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People's Bank of China
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Not to be confused with Bank of China, Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan), or National Bank of China.
"PBOC" redirects here. It is not to be confused with PBOC Motorsports Club.
People's Bank of China
中国人民银行
Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng

People's Bank of China headquarters in Beijing
Headquarters
Beijing and Shanghai
Coordinates
39°54′24″N 116°21′14″E / 39.90667°N 116.35389°E / 39.90667; 116.35389Coordinates: 39°54′24″N 116°21′14″E / 39.90667°N 116.35389°E / 39.90667; 116.35389 (Beijing)
Established
1 December 1948 (1948-12-01)
Ownership
State Council of the People's Republic of China
Party Secretary
Governor
Guo Shuqing
Yi Gang
Central bank of
People's Republic of China
Currency
Renminbi (RMB)
CNY (ISO 4217)
Reserves
US$3.21 trillion (November 2017)[1]
Reserve requirements
17%[2]
Bank rate
4.3%[3]
Interest on reserves
3.5%
Website
www.pbc.gov.cn
People's Bank of China
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese
中国人民银行
Traditional Chinese
中國人民銀行
Literal meaning
China People Bank
showTranscriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese
人民银行
Traditional Chinese
人民銀行
Literal meaning
People Bank
showTranscriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Rénmín Yínháng
Second alternative Chinese name
Chinese
人行
Literal meaning
People's Bank
showTranscriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Rénháng
Tibetan name
Tibetan
ཀྲུང་གོ་མི་དམངས། མི་རྣམས།དངུལ་ཁང་།
Zhuang name
Zhuang
Cunghgoz Yinzminz Yinzhangz
Mongolian name
Mongolian script
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ
ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ
Uyghur name
Uyghur
جۇڭگو خەلق بانكا
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v
t
e
The People's Bank of China (PBC or PBOC; Chinese: 中国人民银行; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China responsible for carrying out monetary policy and regulation of financial institutions in mainland China, as determined by Bank Law. Valued at US$3.21 trillion,[4] The People's Bank of China has had the largest financial asset holdings of any central bank in the world since July 2017.[5][6] Though possessing a high degree of independence by Chinese standards, it remains a department of the State Council.[7]
Contents
1 History
2 Management
3 Structure
3.1 Microfinance
3.2 Financial inclusion
4 List of governors
5 Interest rates
6 Reserve requirement ratio
7 Foreign-exchange reserves
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
History[edit]
The bank was established on December 1, 1948, based on the consolidation of the Huabei Bank, the Beihai Bank and the Xibei Farmer Bank. The headquarters was first located in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, and then moved to Beijing in 1949. Between 1950 and 1978 the PBC was the only bank in the People's Republic of China and was responsible for both central banking and commercial banking operations. All other banks within Mainland China such as the Bank of China were either organized as divisions of the PBC[8] or were non-deposit taking agencies.[9][10]
From 1952 to 1955 government shares were added to private banks to make state-private banks, until under the first Five Year plan from 1955 to 1959 the PBOC had complete control of the private banks, making them branches of the PBOC, closely resembling the vision of Vladimir Lenin. With aid from the Soviet Union, the shares of private enterprises and with them industrial output followed a similar path, forming a Soviet-style planned economy.
With the exception of special allocations for rural development, the monolithic PBOC dominated all business transactions and credit until 1978,[11] when, as part of the Chinese economic reforms, the State Council split off the commercial banking functions of the PB into four independent but state-owned banks, including the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), the Bank of China (BOC), the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), and the China Construction Bank (CCB).[12] In 1983, the State Council promulgated that the PBC would function as the central bank of China.
Mr. Chen Yuan was instrumental in modernizing the bank in the early 1990s. Its central bank status was legally confirmed on March 18, 1995 by the 3rd Plenum of the 8th National People's Congress, and was granted a high degree of independence by an act that year.[13] In 1998, the PBC underwent a major restructuring. All provincial and local branches were abolished, and the PBC opened nine regional branches, whose boundaries did not correspond to local administrative boundaries. In 2003, the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress approved an amendment law for strengthening the role of PBC in the making and implementation of monetary policy for safeguarding the overall financial stability and provision of financial services.
Management[edit]
The top management of the PBC are composed of the governor and a certain number of deputy governors. The governor of the PBC is appointed into or removed by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee. The candidate for the governor of the PBC is nominated by the Premier of the People's Republic of China approved by the National People's Congress. When the National People's Congress is in adjournment, the Standing Committee sanctions the candidacy for the governor of the PBC. The deputy governors of the PBC are appointed to or removed from office by the Premier of the State Council.
The PBC adopts a governor responsibility system under which the governor supervises the overall work of the PBC while the deputy governors provide assistance to the governor to fulfill his or her responsibility.
The current governor is Yi Gang. Deputy governors of the management team include: Wang Huaqing, Pan Gongsheng, Fan Yifei, Guo Qingping, Zhang Xiaohui, and Yang Ziqiang.[14] Former top-level managers include: Ms. Hu Xiaolian, Liu Shiyu, Li Dongrong and Ms. Jin Qi.
Structure[edit]
People's Bank of China Tianjin branch, formerly the Central Bank Tientsin Branch building until 1949, now a protected heritage site
The PBC has established 9 regional branches, one each in Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Xi'an, 2 operations offices in Beijing and Chongqing, 303 municipal sub-branches and 1809 county-level sub-branches.
It has 6 overseas representative offices (PBC Representative Office for America, PBC Representative Office (London) for Europe, PBC Tokyo Representative Office, PBC Frankfurt Representative Office, PBC Representative Office for Africa, Liaison Office of the PBC in the Caribbean Development Bank).
The PBC consists of 18 functional departments (bureaus) as below:[15]
General Administration Department
Legal Affairs Department
Monetary Policy Department
Financial Market Department
Financial Stability Bureau
Financial Survey and Statistics Department
Accounting and Treasury Department
Payment System Department
Technology Department
Currency, Gold and Silver Bureau
State Treasury Bureau
International Department
Internal Auditing Department
Personnel Department
Research Bureau
Credit Information System Bureau
Anti-Money Laundering Bureau (Security Bureau)
Education Department of the CPC PBC Committee
The following enterprises and institutions are directly under the PBC:[16]
China Anti-Money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Center
PBC Graduate School
China Financial Publishing House
Financial News
China National Clearing Center
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
China Gold Coin Incorporation
China Financial Computerization Corporation
China Foreign Exchange Trade System
Microfinance[edit]
Rural credit cooperatives
Financial inclusion[edit]
The PBOC is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.[17]
List of governors[edit]
№
Name
Took office
Left office
Premier
Notes
1 Nan Hanchen (南汉宸) October 1949 October 1954 Zhou Enlai
2 Cao Juru (曹菊如) October 1954 October 1964 Zhou Enlai
3 Hu Lijiao (胡立教) October 1964 1966 Zhou Enlai
post abolished
4 Chen Xiyu (陈希愈) May 1973 January 1978 Zhou Enlai
Hua Guofeng
5 Li Baohua (李葆华) January 1978 April 1982 Hua Guofeng
Zhao Ziyang
6 Lü Peijian (吕培俭) April 1982 March 1985 Zhao Ziyang
7 Chen Muhua (陈慕华)(female) March 1985 April 1988 Zhao Ziyang State Councilor (1982–1988)
8 Li Guixian (李贵鲜) April 1988 July 1993 Li Peng State Councilor (1988–1998)
9 Zhu Rongji (朱镕基) July 1993 June 1995 Li Peng First-ranked Vice-Premier (1993–1998)
10 Dai Xianglong (戴相龙) June 1995 December 2002 Li Peng
Zhu Rongji
11 Zhou Xiaochuan (周小川) December 2002 March 2018 Zhu Rongji
Wen Jiabao
Li Keqiang Vice Chairman of the CPPCC
National Committee (2013–2018)
12 Yi Gang (易纲) March 2018 Incumbent Li Keqiang Serves under party branch secretary Guo Shuqing
Interest rates[edit]
Previously, interest rates set by the bank were always divisible by nine, instead of by 25 as in the rest of the world.[18][19] However, since the central bank began to increase rates by 0.25 percentage points on October 19, 2010, this is no longer the case .
PBC latest interest rate changes:[3]
Change date
Interest rate
August 25, 2015 4.600%
June 27, 2015 4.850%
May 10, 2015 5.100%
February 28, 2015 5.350%
November 21, 2014 5.600%
July 6, 2012 6.000%
June 8, 2012 6.310%
July 7, 2011 6.560%
April 6, 2011 6.310%
February 9, 2011 6.060%
December 26, 2010 5.810%
Reserve requirement ratio[edit]
PBC latest reserve requirement ratio (RRR) changes:
Change date
Reserve requirement ratio
Extra cash for financial system
December 2008 21.0%
December 2011 20.5% 350 billion yuan ($55 billion)[20]
May 2012 20.0% 400 billion yuan ($63.4 billion)[21]
February 2015 19.5% 600 billion yuan ($96 billion)[22]
April 2015 18.5% 1.5 trillion yuan ($240 billion)[23]
August 2015 18.0% 650 billion yuan ($101 billion)
Foreign-exchange reserves[edit]
Foreign-exchange reserves from 2004:[24][25]
Year & month
Foreign-exchange reserves (US$ billion)
2004-01 415.7
2004-02 426.6
2004-03 439.8
2004-04 449
2004-05 458.6
2004-06 470.6
2004-07 483
2004-08 496.2
2004-09 514.5
2004-10 542.4
2004-11 573.9
2004-12 609.9
2005-01 623.6
2005-02 642.6
2005-03 659.1
2005-04 670.8
2005-05 691
2005-06 711
2005-09 769
2005-12 818.9
2006-01 845.2
2006-02 853.7
2006-03 875.1
2006-04 895
2006-05 925
2006-06 941.1
2006-07 954.6
2006-08 972
2006-09 987.9
2006-10 1009.6
2006-11 1038.8
2006-12 1066.3
2007-01 1104.7
2007-02 1157.4
2007-03 1202
2007-04 1246.6
2007-05 1292.7
2007-06 1332.6
2007-07 1385.2
2007-08 1408.6
2007-09 1433.6
2007-10 1454.9
2007-11 1497
2007-12 1528.2
2008-01 1589.8
2008-02 1647.1
2008-03 1682.2
2008-04 1756.7
2008-05 1797
2008-06 1808.8
2008-07 1845.2
2008-08 1884.2
2008-09 1905.6
2008-10 1879.7
2008-11 1884.7
2008-12 1946
2009-01 1913.5
2009-02 1912.1
2009-03 1952.7
2009-04 2008.9
2009-05 2089.5
2009-06 2131.6
2009-07 2174.6
2009-08 2210.8
2009-09 2272.6
2009-10 2328.3
2009-11 2388.8
2009-12 2399.2
2010-01 2415.2
2010-02 2424.6
2010-03 2447.1
2010-04 2490.5
2010-05 2439.5
2010-06 2454.3
2010-07 2538.9
2010-08 2547.8
2010-09 2648.3
2010-10 2760.9
2010-11 2767.8
2010-12 2847.3
2011-01 2931.7
2011-02 2991.4
2011-03 3044.7
2011-06 3197.5
2011-07 3245.3
2011-08 3262.5
2011-09 3201.7
2011-10 3273.8
2011-11 3220.9
2011-12 3181.1
2012-01 3253.6
2012-02 3309.7
2012-03 3305
2012-04 3298.9
2012-05 3206.1
2012-06 3240
2012-07 3240
2012-08 3272.9
2012-09 3285.1
2012-10 3287.4
2012-11 3297.7
2012-12 3311.6
2013-01 3410
2013-02 3395.4
2013-03 3442.6
2013-04 3534.5
2013-05 3514.8
2013-06 3496.7
2013-07 3547.8
2013-08 3553
2013-09 3662.7
2013-10 3736.6
2013-11 3789.5
2013-12 3821.3
2014-01 3866.6
2014-02 3913.7
2014-03 3948.1
2014-04 3978.8
2014-05 3983.9
2014-06 3993.2
2014-07 3966.3
2014-08 3968.8
2014-09 3887.7
2014-10 3852.9
2014-11 3847.4
2014-12 3843
2015-01 3813.41
2015-02 3801.5
2015-03 3730.04
2015-04 3748.14
2015-05 3711.14
2015-06 3693.84
2015-07 3651.31
... ...
2017-05 3053.57
2017-06 3056.79
2017-07 3080.72
2017-08 3091.53
2017-09 3108.51
2017-10 3109.21
2017-11 3119.28
2017-12 3139.95
2018-01 3161.46
2018-02 3134.48
2018-03 3142.82
See also[edit]
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
Renminbi, the Chinese national currency
Bank of China, state-owned commercial bank
Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Monetary Authority of Macao
Central Bank of Taiwan
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "官方储备资产". People's Bank of China. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b "PBC base interest rate – Chinese central bank's interest rate", Global-rates.com. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
Jump up ^ "官方储备资产". People's Bank of China. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Global Economic Briefing: Central Bank Balance Sheets" (PDF). Yardeni.com. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
Jump up ^ James M. Zimmerman 2010. China Law Deskbook. p. 452. https://books.google.com/books?id=oDpWHVz2tO0C&pg=PA452
Jump up ^ Becky Chiu, Mervyn Lewis 2006. Reforming China's State-owned Enterprises and Banks. p. 203. https://books.google.com/books?id=-GTCsC6AqVUC&pg=PA203
Jump up ^ "History of Bank of China", Boc.cn, Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "History", China Construction Bank webpage. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ James M. Zimmerman 2010. China Law Deskbook. p.449. https://books.google.com/books?id=oDpWHVz2tO0C&pg=PA449
Jump up ^ Becky Chiu, Mervyn Lewis 2006. Reforming China's State-owned Enterprises and Banks. p.188-189. https://books.google.com/books?id=-GTCsC6AqVUC&pg=PA188
Jump up ^ James M. Zimmerman 2010. China Law Deskbook. p.450. https://books.google.com/books?id=oDpWHVz2tO0C&pg=PA450
Jump up ^ Becky Chiu, Mervyn Lewis 2006. Reforming China's State-owned Enterprises and Banks. p.203. https://books.google.com/books?id=-GTCsC6AqVUC&pg=PA203
Jump up ^ "Management Team", Pbc.gov.cn, November 23, 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ The People's Bank of China. "Management and Organizational Structure". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ The People's Bank of China. "Enterprises and Institutions directly under the PBC". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AFI members". AFI Global. October 10, 2011. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Calendar, Abacus Help Determine Size of Chinese Rate Increases". Bloomberg. May 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Viewpoint: The "divisible by nine" rule". Info.gov.hk. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "China's Reserve-Ratio Cut May Signal Economic Slowdown Deepening". Bloomberg.com. November 30, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "China Lowers Banks' Reserve Requirements to Support Growth". Bloomberg.com. May 12, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wei, Lingling (February 5, 2015). "China Cuts Reserve Requirement Ratio". Wsj.com. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Economists React: China's Aggressive Cut in Banks' Reserve Requirement Ratio". Blogs.wsj.com. April 20, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "China Monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves Analysis – CNGFOREX". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Stephen Bell and Hui Feng. The Rise of the People's Bank of China: The Politics of Institutional Change (Harvard University Press; 2013) 384 pages; Recent history; uses interviews with key figures
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text:
List of World War II weapons of the United Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Contents
1 Small arms
1.1 Rifles
1.2 Submachine guns
1.3 Machine guns
1.4 Handguns
1.5 Grenades
1.6 Other
1.7 Infantry anti-tank weapons
2 Artillery
2.1 Anti-tank guns
2.2 Guns and howitzers
2.3 Anti-aircraft artillery
2.4 Mortars
3 Vehicles
3.1 Light tanks
3.2 Medium tanks
3.3 Cruiser tanks
3.4 Infantry tanks
3.5 Other tanks
3.6 Self-propelled guns
3.7 Other armoured fighting vehicles
3.8 Utility vehicles
4 Aerial bombs
5 See also
Small arms[edit]
Rifles[edit]
De Lisle Carbine - Specialist issue,129 made
Enfield Pattern 14 (P14) - Used as a marksman weapon until the No.IV Mk.I(T) was introduced, also issued in large number to the LDV.
M1917 Enfield - Issued to LDV.
Martini-Enfield - Used as a reserve arm by Commonwealth troops from India, New Zealand, etc.
Lee Enfield No.1 Mk.III* - Lee Enfield rifle in service at the beginning of the war, supplemented and replaced by the No.4 Mk.I by mid-war.
Lee Enfield No.4 Mk.1 + No.4 Mk.I(T) - Lee Enfield rifle that replaced the No.I Mk.III* in larger numbers mid-war.
Lee Enfield No.5 Mk.I "Jungle Carbine" - Introduced in 1944 to replace the longer No.1 Mk.III* for service in the jungle.
Submachine guns[edit]
Lanchester submachine gun - British submachine gun, developed from the German MP28, used by the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force.
Sten - simple design, low-cost British submachine gun in service from late 1941 to the end of the war.
Thompson - American submachine gun used in large numbers until the Sten gun was introduced.
Sterling/Patchett Machine Carbine Mark 1- British submachine gun first produced in 1944 but only trialled and used in small numbers during the war.
Machine guns[edit]
Bren light machine gun - Light machine gun for infantry use introduced in 1930s and used throughout the whole of the war.
Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) - Issued to Home Guard
Lewis Gun - In service with some infantry at outbreak of war in small numbers, issued to British Home Guard for the rest of the war.
Vickers "K" machine gun also known as VGO - Fast firing aircraft machine gun, used in specialist roles on Long Range Desert Group and Special Air Service vehicles in North Africa, as well as a short-lived infantry machine gun with the Commandos.
Vickers machine gun - Standard medium machine gun of the British Army since 1912.
Vickers. 50 - Used as a mounted armament on fighting vehicles, as well as an anti-aircraft weapon by the Royal Navy and other allied ships.
Browning M1919 - Mounted on many lend-lease vehicles.
Browning M2 - heavy machine gun, mounted on many lend-lease vehicles.
Besa machine gun - in 7.92 mm BESA and 15 mm BESA forms used as armament on British-built tanks and armoured cars only.
Vickers-Berthier - Light machine gun adopted by Indian Army pre-war and used by Indian Commonwealth troops.
Besal - A machine gun that was a good alternative to the Bren gun as it was lighter, simpler, and cheaper to manufacture. The design was by Henry Faulkner of Birmingham Small Arms who also manufactured the larger Besa machine gun.
Handguns[edit]
Enfield No.2 Mk.1 Revolver
Webley Revolver - many marks in .38 and .455 calibres
Browning FN-Inglis "Pistol No.II Mk.I*"
Colt M1911A1
Webley No.I Mk.I - Automatic pistol in .455 inch. Issued to the Royal Navy
Welrod - suppressed pistol
Smith & Wesson Model 10
Colt New Service
Colt Official Police.
Grenades[edit]
Grenade, Hand or Rifle, No.36M Mk.I "Mills Bomb"
"Grenade, Rifle No.68 /AT" HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank) rifle grenade
No.69 Mk.I Bakelite Concussion Hand Grenade
No.76, Special Incendiary Phosphorus Hand Grenade
No.73 Anti-Tank Hand Grenade "Thermos Grenade"
Grenade, Hand, No.74 ST "Sticky Bomb"
No.75 Anti-Tank Hand Grenade "Hawkins Grenade"/"Hawkins Mine"
No.77 White Phosphorus Hand Grenade
Grenade, Hand, No. 82 "Gammon Bomb".
Other[edit]
No.II Mk.II Flamethrower "Lifebuoy"
Lewes bomb - Used by the SAS
Land Mattress - Multiple rocket launcher
Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife
Smatchet
Kukri
Infantry anti-tank weapons[edit]
Blacker Bombard - spigot mortar firing round. Issued for home defence only
Rifle, Anti-Tank, .55in, Boys "Boys Anti-Tank Rifle" - Infantry anti-tank weapon (prewar - 1943).
Projector, Infantry, Anti-Tank (PIAT) - Infantry anti-tank weapon (1943 until end of war).
Artillery[edit]
Anti-tank guns[edit]
Ordnance QF 2-pounder - 40 mm weapon used at start of the war
Ordnance QF 6-pounder - 57 mm weapon that replaced 2-pounder in artillery units
Ordnance QF 17-pounder - 76 mm weapon introduced later in war for artillery units
Guns and howitzers[edit]
Ordnance QF 25-pounder Gun-howitzer
BL 5.5-inch Medium Gun
BL 4.5-inch Medium Field Gun
BL 7.2-inch Howitzer Mk.I
BL 8-inch Howitzer - siege gun
BL 60-pounder gun - 5 inch gun from First World War era, replaced by 4.5 inch gun during war
75 mm Pack Howitzer M1 and M8 - US supplied portable howitzer for use in mountainous areas
QF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer
Smith Gun - smoothbore weapon for Home Guard use only
Anti-aircraft artillery[edit]
20 mm Oerlikon
20 mm Polsten - lower cost development of Oerlikon
40 mm Bofors
QF 3 inch 20 cwt
QF 3.7 inch AA gun
QF 4.5-inch Mark 1 to Mark V
Mortars[edit]
2 Inch Mortar
3 Inch Mortar
Ordnance ML 4.2 inch Mortar
Blacker Bombard
Northover projector - Home Guard use.
Vehicles[edit]
Main articles: British armoured fighting vehicles of World War II and British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
see also List of World War II military vehicles by country, United Kingdom
Light tanks[edit]
Light Tank Mk.VI
Light Tank Mk.VII Tetrarch
General Stuart
Locust
Chaffee
Medium tanks[edit]
Tank, Medium, Mk.II - Used in small scale in the early battles in North Africa, from then; dug into ground with turret protruding for defence, in North Africa, & Great Britain.
General Grant - Medium Tank M3, purchased from America, to British specification.
General Lee - Medium Tank M3, provided under Lend-Lease from America.
General Sherman - Medium Tank M4, provided under Lend-Lease from America.
Sherman Firefly - Sherman tank, rearmed with a British 17-pdr gun.
Cruiser tanks[edit]
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.I (A9)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.II (A10)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.III (A13)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.IV (A13 Mk.II)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.V, Covenanter (A13 Mk.III) [Did not see service]
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.VI, Crusader (A15)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.VII, Cavalier (A24) - Regular tank not used in combat, OP and ARV tank used.
Tank, Cruiser Mk.VIII, Centaur (A27L)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.VIII, Cromwell (A27M)
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.VIII, Challenger (A30) - 17-pdr gun
Tank, Cruiser, Comet I (A34)
Tank, Cruiser, Centurion I (A41) - Entered service too late to see combat service.
Infantry tanks[edit]
Tank, Infantry, Mk.I, Matilda I
Tank, Infantry, Mk.II, Matilda II
Tank, Infantry, Mk.III Valentine
Tank, Infantry, Mk.IV, Churchill
Tank, Infantry, Valiant - prototype only.
Infantry Tank Black Prince - prototype only.
Other tanks[edit]
"Tank, Heavy Assault, A33 (Excelsior)" - prototype only
Tortoise heavy assault tank - prototype only
Tank, Heavy TOG 1 - prototype only
Tank, Heavy TOG 2 - prototype only
Self-propelled guns[edit]
Self Propelled 17-pdr, Valentine, Mk.I, Archer
3in SP. M10 - Gun Motor Carriage M10, provided under Lend-Lease from America.
17pdr SP M10C - M10 rearmed with 17-pdr gun
AEC Mk I Gun Carrier "Deacon"
Carrier, Valentine, 25-pdr gun, Mk.I, Bishop
25-pdr SP, tracked, Sexton
SP 17-pdr, A30 (Avenger) - Order not fulfilled until post-war.
105 mm SP, Priest - 105 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage M7, provided under Lend-Lease from America.
M3(T12) 75 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage - Provided under Lend-Lease from America. In British service designated "75 mm SP, Autocar".
T48 57 mm Gun Motor Carriage - 680 provided by Lend-Lease from America. Many had gun removed to convert them back to Armoured Personnel Carriers.
Multiple Gun Motor Carriage M14 - Provided by Lend-Lease from America. Many had guns removed to convert them back to armoured personnel carriers.
Other armoured fighting vehicles[edit]
Universal Carrier
Loyd Carrier
Half-track Car M2 - Provided under Lend-Lease by US.
Half-track Car M3 - Provided under Lend-Lease by US.
Half-track Personnel Carrier M3 - Provided under Lend-Lease by US.
Half-track Personnel Carrier M5 - Provided under Lend-Lease by US.
4-ton amphibian, Terrapin - amphibious personnel carrier
Utility vehicles[edit]
Willys Jeep
"Tilly" - utility versions of civilian cars.
Aerial bombs[edit]
This article is incomplete. Please help to improve it, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (June 2010)
Fire balloons
Operation Outward
"Bouncing bombs"
Upkeep
Highball
Gas bombs Smoke bombs
Tallboy bomb
Grand Slam bomb
Blockbuster bombs
4,000 lb HC (High Capacity)
8,000 lb HC
12,000 lb HC.
See also[edit]
List of British military equipment of World War II
World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom
World War II military equipment of the United Kingdom topics

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text:
Wings of a Dove (Bob Ferguson song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Wings of a Dove"
Single by Ferlin Husky
B-side
"Next to Jimmy"
Released
July 1960
Genre
Country
Length
2:18
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Bob Ferguson
Producer(s)
Ken Nelson
Ferlin Husky singles chronology
"Black Sheep"
(1959) "Wings of a Dove"
(1960) "Willow Tree"
(1961)
"Black Sheep"
(1959) "Wings of a Dove"
(1960) "Willow Tree"
(1961)
"Wings of a Dove' is a country song written by Bob Ferguson in 1958. "Wings of a Dove" was most popular when it was recorded by Ferlin Husky in 1960. The Ferlin Husky recording went to number one on the country charts for 10 nonconsecutive weeks.[1] It was Ferlin Husky's third and final number one on the country chart, spending nine months on the chart. "Wings of a Dove" was successful on the pop charts, as well, peaking at number 12 on the Hot 100.[2] In 1987, Broadcast Music Incorporated awarded Ferguson with the "million air" plays for the "Wings of a Dove".
The song alludes to several passages from the Christian Bible about doves sent by the Lord, including a verse about God sending Noah a dove during the flood in Genesis 8:6-12. Dolly Parton's and Porter Wagner's cover versions[3] include a verse not in the original,[4] referring to another passage about a dove in Matthew 3:16 where "After his baptism, as Jesus came up out of the water, the heavens were opened and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and settling on him."
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
2 Covers
3 Film
4 References
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1960–1961)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot C&W Sides 1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 12
Covers[edit]
The song has also been covered by many artists, including Bonnie Guitar, The Jordanaires, George Jones, Hal Ketchum, Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, Ricky Skaggs and the Whites, The Wilders, Jim Witter, and Madness, among others. Nanci Griffith and Lucinda Williams recorded a duet version of the song for Griffith's album Other Voices, Too (A Trip Back to Bountiful). Dolly Parton, Tammy Wynette, and Loretta Lynn covered the song on their 1993 album Honky Tonk Angels.
Film[edit]
Robert Duvall sang the tune in the 1983 movie Tender Mercies. The movie's soundtrack included a version sung by Duvall and Gail Youngs. A version of the song by Point of Grace appeared on the 2002 soundtrack of the movie Joshua.[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 166.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Eighth Edition. Record Research. p. 296.
Jump up ^ https://secondhandsongs.com/performance/404599/versions
Jump up ^ http://www.oldielyrics.com/lyrics/ferlin_husky/wings_of_a_dove.html
Jump up ^ Most Popular Titles With Soundtracks Matching "Wings of a Dove" accessed May 22, 2011
Preceded by
"Alabam" by Cowboy Copas
"North to Alaska" by Johnny Horton Billboard Hot C&W Sides number-one single
November 14, 1960-January 2, 1961
February 13-February 20, 1961 Succeeded by
"North to Alaska" by Johnny Horton
"Don't Worry" by Marty Robbins

This 1960s country song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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"A Dear John Letter"
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"Country Music is Here to Stay"
"Wings of a Dove"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wings_of_a_Dove_(Bob_Ferguson_song)&oldid=835347272"
Categories:
1960 singles
Gospel songs
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Nanci Griffith songs
Ferlin Husky songs
Hal Ketchum songs
Loretta Lynn songs
Dolly Parton songs
Songs written by Bob Ferguson (music)
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