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Day trading
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This article is about the practice. For the occupation, see Day trader.
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Day trading is speculation in securities, specifically buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day. Strictly, day trading is trading only within a day, such that all positions are closed before the market closes for the trading day. Many traders may not be so strict or may have day trading as one component of an overall strategy. Traders who participate in day trading are called day traders. Traders who trade in this capacity with the motive of profit are therefore speculators. The methods of quick trading contrast with the long-term trades underlying buy and hold and value investing strategies.
Some of the more commonly day-traded financial instruments are stocks, options, currencies, and a host of futures contracts such as equity index futures, interest rate futures, currency futures and commodity futures.
Day trading was once an activity that was exclusive to financial firms and professional speculators. Many day traders are bank or investment firm employees working as specialists in equity investment and fund management. With the advent of electronic trading and margin trading, day trading has become available to private individuals.
Contents
1 Characteristics
1.1 Profit and risks
2 History
2.1 Financial settlement
2.2 Electronic communication networks
2.3 Technology bubble (1997–2000)
3 Techniques
3.1 Trend following
3.2 Contrarian investing
3.3 Range trading
3.4 Scalping
3.5 Rebate trading
3.6 News playing
3.7 Price action
3.8 Artificial intelligence
4 Cost
4.1 Commission
4.2 Spread
4.3 Market data
5 Regulations and restrictions
5.1 Pattern day trader
5.2 Speculation
6 See also
7 Notes and references
8 External links
Characteristics[edit]
Some day traders use an intra-day technique known as scalping that usually has the trader holding a position for a few minutes or even seconds.
Most day traders exit positions before the market closes to avoid unmanageable risks—negative price gaps between one day's close and the next day's price at the open. Another reason is to maximize day trading buying power.[1] Other traders believe they should let the profits run, so it is acceptable to stay with a position after the market closes.[2]
Day traders sometimes borrow money to trade. This is called margin trading. Since margin interests are typically only charged on overnight balances, the trader may pay no fees for the margin benefit, though still running the risk of a margin call. The margin interest rate is usually based on the broker's call.
Profit and risks[edit]
Because of the nature of financial leverage and the rapid returns that are possible, day trading results can range from extremely profitable to extremely unprofitable, and high-risk profile traders can generate either huge percentage returns or huge percentage losses. Because of the high profits (and losses) that day trading makes possible, these traders are sometimes portrayed as "bandits" or "gamblers" by other investors.
Day trading is risky, especially if any of the following is present while trading:
trading a loser's game/system rather than a game that's at least winnable,
inadequate risk capital with the accompanying excess stress of having to "survive",
incompetent money management (i.e. executing trades poorly).[3][4]
The common use of buying on margin (using borrowed funds) amplifies gains and losses, such that substantial losses or gains can occur in a very short period of time. In addition, brokers usually allow bigger margins for day traders. In the USA for example, while the overnight margins required to hold a stock position are normally 50% of the stock's value, many brokers allow pattern day trader accounts to use levels as low as 25% for intraday purchases. This means a day trader with the legal minimum $25,000 in his account can buy $100,000 (4x leverage) worth of stock during the day, as long as half of those positions are exited before the market close. Because of the high risk of margin use, and of other day trading practices, a day trader will often have to exit a losing position very quickly, in order to prevent a greater, unacceptable loss, or even a disastrous loss, much larger than his original investment, or even larger than his total assets.
History[edit]
Originally, the most important U.S. stocks were traded on the New York Stock Exchange. A trader would contact a stockbroker, who would relay the order to a specialist on the floor of the NYSE. These specialists would each make markets in only a handful of stocks. The specialist would match the purchaser with another broker's seller; write up physical tickets that, once processed, would effectively transfer the stock; and relay the information back to both brokers. Brokerage commissions were fixed at 1% of the amount of the trade, i.e. to purchase $10,000 worth of stock cost the buyer $100 in commissions and same 1% to sell. (Meaning that to profit trades had to make over 2 % to make any real gain.)
One of the first steps to make day trading of shares potentially profitable was the change in the commission scheme. In 1975, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) made fixed commission rates illegal, giving rise to discount brokers offering much reduced commission rates.
Financial settlement[edit]
Financial settlement periods used to be much longer: Before the early 1990s at the London Stock Exchange, for example, stock could be paid for up to 10 working days after it was bought, allowing traders to buy (or sell) shares at the beginning of a settlement period only to sell (or buy) them before the end of the period hoping for a rise in price. This activity was identical to modern day trading, but for the longer duration of the settlement period. But today, to reduce market risk, the settlement period is typically two working days. Reducing the settlement period reduces the likelihood of default, but was impossible before the advent of electronic ownership transfer.
Electronic communication networks[edit]
The systems by which stocks are traded have also evolved, the second half of the twentieth century having seen the advent of electronic communication networks (ECNs). These are essentially large proprietary computer networks on which brokers can list a certain amount of securities to sell at a certain price (the asking price or "ask") or offer to buy a certain amount of securities at a certain price (the "bid").
ECNs and exchanges are usually known to traders by a three- or four-letter designators, which identify the ECN or exchange on Level II stock screens. The first of these was Instinet (or "inet"), which was founded in 1969 as a way for major institutions to bypass the increasingly cumbersome and expensive NYSE, and to allow them to trade during hours when the exchanges were closed. Early ECNs such as Instinet were very unfriendly to small investors, because they tended to give large institutions better prices than were available to the public. This resulted in a fragmented and sometimes illiquid market.
The next important step in facilitating day trading was the founding in 1971 of NASDAQ—a virtual stock exchange on which orders were transmitted electronically. Moving from paper share certificates and written share registers to "dematerialized" shares, traders used computerized trading and registration that required not only extensive changes to legislation but also the development of the necessary technology: online and real time systems rather than batch; electronic communications rather than the postal service, telex or the physical shipment of computer tapes, and the development of secure cryptographic algorithms.
These developments heralded the appearance of "market makers": the NASDAQ equivalent of a NYSE specialist. A market maker has an inventory of stocks to buy and sell, and simultaneously offers to buy and sell the same stock. Obviously, it will offer to sell stock at a higher price than the price at which it offers to buy. This difference is known as the "spread". The market maker is indifferent as to whether the stock goes up or down, it simply tries to constantly buy for less than it sells. A persistent trend in one direction will result in a loss for the market maker, but the strategy is overall positive (otherwise they would exit the business). Today there are about 500 firms who participate as market makers on ECNs, each generally making a market in four to forty different stocks. Without any legal obligations, market makers were free to offer smaller spreads on ECNs than on the NASDAQ. A small investor might have to pay a $0.25 spread (e.g. he might have to pay $10.50 to buy a share of stock but could only get $10.25 for selling it), while an institution would only pay a $0.05 spread (buying at $10.40 and selling at $10.35).
Technology bubble (1997–2000)[edit]
Following the 1987 stock market crash, the SEC adopted "Order Handling Rules" which required market makers to publish their best bid and ask on the NASDAQ. Another reform made was the "Small Order Execution System", or "SOES", which required market makers to buy or sell, immediately, small orders (up to 1000 shares) at the market maker's listed bid or ask. The design of the system gave rise to arbitrage by a small group of traders known as the "SOES bandits", who made sizable profits buying and selling small orders to market makers by anticipating price moves before they were reflected in the published inside bid/ask prices. The SOES system ultimately led to trading facilitated by software instead of market makers via ECNs.
In the late 1990s, existing ECNs began to offer their services to small investors. New brokerage firms which specialized in serving online traders who wanted to trade on the ECNs emerged. New ECNs also arose, most importantly Archipelago ("arca") and Island ("isld"). Archipelago eventually became a stock exchange and in 2005 was purchased by the NYSE. (At this time, the NYSE has proposed merging Archipelago with itself, although some resistance has arisen from NYSE members.) Commissions plummeted. To give an extreme example (trading 1000 shares of Google), an online trader in 2005 might have bought $300,000 of stock at a commission of about $10, compared to the $3,000 commission the trader would have paid in 1974. Moreover, the trader was able in 2005 to buy the stock almost instantly and got it at a cheaper price.
ECNs are in constant flux. New ones are formed, while existing ones are bought or merged. As of the end of 2006, the most important ECNs to the individual trader were:
Instinet (which bought Island in 2002),
Archipelago (although technically it is now an exchange rather than an ECN),
the Brass Utility ("brut"), and
the SuperDot electronic system now used by the NYSE.
The evolution of average NASDAQ share prices between 1994 and 2004
This combination of factors has made day trading in stocks and stock derivatives (such as ETFs) possible. The low commission rates allow an individual or small firm to make a large number of trades during a single day. The liquidity and small spreads provided by ECNs allow an individual to make near-instantaneous trades and to get favorable pricing. High-volume issues such as Intel or Microsoft generally have a spread of only $0.01, so the price only needs to move a few pennies for the trader to cover his commission costs and show a profit.
The ability for individuals to day trade coincided with the extreme bull market in technological issues from 1997 to early 2000, known as the Dot-com bubble. From 1997 to 2000, the NASDAQ rose from 1200 to 5000. Many naive investors with little market experience made huge profits buying these stocks in the morning and selling them in the afternoon, at 400% margin rates.
In March, 2000, this bubble burst, and a large number of less-experienced day traders began to lose money as fast, or faster, than they had made during the buying frenzy. The NASDAQ crashed from 5000 back to 1200; many of the less-experienced traders went broke, although obviously it was possible to have made a fortune during that time by shorting or playing on volatility.
In parallel to stock trading, starting at the end of the 1990s, a number of new Market Maker firms provided foreign exchange and derivative day trading through new electronic trading platforms. These allowed day traders to have instant access to decentralised markets such as forex and global markets through derivatives such as contracts for difference. Most of these firms were based in the UK and later in less restrictive jurisdictions, this was in part due to the regulations in the US prohibiting this type of over-the-counter trading. These firms typically provide trading on margin allowing day traders to take large position with relatively small capital, but with the associated increase in risk. Retail forex trading became a popular way to day trade due to its liquidity and the 24-hour nature of the market.
Techniques[edit]
The following are several basic strategies by which day traders attempt to make profits. Besides these, some day traders also use contrarian (reverse) strategies (more commonly seen in algorithmic trading) to trade specifically against irrational behavior from day traders using these approaches. It is important for a trader to remain flexible and adjust their techniques to match changing market conditions.[5]
Some of these approaches require shorting stocks instead of buying them: the trader borrows stock from his broker and sells the borrowed stock, hoping that the price will fall and he will be able to purchase the shares at a lower price. There are several technical problems with short sales—the broker may not have shares to lend in a specific issue, the broker can call for the return of its shares at any time, and some restrictions are imposed in America by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on short-selling (see uptick rule for details). Some of these restrictions (in particular the uptick rule) don't apply to trades of stocks that are actually shares of an exchange-traded fund (ETF).
Trend following[edit]
Main article: Trend following
Trend following, a strategy used in all trading time-frames, assumes that financial instruments which have been rising steadily will continue to rise, and vice versa with falling. The trend follower buys an instrument which has been rising, or short sells a falling one, in the expectation that the trend will continue.
Contrarian investing[edit]
Main article: Contrarian investing
Contrarian investing is a market timing strategy used in all trading time-frames. It assumes that financial instruments that have been rising steadily will reverse and start to fall, and vice versa. The contrarian trader buys an instrument which has been falling, or short-sells a rising one, in the expectation that the trend will change.
Range trading[edit]
Main article: Swing trading
Range trading, or range-bound trading, is a trading style in which stocks are watched that have either been rising off a support price or falling off a resistance price. That is, every time the stock hits a high, it falls back to the low, and vice versa. Such a stock is said to be "trading in a range", which is the opposite of trending.[6] The range trader therefore buys the stock at or near the low price, and sells (and possibly short sells) at the high. A related approach to range trading is looking for moves outside of an established range, called a breakout (price moves up) or a breakdown (price moves down), and assume that once the range has been broken prices will continue in that direction for some time.
Scalping[edit]
Main article: scalping (trading)
Scalping was originally referred to as spread trading. Scalping is a trading style where small price gaps created by the bid-ask spread are exploited by the speculator. It normally involves establishing and liquidating a position quickly, usually within minutes or even seconds.
Scalping highly liquid instruments for off-the-floor day traders involves taking quick profits while minimizing risk (loss exposure). It applies technical analysis concepts such as over/under-bought, support and resistance zones as well as trendline, trading channel to enter the market at key points and take quick profits from small moves. The basic idea of scalping is to exploit the inefficiency of the market when volatility increases and the trading range expands. Scalpers also use the “fade” technique. When stock values suddenly rise, they short sell securities that seem overvalued.[7]
Rebate trading[edit]
Rebate trading is an equity trading style that uses ECN rebates as a primary source of profit and revenue. Most ECNs charge commissions to customers who want to have their orders filled immediately at the best prices available, but the ECNs pay commissions to buyers or sellers who "add liquidity" by placing limit orders that create "market-making" in a security. Rebate traders seek to make money from these rebates and will usually maximize their returns by trading low priced, high volume stocks. This enables them to trade more shares and contribute more liquidity with a set amount of capital, while limiting the risk that they will not be able to exit a position in the stock.
News playing[edit]
The basic strategy of news playing is to buy a stock which has just announced good news, or short sell on bad news. Such events provide enormous volatility in a stock and therefore the greatest chance for quick profits (or losses). Determining whether news is "good" or "bad" must be determined by the price action of the stock, because the market reaction may not match the tone of the news itself. This is because rumors or estimates of the event (like those issued by market and industry analysts) will already have been circulated before the official release, causing prices to move in anticipation. The price movement caused by the official news will therefore be determined by how good the news is relative to the market's expectations, not how good it is in absolute terms.
Price action[edit]
Keeping things simple can also be an effective methodology when it comes to trading.[citation needed] There are groups of traders known as price action traders who are a form of technical traders that rely on technical analysis but do not rely on conventional indicators to point them in the direction of a trade or not. These traders rely on a combination of price movement, chart patterns, volume, and other raw market data to gauge whether or not they should take a trade. This is seen as a "simplistic" and "minimalist" approach to trading but is not by any means easier than any other trading methodology. It requires a solid background in understanding how markets work and the core principles within a market, but the good thing about this type of methodology is it will work in virtually any market that exists (stocks, foreign exchange, futures, gold, oil, etc.).
Artificial intelligence[edit]
An estimated one third of stock trades in 2005 in United States were generated by automatic algorithms, or high-frequency trading. The increased use of algorithms and quantitative techniques has led to more competition and smaller profits.[8]
Cost[edit]
Commission[edit]
Commissions for direct-access brokers are calculated based on volume. The more shares traded, the cheaper the commission. The average commission per trade is roughly $5 per round trip (getting in and out of a position). While a retail broker might charge $7 or more per trade regardless of the trade size, a typical direct-access broker may charge anywhere from $0.01 to $0.0002 per share traded (from $10 down to $.20 per 1000 shares), or $0.25 per futures contract. A scalper can cover such costs with even a minimal gain.
Spread[edit]
Main article: Bid-ask spread
The numerical difference between the bid and ask prices is referred to as the bid-ask spread. Most worldwide markets operate on a bid-ask-based system.
The ask prices are immediate execution (market) prices for quick buyers (ask takers) while bid prices are for quick sellers (bid takers). If a trade is executed at quoted prices, closing the trade immediately without queuing would always cause a loss because the bid price is always less than the ask price at any point in time.
The bid-ask spread is two sides of the same coin. The spread can be viewed as trading bonuses or costs according to different parties and different strategies. On one hand, traders who do NOT wish to queue their order, instead paying the market price, pay the spreads (costs). On the other hand, traders who wish to queue and wait for execution receive the spreads (bonuses). Some day trading strategies attempt to capture the spread as additional, or even the only, profits for successful trades.
Market data[edit]
Market data is necessary for day traders, rather than using the delayed (by anything from 10 to 60 minutes, per exchange rules[9]) market data that is available for free. A real-time data feed requires paying fees to the respective stock exchanges, usually combined with the broker's charges; these fees are usually very low compared to the other costs of trading. The fees may be waived for promotional purposes or for customers meeting a minimum monthly volume of trades. Even a moderately active day trader can expect to meet these requirements, making the basic data feed essentially "free".
In addition to the raw market data, some traders purchase more advanced data feeds that include historical data and features such as scanning large numbers of stocks in the live market for unusual activity. Complicated analysis and charting software are other popular additions. These types of systems can cost from tens to hundreds of dollars per month to access.
Regulations and restrictions[edit]
Day trading is considered a risky trading style, and regulations[which?] require brokerage firms to ask whether the clients understand the risks of day trading and whether they have prior trading experience before entering the market.
Pattern day trader[edit]
Main article: Pattern day trader
In addition, in the US the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and SEC further restrict the entry by means of "pattern day trader" amendments. Pattern day trader is a term defined by the SEC to describe any trader who buys and sells a particular security in the same trading day (day trades), and does this four or more times in any five consecutive business day period. A pattern day trader is subject to special rules, the main rule being that in order to engage in pattern day trading in a margin account, the trader must maintain an equity balance of at least $25,000. It is important to note that this requirement is only for day traders using a margin account.[citation needed]
Speculation[edit]
In the moral context, speculation is considered negatively as personal behavior and also considering the potential damage to the real economy.[10][11][12]
See also[edit]
Direct access trading
Extended hours trading
Financial instrument
Fundamental analysis
Futures market
Scalping
Stock market
Trader
Price discovery
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ "Day-Trading Margin Requirements: Know the Rules". FINRA. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sale, Robert (2001). Trading Strategies for Direct Access Trading: Making the Most Out of Your Capital
Jump up ^ "U.S. government warning about the dangers of day trading".
Jump up ^ Gomez, Steve; Lindloff, Andy (2011). Change is the only Constant. IN: Lindzon, Howard; Pearlman, Philip; Ivanhoff, Ivaylo. The StockTwits Edge: 40 Actionable Trade Set-Ups from Real Market Pros. Wiley Trading. ISBN 978-1118029053. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Gomez, Steve (October 2009). "Adapting To Change". SFO Magazine (republished on Trader Planet, 2013). Retrieved 2013-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Trading Range". Investopedia. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Type of Day Trader". DayTradeTheWorld. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Charles Duhigg. Artificial intelligence applied heavily to picking stocks - Business - International Herald Tribune. November 23, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Exchange Requirements for Delayed Market Data"
Jump up ^ https://sites.google.com/site/thefinancialspeculation
Jump up ^ http://www.jstor.org/stable/2376347?seq=12#page_scan_tab_contents
Jump up ^ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14211a.htm
External links[edit]
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on day trading
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text:
His Eye Is on the Sparrow
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"His Eye is on the Sparrow"
Song
Published
1905
Songwriter(s)
Civilla D. Martin
Composer(s)
Charles H. Gabriel
"His Eye Is on the Sparrow" is a Gospel hymn. The song was written in 1905 by lyricist Civilla D. Martin and composer Charles H. Gabriel. It is most associated with actress-singer Ethel Waters who used the title for her autobiography.[1] Mahalia Jackson's recording of the song was honored with the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 2010.
Contents
[hide]
1 Inspiration
2 Notable performances
3 Whitney Houston version
4 Later published arrangements
5 Footnotes
6 External links
Inspiration[edit]
The theme of the song is inspired by the words of David in the Psalms and Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew in the Bible: "I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye (Psalm 32:8). "Look at the birds of the air; they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not of more value than they?" (Matthew 6:26) and "Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows" (Matthew 10:29–31).
Civilla Martin, who wrote the lyrics, said about her inspiration to write the song based on the scriptures:
Early in the spring of 1905, my husband and I were sojourning in Elmira, New York. We contracted a deep friendship for a couple by the name of Mr. and Mrs. Doolittle—true saints of God. Mrs. Doolittle had been bedridden for nigh twenty years. Her husband was an incurable cripple who had to propel himself to and from his business in a wheel chair. Despite their afflictions, they lived happy Christian lives, bringing inspiration and comfort to all who knew them. One day while we were visiting with the Doolittles, my husband commented on their bright hopefulness and asked them for the secret of it. Mrs. Doolittle's reply was simple: "His eye is on the sparrow, and I know He watches me." The beauty of this simple expression of boundless faith gripped the hearts and fired the imagination of Dr. Martin and me. The hymn "His Eye Is on the Sparrow" was the outcome of that experience.[2]
Notable performances[edit]
The song has been performed extensively by both Christian and secular artists.
1951: Sister Rosetta Tharpe with Marie Knight; 45 single (found on Complete Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Vol. 4) (traditional gospel)
1952: Ethel Waters in the film The Member of the Wedding
1956: Mahalia Jackson; Bless This House (traditional gospel)
1958: Carmen McRae; Birds of a Feather (jazz)
1962: Josh White; Empty Bed Blues (blues)
1967: Dottie West; Sings Sacred Ballads (country)
1968: Marvin Gaye; 45 single (found on In Loving Memory (compilation album)) (R&B)
1978: Mickey Newbury; His Eye Is on the Sparrow (country)
1984: George Adams-Don Pullen Quartet; Decisions (jazz)
1986: Jennifer Holliday; TV special hosted by Paul Simon (gospel)
1993: Lauryn Hill and Tanya Blount in the film Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit
1993: Brentwood Jazz Quartet in the album Living In The Here And Now
1997: Andy Griffith; Just As I Am: 30 Favorite Old Time Hymns (country)
1999: Selah; Be Still My Soul (contemporary gospel)
2000: Shirley Caesar; The First Lady of Gospel (re-release; original album unknown) (traditional)
2001: Jessica Simpson; Irresistible (pop)
2002: Crystal Lewis; Holy, Holy, Holy (contemporary gospel)
2002: Scott Amendola Band; Cry (jazz)
2002: Elena Gadel on the Spanish talent show Operación Triunfo
2009: Gladys Knight at the funeral service of Michael Jackson
2010: Abigail Washburn The Sparrow Quartet
2011: Judith Durham; Colours of My Life
2012: Agnez Mo at her residency concert in her homeland, Indonesia
2012: Carol Channing and Lulu Roman (of Hee Haw fame) on Channing's album True to the Red, White and Blue
2014: Darlene Love at the Oscars while accepting an award for 20 Feet from Stardom
2014: Anja Nissen on her debut album Anja Nissen
2014: Ha*Ash on their album Primera fila: Hecho realidad
Whitney Houston version[edit]
"His Eye Is on the Sparrow"
Single by Whitney Houston
from the album Sparkle: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Released
June 8, 2012 (2012-06-08)
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2011
Length
3:32
Label
RCA Records
Songwriter(s)
Civilla D. Martin
Charles H. Gabriel
Producer(s)
R. Kelly
Whitney Houston singles chronology
"Celebrate"
(2012) "His Eye Is on the Sparrow"
(2012) "I Look to You"
(2012)
"Celebrate"
(2012) "His Eye Is on the Sparrow"
(2012) "I Look to You"
(2012)
Whitney Houston recorded a version for the soundtrack of the 2012 remake of the 1976 musical film Sparkle. RCA Records released the song as the second single from the album on June 8, 2012,[3] four months after Houston's death. This version is Houston's last original single, and second posthumous one. The song made its debut only one day after the premiere of "Celebrate". AllMusic called it a "piano, organ, and choir" showcase for Houston, citing it as a highlight of the soundtrack although admitting "Houston sounds as commanding as one can expect from a later recording."[4] Entertainment Weekly editor Melissa Maerz called it "a gorgeously rippling solo" with Houston "testif[ying ...] that Jesus is watching over her."[5] Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone panned the cover, saying "Houston sings – and croaks – in a voice octaves lower than in her prime. At times the song has a ravaged magnificence, but mostly it's painful."[6]
Later published arrangements[edit]
There are many arrangements of the hymn that have been produced since its original publication. These include:
1963, in The Reader's Digest Family Songbook of Faith and Joy[7]
1975, in The Josh White Songbook[8]
1986: Five American Gospel Songs for solo voice and piano by Luigi Zaninelli includes a concert arrangement of it[9]
1999: Six Gospel Hymn Preludes has an arrangement for solo organ by Wilbur Held[10]
2007, in Songs of Comfort and Hope: Vocal Solos for Memorial and Funeral Services[11]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Waters, Ethel, with Charles Samuels, His Eye Is On The Sparrow: An Autobiography, New York, 1951, reprinted by Da Capo Press, 1992
Jump up ^ Vincent D. Homan (2013). A Foot in Two Worlds: A Pastor's Journey From Grief to Hope. WestBow Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-1449774813.
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/His-Eye-Is-The-Sparrow/dp/B00880IT98/
Jump up ^ Andy Kellman. "Sparkle [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sparkle: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack". ew.com. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Various Artists Sparkle: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Album Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Dan Fox, ed., Pleasantville, N.Y. : Reader's Digest Association
Jump up ^ Walter Raim, Walter, ed., Chicago, Quadrangle Books
Jump up ^ Published by Harold Flammer, Inc./Shawnee Press, Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Published by MorningStar Music Publishers, Fenton, Missouri
Jump up ^ Mark Hayes, ed., Lorenz Publisher, Dayton, Ohio
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
His Eye Is on the Sparrow
Civilla Durfee Martin
Selected Songs by Charles H. Gabriel texts and MIDI sequences of 44 songs, including "His Eye Is on the Sparrow"
Piano version and background of His Eye Is On The Sparrow Free MP3 piano version of "His Eye Is on the Sparrow"
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text:
9-1-1 (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
9-1-1
Genre
Procedural drama
Action
Created by
Ryan Murphy
Brad Falchuk
Tim Minear
Starring
Angela Bassett
Peter Krause
Oliver Stark
Aisha Hinds
Kenneth Choi
Rockmond Dunbar
Connie Britton
Narrated by
Connie Britton
Composer(s)
Mac Quayle
Todd Haberman
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
10 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Ryan Murphy
Brad Falchuk
Tim Minear
Alexis Martin Woodall
Bradley Buecker
Producer(s)
Lou Eyrich
Eryn Krueger Mekash
Adam Penn
Erica L. Anderson
Matt Hodgson
Robert M. Williams Jr.
Location(s)
Los Angeles, California
Editor(s)
Tom Costantino
Running time
45 minutes
Production company(s)
Reamworks
Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision[1]
Ryan Murphy Television
20th Century Fox Television
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
Fox
Original release
January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03) – present (present)
External links
Website
9-1-1 is an American procedural drama television series created by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Tim Minear which follows the lives of Los Angeles first responders: cops, paramedics, firefighters and dispatchers. The series premiered on January 3, 2018, on the Fox network, during the 2017–18 television season.[2][1] The series is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, with Murphy, Falchuck, Minear and Bradley Buecker as executive producers. Minear also serves as showrunner and Buecker directed the premiere episode.[3] On January 16, 2018, the series was renewed for a sixteen-episode second season.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Notable guests
2 Production
2.1 Casting
3 Episodes
3.1 Season 1 (2018)
4 Reception
4.1 Ratings
4.2 Season 1 (2018)
4.3 Critical response
5 References
6 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Angela Bassett as Athena Grant, LAPD patrol sergeant
Peter Krause as Bobby Nash, Captain, LAFD
Oliver Stark as Evan "Buck" Buckley, firefighter
Aisha Hinds as Henrietta "Hen" Wilson, firefighter/paramedic
Kenneth Choi as Howie "Chimney" Han, firefighter/paramedic
Rockmond Dunbar as Michael Grant, Athena's husband
Connie Britton as Abby Clark, 911 operator (Season 1)
Recurring[edit]
Mariette Hartley as Patricia Clark, Abby's mother[5][6]
Corinne Massiah as May Grant[6]
Marcanthonnee Reis as Harry Grant[6]
Cocoa Brown as Carla Price, Abby's mother's nurse[6]
Tracie Thoms as Karen Wilson, Hen's wife[7]
Notable guests[edit]
John Marshall Jones as Dave Morrisey[5]
Genneya Walton as Laila Creedy[6]
Gavin Stenhouse as Priest[5]
Jee Young Han as Liz
Production[edit]
Casting[edit]
In October 2017, Angela Bassett, Connie Britton, and Peter Krause joined the main cast.[3] Later that month, it was announced that Oliver Stark, Aisha Hinds, Kenneth Choi, and Rockmond Dunbar had been cast in regular roles.[8]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2018)[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Pilot" Bradley Buecker Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk & Tim Minear January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03) 1LAY01 6.83[9]
Los Angeles emergency dispatchers and first responders must balance the pressures of their respective jobs with their personal lives: from 9-1-1 operator Abby Clark's mother having dementia to police sergeant Athena Grant's husband deciding to reveal to his children that he's gay.
2
"Let Go" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk & Tim Minear January 10, 2018 (2018-01-10) 1LAY02 5.55[10]
A roller coaster accident leaves Buck in a traumatic situation. Athena and Hen respond to a devil dog attack, which Athena later discovers is a home invasion. Abby makes an on-the-phone connection with Buck. Athena arrives home and finds that her daughter has overdosed.
3
"Next of Kin" Barbara Brown John J. Gray January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17) 1LAY03 6.21[11]
The team is tested when Chimney is critically injured in a car accident after a discussion with Nash. Athena deals with the consequences of her daughter's suicide attempt.
4
"Worst Day Ever" Bradley Buecker Zachary Reiter January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24) 1LAY04 6.57[12]
A plane crash in Los Angeles calls out the entire team. Athena takes drastic actions for the protection of her daughter and in doing so is confined to desk duty. Bobby relapses into his alcoholism. Abby deals with a serious crisis with her mother.
5
"Point of Origin" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Erica L. Anderson January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31) 1LAY05 6.21[13]
A building collapses during a big Hindu wedding. Henrietta's convict ex-girlfriend, Eve, asks for her help getting parole, which upsets her wife. Abby tries to find her wayward mother with Buck's help, finally finding her thanks to some unlikely help. Bobby tells his confessor how he accidentally killed his family five years before, when, under the effects of oxycodone and alcohol, he forgot a burning stove, which burned his building down.
6
"Heartbreaker" Bradley Buecker Matthew Hodgson February 7, 2018 (2018-02-07) 1LAY06 6.64[14]
A surprise marriage proposal on a Cessna goes awry. Buck invites Abby to Chimney's welcome back firehouse party. On Valentine's Day, Bobby and Chimney pull holiday duty so Buck can go on his first date with Abby. But the date goes awry when he chokes on some bread and she has to ask for help doing an emergency tracheotomy. After she races to deliver an organ for a transplant, Athena has to deal with an unhinged woman who has killed her double cheating boyfriend after a disastrous date.
7
"Full Moon (Creepy AF)" Maggie Kiley Adam Penn February 28, 2018 (2018-02-28) 1LAY07 5.95[15]
A full moon looms over Los Angeles which has everyone on high alert. Hen gets closer with her ex-wife, while Abby helps solve a mystery after a 911 call turns deadly.
8
"Karma's a Bitch" Barbara Brown Kristen Reidel March 7, 2018 (2018-03-07) 1LAY08 6.05[16]
The firefighting team is dealt with several calls that leads to backfiring results. Meanwhile, Bobby donates blood to a blood drive, only to find out that he has superior blood that could save lives. Grant moves forward with her divorce following a heart-to-heart with her children. Also, Abby and Buck take their relationship to the next level.
9
"Trapped" Gwyneth Horder-Payton Story by : Adam Glass
Teleplay by : Aristotle Kousakis March 14, 2018 (2018-03-14) 1LAY09 6.55[17]
The team is dealt with at a call when a homeless, sleeping in a dumpster, gets caught in a garbage truck and a mother and a son trapped inside a elevator as is begins the flood. Meanwhile, Buck begins to have doubts with his relationship with Abby, Henrietta continues to deal with a custody battle with her ex-wife. Also, Grant gets into a situation while on a date.
10
"A Whole New You" Bradley Buecker Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk & Tim Minear March 21, 2018 (2018-03-21) 1LAY10 6.63[18]
The team is dealt with a call of a “death” at a psychic facility. The victim later awakens at the morgue and reveals that he is suffering from a disease in which he is paralyzed awake. At another call, a scene at a motorcycle accident in which the victims body is severed in two. Meanwhile, following her mother’s death, Abby makes a decision to leave Los Angeles and travel to Ireland to fulfill her mother’s goals. Hen reaches out to her wife to try to make amends, Bobby goes on a first date. Also, Buck’s identity gets stolen through a series of social media accounts.
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
Season 1 (2018)[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Pilot" January 3, 2018 1.8/6 6.83[9] 1.2 3.87 3.0 10.69[19]
2 "Let Go" January 10, 2018 1.5/6 5.55[10] 1.5 4.44 3.0 9.99[20]
3 "Next of Kin" January 17, 2018 1.8/6 6.21[11] 1.2 4.00 3.0 10.21[21]
4 "Worst Day Ever" January 24, 2018 1.6/6 6.57[12] 1.5 4.70 3.1 11.27[22]
5 "Point of Origin" January 31, 2018 1.6/6 6.21[13] 1.5 4.37 3.1 10.58[23]
6 "Heartbreaker" February 7, 2018 1.7/6 6.64[14] 1.5 4.76 3.2 11.40[24]
7 "Full Moon (Creepy AF)" February 28, 2018 1.5/6 5.95[15] 1.5 4.67 3.0 10.62[25]
8 "Karma's A Bitch" March 7, 2018 1.6/6 6.05[16] 1.4 4.60 3.0 10.65[26]
9 "Trapped" March 14, 2018 1.6/7 6.55[17] 1.4 4.42 3.0 10.86[27]
10 "A Whole New You" March 21, 2018 1.7/7 6.63[18] 1.4 4.54 3.1 11.17[28]
Critical response[edit]
The review aggregator web site Rotten Tomatoes reported a 69% approval rating, with an average rating of 5.19/10 based on 26 reviews, with this consensus:
"9-1-1 occasionally veers into melodrama, but is redeemed with a top-tier cast, adrenaline-pumping action, and a dash of trashy camp that pushes the show into addictive guilty pleasure territory."[29]
Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 60 out of 100 based on 21 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[30]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (May 15, 2017). "Fox Fall 2017 Schedule: 'Empire' Shifts To 8 PM, 'Gotham' Moves To Thursday, 'Lethal Weapon' To Tuesday". Deadline Hollywood.
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (November 15, 2017). "'The X-Files' & New Drama '9-1-1' Get Premiere Dates On Fox". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (October 3, 2017). "'9-1-1': Connie Britton To Star In Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk's Fox Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (January 16, 2018). "9-1-1 Renewed for Season 2 at Fox". TVLine. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "(#NIN-101) "Pilot"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 27, 2017. />
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "(#NIN-103) "Next of Kin"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 27, 2017. />
Jump up ^ "(#NIN-107) "Full Moon (Creepy AF)"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (October 12, 2017). "Ryan Murphy's '9-1-1' Adds Four to Cast, Including Rockmond Dunbar, Aisha Hinds". Variety. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 5, 2018). "'Chicago PD' adjusts up, 'The X-Files' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 11, 2018). "'Speechless' adjusts up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 19, 2018). "'Riverdale,' 'X-Files' and everything else unchanged: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 25, 2018). "'Match Game' adjusts up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'The Amazing Race' adjusts up, 'The Blacklist' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'Riverdale' adjusts up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 1, 2018). "'Speechless' adjusts up: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 8, 2018). "'The Goldbergs' and Riverdale' adjust up, 'Chicago PD' and 'Life Sentence' down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 15, 2018). "'The X-Files' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 22, 2018). "'Survivor,' 'The Goldbergs' and 'Modern Family' adjust up, 'Speechless' adjusts down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (January 22, 2018). "Delayed Viewing Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' Winter Premiere Starts 2018 Strong". Variety. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'The Brave' goes from low to... less low: Week 16 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'This Is Us,' 'The Good Doctor' both double in week 17 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'This Is Us' sets NBC records in week 18 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 15, 2018). "Closing the book on the Super Bowl 'This Is Us': Week 19 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 22, 2018). "'The Good Doctor' and 'This Is Us' on top again: Week 20 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 15, 2018). "'Agents of SHIELD,' 16 other shows double in week 23 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 22, 2018). "'This Is Us' leads the week 24 broadcast Live +7 ratings – by quite a bit". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 29, 2018). "'This Is Us' goes out on top: Week 25 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 6, 2018). "'The Good Doctor' scores highest in week 26 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "9-1-1: Season 1 (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
Jump up ^ "9-1-1: Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
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