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Ali Baba
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For other uses, see Ali Baba (disambiguation).
"Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" redirects here. For other uses, see Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (disambiguation).
Cassim in the cave by Maxfield Parrish (1909)
Ali Baba (Arabic: علي بابا ʿAlī Bābā ) is a character from the folk tale Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (علي بابا والأربعون لصا). This story is included in many versions of the One Thousand and One Nights, to which it was added by Antoine Galland in the 18th century. It is one of the most familiar of the "Arabian Nights" tales, and has been widely retold and performed in many media, especially for children, where the more violent aspects of the story are often suppressed.
In the story, Ali Baba is a poor woodcutter who discovers the secret of a thieves' den, entered with the phrase "Open Sesame". The thieves learn this and try to kill Ali Baba, but Ali Baba's faithful slave-girl foils their plots. Ali Baba gives his son to her in marriage and keeps the secret of the treasure.
Contents
[hide]
1 Textual history
2 Story
3 Classification
4 In popular culture
4.1 Adaptations in art, entertainment, and media
4.1.1 Audio dramas
4.1.2 Books and comics
4.1.3 Films
4.1.3.1 Animated films
4.1.4 Music
4.1.5 Television
4.1.6 Theatre
4.1.7 Video games
4.2 Business
4.3 Science
4.4 Military
4.4.1 Iraq War
5 Gallery
6 Notes
7 External links
Textual history[edit]
The tale was added to the story collection One Thousand and One Nights by one of its European translators, Antoine Galland, who called his volumes Les Mille et Une Nuits (1704–1717). Galland was an 18th-century French Orientalist who may have heard it in oral form from a Middle Eastern story-teller from Aleppo, in modern-day Syria. In any case, the earliest known text of the story is Galland's French version. Richard F. Burton included it in the supplemental volumes (rather than the main collection of stories) of his translation (published as The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night) and thought its origins were Greek Cypriot.[1]
The American Orientalist Duncan Black MacDonald discovered an Arabic-language manuscript of the story at the Bodleian Library;[2] however, this was later found to be a counterfeit.[3]
Story[edit]
Ali Baba and his elder brother Cassim are the sons of a merchant. After their father's death, the greedy Cassim marries a wealthy woman and becomes well-to-do, building on their father's business. Ali Baba marries a poor woman and settles into the trade of a woodcutter.
One day, Ali Baba is at work collecting and cutting firewood in the forest, and he happens to overhear a group of 40 thieves visiting their treasure store. The treasure is in a cave, the mouth of which is sealed by magic. It opens on the words "open sesame" and seals itself on the words "close sesame". When the thieves are gone, Ali Baba enters the cave himself and discreetly takes a single bag of gold coins home.
Ali Baba and his wife borrow his sister-in-law's scales to weigh their new wealth. Unbeknownst to them, Cassim's wife puts a blob of wax in the scales to find out what Ali Baba is using them for, as she is curious to know what kind of grain her impoverished brother-in-law needs to measure. To her shock, she finds a gold coin sticking to the scales and tells her husband. Under pressure from his brother, Ali Baba is forced to reveal the secret of the cave. Cassim goes to the cave, taking a donkey with him to take as much treasure as possible. He enters the cave with the magic words. But in his greed and excitement over the treasure, he forgets the words to get out again. The thieves find him there and kill him. When his brother does not come back, Ali Baba goes to the cave to look for him, and finds the body quartered and with each piece displayed just inside the cave's entrance, as a warning to anyone else who might try to enter.
Ali Baba brings the body home where he entrusts Morgiana, a clever slave-girl from Cassim's household, with the task of making others believe that Cassim has died a natural death. First, Morgiana purchases medicines from an apothecary, telling him that Cassim is gravely ill. Then, she finds an old tailor known as Baba Mustafa whom she pays, blindfolds, and leads to Cassim's house. There, overnight, the tailor stitches the pieces of Cassim's body back together so that no one will be suspicious. Ali Baba and his family are able to give Cassim a proper burial without anyone's asking awkward questions.
The thieves, finding the body gone, realize that yet another person must know their secret, and they set out to track him down. One of the thieves goes down to the town and comes across Baba Mustafa, who mentions that he has just sewn a dead man's body back together. Realizing the dead man must have been the thieves' victim, the thief asks Baba Mustafa to lead the way to the house where the deed was performed. The tailor is blindfolded again, and in this state he is able to retrace his steps and find the house. The thief marks the door with a symbol so the other thieves can come back that night and kill everyone in the house. However, the thief has been seen by Morgiana who, loyal to her master, foils the thief's plan by marking all the houses in the neighborhood similarly. When the 40 thieves return that night, they cannot identify the correct house, and their leader kills the unsuccessful thief in a furious rage. The next day, another thief revisits Baba Mustafa and tries again. Only this time, a chunk is chipped out of the stone step at Ali Baba's front door. Again, Morgiana foils the plan by making similar chips in all the other doorsteps, and the second thief is killed for his failure as well. At last, the leader of the thieves goes and looks himself. This time, he memorizes every detail he can of the exterior of Ali Baba's house.
The leader of the federation pretends to be an oil merchant in need of Ali Baba's hospitality, bringing with him mules loaded with 38 oil jars, one filled with oil, the other 37 hiding the other remaining thieves. Once Ali Baba is asleep, the thieves plan to kill him. Again, Morgiana discovers and foils the plan, killing the 37 thieves in their oil jars by pouring boiling oil on them. When their leader comes to rouse his men, he discovers they are all dead and escapes. The next morning, Morgiana tells Ali Baba about the thieves in the jars. They bury them, and Ali Baba shows his gratitude by giving Morgiana her freedom.
To exact revenge after some time, the leader of the thieves establishes himself as a merchant, befriends Ali Baba's son (who is now in charge of the late Cassim's business), and is invited to dinner at Ali Baba's house. However, the thief is recognized by Morgiana, who performs a sword dance with a dagger for the diners and plunges it into the thief's heart, when he is off his guard. Ali Baba is at first angry with Morgiana, but when he finds out the thief wanted to kill him, he is extremely grateful and rewards Morgiana by marrying her to his son. Ali Baba is then left as the only one knowing the secret of the treasure in the cave and how to access it.
Classification[edit]
The story has been classified in the Aarne–Thompson classification system as AT 676.[4]
In popular culture[edit]
Adaptations in art, entertainment, and media[edit]
Audio dramas[edit]
In 1981, an audio musical play was produced in the Soviet Union. The play proved to be extremely popular (Over three million records were produced) and a movie was made, adding video to the existing soundtrack.[citation needed]
Books and comics[edit]
Tom Holt's mythopoeic novel Open Sesame is based on characters from the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves.
In an Alvin comic book (Dell Comics #10, Jan.-Mar. 1965), The Chipmunks (Alvin, Theodore, and Simon) join eccentric scientist Dr. Dilby in his time machine. Their first stop is ancient Persia, where they meet Ali Baba and help him fight the 40 Thieves.
Although not a direct adaptation, the characters of Ali Baba, Cassim, and Morgiana as well as part of the concept of the Forty Thieves are featured in the ongoing Japanese manga series Magi. In 2012, this manga was adapted to anime.
Films[edit]
Ali Baba et les quarante voleurs is a 1902 short silent film directed by Ferdinand Zecca, and possibly the first film adaptation.
Ali Baba We El Arbeen Haramy (1942, in English" Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves) is an Egyptian movie adaptation, starring Ali AlKassar as Ali Baba and the comedian actor Ismail Yasin as his assistant.
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1944), remade as The Sword of Ali Baba (1965), reimagines the thieves as freedom fighters against Mongol oppression, and Ali Baba as their leader. Frank Puglia portrayed the character named Kassim in both versions.
Ali Baba et les quarante voleurs (1954) is a French film starring Fernandel and Samia Gamal.
Alibaba Aur 40 Chor is a 1954 Hindi/Urdu fantasy action film directed by Homi Wadia
Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956, in English: Alibaba and Forty Thieves) is a Tamil film starring M. G. Ramachandran.
Alibaba 40 dongalu (1970) is a Telugu film based on Ali Baba, starring N T Rama Rao and Jayalalitha.
Ali Baba Bujang Lapok (1960) is a Malaysian comedy film which quite faithfully adhered to the tale's plot details but introduced a number of anachronisms for humour, for example the usage of a truck by Kassim Baba to steal the robbers' loot.
Morgiana Abdulla (1970) is a Bengali film adaptation.[citation needed]
Ali Baba ve Kırk Haramiler (1971, in English: Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves) is a Turkish movie, starring Sadri Alışık as Ali Baba.
Ali Baba aur 40 Chor (1979), a Soviet-Indian joint film starring Dharmendra, Hema Malini, Rolan Bykov and Zeenat Aman, was largely based on this adventure tale.
A Bollywood film Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1980), starring Dharmendra, Hema Malini, and Zeenat Aman, was an Indo-Russian coproduction in which the original story line was slightly altered.
In the American/British television mini-series Arabian Nights (2000), the story is told faithfully with two major changes. The first is: when Morgiana discovers the thieves in the oil jars, she alerts Ali Baba and, together with a friend, they release the jars on a street with a steep incline that allows the jars to roll down and break open. Furthermore, the city guard is alerted and arrest the disoriented thieves as they emerge from their containers. Later, when Morgiana defeats the thief leader, Ali Baba, who is young and has no children, marries the heroine himself.
Ali Baba (2007) is a French telefilm starring Gérard Jugnot and Catherine Zeta-Jones (2007).
The story of Ali Baba was featured in Inkheart (2008). One of the 40 Thieves, named Farid (played by Rafi Gavron), is brought out of the story by Mortimer "Mo" Folchart and ends up becoming his ally.
Animated films[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A Popeye cartoon, Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves (1937), features Popeye meeting and defeating the titular group and their leader Abu Hassan (portrayed by Popeye's nemesis Bluto).
A Merrie Melodies Bugs Bunny/Daffy Duck cartoon, Ali Baba Bunny (1957), has a similar premise to the concept of the treasure-filled magical cave.
The story was adapted in the 1971 anime Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (アリババと４０匹の盗賊, Aribaba to Yonjuppiki no Tozoku), storyboarded by Hayao Miyazaki.
The Disney film Aladdin (1992) makes references to the story, as Genie names Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves in the song Friend Like Me.
In Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996), the 40 thieves play an integral part in the story. However, the story is very different from the original Ali Baba story, particularly Cassim's new role as Aladdin's father and the King of Thieves.
In the anime Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic (serialized since June 2009), Ali Baba appears as one of the main characters and one of Aladdin's friends. At some point in the show, he is shown as the leader of a gang of thieves called Fog Troupe. Morgiana is his loyal friend, whom Ali Baba freed from slavery, and Cassim is his friend from the slums, who is constantly jealous of Ali Baba and tries to bring him ill fate, when he can.
Music[edit]
Bing Crosby recorded the story on April 25, 1957,[5] linking the narrative with songs. This was issued as an album Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves in 1957.
The Beastie Boys reference Ali Baba in their song "Rhymin' and Stealin'" (1986).
The second track on "super group" Dark Lotus' album Tales from the Lotus Pod (2001) is titled "Ali Baba".
Television[edit]
Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child televised a "gender bender" version of Ali Baba in 1999, featuring the voices of Jurnee Smollett as a female Ali Baba, Tommy Davidson as Cassim, Marla Gibbs as the Grandmother, Will Ferrell as Mamet the Moocher, George Wallace as Baba Mustafa, and Bruno Kirby as the Great One.
In The Simpsons episode "Moe Goes from Rags to Riches" (January 29, 2012), Lisa is Scheherazade, who tells the story to Nelson Muntz as King Shahryar.
Elements of Ali Baba were featured in the second Dinosaur King series, from episodes 18 through 21. One of the most common elements of the story featured the 39 Thieves (one of its 40 members was out sick), and it featured the "Open Sesame" phrase.
Theatre[edit]
Poster for 40 Thieves at the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh, 1886
The story has been used as a popular pantomime plot for many years. An example of the "pantomime Ali Baba" was the pantomime/musical Chu Chin Chow (1916).
40 Thieves (1886) was a pantomime at the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh.
Ali-Baba (1887) is an opéra comique, with music by Charles Lecocq.
Badi-Bandar Rupkatha (বাঁদী-বান্দার রূপকথা) is a 2014 Bangladeshi theatrical dance adaption of Ali Baba and Forty Thieves organised by Srishti cultural centre and Nrityanchal. Many leading Bangladeshi dancers performed in the adaption such as Shamim Ara Nipa, Shibli Sadiq, etc.[6]
Video games[edit]
Ali Baba (1981) is a computer video game by Quality Software[7]
Ali Baba and 40 Thieves (1982), is an arcade video game by Sega
A version of Ali Baba appears in Sonic and the Secret Rings (2007), where he is portrayed by the character Tails.
Ali Baba's Wee Booties can be found in the video game Team Fortress 2 (2007) for the Demoman.
A gang of thieves known as the "Forty Thieves" appears in Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time (2013).
In Puzzle & Action: Treasure Hunt, there is a character named Alibabaroa, who is a robber, and lives in Aden, the first level.[8]
Futaba Sakura uses this name to contact the protagonist to learn more about The Phantom Thieves in "Persona 5" (2016)
Business[edit]
Alibaba Group of China used the name because of its universal appeal.[9]
Science[edit]
Zero-knowledge proofs are often introduced to students of computer science with a pedagogical parable involving "Ali Baba's Cave"[10].
Military[edit]
At the United States Air Force Academy, Cadet Squadron 40 was originally nicknamed "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" before eventually changing its name to the "P-40 Warhawks".
Iraq War[edit]
The name "Ali Baba" was often used as derogatory slang by American and Iraqi soldiers and their allies in the Iraq War, to describe individuals suspected of a variety of offenses related to theft and looting.[11] Additionally, British soldiers routinely used the term to refer to Iraqi civilians.[12] In the subsequent occupation, it is used as a general term for the insurgents, similar to Charlie for the Viet Cong in the Vietnam War.[13]
The Iraqis adopted the term "Ali Baba" to describe foreign troops suspected of looting.[14]
Gallery[edit]
A depiction of the Forty Thieves.
The Forty Thieves attack Cassim.
A member of the Forty Thieves tries to discover the location of the house of Ali Baba.
A member of the Forty Thieves marks the door of Ali Baba
Morgiana pays Baba Mustafa the Cobbler.
Morgiana pours boiling hot oil into the jars containing the infamous Forty Thieves.
Ali Baba presents treasures from the magical cave of Sesame to Morgiana.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Burton, R. F. Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night with Notes Anthropological and Explanatory. III, fasc. 2. p. 369. (n.)
Jump up ^ MacDonald, Duncan Black (April 1910). "'Ali Baba and the forty thieves' in Arabic from a Bodleian MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 327–386. JSTOR 25189681.
Jump up ^ Mahdi, Muhsin (1994). "Galland's Successors (chapter 2)". The Thousand and One Nights: From the Earliest Known Sources, Part 3, "Introduction and Indexes".
Jump up ^ Ashliman, D.L. (February 3, 2013). "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves". University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Leading Dancers to Present Ali Baba". Cinema.com.
Jump up ^ Barton, Matt (2007-02-23). "Part 2: The Golden Age (1985-1993)". The History of Computer Role-Playing Games. Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
Jump up ^ "二度あることはサンドアール - アニヲタWiki(仮) - アットウィキ". アニヲタWiki(仮) (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-09-28.
Jump up ^ "Alibaba’s IPO Filing: Everything You Need to Know - Digits - WSJ". blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Quisquater, Jean-Jacques; Guillou, Louis C.; Berson, Thomas A. (1990). "How to Explain Zero-Knowledge Protocols to Your Children" (PDF). Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO '89: Proceedings. 435: 628–631.
Jump up ^ Vasagar, Jeevan. "Court martial hears of drowned Iraqi's final moments". Retrieved April 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Norton-Taylor, Richard (September 21, 2009). "Baha Mousa inquiry: 'rotten' UK military blamed for death in army camp". Guardian.
Jump up ^ Fumento, Michael. "Back to Falluja: The Iraqi Army versus the Keystone Kops insurgency". Retrieved April 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Levin, Jerry (3 May 2003). "Will The Real Ali Baba Please Stand Up". CPT. Archived from the original on 11 April 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ali Baba.
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (e-text, in English, at Bartleby.com)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves at the Internet Movie Database
Arabian Nights at the Internet Movie Database
The Sword of Ali Baba at the Internet Movie Database
[show]
v
t
e
Ali Baba
Films
Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves (1937)
Ali Baba (1940)
Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1941)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1944)
Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1954)
Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956)
Ali Baba Bunny (1957)
Ali Baba Bujang Lapok (1960)
Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1966)
Ali Baba 40 Dongalu (1970)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1971)
Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1980)
Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996)
Operas
Ali-Baba (1887)
Video games
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (Quality Software)
Ali Baba and 40 Thieves (Sega)
Amusement rides
Ali Baba
[show]
v
t
e
One Thousand and One Nights
Translations
Les mille et une nuits (1704–1717)
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1885–1888)
Le livre des mille nuits et une nuit (1926–1932)
Stories
Aladdin
Ali Baba
The Fisherman and the Jinni
Sinbad the Sailor
The Three Apples
Characters
Fictional
Ali Baba
Badroulbadour
Old Man of the Sea
Scheherazade
Sinbad the Sailor
Historical
Barmakids
Harun al-Rashid
Hatim al-Tai
Ja'far ibn Yahya
Khosrow II
Abu Nuwas
Shirin
Zubaidah bint Ja`far
Films
The Thief of Bagdad (1924)
Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp (1939)
The Thief of Bagdad (1940)
Arabian Nights (1942)
La Rosa di Bagdad (1949)
The Thief of Bagdad (1952)
1001 Arabian Nights (1959)
The Thief of Baghdad (1961)
Aladdin's Magic Lamp (1966)
A Thousand and One Nights (1969)
Arabian Nights (1974)
Aladdin (1992)
The Thief and the Cobbler (1993)
Aladdin (2019)
(Also numerous Sinbad, Aladdin, and Ali Baba films)
Television
Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights (1994)
Arabian Nights (2000)
Arabian Nights (2015)
Music
Operas
Le calife de Bagdad (1800)
Abu Hassan (1811)
Ali Baba (Cherubini) (1833)
Der Barbier von Bagdad (1858)
La statue (1861)
Ali-Baba (Lecocq) (1887)
Mârouf, savetier du Caire (1914)
Other
Scheherazade Op. 35 (1888)
Aladdin (1918–1919)
Literature
"The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade" (1845)
New Arabian Nights (1882)
Slaves of Sleep (1939)
Dunyazadiad (1972)
Arabian Nights and Days (1979)
Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights (2015)
Lists
Characters
Stories (Burton translation)
Works influenced by ...
Related
Ghoul
Ifrit
Jinn
Magic carpet
Open Sesame
Roc (rukh)
Shahrokh
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text:
Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji
Genre
Soap opera
Written by
Shashi Sumeet Mittal
Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal
Amit Senchoudhary
Raghuvir Shekhawat
Vaishali Dinakaran
Directed by
Pushkar Mahabal
Yogesh Bhati
Starring
Rhea Sharma
Avinesh Rekhi
Neelu Vaghela
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
365
Production
Editor(s)
Jay B Ghadiali
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
22 min approx
Production company(s)
Shashi Sumeet Productions
Distributor
Star India
Release
Original network
Star Plus
Picture format
576i
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
3 April 2017 (2017-04-03) – 1 June 2018
Chronology
Preceded by
Diya Aur Baati Hum
External links
Hotstar
Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji (lit. You're the sun, I'm the twilight, beloved) is a 2017–2018 Indian television soap opera that aired on Star Plus. The series starred Rhea Sharma and Avinesh Rekhi. It was the sequel to the series Diya Aur Baati Hum.[1] Neelu Vaghela, Ashok Lokhande, and Kanika Maheshwari reprised their roles from that series.[2] The series premiered on 3 April 2017 and ended on 1 June 2018.[3] It was originally broadcast in the afternoon during the network's Star Dopahar programming block.[4] On 24 July 2017, the series was moved to prime time, replacing Star Plus's second-longest-running show, Saath Nibhaana Saathiya. It has been remade in Telugu as Agni Sakshi, which premiered on Star Maa on 4 December 2017.[5] The series has also been remade in Bengali as Ardhangini, which premiered on Star Jalsha on 8 January 2018, and in Kannada as Sarvamangala Mangalye, which aired on Star Suvarna.
Contents
1 Plot
1.1 Two years later
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.3 Guest star
3 References
4 External links
Plot[edit]
The series takes place twenty years after the events in Diya Aur Baati Hum. The story is based on the life of the children of Sooraj and Sandhya, focusing on their daughter, Kanak. Her grandmother, Bhabho, ignores and looks down upon Kanak because, according to her, Kanak is to blame for her parents' death. Later, upon realising her love for Kanak, Bhabho accepts her. Uma Shankar Toshniwal, a superstitious but good-hearted man, forcefully marries Kanak, believing that he has been directed to do so by a sign from Shiva.
Uma is a blind believer in morals taught by his greedy and hypocrite maternal aunt, Nanda Devi Modani, aka 'Maasi Saa'. Kanak sets off on a journey with Uma, who is her exact opposite, to teach him the greatest moral of life – humanity – while she is criticized by Palomi and repeatedly harmed by Maasi Saa, and later, her lewd son, Aditya.
In the process, Kanak falls in love with Uma after establishing herself as the perfect wife for him. In a subplot taking place in Bangkok, Uma and Kanak plot to expose Maasi Saa and Aditya, and prove that Palomi is alive. They succeed in doing so and are about to live happily, when Uma, for some unknown reason, shockingly marries Meera Mittal, daughter of a rich businessman, ditching Kanak.
Two years later[edit]
The story then takes a two-year leap, and Kanak eventually reappears in Uma's life, who is now shown as a successful business tycoon of the 'k and u' company. After a lot of misunderstandings, it is revealed that Uma still loves Kanak, and he was actually blackmailed and forced into marrying Meera to save his sister Suman's life. Meera becomes mad with jealousy and vows to destroy Kanak's life. She, alongside Aditya, tries many heinous ways to separate the duo, including attempting to marry off Kanak, but she fails every time and eventually is arrested, thanks to a cunning plan made by Kanak. Aditya also realises his mistake and has a change of heart, becoming loyal to his brother. Kanak and Uma are reunited. It is then that Maasi Saa comes out of jail with the continued desire to harm the protagonists.
Saras, Uma's sister, meanwhile suffers an unfortunate miscarriage, and seeing Uma's grief over the matter, Kanak and Aditya launch a bike ambulance service so that every emergency patient gets admitted to the hospital as quickly as possible. But this noble idea creates many enemies for Uma and Kanak from the very outset, and Dr. Parag, Dean of Pratistha Medical College, joins with Maasi Saa to cancel Uma's license so that he can use the idea to promote his own medical college and take the credit for himself. Kanak decides to study paramedics and become a doctor herself to save the license from being canceled and so that no one can label her as an amateur when she treats patients. After facing several hurdles and hindrances in Dr. Parag's college, she finally succeeds in revealing Dr. Parag's true nature in front of the public and gets him behind bars. It is revealed at this point that Maasi Saa was ill-treated by Dr. Parag while in jail, and she was planning for revenge ever since she got out of jail. She stops plotting against Uma and Kanak and becomes kind towards them.
Uma at this time receives a fake call and is attacked by goons, who also trash his bike ambulance. He recovers some months later, but loses his memory; to everyone's surprise, he turns into the same superstitious person he was before marrying Kanak. He asks Kanak to either choose him or to pursue the paramedics course, as he is against the idea of her studying. Kanak chooses to continue her dream of becoming a doctor. Uma supports her decision, and Aditya then reveals that it was Uma's plan all along to infuse some confidence and passion into Kanak, which she was lacking hitherto, and that he never lost his memory. With her husband at her side, the story finally ends on a happy note as Kanak sets off for her new career with the blessings of Bhabo and other elders.
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Rhea Sharma as Kanak Rathi – Sandhya and Sooraj's daughter, Ved and Vansh's younger sister and Uma's first wife (2017–2018)
Avinesh Rekhi as Uma Shankar Toshniwal (Uma) – Saraswati's elder brother, Aditya, Suman and Shiv's cousin, Kanak's husband and Meera's ex-husband (2017–2018)
Swati Kapoor as Saraswati Toshniwal (Saras) – Uma's younger sister and Vansh's wife (2017–2018)
Kabeer Kumar as Vansh Sooraj Rathi – Kanak's elder brother, Ved's younger brother and Saraswati's husband (2017–2018)
Mayank Arora as IPS Ved Sooraj Rathi – Vansh and Kanak's elder brother and Payal's second husband (2017–2018)
Shefali Singh Soni as Payal Aditya Modani / Payal Ved Rathi – Aditya's ex-wife and Ved's wife (2017–2018)
Neelu Vaghela as Santosh Arun Rathi (Bhabho) – Ved, Vansh, Mishri, Golu and Kanak's grandmother, Vikram and Sooraj's mother and Arun's wife (2017–2018)
Sadiya Siddiqui as Nanda Devi Modani (Maasi saa) – Uma's maternal aunt and Aditya's mother (2017–2018)
Ayush Anand as Aditya Modani (Adi/Vicky) – Maasi saa's son, Uma's cousin brother and Payal's ex-husband (2017–2018)
Recurring cast[edit]
Ashok Lokhande as Arun Rathi (Bhabasa) – Ved, Vansh, Mishri, Golu and Kanak's grandfather, Vikram and Sooraj's father and Santosh's husband (2017–2018)
Uday Nene as Golu Vikram Rathi – Kanak, Ved and Vansh's elder cousin, Mishri's younger brother, Vikram and Meena's son (2017)
Sheetal Pandya as Rani Golu Rathi – Golu's wife and Rathi family's ex-maidservant (2017–2018)
Kanika Maheshwari as Meenakshi Vikram Rathi (Meena) – Vikram's wife, Sooraj's sister-in-law, Mishri and Golu's mother, Ved, Vansh and Kanak's aunt and Pavan's maternal grandmother (2017)
Rajeev Singh as Vikram Arun Rathi – Sooraj's elder brother, Santosh and Arun's elder son, Meena's husband, Mishri and Golu's father, Ved, Vansh and Kanak's uncle and Pavan's maternal grandfather (2017)
Unknown as Pavan Rathi – Mishri's illegitimate son (2017)
Unknown as Purab Rathi – Kanak's cousin, Emily's son (2018)
Madhura Naik as Palomi – A girl who was favoured by Maasi Saa for Uma (2017–2018)
Hearty Singh as Shiv Toshniwal – Uma's younger cousin and Suman's younger brother (2017–2018)
Mazel Vyas as Suman Toshniwal – Uma's younger cousin and Shiv's elder sister (2017–2018)[6]
Unknown as Kaushalya Toshniwal (Maasa) – Uma and Saraswati's mother and Maasi Saa's elder sister (2017–2018)
Unknown as Gabbasa / Gagendra Singh – Uma's household's servant (2017–2018)
Vikas Grover as Arvind – Kanak's loyal friend (2017)
Urmila Sharma as Daisa – Rathi family's neighbour (2017)
Hetal Yadav as Payal's mother (2017–2018)
Kangna Sharma as Meera Mittal – Uma's second/divorced wife (2018)
Amit Singh Thakur as Yash Mittal – Meera's father (2018)
Unknown as Sumer Singh (2018)
Ankit Bathla as Akshay Khanna – Meera's partner, Arpita's younger brother and Kanak's ex-fiancé (2018)
Rishina Kandhari as Arpita Khanna – Akshay's elder sister, formerly an IPS officer then a politician (2017–2018)
Abhaas Mehta as Dr. Parag Bansal – Dean of Pratistha Medical College (2018)
Sanjai Gandhi as Divya Jyoti Prakash / Mausa Saa (Maasi Saa's fake husband) – Dr. Parag's elder brother (2018)
Honey Singh as Tiara – Kanak's classmate in the Pratistha Medical College, Aditya's love interest (2018)
Unknown as Chinmay – Kanak's classmate in the Pratistha Medical College (2018)
Aanchal Khurana as Madhavi – Kanak's professor at Pratistha Medical college (2018)
Guest star[edit]
Anas Rashid as Sooraj Rathi – Ved, Vansh and Kanak's father, who appeared in a dream sequence to motivate Kanak and also appeared in flashbacks.[2](2017)
Deepika Singh as Sandhya Sooraj Rathi – Ved, Vansh and Kanak's mother (in flashbacks only).[1](2017)
Gagan Malik – Bal Brahmachari. (2017)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "'Diya Aur Baati Hum' sequel to be titled 'Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji'". The Times of India. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Anas Rashid, a.k.a. Sooraj, to return to Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel, Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji". Hindustan Times. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "#StarPlusDopahar: Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji Hits The Television Screens Today!". FilmiBeat. 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
Jump up ^ "Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji To Replace Saath Nibhana Saathiya".
Jump up ^ "Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji To Replace Saath Nibhana Saathiya; Devoleena Undergoes Backbone Surgery". 28 June 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Vadodara school girl Mazel Vyas finds a slot in Diya Aur Baati Hum sequel". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
External links[edit]
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Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji
TV, Biwi aur Main
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text:
Age of marriage in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
General age of marriage (without parental or court approval or other exceptions taken into account)
18
19
21
Unlike most Western countries, half of the US states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. While in most US states, individuals age 18 have a right to marriage (with two exceptions—Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21)), all states allow minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone. In most states, children under 16 can be married too. In the 25 states [1] which have an absolute minimum age set by statute, this age varies between 13 and 17, while in 25 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met. Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute, the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states.[2] Over the past 15 years, more than 200,000 minors married in US, and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001.[3]

State
Minimum age
Notes
Statutory age when all exceptions are taken into account[2]
General age
Alabama[4] 16 18
Alaska[5] 14 18
Arizona[6] none 18 No minimum age with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent.
Arkansas[5] none 18
California[7] none 18 No minimum age with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent.
Colorado[5][8][9] none 18 No minimum age with judicial approval and parental consent.
Connecticut[10] 16 18 Since 2017, the minimum age is 16 with parental and judicial consent.[10]
Delaware[5] none 18
District of Columbia[5] 16 18
Florida[5] none 18 No minimum age in case of pregnancy[11]
Georgia[5] 16 18
Hawaii[5] 15 18 15 with parental or judicial consent.
Idaho[5] none 18
Illinois[5] 16 18
Indiana[12] 15 18 15 in the case of pregnancy with both parental and judicial consent.
Iowa[5] 16 18
Kansas[5] 15 18
Kentucky[5] none 18
Louisiana[5] none 18
Maine[5] none 18
Maryland[5] 15 18
Massachusetts[5] none[13] 18 Consent can be just judicial, but is normally both parental and judicial. In the absence of any statutory minimum age, one opinion is that the traditional minimum common law marriageable age of 12 for girls and 14 for boys may still be in effect.[14][15]
Michigan[citation needed][16] none 18 16 with parental consent
Minnesota[5] 16 18
Mississippi none 21 females 15–21 and males 17–21 can marry with parental consent alone[17]
Missouri[5] none 18 Parental consent required for ages 15–17. Judicial consent required below age 15.
Montana[5] 16 18
Nebraska[5] 17 19
Nevada[5] none 18
New Hampshire[18] 13 for females, 14 for males 18 In cases of "special cause" with parental consent and court permission.
New Jersey[citation needed] none 18 16 with parental consent and in case of pregnancy.
New Mexico[5] none 18
New York[19] 17 18 Since 2017, the minimum age is 17 with parental and judicial consent.
North Carolina 14 18
North Dakota[5] 14 18 14 With parental consent
Ohio[20] none 18 18 for males regardless of parental consent. 16 for females with parental consent, 18 for females without parental consent.[20]
Oklahoma[5] none 18
Oregon[5] 17 18 Consenting parent or guardian must accompany the applicant when applying for the marriage license.
Pennsylvania[citation needed] none 18 Under 16 years of age if a Judge of the Orphans Court "decides that it is to the best interest of the applicant and authorizes the issuance of the license."[21]
Rhode Island[5] none 18
South Carolina[5] 16 18
South Dakota[5] 16 18
Tennessee[5] none 18
Texas[22] 16 18 Since 2017, the minimum age is 18, however emancipated minors aged 16–17 have an exemption to legally marry.[23][24][25]
Utah[26] 15 18 15 with court approval and parental consent.
Vermont[5] 16 18
Virginia 16 18 In 2016, VA made 18 the minimum age; and 16 with court approval in special cases[27][28]
Washington[5] none 18 May be waived by superior court judge.[29]
West Virginia[5] none 18 No minimum with both parental and judicial consent
Wisconsin[5] 16 18
Wyoming[5] none 18
See also[edit]
Child marriage in the United States
Marriageable age
Minor (law)
Parental consent
References[edit]
Jump up ^ in 2017, Connecticut and Texas became the 24th and 25th states to set a minimum age [1] [2]
^ Jump up to: a b "Understanding State Statutes on Minimum Marriage Age and Exceptions". Tahirih Justice Center. November 2016. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/200000-children-married-us-15-years-child-marriage-child-brides-new-jersey-chris-christie-a7830266.html
Jump up ^ "Section 30-1-4: Minimum age for contracting marriage.". Code of Alabama. Alabama Legislature. 1975. Retrieved 2017-06-03. A person under the age of 16 years is incapable of contracting marriage.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "Marriage Laws of the Fifty States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico". Legal Information Institute. 2008-04-14. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "25-102. Consent required for marriage of minors". Arizona Revised Statutes. Arizona State Legislature. Retrieved 2017-06-03. Persons under eighteen years of age shall not marry without the consent of the parent or guardian having custody of such person. Persons under sixteen years of age shall not marry without the consent of the parent or guardian having custody of that person and the approval of any superior court judge in the state.
Jump up ^ "California Marriage Age Requirements Laws". findlaw.com. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Office of the Clerk and Recorder: Marriage & Recording / License Information / Marriage of Minors". City and County of Denver. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ C.R.S. Colorado Revised Statutes 14-2-106
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=HB05442&which_year=2017
Jump up ^ "Marriage Laws of the Fifty States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico". Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
Jump up ^ "IC 31-11-1: ARTICLE 11. FAMILY LAW: MARRIAGE". Indiana Code 2016. Indiana General Assembly. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Nonage minors; authorization of marriage", General Laws: Chapter 207, Section 25, Massachusetts General Court, retrieved 2017-06-03
Jump up ^ Richards, Victoria (2016-03-09). "Child marriage chart reveals girls can wed at 12 in some parts of the US - as lawmakers battle to raise age to 16". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ Hayden, Meg (2007-01-08). "Child Brides". Massachusetts Trial Court Law Libraries. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Section 551.103: MARRIAGE LICENSE (EXCERPT), Act 128 of 1887". Michigan Legislature. 2015. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Title 93 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS, Chapter 1 - MARRIAGE § 93-1-5 - Conditions precedent to issuance of license; penalty for noncompliance". 2013 Mississippi Code. Retrieved 2017-06-03. Every male who is at least seventeen (17) years old and every female who is at least fifteen (15) years old shall be capable in law of contracting marriage.
Jump up ^ "TITLE XLIII: DOMESTIC RELATIONS, CHAPTER 457: MARRIAGES, Age: Section 457:4". New Hampshire General Court. Archived from the original on 2008-02-02. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/20/us-new-york-governor-signs-anti-child-marriage-law "Human Rights Watch: NY State Marriage Laws Update 2016/2017". Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. June 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ohio’s Marriage Laws". Ohio State Bar Association. 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Title 23: CHAPTER 13, MARRIAGE LICENSE". Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved 2017-06-03. |
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Jump up ^ Tsui, Anjali (2016-07-08). "America's child marriage crisis: Virginia law tackles continuing issue". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
Jump up ^ "RCW 26.04.010 Marriage contract — Void marriages". Revised Code of Washington. Washington State Legislature. 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2017-06-03. Every marriage entered into in which either person has not attained the age of seventeen years is void except where this section has been waived by a superior court judge of the county in which one of the parties resides on a showing of necessity.
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