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Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
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Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
中央网络安全和信息化委员会
Abbreviation
Zhongyang Wangxin Wei
(中央网信委)
Formation
February 2014
Type
Supra-ministerial policy coordination and consultation body
Location
Beijing
Leader
Xi Jinping
Deputy Leaders
Li Keqiang
Chief of General Office
Xu Lin
Parent organization
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Subsidiaries
Cyberspace Administration of China (also known as the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission)
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The Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (Chinese: 中央网络安全和信息化委员会; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Wǎngluò Ānquán Hé Xìnxī Huà Wěiyuánhuì), formerly known as the Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization (Chinese: 中央网络安全和信息化领导小组; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Wǎngluò Ānquán Hé Xìnxī Huà Lǐngdǎo Xiǎozǔ) is a policy formulation and implementation body set up under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for the purpose of managing internet-related issues. This is believed to include the expansion of online services, internet security concerns, as well as broad jurisdiction over policies on internet censorship.
The decision to establish the group was announced at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee in November 2013, but did not hold its first full meeting until February 2014.[1]
The group is also known as the Cyberspace Affairs Leading Group. The Cyberspace Administration of China reports to the group and acts as its executive arm. The Leading Group was not a wholly new created entity, since it was primarily a reconstitution of the Leading Group for National Informatization, with a similar membership composition.[2]
In March 2018, the leading group was transformed into a commission, called the Central Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, also called the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (CCAC).[3]
Membership[edit]
Director
Xi Jinping (Politburo Standing Committee, Party General Secretary, State President)
Deputy Directors
Li Keqiang (Politburo Standing Committee, Premier of the State Council)
Chief of General Office
Xu Lin, concurrently Director of the Cyberspace Administration of China, deputy head of the Propaganda Department
Members
Unannounced as of March 2018
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "中央网络安全和信息化领导小组成立". Xinhua. February 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Godement, Francois (July 2015). "Special issue: Governing the Web" (PDF). European Council on Foreign Relations. European Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "CPC releases plan on deepening reform of Party and state institutions". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
External links[edit]
The Diplomat: Xi Jinping leads new internet security group
[hide]
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Gitanjali
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the collection of poems by Rabindranath Tagore. For other uses, see Geetanjali (disambiguation).
Gitanjali, Song Offerings
Gitanjali title page
Author
Rabindranath Tagore
W. B. Yeats (introduction)
Original title
গীতাঞ্জলি
Country
British Raj
Language
Bengali, English
Subject
Devotion to God
Genre
Poem
Publisher
Macmillan and Company
Publication date
1910
Published in English
1912
Pages
104
Gitanjali (Bengali: গীতাঞ্জলি, lit. ''Song offering'', IPA: [git̪ɑːnd͡ʒoli]) is a collection of poems by the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore received the Nobel Prize for Literature, largely for the book. And is part of the Collection from the UNESCO of Representative Works.
History[edit]
The original Bengali collection of 156/157 poems was published on August 14, 1910. The English Gitanjali or Song Offerings is a collection of 103 English poems of Tagore's own English translations of his Bengali poems first published in November 1912 by the India Society of London. It contained translations of 53 poems from the original Bengali Gitanjali, as well as 50 other poems which were from his drama Achalayatan and eight other books of poetry — mainly Gitimalya (17 poems), Naivedya (15 poems) and Kheya (11 poems).[1]
The translations were often radical, leaving out or altering large chunks of the poem and in one instance fusing two separate poems (song 95, which unifies songs 89,90 of Naivedya). Tagore undertook the translations prior to a visit to England in 1912, where the poems were extremely well received. In 1913, Tagore became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, largely for the English Gitanjali.[2]
The English Gitanjali became popular in the West, and was widely translated.[3] The word gitanjali is composed from "geet", song, and "anjali", offering, and thus means – "An offering of songs"; but the word for offering, anjali, has a strong devotional connotation, so the title may also be interpreted as "prayer offering of song".[3]
William Butler Yeats wrote the introduction to the first edition of Gitanjali.[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ghosal, Sukriti. "The Language of Gitanjali: the Paradoxical Matrix" (PDF). The Criterion: An International Journal in English. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
Jump up ^ books.google.de, Sukriti. "Gitanjali: Song Offerings". Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Gitanjali: Selected Poems (2010-07-30). "Gitanjali: Selected Poems". School of Wisdom. Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2012-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Yeats' introduction to Tagore's Gitanji". The Fortnightly Review. 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
External links[edit]
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Gitanjali
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গীতাঞ্জলি
Gitanjali (Song Offerings)
Gitanjali
Gitanjali public domain audiobook at LibriVox
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