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Leaning Tower of Pisa
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Leaning Tower of Pisa
Torre pendente di Pisa
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Basic information
Location
Pisa, Italy
Geographic coordinates
43°43′23″N 10°23′47″E / 43.72306°N 10.39639°E / 43.72306; 10.39639Coordinates: 43°43′23″N 10°23′47″E / 43.72306°N 10.39639°E / 43.72306; 10.39639
Affiliation
Roman Catholic
Country
Italy
Website
www.opapisa.it
Architectural description
Architect(s)
Bonanno Pisano
Architectural style
Romanesque
Groundbreaking
1173
Completed
1372
Specifications
Height (max)
55.86 metres (183.3 ft)
Materials
marble
stone
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Part of
Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
Criteria
Cultural: i, ii, iv, vi
Reference
395
Inscription
1987 (11th Session)
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry.
The tower's tilt began during construction in the 12th century, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed in the 14th century. It gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0.06 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons).[1] The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,[2][3][4] but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees.[5] This means the top of the tower is displaced horizontally 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from the centre.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Architect
2 Construction
2.1 Timeline
2.2 Builders
3 History following construction
4 Alternative candidates
5 Technical information
6 Gallery
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Architect
There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano,[7] a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, famous for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town. A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. A 2001 study[8] seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa.
Construction
The Pisa Baptistery (in the foreground), the Pisa Cathedral (in the middleground), and the Leaning Tower of Pisa (in the background)
Leaning Tower of Pisa in 2004
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years. Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173 during a period of military success and prosperity. This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.[citation needed]
The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled.[citation needed] In 1198, clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.[citation needed]
In 1272, construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto. In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other. Because of this, the tower is curved.[9] Construction was halted again in 1284 when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.[citation needed]
The seventh floor was completed in 1319. The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372. It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower.[10] There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale. The largest one was installed in 1655.[citation needed]
After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening,[11] the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain.[12]
Timeline
On January 5, 1172, Donna Berta di Bernardo, a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria, bequeathed sixty soldi to the Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie. The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still form the base of the bell tower.[13]
On August 9, 1173, the foundations of the tower were laid.
Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: "Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in [this] year 1174 with Bonanno as sculptor, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa."
On December 27, 1233, the worker Benenato, son of Gerardo Bottici, oversaw the continuation of the construction of the bell tower.[14]
On February 23, 1260, Guido Speziale, son of Giovanni, a worker on the cathedral Santa Maria Maggiore, was elected to oversee the building of the tower.[15]
On April 12, 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble. The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale, worker of St. Francesco.[16]
Giorgio Vasari indicated that Tommaso di Andrea Pisano was the designer of the belfry[17] between 1360 and 1370.
Builders
One possible known builder of Pisa Tower was Gerardo di Gerardo. His name appears as a witness to the above legacy of Berta di Bernardo as "Master Gerardo", and as a worker whose name was Gerardo.[citation needed]
A more probable builder was Diotisalvi, because of the construction period and the structure's affinities with other buildings in Pisa, but he usually signed his works, and there is no signature by him in the bell tower.[citation needed]
Giovanni di Simone was known to be heavily involved in the completion of the tower, under the direction of Giovanni Pisano, who at the time was master builder of the Opera di Santa Maria Maggiore. Di Simone could be the same Giovanni Pisano who completed the belfry tower.[citation needed]
History following construction
Plaque in memory of Galileo Galilei's experiments
Galileo Galilei is said to have dropped two cannonballs of different masses from the tower to demonstrate that their speed of descent was independent of their mass. However, the only primary source for this is the biography Racconto istorico della vita di Galileo Galilei (Historical Account of the Life of Galileo Galilei), written by Galileo's secretary Vincenzo Viviani and published in 1717, long after Viviani's death.[18][19]
During World War II, the Allies suspected that the Germans were using the tower as an observation post. A U.S. Army sergeant sent to confirm the presence of German troops in the tower was impressed by the beauty of the cathedral and its campanile, and thus refrained from ordering an artillery strike, sparing it from destruction.[20][21]
Lead counterweights, 1998
Numerous efforts have been made to restore the tower to a vertical orientation or at least keep it from falling over. Most of these efforts failed; some worsened the tilt. On February 27, 1964, the government of Italy requested aid in preventing the tower from toppling. It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa.[22]
A multinational task force of engineers, mathematicians, and historians gathered on the Azores islands to discuss stabilisation methods. It was found that the tilt was increasing in combination with the softer foundations on the lower side. Many methods were proposed to stabilise the tower, including the addition of 800 tonnes of lead counterweights to the raised end of the base.[23]
The tower and the neighbouring cathedral, baptistery, and cemetery are included in the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was declared in 1987.[24]
The tower was closed to the public on January 7, 1990, after more than two decades of stabilisation studies and spurred by the abrupt collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia in 1989. The bells were removed to relieve some weight, and cables were cinched around the third level and anchored several hundred meters away. Apartments and houses in the path of the tower were vacated for safety. The solution chosen to prevent the collapse of the tower was to slightly straighten it to a safer angle by removing 38 cubic metres (1,342 cubic feet) of soil from underneath the raised end. The tower was straightened by 45 centimetres (17.7 inches), returning to its 1838 position. After a decade of corrective reconstruction and stabilization efforts, the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001 and was declared stable for at least another 300 years.[23] In total, 70 metric tons (77 short tons) of earth were removed.[25]
In May 2008, engineers announced that the tower had been stabilized such that it had stopped moving for the first time in its history. They stated that it would be stable for at least 200 years.[25]
Alternative candidates
Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen.[26] Guinness World Records measured the Pisa and Suurhusen towers, finding the former's tilt to be 3.97 degrees.[27] In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the "World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower".[28] The Capital Gate tower has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower; however the Capital Gate tower has been deliberately engineered to slant. The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground.[29]
Technical information
An elevation image of the Leaning Tower of Pisa cut with laser scan data from a University of Ferrara/CyArk research partnership, with source image accurate down to 5 mm (0.2 in). This elevation shows the interesting quandary facing the campanile. The circular shape and great height (currently 55.86 m (183 ft 3.21 in) on the lowest side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11.10 in) m on the highest) of the campanile were unusual for their time, and the crowning belfry is stylistically distinct from the rest of the construction. This belfry incorporates a 14 cm (5.5 in) correction for the inclined axis below. The siting of the campanile within the Piazza del Duomo diverges from the axial alignment of the cathedral and baptistery of the Piazza del Duomo
Elevation of Piazza del Duomo: about 2 metres (6 feet, DMS)
Height from the ground floor: 55.863 metres (183 ft 3 in), 8 stories
Height from the foundation floor: 58.36 m (191 ft 5.64 in)
Outer diameter of base: 15.484 metres (50 ft 9.6 in)
Inner diameter of base: 7.368 metres (24 ft 2.1 in)
Angle of slant: 3.97 degrees[27] or 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from the vertical[30]
Weight: 14,700 metric tons (16,200 short tons)
Thickness of walls at the base: 2.44 metres (8 ft 0 in)
Total number of bells: 7, tuned to musical scale, clockwise
1st bell: L'Assunta, cast in 1654 by Giovanni Pietro Orlandi, weight 3,620 kg (7,981 lb)
2nd bell: Il Crocifisso, cast in 1572 by Vincenzo Possenti, weight 2,462 kg (5,428 lb)
3rd bell: San Ranieri, cast in 1719–1721 by Giovanni Andrea Moreni, weight 1,448 kg (3,192 lb)
4th bell: La Terza (1st small one), cast in 1473, weight 300 kg (661 lb)
5th bell: La Pasquereccia or La Giustizia, cast in 1262 by Lotteringo, weight 1,014 kg (2,235 lb)
6th bell: Il Vespruccio (2nd small one), cast in the 14th century and again in 1501 by Nicola di Jacopo, weight 1,000 kg (2,205 lb)
7th bell: Dal Pozzo, cast in 1606 and again in 2004, weight 652 kg (1,437 lb)[31]
Number of steps to the top: 296[32]
About the 5th bell: The name Pasquareccia comes from Easter, because it used to ring on Easter day. However, this bell is older than the bell-chamber itself, and comes from the tower Vergata in Palazzo Pretorio in Pisa, where it was called La Giustizia (The Justice). The bell was tolled to announce executions of criminals and traitors, including Count Ugolino in 1289.[33] A new bell was installed in the bell tower at the end of the 18th century to replace the broken Pasquareccia.
Gallery
View looking up
Entrance door to the bell tower
External loggia
Inner staircase from sixth to seventh floor
Inner staircase from seventh to eighth (the top) floor
View from the top
Assunta bell
Pasquareccia bell
View, looking down from the top
A popular photo opportunity with tourists is to pose as if one was either holding up or pushing over the tower
See also
Leaning Temple of Huma – Only leaning temple in the world
List of leaning towers
Leaning Tower of Niles, a replica of the Tower of Pisa
Leaning Tower of Zaragoza, was a famous European leaning tower
Great Mosque of al-Nuri (Mosul), an ancient leaning tower that stood until 2017
Machang, Kelantan – home to another leaning tower
Round tower (disambiguation), for other types of round towers
The Greyfriars Tower – the remains of a Franciscan monastery in King's Lynn, nicknamed "The Leaning Tower of Lynn"
Torre delle Milizie, a tilting medieval tower in Rome
Tour de Pise, a rock dome in Antarctica, was named after this tower
References
Jump up ^ "Leaning Tower of Pisa Facts". Leaning Tower of Pisa. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Europe | Saving the Leaning Tower". BBC News. December 15, 2001. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Tower of Pisa". Archidose.org. June 17, 2001. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Leaning Tower of Pisa (tower, Pisa, Italy) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "E la Torre di Pisa non oscilla più". Scienze.TV. May 28, 2008. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ tan(3.99 degrees) * (55.86 m + 56.70 m)/2 = 3.9 m
Jump up ^ Controversy about the identity of the architect Archived August 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Pierotti, Piero. (2001). Deotisalvi – L'architetto pisano del secolo d'oro. Pisa: Pacini Editore
Jump up ^ McLain, Bill (1999). Do Fish Drink Water?. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. pp. 291–292. ISBN 0-688-16512-5.
Jump up ^ G. Barsali (1999), Pisa. History and masterpieces, Bonechi, p. 18, ISBN 8872041880
Jump up ^ A profile of an engineer employed to straighten the tower Ingenia, March 2005
Jump up ^ Restoration work is mentioned at the official website of the square
Jump up ^ Capitular Record Offices of Pisa, parchment n. 248
Jump up ^ Public Record Offices of Pisa, Opera della Primaziale, December 27, 1234
Jump up ^ Public Record Offices of Pisa, Opera della Primaziale, February 23, 1260
Jump up ^ Public Record Offices of Pisa, Roncioni, April 12, 1265.
Jump up ^ Giorgio Vasari, Jean Paul Richter (1855), Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, H. G. Bohn, p. 153
Jump up ^ "Sci Tech : Science history: setting the record straight". The Hindu. June 30, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Vincenzo Viviani on museo galileo
Jump up ^ Shrady, Nicholas (2003): Tilt: a skewed history of the Tower of Pisa
Jump up ^ "Why I spared the Leaning Tower of Pisa". The Guardian. January 12, 2000. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Securing the Lean In Tower of Pisa". The New York Times. November 1, 1987.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tipping the Balance". TIME Magazine. June 25, 2001.
Jump up ^ "Piazza del Duomo, Pisa". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Duff, Mark (May 28, 2008). "Europe | Pisa's leaning tower 'stabilised'". BBC News. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Sunday Telegraph no 2,406- July 22, 2007
^ Jump up to: a b "German steeple beats Leaning Tower of Pisa into Guinness book". The Raw Story. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Not so fast, Pisa! UAE lays claim to world's furthest leaning tower". CNN news. June 7, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ 'Leaning and tumbling towers' on Puzzling World website, viewed 2011-07-30
Jump up ^ tan(3.97 degrees) * (55.86m + 56.70m)/2 = 3.9m
Jump up ^ "Leaning Tower of Pisa: 1920's Photo of Dal Pozzo". www.endex.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Davies, Andrew (2005). The Children's Visual World Atlas. Sydney, Australia: The Fog Press. ISBN 1-74089-317-4.
Jump up ^ "Torre pendente" (in Italian). Lucca turismo. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leaning Tower (Pisa).
Opera della Primaziale Pisana — official site
Piazza dei Miracoli digital media archive (Creative Commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a University of Ferrara/CyArk research partnership, includes 3D scan data from Leaning Tower.
Leaning Tower of Pisa at Structurae
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text:
Carolyn Colvin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Carolyn Colvin
Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
Acting
In office
January 19, 2013 – January 20, 2017
President
Barack Obama
Preceded by
Michael Astrue
Succeeded by
Nancy Berryhill (Acting)
Personal details
Born
(1942-05-27) May 27, 1942 (age 75)
Arnold, Maryland, U.S.
Political party
Democratic
Education
Morgan State University (BS, MBA)
Carolyn W. Colvin (born May 27, 1942 in Arnold, Maryland) was the Acting Commissioner of Social Security Administration in the United States, appointed on February 14, 2013, having succeeded Michael J. Astrue. On June 20, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated her to serve as the commissioner.[1] On September 18, 2014, the United States Senate Committee on Finance approved her nomination by a 22–2 vote.[2]
Previously, she was the Deputy Commissioner, having been nominated by Obama and confirmed by the United States Senate in 2010. She had previously worked at the Social Security Administration during the 1990s.[3][4]
Colvin is a graduate of Morgan State University with a BS in Business Administration and an MBA. She has one son and six grandchildren.
Career[edit]
Colvin has had a wide range of public sector experience.
Secretary of the Maryland Department of Human Resources (1989–1994)
Deputy Commissioner for Policy and External Affairs, Social Security Administration (1994–1996)
Deputy Commissioner for Programs and Policy, Social Security Administration (1996–1998)
Deputy Commissioner for Operations, Social Security Administration (1998–2001)
Director of the District of Columbia Department of Human Services (2001–2003)
Director of the Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services (2003–2007)
chief executive officer of AMERIGROUP Community Care of the District of Columbia (2007–2008)
Special Assistant to the Secretary of Maryland Department of Transportation (2009–2011)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Obama to Nominate Colvin to Lead Social Security Administration". Wall Street Journal. June 20, 2014. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Finance Committee Approves Carolyn Colvin for Social Security Commissioner".
Jump up ^ "Social Security Press Release".
Jump up ^ "Carolyn Colvin, Commissioner (acting)" By Jody Brannon in National Journal http://www.nationaljournal.com/decision-makers/government-operations/carolyn-colvin-commissioner-acting-20130714
External links[edit]
The Acting Commissioner of Social Security
Carolyn W. Colvin-Former Secretaries-Department of Human Resources-Maryland Manual On-Line
Political offices
Preceded by
Michael Astrue Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
Acting
2013–2017 Succeeded by
Nancy Berryhill
Acting
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text:
Liam O'Brien
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the American voice actor. For other uses, see Liam O'Brien (disambiguation).
Liam O'Brien
O'Brien in 2009
Born
Liam Christopher O'Brien
(1976-05-28) May 28, 1976 (age 41)
Weehawken, New Jersey[1]
Residence
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Alma mater
New York University Tisch School of the Arts[2][1]
Occupation
Voice actor, ADR writer, voice director
Years active
2001–present
Notable credit(s)
Naruto
as Gaara
Spouse(s)
Amy Kincaid
Children
2[3][2]
Liam Christopher O'Brien (born May 28, 1976)[4][1] is an American voice actor, writer and voice director in the Los Angeles area. He has been involved in many English-language adaptations of Japanese anime, and is also a regular in numerous video games and cartoons. His major anime roles include Gaara in Naruto, Captain Jushiro Ukitake in Bleach, Lloyd in Code Geass, and Kenzo Tenma in Monster. In cartoons, he voices in shows such as Star Wars Rebels, Transformers: Robots in Disguise, Avengers Assemble, Wolverine and the X-Men, and Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.. In video games, he voiced Gollum in Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor, Caius Ballad in Final Fantasy XIII-2, War in Darksiders, Asura in Asura's Wrath, Illidan Stormrage in World of Warcraft, Yasuo in League of legends, the Warden in For Honor, Baker in Titanfall 2 and most recently, Infinite in Sonic Forces. He has directed for Naruto, The Last of Us, Evolve, Resident Evil 5, and Resident Evil 6.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Personal life
3 Filmography
3.1 Anime
3.2 Animation
3.3 Film
3.4 Other dubbing
3.5 Video games
3.6 Live action
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Biography[edit]
O'Brien grew up in Weehawken, New Jersey. His mother Lois Wiltse O'Brien worked as an educator and as a quality assurance trainer and consultant.[6] He started getting into acting in high school. After attending New York University Tisch School of the Arts, he worked in theater on various productions around the country.[1][7][8] While working on a production of Romeo & Juliet in Cincinnati, he met Crispin Freeman, who helped him get into voice-over in cartoons and anime back in New York City.[2]
O'Brien's characters have varied in terms of styles. He affirms that he plays characters that are typically insane or evil geniuses, although he has also voiced comedic characters such as Fukuyama in Girls Bravo where he said he would "break out in a sweat matching his level of nuttiness". He describes Cumoire from Tales of Vesperia as "slightly unhinged". In Darksiders, he voices the lead character War, one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. He describes his voicing as deeper than his usual voice, and that he portrayed him as a fairly old soul who isn't surprised at the events around him. In the video game-based film Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children he voiced Red XIII.[2]
In addition to voice acting, O'Brien has worked as a voice director and writer on various video games and anime shows.[2] He also participates in a web series called Critical Role, where various actors band together to play Dungeons & Dragons.[5][9]
Personal life[edit]
O'Brien married fellow voice actress Amy Kincaid in 2002. They have two children.[10] O'Brien also has a sister named Cara.[6]
Filmography[edit]
Anime[edit]
List of voice performances in anime
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, Notes
Source
000000002001-01-01-00002001 Boogiepop Phantom Yoji Suganuma, others
000000002001-01-01-00002001 Gokudo Tei
000000002002-01-01-00002002 His and Her Circumstances Hideki Asaba, Fukada Kohei
000000002002-01-01-00002002 Revolutionary Girl Utena Mamiya Chida
000000002003-01-01-00002003 Figure 17 Toru
000000002003-01-01-00002003 DNA² Junta Momonari
000000002003-01-01-00002003 K.O. Beast Bud Mint
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Yukikaze Various characters
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Texhnolyze Man C
000000002004-01-01-00002004 .hack//Legend of the Twilight Tom
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Gad Guard Truck Driver
000000002004-01-01-00002004 R.O.D. Various characters Also as William Markham [11]
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Various characters
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Paranoia Agent Mitsuhiro Maniwa, Man on Phone 2
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Comic Party Taishi Kuhonbutsu
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Gungrave Executive A, Researcher, Sam
000000002004-01-01-00002004 Marmalade Boy Akira Mizutani, Alex
000000002005-06-21-00002005 Girls Bravo Kazuharu Fukuyama [2][12]
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Rumiko Takahashi Anthology Ryuichi, Mover, Odagiri, Zashiki Warashi, Gorgeous
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Samurai Champloo Young Yamane, Eel Shop Owner, others
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Daphne in the Brilliant Blue Various characters
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Koi Kaze Kei Odagiri, Man, Friend A
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Duel Masters: Season 2 Shobu Kirifuda
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Tenjho Tenge Shin Natsume
000000002005-01-01-00002005 The Melody of Oblivion Horu, Person of the Cape
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Mermaid Forest Yuta, others
000000002005-01-01-00002005 DearS Various characters
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Ghost Talker's Daydream Various characters
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Naruto Gaara, Kotetsu Hagane
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG Gino, others
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo Andrea Cavalcanti
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Saiyuki Reload Various characters
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Scrapped Princess Furet
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Leave it to Piyoko! Thin Blob OVA
000000002006-02-14-00002006–07 Haré+Guu Dr. Clive [13][14]
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Boys Be... Makoto Kurumizawa Voice director and script writer [15]
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Kannazuki no Miko Tsubasa
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Saiyuki Reload Gunlock Rin's Captor, Subordinate
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Gun Sword Ray Lundgren, Wild Bunch C
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Kamichu! Shika, Inu Osho, Konoha Kamaitachi, others
000000002006-01-01-00002006 The Prince of Tennis Various characters
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Fate/stay night Archer
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Ergo Proxy Vincent Law
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Paradise Kiss Various characters
000000002007-01-01-00002007 Blue Dragon Dolsk
000000002007-01-01-00002007 To Heart Various characters
000000002007-01-01-00002007 Cutie Honey Seiji's Contact live-action dub
000000002007-01-01-00002007 The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya Baseball Team Captain
000000002007-01-01-00002007 The Third: The Girl With the Blue Eye Various characters [16]
000000002007-01-01-00002007 Phoenix Ohtomo
000000002008-01-01-00002008 Code Geass series Lloyd Asplund
000000002008-01-01-00002008 Buso Renkin Gota Nakamura, Hideki Okakura
000000002009-01-01-00002009–10 Monster Kenzo Tenma
000000002010-01-01-00002010 Slayers series Rezo Revolution and Evolution-R [17][18]
000000002013-04-20-00002013 Nura: Rise of the Yokai Clan - Demon Capital Hidemoto Keikain [19]
000000002013-09-07-00002013–15 Digimon Fusion Deckergreymon, Neptunmon, Mercurymon, others [11]
000000002013-11-05-00002013 Fate/Zero Kariya Matou [11]
000000002014-11-11-00002014–15 Sailor Moon Nephrite Viz dub [20]
000000002015-04-24-00002015 Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin Gihren Zabi [21][22][23]
000000002015-11-20-00002015 Sailor Moon Crystal Nephrite [24]
000000002016-12-27-00002016 Sengoku Basara: End of Judgement Ieyasu Tokugawa [25]

Animation[edit]
List of voice performances in animation
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, Notes
Source[26]
000000002008-09-06-00002008–09 Wolverine and the X-Men Warren Worthington III/Angel/Archangel, Nightcrawler, Nitro [2]
000000002010-01-01-00002010 G.I. Joe: Renegades Captain Anatoly Krimov/Red Star, others Ep. "Union of the Snake" [11]
000000002013-01-01-00002013–17 Avengers Assemble Red Skull/Iron Skull, Doctor Strange, Blood Brother #2, Skully, Skull-Net, various others [11][27][28][29][30][30]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel Red Skull [11]
000000002014-06-22-00002014–15 Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Arkon, Red Skull, others [11][31]
000000002014-06-26-00002014 Regular Show Tango Ep. "Gold Watch" [11]
000000002014-10-03-00002014–17 Star Wars Rebels Supply Master Yogar Lyste, Morad Sumar, others [11][32]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 Transformers: Robots in Disguise Underbite, Kickback, others [11]
000000002016-02-28-00002016 Ultimate Spider-Man Doctor Strange Ep. "Miles from Home" [11][33]
000000002016-06-20-00002016 Pickle and Peanut Head Mannequin Ep. "Bats/Movie Camp Out" [34]

Film[edit]
List of voice performances in direct-to-video and television films
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, Notes
Source
000000002005-01-01-00002005 Aquarian Age the Movie Lancelot Army Commander
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Patlabor: The Movie Det. Kataoka Bandai Visual dub
000000002006-04-25-00002006 Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children Red XIII [11]
000000002009-01-01-00002009 Afro Samurai: Resurrection Shichigoro [11]
000000002010-01-01-00002010 Planet Hulk Hiroim [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 Sengoku Basara: The Last Party Ieyasu Tokugawa [11]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time Aquaman, Batwing Computer [11]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 Iron Man & Captain America: Heroes United Red Skull [11]
000000002015-02-24-00002015 Tiger & Bunny: The Rising Lunatic / Yuri Petrov [35]
000000002015-10-06-00002015 The Last: Naruto the Movie Gaara, Kotetsu Hagane [11]
000000002016-01-01-00002016 Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell Doctor Strange [36]

Other dubbing[edit]
List of voice performances in other dubbing
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, Notes
Source
000000002005-01-01-00002005 One Missed Call Hiroshi Yamashita
Video games[edit]
List of voice performances in video games
Year
Title
Role
Crew role, Notes
Source[26]
000000002006-01-01-00002006–07 .hack//G.U. series Endrance Rebirth, Reminisce, Redemption [11]
000000002006-01-01-00002006 Valkyrie Profile 2: Silmeria Lezard Valeth [11]
000000002007-01-01-00002007 Jeanne d'Arc Luther [11]
000000002007-01-01-00002007 World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade Illidan Stormrage [11]
000000002007-01-01-00002007 Persona 3 Akihiko Sanada [11]
000000002007-01-01-00002007 Eternal Sonata Waltz [11]
000000002008-01-01-00002008 Devil May Cry 4 Sanctus [11]
000000002008-01-01-00002008 Tales of Vesperia Cumore [2]
000000002008-01-01-00002008 Final Fantasy IV Kain Highwind 3D remake
000000002009-11-03-00002009 Dragon Age: Origins Additional Voices [37]
000000002009-01-01-00002009 Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight Wrath, Trash Mob B [11]
000000002009-01-01-00002009 Magna Carta II Huaren Jass [11]
000000002009-01-01-00002009 Resident Evil 5 Reynard Fisher, others [2][11]
000000002010-01-01-00002010 Darksiders War [11]
000000002010-10-19-00002010 Fallout: New Vegas Various characters [38]
000000002010-10-26-00002010 Fable III Walla Voice Actors [39]
000000002010-01-01-00002010 NIER Grimoire Weiss uncredited in endgame credits [38]
000000002010-01-01-00002010 Mafia II Brian O'Neill [11]
000000002010-01-01-00002010 Valkyria Chronicles II Baldren Gassenarl [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011 Captain America: Super Soldier Howard Stark, Allied, Hydra [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011 Catherine Orlando Haddick [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011 Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy Kain Highwind [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011 Killzone 3 Voice Talent ISA [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011 Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception Hired Thugs [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011 White Knight Chronicles 2 Madoras [11]
000000002011-01-01-00002011–16 Naruto video games Gaara, Kotetsu Hagane [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 Asura's Wrath Asura [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 Final Fantasy XIII-2 Caius Ballad [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 NeverDead Alex [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 Darksiders II War [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 Skullgirls Leviathan [11]
000000002012-01-01-00002012 Spec Ops: The Line Marines, Exile Officer [11]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 Fire Emblem: Awakening Inigo [11]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 League of Legends Yasuo [40]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 Fuse Guards [11]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 Killer Is Dead David [41]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 Marvel Heroes Electro, Nightcrawler, Havok [11]
000000002013-01-01-00002013 Republique Station 14 Episode 3: "Ones and Zeroes" [11]
000000002013-10-18-00002013 Sonic Lost World English Character Voices reprises on Sonic Dash [42]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 D4: Dark Dreams Don't Die Phillip Cheney [11]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII Caius Ballad [11]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor Gollum [43]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 The Evil Within Valerio Jimenez, also Male Villager, Obese Zombie [11]
000000002014-01-01-00002014 Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark Autobot Flyer, Decepticon Soldier 02 [11]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 Lego Dimensions Voiceover Talent [44][45]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 Final Fantasy Type-0 HD Enkidu [11]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 Saints Row: Gat out of Hell William Shakespeare, Vlad the Impaler, Demons, Husks [11]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 The Order: 1886 Finley [11]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 Mad Max Gutgash [46][47]
000000002015-01-01-00002015 Transformers: Devastation Motormaster, Seeker #3 [11]
000000002016-01-01-00002016 The Witness Voice director [48]
000000002016-01-01-00002016 Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games Sega Character Voices [49]
000000002016-01-01-00002016 Lego Marvel's Avengers Red Skull Voice director [48]
000000002016-02-16-00002016 Street Fighter V Gill Appears in later revision of closing credits. [50]
000000002016-01-01-00002016 Titanfall and Titanfall 2 Barker [11]
000000002017-01-01-00002017 For Honor The Warden (Male) [11]
000000002017-05-16-00002017 Injustice 2 Reverse-Flash [51]
000000002017-09-19-00002017 Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite Doctor Strange [11]
000000002017-11-07-00002017 Sonic Forces Infinite [11]
000000002018-01-30-00002018 Dissidia Final Fantasy NT Kain Highwind [11]

Live action[edit]
List of acting performances in film and television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Source[26]
000000002015-01-01-00002015–present Critical Role Vax'ildan (campaign 1), Caleb Widogast (campaign 2) Cast member, RPG web series [52][53]
000000002016-03-10-00002016 The Phoenix Incident Jacob Reynolds [54][55][56]

References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hague, Jim (May 13, 2000). "Catch a rising star; Weehawken native O'Brien enjoying meteoric climb as an actor; stars in Tennessee Williams play in New York - Liam O'Brien doesn't know exactly when the acting bug bit him - it was probably some time during his high school days..." The Hudson Reporter. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Dave Ward. "Liam O'Brien Interview". rpgsite.net. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Liam O'Brien and Sam Riegel (December 1, 2012). "All Work No Play" (Podcast). Event occurs at 3:17. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Liam O'Brien on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.sacanime.com/?page_id=4445
^ Jump up to: a b "Lois Wiltse O'Brien's Obituary on The Jersey Journal". nj.com. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "In the Void of the Damned, a Desire to Hold On". The New York Times. July 1, 1999. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sommer, CurtainUp,Elyse. "Small Craft Warnings, a CurtainUp review". curtainup.com. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Critical Role's Liam O'Brien Talks His Love of Dungeons & Dragons". Geek and Sundry. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Liam O'Brien Interview - AfterBuzz TV's The Voice Of. July 14, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2016 – via YouTube.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi "Behind The Voice Actors – Liam O'Brien". Behind The Voice Actors. Check mark indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Santos, Carlo (October 12, 2005). "Girls Bravo". Anime News Network. Retrieved March 26, 2015. Liam O'Brien is a riot and a half as Fukuyama in this volume, and his character ought to go terrorize more girls just so we can hear that smarmy delivery.
Jump up ^ "Hare+Guu – Cast – Dr. Clive". Hare+Guu (squarespace). Retrieved 2017-03-19.
Jump up ^ "A Big, Black, Hard, Shiny, Smelly, Noise-Making Creature". Hare+Guu. Episode 9. Event occurs at Closing credits, English Voice Cast.
Jump up ^ "Cherry Blossoms". Boys Be... Episode 1. Manga Entertainment. 2006. Event occurs at 22:40 director and writer credit, 22:45 character credit. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sword Dancer". The Third: The Girl with the Blue Eye. Event occurs at Closing credits, English Cast – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Slayers Evolution-R. Episode 1. Funimation.
Jump up ^ Slayers Evolution-R. Episode 9-13. Funimation.
Jump up ^ "Neon Alley Reveals Nura: Rise of the Yokai Clan: Demon Capital Dub Cast". April 4, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New Sailor Moon Dub Cast Revealed at Anime Expo". Anime News Network. July 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gundam the Origin I's 1st 7 Minutes English-Dubbed & Subtitled". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin – Sorrowful Artesia' Anime Episode Gets English Language Trailer". The Fandom Post. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Second 'Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin' Anime Episode Titled". The Fandom Post. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Viz Media Reveals More English Dub Cast for Sailor Moon R Anime". April 3, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rift". Sengoku Basara: End of Judgement. Episode 1 – via Funimation.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Liam O'Brien - SBV Talent". sbvtalent.com. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Avengers Protocol". Avengers Assemble. Season 1. Episode 1. May 26, 2013. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Into the Dark Dimension". Avengers: Ultron Revolution. Season 3. Episode 7. April 24, 2016. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Hulked Out Heroes". Avengers Assemble. Season 1. Episode 11. September 29, 2013. Disney XD.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Sleeper Awakens". Avengers: Secret Wars. Season 4. Episode 3. August 27, 2017. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Days of Future Smash: Year of the Hydra: Part 4". Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Season 2. Episode 48. May 31, 2015. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Spark of Rebellion". Star Wars Rebels. October 3, 2014. Event occurs at 43:07. Disney Channel.
Jump up ^ "Miles From Home". Ultimate Spider-Man. Season 4. Episode 3. February 28, 2016. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Bats/Movie Camp Out". Pickle and Peanut. Season 1. Episode 17. June 20–27, 2016. Disney XD.
Jump up ^ "Tiger & Bunny The Movie: The Rising 'New Driver' English Dub Clip Streamed". February 22, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "First Clip From Marvel's Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell". October 10, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ BioWare. Dragon Age: Origins. Electronic Arts. Scene: Closing credits, 6:20 in, Additional Voices.
^ Jump up to: a b "The voice of Yasuo and many more: Interview with Liam O'Brien - Articles - Team Dignitas". team-dignitas.net. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fable III Game Credits". Microsoft Game Studios. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "We're the Yasuo team. AMA! • /r/leagueoflegends". reddit.com. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Killer is Dead To Have Dual Audio Voice Tracks". Siliconera. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sonic Team. Sonic Lost World. Sega. Scene: Closing credits, 1:08 in, English Character Voices.
Jump up ^ Dealzon. "Voice cast for Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor revealed". Destructoid. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Traveller's Tales. Lego Dimensions. Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Scene: Closing credits, 4:45 in, Voiceover Talent.
Jump up ^ "Credits - DIMENSIONS LEGO.com". lego.com. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Avalanche Studios. Mad Max. Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Scene: Credits, 5:40 in, Talent.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Liam (September 13, 2015). "@courtenaytaylor @MadMaxGame @jason_spisak @WillingBlam @Bloodmime My main role is Gut Gash. So handsome". Twitter. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Liam O'Brien [@VoiceOfOBrien] (January 26, 2016). "Best thing about my job is the variety. The Witness & LEGO Marvel's Avengers out today, and I was fortunate to direct VO on both. Go play" (Tweet). Retrieved May 12, 2016 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Sonic Team. Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Wii. Sega. Scene: Closing credits, 3:10 in, English Character Voices.
Jump up ^ Capcom. Street Fighter V. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Voice Actors.
Jump up ^ @VoiceOfOBrien (May 16, 2017). "So, who's picking up @InjusticeGame today?" (Tweet). Retrieved May 16, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Critical Role's Liam O'Brien Talks His Love of Dungeons & Dragons - Geek and Sundry". geekandsundry.com. September 10, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, Kelly (January 16, 2018). "Your First Look at the Official Art for the Second Critical Role Campaign". Geek & Sundry. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Phoenix Incident, Where Truth Battles Fiction - ACED Magazine". acedmagazine.com. April 8, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jozef, Steve (April 8, 2016). "Phoenix Lights Thriller The Phoenix Incident Doesn't Shine Very Bright". phoenixnewtimes.com. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Phoenix Incident Builds An Interesting World; But Lacks Meaningful Characters - A Review". bleedingcool.com. April 7, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Jeng, Way (July 18, 2006). "Being a Brief Discussion with Liam O'Brien About Koi Kaze". Mania. Demand Media. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014.
Bertschy, Zac; Sevakis, Justin (January 28, 2010). "The Liam King – ANNCast". Anime News Network.
"Kana's Korner" Interview With Liam O'Brien on 91.8 The Fan
External links[edit]
Liam O'Brien on Twitter
Liam O'Brien at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Liam O'Brien at Crystal Acids Voice Actor Database
Liam O'Brien on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liam_O%27Brien&oldid=833954108"
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Lump (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Lump"
Single by The Presidents of the United States of America
from the album The Presidents of the United States of America
Released
August 8, 1995 (airplay)
Format
CD, cassette, vinyl
Genre
Alternative rock, grunge, post-grunge
Length
2:14
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Chris Ballew
Producer(s)
Presidents of the United States of America, Conrad Uno
The Presidents of the United States of America singles chronology
"Kitty"
(1995) "Lump"
(1995) "Peaches"
(1996)
"Kitty"
(1995) "Lump"
(1995) "Peaches"
(1996)
"Lump" is a song by alternative rock band The Presidents of the United States of America. It was released in 1995 and featured on their self-titled debut album. The song reached #1 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1995. Composer Chris Ballew said that the lyrics combined his own history of having a benign tumor in the head with a vision he had of a woman in a swamp, while employing the word "lump" because Ballew was fond of it.[1] The musical part was described by Ballew as him "trying to write a Buzzcocks song". Ballew considers it his favorite composition.[2]
Later in the same year, it debuted on the Album Rock Tracks chart, and went on to hit #7. The song is featured in the video games Rock Band 2, the Nintendo DS version of Band Hero, Just Dance, and Saints Row IV. It has additionally been covered or remade by several artists such as The Johnstones and "Weird Al" Yankovic.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listings
2 Music videos
3 Parodies and Covers
4 Charts
5 See also
6 References and notes
7 External links
Track listings[edit]
CD single
"Lump" – 2:13
"Carilyn's Bootie" – 2:17
"Candy Cigarette" – 2:02
"Twig in the Wind" – 2:54
7" single – UK
"Lump" – 2:12
"Wake Up" – 2:37
Music videos[edit]
The music video for "Lump", directed by Roman Coppola, takes place in a "boggy marsh" (as the lyrics state). The video shows the band singing in a swamp as well as on the stern of a large barge in Elliott Bay interspersed with a silhouette scene of the band performing.
Another video was also made for the song. This version, commonly referred to as "Lump 2", was considered too disturbing and dark to be aired on MTV (reflecting the band's grunge and post-grunge origins). It features the band performing on a dark stage while various people lip sync the lines "She's lump!" during the chorus. This version can be found on "Ten Year Super Bonus Special Anniversary Edition" of The Presidents of the United States of America's debut album.
Parodies and Covers[edit]
"Weird Al" Yankovic released a parody version of the song known as "Gump", a joking tribute to Forrest Gump. Notably, the last line of this parody, "and that's all I have to say about that" would later be used by The Presidents of the United States of America in their subsequent live performances of the song.
ApologetiX also recorded a parody entitled "Plump".
Canadian ska punk band The Johnstones covered "Lump" on their 2008 EP SEX.
The Blackout also covered "Lump" and it features on the end of the group's album, Hope, released in 2011.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1995)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[3] 11
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[4] 28
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[5] 21
Canadian Alternative 30 (RPM)[6] 1
France (SNEP)[7] 10
Ireland (IRMA) 27
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[8] 8
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[9] 15
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay 21
U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks[10] 1
U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks[10] 7
U.S. Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[10] 26
Year-end chart (1995)
Position
French Singles Chart[11] 68
Preceded by
"Hand in My Pocket" by Alanis Morissette Billboard Modern Rock Tracks number-one single
October 21, 1995 Succeeded by
"Name" by Goo Goo Dolls
Preceded by
Comedown by Bush X Canadian RPM Alternative 30 number-one single
October 2, 1995 Succeeded by
"Name" by Goo Goo Dolls
See also[edit]
Number one modern rock hits of 1995
List of RPM Rock/Alternative number-one singles (Canada)
"Gump"
References and notes[edit]
^ Stovall, Natasha: "UP AND COMING: The Presidents of the United States of America; At Home in Seattle, Cheerfully Singing Against the Current", The New York Times, April 21, 1996.
Jump up ^ Weird Lyrics Come Naturally To The Presidents
Jump up ^ Interview with Chris Ballew of The Presidents of the United States of America
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – The Presidents of the United States of America – Lump". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – The Presidents of the United States of America – Lump" (in French). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 62, No. 21, January 08 1996". RPM. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Rock/Alternative - Volume 62, No. 9, October 02 1995". RPM. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – The Presidents of the United States of America – Lump" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – The Presidents of the United States of America – Lump". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Lump", UK Singles Chart Chartstats.com (Retrieved November 17, 2008)
^ Jump up to: a b c The Presidents of the United States of America, in U.S. charts Allmusic.com (Retrieved November 17, 2008)
Jump up ^ 1995 French Singles Chart Archived 2012-03-07 at the Wayback Machine.. Disqueenfrance.com. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
External links[edit]
"Lump" music video on YouTube
"Lump 2" music video on YouTube
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
The Presidents of the United States of America
Chris Ballew
Dave Dederer
Jason Finn
Andrew McKeag
Studio albums
The Presidents of the United States of America
II
Freaked Out and Small
Love Everybody
These Are the Good Times People
Kudos to You!
Compilations
Rarities
Pure Frosting
Lump
Live albums
Thanks for the Feedback
Demos & EPs
Froggystyle
Peaches & Live
Munky River
Singles
"Fuck California"
"Naked and Famous"
"Kitty"
"Lump"
"Peaches"
"Ça Plane Pour Moi"
"Dune Buggy"
"Mach 5"
"Supersonics"
"Volcano"
"Tiki God"
"Video Killed the Radio Star"
"Jupiter"
"Tiny Explosions"
"Last Girl on Earth"
"Some Postman"
"Zero Friction"
"Mixed Up S.O.B."
"Ladybug"
"Rot in the Sun"
"More Bad Times"
"Moving In"
"This is a Blitz"
"Poor Little Me"
Related articles
Discography
Skin Yard
Love Battery
The Lonesome Death of Buck McCoy
The Giraffes
The Gentlemen
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lump_(song)&oldid=782579308"
Categories:
1995 singles
Billboard Alternative Songs number-one singles
The Presidents of the United States of America (band) songs
Music videos directed by Roman Coppola
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This page was last edited on 27 May 2017, at 20:54.
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Citizenship in North Korea
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Citizenship in North Korea is a status given to individuals recognised as North Korean by the government of the country. It is a source of shared national identity, but can also be one of contention or conflict.
Contents
[hide]
1 Nationality law of the DPRK
1.1 Types of citizenship[3]
1.1.1 By descent
1.1.2 Birthright
1.1.3 Naturalization
1.1.4 Dual citizenship
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Nationality law of the DPRK[edit]
Main article: Nationality law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
North Korea adopted a nationality law in 1963: 15 years after being founded on September 9, 1948.[1] It has since been revised in 1995 and 1999. The nationality law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea governs who is a citizen of the DPRK, and how one may gain or lose such citizenship. It prescribes citizenship qualifications, citizen rights, and citizen protections. While containing just 16 articles, it covers most of the basic features which can be found across modern citizenship legislation in other nations.[2] Furthermore, North Korean nationality law incorporates anyone who resided in the country since the foundation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). This includes varied groups due to the DPRK's annexation by Japan and the United States, occupation by the Soviet Union and final surrender to the Allies in 1945. The law assumes that people registered in North Korea became nationals of North Korea.
Types of citizenship[3][edit]
By descent[edit]
Jus sanguinis, or the "right of blood," means determining citizenship through the status of a child's parents. Any child born to two North Korean nationals becomes a North Korean citizen. However, if a child is born abroad to one North Korean national and one parent of a different nationality, the citizenship is to be determined by the parents.
Birthright[edit]
Jus soli, or the "right of the soil," is better known as birthright citizenship. This type of citizenship or nationality is awarded to citizens who are born within the jurisdiction of a given state. In North Korea, birth within the country's borders does not automatically grant a child citizenship, with the exception of a child born in North Korea with "unknown or stateless parents."
Naturalization[edit]
The process of naturalization involves formal proceedings for acquiring citizenship of a country. It is not guaranteed and can involve a wide variety of stipulations. In North Korea, the status of naturalization is unclear. It can only be granted by the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, and further specific requirements are unknown.
Dual citizenship[edit]
The government of North Korea does not recognize dual nationality. However, North Korean citizens who flee to South Korea automatically become South Korean citizens. Also, North Korean citizens who defect to South Korea and become South Korean citizens are not allowed to return to North Korea without special permission and approval from the South Korean government.
See also[edit]
Democratic People's Republic of Korea passport
Korean reunification
Nationality Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
North Korean defectors
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Kim, Chin. Law of Marriage and Divorce in North Korea The International Lawyer (1973): 906–917
Jump up ^ Kim, Chin (1972). "North Korean Nationality Law". International Lawyer. 6 (2): 324.
Jump up ^ US Department of State, Office of Citizen Consular Services. "Multiple Citizenship: North Korea". Retrieved 22 November 2011.
References[edit]
Ginsburgs, George (1983), The citizenship law of the USSR, Law in Eastern Europe #25, Brill, ISBN 978-90-247-2863-3
Kim, Chin (1972), "North Korea Nationality Law", International Law, 6 (34)
Sin, Steve (2009), "North Korean Constitution – April 2009", Blogspot
External links[edit]
Unofficial English and Japanese translations of the Nationality Law of 1963
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text:
Michael Carter (actor)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other people named Michael Carter, see Michael Carter (disambiguation).
Michael Carter
Born
(1947-06-29) June 29, 1947 (age 70)
Dumfries, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, U.K.
Alma mater
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Occupation
Actor, writer
Years active
1971–present
Michael Carter (born June 29, 1947)[1] is a Scottish actor of film, stage and television, well known for portraying Gerald Bringsley in An American Werewolf in London, Von Thurnburg in The Illusionist and Bib Fortuna in Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early years
2 Career
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
3.3 Video games
4 References
5 External links
Early years[edit]
He was born and brought up in Dumfries, Scotland. Carter was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA) in London.
Career[edit]
Carter's earliest role was in Doctor Who (in the 1971 serial The Mind of Evil), which he played as a UNIT Soldier and a Prisoner.[citation needed] He made his film debut in An American Werewolf in London (1981) as London Underground passenger Gerald Bringsley, although he is probably best known for his portrayal of Bib Fortuna in Return of the Jedi (1983). Carter also played Radu Molasar in Michael Mann's cult horror movie The Keep (1983). He has been in several other films including The Draughtsman's Contract (1982), A Christmas Carol (1984) as the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, Young Adam (2003), The Illusionist (2006) and Centurion (2010).
Onstage Carter has appeared at the National Theatre, the West End and on Broadway with Dustin Hoffman. He co-wrote the film One Man's War which starred Anthony Hopkins.
He has made many appearances on television including both series of Rebus with both John Hannah and Ken Stott, and Taggart. He also starred as the husband of Brenda Fricker and Josette Simon in the 1992 TV mini-series Seekers and as Tulloch the head of the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service in Thames TV's seven part series Call Red. Carter created the role of Douglas Raeburn in twenty two episodes of BBC Scotland's Two Thousand Acres of Sky.
He has done voice work in video games, as Biorr of the Twin Fangs and Blacksmiths Ed and Boldwin in Demon's Souls, and as Hawkeye Gough in the Artorias of the Abyss add-on content for Dark Souls.
In October 2012, he appeared briefly in Hunted (TV series), as Vincent Cage, a genius mathematician before being killed by Jack Turner (Patrick Malahide).[2]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1981 An American Werewolf in London Gerald Bringsley
1982 The Draughtsman's Contract Mr Clarke Credited as Mike Carter
1983 Return of the Jedi Bib Fortuna
The Keep Radu Molasar
1985 Out of the Darkness Julian Reid
2003 Young Adam Prosecutor
2006 The Illusionist Von Thurnburg
Attack Force Admiral Morgan
2010 Centurion General Antoninus
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1971 Doctor Who: The Mind of Evil Prisoner/UNIT Soldier Episodes 3,4 and 5, uncredited
1982 Nobody's Hero Dodge 5 episodes
Saturday Night Thriller Ringer Episode: Grass
1983 Heather Ann Geoffrey TV movie
Agatha Christie's Partners in Crime Rodriguez Episode: The Ambassador's Boots
1984 A Christmas Carol Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come TV Movie
1986-2005 Taggart Jack Stobo/Sandy Russell 2 episodes
1991 One Man's War TV movie
Writer only
1992 Civvies Arnie 4 episodes
1994 How High the Moon TV mini-series
1995 The Tales of Para Handy Rankin Episode: Para Handy's Piper
1996 Call Red Philip Tulloch
1999 C15: The New Professionals Superintendent Episode: Hostage
2000-07 Rebus Rev John Carson/Joe Toal 2 episodes
2001-03 Two Thousand Acres of Sky Douglas Raeburn 13 episodes
2003 Seven Wonders of the Industrial World John Scott Russell Episode: The Great Ship
2004 Red Cap Maj. Gen. Guy Walpole Episode: Betrayed
Rosemary & Thyme Professor Reeves Episode: Swords into Ploughshares
2005 Casualty Michael de Fraine 4 episodes
2006 Spooks Sir Maurice Clark Series 5 episode 10, Also known as MI-5
2012 Hunted Vincent Cage Episode: Kismet
2017 The Halcyon Wilfred Reynolds
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2009 Demon's Souls Biorr of the Twin Fangs
Blacksmith Bodwin
Blacksmith Ed
2011 Dark Souls Hawkeye Gough
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Michael Carter - Behind The Voice Actors". Retrieved November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Radio Times Hunted Cast List
External links[edit]
Michael Carter on IMDb
Michael Carter BFI
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 111007984
ISNI: 0000 0001 0935 2473
SUDOC: 178776947
BNF: cb12417452c (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Carter_(actor)&oldid=816654118"
Categories:
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This page was last edited on 22 December 2017, at 19:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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