text:
Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Arsenal F.C. v Manchester United F.C.
Teams
Arsenal
Manchester United
First meeting
13 October 1894
Newton Heath 3–3 Woolwich Arsenal
Latest meeting
Arsenal 1–3 Manchester United
Premier League
(2 December 2017)
Next meeting
Manchester United v Arsenal
Premier League
(28 April 2018)
Stadiums
Emirates Stadium (Arsenal)
Old Trafford (Manchester United)
Statistics
Meetings total
227
Most wins
Manchester United (95)
Most player appearances
Ryan Giggs (50)
Top scorer
Wayne Rooney (12)
All-time series
Arsenal: 82
Drawn: 50
Manchester United: 95
Largest victory
Manchester United 8–2 Arsenal
(28 August 2011)
The rivalry between Arsenal and Manchester United is a notable one in English football as both clubs are recognised for having great history and traditions.[1] Although the two clubs have frequently been in the same division as each other since 1919, the rivalry was instigated in 1990, when a brawl resulted in both clubs having points deductions in the Football League First Division.
Many of the clashes between the two teams in the late 1990s and early 2000s have been due to the teams being fierce rivals in the Premier League and FA Cup. During this period, there was enmity between the two longest serving managers in Premier League history, Arsenal's Arsène Wenger (1996–present) and United's Sir Alex Ferguson (1986–2013), and their former club captains Patrick Vieira and Roy Keane.[2][3] Both managers spurred each other on for greater success,[4] and the contests often involved on-field trouble – seven red cards were shown in matches from February 1997 to February 2005.[5] The league fixture in September 2003 was marred by a mêlée instigated by Arsenal players, who felt striker Ruud van Nistelrooy had cheated to get Vieira sent off. A season later, Manchester United ended Arsenal's unbeaten run in controversial circumstances, which led to more disorder, this time in the tunnel.
The rivalry under Ferguson and Wenger is considered to have come to an natural end at the 2005 FA Cup Final, given the London club then underwent a period of transitional change. By 2008 former Arsenal player Lee Dixon noted that the rivalry had diminished somewhat,[6] while Ferguson himself stated the two teams have cooled from those previously "heated" exchanges.[1] Various factors have been suggested for the diminishing importance of the rivalry in the 2010s, such as the ascendancy of other clubs including local rivals of both (Chelsea and Manchester City).[7]
Arsenal and Manchester United first played a competitive match in October 1894; as of December 2017, the two clubs have faced each other 227 times in total. United have won 95 to Arsenal's 82, and 50 matches have ended in a draw. Wayne Rooney has scored the most goals in the fixture with 12, while Ryan Giggs has made the highest number of appearances with 50. Several players have featured for both clubs at different stages of their career, including Brian Kidd, Andy Cole, David Platt, Robin van Persie, Danny Welbeck and former manager George Graham.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Origins
1.2 1996–2003
1.3 2003–04: Brawl and Cup semi-final meeting
1.4 2004–05: Unbeaten run ends, tunnel fracas
1.5 2005–present
2 Ferguson and Wenger
3 Television and radio broadcasts
4 Footballers who have played for both clubs
5 Statistics
5.1 Honours
5.2 Head-to-head results
5.3 Records
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
A particularly memorable match between the two sides came on 1 February 1958, when they met in a league fixture at Highbury.[9] It was the last league game that United played before the Munich air disaster five days later, which claimed the lives of eight of their players and saw two other players injured to such an extent that they never played again.[9] United won the game 5–4, with goals from Tommy Taylor (twice), Duncan Edwards, Bobby Charlton and Dennis Viollet.[9] Five of the United players who would lose their lives as a result of the crash took to the field in the game – captain and full-back Roger Byrne, right-half Eddie Colman, centre-half Mark Jones, left-half Edwards and centre-forward Taylor.[9]
Another high-profile clash came more than 20 years later, in the final of the FA Cup on 12 May 1979.[10] A capacity crowd saw Arsenal take a 2–0 lead in the first half thanks to goals from Brian Talbot and Frank Stapleton, and with just five minutes left on the clock their lead was still intact.[10] Then, in the 86th minute, Gordon McQueen pulled a goal back for United, and two minutes later they equalised with a goal from Sammy McIlroy.[10] However, barely a minute after United equalised, Arsenal's Alan Sunderland scored an 89th-minute goal to win the cup 3–2 for Arsenal.[11]
Although Arsenal and Manchester United had previously contested many significant matches, Sir Alex Ferguson believed the rivalry started in January 1987 when David Rocastle was sent off for retaliating against a foul on Norman Whiteside.[12] It is, however, generally perceived to have begun in October 1990, when a brawl between both sides at Old Trafford resulted in both clubs being docked points in the 1990–91 First Division.[13] The scuffle started when Arsenal's Anders Limpar, who scored the only goal of the game, contested for the ball with Manchester United defender Denis Irwin.[14] Limpar's teammate Nigel Winterburn tackled Irwin, which prompted Brian McClair and Irwin to retaliate.[14] Winterburn was pushed onto the advertising hoardings and all the players bar goalkeeper David Seaman partook in a 20-second mêlée.[15] As well as a points deduction, both clubs fined several of their players, and in Arsenal's case, their manager too.[16][17] Arsenal and United next faced each other at Highbury a little over a month later in the Football League Cup fourth round.[18] 19-year-old winger Lee Sharpe scored a hat-trick as United won the tie 6–2.[18]
1996–2003[edit]
Gary Neville described Arsenal's 1998 side as "experienced and strong, both mentally and physically."[19]
The rivalry intensified following the arrival of Arsène Wenger in October 1996.[20] A league match between the two sides in February 1997 was marred by an incident between Arsenal's Ian Wright and United's Peter Schmeichel; the striker challenged for the ball with both feet and caught the goalkeeper with his studs.[21] A confrontation ensued and police stepped in to keep the players apart after the final whistle.[22] Wright's behaviour was scrutinised at a hearing, where he complained he was subject to racial abuse by Schmeichel, at which point the FA intervened and met with representatives of both clubs.[21] In April 1997, Wright and Schmeichel settled their differences, but the managers' animosity towards each other started to become apparent.[23] Wenger had advised against the Premier League extending the season to ease Manchester United's fixture congestion, to which Ferguson publicly retorted: "Maybe he should concentrate on Ian Wright's tackles rather than Manchester United. He's at a big club, well Arsenal used to be a big club, and maybe next year he could be in the same situation. I wonder what [h]is story will be then."[24]
United had won four of the first five editions of the newly-branded league, and were on course to continue their domination after opening up a sizeable lead in February 1998.[25] Injuries and poor results however destabilised the team, and by the time Arsenal visited Old Trafford in March, a title race was looking probable.[26] Wenger was bullish of his team's chances: "I told you last week that the race was not over when the bookmakers stopped betting. Surprise, surprise, they have started taking money again."[27] A goal from Marc Overmars set Arsenal on the way to victory, which put them six points behind with three games in hand.[28] They eventually won the league, and secured the double by beating Newcastle United in the Cup final.[29]
"It was a trauma for us. I can still hear the shouts of their team having won, they couldn’t believe it because they were down to 10 men. And I think that put them on a wave of euphoria and then they won the title – just."
—Arsène Wenger reflecting on the FA Cup semi-final replay[30]
Arsenal began the 1998–99 season with a 3–0 win over United in the Charity Shield; Ferguson was unconcerned by the result, but losing to the champions a month later by the same scoreline was, in his words, "a lot less tolerable."[31] Both clubs again vied for domestic honours; United this time pipped Arsenal by a point to regain the title.[32] They also met in the FA Cup semi-final, which was replayed after the original game ended goalless.[33] David Beckham and Dennis Bergkamp scored for their respective clubs either side of half time, Roy Keane was dismissed, and the holders late on were awarded a penalty.[33] Schmeichel saved Bergkamp's attempt and the tie went into extra time. Ryan Giggs memorably scored the winner, picking up possession on the halfway line and dribbling past the entire Arsenal back line before shooting past David Seaman.[33] "A match that had everything finished with a pitch invasion, sporadic fighting and David Beckham carried shoulder-high from the field" wrote Matt Dickinson in The Times.[34] United went on to complete the treble, winning the UEFA Champions League.[32]
The rivalry continued into the new millennium, though Manchester United's domestic grip tightened. They finished 18 points clear of Arsenal in 1999–2000 and completed a hat-trick of titles the following season.[35] Any indication United could be caught faded once Ferguson's team resoundingly beat Arsenal 6–1 in February 2001.[36] Dwight Yorke scored a hat-trick, on a day Wenger fielded a relatively inexperienced centre-back pairing of Gilles Grimandi and Igors Stepanovs.[36] At the end of the campaign, Ferguson announced his decision to retire.[37] He reportedly sanctioned a bid to sign midfielder Patrick Vieira, who was upset at Arsenal's transfer inactivity. The transfer never came through; Wenger blamed his rivals for "...approach[ing] to Patrick without contacting us, and that does not really respect the rules."[38] United made an indifferent start to the league campaign, and by February 2002, Ferguson went back on his retirement plan on the advice of his family.[39][40] Arsenal hit their stride as the 2001–02 season came to a close, winning the double for the second time in four years.[41] The championship was decided at Old Trafford in the penultimate game of the season; Wenger described his team's 1–0 win as a "shift of power."[42]
"It's getting tickly now – squeaky-bum time, I call it."
—Sir Alex Ferguson on the title race, 2003[43]
United again won the title back in 2002–03, when it looked as though Arsenal would retain it. A late-season encounter between the teams ended in controversial circumstances after the match officials allowed Thierry Henry's second goal to stand despite the player being offside and Sol Campbell was sent off for an elbow on Ole Gunnar Solskjær in a 2–2 draw.[44] Arsenal had beaten United on the way to FA Cup success and both teams contested the 2003 FA Community Shield at the start of the 2003–04 season. In a hotly-contested match, Phil Neville was booked in the first minute for a challenge on Vieira and a minute later, Ashley Cole received a booking for fouling Solskjær.[45] Yellow cards were also given to Quinton Fortune and Paul Scholes for United and Vieira for Arsenal.[45] Substitute Francis Jeffers was shown a straight red for a kick on Phil Neville and, despite originally going unpunished, Campbell was later given a three-match ban by the FA for kicking out at Eric Djemba-Djemba.[46] The game finished 1–1 after 90 minutes and United eventually won the Shield 4–3 on penalties.[45]
2003–04: Brawl and Cup semi-final meeting[edit]
See also: Battle of Old Trafford
Old Trafford was the setting for another brawl between the two sides.
The rivalry escalated in September 2003, when Arsenal travelled to Old Trafford. In the match Vieira was shown a second yellow card for his part in an altercation with striker Ruud van Nistelrooy, and during stoppage time, defender Martin Keown brought down Diego Forlán in the Arsenal penalty area. United were awarded a penalty and Van Nistelrooy stepped up to take it, but his shot rebounded off the crossbar.[47] This was followed by scenes of jubilation from the Arsenal players, who confronted Van Nistelrooy after his miss and the resulting scuffle led to another fracas after the final whistle.[47] The FA immediately took action, charging six of Arsenal's players (Jens Lehmann, Ray Parlour, Lauren, Cole, Keown and Vieira) with improper conduct.[48] The club was fined £175,000, the largest ever given to a club by the FA at the time.[48] Lauren received a four-game ban, whereas Vieira and Parlour were given one-match suspensions.[49]
The next game between these two clubs was held at Highbury in March 2004, again ending in a draw.[50] Ferguson's side then knocked Arsenal out of the FA Cup semi-final at Villa Park the following weekend; United supporters at the ground led a chorus of "Where's your Treble gone?" to their rivals.[51] United went on to win the FA Cup, while Arsenal regained the title without losing a league game.[52] They faced each other in the 2004 FA Community Shield and Arsenal won the match 3–1.[53]
2004–05: Unbeaten run ends, tunnel fracas[edit]
See also: Battle of the Buffet
Arsène Wenger was highly critical of Mike Riley's performance, suggesting the referee was biased towards the home side.[54]
By the time Arsenal next played Manchester United, the club had extended its unbeaten league run to 49 games.[55] United stood in sixth place in the table, 11 points behind Arsenal and were intent on ending their rivals' undefeated streak.[56] Ferguson in his press conference described Arsenal's conduct in the equivalent fixture a year ago as "...the worst thing I've seen in this sport. No wonder they were so delighted at the verdicts."[56]
The October 2004 league match, staged at Old Trafford, was blighted by a number of fouls, overlooked by referee Mike Riley, including striker Van Nistelrooy's studs-up challenge on Cole.[57] Arsenal dictated much of the play, but as the game headed towards the finish, United threatened. The home side were awarded a penalty when Wayne Rooney was adjudged to have been fouled in the area by Campbell. Van Nistelrooy scored and late in the game Rooney scored to give United a 2–0 win.[58] Tempers flared in the tunnel afterwards; Wenger confronted Van Nistelrooy for his tackle on Cole, but Ferguson intervened and told him to leave his players alone.[59] Pizza was thrown at Ferguson by an Arsenal player, which forced him to change into the club tracksuit in order to carry out his television duties. An investigation into "Pizzagate" never came around as both clubs kept silent.[60]
The clubs met again five weeks later in the League Cup quarter-finals at Old Trafford and despite both sides fielding weakened teams, the match was not short of drama.[61] David Bellion gave United the lead in just 19 seconds, but tempers boiled over in the second half; a late tackle by Robin van Persie on Kieran Richardson resulted in a fracas between both sets of players, which concluded with both protagonists getting booked by referee Mark Halsey.[61] The game finished 1–0.[61] In the reverse league fixture, club captains Keane and Vieira had to be separated in the tunnel before the match by referee Graham Poll. Keane accused the Arsenal midfielder of intimidating his teammate Gary Neville, telling the press afterwards: "I said, 'Come and have a go at me'. Simple as that. If he wants to intimidate some of my team-mates then let's have a go at some of the other players. I think Gary Neville's an easy target. I wasn't having it."[62] Vieira gave Arsenal the lead in the eighth minute of the match but United ran out 4–2 winners.[63]
In May 2005, Arsenal and United contested the 124th FA Cup Final. It was the first time in the competition's history that the final was decided on a penalty shoot-out. Arsenal beat United 5–4, following a goalless draw after extra time.[64] Arsenal forward José Antonio Reyes became the second player in Cup Final history to be sent off, following his second yellow card near the end of extra time.[65]
2005–present[edit]
Robin van Persie about to take a penalty against his former side, April 2013
Chelsea's emergence as title challengers put an end to Arsenal and Manchester United's domestic duopoly.[66] The West London club won back-to-back league titles in 2004–05 and 2005–06 under José Mourinho, at a time when Arsenal and United underwent a period of transition.[67] Vieira and Keane had left their respective clubs by the end of 2005, while Ferguson came under intense scrutiny over his management.[68] Nevertheless, he guided his team to Premier League success in 2006–07, and won a further four league titles.[35] At Arsenal, Wenger oversaw the club's relocation to the Emirates Stadium and made the decision to prioritise it over strengthening the squad.[69] The club sold several experienced players, replenishing them with younger talent.[69] The 2005 Cup win was their last piece of silverware until 2014.[70]
Though the rivalry cooled, the two clubs were still involved in engrossing battles; The Guardian's Jamie Jackson wrote after a November 2007 fixture: "For once here was enough spectacle to meet the pre-match hype and convince the millions watching around the world that the Premier League may just have the best footballers who can play the very best stuff."[71] In 2009, the teams met in the semi-finals of the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League, which United won 4–1 on aggregate. United defender Patrice Evra was blunt in his post-match assessment: "It was 11 men against 11 children. We never doubted ourselves. We have much more experience and that's what made the difference."[72]
In December 2010, Ferguson made a personal plea to the United fans to no longer sing a "sick" chant at Wenger, as those kind of chants from fans were considered an embarrassment to the club.[73] With both teams going for the Premier League title in May 2011, Arsenal won their first game against Manchester United since November 2008, to leave United just three points ahead of Chelsea and six ahead of Arsenal going into the final three games of the season.[74] Nevertheless, United won the league, nine points ahead of Chelsea and 12 points ahead of Arsenal.[75]
A league match between José Mourinho-led United and Arsenal, November 2016. Despite previous animosity between Mourinho and Wenger, the rivalry has softened.
In August 2011, Arsenal suffered their heaviest league defeat in 84 years as they lost 8–2 to Manchester United at Old Trafford. Arsenal had not lost a league game by such a margin since 1927 when they lost 7–0 to West Ham United in the old Football League First Division.[76] This was also the first time they had conceded eight goals in a game since 1896, when they lost 8–0 to the now defunct Loughborough in the old Football League Second Division.[77] A year later, striker Robin van Persie joined United, having stated that he would not renew his contract with Arsenal. It was speculated that he would move to a club overseas, but signed for the Manchester club, the first Arsenal player to do so since Viv Anderson in 1987.[78] Ferguson called Wenger to push through a deal when he learnt of the contract situation.[79] Van Persie was instrumental in United's league win of 2012–13 – Ferguson's last, and coincidentally received a guard of honour by his former teammates before United faced Arsenal at the Emirates in April 2013.[80]
The appointment of Mourinho as United manager in 2016 added a new twist to the rivalry, given the previous animosity between him and Wenger.[81] Sports writer Daniel Taylor however argued that Wenger's stagnation hindered any confrontations between the two managers, writing: "Ferguson stopped aiming his barbs at Wenger once it became clear his old enemy was no longer capable of producing title-winning teams and it doesn’t feel like a coincidence that Mourinho also seems indifferent now that Arsenal have dropped even further back."[82] Former midfielder Phil Neville criticised the players for hugging in the tunnel before a league fixture in May 2017, calling the pleasantries a "total nonsense".[83] In December 2017 analysts calculated the league fixture between the two sides as the Premier League's first billion pound game.[84]
Ferguson and Wenger[edit]
It was not until Wenger's arrival in October 1996 that Arsenal reemerged as a serious league competitor. By the end of the 1996–97 season, Manchester United amassed their fourth title in five seasons,[85] whereas Arsenal finished the campaign in third – their highest position since the formation of the Premier League in 1992.[86] During the season, Wenger commented on rule changes which permitted an extension to the league calendar: "It's wrong the programme is extended so Manchester United can rest and win everything."[87] His observation irked Ferguson, who replied: "He has no experience of English football. He has come here from Japan, and now he is telling everyone how to organise our football. Unless you have been in the situation and had the experience then he should keep his mouth shut, firmly shut."[88]
Sir Alex Ferguson's relationship with Arsène Wenger turned cordial in later years.
The relationship between both managers was evidently hostile to begin with. Ferguson noted that Wenger was the only manager he came across in the league not to share a drink with after matches – an English football "tradition".[89] In a joint interview with The Times and Daily Mail in 2009, Wenger said his discourtesy was mistaken for mistrust and managers "cannot be completely friendly and open up."[90] When asked if this was the reason he avoided the post-match drink, he replied: "Most of the time, yes. What can you say if you have won? And if you have lost all you want to do is get home and prepare for the next game."[90]
In January 2005, Ferguson and Wenger were embroiled in a new row over what had happened in the tunnel after Pizzagate.[91] Ferguson alleged that Wenger called his players "cheats" and never apologised for his team's behaviour: "It's a disgrace, but I don't expect Wenger to ever apologise, he's that type of person."[91] Wenger then claimed Ferguson was guilty of bringing the game into disrepute; he told reporters that he "will never answer any questions any more about this man," but went further to question the motive of the press: "What I don't understand is that he does what he wants and you are all at his feet."[92] Both managers came under pressure from the Metropolitan Police Service, then Sports Minister Richard Caborn and Premier League chairman Richard Scudamore to put an end to the bickering.[93] Ferguson and Wenger agreed to tone down their words, in an attempt to defuse the rivalry. In later years, Ferguson said Arsenal's defeat "scrambled Arsène’s brain" and caused their relationship to breakdown for almost five years.[94]
The two managers have "exchanged some of football's best and bitterest verbal swipes," according to The Daily Telegraph.[95] In 1997, Ferguson called Wenger a "novice" for complaining about the fixture programme and later said of his linguistic skills: "They say he’s an intelligent man, right? Speaks five languages! I’ve got a 15-year-old boy from the Ivory Coast who speaks five languages!"[96] After Arsenal's defeat to Manchester United in February 1997 – a match marred by a bust up between Wright and Schmeichel, Wenger referred to Ferguson’s interference: "I was surprised to see Ferguson on the pitch because you can only play eleven."[87] When Ferguson asserted that his team played the best football in England during the 2001–02 season, Wenger quipped: "Everyone thinks they have the prettiest wife at home," a subtle remark that Ferguson initially suspected was a taunt at his own wife Cathy.[97]
Such was the media's fascination of both managers' insults towards one another, psychologists were brought in to read and contrast their personalities.[87] John Kramer, a sports psychologist suggested in 2004 that Ferguson and Wenger used their rivalry in order to relax before an important match. To him, Ferguson was "...the past master in terms of creating an environment of keeping his players hungry" by using a persecution complex; Wenger on the other hand diffuses the psychology and would rather "...tell his players they are all superb and will attempt to create an environment where they are able to show off their skills without the rest of it."[98] Kramer concluded that both managers' comments "add[s] to the drama", but was insignificant in the games between the two clubs.[98]
Ferguson in his autobiography said a major turning point in his relationship with Wenger was after the Champions League semi-final of 2009; the Arsenal manager invited his competitor into the dressing room and congratulated him on United's win.[94] Wenger admitted their relationship had become genial since his team stopped competing with Manchester United for trophies.[90] The move to the Emirates Stadium in 2006 is often cited as the reason why, given it coincided with a transitional phase for the club. Several experienced first teamers were displaced in favour of youth and the style of football became shifted more towards ball retention.[99] Ferguson assessed the change in philosophy proved that Wenger did not "like to blend them too much with older players;" he also felt the team lacked a much needed balance between attack and defence.[100]
Television and radio broadcasts[edit]
The growth of the rivalry during the 1990s attracted the attention of broadcasters and has led to fixtures being rescheduled from the 3pm blackout period to primetime viewing in the United Kingdom. League matches are often broadcast on Sky Sports – once as early as 11:15am,[101] while cup games have aired on mainstream channels, BBC One and ITV.[102][103] At the height of the rivalry, the games on Sky had been billed as title deciders, and play was summarised by Martin Tyler and Andy Gray.[104] The April 2003 match at Highbury, advertised as "Face Off",[105] was seen by a British audience of 3.4 million,[106] while the 2005 Cup final was watched by more than 480 million viewers worldwide.[107]
In August 1999, the two sides participated in the world's first interactive football match,[108] and 11 years later featured in the world's first 3D TV sports broadcast – both events trialled by Sky.[109] To commemorate the 80th anniversary of the first radio football commentary, the BBC reintroduced its "grid system" to help listeners visualise the action between Arsenal and Manchester United in January 2007.[110] Musician David Gray was enlisted as guest summariser, with John Murray describing the action and James Alexander Gordon calling out the grid numbers to explain where the ball was.[110]
The rivalry was explored in an ITV4 special, Keane & Vieira: Best of Enemies, first broadcast in December 2013. The documentary saw the former captains discussing about their relationship, views on their respective managers and what they thought of each other.[111]
Footballers who have played for both clubs[edit]
Danny Welbeck moved from Manchester United to Arsenal in September 2014.
Arsenal, then Manchester United[8]
Name
Pos.
Arsenal
Manchester United
David Herd
FW 1954–1961 1961–1968
Ian Ure
MF 1963–1969 1969–1971
George Graham
FW 1966–1972 1972–1974
Frank Stapleton
FW 1971–1981 1981–1987
Viv Anderson
DF 1984–1987 1987–1991
Andy Cole
FW 1989–1992 1995–2001
Robin van Persie
FW 2004–2012 2012–2015
Alexis Sanchez
FW 2014–2018 2018–
Manchester United, then Arsenal[8]
Name
Pos.
Manchester United
Arsenal
Paddy Sloan
FW 1937–1939 1946–1948
Jimmy Rimmer
GK 1965–1974 1974–1977
Brian Kidd
FW 1967–1974 1974–1976
Jim Leighton
GK 1988–1991 1991
David Platt
MF 1982–1985 1995–1998
Mikaël Silvestre
DF 1999–2008 2008–2010
Danny Welbeck
FW 2008–2014 2014–
Henrikh Mkhitaryan
FW 2016–2018 2018–
Note: David Platt never played a senior game for United, Jim Leighton never played a senior game for Arsenal.
Statistics[edit]
All figures are correct as of the match played on 3 December 2017.[112][113][114]
Honours[edit]
Numbers with this background and symbol are italicised to denote club holds record in the competition.
Honour
Arsenal
Manchester United
Total
EFL and Premier League
13 20
33
FA Cup
13 12
25
EFL Cup
02 !2 05 !5
7
League Centenary Trophy
1 &
—
1
European Cup / UEFA Champions League
&
—
03 !3
3
UEFA Cup / Europa League
&
—
01 !1
1
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
01 !1 &
—
1
Cup Winners' Cup
01 !1 01 !1
2
Community Shield
15 21
35
UEFA Super Cup
&
—
01 !1
1
Intercontinental Cup
&
—
01 !1
1
Club World Cup
&
—
01 !1
1
Overall
46
66
122
Head-to-head results[edit]
Rio Ferdinand and Cesc Fàbregas in discussion with the referee before the first European game between the two sides in April 2009.
Competition
Played
Arsenal wins
Drawn
Manchester United wins
Arsenal goals
Manchester United goals
Football League/Premier League
197 69 46 82 273 300
FA Cup
15 6 2 7 19 19
Football League Cup
6 2 0 4 8 15
Football League Centenary Trophy
1 1 0 0 2 1
FA Community Shield
6 4 2 0 14 7
UEFA Champions League
2 0 0 2 1 4
Total
227
82
50
95
317
346
Records[edit]
First competitive meeting: Newton Heath 3–3 Woolwich Arsenal, Second Division, 13 October 1894[112]
First FA Cup meeting: Manchester United 2–3 Arsenal, fourth round, 10 March 1936[112]
First League Cup meeting: Arsenal 3–2 Manchester United, second round, 30 August 1977[112]
First European meeting: Manchester United 1–0 Arsenal, UEFA Champions League semi-final, 6 April 2009[115]
First away victory for Arsenal: 1–0 vs Manchester United, Second Division, 15 March 1902[112]
First away victory for Manchester United: 2–0 vs Arsenal, Second Division, 3 April 1897[112]
Highest scoring game: Manchester United 8–2 Arsenal, Premier League, 28 August 2011[112]
Largest winning margin (Manchester United): 6 goals – 8–2 vs Arsenal, Premier League, 28 August 2011[112]
Largest winning margin (Arsenal): 5 goals – 5–0 vs Manchester United, FA Cup fourth round, 30 January 1937[112]
Most consecutive wins (Manchester United): 5, 6 September 1983–24 August 1985[112]
Most consecutive wins (Arsenal): 4, 9 November 1997–20 September 1998[112]
Longest undefeated run (Manchester United): 9 – 6 wins and 3 draws over 20 November 1954 to 11 October 1958[112]
Longest undefeated run (Arsenal): 5 – 4 wins and 1 draw over 5 April 1922 to 28 December 1926[112]
Most consecutive draws: 3, 26 September 1981–25 September 1982[112]
Most games played against each other in a season: 5, in the 1998–99 and 2004–05 seasons[112]
Record goalscorer: Wayne Rooney (12), Manchester United.[116] He scored on his League debut for the club against Arsenal on 24 October 2004.[117]
Most appearances: Ryan Giggs (50), Manchester United. He made his final appearance in the fixture as a substitute on 9 November 2013.[118]
Highest league attendance: 83,260 at Maine Road, First Division, 17 January 1948[119]
See also[edit]
List of sports rivalries in the United Kingdom
References[edit]
General
Crick, Michael (2003). The Boss: The Many Sides of Alex Ferguson. London: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7434-2991-5.
Gray, Andy (2005). Gray Matters. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 0-330-43199-4.
Ferguson, Alex (2011). Managing My Life: My Autobiography. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 1-444-70910-0.
Manson, David (2005). Quotations from the Public Comments of Arsene Wenger: Manager, Arsenal. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-7535-1056-1.
Neville, Gary (2011). Red: My Autobiography. London: Random House. ISBN 0-5930-6559-X.
Specific
^ Jump up to: a b "Old foes, new rivalry". Manchester United F.C. 29 April 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Leach, Jimmy; Rice, Simon (29 April 2009). "The bitter rivalry between Arsenal and Manchester United". The Independent. London. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ferguson and Wenger 'are friends'". BBC Sport. 23 October 2004. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Palmer, Myles (24 October 2004). "Fergie owes knighthood to Wenger the 'flat-track bully'". The Observer. London. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Quiz: Manchester United v Arsenal: 14 red cards in the Wenger era – how many can you recall?". Eurosport. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ A Davies, Gareth (15 February 2008). "Arsenal heroes relish rivalry with Man Utd". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "9 reasons the Arsenal vs Manchester United rivalry has died a death in recent years". Daily Mirror. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "12 players who featured for both Arsenal and Manchester United – and where they performed best". The Telegraph. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip, Robert (5 February 2008). "Busby Babes' last – and finest – league game". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "'The Five Minute Final' stuns Manchester Utd". Arsenal F.C. 10 May 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "FA Cup Archive: Arsenal survive Cup scare". BBC Sport. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Northcroft, Jonathan (19 April 2009). "Rivalry renewed". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 15 August 2009. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mark (12 March 2011). "Battle Grounds: The history of Arsenal and United's emnity". The Independent. London. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Bierley, Stephen (22 October 1990). "FA to act over 21-man brawl". The Guardian. London. p. 16.
Jump up ^ Hart, Michael (25 September 2003). "1990 – the brawl to end them all". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Stuart (13 November 1990). "Arsenal and United count the cost". The Times. London. p. 40.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Louise (24 October 1990). "Graham is fined by Arsenal". The Times. London. p. 42.
^ Jump up to: a b Smyth, Rob (11 April 2008). "The Joy of Six: Manchester Utd v Arsenal showdowns". theguardian.com. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Neville 2011, p. 98.
Jump up ^ Trickett, Alex (23 November 2004). "Ferguson's defining moments". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Lacey, David (20 February 1997). "Wright in trouble as United pull away". The Guardian. London. p. 26.
Jump up ^ "Schmeichel faces racist abuse charge". The Independent. 21 February 1997. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Harris, Harry (27 February 1997). "Wright to end feud". The Mirror. London. pp. 40, 44.
Jump up ^ "Wenger incurs the wrath of Ferguson". The Independent. London. 6 April 1997. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Moore, Glenn (2 March 1998). "Now United can focus on Europe". The Independent. London. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Hayward, Paul (14 March 1998). "Wenger and the last roll of the dice". The Guardian. London. p. 40.
Jump up ^ "Bookmakers resume taking bets". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur. 13 March 1998. p. 16.
Jump up ^ "Overmars keeps title race alive". BBC News. 14 March 1998. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Holt, Oliver (18 May 1998). "Overmars provides the driving force". The Times. p. 31.
Jump up ^ Doyle, Paul (7 March 2015). "Arsène Wenger still haunted by that Ryan Giggs FA Cup goal in 1999". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Ferguson 2011, p. 361.
^ Jump up to: a b Holt, Oliver (7 August 1999). "'The celebrations begun by that goal will never stop". The Times. pp. 36–37.
^ Jump up to: a b c Holt, Oliver (15 April 1999). "Giggs wonder goal is final thrill". The Times. p. 52.
Jump up ^ Dickinson, Matt (15 April 1999). "Ferguson revels in poetic justice of United's win". The Times. p. 48.
^ Jump up to: a b Bevan, Chris (22 April 2013). "Golden years: The tale of Manchester United's 20 titles". BBC Sport. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Manchester United v Arsenal: 10 famous matches". Eurosport. 8 November 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ferguson to quit Man Utd in 2002". BBC Sport. 18 May 2001. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Kempson, Russell (18 July 2001). "United tried to poach unsettled Vieira, says Wenger". The Times. p. 30.
Jump up ^ Winter, Henry (5 February 2002). "Ferguson's U-turn delights United". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Winter, Henry (23 February 2007). "Eriksson forced Ferguson into U-turn". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal clinch Double". BBC Sport. 8 May 2002. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Wenger hails 'shift of power'". BBC Sport. 9 May 2002. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sir Alex Ferguson's best quotes". The Guardian. London. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Highbury title deadlock". BBC Sport. 16 April 2003. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Man Utd win Community Shield". BBC Sport. 10 August 2003. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Campbell charge deepens the rift". The Guardian. London. 20 August 2003. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b McCarra, Kevin (22 September 2003). "Title rivals are reduced to spiteful stalemate". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Eight charged after bust-up". BBC Sport. 24 September 2003. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal players banned". BBC Sport. 30 October 2003. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal 1–1 Man Utd". BBC Sport. 28 March 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Amy (4 April 2004). "United finally show mettle as Scholes delivers knockout blow". The Observer. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Community Shield on MOTD". BBC Sport. 21 July 2004. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Winter, Henry (9 August 2004). "Arsenal show there is life beyond Vieira". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Daniel (25 October 2004). "Soup thrown at Ferguson in tunnel fracas". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Russell (18 October 2004). "Wenger draws on fountain of Arsenal youth". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, Paul (17 October 2004). "Fergie: Arsenal a 'mob who get away with murder'". The Observer. London. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Sanghera, Mandeep (25 October 2004). "Did Riley get the big calls right?". BBC Sport. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Bartram, Steve (2 February 2010). "OT100 #83: Invincibles beaten". Manchester United F.C. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wenger steps up row with Ferguson". BBC Sport. 17 January 2005. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Kay, Oliver (26 October 2004). "FA aiming to shed light on what happened at end of the tunnel". The Times. Retrieved 27 August 2015. (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b c "Man Utd 1–0 Arsenal". BBC Sport. 1 December 2004. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Keane told Vieira: 'pick on me'". The Observer. London. 1 February 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal 2–4 Man Utd". BBC Sport. 1 February 2005. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal 0–0 Man Utd (aet)". BBC Sport. 21 May 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Amy (22 May 2005). "Vieira holds his nerve to claim historic penalty prize for Arsenal". The Observer. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wenger fears decade of Chelsea dominance". Wales Online. Cardiff. 20 May 2005. Retrieved 28 August 2017. Chelsea now look to be the third force, if not the first one at the moment, and that will make it more interesting.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Ian (2 November 2007). "Rebuilt rivals set for battle". BBC Sport. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Williams, Richard (2 January 2007). "Ferguson feeds critics a slice of humble pie, and it tastes good". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Fynn, Alex; Whitcher, Kevin (31 August 2008). "Young guns". The Observer. London. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (17 May 2014). "Arsenal 3–2 Hull City". BBC Sport. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Jackson, Jamie (4 November 2007). "Last-gasp Gallas does level best for Gunners". The Observer. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "United were a different class against Arsenal's 'children', says Evra". The Guardian. London. 6 May 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Daniel (9 December 2010). "Sir Alex Ferguson calls for end to sick chants aimed at Arsène Wenger". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
Jump up ^ McCarra, Kevin (1 May 2011). "Arsenal beat Manchester United to breathe new life into title race". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (1 May 2011). "Man Utd 4–2 Blackpool". BBC Sport. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Record Scorelines". Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (28 August 2011). "Arsene Wenger hurt by Arsenal 8–2 defeat at Man Utd". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Hafez, Shamoon (1 November 2012). "Man Utd v Arsenal: Robin van Persie brave to move – Silvestre". BBC Sport. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Adam, Marshall (27 November 2012). "Sir Alex: Van Persie signing evoked memories". Manchester United F.C. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal v Manchester United: Van Persie's guard of honour". BBC Sport. 28 April 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Patterson, Scott; Adams, Tom (17 November 2016). "United vs. Arsenal rivalry renewed as Wenger seeks to end Mourinho curse". ESPN. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Daniel (7 May 2017). "Arsène Wenger's decline drains rivalry with José Mourinho of poison". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Monreal thinks he's at a christening!'". BBC Sport. 7 May 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal v Man Utd set to be Premier League's first 'billion-pound game'". Eurosport. 1 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Holt, Oliver (7 May 1997). "Rivals bestow new title upon United". The Times. p. 48.
Jump up ^ "Full Arsenal league record, from 1893/94 to 2005/06". Arseweb.com. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Manson 2005, p. 89.
Jump up ^ "Wenger, in the words of others". FIFA.com. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Amy (1 October 2006). "French lessons: How Wenger changed English football". The Observer. London. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Samuel, Martin (14 August 2009). "Arsene Wenger Interview: The full transcript of Martin Samuel's fascinating meeting with the Arsenal manager – part II". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Wenger and Ferguson diaries". BBC Sport. 23 January 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Lawton, James (17 January 2005). "Ferguson's explosive attack lights Wenger's touch-paper". The Independent. London. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Ley, John (1 February 2005). "The bickering years". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, Jeremy (22 October 2013). "Arsène Wenger rift revealed in Alex Ferguson book". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sir Alex Ferguson and Arsene Wenger: their bitter football rivalry in words". The Daily Telegraph. London. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "The war of words". Sky Sports. 5 May 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Crick 2003, p. 585.
^ Jump up to: a b Stevenson, Jonathan (20 October 2004). "All in the mind". BBC Sport. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Williams, Richard (28 May 2009). "Barcelona's triumph holds hope for Arsène Wenger's brand of football". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Benammar, Emily (23 February 2009). "Arsenal lack balance in transfer dealings, says Manchester United's Alex Ferguson". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Alan, Richard (8 March 1998). "TV's Football Dinners". The Observer. London. p. B11.
Jump up ^ "The FA Cup, 2014–15, Man United v Arsenal". BBC. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Magic of the Cup? Manchester United complete decade of televised FA Cup ties". The Observer. London. 17 January 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Gray 2005, p. 254.
Jump up ^ Rookwood, Dan (9 May 2003). "Richard Keys". theguardian.com. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Wells, Matt (25 April 2003). "Niche TV overtakes big five in ratings battle". The Guardian. London. p. 7.
Jump up ^ "A history of the FA Cup". The Football Association. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sky: 20 years on .." BSkyB. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal v Manchester United broadcast live in 3D on Sky Sports". The Daily Telegraph. London. 31 January 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Fletcher, Paul (18 January 2007). "Singer Gray in commentary box". BBC Sport. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Keane and Viera Best of Enemies ITV4". ITV Press Office. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Arsenal's Head-to-Head comparison with Manchester United". Statto Organisation. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Honours". Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Trophy Room". Manchester United F.C. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "'We could have won 4–0,' says disappointed Patrice Evra". The Guardian. London. 30 April 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who is Liverpool FC's goalscoring nemesis?". Liverpool Echo. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2017. Rooney has scored 14 goals in total against Arsenal, his first two as an Everton player.
Jump up ^ Winter, Henry (25 October 2004). "Arsenal in a rage after Rooney's party piece". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ryan Giggs". StretfordEnd.co.uk. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chelsea 1 Arsenal 1". Chelsea F.C. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Murray, Scott (2 October 2015). "A brief guide to … the history behind Manchester United and Arsenal's rivalry". theguardian.com. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Smyth, Rob (2018). I'll See You Out There: Arsenal, Manchester United and the Premier League's Greatest Rivalry. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1-472-92028-7.
External links[edit]
Classic Football: Arsenal–Manchester United at FIFA.com
[show]
Arsenal Football Club
Players
Managers
Seasons
Under-23s/Academy
Records & statistics
Supporters
Ownership
Current season
History
1886 to 1966
1966 to present
Europe
Home stadium
Manor Ground (1888–1890 & 1893–1913)
Invicta Ground (1890–93)
Highbury (1913–2006)
Emirates Stadium (2006–present)
Training ground
UCL Ground
London Colney
Players
100+ appearances
25–99 appearances
1–24 appearances
Other teams
Arsenal Women
Rivalries
League record by opponent
North London derby
Chelsea rivalry
Manchester United rivalry
Media
Arsenal TV
The Arsenal Stadium Mystery
Fever Pitch
Related articles
Arsenal Supporters' Trust
The Invincibles
Tuesday Club
Affiliated academies
Barnet F.C.
Colorado Rapids
Hoang Anh Gia Lai
Richmond Strikers
Wadi Degla Sporting Club
Book:Arsenal F.C.
Category:Arsenal F.C.
Portal:Association football
Arsenal task force
Commons:Arsenal F.C.
[show]
v
t
e
Manchester United Football Club
Players
Managers
Reserves & Academy
Records & statistics
Current season
History
1878–1945
1945–1969
1969–1986
1986–2013
Seasons
Europe
Munich air disaster
Munich air disaster
Busby Babes
United
Home stadium
North Road (1878–1893)
Bank Street (1893–1910)
Old Trafford (1910–present)
Stretford End
Sir Matt Busby Way
Training ground
The Cliff
Trafford Training Centre
Players
100+ appearances
25–99 appearances
1–24 appearances
Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year
Rivalries
League record by opponent
Manchester derby
Liverpool rivalry
Leeds United rivalry
Arsenal rivalry
Supporters
Independent Manchester United Supporters Association
Manchester United Supporters' Trust
Red Army
Media
MUTV
MU Radio
Inside United
Red Issue
Red News
Related articles
Fergie's Fledglings
United Trinity
F.C. United of Manchester
Glazer ownership
Mascots
1915 British football betting scandal
Railway station
The Class of '92
Book:Manchester United F.C.
Category:Manchester United F.C.
Portal:Association football
Manchester United task force
Commons:Manchester United FC
[show]
v
t
e
Football rivalries in the United Kingdom
England
A49
A62
Arsenal–Manchester United
Aston Villa–West Bromwich
Black Country
Bolton–Wigan
Brighton–Crystal Palace
Bristol
Bristol Rovers–Swindon
Chelsea–Leeds United
Chester–Wrexham
East Anglia
East Lancashire
East Midlands
Derby–Leicester
Derby–Forest
Leicester–Forest
Essex
Humber
Leeds United–Millwall
Lincolnshire
Liverpool–Manchester United
London
Arsenal–Chelsea
Chelsea–Tottenham
Millwall–West Ham
North
South
East
West
M1
M69
Manchester
Merseyside
North East
Tees–Wear
Tyne–Tees
Tyne–Wear
Nottingham
Potteries
Roses
Rules
Second City
Severnside
South Coast
Steel City
West Country
West Lancashire
West Yorkshire
Wool City
Scotland
Aberdeen–Rangers
Ayrshire
Dundee
Edinburgh
Falkirk
Fife
Highland
Lanarkshire
New Firm
North
Old Firm
Renfrewshire
Tayside
Wales
Chester–Wrexham
Severnside
South Wales
Northern Ireland
Belfast Big Two
North Belfast
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsenal_F.C.–Manchester_United_F.C._rivalry&oldid=821803387"
Categories:
Arsenal F.C.
Manchester United F.C.
England football derbies
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Good articles
Use dmy dates from July 2012
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
فارسی
Français
日本語
Polski
Русский
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 January 2018, at 18:49.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: th

values: text-align:center;border-top: #aaa 1px solid;

values: Manchester United F.C.–Arsenal F.C. brawl (1990)

values: float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; width:265px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFEFD5;

values: float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; width:265px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFEFD5;

values: Edit section: 2003–04: Brawl and Cup semi-final meeting

values:
/wiki/Lauren_Etame_Mayer
mw-redirect
Lauren Etame Mayer

values: Edit section: 2004–05: Unbeaten run ends, tunnel fracas

values: Edit section: Television and radio broadcasts

values: Edit section: Footballers who have played for both clubs

values:
/wiki/Alexis_Sanchez
mw-redirect
Alexis Sanchez

values: border:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#EBD79B; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: wikitable plainrowheaders sortable jquery-tablesorter

values: sortable wikitable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

values: font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555

values: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics

values: background:#ef0107; color:white; border:1px solid #023474;;width:1%

values: List of Arsenal F.C. players (25–99 appearances)

values: List of Arsenal F.C. players (1–24 appearances)

values:
/wiki/Wadi_Degla_Sporting_Club
mw-redirect
Wadi Degla Sporting Club

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/Arsenal F.C. task force

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton1
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy

values: List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics

values: History of Manchester United F.C. (1878–1945)

values: History of Manchester United F.C. (1945–69)

values: History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–86)

values: History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)

values: Manchester United F.C. in European football

values: List of Manchester United F.C. players (25–99 appearances)

values: List of Manchester United F.C. players (1–24 appearances)

values: Manchester United F.C. league record by opponent

values: Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry

values: Leeds United F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry

values: Manchester United Football Ground railway station

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/Manchester United task force

values: Template:United Kingdom football derbies

values: Template talk:United Kingdom football derbies

values: Aston Villa F.C.–West Bromwich Albion F.C. rivalry

values: Bolton Wanderers F.C.–Wigan Athletic F.C. rivalry

values: Bristol Rovers F.C.–Swindon Town F.C. rivalry

values: Derby County F.C.–Leicester City F.C. rivalry

values: Derby County F.C.–Nottingham Forest F.C. rivalry

values: Leicester City F.C.–Nottingham Forest F.C. rivalry

values: Chelsea F.C.–Tottenham Hotspur F.C. rivalry

values: Millwall F.C.–West Ham United F.C. rivalry

values: East Stirlingshire F.C.–Falkirk F.C. rivalry

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: هماوردی آرسنال و منچستر یونایتد – Persian

values: Arsenal FC - Manchester United en football – French

values: アーセナルFC対マンチェスター・ユナイテッドFC – Japanese

values: Rywalizacja Arsenalu i Manchesteru United – Polish

values: Соперничество футбольных клубов «Арсенал» и «Манчестер Юнайтед» – Russian

values: Cạnh tranh giữa Arsenal F.C. và Manchester United F.C. – Vietnamese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Arsenal_F_C_–Manchester_United_F_C_rivalry rootpage-Arsenal_F_C_–Manchester_United_F_C_rivalry skin-vector action-view


text:
Total internal reflection
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Total internal reflection of a laser beam in a block of acrylic
Total internal reflection is the phenomenon which occurs when a propagated wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, the wave cannot pass through and is entirely reflected. The critical angle is the angle of incidence above which the total internal reflection occurs. This is particularly common as an optical phenomenon, where light waves are involved, but it occurs with many types of waves, such as electromagnetic waves in general or sound waves. When a wave reaches a boundary between different materials with different refractive indices, the wave will in general be partially refracted at the boundary surface, and partially reflected. However, if the angle of incidence is greater (i.e. the direction of propagation is closer to being parallel to the boundary) than the critical angle – the angle of incidence at which light is refracted such that it travels along the boundary – then the wave will not cross the boundary, but will instead be totally reflected back internally. This can only occur when the wave in a medium with a higher refractive index (n1) reaches a boundary with a medium of lower refractive index (n2). For example, it will occur with light reaching air from glass, but not when reaching glass from air.
Total internal reflection in a semi-circular acrylic block
Contents
[hide]
1 Optical description
2 Critical angle
3 Derivation of evanescent wave
4 Frustrated total internal reflection
5 Phase shift upon total internal reflection
6 Applications
7 Examples in everyday life
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Optical description[edit]
Total internal reflection of light can be demonstrated using a semi-circular block of glass or plastic. A "ray box" shines a narrow beam of light (a "ray") onto the glass medium. The semi-circular shape ensures that a ray pointing towards the centre of the flat face will hit the curved surface at a right angle; this will prevent refraction at the air/glass boundary of the curved surface. At the glass/air boundary of the flat surface, what happens will depend on the angle. If θc is the critical angle, then the following scenarios depict what will happen according to the size of the incident angle.
If θ ≤ θc, the ray will split; some of the ray will reflect off the boundary, and some will refract as it passes through. This is not total internal reflection.
If θ > θc, the entire ray reflects from the boundary. None passes through. This is called total internal reflection. TIR is the abbreviation.
This physical property makes optical fibers useful and prismatic binoculars possible. It is also what gives diamonds their distinctive sparkle, as diamond has an unusually high refractive index.
Critical angle[edit]
Illustration of Snell's law, n 1 sin  θ i = n 2 sin  θ t {\displaystyle n_{1}\sin \theta _{i}=n_{2}\sin \theta _{t}} .
The critical angle is the angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction is 90°. The angle of incidence is measured with respect to the normal at the refractive boundary (see diagram illustrating Snell's law). Consider a light ray passing from glass into air. The light emanating from the interface is bent towards the glass. When the incident angle is increased sufficiently, the transmitted angle (in air) reaches 90 degrees. It is at this point no light is transmitted into air. The critical angle θ c {\displaystyle \theta _{c}} is given by Snell's law,
n 1 sin  θ i = n 2 sin  θ t {\displaystyle n_{1}\sin \theta _{i}=n_{2}\sin \theta _{t}\quad } .
Rearranging Snell's Law, we get incidence
sin  θ i = n 2 n 1 sin  θ t {\displaystyle \sin \theta _{i}={\frac {n_{2}}{n_{1}}}\sin \theta _{t}} .
To find the critical angle, we find the value for θ i {\displaystyle \theta _{i}} when θ t = {\displaystyle \theta _{t}=} 90° and thus sin  θ t = 1 {\displaystyle \sin \theta _{t}=1} . The resulting value of θ i {\displaystyle \theta _{i}} is equal to the critical angle θ c {\displaystyle \theta _{c}} .
Now, we can solve for θ i {\displaystyle \theta _{i}} , and we get the equation for the critical angle:
θ c = θ i = arcsin  ( n 2 n 1 ) , {\displaystyle \theta _{c}=\theta _{i}=\arcsin \left({\frac {n_{2}}{n_{1}}}\right),}
If the incident ray is precisely at the critical angle, the refracted ray is tangent to the boundary at the point of incidence. If for example, visible light were traveling through acrylic glass (with an index of refraction of approximately 1.50) into air (with an index of refraction of 1.00), the calculation would give the critical angle for light from acrylic into air, which is
θ c = arcsin  ( 1.00 1.50 ) = 41.8 ∘ {\displaystyle \theta _{c}=\arcsin \left({\frac {1.00}{1.50}}\right)=41.8{}^{\circ }} .
Light incident on the border with an angle less than 41.8° would be partially transmitted, while light incident on the border at larger angles with respect to normal would be totally internally reflected.
If the fraction n 2 / n 1 {\displaystyle {n_{2}}/{n_{1}}} is greater than 1, then arcsine is not defined—meaning that total internal reflection does not occur even at very shallow or grazing incident angles.
So the critical angle is only defined when n 2 / n 1 {\displaystyle {n_{2}}/{n_{1}}} is less than or equal to 1.
Refraction of light at the interface between two media, including total internal reflection.
Derivation of evanescent wave[edit]
An important side effect of total internal reflection is the appearance of an evanescent wave beyond the boundary surface. Essentially, even though the entire incident wave is reflected back into the originating medium, there is some penetration into the second medium at the boundary. The evanescent wave appears to travel along the boundary between the two materials, leading to the Goos-Hänchen shift.
If a plane wave, confined to the xz plane, is incident on a dielectric with an angle θ I {\displaystyle \theta _{I}} and wavevector k I {\displaystyle \mathbf {k_{I}} } then a transmitted ray will be created with a corresponding angle of transmittance as shown in the figure above. The transmitted wavevector is given by:
k T = k T sin  ( θ T ) x ^ + k T cos  ( θ T ) z ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {k_{T}} =k_{T}\sin(\theta _{T}){\hat {x}}+k_{T}\cos(\theta _{T}){\hat {z}}}
If n 1 > n 2 {\displaystyle n_{1}>n_{2}} , then sin  ( θ T ) > 1 {\displaystyle \sin(\theta _{T})>1} since in the relation sin  ( θ T ) = n 1 n 2 sin  ( θ I ) {\displaystyle \sin(\theta _{T})={\frac {n_{1}}{n_{2}}}\sin(\theta _{I})} obtained from Snell's law, n 1 n 2 sin  ( θ I ) {\displaystyle {\frac {n_{1}}{n_{2}}}\sin(\theta _{I})} is greater than one for θ I > θ C {\displaystyle \theta _{I}>\theta _{C}}
As a result of this cos  ( θ T ) {\displaystyle \cos(\theta _{T})} becomes complex:
cos  ( θ T ) = 1 − sin 2  ( θ T ) = i sin 2  ( θ T ) − 1 {\displaystyle \cos(\theta _{T})={\sqrt {1-\sin ^{2}(\theta _{T})}}=i{\sqrt {\sin ^{2}(\theta _{T})-1}}}
The electric field of the transmitted plane wave is given by E T = E 0 e i ( k T ⋅ r − ω t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {E_{T}} =\mathbf {E_{0}} e^{i(\mathbf {k_{T}} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t)}} and so evaluating this further one obtains:
E T = E 0 e i ( k T ⋅ r − ω t ) = E 0 e i ( x k T sin  ( θ T ) + z k T cos  ( θ T ) − ω t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {E_{T}} =\mathbf {E_{0}} e^{i(\mathbf {k_{T}} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t)}=\mathbf {E_{0}} e^{i(xk_{T}\sin(\theta _{T})+zk_{T}\cos(\theta _{T})-\omega t)}}
and
E T = E 0 e i ( x k T sin  ( θ T ) + z k T i sin 2  ( θ T ) − 1 − ω t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {E_{T}} =\mathbf {E_{0}} e^{i(xk_{T}\sin(\theta _{T})+zk_{T}i{\sqrt {\sin ^{2}(\theta _{T})-1}}-\omega t)}} .
Using the fact that k T = ω n 2 c {\displaystyle k_{T}={\frac {\omega n_{2}}{c}}} and Snell's law, one finally obtains
E T = E 0 e − κ z e i ( k x − ω t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {E_{T}} =\mathbf {E_{0}} e^{-\kappa z}e^{i(kx-\omega t)}}
where κ = ω c ( n 1 sin  ( θ I ) ) 2 − n 2 2 {\displaystyle \kappa ={\frac {\omega }{c}}{\sqrt {(n_{1}\sin(\theta _{I}))^{2}-n_{2}^{2}}}} and k = ω n 1 c sin  ( θ I ) {\displaystyle k={\frac {\omega n_{1}}{c}}\sin(\theta _{I})} .
This wave in the optically less dense medium is known as the evanescent wave. It is characterized by its propagation in the x direction and its exponential attenuation in the z direction. Although there is a field in the second medium, it can be shown that no energy flows across the boundary. The component of Poynting vector in the direction normal to the boundary is finite, but its time average vanishes. Whereas the other two components of Poynting vector (here x-component only) and their time averaged values are in general found to be finite (i.e. nonzero).
When a glass of water is held firmly, ridges making up the fingerprints are made visible by frustrated total internal reflection. Light tunnels from the glass into the ridges through the very short air gap.[1]
It is important to note that the Goos-Hänchen effect only occurs for linearly polarized light[2]. If the light is circularly or elliptically polarized, it will undergo the analogous Imbert–Fedorov effect.
Frustrated total internal reflection[edit]
See also: Attenuated total reflectance
Under ordinary conditions, the evanescent wave transmits zero net energy across the interface. However, if a third medium with a higher refractive index than the low-index second medium is placed within less than several wavelengths distance from the interface between the first medium and the second medium, the evanescent wave will be different from the usual one, and it will pass energy across the second into the third medium. (See evanescent wave coupling.) This process is called "frustrated" total internal reflection (FTIR) and is very similar to quantum tunneling. The quantum tunneling model is mathematically analogous if one thinks of the electromagnetic field as being the wave function of the photon. The low index medium can be thought of as a potential barrier through which photons can tunnel.
The transmission coefficient for FTIR is highly sensitive to the spacing between the third medium and the second medium (the function is approximately exponential until the gap is almost closed), so this effect has often been used to modulate optical transmission and reflection with a large dynamic range.
Phase shift upon total internal reflection[edit]
A lesser-known aspect of total internal reflection is that the reflected light has an angle dependent phase shift between the reflected and incident light. Mathematically this means that the Fresnel reflection coefficient becomes a complex rather than a real number. This phase shift is polarization dependent and grows as the incidence angle deviates further from the critical angle toward grazing incidence.
The polarization dependent phase shift is long known and was used by Fresnel to design the Fresnel rhomb which allows one to transform circular polarization to linear polarization and vice versa for a wide range of wavelengths (colors), in contrast to the quarter wave plate. The polarization dependent phase shift is also the reason why TE and TM guided modes have different dispersion relations.
Applications[edit]
Mirror like effect
Total internal reflection is the operating principle of optical fibers[3], which are used in endoscopes and telecommunications.[4]
Total internal reflection is the operating principle of automotive rain sensors, which control automatic windscreen/windshield wipers.
Another application of total internal reflection is the spatial filtering of light.[5]
Prisms in binoculars use total internal reflection, rather than reflective coatings, to fold optical paths and show erect images.
Some multi-touch screens use frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a camera and appropriate software to pick up multiple targets.
Gonioscopy employs total internal reflection to view the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris[6][7].
A gait analysis instrument, CatWalk XT,[8] uses frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a high speed camera to capture and analyze footprints of laboratory rodents.
Optical fingerprinting devices use frustrated total internal reflection in order to record an image of a person's fingerprint without the use of ink.
A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope uses the evanescent wave produced by TIR to excite fluorophores close to a surface. This is useful for the study of surface properties of biological samples.[9]
Total internal reflection is the operating principle of LED Light Panels. This technology utilizes LGPs (Light Guide Plates) as the vehicle for transmitting light over large areas. By etching a grid pattern on the second surface of the LGP, frustrated total internal reflection occurs allowing the light to escape the LGP as visible illumination.
Diamonds shine brightly due to total internal reflection.
Total internal reflection (TIR) are used on lighting industry to manage narrow distribution (NEMA classification) for floodlight.
Examples in everyday life[edit]
Total internal reflection can be seen at the air-water boundary.
Total internal reflection can be observed while swimming, when one opens one's eyes just under the water's surface. If the water is calm, its surface appears mirror-like. Diamonds used for jewelry are normally shaped in such a way as to maximize the amount of light that is totally internally reflected from the back side of the diamond. [10]The very high refractive index of diamond gives a small critical angle allowing almost all the light entering the diamond to be reflected back for optimized diamond cuts such as the brilliant.
See also[edit]
Total external reflection
References[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C" (in support of MIL-STD-188).
Jump up ^ Ehrlich, Robert (1997). Why toast lands jelly-side down: zen and the art of physics demonstrations. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 182. ISBN 0-691-02891-5. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Xu, Yadong; Chan, C. T.; Chen, Huanyang (2015-03-03). "Goos-Hänchen effect in epsilon-near-zero metamaterials". Scientific Reports. 5 (1). Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E8681X. doi:10.1038/srep08681. ISSN 2045-2322.
Jump up ^ Boundless (2016-05-26). "Total Internal Reflection and Fiber Optics". Boundless.
Jump up ^ "BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Total internal reflection". Retrieved 2017-09-04.
Jump up ^ Moreno, Ivan; J. Jesus Araiza; Maximino Avendano-Alejo (2005). "Thin-film spatial filters" (PDF). Optics Letters. 30 (8): 914–916. Bibcode:2005OptL...30..914M. doi:10.1364/OL.30.000914. PMID 15865397.
Jump up ^ OD, By Emily Bruce, OD, Rodney Bendure, OD, Sarah Krein, OD, and Nathan Lighthizer,. "Zoom in on Gonioscopy". Retrieved 2017-09-04.
Jump up ^ "Gonioscopy - Glaucoma Associates of Texas". Glaucoma Associates of Texas. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
Jump up ^ "Gait analysis system and software for rodents | CatWalk". Noldus.com. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Axelrod, D. (1 April 1981). "Cell-substrate contacts illuminated by total internal reflection fluorescence". The Journal of Cell Biology. 89 (1): 141–145. doi:10.1083/jcb.89.1.141. PMC 2111781  . PMID 7014571.
Jump up ^ "Total Internal Reflection: Diamonds & Fiber Optics". laser.physics.sunysb.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Total internal reflection.
FTIR Touch Sensing
Multi-Touch Interaction Research
Georgia State University
Total Internal Reflection by Michael Schreiber, Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Total Internal Reflection – St. Mary's Physics Online Notes
Bowley, Roger (2009). "Total Internal Reflection". Sixty Symbols. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham.
TE,TM Reflection Coefficients – interactive phase and magnitude plots
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Total_internal_reflection&oldid=806357904"
Categories:
Physical optics
Geometrical optics
Glass physics
Dimensionless numbers
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from September 2017
All articles needing additional references
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Federal Standard 1037C
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from MIL-STD-188
Use dmy dates from October 2012
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Български
Català
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kreyòl ayisyen
Lietuvių
Magyar
മലയാളം
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Slovenščina
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 October 2017, at 14:05.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: small

value: tr

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Optical_phenomenon
mw-redirect
Optical phenomenon

values:
/wiki/Electromagnetic_waves
mw-redirect
Electromagnetic waves

values:
/wiki/Sound_waves
mw-redirect
Sound waves

values:
/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere
mw-redirect
Earth's atmosphere

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.207ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.053ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.53ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:17.189ex; height:5.009ex;

values: \sin \theta_i = \frac{n_2}{n_1} \sin \theta_t

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.908ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.398ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.49ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.605ex; height:6.176ex;

values: \theta_c = \theta_i = \arcsin \left( \frac{n_2}{n_1} \right),

values: vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.987ex; height:6.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.106ex; height:2.843ex;

values: Edit section: Derivation of evanescent wave

values:
/wiki/Evanescent_wave
mw-redirect
Evanescent wave

values:
/wiki/Goos-H%C3%A4nchen_shift
mw-redirect
Goos-Hänchen shift

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.169ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.378ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.278ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.043ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.497ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:20.9ex; height:5.009ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:10.576ex; height:5.009ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.868ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.47ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:43.77ex; height:4.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.989ex; height:3.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:49.521ex; height:3.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:38.465ex; height:4.343ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.486ex; height:4.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.65ex; height:3.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:27.035ex; height:5.009ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:16.363ex; height:4.676ex;

values: A hand holding a glass of water with fingerprints visible from the inside

values: Edit section: Frustrated total internal reflection

values:
/wiki/Evanescent_wave_coupling
mw-redirect
Evanescent wave coupling

values:
/wiki/Quantum_tunneling
mw-redirect
Quantum tunneling

values: Edit section: Phase shift upon total internal reflection

values:
/wiki/Fresnel_equation
mw-redirect
Fresnel equation

values:
/wiki/Dispersion_relations
mw-redirect
Dispersion relations

values:
/wiki/Prism_(optics)
mw-redirect
Prism (optics)

values: Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope

values: Copyright status of work by the U.S. government

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep08681

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1364%2FOL.30.000914

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15865397

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.noldus.com/catwalk

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.89.1.141

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7014571

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Federal Standard 1037C

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from MIL-STD-188

values: Category:Use dmy dates from October 2012

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Total_internal_reflection
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: انعكاس تام – Arabic

values: পূর্ণ আভ্যন্তরীন প্রতিফলন – Bangla

values: Пълно вътрешно отражение – Bulgarian

values: Ολική ανάκλαση – Greek

values: بازتاب کلی – Persian

values: Ներքին անդրադարձում – Armenian

values: पूर्ण आन्तरिक परावर्तन – Hindi

values: החזרה גמורה – Hebrew

values: ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂತರಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಫಲನ – Kannada

values: പൂർണ്ണ ആന്തരിക പ്രതിഫലനം – Malayalam

values: Внутреннее отражение – Russian

values: முழு அக எதிரொளிப்பு – Tamil

values: การสะท้อนกลับทั้งหมด – Thai

values: Повне внутрішнє відбиття – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Total_internal_reflection rootpage-Total_internal_reflection skin-vector action-view