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Westworld (season 2)
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Westworld (season 2)
Promotional poster
Starring
Evan Rachel Wood
Thandie Newton
Jeffrey Wright
James Marsden
Tessa Thompson
Fares Fares
Luke Hemsworth
Louis Herthum
Simon Quarterman
Talulah Riley
Rodrigo Santoro
Gustaf Skarsgård
Ed Harris
Ingrid Bolsø Berdal
Clifton Collins Jr.
Angela Sarafyan
Katja Herbers
Shannon Woodward
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
6
Release
Original network
HBO
Original release
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22) – present (present)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 1
List of Westworld episodes
The second season of the American science fiction western television series Westworld (subtitled The Door) premiered on HBO on April 22, 2018. It will consist of ten episodes and is scheduled to conclude on June 24, 2018. The series was renewed for a second season in November 2016.
The television series was created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, and it is based on the 1973 film of the same name, written and directed by Michael Crichton. Among the series' ensemble cast, it stars Evan Rachel Wood, Thandie Newton, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden, Ed Harris, and features several new cast members.
The second season has received positive reviews from critics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Guest
2 Episodes
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Broadcast
4.2 Marketing
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
6 References
7 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Westworld characters
Main[edit]
Evan Rachel Wood as Dolores Abernathy[1]
Thandie Newton as Maeve Millay[1]
Jeffrey Wright as Bernard Lowe / Arnold Weber[1]
James Marsden as Teddy Flood[2]
Tessa Thompson as Charlotte Hale[3]
Fares Fares as Antoine Costa[4]
Luke Hemsworth as Ashley Stubbs[3]
Louis Herthum as Peter Abernathy[5]
Simon Quarterman as Lee Sizemore[3]
Talulah Riley as Angela[6]
Rodrigo Santoro as Hector Escaton[7]
Gustaf Skarsgård as Karl Strand[4]
Ed Harris as William, also known as the Man in Black[1]
Ingrid Bolsø Berdal as Armistice[8]
Clifton Collins Jr. as Lawrence[9]
Angela Sarafyan as Clementine Pennyfeather[3]
Katja Herbers as Emily, also known as Grace[10]
Shannon Woodward as Elsie Hughes[3]
Recurring[edit]
Betty Gabriel as Maling[4]
Steven Ogg as Rebus[11]
Christopher May as Blaine
Anthony Hopkins as Robert Ford[12]
Jimmi Simpson as young William[13]
Zahn McClarnon as Akecheta[14][15]
Peter Mullan as James Delos[16]
Jonathan Tucker as Major Craddock[17]
Leonardo Nam as Felix Lutz[18]
Ptolemy Slocum as Sylvester
Martin Sensmeier as Wanahton
Tantoo Cardinal as Ehawee
Currie Graham as Craig
Lena Georgas as Lori
Rinko Kikuchi as Akane[19]
Hiroyuki Sanada as Musashi[20]
Tao Okamoto as Hanaryo[15]
Kiki Sukezane as Sakura[15]
Masayoshi Haneda as Tanaka
Masaru Shinozuka as Shogun
Lili Simmons as New Clementine Pennyfeather
Rebecca Henderson as Goldberg
Timothy V. Murphy as Coughlin
Ronnie Gene Blevins as Engels
Erica Luttrell as New Mother
Julia Jones as Kohana[15]
Guest[edit]
Oliver Bell as Little Boy, also known as young Robert Ford[21]
Ben Barnes as Logan Delos[22]
Giancarlo Esposito as New El Lazo
Neil Jackson as Nicholas[17]
Fredric Lehne as Colonel Brigham
Episodes[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
11
1 "Journey into Night" Richard J. Lewis Lisa Joy & Roberto Patino April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22) 201 2.06[23]
In the hours following the massacre of the Delos board members, Bernard and Charlotte take shelter in an underground bunker, where they resolve to work together in locating the decommissioned Peter Abernathy and securing aid. Dolores, who has embarked on a bloody campaign to hunt the survivors, tells Teddy her programming has caused her personas to merge and that she has greater plans for the hosts. Maeve recruits Hector and forces Lee to help her find her daughter. William, who also survived the massacre, encounters the young Robert Ford host, who reveals that a game designed just for him has commenced. Two weeks later, a security team sent by Delos to reassert control over Westworld finds Bernard and enlists his help in investigating a series of anomalies. The investigation leads them to a lagoon filled with hundreds of dead hosts that Bernard claims to have killed.
12
2 "Reunion" Vincenzo Natali Carly Wray & Jonathan Nolan April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29) 202 1.85[24]
In a flashback, Arnold organizes a demonstration of the hosts to convince Logan to invest in Westworld. Logan's father, James Delos, is critical of his son's actions until William persuades him that the park can be used to spy on the guests. James proceeds to buy out the park and name William as his successor. Dolores encounters an embittered Logan, who tells her that they have doomed humanity. William shows her a special project that he is constructing within the park. In the present day, Dolores raids a refurbishment outpost and shows Teddy his true nature as a host. She then decides to recruit the Confederados to her cause and reveals she is searching for "the Valley Beyond", which houses a weapon that can be used against the humans. William rescues Lawrence and heads to Pariah to recruit the host currently playing El Lazo. El Lazo, however, passes on a message from Ford, stating that William must complete the game on his own. He and his gang then commit mass suicide to prevent William from recruiting them. Undeterred by the setback, William continues on his quest to destroy his "greatest mistake".
13
3 "Virtù e Fortuna" Richard J. Lewis Roberto Patino & Ron Fitzgerald May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06) 203 1.63[25]
Charlotte and Bernard track down the decommissioned Peter Abernathy only to be caught by the Confederados and separated, with Charlotte regrouping with a Delos security team. Dolores, who has secured support from the Confederados' leader Major Craddock, discovers that Peter is malfunctioning and orders Bernard to find the problem. In doing so, he learns that Peter is being tracked by an unknown entity. Dolores and her allies proceed to battle the security team, which Charlotte uses as a distraction to abduct Peter. Dolores wins the battle by sacrificing most of the Confederados. Maeve, Hector, and Lee reunite with Armistice, Felix, and Sylvester after an attack orchestrated by Ghost Nation hosts forces them to return to the underground levels. The party reenters the park only for a samurai host to charge at them. Elsewhere, a guest at a British Raj-themed park flees rogue hosts and escapes into Westworld, where she is surrounded by Ghost Nation hosts.
14
4 "The Riddle of the Sphinx" Lisa Joy Gina Atwater & Jonathan Nolan May 13, 2018 (2018-05-13) 204 1.59[26]
Bernard finds himself in a cave in an isolated section of Westworld. He discovers Elsie Hughes chained up inside, having abandoned her there while operating under Ford's influence. They explore a hidden bunker in the cave and find an insane host of James Delos. A series of flashbacks reveal that William and James attempted to recreate James' consciousness in a host body to achieve immortality. However, the experiment repeatedly failed and William shut it down. Bernard recalls that Ford had him retrieve the control unit of a second host-human hybrid, but cannot recall for whom it was intended. In the park, William and Lawrence return to Lawrence's home to find it overrun by Craddock and the surviving Confederados. Craddock torments the other hosts for sport until William and Lawrence overpower the Confederados and kill Craddock. Speaking through Lawrence's daughter, Ford warns William that one good deed does not redeem him. William rides west with the townspeople in tow where they meet Grace, who reveals herself to be William's daughter Emily.
15
5 "Akane no Mai" Craig Zobel Dan Dietz May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20) 205 1.55[27]
In Westworld, Dolores questions what to do with Teddy. She concludes that he is a decent person but his decency makes him a liability and has him reprogrammed against his will. At the edge of the park, Maeve's party is captured and escorted into a shogunate-themed park designed to be more extreme than Westworld called Shogunworld. They are taken to a nearby town where they meet Akane, a geisha who plays a similar role to Maeve. Akane is negotiating with a local shogun, but when she kills the shogun's emissary, he retaliates by sending ninjas to kidnap her daughter Sakura and samurai to subjugate the town. During the attack, Maeve forces a ninja to kill himself without voicing a command. Maeve, Akane and Lee infiltrate the shogun's camp to rescue Sakura and find the shogun is damaged and unstable. Akane kills the shogun after he kills Sakura and Maeve wordlessly forces his samurai to turn on one another. She, Akane and Lee regroup as the shogun's army attack the camp.
16
6 "Phase Space" Tarik Saleh Carly Wray May 27, 2018 (2018-05-27) 206 1.11[28]
Maeve and her group help Akane mourn Sakura's death before they leave via the underground tunnels. Akane and Musashi decide to stay behind. Returning to Westworld, Maeve finds her daughter Anna but discovers another host playing her mother. The Ghost Nation attacks and Akechata asks Maeve to follow him. Charlotte and Ashley bring Peter back to the Mesa and signal for extraction, bringing a group of mercenaries that take over from the Delos' security team. Dolores and her group use the train filled with explosives to blow their way into the Mesa to look for Peter. Bernard and Elsie return to the Mesa separately and find that the Cradle, the central repository of host data, has somehow hijacked the park's systems. Bernard uses a host-interface machine to insert himself directly into the Cradle. Within this space, modeled after Sweetwater, Bernard is surprised by Robert Ford waiting for him at the saloon.
17
7 "Les Ecorches"[29] Nicole Kassell[30] Jordan Goldberg & Ron Fitzgerald June 3, 2018 (2018-06-03) TBA TBD
18
8 "Kiksuya"[31] TBA TBA June 10, 2018 (2018-06-10) TBA TBD
19
9 "Vanishing Point"[32] TBA TBA June 17, 2018 (2018-06-17) TBA TBD
20
10 "The Passenger"[33] Frederick E.O. Toye[34] TBA June 24, 2018 (2018-06-24) TBA TBD
Production[edit]
The series received a second season renewal in November 2016, with its debut occurring in 2018.[35]
Casting began in 2017, with a bulk of the first season's core cast confirmed to return for the new season throughout the year. Talulah Riley and Louis Herthum, who appeared as Angela and Peter Abernathy respectively, were upgraded to main cast status in March.[36][37]
In July 2017, Katja Herbers, Neil Jackson and Jonathan Tucker were among the new cast members to be announced.[38][39] Gustaf Skarsgård, Fares Fares and Betty Gabriel joined in August.[40]
It was announced in September that Hiroyuki Sanada was cast in a major recurring role.[41] Zahn McClarnon was announced as being cast in November, along with the news he had been injured in an off-set incident, causing a brief pause in the season's filming.[42] An alternate version of the show's Super Bowl LII trailer revealed Peter Mullan had been cast, playing James Delos.[43] An additional trailer in March revealed Rinko Kikuchi was cast as well.[44] The cast was rounded out a few weeks prior to the season's April 22 premiere with Tao Okamoto, Kiki Sukezane and Julia Jones.[45]
Filming began in the summer of 2017. Harris stated in an interview that, to ensure the production remain on schedule, scenes for episodes later in the season would be filmed simultaneously with earlier episodes.[46] As a result of the December 2017 Southern California wildfires, production was halted once again following the November shutdown due to McClarnon's injury.[47]
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The season premiere debuted on April 16 at the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood, on April 18 at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival and had many early screenings around the world prior to its April 22 airing.[48][49] Showrunners Nolan and Joy revealed that certain episodes will be "super sized", running longer than the regular 60 minutes per episode from the previous season.[50]
Marketing[edit]
During the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, an immersive experience was set up for attendees in addition to a panel held by the producers and cast of the series. The first trailer for the season was aired as well.[51][52] A second, full-length trailer was aired during Super Bowl LII.[53]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 94% approval rating for the second season, based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 7.96/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Westworld builds on its experimental first season, diving deeper into the human side of AI without losing any of its stylish, bloody glory." The average rating for individual episodes is 93%.[54] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 76 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[55]
Westworld (season 2): Critical reception by episode
Season 2 (2018): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[54]
Critics received the first five episodes of this season as screeners before the first episode premiered.[56][57] In a positive review for San Francisco Chronicle, David Wiegand wrote, "there is plenty of action and violence in the first half of the season, but what will empower the show’s longevity is its metaphysical theme, the exploration of the meaning and definition of human existence."[58] Rob Owen of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette also praised the series saying "It takes a bit for Westworld to get back up to full steam, but by episode three (five hours were made available to TV critics), this futuristic, violent drama returns to fine form, introducing new parts of the park (Shogun World!), new characters and apparently new technology goals on the part of Delos, the corporation that owns Westworld.[59] Journalist Lorraine Ali of the Los Angeles Times said, "It's poised to be a intellectually stimulating and emotionally bumpy ride, where the very concept of your existence becomes the stuff of high-brow entertainment and low-bar thrills."[60]
The New York Times TV critic James Poniewozik quipped, "don’t expect too much improvement too fast from Westworld 2.0. It’s still overly focused on balletic blood baths and narrative fake-outs, and much of the dialogue still sounds as if it were written as a tagline for a subway poster, like Dolores’s 'I have one last role to play: myself.' But Westworld remains a glorious production to look at, and there are stretches where it feels invigorated by its new, expanded world--freer to breathe, relax, invent."[61] Ben Travers of IndieWire wrote, "all around, the actors remain strong, including a number of new cast members. Where season 2 stumbles is its structure and pacing. Episodes don’t carve equal time for everyone; they focus on the two most connected stories and sometimes break for an entire hour without getting back to a series regular."[62] After the release of the third episode, Forbes criticized the season for departing too far from the show’s roots and instead trying to be an "action blockbuster", arguing in part that the violence was overdone in comparison to the first season.[63]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Journey into Night" April 22, 2018 0.9 2.06[23] 0.3 N/A 1.2[64][a] N/A
2 "Reunion" April 29, 2018 0.7 1.85[24] 0.5 1.09 1.2 2.94[65]
3 "Virtù e Fortuna" May 6, 2018 0.6 1.63[25] N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 "The Riddle of the Sphinx" May 13, 2018 0.6 1.59[26] 0.5 1.05 1.1 2.64[66]
5 "Akane no Mai" May 20, 2018 0.6 1.55[27] TBD TBD TBD TBD
Jump up ^ Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Wigler, Josh (February 5, 2018). "'Westworld' Season 2: All the Details (So Far)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lenker, Maureen Lee (January 11, 2018). "James Marsden: 'Westworld' season 2 is 'so much bigger'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Harp, Justin (March 1, 2018). "Westworld announces returning cast for season 2, including Tessa Thompson and more fan-favourites". Digital Spy. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Otterson, Joe (August 9, 2017). "'Westworld' Season 2 Adds Three Actors, Including 'Vikings' Star". Variety. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 27, 2017). "'Westworld': Louis Herthum Upped To Series Regular For Season 2 On HBO". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (March 23, 2017). "Westworld season 2 makes Talulah Riley a (very deadly) series regular". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Moir, Dylan (August 14, 2017). "Rodrigo Santoro Confirmed for Westworld Season 2! - Westworld Watchers". Westworld Watchers. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly (December 5, 2016). "Westworld EPs Dish Dolores' Decision, Ford's Plan, Other Parks and Season 2: 'We're Gonna See a Lot of Flies'". TVLine. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Clifton Collins Jr. [@ccollinsjr] (July 11, 2017). "Here's to kiccing off day 1 @westworld on Mr. Yul Brynners bday 🙌🎥" (Tweet). Retrieved April 14, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie; Petski, Denise (July 11, 2017). "'Westworld': Katja Herbers Cast As New Series Regular For Season 2 Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 12, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Davis, Brandon (March 2, 2018). "Steven Ogg Teases "Tricky" 'Westworld' Season 2". Comicbook.com. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (April 22, 2018). "So, Is Anthony Hopkins Really Gone From 'Westworld'?". Uproxx. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Laura (January 10, 2018). "Jimmi Simpson Is Coming Back in Westworld Season 2—but How?". Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stedman, Alex (November 3, 2017). "'Westworld' Actor Zahn McClarnon Hospitalized, Season 2 Production Paused". Variety. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Petski, Denise (April 10, 2018). "'Westworld' Rounds Out Recurring Cast Ahead Of Season 2". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (February 5, 2018). "New Westworld site reveals there are actually 6 parks". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Petski, Denise (July 21, 2017). "'Westworld': Neil Jackson & Jonathan Tucker Cast In Season 2 Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Joanna (February 4, 2018). "Westworld Season 2: The Disturbing Truth Behind That Super Bowl Promo". Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (March 29, 2018). "Westworld casts Rinko Kikuchi in season 2". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (September 15, 2017). "'Westworld': Hiroyuki Sanada Set To Recur In Season 2 Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (February 28, 2018). "Westworld season 2 brings back several missing characters". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Molly (November 2, 2017). "Westworld: Ben Barnes Confirms Return for Season 2". Screen Rant. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 24, 2018). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Westworld' Season 2 opens on par with series debut". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 1, 2018). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Westworld' and 'Fear the Walking Dead' dip". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 8, 2018). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Westworld,' 'Silicon Valley,' 'Fear the Walking Dead' all dip". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 15, 2018). "Sunday cable ratings: Lifetime's 'Harry & Meghan' movie performs well". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (May 22, 2018). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Fear the Walking Dead' dips opposite NBA Playoffs". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 30, 2018). "Sunday cable ratings: ESPN gets huge numbers for Cavaliers-Celtics Game 7". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Westworld 17: Les Ecorches". HBO. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kassell, Nicole. "Countdown is on! Tonight begins WW 2. June 3 brings number 7 and my contribution to the CHAOS. Tune in!". Instagram. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Westworld 18: Kiksuya". HBO. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Westworld 19: Vanishing Point". HBO. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Westworld 20: The Passenger". HBO. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "BFI Southbank to host World Premiere of the feature length finale of Westworld Season 2" (PDF). BFI. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (November 14, 2016). "'Westworld' Renewed for Second Season at HBO, May Not Return Until 2018". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (March 23, 2017). "'Westworld' Season 2 Makes Talulah Riley a Series Regular". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 27, 2017). "'Westworld': Louis Herthum Upped To Series Regular For Season 2 On HBO". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Nellie Andreeva,Denise (July 11, 2017). "'Westworld': Katja Herbers Cast As New Series Regular For Season 2 Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 21, 2017). "'Westworld': Neil Jackson & Jonathan Tucker Cast In Season 2 Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (August 10, 2017). "'Westworld' Season 2 Adds Three Actors, Including 'Vikings' Star". Variety. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (September 15, 2017). "'Westworld': Hiroyuki Sanada Set To Recur In Season 2 Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stedman, Alex (November 3, 2017). "'Westworld' Actor Zahn McClarnon Hospitalized, Season 2 Production Paused". Variety. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (February 5, 2018). "Secret new 'Westworld' site reveals there are actually 6 parks". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (March 29, 2018). "'Westworld' casts 'Pacific Rim' star Rinko Kikuchi in season 2". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (April 10, 2018). "'Westworld' Rounds Out Recurring Cast Ahead Of Season 2". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Foutch, Haleigh (October 5, 2017). "Ed Harris on 'Westworld' Season 2's "Insane" Filming Schedule, Secrecy, and More". Collider. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Poddig, Carolyn (December 5, 2017). "Westworld Season 2 Shuts Down Production Amid California Wildfires". Screen Rant. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wigler, Josh (April 17, 2018). "Welcome to 'Westworld': Inside the HBO Drama's Season 2 Hollywood Premiere". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Chuba, Kirsten (April 12, 2018). "'Westworld,' 'Sweetbitter' to Premiere at 2018 Tribeca Film Festival". Variety. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (April 18, 2018). "Westworld season 2 to have several super-sized episodes". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wigler, Josh (July 20, 2017). "Welcome to 'Westworld': An Inside Look at the Comic-Con Experience". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wigler, Josh (July 24, 2017). "'Westworld' Season 2: 7 Surprises From the Comic-Con Trailer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Westworld' Season 2 Gets Eerie Trailer, Premiere Date During Super Bowl". Variety. February 4, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Westworld: Season 2 (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Westworld: Season 2". Metacritic. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hutchinson, Lee (April 13, 2018). "Westworld season 2: 'The puppet show is over and we are coming for you'". Ars Technica. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Renfro, Kim (April 13, 2018). "REVIEW: 'Westworld' fans will love the violent delights and new mysteries offered up on season 2". INSIDER. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wiegand, David (April 17, 2018). "'Westworld' comes undone — brilliantly — in new season". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Owen, Rob (April 19, 2018). "Tuned In: Dystopian delight: 'Westworld,' 'Handmaid's Tale' return in fine, dark form". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ali, Lorraine (April 20, 2018). "Fun and head games, terror and bloody revolt in 'Westworld's' smart, action-packed season two". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Poniewozik, James (April 18, 2018). "Review: 'Westworld' Gets a Partial Upgrade for Season 2". The New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Travers, Ben (April 13, 2018). "'Westworld' Review: Season 2 Is Trapped Inside Its Own Maze as It Makes Drastic Changes Too Slowly". IndieWire. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tassi, Paul (May 7, 2018). "'Westworld' Doesn't Really Work As An Action Blockbuster In Season 2". Forbes. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 30, 2018). "'Jersey Shore,' 'Fear the Walking Dead' get the biggest bumps in cable Live +3 ratings for April 16–22". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 10, 2018). "'Suits' finale gets solid bump in cable Live +7 ratings for April 23–29". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 24, 2018). "'Atlanta' finale gets a good boost in cable Live +7 ratings for May 7-13". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
External links[edit]
Science fiction portal
Television portal
Official website
List of Westworld episodes on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Westworld
Films
Westworld (1973)
Futureworld (1976)
Television
Beyond Westworld (1980)
Westworld
(2016–present)
Season 1
"The Original"
"Chestnut"
"The Stray"
"Dissonance Theory"
"Contrapasso"
"The Adversary"
"Trompe L'Oeil"
"Trace Decay"
"The Well-Tempered Clavier"
"The Bicameral Mind"
Season 2
"Journey into Night"
"Reunion"
"Virtù e Fortuna"
"The Riddle of the Sphinx"
"Akane no Mai"
"Phase Space"
Related
Characters
Soundtrack
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Mandrake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Mandrake (disambiguation).
The so-called "female" and "male" mandrakes, from a 1583 illustration
The flowers of a mandrake plant
A mandrake is the root of a plant, historically derived either from plants of the genus Mandragora found in the Mediterranean region, or from other species, such as Bryonia alba, the English mandrake, which have similar properties. The plants from which the root is obtained are also called "mandrakes". Mediterranean mandrakes are perennial herbaceous plants with ovate leaves arranged in a rosette, a thick upright root, often branched, and bell-shaped flowers followed by yellow or orange berries. They have been placed in different species by different authors. They are very variable perennial herbaceous plants with long thick roots (often branched) and almost no stem. The leaves are borne in a basal rosette, and are very variable in size and shape, with a maximum length of 45 cm (18 in). They are usually either elliptical in shape or wider towards the end (obovate), with varying degrees of hairiness.[1]
Because mandrakes contain deliriant hallucinogenic tropane alkaloids and the shape of their roots often resembles human figures, they have been associated with a variety of superstitious practices throughout history. They have long been used in magic rituals, today also in contemporary pagan traditions such as Wicca and Odinism.[2]
Contents
1 Toxicity
2 Folklore
2.1 In the Bible
2.2 Magic and witchcraft
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
Toxicity[edit]
All species of Mandragora contain highly biologically active alkaloids, tropane alkaloids in particular. The alkaloids make the plant, in particular the root and leaves, poisonous, via anticholinergic, hallucinogenic, and hypnotic effects. Anticholinergic properties can lead to asphyxiation. Accidental poisoning is not uncommon. Ingesting mandrake root is likely to have other adverse effects such as vomiting and diarrhea. The alkaloid concentration varies between plant samples. Clinical reports of the effects of consumption of Mediterranean mandrake include severe symptoms similar to those of atropine poisoning, including blurred vision, dilation of the pupils (mydriasis), dryness of the mouth, difficulty in urinating, dizziness, headache, vomiting, blushing and a rapid heart rate (tachycardia). Hyperactivity and hallucinations also occurred in the majority of patients.[3][4]
Folklore[edit]
The root is hallucinogenic and narcotic. In sufficient quantities, it induces a state of unconsciousness and was used as an anaesthetic for surgery in ancient times.[5] In the past, juice from the finely grated root was applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains.[5] It was also used internally to treat melancholy, convulsions, and mania.[5] When taken internally in large doses, however, it is said to excite delirium and madness.[5]
In the past, mandrake was often made into amulets which were believed to bring good fortune, cure sterility, etc. In one superstition, people who pull up this root will be condemned to hell, and the mandrake root would scream as it was pulled from the ground, killing anyone who heard it.[2] Therefore, in the past, people have tied the roots to the bodies of animals and then used these animals to pull the roots from the soil.[2]
In the Bible[edit]
Two references to דודאים (dûdâ'îm)—literally meaning "love plant"—occur in the Jewish scriptures. The Septuagint translates דודאים as μανδραγόρας (mandragóras), and the Vulgate follows the Septuagint. A number of later translations into different languages follow Septuagint (and Vulgate) and use mandrake as the plant as the proper meaning in both the Book of Genesis 30:14–16 and Song of Songs 7:12-13. Others follow the example of the Luther Bible and provide a more literal translation.
In Genesis 30:14, Reuben, the eldest son of Jacob and Leah, finds mandrake in a field. Rachel, Jacob's infertile second wife and Leah's sister, is desirous of the דודאים and barters with Leah for them. The trade offered by Rachel is for Leah to spend that night in Jacob's bed in exchange for Leah's דודאים. Leah gives away the plant to her barren sister, but soon after this (Genesis 30:14–22), Leah, who had previously had four sons but had been infertile for a long while, became pregnant once more and in time gave birth to two more sons, Issachar and Zebulun, and a daughter, Dinah. Only years after this episode of her asking for the mandrakes did Rachel manage to become pregnant.
14 And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, Give me, I pray thee, of thy son's mandrakes.
15 And she said unto her, Is it a small matter that thou hast taken my husband? and wouldest thou take away my son's mandrakes also? And Rachel said, Therefore he shall lie with thee to night for thy son's mandrakes.
16 And Jacob came out of the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, Thou must come in unto me; for surely I have hired thee with my son's mandrakes. And he lay with her that night.
—  the Bible, King James Version, Genesis 30:14–16[6]
A number of other plants have been suggested by biblical scholars,[citation needed] e.g., most notably, ginseng, which looks similar to the mandrake root and reputedly has fertility enhancing properties, for which it was picked by Reuben in the Bible; blackberries, Zizyphus lotus, the sidr of the Arabs, the banana, lily, citron, and fig. Sir Thomas Browne, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica, ch. VII, suggested the dudai'im of Genesis 30:14 is the opium poppy, because the word duda'im may be a reference to a woman's breasts.
The final verses of Chapter 7 of Song of Songs (Song of Songs 7:12–13), are:
נַשְׁכִּ֙ימָה֙ לַכְּרָמִ֔ים נִרְאֶ֞ה אִם פָּֽרְחָ֤ה הַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ פִּתַּ֣ח הַסְּמָדַ֔ר הֵנֵ֖צוּ הָרִמֹּונִ֑ים שָׁ֛ם אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־דֹּדַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ הַֽדּוּדָאִ֣ים נָֽתְנוּ-רֵ֗יחַ וְעַל-פְּתָחֵ֙ינוּ֙ כָּל-מְגָדִ֔ים חֲדָשִׁ֖ים גַּם-יְשָׁנִ֑ים דּוֹדִ֖י צָפַ֥נְתִּי לָֽךְ:
12 Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if the vine flourish, whether the tender grape appear, and the pomegranates bud forth: there will I give thee my loves.
13 The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits, new and old, which I have laid up for thee, O my beloved.
—  the Bible, King James Version, Song of Songs 7:12–13[7]
Magic and witchcraft[edit]
Mandragora, from Tacuinum Sanitatis (1474).
According to the legend, when the root is dug up, it screams and kills all who hear it. Literature includes complex directions for harvesting a mandrake root in relative safety. For example, Josephus (circa 37–100 AD) of Jerusalem gives the following directions for pulling it up:
A furrow must be dug around the root until its lower part is exposed, then a dog is tied to it, after which the person tying the dog must get away. The dog then endeavours to follow him, and so easily pulls up the root, but dies suddenly instead of his master. After this, the root can be handled without fear.[8]
Excerpt from Chapter XVI, "Witchcraft and Spells", of Transcendental Magic: Its Doctrine and Ritual by nineteenth-century occultist and ceremonial magician Eliphas Levi.
The following is taken from Jean-Baptiste Pitois' The History and Practice of Magic:
Would you like to make a Mandragora, as powerful as the homunculus (little man in a bottle) so praised by Paracelsus? Then find a root of the plant called bryony. Take it out of the ground on a Monday (the day of the moon), a little time after the vernal equinox. Cut off the ends of the root and bury it at night in some country churchyard in a dead man's grave. For 30 days, water it with cow's milk in which three bats have been drowned. When the 31st day arrives, take out the root in the middle of the night and dry it in an oven heated with branches of verbena; then wrap it up in a piece of a dead man's winding-sheet and carry it with you everywhere.[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ungricht, Stefan; Knapp, Sandra & Press, John R. (1998). "A revision of the genus Mandragora (Solanaceae)". Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Botany Series). 28 (1): 17–40. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
^ Jump up to: a b c John Gerard (1597). "Herball, Generall Historie of Plants". Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.
Jump up ^ Jiménez-Mejías, M.E.; Montaño-Díaz, M.; López Pardo, F.; Campos Jiménez, E.; Martín Cordero, M.C.; Ayuso González, M.J. & González de la Puente, M.A. (1990-11-24). "Intoxicación atropínica por Mandragora autumnalis: descripción de quince casos [Atropine poisoning by Mandragora autumnalis: a report of 15 cases]". Medicina Clínica. 95 (18): 689–692. PMID 2087109.
Jump up ^ Piccillo, Giovita A.; Mondati, Enrico G. M. & Moro, Paola A. (2002). "Six clinical cases of Mandragora autumnalis poisoning: diagnosis and treatment". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 9 (4): 342–347. doi:10.1097/01.mej.0000043855.56375.a7. PMID 12501035.
^ Jump up to: a b c d A Modern Herbal, first published in 1931, by Mrs. M. Grieve, contains Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-Lore.
Jump up ^ "Genesis 30:14–16 (King James Version)". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Song of Songs 7:12–13 (King James Version)". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
Jump up ^ James Hastings (October 2004). A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume III: (Part I: Kir -- Nympha). University Press of the Pacific. ISBN 978-1-4102-1726-4. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Jump up ^ pp. 402-403, by Paul Christian. 1963
Further reading[edit]
Heiser, Charles B. Jr (1969). Nightshades, The Paradoxical Plant, 131-136. W. H. Freeman & Co. SBN 7167 0672-5.
Thompson, C. J. S. (reprint 1968). The Mystic Mandrake. University Books.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mandragora.
Wikispecies has information related to Mandragora
Erowid Mandrake Vault
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mandrake". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Mandragora in Wildflowers of Israel
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(Moxy) 5-MeO-MiPT
MiPT
Others
4-HO-DBT
4-HO-EPT
4-HO-McPT
(Lucigenol) 4-HO-MPMI
(Meprocin) 4-HO-MPT
5-MeO-EiPT
5-MeO-MALT
5-MeO-MPMI
Aeruginascin
Baeocystin
DBT
DCPT
EiPT
EPT
MPT
PiPT
Others
5-MeO-DiBF
AL-38022A
ALPHA
Dimemebfe
Efavirenz
Lorcaserin
M-ALPHA
RH-34
Also empathogens in general (e. g.: 5-APB, 5-MAPB, 6-APB and other substituted benzofurans, MDAI, MDMA).
Dissociatives
(NMDAR
antagonists)
Arylcyclo‐
hexylamines
Ketamine-related
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine
Arketamine ((R)-ketamine)
Deschloroketamine
Ethketamine (N-Ethylnorketamine)
Esketamine ((S)-ketamine)
Ketamine
Methoxetamine
Methoxmetamine
Methoxyketamine
Norketamine
Tiletamine
PCP-related
3'-HO-PCP
3'-MeO-PCE
3'-MeO-PCMo
3'-MeO-PCP
BDPC
Dieticyclidine (PCDE)
Eticyclidine (PCE)
Methoxydine (4'-MeO-PCP)
PCPr
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Rolicyclidine (PCPy)
Tenocyclidine (TCP)
Others
BTCP
Gacyclidine
PRE-084
Diarylethylamines
Diphenidine
Ephenidine
Fluorolintane
Methoxphenidine
Morphinans
Dextrallorphan
Dextromethorphan
Dextrorphan
Racemethorphan
Racemorphan
Others
2-EMSB
2-MDP
8A-PDHQ
Aptiganel
Budipine
Delucemine
Dexoxadrol
Dizocilpine
Etoxadrol
Herkinorin
Ibogaine
Midafotel
NEFA
Neramexane
Nitrous oxide
Noribogaine
Perzinfotel
RB-64
Remacemide
Salvinorin A
Selfotel
Xenon
Deliriants
(mAChR
antagonists)
Atropine
Benactyzine
Benzatropine
Benzydamine
Biperiden
BRN-1484501
Brompheniramine
BZ
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Chloropyramine
Chlorphenamine
Clemastine
CS-27349
Cyclizine
Cyproheptadine
Dicycloverine
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine
Ditran
Doxylamine
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Elemicin
Flavoxate
Hyoscyamine
JB-318
JB-336
Meclozine
Mepyramine
Myristicin
Orphenadrine
Oxybutynin
Pheniramine
Phenyltoloxamine
Procyclidine
Promethazine
Scopolamine
Tolterodine
Trihexyphenidyl
Tripelennamine
Triprolidine
WIN-2299
Others
Cannabinoids
(CB1 agonists)
Natural
THC (Dronabinol)
THCV
Synthetic
AM-x
AM-087
AM-251
AM-279
AM-281
AM-356
AM-374
AM-381
AM-404
AM-411
AM-630
AM-661
AM-678
AM-679
AM-694
AM-735
AM-855
AM-881
AM-883
AM-905
AM-906
AM-919
AM-926
AM-938
AM-1116
AM-1172
AM-1220
AM-1221
AM-1235
AM-1241
AM-1248
AM-1710
AM-1714
AM-1902
AM-2201
AM-2212
AM-2213
AM-2232
AM-2233
AM-2389
AM-3102
AM-4030
AM-4054
AM-4056
AM-4113
AM-6545
CP x
CP 47,497
CP 55,244
CP 55,940
(±)-CP 55,940
(+)-CP 55,940
(-)-CP 55,940
HU-x
HU-210
HU-211
HU-239
HU-243
HU-308
HU-320
HU-331
HU-336
HU-345
JWH-x
JWH-007
JWH-015
JWH-018
JWH-019
JWH-030
JWH-047
JWH-048
JWH-051
JWH-057
JWH-073
JWH-081
JWH-098
JWH-116
JWH-120
JWH-122
JWH-133
JWH-139
JWH-147
JWH-148
JWH-149
JWH-149
JWH-161
JWH-164
JWH-166
JWH-167
JWH-171
JWH-175
JWH-176
JWH-181
JWH-182
JWH-184
JWH-185
JWH-192
JWH-193
JWH-193
JWH-194
JWH-195
JWH-196
JWH-197
JWH-198
JWH-199
JWH-200
JWH-203
JWH-205
JWH-210
JWH-210
JWH-213
JWH-220
JWH-229
JWH-234
JWH-249
JWH-250
JWH-251
JWH-253
JWH-258
JWH-300
JWH-302
JWH-307
JWH-336
JWH-350
JWH-359
JWH-387
JWH-398
JWH-424
Misc. designer cannabinoids
4-HTMPIPO
5F-AB-FUPPYCA
5F-AB-PINACA
5F-ADB
5F-ADB-PINACA
5F-ADBICA
5F-AMB
5F-APINACA
5F-CUMYL-PINACA
5F-NNE1
5F-PB-22
5F-SDB-006
A-796,260
A-836,339
AB-001
AB-005
AB-CHFUPYCA
AB-CHMINACA
AB-FUBINACA
AB-PINACA
ADAMANTYL-THPINACA
ADB-CHMINACA
ADB-FUBINACA
ADB-PINACA
ADBICA
ADSB-FUB-187
AMB-FUBINACA
APICA
APINACA
APP-FUBINACA
CB-13
CUMYL-PICA
CUMYL-PINACA
CUMYL-THPINACA
DMHP
EAM-2201
FAB-144
FDU-PB-22
FUB-144
FUB-APINACA
FUB-JWH-018
FUB-PB-22
FUBIMINA
JTE 7-31
JTE-907
Levonantradol
MDMB-CHMICA
MDMB-CHMINACA
MDMB-FUBINACA
MEPIRAPIM
MAM-2201
MDA-19
MN-18
MN-25
NESS-0327
NESS-040C5
Nabilone
Nabitan
NM-2201
NNE1
Org 28611
Parahexyl
PTI-1
PTI-2
PX-1
PX-2
PX-3
QUCHIC
QUPIC
RCS-4
RCS-8
SDB-005
SDB-006
STS-135
THC-O-acetate
THC-O-phosphate
THJ-018
THJ-2201
UR-144
WIN 55,212-2
XLR-11
D2 agonists
Apomorphine
Aporphine
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Lisuride
Memantine
Nuciferine
Pergolide
Phenethylamine
Piribedil
Pramipexole
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
Salvinorin A
Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, methamphetamine), and precursors (levodopa).
GABAA
enhancers
CI-966
Eszopiclone
Ibotenic acid
Muscimol (Amanita muscaria)
Zaleplon
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Inhalants
(Mixed MOA)
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Butane
Gasoline
Kerosene
Propane
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Toluene
Ethers
Diethyl ether
Enflurane
Haloalkanes
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chloroform
κOR agonists
2-EMSB
Alazocine
Bremazocine
Butorphan
Butorphanol
Cyclazocine
Cyclorphan
Cyprenorphine
Diprenorphine
Enadoline
Herkinorin
Heroin
HZ-2
Ibogaine
Ketazocine
Levallorphan
Levomethorphan
Levorphanol
LPK-26
Metazocine
Morphine
Nalbuphine
Nalmefene
Nalorphine
Noribogaine
Oxilorphan
Pentazocine
Phenazocine
Proxorphan
Racemethorphan
Racemorphan
Salvinorin A
Spiradoline
Tifluadom
U-50488
U-69,593
Xorphanol
Others
Glaucine
Isoaminile
Noscapine
Pukateine
show
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Ancient anaesthesia
Plants / animals
Aconitum (aconite)
Atropa belladonna (belladonna)
Cannabis
medical use
Castoreum
Coca
Conium (hemlock)
Datura innoxia (thorn-apple)
Datura metel (devil's trumpet)
Hyoscyamus niger (henbane)
Lactucarium
Mandragora officinarum (mandrake)
Opium
Saussurea (saw-wort)
Willow
People
Abulcasis
Avenzoar
Avicenna
Celsus
Dioscorides
Galen
Hippocrates
Rhazes
Sabuncuoğlu
Sushrutha
Theophrastus
Zhang
Compounds
Aconitine
Atropine
Cocaine
Coniine
Hyoscine
Δ9-THC
Hyoscyamine
Morphine
Salicylate
show
Acetylcholine receptor modulators
show
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e
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
mAChRs
Agonists
77-LH-28-1
AC-42
AC-260,584
Aceclidine
Acetylcholine
AF30
AF150(S)
AF267B
Alvameline
AQRA-741
Arecoline
Bethanechol
Bevonium
Butyrylcholine
Carbachol
CDD-0034
CDD-0078
CDD-0097
CDD-0098
CDD-0102
Cevimeline
Choline
cis-Dioxolane
Clozapine
Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
Ethoxysebacylcholine
Itameline
LY-593,039
L-689,660
LY-2,033,298
McNA343
Methacholine
Milameline
Muscarine
NGX-267
Ocvimeline
Oxotremorine
PD-151,832
Pilocarpine
RS86
Sabcomeline
SDZ 210-086
Sebacylcholine
Suberyldicholine
Talsaclidine
Tazomeline
Thiopilocarpine
Vedaclidine
VU-0029767
VU-0090157
VU-0152099
VU-0152100
VU-0238429
WAY-132,983
Xanomeline
YM-796
Antagonists
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol)
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), cinnarizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, meclizine, mepyramine (pyrilamine), mequitazine, perlapine, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, propiomazine, triprolidine)
AQ-RA 741
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine (+fluoxetine), rilapine, quetiapine, tenilapine, zotepine)
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium bromide
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol, +indacaterol)
Hexahydrodifenidol
Hexahydrosiladifenidol
Hexbutinol
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol)
Isopropamide
J-104,129
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
pFHHSiD
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
Revefenacin
Rociverine
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Silahexacyclium
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIs (e.g., femoxetine, paroxetine)
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tiquizium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine), amitriptylinoxide, butriptyline, cidoxepin, clomipramine, desipramine, desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin, dosulepin (dothiepin), doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nitroxazepine, northiaden (desmethyldosulepin), nortriptyline, protriptyline, quinupramine, trimipramine)
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tripitamine (tripitramine)
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cyamemazine (cyamepromazine), loxapine, mesoridazine, thioridazine)
Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol)
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin
Precursors
(and prodrugs)
Acetyl-coA
Adafenoxate
Choline (lecithin)
Citicoline
Cyprodenate
Dimethylethanolamine
Glycerophosphocholine
Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphorylcholine
Pirisudanol
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
show
v
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
nAChRs
Agonists
(and PAMs)
5-HIAA
A-84,543
A-366,833
A-582,941
A-867,744
ABT-202
ABT-418
ABT-560
ABT-894
Acetylcholine
Altinicline
Anabasine
Anatoxin-a
AR-R17779
Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
Butinoline
Butyrylcholine
Carbachol
Choline
Cotinine
Cytisine
Decamethonium
Desformylflustrabromine
Dianicline
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
Epibatidine
Epiboxidine
Ethanol (alcohol)
Ethoxysebacylcholine
EVP-4473
EVP-6124
Galantamine
GTS-21
Ispronicline
Ivermectin
JNJ-39393406
Levamisole
Lobeline
MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
Morantel
Nicotine (tobacco)
NS-1738
PHA-543,613
PHA-709,829
PNU-120,596
PNU-282,987
Pozanicline
Pyrantel
Rivanicline
RJR-2429
Sazetidine A
SB-206553
Sebacylcholine
SIB-1508Y
SIB-1553A
SSR-180,711
Suberyldicholine
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
TC-1698
TC-1734
TC-1827
TC-2216
TC-5214
TC-5619
TC-6683
Tebanicline
Tribendimidine
Tropisetron
UB-165
Varenicline
WAY-317,538
XY-4083
Antagonists
(and NAMs)
18-MAC
18-MC
α-Neurotoxins (e.g., α-bungarotoxin, α-cobratoxin, α-conotoxin, many others)
ABT-126
Alcuronium
Allopregnanolone
Amantadine
Anatruxonium
AQW051
Atracurium
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental)
BNC-210
Bungarotoxins (e.g., α-bungarotoxin, κ-bungarotoxin)
Bupropion
BW-A444
Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
Chlorisondamine
Cisatracurium
Coclaurine
Coronaridine
Curare
Cyclopropane
Dacuronium bromide
Decamethonium
Dehydronorketamine
Desflurane
Dextromethorphan
Dextropropoxyphene
Dextrorphan
Diadonium
DHβE
Dihydrochandonium
Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
Dioscorine
Dipyrandium
Dizocilpine (MK-801)
Doxacurium
Encenicline
Enflurane
Erythravine
Esketamine
Fazadinium
Gallamine
Gantacurium chloride
Halothane
Hexafluronium
Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
Hydroxybupropion
Hydroxynorketamine
Ibogaine
Isoflurane
Ketamine
Kynurenic acid
Laudanosine
Laudexium (laudolissin)
Levacetylmethadol
Levomethadone
Malouetine
ME-18-MC
Mecamylamine
Memantine
Methadone
Methorphan (racemethorphan)
Methyllycaconitine
Metocurine
Mivacurium
Morphanol (racemorphan)
Neramexane
Nitrous oxide
Norketamine
Pancuronium bromide
Pempidine
Pentamine
Pentolinium
Phencyclidine
Pipecuronium bromide
Progesterone
Promegestone
Radafaxine
Rapacuronium bromide
Reboxetine
Rocuronium bromide
Sevoflurane
Stercuronium iodide
Surugatoxin
Thiocolchicoside
Toxiferine
Tramadol
Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
Tropeinium
Tubocurarine
Vanoxerine
Vecuronium bromide
Xenon
Precursors
(and prodrugs)
Acetyl-coA
Adafenoxate
Choline (lecithin)
Citicoline
Cyprodenate
Dimethylethanolamine
Glycerophosphocholine
Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphorylcholine
Pirisudanol
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
show
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Living things in culture
Academic
disciplines
Anthrozoology
Ethnobiology
Ethnobotany
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Types
Ant
Bee
Mythology
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Woodworm
Other
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Types
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Vertebrates
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandrake&oldid=840251979"
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