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La rondine
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La rondine
Opera by Giacomo Puccini
Poster of a 1917 production in Bologna
Librettist
Giuseppe Adami
Language
Italian
Premiere
27 March 1917 (1917-03-27)
Grand Théâtre de Monte Carlo
La rondine (The Swallow) is a comic opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Adami, based on a libretto by Alfred Maria Willner and Heinz Reichert (de). It was first performed at the Grand Théâtre de Monte Carlo (or the Théâtre du Casino) in Monte Carlo on 27 March 1917.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition history
2 Performance history
3 Roles
4 Synopsis
4.1 Act 1
4.2 Act 2
4.3 Act 3
5 Recordings
6 References
7 External links
Composition history[edit]
In autumn 1913, the directors of Vienna's Carltheater commissioned Puccini to compose a Viennese operetta. After confirming that it could take the form of a comic opera with no spoken dialogue in the style of Der Rosenkavalier, "only more entertaining and more organic,"[1] he agreed. The work proceeded for two years, sometimes intensely, sometimes with great difficulty, and in spring 1916 the opera was finished. The originally intended Viennese première was impeded by the outbreak of World War I and the entrance of Italy in the Alliance against Austria-Hungary, hence the Opéra de Monte-Carlo was chosen as the location to present it, with Gilda dalla Rizza and Tito Schipa in the leading roles. A feature of the music is Puccini's use of modern dance rhythms, such as the tango, to denote the various characters.[2]
In Italy, Puccini offered the work to his editor Tito Ricordi, who declined to buy it, dismissing it as "Bad Lehár";[2] thus Ricordi's rival, Lorenzo Sonzogno (it), obtained the right to give the first performance outside Austria-Hungary and moved the premiere to Monégasque neutral territory. At the premiere in Monte Carlo in 1917 the initial reception by the public and press was warm. However, despite the artistic value of the score, La rondine has been one of Puccini's less successful works; "In box office terms, [it] was the poor cousin to the other great hits."[1] There is no established final version of it, Puccini being dissatisfied, as often, with the result of his work; he revised it many times to the point of making three versions (1917, 1920, 1921), with two completely different endings, but died before clearly deciding on a final version.
Performance history[edit]
Revised versions
In the second version, which was premiered at Teatro Massimo, Palermo, in 1920, Prunier is the deciding force in Magda's decision to leave Ruggero in Act 3, and she departs without seeing her lover. In the third version of the opera, Puccini changed the final act again, adding a scene in which Rambaldo comes to beg Magda to return to him, and ending with Ruggero's discovery (via an anonymous telegram) of who Magda really is, his angry rebuke of her, and his decision to leave her for ever. At the end of this version, Magda is left alone with Lisette.[3] The third version was not heard until 1994 in Turin. Moreover, a fire at Casa Sonzogno archives caused by Allied bombing during the war destroyed parts of the score which had to be restored based on the surviving vocal-piano arrangements. The orchestration of the third version was finally completed in authentic Puccinian style by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero at the request of Teatro Regio di Torino and subsequently performed there on 22 March 1994.
As part of a 1958 celebration marking the centenary of Puccini's birth, the Teatro di San Carlo at Naples, Italy, staged a revival of La rondine, at that time one of Puccini's least-performed operas. The revival was well-received, with audiences and critics deeming it a success.[4]
Modern day performances
In Europe since the 1990s stagings have included the première of the third version at Teatro Regio di Torino (1994), as well as performances at La Scala (1994), Leeds Opera North (1994, 2001), Oper Bonn and Ludwigshaven State Opera House (1995), Teatro del Giglio in Lucca (1998), Teatro Filarmonico di Verona (2002), Kansallisooppera, Helsinki (2002, 2003, 2007), Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London (2002, 2005, 2013), Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris (2005), Opéra de Monte-Carlo (2007), La Fenice in Venice (2008), 2012 Teatro Nacional de Sao Carlos (2012), and Portuguese Symphony Orchestra.
In the US, major productions were seen at the Washington National Opera (1998), Los Angeles Opera (2000, 2008), Atlanta Opera (2002), Boston Lyric Opera (2003), New York City Opera (2005), Dallas Opera (2007), San Francisco Opera (2007), Sarasota Opera (2008), the Metropolitan Opera (2008, 2014), and Opera San José (2017).
Marta Domingo's production of La rondine in Bonn in 1995 used the third version, but added to the tragedy by having Magda commit suicide by drowning in the final bars of the opera. This version of the opera has since been staged by the Washington National Opera and the Los Angeles Opera.[5]
Following the premiere of a joint new production by director Nicolas Joël at the Royal Opera House in 2002 (starring soprano Angela Gheorghiu as Magda) and at the Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse, La rondine was seen at the Théâtre du Châtelet, revived at the Royal Opera House in 2005 and 2013, and presented by the San Francisco Opera in 2007,[6] all with Gheorghiu. On 31 December 2008, again with Gheorghiu as Magda, the Metropolitan Opera in New York gave the company's first staging in 70 years. The matinée performance on 10 January 2009 was broadcast in HD to movie theaters and schools throughout the world. This opera also was performed by Des Moines Metro Opera (Indianola, IA) in July 2012, starring Joyce El-Khoury.
Roles[edit]
Role
Voice type
Premiere cast, 27 March 1917
(Conductor: Gino Marinuzzi)
Magda de Civry soprano Gilda dalla Rizza
Lisette, her maid soprano Ines Maria Ferraris
Ruggero Lastouc tenor Tito Schipa
Prunier, a poet tenor Francesco Dominici
Rambaldo Fernandez, Magda's protector baritone Gustave Huberdeau
Périchaud baritone / bass Libert
Gobin tenor Charles Delmas
Crébillon bass/baritone Stéphane
Rabonnier baritone
Yvette soprano Suzy Laugée
Bianca soprano Andrée Moreau
Suzy mezzo-soprano Charlotte Mattei
A butler bass Delestan
A voice soprano
Members of the bourgeoisie, students, painters, elegantly dressed ladies and gentlemen,
grisettes, flower girls and dancing girls, waiters.
Synopsis[edit]
Place: Paris and the French Riviera.
Time: Mid-19th century.
Act 1[edit]
Magda's salon, Paris
At a cocktail party hosted by the courtesan Magda, the poet Prunier expounds his theories on love. Magda's friends Yvette, Bianca and Suzy playfully mock him, while Lisette, Magda's maid, tells him he does not know what he is talking about. Prunier takes offence and Magda orders Lisette to leave. Prunier maintains that no one is immune to romantic love and sings the first verse of his latest song about Doretta, who rejected a king as her suitor because of the value she placed on true love. He does not know how to finish the song, so Magda takes over and provides the second verse: she recounts how Doretta falls in love with a student (Aria: Chi il bel sogno di Doretta). Magda's guests are charmed by her performance and her long-term protector Rambaldo gives her a pearl necklace. Lisette enters to announce the arrival of a young man – the son of an old school friend of Rambaldo. Lisette is ordered by Rambaldo to bring in the guest. Suddenly nostalgic, Magda recalls her life as a young working girl and happy evenings spent dancing at Bullier's, where she first experienced love (Aria: Ore dolci e divine). Some of the guests suggest that Prunier should compose a song based on Magda's story but he declares a preference for songs about perverse heroines, such as Berenice or Salome. Prunier demonstrates his skills at palmistry to some of the girls, while Lisette brings in the visitor, Ruggero. He has an introduction from his father for Rambaldo. Prunier reads Magda's palm and tells her that she is like a swallow: she longs for migration towards the sun and true love. Ruggero explains that it is his first visit to Paris and asks where he may find the best place to spend an evening: after much discussion, Lisette recommends Bullier's. Ruggero leaves. Magda chides the other guests for mocking him. After they too have gone, she tells Lisette that she will remain at home that evening. Then, on a whim, she determines to disguise herself and go to Bullier's as well. She goes to get changed. Prunier returns in secret to escort Lisette to Bullier's and flirts extravagantly with her. Lisette is wearing Magda's hat and Prunier tells her that he dislikes it and orders her to take it off. They then set out together. Magda re-enters, disguised as a working girl. She sings a fragment of Prunier's song about Doretta as she leaves, happily anticipating an adventure.
Act 2[edit]
Bullier's, Paris
The bar is packed with students, artists and flower girls, singing and dancing. Magda enters and attracts the attention of several young men. She hurries over to a table at which Ruggero is sitting alone. She apologizes for intruding and tells him that she will move away as soon as the young men at the bar stop watching her. Ruggero, who does not recognize Magda in her disguise, asks her to stay. They chat and Ruggero tells Magda that she reminds him of the quiet and elegant girls from his home town, Montauban. They dance happily together. Prunier and Lisette enter, arguing about Prunier's desire to turn Lisette into a lady and to educate her. Magda and Ruggero return to their table and Magda begins to reminisce about a past love affair. Ruggero asks for her name and she answers 'Pauletta'. She writes the name on the tablecloth and Ruggero adds his own beneath. The attraction between Magda and Ruggero grows as they talk. Lisette and Prunier pass their table and Lisette recognizes Magda. Magda signals to Prunier not to give away her secret and Prunier tells Lisette she is mistaken. To prove his point, he introduces Lisette to Magda, who tries to maintain her disguise, to the puzzlement of Lisette. The two couples sit together and drink a toast to love. Prunier notices that Rambaldo has come in, and orders Lisette to take Ruggero out of the room for a few minutes, which she does. Rambaldo demands an explanation from Magda for her behaviour and disguise; she tells him that she has nothing to add to what he has already seen. Rambaldo suggests they leave together but she refuses and declares her love for Ruggero, apologizing for any pain she is causing Rambaldo by her actions. Rambaldo tells her that he cannot prevent her staying with Ruggero. As he leaves, Ruggero returns, and tells Magda that dawn is breaking. They decide to begin a new life together, but Magda secretly worries that she is deceiving Ruggero.
Act 3[edit]
The French Riviera
Magda and Ruggero have been living together on the French Riviera for some months. They talk about their first meeting and happiness together, living quietly by the sea. Ruggero tells Magda that he has written to his mother to ask for money to pay their growing debts and for her consent to his marriage to Magda. Ruggero imagines their happy married life and the child they may have (Aria: Dimmi che vuoi seguirmi). Magda is deeply touched, but also uneasy: she knows that her past life as a courtesan would make her unacceptable to Ruggero's family, and possibly to Ruggero if he knew who she really was. As Ruggero leaves to post his letter she meditates on her dilemma, torn between her desire to tell Ruggero everything, her wish not to hurt him and her fear of losing his love. Prunier and Lisette arrive. Lisette has had a brief and disastrous career as a music-hall singer: her performance in Nice the previous evening was a catastrophe. She and Prunier bicker with each other while waiting for Magda. When Magda appears, Lisette begs for her job back, and Magda consents. Prunier expresses surprise that Magda can be happy away from Paris, and delivers a message to Magda from Rambaldo: he is happy to take her back on any terms. Magda refuses to listen. Prunier takes his leave of Lisette (first arranging a rendezvous with her for that evening) and Lisette resumes her duties as Magda's maid. Ruggero returns with a letter from his mother, in which she says that if Ruggero's fiancée has all the virtues he has described to her, he will have a blissful marriage. She looks forward to welcoming the couple to her home and sends Magda a kiss. Magda is unable to keep her secret any longer. She tells Ruggero about her past and declares that she can never be his wife – she would cause his parents too much grief. Ruggero implores Magda not to abandon him (Ma come puoi lasciarmi), but Magda is adamant that they cannot remain together, and that Ruggero must return home. Like a swallow, she flies back to Rambaldo and her old life, leaving Ruggero behind, devastated.
Recordings[edit]
Year
Cast
(Ruggero, Magda, Rambaldo, Lisette, Prunier)
Conductor,
Opera House and Orchestra
Label[7]
1966 Daniele Barioni,
Anna Moffo,
Mario Sereni,
Graziella Sciutti,
Piero de Palma Francesco Molinari-Pradelli,
RCA Italiana Opera orchestra and chorus CD:RCA Victor
Cat: GD60459(2)
1981 Plácido Domingo,
Kiri Te Kanawa,
Leo Nucci,
Mariana Nicolesco
David Rendall Lorin Maazel,
London Symphony Orchestra
Ambrosian Chorus CD:CBS
Cat: M2K-37852
1997 Roberto Alagna,
Angela Gheorghiu,
Alberto Rinaldi,
Inva Mula-Tchako,
William Matteuzzi Antonio Pappano,
London Symphony Orchestra
London Voices CD:EMI Classics
Cat: 56338
1998 Marcus Haddock,
Ainhoa Arteta,
William Parcher,
Inva Mula-Tchako,
Richard Troxell Emmanuel Villaume,
Kennedy Center Opera House Orchestra and Washington Opera Chorus
(Recording of a performance in the Kennedy Center, Washington. February/March) DVD: Decca
Cat: 074 3335
2008 Fernando Portari,
Fiorenza Cedolins,
Stefano Antonucci,
Sandra Pastrana,
Emanuele Giannino Carlo Rizzi,
La Fenice Opera House Orchestra and Chorus
(Recording of performances at La Fenice, January) DVD: ArtHaus Musik
Cat: 101 329
2009 Roberto Alagna,
Angela Gheorghiu,
Samuel Ramey,
Lisette Oropesa,
Marius Brenciu Marco Armiliato,
Chorus and Orchestra of the Metropolitan Opera, New York
(Recording of a performance at the Metropolitan Opera on 10 January 2009) DVD:EMI Classics
Cat: 50999 631618-9 2[8]
References[edit]
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b Gavin Plumly, "Puccini's Bittersweet Operetta", San Francisco Opera program, Nov/Dec 2007, pp. 30/31
^ Jump up to: a b Kendell (2012), p. ??[page needed]
Jump up ^ Budden (2002), pp. 351–368
Jump up ^ Weaver, William (March 1958). "Naples Revives La Rondine". Musical America. 78 (4): 7.
Jump up ^ "Marta Domingo’s Reconceptualization of Rondine Returns to L. A. – June 7, 2008", on operawarhorses.com, 9 June 2008
Jump up ^ "La rondine", San Francisco Opera program, November/December 2007, p. 29
Jump up ^ Recordings of La rondine on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
Jump up ^ "On-line catalogue entry La rondine DVD". EMI Classics. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
Sources
Budden, Julian (2002), Puccini: His Life and Works, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002 ISBN 9780198164685 ISBN 0-393-30089-7
Fisher, Burton D. (2004), "Puccini, Giacomo", Opera Classics Library Puccini Companion: The Glorious Dozen, Boca Raton, FL: Opera Journeys Publishing, 2004 ISBN 0-9673973-5-9
Kendell, Colin (2012), The Complete Puccini: The Story of the World's Most Popular Operatic Composer, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, 2012. ISBN 9781445604459 ISBN 1-4456-0445-0
Seligman, Vincent (2007), Puccini Among Friends, UK: Read Books, 2007 ISBN 9781406747799
External links[edit]
La rondine: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Ainhoa Arteta performing "Chi il bel sogno di Doretta" on YouTube, Washington National Opera production, 1998
Angela Gheorghiu performing "Chi il bel sogno di Doretta" on YouTube, Lincoln Center concert, December 31, 2005
Ainhoa Arteta and Marcus Haddock perform the alternate ending on YouTube, Washington National, 1998
Libretto (Italian and Spanish)
Reviews and photos of first performance at the Metropolitan Opera in 1928 at Metropolitan Opera Archives
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text:
List of Harry Potter cast members
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Daniel Radcliffe, who portrays the series' title character, Harry Potter, has been the icon of the film series since the release of the first film in 2001.
Several actors of the United Kingdom and Ireland have voiced or portrayed characters appearing in the Harry Potter film series based on the book series by J. K. Rowling. Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson have played Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger in all the films. When they were cast only Radcliffe had previously acted in a film. Complementing them on screen are such actors as Helena Bonham Carter, Jim Broadbent, John Cleese, Robbie Coltrane, Warwick Davis, Ralph Fiennes, Michael Gambon, Brendan Gleeson, Richard Griffiths, Richard Harris, John Hurt, Jason Isaacs, Miriam Margolyes, Helen McCrory, Gary Oldman, Alan Rickman, Fiona Shaw, Maggie Smith, Timothy Spall, Imelda Staunton, David Thewlis, Emma Thompson, and Julie Walters, among others. Thirteen actors have appeared as the same character in all eight films of the series.
Some well-known British actors, who have not appeared in the series, were asked in jest why they had not been cast. When David Yates was directing the fifth film, Bill Nighy (who knew Yates personally) said that he hoped the director would cast him in Harry Potter. "But nobody called", Nighy added.[1] However, in 2009, Yates cast Nighy as Minister of Magic Rufus Scrimgeour in the seventh film. Nighy said, "I am no longer the only English actor not to be in Harry Potter and I am very pleased."[2] Jude Law once quipped, "Nobody's asked me. I was a bit too old for Harry."[3] When a reporter compared Potions professor Horace Slughorn's obsession with famous names to the series' connection to "every notable British actor" in 2009, Jim Broadbent (who plays Slughorn) said, "Well, not every actor gets invited. I know some who are still waiting."[4]
J. K. Rowling gave a speech during the world premiere of the final film in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, on 7 July 2011 in London. Rowling praised the film series' acting talent and announced that there are seven young Harry Potter cast members whom she refers to as "The Big Seven"; they are Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, Tom Felton, Matthew Lewis, Evanna Lynch and Bonnie Wright.[5]
The list below is sorted by film and character since some characters have been portrayed by multiple actors.
Contents
1 Cast
1.1 Main characters
1.2 Hogwarts staff
1.3 Hogwarts students
1.4 Order of the Phoenix members
1.5 Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters
1.6 Ministry of Magic employees
1.7 Muggles
1.8 Foreign wizards and witches
1.9 Hogwarts denizens
1.10 Other citizens of the wizarding world
1.11 Creatures
1.12 Epilogue characters
2 Notes
3 References
4 External links
Cast
List indicator(s)
A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film.
A V indicates a voice-only role.
A Y indicates an appearance as a younger version of a pre-existing character.
A A indicates an appearance via archival recordings only.
Character
Film
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of
the Phoenix
The Half-Blood
Prince
The Deathly Hallows
Pt. 1
The Deathly Hallows
Pt. 2
2001[6] 2002[7] 2004[8] 2005[9] 2007[10] 2009[11] 2010[12] 2011[13]
Main characters
Harry Potter
Daniel Radcliffe
Saunders TripletsY [A] Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Radcliffe
Toby PapworthY
Ron Weasley
Rupert Grint
Hermione Granger
Emma Watson
Hogwarts staff
Charity Burbage
Carolyn Pickles
Armando Dippet
Alfred BurkeY
Albus Dumbledore[B]
Richard Harris Michael Gambon Michael Gambon
Toby RegboY Michael Gambon
Argus Filch
David Bradley David Bradley
Filius Flitwick[C]
Warwick Davis Warwick Davis
Wilhelmina Grubbly-Plank
Apple Brook
Rubeus Hagrid
Robbie Coltrane Robbie Coltrane
Martin BayfieldY Robbie Coltrane
Rolanda Hooch
Zoë Wanamaker
Gilderoy Lockhart
Kenneth Branagh
Minerva McGonagall
Maggie Smith Maggie Smith
Irma Pince
Sally Mortemore
Poppy Pomfrey
Gemma Jones Gemma Jones Gemma Jones
Quirinus Quirrell
Ian Hart Ian HartA
Horace Slughorn
Jim Broadbent Jim Broadbent
Severus Snape
Alan Rickman Alan Rickman
Alec HopkinsY Alan Rickman Alan Rickman
Benedict ClarkeY
Pomona Sprout
Miriam Margolyes Miriam Margolyes
Sybill Trelawney
Emma Thompson Emma Thompson Emma Thompson
Hogwarts students
Hannah Abbott
Charlotte Skeoch Charlotte Skeoch
Marcus Belby
Robert Knox[D]
Katie Bell
Emily Dale Georgina Leonidas
Miles Bletchley
David Churchyard
Susan Bones
Eleanor Columbus
Lavender Brown
Kathleen Cauley Jennifer Smith Jessie Cave
Millicent Bulstrode
Helen Stuart
Cho Chang
Katie Leung
Penelope Clearwater
Gemma Padley
Vincent Crabbe[E]
Jamie Waylett
Colin Creevey
Hugh Mitchell
Roger Davies
Henry Lloyd-Hughes
Cedric Diggory
Joe Livermore Robert Pattinson Robert PattinsonA
Justin Finch-Fletchley
Edward Randell
Marcus Flint
Jamie Yeates
Seamus Finnigan
Devon Murray
Gregory Goyle
Joshua Herdman
Terence Higgs
Will Theakston
Angelina Johnson
Danielle Tabor Tiana Benjamin
Leanne
Isabella Laughland
Lee Jordan
Luke Youngblood
Neville Longbottom
Matthew Lewis
Luna Lovegood
Evanna Lynch
Ernie Macmillan
Louis Doyle Louis Doyle
Draco Malfoy
Tom Felton
Cormac McLaggen
Freddie Stroma
Pansy Parkinson
Genevieve Gaunt Scarlett Byrne
Padma Patil
Afshan Azad
Parvati Patil
Sitara Shah Shefali Chowdhury
Adrian Pucey
Scot Fearn
Zacharias Smith
Nick Shirm
Alicia Spinnet
Leilah Sutherland Rochelle Douglas
Dean Thomas
Alfred Enoch Alfred Enoch
Romilda Vane
Anna Shaffer
Fred Weasley
James Phelps
George Weasley
Oliver Phelps
Ginny Weasley
Bonnie Wright
Nigel Wolpert
William Melling
Oliver Wood
Sean Biggerstaff Sean Biggerstaff[14]
Blaise Zabini
Louis Cordice
Order of the Phoenix members
Sirius Black
Gary Oldman Gary Oldman
James WaltersY Gary Oldman
Rohan GotobedY
Dedalus Diggle
David Brett
Elphias Doge
Peter Cartwright David Ryall
Aberforth Dumbledore
Jim McManus Ciarán Hinds
Arabella Figg
Kathryn Hunter
Mundungus Fletcher
Andy Linden
Alice Longbottom
Lisa Wood
Frank Longbottom
James Payton
Remus Lupin
David Thewlis David Thewlis
James UtechinY David Thewlis
Alastor Moody
Brendan Gleeson Brendan Gleeson
James Potter
Adrian Rawlins Adrian RawlinsA Adrian Rawlins Adrian RawlinsA
Robbie JarvisY Adrian Rawlins Adrian Rawlins
Alfie McIlwainY
Lily Potter
Geraldine Somerville Geraldine SomervilleA Geraldine Somerville Geraldine SomervilleA
Susie ShinnerY [F] Geraldine Somerville Geraldine Somerville
Ellie Darcey-AldenY
Kingsley Shacklebolt
George Harris George Harris
Nymphadora Tonks
Natalia Tena
Emmeline Vance
Brigitte Millar
Arthur Weasley
Mark Williams
Bill Weasley
Richard Fish Domhnall Gleeson
Charlie Weasley
Alex Crockford
Molly Weasley
Julie Walters Julie Walters
Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters
Lord Voldemort
Richard Bremmer
Ian HartV Christian CoulsonY Ralph Fiennes Hero Fiennes-TiffinY; 11
Frank DillaneY; 15
Ralph FiennesA Ralph Fiennes Ralph Fiennes
Richard BremmerA
Christian CoulsonA
Regulus Black
Tom Moorcroft
Alecto Carrow
Suzie Toase
Amycus Carrow
Ralph Ineson
Barty Crouch Jr.
David Tennant
Antonin Dolohov
Arben Bajraktaraj Arben Bajraktaraj
Fenrir Greyback
Dave Legeno
Bellatrix Lestrange
Helena Bonham Carter
Walden Macnair
Peter Best Peter Best
Lucius Malfoy
Jason Isaacs Jason Isaacs Jason IsaacsA
Tony CoburnY [G] Jason Isaacs
Peter Pettigrew
Timothy Spall Timothy SpallY
Charles HughesY Timothy Spall Timothy SpallA
Thorfinn Rowle
Rod Hunt
Scabior
Nick Moran
Travers
Tav MacDougall
Yaxley
Peter Mullan
Ministry of Magic employees
Amelia Bones
Sian Thomas Sian ThomasA Sian Thomas
Mary Cattermole
Kate Fleetwood
Reg Cattermole
Steffan Rhodri
Barty Crouch Sr.
Roger Lloyd-Pack
John Dawlish
Richard Leaf
Amos Diggory
Jeff Rawle
Cornelius Fudge
Robert Hardy
Mafalda Hopkirk
Jessica HynesV Sophie Thompson
Albert Runcorn
David O'Hara
Rufus Scrimgeour
Bill Nighy
Pius Thicknesse
Guy Henry
Dolores Umbridge
Imelda Staunton Imelda Staunton
Percy Weasley
Chris Rankin Chris Rankin Chris Rankin
Muggles
Frank Bryce
Eric Sykes
Mrs. Cole
Amelda Brown
Dudley Dursley
Harry Melling Harry Melling Harry Melling
Marge Dursley
Pam Ferris
Petunia Dursley
Fiona Shaw Fiona Shaw Fiona Shaw Ariella ParadiseY
Vernon Dursley
Richard Griffiths Richard Griffiths Richard Griffiths
Mr. Granger
Tom Knight Ian Kelly
Mrs. Granger
Heather Bleasdale Michelle Fairley
Malcolm
Richard Macklin
Mr. Mason
Jim Norton
Mrs. Mason
Veronica Clifford
Piers Polkiss
Jason Boyd
King's Cross railway station security guard
Harry Taylor
Foreign wizards and witches
Fleur Delacour
Clémence Poésy Clémence Poésy
Gabrielle Delacour
Angelica Mandy (fr) Angelica Mandy
Gregorovitch
Rade Šerbedžija
Gellert Grindelwald
Michael Byrne
Jamie Campbell BowerY
Igor Karkaroff
Predrag Bjelac
Viktor Krum
Stanislav Ianevski Stanislav Ianevski[H]
Olympe Maxime
Frances de la Tour Frances de la Tour
Hogwarts denizens
The Bloody Baron
Terence Bayler
Sir Cadogan
Paul Whitehouse
Everard
Sam Beazley
The Fat Friar
Simon Fisher-Becker
The Fat Lady
Elizabeth Spriggs Dawn French
The Grey Lady
Nina Young Kelly Macdonald
Moaning Myrtle
Shirley Henderson Shirley Henderson
Nearly Headless Nick
John Cleese
Phineas Nigellus Black
John Atterbury
Peeves[I]
Rik Mayall
Sorting Hat
Leslie PhillipsV Leslie PhillipsV
Other citizens of the wizarding world
(including The Daily Prophet, Diagon Alley, Hogsmeade, Hogwarts Express, Knight Bus, and Knockturn Alley)
Bathilda Bagshot
Hazel Douglas
Heathcote Barbary
Jason Buckle
Mr. Borgin
Edward Tudor-Pole
Gideon Crumb
Steven Claydon
Barnabas Cuffe
Roger C. Baily
Ariana Dumbledore
Hebe Beardsall
Kirley Duke
Jonny Greenwood
Food Trolley Lady
Jean Southern Margery Mason
Auntie Muriel
Matyelok Gibbs
Xenophilius Lovegood
Rhys Ifans
Narcissa Malfoy
Helen McCrory
Garrick Ollivander
John Hurt John Hurt
Ernie Prang
Jimmy Gardner
Madam Rosmerta
Julie Christie
Stan Shunpike
Lee Ingleby
Rita Skeeter
Miranda Richardson Miranda Richardson
Orsino Thruston
Phil Selway
Tom the barman
Derek Deadman Jim Tavare
Donaghan Tremlett
Steve Mackey
Myron Wagtail
Jarvis Cocker
Eldred Worple
Paul Ritter
Creatures
Aragog
Julian GloverV
Bane
Jason Piper
Bogrod
Jon Key
Dobby
Toby JonesV Toby JonesV
Firenze
Ray FearonV
Grawp
Tony Maudsley
Griphook
Verne Troyer
Warwick DavisV Warwick Davis
Kreacher
Timothy BatesonV Simon McBurneyV
Magorian
Michael Wildman
Sanguini
Charlie Bennison
Shrunken Head
Lenny HenryV
Epilogue characters
Albus Severus Potter
Arthur Bowen
James Sirius Potter
Will Dunn
Lily Luna Potter
Daphne de Beistegui
Hugo Granger-Weasley
Ryan Turner
Rose Granger-Weasley
Helena Barlow
Astoria Malfoy
Jade Gordon
Scorpius Malfoy
Bertie Gilbert
Notes
A Often, minor child parts—in this case, Harry as an infant—are played by twins or triplets to avoid overworking the children.[15][16] The given names of each of the Saunders triplets are unknown; they were credited in the film as "Saunders triplets".
B Michael Gambon replaced Richard Harris as Albus Dumbledore from Prisoner of Azkaban onwards after Harris's death.[17]
C Warwick Davis played Filius Flitwick in the first two films as an old dwarf-like man with gray hair. In pre-production for the third film, the producers told Davis there was no role for Flitwick, but that they would like to have him play somebody else, at least for a cameo. Davis played a much younger-looking man with black hair and a moustache who directed the choir at the Hogwarts Welcome Feast, and was credited as portraying "Wizard". During pre-production for the fourth film, director Mike Newell told Davis he wanted to keep his look from the last film but make this the new look for Flitwick. Davis now considers the character he has played some relative of Flitwick, though he is still credited as "Filius Flitwick". In the sixth film, Harry specifically calls him Professor Flitwick, as does McGonagall in the seventh, calling him Filius.
D Rob Knox was stabbed to death on 24 May 2008 before Half-Blood Prince was released.[18] The cast and crew of Half-Blood Prince wore white ribbons to the London premiere of the film in tribute to Knox.[19]
E Vincent Crabbe is a recurring, minor character who appears in every book and dies in a pivotal scene in Deathly Hallows. Jamie Waylett portrays the character in the first six films. During production of the seventh film, Waylett pleaded guilty to charges of growing marijuana.[20] Joshua Herdman, who plays Crabbe's best friend Gregory Goyle, said in August 2009 that Waylett would not be reprising his role and Herdman's character would die instead.
F A scene with a young Lily Potter was filmed for Order of the Phoenix but ended up being cut from the theatrical version.
G A few scenes with the young Lucius Malfoy, portrayed by Tony Coburn, were shot for Half Blood Prince but were eventually cut from the film.
H Viktor Krum made an appearance at Bill and Fleur's wedding, but his part was cut from the final film.
I A scene with Peeves was filmed for Philosopher's Stone but ended up being cut from the theatrical version.[21][22]
References
Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Michael (2007-05-25). "Underneath It All, He's Still Bill Nighy". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
Jump up ^ "Bill Nighy to star in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows". Newsround. 2009-07-06. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
Jump up ^ Adler, Shawn (2007-10-04). "Say Jude, Let's Find You A Role In 'Harry Potter'". MTV. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
Jump up ^ Boucher, Geoff (2009-01-11). "Jim Broadbent joins the 'Harry Potter' honor roll". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ J.K. Rowling's Emotional Speech at the Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2
Jump up ^ Chris Columbus (director) (2001-11-04). Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (DVD). Event occurs at 2:24:12.
Jump up ^ Chris Columbus (director) (2002-11-03). Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (DVD). Event occurs at 2:25:56.
Jump up ^ Cuarón, Alfonso (director) (2004-05-31). Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (DVD). Event occurs at 2:10:00.
Jump up ^ Mike Newell (director) (2005-11-18). Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (DVD). Event occurs at 2:23:08.
Jump up ^ Yates, David (director) (2007-07-11). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (DVD). Event occurs at 2:10:52.
Jump up ^ Yates, David (director) (2009-07-15). Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (DVD). Event occurs at 2:23:21.
Jump up ^ Yates, David (director) (2010-11-18). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (DVD). Event occurs at 2:13:44.
Jump up ^ Yates, David (director) (2011-07-13). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (DVD). Event occurs at 2:01:28.
Jump up ^ Dale, Paul (2010-02-28). "Greenberg revealed at The List Surprise Movie at GFF". The List. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
Jump up ^ Waxman, Sharon (1996-06-06). "Infant TV Actors Are Overworked, Critics Charge; Watchdog Group Presses For Tougher Industry Rules". The Washington Post. p. A1.
Jump up ^ Woodman, Tenley (2004-08-27). "It doesn't take genius to know 'Baby' is bad". The Boston Globe. p. E27.
Jump up ^ Jeff Jensen (2005-10-28). "A Look Back". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
Jump up ^ "Potter film actor killed in fight". BBC News. 2008-05-24. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
Jump up ^ "Potter stars drenched at premiere". BBC. 2009-07-08. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Jump up ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2009-07-21). "'Harry Potter' Actor Jamie Waylett Sentenced To Community Service". MTV. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Jump up ^ Brian Linder (2001-04-04). "Potter Gloucester Set Report". IGN. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
Jump up ^ Greg Dean Schmitz. "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001)". Yahoo!. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
External links
Full cast and crew for the Philosopher's Stone at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Chamber of Secrets at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Prisoner of Azkaban at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Goblet of Fire at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Order of the Phoenix at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Half-Blood Prince at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 at IMDb
Full cast and crew for the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 at IMDb
show
v
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The Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling
Novels
The Philosopher's Stone (1997)
The Chamber of Secrets (1998)
The Prisoner of Azkaban (1999)
The Goblet of Fire (2000)
The Order of the Phoenix (2003)
The Half-Blood Prince (2005)
The Deathly Hallows (2007)
Film series
Films
The Philosopher's Stone (2001)
The Chamber of Secrets (2002)
The Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)
The Goblet of Fire (2005)
The Order of the Phoenix (2007)
The Half-Blood Prince (2009)
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010)
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011)
Music
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Related
Cast members
Production of The Deathly Hallows
Characters
Main
Harry Potter
Ron Weasley
Hermione Granger
Lord Voldemort
Albus Dumbledore
Severus Snape
Rubeus Hagrid
Draco Malfoy
Ginny Weasley
Supporting
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Order of the Phoenix
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works
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Quidditch Through the Ages
The Tales of Beedle the Bard
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Pottermore
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Hogwarts: An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide
Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power, Politics and Pesky Poltergeists
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Games
and toys
Quidditch World Cup
Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4
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Lego Creator: Harry Potter
Creator: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Book of Spells
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Wizards Unite
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Orlando
Japan
Hollywood
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Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
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Exhibitions
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Harry Potter: A History of Magic
Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter
Fandom
Harry Potter Alliance
The Leaky Cauldron
MuggleNet
LeakyCon
Wizard rock
Wrockstock
The Methods of Rationality
My Immortal
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Voldemort: Origins of the Heir
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Wizarding World
Feature films
Harry Potter
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
production
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
production
Fantastic Beasts
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
The Crimes of Grindelwald
Stage play
The Cursed Child
Music
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Outside media
Video games
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
Quidditch World Cup
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7
Book of Spells
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Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery
Harry Potter: Wizards Unite
Attractions
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Orlando
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Hollywood
Digital publication
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See also
Harry Potter cast
Music of the Harry Potter films
Harry Potter book series
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them book
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Book
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Harry_Potter_cast_members&oldid=856175479"
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Mezzotint
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Sunshine V, mezzotint by Peter Ilsted
Part of a series on the
History of printing
Woodblock printing
200
Movable type
1040
Printing press
c. 1440
Etching
c. 1515
Mezzotint
1642
Aquatint
1772
Lithography
1796
Chromolithography
1837
Rotary press
1843
Hectograph
1869
Offset printing
1875
Hot metal typesetting
1884
Mimeograph
1886
Photostat and rectigraph
1907
Screen printing
1911
Spirit duplicator
1923
Dot matrix printing
1925
Xerography
1938
Phototypesetting
1949
Inkjet printing
1951
Dye-sublimation
1957
Laser printing
1969
Thermal printing
c. 1972
3D printing
1981
Solid Ink printing
1986
Digital printing
1991
v
t
e
Mezzotint is a printmaking process of the intaglio family, technically a drypoint method.[1] It was the first tonal method to be used, enabling half-tones to be produced without using line- or dot-based techniques like hatching, cross-hatching or stipple. Mezzotint achieves tonality by roughening a metal plate with thousands of little dots made by a metal tool with small teeth, called a "rocker". In printing, the tiny pits in the plate hold the ink when the face of the plate is wiped clean. A high level of quality and richness in the print can be achieved.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Dark to light method
3 Light to dark method
4 Printing
5 Detailed technique
6 Tone
7 Mezzotint engravers
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
The first known mezzotint, by Ludwig von Siegen, 1642
The mezzotint printmaking method was invented by the German amateur artist Ludwig von Siegen (1609–c. 1680). His earliest mezzotint print dates to 1642 and is a portrait of Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg. This was made by working from light to dark. The rocker seems to have been invented by Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a famous cavalry commander in the English Civil War, who was the next to use the process, and took it to England. Sir Peter Lely saw the potential for using it to publicise his portraits, and encouraged a number of Dutch printmakers to come to England. The process was especially widely used in England from the mid-eighteenth century, to reproduce portraits and other paintings. Since the mid-nineteenth century it has been relatively little used. Robert Kipniss and Peter Ilsted are two notable 20th-century exponents of the technique; M. C. Escher also made eight mezzotints.
British mezzotint collecting was a great craze from about 1760 to the Great Crash of 1929, also spreading to America. The main area of collecting was British portraits; hit oil paintings from the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition were routinely, and profitably, reproduced in mezzotint throughout this period, and other mezzotinters reproduced older portraits of historical figures, or if necessary, made them up. The favourite period to collect was roughly from 1750 to 1820, the great period of the British portrait. There were two basic styles of collection: some concentrated on making a complete collection of material within a certain scope, while others aimed at perfect condition and quality (which declines in mezzotints after a relatively small number of impressions are taken from a plate), and in collecting the many "proof states" which artists and printers had obligingly provided for them from early on. Leading collectors included William Eaton, 2nd Baron Cheylesmore and the Irishman John Chaloner Smith.[2]
Dark to light method[edit]
This became the most common method. The whole surface (usually) of a metal, usually copper, plate is roughened evenly, manually with a rocker, or mechanically. If the plate were printed at this point it would show as solid black. The image is then created by selectively burnishing areas of the surface of the metal plate with metal tools; the smoothed parts will print lighter than those areas not smoothed by the burnishing tool. A burnisher has a smooth, round end, which flattens the minutely protruding points comprising the roughened surface of the metal printing plate. Areas smoothed completely flat will not hold ink at all; such areas will print "white," that is, without ink. By varying the degree of smoothing, mid-tones between black and white can be created, hence the name mezzo-tinto which is Italian for "half-tone" or "half-painted". This is called working from "dark to light", or the "subtractive" method.
Light to dark method[edit]
Early mezzotint by Vaillerant, Siegen's assistant or tutor. Young man reading, with statue of Cupid. Probably made using light to dark technique. 27.5 × 21.3 cm
Alternatively, it is possible to create the image directly by only roughening a blank plate selectively, where the darker parts of the image are to be. This is called working from "light to dark", or the "additive" method. The first mezzotints by Ludwig von Siegen were made in this way. Especially in this method, the mezzotint can be combined with other intaglio techniques, such as engraving, on areas of the plate not roughened, or even with the dark to light method.
Printing[edit]
Printing the finished plate is the same for either method, and follows the normal way for an intaglio plate; the whole surface is inked, the ink is then wiped off the surface to leave ink only in the pits of the still rough areas below the original surface of the plate. The plate is put through a high-pressure printing press next to a sheet of paper, and the process repeated.
Because the pits in the plate are not deep, only a small number of top-quality impressions (copies) can be printed before the quality of the tone starts to degrade as the pressure of the press begins to smooth them out. Perhaps[vague] only one or two hundred really good impressions can be taken.[citation needed]
Detailed technique[edit]
Plates can be mechanically roughened; one way is to rub fine metal filings over the surface with a piece of glass; the finer the filings, the smaller the grain of the surface. Special roughening tools called 'rockers' have been in use since at least the eighteenth century. The method commonly in use today is to use a steel rocker approximately five inches wide, which has between 45 and 120 teeth per inch on the face of a blade in the shape of a shallow arc, with a wooden handle projecting upwards in a T-shape. Rocked steadily from side to side at the correct angle, the rocker will proceed forward creating burrs in the surface of the copper. The plate is then moved – either rotated by a set number of degrees or through 90 degrees according to preference – and then rocked in another pass. This is repeated until the plate is roughened evenly and will print a completely solid tone of black.
Tone[edit]
Mezzotint is known for the luxurious quality of its tones: first, because an evenly, finely roughened surface holds a lot of ink, allowing deep solid colors to be printed; secondly because the process of smoothing the plate with burin, burnisher and scraper allows fine gradations in tone to be developed. The scraper is a triangular ended tool, and the burnisher has a smooth round end – not unlike many spoon handles.
Mezzotint engravers[edit]
Ludwig von Siegen – inventor
Prince Rupert of the Rhine
Bernhard Vogel (1683–1737)
Johann Jacob Ridinger (1736–1784), youngest son of Johann Elias Ridinger, who worked in mezzotint himself, too
John Dixon (about 1740–1811)
John Young (1755–1825)
Richard Josey (1840–1906), engraver of James McNeill Whistler's Whistler's Mother
M. C. Escher
Peter Ilsted
John Raphael Smith
Alexander Hay Ritchie
T.F. Simon
Toru Iwaya
John Sartain
G. H. Rothe (1935–2007)
Luke Vehorn
Francisco Souto
Carol Wax
Robert Kipniss
Julie Niskanen
Jorge Mateos
John Martin
Caroline Koenders
Art Werger
Notes[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mezzotints.
Jump up ^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mezzotint
Jump up ^ Griffiths, 134–137 and 141–142
References[edit]
Robinson, Gerald Philip (1911). "Mezzotint". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 351–353. This includes a detailed description of mezzotint history and methods.
Griffiths, Antony (ed), Landmarks in Print Collecting - Connoisseurs and Donors at the British Museum since 1753, p. 138, 1996, British Museum Press, ISBN 0714126098
Carol Wax, The Mezzotint: History and Technique (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990)
External links[edit]
Metropolitan Museum of Art: The Printed image in the West: Mezzotint
mezzotint with Guy Langevin @YouTube
National Portrait Gallery, London: The early history of mezzotint and the prints of Richard Tompson and Alexander Browne
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on mezzotint
Mezzotint and other similar printmaking techniques
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mezzotint&oldid=827971084"
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