text:
Yellowstone River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Yellowstone River
Yellowstone Falls in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
Country
United States
States
Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota
Tributaries
- left Gardner River, Shields River
- right Lamar River, Boulder River, Stillwater River, Big Horn River, Tongue River, Powder River
Source
Confluence of North and South Forks
- location Absaroka Range, Wyoming
- coordinates 43°59′18″N 109°55′45″W / 43.98833°N 109.92917°W / 43.98833; -109.92917 [1]
Mouth
Missouri River
- location McKenzie County, near Buford, North Dakota
- coordinates 47°58′42″N 103°58′56″W / 47.97833°N 103.98222°W / 47.97833; -103.98222Coordinates: 47°58′42″N 103°58′56″W / 47.97833°N 103.98222°W / 47.97833; -103.98222 [1]
Length
692 mi (1,114 km) [1]
Basin
70,000 sq mi (181,299 km2) [2]
Discharge
for Sidney, MT
- average 13,773 cu ft/s (390 m3/s) [3]
- max 159,000 cu ft/s (4,502 m3/s) [4]
- min 3,108 cu ft/s (88 m3/s)
Map of the Yellowstone River watershed
The Yellowstone River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 692 miles (1,114 km) long, in the western United States. Considered the principal tributary of the upper Missouri, the river and its tributaries drain a wide area stretching from the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of the Yellowstone National Park across the mountains and high plains of southern Montana and northern Wyoming.
Contents
1 Yellowstone Watershed
2 Geography
3 History
4 Climate patterns
5 2011 oil spill
6 2015 oil spill
7 2016 river closure
8 Fishing
9 Advocates
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Yellowstone Watershed[edit]
The Yellowstone River Watershed is a river basin spanning 37,167 square miles (96,260 km2) across Montana, with minor extensions into Wyoming and North Dakota toward headwaters and terminus, respectively. The Yellowstone Basin Watershed contains a system of rivers, including the Yellowstone River, and four tributary basins: the Clarks Fork Yellowstone, Wind River and Bighorn River, Tongue River, and Powder River. These rivers form tributaries to the Missouri River. The mainstem of the Yellowstone River is more than 700 miles (1,100 km) long. At the headwaters, elevations exceed 12,800 feet (3,900 m) above sea level and descends to 1,850 feet (560 m) at the confluence with the Missouri River in North Dakota. The watershed spans 34,167 square miles.[5] The area contains many lakes, including Yellowstone Lake. There are no storage dams located on the mainstem of the Yellowstone River. However, the watershed contains five major reservoirs: Bull Lake, Boyson, Buffalo, Bighorn, Tongue River, and Lake De Smet reservoirs.[6]
Geography[edit]
The river rises in northwestern Wyoming in the Absaroka Range, on the Continental Divide in southwestern Park County. The river starts where the North Fork and the South Fork of the Yellowstone River converge. The North Fork, the larger of the two forks, flows from Younts Peak. The South Fork flows from the southern slopes of Thorofare Mountain. The Yellowstone River flows northward through Yellowstone National Park, feeding and draining Yellowstone Lake, then dropping over the Upper and Lower Yellowstone Falls at the head of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone within the confines of the park. After passing through the Black Canyon of the Yellowstone downstream of the Grand Canyon, the river flows northward into Montana between the northern Absaroka Range and the Gallatin Range in Paradise Valley. The river emerges from the mountains near the town of Livingston, where it turns eastward and northeastward, flowing across the northern Great Plains past the city of Billings.
East of Billings, it is joined by the Bighorn River. Further downriver, it is joined by the Tongue near Miles City, and then by the Powder in eastern Montana. It flows into the Missouri River near Buford, North Dakota just upstream from Lake Sakakawea.
In Montana the river has been used extensively for irrigation since the 1860s. In its upper reaches, within Yellowstone Park and the mountains of Montana, it is a popular destination for fly fishing. The Yellowstone is a Class I river from the Yellowstone National Park boundary to the North Dakota border for the purposes of stream access for recreational purposes.[7]
The division of water rights to the entire Yellowstone River Basin among Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota, governed by a 1950 compact, was disputed in a 2010 lawsuit brought directly in the U.S. Supreme Court by Montana against Wyoming. Oral argument took place in January 2011. On May 2, 2011, the Court held 7-2 (by Justice Thomas, with Justice Scalia dissenting) that Montana had no valid claim for diminution of its water, since Wyoming was irrigating the same acreage as always, albeit by a more modern method that returned less runoff to go downstream to Montana.[8] (A subsequent 2011 Supreme Court case, in which Montana asserted ownership of Missouri Basin riverbottoms, so as to collect decades of back rent from a hydropower company, is unrelated. On February 22, 2012, Montana lost that case too.)
History[edit]
The name is widely believed to have been derived from the Minnetaree Indian name Mi tse a-da-zi (Yellow Rock River) (Hidatsa: miʔciiʔriaashiish').[9] Common lore states that the name came from the yellow-colored rocks along the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but the Minnetaree never lived along the upper stretches of the Yellowstone. Some scholars think that the river was named after yellow-colored sandstone bluffs on the lower Yellowstone, instead.[10] The Crow Indians, who lived along the upper Yellowstone in Southern Montana, called it E-chee-dick-karsh-ah-shay (Elk River). Translating the Minnetaree name, French trappers called the river Roche Jaune (Yellow Rock), a name used by mountain men until the mid-19th century. Independently, Lewis and Clark recorded the English translation of Yellow Stone for the river, after encountering the Minnetaree in 1805. With expanding settlement by people from the United States, the English name eventually became the most widely used.[10] The river was explored in 1806 by William Clark during the return voyage of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Clark's Fork of the river was named for him.
The steamer Expansion on the Yellowstone River in Montana, 1907
The Yellowstone River had long been an important artery of transportation for Native Americans. In the 19th century, European-American settlers depended on it as well, entering the region by riverboat. The region around the Big Horn, Powder and Tongue rivers is the traditional summer hunting grounds for numerous Native American tribes: Lakota Sioux, Crow, Cheyenne and Cree. Gold was discovered near Virginia City, Montana in the 1860s, and two of the primary routes for accessing the gold fields were the Bozeman Trail and the Bridger Trail both of which followed the Yellowstone for a short length.
Native American anger at settler intrusion into the hunting grounds led to Red Cloud's War. The conflict was settled with the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, by which the US granted the territory of the Black Hills and the Powder River Country to the Lakota people.[11] This region included the drainages of the Big Horn, Powder and Tongue rivers. The discovery of gold in 1874 in the Black Hills, however, attracted thousands of miners who invaded the sacred grounds, and conflicts broke out with the Sioux.
The new competition and violence led to the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. The US sent in troops to protect the miners, although they had violated the treaty, and to defeat the Sioux. In 1876, Colonel John Gibbon led a column of men from Fort Ellis near Bozeman, Montana and traveled down the Yellowstone to meet up with General Alfred Terry's Dakota Column, which had traveled upstream from North Dakota. Terry formed a base of operations at the mouth of Rosebud Creek on the Yellowstone, but the US miscalculated the strength of the Lakota who had gathered by the thousands along the river. Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer departed from Rosebud Creek with the 7th Cavalry on the expedition that ended in his complete defeat by the Lakota and Cheyenne at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. The army ferried its survivors down the Yellowstone to Fort Abraham Lincoln on the Missouri River.
After the US achieved victory the tribes were forced onto reservations. The Sioux and allies were forced from eastern Montana and Wyoming: some bands fled to Canada, while others suffered forced removal to distant reservations, primarily in present-day South Dakota and Nebraska west of the Missouri River. Crow warriors had enlisted as scouts with the US Army during the war and the Crow Indian Reservation was established in south-central Montana. The Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation is south of the Yellowstone in Montana.
Many of the early expeditions to the area that would later become Yellowstone National Park traveled along the Yellowstone River, including the Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition and the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition. In the early 1870s, the Northern Pacific Railroad attempted to extend rail service along the Yellowstone to Livingston from Bismarck, North Dakota, a route proposed to cross the last of the Lakota buffalo hunting grounds.[12] This route was finally completed in 1883. By the early 20th century, Northern Pacific was providing train service along the river to the north entrance of the park near Gardiner.
Climate patterns[edit]
Flooding occurs in the watershed due to snowmelt, rainfall, and intense thunderstorms. In higher elevations, snowmelt can cause flood conditions due to rapid snowmelt in spring and early summer. In lower elevations, regional rainstorms and intense thunderstorms can cause flooding in summer and fall.[6] Severe droughts have occurred in the Yellowstone Watershed lasting several years. Droughts have occurred in the basin in 1929-42, 1948–62 and 1976-82. The 1977 drought affected most the western United States and lead to decreased streamflows in the watershed. The reduced flow increased dissolved solids concentrations in the basin. Water quality varies across the various rivers in the basin. In mountainous areas, suspended sediment and dissolved solid concentrations are lower than in basin and plain areas. Human activities, including agriculture and mining, along with natural sources contribute to suspended sedimentation levels in plain areas. In addition, fecal bacteria, salt, and selenium contamination is present in some streams within the watershed.[5]
2011 oil spill[edit]
An ExxonMobil pipeline which runs from Silver Tip, to Billings, Montana, ruptured about 10 miles (16 km) west of Billings on Friday, July 1, 2011, at about 10:40 p.m.[13] The resulting spill leaked an estimated 1,500 barrels of oil, equivalent to 63,000 US gallons (240,000 l; 52,000 imp gal), into the Yellowstone River for 56 minutes before it was shut down.[13] As a precaution against a possible explosion, officials in Laurel, Montana evacuated about 140 people on Saturday just after midnight, then allowed them to return at 4 a.m.[14] Montana Governor Brian Schweitzer stated that "The parties responsible will restore the Yellowstone River".[15]
2015 oil spill[edit]
According to the Bridger Pipeline LLC, another oil spill occurred near Glendive on January 17, 2015, at 10 a.m. In response, the pipeline company shut down the pipeline at 11 a.m. in effort to prevent further environmental hazards. The company stated that 300–1,200 oil barrels (equivalent to 12,600 to 50,400 US gallons) were spilled into the river. State officials estimated, on the other hand, up to 50,000 US gallons (190,000 l; 42,000 imp gal) of spilled oil.[16] Benzene, a carcinogen,[17] was found in ten to fifteen parts per billion.[18][19] An EPA official said that "anything above five parts per billion is considered a long-term risk."[19] Nearly 6,000 people were told not to use municipal water in Glendive due to the elevated levels of cancer-causing benzene found in the Yellowstone River, and in the tap water supplied.[20][21] Bottled water was provided to their residents.[22] On January 23, 2015, the city water treatment plant was declared decontaminated.[23] City officials declared tap water safe to consume.[24]
The Wyoming company from True Companies' Poplar pipeline system[22] involved in this incident has a history of nine oil spills in 2006–14 leaking an amount of 11,000 US gallons (42,000 l; 9,200 imp gal) of crude. Also, their sister company Belle Fourche Pipeline owned by Tad True and their family, recorded twenty-one incidents in the same period leaking 272,832 US gallons (1,032,780 l; 227,180 imp gal) of oil, both companies had federal fines levied against them and appear in governments records.[25][26] The oil cleanup on Yellowstone River was put on hold for one month or more on February 3, 2015 until the ice melts. Montana Department of Environmental Quality was monitoring an area spanning a ninety-mile (144.8 km) stretch of the Yellowstone, from the spill site downstream to a bridge just across the North Dakota border.[27]
2016 river closure[edit]
On August 19, 2016 the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks Department indefinitely closed the river and its tributaries from the Montana border at Gardiner, Montana to Laurel, Montana to all recreational activity. The 183-mile (295 km) closure resulted from a massive fish kill attributed to proliferative kidney disease, a rare but serious salmonid disease. The parasite--Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae—is not harmful to humans or other mammals.[28] Wildlife officials estimate tens of thousands of fish may have died, mostly mountain whitefish, but Yellowstone cutthroat and rainbow trout have been affected.[29] The closure is expected to cause significant adverse economic impact to businesses which depend on summer tourist and recreational activities along the river.[30]
On September 1, 2016 the agency reopened two stretches of the river. The first stretch, from the northern boundary of Yellowstone National Park to Carbella, Montana, was open to non-fishing recreation only to allow the fish population to recover. The second stretch, from Carbella, Montana to Laurel, Montana, was opened to all uses.[31]
Peak Yellowstone River temperatures exceeded 68 °F (20 °C) for 18 straight days from July 17 to August 4.[32] Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks notes that trout and whitefish prefer water temperatures close to 55 °F (13 °C).[33]
Fishing[edit]
The Yellowstone River is considered to be one of the greatest trout streams of the world[34] and is officially classed as a blue ribbon stream in Montana from the park to the confluence with the Boulder River east of Livingston and from the mouth of Rosebud creek near Rosebud, Montana to the North Dakota border.[35] The lack of dams along the river provides for excellent trout habitat from high inside Yellowstone Park, downstream through Gardiner, the Paradise Valley, Livingston, and to Big Timber, a stretch of nearly 200 miles (320 km). The Yellowstone varies in width from 74 feet (23 m) to 300 feet (91 m), so fishing is normally done by boat. The most productive stretch of water is through Paradise Valley in Montana, especially near Livingston which produces brown trout, rainbow trout and native Yellowstone cutthroat trout as well as Rocky Mountain whitefish. From Billings downstream to the North Dakota border, anglers seek burbot, channel catfish, paddlefish, sauger, smallmouth bass, and walleye.[36][37] The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), an endangered species endemic to the waters of the Missouri and lower Mississippi River basins, is also found in the Yellowstone.
Yellowstone Lake to Yellowstone Falls

Yellowstone River, Fishing Bridge, July 1959 The river inside Yellowstone National Park provides accessible flat water fishing and abundant Yellowstone cutthroat trout. The portion of the river through the Hayden Valley is closed all year long, but the rest is accessible and easily wadable. No floating is allowed. Numerous insect hatches occur following the opening of the river on July 15 providing anglers the opportunity to try numerous artificial flies including Pale Morning Duns, Green Drakes, Gray Drakes, Caddis and salmonflies.
Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone and Black Canyon of the Yellowstone

Black Canyon of the Yellowstone near Gardiner, Montana The canyon reaches inside Yellowstone National Park are accessible only by hiking or horseback. The river here is usually quite swift, with sheer canyon walls in spots. Below Knowles Falls, about four miles upstream from Gardiner, anglers will find browns and whitefish in addition to the rainbows and cutthroat trout.
Gardiner to Yankee Jim Canyon

Just south of Yankee Jim Canyon This section of the Yellowstone holds a good population of medium-sized rainbow and cutthroat trout, with a few big browns as well. The first half of this section from Gardiner to the bridge at Corwin Springs is mostly fast water, with some class II and III white water. From Corwin Springs to Yankee Jim Canyon, the river flattens out substantially and gives the angler more time to cast to fish along the banks.
Yankee Jim Canyon

Upper Yankee Jim Canyon Yankee Jim Canyon is the Yellowstone's best white water, with several major rapids. Steep canyon walls make it a difficult stretch to fish. Because of the potential danger in floating the Canyon, many commercial fishing guides do not float this stretch, though recreational floaters are common.
Tom Miner Bridge to Emigrant

Yellowstone River near Emigrant From the Tom Miner Bridge (or the Carbella access just downstream) down to Point of Rocks, there is some excellent water, lots of fast pocket water with several nice pools. Once the river reaches the Point of Rocks, the gradient decreases substantially and the river turns into slower, longer pools.
Emigrant to Mallard's Rest

Drift Boat Fly Fishing on the Yellowstone near Grey Owl Just downstream from Emigrant is Grey Owl, one of the best fishing access points on the river. From here down to Mallard's Rest there is a pleasant mix of big pools and large browns and rainbows.
Mallard's Rest to Carter's Bridge

Armstrong Spring Creek near Mallard's Rest This section of river known as Paradise Valley provides some of the most spectacular scenery on the Yellowstone, along with some of the best fishing. The scenery is dominated by the Absaroka Mountains to the east and the Gallatin Mountains to the west. Along this stretch numerous spring creeks flow into the river, many of which are blue ribbon trout streams in their own right, such as DePuy Spring Creek. Rainbows dominate this part of the river, but browns can be found here also.
Carter's Bridge to Highway 89 Bridge

Winter Ice Near Carter's Bridge, January 2008 Because the Yellowstone flows right through Livingston between these points, this is known as the "town stretch". Given the presence of the upstream spring creeks for spawning, this reach of fast water is ideal habitat for rainbows which make up most of the population here. The use of a drift boat is the best way to access this stretch, though there are some good access points for walking and wading as well.
Highway 89 Bridge to Big Timber
This section starts about five miles to the east of Livingston, just off Interstate 90, where Highway 89 turns north, toward White Sulphur Springs. This lower river, from here on down through Big Timber is similar to the water around Livingston, but the riffles and pools are farther apart so there is more unproductive water. The fish populations are not as high as in the upper river and water through town, but there are some very large rainbows and browns to be caught in this stretch. In late summer, wind gusting across hayfields blows a lot of grasshoppers in the river which creates explosive reactions from big fish.
Advocates[edit]
Yellowstone River Conservation District Council - The council's purpose is to provide local leadership, assistance, and guidance for the wise use and conservation of the Yellowstone River's natural resources.[38]
Trout Unlimited — Trout Unlimited's mission is to conserve, protect and restore North America's coldwater fisheries and their watersheds.[39]
Western Watersheds Project — The mission of Western Watersheds Project is to protect and restore western watersheds and wildlife through education, public policy initiatives and litigation.[40]
Montana River Action — The clean flowing waters of Montana belong to the people and are held in trust by the State for a pollution-free healthful environment guaranteed by our Montana Constitution. Montana River Action's mission is to protect and restore rivers, streams and other water bodies.[41]
See also[edit]
Angling in Yellowstone National Park
Fishes of Yellowstone National Park
Montana Stream Access Law
List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)
List of rivers of Montana
List of rivers of North Dakota
List of rivers of Wyoming
List of waterfalls in Yellowstone National Park
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yellowstone River, USGS GNIS
Jump up ^ "Flows of Largest U.S. Rivers -- Length, Discharge, and Drainage Area". U.S. Census.
Jump up ^ "Yellowstone River at Sidney, Montana". Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. River Discharge Database. 1996-10-19. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "USGS Gage #06329500 on the Yellowstone River near Sydney, MT". National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
^ Jump up to: a b [1] Yellowstone River Basin (Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan Aquatic Basins - Yellowstone Basin, 2010).
^ Jump up to: a b [2] Zelt, Ronald B., Greg Boughton, Kirk A. Miller, Jon P. Mason, and Laura M. Gianakos, Environmental Setting of the Yellowstone River Basin, Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming (Water-Resources Investigations Report 98.4269, 1999).
Jump up ^ "Stream Access in Montana". mt.gov. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/137Orig.pdf
Jump up ^ "Hidatsa Lessons Vocab2". Hidatsa Language Program. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
^ Jump up to: a b James S. Macdonald Jr. "History of Yellowstone as a Place Name".
Jump up ^ * Brown, Dee (1970). Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, ch. 6. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-11979-6.
Jump up ^ M. John Lubetkin, Jay Cooke's Gamble: The Northern Pacific Railroad, the Sioux, and the Panic of 1873 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006).
^ Jump up to: a b [3] October 30, 2012
Jump up ^ Ruptured Pipeline Spills Oil Into Yellowstone River New York Times, July 2, 2011
Jump up ^ Spill sends 40km oil slick into river Herald Sun July 3, 2011
Jump up ^ "Cleanup after 'unfortunate incident' in Yellowstone." CBS News (Associated Press). January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Carcinogen Benzene Found in Water Supply in Montana Town Following Weekend Oil Spill - National News - ABC News Radio". ABC News Radio. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Koch, Wendy (January 20, 2015). "Oil Spills Into Yellowstone River, Possibly Polluting Drinking Water." National Geographic. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cancer-causing agent found in Yellowstone River-sourced water supply after pipeline spill." Japan Times (Associated Press). January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Muskal, Michael (January 20, 2015) "Water supply off-limits in Montana town after Yellowstone River oil spill" Los Angeles Times
Jump up ^ "Crews work to clear Yellowstone river of 40,000 gallon crude oil spill". theguardian.com. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Summers, Jessica (20 January 2015). "Yellowstone River Oil Spill Threatens Drinking Water in Montana". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.kpax.com/news/glendive-water-treatment-plant-decontaminated/
Jump up ^ "Glendive’s water declared safe after oil spill" (January 23, 2015) Mojave Daily News
Jump up ^ "Montana oil spill latest in pipeline company's string of incidents". The Guardian. 31 January 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Big Montana Oil Spill Is Latest Involving Pipeline Company". ABC News. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
Jump up ^ MATTHEW BROWN (3 February 2015). "Oil cleanup on Yellowstone River on hold until ice melts". The Billings Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Proliferative Kidney Disease". Merck Animal Health. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yellowstone River Fish Kill Fact Sheet". Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. August 19, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yellowstone River fish kill closes 183-mile stretch of river, but doesn't reach park, officials say". Newsday-Associated Press. August 20, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks :: FWP opens two stretches of the Yellowstone River". fwp.mt.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
Jump up ^ https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?cb_00010=on&cb_00060=on&cb_00065=on&cb_00065=on&format=gif_default&site_no=06192500&period=&begin_date=2016-07-16&end_date=2016-08-10
Jump up ^ "Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks :: Yellowstone River Fish Kill Fact Sheet - Updated Sept. 22, 2016". fwp.mt.gov. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Ross, John (1999). Trout Unlimited's Guide to America's Best 100 Trout Streams in. Guidford, CT: Globe Pequot Press. pp. 218–20, 232–35.
Jump up ^ "Montana Blue and Red Ribbon streams" (PDF). mt.gov. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Montana Fish and Wildlife Fishing Guide-Yellowstone River". mt.gov. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Walinchus, Rod; Travis, Tom (1995). Fly Fishing The Yellowstone River. Boulder, CO: Pruett Publishing. ISBN 0-87108-861-4.
Jump up ^ "Yellowstone River Conservation District Council website". mt.gov. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Trout Unlimited - Conserving coldwater fisheries -". Trout Unlimited. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Home - Western Watersheds Project". Western Watersheds Project. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Montana River Action - Home Page". Retrieved 14 May 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Brooks, Charles E. (1984). Fishing Yellowstone Waters. Clinton, NJ: New Win Publishing Inc. ISBN 0-8329-0353-1.
Hughes, Dave (1992). The Yellowstone River and its Angling. Portland, OR: Frank Amato Publications. ISBN 1-878175-23-8.
Walinchus, Rod; Travis, Tom (1995). Fly Fishing The Yellowstone River. Boulder, CO: Pruett Publishing. ISBN 0-87108-861-4.
Holt, John (1996). Montana Fly-Fishing Guide-East. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-529-4.
Mathews, Craig; Molinero, Clayton (1997). The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide-A authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-55821-545-X.
Parks, Richard (1998). Fishing Yellowstone Waters. Guilford, CT: Falcon Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56044-625-5.
Graetz, Rick; Graetz, Susie (2002). Montana's Yellowstone River - From the Teton Wilderness to the Missouri. Helena, MT: Northern Rockies Publishing. ISBN 1-891152-16-5.
Sullivan, Gordon (2008). Saving Homewaters: The Story of Montana's Streams and Rivers. Woodstock, VT: The Countryman Press. ISBN 978-0-88150-679-2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yellowstone River.
Fish and Wildlife Service: Upper Missouri River and Yellowstone
USGS Site: Lewis and Clark Expedition
State of Montana: Yellowstone River Physical Features Inventory
State of Montana: Lower Yellowstone Corridor Physical Features Inventory
show
v
t
e
Yellowstone National Park - Lake and Environs
Historic structures and other attractions in the Yellowstone Lake, West Thumb, South and East Entrance areas
Structures and History
Fishing Bridge Museum
Grand Loop Road Historic District
Grant Village
Lake Hotel
Lake Fish Hatchery Historic District
Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums
West Thumb Geyser Basin
Abyss Pool
Big Cone
Black Pool
Fishing Cone
Geography and Geology
Barlow Peak
Buffalo Bill Cody Scenic Byway
Cody, Wyoming
Colter Peak
Eagle Peak (Wyoming)
Factory Hill
Hayden Valley
Heart Lake
Heart River (Wyoming)
Jackson, Wyoming
Lewis Falls
Lewis Lake
Lewis River
Mount Chittenden
Mount Doane
Mount Hancock
Mount Schurz
Mount Sheridan
Mount Stevenson
Orange Mound Spring
Shoshone Lake
Snake River
Sulphur Spring
Sylvan Pass
Yellowstone Lake
Yellowstone River
Yellowstone National Park-related articles
Commons
show
v
t
e
Yellowstone National Park - Tower-Roosevelt and Lamar Valley
Geography, historic structures and other attractions in the Tower Roosevelt and Lamar Valley areas
Structures and History
Grand Loop Road Historic District
John F. Yancey
Lamar Buffalo Ranch
Northeast Entrance Station
Roosevelt Lodge Historic District
Yanceys, Wyoming
Geography and Geology
Abiathar Peak
Barronette Peak
Beartooth Highway
Cooke City, Montana
Cook Peak
Druid Peak
Dunraven Pass
Dunraven Peak
Folsom Peak
Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
Hedges Peak
Lamar River
Mount Hornaday
Mount Norris
Mount Washburn
Overhanging Cliff
Prospect Peak
Slough Creek (Wyoming)
Soda Butte Creek
Specimen Ridge
The Thunderer
Tower Fall
Trout Lake (Wyoming)
Yellowstone Falls
Yellowstone River
List of Yellowstone National Park related articles
Media related to Nature of Yellowstone National Park at Wikimedia Commons
show
v
t
e
Yellowstone National Park - Mammoth Hot Springs
Historic structures and other attractions in the Mammoth Hot Springs area
Structures
and history
Fort Yellowstone
Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District
North Entrance Road Historic District
Obsidian Cliff Kiosk
Roosevelt Arch
U.S. Post Office (Yellowstone National Park)
Geography
and geology
Antler Peak
Bunsen Peak
Clagett Butte
Electric Peak
Gallatin Range
Gardiner, Montana
Gardner River
Golden Gate Canyon
Gray Peak
Kingman Pass
Joseph Peak
Mammoth Hot Springs
Mount Everts
Obsidian Cliff
Sepulcher Mountain Sheepeater Cliff
Terrace Mountain
Yellowstone River
List of Yellowstone National Park-related articles
Media related to Mammoth Hot Springs at Wikimedia Commons
show
v
t
e
State of Montana
Helena (capital)
Topics
Index
Congressional delegations
Geography
Government
Governors
History
bibliography
People
Protected areas
Sports
State symbols
Transportation
Tourist attractions
Seal of Montana
Society
Crime
Culture
Demographics
Economy
Education
Politics
LGBT rights
Regions
Eastern Montana
The Flathead
Glacier National Park
Regional designations of Montana
Western Montana
Yellowstone
Largest cities
Anaconda
Belgrade
Billings
Bozeman
Butte
Columbia Falls
Dillon
Glendive
Great Falls
Hamilton
Havre
Helena
Kalispell
Laurel
Lewistown
Livingston
Miles City
Missoula
Polson
Sidney
Whitefish
Counties
Beaverhead
Big Horn
Blaine
Broadwater
Carbon
Carter
Cascade
Chouteau
Custer
Daniels
Dawson
Deer Lodge
Fallon
Fergus
Flathead
Gallatin
Garfield
Glacier
Golden Valley
Granite
Hill
Jefferson
Judith Basin
Lake
Lewis and Clark
Liberty
Lincoln
Madison
McCone
Meagher
Mineral
Missoula
Musselshell
Park
Petroleum
Phillips
Pondera
Powder River
Powell
Prairie
Ravalli
Richland
Roosevelt
Rosebud
Sanders
Sheridan
Silver Bow
Stillwater
Sweet Grass
Teton
Toole
Treasure
Valley
Wheatland
Wibaux
Yellowstone
show
v
t
e
State of North Dakota
Bismarck (capital)
Topics
Bibliography
Climate
Colleges and universities
Cuisine
Delegations
Geography
Governors
History
LGBT history in North Dakota
Music
People
Tourist attractions
Seal of North Dakota
Society
Culture
Crime
Demographics
Economy
Education
Politics
Regions
Badlands
Coteau du Missouri
Drift Prairie
Red River Valley
Turtle Mountains
Larger cities
pop. over 5,000
Bismarck
Devils Lake
Dickinson
Fargo
Grand Forks
Jamestown
Mandan
Minot
Valley City
Wahpeton
West Fargo
Williston
Smaller cities
pop. 1,000–5,000
Beach
Beulah
Bottineau
Bowman
Burlington
Cando
Carrington
Casselton
Cavalier
Cooperstown
Crosby
Ellendale
Garrison
Grafton
Hankinson
Harvey
Hazen
Hettinger
Hillsboro
Horace
Kenmare
Langdon
Larimore
Lincoln
Linton
Lisbon
Mayville
New Rockford
New Town
Oakes
Park River
Rolla
Rugby
Stanley
Thompson
Tioga
Velva
Walhalla
Washburn
Watford City
Wishek
Counties
Adams
Barnes
Benson
Billings
Bottineau
Bowman
Burke
Burleigh
Cass
Cavalier
Dickey
Divide
Dunn
Eddy
Emmons
Foster
Golden Valley
Grand Forks
Grant
Griggs
Hettinger
Kidder
LaMoure
Logan
McHenry
McIntosh
McKenzie
McLean
Mercer
Morton
Mountrail
Nelson
Oliver
Pembina
Pierce
Ramsey
Ransom
Renville
Richland
Rolette
Sargent
Sheridan
Sioux
Slope
Stark
Steele
Stutsman
Towner
Traill
Walsh
Ward
Wells
Williams
show
v
t
e
State of Wyoming
Cheyenne (capital)
Topics
Bibliography
Governors
Delegations
History
People
State symbols
Radio stations
Seal of Wyoming
Society
Crime
Demographics
Economy
Education
Politics
Regions
Black Hills
Grand Teton
Great Basin
Powder River Country
Red Desert
Yellowstone
Cities
Buffalo
Casper
Cheyenne
Cody
Douglas
Evanston
Gillette
Green River
Jackson
Lander
Laramie
Powell
Rawlins
Riverton
Rock Springs
Sheridan
Torrington
Worland
Counties
Albany
Big Horn
Campbell
Carbon
Converse
Crook
Fremont
Goshen
Hot Springs
Johnson
Laramie
Lincoln
Natrona
Niobrara
Park
Platte
Sheridan
Sublette
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
Washakie
Weston
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
GND: 4280716-5
NARA: 10046854
VIAF: 246209323
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_River&oldid=859711970"
Categories:
Rivers of Yellowstone National Park
Tributaries of the Yellowstone River
Rivers of Montana
Rivers of North Dakota
Rivers of Wyoming
Tributaries of the Missouri River
Bodies of water of Stillwater County, Montana
Bodies of water of Sweet Grass County, Montana
Hidden categories:
Coordinates on Wikidata
Geobox usage tracking for river type
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Беларуская
Български
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
فارسی
Français
Frysk
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Italiano
עברית
Lietuvių
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tsetsêhestâhese
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
中文
30 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 September 2018, at 20:13 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values: text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; background-color: #b3cce4;

attrs: class title

values:
mergedtoprow
Location name (local name)

values: Country/Countries in which the site lies

values:
mergedrow
State/States in which the site lies

values: Major tributaries observed as the river flows

values: Major left tributaries observed as the river flows

values: Boulder River (Sweet Grass County, Montana)

values: Stillwater River (Stillwater County, Montana)

values:
/wiki/Big_Horn_River
mw-redirect
Big Horn River

values:
/wiki/Powder_River_(Montana)
mw-redirect
Powder River (Montana)

values: Major right tributaries observed as the river flows

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
mergedrow
Drainage basin/catchment area/watershed

values: width: 256px; padding: 0; font-size: 89%;

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Clarks_Fork_Yellowstone
mw-redirect
Clarks Fork Yellowstone

values:
/wiki/Continental_Divide
mw-redirect
Continental Divide

values: Black Canyon of the Yellowstone (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Paradise_Valley,_Montana
mw-redirect
Paradise Valley, Montana

values:
/wiki/Animal_trapping
mw-redirect
Animal trapping

values:
/wiki/Mountain_men
mw-redirect
Mountain men

values:
/wiki/William_Clark_(explorer)
mw-redirect
William Clark (explorer)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Lakota_Sioux
mw-redirect
Lakota Sioux

values:
/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876-77
mw-redirect
Great Sioux War of 1876-77

values:
/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel
mw-redirect
Lieutenant Colonel

values:
/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad
mw-redirect
Northern Pacific Railroad

values:
/wiki/Suspended_sediment
mw-redirect
Suspended sediment

values: Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks

values:
/wiki/Tetracapsuloides_bryosalmonae
mw-redirect
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae

values:
/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_fisheries
mw-redirect
Blue Ribbon fisheries

values: Black Canyon of the Yellowstone Near Gardiner Montana.jpg

values: Yellowstone River, flowing through Paradise Valley.jpg

values: Drift Boat Fly Fishing on Yellowstone River Near Grey Owl.jpg

values:
/wiki/Absaroka_Mountains
mw-redirect
Absaroka Mountains

values:
/wiki/Gallatin_Mountains
mw-redirect
Gallatin Mountains

values: List of waterfalls in Yellowstone National Park

values:
/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)
mw-redirect
National Geographic (magazine)

values:
/wiki/Japan_Times
mw-redirect
Japan Times

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tu.org

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.westernwatersheds.org

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://endangered.fws.gov/uppermo.html

values: Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums

values:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: c:category:Nature of Yellowstone National Park

values: U.S. Post Office (Yellowstone National Park)

values: United States congressional delegations from Montana

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/The_Flathead
mw-redirect
The Flathead

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: List of colleges and universities in North Dakota

values: United States congressional delegations from North Dakota

values: Category:Tourist attractions in North Dakota

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: United States congressional delegations from Wyoming

values:
/wiki/Demographics_of_Wyoming
mw-redirect
Demographics of Wyoming

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_Wyoming
mw-redirect
Economy of Wyoming

values:
/wiki/Education_in_Wyoming
mw-redirect
Education in Wyoming

values:
/wiki/Politics_of_Wyoming
mw-redirect
Politics of Wyoming

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4280716-5

values: National Archives and Records Administration

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/246209323

values: Category:Rivers of Yellowstone National Park

values: Category:Tributaries of the Yellowstone River

values: Category:Tributaries of the Missouri River

values: Category:Bodies of water of Stillwater County, Montana

values: Category:Bodies of water of Sweet Grass County, Montana

values: Category:Geobox usage tracking for river type

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Yellowstone_River
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: نهر يلوستون – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Йелоустоун (река) – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Йеллоустон (юханшыв) – Chuvash

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: رود یلواستون – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values: 옐로스톤강 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Ելլուսթոն (գետ) – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ילוסטון (נהר) – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: イエローストーン川 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: دریاۓ ییلوسٹون – Western Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Йеллоустон (река) – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Јелоустоун (река) – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-chy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Yellowstone_River rootpage-Yellowstone_River skin-vector action-view