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Interstate 81
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Interstate 81
Route information
Length
854.89 mi[1] (1,375.81 km)
Major junctions
South end
I-40 in Dandridge, TN
I-77 near Wytheville, VA
I-64 from Lexington, VA to Staunton, VA
I-66 near Middletown, VA
I-70 at Hagerstown, MD
I-76 / Penna Turnpike at Carlisle, PA
I-78 at Union Township, PA
I-80 near Hazleton, PA
I-84 / I-380 near Scranton, PA
I-90 / New York Thruway in Syracuse, NY
North end
Highway 137 to Highway 401 on Thousand Islands Bridge at Wellesley Island, NY/Hill Island, ON
Location
States
Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York
Highway system
Interstate Highway System
Main
Auxiliary
Suffixed
Business
Future
Interstate 81 (I-81) is a north–south (physically northeast–southwest) Interstate Highway in the eastern part of the United States. Its southern terminus is at I-40 in Dandridge, Tennessee; its northern terminus is on Wellesley Island at the Canadian border, where the Thousand Islands Bridge connects it to Highway 401, the main Ontario freeway connecting Detroit via Toronto to Montreal. The major metropolitan areas that I-81 connects to include Harrisburg in Pennsylvania and Syracuse in New York.
I-81 is the longest odd-numbered (and therefore the longest north–south) Interstate Highway whose number does not end with a 5, and the third-longest Interstate highway whose number does not end with a 0 or 5 after I-94 and I-64. Interstate 81 largely traces the paths created down the length of the Appalachian Mountains by migrating animals, American Indians, and early settlers. It also follows a major corridor for troop movements during the Civil War. These trails and roadways gradually evolved into U.S. Route 11. Interstate 81 parallels much of the older Route 11.[2] Being mostly rural, it is heavily used as a trucking corridor, often as a bypass of the busier Interstate 95 to the east.
The Interstate 81 Corridor Coalition, a six-state coalition, was organized to handle issues along Interstate 81, such as truck traffic and air pollution. The commission meets annually. [3]
Interstate 81 is part of the fastest route between the capital of the United States (Washington, DC) and the capital of Canada (Ottawa).[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Route description
1.1 Tennessee
1.2 Virginia
1.3 West Virginia
1.4 Maryland
1.5 Pennsylvania
1.6 New York
2 History
3 Major intersections
4 Auxiliary routes
5 References
6 External links
Route description[edit]
I-81 is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[6]
Lengths
mi[1]
km
TN 75.66 121.76
VA 324.92 522.91
WV 26.00 41.84
MD 12.08 19.44
PA 232.63 374.38
NY 183.60 295.48
Total 854.89 1,375.81
Tennessee[edit]
Main article: Interstate 81 in Tennessee
I-81 begins in Tennessee at I-40 in Dandridge, a route that connects to Knoxville to the west and Asheville to the east. I-81 meets Interstate 26 and U.S. Route 23 which go to Kingsport and Johnson City. At mile marker 75, I-81 leaves Tennessee and enters Virginia.
Virginia[edit]
I-81 looking southbound near milepost 245 in Harrisonburg, Virginia
Main article: Interstate 81 in Virginia
I-81 in Virginia is largely a rural route with brief concurrencies with I-77 and I-64. The route parallels the Appalachian Mountains for much of its route through Tennessee and Virginia, serving such cities as the twin cities of Bristol, Tennessee, and Bristol, Virginia, Roanoke, Christiansburg, Lexington, Staunton, Harrisonburg, Wytheville, and Winchester. In Harrisonburg, I-81 cuts through James Madison University. It parallels its older counterpart, U.S. Route 11, for its entire length in Virginia.
West Virginia[edit]
Southbound on I-81 approaching US 11
Main article: Interstate 81 in West Virginia
I-81 briefly enters the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia for about 26 miles (42 km), serving the city of Martinsburg. The entire routing is in Berkeley County and serves the Eastern WV Regional Airport. The West Virginia segment was completed in 1966 and there have been no realignments since. West Virginia is currently widening I-81 to six lanes from Martinsburg north to exit 23 (US 11) connecting West Virginia and Maryland.
Maryland[edit]
I-81 northbound at Maugans Avenue interchange
Main article: Interstate 81 in Maryland
I-81 runs from Dandridge, Tennessee to Fishers Landing, New York. In Maryland, the Interstate highway runs 12.08 miles (19.44 km) from the West Virginia state line at the Potomac River in Williamsport north to the Pennsylvania state line near Maugansville. I-81 is the primary north–south Interstate highway in Washington County, connecting Hagerstown with Chambersburg and Harrisburg to the north and Martinsburg, Winchester, and Roanoke to the south.[7] It is the shortest mainline Interstate in Maryland and contains the shortest portion of I-81 of all six states through which the Interstate highway passes. The Interstate was dedicated as Maryland Veterans Memorial Highway in 1987.[8] I-81 passes through the state of Maryland at one of its narrowest points, the "Hub City" of Hagerstown where it intersects with a large number of other routes, most notably I-70. The Hagerstown Regional Airport is served by this Interstate Highway.[7]
Pennsylvania[edit]
I-81 northbound at western terminus of I-78
Main article: Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania
I-81 forms a major north–south corridor through the state of Pennsylvania, serving the boroughs of Chambersburg and Carlisle, where it meets the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76) but does not directly interchange with it (motorists must use US 11 to connect). Around the state capital of Harrisburg, the route forms the northeastern section of Pennsylvania's Capital Beltway. The route then travels northeast toward the Wyoming Valley, where it serves the cities of Wilkes-Barre and Scranton, then heads north through the Endless Mountains region toward the state line.
New York[edit]
I-81 at I-690 in downtown Syracuse
Main article: Interstate 81 in New York
I-81 runs from Interstate 40 at Dandridge, Tennessee, to the Thousand Islands International Bridge at Wellesley Island in New York, beyond which a short stub links it to Ontario Highway 401. In the U.S. state of New York, I-81 extends 183.62 miles (295.51 km) from the Pennsylvania state line southeast of Binghamton to the Canadian border at Wellesley Island northwest of Alexandria Bay. The freeway runs north–south through Central New York, serving the cities of Binghamton, Syracuse, and Watertown. It passes through the Thousand Islands in its final miles and crosses two bridges, both part of the series of bridges known as the Thousand Islands Bridge. South of Watertown, I-81 closely parallels U.S. Route 11 (US 11), the main north–south highway in Central New York prior to the construction of I-81. At Watertown, US 11 turns northeastward to head across New York's North Country while I-81 continues on a generally northward track to the Canadian border. From there, the road continues into the province of Ontario as Highway 137, a short route leading north to the nearby Highway 401.[9]
History[edit]
I-81 roughly parallels the Great Indian Warpath, an old Indian trail which connected New York to the Carolina Piedmont via Virginia and West Virginia.[10] A series of roads linking Virginia to Maryland through Martinsburg were present on maps as early as 1873.[11] New York was originally served by NY 2, a road built in 1924;[12] NY 2 was replaced by U.S. Route 11 in 1927. A highway that largely followed the path of US 11 was built, and became known as the Penn-Can Highway.[13] On August 14, 1957 the highway was redesigned as I-81.[14] In New York, the first segments of I-81 were begun in 1954.[15] In Maryland, the Interstate was begun with the Hagerstown Bypass in the mid 1950s.[16] After several bouts of expansion, the freeway was completed from US 40 (now MD 144) to the Pennsylvania state line in 1958,[17] and marked as I-81 in 1959.[18] Bidding on contracts in West Virginia opened in July 1958.[19] In Virginia, the first Interstate hearing was held in February 1957. At the end of 1957, construction began on a one-mile (1.6 km) stretch near Buchanan, Virginia. A four-mile (6.4 km) section of the Interstate opened in 1959. A stretch in Harrisonburg was opened as well. By late 1963, 85 miles (137 km) in Virginia were open.[20]
The first statewide segment to be completed was that of West Virginia, which was finished in 1966. The section opened on October 19, 1966.[21] In southern Maryland, various parts of I-81 were built in the early 1960s, and the remainder of the highway south to the Potomac River was under construction by 1965,[22] and opened in 1966.[8] Since then, I-81 in Maryland has remained largely unchanged. In Tennessee, by 1965, 336 of the 997 miles (546 of the 1,616 km) of Interstate highways were completed. Construction was expected to be finished in 1969,[23] but a large portion of the work would not be completed until 1974, and most of the road was open by December 1974.[24] The final major segment of the Interstate in the North built was a 17-mile (27 km) section in New York, opened in October 1968.[25] That same year, work in Pennsylvania was completed.[26] The road would not be completely built in Tennessee until August 1975.[27] Construction on parts in Virginia would drag on it was finished on in July 1987.[20] The segment in New York cost $270 million to build.[15]
Major intersections[edit]
Tennessee
I‑40 near Dandridge, northeast of Knoxville
I‑26 between the Tri-Cities
Virginia
I‑581 in Roanoke
I‑77 in Wytheville; they stay joined for about 10 miles (16 km).
I‑64 in Lexington; they stay joined through Staunton.
US 33 in Harrisonburg
I‑66 in Middletown
Maryland
I‑70 in Hagerstown
Pennsylvania
I‑76 / US 11 in Middlesex Township (near Carlisle)
PA 581 in Enola
US 22 / US 322 in Harrisburg. I-81/US 322 stays joined throughout Harrisburg.
I‑83 / US 322 in Harrisburg
I‑78 near Jonestown
I‑80 near Hazleton
I‑476 in Dupont (near Pittston)
I‑84 / I‑380 / US 6 in Dunmore (near Scranton)
I‑476 / US 6 / US 11 in Clarks Summit
New York
Future I‑86 in Binghamton
I‑88 in Binghamton
I‑690 in downtown Syracuse
I‑90 in North Syracuse
Highway 137 to Highway 401; freeway ends at Canada–US border (Thousand Islands Bridge)
Auxiliary routes[edit]
Interstate 81 has six related, auxiliary Interstate highways that that connect the main freeway to downtowns and other cities. I-381 runs 1.5 miles (2.4 km), connecting Bristol, Virginia to I-81.[28] I-581 is a 6.35 mile long spur that connects Roanoke, Virginia to I-81. It is proposed to be overtaken by Interstate 73.[29] PA 581 connects Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Interstate 81. It runs 7.36 miles (11.84 km). I-481 serves as an eastern bypass of Syracuse, New York.[30] I-781 extends for 4.9 miles (7.9 km), that connects Fort Drum, New York, to the Interstate.[31] NY 281 is a north–south state highway in central New York in the United States that extends for 16.56 miles (26.65 km) across Cortland and Onondaga counties, roughly paralleling I-81, and connecting at both ends.[32]
I-181 was a 23.85-mile (38.38 km) offshoot of I-81, linking to Kingsport, Tennessee. It was decommissioned in August 2005 when I-26 took over I-181's entire length.[33] I-281 was replaced in January 1970 by I-481. I-81E was replaced by the current I-380.[34]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Adderly, Kevin (January 27, 2016). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2015". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Perrier, Dianne (2010). Interstate 81: The Great Warriors Trace. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813034812. OCLC 502304332. [page needed]
Jump up ^ "Corridor Coalition". I-81coalition.org. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "I-81 Safety Conference". Harrisburg, PA: WHP-TV. Retrieved October 4, 2014. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ I-81 Corridor group[dead link]
Jump up ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Highway Information Services Division (December 31, 2013). Highway Location Reference. Maryland State Highway Administration. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Washington County (PDF) pp. 13–19
^ Jump up to: a b "Previous Interstate Facts of the Day". Eisenhower Interstate Highway System Home Page. See June 8, 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Google (April 16, 2012). "Overview Map of I-81 in New York" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rice, Otis K.; Brown, Stephen W. (1993). West Virginia: A History. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8131-1854-3. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ White, M. Wood (1873). "Counties of Morgan, Berkeley, Jefferson" (Map). White's Topographical, County & District Atlas of West Virginia. 1:310,000. M.W. White. p. 22. OCLC 62726043. Retrieved February 2, 2018 – via David Rumsey Map Collection.
Jump up ^ "New York's Main Highways Designated by Numbers". The New York Times. December 21, 1924. p. XX9.
Jump up ^ "Penn-Can Road Vital to Broome, Majority at Hearing Says" (PDF). The Binghamton Press. January 9, 1957. p. 3. Retrieved February 3, 2018 – via Fulton County Historical Society.
Jump up ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (August 14, 1957). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials – via Wikimedia Commons.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interstate 81: The History". New York State Department of Transportation. Missing or empty |url= (help)[full citation needed]
Jump up ^ Bonnell, Robert O.; Bennett, Edgar T.; McMullen, John J. (December 15, 1958). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1957–1958 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p. 82.
Jump up ^ Maryland State Roads Commission (1958). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. [full citation needed]
Jump up ^ Maryland State Roads Commission (1959). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. [full citation needed]
Jump up ^ "Bids Opened on Parts of Interstate 81". Charleston Daily Mail. July 29, 1958. [page needed]
^ Jump up to: a b "I-81 History". Virginia Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Interstate Hwy 81 Opens Soon". Morgantown Dominion News. October 6, 1966. [page needed]
Jump up ^ Federal Highway Administration (2012). "NBI Structure Number: 100000210078011". National Bridge Inventory. Federal Highway Administration.
Jump up ^ "Where Do We Stand On The Interstate?". Kingsport Times-News. May 2, 1965. [page needed]
Jump up ^ "East Tennessee's Christmas Present". Kingsport Times. December 10, 1974. [page needed]
Jump up ^ "Final Links of Interstate 81 to Be Opened with Friday Rites". Syracuse Post Standard. October 14, 1968. [page needed]
Jump up ^ "Interstate Highway Construction". Somerset Daily News. October 22, 1968. [page needed]
Jump up ^ "Interstate 81 Four-Lane Opens". Kingsport News. August 28, 1975. [page needed]
Jump up ^ Virginia Department of Transportation. "Virginia Interstate Exits". Virginia Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Virginia Department of Transportation (2013). "2012 Virginia Department of Transportation Daily Traffic Volume Estimates Including Vehicle Classification Estimates" (PDF). Virginia Department of Transportation.
Jump up ^ State of New York Department of Transportation (January 1, 1970). Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State (PDF) (Map). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 3, 2018. [full citation needed]
Jump up ^ "Fort Drum connector road officially open". Syracuse, NY: YNN Central New York. December 6, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Highway Data Services Bureau. "2014 Traffic Volume Report for New York State" (PDF). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Allen, Calvin (July 16, 2003). "The Political History of I-26". Mountain Xpress. Asheville, NC. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (June 27, 1958). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as Adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. Retrieved February 7, 2018 – via Wikimedia Commons.
External links[edit]
Route map: Google
KML file (edit • help)
Display on Google Maps
Template:Attached KML/Interstate 81
KML is from Wikidata
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interstate 81.
Geographic data related to Interstate 81 at OpenStreetMap
Thousand Islands Bridge System, showing the bridges and connections at the northern terminus
Economic Development History of Interstate 81 in Virginia, a Federal Highway Administration report.
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Themes of The Lord of the Rings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Since the publications of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit and The Silmarillion, a wealth of secondary literature has been published discussing the literary themes and archetypes present in the stories. Tolkien also wrote about the themes of his books in letters to friends, family and fans, and often within the books themselves. In his Foreword to the Second Edition of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien said that he "disliked allegory in all its forms" (using the word applicability instead), and told those claiming the story was a metaphor for World War II to remember that he had lost "all but one" of his close friends in World War I.
Contents
1 Antitheses
2 Death and immortality
3 The corruption of power and addiction
4 Technophobia
5 Courage
6 Loss and farewell
7 Fate and free will
8 Christ figures
9 References
10 Further reading
Antitheses[edit]
"No careful reader of Tolkien's fiction can fail to be aware of the polarities that give it form and fiction,"[1] writes Verlyn Flieger. Tolkien's extensive use of duality and parallelism, contrast and opposition is found throughout the novel, in hope and despair, knowledge and enlightenment, death and immortality, fate and free will. One famous example is the often criticized polarity between Good and Evil in Tolkien. Orcs, the most maligned of races, are a corruption of the mystically exalted race of the Elves. Minas Morgul, the Tower of Sorcery, home of the Lord of the Nazgûl, the most corrupted King of Men, directly opposes Minas Tirith, the Tower of Guard and the capital of Gondor, the last visible remnant of the ancient kingdom of Men in the Third Age. These antitheses, though pronounced and prolific, are sometimes seen to be too polarizing, but they have also been argued to be at the heart of the structure of the entire story. Tolkien's technique has been seen to "confer literality on what would in the primary world be called metaphor and then to illustrate [in his secondary world] the process by which the literal becomes metaphoric."[1]
Still, while certainly revelling in antithetic themes and symbols, other readings point to Tolkien's tendency to aggrandise characters that fall outside of the more obvious, dualistic archetypes – particularly those commonly found in fantasy works. Writing in The Christian World of the Hobbit, for example, author Davin Brown cites Tolkien's belief in "the ennoblement of the ignoble", and goes on to link the importance of Tolkien's more unseeming characters with Jesus's words on "the meek" in the Sermon on the Mount.[2] This is particularly clear in Tolkien's treatment of the rural Shire and its race of simple, complacent hobbits, who ultimately go on to defeat an evil whose more obvious counterparts were great wizards, kings, and the aforementioned kingdoms of good.
Likewise, though Tolkien's magic, immortal elves seem to act as an idealized version of a comparatively lowly humankind, their inability to accept change causes a "deep nostalgia for [an] edenic past", which in turn becomes their "great folly".[3]
Death and immortality[edit]
Tolkien wrote about The Lord of the Rings and death in his Letters:[4]
"But I should say, if asked, the tale is not really about Power and Dominion: that only sets the wheels going; it is about Death and the desire for deathlessness. Which is hardly more than to say it is a tale written by a Man!" (Letter 203, 1957)
"It is mainly concerned with Death, and Immortality; and the 'escapes': serial longevity, and hoarding memory." (Letter 211, 1958)[5]
Throughout The Silmarillion, death is referred to as the "gift (and doom) of Man," given by Ilúvatar (God), while immortality is the gift given to the Elves. The Elves never die of old age and are resistant to disease, though they can be slain in battle or die by similar means; however, even when their bodies perish, their spirits travel to the Halls of Mandos in Aman, and eventually can be "reincarnated" into life. They are thus bound to the world, and can grow weary of it as they wane in prominence, watching the decline of their lands. In contrast, Tolkien leaves the fate of Men uncertain. This leads to some form of fear for Men, who do not understand what truly happens at death and fear it as a result.
Across all of Tolkien's works, the desire to escape death is shown to lead to evil. The people of Númenor, though blessed with life longer than that of most humans, envy the immortals, and are persuaded in The Silmarillion to engage in Sauron's cult of human sacrifice. They later attempt to conquer the hallowed, "Undying Lands" of Aman from the Valar, leading to their destruction. Sauron's Rings of Power also promise immortality to Men, yet in the process turns them into Ringwraiths, undying but not truly living either.
The corruption of power and addiction[edit]
The Lord of the Rings centres around the corrupting influence of the One Ring. This theme is discussed at length by Tom Shippey in chapter III of J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. In this chapter, titled, "The Lord of the Rings (2): Concepts of Evil" (pp 112–160), Shippey notes that what lies at the heart of the story is the assertions made by Gandalf about the power and influence of the One Ring, and the corrupting influence it has on its bearers. Gandalf rejects the Ring after Frodo offers it to him, and this view of the nature of the Ring is reinforced as Elrond, Galadriel, Aragorn and Faramir in their turn, also reject the Ring, supposedly fearing the fact that it will ultimately create wicked desires within them. Inversely, the hobbits' complacency and lack of ambition appears to make them less susceptible to the Ring's promises of power, as is seen in Frodo and Sam, both of whom are able to handle the Ring for extended periods of time. It is of note that hobbits are not totally immune to the Ring's effects, however, as is seen most clearly in Frodo, Bilbo and, arguably, Gollum.
This is, according to Shippey, a very modern, 20th-century theme, since in earlier, medieval times, power was considered to "reveal character", not alter it. Shippey mentions Lord Acton's famous statement in 1887, that "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men..." He then goes on to point out authors that were dealing in the same themes of power and corruption at around the same time as Tolkien wrote his work. These authors include George Orwell with Animal Farm (1945), William Golding with Lord of the Flies (1954), and T. H. White with The Once and Future King (1958).[6]
Shippey's critics have argued that the theme of power's ability to alter one's character is not limited to the 20th century, pointing to the use of the "ring" as a symbol of power in much older works such as those of Plato in the 4th century BCE. In The Republic, Glaucon argues that doing justice to others is never to one's benefit; he cites the mythical Ring of Gyges, a ring which could make any man who wore it invisible and thus able to get away with any theft or other crime. Glaucon claims that such power would corrupt any man, and that therefore no man truly believes that acting justly toward others is good for him.[7]
Critics of Tolkien's use of this theme include Colin Manlove, who addresses the theme in his book Modern Fantasy (1975). Manlove points out that Tolkien is not consistent in his attitude towards power, for there are exceptions to the supposedly overwhelming influence of the Ring. The Ring can be handed over relatively easily (Sam and Bilbo), and removing the Ring by force (Gollum to Frodo) does not, despite Gandalf's assertion at the beginning of the story, break Frodo's mind. The Ring also appears to have little effect on characters such as Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. Analyses have also characterised the Ring as addictive, with each use progressively increasing the hold the Ring has over its bearer.[8] Bilbo, while possessing the Ring for some time, is able to give it away willingly, though with considerable difficulty. Later, when he encounters the Ring in Rivendell, he experiences longing to hold it again and nearly attacks his nephew. Frodo also shows features of addiction, ultimately being unable to relinquish the Ring of his own accord.
The possessiveness of the two hobbits is relatively mild compared to others in the epic.[9] Boromir, for example, becomes murderously obsessed with the Ring, though he never possesses it. In the same vein, Sméagol kills his kin Déagol, the first Ring bearer after Isildur.[10] Sméagol's addictive features become more pronounced as, over five centuries, he devolves into Gollum, showing traits ranging from withdrawal and isolation to suspicion and anger towards others, with his obsession eventually leading to his own demise.[11]
Technophobia[edit]
Tolkien's criticism of technology has been observed by several authors. Anne Pienciak notes that technology is only employed by the forces of evil in Tolkien's works, and that he found it to be one of "the evils of the modern world: ugliness, depersonalization, and the separation of man from nature."[12] Examples of this technophobia have been identified, for instance, in many aspects of the Saruman character. The chapter "The Scouring of the Shire" sees the industrial technology imported by Saruman's minions as an evil threat to replace the traditional crafts of the Shire hobbits, and was removed after his death.[13] It is also of note that the Ents - "Shepherds of the Trees" - are instrumental in Saruman's downfall.
Courage[edit]
Courage in the face of overwhelming odds is a recurring theme in Tolkien's literature. As he wrote in The Monsters and the Critics, Tolkien was inspired by the apocalyptical Norse legend of Ragnarök, where the gods know that they are doomed in their final battle for the world, but they and their allies go to fight anyway. This "northern courage" as he called it is seen in the fate of Frodo and Samwise, for example, who have little prospect of returning home from their mission to Mount Doom.[14]
Another kind of courage was defined by Tolkien in the difference between humility and the arrogant desire for glory. While Sam follows Frodo out of loyalty and would die for him, characters like Boromir are driven by pride and would risk the lives of others for their personal glory. Likewise the rejecting of the ring by Sam, Faramir, and Galadriel can be seen as a courageous rejection of power and glory and of the personal renown that defeating Sauron would have brought about.[15] Tolkien has commented on this theme in an essay on The Battle of Maldon.
Loss and farewell[edit]
From the beginning of Tolkien's mythos, there has been a consistent theme of great beauty and joy failing and disappearing before the passage of time and the onslaught of the powers of evil. Fëanor, prince of the Noldor, first loses his father and then his greatest creations, the Silmarils, through the machinations of the evil Morgoth. By his fault Elven blood is for the first time spilled on the ground of Eldamar, and the Noldor give away both their home and their innocence. Mandos proclaims judgement over the Noldor and reveals to them that none of them shall find peace or rest until their oath has been fulfilled or their souls come to the House of Spirits.
In one of the appendices to The Return of the King, after more than two hundred years of life Aragorn dies in his deathbed, leaving behind a lonely and now-mortal Arwen, who travels to what is left of Lothlórien to herself die on a flat stone next to the river Nimrodel, having returned to one of the few places of true happiness she knew in her life.
This theme is seen in the weight of the past borne in the language of the whole novel[16] and in specific portions, such as Gilraen's linnod[17] and the Lament of the Rohirrim.[18]
Fate and free will[edit]
Gandalf in one scene discusses the possibility that Bilbo was meant to find the Ring, and that Gollum has an important part to play, the clearest testament to the role of fate in The Lord of the Rings. Beyond Gandalf's words, the story is structured in such a way that past decisions have a critical influence on current events. For instance, because Bilbo and Frodo spared Gollum, Gollum was able to destroy the Ring by falling into the Crack of Doom while Frodo failed to destroy it. Thus Frodo, who is overpowered by the evil Ring, is saved by coincidence.[19]
The role of fate in The Lord of the Rings is contrasted sharply with the prominent role also given to choice and free will. Frodo's voluntary choice to bear the Ring to Mordor is seen to be an act central to the plot of the whole story. Also important is Frodo's willing offer of the Ring to Gandalf, Aragorn, and Galadriel, and their willing refusal of it, not to mention Frodo's final inability to summon the will to destroy it. Thus, free will as well as fate is seen to be a constant theme throughout the story: from Sam's vision of old Gaffer Gamgee's wheelbarrow and the Scouring of the Shire in the Mirror of Galadriel, to Arwen Evenstar's choice of mortality.[20]
Professor Peter J. Kreeft identifies a theme of divine providence, that divine influence can determine fate.[21] Gandalf says, for example, that a hidden power was at work when Bilbo found the One Ring as it was attempting to return to its master.
Christ figures[edit]
While Prof. Kreeft observes that there is no one complete, concrete, visible Christ figure in The Lord of the Rings (such as Aslan in the Chronicles of Narnia series), he and author Jean Chausse have identified reflections of the figure of Jesus Christ in three main characters of The Lord of the Rings: Gandalf, Frodo and Aragorn. While Chausse found "facets of the personality of Jesus" in them, Kreeft wrote that "they exemplify the Old Testament threefold Messianic symbolism of prophet (Gandalf), priest (Frodo), and king (Aragorn)."[21][22]
Mark Stucky sees this character as a symbol of the resurrection of Christ. "Moria", where Gandalf fell, is reminiscent of "Moriah", and Christian tradition holds that Mount Moriah, where Isaac was to be sacrificed to God, was the same hill as Mount Calvary, where Christ was crucified – and that the sacrifice of Isaac foreshadowed that of Christ. The fall of Gandalf, who fell to save his companions, thus parallels the crucifixion of Christ to save the human race.[23] One of the most obvious Christian themes in Tolkien's writings is the resurrection of Gandalf, who had to sacrifice everything—even his years of plans, efforts, and his very hopes that the Dark Lord might be defeated—in order to secure the safety of the Fellowship.[24]
Like Jesus who carried his cross for the sins of mankind, Frodo carried a burden of evil on behalf of the whole world.[25] Frodo walks his "Via Dolorosa" to Mount Doom just like Jesus who made his way to Golgotha.[26] As Frodo approaches the Cracks of Doom the Ring becomes a crushing weight as the cross was for Jesus. Samwise Gamgee, Frodo's friend, parallels Simon of Cyrene, who carries Frodo up to Mount Doom - The same way Simon aids Jesus by picking up his cross to Golgotha.[27] When Frodo accomplishes his mission, like Christ, he says "it is done".[28] As Christ ascends to heaven, Frodo’s life in Middle-earth comes to an end when he departs to the Undying Lands.[25]
The motif of hope is illustrated in Aragorn's successful handling of Saruman's palantír. Only Aragorn, as the heir of Isildur, can rightfully use the seeing stone, while Saruman and Denethor, who have both also made extensive use of a palantír, have fallen into despair or presumption. These latter traits have been identified as the two distinct sins "against the virtue of Hope".[29] Aragorn is given the very name of "Hope" (Sindarin "Estel"), by which he is still affectionately called by his queen, who at the hour of his death cries out "Estel, Estel!".
Another Christian theme found in Tolkien's works of fantasy is the redemptive and penitential nature of suffering, apparent in the dreadful ordeal of Sam and Frodo in Mordor. As another example, Boromir atones for his assault on Frodo by single-handedly but vainly defending Merry and Pippin from orcs,[24] which illustrates also another significant Christian theme: immortality of the soul and the importance of good intention, especially at the point of death. This is clear from Gandalf's statement: "But he [Boromir] escaped in the end.... It was not in vain that the young hobbits came with us, if only for Boromir's sake."[30] The young hobbits thus prove useful (and their ordeal at the Orcs' hands worth enduring) since thereby one man who had given in to temptation can return to the good path and give his life, however ineffectively, for a good cause.
References[edit]
Middle-earth portal
Works cited
^ Jump up to: a b Flieger, Verlyn (2002). Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World (2nd ed.). Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-87338-744-6.
Jump up ^ Brown, Devin (2012). The Christian World of The Hobbit. Abingdon Press. pp. 160 – 161. ISBN 142674949X.
Jump up ^ Nicolay, Theresa Freda (2014). Tolkien and the Modernists: Literary Responses to the Dark New Days of the 20th Century. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7864-7898-9.
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981), The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-31555-7
Jump up ^ Alton, David. "The Fellowship Of The Ring: J.R.R.Tolkien, Catholicism And The Use Of Allegory", February 2003
Jump up ^ Shippey, Tom (2002). J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. Mariner Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-0618257591.
Jump up ^ Plato; Jowett, Benjamin (2009) [360 B.C.]. The Republic. The Internet Classics Archive.
Jump up ^ Yell, D. M. (2007). The Drama of Man. Xulon Press. p. 108. ISBN 9781602667686.
Jump up ^ Sommer, Mark (7 July 2004). "Addicted to the Ring". Hollywoodjesus.com – Pop Culture From A Spiritual Point of View. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Adam (2006). "The One Ring". In Eaglestone, Robert. Reading The Lord of the Rings: New Writings on Tolkien's Classic. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 63. ISBN 9780826484604.
Jump up ^ Bell, Anita Miller (2009). 'The Lord of the Rings' and the Emerging Generation: A Study of the Message and Medium. J. R. R. Tolkien and Peter Jackson. ProQuest. p. 56. ISBN 9781109246766.
Jump up ^ Pienciak, Anne (1986). J.R.R. Tolkien's Hobbit and Lord of the Rings. Barron's Educational Series. p. 37. ISBN 0-8120-3523-2.
Jump up ^ Schwarz, Guido (2003). Jungfrauen im Nachthemd - Blonde Krieger aus dem Westen. Eine motivpsychologisch-kritische Analyse von J.R.R. Tolkiens Mythologie und Weltbild (in German). Königshausen & Neumann. p. 67. ISBN 3-8260-2619-5.
Jump up ^ Solopova, p. 28
Jump up ^ Solopova, p. 42
Jump up ^ Hannon, Patrice. "The Lord of the Rings as Elegy". Mythlore. 24: 36–42.
Jump up ^ Straubhaar, Sandra Ballif (2005). "Gilraen's Linnod: Function, Genre, Prototypes". Tolkien Studies. 2: 235–244. doi:10.1353/tks.2005.0032.
Jump up ^ Cunningham, Michael (2005). "A History of Song: The Transmission of Memory in Middle-Earth". Mallorn (43): 27–29.
Jump up ^ Solopova, p. 49
Jump up ^ Isaacs, Neil David; Zimbardo, Rose A. (2005). Understanding The Lord of the Rings: The Best of Tolkien Criticism. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 58–64. ISBN 978-0-618-42253-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Kreeft, Peter J. "The Presence of Christ in The Lord of the Rings". Ignatius Insight. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Kerry, Paul E. (2010). Kerry, Paul E., ed. The Ring and the Cross: Christianity and the Lord of the Rings. Fairleigh Dickinson. pp. 32–34. ISBN 978-1-61147-065-9.
Jump up ^ Stucky, Mark (2006). "Middle Earth's Messianic Mythology Remixed: Gandalf's Death and Resurrection in Novel and Film" (PDF). Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. XIII (Summer). Retrieved 25 Nov 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Olar, Jared L., "The Gospel According to J.R.R. Tolkien", Grace and Knowledge, Issue 12, July 2002
^ Jump up to: a b Bedell, Haley (2015). "Frodo Baggins: The Modern Parallel to Christ in Literature". Humanities Capstone Projects. Pacific University (Paper 24).
Jump up ^ McAvan, Emily. The Postmodern Sacred: Popular Culture Spirituality in the Science Fiction, Fantasy and Urban Fantasy Genres. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc, 2012. Print.
Jump up ^ Pearce, Joseph. “Christ.” J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. New York: Routledge, 2007. 97-98
Jump up ^ Dalfonzo, Gina (2007). "Humble Heroism: Frodo Baggins as Christian Hero in The Lord of the Rings". In Pursuit of Truth.
Jump up ^ MacArthur, Kerry J. (2004). "The Theological Virtues in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings". In Miller, Paula Jean, FSE; Fossey, Richard. Mapping the Catholic Cultural Landscape. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 58–59. ISBN 0-7425-3184-8.
Jump up ^ The Lord of the Rings, Book 3, Chapter 5.
Solopova, Elizabeth (2009), Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J.R.R. Tolkien's Fiction, New York City: North Landing Books, ISBN 0-9816607-1-1
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), ISBN 0-395-08254-4
Further reading[edit]
Dickerson, Matthew. (October 1, 2003). Following Gandalf: Epic Battles and Moral Victory in The Lord of the Rings, Brazos Press. ISBN 1-58743-085-1.
West, J.E. (Ed.). (2002). Celebrating Middle-Earth: The Lord of the Rings As a Defense of Western Civilization. Inkling Books.
Rosebury, B. (2003). Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon. Palgrave.
Marian Figures in The Lord of the Rings, International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton.
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The Hobbit
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The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien
The History of Middle-earth
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Lord of the Rings (2006)
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Fan-made
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For the Love of You
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"For the Love of You"
Single by The Isley Brothers
from the album The Heat Is On
Released
September 22, 1975
Recorded
Kendun Recorders, Burbank, California, 1975
Genre
Smooth soul, quiet storm
Length
5:38 (Album version)
4:44 (7" edit)
Label
T-Neck/Epic
Songwriter(s)
The Isley Brothers
Producer(s)
The Isley Brothers
The Isley Brothers singles chronology
"Fight the Power (Part 1)"
(1975) "For the Love of You"
(1975) "Harvest for the World"
(1976)
"Fight the Power (Part 1)"
(1975) "For the Love of You"
(1975) "Harvest for the World"
(1976)
"For the Love of You" (sometimes titled "For the Love of You (Part 1 & 2)") is a song recorded by The Isley Brothers, who released the song as the second single off their landmark 1975 album, The Heat Is On. The record was unique in that it showcased the two sides of the act, with the album's first single "Fight the Power" reflecting a fast-paced funk vibe while showcasing a ballad side on the latter. The song later became a crossover hit for the brothers and one of their most enduring records by their legion of fans.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Recording
1.2 Release
2 In Popular Media
3 Sampling
4 Cover versions
5 Credits
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Recording[edit]
By 1975, most of the songwriting within the Isley Brothers had changed. Prior to their arrivals in 1973, original members Ron, Kelly and Rudy had written a majority of their recordings after reviving their T-Neck Records label in 1969. After the release of 3 + 3, their 1973 release, most of the brothers' compositions were devised by multi-instrumentalists Ernie Isley and Chris Jasper with minimal composition help by bassist Marvin Isley.
According to engineers Malcolm Cecil and Robert Margouleff, the way the brother band conducted business was workmanlike in comparison with the more laid back Stevie Wonder, with whom Cecil and Margouleff worked on several of Wonder's so-called "classic albums" during the 1970s period. Cecil described the band's eldest brother O'Kelly as a taskmaster and was always directing his younger brothers and Jasper. Younger brother and prominent lead vocalist Ron was described as shy while Ernie Isley was described as a genius.
Recording of the song took place at Burbank's Kendun Recorders studio. The song had been composed by Ernie Isley and Chris Jasper based off a poem written for Jasper's sister Elaine by her husband and Jasper's brother-in-law Rudy Isley. Jasper wrote the music while Ernie Isley composed the lyrics. Initially during the song's first take, Cecil and Margouleff had accidentally erased the vocals. Although upset by the initial failure of them erasing what he felt was a perfect take of the song, Ron Isley recorded his take again and by the song's finish had told the engineers that he was going home.
Release[edit]
"For the Love of You" was released in September 1975, after the success of its predecessor, "Fight the Power", had started to dwindle, leading to a drop of the charts. "For the Love" nearly repeated the success of its predecessor reaching #22 on the Billboard Hot 100, giving the brothers the rarity of having two top 40 singles off one album as opposed to one every album, marking it as the first time that had happened since the 1972 album, Brother, Brother, Brother, where two top 40 singles emerged from that album ("Work to Do" and "Pop That Thang"). The song peaked at #10 on Billboard's R&B chart.
The song's success was contributed to the album's sequencing in which the harder, funk and rock-oriented first three tracks were placed on side one, while the more melodic, sensual soul ballads were placed on side two. As a result of the success of "For the Love of You", R&B radio began playing the album's other two ballads regularly – the O'Kelly Isley-led ballad "Sensuality" and the Ronald swan song, "Make Me Say It Again, Girl". Since then, all three of the songs from the album's second side continued to get play on quiet storm radio playlists.
In Popular Media[edit]
The song appeared in the movie Menace II Society (1993).
On December 12, 1993, Martin episode "Whoop, There It Ain't" The Song appeared In the series.
The song also appeared in a scene in 2004's "Alfie", starring Jude Law and Sienna Miller.
Sampling[edit]
"For the Love of You" was also sampled by Masta Ace in his song entitled "The I.N.C. Ride"[1][2], Common in his song "Puppy Chow"[3] from the 1992 album “Can I Borrow a Dollar?” and College Boyz in the song “Hollywood Paradox”.[3]
BoogieMonsters also sampled the song for "HoneyDips in Gotham" (1994), from the album “Riders of the Storm: The Underwater Album”[2]
3 E Oeil sampled the song for their song “Laise Toi Aller".[4]
Seagram sampled the song for the song "Birth" from his album Reality Check.
The D.O.C. sampled "For The Love of You" for the song "From Ruthless 2 Death Row"[3] from his album Helter Skelter.
Slick Rick sampled the song for " Sittin in My Car".[3]
Ed Lover & Doctor Dré sampled the song on "For the Love of You"[3] from their 1994 album Back Up Off Me!.
Thug Life sampled the song for "Bury Me a G"[3] from the 1994 album Thug Life: Volume 1.
504 Boyz sampled the song on "I Gotta Have That There" off their 2002 album Ballers.[5]
Murs sampled the song in "Me and This Jawn" off of his Murs for President album in 2008.[6]
Skee-Lo sampled the song for "This Is How It Sounds"[3] on his 1995 album I Wish.
Smooth sampled the song for her hit single "Mind Blowin'" from her 1995 self-titled album.
Max Minelli sampled the song for "It's My Life" on his and Kevin Gates collaboration mixtape The Leak.
Cover versions[edit]
Hugh Masekela included the song in his 1976 album Colonial Man and his 2005 album Revival.
Jazz guitarist Earl Klugh released a cover version on his 1986 album Life Stories.
In 1987, Whitney Houston covered the song on her second studio album, Whitney. The song features as the B-Side on the third single "So Emotional", released on November 12, 1987.
The song was also covered by Norman Brown from his 1994 album, After the Storm[7].
In 1995, Jason Weaver covered the song on his album Love Ambition.
Omar Chandler recorded a cover that appears on the 1997 Edition of his R&B CD Pieces Of My Heart.[8]
In 1997, the song was covered by smooth jazz saxophonist Candy Dulfer for her album of the same name.[9]
In the Philippines, Regine Velasquez made another version with KC Montero and Gabby Eigenmann for her 1999 multi-platinum album R2K, this time with a more upbeat tempo and a jazzy feel.
Phil Perry covered the song as "Living for the Love of You" for the 2001 album Magic.[10]
In 2003, The song was also covered by neo-soul artist Hill St. Soul on her album Copasetik & Cool.[11]
Joss Stone covered the song on her 2003 album, The Soul Sessions
In 2004, Regina Belle (with background vocal group The Perry Sisters) covered the song in a medley with “The Love I Lost” by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes for her album, Lazy Afternoon.[12]
In 2004, the song was covered by Boyz II Men on their self-produced Throwback, Vol. 1.
George Michael recorded a cover for his SOLD ON SONG BBC 2 Special, which aired on December 18, 2004.[13]
The song was also covered in 2008 by Canadian R&B star Robane Shavon Shormane. The song was altered to be entitled "Chillin' on a Science Book."
Jazz singer and pianist Freddy Cole (who is also the brother of Nat King Cole) covered the tune on his 2013 album This-And-That.[14]
Jazz singer Maryann Price recorded a Latin jazz version on her LONE STAR STATE O'GRACE CD.
Credits[edit]
Credits are adapted from the album’s Liner notes[15]
Ronald Isley: lead vocals
O'Kelly Isley, Jr.: background vocals
Rudolph Isley: background vocals
Ernie Isley: six-string & twelve-string acoustic guitars, drums, background vocals
Marvin Isley: bass guitar, background vocals
Chris Jasper: electric piano, ARP synthesizer, background vocals
Produced, written, arranged and composed by The Isley Brothers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ G Manifesto Staff. “Dope Isley Brothers Tracks...”. The G Manifesto. 7 November 2007. http://www.thegmanifesto.com/2007/11/dope-isley-brothers-tracks-sampled-by.html
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan. ”Summer Jams Video Series...”. Chasing Coolness. 27 June 2008. http://chasingcoolness.blogspot.com/2008/06/summer-jams-video-series-boogiemonsters.html?m=1
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g ”Isley Brothers”. Rap Sample FAQ. http://the-breaks.com/search.php?type=0&term=Isley%20Brothers
Jump up ^ “Les Samples...clin de Oeil”. Du Bruit. https://www.du-bruit.com/samples-va-/33549-jazz-liberatorz-clin-d-oeil.html
Jump up ^ Steve “Flash” Juon. “504 Boyz: Ballers...”. Rap Reviews. 17 December 2002. http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2002_12_ballers.html
Jump up ^ Murs. “Murs for President” (Album notes). Warner Bros. Records. 2008.
Jump up ^ “For the Love of You”. YouTube: Norman Brown. 23 August 2016. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ehh6XtwfgjM
Jump up ^ Chandler, Omar. “Pieces of My Heart” (CD). Expansion. 10 February 1997. https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/pieces-of-my-heart-mr0001662604
Jump up ^ Dulfer, Candy. “For the Love of You”. N2K Records. 21 October 1997. https://www.allmusic.com/album/for-the-love-of-you-mw0000645844
Jump up ^ Perry, Phil. “Magic” (Album notes). Peak Records. 2001.
Jump up ^ Hil St. Soul. “Copasetik & Cool” (Japan) (CD). Toy’s Factory. 24 March 2003. https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/copasetik-cool-japan-mr0000457775
Jump up ^ Ruotsalainen, Petteri. “Regina Belle: Lazy Afternoon”. Soul Express: Album of the Month. August 2004. http://www.soulexpress.net/belle.htm
Jump up ^ “George Michael...Interprète 3 Chansons”. George Michael’Songs. 18 December 2004. http://georgemichael.songs.over-blog.com/article-26937163.html
Jump up ^ Cole, Freddy. “This and That”. High Note. 21 May 2013. https://www.allmusic.com/album/this-and-that-mw0002540055
Jump up ^ The Isley Brothers. “The Heat is On” (Album notes). T-Neck / Epic. 1975.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
The Isley Brothers
Ernie Isley
Marvin Isley
O'Kelly Isley, Jr.
Ronald Isley
Rudolph Isley
Chris Jasper
Studio albums
Shout!
Twist & Shout
Twisting and Shouting
This Old Heart of Mine
Soul on the Rocks
It's Our Thing
The Brothers: Isley
Get into Something
Givin' It Back
Brother, Brother, Brother
3 + 3
Live It Up
The Heat Is On
Harvest for the World
Go for Your Guns
Showdown
Winner Takes All
Go All the Way
Grand Slam
Inside You
The Real Deal
Between the Sheets
Masterpiece
Smooth Sailin'
Spend the Night
Tracks of Life
Mission to Please
Eternal
Body Kiss
Baby Makin' Music
Live albums
Live at Yankee Stadium
The Isleys Live
Live!
Compilation albums
Timeless
Singles
"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door"
"Shout (Part 1)"
"How Deep Is the Ocean?"
"Twist and Shout"
"Nobody but Me"
"Testify (Part 1)"
"Love Is a Wonderful Thing"
"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)"
"I Guess I'll Always Love You"
"That's the Way Love Is"
"Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While)"
"Behind a Painted Smile"
"Put Yourself in My Place"
"It's Your Thing"
"I Turned You On"
"Keep On Doin'"
"Freedom"
"Love the One You're With"
"Spill the Wine"
"Lay Lady Lay"
"Lay-Away"
"Pop That Thang"
"Work to Do"
"It's Too Late"
"That Lady (Part 1)"
"What It Comes Down To"
"Summer Breeze"
"Live It Up"
"Fight the Power (Part 1)"
"For the Love of You"
"Harvest for the World"
"The Pride"
"Livin' in the Life"
"Voyage to Atlantis"
"Take Me to the Next Phase (Part 1)"
"Groove with You"
"I Wanna Be with You (Part 1)"
"It's a Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop)"
"Don't Say Goodnight (It's Time for Love) (Parts 1 & 2)"
"Between the Sheets"
"Choosey Lover"
"Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)"
"Contagious"
See also
Discography
T-Neck Records
Isley-Jasper-Isley
Book:The Isley Brothers
Category:The Isley Brothers
Portal:R&B and Soul Music
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=For_the_Love_of_You&oldid=822697172"
Categories:
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