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La Niña
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For the ship, see Niña.
Sea surface skin temperature anomalies in November 2007, showing La Niña conditions
La Niña (/lɑːˈniːnjə/, Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈniɲa]) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the counterpart of El Niño as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate pattern. The name La Niña originates from Spanish, meaning "the little girl", analogous to El Niño meaning "the little boy". It has also in the past been called anti-El Niño,[1] and El Viejo (meaning "the old man").[2] During a period of La Niña, the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 3 to 5 °C. In the United States, an appearance of La Niña persists for at least five months. It has extensive effects on the weather in North America, even affecting the Atlantic and Pacific hurricane seasons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition
2 Occurrences
3 Impacts on the global climate
4 Regional impacts
4.1 Africa
4.2 Asia
4.3 North America
4.4 South America
5 Diversity
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Definition[edit]
La Niña is the positive phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.[3] However, each country and island nation has a different threshold for what constitutes a La Niña event, which is tailored to their specific interests.[4] For example, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology looks at the trade winds, SOI, weather models and sea surface temperatures in the Niño 3 and 3.4 regions before declaring that a La Niña event has started.[5] However, the Japan Meteorological Agency declares that a La Niña event has started when the average five-month sea surface temperature deviation for the NINO.3 region is more than 0.5 °C (0.90 °F) cooler for 6 consecutive months or longer.[6]
Occurrences[edit]
A timeline of all La Niña episodes between 1900 and 2018.[7][8]
There was a relatively strong La Niña episode during 1988–1989. La Niña also formed in late 1983,[9] in 1995, and a protracted La Niña event that lasted from mid-1998 through early 2001. This was followed by a neutral period between 2001 and 2002. The La Niña which developed in mid-2007, and lasted until almost 2009, was a moderate one. The strength of La Niña made the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season one of the five most active since 1944; sixteen named storms had winds of at least 39 miles per hour (63 km/h), eight of which became 74-mile-per-hour (119 km/h) or greater hurricanes.[10]
A new La Niña episode developed quite quickly in the eastern and central tropical Pacific in mid-2010,[11] and lasted until early 2011.[12] It intensified again in mid-2011 and lasted until early 2012.[13] This La Niña, combined with record-high ocean temperatures in the north-eastern Indian Ocean, was a large factor in the 2010–2011 Queensland floods,[14] and the quartet of recent heavy snowstorms in North America starting with the December 2010 North American blizzard. The same La Niña event was also a likely cause of a series of tornadoes of above-average severity that struck the Midwestern and Southern United States in the spring of 2011, and drought conditions in the South Central states including Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas.[15] Meanwhile, a series of major storms caused extensive flooding in California in December 2010, with seven consecutive days of non-stop rainfall, leading to one of the wettest Decembers in over 120 years of records. This is in contrast to the drier-than-normal conditions typically associated with La Niña in California, especially in the south.[16]
In 2011, on a global scale, La Niña events helped keep the average global temperature below recent trends. As a result, 2011 tied with 1997 for the eleventh-warmest year on record. It was the second-coolest year of the 21st century to date, and tied with the second-warmest year of the 20th century. A relatively strong phase of La Niña opened the year, dissipated in the spring before re-emerging in October and lasted through the end of the year. When compared to previous La Niña years, the 2011 global surface temperature was the warmest observed. The 2011 globally-averaged precipitation over land was the second-wettest year on record, behind 2010. Precipitation varied greatly across the globe. This La Niña contributed to severe drought in East Africa and to Australia's third-wettest year in its 112-year period of records.[17]
La Niñas occurred in 1904, 1908, 1910, 1916, 1924, 1928, 1938, 1949–51,[18] 1954–56, 1964, 1970–72, 1973–76, 1983–85,[9] 1988–89, 1995–96, 1998–2001, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–12, 2016–17 and 2017-18.[11][19][20]
Impacts on the global climate[edit]
La Niña impacts the global climate and disrupts normal weather patterns, which as a result can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others.[21]
Regional impacts[edit]
Observations of La Niña events since 1950, show that impacts associated with La Niña events depend on what season it is.[22] However, while certain events and impacts are expected to occur during events, it is not certain or guaranteed that they will occur.[22]
Africa[edit]
Between 50,000 and 100,000 people died during the 2011 Horn of Africa drought.[23]
La Niña results in wetter-than-normal conditions in Southern Africa from December to February, and drier-than-normal conditions over equatorial East Africa over the same period.[24]
Asia[edit]
During La Niña years, the formation of tropical cyclones, along with the subtropical ridge position, shifts westward across the western Pacific Ocean, which increases the landfall threat to China.[25] In March 2008, La Niña caused a drop in sea surface temperatures over Southeast Asia by 2 °C. It also caused heavy rains over Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia.[26]
North America[edit]
Regional impacts of La Niña.
La Niña causes mostly the opposite effects of El Niño, above-average precipitation across the northern Midwest, the northern Rockies, Northern California, and the Pacific Northwest's southern and eastern regions. Meanwhile, precipitation in the southwestern and southeastern states, as well as Southern California, is below average.[27] This also allows for the development of many stronger-than-average hurricanes in the Atlantic and fewer in the Pacific.
The synoptic condition for Tehuantepecer winds is associated with high-pressure system forming in Sierra Madre of Mexico in the wake of an advancing cold front, which causes winds to accelerate through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Tehuantepecers primarily occur during the cold season months for the region in the wake of cold fronts, between October and February, with a summer maximum in July caused by the westward extension of the Azores-Bermuda high pressure system. Wind magnitude is weaker during La Niña years than El Niño years, due to the less frequent cold frontal incursions during La Niña winters,[28] with its effects can last from a few hours to six days.[29]
In Canada, La Niña will, in general, cause a cooler, snowier winter, such as the near-record-breaking amounts of snow recorded in La Niña winter of 2007/2008 in Eastern Canada.[30][31]
South America[edit]
During a time of La Niña, drought plagues the coastal regions of Peru and Chile.[32] From December to February, northern Brazil is wetter than normal.[32] La Niña causes higher than normal rainfall in the central Andes, which in turn causes catastrophic flooding on the Llanos de Mojos of Beni Department, Bolivia. Such flooding is documented from 1853, 1865, 1872, 1873, 1886, 1895, 1896, 1907, 1921, 1928, 1929 and 1931.[33]
Diversity[edit]
Map showing Niño3.4 and other index regions
The traditional La Niña, also called Eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña,[34] involves temperature anomalies in the Eastern Pacific. However, in the last two decades, nontraditional La Niña were observed, in which the usual place of the temperature anomaly (Niño 1 and 2) is not affected, but an anomaly arises in the central Pacific (Niño 3.4).[35] The phenomenon is called Central Pacific (CP) La Niña,[34] "dateline" La Niña (because the anomaly arises near the dateline), or La Niña "Modoki" (Modoki is Japanese for "similar, but different").[36][37] There are flavors of ENSO additional to EP and CP types and some scientists argue that ENSO exists as a continuum often with hybrid types.[38]
The effects of the CP La Niña are different from those of the traditional EP La Niña—e.g., the recently discovered La Niña leads to a rainfall increase over northwestern Australia and northern Murray-Darling basin, rather than over the east as in a conventional La Niña.[37] Also, La Niña Modoki increases the frequency of cyclonic storms over Bay of Bengal, but decreases the occurrence of severe storms in the Indian Ocean overall, with the Arabian Sea becoming severely non-conductive to tropical cyclone formation.[39][40]
The recent discovery of ENSO Modoki has some scientists believing it to be linked to global warming.[41] However, comprehensive satellite data go back only to 1979. Generally, there is no scientific consensus on how/if climate change may affect ENSO.[42]
There is also a scientific debate on the very existence of this "new" ENSO. A number of studies dispute the reality of this statistical distinction or its increasing occurrence, or both, either arguing the reliable record is too short to detect such a distinction,[43][44] finding no distinction or trend using other statistical approaches,[45][46][47][48][49] or that other types should be distinguished, such as standard and extreme ENSO.[50][51]
Recent years when La Niña Modoki events occurred include 1973–74, 1975–76, 1983–84, 1988–89, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2008–09, 2010–11 and 2016–17.[36][52][53][54][55][56]
See also[edit]
2010 Pakistan floods (attributed to La Niña)
2010–11 Queensland floods (attributed to La Niña)
2010–12 La Niña event
2010–13 Southern United States and Mexico drought (attributed to La Niña)
2011 East Africa drought (attributed to La Niña)
El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the atmospheric component of La Niña–El Niño cycle
Walker circulation
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project (2008-03-24). "What is La Niña?". Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Australian Climate Influences: La Niña". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Becker, Emily (4 December 2014). "December's ENSO Update: Close, but no cigar". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "ENSO Tracker: About ENSO and the Tracker". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Historical El Niño and La Niña Events". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cold and warm episodes by season". Climate Prediction Center NOAA. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "La Niña – Detailed Australian Analysis". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b La Niña and Winter Weather (Report). NOAA. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Brian K. Sullivan (2010-05-06). "El Niño Warning Will Fade Out by June, U.S. Says (Update 1)". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
^ Jump up to: a b "Climate Prediction Center – Monitoring & Data: ENSO Impacts on the U.S. – Previous Events". Cpc.noaa.gov. 2015-11-04. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
Jump up ^ "ENSO Diagnostic Discussion". NOAA's Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "La Niña is back". NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Why is Queensland flooded?". BBC News. 13 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tornadoes whipped up by wind, not climate: officials". www.physorg.com. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Heavy Precipitation Event California and Nevada December 16 – 23, 2010". California Nevada River Forecast Center. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "NOAA: 2011 a year of climate extremes in the United States". Climate Prediction Center NOAA. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "La Nina Years". The Noaa News. Retrieved Apr 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "La Niña Information". Retrieved 2010-05-31.
Jump up ^ Sutherland, Scott (February 16, 2017). "La Niña calls it quits. Is El Niño paying us a return visit?". The Weather Network. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "El Niño and La Niña". New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnston, Anthony (19 May 2014). "How ENSO leads to a cascade of global impacts". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Slow response to East Africa famine 'cost 'lives'". BBC News. January 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ La Niña Weather Likely To Last For Months | Scoop News. Scoop.co.nz (2010-10-12). Retrieved 2013-06-15.
Jump up ^ M. C. Wu, W. L. Chang, and W. M. Leung (2003). Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation Events on Tropical Cyclone Landfalling Activity in the Western North Pacific. Journal of Climate: pp. 1419–1428. Retrieved 2007-02-11.
Jump up ^ Hong, Lynda (2008-03-13). "Recent heavy rain not caused by global warming". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Jump up ^ "ENSO Diagnostic Discussion". Climate Prediction Center. 2008-06-05.
Jump up ^ Rosario Romero-Centeno; Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo; Artemio Gallegos; James J. O’Brien (August 2003). "Isthmus of Tehuantepec wind climatology and ENSO signal". Journal of Climate. 16 (15): 2628–2639. Bibcode:2003JCli...16.2628R. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<2628:iotwca>2.0.co;2.
Jump up ^ Paul A. Arnerich. "Tehuantepecer Winds of the West Coast of Mexico". Mariners Weather Log. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 15 (2): 63–67.
Jump up ^ "3. A Never-Ending Winter". Canada's Top Ten Weather Stories for 2008. Environment Canada. 2008-12-29. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011.
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^ Jump up to: a b "La Niña follows El Niño, the GLOBE El Niño Experiment continues". Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
Jump up ^ Gary Van Valen, Indigenous Agency in the Amazon(Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2013), 10.
^ Jump up to: a b Kao, Hsun-Ying; Jin-Yi Yu (2009). "Contrasting Eastern-Pacific and Central-Pacific Types of ENSO" (PDF). J. Climate. 22 (3): 615–632. Bibcode:2009JCli...22..615K. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2309.1.
Jump up ^ Larkin, N. K.; Harrison, D. E. (2005). "On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S. Weather anomalies". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (13): L13705. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3213705L. doi:10.1029/2005GL022738.
^ Jump up to: a b Yuan Yuan; HongMing Yan (2012). "Different types of La Niña events and different responses of the tropical atmosphere". Chinese Science Bulletin. 58 (3): 406–415. Bibcode:2013ChSBu..58..406Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5423-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Cai, W.; Cowan, T. (2009). "La Niña Modoki impacts Australia autumn rainfall variability". Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (12). Bibcode:2009GeoRL..3612805C. doi:10.1029/2009GL037885. ISSN 0094-8276.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Nathaniel C. (2013). "How Many ENSO Flavors Can We Distinguish?". J. Climate. 26 (13): 4816–27. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.4816J. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00649.1.
Jump up ^ M R Ramesh Kumar (2014-04-23). "El Nino, La Nina and the Indian sub-continent". Society for Environmental Communications. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
Jump up ^ K G Sumesh; M R Ramesh Kumar (2014-03-10). "Tropical cyclones over NIO during La-Niña Modoki years" (pdf). Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
Jump up ^ Yeh, Sang-Wook; Kug, Jong-Seong; Dewitte, Boris; Kwon, Min-Ho; Kirtman, Ben P.; Jin, Fei-Fei (September 2009). "El Niño in a changing climate". Nature. 461 (7263): 511–4. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..511Y. doi:10.1038/nature08316. PMID 19779449.
Jump up ^ Collins, M.; An, S-I; Cai, W.; Ganachaud, A.; Guilyardi, E.; Jin, F-F; Jochum, M.; Lengaigne, M.; Power, S.; Timmermann, A.; Vecchi, G.; Wittenberg, A. (2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–7. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868.
Jump up ^ Nicholls, N. (2008). "Recent trends in the seasonal and temporal behaviour of the El Niño Southern Oscillation". Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 (19): L19703. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3519703N. doi:10.1029/2008GL034499.
Jump up ^ McPhaden, M.J.; Lee, T.; McClurg, D. (2011). "El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean". Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (15): L15709. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3815709M. doi:10.1029/2011GL048275.
Jump up ^ Giese, B.S.; Ray, S. (2011). "El Niño variability in simple ocean data assimilation (SODA), 1871–2008". J. Geophys. Res. 116: C02024. Bibcode:2011JGRC..116.2024G. doi:10.1029/2010JC006695.
Jump up ^ Newman, M.; Shin, S.-I.; Alexander, M.A. (2011). "Natural variation in ENSO flavors". Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (14): L14705. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3814705N. doi:10.1029/2011GL047658.
Jump up ^ Yeh, S.‐W.; Kirtman, B.P.; Kug, J.‐S.; Park, W.; Latif, M. (2011). "Natural variability of the central Pacific El Niño event on multi‐centennial timescales". Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (2): L02704. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..38.2704Y. doi:10.1029/2010GL045886.
Jump up ^ Hanna Na; Bong-Geun Jang; Won-Moon Choi; Kwang-Yul Kim (2011). "Statistical simulations of the future 50-year statistics of cold-tongue El Niño and warm-pool El Niño". Asia-Pacific J. Atmos. Sci. 47 (3): 223–233. Bibcode:2011APJAS..47..223N. doi:10.1007/s13143-011-0011-1.
Jump up ^ L'Heureux, M.; Collins, D.; Hu, Z.-Z. (2012). "Linear trends in sea surface temperature of the tropical Pacific Ocean and implications for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation". Climate Dynamics. 40 (5–6): 1–14. Bibcode:2013ClDy...40.1223L. doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1331-2.
Jump up ^ Lengaigne, M.; Vecchi, G. (2010). "Contrasting the termination of moderate and extreme El Niño events in coupled general circulation models". Climate Dynamics. 35 (2–3): 299–313. Bibcode:2010ClDy...35..299L. doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0562-3.
Jump up ^ Takahashi, K.; Montecinos, A.; Goubanova, K.; Dewitte, B. (2011). "ENSO regimes: Reinterpreting the canonical and Modoki El Niño". Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (10): L10704. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3810704T. doi:10.1029/2011GL047364.
Jump up ^ Renata G. Tedeschi; Iracema F. A. Cavalcanti (23 April 2014). "Influência dos ENOS Canônico e Modoki na precipitação da América do Sul" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais/Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
Jump up ^ V. Platonov; E. Semenov; E. Sokolikhina (2014-02-13). "Extreme La-Nina 2010/11 and the vigorous flood at the north-east of Australia" (PDF). EGU General Assembly/Geophysical Research. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ Shinoda, Toshiaki; Hurlburt, Harley E.; Metzger, E. Joseph (2011). "Anomalous tropical ocean circulation associated with La Niña Modoki". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 116 (12). Bibcode:2011JGRC..11612001S. doi:10.1029/2011JC007304.
Jump up ^ Welsh, Jon (2011). "Introducing La Nina Modoki: she's 'similar but different'…" (PDF). Spotlight Magazine. No. Spring 2016. Australian Government Cotton Research and Development Corporation. pp. 34–35. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
Jump up ^ Jon Welsh (2016-10-06). "Are we heading for a La Niña Modoki?". Grain Central. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
External links[edit]
What is La Niña? at NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
La Niña FAQs at NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
La Niña episodes in the Tropical Pacific at CPC
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at CPC
List of El Niño and La Niña events since 1950 at CPC
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Rent-A-Center
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Rent-A-Center, Inc.
Type
Public
Traded as
NASDAQ: RCII
S&P 600 Component
Industry
Home furnishings
Rent-to-own
Founded
1973; 45 years ago (1973)
1986 (1986) (incorporated)
Wichita, Kansas, U.S.
Headquarters
Plano, Texas, United States
Key people
Mitchell Fadel Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Christopher Korst Chief Administrative Officer, Executive Vice President and General Counsel
Ann Davids Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Customer Officer (CMO, CCO)
Fred Herman Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Ricardo Cordon Executive Vice President, Mexico
[1]
Products
Provides furniture, electronics, computers and household appliances available under rent-to-own agreements
Revenue
US$3.27 billion (2015)[2]
Operating income
US$-1.007 billion (2015)[2]
Net income
US$-866.62 million (2015)[2]
Total assets
US$1.98 billion (2015)[2]
Total equity
US$470.48 million (2015)[2]
Number of employees
22,200 (2014)[3]
Subsidiaries
ColorTyme
Website
www.rentacenter.com
Rent-A-Center (commonly referred to as RAC, Rent-A-Centre in Canada) is an American public furniture and electronics rent-to-own company based in Plano, Texas.[4] The company was incorporated in 1986 and as of 2014 operates approximately 2,972 company-owned stores in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and Mexico, accounting for approximately 35% of the rent-to-own market in the United States based on store count.[5][4]
Rent-A-Center's operations include 28 retail installment stores called Get It Now (based in Wisconsin);[6] 17 Home Choice stores in Minnesota; 15 rent-to-own stores in Canada that go by Rent-A-Centre and Better Living; and approximately 1,359 Acceptance Now kiosks housed within retail partner stores throughout the United States.[7] Its subsidiary, Rent-A-Center Franchising International Inc. (RACFI), formerly known as ColorTyme Inc., is America's first franchisor of independently owned-and-operated rent-to-own stores. Its franchisees operate 162 rent-to-own stores in 31 states under the Rent-A-Center and ColorTyme brand names, and the company's wheels-and-tires franchise brand, RimTyme, operates 31 stores in 13 states.[4][8][9]
In 2014, Fortune Magazine listed Rent-A-Center at number 711 on the Fortune 1000 list of the largest U.S. corporations, based on revenues alone.[10] Competitors include Aaron’s, Inc., easyhome, Best Buy Co. Inc., and Wal-Mart Stores.[11]
Contents
1 History
2 Business operations
2.1 Philanthropy
3 Reception and litigation
4 Other names
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
The rent-to-own business was started by Ernie Talley in Wichita, Kansas during the 1960s when he told customers of his store, Mr. T’s Rental, that they had rented a washer and dryer for a long enough duration that they had paid for it in full and now owned it.[12] Thomas Devlin, a former employee of Mr. T’s rental, recognized the potential of renting name-brand products and partnered with W. Frank Barton and founded the Rent-A-Center brand in Wichita, Kansas in 1973.[13][14]
Truck delivering Rent-A-Center items
Mark Speese joined Rent-A-Center in 1979. In 1986, Mr. Speese and a colleague left Rent-A-Center and started a competing business known as Vista Rent-To-Own.[15][16] Ernest Talley then joined Vista Rent-To-Own as Chairman of the Board of Directors in 1989 and remained Chairman through Vista’s transition to Rent-A-Center.[16] In 2001, Talley retired and Speese was appointed as Rent-A-Center’s Chairman and CEO.[17] Vista Rent-To-Own changed its name to Renters Choice, Inc. in December 1993, in connection with the acquisition from DEF Investments, Inc. and certain related entities of an 84 store rent-to-own chain operating in 12 states.[18] Mark Speese retired as Rent-A-Center CEO at the end of January 2014. He continues to hold his position as Chairman of the Board, and Rent-A-Center CFO Robert Davis now serves as CEO.[19] Michael S. Wilding, Rent-A-Center’s current Senior Vice President – Accounting and Global Controller, will serve as Interim Chief Financial Officer, effective February 1, 2014.
Renters Choice went public on the NASDAQ stock exchange in 1995 under the symbol “RCII.”[20][21] In August 1998, Renters Choice acquired Thorn Americas, Inc., which operated 1,474 stores in 49 states and the District of Columbia under the name “Rent-A-Center.” On 31 December 1998, Renters Choice changed its name to Rent-A-Center, Inc. and began operating all of its stores under the “Rent-A-Center” brand name.[22]
In February 2003, Rent-A-Center acquired 295 stores from Rent-Way, Inc.[23] In March 2004, Rent-A-Center commenced operating in Canada with the acquisition of five stores located in Edmonton and Calgary, Alberta.[24] Later that year in May 2004, Rent-A-Center completed the acquisitions of Rainbow Rentals, Inc. and Rent Rite, Inc.[25] Rent-A-Center completed its acquisition of competitor Rent-Way, Inc. on 15 November 2006, for a price of approximately $600.3 million. At the time of the acquisition, Rent-Way was ranked number three in the rent-to-own industry with 782 stores in 34 states.[26] The Rent-Way store acquisition program brought the store total to 3,535 stores. Given that the acquisition resulted in over-penetration in some markets, Rent-A-Center carried out the closing or merging of 282 stores between 2007 and 2009.[27] With 176 Mexico stores as of September 2014, Rent-A-Center is continuing its expansion in Mexico.[7]
In January 2018, Mark Speese stepped down as CEO and was succeeded by former president Mitchell Fadel.[28]
On June 18 2018, Rent-A-Center announced it would be acquired by Vintage Capital.[29]
Business operations[edit]
Rent-A-Center headquarters building, Plano, Texas.
RAC provides new and used brand-named furniture, appliances, computers and electronics from brands, such as Ashley Furniture, Sony, Toshiba, Whirlpool Corporation, Dell and HP.[4] As part of their rent-to-own business model, Rent-A-Center generally makes its items available with no down payments or long term obligations. Customers can return an item at any time, for any reason, without penalty and also have the option to re-rent the same item and pick up the payments where they left off. Delivery, pick-up, service and repair are also included in the stated rental price. Customers can also upgrade items while they are renting—the payments will change accordingly.
In March 2007, the corporate office moved to a new location at 5501 Headquarters Drive, Plano, Texas, in the Legacy Business Park. Construction began on the 175,000-square-foot (16,300 m2) building in January 2006. Employees moved into the building on 16 March 2007. The current headquarters measures three stories and includes structured parking for 400 vehicles, a fitness center, and lunchroom.[30]
In July 2015, Rent A Centre sells several Ontario Locations to easyhome for price for 3.4 Million dollars, with this agreement, Rent A Centre & easyhome signed a 3-year agreement for non-compete contract that each company cannot open any stores in each other countries.[31]
Philanthropy[edit]
Beginning in 2003, the company has made donations to Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, collected by means of fund raisers held on an annual basis in Rent-A-Center stores. Between 2005 and 2010, Rent-A-Center donated and set up 116 “RAC Rooms” at Boys and Girls Clubs of America locations, in which each club selects $5,000 worth of new furniture, electronics and computers for their room.[32] Rent-A-Center also contributed to Boys and Girls Clubs of America with four tech centers in 2014.[33] Rent-A-Center has annually allocated $60,000 worth of scholarships to customers and the children of customers and coworkers. Through the Random Acts of Caring initiative, which was launched in 2008, RAC has donated merchandise and funding to charitable organizations located in communities where Rent-A-Center maintains retail locations.[34] 98 Random Acts of Caring have taken place since 2008, totaling $531,300 in contributions. Since 2007, the company has contributed over $600,000 in grants to Junior Achievement and, in addition, Rent-A-Center employees volunteer annually to teach financial literacy. Rent-A-Center has provided monetary and product contributions totaling nearly $600,000 to date to the North Texas Food Bank.[35][36][37] Since 2009, Rent-A-Center has donated more than 1.25 million dollars to 11 food banks across the country. This is in addition to the grassroots hunger-relief campaign staged across Rent-A-Center’s 3,000-plus U.S. stores throughout the month of September. Dubbed “Soup to Nuts” and in support of Hunger Action Month, this virtual food drive leverages Rent-A-Center’s stores as collection points for cash donations. The donated funds are distributed to food banks across the country at the conclusion of the month-long campaign.[38] An initiative begun in 2010 is Rent-A-Center’s "Operation: Just Like Home," in which merchandise with a wholesale value of $175,000 is delivered to select installations across four military service branches, including the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. Contributions have been allocated to Family & Morale Welfare and Recreation operations that provide community and family services, such as the Soldier and Family Assistance Centers that in turn serve wounded, ill and injured soldiers and their families.[39] In 2014, Rent-A-Center shifted its support of the military through the backing of important military-related nonprofit organizations, including Blue Star Families, Air Force Aid Society, Army Emergency Relief, and the Navy $ Marine Corps Relief Society.[40]
Reception and litigation[edit]
A store in Hillsboro, Oregon
A number of consumer protection concerns have been raised about the rent-to-own industry, including accusations of predatory lending.[41] Consumer advocates believe that rent-to-own transactions such as those offered by Rent-A-Center should be treated as credit sales, and point out that the price of a product can be two or three times the retail price. In an April 2000 Federal Trade Commission study on the industry, 75% of respondents stated that they were satisfied with their rent-to-own experience, whereas 19% were dissatisfied.[42]
In 2000, Rent-A-Center was sued for sexual bias in the hiring of women. The 2002 settlement agreement resulted in a $47 million cash payment by Rent-A-Center and mandated that Rent-A-Center offer 10% of future vacancies over the following 15-month period to women who were found to be past victims of discrimination. The settlement also led Rent-A-Center to seek qualified women to serve on its Board of Directors, develop equal employment training programs, and hire a new human resources vice president to implement hiring policies that ensured equal employment opportunity for female job applicants and current employees.[43]
In 2006, Rent-A-Center settled for $7 million in restitution and $750,000 in civil penalties for deceptive business practices in California. The State of California claimed RAC, in violation of state law, engaged in unfair competition and illegally misrepresented the price of certain merchandise. As a result of the settlement, RAC also deposited more than $7 million into a special consumer protection fund that is used to enforce consumer protection laws.[44]
In 2010, seven months after the Washington Attorney General’s Office sued Rent-a-Center and accused the national lease-to-own chain of unfair and deceptive collection practices under Washington’s Consumer Protection Act, Rent-A-Center agreed to settle.[45]
Another prominent case in 2010 included Rent-A-Center vs. Jackson which arose out of an employment discrimination claim brought on by former RAC employee Antonio Jackson. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which sided with RAC in a 5-4 decision. The court held that if a company's arbitration agreement includes a clause delegating fairness challenges to the arbitrator, a court must enforce that agreement and send the matter to arbitration. When Jackson first sued, Rent-A-Center cited its arbitration agreement and claimed that any challenges to the agreement had to be decided by the arbitrator.[46]
Other names[edit]
The Rent-A-Center company converted its Wisconsin stores to Get-It-Now! credit sale outlets after a judicial decision held that the state’s consumer protection laws defining credit sales included rent-to-own businesses.[47][48] Rent-A-Center is also known as Acceptance Now within its partner stores in the US in which it has kiosks. Rent-A-Center also goes by Home Choice in Minnesota, by Rent-A-Centre in Canada and by Rent-A-Center in Mexico.
See also[edit]
Dallas-Fort Worth portal
Kansas portal
Companies portal
Closed-end leasing
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Executive Officers". Retrieved 15 September 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Rent-A-Center, Inc. (RCII)". Yahoo Finance.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Employees". Retrieved 25 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Rent-A-Center Profile". Reuters. 10 August 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Employees". Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "About Get It Now". Retrieved 24 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Acceptance Now Kiosks" (Press release). Retrieved 24 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Company Overview". 10 August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "BUYINS.NET: XOM, GCI, HOLX, EXXI, RCII, PCBC Expected To Be Lower After Earnings Releases on Monday" (Press release). M2 PressWIRE. 29 January 2010. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Caitlin Dempsay (August 14, 2014). "Fortune 1000 Companies List for 2014". GeoLounge. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Competitors". 10 August 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Rivlin, Gary (2010). Broke, USA: From Pawnshops to Poverty, Inc. - How the Working Poor Became Big Business. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p. 26. ISBN 0-06-173321-0.
Jump up ^ "The Barton Legacy". 10 August 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
Jump up ^ Dan Voorhis (11 September 2003). "Rent-A-Center Founder Honored at Wichita, Kan., State University". The Wichita Eagle.
Jump up ^ "Rent-to-Own News - Speese Honored for Lifetime of Entrepreneurship" (Press release). Targeted News Service. 10 November 2009. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b "SEC Info". Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "RENT-A-CENTER GIVES PROFITS WARNING". The Wichita Eagle. 10 October 2001.
Jump up ^ "1997 10-K". 19 March 1998. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Rent-A-Center co-founder Speese retires
Jump up ^ Michael Saul (31 March 1995). "10 Texas firms make Fortune's fast-growth list". The Dallas Morning News.
Jump up ^ "Equity". Investment Dealers' Digest: 28. January 1995.
Jump up ^ "1998 10-K". 25 March 1999. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "2003 10-Q". 5 November 2003. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "2003 10-K". 11 March 2004. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "2004 10-Q". 30 July 2004. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center completes Rent-Way purchase". Dallas Business Journal. 15 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Acquires Rent Way For $567 Million". RTO Online. 6 August 2006. Archived from the original on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ CNBC (2018-01-02). "Rent-A-Center CEO Mark Speese steps down". CNBC. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Vintage Capital to buy Rent-A-Center for $1.37 billion". CNBC. 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Headquarters Completed in Plano". Texas Construction. 15: 11. July 2007.
Jump up ^ "EasyHome Acquires 14 Rent A Centre locations". Marketwire L.P. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "NEW "RAC ROOM" WILL PROVIDE POSTIVE PLACE FOR TEENS" (Press release). Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Donates to Boys & Girls Clubs of Hawaii". Rentacenter.com (Press release). Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ Wegman, Laurie (August 18, 2015). "102 and Counting: RAC's Random Acts of Caring". Rent-A-Center Blog.
Jump up ^ "Giving Briefs". The Roanoke Times. 19 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Steve Quinn (22 November 2003). "The Dallas Morning News Collin County Business Column". The Dallas Morning News.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center and North Texas Food Bank Team Up to Fight Hunger". Rentacenter.com (Press release). Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Donates $250,000 Through National Hunger Relief Program" (Press release). Business Wire. 31 August 2010. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center's "Operation: Just Like Home" Supports Military Families". Rentacenter.com. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "U.S. PIRG". Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Federal Trade Commission". 25 June 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "EEOC Announces $47 Million Agreement in Principle to Settle Claims of Class-Wide Sex Bias Against Rent-A-Center". The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved 4 January 2007.
Jump up ^ "Rent-A-Center Deceived Thousands of Californians in Marketing Services, Memberships". California Office of the Attorney General. 17 November 2006.
Jump up ^ "Rent-a-Center settles harassment and contract claims". Washington State Office of the Attorney General. 1 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Supreme Court Shuts Courthouse Door to Consumers, Employees Challenging Unfair Arbitration Clauses" (Press release). Targeted News Service. 21 June 2010. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Steven Walters (8 March 2004). "Doyle defends OK on rent bill". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
Jump up ^ Tom Held (13 November 2002). "Rent-A-Center settles lawsuit filed by state". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rent-A-Center&oldid=853428992"
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