follows LMPD's homicide unit while they try to solve murders.
Fire protection, which is not solely a Metro government function, is provided by 20 independent fire departments (most of which are autonomous taxing districts) working in concert through mutual aid agreements. The only fire department operated by metro government is Louisville Fire & Rescue (formerly Louisville Division of Fire before city-county merger in 2003). The independent city of Shively in western Jefferson County possesses a city-run department. The other 14 fire departments in Louisville-Jefferson County are taxing districts known collectively as the Jefferson County Fire Service.
Education[edit]
Grawemeyer Hall, modeled after the Roman Pantheon, is the University of Louisville's main administrative building
See also: List of schools in Louisville, Kentucky and Louisville Free Public Library
Louisville is home to several institutions of higher learning. There are six four-year universities, the University of Louisville, Bellarmine University, Boyce College, Spalding University, Sullivan University and Simmons College of Kentucky; Louisville Bible College; a two-year community college, Jefferson Community and Technical College; and several other business or technical schools such as Spencerian College, Strayer University and Sullivan College of Technology and Design. Indiana University Southeast is located across the Ohio River in New Albany, Indiana.
The University of Louisville has had notable achievements including several hand transplants[106] and the world's first self-contained artificial heart transplant.[107]
The newly completed Medical Office Plaza on the University of Louisville's downtown Health Sciences Campus
Two major graduate-professional schools of religion are also located in Louisville. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, with more than 5,300 students, is the flagship institution of the Southern Baptist Convention. It was founded in Greenville, South Carolina, in 1859 and moved to Louisville in 1877, occupying its present campus on Lexington Road in 1926. Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, product of a 1901 merger of two predecessor schools founded at Danville, Kentucky in 1853 and in Louisville in 1893, occupied its present campus on Alta Vista Road in 1963.
According to the U.S. Census, of Louisville's population over 25, 21.3% (the national average is 24%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher and 76.1% (80% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent.
The public school system, Jefferson County Public Schools, consists of more than 100,000 students in 173 schools.[108] Due to Louisville's large Catholic population, there are 27 Catholic schools in the city. The Kentucky School for the Blind, for all of Kentucky's blind and visually impaired students, is located on Frankfort Avenue in the Clifton neighborhood.
Media[edit]
Main article: Media in Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville's newspaper of record is The Courier-Journal. The alternative paper is the progressive alt-weekly Louisville Eccentric Observer (commonly called 'LEO'), which was founded by 3rd district U.S. Representative John Yarmuth (D).
WAVE 3, an NBC affiliate, was Kentucky's first TV station. Another prominent TV station is ABC affiliate WHAS 11, formerly owned by the famous Bingham family (who also owned The Courier-Journal), which hosts the regionally notable annual fundraiser, the WHAS Crusade for Children. CBS affiliate WLKY 32 and Fox affiliate WDRB 41 (along with its sister station WBKI) round out the major television stations in the city.
The most popular radio station is 84 WHAS 840 AM, designated by the FCC as a clear-channel station. This station was also formerly owned by the Binghams (now iHeartMedia), and is a talk radio station which also broadcasts regional sports.
Infrastructure[edit]
Transportation[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky
See also: Roads in Louisville, Kentucky
As with most American cities, transportation in Louisville is based primarily on automobiles. However, the city traces its foundation to the era where the river was the primary means of transportation, and railroads have been an important part of local industry for over a century. In more recent times, Louisville has become an international hub for air cargo.
Overhead view of the Kennedy Interchange ("Spaghetti Junction") before the ongoing reconstruction as part of the Ohio River Bridges Project.
Louisville has inner and outer interstate beltways, I-264 and I-265 respectively. Interstates I-64 and I-65 pass through Louisville, and I-71 has its southern terminus in Louisville. Since all three of these highways intersect at virtually the same location on the east side of downtown, this spot has become known as "Spaghetti Junction". Two bridges carry I-64 and I-65 over the Ohio River, and a third automobile bridge carries non-interstate traffic, including bicyclists and pedestrians. Immediately east of downtown is the Big Four Bridge, a former railroad bridge now renovated as a pedestrian bridge.
The Ohio River Bridges Project, a plan under consideration for decades to construct two new interstate bridges over the Ohio River to connect Louisville to Indiana, including a reconfiguration of Spaghetti Junction, began construction in 2012.[109] One bridge, the Abraham Lincoln Bridge, is located downtown beside the existing Kennedy Bridge for relief of I-65 traffic. The other, named the Lewis and Clark Bridge, connects I-265 between the portions located in southeast Clark County, Indiana and northeast Jefferson County, Kentucky (Louisville Metro).[110] Both bridges and corresponding construction were finished in 2016.[111][112] As with any major project, there have been detractors and possible alternatives; one grassroots organization, 8664.org, has proposed options for downtown revitalization improvements, and a simpler and less expensive roadway design.
Louisville International Airport
Louisville's main airport is the centrally located Louisville International Airport, whose IATA Airport Code (SDF) reflects its former name of Standiford Field. The airport is also home to UPS's Worldport global air hub. UPS operates its largest package-handling hub at Louisville International Airport and bases its UPS Airlines division there. Over 3.2 million passengers and over 4.7 billion pounds (2,350,000 t) of cargo pass through the airport each year.[113] It is also the third busiest airport in the United States in terms of cargo traffic, and seventh busiest for such in the world.[114] Furthermore, since Louisville is located only around 35 minutes from Fort Knox, the airport is a major hub for armed services personnel traveling to and from the military installation. The historic but smaller Bowman Field is used mainly for general aviation while nearby Clark Regional Airport is used mostly by private jets.
The McAlpine Locks and Dam is located on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, near the downtown area. The locks were constructed to allow shipping past the Falls of the Ohio. In 2001 over 55 million tons of commodities passed through the locks.
Toonerville II Trolleys provided transportation in downtown Louisville up through 2014, before being replaced by ZeroBus.
Public transportation consists mainly of buses run by the Transit Authority of River City (TARC). The city buses serve all parts of downtown Louisville and Jefferson County, as well as Kentucky suburbs in Oldham County, Bullitt County, and the Indiana suburbs of Jeffersonville, Clarksville and New Albany. In addition to regular city buses, transit throughout the downtown hotel and shopping districts is served by a fleet of zero-emissions buses called ZeroBus. In late 2014, these vehicles replaced the series of motorized trolleys known as the Toonerville II Trolley.[115] A light rail system has been studied and proposed for the city, but no plan was in development as of 2007.[116]
Louisville has historically been a major center for railway traffic. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad was once headquartered here, before it was purchased by CSX Transportation. Today the city is served by two major freight railroads, CSX (with a major classification yard in the southern part of the metro area) and Norfolk Southern. Five major main lines connect Louisville to the rest of the region. Two regional railroads, the Paducah and Louisville Railway and the Louisville and Indiana Railroad, also serve the city. With the discontinuance of the stop in Louisville in 2003 for a more northerly route between New York and Chicago, the Kentucky Cardinal no longer serves the city; it is thus the fifth largest city in the country with no passenger rail service.[117]
In 2016 Walk Score ranked Louisville 43rd "most walkable" of 141 U.S. cities with a population greater than 200,000.[118]
Utilities[edit]
Completed in 1860, the Louisville Water Tower is the oldest water tower in the U.S.
Electricity is provided to the Louisville Metro area by Louisville Gas & Electric. Water is provided by the Louisville Water Company, which provides water to more than 800,000 residents in Louisville as well as parts of Oldham and Bullitt counties. Additionally, they provide wholesale water to the outlying counties of Shelby, Spencer and Nelson.[119]
The Ohio River provides for most of the city's source of drinking water. Water is drawn from the river at two points: the raw water pump station at Zorn Avenue and River Road, and the B.E. Payne Pump Station northeast of Harrods Creek. Water is also obtained from a riverbank infiltration well at the Payne Plant. There are also two water treatment plants serving the Louisville Metro area: The Crescent Hill Treatment Plant and the B.E. Payne Treatment Plant. In June 2008, the Louisville Water Company received the "Best of the Best" award from the American Water Works Association, citing it as the best-tasting drinking water in the country.[120]
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area
See also: List of University of Louisville people
Events[edit]
Important events occurring in the city have included the first large space lighted by Edison's light bulb which occurred during the Southern Exposition. (At the time, in 1883, the largest such installation to date.) Also, Louisville had the first library open to African Americans in the South,[121][122] and medical advances including the first human hand transplant[106] and the first self-contained artificial heart transplant.[107]
Sister cities[edit]
The distances to each of Louisville's sister cities are represented on this downtown light post.
Louisville has nine sister cities as of 2012:[123][124][125]
Adapazarı, Turkey
Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
La Plata, Argentina
Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Montpellier, Hérault, Occitanie, France
Perm, Perm Krai, Russia
Quito, Ecuador
Tamale, Ghana
In addition, Leeds has been recognized as a "friendship city". The two cities have engaged in many cultural exchange programs, particularly in the fields of nursing and law, and cooperated in several private business developments, including the Frazier History Museum.[126]
On April 15, 2008, it was announced that Louisville would be twinned with the town of Bushmills in Northern Ireland. The two places share a tradition for the distilling of whiskey. The choice of Louisville came after a search of U.S. cities, followed by an online poll conducted for the public to decide between three finalists, which also included Boston and Portland, Maine.[127]
See also[edit]
Geography portal
North America portal
United States portal
Kentucky portal
Louisville portal
List of cities and towns along the Ohio River
Bloody Monday
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c The United States MSA table excludes the San Juan, Puerto Rico MSA which has a higher population than Louisville.
Jump up ^ Based on 2010 data.
Jump up ^ 2015 ranking.
^ Jump up to: a b Louisville's "balance" population is considered in determining rank among cities in the U.S.
Jump up ^ Under Kentucky's current classification scheme, which went into effect on January 1, 2015, cities with a mayor–alderman form of government are first-class, with the "home rule class" covering all other forms. This replaced a system in which cities were divided into six classes, nominally by population.[11]
Jump up ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
Jump up ^ Official records for Louisville were kept at the Weather Bureau Office from August 1872 to June 1945, Bowman Field from July 1945 to November 1947, Louisville Int'l from December 1947 to October 1995, the Weather Forecast Office (38°06′54″N 85°38′42″W / 38.1150°N 85.6450°W / 38.1150; -85.6450) from November 1995 to December 2005, and again at Louisville Int'l since January 2006. For more information, see Threadex
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Transit Authority of River City (TARC)". ridetarc.org. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
Jump up ^
"The Gateway to the South: A Beginner's Guide to Louisville". The Virgin Atlantic Blog. January 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
K'Meyer, Tracy E. (January 1, 2010). Civil Rights in the Gateway to the South: Louisville, Kentucky, 1945–1980. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0813139201. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
"Flooded riverfront, Louisville, Kentucky, 1937. :: R. G. Potter Collection". Retrieved August 10, 2015. View of downtown Louisville, Kentucky, with buildings submerged by floodwater. Neon sign on top of building reads: "The Gateway to the South Louisville Gas & Electric Co."
Jump up ^
Puckett, Jeffrey Lee (March 9, 2016). "The Who, other must-see shows in the 'Ville". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
Forde, Pat (September 10, 2003). "UofL's bogus billboards don't impress experts". The Courier-Journal.
^ Jump up to: a b c "State & County QuickFacts – Jefferson County, Kentucky". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2016 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 – United States – Places of 50,000+ Population". 2016 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. May 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Commonwealth of Kentucky. Office of the Secretary of State. Land Office. "Louisville, Kentucky". Accessed September 19, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "U.S. Gazetteer file for Kentucky counties (Jefferson County)". United States Census Bureau. 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov.
Jump up ^ "GNIS Detail – Louisville". Retrieved June 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Interactive Map". Planthardiness.ars.usda.gov. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Noble, Jeff (April 30, 2014). "Corbin, other Tri-County cities now in Home Rule Class". The Times-Tribune. Corbin, KY. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ CNN Money. "Fortune 500 2012: States: Kentucky Companies". May 21, 2012. Accessed September 19, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Louisville-Jefferson County Local Government Consolidation" (PDF). louisvilleky.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 30, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government Code of Ordinances". American Legal Publishing Corporation. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government Code of Ordinances § 10.06 DEFINITIONS". American Legal Publishing Corporation. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Wave 3 "Kentuckiana" article". Retrieved August 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Heavier snowfall bypasses Kentuckiana". Archived from the original on February 15, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ "George Rogers Clark: Kentucky Frontiersman, Hero, and Founder of Louisville". Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. Archived from the original on April 25, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2007.
Jump up ^ Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County (2nd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Filson Club, Incorporated. pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-9601072-3-1.
Jump up ^ "The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition". Retrieved July 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Lewis and Clark — Falls of the Ohio". Retrieved July 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Yater, pp. 46–48.
Jump up ^ "Louisville, Kentucky, in the American Civil War". Wikipedia. September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kentucky Derby Timeline: 1874–1899". Archived from the original on July 30, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rice, Roger L. (May 1968). "Residential Segregation by Law, 1910-1917". The Journal of Southern History. 34 (2): 181–183. JSTOR yes. Retrieved October 10, 2018. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Rice (1968), pp. 185–186.
Jump up ^ Rice (1968), p. 194.
Jump up ^ Purcell, Aaron D. (2001). "Flood of 1937". In Kleber, John E. The Encyclopedia of Louisville. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 296–297. ISBN 0-8131-2100-0. OCLC 247857447. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fact Sheet: Ohio River Floods". Western Kentucky University. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Butler, William S., ed. (2004). Tornado: A Look Back at Louisville's Dark Day, April 3, 1974. Butler Books. ISBN 1-884532-58-6. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ Meyer, David R. (December 1989). "Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century". The Journal of Economic History. 49 (4): 921–937. doi:10.1017/S0022050700009505. JSTOR 2122744.
Jump up ^ "Emporis:Louisville, KY". Retrieved February 6, 2007.
Jump up ^ "University of Kentucky Atlas entry". Retrieved August 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Green, Marcus (May 22, 2007). "Hotel removed from arena plan". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ Green, Marcus (April 27, 2007). "First look inside the arena". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ Berzof, Ken (February 26, 2006). "Office space goes begging". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ "Louisville Facts & Firsts". LouisvilleKy.gov. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "What is Old Louisville?". Old Louisville Guide. Archived from the original on November 27, 2009. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Victorian architecture". Wikipedia. January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Louisville's Downtown Alive with Development". LouisvilleKy.gov. February 24, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Pike, Bill (January 23, 2003). "Will old names work in 'new' city?". The Courier-Journal. p. 1N.
Jump up ^ Forde, Pat (August 26, 2002). "Read all about it: Valley has city united". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ "The Courier-Journal 2006–07 Kentuckiana Guide". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. June 29, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Cummins, Peggy. "Continuity and Change in Louisville's Ethnic Communities". Jefferson Community College.
^ Jump up to: a b "Station Name: KY LOUISVILLE INTL AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
Jump up ^ Climate information from NOAA Archived September 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Maximum and minimum temperatures from Yahoo! Weather
Jump up ^ "WMO Climate Normals for LOUISVILLE/STANDIFORD FIELD KY 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
Jump up ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – For what geographic areas does the Census Bureau produce estimates?". Census.gov. November 17, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 30, 2013. Archived from the original (CSV) on August 24, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Data on Catholic residents from the Archdiocese of Louisville". Archlou.org. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Data on Baptist Population from LRA website Long Run Baptist Association Archived February 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "2013 Outreach 100 Largest Churches in America". Outreach. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "St. Stephen Church". Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Katayama, Devin (January 3, 2012). "Former Pastor Files Discrimination Suit Against St. Stephen Baptist Church". WFPL. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Louisville Kentucky Temple". www.lds.org. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
Jump up ^ Smith, Peter (September 28, 2003). "Some synagogues eye broader styles of worship". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ "Festival of Faiths". Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Center for Interfaith Relations". Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blumberg, Antonia (May 6, 2016). "Interfaith Leaders Gather To Promote Peace In The Heart Of The Christian South". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ethan (May 9, 2015). "Festival of Faiths: A Q&A with the director of Louisville's 'Sundance of Sacred'". LEO Weekly. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kramer, Carl (1978). Louisville Survey: Central Report. p. 32.
Jump up ^ "Port of Louisville". Retrieved April 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Inland U.S. Ports for 2003" (PDF). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kiniry, Laura (September 2, 2015). "Beyond bourbon in Louisville". BBC. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lufkin, Bryan (April 29, 2015). "In Louisville, Try the Bourbon and Zip Line (Not at Once)". Wired. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Things to Do in Louisville". Travel Channel. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hall, Gregory A. (October 21, 2014). "Much of bourbon boom carries Louisville address". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Louisville, KY's Urban Bourbon Trail (UBT)". BourbonCounty.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Shafer, Sheldon S. (April 26, 2017). "Google Fiber confirms it will wire Louisville". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sayers, Justin (February 17, 2017). "AT&T Fiber ultrafast internet launched to New Albany, Jeffersonville". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "President Obama Wants More Programs Like Code Louisville". 89.3 WFPL.
Jump up ^ "Code Louisville Aims to Expand the Region's Available Tech Talent - 89.3 WFPL". 89.3 WFPL.
Jump up ^ "Why Louisville's Tech Initiatives Are on a National Stage Today". 89.3 WFPL.
Jump up ^ Lammers, Braden (April 11, 2014). "Distinguished service awards presented to the men behind Thunder Over Louisville". Louisville Business First. American City Business Journals. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The 11th Annual Juneteenth Jamboree of New Plays". Archived from the original on May 9, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Juneteenth Jamboree runs June 3–19 – Louisville, Kentucky". Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Juneteenth — Kentucky". Retrieved July 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Republic Bank First Friday Hop". firstfridayhop.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL) – United States Marine Hospital". Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "2013 NCAA MEN'S BASKETBALL ATTENDANCE" (PDF). NCAA.
Jump up ^ "Louisville No. 1 in basketball TV ratings". The Courier-Journal. April 8, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Louisville Extreme Park". Skateboardermag.com. Skateboarder Magazine. Archived from the original on February 11, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Biesel, David B. (1993). Can You Name that Team?: A Guide to Professional Baseball, Football, Soccer, Hockey, and Basketball Teams and Leagues. Scarecrow Press. p. 38.
Jump up ^ Loverro, Thom (June 9, 2016). "Muhammad Ali always stood out among Louisville's four kings of boxing". The Washington Times. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Derby City Dynamite". derbycitydynamite.com. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Shafer, Sheldon (May 16, 2007). "Big Four Bridge walkway about to be a step closer". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ Lord, Joseph (May 20, 2014). "Indiana Side of Big Four Bridge Is Opening This Afternoon". WFPL. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "America's Most Visited City Parks" (PDF). October 1, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
Jump up ^ "New Property Connects Sections of Jefferson Memorial Forest – November 2009".
Jump up ^ "KLC Research Report: The Basics of Kentucky Cities" (PDF). Kentucky League of Cities. September 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kentucky's 3rd Congressional District – Representatives & District Map". GovTrack.us. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kentucky's 4th Congressional District – Representatives & District Map". GovTrack.us. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "America's Safest (and Most Dangerous) Cities." Morgan Quitno Press. November 21, 2005. Retrieved July 8, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Louisville among nation's safest cities". The Courier-Journal. October 31, 2006.
Jump up ^ "FBI Report: Louisville Crime Rate Outpacing National Average".
Jump up ^ "The Urban Louisvillian — FBI Crime Statistics from 2006 Released".
Jump up ^ "Morgan Quitno — Violent Crime Rate in 2005 (ordered by metro area)" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Morgan Quitno — Safest 25 Metropolitan Areas". Archived from the original on June 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Infoplease — Crime Rate by State, 2004 (rate per 100,000 inhabitants)".
Jump up ^ "courier-journal.com — Jefferson County homicide victims, 2007". Archived from the original on June 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Altman, Lawrence K. (January 26, 1999). "Doctors in Louisville Perform Nation's First Hand Transplant". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Altman, Lawrence K. (July 4, 2001). "Self-Contained Mechanical Heart Throbs for First Time in a Human". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "About JCPS, JCPS at a Glance". Jefferson County Public Schools. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Collier, Rachel (August 24, 2012). "Construction to begin soon on The Ohio River Bridges Project". WDRB. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Green, Marcus (July 16, 2007). "Bridge project tunnels' cost rises; Exploratory shaft will plot path for two others". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Ohio River Bridges Project Downtown Crossing – The Project Overview". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "East End Crossing – The Project". Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Louisville, KY: Louisville International-Standiford Field (SDF)". March 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Preliminary World Airport Traffic and Rankings 2013 – High Growth Dubai Moves Up to 7th Busiest Airport". Airports Council International. March 31, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gee, Dawne (December 22, 2014). "TARC replaces trolleys with ZeroBus". WAVE. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Green, Marcus (November 29, 2006). "Mass transit plan still possible; Officials will look for financing options". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Metropolitan Areas Served by Amtrak". November 23, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Most Walkable Cities in the US". Walk Score. 2016. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Data from Louisville Water
Jump up ^ "Louisville wins best water taste test". American Water Works Association. June 10, 2008. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "African Americans in Library Professions: The Kentucky Connection". Uky.edu. December 7, 2004. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "African-American Archives". Louisville Free Public Library. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Sister Cities International – Interactive City Directory – Louisville, Kentucky". Retrieved June 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sister Cities of Louisville, Inc". Retrieved February 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Adapazari, Turkey, to be Louisville's ninth Sister City". Retrieved November 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Friendship City Status Archived April 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.." Sister Cities of Louisville. 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Louisville tastes victory in twin search". BBC. April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
Further reading[edit]
Bell, Rick (2007). The Great Flood of 1937: Rising Waters, Soaring Spirits. Louisville, Kentucky: Butler Books. ISBN 1-884532-82-9. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
Domer, Dennis; Gregory A. Luhan; David Mohney (2004). The Louisville Guide. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1-56898-451-0.
Greater Louisville Inc. (2006). Louisville Then and Now. Butler Books. ISBN 1-884532-68-3.
Kleber, John E., ed. (2001). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2100-0. OCLC 247857447. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
Lee, Gary (August 20, 2006). "Louisville Old and New: Either Way, It's a Knockout". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
Nold, Chip; Bob Bahr (1997). Insiders' Guide to Louisville, Kentucky & Southern Indiana. Globe Pequot. ISBN 1-57380-043-0.
Sanders, David; Glen Conner (2000). Fact Sheet – Ohio River Floods. Kentucky Climate Center. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County (2nd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Filson Club, Incorporated. ISBN 0-9601072-3-1.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutLouisville, Kentuckyat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Official website
Louisville Metro's Open Data Portal
Louisville Convention and Visitors Bureau
Louisville, Kentucky at Curlie
Louisville/Jefferson County Information Consortium (LOJIC)
[https://web.archive.org/web/20140816193530/http://www.lojic.org/main/apps/ Interactive Maps of Louisville Metro, Jefferson County, KY
City Mayors feature: "Louisville Metro has shown other regions how mergers can change balance of power"
Louisville Life—weekly broadcast on Kentucky Educational Television
Images of Louisville from the University of Louisville Digital Collections
hide
v
t
e
Louisville, Kentucky (metro area)
History
Timeline
George Rogers Clark–founder
Civil War
Historic places
Geography
Downtown
Cityscape
Climate
Local landmarks
Neighborhoods
Parks
Preservation districts (Old Louisville)
Government
Mayor (Greg Fischer)
Metro Council (President: David James)
Transportation
Bowman Field
Louisville International Airport
McAlpine Locks and Dam
Roads
TARC
Other subject
areas
Attractions and events
Cuisine
Economy
Education
Media
People
Performing arts
Religion
Sports
Top subjects
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali Center
Cave Hill Cemetery
Falls of the Ohio
Farmington
Kentucky Derby (Festival)
KFC
History
Colonel Sanders
L&N
Louisville Slugger
Speed Art Museum
University of Louisville (Cardinals)
National Historic
Landmarks
Belle of Louisville
Churchill Downs
Historic Locust Grove
Mayor Andrew Broaddus
Old Bank
Zachary Taylor House
United States Marine Hospital
Water Tower
Prominent suburbs
(over 10K pop.)
Clarksville
Jeffersontown
Jeffersonville
Lyndon
New Albany
St. Matthews
Shelbyville
Shepherdsville
Shively
Category (city)
Category (metro area)
Portal
WikiProject
show
v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States
County seat: Louisville
Cities
Anchorage
Audubon Park
Bancroft
Barbourmeade
Beechwood Village
Bellemeade
Bellewood
Blue Ridge Manor
Briarwood
Broeck Pointe
Brownsboro Farm
Brownsboro Village
Cambridge
Coldstream
Creekside
Crossgate
Douglass Hills
Druid Hills
Fincastle
Forest Hills
Glenview
Glenview Hills
Glenview Manor
Goose Creek
Graymoor-Devondale
Green Spring
Heritage Creek
Hickory Hill
Hills and Dales
Hollow Creek
Hollyvilla
Houston Acres
Hurstbourne
Hurstbourne Acres
Indian Hills
Jeffersontown
Kingsley
Langdon Place
Lincolnshire
Louisville (balance)
Lyndon
Lynnview
Manor Creek
Maryhill Estates
Meadow Vale
Meadowbrook Farm
Meadowview Estates
Middletown
Mockingbird Valley
Moorland
Murray Hill
Norbourne Estates
Northfield
Norwood
Old Brownsboro Place
Parkway Village
Plantation
Poplar Hills
Prospect‡
Richlawn
Riverwood
Rolling Fields
Rolling Hills
St. Matthews
St. Regis Park
Seneca Gardens
Shively
South Park View
Spring Mill
Spring Valley
Strathmoor Manor
Strathmoor Village
Sycamore
Ten Broeck
Thornhill
Watterson Park
Wellington
West Buechel
Westwood
Wildwood
Windy Hills
Woodland Hills
Woodlawn Park
Worthington Hills
Former CDPs
Buechel
Fairdale
Fern Creek
Highview
Newburg
Okolona
Pleasure Ridge Park
St. Dennis
Valley Station
Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
show
v
t
e
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Frankfort (capital)
Topics
Index
Cuisine
Environment
Geography
History
Music
Media
Newspapers
Radio
TV
People
Religion
Symbols
Seal
Flag
Theater
Tourism
Tourist attractions
Transportation
Category
Index
Portal
Seal of Kentucky
Society
Culture
Crime
Demographics
Economy
Education
Politics
Sports
Regions
Allegheny Plateau
The Bluegrass
Cumberland Mountains
Cumberland Plateau
Eastern Kentucky Coalfield
Highland Rim
The Knobs
Mississippi Plain
Northern Kentucky
Pennyroyal Plateau
The Purchase
Ridge-and-Valley
Tennessee Valley
Western Coal Fields
25 largest
cities
Louisville
Lexington
Bowling Green
Owensboro
Covington
Richmond
Georgetown
Florence
Hopkinsville
Nicholasville
Elizabethtown
Henderson
Independence
Frankfort
Jeffersontown
Paducah
Radcliff
Ashland
Murray
Madisonville
Erlanger
Winchester
St. Matthews
Danville
Fort Thomas
Metropolitan
areas
Ashland
Bowling Green
Clarksville, TN
Elizabethtown
Evansville
Lexington–Fayette
Louisville/Jefferson County
Northern Kentucky
Owensboro
Counties
Adair
Allen
Anderson
Ballard
Barren
Bath
Bell
Boone
Bourbon
Boyd
Boyle
Bracken
Breathitt
Breckinridge
Bullitt
Butler
Caldwell
Calloway
Campbell
Carlisle
Carroll
Carter
Casey
Christian
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Crittenden
Cumberland
Daviess
Edmonson
Elliott
Estill
Fayette
Fleming
Floyd
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Garrard
Grant
Graves
Grayson
Green
Greenup
Hancock
Hardin
Harlan
Harrison
Hart
Henderson
Henry
Hickman
Hopkins
Jackson
Jefferson
Jessamine
Johnson
Kenton
Knott
Knox
LaRue
Laurel
Lawrence
Lee
Leslie
Letcher
Lewis
Lincoln
Livingston
Logan
Lyon
Madison
Magoffin
Marion
Marshall
Martin
Mason
McCracken
McCreary
McLean
Meade
Menifee
Mercer
Metcalfe
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Muhlenberg
Nelson
Nicholas
Ohio
Oldham
Owen
Owsley
Pendleton
Perry
Pike
Powell
Pulaski
Robertson
Rockcastle
Rowan
Russell
Scott
Shelby
Simpson
Spencer
Taylor
Todd
Trigg
Trimble
Union
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Whitley
Wolfe
Woodford
show
v
t
e
County seats in Kentucky
Albany
Alexandria
Barbourville
Bardstown
Bardwell
Beattyville
Bedford
Benton
Booneville
Bowling Green
Brandenburg
Brooksville
Brownsville
Burkesville
Burlington
Cadiz
Calhoun
Campbellsville
Campton
Carlisle
Carrollton
Catlettsburg
Clinton
Columbia
Covington
Cynthiana
Danville
Dixon
Eddyville
Edmonton
Elizabethtown
Elkton
Falmouth
Flemingsburg
Frankfort
Franklin
Frenchburg
Georgetown
Glasgow
Grayson
Greensburg
Greenup
Greenville
Hardinsburg
Harlan
Harrodsburg
Hartford
Hawesville
Hazard
Henderson
Hickman
Hindman
Hodgenville
Hopkinsville
Hyden
Independence
Inez
Irvine
Jackson
Jamestown
La Grange
Lancaster
Lawrenceburg
Lebanon
Leitchfield
Lexington
Liberty
London
Louisa
Louisville
Madisonville
Manchester
Marion
Mayfield
Maysville
McKee
Monticello
Morehead
Morganfield
Morgantown
Mount Olivet
Mount Sterling
Mount Vernon
Munfordville
Murray
New Castle
Newport
Nicholasville
Owensboro
Owenton
Owingsville
Paducah
Paintsville
Paris
Pikeville
Pineville
Prestonsburg
Princeton
Richmond
Russellville
Salyersville
Sandy Hook
Scottsville
Shelbyville
Shepherdsville
Smithland
Somerset
Springfield
Stanford
Stanton
Taylorsville
Tompkinsville
Vanceburg
Versailles
Warsaw
West Liberty
Whitesburg
Whitley City
Wickliffe
Williamsburg
Williamstown
Winchester
show
v
t
e
50 most populous cities of Kentucky
Louisville
Lexington
Bowling Green
Owensboro
Covington
Richmond
Georgetown
Florence
Hopkinsville
Nicholasville
Elizabethtown
Henderson
Independence
Frankfort
Jeffersontown
Paducah
Radcliff
Ashland
Murray
Madisonville
Erlanger
Winchester
St. Matthews
Danville
Fort Thomas
Shelbyville
Shively
Berea
Newport
Mount Washington
Glasgow
Bardstown
Shepherdsville
Lyndon
Somerset
Campbellsville
Lawrenceburg
Mayfield
Paris
Middlesboro
Alexandria
Versailles
Hillview
La Grange
Maysville
Franklin
Edgewood
Elsmere
Harrodsburg
Fort Mitchell
show
v
t
e
Midwestern United States
Topics
Culture
Geography
Economy
Government and Politics
History
Sports
States
Ohio
Kentucky
Indiana
Michigan
Illinois
Missouri
Iowa
Wisconsin
Minnesota
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
Major cities
Chicago
Detroit
Minneapolis
St. Paul
St. Louis
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Cincinnati
Louisville
Grand Rapids
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Milwaukee
Green Bay
Madison
Des Moines
Kansas City
Wichita
Omaha
Sioux Falls
Rapid City
Fargo
State capitals
Columbus
Frankfort
Indianapolis
Lansing
Springfield
Jefferson City
Des Moines
Madison
St. Paul
Bismarck
Pierre
Lincoln
Topeka
Portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb120489627 (data)
GND: 4138296-1
LCCN: n79022918
NARA: 10046039
VIAF: 144873293
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&oldid=863382244"
Categories:
Louisville, Kentucky
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Cities in Jefferson County, Kentucky
Louisville metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1778
Consolidated city-counties in the United States
Kentucky populated places on the Ohio River
1778 establishments in Virginia
Inland port cities and towns of the United States
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Webarchive template wayback links
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Use mdy dates from June 2018
Articles with short description
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles with hAudio microformats
Articles including recorded pronunciations (English)
Articles needing additional references from June 2014
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles with Curlie links
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikivoyage
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Bamanankan
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Diné bizaad
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Emiliàn e rumagnòl
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Gàidhlig
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Interlingue
Ирон
Italiano
עברית
Kapampangan
ქართული
Қазақша
Kernowek
Kiswahili
Kreyòl ayisyen
Кыргызча
Кырык мары
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
मराठी
მარგალური
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Piemontèis
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Sardu
Scots
Shqip
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Ślůnski
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
Volapük
Winaray
Yorùbá
粵語
中文
79 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 October 2018, at 12:34 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
/wiki/Louisville_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Louisville (disambiguation)

values:
/wiki/Gateway_to_the_South_(album)
mw-redirect
Gateway to the South (album)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: p

attrs: class style

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: Cathedral of the Assumption (Louisville, Kentucky)

values:
/wiki/File:Louisville_Metro_Flag.png
image
Flag of Louisville, Kentucky

values:
/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg
image
Louisville is located in the US

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/1_E%2B9_m%C2%B2
mw-redirect
1 E+9 m²

values: Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance), Kentucky

values: List of United States cities by population

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone_(North_America)
mw-redirect
Eastern Time Zone (North America)

values: Federal Information Processing Standards

values:
nofollow
http://louisvilleky.gov/
external text

values:
/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio
mw-redirect
Falls of the Ohio

values:
/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken
mw-redirect
Kentucky Fried Chicken

values:
/wiki/Louisville_Slugger
mw-redirect
Louisville Slugger

values:
/wiki/Worldport_(UPS_air_hub)
mw-redirect
Worldport (UPS air hub)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: Edit section: Early history and founding

values: Painting of the head and shoulders of an older, gray-haired, balding man in a colonial-era military uniform (blue jacket with white lapels and gold epaullettes)

values: Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area

values: France in the American Revolutionary War

values: Louisville, Kentucky, in the American Civil War

values: Artist's rendering of Main Street in Louisville as it appeared in 1846

values: Western Theater of the American Civil War

values:
/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis_Clark,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Meriwether Lewis Clark, Jr.

values: March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak

values: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

values:
/wiki/C-46_Commando
mw-redirect
C-46 Commando

values:
/wiki/East_Market_District
mw-redirect
East Market District

values:
/wiki/Micropolitan_Statistical_Area
mw-redirect
Micropolitan Statistical Area

values:
/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio
mw-redirect
Cincinnati, Ohio

values:
/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana
mw-redirect
Indianapolis, Indiana

values: List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area

values: Louisville Panorama from Jeffersonville, Indiana. Second St Bridge on the foreground

values: thumb tnone thumbinner noresize overflowbugx

values: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:2108px; overflow:auto;

values: background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FF942A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #8787FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #DADA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: wikitable collapsible collapsed mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;

values: padding-right:3px; padding-left:3px; font-size:110%; text-align:center

values: text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black

values: border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:center

values: border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:right

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Median_household_income
mw-redirect
Median household income

values:
/wiki/Religion_in_Kentucky
mw-redirect
Religion in Kentucky

values: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville

values:
/wiki/Southern_Baptist
mw-redirect
Southern Baptist

values: Southeast Christian Church (Louisville, Kentucky)

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values: St. Stephen Church (Louisville, Kentucky) (page does not exist)

values: Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary

values: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

values:
/wiki/KentuckyOne_Health
mw-redirect
KentuckyOne Health

values: List of major employers in Louisville, Kentucky

values: List of companies and organizations based in Louisville

values:
/wiki/Industrial_classification
mw-redirect
Industrial classification

values: Belknap Hardware and Manufacturing Company

values: List of corporate collapses and scandals

values: Edit section: Annual festivals and other events

values:
/wiki/21c_Museum_Hotel
mw-redirect
21c Museum Hotel

values: Edit section: Museums, galleries and interpretive centers

values: List of museums in the Louisville metropolitan area

values:
/wiki/West_Main_District_(Louisville)
mw-redirect
West Main District (Louisville)

values:
/wiki/Kentucky_Museum_of_Art_and_Craft
mw-redirect
Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft

values: National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution

values: National Genealogical Research Library (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Art_gallery
mw-redirect
Art gallery

values:
/wiki/Upper_South
mw-redirect
Upper South

values:
/wiki/Ohio_River_Valley
mw-redirect
Ohio River Valley

values:
/wiki/Conrad-Caldwell_House
mw-redirect
Conrad-Caldwell House

values:
/wiki/Interpretive_center
mw-redirect
Interpretive center

values: United States Marine Hospital of Louisville

values:
/wiki/General_George_Patton_Museum
mw-redirect
General George Patton Museum

values:
/wiki/Farmington_Historic_Plantation
mw-redirect
Farmington Historic Plantation

values:
/wiki/Theater_in_Kentucky
mw-redirect
Theater in Kentucky

values: StageOne Family Theatre (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Charles_Farnsley
mw-redirect
Charles Farnsley

values:
/wiki/College_sports
mw-redirect
College sports

values: 2012–13 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team

values:
/wiki/2007_College_World_Series
mw-redirect
2007 College World Series

values:
/wiki/2013_College_World_Series
mw-redirect
2013 College World Series

values:
/wiki/2014_College_World_Series
mw-redirect
2014 College World Series

values:
/wiki/Louisville_Breckenridges
mw-redirect
Louisville Breckenridges

values:
/wiki/Louisville_Colonels_(NFL)
mw-redirect
Louisville Colonels (NFL)

values:
/wiki/NBA-ABA_merger
mw-redirect
NBA-ABA merger

values: Edit section: Current professional teams

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Premier_Development_League
mw-redirect
Premier Development League

values: Edit section: Parks and outdoor attractions

values:
/wiki/Louisville_Loop
mw-redirect
Louisville Loop

values: Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources

values:
/wiki/The_Parklands_of_Floyds_Fork
mw-redirect
The Parklands of Floyds Fork

values:
/wiki/Government_of_Kentucky
mw-redirect
Government of Kentucky

values: Jefferson Community and Technical College

values: Sullivan College of Technology and Design

values: Jefferson County Public Schools (Kentucky)

values:
/wiki/Alternative_weekly
mw-redirect
Alternative weekly

values:
/wiki/Roads_in_Louisville,_Kentucky
mw-redirect
Roads in Louisville, Kentucky

values:
/wiki/IATA_Airport_Code
mw-redirect
IATA Airport Code

values:
/wiki/Public_transportation
mw-redirect
Public transportation

values:
/wiki/Norfolk_Southern
mw-redirect
Norfolk Southern

values:
/wiki/Paducah_and_Louisville_Railway
mw-redirect
Paducah and Louisville Railway

values:
/wiki/Kentucky_Cardinal_(Amtrak)
mw-redirect
Kentucky Cardinal (Amtrak)

values: List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area

values:
/wiki/African_American
mw-redirect
African American

values:
/wiki/Sister_cities
mw-redirect
Sister cities

values: -moz-column-width: 22em; -webkit-column-width: 22em; column-width: 22em;

values:
/wiki/Online_poll
mw-redirect
Online poll

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: List of cities and towns along the Ohio River

values:
nofollow
external text
http://threadex.rcc-acis.org

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
https://www.ridetarc.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2204656

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/yes

values: The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/247857447

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2122744

values: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

values:
nofollow
http://ssclive.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.festivaloffaiths.org/
external text

values:
/wiki/The_Huffington_Post
mw-redirect
The Huffington Post

values:
nofollow
https://www.portoflouisville.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.firstfridayhop.com/
external text

values:
/wiki/Scarecrow_Press
mw-redirect
Scarecrow Press

values:
nofollow
http://www.derbycitydynamite.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.morganquitno.com/met05a.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.louisvilleky.gov/LWC

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.uky.edu/Subject/lama.html

values:
nofollow
http://sclou.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sclou.org/index.php?id=114

values:
nofollow
http://www.sclou.org/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Globe_Pequot
mw-redirect
Globe Pequot

values: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values:
nofollow
http://www.louisvilleky.gov/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.gotolouisville.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.lojic.org/
external text

values: Category:National Register of Historic Places in the Louisville metropolitan area

values:
navbox-image
8
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Category:Local landmarks in Louisville, Kentucky

values: Category:Local preservation districts in Louisville, Kentucky

values: Category:Cuisine of Louisville, Kentucky

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Template talk:Jefferson County, Kentucky

values:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Tourist attractions in Kentucky

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Western_Coal_Fields
mw-redirect
Western Coal Fields

values: Bowling Green, Kentucky metropolitan area

values:
/wiki/Owensboro_metropolitan_area
mw-redirect
Owensboro metropolitan area

values: Template talk:Largest cities of Kentucky

values: padding:0em 0.25em -moz-column-width: 13em; -webkit-column-width: 13em; column-width: 13em;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4138296-1

values: National Archives and Records Administration

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/144873293

values: Category:Cities in Jefferson County, Kentucky

values: Category:Populated places established in 1778

values: Category:Consolidated city-counties in the United States

values: Category:Kentucky populated places on the Ohio River

values: Category:1778 establishments in Virginia

values: Category:Inland port cities and towns of the United States

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Articles including recorded pronunciations (English)

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2014

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: لويفيل (كنتاكي) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: لوئیزویل، کنتاکی – South Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Луісьвіл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Louisville (kapital sa kondado sa Estados Unidos, Kentucky) – Cebuano

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Λούισβιλ (Κεντάκι) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: لوییویل، کنتاکی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Լուիսվիլ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ie
display: none;

values: Луисвилл – Ossetic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-os
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: לואיוויל – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Louisville-Jefferson County (balance), Kentucky – Pampanga

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pam
display: none;

values: ლუისვილი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Луйзвилл (Кентукки) – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values: Луйзвилл (Кентукки) – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisvilis
Luisvilis – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: लुईव्हिल – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Луисвилл – Russian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values: Луивил (Кентаки) – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: லூயிவில் (கென்டக்கி) – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: ลุยส์วิลล์ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Луїсвілл (Кентуккі) – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: لوئی ویل، کینٹکی – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: 路易維爾 (肯塔基州) – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Louisville_Kentucky rootpage-Louisville_Kentucky skin-vector action-view