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Ghostface (Scream)
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"Ghost Face" redirects here. For other uses, see ghostface (disambiguation).
Ghostface
Scream character
First appearance
Film series:
Scream (1996)
Television:
Scream (2018)
Last appearance
Film series:
Scream 4 (2011)
Created by
Wes Craven
Kevin Williamson
Portrayed by
Matthew Lillard
Skeet Ulrich
Laurie Metcalf
Timothy Olyphant
Scott Foley
Emma Roberts
Rory Culkin
Voiced by
Roger L. Jackson (film and television series)[1]
Mike Vaughn (television series)[2]
Information
Aliases
Father Death
The Icon of Halloween[3]
Pathology
Serial killer
Signature weapon
Buck Knife
M.O.
Taunting victims by phone
Stabbing, Throat Slitting, Disembowling (Gutting)
Location
Woodsboro, California[4]
Windsor College, Ohio[5]
Hollywood, California[6]
Atlanta, Georgia[7]
Part of a series on
Costume
Background[show]
History
Industry
Costume coordination
Use of costume in Athenian tragedy
Wardrobe supervisor
Society and culture[show]
Fursuit
Cosplay
Costume party
Masque
Masquerade ball
Parade
World Costume Festival
Design[show]
Costume design
Costume designer
Spirit gum
Elements and methods[show]
Body painting
Disguise
Fake moustache
Fatsuit
Illusion costume
Inflatable costume
Zentai
Traditional[show]
Faubourg Marigny Mardi Gras costumes
Folk costume
French Quarter Mardi Gras costumes
Halloween costume
Santa suit
Theatrical[show]
Costumed character
Creature suit
Dance costume
Domino mask
Gorilla suit
Kumadori
Leotard
Pantomime horse
Stage dress
Titan the Robot
Period[show]
Plague doctor costume
Modern dress
Children[show]
Sesame Street
Zoobilee Zoo
Fictional[show]
Batman's utility belt
Batsuit
Ghostface
Superman suit
Organizations[show]
Angels Costumes
Costume Designers Guild
Western Costume
Awards[show]
Laurence Olivier
AACTA
Academy Award
Africa Movie Academy
BAFTA
Critics' Choice
César
David di Donatello
Filmfare
Golden Arena
IIFA
National Film Award
Robert
Satellite
Costume Designers Guild (TV)
Costume Designers Guild (fantasy)
People[show]
Category:Costume designers
Museums[show]
Centre National du Costume de Scene
Costume Museum of Canada
Kastoria Costume Museum
Devonshire Collection of Period Costume
Korea Museum of Modern Costume
Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume
Museum of the History of the Greek Costume
Portugal National Museum of Costume and Fashion
Scotland National Museum of Costume
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Ghostface (alternatively stylized as Ghost Face or GhostFace) is a fictional identity adopted by several characters of the Scream series. The character is primarily mute but voiced by Roger L. Jackson, regardless of who is behind the mask. The character first appeared in Scream (1996) as a disguise used by teenagers Billy Loomis (Skeet Ulrich) and Stu Macher (Matthew Lillard), during their killing spree in the fictional town of Woodsboro. Ghostface was created by Wes Craven and Kevin Williamson. The mask is based on[citation needed] The Scream painting by Edvard Munch and was created and designed by Fun World costume company employee Brigitte Sleiertin as a Halloween costume, prior to being discovered by Marianne Maddalena and Craven for the film. The character is used primarily as a disguise for each of the antagonists of each film to conceal their identity, while conducting serial murders and as such has been portrayed by several actors.
In Scream, the identity is temporarily adopted by the killers' target, Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell), using it against them. In the Scream universe, the costume is not unique and is easily obtainable, allowing others to wear a similar outfit. Ghostface often calls its targets to taunt or threaten them while using a voice changer that hides its true identity. In Scream 3, this is taken further by Roman Bridger (Scott Foley) who uses a device that enables him to sound like several other characters, in order to manipulate targets. The changing identity of the person beneath the mask means that Ghostface has no definite motivation, ranging from revenge and seeking fame to "peer pressure". However, each killer shares the common goal of killing Sidney due to a chain of events indirectly caused by her mother Maureen Prescott (Lynn McRee).
Initially, Billy Loomis (Skeet Ulrich) created the identity with Stu Macher (Matthew Lillard) in order to kill Sidney because of her mother's affair with Billy's father. The Ghostface persona remains the same throughout the Scream series, featuring a black hood and cloak with a jagged base and a white rubber-mask resembling a ghost with a screaming expression. Though each iteration of Ghostface is human, they often exhibit extreme durability against physical harm, high levels of physical strength, and an almost supernatural stealth ability; able to appear and disappear in seemingly impossible situations. The character has often appeared in popular culture since its inception, referenced in film and television as well as spawning a series of action figures and merchandise.
In the MTV television series Scream, a different character named the Lakewood Slasher (also known as The Killer) appeared in the series for the first two seasons. On September 18, 2017, it was announced that the Ghostface mask is set to appear in the third season.[8] On October 10, 2017, Keke Palmer confirmed in an interview that Roger L. Jackson, who voiced Ghostface in the film series, would return for the third season, replacing Mike Vaughn, who served as the voice for The Killer in the first two seasons.[9]
Contents
1 Appearances
2 Concept and creation
3 Characterization
4 Cultural impact
5 References
6 External links
Appearances[edit]
Ghostface first appears in the opening scene of Scream (1996). The character, voiced by Roger L. Jackson, calls and taunts teenager Casey Becker (Drew Barrymore) with horror clichés and trivia questions, eventually murdering her boyfriend Steve Orth (Kevin Patrick Walls) in front of her before she herself is killed. The identity has been adopted by the primary antagonists of each successive film to conceal their identity, prior to being revealed in each film's final act.
Stu Macher (left) and Billy Loomis (right), the original Ghostface killers.
In the original Scream, the identity is used by a killer stalking the fictional town of Woodsboro, California. After the murder spree begins, Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell) begins receiving taunting and threatening phone calls from Ghostface, who claims knowledge of her mother Maureen Prescott (Lynn McRee)'s brutal murder, one year prior to the events of the film, a murder that was blamed on Cotton Weary (Liev Schreiber). The Ghostface disguise allows suspicion to fall on many people, including Sidney's boyfriend, Billy Loomis (Skeet Ulrich), her father, Neil Prescott (Lawrence Hecht), her friend, Randy Meeks (Jamie Kennedy), and her schoolmate, Stu Macher (Matthew Lillard). Ghostface is revealed in the finale as both Billy and Stu, who reveal that they murdered Sidney's mother and framed Cotton. Billy cites his motivation as abandonment by his mother (Laurie Metcalf), brought about by his father's affair with Maureen, while Stu cites "peer pressure". Sidney is able to gain an advantage against Billy and Stu, temporarily adopting the Ghostface persona herself to taunt them before killing Stu. Gale Weathers (Courteney Cox) shoots Billy to stop him from killing Sidney, who then finishes Billy off with a bullet to the head, citing the fact that "They ALWAYS get back up," a common horror cliche, and now her catchphrase. This is most likely one of the many tropes taught to her by Randy Meeks, who is obsessed with horror, and openly lists these cliches earlier in the film, during a party.
Ghostface's second appearance was in Scream 2 (1997) where it was again used as a disguise by the main antagonists. A series of murders occur at Windsor College, Sidney's current location, with the initial victims sharing names with Billy and Stu's victims from Scream. The killers again taunt Sidney and attempt to kill her and later kill Randy. The Ghostface disguise allows suspicion to fall on several characters, including Cotton, again, and Sidney's boyfriend Derek (Jerry O'Connell). However, Mickey (Timothy Olyphant), a friend of Derek, reveals himself as the killer, seeking fame for his prolific exploits. Mickey's accomplice is revealed to be Billy's mother, under the alias Debbie Salt, who is seeking revenge against Sidney for her son's death. Mrs. Loomis shoots Mickey, claiming to have indulged his desire for fame only to enlist his help in enacting her revenge, and tries to kill Sidney. With help from the exonerated Cotton, Sidney survives and Mrs. Loomis is killed. Seconds later, Mickey springs to his feet screaming, but is quickly shot to death by Gale and Sidney.
The story continues in Scream 3 (2000) where the identity of Ghostface is used to murder Cotton and his girlfriend Christine, in an attempt to discover the now-hidden Sidney's location. The killer leaves images of Maureen at the crime scenes to draw Sidney out of seclusion while murdering the cast of "Stab 3", the film within a film based on Sidney and her experiences with Ghostface. Ghostface is revealed as Sidney's half-brother Roman Bridger (Scott Foley), born to their mother Maureen during a two-year period when she moved to Hollywood to become an actress under the name Rina Reynolds. After being gang-raped and impregnated at a party, she gave Roman up for adoption who sought her out years later, only to be rejected, denying she had ever been Rina. Roman began stalking Maureen and filming her relationships with other men including Hank Loomis. He used this footage to reveal to Billy why his mother had "abandoned" him before convincing him to kill Maureen, sparking the chain of events in Scream and Scream 2. With Sidney's help, her friend Dewey Riley (David Arquette) manages to kill Roman, ending the series of murders based on his revenge against Maureen.
In Scream 4 (2011), another Ghostface killer emerges in Woodsboro on the 15th anniversary of the massacre conducted by Billy and Stu; the new killer recreates events from the incident, but also films the murders to create a snuff film. Ghostface kills several teenagers and police officers before being unmasked as Sidney's cousin Jill Roberts (Emma Roberts) and her friend Charlie Walker (Rory Culkin) who intend to kill Sidney, frame Jill's ex-boyfriend Trevor Shelton (Nico Tortorella) and become the current generation's "Sidney" and "Randy Meeks", with the accompanying fame of being the "survivors" of the massacre. Jill betrays Charlie and stabs him through the heart and then seemingly kills Sidney, before purposely injuring and stabbing herself to make herself appear a victim of Ghostface. After being taken to the hospital, Dewey informs her that Sidney has survived. Jill attempts to end her life but is stalled by Dewey, Gale and Judy Hicks (Marley Shelton) long enough for Sidney to shoot her through the heart, killing her.[10]
Concept and creation[edit]
An original mold for the Ghostface mask based on Fun World's design but with significant differences, including more pronounced features, in order to avoid copyright issues.
The Ghostface costume is the outfit worn by the main antagonists of the Scream franchise, consisting of a rubber white mask with black eyes, nose and mouth and a black, cloth-like material, hooded-robe with faux-tatters draping from the arms and a spiked-trim to the base of the outfit. In the movie, the costume is considered common and easily purchasable making identifying the buyers difficult and creating the possibility for anyone to be the killer.
The Ghostface mask was first developed for novelty stores during the Halloween season between 1991 and 1992 by Fun World employee Brigitte Sleiertin as part of a series entitled "Fantastic Faces", the mask itself known as "The Peanut-Eyed Ghost".[11] The final design was approved by Fun World vice-president Allan Geller. Craven claimed to have originally found the mask[12] but later clarified that he had misremembered the event and that it was producer Marianne Maddalena who discovered it. She found it while inside a house during location scouting for the film and brought it to the attention of Craven, who set about trying to obtain the rights to use it.[13] Fun World Licensing Director R.J. Torbert joined Fun World in 1996 and was given the task of naming the mask prior to its film debut, deciding on "GhostFace" with the blessing of Fun World owners Stanley and Allan Geller. Torbert felt it looked like a "ghost in pain", believing it to be a unique design. The Ghostface design and title are owned by Fun World.[14]
The design of the mask bears reference to Edvard Munch's painting The Scream, one of the characters on the cover of the Pink Floyd album The Wall and the ghostly characters that appeared in the 1930s Betty Boop cartoon. The mask is stark white and depicts a caracature of someone screaming and crying at the same time. Designer Sleiertin stated that the mask displayed different emotions, "It's a horrible look, it's a sorry look, it's a frantic look".[11] Since the appearance of Ghostface in Scream, the costume has become the most worn and sold costume for Halloween in the United States.[15]
The initial script labeled the main antagonist as "masked killer" with no specifications to their appearance, forcing Craven and his staff to produce the costume eventually worn by Ghostface as they were shooting.[16] Craven asked Greg Nicotero and Howard Berger of design company KNB Effects to produce a mask specifically for the film based on the Fun World design but did not like the final result. After Fun World and Dimension Films were able to complete an agreement for the use of the Ghostface mask, Craven was able to use the original design as he wanted. The custom mask made by KNB Effects still appears in the scenes involving the murder of Casey Becker and Principal Himbry as filming of these scenes completed prior to the finalization of the deal between Fun World and Dimension Films.[17]
We came with an assortment of masks that had the ghostface look. Of the entire assortment, that face was the strongest one. The design definitely had something that made it outstanding from the others.
— Brigitte Sleiertin on choosing the final design for what became Ghostface[11]
The Ghostface masks as seen in (top left-bottom right) Scream, Scream 2, Scream 3 and Scream 4.
The 1991–92 "Fantastic Faces" edition of the mask used in Scream is made of thin, white rubber with blackened eyes, nose and mouth. Despite being portrayed by Ulrich and Lillard, the costume is mostly worn by stuntman Dane Farwell who gave the character many of its mannerisms including the ritualistic cleaning of the knife blade following a kill.[12] In the first film, Craven wore the costume during the opening murder scene where the character is struck by a phone and by Ulrich only once during a finale scene where the character prepares to murder Randy.[12] Despite Stu wearing the costume in the film, actor Lillard never actually wore the outfit.[12] Scream 2 features a slightly redesigned version of the mask from the "Fearsome Faces" line, possessing slightly-altered eyes and an indented chin.[17] Following Scream 2, the Ghostface mask became part of the "Ghostface" line of masks featuring several variations of the design including glow-in-the-dark models.[17] The plain, white version of the Ghostface line mask is used in Scream 3 by Bridger.[17] Another edition of the mask was developed, dubbed "The Deluxe Edition Mask" for use by Ghostface in Scream 4, again similar to the original Ghostface design but constructed of thicker rubber with a pearlescent finish.[17]
Following the description in Williamson's script of a "ghost mask", Craven and designers had originally intended to use a white-motif, creating a white cloak and hood for the killer's costume. It was the intervention of Maddalena who felt that the cloak would be scarier if it was black, that resulted in the dark costume shown on screen.[12] The cloak itself had to be custom-made for the film as the "Father Death" outfit identified in Scream as that of the killers did not really exist, as the Fun World mask was sold only as a stand-alone item. The cloak entered into retail markets only following the release of Scream. Each cloak was estimated to cost $700 to hand-produce by a seamstress and was made of a heavy, thick, black material with reflective threads woven throughout, creating a subtle glimmer. The cloak was created to help conceal the identity of the killers by covering most of their visible body, as it was believed that otherwise audiences would be able to guess which character was involved by their clothing and body-shape.[18]
The knife used by Ghostface in the films is a custom prop knife based on the Buck 120 Hunting Knife that has since been discontinued by Buck. The knife blades are made of aluminium or chrome-paint-coated plastic with a rubber handle depending on the scenario for which they are needed. The handle is black with a silver, metal-appearance for the tip. The Buck 120 knife was chosen as the model for the Ghostface weapon because of the large blade it features, though the Buck 120 itself was discontinued due to customer complaints that the blade length was deemed "too big" for gutting animals.[citation needed]
Characterization[edit]
Ghostface is rarely depicted as speaking while physically on screen, in order to aid in concealing the identity of the character behind the mask. Exceptions to this are grunts and groans when injured, which are dubbed into the film during the editing phase by Jackson.[4] Ghostface only speaks physically on screen on two occasions in the series; on those two occasions, it is just before his true identity is revealed. The voice given to the character, provided by Jackson, is used when talking to another character over the phone or to display the use of the voice changer when the killer reveals himself. Despite being portrayed by different characters in each film, Ghostface displays similar personality and physical attributes regardless of who is wearing the costume or speaking to a target.[4][5][6]
Unlike other horror villains, Ghostface is never referred to by his name. He is simply called "The Killer" while in the credits he is called "The Voice". Only once did one character Tatum Riley played by Rose McGowan call him "Mr. Ghostface" in the first movie prior to her death, in an almost sarcastic way. From that one scene, the character has since earned his name 'Ghostface' that fans of the series use, as well that appears on all costumes related to the movies.
I can't imagine Scream without Ghostface...Roger Jackson's voice is very remarkable, it's got an evil sophistication.
— Wes Craven on returning to Scream 4[19]
Ghostface is often shown to taunt his targets, initially representing himself as charming and even flirtatious when speaking.[20] His conversations turn confrontational and intimidating, using his knowledge of other characters or graphically describing his intentions before appearing to the target physically. Craven considers Jackson's voice performance as Ghostface to have "evil sophistication".[19] When confronting his intended victim, Ghostface is portrayed in varying ways, sometimes quick and efficient and other times clumsy, falling, or colliding with objects that hinder his pursuit, a characteristic that varies based upon who is wearing the costume. All of the characters that use the Ghostface disguise share the trait of taunting their victims and prolonging a kill when they appear to have an advantage. The Billy/Stu Ghostface would gut their victims after killing them; this was not performed on Tatum Riley (Rose McGowan) who was killed in a mechanical garage door.[4] This Ghostface in particular would ask their victim questions about horror films and employ the tropes of the genre in their attacks, displaying a detachment from their reality and aligned with the same self-awareness of the film itself which toys with the expectations of the horror genre.[21][22] The second Ghostface, created by Mickey and Mrs. Loomis, would simply stab their victim to death but often in a public place or with witnesses.[5] The third Ghostface, created by Roman, used theatricality and movie props to attack his victims, using a voice changer that allowed him to sound like many other people, casting suspicion and doubt on other characters. In addition, he would use images and the synthesized voice of Maureen to specifically taunt Sidney, even shrouding himself in a bloodied, crime scene cover, alluding to the murder of Maureen, to fool Sidney into believing that she was losing her sanity.[6] The fourth Ghostface, created by Jill and Charlie, filmed each murder on web cameras hidden around the environment and spy cameras in their masks. They mostly stabbed their victims to death but would go further and gut them if they wanted. They also made some of the murders public to gain the attention of the world press.[10]
The motivations for Ghostface's killing vary in each film and are respective to each killer wearing the costume. Billy claimed to have been driven to insanity by his mother's abandonment, an incident he blamed on Maureen, and after taking his revenge on her chose to continue his spree, leading towards her daughter Sidney,[4] while Stu Macher lists peer pressure as his motivation.[4] In Scream 2, Mrs. Loomis cites her motivation as simple revenge against the person she holds responsible for her son's death, while Mickey desires the fame that his involvement in the killings will garner when he is caught.[5] Scream 3 antagonist Roman seeks revenge for what he sees as his mother's rejection and abandonment by engineering Maureen's death and trying to kill Sidney, seeing her as having the family-life he was denied.[6] In Scream 4, Jill, jealous of Sidney, wished to obtain similar fame as the sole survivor of a new massacre, while Charlie aided her both for those reasons and his love for Jill.[10]
In costume, the Ghostfaces share a ritualistic mannerism of gripping the blade of their knife between thumb and forefinger and wiping it clean of any blood following a murder by drawing their hand from handle to the tip of the knife. This characteristic was given to the character by stuntman Dane Farwell who wore the costume for many of its scenes in Scream.[12] Each killer is depicted as possessing effective physical abilities, such as the capabilities of nearly flawless stealth, prowling without being detected, moving silently, and efficiently vanishing from their targets' defense. Additionally, the killer tends to display sufficient strength that allows them to overpower victims, such as in Scream 2, in regards to defeating two trained detectives single-handedly. Ghostface is shown to be able to sustain and even ignore severe levels of physical damage, surviving blunt trauma, stabbing wounds and gunshots. Billy, Mickey, Roman, and Jill all had to be shot through the head or multiple times to the chest to be killed, despite having sustained severe injuries prior.[4][5][6]
Cultural impact[edit]
2011 Ghostface figurine by NECA toys for Scream 4, displaying the full-length robe worn by the character.
McFarlane Toys produced a 6-inch figurine of Ghostface in 1999 for the "Movie Maniacs II" series of horror and science fiction inspired line of character models.[23] A series of figures were produced by NECA for Scream 4 featuring the standard mask and black cowl plus variations such as "Zombie Ghostface" with a decayed appearance on the mask and "Scarecrow Ghostface" with brown, burlap material used for the mask and clothing.[24]
Ghostface has been parodied and referenced numerous times in media following his appearance in the Scream series of slasher films, most prominently in the parody film Scary Movie (2000) where a killer dressed as Ghostface commits a series of murders and is later revealed to be several people as in Scream;[25] this parodic version of Ghostface later appears in the June 1, 2016 Erma comic strip, named "Prank Call", wherein the character is making prank calls whilst quoting Scream, alongside the series' titular character.[26] In the parody film Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth (2000), a killer wearing a Jason Voorhees-style hockey mask is set on fire, his mask melting to resemble that of Ghostface.[27] The film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001) features Ghostface, as Shannen Doherty and Craven provide cameos as themselves making the then non-existent Scream 4, but Doherty objects when Ghostface turns out to be played by the orangutan, Suzann.[28]
As in film, Ghostface has been referenced repeatedly in various television programs and commercials. In the same year as the release of Scream 3, the mask made an appearance on Beverly Hills 90210 and the Nickelodeon series Cousin Skeeter. It was also used as an ornament in the bedroom of the character Dawson in Dawson's Creek,[29] a show created by Scream writer, Williamson.[16] The character appears in a 1999 episode of Celebrity Deathmatch entitled "The Unknown Murderer", where he threatens to kill a scream queen every round, murdering Barrymore, Jamie Lee Curtis, and Jennifer Love Hewitt before planting his cell phone on a platypus to frame him, causing Campbell and Sarah Michelle Gellar to fight it.[30] The mask was later used in The Sopranos episode "Fortunate Son" (2001) where it is worn by the character Christopher to commit a robbery.[31]
The costume is referenced in an episode of the television series Boomtown entitled "All Hallow's Eve" (2002) where a police officer uses the costume to frighten a bully who has been terrorizing other kids.[14][32] In the Japanese anime FLCL episode "Marquis de Cabras" (2003), protagonist Naota's face changes to resemble that of Ghostface frequently during a scene where he and his family are eating spicy curry.[33] The character makes a cameo appearance in Tripping the Rift in the episode "The Devil and a Guy Named Webster" (2004) as the judge when Chode sells his soul to the devil and finds a way to sue him.[34] He also appears in a 2004 advert for Trivial Pursuit: '90s edition; representing iconic characters of the 1990s alongside Dennis Rodman and the character Rose from the 1997 film Titanic.[35] A parody of Ghostface appears in the television series All Grown Up! episode "Interview with a Campfire" (2004) where Lil DeVille is taunted by phone and stalked by a character wearing an Easter Bunny mask.[36]
The character appears briefly in The Simpsons episode "Home Away from Homer" (2005) where Homer Simpson suggests him as a babysitter for his daughter Maggie Simpson.[37] Roger L. Jackson lends his voice to Ghostface in the Robot Chicken episode "That Hurts Me" (2005) alongside other famous film killers in a show that parodies Big Brother, launching a prank war against Pinhead and Freddy Krueger before giving a speech to save himself from elimination from the show.[38] He is referenced by Kenny Powers, the main character of Eastbound & Down who requests to wear the mask while having sex.[39] In Scream XXX: A porn parody, a new Ghostface (wearing a clown variant of the Father Death mask) begins murdering the cast and crew of an in-production pornographic parody of the Stab series.[40] In Martin Mystery a Ghostface mask is seen in “Curse if the Necklace”.
In his book Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, Adam Rockoff opined that Ghostface's mask was a "striking, surreal and downright terrifying presence". Calling the mask a "hyperbolic rendering" of Edvard Munch's The Scream, Rockoff wrote that the face is "twisted in an exaggerated, almost mocking grin, as if reflecting the look of terror and surprise on his victims' faces."[41] Tony Magistrale also discussed the similarities between Ghostface's mask and The Scream in his book Abject Terrors: Surveying the Modern and Postmodern Horror Film, stating that the painting, "an apt representation of the degree of alienation from other people, inspires the killers' murderous agenda".[42]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Seth Green, Matthew Senreich (July 10, 2005). "That Hurts Me". Robot Chicken. Season 1. Episode 19. Adult Swim.
Jump up ^ Ben Best, Jody Hill, Danny McBride (February 22, 2009). "Chapter 2". Eastbound & Down. Season 1. Episode 19. HBO.
Jump up ^ "Geekscape After Dark Reviews: Scream XXX: A Porn Parody". Geekscape. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rockoff, Adam (2002). Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film. McFarland. p. 181. ISBN 0-7864-1227-5.
Jump up ^ Magistrale, Tony (2005). Abject Terrors: Surveying the Modern and Postmodern Horror Film. University of Michigan: Peter Lang. p. 186. ISBN 0-8204-7056-2.
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Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Fourth plinth is the northwest plinth in Trafalgar Square in central London. It was originally intended to hold an equestrian statue of William IV, but remained bare due to insufficient funds. For over 150 years the fate of the plinth was debated; in 1998, the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) commissioned three contemporary sculptures to be displayed temporarily on the plinth. Shortly afterwards, Chris Smith, the then Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport commissioned Sir John Mortimer to conduct a public enquiry that sought opinions from public art commissioners, critics and members of the public as to the future of the plinth.
The final report recommended that the commissions remain a rolling programme of temporary artworks rather than settling permanently on one figure or idea to commemorate. In 2003, the ownership of Trafalgar Square was transferred from Westminster City Council to the Mayor of London and this marked the beginning of the Mayor of London’s Fourth Plinth Commission as it is now known.
Contents
[hide]
1 The plinths
2 The Fourth Plinth Project (1999–2001)
3 The Fourth Plinth Commission (2005–present)
4 Proposals for permanent statues
5 Other uses
5.1 Fourth Plinth Schools Awards
6 References
7 External links
The plinths[edit]
There is a plinth at each of the four corners of the square. The two southern plinths carry sculptures of Henry Havelock and Charles James Napier. The northern plinths are larger than those as they were designed to have equestrian statues, and indeed the northeastern plinth has one of George IV. The fourth plinth on the northwest corner, designed by Sir Charles Barry and built in 1841, was intended to hold an equestrian statue of William IV but remained empty due to insufficient funds.[1]
The Fourth Plinth Project (1999–2001)[edit]
In 1998, the RSA conceived the Fourth Plinth Project, which temporarily occupied the plinth with a succession of works commissioned and established by the Cass Sculpture Foundation. These were:
Photo
Dates
Artist
Title
Description
1999 Mark Wallinger Ecce Homo Wallinger's Ecce Homo – the Latin title of which means "Behold the man", a reference to the words of Pontius Pilate at the trial of Jesus (John 19:5) – was a life-sized figure of Christ, naked apart from a loin cloth, with his hands bound behind his back and wearing a crown of barbed wire (in allusion to the crown of thorns). Atop the huge plinth, designed for larger-than-life statuary, it looked minuscule. Some commentators said that, far from making the Man look insignificant, his apparent tininess drew the eye powerfully; they interpreted it as a commentary on human delusions of grandeur.[citation needed][2]
2000 Bill Woodrow Regardless of History[3] A head crushed between a book and the roots of a tree.[4]
2001 Rachel Whiteread Monument Whiteread's Monument, by an artist already notable for her Turner Prize-winning work House and the Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial in Vienna, was a cast of the plinth in transparent resin placed upside-down on top of the original. The light refracted through the resin, adopting a hue that was partially influenced by the weather.[5]
A committee convened to consider the RSA's late-1990s project concluded that it had been a success and "unanimously recommended that the plinth should continue to be used for an ongoing series of temporary works of art commissioned from leading national and international artists".[6] After several years in which the plinth stood empty, the new Greater London Authority assumed responsibility for Trafalgar Square and the fourth plinth.
The Fourth Plinth Commission (2005–present)[edit]
The Fourth Plinth Commission is led by the Mayor of London’s Culture Team, under the guidance of the Fourth Plinth Commissioning Group. The group is made up of specialist advisers appointed to guide and monitor the commissions for the plinth.
Under the stewardship of the Fourth Plinth Commissioning Group, the following artworks have been commissioned:
Photo
Dates
Artist
Title
Description
15 September 2005 – late 2007 Marc Quinn Alison Lapper Pregnant A 3.6 metres (12 ft), 13-tonne[1] Carrara marble torso-bust of Alison Lapper, an artist who was born with no arms and shortened legs due to a condition called phocomelia.[7] It explores representations of beauty and the human form in public space, and was remade on an even more monumental scale for the closing ceremony of the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games.
2007 Thomas Schütte Model for a Hotel 2007 (formerly Hotel for the Birds) (unveiled 7 November 2007) – a 5-metre by 4.5-metre by 5-metre architectural model of a 21-storey building made from coloured glass. Sandy Nairne, director of the National Portrait Gallery and then chairman of the Fourth Plinth Commissioning Group that recommended Quinn's and Schütte's proposals to the Mayor in 2004, said: "There will be something extraordinarily sensual about the play of light through the coloured glass ... It's going to feel like a sculpture of brilliance and light."[1]
6 July – 14 October 2009 Antony Gormley One & Other Over the course of a hundred consecutive days, a total of 2,400 selected members of the public each spent one hour on the plinth. They were allowed to do anything they wished to and could take anything with them that they could carry unaided. Volunteers for the Fourth Plinth were invited to apply through the website www.oneandother.co.uk, and were chosen so that ethnic minorities and people from all parts of Britain were represented. For safety reasons, the plinth was surrounded by a net, and a team of six stewards were present 24 hours a day to make sure that, for instance, participants were not harmed by hecklers. There was a live feed of the plinth on the Internet sponsored by TV channel Sky Arts.[8][9] Gormley said: "In the context of Trafalgar Square with its military, valedictory and male historical statues, this elevation of everyday life to the position formerly occupied by monumental art allows us to reflect on the diversity, vulnerability and particularity of the individual in contemporary society. It's about people coming together to do something extraordinary and unpredictable. It could be tragic but it could also be funny."[9]
24 May 2010 – January 2012 Yinka Shonibare Nelson's Ship in a Bottle This work consists of a replica of Nelson's ship, HMS Victory, with sails made of printed fabric in a colourful African pattern inside a large glass bottle stopped with a cork; the bottle is 4.7 metres long and 2.8 metres in diameter.[10] According to the Greater London Authority, the artwork is the first "to reflect specifically on the historical symbolism of Trafalgar Square, which commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, and will link directly with Nelson's column. It is also the first commission by a black British artist."[11] The work proved popular, and its removal in early 2012 led to fears that it would be sold to a Korean collector.[12][13] The Art Fund launched a public appeal to raise money to buy the work from the artist.[12] By April 2012 the money was raised, including £264,300 donated from the public and £50,000 each from The Art Fund and Shonibare's gallery Stephen Friedman.[10] The work was the first of the commissions to be relocated and is now part of the permanent collection of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London.
23 February 2012 – April 2013 Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset Powerless Structures, Fig. 101 A 4.1 metres (13 ft) tall bronze sculpture of a boy on a rocking horse.[14] Contrasting with the square’s other statues which celebrate kings and military leaders, this commission was intended to portray "the heroism of growing up".[15] The statue was unveiled by actress Joanna Lumley who called it a "completely unthreatening and adorable creature".[14] The golden boy on a rocking horse, as a celebration of youth and hope, proved an apt image for the Olympic Games, featuring in television footage around the world and appearing in numerous feature films. After its display on the Fourth Plinth the sculpture was bought by the Annie og Otto Detlefs Fond and donated to the Arken Museum of Modern Art in Ishøj, Denmark, where it will go on view in late 2015. Michael Elmgreen was born in Copenhagen, a short distance away from the museum; Ingar Dragset's home city of Trondheim in Norway had also expressed an interest in acquiring the work. Christian Gether, the museum's director, said “I was at the National Gallery for the inauguration of the sculpture and saw straight away that its irony and humanism fits perfectly at Arken. The sculpture comes with tradition and renewal and it is an ironic commentary on the obeisance of warlords. At the same time, it praises the child’s spontaneity and its playful approach to life”.[16]
25 July 2013 – 17 February 2015 Katharina Fritsch Hahn/Cock A 4.72 metres (15.5 ft) high blue sculpture of a domestic cockerel or rooster. The artist has described the cockerel as symbolising "regeneration, awakening and strength".[14][17]
5 March 2015 – 6 September 2016 Hans Haacke Gift Horse Depicts a skeletal, riderless horse. Haacke says the sculpture is a tribute to Scottish economist Adam Smith and English painter George Stubbs. The horse is based on an engraving by Stubbs taken from The Anatomy of the Horse published in 1766. Tied to the horse’s front leg is an electronic ribbon displaying live the ticker of the London Stock Exchange, completing the link between power, money and history.[18][19][20]
29 September 2016 – 6 March 2018[21] David Shrigley Really Good A bronze sculpture of a human hand in a thumbs-up gesture, with the thumb greatly elongated. To the top of the thumb, the sculpture is 7 metres (23 ft) tall.[18][19][22]
28 March 2018 – Present Michael Rakowitz The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist A recreation of a sculpture of a lamassu (a winged bull and protective deity) that stood at the entrance to Nergal Gate of Nineveh from 700 B.C. It was destroyed in 2015 by Isis, along with other artefacts in the Mosul Museum. Rakowitz's recreation is made of empty Iraqi date syrup cans, representing the destruction of the country's date industry.[23][24]
Planned for 2020 Heather Phillipson The End A dollop of whipped cream with an assortment of toppings: a cherry, a fly, and a drone. The drone will film passers-by and display them on an attached screen.[23][24]
Proposals for permanent statues[edit]
The best use of the fourth plinth remains the subject of debate and discussion. Proposals for permanent statues have included:
Nelson Mandela Statue: On 24 March 2003, an appeal was launched by Wendy Woods, the widow of the anti-apartheid journalist Donald Woods, hoping to raise £400,000 to pay for a 9-foot-high (2.7 m) statue of Nelson Mandela by Ian Walters.[25] The relevance of the location was that South Africa House, the South African high commission, scene of many anti-apartheid demonstrations, is on the east side of Trafalgar Square. The statue was later placed in Parliament Square instead.
Keith Park statue: In February 2008, Terry Smith, the chief executive of trading house Tullett Prebon, offered to pay more than £100,000 for a permanent statue acceptable to "ordinary Londoners" of Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park in recognition of his work as commander of No. 11 Group RAF during the Battle of Britain, as it was this Group that was responsible for the defence of London. A Greater London Authority spokesman said: "There are many worthy suggestions for statues on the fourth plinth and some people feel passionately about each of them. All proposals will be judged on their merits including its current use as one of the most high profile sites for contemporary public art in London. The cost of erecting the current work on the plinth is £270,000. The cost of a permanent monument is likely to be considerably more."[26] In 2009, a 5-metre high fibreglass statue of Park was placed on the fourth plinth for six months. After that period, a 2.78-metre bronze statue was permanently installed in Waterloo Place.[27]
Margaret Thatcher statue: Following the death of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher on 8 April 2013, Defence Secretary Philip Hammond suggested that her memorial statue be placed on the fourth plinth. Hammond's proposal was supported by Thatcher's colleague Norman Tebbit and by UKIP leader Nigel Farage. The then Prime Minister David Cameron and London Mayor Boris Johnson were both said to welcome the proposal.[28][29] Boris Johnson proposed Parliament Square as a more appropriate site. There is already an existing statue of Thatcher in the nearby Houses of Parliament.
Queen Elizabeth II statue: It has also been suggested that a permanent statue of Queen Elizabeth II is to be erected on the plinth after her death, which would explain why there has been such a long delay in choosing a permanent monument. This was discussed in the press in 2008.[30][31] After Thatcher's death, Ken Livingstone commented, "The understanding is that the fourth plinth is being reserved for Queen Elizabeth II."[32]
Other uses[edit]
Commercial companies have used the plinth, usually without permission, as a platform for publicity stunts, including a model of David Beckham by Madame Tussauds during the 2002 FIFA World Cup.[1] The London-based American harmonica player Larry Adler jokingly suggested erecting a statue of Moby-Dick, which would then be called the "Plinth of Whales".[33] A television ident for the British TV station Channel 4 shows a CGI Channel 4 logo on top of the fourth plinth.[34]
Fourth Plinth Schools Awards[edit]
The annual Fourth Plinth Schools Award is the education project within the Mayor of London’s Fourth Plinth Programme. The award uses the Fourth Plinth as an inspiration to engage primary and secondary schools in London to enter a competition that encourages creative thinking around past and present artworks displayed on the Fourth Plinth.[35]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Sooke, Alastair (3 November 2007), "Art versus the pigeons", The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, p. 4
Jump up ^ See also You'll either love it or hate it, BBC News, 23 July 1999 |access-date= requires |url= (help); Kennedy, Maev (13 May 2000), "Modern art wins battle of Trafalgar Square: Vacant plinth will be showcase for contemporary sculpture", The Guardian, London ; Marre, Oliver (11 May 2008), "The artist gets back in the saddle", The Observer, London .
Jump up ^ For photographs of Bill Woodrow's Regardless of History, see Bill Woodrow, Regardless of History, 2000, Cass Sculpture Foundation, archived from the original on 1 August 2011, retrieved 12 February 2008 .
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Maev (13 May 2000). "Modern art wins battle of Trafalgar Square: Vacant plinth will be showcase for contemporary sculpture". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Rachel Whiteread, Maquette for Monument, 1999, CASS Sculpture Foundation, archived from the original on 10 February 2015, retrieved 10 February 2015 .
Jump up ^ Macintyre, James (6 August 2008), From Beckham to Lapper, the ever-changing cast, The Independent .
Jump up ^ Square's naked sculpture revealed, BBC News, 19 September 2005 .
Jump up ^ Sooke, Alastair (28 February 2009), "Fancy turning yourself into a work of art?: Sculptor Antony Gormley is giving 2,400 people the chance to spend an hour alone on the Trafalgar Square plinth", The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, pp. 10–11 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Trafalgar Square fourth plinth art 'will cause arrests': The artist Antony Gormley, who is behind the new work for Trafalgar Square's empty fourth plinth, has said he expected the piece to lead to arrests", The Daily Telegraph, London, 26 February 2009, retrieved 25 May 2010 .
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Mark (23 April 2012). "Yinka Shonibare's ship in a bottle goes on permanent display in Greenwich". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ The Fourth Plinth: Nelson's Ship in a Bottle, Greater London Authority, 2010, archived from the original on 2 September 2010, retrieved 2 September 2010 . See also Yinka Shonibare's ship docks on the fourth plinth: The making and unveiling of Nelson's Ship in a Bottle, the latest art work to occupy the much-coveted spot in Trafalgar Square, Guardian.co.uk, 25 May 2010
^ Jump up to: a b "Campaign to secure home for Nelson's Ship in a Bottle". BBC News. 30 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Maev (30 November 2011). "Message in a big bottle – appeal to save fourth plinth HMS Victory". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fourth Plinth Rocking Horse unveiled". BBC News. 23 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Powerless Structures, Fig. 101 by Elmgreen & Dragset". Mayor of London website.
Jump up ^ Gulstad, Hanne Cecilie (25 July 2013). "Danish museum acquires Fourth Plinth rocking horse". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Blue cockerel takes roost on Fourth Plinth". BBC News. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Latest Fourth Plinth works unveiled". BBC News. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Mark (7 February 2014). "Trafalgar Square's fourth plinth to show giant thumbs up and horse skeleton". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Masters, Tim (5 March 2015). "Gift Horse sculpture trots onto Fourth Plinth". BBC.
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/LDN_Culture/status/970935723644899328
Jump up ^ Jones, Jonathan (29 September 2016). "Thumbs up to David Shrigley's fabulously feel-bad fourth plinth". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Trafalgar Square Fourth Plinth artwork chosen for 2018 and 2020". BBC News. 21 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Christopher Hooton (21 March 2017). "Trafalgar Square's Fourth Plinth to get monument to the world's 'hubris and impending collapse'". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Macintyre, James (7 August 2008), "From Beckham to Lapper, the ever-changing cast", The Independent, London
Jump up ^ Harding, Thomas (26 February 2008), "City boss calls for statue of war hero", The Daily Telegraph, London
Jump up ^ "Battle of Britain hero statue will stand in Trafalgar Square: Battle of Britain hero Sir Keith Park will be honoured with the erection of two statues", The Daily Telegraph, London, 8 May 2009, retrieved 25 May 2010
Jump up ^ Jones, Sam (10 April 2013), "Campaign for Thatcher statue in Trafalgar Square gathers momentum", The Guardian
Jump up ^ McTague, Tom (10 April 2013), "Margaret Thatcher statue plan for Trafalgar Square and bid to rename Falkland Islands' capital after her", The Mirror
Jump up ^ English, Rebecca (8 August 2008). "Trafalgar Square's fourth plinth is reserved for statue of the Queen riding". Mail Online. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Irvine, Chris (7 August 2008). "Is the fourth plinth being saved for the Queen?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Watts, Joseph (10 April 2013). "Calls for Margaret Thatcher memorial to be placed on Trafalgar Square fourth plinth". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Hoge, Warren (19 August 1999), "London Journal: Plinth seeks occupant. Nelson will be neighbor", The New York Times, retrieved 30 July 2013 .
Jump up ^ Channel 4 television ident
Jump up ^ "Teachers Resource Guide" (PDF). Fourth Plinth Schools Award. Mayor of London. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square.
Media related to Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square at Wikimedia Commons
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Sir Keith Park Memorial Campaign – proposal to erect a statue in honour of the Battle of Britain war hero Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park
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Martin Roberts (presenter)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Martin Roberts
Born
Martin Leyland Roberts
(1963-07-20) 20 July 1963 (age 54)
Warrington, Lancashire, England
Nationality
British
Occupation
Presenter, author, property expert, investor, entrepreneur
Years active
1984–present
Spouse(s)
Kirsty Roberts
Children
2
Website
Website
Martin Leyland Roberts (born 20 July 1963) is an English television presenter and is a property expert, investor, entrepreneur and author who currently presents the BBC One property auction series, Homes Under the Hammer with co-presenters Martel Maxwell (since 2016) and Dion Dublin, although his co presenter for many years was Lucy Alexander. He also hosts the Talk Radio show 'Home Rule with Martin Roberts' where he also chats about property.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
2 Personal life
3 Credits
4 References
5 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Born in Warrington, Lancashire, Roberts began his career in the late 1980s at BBC Radio Manchester.
He attended Appleton Hall Grammar School then studied Electronic Engineering at Bradford University 1983–86 and was a DJ on Ramair, the university's radio station.[1] Roberts has been working as a property developer since the early 1990s and has contributed to several publications, both on the subject of property development and travel.[2]
Since then, he has presented several other programmes including Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is and How to Survive the Property Crisis, both for the BBC as well as ITV's travel programme Wish You Were Here...?[3] Roberts is most famous for being BBC's UK and Overseas Property expert writing and presenting Homes Under the Hammer having done since the programme began in 2003 to the present day, as well as making regular appearances on BBC Breakfast, BBC News 24 and The One Show[4]
Roberts has also made appearances on Ready Steady Cook with Homes Under the Hammer co-presenter, Lucy Alexander. Roberts has also been a celebrity contestant on BBC gameshows Hole in the Wall and Pointless, raising money for charity. In July 2010 Roberts entered the BBC television programme Celebrity MasterChef, though he was eliminated at the first opportunity despite having performed well on the ingredient recognition task. In November 2016, Roberts was a contestant on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. He was eliminated after spending 15 days in camp, coming in sixth place.
Roberts has presented radio throughout his career as the BBC's UK and Overseas Property expert contributing to many shows on BBC radios 2, 4 and 5 Live. He is a regular guest presenter on The Jeremy Vine Show which airs on BBC Radio 2[5] and Moneybox which airs on BBC Radio 4.[6] In March 2016, Roberts began hosting a weekly property radio show for Talk Radio named “Gazumped” (Saturday 11 am – 1 pm and Sunday 5 – 7 pm). The show was later renamed “Home Rule” and Sunday editions are no longer live, but recorded, broadcast from 6 am to 8 am.[7]
In September 2012, Roberts publicly criticised proposed government changes to the planning laws of England that would double the size of extensions that do not need approval.[8] He branded the move crazy and said it would "wipe away generations of sensible and sound planning law overnight".[9]
As well as presenting on both radio and television Roberts has written many books such as Teach Yourself Making Money from Property,[10] and The Property Auction Guide[11]
Roberts has also contributed to travelling books including Great Festivals of the World, The Travellers' Handbook and Intrepid Africa.[12] Roberts is the author of The Villes Children's Books series.[13] One of the books in the series Sadsville was written in partnership with the NSPCC to encourage children to contact ChildLine if they need someone to talk to about any problems.[14]
Personal life[edit]
Roberts was brought up in Stockton Heath, a suburb of Warrington.[15] He for a short period lived in Kirkcaldy (Scotland) with Yorkshire businessman Ed Clarke but for the past 19 years has lived near Bath, Somerset, and is married with two children.
Credits[edit]
Television
Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is
How to Survive the Property Crisis
Wish You Were Here.
Homes Under the Hammer
BBC Breakfast
BBC News 24
The One Show
Ready Steady Cook
Hole in the Wall
Celebrity MasterChef
Pointless
Dave Gorman: Modern Life is Goodish
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Radio
BBC Radio
The Jeremy Vine Show
Moneybag
Gazumped
Books
Great Festivals of the World
The Travellers Handbook
Intrepid Africa
The Villes
Teach Yourself Making Money from Property
The Property Auction Guide
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Martin Roberts Linkedin (Requires Account Full Profile under Education)".
Jump up ^ "Interview with Homes Under The Hammer Star Martin Roberts". Bath Chronicle. 3 August 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Martin Roberts profile". peoplematter.tv. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Martin Roberts, Book Property Speaker Martin Roberts". tmcentertainment.co.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "07/11/2008, Jeremy Vine – BBC Radio 2". BBC. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Money Box Transcript" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Martin Roberts to host new property show on talkRADIO". 7 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Martin (7 September 2012). "Relaxing Planning Laws will Damage British Housing". HuffPost.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Martin (7 September 2012). "Forget Homes under the Hammer, our countryside and architectural heritage are under attack". Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Martin (2008). Teach Yourself Making Money from Property. Teach Yourself. ISBN 0-340-96637-8.
Jump up ^ "The Property Auction Guide". martinroberts.co.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Books | Martin Roberts". www.martinroberts.co.uk. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Villes". thevilles.co.uk. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mogers Drewett help support children's book project – Mogers Drewett". Mogers Drewett. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "BBC Homes under the Hammer star talks about the Warrington property market". Warrington Guardian. 20 July 2012.
External links[edit]
Martin Roberts on IMDb
personal website
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 1999149919429406650004
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Roberts_(presenter)&oldid=838232143"
Categories:
1963 births
Living people
English television presenters
Alumni of the University of Bradford
People from Stockton Heath
People from Warrington
Television personalities from Lancashire
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This page was last edited on 25 April 2018, at 18:54.
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