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List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America
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Statue in Statesboro, Georgia
This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials. The monuments and memorials honor the Confederate States of America, Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War.[1] These symbols include monuments, statues and plaques; flags; holidays and other observances; and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, counties, cities, lakes, dams, ships, military bases, and other public works. One 2017 study reported that if the majority (64 percent) of Confederate monuments – "nearly 2,600 markers, battlefields, museums, cemeteries, and other places that are largely historical in nature" – are excluded, there remain at least 1,503 symbols of the Confederacy that can be found in public spaces across the United States.[2]
Monuments and memorials are listed below alphabetically by state, and by city within each state. States not listed have no known qualifying items for the list.
For removed Confederate monuments and memorials, not all of which are included in this list, see Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Building and dedication
1.2 Removal
2 Distribution
2.1 Geographic dispersal
3 Confederate
3.1 Ships
4 National
4.1 United States Capitol
4.2 Coins and stamps
4.3 US military
4.3.1 Bases
4.3.2 Facilities
4.3.3 Current ships
4.3.4 Former ships
4.4 National Park Service
5 Multi-state
5.1 Highways
5.2 License plates
5.3 Holidays and observances
6 Alabama
6.1 Monuments
6.1.1 Courthouse monuments
6.1.2 Other public monuments
6.1.3 Private monuments
6.2 Inhabited places
6.3 Parks, water features and dams
6.4 Roads
6.5 Schools
6.6 State symbols
6.7 City symbols
7 Arizona
7.1 Monuments
7.1.1 Public monuments
7.1.2 Private monuments
7.2 Roads
7.3 Former
8 Arkansas
8.1 Monuments
8.1.1 Courthouse monuments
8.1.2 Other public monuments
8.2 Inhabited places
8.3 Parks
8.4 Roads
8.5 Schools
8.6 State symbols
8.7 Former
9 California
9.1 Monuments
9.2 Inhabited places
9.3 Roads
9.4 Schools
9.5 Mountains and recreation
9.6 Former
10 Colorado
10.1 Schools
10.2 Mine
10.3 Former
11 Delaware
12 Florida
12.1 Monuments
12.1.1 Courthouse monuments
12.1.2 Other public monuments
12.1.3 Private monuments
12.2 Inhabited places
12.2.1 Counties
12.2.2 Municipalities
12.3 Parks
12.4 Roads
12.5 Schools and libraries
12.6 State symbols
12.7 City symbols
12.8 Former
13 Georgia
13.1 Buildings
13.2 Monuments
13.2.1 Courthouse monuments
13.2.2 Other public monuments
13.2.3 Private monuments
13.3 Inhabited places
13.4 Parks
13.5 Public works
13.6 Roads
13.7 Schools
13.8 State symbols
13.9 City symbols
13.10 Photos
14 Idaho
14.1 Inhabited places
14.2 Natural features and recreation
15 Illinois
16 Indiana
17 Iowa
18 Kansas
18.1 Former
19 Kentucky
19.1 Monuments
19.2 Gallery
19.3 Inhabited places
19.4 Parks
19.5 Roads
19.6 Highways
19.7 Schools
19.8 Former
20 Louisiana
20.1 Buildings
20.2 Monuments
20.2.1 Courthouse monuments
20.2.2 Other public monuments
20.3 Inhabited places
20.4 Parks
20.5 Roads
20.6 Schools
20.7 Former
21 Maine
21.1 Former
22 Maryland
22.1 Monuments
22.1.1 Public monuments
22.1.2 Private monuments
22.2 Roads
22.3 State symbols
22.4 Former
22.5 Gallery
23 Massachusetts
23.1 Private memorials
24 Minnesota
25 Mississippi
25.1 Buildings
25.2 Monuments
25.2.1 Courthouse monuments
25.2.2 Other public monuments
25.3 Inhabited places
25.4 Water features and dams
25.5 Roads
25.6 Highways
25.7 Schools
25.8 State symbols
25.9 Photos
26 Missouri
26.1 Monuments
26.1.1 Courthouse monuments
26.1.2 Other public monuments
26.2 Inhabited places
26.3 Parks
26.4 Roads
26.5 Schools
26.6 Former
27 Montana
27.1 Former
28 Nevada
28.1 Former
29 New Jersey
30 New York
30.1 Monuments
30.1.1 Private monuments
30.2 Roads
31 North Carolina
31.1 Monuments
31.1.1 Courthouse monuments
31.1.2 Other public monuments
31.2 Inhabited places
31.3 Natural features
31.4 Roads
31.5 Former
32 Ohio
32.1 Monuments
32.2 Roads
32.3 Schools
32.4 Former
33 Oklahoma
33.1 Buildings
33.2 Monuments
33.3 Schools
33.4 Inhabited places
33.5 Roads
34 Oregon
34.1 Schools
35 Pennsylvania
35.1 Monuments
35.2 Roads
36 South Carolina
36.1 Monuments
36.1.1 Courthouse monuments
36.1.2 Other public monuments
36.2 Inhabited places
36.3 Roads
36.4 Schools
37 Tennessee
37.1 Buildings
37.2 Monuments
37.2.1 Courthouse monuments
37.2.2 Other public monuments
37.3 Parks
37.4 Roads
37.5 Inhabited places
37.6 Schools
37.7 Former
38 Texas
38.1 Buildings
38.2 Monuments
38.2.1 Courthouse monuments
38.2.2 Other public monuments
38.2.3 Private monuments
38.3 Inhabited places
38.3.1 Counties
38.3.2 Municipalities
38.4 Cemeteries
38.5 Parks
38.6 Roads
38.7 Schools
38.8 State symbols
38.9 Former
39 Vermont
40 Virginia
40.1 Buildings
40.2 Monuments
40.2.1 Courthouse monuments
40.2.2 Other public monuments
40.2.3 Private monuments
40.3 Inhabited places
40.4 Parks
40.5 Roads
40.6 Highways
40.7 Schools
40.8 Former
41 Washington State
41.1 Former
42 West Virginia
42.1 Monuments
42.2 Inhabited places
42.3 Parks and water features
42.4 Roads
43 Wisconsin
43.1 Former
44 International
44.1 Brazil
44.2 Canada
44.3 Ireland
44.4 Scotland
45 See also
46 Notes
47 References
48 Further reading
History[edit]
Building and dedication[edit]
Chart of public symbols of the Confederacy and its leaders as surveyed by the Southern Poverty Law Center, by year of establishment. Most of these were put up either during the Jim Crow era or during the Civil Rights movement, times of increased racial tension. [2][3][4][disputed – discuss]
Monuments and memorials began to be dedicated during the Civil War, with several more being planned for shortly after the war. Many monuments were dedicated in the years after 1890, when Congress established the first National Military Park at Chickamauga and Chattanooga, and by the turn of the twentieth century, five battlefields from the Civil War had been preserved: Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Vicksburg. At Vicksburg National Military Park, more than 95 percent of the park's monuments were erected in the first eighteen years after the park was established in 1899.[5] Many memorials were dedicated in the early 20th century, decades after the Civil War, and some have been built in the early 21st century, 150 years after the war.[1][3][6] Memorials have been dedicated on public spaces (including on courthouse grounds) either at public expense or funded by private organizations and donors. Numerous private memorials were also dedicated. Art historians Cynthia Mills and Pamela Simpson argued in their critical volume Monuments to the Lost Cause that the majority of Confederate monuments, of the type they define, were "commissioned by white women, in hope of preserving a positive vision of antebellum life.”[7][8]
Confederate monument-building has often been part of widespread campaigns to promote and justify Jim Crow laws in the South, and assert white supremacy.[1] According to historian Jane Dailey from University of Chicago, in many cases the purpose of the monuments was not to celebrate the past but rather to promote a "white supremacist future".[3] Another historian, Karyn Cox, from University of North Carolina has written that the monuments are "a legacy of the brutally racist Jim Crow era".[4] Another historian from UNC, James Leloudis, stated that "The funders and backers of these monuments are very explicit that they are requiring a political education and a legitimacy for the Jim Crow era and the right of white men to rule."[9] They were erected without the consent or even input of Southern African-Americans, who remembered the Civil War far differently, and who had no interest in honoring those who fought to keep them enslaved.[10] According to Civil War historian Judith Giesberg, professor of history at Villanova University, "White supremacy is really what these statues represent."[11] Monuments were also meant to beautify cities as part of the City Beautiful movement.[12]
Many Confederate monuments were dedicated in the former Confederate states and border states in the decades following the Civil War, in many instances by Ladies Memorial Associations, United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), United Confederate Veterans (UCV), Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV), the Heritage Preservation Association, and other memorial organizations.[13][14][15] Other Confederate monuments are located on Civil War battlefields. Many Confederate monuments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, either separately or as contributing objects within listings of courthouses or historic districts.
In the late nineteenth century, technology innovations in the granite and bronze industries helped reduce costs, and made monuments more affordable for small towns. Companies looking to capitalize off of this opportunity often sold nearly identical copies of monuments to both the North and South.[16] Another wave of monument construction coincided with the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–1968) and the American Civil War Centennial.[17] Thirty-two Confederate monuments were dedicated between 2000 and 2017, but not all were new monuments, several were re-dedications to mark the 100-year anniversary of their construction.[6]
Removal[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
After nine black churchgoers were killed in a racially-motivated massacre in Charleston, South Carolina in 2015, the city council of New Orleans, Louisiana ordered the removal of four monuments honoring the Confederacy. This began a larger, nationwide movement to remove other symbols of the rebellion, including Confederate flags. The 2017 Unite the Right rally and the death of a protester launched another wave of efforts to remove Confederate memorials and symbols across the United States.[18]
As of April 2017, at least 60 symbols of the Confederacy had been removed or renamed since 2015, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).[19]
Laws in various states prohibit or place restrictions on the removal of statutes amd memorials and in some cases prohibit renaming of parks, roads, and schools:
Alabama: Alabama Memorial Preservation Act (2017)
Mississippi: Mississippi Code of 1972, Title 55 on Parks and Recreation.[20] Also a portion of a 2011 law concerning the State flag, which was made a standalone law in 2004, prohibits the removal or alteration of statues and other monuments associated with military endeavors, including those for “the War Between the States”. The law also prohibits renaming those streets and schools which are named after “historical military figures” and “historical events.”[21]
North Carolina: Historic Artifact Management and Patriotism Act (2015)[22]
Tennessee: Tennessee Heritage Protection Act 2016 and a 2013 law.[20]
South Carolina: South Carolina Heritage Act of 2000[23]
Georgia: Has a law in place since the early 1900s, last amended 2004.[24]
Virginia: (1902)[25]
Distribution[edit]
Geographic dispersal[edit]
Confederate monuments are widely distributed across the Southern United States. The distribution pattern follows the general political boundaries of the Confederacy. Of the more than 1503 public monuments and memorials to the Confederacy, more than 718 are monuments and statues. Nearly 300 monuments and statues are in Georgia, Virginia, or North Carolina. According to one researcher, "the absence of monuments in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina indicates those regions' Union sentiment, and the few monuments in Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky reflect those states' ambivalent war-time politics." The Northern States that remained part of the Union, as well as the Western States that were largely settled after the Civil War, have few or no memorials to the Confederacy.
Scholarly studies of the monuments began in the 1980s. In 1983 John J. Winberry published a study which was based on data from the work of R.W. Widener.[26] He estimated that the main building period for monuments was from 1889 to 1929 and that of the monuments erected in courthouse squares over half were built between 1902 and 1912. He determined four main locations for monuments; battlefields, cemeteries, county courthouse grounds, and state capitol grounds. Over a third of the courthouse monuments were dedicated to the dead. The majority of the cemetery monuments in his study were built in the pre-1900 period, while most of the courthouse monuments were erected after 1900. Of the 666 monuments in his study 55% were of Confederate soldiers, while 28% were obelisks. Soldiers dominated courthouse grounds, while obelisks account for nearly half of cemetery monuments. The idea that the soldier statues always faced north was found to be untrue and that the soldiers usually faced the same direction as the courthouse. He noted that the monuments were "remarkably diverse" with "only a few instances of repetition of inscriptions".
He categorized the monuments into four types. Type 1 was a Confederate soldier on a column with his weapon at parade rest, or weaponless and gazing into the distance. These accounted for approximately half the monuments studied. They are however the most popular among the courthouse monuments. Type 2 was a Confederate soldier on a column with rifle ready, or carrying a flag or bugle. Type 3 was an obelisk, often covered with drapery and bearing cannon balls or an urn. This type was 28% of the monuments studied, but 48% of the monuments in cemeteries and 18% of courthouse monuments. Type 4 was a miscellaneous group, including arches, standing stones, plaques, fountains, etc. These account for 17% of the monuments studied.
Over a third of the courthouse monuments were specifically dedicated to the Confederate dead. The first courthouse monument was erected in Bolivar, Tennessee, in 1867. By 1880 nine courthouse monuments had been erected. Winberry noted two centers of courthouse monuments; the Potomac counties of Virginia, from which the tradition spread to North Carolina, and a larger area covering Georgia, South Carolina and northern Florida. The diffusion of courthouse monuments was aided by organizations such as the United Confederate Veterans and their publications, though other factors may also have been effective.
Winberry listed four reasons for the shift from cemeteries to courthouses. First was the need to preserve the memory of the Confederate dead and also recognize the veterans who returned. Second was to celebrate the rebuilding of the south after the war. Third was the romanticizing of the Lost Cause, and the fourth was to unify the white population in a common heritage against the interests of African American southerners. He concluded-"No one of these four possible explanations for the Confederate monument is adequate or complete in itself. The monument is a symbol, but whether it was a memory of the past, a celebration of the present, or a portent of the future remains a difficult question to answer; monuments and symbols can be complicated and sometimes indecipherable."[27]
Confederate[edit]
Ships[edit]
USS Robert E Lee (ballistic missile submarine) named by the United States Navy in honor of Gen. Robert E. Lee.
National[edit]
United States Capitol[edit]
There are eight Confederate figures in the National Statuary Hall Collection, in the United States Capitol.
In the National Statuary Hall Collection, in the United States Capitol, each state has provided statues of two citizens that the state wants to honor. The following Confederate figures are among them, many in Confederate Army uniforms.[28] Dates reflect when the statue was given to the collection:[29][30]
Robert E. Lee (Virginia, 1909)[31]
Zebulon Baird Vance (North Carolina, 1916)[32]
Edmund Kirby Smith (Florida, 1922) (Florida plans to replace this statue, but as of 2017 a replacement figure has not been chosen.)[33][34]
Joseph Wheeler (Alabama, 1925)[35]
Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Georgia, 1927)[36]
Wade Hampton III (South Carolina, 1929)[37]
Jefferson Davis (Mississippi, 1931)[38]
James Z. George (Mississippi, 1931)[39]
Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (Alabama, 1908) was replaced by a statue of Helen Keller in 2009[40]
United States Senate: Jefferson Davis Senate Desk reserved for Senior Senator of Mississippi in 1995[41][42][43]
Brigadier General Albert Pike (1901) is an outdoor statue owned by the National Park Service at 3rd and D Streets NW in the Judiciary Square neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Pike was a Confederate General and leading Freemason and is dressed as a mason in the sculpture,[1][30][44] The statue is a “portrait of Albert Pike as a Masonic leader and not as a general in the military,"[45] a point also underscored by James Goode in The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C.[46] Jacobs further points out that during the argument about whether or not to allow the monument to be erected in Washington, "the Masons emphasized that that Pike was being honored not as a soldier but as a civilian, and they prevailed."[47]
The Confederate Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery was authorized in 1906 by the United States Secretary of War William Howard Taft and unveiled in 1914.[48]
Coins and stamps[edit]
Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson were portrayed by the US Mint on the 1925 Commemorative silver US half dollar, along with the words "Stone Mountain". The coin was a fundraiser by for the Stone Mountain monument to honor the Confederate Generals. The authorized issue was 5 million coins, to be sold at $1 each, but that proved overly optimistic and only 1.3 million coins released, many of which ended up in circulation after being spent for face value.[49]
Robert E. Lee has been commemorated on at least 5 US postage stamps. One 1936–37 stamp featured Generals Lee and Stonewall Jackson with Lee's home Stratford Hall.[50][51]
US military[edit]
Bases[edit]
There are 10 major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States.[1] In 2015 the Pentagon declared it would not be renaming these facilities,[52] and declined to make further comment in 2017.[53]
Fort Lee, Virginia (1917) named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee
Camp Beauregard, Louisiana (1917) named for CSA Gen. Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard.[54]
Fort Benning, Alabama/Georgia border (1917) named for CSA Brig. Gen. Henry L. Benning
Fort Gordon, Georgia (1917) named for CSA Maj. Gen. John Brown Gordon
Fort Bragg, North Carolina (1918) named for CSA Gen. Braxton Bragg. The largest military installation in the world by population.[55]
Fort Polk, Louisiana (1941) named for CSA Gen. Leonidas Polk
Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia (1941) named for CSA Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill
Fort Pickett, Virginia (1942) named for CSA Gen. George Pickett
Fort Rucker, Alabama (1942) named for CSA Gen. Edmund Rucker[52]
Fort Hood, Texas (1942) Named for CSA Gen. John Bell Hood.[56]
Camp Breckinridge, near Morganfield, Kentucky (closed). Named for John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice President and Confederate general. Prisoner of war camp during World War II; used for Army basic training during the Korean War. Currently houses the Earle C. Clements Job Corps Center.
Facilities[edit]
Lee Barracks, named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee (1962), at U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York.[57]
U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland:
Buchanan House, the Naval Academy superintendent’s home, named for CSA naval officer Franklin Buchanan.[58] A road near the house is also memorialized in Buchanan's name.
Maury Hall, home to the academy’s division of Weapons and Systems Engineering, named for US naval officer in charge of the Depot of Charts and Instruments at Washington and later CSA naval officer Matthew Fontaine Maury.[58][59] Maury was internationally known for his scientific career in meteorology both before and after the war and for perfecting the "electric torpedo" during the Civil War as a CSA naval officer.
Current ships[edit]
USNS Maury (T-AGS-66) (2013)
Former ships[edit]
USS Buchanan: Three U.S. Navy destroyers have been named in honor of the highest ranked Confederate Admiral Franklin Buchanan
USS Buchanan (DD-131) 1919–1940 then transferred to UK Navy
USS Buchanan (DD-484) 1941–1949 then transferred to Turkey's Navy
USS Buchanan (DDG-14) 1960–1991 then sank as target in 2000
USS Maury – 5 former ships have carried the Maury name dating from WWI and WWII.
USS Semmes – two destroyers have been named for Raphael Semmes.
USS Semmes (DD-189) 1920–1946
USS Semmes (DDG-18) 1962–1991
USS Tom Green County (LST-1159) 1953–1972 then transferred to Spain. The namesake Texas County was named for CSA Brig Gen Thomas Green
Three ships named for Confederate leaders fell into Union hands during the Civil War. The Union Navy retained the names of these ships while turning their guns against the Confederacy:
USS General Bragg (1851), named by the Confederate States Navy in honor of Gen. Braxton Bragg. Captured June 1862 and operated by the Union as USS General Bragg
Beauregard a privateer with letters of marque issued by the Confederacy, named in honor of Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard. Captured as a prize and purchased on Feb. 24, 1862 by the Union Navy which operated it as the USS Beauregard.
USS General Price (1862) a Confederate ship sunk in battle, raised and used by the Union until sold in 1865.
National Park Service[edit]
This list includes NPS administered sites where the primary history is Civil War, and sites that include features named for significant figures in the Confederate states:
Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, Virginia: the antebellum home of Robert E. Lee. During the war, the estate became the site of Arlington National Cemetery, in part to ensure that Lee could never return to his home. The NPS describes the property this way "Arlington House is the nation’s memorial to Robert E. Lee. It honors him for specific reasons, including his role in promoting peace and reunion after the Civil War. In a larger sense it exists as a place of study and contemplation of the meaning of some of the most difficult aspects of American History: military service; sacrifice; citizenship; duty; loyalty; slavery and freedom."[60]
Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia and Tennessee: Numerious monuments and memorials to Confederate soldiers and units, as well as Union monuments.
Fort Davis National Historic Site, Texas: post founded 1854 and named for then US Secretary of War Jeff Davis
Fort Donelson National Battlefield, Tennessee/Kentucky: the Confederate fort was named for CSA General Daniel Smith Donelson but captured by Union General Grant in 1862, who retained the Fort's name saying "Fort Donelson will hereafter be marked in Capitals on the maps of our United Country..." Designated a National Military Park in 1928, National Battlefield in 1985.[61]
Fort Pulaski National Monument, Georgia: first saw action as a Confederate fort.
Gettysburg Battlefield. In addition to the monuments listed below, the battlefield features monuments to specific Confederate units.[62]
Main article: List of monuments of the Gettysburg Battlefield § Confederate monuments
Alabama State Monument (1933)
Arkansas State Monument (1966)
"Armistead's Last Stand" Marker, for Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Armistead (1887)
Army of Northern Virginia Marker (1908)
Culp Brothers' Memorial (2013) Near entrance Gettysburg Heritage Center, Honors Confederate Private Wesley Culp and brother Union Army, Lieutenant William Culp (“brother against brother”).[63]
Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Headquarters Marker (1920)
Florida State Monument (1963)
Georgia State Monument (1961)
Lt. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill's Headquarters Marker (1920)
Gen. Robert E. Lee Equestrian Statue (1917)
Gen. Robert E. Lee Headquarters Marker (1920)
Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Equestrian Statue (1998)
Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Headquarters Marker (1907)
Louisiana State Monument (1971)
Maryland State Monument (1994). Honors Maryland soldiers on both the Union and Confederate sides.
Mississippi State Monument (1973)
North Carolina State Monument (1929)
North Carolina Memorial Tablet
Soldiers and Sailors of the Confederacy Monument (1965)
South Carolina State Monument (1963)
Tennessee State Monument (1982)
Texas State Monument (1964)
Virginia State Monument (1917). Topped by an equestrian statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee.
Great Basin National Park, Nevada: Jefferson Davis Peak elv 3,893 m/12,771 ft (1855) in the Snake Range Mountains[64] Attached Wheeler Peak, to which Jefferson Davis peak is attached, was originally named for than US Secretary of War Jefferson Davis.[65]
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: The Lamar River (named 1884–85) is named for L.Q.C. Lamar, a secessionist who drafted the instrument of Mississippi's secession and raised a regiment for the Confederates with his own money. He served as a Confederate ambassador to Russia. The river was named while he served as the United States Secretary of the Interior after the war. The Lamar Valley and other park features or administrative names which contain Lamar are derived from this original naming.[66]
Multi-state[edit]
Commemorations that involve multiple states.
Highways[edit]
Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, Virginia to San Diego, California
Lee Highway, New York City to San Francisco.
License plates[edit]
Nine states have issued commemorative or affinity license plates for the Sons of Confederate Veterans as a result of a national campaign for approval of such plates. Starting in the late 1990s, The SCV took various states to court and each time won the right to issue plates and include their Confederate Battle Flag based logo on the basis it was a free speech issue[67] however the 2015 US Supreme Court Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans allowed states to remove the Confederate flag from plates finding that the plates were speech by the state. The use of the Confederate Battle Flag and other Confederate symbols on the plates has stirred controversy but Jay Barringer, commander of the Maryland Division of Sons of Confederate Veterans countered "We're trying to divest ourselves of the negative associations" with the Confederate flag.[67] In some states revenues are shared with the SCV organization.
Alabama: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (2013–current)[68][69]
Georgia: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (2014–current)[69] The plate was condemned as racist by critics.[70][71] In 2015 the state suspended sales after the South Carolina church shooting but resumed sales after a redesign removed a Confederate Battle Flag from across the background, but left the small flag in the SCV logo.[72][73]
Louisiana: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate. (1999–current) Prior to 2016 between zero and 14 plates were issued each year. In fiscal 2016, 61 plates were issued after it became an election issue.[74]
Maryland: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (????–current) 18 years after a court decision finding the plates were protected as free speech, in November 2015 Maryland recalled the plates with the Confederate Battle flag and replaced them with a version without the offending flag, following the US Supreme Court ruling in Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans[75][76] There were 178 plates in 2015.[77]
Mississippi: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (2003–current) featuring the Confederate Battle Flag in the organization logo[78][69] Revised in 2011 for the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. A proposal to put General Forrest on the plates created controversy.[79]
North Carolina: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (1998–current)[80][69]
South Carolina: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (????–current) a 2015 report found that 1,020 plates generated about $20,000 every two years for SCV under a revenue sharing deal with the state.[77]
Tennessee:
Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (1999–current)[81] In 2015 a little over 3,000 plates showed the SCV logo.[82]
United Daughters of the Confederacy (1998-????)[81]
Tennessee Historical Commission (1998-????) included Confederate imagery[81]
Virginia:
Robert E. Lee Commemorative License Plate (????–current) which gives his birth and death dates and the words "Southern Gentleman"
Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (????–current)[83] In 2015 the state banned plates with the Confederate Battle Flag, following a federal court ruling.[76] There were 1,677 SCV plates in 2015 and no revenue sharing arrangement with the SCV.[77]
Texas: refused to issue SCV plates in 2011,[67] which the SCV took to the US Supreme Court, and lost in June 2015. Texas then banned plates with the Confederate Battle Flag.[76] The organization vowed to continue fighting for the issuance of plates by submitting alternative designs.[84]
Holidays and observances[edit]
Confederate Memorial Day is a public holiday observed by the U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Carolina, Louisiana[citation needed] and Texas and an unofficially observed holiday in some other states. It is often in late April to align with the final surrender of the last Confederate Army. Texas observes Confederate Heroes Day
Confederate History Month has been declared at least once in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia as well as by various cities, usually in April to augment Confederate Memorial Day.
Robert E. Lee Day (on or around Lee's Jan. 19 birthday) is observed in Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida.[citation needed]
Arkansas combined the observance of Robert E. Lee Day with Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in 1985.[85] In 2017, it passed a law removing Lee's name from the January holiday and instead establishing a state memorial day on the second Saturday of October in honor of Lee.[86]
Lee–Jackson Day is a holiday celebrated in Virginia for the birthdays of Robert E. Lee (Feb 19) and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson (Jan 21) The original 1889 holiday celebrated Lee's birthday until Jackson's name was added to the holiday in 1904. The holiday is currently observed on the Friday before Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
Alabama[edit]
There are at least 107 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Alabama.[1]
The 2017 Alabama Memorial Preservation Act was passed to prevent removal of Confederate monuments and memorials.[87][88][89]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Pickens County War Memorial in Carrollton, Alabama with dedications to men and women of the Confederacy, the Spanish-American War, and World War I
Detail of Troy Confederate Monument in Troy, Alabama, showing cavalryman, infantryman, and a Confederate flag made of flowers
Raphael Semmes monument in Mobile, Alabama by sculptor Caspar Buberl
Confederate Memorial Monument in Montgomery, Alabama by sculptor Alexander Doyle
Jackson County Court House, Birmingham, 1932[clarification needed][90]
Ashville: Confederate Soldiers of Ashville Monument, St. Clair County Courthouse, erected in 1923 by UDC, Ashville Chapter.[91]
Athens: Confederate Soldiers Memorial, Limestone County Courthouse, erected in 1922, by UCV and UDC.[92]
Butler: Confederate Monument, Choctaw County Courthouse, erected in 1936 by UDC, Choctaw Ruffin Dragoon Chapter.[93]
Carrollton: Confederate War Memorial, Pickens County Courthouse, erected in 1927.[94]
Centre: Confederate Memorial, Cherokee County Courthouse, dedicated in 1988 by SCV, Emma Sansom Camp No. 27.[95]
Centreville: Confederate Monument, Bibb County Courthouse, erected in 1910 by UDC, Leonard Calloway Pratt Chapter No. 1056.[96] "These were men who by the simple manhood of their lives, by their strict adherence to the principles of right, by their sublime courage and unspeakable sacrifices, even to the heroism of death, have preserved for us through the gloom of defeat a priceless heritage of honor."[97]
Decatur: Confederate Monument, near Morgan County Courthouse, erected in 1922 by UDC, Joe Wheeler Chapter No. 291.[98]
Fayette: Confederate Monument, Fayette County Courthouse, erected in 1929 by UDC, Fayette Chapter.[99]
Florence: Confederate Monument, Lauderdale County Courthouse, erected in 1903, Ladies Memorial Association.[100]
Greensboro: Confederate Monument, Hale County Courthouse, erected in 1904, Ladies Memorial Association of Greensboro.
Huntsville: Confederate Veterans Memorial, Madison County Courthouse, erected in 1905 by UDC.[101]
Jasper: Confederate Monument, Walker County Courthouse, erected in 1907, Jasper County Chapter 925 by UDC.[102]
Livingston: Confederate Monument, Sumter County Courthouse, erected in 1908 by UDC, Sumter Chapter.[103]
Moulton: Confederate Monument, Lawrence County Courthouse, placed in 2006 by SCV, Lt. J. K. McBride Camp No. 241 and the Alabama Division.[104]
Tuscumbia: Confederate Veterans Monument, Colbert County Courthouse, erected in 1911 by UDC, Tuscumbia Chapter.[105]
Tuskegee: Tuskegee Confederate Monument, Town Square, erected in 1906 by UDC of Macon County, Alabama.[106]
Other public monuments[edit]
Anniston: Major John Pelham Monument, Quintard Avenue, erected in 1905 through the efforts of Clarence J. Owens, president of Anniston College for Young Ladies.[107]
Athens: Limestone County Confederate Soldiers Memorial, Athens City Cemetery, erected in 1909 by UDC, Joseph E. Johnston Chapter
Birmingham: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Linn Park, completed in 1905 by UDC, Pelham Chapter No. 67.[92] In August 2017 Birmingham Mayor William A. Bell ordered the monument covered in plastic and surrounded by plywood, acknowledging state law prohibits removing it, but arguing the law does not prohibit covering it up. He said: "This country should in no way tolerate the hatred that the KKK, neo-Nazis, fascists and other hate groups spew. The God I know doesn't put one race over another." The Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall sued the Mayor and the City over the action.[108][109]
Demopolis:
Confederate Monument (1910). It was destroyed on July 16, 2016 when a policeman accidentally crashed his patrol car into the monument. The statue fell from its pedestal and was heavily damaged. In 2017, the Demopolis city council voted 3–2 to move the damaged Confederate statue to a local museum and to install a new obelisk memorial that honors both the Union and the Confederate soldiers.[110][110][111]
Breastworks Confederate Memorial (1941)
Eufaula: Confederate Monument, erected in 1905 by UDC, Barbour County Chapter.[112]
Fort Payne: Confederate Monument, erected in 1913, by UDC and SCV of DeKalb County, Alabama.[113]
Gadsden:
Emma Sansom and Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument, unveiled in 1907 by UDC, Gadsden Chapter.[114]
Turkey Town Monument, dedicated in 1992 by SCV, Turkey Town Valley Camp #1512.[115]
Greenville: Butler County Confederate Memorial, "Our Confederate Dead", at Confederate Park, erected in 1903 by UDC of Butler County, Alabama, Father Ryan Chapter.[116]
Hamilton: Confederate Veterans Bicentennial Memorial (1977)
Hayneville: Soldiers of Lowndes County Who Died in Service, Hayneville Town Square.
Headland: Henry County Confederate Memorial, erected in 1936 by UDC, Headland Chapter No. 1673.[117]
Jacksonville: Confederate Monument, Jacksonville Town Square (1909).[118]
Lowndesboro: Our Confederate Soldiers Monument, erected in 1929, by the Lowndesboro Chapter of UDC of Lowndes County, Alabama
Midway
Granite boulder marker at Hwy 82 & 51 erected to commemorate the Jefferson Davis Highway and Soldiers of the Confederacy.
Confederate Memorial Marker at corner of Hwy 82 and Main Street in honour of Midway Guards prior drill grounds erected by UDC (1960)[119]
Millbrook: Robinson Springs Camp Confederate Monument, erected in 1913, by UCV Camp No. 396, Elmore County, Alabama.[120]
Mobile
Statue of Admiral Raphael Semmes, on Government Street near the Bankhead Tunnel, dedicated in 1900 by SCV, Raphael Semmes Camp 11.[121]
10” Rifled Sea Coast Columbiad, Government Street, placed 2004 by SCV, Admiral Raphael Semmes Camp No. 11.[122]
Montgomery
Confederate Memorial Monument, also known as the "Monument to Confederate Soldiers and Sailors", on the grounds of the Alabama State Capitol, completed in 1898.[123]
Dexter Avenue Monument (1942)
Jefferson Davis Presidential Star, Alabama State Capitol Steps, placed in 1897 by UDC, Sophie Bibb Chapter.[124]
Jefferson Davis statue, on the grounds of the Alabama State Capitol, erected in 1940 by UDC.[125]
John Allan Wyeth – M.D., L.L.D. Marker
Robert E. Lee statue, Robert E. Lee High School, dedicated in 1908, moved in 1960.[126]
Opelika: Confederate Monument, erected in 1911 by UDC, Robert E. Lee Chapter.[127]
Ozark: Dale County Confederate Soldiers Monument, erected in 1910, Stonewall Jackson Chapter by UDC No. 667 of Dale County, Alabama
Prattville:
Confederate Monument, City Hall Square, erected in 1908 by UDC.[128]
Prattville Dragoons Memorial Monument (SCV) (2002)
Rogersville: CSA Gen. Joseph Wheeler Monument, Joe Wheeler State Park, erected in 2006 by SCV, Freeman's Battery Forrest's Artillery Camp No. 1939.[129]
"Arsenal Place" memorial in Selma, Alabama
Selma:
Edmund Pettus Bridge; (built 1940, carries US Route 80) is named for the Confederate General and Alabama Grand Dragon of the KKK. Ironically, this bridge is now famous as the site of "Bloody Sunday" March 7, 1965, when, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., "some 600 civil rights marchers headed east out of Selma... They got only as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge six blocks away, where state and local lawmen attacked them with billy clubs and tear gas and drove them back into Selma."[130]
Defense of Selma Memorial, erected in 1907 by UDC.[128][131]
Memorial boulder marking The Selma Ordnance and Naval Foundry "destroyed by the Federals 1865," placed "...in honor of the memory of hundreds of faithful men who made these great works a base for war material for the entire Confederate Army and Navy." Erected 1917 Alabama Division United Daughters of Confederacy.[132]
"Arsenal Place" memorial (1931), marking the site of the Confederate ordnance works "destroyed by the Union Army April 6, 1865".
A memorial arch on the grounds of the Federal Building / U.S. Courthouse honors Confederate Generals and Senators John Tyler Morgan and Edmund Pettus, who were instrumental in securing Federal appropriations for the State.
Bust of Nathan Bedford Forrest in Old Live Oak Cemetery.
Old Live Oak Cemetery, a Selma city-owned property, incorporates various features including:
Jefferson Davis Memorial Chair – an inscribed stone chair
Confederate Memorial Circle, dedicated in 1878, Confederate Memorial Association.[128]
Nathon Bedford Forrest Bust Monument (2000) Built partly with city funds, sponsored by Friends of Forrest and UDC.[133] The bust of Forrest was allegedly stolen sometime later. The base is inscribed in part "defender of Selma, wizard of the saddle, untutored genius, the first with the most."[134](Images all sides)[135]
A Confederate Soldier Monument (pre-1881) with cannons protecting it
Graves and memorials to four CSA generals, John Tyler Morgan, Edmund Winston Pettus, Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, William J. Hardee and Confederate Navy Commander Catesby ap Roger Jones
A building historically used for concerts and Confederate Memorial Day celebrations
Elodie Todd Dawson Monument (sister-in-law to President Lincoln, strong advocate for the Confederacy)[136]
Troy: "Comrades" Confederate Monument; erected in 1908, Pike Monumental Association, UCV, and UDC of Pike County, Alabama.[137]
Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Civil War Memorial, South entrance of Amelia Gayle Gorgas Library, erected in 1914 by UDC, Alabama Division.[138]
Private monuments[edit]
Mesopotamia Cemetery, Eutaw, Alabama
Auburn: Auburn Guard Monument, Pine Hill Cemetery, dedicated in 1893, Ladies Memorial Association, forerunner of UDC.[92]
Brantley: Unknown Alabama Confederate Soldiers, a new Confederate monument, was installed in Confederate Veterans Memorial Park in Brantley two weeks after the Rally the Right rally in August 2017. The park is privately owned.[139][140]
Birmingham: Confederate Monument, Elmwood Cemetery, dedicated in 1906, UCV, Camp Hardee.[92]
Boligee: Confederate Monument, Bethsalem Cemetery, unveiled in 1896, Ladies Memorial Association.[141]
Camden: Confederate Monument, erected in 1880, Ladies Memorial and Wilcox Monumental Associations, Wilcox County, Alabama.[141]
Eutaw: Confederate monument in Mesopotamia Cemetery.
Gainesville:
Confederate Dead Monument, Gainesville Cemetery, erected in 1876, Ladies Memorial Association of Gainesville.[141]
Forrest Confederate Monument, erected in 1923 by UDC.[142]
Jacksonville: The Gallant Pelham Statue, Jacksonville City Cemetery, erected in 1905 by UDC, John H. Forney Chapter.[118]
Mobile: Confederate Rest and Monument, Magnolia Cemetery, erected in 1874.[143]
Tuscaloosa: Confederate Monument, Greenwood Cemetery, erected in 1880 by the Ladies Memorial Association.[144]
Union Springs: Confederate Monument, Old City Cemetery (The Confederate Cemetery), dedicated in 1893, Ladies Memorial Association.[145]
Inhabited places[edit]
Bullock County (1866) named for secessionist politician and CSA Col. Edward Bullock
Chilton County (1868) named for William Parish Chilton, judge and member of the Confederate Provisional Congress
City of Clanton (1866) seat of Chilton County named for CSA Brig. Gen. James H. Clanton
Cleburne County (1866) named for CSA Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne
Hale County (1867) named for CSA Lt. Col. Stephen F. Hale; also a member of the Provisional Confederate States Congress
Lee County (1866) named for Robert E. Lee.
Beauregard, Alabama (unincorporated) in Lee County named for CSA Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
Wheeler, Alabama (unincorporated) location of the National Register of Historic Places listed Joseph Wheeler Plantation both named for the Confederate General.
Parks, water features and dams[edit]
Brantley: Confederate Veterans Memorial Park, privately owned.[139]
Demopolis: Confederate Park is the town square named so in 1923 at the request of UDC.
Florence: McFarland Park and Recreation Area, named for Confederate Maj. Robert McFarland.[146]
Greenville: Confederate Park (1910)
Marbury: Confederate Memorial Park. The site operated as the Old Soldiers Home for Confederate Veterans from 1902 to 1939. In 1964, the Alabama State Legislature established the memorial park, which now hosts a museum and archives.[147]
Mountain Creek: Confederate Memorial Park[148] and Alabama Confederate Soldiers Home
Rogersville: Joe Wheeler State Park (1949) beside Wheeler Lake and Wheeler Dam all named for Confederate General and U.S. Congressman Joseph Wheeler.
Shelby Springs: Confederate Training Camp, Hospital, Old Soldiers Home, Cemetery and Monument[149][150][151]
Roads[edit]
Dauphin Island: Beauregard Street
Fair Hope: Jeff Davis Street
Gardendale: Robert E. Lee Drive
Hodges: Robert E. Lee Drive
Leeds: Robert E. Lee Street
Livingston:
Forrest Drive
Hood Street, named for CSA Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood
Jefferson Davis Drive
Lee Street
Longstreet Drive, named for CSA general James Longstreet.
Morgan Drive, named for CSA Gen. John Hunt Morgan
Stonewall Street
McCalla: Confederate Parkway
Millbrook: Robert E. Lee Drive
Mobile:
Beauregard Street
Forrest Street
Johnston Street, named for Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston
Polk Street, named for CSA Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk
Robert E. Lee Street
Van Dorn Street, named for CSA Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn
Montgomery:
Beauregard Street
Jefferson Davis Avenue
Ozark:
Jeb Stuart Court
Stonewall Circle
Trussville: Robert Lee Street
Schools[edit]
Brewton: Jefferson Davis Community College (1965)
Huntsville: Lee High School (1957), home to the Lee Generals.[152]
Montgomery:
Jefferson Davis High School (1968)
Robert E. Lee High School (1955). The school mascot is the General[152]
Opelika:
Beauregard Elementary School (2001) new campus on Lee County Rd 300 constructed, previously shared location with high school[153]
Beauregard High School (1923)
Satsuma: Robert E. Lee Elementary School
Vestavia Hills City Schools, home of the Rebels. Until 2017, the school mascot was the Rebel Man, a Confederate Flag-waving Civil War rebel and plantation owner.[152]
State symbols[edit]
Coat of arms of Alabama
Alabama Coat of Arms (1923) and the State Seal include the Confederate Battle Flag.
Alabama State Flag (1895) The Alabama Department of Archives and History found in 1915 that the flag was meant to “preserve in permanent form some of the more distinctive features of the Confederate battle flag, particularly the St. Andrew’s cross.”[154] According to historian John M. Coski, the adoption of Alabama's flag coincided with the rise of Jim Crow laws and segregation,[155] as other former Confederate slave states, such as Mississippi and Florida, also adopted new state flags based off Confederate designs around the same time when those states instituted Jim Crow segregation laws themselves:[155]
The Governor's version of the State Flag includes St Andrew's Cross plus the State Coat of Arms with the Confederate Battle Flag inclusion and the military crest on the bottom.
Flag of the Governor since 1939
City symbols[edit]
Mobile: city flag includes the city seal which incorporates a small Confederate Battle Flag along with other flags.[1]
Montgomery:
The red and gray city flag includes a strip of stars from the Confederate Battle Flag.
The city seal (seen here) includes the words "Cradle of the Confederacy" and "Birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement"
Arizona[edit]
There are at least six public spaces with Confederate monuments in Arizona.[156]
Monuments[edit]
Public monuments[edit]
Phoenix:
Memorial to Arizona Confederate Troops, in Wesley Bolin Park, next to the Arizona State Capitol, erected by UDC. (1961)[157]
Picacho Peak State Park: Battlefield Marker, plaque and monument. Commemorates the Battle of Picacho Pass, the furthest west the Confederates fought. The plaque in particular only honors the Confederate troops. The marker states 3 Union soldiers buried on battlefield and includes both US Union and CSA flag.[157][158][159]
Sierra Vista: Confederate Memorial, Historical Soldiers Memorial Cemetery area of the state-owned Southern Arizona Veterans' Cemetery. The monument was erected in 2010 to honor the twenty-one soldiers interred in that cemetery who served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and later fought in Indian wars in Arizona as members of the U.S. Army.[157][160]
Private monuments[edit]
Phoenix: Arizona Confederate Veterans Monument, at Greenwood Memory Lawn Cemetery, erected by SCV (1999)[157]
Roads[edit]
Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway marker 50 miles east of Phoenix erected by UDC 1943. Tarred and feathered August 16, 2017.[157][161]
Greenwood Memory Lawn Cemetery, Phoenix. A private cemetery (Masons)
Wesley Bolin Park, Phoenix
Picacho Battle Field Marker.
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Fort Breckinridge: Named for John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice President, from its opening in 1860 until 1862, when it was renamed Fort Breckenridge to distance it from Breckinridge, who had become a Confederate general. Named Camp Grant (for Union general Ulysses S. Grant) in 1865. Site closed in 1872, when Camp Grant was moved to a new location.
Arkansas[edit]
There are at least 57 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Arkansas.[1]
Monuments[edit]
Van Buren Confederate Monument at Crawford County Courthouse in Van Buren, Arkansas.
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Arkadelphia Confederate Monument (1911)
Blytheville Confederate War Memorial (1934)
Camden Confederate Monument (1915)
Conway Confederate Monument (1925)
El Dorado Confederate Monument (1909)
Ft. Smith Confederate Monument (1903)
Lake Village Confederate Monument (1910)
Lonoke Confederate Monument (1910)
Marion: Crittenden County Civil War Memorial (1936)
Osceola: Osceola Confederate Monument (1934)
Searcy Confederate Monument. Erected in 1917 on the grounds of the White County courthouse. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in White County, Arkansas. Consists of a statue of a Confederate soldier.[162]
Van Buren Confederate Monument (1899)
Other public monuments[edit]
Star City Confederate Memorial is located on the town square adjacent to Star City Commercial Historic District in Star City. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Robert E. Lee Monument in Marianna, the county seat of Lee County, Arkansas
Batesville Confederate Monument (1907)
Benton: Confederate Veterans' Memorial
Bentonville Confederate Monument (1908)
Clarendon Confederate Memorial
Clarksville: Clarksville Confederate Monument, (1902) The Oakland Cemetery obelisk inscribed, "Sacred to the memory of our Confederate dead," was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.[163]
Dardanelle Confederate Monument (1921)
Fort Smith: Jefferson Davis Memorial (1937)
Harrison: Boone County Confederate Veterans Memorial, on the grounds of the Boone County Courthouse (1986)
Hot Springs:
Confederate State Capital, Bathhouse Row
Hot Springs Confederate Monument (1934)
Jacksonport: Jackson County Confederate Memorial (1914)
Jacksonville: Bayou Meto Hornets
Little Rock:
Children of the Confederacy
Confederate Bench (1936)
Confederate Last Stand Monument
Confederate Soldiers Monument; marks the mass burial of 640 Confederate soldiers at Little Rock National Cemetery (1884)[164]
Confederate Soldiers Monument, also known as Defense of the Flag, Arkansas State Capitol grounds, (1905).[165]
Confederate War Prisoners Memorial, Arkansas State Capitol grounds.[165]
CSS Pontchartrain
David Owen Dodd Execution Site
Little Rock Confederate Memorial at Little Rock National Cemetery
Memorial to Company A Confederate Soldiers (1911)
Monument to Confederate Soldiers (1905)
Monument to Confederate Women (or "Mother of the South"), Arkansas State Capitol grounds, Little Rock, Arkansas. Statue depicts a mother and daughter saying good-bye to their 16-year-old son and brother who is leaving to join his father in the fighting. (1913)[162]
Old State House, several on the grounds:[166]
David O. Dodd Memorial (1923)
Defenders Memorial Plaque (1932)[167]
Gen. Thomas J. Churchill Memorial (1928)
Gen. William Read Scurry Memorial (1928)
Old State House Confederate Memorial[168]
Southern Soldiers Memorial
Magnolia: Gen. John Porter McCown Monument
Marianna: Gen. Robert E. Lee Monument, 1910.
Marmaduke: John Sappington Marmaduke Memorial
Monticello Confederate Monument
New Edinburg: Captain Richard Tunball Banks Monument, 1864.
Newport: Jackson Guards Memorial, built in 1914. Monument consists of a statue of a single Confederate soldier and a roster of the men who served in the Jackson Guards and the slaves who supported them. The only Confederate monument in Arkansas built entirely with funds raised by private subscription, although it was built on a prominent piece of land donated by the city of Hot Springs.[162]
Pea Ridge:
Confederate Generals Memorial (1887)[169]
Reunited Soldiery Monument (1889), one of the first to honor both Confederate and Union soldiers to be placed on a battlefield.[170]
Texas Memorial, Pea Ridge City Park (1964).[171]
Pine Bluff
David O. Dodd Memorial
Pine Bluff Confederate Monument (1910)
Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park
General Robert G. Shaver Headquarters Monument (Battle of Prairie Grove) (1932)
Hindman Hall Museum (1965)
Major General Thomas C. Hindman Marker
Monument Commemorating the Valor, Sacrifice, and Fortitude of the Youth of Arkansas In the Confederacy (1937)
Prescott: Confederate War Memorial (1964)
Smithville: Confederate War Memorial (1996)[172]
Star City: Star City Confederate Memorial (1926) Erected on the courthouse grounds, moved in 1943 and moved again to its original position, now the town square, in the 1990s. Consists of a statue of a Confederate soldier.[162]
Van Buren, Arkansas:
Conferate Memorial (1906) Originally at Fairview cemetery.
Fairview Cemetery Confederate Memorial; replacement when original was moved to downtown.[173]
Washington:
Confederate Masonic Memorial
Washington Confederate Monument (1888), Washington Presbyterian Cemetery. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.[174][175]
Inhabited places[edit]
Cleburne County (1883), named for CSA Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne.[176]
Faulkner County (1873), named for CSA Col. Sanford Faulkner.[177]
City of Forrest City (1870), named for CSA Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest.[178]
Lee County (1873), named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee.[179]
Parks[edit]
Russellville: Confederate Mothers Memorial Park (1921). Land for the public park was donated by UDC and includes three stone monuments, each one placed by a different Confederate veterans or memorial organization, honoring the mothers of the Confederacy.[180]
Roads[edit]
El Dorado: Robert E. Lee Street
Forrest City: Confederate Drive
Heber Springs: Jefferson Davis Road
Hughes: Jeff Davis Street
Jacksonville: Jeff Davis Avenue
Lake Village: Confederate Street
Little Rock
Beauregard Drive
Claiborne Drive
Longstreet Drive
Pickett Drive
Malvern: Robert E. Lee Street
Wilson: Jeb Stuart Drive
Schools[edit]
Forrest City:
Forrest City High School (1914)
Forrest City Junior High School
Little Rock: Robert E. Lee School
Pine Bluff: Forrest Park Prep Preschool
Springdale: Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1951)
State symbols[edit]
Flag of Arkansas The blue star above "ARKANSAS" represents the Confederate States of America and is placed above the three other stars for the countries (Spain, France and the US) to which the State belonged before statehood. The diamond represents the nations only diamond mine with bordering 25 stars symbolizing 25th state to join.[154] The design of the border around the white diamond evokes the saltire found on the Confederate battle flag.[181]
Flag of Arkansas since 1913
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Fort Smith: Southside High School: Until 2016, the school nickname was the Rebels. Its mascot was Johnny Reb, a fictional personification of a Confederate soldier. The school also discontinued the use of "Dixie" as its fight song.[182]
Little Rock: Confederate Boulevard was renamed to Springer Boulevard in 2015. The new name honors an African-American family prominent in the area since the Civil War.[183]
California[edit]
There are at least eight public spaces with Confederate monuments in California and at least four former spaces.[1]
Monuments[edit]
San Diego: Confederate Soldiers Memorial (1948), at city-owned Mount Hope Cemetery[184]
Santa Ana: CSA monument with the inscription "to honor the sacred memory of the pioneers who built Orange County after their valiant efforts to defend the Cause of Southern Independence" in Santa Ana Cemetery. Installed in 2004.[185][186]
Inhabited places[edit]
Confederate Corners: Established 1868. Formerly known as Springtown, it was renamed after a group of Southerners settled there in the late 1860s.[187][1]
Fort Bragg: originally a US Army garrison named in June 1857 for then US Army officer Braxton Bragg who later became a Confederate General and was abandoned by October 1864.[188][1][189] This city was founded in 1889 near the site of the former garrison. In 2015, members of the California Legislative Black Caucus petitioned the mayor of Fort Bragg to change the name due to general's links to the Confederacy.[190][191]
Roads[edit]
Los Angeles: Johnston Street in Lincoln Heights, named for CSA Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston.[1] Hancock Street and Griffin Avenue, also in northeast Los Angeles, are named after his family members.
There are at least four remaining markers of the Jefferson Davis Highway in the state of California including the following:[1][192]
Bakersfield in Pioneer Village, installed in 1942 and rededicated in 1968.
Hornbrook, installed in 1944.
Lebec at Fort Tejon, dedicated in 1956 and rededicated in 1976.
Winterhaven at Fort Yuma, installed in 1931.
Schools[edit]
Anaheim: Savanna High School (1961) mascot has always been Johnny Rebel and a fiberglass statue of a Confederate soldier stood in the courtyard from 1964 until 2009[193] when it was removed due to deterioration. The school colors are red and grey and the school fields the Savanna Mighty Marching Rebel Band and Color Guard.
Mountains and recreation[edit]
Jeff Davis Peak Elevation: 9065 ft / 2763 m 38.63670°N / 119.8965°W in the Mokelumne Wilderness[194] mapped by the USGS in 1889; "however, it may have long been used locally, as many of the inhabitants of nearby Summit City (now abandoned [in the late 1860s]) were Confederate sympathizers during the civil war. Jefferson Davis (1809-89) was president of the Confederacy, 1861-65."[195]
Pickett Peak: named for Confederate General George Pickett Elevation: 9118 ft / 2779 m 38.75620°N / 119.90339°W in National Forest, near the Mokelumne Wilderness[196]
Fortuna: Pickett Peak Campground operated by the National Forest Service[197]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Long Beach: Robert E. Lee Elementary School. Renamed Olivia Herrera Elementary School on August 1, 2016.[198][1]
Los Angeles: Confederate Monument, Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[199] "Covered with a tarp and whisked away in the middle of the night after activists called for its removal and spray-painted the word 'No' on its back," August 15, 2017.[200][201]
San Diego:
A marker of the Jefferson Davis Highway[1][192] located in Horton Plaza since 1926 was moved to the western sidewalk of the plaza following a 2016 renovation. Following the Charlottesville terror attack in Virginia, the San Diego City Council removed the plaque on August 16, 2017.[202]
Robert E. Lee Elementary School, established 1959. Renamed Pacific View Leadership Elementary School on May 22, 2016.[203][1]
San Lorenzo: San Lorenzo High School. Until 2017, the school nickname was the "Rebels" – a tribute to the Confederate soldier in the Civil War. It's mascot, The Rebel Guy, was retired in 2016. The school’s original mascot, Colonel Reb, was a white man with a cane and goatee who was retired in 1997.[204]
Quartz Hill: Quartz Hill High School. Until 1995, the school had a mascot called Johnny Reb, who would wave a Confederate Flag at football games. Johnny Reb had replaced another Confederate-themed mascot, Jubilation T. Cornpone, who waved the Stars and Bars flag at football games. "Slave Day" fundraisers were phased out in the 1980's.[205]
Colorado[edit]
Robert E. Lee Mine in Leadville. Photo by William Henry Jackson.
Schools[edit]
Keenesburg: Weld Central Senior High School and Weld Central Middle School share the Weld Central Rebel, a Civil-war-era-soldier which used to appear with depictions of Confederate flags. School teams are named Rebels.[206]
Mine[edit]
Leadville: Robert E. Lee Mine (1878)[207][208]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Breckenridge: Originally named Breckinridge, after Vice-President John C. Breckinridge; name changed after Breckinridge became a Confederate general.
Delaware[edit]
There are no public spaces with Confederate monuments in Delaware.[1]
Georgetown: Delaware Confederate Monument, a private monument built on the grounds of the Georgetown Historical Society, unveiled in 2007.[209][210]
Florida[edit]
Putnam County Courthouse in Palatka
There are at least 61 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Florida.[1]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Bartow: 7th Florida Infantry Regiment Monument, Old Polk County Courthouse, dedicated on July 3, 1982.[211]
Brooksville: Confederate Soldiers' Memorial, Hernando County Courthouse, unveiled June 3, 1916.[212][213]
Defuniak Springs: Florida's First Confederate Monument, Walton County Courthouse, unveiled 1871, historic marker nearby.
Marianna:
Battle of Marianna Monument, Jackson County Courthouse lawn, unveiled November 2, 1924. "Live forever, immortal heroes, defenders of home and liberty," is inscribed.[214][215]
Confederate monument, Jackson County Courthouse lawn, unveiled November 30, 1881.
Monticello: Confederate monument, Jefferson County Courthouse, unveiled June 3, 1899. Includes a Confederate battle flag draping over the monument, a wreath of ferns and a sheathed sword carved in the stone.[214][215][216]
Ocala: Confederate monument, erected on the grounds of the Marion County Courthouse in 1908. It was moved to Veterans Memorial Park and rededicated on April 16, 2011.[217][218]
Palatka: Confederate monument, Putnam County Courthouse, unveiled April 26, 1925.[219][220]
Quincy: Our Fallen Heroes monument, Gadsden County Courthouse, dedicated June 3, 1884.[221]
Other public monuments[edit]
Daytona Beach:
Confederate Sun Dial Monument, unveiled April 26, 1961.[212]
Confederate Boulder Monument, unveiled April 22, 1979.[222]
Dixie County: American Veteran Monument, Highway 98 west of Old Town, dedicated to Confederate veterans, ca. 2005.[223]
Ellenton:
Confederate Veterans Memorial Monument, Gamble Plantation Historic State Park, erected October 10, 1937.[212][224]
Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park, established 1925, pursuant to agreement between UDC and State of Florida.[225] Also serves as home to Florida Division of UDC.[226]
Fernandina Beach: Statue of David Levy Yulee.[227]
Fort Myers: Lee Bust Memorial, in the median of Monroe Street downtown. The bust was commissioned from Italian sculptor Aldo Pero for $6,000 by the Laetitia Ashmore Nutt Chapter of UDC, chapter 1447 and dedicated on January 19, 1966.[228]
Jacksonville:
Confederate monument, downtown Hemming Park, unveiled June 16, 1898.[229] The most controversial of the Jacksonville memorials. City Council President Anna Brosche on August 14, 2017, called for an inventory of Civil War monuments prior to their move to "museums and educational institutions." The Board of Directors of the City Council quickly backed her. However, opposition quickly emerged. The situation is unresolved.[230]
Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy, in Confederate Park, dedicated October 26, 1915. The sculptor was Allen George Newman.[231]
Yellow Bluff monument
Yellow Fort Bluff Monument, Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park, unveiled March 5, 1951.[232]
Key West:
Confederate memorial fence at Clinton Square, built by J.V. Harris circa 1866.[233]
Confederate memorial pavilion at Bayview Park, built in 1924 by UDC.[234]
Lake City: Confederate Dead of Battle of Olustee, town square in front of the Columbia County Courthouse, unveiled in 1928.[235]
Lakeland: Confederate soldier statue in Munn Park in downtown, created by the McNeel Marble Works, dedicated June 3, 1910.[229]
Leon County: A plaque commemorating Robert E. Lee and the Dixie Highway on Thomasville Road (U.S. Highway 319), one mile from the Georgia state line. Erected 1926 by the Anna Jackson Chapter of Daughters of the Confederacy.[214]
Madison: Confederate monument, Four Freedoms Park, dedicated June 3, 1909. Lists names of men who died from county. Nearby sits a momument to former slaves in the county.[236][214]
Miami: Confederate monument, Confederate Circle in City Cemetery. Unveiled June 3, 1914 at the Dade County Courthouse, it was moved to the cemetery in 1927.[215][237]
Olustee
Olustee:
Battlefield monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park, dedicated October 23, 1912.
CSA Gen. Joseph Finnegan Monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park, unveiled 1912.
Ormond Beach: Confederate monument, city-owned Pilgrim's Rest Cemetery, dedicated in 2011.[238][239]
Pensacola:
Our Confederate Dead, Lee Square, dedicated June 17, 1891.[240][241]
Perry: Confederate monument, Taylor County Sports Complex, dedicated in 2007.[242][243]
Quincy: Confederate memorial, Soldiers Cemetery within Eastern Cemetery, part of the town's National Register Historic District, dedicated April 10, 2010. The memorial also notes the restoration of the historic fence.[244][245]
St. Augustine:
Confederate monument, on the Plaza de la Constitución, erected in 1879.[246]
Memorial to William Wing Loring, on the Plaza de la Constitución, erected behind the Government House in 1920.[247]
St. Cloud: Confederate monument, Veterans Park, erected April 22, 2006.[248]
St. Petersburg: Confederate monument, Greenwood Cemetery, erected in 1900.[249]
Tallahassee: Confederate monument of Leon County, on the grounds of the former Florida State Capitol, the "Old Capitol," now a museum.[250] Dedicated in 1882 by "our country women", it was moved to its current location in 1923.[251] Tallahassee's mayor wants it removed, but it is not clear whom the statue belongs to or who can make a decision.[252]
Tampa
Confederate Dead, city-owned Woodlawn Cemetery, dedicated in 1913.[253][254]
Confederate monuments, city-owned Oaklawn Cemetery.[255][254]
Trenton: Confederate monument, across from Gilchrist County Courthouse in Veterans' Park, dedicated April 24, 2010.[256]
White Springs: Confederate monument and large flag, along Interstate 75, dedicated in 2002.[257]
Woodville: In Loving Memory Monument, Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park, unveiled April 26, 1922.[217] A plaque placed at the base of the monument in 2000 lists the names of those who died as a result of the battle.[258]
Private monuments[edit]
Alachua: Confederate monument, Newnansville Cemetery, dedicated by the Alachua Lions Club in 2002.[259]
Bradfordville: Robert E. Lee Monument, dedicated along Highway 319 in 1927 by UDC. Moved in the 1960s and 1990s, it is now located about a mile south of the Georgia border.[260][261]
Crestview: Florida's Last Confederate Veteran Memorial, City Park, unveiled January 18, 1958. In 2015, ownership was transferred to trustees of Lundy's family and the memorial was moved to private property.[212][262] Soon after research determined the memorialized man had not been a veteran but had falsified his age to get veteran benefits.[263]
Dade City: Confederate memorial, Townsend House Cemetery, dedicated April 10, 2010.[264]
Deland: Confederate Veteran Memorial, Oakdale Cemetery, dedicated September 27, 1958.[265]
Gainesville: Confederate monument, Courthouse lawn, unveiled January 19, 1904.[229] Removed from government land to a private cemetery in 2017.[266]
Lake City:
Last Confederate War Widow, Oaklawn Cemetery, erected after her death in 1985. The memorial and the cemetery are along the Florida Civil War Heritage Trail.[267][268]
Our Confederate Dead, Oaklawn Cemetery, erected in 1901, rededicated in 1996. A tall obelisk in memory of the unnamed soldiers who died at the nearby Battle of Olustee or in the town's Confederate hospital. The cemetery is the focal point of the opening of Lake City's annual Olustee Battle Festival.[269][270]
Orlando: Confederate "Johnny Reb" monument, Lake Eola Park. Erected first at Magnolia Avenue in 1911, then moved to Lake Eola Park in 1917. Moved from the park to a private cemetery in 2017.[271][272]
Seffner: Confederate Memorial Park, large flag visible from Interstate 75 near Tampa, dedicated April 2009.[273][274]
Tampa: Memoria In Aeterna, Hillsborough County Courthouse annex, dedicated February 8, 1911.[275] After voting in July 2017 to move the statue to a family cemetery in Brandon, the County Commission announced on August 16 that the statue could only be moved if private citizens raised $140,000 within 30 days. The funds were raised by the next day. The following day Save Southern Heritage, Veterans' Monuments of America, and UDC filed a lawsuit attempting to prevent the statue's relocation.[276] Removed September 5, 2017.[277]
Inhabited places[edit]
Counties[edit]
Baker County (1861), named for James McNair Baker, a lawyer and judge who sat as a Confederate States of America Senator from Florida.[278]
Bradford County (1861), named for Captain Richard Bradford, who was killed in the Battle of Santa Rosa Island, becoming the first Confederate officer from Florida to die during the Civil War.[278]
Hendry County (1923), named for Francis Asbury Hendry, a Confederate Captain and one of the first settlers in the area.[278]
Lee County (1887), named for Robert E. Lee.[279]
Levy County (1845), named for David Levy Yulee, a Florida businessman, senator, and strong supporter of slavery, who withdrew from the U.S. Senate in 1861 and served nine months in prison after the Civil War for supporting the Confederacy.
Pasco County (1887), named for Samuel Pasco, who fought for the CSA but spent much of the war as a prisoner of war. Pasco later became a state representative and US Senator from Florida.
Municipalities[edit]
Bartow (1862), renamed for CSA Col. Francis Bartow.[280]
Brooksville (1856), named for U.S. Representative from South Carolina Preston Brooks, a staunch advocate of slavery who beat and seriously injured a senator (Caning of Charles Sumner) on the floor of the U.S. Senate for giving an anti-slavery speech.[281]
Fort Walton Beach (??), named for Camp Walton, a Confederate military site built in 1861 to guard the East Pass into a harbor during the Civil War. The area was then in Walton County.[282][283]
Lee: named for Robert E. Lee.[284]
Mayo, named for CSA Col. James Mayo.[285]
Perry (1875), named for Florida Governor and CSA Col. Madison Starke Perry.[214]
Starke. The origin of the name is unknown. A prominent theory is that it was named in honor of Madison Starke Perry, fourth governor of Florida and a Confederate States Army colonel. The Division of Historical Resources of the Florida Department of State adds that the city may have been named for "Thomas Starke, a slaveholder who once owned much land around the area."[286]
Titusville (1873), renamed by CSA Col. Henry T. Titus, who also supplied Confederate troops.[286]
Yulee (1893), named for David Levy Yulee, a supporter of slavery and secession. See Levy County, above.
Parks[edit]
Crestview: Confederate Park (1958). After the removal of the Confederate monument and flag, now referred to as the "former Confederate Park." [263]
Ellenton: Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park (1925)[287]
Fort Walton Beach: Heritage Park preserves the Confederate Camp Walton named for the county it was located in.[283]
Jacksonville:
Confederate Park, opened in 1907. Originally named Dignan Park, the park was renamed when UCV chose the locale as the site for their annual reunions in 1914.[288]
Hemming Park/Hemming Plaza (1899) renamed in honor of Civil War veteran Charles C. Hemming, after he installed a 62-foot (19 m)-tall Confederate monument in the park in 1898.[289][290]
Hemming Park station an elevated rail station taking its name from the park.
Manatee: ??
Miami: Robert E. Lee Park, the athletic field of Jose de Diego Middle School which replaced Robert E. Lee Middle School (1924–1989) in the Wynwood neighborhood in 1999.[291] A school district spokesman has said the name is not official and requested agencies with incorrect listings update them.[292]
Pensacola: Lee Square (1889) [241]
Tallahassee: Lee Park
Roads[edit]
Stonewall Jackson Memorial Highway, designated by UDC. Chapters placed the following markers in the state:
Capps: Along U.S. Route 19 in 1940.[293]
St. Petersburg: Terminus marker at the intersection of Central Avenue and Bayshore Drive in 1939.[294] Removed by the city August 15, 2017.[295]
Hilliard: General Lee Road
Hollywood: In July 2017, the city began the process to rename streets.[296]
Forrest Street, named for CSA Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, will become Savannah St.
Hood Street, named for CSA Gen. John Bell Hood, will become Macon St.
Lee Street, named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee, will become Louisville St. All changes expected to become final at Council meeting August 30, 2017.[297]
Jacksonville
Confederate Point Road
Confederate Street
General Lee Road
Orlando
Kirby Smith Road
Stonewall Jackson Road
Perry: North Jeff Davis Avenue
St. Cloud: Robert Lee Road
Stuart: Southeast General Lee Terrace
Tampa: Robert E. Lee Road
Zephyrhills: Jeff Davis Drive
Schools and libraries[edit]
Gainesville:
J.J. Finley Elementary School (1939), named for CSA Brig. Gen. Jesse J. Finley.[298]
Kirby-Smith Center (1939), Alachua County Public Schools administrative offices. Constructed in 1900, the building was initially the all white Gainesville Graded & High School.[299] On August 21, 2017, the school board announced plans to rename the center.[300]
Hillsborough County: Robert E. Lee Elementary School aka Lee Elementary Magnet School of World Studies and Technology was built 1906 and named for Lee in 1943. A school board member pushing for a rename in 2017 noted that had Lee's army won the war "a majority of our students would be slaves."[301]
Jacksonville[302]
J.E.B. Stuart Middle School (1966), named for CSA Gen. J. E. B. Stuart.
Jefferson Davis Middle School (1961)
Kirby-Smith Middle School (1924), named for CSA Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith.
Nathan Bedford Forrest High School (1959), originally an all white school named in protest against school desegregation, renamed to Westside High School in 2014 after decades of controversy.[303]
Robert E. Lee High School (1928)
Stonewall Jackson Elementary School
Orlando: Robert E. Lee Middle School, renamed College Park Middle School in 2017.[304]
Pensacola: Escambia High School's Rebel mascot riots, 1972–1977. Before a noncontroversial name was chosen, protests and violence occurred at the school and in the community, crosses were burned on school district members' lawns, lawsuits were filed, and the Ku Klux Klan held a rally and petitioned the school board.[305]
Tampa: Lee Elementary School of Technology / World Studies (1906). The school's mascot is Robert E. Lee's horse Traveller. In July 2015, students asked the school board to change the school's name.[306] In June 2017, a board member asked the board to consider the name change.[307]
West Palm Beech: Jefferson Davis Middle School. Renamed Palm Springs Middle School in 2005.[308]
State symbols[edit]
The Flag of Florida had the red St Andrews cross added in 1900 to distinguish it from a flag of surrender. The St Andrews cross echos the Confederate battle flag, like the Alabama State Flag.[154][309]
Flag of Florida since 1900
City symbols[edit]
Panama City: city flag is quite similar to the Florida state flag with a white background and the St Andrews cross echoing the Confederate Battle Flag, but with the city seal replacing the state seal.[310]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Bradenton: Confederate monument, Manatee County Courthouse, unveiled June 3, 1927.[212][311] Removed on August 24, 2017. Statue broke while being removed by workers.[312]
West Palm Beach: Confederate monument, Woodlawn Cemetery (1941). "The only one south of St. Augustine, likely the only Confederate statue in Palm Beach and Broward counties, said historian Janet DeVries, who leads cemetery tours at Woodlawn." Vandalized several times. Removed August 22, 2017. Placed in storage, since its owner, UDC, had not claimed it despite notification.[313] "Believed by local historians to be the last Confederate monument in Palm Beach County."[297]
The State Senate Seal included the Confederate Battle Flag from 1972 to 2016. The Senate voted in October 2015 to replace the confederate symbol with the Florida State Flag in the wake of the racially motivated Charleston shootings.[314]
The Confederate Stainless Banner flag flew over the west entrance of the Florida State Capitol from 1978 until 2001, when Gov. Jeb Bush ordered it removed.[154]
Georgia[edit]
There are at least 174 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Georgia.[1]
Buildings[edit]
Athens: Allen D. Candler Hall at the University of Georgia (1901)[315]
Athens: Joseph E. Brown Hall at the University of Georgia (1932)[315]
Augusta Canal National Historic Area, Georgia: includes Sibley Mill and Confederate States Powder Works (1862); rededicated 2010 when listed as National Historic Landmark.
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Blakely: Confederate Flagpole, Early County Courthouse, 1861.[316]
Butler: Taylor County Confederate Monument (1911)
Cairo: Confederate Soldier Monument and Flag, Grady County Courthouse.[317]
Carnesville: Franklin County Confederate Monument (1910)
Carrollton: Confederate Monument (1910)
Cartersville: Confederate memorial at the Bartow County Courthouse
Cedartown: Polk County Confederate Monument (1906)
Clayton: Confederate Flag, Rabun County Courthouse.[318]
Conyers: Confederate Monument (1913)
Covington: Confederate War Memorial (1906)
Crawfordville: Confederate Monument (1898)
Cusseta: Confederate Veterans Monument
Douglasville: Confederate War Memorial (1914)
Dublin: Laurens County Confederate Monument (1912)
Eastman: Confederate Monument of Eastman (1910)
Eatonton: Birthplace of Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (1936)
Ellaville: Schley County Confederate Monument (1910)
Forsyth: Confederate Monument (1907)
Greensboro: Greene County Confederate Monument (1898)
Hartwell: Confederate Monument (1908)
Hawkinsville: Confederate Monument (1908)
Hazlehurst: Jefferson Davis Bust
Hinesville: Liberty County Confederate Monument (1928)
Jackson: Monument to Butts County Confederate Soldiers (1911)
Lawrenceville: Lawrenceville Confederate Memorial (1990)
Lexington: Oglethorpe County Confederate Monument (1916)
Lumpkin: Stewart County Confederate Monument (1908)
McDonough: Confederate Memorial Drinking Fountain (1915)
Millen: Jenkins County Confederate Monument, Jenkins County Courthouse (1909)
Monroe: Confederate Monument (1907)
Moultrie: Colquitt County Confederate Monument, Colquitt County Courthouse (1909)
Mount Vernon: Confederate Monument, Montgomery County Courthouse (1997)
Nashville: Confederate Memorial, Berrien County Courthouse
Newnan: William Thomas Overby – Confederate Hero Monument (1956)
Ocilla: Irwin County Confederate Monument (1911)
Oglethorpe: Confederate Monument, Courthouse lawn, unveiled on February 20, 1923.[319]
Perry: Houston County Confederate Monument (1908)
Quitman: Confederate memorial, Brooks County Courthouse
Sparta: Hancock County Confederate Monument (1881)
Statesboro: Confederate Memorial, Bulloch County Courthouse, 1906.[320]
Thomaston:
At Arms Rest Monument, Upson County Courthouse, erected in 1908.[321]
First Cannon Ball Monument, Upson County Courthouse, 1919.[322]
Thomson: McDuffie and Columbia Counties Confederate Monument, McDuffie County Courthouse, 1986.[323]
Toccoa: Stephens County Confederate Monument, county courthouse, 1922.[324]
Valdosta: Confederate memorial, Lowdnes County Courthouse, 1911.[325]
Vienna: Dooly County Confederate Monument, county courthouse, 1908.[326]
Warrenton: Warren County Confederate Monument, county courthouse, 1904.[327]
Washington: The Dissolution of the Confederate Government/Last Meeting Stone, Wilkes County Courthouse, 1938.[328]
Wrightsville: Jefferson Davis Highway Marker located in front of the Johnson County Courthouse.[329]
Other public monuments[edit]
Abbeville: Confederate Memorial Monument (1909)
Americus: Confederate Monument (1900)
Andersonville: Monument to Henry Wirz, Georgia Division by UDC, erected in 1908.[330]
Atlanta
CSA Brig. Gen. Alfred Iverson Jr. Monument
CSA Gen. John Brown Gordon Memorial, Georgia State Capitol grounds. (1907)
Eternal Flame of the Confederacy Monument (1939)
Augusta: Augusta Confederate Monument. Commissioned by the Ladies Memorial Association in 1875, erected in 1878.[331]
Baxley: Confederate memorial
Brunswick: Confederate memorial in Hanover Square[332]
Calhoun: Confederate Soldier and Memorial Arch, 1927.[333]
Canton: Confederate Memorial Arch, Brown Park, 1923.[334]
Cochran: Bleckley County Confederate Monument, old Cochran City School, 1910.[335][336]
Cockspur Island: Immortal Six Hundred at Fort Pulaski National Monument
Columbus:
Confederate Monument, city street median, 1879.[337]
Tyler Home – Ladies Aid Society Memorial, Veteran's Parkway, 1936.[338]
Cordele: Crisp County Confederate Monument, community clubhouse, 1911.[339]
Cuthbert: Randolph County Confederate Monument, city park, 1910.[340]
Dalton: CSA Gen. Johnston Headquarters, Huff House.[341]
Decatur: Confederate memorial. Obelisk located behind Old DeKalb County Courthouse on Decatur Square. The monument has been defaced several times.[342]
Douglas: Confederate memorial, corner of Peterson Avenue (U.S. Route 441 southbound) and Ward Street (U.S. Route 221 Business westbound).
Eatonton: Eatonton Confederate Monument, median in front of the Putnam County Courthouse, 1908.[343]
Elberton: Elbert County Confederate Memorial, Elberton Town Plaza, 1898.[344]
Fitzgerald: Jefferson Davis Monument, Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site, 1920.
Franklin: Heard County Confederate Monument, Veterans Park, 1999.[345]
Gainesville: Hall County Confederate Monument, town square, 1909.[346]
Gray: Memorial to soldiers in the War Between the States and the World War.
Griffin: Confederate Monument, Veterans Memorial Plaza, 1909.[347]
Hamilton: Memorial honoring Confederate dead.
Hawkinsville: Confederate Sons of America memorial (Confederate States of America?)
Jeffersonville: Confederate Memorial, across the street from the Twiggs County Courthouse, 1911.[348]
Kingston: First Confederate Hospital of the Civil War, Main Street.[349]
LaFayette: Walker County Confederate Monument, John B. Gordon Hall, 1909.[350][351]
LaGrange: Monument to the Confederate Soldier, median, 1902.[352]
Lincolnton: Lincoln County Confederate Monument, center of town.[353]
Macon: Bibb County Confederate Monument, triangle park downtown, 1879.[354]
Madison: Morgan County Confederate Monument, Hill Park, 1909.[355]
Milledgeville: Confederate Memorial Fountain, downtown median, 1912.[356]
Montezuma: Macon County Confederate Monument, median, 1911.[357]
Monticello: Jasper County Confederate Monument, City Square, 1910.[358] "To the Confederate soldiers of Jasper County, the record of whose sublime self sacrifice and undying devotion to duty, in the service of their country is the proud heritage of a local posterity."[97]
Resaca Confederate Cemetery
Ringgold Gap: Statue of CSA Gen. Patrick Cleburne
Francis S. Bartow in Savannah, Georgia
Savannah:
Colonel Francis S. Bartow Bust, Forsyth Park, 1902.[359][360]
Confederate Monument, Forsyth Park, 1879.[15][359]
General Lafayette McLaws Bust, Forsyth Park, 1902.[360]
Silence, city-owned Laurel Grove Cemetery, 1875.[361]
Springfield: Confederate Memorial, across from Effington County Courthouse, 1923.[362]
Stone Mountain: Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Carving, 1923.
Talbotton: Confederate memorial
Thomson: Monument to the Women of the Sixties, McDuffie County Chamber of Commerce, 1911.[363]
Tifton: Tift County Confederate Memorial, Fulwood Park, 1910, rededicated 1992.[364]
Trenton: Confederate Memorial in Veterans Park next to the town square.
Union Point:
Confederate Reunion Memorial, along city sidewalk, 1874.[365]
Confederate Wayside Home Monument, wide median, 1936.[366]
Waycross: Ware County Confederate, Phoenix Park, 1910.[367]
Private monuments[edit]
Confederate Memorial Park in Albany, Georgia
Albany: Confederate Memorial Park, owned and maintained by SCV and UDC.
Augusta: Confederate Monument at St. James United Methodist Church.[368] (No longer there as of 2017, according to street view)
Rome: Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument, Myrtle Hill Cemetery, erected in 1909 by UDC.
Inhabited places[edit]
Bartow, renamed for Francis S. Bartow in 1861.
Bartow County, named for CSA Gen. Francis S. Bartow.
Ben Hill County, named for CSA Sen. Benjamin Harvey Hill.
Bleckley County, named for Logan Edwin Bleckley.
Cook County, named for CSA Brig. Gen. Philip Cook.
Jeff Davis County, named for CSA President Jefferson Davis.
Lamar County, named for Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II.
Stephens County, named for Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America.
Toombs County, named for Robert Toombs, first Sec. of State of the Confederate States of America.
Wheeler County, named for CSA Gen. Joseph Wheeler.
Parks[edit]
Cobb County: Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, tribute to 14 generals from Georgia (1917)
Fitzgerald: Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site (1920)
Public works[edit]
Muscogee: Stonewall Jackson Dam
Roads[edit]
Jefferson Davis Highway marker in Irwin County
Andersonville: Robert E. Lee Street
Augusta: Wheeler Road
Brunswick: General Robert E. Lee Road
Buford: General Lee Way
Columbus: Robert E. Lee Drive
Dallas: Confederate Avenue
Eastman: Jefferson Davis Memorial Road
Fayetteville: Jeff Davis Drive
Fitzgerald
Bragg Street [note 1]
Gordon Street
Hill Street
Jackson Street
Jeff Davis Park Road
Lee Street
Logan Street
Longstreet Street
Thomas Street
Forest Park
Hood Avenue
Wheeler Drive
Fort Oglethorpe
Forrest Road
Polk Circle
Robert E. Lee Street
Shelby Street
Franklin: Jeff Davis Road
Gainesville: Longstreet Bridge
Greensboro: Jefferson Davis Road
Hazlehurst: Jeff Davis Street
Jonesboro
Jeb Stuart Drive
Jeff Davis Drive
Robert E. Lee Parkway
Stonewall Jackson Drive
LaGrange: Ben Hill Street
Lyons: Jeff Davis Avenue
Macon
General Lee Road
Jeff Davis Street
Newnan
General Lee Drive
General Longstreet Line
Jeb Stuart Drive
Ringgold: Robert E. Lee Drive
Savannah
Colonel Francis S. Bartow Bust
Early Street
Hampton Street
Jackson Boulevard
Johnston Boulevard
Lee Boulevard
McClaws Street
Mosby Street
Stuart Street
Wheeler Street
Sharpsburg
Bedford Forrest Drive
Thomas Overby Drive
Stone Mountain
Jefferson Davis Drive
Robert E. Lee Boulevard
Stonewall Jackson Drive
Thomaston: Jeff Davis Road
Warner Robins: General Lee Road
Washington: Robert Toombs Avenue
Waycross
Jeb Stuart Drive
Stonewall Jackson Place
Schools[edit]
Atlanta: Joseph E. Brown Middle School
Hazlehurst: Jeff Davis Elementary, High School, Middle School, and Primary School.
Thomaston: Robert E. Lee High School (Thomaston, Georgia)
Trenton: Davis Elementary School
State symbols[edit]
The current (2003) Georgia State Flag is the Confederate Stars and Bars flag with the addition of the state's symbolic arch between the stars.
Flag of Georgia since 2003
The 1956 Georgia State Flag incorporated the Confederate Battle Flag and the bars of the Confederate Star and Bars flag. According to a 2000 Georgia Senate research report the 1956 flag was adopted in an era when the Georgia General Assembly "was entirely devoted to passing legislation that would preserve segregation and white supremacy", and they changed the state flag" during "an atmosphere of preserving segregation and resentment" to the U.S. government's rulings on integration.[369]
The short lived 2001–2003 flag included a miniature version of the 1956 flag along with other miniature former flags
City symbols[edit]
Trenton, Georgia: City council was upset the State's 1956 flag was being changed. Faced with the threat of a funding cut if they refused to fly the 2001 State flag, the city adopted a modified 1956 flag complete with the Confederate Battle Flag as their city flag in 2002. When the new mayor removed the city flag in 2004, objections were raised by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and a 2005 referendum confirmed the flag 278–64.[370]
Photos[edit]
Augusta
Columbus
Savannah
Stone Mountain
Baxley
Nashville
Irwin County
Fort Pulaski (Immortal Six Hundred)
Douglas
Jeffersonville
Cartersville
Hawkinsville
McDonough
Hinesville
Dublin
Eastman
Millen
Valdosta
Waycross
Butler
Talbotton
Crawfordville
Thomaston
Thomaston
Oglethorpe
Gray
Mount Vernon
Quitman
Statesboro
Ringgold Gap
Kennesaw Mountain – 14 generals
Hamilton
Brunswick
Idaho[edit]
There are several places named for the Confederacy in Idaho.[1] The settlement of Idaho coincided with the Civil War and settlers from Southern states memorialized the Confederacy with the names of several towns and natural features.[371][372][373]
Inhabited places[edit]
Atlanta: unincorporated, and its Atlanta Airport. The area was named by Southerners after reports of a Confederate victory over Gen. Sherman in the Battle of Atlanta, which turned to be wholly false, but the name stuck.
Confederate Gulch: unincorporated former mining community[374][373]
Grayback Gulch: unincorporated former mining community, settled by Confederate soldiers and named for the color of their uniforms. Now a government campground[375]
Leesburg: an unincorporated former goldmining town settled by southerners and named for Robert E. Lee.[376]
Natural features and recreation[edit]
Boise National Forest
Robert E. Lee Creek and
Robert E. Lee Campground[377]
Illinois[edit]
Confederate Monument at Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago
There are no public spaces with Confederate monuments in Illinois.[1]
Indiana[edit]
There are at least two public spaces with monuments to Confederate prisoners who died as prisoners of war in Indiana.[1]
Corydon: Corydon Battle Site is a memorial to both sides that fought in the Civil War Battle of Corydon.
Indianapolis was the site of Camp Morton prisoner of war camp. About 1700 prisoners died in the camp.
Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Garfield Park[378]
Terre Haute: Woodlawn Monument Site – In 1912, the Federal Government erected the monument here to commemorate 11 Confederate soldiers who died in a local prison camp during the Civil War. During the Civil War, the 11 Confederate soldiers who died while in captivity at the local prison were buried in Woodlawn Cemetery.[379]
Evansville, Indiana: Oak Hill Cemetery is the burial site of 24 Confederate soldiers who died as prisoners of war in Evansville.[380]
Iowa[edit]
There are at least three public spaces with Confederate monuments in Iowa.[1]
Bentonsport: Iowa’s Confederate General Monument (2007)[381]
Bloomfield:[381]
Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument (2005)
Confederate Memorial (2005)
Adjacent to the two Confederate memorials (plaques) is one "In honor of those citizens of Davis County who Sacrificed and Served to preserve the Union."
Kansas[edit]
There is one public space dedicated to the Confederacy in Kansas.[1]
Humboldt: Confederate Soldier Shot Historical Marker. The marker sits at the site of where the Union Flag was flying in Humboldt, Kansas, when a Confederate Soldier attempted to chop down the Union flag pole. The Confederate Soldier was shot as he tried to remove the flag. The marker is less of a monument to the Confederacy, and more of a historical marker describing the events when Humboldt was raided by Confederate Captains John Mathews and his friend Tom Livingston who led other white Confederate proslavers, southern sympathizing Indians, and Missouri Bushwhackers seeking fugitive slaves from Missouri who were hiding in Humboldt.[382]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Between 1855 and 1862, the county now known as Lyon County was known as Breckinridge County, named for John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice President and Confederate general.[383]
Wichita: Confederate Flag Bicentennial Memorial (1962, removed 2015). The Confederate battle flag had been displayed at the John S. Stevens Pavilion at Veterans Memorial Plaza near downtown since 1976, when it was placed there in a historical flag display as part of the nation’s bicentennial. The flag was removed July 2, 2015 by order of Mayor Jeff Longwell.[384]
Kentucky[edit]
See also: List of Civil War Monuments of Kentucky
There are at least 56 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Kentucky.[1]
Monuments[edit]
Augusta: Confederate Monument, Payne Cemetery, 1903.
Bardstown: Confederate Monument, Bardstown/St. Joseph's Cemetery, 1903.
Bowling Green:
Confederate Monument of Bowling Green, Fairview Cemetery, 1876.
William F. Perry Monument, Fairview Cemetery, 1901.
Brandenburg: Confederate monument (2016) removed from Louisville[385]
Cadiz: Confederate Monument, Trigg County Courthouse, 1913.[386]
Covington: Veteran's Monument, Linden Grove Cemetery, 1933. It was dedicated by the American Legion and honors both Confederate and Union veterans.
Crab Orchard: Confederate Monument, Crab Orchard Cemetery, 1872.
Cynthiana: Confederate Monument, Battle Grove Cemetery, 1869.
Danville: Confederate Monument, McDowell Park, 1910.[387]
Eminence: Confederate Soldiers Martyrs Monument, Eminence Cemetery, 1870.
Fairview: Confederate monument at the Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site, a state park, completed in 1924.
Frankfort:
Confederate Monument, Frankfort Cemetery, 1892.
Jefferson Davis Statue, Kentucky Capitol Rotunda, 1936. In 2015, the state Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted against removing the statue.[388]
Fulton: Confederate Monument, Fairview Cemetery, 1902.
Georgetown: Confederate Monument, Georgetown Cemetery, 1888.[389]
Glasgow: Confederate Monument, Barren County Courthouse, 1905.
Harrodsburg: Confederate Monument, Spring Hill Cemetery, 1902.
Hickman: Confederate Memorial Gateway, Hickman City Cemetery, 1913.
Hopkinsville:
Confederate Memorial Fountain, Christian County Courthouse, 1911.
Latham Confederate Monument, Riverside Cemetery, 1887.
Horse Cave: Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument, Old Dixie Highway, 1934.
Jeffersontown: Confederate Martyrs Monument, Jeffersontown City Cemetery, 1904.
Lawrenceburg: Confederate Monument, Anderson County Courthouse, 1894.
Lexington:
John C. Breckinridge Memorial, Fayette County Courthouse, 1887.[390] In November 2015, a committee, the Urban County Arts Review Board, voted to recommend removal of both the John Hunt Morgan Memorial and the John C. Breckinridge Memorial.[390] As of September 2017, neither has been removed.
John Hunt Morgan Memorial, Fayette County Courthouse, 1911.[390]
Ladies' Confederate Memorial, Lexington Cemetery, 1874.
Confederate Soldier Monument in Lexington, Lexington Cemetery, 1893.
Louisville:
John B. Castleman Monument, Cherokee Triangle, 1882.
Confederate Monument, dedicated in 1895 and was placed next to the University of Louisville on city property. It was removed and re-located to a riverfront park in Brandenburg, Kentucky in December 2016.[391]
Madisonville: Confederate Monument, Hopkins County Courthouse, 1909.[392]
Mayfield:
Confederate Monument, Graves County Courthouse, 1920.
Confederate Monument, Maplewood Cemetery, 1924.
Midway: Martyrs Monument, Midway City Cemetery, 1890.
Morganfield: Confederate Monument, City Cemetery/Odd Fellows Cemetery, 1870.
Morgantown: Confederate-Union Veterans' Monument, Butler County Courthouse, 1907.
Mt. Sterling: Confederate Monument, Machpelan Cemetery, 1880.
Munfordville: Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument, near the Green River, 1885.
Murray: Confederate Monument, Calloway County Courthouse, 1917.
Nancy: General Felix K. Zollicoffer Monument, Zollicoffer Park Cemetery, 1910.[393]
Nicholasville: Confederate Memorial, Jessamine County Courthouse, 1896.[394]
Owensboro: Confederate Monument, Daviess County Courthouse, 1900.
Owingsville: Confederate Monument, Owingsville Cemetery, 1907.
Paducah:
Confederate Monument, Oak Grove Cemetery, 1907.[395]
First Confederate Volunteer From Paducah, marker embedded in city sidewalk.[395]
General Lloyd Tilghman Statue, Lang Park, 1909.[395]
Paris: Bourbon County Confederate Monument, Paris Cemetery, 1887.
Perryville:
Confederate Monument, Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site, 1902. Commissioned by the state of Kentucky.[396]
Unknown Confederate Dead Monument, Goodknight Cemetery, 1928.[396]
Pewee Valley: Pewee Valley Confederate Monument, Pewee Valley Confederate Cemetery, 1904.
Princeton: Confederate Soldier Monument, Caldwell County Courthouse, 1912.[397]
Russellville: Confederate Monument, Town Square, 1910.
Somerset:
Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument, Old Crab Orchard Road, 1875.[398]
St. Joseph: Thompson and Powell Martyrs Monument, St. Alphonsus Catholic Church Cemetery, 1880.[399]
Versailles: Confederate Monument, Versailles Cemetery, 1877.
Gallery[edit]
John B. Castleman Monument, Louisville, Kentucky
Lloyd Tilghman, Paducah, Kentucky
Inhabited places[edit]
Breckinridge Center: a census-designated place in Union County, Kentucky. Named because of nearby Camp Breckinridge, which was named for John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice President and Confederate general.
Lee County (1870)
Parks[edit]
Fairview: Jefferson Davis State Historic Site (1957) the site includes Davis's birthplace, a memorial to Davis that includes a 341 ft obelisk (the second tallest obelisk in the world after the Washington Monument), Confederate flags and other signs and plaques.[400]
Roads[edit]
Elkton:
Jefferson Davis Highway
Jefferson Davis Road
Erlanger:
General Ross Drive
General Stuart Drive
Jefferson Davis Place
Robert E. Lee Drive
Madisonville: Jefferson Davis Drive
Mayfield: Jeff Davis Road
Raywick: Robert Lee Road
Vine Grove: Stand Watie Road
Highways[edit]
Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway: Marker located in the Fountain Avenue median in Paducah, 1935. The marker is along an auxiliary route that follows U.S. Route 68 from Bowling Green, Kentucky to Paducah, Kentucky.[395]
Schools[edit]
Eastern: Allen Central High School: Allen Central athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels." The school features various Confederate iconography[401]
Richmond: Eastern Kentucky University. EKU athletic teams are nicknamed the "Colonels," a Confederate figure.[402]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Florence: Boone County High School. The mascot for the school was Mr. Rebel, a Confederate general who stands tall in a light blue uniform, feathered cap, and English mustache. It was removed in 2017.[403]
Louisiana[edit]
There are at least 91 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Louisiana.[1]
Buildings[edit]
Confederate Memorial Hall in New Orleans
Baton Rouge: Edmund Kirby Smith Hall at Building Louisiana State University (1965/ 2011)
Thibodaux: P.G.T. Beauregard Hall at Nicholls State University (1961/ 2010). The school is named for a Confederate General and later State Governor Francis T. Nicholls
New Orleans:
Gibson Hall at Tulane University (1894), named for Randall L. Gibson
Confederate Memorial Hall (1891), the oldest museum in Louisiana[404]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Alexandria: Rapides Parish Confederate Monument (1914)
Benton: Confederate Soldier Monument (1910)
Caddo Parish Confederate Monument, on grounds of the Caddo Parish Court House, Shreveport, dedicated in 1906 by UDC, NRHP-listed[405]
East Feliciana Parish – Confederate Soldiers Monument in Front of the East Feliciana Courthouse Clinton Louisiana[406]
Franklin: Confederate Monument (1913)
Lake Charles: South's Defenders Monument (1915)
Opelousas: Confederate Monument (1920)
Port Allen: Henry Watkins Allen Statue (1962)
Shreveport: Confederate Monument (1906)
St. Francisville: Confederate Monument (1903)
Tallulah: Confederate Monument (1912)
Winnfield: Confederate Monument (1926)
Other public monuments[edit]
Greenwood Cemetery, New Orleans
Army of Tennessee Tomb, Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans
Baton Rouge:
Breckinridge's March Monument (1931)
Confederate Monument (1886)
Gov. Francis T. Nichols Statue (1934)
Gov. Henry Watkins Allen Statue (1934)
Jefferson Davis Highway Monument
Belle Chasse: Judah P. Benjamin Monument (1968)
Clinton: Confederate Monument (1909)
Donaldsonville: Fort Butler Memorial (1999)
Gretna: Jefferson Davis Highway Marker
Homer: Confederate Monument (1940)
Johnson Bayou: Robert E. L Statue (1984)
Lafayette: Brig. Gen. J.J. Alfred A. Mouton Statue (1922)[407]
Marthaville: Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument (1970)
Minden: Confederate Monument (1933)
Old Pleasant Hill
Confederate Memorial
Lieutenant Gen. Richard Taylor Monument (1994)
Red River Campaign Monument (1994)
New Orleans:
Confederate Monument (1874), Greenwood Cemetery[408]
Army of Tennessee Tomb (1886) at Metairie Cemetery, consisting of a Gothic chapel tomb containing 48 vaults, surmounted by an equestrian statue of Albert Sidney Johnston. A marble statue near the tomb's entrance shows a Confederate sergeant calling the roll. Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard, and other Confederate soldiers are entombed there.[409]
Plaquemine: Confederate Memorial (1914)
Shreveport: Fort Humbug Confederate Memorial (1927)
Zachary: Port Hudson Confederate Monument (1930)
Inhabited places[edit]
Beauregard Parish (1913)
Jefferson Davis Parish (1912)
Village of Longstreet (unincorporated)
City of Stonewall (named 1862, incorporated 1972)
Parks[edit]
Marthaville: Rebel State Historic Site (1962)
Roads[edit]
Baton Rouge:
Confederate Avenue
Jeff Davis Street
Lee Drive
Bell City: Jeff Davis Road
Bogalusa: Jefferson Davis Drive
Bossier City
General Bragg Drive
General Ewell Drive
General Polk Drive
General Sterling Price Drive
Jeb Stuart Drive
Kirby Smith Drive
Longstreet Place
Robert E. Lee Boulevard
Robert E. Lee Street
Chalmette: Beauregard Street
Gretna: Beauregard Drive
Houma: Jefferson Davis Street
Lafayette: Jeff Davis Drive
Lake Charles:
Beauregard Drive
Beauregard Avenue
Beauregard Street
Merryville: Robert E. Lee Road
Monroe: Jefferson Davis Drive
New Orleans
Beauregard Drive
Governor Nicholls Street
Jefferson Davis Parkaway
Lee Circl
Polk Street
Robert E. Lee Boulevard
Slidell Street
Pineville:
Jefferson Davis Drive
Longstreet Drive
Rayne: Jeff Davis Avenue
Schools[edit]
De Ridder:
Beauregard Alternative School
East Beauregard Elementary School (2001)
De Ridder: East Beauregard High School (1962)
Monroe: Robert E. Lee Junior High School
Longville:
South Beauregard Elementary School
South Beauregard High School
Louisiana State University is home of the LSU Tigers (1896) and Lady Tigers teams also known as the Fighting Tigers named for the Louisiana Tigers, several Confederate Civil War regiments.[410][411]
Thibodaux: Nicholls State University (1948), named for CSA Brig. Gen. Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls. The school's mascot, Colonel Tillou, is also named for Nicholls.[412]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
To enforce a 2015 City Council decision, unsuccessfully challenged in court, in April of 2017 the city of New Orleans began the removal statues of Confederate President Jefferson Davis; Gen. Robert E. Lee, who resigned his U.S Army commission at the time of Virginia's secession and accepted command of the state's military forces; Gen. Pierre G.T. Beauregard, who oversaw the Battle of Fort Sumter; and the Battle of Liberty Place Monument. The workers who moved the monuments were dressed in bullet-proof vests, helmets, and masks to conceal their identities because of concerns about their safety.[413][414] According to Mayor Landrieu, "The original firm we’d hired to remove the monuments backed out after receiving death threats and having one of his cars set ablaze."[415] "The city said it was weighing where to display the monuments so they could be 'placed in their proper historical context from a dark period of American history."[416] On May 19, 2017, the Monumental Task Committee,[417] an organization that maintains monuments and plaques across the city, commented on the removal of the statues: "Mayor Landrieu and the City Council have stripped New Orleans of nationally recognized historic landmarks. With the removal of four of our century-plus aged landmarks, at 299 years old, New Orleans now heads into our Tricentennial more divided and less historic." Landrieu replied on the same day: "These statues are not just stone and metal. They are not just innocent remembrances of a benign history. These monuments purposefully celebrate a fictional, sanitized Confederacy; ignoring the death, ignoring the enslavement, and the terror that it actually stood for.”[418]
New Orleans
Robert E. Lee monument and circle – erected in 1884. 60 ft. column with 12 ft. statue on an earthen mound. Removed May 19, 2017.
General Beauregard Equestrian Statue – erected in 1913. Removed May 17, 2017.
Jefferson Davis Memorial – erected in 1911. Removed May 11, 2017.
Maine[edit]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Confederate plaque, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine. Installed in 1965, removed in August 2017.[419]
Maryland[edit]
There were at least four public spaces with Confederate monuments in Maryland[1] prior to the removal of several monuments in August 2017.
Monuments[edit]
Public monuments[edit]
Easton: "Talbot Boys" Monument, Talbot County Courthouse[420]
St. Mary's County: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1876), and Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery Monument (1910), located at Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery[421]
Washington County:
Robert E. Lee Statue at Antietam Creek, Antietam National Battlefield (dedicated June 24, 2003)[422]
Samuel Garland, Jr. Monument (1993)[423]
Private monuments[edit]
Monument to the Unknown Confederate Soldiers, Frederick, Maryland
Beallsville: Memorial to Confederate soldiers at Monocacy Cemetery (1911; replaced 1975).[424]
Frederick: Monument to the Unknown Confederate Soldiers (1881), Mount Olivet Cemetery[425]
Silver Spring: Confederate Monument, Grace Episcopal Church Cemetery, 1896. Commemorates the death and burial of 17 unknown Confederate Soldiers who died at the Battle of Fort Stevens. The monument, a stone obelisk, can be seen from Georgia Ave.[426][427]
Roads[edit]
Potomac:
Jubal Early Court
J. E. B. Stuart Road
State symbols[edit]
Flag of Maryland (1904). The state flag of Maryland features the red-and-white Crossland Banner, the unofficial state flag of Maryland used by secessionists and Confederates during the American Civil War.[428][429][430][431] The current state flag started appearing after the Civil War as a form of reconciliation. The flag became official in 1904.
Flag of Maryland since 1904
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Baltimore:
Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Spirit of the Confederacy), Mount Royal Avenue. Defaced with red paint August 13, 2017. In 2015, defaced with yellow paint saying "black lives matter".[432] Removed August 16, 2017.[433]
Confederate Women's Monument. Charles Street and University Parkway. Removed August 16, 2017.[433]
Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson Monument. In the northwestern side of the Wyman Park Dell, Charles Village, opposite the Baltimore Museum of Art, and just south of Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University. It was dedicated by Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., Nancy Pelosi's father, in 1948.[434] Removed August 16, 2017.[433]
Ellicott City, Howard County: Howard County Courthouse Confederate Monument. Dedicated in 1948. Removed on August 22, 2017.[435]
Rockville: Confederate Monument. The monument was removed in July 2017 from its original location outside the Rockville Courthouse to private land. Dedicated: January 1, 1913.[436]
Gallery[edit]
Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery Monument (center) and Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
Samuel Garland, Jr. Monument
Confederate Memorial in Silver Spring to 17 unknown soldiers buried at Grace Episcopal Church Cemetery after the Battle of Fort Stevens
Confederate Women's Monument, Baltimore
Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee Monument, Baltimore
Massachusetts[edit]
There is one public space dedicated to the Confederacy in Massachusetts.[1]
Fort Warren, Georges Island, Boston Harbor: Memorial to 13 Confederate prisoners who died in captivity. (Dedicated in 1963).[437][438]
Private memorials[edit]
Cambridge
Memorial Hall, Harvard University. Stained-glass windows to commemorate various figures, among them:
Honor and Peace Window (1900). There is no inscription, but a Harvard University page ([2]) explaining the windows says: "This window commemorates those who surrendered their lives in the War of the Rebellion." Portrays two warriors, one with sword high in triumph, one kneeling in defeat, who from the ribbons can be seen to be from different but related countries.
Student and Soldier Window (1889). Soldier wears gray uniform.
Minnesota[edit]
There are no public spaces with Confederate monuments in Minnesota.[1]
Breckenridge: named for John C. Breckinridge, at the time (1857) Vice President of the United States and later a Confederate general.
Mississippi[edit]
There are at least 131 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Mississippi.[1]
Buildings[edit]
Greenwood: Confederate Memorial Building
Hattiesburg: Jefferson Davis Hall at Pearl River Community College
Oxford: Lamar Hall (1977) at University of Mississippi see schools below
Monuments[edit]
Unveiling of Confederate Monument in Carrollton, Mississippi, 1905
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Brandon: Rankin County Confederate Monument (1907) includes inscription "men die, principles live forever"[20]
Carrollton: Confederate Monument and flag, Carroll County Courthouse, 1905.[439][440]
Charleston: Confederate Monument
Cleveland: Confederate Monument, dedicated in 1908, by the Bolivar Troop Chapter of UDC, Bolivar County
Columbus: Lowndes County Confederate Monument (1912)
Corinth: Col. William P. Rogers statue, dedicated in 1895 moved to grounds of Alcorn County courthouse in 1920. Contributing element #109b, Downtown Corinth Historic District.[441]
De Kalb: Confederate Monument on courthouse grounds[442]
Ellisville: Jones County Courthouse and Confederate Monument
Greenville: Confederate Monument (1909)
Greenwood: Confederate Monument (1913)
Gulfport: Confederate Monument, dedicated in 1911, by UDC and Board of Supervisors of Harrison County
Hattiesburg: Confederate Memorial; dedicated by UDC in 1910[443]
Hazlehurst: Confederate Monument (1917)
Kosciusko: Attala County Courthouse and Confederate Monument (1911)
Laurel: Confederate Memorial (1912)
Lexington: Confederate Monument (1908)
Macon: Confederate Memorial Monument (1901)
Meridian: Confederate Monument (1912)
Oxford: Confederate Monument (1907)
Philadelphia: Confederate Monument (1912)
Port Gibson: Confederate Monument (1900)[444]
Quitman: Clarke County Courthouse and Confederate Monument (1911)
Raymond: Confederate Monument (1908)
Ripley: Confederate Monument (1911), destroyed in 1970[note 2]
Sumner: Confederate Monument (1913)
Tupelo: Confederate Monument, dedicated in 1906. In the 1930s, monument was moved to Lee County Courthouse square.[445]
Other public monuments[edit]
Old Aberdeen Cemetery
Grenada, Mississippi
DeSoto County Confederate Monument, Hernando, Mississippi
Aberdeen: Confederate Monument in Old Aberdeen Cemetery (1900)
Amory: Amory’s Tribute to the Heroes of 1861–1865 (1924)
Beulah: Confederate Monument (1905), Beulah Cemetery[446]
Biloxi:
Beauvoir, post-war home of Jefferson Davis
Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier
Brookhaven: Confederate Monument, Rose Hill Cemetery[442]
Brooksville: Our Heroes Monument (1911)
Canton: Howcott Monument to Loyal Servants of the Harvey Scouts (1894)
Clinton: Confederate Monument (1928), Clinton Cemetery[447]
Columbus:
Confederate Monument (1894), Friendship Cemetery[448]
Monument to Confederate Dead (1873), Friendship Cemetery[449]
Corinth: Corinth Confederate Memorial (1992)
Crystal Springs: Confederate Monument, Crystal Springs Cemetery[442]
Duck Hill: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1908)
Fayette: Confederate Soldier Sculpture (1904)
Forest: Confederate Monument, Western Cemetery[442]
Greenville: Confederate Monument, Greenville Cemetery[442]
Greenwood: Confederate Memorial Building (1915)[450]
Grenada: Confederate Monument (1910) in Public Square[451]
Hattiesburg: Forrest County Confederate Memorial (1910)
Heidelberg: Confederate Statue (1911)
Hernando: DeSoto County Confederate Monument, Hernando Memorial Cemetery[452]
Jackson:
Andrew Jackson Monument (1972)
Confederate Monument, Mississippi Department of Archives and History Building, dedicated June 1891.[453][454]
Women of the Confederacy Monument (1917)
Liberty: Confederate Monument (1871), the first Confederate monument in Mississippi. Dedicated by the Liberty Lodge of Masons.[455]
Louisville: Confederate Monument (1921)
Natchez: Confederate Monument (1890)
Okolona: Our Confederate Dead (1905)
Pontotoc: Confederate Monument in town square, dedicated in 1919,[456] or the 1930s[457]
Port Gibson: Claiborne County’s Tribute to Her Sons Who Served in the War of 1861-65. (1906)
University: Confederate Monument
Vaiden: Vaiden Confederate Monument (1912)
John C. Pemberton at Vicksburg National Military Park
Vicksburg:
Cedar Hill Cemetery: Soldiers' Rest Confederate Monument (1893), where an estimated 5,000 Confederate soldiers are buried.[458]
Vicksburg National Military Park: Kentucky memorial composed of bronze statues of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, both native Kentuckians.[459]
Vicksburg National Military Park: Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee statue (1909).[460]
Vicksburg National Military Park: Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton statue.
Vicksburg National Military Park: Texas Monument, listing all Texas units on the Vicksburg defensive line, in Walker's Texas Division, and in Joseph E. Johnston's Army.[461]
West Point:
Confederate Monument (1907)[462]
The Battle of Ellis Bridge Monument (1994)[463]
Winona: Confederate Memorial Statue (1909)
Yazoo City: Confederate Monument
Inhabited places[edit]
Benton County (1870) named for CSA Brig. Gen. Samuel Benton who was also a politician that attended the Mississippi secessionist convention.
Forrest County (1908)
Jefferson Davis County (1906)
Lee County (1866)
City of Stonewall
Water features and dams[edit]
Hattiesburg:
Jefferson Davis Lake
Jefferson Davis Lake Dam
Roads[edit]
Bay St. Louis: Jeff Davis Drive
Beaumont:
Jeff Davis Parkway
Robert E. Lee Street
Biloxi: Jefferson Davis Avenue
Bogue Chitto:
Beauregard Street
Lee Drive
Corinth: Confederate Street
De Kalb: Jeff Davis Road
Duck Hill: Jeff Davis Road
Florence: Robert E. Lee Drive
Greenwood: Robert E. Lee Drive
Hattiesburg:
Bedford Forrest Road
Robert E. Lee Road
Hollandale: Jeff Davis Road
Indianola:
Jefferson Davis Drive
Stonewall Drive
Leakesville: Jeff Davis Road
Lexington: Robert E. Lee Street
Long Beach: Jeff Davis Avenue
Lucedale: Robert E. Lee Road
Meridian: Jeff Davis School Road
Moss Point:
Anderson Road
Barron Road
Beauregard Road
Bragg Road
Breckinridge Road
Cleburne Road for Patrick Cleburne
Early Road
Ewell Road for Richard Stoddert Ewell
Forrest Road
Hood Road
Joseph E. Johnston Road
Kirby Smith Road
Longstreet
Magruder Road
Pemberton Road
Pickett Road
Robert E. Lee Road
Van Dorn
New Albany: Robert E. Lee Drive
Oxford:
Jefferson Davis Drive
Lamar Avenue (the main thoroughfare) named for Lucius Q. C. Lamar drafter of Mississippi's articles of succession.[464]
Pascagoula:
Baker Road
Hardee Road
Imboden Road
Jeb Stuart Road
Mosby Road
Robertson Road
Wheeler Road
Picayune:
Jefferson Davis Parkway
Longstreet Lane
Pemberton Place
Prairie: Jeff Davis Road
Senatobia:
Beauregard Street
Forrest Avenue
Longstreet Lane
Tupelo:
Beauregard Street
Confederate Avenue
Jeb Stuart Street
Robert E. Lee Drive
Vicksburg National Military Park
Pemberton Circle, at the location of the John C. Pemberton monument.
Pemberton Avenue, road passing the site where Pemberton surrendered his forces to Ulysses S. Grant.
Waveland: Jeff Davis Avenue
Wesson: Beauregard Road
Highways[edit]
Jefferson Davis Highway
Lee Highway
Schools[edit]
Brooklyn:
Forrest County Agricultural High School (1916)
South Forrest Attendance Center (1960)
Caledonia: Caledonia High School: The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Confederates."[465]
Hattiesburg:
North Forrest Elementary School
Jefferson Davis Hall at Pearl River Community College
Jackson:
Davis Magnet School
George Elementary School. Named for James Zachariah George who signed Mississippi Secession Ordinance and drafted the state constitution that denied voting rights to black citizens.[466]
Lee Elementary School (1922)
Oxford:
Jeff Davis Elementary School (1959)
University of Mississippi ("Ole Miss").
The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels."
From 1979 to 2003, its mascot was Colonel Reb.
The name "Ole Miss" itself was how slaves once addressed the mistress of the plantation.[467][468][469] It can be found on campus, on signs, sweatshirts, and in the football cheer.
Various plaques have been installed and modified to try and contextualize the school's history.
Lamar Hall (1977) memorializes Lucius Q. C. Lamar, a slaveholder who drafted the Mississippi's order of secession and funded his own CSA regiment. Post-war, he agitated for white supremacy, such as a speech before the 1875 election which he said “involved the supremacy of the unconquered and unconquerable Saxon race,”[464]
Rolling Fork: Sharkey Issaquena Academy (private school). The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Confederates."[465]
State symbols[edit]
The flag of Mississippi (1894) features the Confederate Battle Flag[154]
Flag of Mississippi since 1894
Various state insignia incorporate the state flag
Mississippi National Guard seal features the Flag of Mississippi (incorporating the Confederate Battle Flag) flying over a solder at attention.
Photos[edit]
Amory
Biloxi
Brandon
Charleston
Corinth
Gulfport
Hattiesburg
Jackson
Kosciusko
Lexington
Liberty
Oxford
Philadelphia
Pontotoc
Port Gibson
Quitman
Raymond
Tupelo
University of Mississippi
Vicksburg
Kentucky Memorial, Vicksburg NMP
Texas Memorial, Vicksburg NMP
West Point
Missouri[edit]
There are at least 20 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Missouri.[1]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Cape Girardeau: Confederate War Memorial (1931)
Columbia: Confederate Monument (1935). Relocated to the Centralia Battlefield in September, 2015.
Huntsville: Captain Delaney S. Washburn Memorial (1976).
Neosho: Confederate Captain of Missouri Monument.
Palmyra: Palmyra Massacre Monument (1907).
Other public monuments[edit]
Brookline: Missouri State Guard Monument (2001)
Centralia: Boone County Confederate Memorial (1935)
Dexter: Frenchman's Spring Monument (1996)
Higginsville: Confederate Memorial State Historic Site; also called "Lion of Lucerne" (1906)
Kansas City: Union Confederate Monument, Union Cemetery (1911)
Keytesville: Sterling Price Monument, Price Park (1915)[470]
Marshall: Confederate Monument of Saline (1901)
Roanoke: Shelby's Homecoming Monument (1997)
St. Louis:
Confederate Memorial, Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery (1988)[471]
Memorial to the Confederate Dead (1914). Removed in June, 2017 from Forest Park, awaits a new home outside St. Louis City and County limits (per agreement between the city and Missouri Civil War Museum in Jefferson Barracks).[472]
Waverly: CSA Gen. Joseph O. Shelby Statue (2009).
West Alton: Confederate Memorial, Lincoln Shields Recreation Area (1909).[473]
Inhabited places[edit]
Breckenridge: Named for U.S. Vice President and Confederate general John C. Breckenridge.
Parks[edit]
Keytesville: Sterling Price Gazebo and Park (1915)
Roads[edit]
Battlefield: South Robert E. Lee Street
Hilsboro: Jefferson Davis Drive
Sappington: General Lee Drive
St. Louis: Confederate Drive (1914)
Schools[edit]
Columbia: Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1934)
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Kansas City: United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument, Ward Parkway (1934). Removed on August 25, 2017.[474]
Montana[edit]
Confederate Memorial Fountain in Helena, Montana before removal.
There is at least one public space dedicated to the Confederacy in Montana.[1]
Beaverhead: Confederate Dam[475][476]
Beaverhead: Jeff Davis Creek[477]
Confederate Gulch: historic gold mining camp founded in 1864 by Confederate soldiers, including parolees.[478][479]
Former[edit]
Helena: Confederate Memorial Fountain (1916). Removed on August 18, 2017 after a City Council vote.[161][480]
Nevada[edit]
There are no public spaces with Confederate monuments in Nevada.[1]
Former[edit]
Paradise: University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV): Until the 1970's, the school mascot was Beauregard, a wolf dressed in a gray military field jacket and Confederate cap.[481][482] Beauregard was named for CSA Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard.
New Jersey[edit]
There is at least one public space dedicated to the Confederacy in New Jersey.[1]
Confederate Monument (1910), Finn's Point National Cemetery.
Pennsville Township: Confederate Monument (1910), Finn's Point National Cemetery. Commemorates the 2,436 Confederate prisoners-of-war who died at Fort Delaware.[483]
New York[edit]
There are at least three public spaces with Confederate monuments in New York.[1][484]
Monuments[edit]
Private monuments[edit]
Brooklyn: A tree at St. John’s Episcopal Church bears a plaque, installed by UDC in 1912, reading "This tree was planted by CSA Gen. Robert Edward Lee, while stationed at Fort Hamilton." [485] The plaque was removed in 2017.[486]
Mount Hope Cemetery, Hastings-on-Hudson[487]
The Bronx: Busts of Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee are in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College. The college plans to remove the statues.[486]
Roads[edit]
Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn:
General Lee Avenue
Stonewall Jackson Drive.
Throggs Neck, The Bronx: Longstreet Avenue, named for CSA Gen. James Longstreet[488]
North Carolina[edit]
Zebulon Baird Vance Monument in Asheville, North Carolina
There are at least 140 public spaces with Confederate monuments in North Carolina.[1]
A state law, the Historic Artifact Management and Patriotism Act (2015)[22] prevents removal or relocation of monuments. In 2017 Governor Roy Cooper asked the North Carolina legislature to repeal the law. He also asked the Department of Natural and Cultural Resources to "determine the cost and logistics of removing Confederate monuments from state property."[489][490]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Albemarle: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1925)[491]
Asheville:
Zebulon Baird Vance Monument, a granite obelisk erected in 1896.[492] Near the obelisk, a small granite marker memorializes the Dixie Highway, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee, and Col. John Connally, a Confederate officer who was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg. Near the Buncombe County Courthouse entrance, a smaller obelisk memorializes Confederate soldiers from Buncombe County who fought at Chickamauga and in other Civil War battles.[492] The monument was vandalized on August 18, 2017, and four individuals out of 30-40 protesters were arrested for trying to remove it with crowbars.[493]
Monument to 60th Regiment North Carolina Volunteers (1905)
Memorial plaque to Lieutenant William Henry Hardy (1930), "the First Soldier from Buncombe County to Fall in the War Between The States"[494]
Bakersville: Mitchell County’s Confederate Dead Monument
Burgaw: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1914)
Burnsville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (2009)
Clinton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1916). "In honor of the Confederate soldiers of Sampson County who bore the flag of a nation's trust and fell in a cause though lost still just and died for me and you."[97]
Columbia: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1902). "In appreciation of our faithful slaves".[495]
Confederate Soldiers Monument at Old Cabarrus County Courthouse, Concord, North Carolina
Concord: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1892) at Old Cabarrus County Courthouse[491]
Currituck: Confederate Soldiers Monument "To Our Confederate Dead 1861–1865" (1918)[496]
The Confederate Soldiers Monument in Durham (1924) was pulled down during a protest in August 2017 and at least one arrest was made.[497]
Dallas: Gaston County Confederate Soldier Monument (2003)
Danbury: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1990)
Dobson: Confederate Soldiers Monument (2000)
Durham: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1924)[491]
Elizabeth City: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1911)
Gastonia: Confederate Soldiers Monument, Gaston County Courthouse, dedicated November 21, 1912.[491]
Graham: Confederate Soldiers Monument, north side of Alamance County Courthouse (1914)[491]
Greenville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1914)
Hendersonville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1905)[491]
Hertford: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1912)
Laurinburg: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1912)
Lincolnton: Confederate Soldiers Memorial Drinking Fountain (1911)
Louisburg: The Confederate Memorial Drinking Fountain (1923) is dedicated to Orren Randolph Smith, who designed the Stars and Bars, the first official flag of the Confederacy[491][498]
Lumberton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1907)
Marion: Veterans Memorial
Morganton: Confederate Soldiers Monument at Old Courthouse (1918)[491]
Newton: Catawba County Confederate Soldiers Monument (1907), Old Catawba County Courthouse[491][499]
Old Chatham County Courthouse, Pittsboro, North Carolina (1908)
Pittsboro: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1907), Old Chatham County Courthouse; erected by Winnie Davis Chapter, UDC.[491][500]
Plymouth: Battle of Plymouth monument (1928) at Washington County Courthouse[501]
Roxboro:
Confederate Monument (1931)
Confederate Soldiers Monument, Person County Courthouse, erected in 1922, UDC.[491]
Rutherfordton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1910)
Shelby: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1907) at Old Courthouse[491]
Snow Hill: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1929)[491]
Statesville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1906) at Iredell County Courthouse[491]
Taylorsville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1958)[491]
Trenton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1960)
Wadesboro:
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1906)[491]
Confederate Women Monument (1934)[491]
Warrenton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1913)
Waynesville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1940)
Wilkesboro: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1998)
Wilson: Memorial Drinking Fountain (1926)
Winston-Salem: Confederate Soldiers Monument, Forsyth County Courthouse, erected 1905.[502]
Winton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1913)[491]
Other public monuments[edit]
Silent Sam in Chapel Hill
Asheboro: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1911)
Beaufort: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1926), Carteret County Courthouse[491]
Unincorporated Cabarrus County, near Concord: Stonewall Jackson Youth Development Center (a correctional facility).
Chapel Hill: Silent Sam, 1913. On August 22, 2017, hundreds of protestors gathered at the statue, calling for its removal. UNC Chancellor Carol Folt Issued a statemont that if it could, the University would remove it; state law prohibited it.[503]
Charlotte:
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1977)
Jefferson Davis Plaque (1960)
Last Meetings of the Confederate Cabinet Marker (1915)
1929 Confederate Reunion Marker (1929)
Judah P. Benjamin Memorial "erected in His Honor by Temple Israel and Temple Beth El, the Jewish Congregations of Charlotte, as a Gift to the North Carolina Division, United Daughters of the Confederacy" (1948)[504]
Concord:
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1892)[491]
Jefferson Davis Camp marker, showing where Davis "hitched his horse to a tree which stood on this spot" (1941)[505]
Edenton: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1909); moved from courthouse in 1961[491]
Enfield: Confederate Soldiers Memorial (1928) at Elmwood Cemetery. Originally located in downtown Enfield, the sculpture contains a drinking fountain.[491]
Faison: Monument to the "Confederate Grays" 20th Regiment North Carolina State Troops (1932)[491]
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1868) in Fayetteville
Fayetteville:
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1868) at Cross Creek Cemetery; the first Confederate monument in North Carolina[491]
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1902)[491]
Confederate Arsenal (1928)
Judah P. Benjamin marker (1944)[506]
Fletcher:
Jefferson Davis marker (1931), recognizing Davis as "A Statesman with Clean Hands and Pure Heart"[507]
Orren Randolph Smith marker (1930)[508]
Henry Timrod marker (1930), recognizing Timrod as "Laureate of the Confederacy"[509]
Matthew Fontaine Maury marker (1932). A Confederate Navy commander and slave owner, Maury investigated resettling American slaves in Brazil.[510][511]
Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway marker (1926), "In Loving Memory of Robert E. Lee...'The Shaft Memorial and Highway Straight Attest His Worth – He Cometh to His Own'"[512]
Zebulon Baird Vance marker (1928).[513]
Albert Pike marker (1928), "Arkansas Poet of the Confederacy"[514]
Calvary Episcopal Church Memorial (1927), "During the Civil War this Church was Used as Barracks by Confederate Troops"[515]
Forest City: Forest City Confederate Monument (1932)
Franklin: Confederate Soldiers Memorial (1909)
Gatesville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1915)[491]
Greensboro:
Confederate Soldiers Monument at Green Hill Cemetery (1888)[491]
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1985)[citation needed]
Army of Tennessee Monument (1986)[491]
Halifax: General Junius Daniel marker (1929)[516]
Hendersonville: Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway Marker (1926; re-dedicated 2008)[517]
Holly Springs: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1923)
Jacksonville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1957)
Justice: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1912) at Stallings Memorial Park[491]
Kinston:
CSA Gen. Robert Hoke Monument (1920)
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1924)
CSS Neuse Confederate Ironclad Gunboat Monument
Kure Beach
Confederate Memorial (1921)
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1932)
Lenoir, North Carolina
Lenoir: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1910) in town square[491]
Lexington, North Carolina (ca. 1920)
Lexington: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1905)[491]
Louisburg:
Confederate Memorial Drinking Fountain (1911)
Confederate Soldiers Monument to, "Our Confederate Dead". The monument is owned by the town of Louisburg, and in the center of Louisburg College. (1914)[518]
Middletown: Confederate Soldiers Monument (2001)
Mocksville: Davie County War Memorial (1987)
Monroe: Located on the grounds of the Old Union County Courthouse, the obelisk was erected by the Monroe chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy in 1910.[519]
Morgantown: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1918)
New Bern, North Carolina
New Bern: Confederate Monument, Cedar Grove Cemetery (1885)[520]
Oxford: Granville Gray, a Memorial to the Confederate Veterans of Granville County (1909).
Henry Lawson Wyatt in Raleigh, North Carolina
Raleigh:
Henry Lawson Wyatt Monument (1912); the first Confederate soldier to die in battle.[521]
Confederate Women’s Monument (1914)
Samuel A’Court Ashe Monument (1940)
North Carolina State Confederate Monument, Union Square, also known as the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, on the State Capitol grounds.
Reidsville: From 1910 to 2011, the monument stood in Reidsville's downtown area. In 2011, a motorist hit the monument, shattering the granite soldier which stood atop it. Placing the monument back in the center of town sparked a debate between local officials, neighbors and friends – which resulted in it being placed at its current site – the Greenview Cemetery. The new site contains a brand new statue. The original 101-year-old statue was completely destroyed.[522]
Rockingham: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1930)
Rocky Mount: Nash County Confederate Monument, erected in 1917 to honor Confederate War dead in Edgecombe and Nash Counties, rededicated to all veterans of all wars in 1976.
Salisbury: Confederate Monument (1909).[523]
Selma: The Last Grand Review Monument (1990)[524]
Stanley: Stanley Community Center & Polling Place
Sylva: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1915)
Tarboro:
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1904)[491]
Henry Lawson Wyatt Memorial Fountain (1910)[491]
Thomasville: Thomasville and Davidson County Civil War Memorial (1910)
Tuxedo: Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway Marker (1927)[525]
Washington, Virginia: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1888), Oakdale Cemetery[491]
Weldon: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1908; relocated 1934)[491]
Wentworth: Rockingham County Confederate Monument (1998)[526]
Wilmington:
Confederate Memorial (1924)
Confederate Monument (1932)
Confederate Monument (1998)
George Davis Statue (1909)
Rose O'Neale Greenhow Monument
Windsor: Memorial to the Confederate Dead, erected in 1896 by the Confederate Veterans Associations of Bertie County.[527]
Yanceyville: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1921), Old Caswell County Courthouse[491]
Inhabited places[edit]
Carrboro (1882), named for CSA soldier Julian Carr
Hoke County (1911), named for CSA Maj. Gen. Robert Hoke
Lee County (1907)
Pender County (1875), named for CSA Gen. William Dorsey Pender
Vance County (1881)
Natural features[edit]
North Carolina Confederate Veterans Forest (1956).[528] 125,000 spruce pine trees were planted by the UDC in the 1940s as a living memorial to North Carolina Confederate Veterans. The forest was rededicated in 2001. The area is located beneath Mt. Hardy near the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Roads[edit]
Charlotte:
Jefferson Davis Street
E & W Stonewall Streets [529]
E & W Hill Streets [529]
Clinton: General Lee Lane
Dunn: General Lee Avenue
Fayetteville: General Lee Avenue
Flat Rock: Robert E. Lee Drive
Hope Mills: Jefferson Davis Street
Kinston: Robert E. Lee Drive
Lexington: Confederate Street
Mebane:
Beauregard Lane
Hill Lane
Pickett Lane
Stonewall Drive
Stuart Lane
Monroe: Confederate Street
Salisbury:
Beauregard Drive
Confederate Avenue
Pickett Avenue
Stonewall Road
Stuart Street
Sanford: Robert E. Lee Drive
Spencer:
Beauregard Drive
Confederate Avenue
Pickett Avenue
Stonewall Road
Stuart Street
Spring Lake: General Lee Street
Stonewall: Stonewall Street
Watha: Robert E. Lee Drive
Wilmington: (all within the Pine Valley neighborhood)
Beauregard Drive
Breckinridge Drive, named for CSA Gen. John C. Breckinridge
Buckner Drive, named for CSA Brig. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner
Early Drive
Jeb Stuart Drive
Johnston Drive
Longstreet Drive
Merrimac Drive
Pemberton Drive, named for CSA officer John C. Pemberton
Pettigrew Drive, named for CSA Brig. Gen J. Johnston Pettigrew
Pickett Drive
Robert E. Lee Drive
Stonewall Jackson Drive
Windsor: Confederate Street
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Chapel Hill: A 1922 building at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill was named for William L. Saunders, colonel in the Confederate army and head of the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina. In 2014, the building was renamed Carolina Hall.
Durham:
Confederate Soldiers Monument at the Old Durham County Courthouse, erected in 1924. It was pulled down during a protest in 2017. Eight individuals were arrested for destroying the memorial. Many identified themselves as members of the communist "Workers World Party".[530] Additional marches resulted.[531]
Statue of Robert E. Lee in the Duke Chapel, Duke University. Installed in the 1930s in consultation with "an unnamed Vanderbilt University professor."[clarification needed][532] Defaced August 17, 2017.[161][533] Removed on August 19, 2017.[534]
Ohio[edit]
There are at least three public spaces with Confederate monuments in Ohio.[1]
Monuments[edit]
Confederate Soldier Memorial, Camp Chase, Columbus
Columbus: Camp Chase Cemetery's Confederate Soldier Memorial. Dedicated in 1902. Statue on top was toppled and damaged by vandals overnight on August 22, 2017.[535][536] The Veterans Administration stated that the statue will be repaired.[537]
Ottawa County: Johnson's Island Confederate Prison Cemetery Solder Memorial
Sandusky: Confederate Stockade Cemetery (three memorials).[538][539]
Roads[edit]
Milford:
Beauregard Court, memorializing CSA Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard
Jeb Stuart Drive, memorializing CSA Gen. J. E. B. Stuart.
Stonewall Jackson Drive, memorializing CSA Gen. Stonewall Jackson.
Schools[edit]
Cleveland: John Adams High School uses the Rebels team name, but the mascot more closely resembles a cavalier than a Confederate soldier.[540]
Willoughby: Willoughby South High School dropped its Confederate uniformed mascot and removed all remaining Confederate imagery from the school while retaining the Rebels team name and school colors grey and blue. In 1993 the school dropped Stars and Bars as the school song and removed Confederate imagery from school uniforms.[540]
McConnelsville: Morgan High School is named for Confederate General John Hunt Morgan. Their nickname is the "Raiders".
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Franklin: Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee roadside plaque. Removed August 16–17, 2017.[541]
Willoughby: Willoughby South High School: In 2017, the school dropped its “Rebel” mascot – a man dressed in a gray Confederate military outfit – but kept the "Rebel" nickname.[542]
Oklahoma[edit]
Confederate Monument at Cherokee National Capitol
Robert E. Lee School in Durant, Oklahoma
There are at least 13 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Oklahoma.[1]
Stand Watie Monument, Polson Cemetery, Delaware County
Buildings[edit]
Ardmore: Oklahoma Confederate Home, operated as OK Confederate Home from 1911 to 1942. Renamed Oklahoma Veterans Center after last residing confederate veteran passed.[543][544]
Monuments[edit]
Ardmore:
Confederate Monument (1910) at Oklahoma Veterans Center (formerly Oklahoma Confederate Home) has pair (CSA and Union) monuments.[545]
Confederate Monument (2013) at Rose Hill Cemetery[546]
Atoka: Two monuments are located at the Confederate cemetery for soldiers killed in the Battle of Middle Boggy[544][547]
Delaware County: Two monuments to CSA General Stand Watie at Polson Cemetery; the first erected circa 1910-20, and the second erected in 1971[544]
Durant:
Confederate Soldier Statue at Bryan County Courthouse, erected in 1917 by UDC. Dedicated in 1918.[548][549]
Confederate Monument at Highland Cemetery[544]
Hugo: Rose Hill
Mayes County: Confederate Monument at site of Second Battle of Cabin Creek (1961)[544]
Oklahoma City: Confederate Monument in Fairlawn Cemetery (1923)[544]
Oktaha: Memorial in Oktaha Cemetery to Confederate soldiers who died in the Battle of Honey Springs (1940)[544]
Rentiesville:
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1988) in Honey Springs Battlefield by UDC and Children of the Confederacy.[1][544]
Texas Confederates Memorial in Honey Springs Battlefield by UDC[544]
Tahlequah:
Confederate Monument at Cherokee National Capitol (1913)[544]
Stand Watie Monument (1971)[544]
Wynnewood: Confederate Soldier monument (2004)[550]
Schools[edit]
Durant: Robert E. Lee Elementary School[551]
Oklahoma City: school board studying renaming in 2017
Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1910)[552]
Jackson Elementary School (1910)[552]
Wheeler Elementary School (1910)[552]
Stand Watie Elementary School (1930)[552]
Pauls Valley: Lee Elementary School
Tulsa: Lee Elementary School
Inhabited places[edit]
Jackson County (1907) sources dispute if the name is for the CSA General or President Jackson
Town of Stonewall (1874) for Stonewall Jackson
Roads[edit]
Jay: Stand Watie Road
Oregon[edit]
Schools[edit]
Albany: South Albany High School. The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels."[553]
Pennsylvania[edit]
Virginia State Monument (1917), Gettysburg Battlefield.
Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1911), Philadelphia National Cemetery.
There are at least four public spaces with Confederate monuments in Pennsylvania.[1]
Monuments[edit]
McConnellsburg
Confederate Soldiers Monument, dedicated in 1929.
Last Confederate Bivouac Monument, dedicated in 1930.
Philadelphia: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1911), Philadelphia National Cemetery. Commemorates 184 Confederate prisoners of war who died in Philadelphia area hospitals and camps.
Roads[edit]
McConnellsburg: Confederate Lane
Wilkes-Barre: Lee Park Avenue
South Carolina[edit]
There are at least 112 public spaces with Confederate monuments in South Carolina.[1]
The state restricted the removal of memorials and statues with the South Carolina Heritage Act (2000) which states that "no historical monument can altered or moved without a two-thirds vote in both chambers of the state's General Assembly".[554]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Greenwood County Courthouse, Greenwood, South Carolina
Anderson: Anderson County Confederate Memorial, "Our Confederate Dead," dedicated in 1902.[555]
Bamberg: Bamberg County Confederate Monument.[1]
Bishopville: Lee County Monument to the Confederate Dead at Lee County Courthouse (1913)[556]
Darlington: Monument to the Confederate Dead (1880)
Edgefield Confederate Monument (1900)
Greenwood: Confederate Monument (1903)[557]
Lancaster: Our Confederate Soldiers Monument (1909)
Lexington: Lexington Confederate Monument (1886)
Manning: Confederate Monument (1914)
St. Matthews: “Lest We Forget” Monument (1914)
Union: Union County: Confederate Memorial (1917)
Walterboro: Confederate Monument (1911)
York County: County removed a Confederate flag and portraits of CSA leaders from inside the court room. Being challenged in court.[558]
Other public monuments[edit]
Orangeburg
Abbeville:
Abbeville Confederate Monument, dedicated on August 23, 1906.[559]
First Secession Meeting Columns Monument, dedicated in 1927.[1]
Aiken: Confederate Memorial, erected in 1901.[1]
Barnwell: Confederate Monument.[1]
Bennettsville: Confederate Monument. (1907)[1]
Camden:
Confederate War Memorial (1883)[1]
Richard Kirkland Memorial Fountain (1911)[1]
Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston: Monument to the Confederate Defenders of Charleston (1932)[560]
Chester Confederate Monument[1]
Clemson: Old Stone Church Confederate Memorial
Clinton Confederate Monument[1]
Columbia:
The monument to South Carolina's Confederate Dead (1879) is positioned on the northern end of the South Carolina State House grounds. The monument, after a decision by the Legislature to remove the Confederate flag from the dome of the State House, where it had flown since 1962, flew a traditional version of the Confederate Battle Flag from 2000 to 2015; the flag was the subject of intense protests and national level political debate.[561][562] President Obama said the Confederate Flag belonged in a museum.[563] In 2015 it was removed by a 2/3 vote of both houses of the Legislature.[564]
Longstreet Theater and Annex at the University of South Carolina.[1]
Monument to the South Carolina Women of the Confederacy (1912)[1]
Wade Hampton Confederate Monument (1906)[1]
Benjamin Tillman monument, in the statehouse.
Conway: Our Confederate Dead Monument
Cross Hill: Confederate Monument (1908)
Fort Mill:
Catawba Indian Monument (1900)
Defenders of State Sovereignty Momnument (1891)
Faithful Slaves Monument (1895). Local cotton mill owner Samuel E. White and the Jefferson Davis Memorial Association dedicated the memorial to honor the "faithful slaves who loyal to a sacred trust toiled for the support of the army with matchless devotion and sterling fidelity guarded our defenceless homes, women and children during the struggle for the principles of our Confederate States of America." [565] This monument is seen as an example of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy movement.
Gaffney: The Cherokee County Confederate Monument was built in 1922.[566]
Monument at Battery White
Georgetown: Confederate Monument (1929) at Battery White.[567]
Jonesville Confederate Monument (1907)
Kingstree: Confederate Soldier, Williamsburg County Monument (1910)
Laurens Confederate Monument (1910)
Marion Monument "To the Dead and Living Confederate Veterans" (1903)
Moncks Corner: Berkely County Confederate Monument (2011)
Newberry Confederate Monument (1880)
Orangeburg:
Confederate Monument (1893)
Confederate Flag and Monument (2001)
Prosperity: Confederate Veterans Monument (1928)
Rock Hill: Ebenezer Confederate Monument (1908)
Salem Confederate Monument (2004)
Spartanburg: Confederate Soldier Monument (1910)
Walhalla: "Our Confederate Dead" Monument (1910)
Westminster Confederate Monument (1980)
Williamston: Confederate Monument (1942)
Winnsboro: Confederate Memorial (1901)
York: York County Confederate Monument (1906)
Inhabited places[edit]
City of Batesburg-Leesville
Lee County (1902)
Bradley (unincorporated)
Hampton County (1878)
City of Kershaw (1888)
Roads[edit]
Aiken: Beauregard Lane
Anderson:
Beauregard Lane
Bonham Court
Beaufort: Beauregard Court
Bluffton: Robert E. Lee Lane
Charleston:
Beauregard Street
Robert E. Lee Boulevard
Clinton:
Beauregard Street
Stonewall Street
Columbia:
Beauregard Street
Bonham Road
Bonham Street
Confederate Avenue
South Bonham Road
Cowpens: Stonewall Drive
Daufuskie Island: Beauregard Boulevard
Early Branch: Robert E. Lee Road
Easley: Stonewall Drive
Fort Mill: Confederate Street
Greenville: Stonewall Lane
Greenwood: Bonham Court
Greer: Beauregard Court
Hartsville: Stonewall Street
Honea Path: Beauregard Drive
Lake City: Beauregard Street
Lancaster: Confederate Avenue
Modoc: Beauregard Drive
Mountville: Jefferson Davis Road
Orangeburg:
Beauregard Street
Robert E. Lee Street
Stonewall Jackson Boulevard
Stonewall Jackson Street Southwest
Rock Hill
North Stonewall Street
South Stonewall Street
Saluda
Bonham Avenue
Bonham Road
St. Matthews: Stonewall Lane
Summerville:
Beauregard Court
Stonewall Drive
Timmonsville:
Robert E. Lee Avenue
Stonewall Drive
Trenton: Thomas S. Jackson Road
Union:
Bonham Station Road
General Lee Drive
Wagener: Stonewall Jackson Road
Walterboro: Robert E. Lee Drive
Westminster: Stonewall Drive
Walterboro: Robert E. Lee Drive
Schools[edit]
Bishopville:
Lee Central High School
Lee Central Middle School
Lee County Career & Technology Center
Lee High School
Greenville: Wade Hampton High School
Ehrhardt: Jackson Academy (private school): The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Confederates"[465]
Clemson University: Named after the Confederate soldier and son of John C. Calhoun that bequeathed the land to the state for the creation of an agricultural college.[568]
Tennessee[edit]
There are at least 80 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Tennessee.[1] The Tennessee Heritage Protection Act (2016) and a 2013 law restrict the removal of statues and memorials.[20]
Buildings[edit]
Murfreesboro: Forrest Hall at Middle Tennessee State University[569]
Monuments[edit]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Confederate Women monument, Nashville
Blountville: Confederate Memorial (1928)
Bolivar: Monument to the Memory of Fallen Confederate Sons (1873)
Brownsville: Confederate Memorial (1909)
Charlotte: Confederate Monument (2001)
Cleveland: Confederate Monument Unveiled june 3, (1911)[570]
Covington: Confederate Monument (1894)
Dresden: Weakley County Confederate Monument (1915)
Dyersburg: Confederate Monument (1905)
Jackson: "Our Confederate Dead" Monument (1888)
Lafayette: Macon County Counfederate Monument (2001)
Lewisburg: Confederate Soldier Monument (1904)
Murfreesboro: Confederate Monument (1901)
Nashville: Tennessee Confederate Women's Monument, Belle Kinney Scholz, sculptor (1926)
Paris: Confederate Monument (1900)
Pulaski: “Rebel Martyr” Sam Davis Statue (1906)
Savannah: Confederate Monument (1995)
Selmer: Confederate Memorial (1994)
Shelbyville: Confederate Memorial in Memory of the “Shelbyville Rebels” Company F 41st Tennessee Regiment CSA unveiled July 23 (1937) [571]
Smithville: DeKalb County Confederate Monument (1996)
Spencer: Confederate Monument (1988)
Springfield: Confederate Monument (2012)
Trenton: Confederate Monument (1900)
Union City: Confederate Monument (1869)
Waynesboro: Confederate Monument (2003)
Other public monuments[edit]
Jefferson Davis statue in the former Confederate Park, Memphis
Altamont: Confederate Memorial (1896)
Chattanooga: statue of Alexander P. Stewart, a confederate lieutenant, in front of the Chattanooga/ Hamilton County Courthouse. (1919) Efforts have been made to remove this statue.[572]
Clarksville: Confederate Monument (1893), Greenwood Cemetery[148]
Crossville: Confederate and Union Memorial[573]
Denmark: Britton Lane Confederate Monument (1897)
Franklin: Memorial to CSA Gen. Patrick Cleburne
Franklin: "Our Confederate Soldiers" Monument (1899)
Gallatin: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1903)
Humboldt: Confederate Monument (1900)
Lebanon: Confederate Memorial Gen. Hatton Statue (1912)
Rutherford County: grounds around the County Courthouse contain a 1901 monument to the Confederacy and a 2011 memorial to those from the County who served in the Army of Tennessee.
Memphis:
Monument to Captain J. Harvey Mathes, 37th Tennessee C.S.A.[574]
Jefferson Davis Monument (1964)
The Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument in Memphis
Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument (1904) It was installed thanks in part to Judge Thomas J. Latham's wife.[575]
Mount Pleasant: Confederate Monument (1907)
Mulberry: Confederate Memorial (1909)
Murfreesboro: Confederate Circle in Evergreen Cemetery was established in 1891 as a memorial to approximately 2,000 Confederate soldiers whose remains were reinterred there.
Nashville:
Confederate Private Monument (1909) in Centennial Park.
Confederate Gallery, Ryman Auditorium[576]
Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust in the Tennessee State Capitol.[577] It was installed at Douglas Henry's request.[578] Governor Bill Haslam and U.S. Senator Bob Corker called for its removal in 2015.[579] Other protesters called for its removal on August 14, 2017.[580]
Sam Davis Statue (1909) outside the Tennessee State Capitol. Its commission was suggested by Sumner Archibald Cunningham, the founding editor of Confederate Veteran, who attended its dedication in 1909.[581] On August 28, 2017, protesters covered the statue, but the Tennessee Highway Patrol and the Nashville Fire Department uncovered it half an hour later.[582]
Sign of the Confederate Circle in the Mount Olivet Cemetery.
Mount Olivet Cemetery had a burial and memorial area established by a ladies group shortly after the Civil War which became known as Confederate Circle.
Nathan Bedford Forrest Statue surrounded by Confederate battle flags near Interstate 65, installed in 1998.[583]
Parkers Crossroads:
Freeman’s Battery (2002)
Morton’s Battery (2007)
Pulaski:
Seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry Memorial (1911)
Confederate subsection with a Confederate monument dedicated by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1913, Maplewood Cemetery.[584]
Sewanee:
Kirby-Smith Monument (1940)
Union City: Confederate Monument (1909)
Parks[edit]
Eva: Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park (1963)
Franklin: Confederate Memorial Park at Winstead Hill Park&nbsp
Memphis: Three Confederate-themed city parks were "hurriedly renamed" prior to enactment of the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act of 2013. Confederate Park (1908), founded on the site of the former city dump, was renamed Memphis Park; Jefferson Davis Park was renamed Mississippi River Park; and Nathan Bedford Forrest Park was renamed Health Sciences Park.[585][586]
Roads[edit]
Brentwood
Jefferson Davis Drive
Robert E. Lee Lane
Culleoka: General Lee Road
Dandridge
Jeb Stuart Drive
Stonewall Jackson Drive
Elizabethton: Stonewall Jackson Drive
Eva: Jeff Davis Drive
Forest Hills: Robert E. Lee Drive
Franklin:
General J.B. Hood Drive
General Nathan Bedford Forrest Drive
Jeb Stuart Drive
Jefferson Davis Drive
Gallatin: Robert Lee Drive
Nashville: Beauregard Drive
Newport
Robert E. Lee Drive
Stonewall Jackson Driv
Oak Hill: Stonewall Jackson Court
Pulaski
Sam Davis Avenue
Sam Davis Trail
Sardis: Jeff Davis Lane
Smyrna
Jeb Stuart Drive
Lee Lane
Longstreet Drive
Robert E. Lee Lane
Sam Davis Road
Stonewall Drive
Inhabited places[edit]
Dixie Lee Junction unincorporated community where the Dixie and Lee Highways intersect
Schools[edit]
Chapel Hill: Forrest High School
Paris: Robert E. Lee School
Sewanee: The University of the South is more closely linked with the Confederacy than is any other university. Confederate flags are in stained glass windows of the Chapel. Students as late as 1871 were required to wear uniforms of "cadet gray cloth."[587] Confederate flags hung in the Chapel from its dedication in 1909 until the mid-1990s when they were removed "reportedly to improve acoustics."[588] There is an official portrait hanging at the University of Bishop Leonidas Polk, who was in charge of the celebration of the cornerstone laying in 1857, and said the new university will "materially aid the South to resist and repel a fanatical domination which seeks to rule over us."[589] He resigned his ecclesiastical position to become a major general in the Confederate army, and died in battle in 1864. His official portrait at the University depicts him dressed as a bishop with his army uniform hanging nearby. The Confederate flag was also emblazoned on the university mace that led processions marking the beginning and ending of the term from 1965 until 1997. At a special chapel service to celebrate Jefferson Davis' birthday, the Ceremonial Mace was consecrated to the memory of Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, by Bishop Charles C. J. Carpenter of Alabama – one of the clergy who opposed Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s activities in Birmingham in 1963, prompting King to write his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" in response.[588]
The Vice Chancellor is the chief academic officer at the University; the chancellor is a bishop of the Episcopal church. Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee both turned down offers of the position.[590] (Sewanee has a portrait of Davis.[591]) The first Vice Chancellor was Rt. Rev. Charles Todd Quintard, called "chaplain of the Confederacy." He compiled the Confederate Soldiers' Pocket Manual of Devotions (Charleston, 1863).[592]
The University's chief donor was John Armfield, at the time co-owner of Franklin and Armfield, the largest slave-trading firm in the U.S. He purchased the site and gave the university an endowment of $25,000 a year. In addition to Polk, Bishop Stephen Elliott, the first and only Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, and Bishop James Hervey Otey, later prominent in the Confederacy, were significant founders of the university. Generals Edmund Kirby Smith, Josiah Gorgas, and Francis A. Shoup were prominent in the university's postbellum revival and continuance.
Tullahoma: Robert E. Lee Elementary (1964)
Vanderbilt University: Bust of Confederate Colonel and Board of Trust Treasurer Edmund William Cole in Kirkland Hall, the administration building, designed by George Julian Zolnay.[593] He is also the namesake of the annual Cole Lecture.[594] The campus includes several buildings tied to slavery and the Confederacy.[595][596]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Confederate Memorial Hall, now known as Memorial Hall, Vanderbilt University.
The 2016 Tennessee Heritage Protection Act puts "the brakes on cities' and counties' ability to remove monuments or change names of streets and parks."[572]
Nashville: Confederate Memorial Hall on the campus of Vanderbilt University was built in 1935. The school renamed the building "Memorial Hall" on August 15, 2016 after anonymous donors donated US$1.2 million to repay the United Daughters of the Confederacy a $50,000 donation, adjusted for inflation. UDC accepted the donation "reluctantly".[597]
Texas[edit]
There are at least 178 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Texas.[598][1]
Buildings[edit]
Houston:
Jefferson Davis Hospital was built on a confederate graveyard and operated from 1924-1938. The building saw many government uses after that, but was eventually converted to artist lofts in 2004 after being listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a heritage landmark to be preserved in perpetuity. The hospital was named for Jefferson Davis, former president of the Confederacy, in honor of the Confederate soldiers who had been buried in the cemetery and as a means to console the families of the deceased.[599]
A second Jefferson Davis Hospital operated several miles away on Allen Parkway from 1938 to 1999 when it was demolished.[600]
Monuments[edit]
Many monuments were donated by pro-Confederacy groups like Daughters of the Confederacy. County governments at the time voted to accept the gifts and take ownership of the statues.[601][602]
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Denton, Texas
Alpine: Confederate Col. Henry P. Brewster (1963)
Aspermont: Historical marker, "County Named for Confederate Hero Stonewall Jackson," Stonewall County Courthouse. (1963)
Bastrop: Historical marker, "Home Town of Texas Confederate Major Joseph D. Sayers," Bastrop County Courthouse..(1963)[603]
Bastrop, Bastrop County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated on June 11, 1910.[604]
Bay City, Matagorda County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated on January 17, 1913.[605][606]
Belton, Bell County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[607]
Bonham, Fannin County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in July 1905.[608]
Comanche, Comanche County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in 2002.[609]
Corsicana, Navarro County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in 1907.[610][611]
Clarksville, Red River County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[612]
Denton: Denton Confederate Soldier Monument, dedicated June 3, 1918, located on the south lawn of the Denton County Courthouse[613]
Farmersville: Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Collin County, Farmersville City Park. Dedicated in 1917.[614]
Fort Worth, Tarrant County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in 1953.[615]
Dignified Resignation in Galveston, Texas
Galveston: Dignified Resignation (1909) by Louis Amateis at the Galveston County Courthouse. With his back turned to the US flag while carrying a Confederate flag, it is the only memorial in Texas to feature a Confederate sailor.[616][617] It was “erected to the soldiers and sailors of the Confederate States of America.” An inscription on the plaque reads, “there has never been an armed force which in purity of motives intensity of courage and heroism has equaled the army and navy of the Confederate States of America.”[618]
Gainesville: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Cooke County Courthouse (1911)[619][620]
Georgetown, Texas
Georgetown: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Williamson County Courthouse (1916)[citation needed]
Goldthwaite, Mills County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[621]
Hiram B. Granbury Monument, Granbury, Hood County Courthouse: Confederate General. The statue is of CSA Gen. Hiram B. Granbury who was killed in the Battle of Franklin. Dedicated in 1913.[622]
Hillsboro, Hill County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[623]
Jefferson, Marion County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in 1907. Moved to the courthouse in the 1930s.[624][625]
Livingston, Polk County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[626]
Llano, Llano County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[627]
Lockhart, Caldwell County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[628]
Longview, Gregg County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated on June 3, 1911.[629][630]
Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Mount Pleasant, Titus County Courthouse. Dedicated on November 2, 1912.[631][632]
Memphis, Hall County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[633]
Marshall, Harrison County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated on January 16, 1906.[634]
Confederate Soldiers' Monument, New Braunfels, Comal County Courthouse. It's located on the Main Plaza park next to the county courthouse. Dedicated on November 11, 1937.[635]
Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Paris, Lamar County Courthouse.[636] Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Kaufman, Kaufman County Courthouse.[637]
Rusk, Cherokee County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[638]
Sherman, Grayson County. Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Courthouse. Dedicated on April 3, 1896. This was the first Confederate statue dedicated on county courthouse grounds in Texas history.[639]
Stephenville, Erath County Courthouse. Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in 2001.[640]
Confederate Mothers Monument in Texarkana
Texarkana:The Confederate Mothers Monument (1918), located in Texas near the state line with Arkansas, is shared by the US District Court in Texarkana, Texas, and the US Post Office and Courthouse in Texarkana, Arkansas[641][642]
Vernon, Wilbarger County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument.[643]
Weatherford, Parker County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated on November 25, 1929.[644]
Waxahachie, Ellis County Courthouse: Confederate Soldiers' Monument. Dedicated in November 1912.[645][646]
Other public monuments[edit]
Confederate Memorial Plaza in Anderson, Texas
Alpine: CSA Gen. Lawrence "Sul" Ross Monument (1963)
Amarillo: Confederate Soldier Statue (1931)[616]
Anderson: Confederate Memorial Plaza (2010).[647] The plaza beside the Grimes County courthouse flies a Confederate flag behind a gate with metal lettering reading “Confederate Memorial Plaza.” A metal statue depicts one of several Grimes County residents who fought with the 4th Texas volunteer infantry brigade in Virginia.[618]
Athens: Henderson County Confederate Monument (1964)
Austin:
Littlefield Fountain, on the South Mall at the University of Texas of Austin, bears the name of George W. Littlefield, a university regent who served under Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston and owned slaves prior to the Civil War. The fountain features an inscription that reads, "To the men and women of the Confederacy who fought with valor and suffered with fortitude that states [ sic? ] rights be maintained."
Texas State Capital Confederate Soldiers Monument (1903). Base Designer: Frank Teich. Sculptor: Pompeo Coppini.[648] Contains four statues; one is of Jefferson Davis, one of Robert E. Lee, and one of Confederate General [[John B. Hood]. The inscription reads: "Died for state rights guaranteed under the constitution. The people of the South, animated by the spirit of 1776, to preserve their rights, withdrew from the federal compact in 1861. The North resorted to coercion. The South, against overwhelming numbers and resources, fought until exhausted.”[618]
Plaque in the Texas State Capitol, which reads:
Children of the Confederacy Creed
Because we desire to perpetuate, in love and honor, the heroic deeds of those who enlisted in the Confederate Army, and upheld its flag through four years of war, we, the children of the South, have united in an organization called "Children of the Confederacy," in which our strength, enthusiam, and love of justice can exert its influence.
We, therefore, pledge ourself to preserve pure ideals: to honor our Veterans; to study and teach the truths of history (one of the most important of which is that the War between the States was not a rebellion, nor was its underlying cause to sustain slavery) and to always act in a manner that will reflect honor upon our noble and patriotic ancestors.
Erected by Texas Division
Children of the Confederacy
August 7, 1959
In August 2017 Representative Eric Johnson, and in September 2017 House Speaker Joe Straus wrote to the Texas State Preservation Board asking that the plaque be removed. According to Straus, "The plaque says that the Civil War was not an act of rebellion and was not primarily about slavery. This is not accurate, and Texans are not well-served by incorrect information about our history." "Straus also reiterated his calls for the 'historical accuracy and context' of the Capitol's dozen or so other nods to the Civil War to be reviewed: 'We have an obligation to all the people we serve to ensure that our history is described correctly, especially when it comes to a subject as painful as slavery.'"[649]
Beaumont: "Our Confederate Soldiers" Monument (1912)
Clarksville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1912)
Cleburne: Cleburne Monument (2010)
Coleman: Hometown of Texas CSA Col. James E. McCord Monument (1963)
Confederate War Memorial in Dallas
Dallas: Confederate War Memorial. Originally erected in City Park in 1897, but relocated to Pioneer Park Cemetery in 1961 due to highway construction.[650]
College Station: A statue of Lawrence Sullivan Ross, confederate general and former president of A&M University is located on the campus of Texas A&M University. In August, 2017, the Chancelor of the university, John Sharp, has confirmed that the university will not be removing the statue from the campus.[651]
Corpus Christi: Queen of the Sea (1914; restored 1990), bas-relief by Pompeo Coppini; UDC-sponsored Confederate memorial featuring an allegorical female figure--representing Corpus Christie--holding keys of success while receiving blessings from Mother Earth and Father Neptune, who are standing next to her.[616] "Coppini was abhorrent of war", and in Queen of the Sea "he crafted a sculpture that symbolized peace and captured the spirit of Corpus Christi".[652]
El Paso:
Hometown of Texas CSA Capt. James W. Magoffin Monument (1964)
CSA Maj. Simeon Hart Monument (1964)
Farmersville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1917)
Fort Worth: Confederate Soldier Memorial (1939), Oakwood Cemetery[616]
Gainesville Confederate Heroes Statue (1908) in Leonard Park[653][654]
Gonzales: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Confederate Square. Dedicated on June 3, 1909. To "our Confederate dead."[655][656]
Greenville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1926)
Holliday: Stonewall Jackson Camp 249 Monument (1999)
Houston:
Spirit of the Confederacy (1908, in present location since 1925), by Louis Amateis.[616] Erected by United Daughters of the Confederacy.[657] On August 19, 2017, "More than 400 socialists, liberals and Black Lives Matter activists showed up to demand the monument's removal, while a few dozen counter-protesters — some carrying Confederate flags — showed up in opposition."[658]
Dick Dowling (sculpture), located at the entrance to Hermann Park. Erected in 1905, the monument was in front of City Hall until 1958, when it was moved to its present location. On August 19, 2017, Andrew Schneck was arrested at the statue with bomb materials.[659]
Kermit: Col. C.M. Winkler Monument (1963)
Marshall:
Confederate Capitol of Missouri Monument (1963)
Confederate Monument (1906)
Home of Last Texas Confederate Gov. Pendleton Murrah Monument (1963)
Miami: Col. O.M. Roberts Monument (1963)
John H. Reagan Memorial in Palestine, Texas. The allegorical figure seated beneath Reagan represents the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.[616]
Palestine: John H. Reagan Memorial (1911) by Pompeo Coppini[616]
Sabine Pass: Sabine Pass Battleground. Where the Sabine River enters the Gulf of Mexico, 47 Confederate men held off a large Union attack, destroying two Union boats and capturing hundreds of prisoners. Today the site is managed by the Texas Historical Commission, and it hosts battle reenactments in honor of the Confederate soldiers.
Sherman: Confederate Soldier Monument (1897)
Tomball: Confederate Powder Mill Marker Monument (1966)
Victoria: Confederate Monument (1912)
Private monuments[edit]
Confederate Veterans Memorial Plaza, Palestine, Texas
Hempstead: The Liendo Plantation was a center for Confederate recruiting efforts and held Union prisoners during the war. Now it holds battle reenactments and demonstrations of Civil War era Confederate life at its annual Civil War Weekend.
Orange: Confederate Memorial of the Wind: under construction since 2013.[660]
Palestine: Confederate Veterans Memorial Plaza (2013), funded by the Sons of the Confederate Veterans[661]
Inhabited places[edit]
Counties[edit]
Donley County (1882): Stockton P. Donley was a lawyer who enlisted in the Confederate Army. Just after the war in 1866, he was elected to the Supreme Court of Texas, but was removed by the Reconstruction military government.
Ector County (1891): Named for CSA General Mathew Ector, who later served as a judge.
Foard County (1891): Named for Robert L. Foard an attorney and Confederate Major.[662]
Gray County (1902) named for Peter W. Gray, a lawyer and legislator who attended the 1861 Texas State Secession Convention, and voted to leave the union. Shortly after, Gray was elected to the Confederate House of Representatives.
Gregg County (1873) named for CSA General John Gregg, who was a delegate to the Texas Secession Convention in 1861 and was elected to represent Texas in the Provisional Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama, and later in Richmond, Virginia. He was killed in action at the Siege of Petersburg in 1864.
Hemphill County (1877) was named for John Hemphill, Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court from 1841 to 1858 until he was elected to the US Senate when Sam Houston refused to support secession. He was expelled from the Senate when Texas seceded in 1861 and than represented Texas in the Provisional Confederate Congress until his death. Hemphill, Texas is also named for John Hemphill.
Lee County (1874): named for Robert E. Lee.
Ochiltree County (1889): named for secessionist politician William Beck Ochiltre.
Oldham County (1881) named for William Simpson Oldham Sr., a Confederate politician.
Randall County (1889), named for CSA Brig. Gen. Horace Randal.
Reagan County (1903), named for CSA Col. George R. Reeves.
Reeves County (1884) named for CSA officer George R. Reeves.
Roberts County (1889) named for Oran Milo Roberts, who was unanimously elected president of the 1861 Secession Convention, a meeting that he had been influential in calling. In 1862 he resigned the Supreme Court seat and was elected colonel of the Eleventh Texas infantry in the Confederate Army. He was gobernor of Texas from 1879 to 1883.
Scurry County (1884): named for secessionist and CSA Gen. William Read Scurry.
Stonewall County (1888) named for CSA General Stonewall Jackson.
Sutton County (1890) named for CSA officer John S. Sutton.
Terrell County (1905) named for CSA acting General Alexander W. Terrell.
Terry County (1904) named for CSA Col. Benjamin Franklin Terry .
Tom Green County (1875) named for CSA Brig.Gen Thomas Green, KIA (killed in action).
Upton County (1910): named for CSA named for brothers John C. and William F. Upton, both colonels in the Confederate Army.
Winkler County (1910) named for CSA Col. Clinton M. Winkler.
Municipalities[edit]
City of Cleburne (1871)
City of Fort Davis: named for Jefferson Davis.
City of Granbury (1887)
City of Hemphill: named for judge and Confederate politician John Hemphill (see Hemphill County as well)
City of Robert Lee
City of Stonewall: named for Stonewall Jackson.
Cemeteries[edit]
San Antonio: The Confederate Cemetery on Commerce Street covers nearly 3 acres and has more than 950 burials, including 215 Confederate veterans.[618]
Parks[edit]
Davis Mountains State Park (1938) named for the mountain range
Davis Mountains (geographic feature in West Texas around and named for Fort Davis)
Holliday: Stonewall Jackson Campground
Palestine: John H. Reagan Park
Roads[edit]
Austin:
Jeff Davis Avenue
Robert E. Lee Road. Austin City Council has begun the process of renaming this road.[663]
Conroe:
Beauregard Drive
Jubal Early Lane
Stonewall Jackson Drive
Dallas
Lee, Gano, Stonewall, Beauregard, and Cabell streets are currently named for Confederate Generals. They will be renamed at a future date.[664]
El Paso: Robert E. Lee Road
Hamilton: Stonewall Jackson Road
Hemphill:
Confederate Street
Stonewall Street
Holliday: Stonewall Road
Houston:
Robert E. Lee Road
Robert Lee Road
Tuam Street, another major artery is named for Tuam, CSA Gen. Dowling's birthplace in Irelamd
Hunt: Robert E. Lee Road
Jacksonville: Jeff Davis Street
Kermit East Winkler Street
Lakeside Confederate Park Road
League City: Jeb Stuart Drive
Levelland: Robert Lee Street
Liberty: Confederate Street
Livingston: Robert E. Lee Road
Marshall:
Jeff Davis Street
Stonewall Drive
Missouri City
Beauregard Court
Bedford Forrest Drive
Breckinridge Court
Confederate Drive
Pickett Place
Richmond:
Jeb Stuart Drive
Jeff Davis Drive
Stonewall Drive
Ridgley: Bedford Forrest Lane
Roma: Robert Lee Avenue
San Antonio:
Beauregard Street
Robert E. Lee Drive
Sterling City: Robert Lee Highway
Sweetwater: Robert Lee Street
Tyler:
Jeb Stuart Drive
Jeff Davis Drive
Victoria: Robert E. Lee Road
Note: "There are similarly named streets in towns and cities across east Texas, notably Port Arthur and Beaumont, as well as memorials to Dowling and the Davis Guards, not least at Sabine Pass, where the battleground is now preserved as a state park"
Schools[edit]
Abilene:
Jackson Elementary School
Johnston Elementary School
Lee Elementary School (1961)
Amarillo:
Lee Elementary School
Tascosa High School. Confederacy iconography was dropped in 1974. The school dropped its mascot, Johnny Reb, and stopped playing "Dixie” as their fight song. The Dixieland Singers became the Freedom Singers. Miss Southern Belle became Tascosa Belle. The "Rebel" nickname remained, but other ties to the Civil War disappeared.[665]
Austin:
John H. Reagan High School (1965)
Lee Elementary School (1939) – Lee Elementary school was renamed in May 2016 for Russell Lee, a prominent photographer with the Farm Security Administration and the first Professor of Photography at the University of Texas.
William B. Travis High School, home of the "Rebels".[666] Dropped "Dixie" as its song in 2012.[667]
Buda: Jack C. Hays High School. The school uses the "Rebel" nickname for its athletic teams.[668] Mascot "Colonel Jack" no longer has a Confederate flag belt buckle but still dresses in grey. The school dropped the Confederate flag as an official symbol in 2010 and the school district banned it from all district property in 2012.[669] In 2015 it replaced the school song "Dixie".
Baytown:
Lee College (1934)
Lee High School (1928)
Dallas:
Albert Sidney Johnston Elementary School
John H. Reagan Elementary School
Robert E. Lee Elementary School
Stonewall Jackson Elementary School (1939)
Denton: Lee Elementary School (1988)
Eagle Pass: Robert E. Lee Elementary School
Edinburg: Lee Elementary School
El Paso: Lee Elementary School
Evadale: Evadale High School. The school uses a Confederate flag-inspired crest. Its athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels".[670]
Fort Davis:
Fort Davis AEC School
Fort Davis High School
Gainesville: Robert E. Lee Intermediate School
Grand Prairie: Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1948)
Houston:
Davis High School (1926)
Dowling Middle School (1968), named for CSA Maj. Richard W. Dowling
Jackson Middle School (1925)
John H. Reagan High School (1926)
Johnston Middle School (1959)
Marshall: Robert E. Lee Elementary School
Midland:
Lee Freshman High School (1961)
Lee High School (1961). The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels". Lee High School had used the Confederate flag in the past.[671]
North Richland Hills, home of the Richland High School "Rebels" and "Dixie Belles". The school mascot is "Johnny Rebel".[672]
Port Arthur: Lee Elementary School (1959)
Robert Lee:
Robert Lee Elementary School
Robert Lee High School
San Angelo: Lee Middle School (1949)
San Antonio: Robert E. Lee High School (1958). After voting against a name change in 2015, the school board voted on August 29, 2017, to change the name of the school.[673] The new name has not yet (September 2017) been chosen.[674] Its mascot is currently the Volunteer and the school colors are red and grey. Its pep squad, currently called the Southern Belles, were once called the Confederates. Its varsity dance team and junior varsity drill team are respectively named the Rebel Rousers and Dixie Drillers.[618]
Stonewall: Stonewall Elementary School
Tyler:
Hubbard Middle School (1964), named for Confederate Col. Richard B. Hubbard
Robert E. Lee High School (1958). Called "the city's most radioactive Confederate symbol," the possible renaming of the school was the subject of active discussion at meetings in August and September, 2017. In 1970, as a result of a statewide federal desegregation order, the school had to get rid of "its Confederate-themed mascot (the Rebels), fight song (“Dixie”), and prized Confederate flag (so large that it required twenty boys to carry). Its beloved Rebel Guard, a squadron of boys handpicked by an American-history teacher to dress in replica Confederate uniforms at football games and fire a cannon named Ole Spirit after touchdowns, had to find a new name. Same for the Rebelettes drill team."[675]
State symbols[edit]
Seal of Texas
The reverse side of the Seal of Texas (1992) includes "the unfurled flags of the Kingdom of France, the Kingdom of Spain, the United Mexican States, the Republic of Texas, the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America". The Confederate flag is rendered as the Stars and Bars.
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Arlington: Six Flags Over Texas theme park: In August 2017 removed the Stars and Bars Confederate Flag after flying it for 56 years along with the flags of the other countries that Texas has been part of. In the 1990s the park renamed the Confederacy section the Old South section and removed all Confederate Battle Flags.[676]
Dallas:
Robert E. Lee Statue (1936) located in Lee Park along Turtle Creek Boulevard. Dedicated in 1936 to celebrate the Texas Centennial Exposition. Removed September 14, 2017 after the city council voted 13–1 to remove it.[677][678][679]
Robert E. Lee Park: The park was temporarily renamed "Oak Lawn Park" until a permanent name can be approved.[680][681]
Garland: South Garland High School removed various Confederate symbols in 2015. A floor tile mosaic donated by the Class of 1968 and a granite sign in front of the school were replaced. Both had incorporated the Confederate flag, which was part of the school’s original coat of arms. In addition, the district has dropped “Dixie” as the tune for the school fight song.[682] The school changed its Colonel mascot's uniform from Confederate gray to red and blue in 1991.[683]
Houston:
Downing Street. Renamed Emancipation Avenue in 2017.[684]
Lee High School (1962). Originally known as Robert E. Lee High School, district leaders dropped the “Robert E.” from the school’s title to distance the school from the Confederate general.[685] School officials changed the name to Margaret Long Wisdom High School in 2016.
Westbury High School changed the nickname of its athletic teams from the "Rebels" to the "Huskies."[686]
University of Texas (Austin):
The 2015 decision to move a statue of Jefferson Davis from its mall to a museum was fought by SCV in court. The Confederates likened the move to the destruction of cultural heritage by ISIL while the University President Gregory L. Fenves said “it is not in the university’s best interest to continue commemorating him (Davis) on our Main Mall."[687]
After the removal of the Jefferson Davis statue in 2015 there were three remaining Confederate statues left on the South Mall at the University of Texas. The statues were of Generals Robert E. Lee and Albert Sidney Johnston and Confederate Postmaster John H. Reagan. They were dedicated in 1933. On August 20–21, 2017 the university removed the three Confederate statues from the Austin campus grounds and relocated them to a museum.[688][689]
Three confederate statues, of two Confederate generals, Robert E. Lee and Albert Sidney Johnston, and the Confederate cabinet member John Reagan, were removed from the campus of the university on August 20, 2017. The decision was based on the aftermath of the protests in Charlottesville, VA.[690]
San Antonio: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, dedicated April 28, 1899, located in Travis Park next to The Alamo.[691] Removed September 1, 2017.[692][693][694]
Vermont[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Brattleboro: Brattleboro Union High School. Until 2004, the school mascot was Colonel Reb, a Confederate plantation owner.[695]
South Burlington: South Burlington High School Confederate-themed Captain Rebel mascot (1961), use of the Confederate Battle Flag, and playing of "Dixie" almost immediately sparked controversy during the Civil Rights era and every decade since. The school board voted to retain the name in 2015 but to change it in 2017. "The Rebel Alliance", a community group opposed to changing the mascot, has led two successful efforts to defeat the school budget in public votes as a protest.[696][697] The students chose the name "Wolves" and rebranding is proceeding.[698]
Virginia[edit]
There are at least 223 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Virginia,[1] more than in any other state.[699][700]
Buildings[edit]
Alexandria: Robert E. Lee RECenter
Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial: overlooking Arlington National Cemetery. National Park Service memorial.
Lexington: Carillon Stonewall Jackson Hospital
Manassas: Stonewall Jackson Volunteer Fire & Rescue Department
Monuments[edit]
Arlington National Cemetery
Leesburg
Courthouse monuments[edit]
Charlottesville
Abingdon: Confederate Monument (1907)
Charlottesville, Albemarle County Monument, American Bronze Foundry Company (1909)[701]
Amelia: Confederate Monument (1905)
Amherst: Amherst County Confederate Monument (1922)
Appomatox: Confederate Monument (1905)
Bedford: Confederate Memorial (1935)
Berryville: Confederate Memorial (1900)
Bland: Confederate Monument (1911)
Bowling Green: Confederate Monument (1906)
Boydton: Monument to Confederate Soldiers of Mecklenburg (1908; rededicated in 2002)
Charlotte: Charlotte County Confederate Memorial (1901)
Chatham: Confederate Dead Monument (1899; rededicated in 1967)
Chesterfield: Confederate Memorial (1903)
Courtland: Confederate Monument (1905)
Dinwiddie: Confederate Monument (1909)
Eastville: Confederate Monument (1913)
Emporia: Confederate Memorial (1910)
Fincastle: Confederate Memorial (1904)
Floyd: Confederate Monument (1904)
Front Royal: Confederate Monument (1911)
Gate City: Confederate Memorial (1988)
Gloucester: Confederate Monument (1899)
Halifax: Confederate Memorial (1911)
Heathsville: Civil War Memorial, Northumberland County (1873)
Hillsville: Confederate Monument (1907)
King William: To Our Soldiers of the Confederacy Monument (1901)
Lancaster: Lancaster County Confederate Monument (1872)
Lawrenceville: Brunswick County Confederate Monument (1910)
Leesburg: Confederate Soldier Memorial (1908)
Louisa: Confederate Monument (1905)
Lovingston: Confederate Monument (1965)
Lunenburgh: Confederate Monument (1916)
Marion: Confederate Monument (1904)
Mathews: Our Confederate Soldier Monument (1912)
Monterey: Confederate Monument (1918)
Montross: Westmoreland County Confederate Monument (1876)
New Castle: Confederate Monument (1912)
Nottoway: Confederate Monument (1893)
Palmyra: Confederate Memorial (1901)
Pearisburgh: Confederate Medal of Honor Monument (1995). Inscribed is the Jefferson Davis quote, "It is a duty we owe to posterity to see that our children shall know the virtues and rise worthy of their sires."[97]
Powhatan: Powhatan Troop Confederate Memorial (1999)
Rocky Mount: Confederate Monument (1910)
Spotsylvania: Confederate Monument (1918)
Surry: Confederate Monument (1903)
Sussex: Confederate Monument (1912)
Tappahannock: Essex County Confederate Monument (1909)
Tazewell: Confederate Memorial (1903)
Warm Springs: Confederate Memorial (1922)
Washington: Confederate Monument (1898)
Williamsburg: Williamsburg Confederate Monument (1908)
Windsor: Confederate Monument (1905)
Other public monuments[edit]
Thomas Jonathan Jackson Sculpture, Charlottesville
Robert Edward Lee Sculpture, Charlottesville
Lebanon, Virginia
Mount Jackson
William Mahone Monument at Petersburg National Battlefield
Howitzer Monument, Richmond
Williams Carter Wickham, Richmond
Old Town Alexandria: Appomattox statue to the Confederate dead at the intersection of Washington and Prince streets (1899)
Robert E. Lee hitched his horse in Berryville, Virginia while on his march to Gettysburg
Berryville: Memorial (1986) and "hitching post" where Robert E. Lee tethered his horse, Traveller, while Lee "paused on his march to Gettysburg" to attended a church service[702]
Bristol: Confederate Soldier Monument (1910)
Buckingham: Confederate Soldiers of Buckingham County (1908)
Charlottesville
Thomas Jonathan Jackson Sculpture, by Charles Keck, erected in 1921
Robert Edward Lee Sculpture, Henry Shrady and Leo Lentelli, sculptors, 1924
Farmville: Virginia Defenders of State Sovereignty Confederate Soldier Monument (1900)
Fairfax, Virginia: John Quincy Marr monument, dedicated to the first Confederate officer killed in the Civil War during the Battle of Fairfax Court House (June 1861) Erected 1904.
Franklin: Confederate Monument (1911)
Fredericksburg
Confederate Monument (2009)
"The Angel of Marye's Heights" Monument, statue of Sergeant Richard Rowland Kirkland giving water to fallen union soldier. (1965)[703][704]
The Heights at Smith Run (2014)
Thomas R.R. Cobb Monument and Marker (1888)
Glen Allen: J.E.B. Stuart Memorial (1888)
Gloucester: Confederate Monument (1889)
Goshen Pass: Maury Memorial, stone monument marker (1923)
Hanover: Confederate Monument (1914)
Hopewell: Confederate Memorial (1949)
Lebanon: Confederate Monument (1914)
Lexington
Francis H. Smith Confederate Monument (1931)
Stonewall Jackson Monument and Arch
Washington and Lee University
Previously Washington University, was renamed weeks after Robert E. Lee died as the President of the university.[705]
A large Confederate battle flag and a number of related flags were removed from the Chapel in 2014.[706][707]
Inside Lee Chapel, in place of an altar, is a large marble statue of Lee, recumbent, wearing Confederate battle gear and resting on a camp bed. (Lee is buried with his family in a mausoleum beneath the chapel.)[708]
Robert E. Lee Residence.[705]
Grave of Traveller, Robert E. Lee's horse (1871). Apples are regularly placed on the grave by visitors.[705]
At Virginia Military Institute sits a 1912 bronze replica of a 1910 marble statue of Stonewall Jackson by Moses Jacob Ezekiel (on the grounds of the West Virginia state capital). First-year cadets exiting the barracks through the archway are required to honor Jackson's memory by saluting the statue.[709]
R.E. Lee Memorial Church, an Episcopal church where Lee worshipped. Considering name change August 2017.[710][711]
Luray:
Confederate Monument (1898)
Page County Confederate Monument (1918)
Lynchburg:
Confederate Statue opposite Courthouse.
Jubal Early Monument (1919)
Confederate Monument (1900)
Mechanicsville: Wilcox's Alabama Brigade (1999)
Mecklenburg County: Confederate statue in front of the Courthouse.
Mount Jackson: "Our Soldiers Cemetery" statue (1903)
New Kent: Confederate Monument (1934)
New Market: This Rustic Pile Monument (1909)
Newport News: Confederate Soldier Monument (1909)
Nickelsville: Nickelsville Spartan Band Monument (2000)
Norfolk: Confederate Monument (1907)
Parksley: Confederate Monument (1899)
Petersburg:
Hagood's Brigade
Old Men and Boys Monument (1909)
Mahone Monument, Battle of the Crate, Petersburg National Battlefield (1927)
Portsmouth: Confederate Monument, listed on the NRHP. Local politicians "have been contemplating the fate of the Confederate statue since 2015, and the town’s mayor recently called for it to be moved to a local cemetery instead." On August 17, 2017, the mayor announced that it would be relocated to a cemetery.[712]
Pulaski: In Memory of the Confederate Soldiers of Pulaski County, 1861–1865 Monument (1906)
Reams: North Carolina Monument
Richmond:
Howitzer Monument, Caspar Buberl, sculptor, (1892)
A.P. Hill Monument, Caspar Buberl, (1892)[713]
Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1894)
The Memorial Granite Pile, Confederate Section, Hollywood Cemetery
Monument Avenue features monuments of Confederate leaders. Richmond citizens immediately after the war intended to erect 3 statues of Virginians defending the city (2 were killed in the defense), and was couple decades later before an actual plan was proposed.[714]
Robert E. Lee Monument (1890),
Jefferson Davis (1907),
J.E.B. Stuart (1907),
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson (1919),
Matthew Fontaine Maury Pathfinder of the Seas (1929).[714][715]
Williams Carter Wickham Monument (1891)
Stephenson: Memorial to Lieutenant Colonel Richard Snowden Andrews and Men of 1st Maryland Battery, CSA (1920)
Virginia Beach: Princess Anne County Confederate Heroes Monument (1905)
Winchester: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1916)
Private monuments[edit]
Richmond: Cemetery for Hebrew Confederate Soldiers
Inhabited places[edit]
Arlington County: Originally Alexandria County; renamed in 1920 in honor of Robert E. Lee's house in Arlington.
Parks[edit]
Falls Church: J.E.B. Stuart Park (1961) named for the Confederate General
Fort Monroe: Jefferson Davis Memorial Park (1956). Dedicated by UDC,[716] the park commemorates the CSA president's two years of imprisonment in the fort.[717]
Fredericksburg Lee Hill Community Center
Roads[edit]
Alexandria:
Beauregard Street
Bragg Street
Braxton Place
Breckinridge Place
Calhoun Avenue
Chambliss Street
Dearing Street
Donelson Street
Early Street
Floyd Street
French Street
Frost Street
Gordon Street
Hardee Place
Hume Avenue
Imboden Street
Iverson Street
Jackson Place
Janney's Lane
Jordan Street
Jubal Avenue
Lee Street
Longstreet Lane
Maury Lane
Pegram Street
Quantrell Avenue
Reynolds Street
Rosser Street
Van Dorn Street
Wheeler Avenue
Annandale:
John Marr Drive
Lanier Street
Rebel Drive
Blackstone: Jeb Stuart Road
Bland: Jeb Stuart Street
Boones Mill: Jubal Early Highway
Bristow: Robert E. Lee Drive
Centreville:
Confederate Ridge Lane
General Lee Drive
Chantilly:
Mosby Highway
Old Lee Road
Culpeper:
General A.P. Hill
General Jackson Avenue
General Jeb Stuart Lane
General Lee Avenue
General Longstreet Avenue
General Winder Road
Damascus: Jeb Stuart Highway
Fairfax:
Confederate Lane
Mosby Woods Drive
Old Lee Highway
Pickett Road
Rebel Run
Foster: Robert E. Lee Drive
Hopewell: Robert E. Lee Drive
Ivor: General Mahone Boulevard
Lynchburg: Early Street
Manassas:
Beauregard Avenue
Lee Avenue
Martinsville:
Jeb Stuart Road
Jefferson Davis Drive
Middleburg: John Mosby Highway
Natural Bridge Station:
Jeb Stuart Drive
Robert E. Lee Drive
New Market:
Confederate Street
Lee Street
Stonewall Street
Stuart Street
Petersburg: Confederate Avenue
Powhatan: Robert E. Lee Road
Purcellville: Jeb Stuart Road
Rhoadesville: Jeb Stuart Drive
Richmond:
Confederate Avenue
Monument Avenue
Mosby Court
Sandston:
Carter Avenue
Confederate Avenue
Early Avenue
Garland Avenue
J.B. Finley Avenue
Jackson Avenue
Kemper Court
Pickett Avenue
Wilson Way
Staunton:
Beauregard Drive
J.E.B. Stuart Drive
Stonewall Jackson Boulevard
Verona: Confederate Street
Virginia Beach:
General Beauregard Drive
General Hill Drive
General Jackson Drive
General Lee Drive
General Longstreet Drive
Hood Drive
Waynesboro:
Davis Road
Pickett Road
Robert E. Lee Avenue
Winchester: Jubal Early Drive
Woodford:
Jeff Davis Drive
Stonewall Jackson Road
Highways[edit]
General Mahone Highway, a large portion of U.S. Route 460, between Petersburg and Suffolk.
Jefferson Davis Highway also called Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway, renaming in progress in Alexandria.[718]
Jubal Early Highway
Lee Highway
Lee Jackson Memorial Highway
Stonewall Jackson Highway
Schools[edit]
Arlington: Washington-Lee High School (1925)
Bristol:
Stonewall Jackson Elementary School (1948)
Washington-Lee Elementary School (1968)
Bull Run: Stonewall Jackson High School (1972)
Clear Brook: Stonewall Elementary School (1960)
Fairfax:
Fairfax High School phased out its Johnny Rebel mascot, Confederate imagery and flags and renamed the "Confederattes" drill team in 1986 after complaints from black students. They retained the Rebels team name.[719]
J. E. B. Stuart High School near Munson Hill, Stuart's headquarters (1958) school board determined the name was part of the county's "massive resistance" against the U.S. Supreme Court's order to end racial segregation of public schools. Currently called Stuart High School as compromise until voting passed.[720]
Lanier Middle School, named for CSA Officer Sidney Lanier (poet, musician)
Lees Corner Elementary, named for Lee family (including Robert E. Lee) as owners of Sully Plantation (1986)[721]
Mosby Woods Elementary School, named for John S. Mosby and cavalry Mosby's Raiders, schools athletics uses Raiders.
Fredericksburg: Lee Hill Elementary School (1952)
Hampton: Jefferson Davis Middle School (1960)
Henrico: Douglas S. Freeman High School. Its athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels." The school has retired its "Rebel man" mascot.[722]
Hurley: Hurley High School. Its athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels." Confederate iconography, including the Confederate Battle Flag, is prominent throughout the school.[723]
Lexington: Washington and Lee University. See above, under Other private monuments.
Manassas
Stonewall Middle School (1974)
Stonewall Jackson High School (1973)
Mathews Lee-Jackson Elementary School
Mechanicsville:
Lee Davis High School (1958). The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Confederates."[465]
Stonewall Jackson Middle School (1969). The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels."[724]
Montross: Washington and Lee High School
Petersburg:
J.E.B. Stuart Elementary School (1966)
Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1962)
Quicksburg: Stonewall Jackson High School (1959)
Richmond: J.E.B. Stuart Elementary School (1922)[725]
Roanoke, Virginia: Stonewall Jackson Middle School (1923)
Spotsylvania: Robert E. Lee Elementary School
Springfield:
Robert E. Lee High School (1958)
Sangster Elementary named for a prominent slaveholding family loyal to the Confederacy[720]
Staunton: Robert E. Lee High School (1967)
Stuart: Stuart Elementary School (1938)
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Bailey's Crossroads: J. E. B. Stuart High School (1958). Following protests by students and alumni that began in June 2015, the school board voted in July 2017, to rename the school by the beginning of the 2019 school year.
Charlottesville:
In May 2017, the City Council of Charlottesville voted to remove and sell its statue of CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee, and renamed Lee Park, where the statue stands, as Emancipation Park.[726] The removal has been halted for six months by a court injunction, in response to a suit by SCV.[727] Self-proclaimed white nationalist Richard B. Spencer led "a large group of demonstrators" carrying torches protesting this plan, which has played "an outsize role in this year's race for Virginia governor," in which Stewart is a candidate. White supremacists and "nationalist" groups demonstrated in Charlottesville in favor of preserving the statues. On May 15, 2017, Richard Spencer led a white nationalist group around the Robert E. Lee statue. They rallied in support of the statues for, in their view, the "Confederacy is what represents us."[727] Lieutenant Governor Ralph Northam commented on the appearance of nationalist and supremacist groups, saying via email, "These actions are totally unacceptable. These people are racists. They don't represent Virginian values. I condemn their action and beliefs. I call on all Virginians who are involved in efforts to advocate for or against Virginia's history to act responsibly and honorably."[727] Mayor Stoney called it "one of the most overt acts of racism I've seen in a very, very long time."[728]
On July 8, 2017, about 50 Ku Klux Klan members from North Carolina demonstrated in support of the monument. They were met by a large group of counterprotesters who, following the demonstration, blocked the Klan members from leaving. Virginia State Police intervened and used tear gas to open the streets. A city spokeswoman said at least 23 people were arrested.[729]
Another protest by white nationalists in support of the monument, the 2017 Unite the Right rally, took place during the August 11–12 weekend. Friday night, several hundred torch-bearing men and women marched on the University of Virginia campus. A brawl occurred between the marchers and a group of counterprotesters.[730][731] One white nationalist was arrested after deliberately driving his car into a crowd of counterprotesters, killing 32-year-old Heather Heyer and injuring several others.[732]
On August 20, 2017, the City Council unanimously voted to shroud the statues of Lee and Stonewall Jackson in black. The Council "also decided to direct the city manager to take an administrative step that would make it easier to eventually remove the Jackson statue."[733]
The University of Virginia Board of Visitors (trustees) voted unanimously on September 15, 2017, to remove two plaques from the university’s Rotunda that honored students and alumni who fought and died for the Confederacy in the Civil War. The University also agreed "to acknowledge a $1,000 gift in 1921 from the Ku Klux Klan and contribute the amount, adjusted for inflation, to a suitable cause."[734]
Jefferson Davis Memorial Park at Fort Monroe, Virginia
Lexington
In 2014, a large Confederate battle flag and a number of related state flags were removed from Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University.[706][707]
Lynchburg: Statue of Confederate veteran George Morgan Jones on the campus of Randolph College. Installed in 1912 and removed in August 2017.[735]
Washington State[edit]
There is at least one public space dedicated to the Confederacy in Washington.[1]
Bellingham:
Pickett Bridge, commemorating an earlier wooden bridge erected by Pickett over Whatcom Creek. Sign erected in 1920, larger signs erected in early 2010's. Some have called for removal of the designation.[736]
The Pickett House is the oldest house in Bellingham. Built in 1856 by Virginia native George Pickett, who left it in 1861 to become a General in the CSA. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
East Wenatchee: Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1955) School district rejected a name change in 2015 but the issue is being considered again in 2017. A majority of the students are now Hispanic and there are no African-American students.[737][738]
At least two private properties contain a Confederate memorial or fly a CSA flag.
Seattle: Lake View Cemetery (1926) [739]
Ridgefield, Washington: "Jefferson Davis Park",(2007) established by SCV to hold the Jeff Davis Highway markers from Blaine and Vancouver [740][741]
Former[edit]
Main article: Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Blaine and Vancouver: Stone markers at both ends of the state designating Highway 99 the "Jefferson Davis Highway" were erected in the 1930s by the Daughters of the Confederacy, with State approval. They were removed in 2002 through the efforts of State Representative Hans Dunshee and city officials, and after it was discovered that the highway was never officially designated to memorialize Davis by the State.[742] Markers are now in Sons of Confederate Veterans owned "Jefferson Davis Park" in Ridgefield right beside I-5.[743]
West Virginia[edit]
There are at least 17 public spaces with Confederate monuments in West Virginia.[1]
Monuments[edit]
First Confederate Memorial (1867), Romney, West Virginia
Clarksburg: Metal replica of Stonewall Jackson created by Charles Keck was erected by UDC on May 10, 1953. Jackson was born in Clarksburg.
Charleston:
Bust of Stonewall Jackson, 1959.
Statue of Stonewall Jackson on the state capitol grounds. Dedicated in 1910, the money was raised by UDC Chapter No. 151. Legislation accepting the statue was unanimously passed by both houses of the legislature in one day.[744]
Harpers Ferry: Hayward Shepherd Monument, 1931. Although Shepherd was a black freeman working for the railway when killed in John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, the monument was erected by UDC and SCV. They called the project the "Faithful Slave Memorial" for many years and saw it as a way to emphasize their idea that blacks enjoyed being slaves and that men like Shepherd were victims of those seeking to free slaves.[745]
Hinton: Confederate Soldier Monument, Summers County Courthouse, 1914.[746]
Lewisburg: Confederate Monument, 1906.
Mingo: Confederate Soldier Monument, 1913/2013.
Parkersburg: Confederate Soldier Monument, 1908.
Romney: First Confederate Memorial, erected in 1867, one of the first Confederate memorials raised after the Civil War.
Union: Monroe County Confederate Soldier Monument, 1901.
Inhabited places[edit]
Bartow, initially an 1861 Confederate encampment, Camp Bartow, named for the late Confederate Colonel Francis Bartow.[747]
Harding, named for CSA Maj. French Harding.[748]
Linden, named for CSA Capt. Charles Linden Broadus.[749]
Welch, named for CSA Capt. Isaiah A. Welch.[750]
Parks and water features[edit]
Weston: Stonewall Jackson Lake State Park (1990) named for Stonewall Jackson Lake named for Confederate General Stonewall Jackson.
Roads[edit]
Charles Town:
Beauregard Boulevard
Lee Way
Charleston:
Beauregard Street
Jackson Street
Lee Street
Craigsville: General Lee Street
Elkins: Robert E. Lee Avenue
Flatwoods: Stonewall Jackson Highway
Wisconsin[edit]
There are no public spaces with Confederate monuments in Wisconsin.[1]
Former[edit]
Madison: A plaque called "Confederate Rest" (1981) and a larger monument were ordered removed from the city's Forest Hill Cemetery in August 2017. The memorials had honored 140 Confederate soldiers who died in 1862 while in captivity at nearby Camp Randall.[751]
International[edit]
Brazil[edit]
In 1865, at the end of the American Civil War, a substantial number of Southerners left the South; many moved to other parts of the United States, such as the American West, but a few left the country entirely. The most popular country of Southerners emigration was Brazil which still allowed slavery and wanted to encourge cotton production.[752] These emigrants were known as Confederados. A Confederate monument was placed in Americana, São Paulo, Brazil.[753]
Canada[edit]
Kitchener, Onario: Eastwood Collegiate Institute (1956), a public high school, replaced its Johnny Rebel mascot and Confederate imagery, perceived as associated with white bigotry, with Rebel Lion in 1999. The school retains the Rebel name for its teams.
Montreal, Quebec: A plaque on a Hudson's Bay Company store commemorating Jefferson Davis' brief stay in the city was installed by UDC in 1957; it was removed in 2017 following the attack against counter protesters committed by a white supremacist in Charlottesville.[754][755]
Ireland[edit]
Tuam, Ireland commemorated CSA Major Richard W. Dowling, who was born in the Tuam, with a bronze memorial plaque on the Town Hall bearing his image and life story. Text of plaque: "Major Richard W. (Dick) Dowling C.S.A., 1837–1867 Born Knock, Tuam; Settled Houston Texas, 1857; Outstanding business and civic leader; Joined Irish Davis Guards in American Civil War; With 47 men foiled Invasion of Texas by 5000 federal troops at Sabine Pass, 8 Sept 1863, a feat of superb gunnery; formed first oil company in Texas; Died aged 30 of yellow fever. This plaque was unveiled by Col. J.B. Collerain 31 May 1998"
Scotland[edit]
Edinburgh: Dean Cemetery, obelisk for Scottish-born CSA Colonel Robert A. Smith, with a Confederate marker and Confederate flags.[756]
See also[edit]
African-American history
Culture of the Southern United States
History of the Southern United States
Ku Klux Klan members in United States politics
List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
List of memorials to Jefferson Davis
List of memorials to Robert E. Lee
List of Presidents of the United States who owned slaves
List of slave owners
List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials
Lost Cause of the Confederacy
Memorials to Abraham Lincoln
Modern display of the Confederate flag
Monument controversies in the United States
Neo-Confederate
Racism in the United States
Racism in United States politics
Racial segregation in the United States
Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Slavery in the United States
White nationalism
American Civil War Centennial
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Fitzgerald was formed in 1895 for veterans of the war, from the North and the South. Streets running North/South on the east side of the city were named after Confederate ships and generals, whereas the ones on the west side were named after Union ships and generals. See Fitzgerald, Georgia#History.
Jump up ^ On May 28, 1970 the memorial was hit by a truck and destroyed. The money from the insurance company was not sufficient to restore it. Widener, p. viii
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Gunter, Booth; Kizzire, Jamie. Gunter, Booth, ed. "Whose heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A 'White Supremacist Future'". npr.org. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Cox, Karen L. (16 August 2017). "Analysis – The whole point of Confederate monuments is to celebrate white supremacy". Retrieved 21 September 2017 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
Jump up ^ "Monuments and Memorials". Vicksburg National Military Park. National Park Service. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
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Jump up ^ Gulley, H.E. (1993). "Women and the Lost Cause: preserving a Confederate identity in the American Deep South". Journal of Historical Geography. 19 (2): 125–41. doi:10.1006/jhge.1993.1009.
Jump up ^ "Durham Confederate statue: tribute to dying veterans or political tool of Jim Crow South?". heraldsun.com. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Confederate Monuments and Civic Values in the Wake of Charlottesville. Dell Upton, Society of American Historians, 13 September 2017
Jump up ^ Confederate monuments: What to do with them?. Grier, Peter. Christian Science Monitor, 22 August 2017
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Jump up ^ Winsboro, Irvin D.S. (2016). "The Confederate Monument Movement as a Policy Dilemma for Resource Managers of Parks, Cultural Sites, and Protected Places: Florida as a Case Study" (PDF). The George Wright Forum. 33: 217–29.
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^ Jump up to: a b Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park Archived May 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., City of Savannah website, accessed April 24, 2010
Jump up ^ Fisher, Marc (2017-08-18). "Why those Confederate soldier statues look a lot like their Union counterparts". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-09-16. Because of technological innovations in the granite and bronze industries, the price of these statues came way down
Jump up ^ "Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 21, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2017. The second spike began in the early 1950s and lasted through the 1960s, as the civil rights movement led to a backlash among segregationists. These two periods also coincided with the 50th and 100th anniversaries of the Civil War
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Jump up ^ Trentanove, Gaetano (1899). Brigadier General Albert Pike. Washington Granite Monumental Company, Fonderia Galli.
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Jump up ^ Jacob, Kathryn Allamong, Testament to Union: Civil War Monuments in Washington, D.C., photographs by Edwin Harlan Remsberg, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1998 p. 62
Jump up ^ Visitor Information: Monuments and Memorials: Confederate Memorial Archived July 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Arlington National Cemetery website, accessed April 24, 2010
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^ Jump up to: a b Sims, Cliff (2015-06-30). "Pentagon won't rename Alabama's Ft. Rucker, named after Confederate officer". Yellowhammer News. Yellowhammer Multimedia. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Vozzella, Laura. "White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue". Washington Post. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zullo, Robert. "As Confederate monuments come down elsewhere, can Richmond 'offer something else?'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spencer and, Hawes; Stevens, Matt (July 8, 2017). "23 Arrested and Tear Gas Deployed After a K.K.K. Rally in Virginia". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Jason (August 12, 2017). "Charlottesville: far-right crowd with torches encircles counter-protest group". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Hawes; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (August 11, 2017). "White Nationalists March on University of Virginia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Rosenthal, Brian M. (August 12, 2017). "Man Charged After White Nationalist Rally in Charlottesville Ends in Deadly Violence". New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brown, Emma; Brown, Emma (August 22, 2017). "Charlottesville City Council votes to shroud Confederate statues in black". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Heim, Joe (September 15, 2017). "U-Va. board votes to remove Confederate plaques, ban open flames". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Roll, Nick (August 28, 2017). "Confederate Round-Up". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bellingham’s Pickett Bridge: Link to history or symbol of racism?". bellinghamherald.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Hair, Steve (August 22, 2017). "Eastmont School Board Receives Input on Robert E Lee School Name Change". ncwlife.com. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Walters, Daniel (August 15, 2017). "Why East Wenatchee has a "Robert E. Lee Elementary School" – and why it won't be changing its name". Inlander. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Christine Clarridge (August 16, 2017), Seattle’s own monument to the Confederacy was erected on Capitol Hill in 1926 – and it’s still there, The Seattle Times
Jump up ^ Knute Berger (June 22, 2015), Confederate symbols also blight the Northwest, Crosscut.com
Jump up ^ "Jefferson Davis Park". wordpress.com. June 27, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Berger, Knute (June 22, 2015). "Confederate symbols also blight the Northwest". Crosscut. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jefferson Davis Park". Sons of Confederate Veterans Pacific NW Division. June 27, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Biennial Report of the Department of Archives and History of the State of West Virginia,Charleston, 1911, pgs. 275-279.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Mary (1997). "An "Ever Present Bone of Contention":The Heyward Shepherd Memorial". West Virginia History. 56: 1–26.
Jump up ^ "Hinton Confederate Monument". Clio. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kenny, Hamill (1945). West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains. Piedmont, WV: The Place Name Press. p. 97.
Jump up ^ Hamill 1945, p. 297.
Jump up ^ Hamill 1945, p. 374.
Jump up ^ Capace, Nancy (1999). Encyclopedia of West Virginia. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-403-09843-9.
Jump up ^ Nelson, James B. (2017-08-17). "Madison mayor orders removal of two Confederate memorials from cemetery". USA Today. Retrieved 2017-09-05.
Jump up ^ Herbert, Paul N (December 17, 2009). "Confederados forge new cultural identity". The Washington Times.
Jump up ^ "The Brazilian Confederacy". Sleuthsayers.org.
Jump up ^ "Plaque honouring Confederate leader Jefferson Davis removed from Montreal building". thestar.com. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Leavitt, Sarah (August 17, 2017). "Confederate plaque on Montreal Hudson's Bay store removed". Cbc.ca. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Millar, Stephen (August 31, 2017). "Edinburgh’s little-known Confederate memorial – and why it must stay". The Scotsman. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
Lees, William B. (2004). "Oklahoma’s Civil War Monuments and Memorial Landscapes" (PDF). William B. Lees.
Further reading[edit]
Widener, Ralph W., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States, 1982, Andromeda Associates, Washington, DC.
Moltke-Hansen, David, "Honoring the Confederate Defeat the Georgia Way", Georgia Historical Quarterly, Vol. CI, #1, 2017, pp. 1–23.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monuments_and_memorials_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America&oldid=803914303"
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Van Buren Confederate Monument

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Bentonville Confederate Monument

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Dardanelle Confederate Monument

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Lee High School (Baytown, Texas)

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/wiki/Davis_High_School_(Houston)
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Davis High School (Houston)

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Lee Freshman High School

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/wiki/Lee_High_School_(Midland,_Texas)
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Lee High School (Midland, Texas)

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/wiki/North_Richland_Hills
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North Richland Hills

values: Robert E. Lee High School (Tyler, Texas)

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/wiki/Lee_High_School_(Houston,_Texas)
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Lee High School (Houston, Texas)

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/wiki/University_of_Texas
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University of Texas

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/wiki/South_Burlington
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South Burlington

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/wiki/Gloucester,_Virginia
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Gloucester, Virginia

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J.E.B. Stuart

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/wiki/Thomas_%22Stonewall%22_Jackson
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Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

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Fort Monroe, Virginia

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/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia
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Arlington, Virginia

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/wiki/Bull_Run,_Virginia
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Bull Run, Virginia

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Spotsylvania, Virginia

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/wiki/2017_Unite_the_Right_rally
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2017 Unite the Right rally

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First Confederate Memorial

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American Old West

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//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077

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Christian Science Monitor

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//www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729

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University of Maryland

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//www.worldcat.org/issn/1549-6929

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//doi.org/10.1353%2Fsgo.1983.0008

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U.S. News and World Report

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Palm Beach Post

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