text:
Selective perception
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Selective perception is the tendency not to notice and more quickly forget stimuli that cause emotional discomfort and contradict our prior beliefs. For example, a teacher may have a favorite student because they are biased by in-group favoritism. The teacher ignores the student's poor attainment. Conversely, they might not notice the progress of their least favorite student.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 See also
3 References
4 Further reading
Overview[edit]
Selective perception is the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints. It is a broad term to identify the behavior all people exhibit to tend to "see things" based on their particular frame of reference. It also describes how we categorize and interpret sensory information in a way that favors one category or interpretation over another. In other words, selective perception is a form of bias because we interpret information in a way that is congruent with our existing values and beliefs. Psychologists believe this process occurs automatically.[2]
Selective perception may refer to any number of cognitive biases in psychology related to the way expectations affect perception. Human judgment and decision making is distorted by an array of cognitive, perceptual and motivational biases, and people tend not to recognise their own bias, though they tend to easily recognise (and even overestimate) the operation of bias in human judgment by others.[3] One of the reasons this might occur might be because people are simply bombarded with too much stimuli every day to pay equal attention to everything, therefore, they pick and choose according to their own needs.[4]
To understand when and why a particular region of a scene is selected, studies observed and described the eye movements of individuals as they go about performing specific tasks. In this case, vision was an active process that integrated scene properties with specific, goal-oriented oculomotor behaviour.[5]
Several other studies have shown that students who were told they were consuming alcoholic beverages (which in fact were non-alcoholic) perceived themselves as being "drunk", exhibited fewer physiological symptoms of social stress, and drove a simulated car similarly to other subjects who had actually consumed alcohol. The result is somewhat similar to the placebo effect.[citation needed]
In one classic study on this subject related to the hostile media effect (which is itself an example of selective perception), viewers watched a filmstrip of a particularly violent Princeton-Dartmouth American football game. Princeton viewers reported seeing nearly twice as many rule infractions committed by the Dartmouth team than did Dartmouth viewers. One Dartmouth alumnus did not see any infractions committed by the Dartmouth side and erroneously assumed he had been sent only part of the film, sending word requesting the rest.[6]
Selective perception is also an issue for advertisers, as consumers may engage with some ads and not others based on their pre-existing beliefs about the brand.
Seymour Smith, a prominent advertising researcher, found evidence for selective perception in advertising research in the early 1960s, and he defined it to be "a procedure by which people let in, or screen out, advertising material they have an opportunity to see or hear. They do so because of their attitudes, beliefs, usage preferences and habits, conditioning, etc."[7] People who like, buy, or are considering buying a brand are more likely to notice advertising than are those who are neutral toward the brand. This fact has repercussions within the field of advertising research because any post-advertising analysis that examines the differences in attitudes or buying behavior among those aware versus those unaware of advertising is flawed unless pre-existing differences are controlled for. Advertising research methods that utilize a longitudinal design are arguably better equipped to control for selective perception.
Selective perceptions are of two types:
Low level – Perceptual vigilance
High level – Perceptual defense
See also[edit]
Psychology portal
List of cognitive biases
Selective attention
Selective retention
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ricky W. Griffin (31 January 2013). Fundamentals of Management. Cengage Learning. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-133-62749-4.
Jump up ^ Steven Lucas Counselling. (2009, December 29). Psychology Definition Of The Week: Selective Perception. Retrieved March 18, 2013, from https://web.archive.org/web/20120416014147/http://counsellingcentral.com/psychology-definition-of-the-week-selective-perception
Jump up ^ Emily Pronin, "Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment," Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2007, pp. 37–43.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20100522194645/http://lilt.ilstu.edu/rrpope/rrpopepwd/articles/perception3.html
Jump up ^ Canosa, R.L. (2009). Real-world vision: selective perception and task. ACM Trans. Appl. Percpt., 6, 2, Article 11, 34 pages.
Jump up ^ Hastorf, A.H. & Cantril, H. (1954). They saw a game: A case study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 129–134.
Jump up ^ Nowak, Theodore and Smith, Seymour. "Advertising Works—And Advertising Research Does Too." Presentation to ESOMAR. Spain: 1970s.
Further reading[edit]
Selective Perception in Stock Investing
Authority control
GND: 4398736-9
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text:
What Is Love
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see What Is Love (disambiguation).
"What Is Love"
Single by Haddaway
from the album The Album
B-side
"Sing About Love"
Released
8 May 1993 (Europe)
August 1993 (US)
Format
7" single
12" single
CD single
cassette single
Recorded
1992
Genre
Eurodance[1][2]
Length
4:29
Label
Coconut
Songwriter(s)
Dee Dee Halligan
Junior Torello
Producer(s)
Dee Dee Halligan
Junior Torello
Haddaway singles chronology
"What Is Love"
(1993) "Life"
(1993)
"What Is Love"
(1993) "Life"
(1993)
Music video
"What Is Love" on YouTube
"What Is Love" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, The Album. The song is recognizable by its refrain "What is love? Baby don't hurt me, don't hurt me... no more." It was a No. 1 hit in 13 countries.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Release and legacy
3 Critical reception
4 Music video
5 Formats and track listings
6 Charts
6.1 Weekly charts
6.1.1 Original version
6.1.2 "What Is Love" – Remix
6.1.3 "What Is Love" – Reloaded
6.1.4 Other reissues
6.2 Year-end charts
6.3 Certifications and sales
6.4 Chart successions
7 Cover versions and sampling
7.1 Klaas version
7.2 Lost Frequencies version
7.2.1 Music video
7.2.2 Track listing
7.2.3 Weekly charts
7.2.4 Year-end charts
7.2.5 Certifications
8 In popular culture
9 References
10 External links
Background[edit]
"What Is Love" was written and produced by German music producer and composer Dee Dee Halligan (Dieter Lünstedt a.k.a. Tony Hendrik) and Junior Torello (Karin Hartmann-Eisenblätter a.k.a. Karin van Haaren) of Coconut Records in Cologne. They were in wait for the right singer to sing the song. Trinidadian-born singer Nestor Alexander Haddaway was then chosen to sing it. He used to work as a producer, dancer and choreographer before he was signed to Coconut Records.[3] In a 2012 interview Haddaway said about the making of "What Is Love":
“ We just used ideas that were fresh at that time and tried to make something that nobody else had, (...) The song came really fast. I had the idea for the melodies in about 45 minutes and the total structure of the song was done in a day and a half.[4] ”
Release and legacy[edit]
Haddaway in the "What Is Love" music video.
"What Is Love" was released in Europe in May 1993 and in the US in August 1993. It peaked at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of "What Is Love" had already reached 2.6 million.[5]
When asked about "What Is Love" means in 2015-interview, Haddaway said:
“ People always ask me about what I meant, (...) I meant that 'what is love' needs to be defined by everyone by his own definition. It's unique and individual. For me, it has to do with trust, honesty, and dedication.[6] ”
Critical reception[edit]
Billboard wrote about the song: "Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped English pop charts, and was an international club hit almost a year ago. Wildly catchy chorus is complemented by a slick, synth-happy arrangement. Haddaway will conjure up images of Seal and Sydney Youngblood with his worldly baritone delivery. A sure-fire dance hit that has the muscle to push its way onto pop formats with ease."[7]
The Gavin Report wrote: "Try sitting still seconds after this upbeat entry kicks in. Still hot in the U.K. where it had a Top 10 run, Haddaway's style is reminscent of the Fine Young Cannibals and just as exciting."[8]
Music video[edit]
The music video of "What Is Love" was directed by Volker Hannwacker.[9] It features Haddaway performing in an old castle, surrounded by vampire-like dominatrices.
Formats and track listings[edit]
"What Is Love"
CD single / 7"
"What Is Love" – 4:28
"Sing About Love" – 3:12
CD single – United Kingdom
"What Is Love" Radio Edit 7" Mix – 3:57
"What Is Love" Club Mix – 5:00
"What Is Love" 12" Mix – 6:40
"What Is Love" Tour De Trance Mix – 6:00
"What Is Love" Refreshmento Extro Mix – 5:42
CD maxi – France
"What Is Love" (7" mix) – 4:29
"What Is Love" (12" mix) – 6:40
"What Is Love" (club mix) – 5:02
"Sing About Love" – 4:36
"What Is Love" – remix
CD single – France
"What Is Love" (eat-this mix – radio edit) – 4:19
"What Is Love" (refreshmento extro mix) – 3:52
CD maxi
"What Is Love" – remix (eat-this mix) – 6:54
"What Is Love" (tour de trance-mix) – 6:00
"What Is Love" (7" mix) – 4:27
"What Is Love" – reloaded
CD maxi
"What Is Love" – reloaded (video mix) – 3:16
"What Is Love" – reloaded (reloaded mix) – 6:09
"What Is Love" – reloaded (what is club mix) – 6:39
"What Is Love" – reloaded (Jens O.'s hard remix) – 5:32
"What Is Love" – reloaded (Nathan Jolly's NRG remix) – 6:48
"What Is Love" – reloaded (radio edit) – 2:56
"What Is Love" – reloaded (lunaris remix) – 6:21
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Original version[edit]
Chart (1993–1994)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[10] 12
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[11] 1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12] 1
Canada Dance/Urban (RPM)[13] 2
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[14] 17
Denmark (IFPI)[15] 1
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[16] 1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[17] 1
France (SNEP)[18] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[19] 2
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[20] 3
Ireland (IRMA)[21] 1
Italy (FIMI)[22] 1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[23] 1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[24] 1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[25] 48
Norway (VG-lista)[26] 1
Portugal (AFP)[27] 1
Spain (AFYVE)[28] 1
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[29] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[30] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[31] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[32] 11
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[32] 9
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales[32] 6
US Billboard Rhythmic Top 40[32] 15
US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[32] 4
US Cash Box[33] 9
Zimbabwe (ZIMA)[34] 1
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [35] 94
"What Is Love" – Remix[edit]
Chart (1993)
Peak
position
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[36] 15
Spain (AFYVE)[28] 4
"What Is Love" – Reloaded[edit]
Chart (2003)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[37] 49
Denmark (Tracklisten)[38] 20
Germany (Media Control Charts)[39] 51
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[40] 100
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[41] 92
Other reissues[edit]
Chart (2008)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot Digital Songs[32] 68
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
Denmark (Tracklisten)[42] 31
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1993)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[43] 78
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[44] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[45] 3
Canada (RPM Top 50 Dance Tracks)[46] 2
Germany (Media Control Charts)[47] 2
Italy (FIMI)[48] 5
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[49] 2
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[50] 4
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[51] 2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[52] 8
US Billboard Hot 100[53] 82
Chart (1994)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[54] 97
Certifications and sales[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[43]
Gold 35,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[55]
Platinum 50,000*
Germany (BVMI)[56]
3× Gold 750,000^
Sweden (GLF)[57]
Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[58]
Gold 400,000^
United States (RIAA)[59]
Gold 500,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Chart successions[edit]
hideOrder of precedence
Preceded by
"No Limit" by 2 Unlimited French number-one single
17 July 1993 – 14 August 1993 (five weeks) Succeeded by
"Darla dirladada" by GO Culture
Preceded by
"In Your Eyes" by Niamh Kavanagh Irish Singles Chart number-one single
25 June 1993 – 9 July 1993 (three weeks) Succeeded by
"What's Up?" by 4 Non Blondes
Preceded by
"All That She Wants" by Ace of Base Italian number one single
19 June 1993 – 10 July 1993 (four weeks) Succeeded by
"All That She Wants" by Ace of Base
Belgian Ultratop 50 Flanders number one single
15 May 1993 – 19 June 1993 (six weeks) Succeeded by
"Ain't Nothing to It" by Def Dames Dope
Belgian VRT Top 30 Flanders number one single (first run)
22 May 1993 (one week) Succeeded by
"Informer" by Snow
Austrian number one single
9 May 1993 – 4 July 1993 (nine weeks) Succeeded by
"Mr. Vain" by Culture Beat
Preceded by
"Informer" by Snow Norwegian number one single
22/1993 – 29/1993 (eight weeks)
Swiss number-one single
13 June 1993 – 11 July 1993 (five weeks)
Belgian VRT Top 30 Flanders number one single (second run)
12 June 1993 (one week) Succeeded by
"Cose della vita" by Eros Ramazzotti
Preceded by
"Mr. Blue" by René Klijn Dutch Top 40 number one single
15 May 1993 – 19 June 1993 (six weeks) Succeeded by
"(I Can't Help) Falling in Love with You" by UB40
Single Top 100 number-one single
15 May 1993 – 19 June 1993 (six weeks)
Preceded by
"Tribal Dance" by 2 Unlimited Eurochart Hot 100 number-one single
12 June 1993 – 24 July 1993 (seven weeks)
Preceded by
"Sad but True" by Metallica Finnish number-one single
18 March 1993 (two weeks) Succeeded by
"Onpa kadulla mittaa" by Kolmas Nainen
Preceded by
Five Live by George Michael and Queen with Lisa Stansfield Spanish number-one single
7 August 1993 (one week)
28 August 1993 – 11 September 1993 (three weeks) Succeeded by
Five Live by George Michael and Queen with Lisa Stansfield
"Life" by Haddaway
Cover versions and sampling[edit]
In 2007, the song was covered by indie band The Gossip, with lead singer Beth Ditto changing the lyrics to "When Is Lunch?, Baby I'm Hungry, I'm Hungry, For More".[60]
In 2009, singer and songwriter Diane Birch completely rearranged the song,[61][62] that later was featured on Billboard magazine's Mashup Monday in 2010.[63]
In 2010, Sharaya J sampled the chorus for her performance on Missy Elliott's European tour.[64]
In 2010, Swedish boy band E.M.D. released a piano ballad version of "What Is Love" as the second single from their upcoming sophomore studio album Rewind.[65]
In 2010, American rappers Eminem and Lil Wayne sampled the song for the single "No Love" from Eminem's seventh studio album, Recovery.[2]
In 2013, it was covered by the band Foolstop in a rock style.[66]
In 2014, Canadian singer Kiesza did a "piano-and-synth cover" of the song.[67]
Klaas version[edit]
"Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9"
Single by Klaas
Released
2009
Label
Mostiko
Songwriter(s)
Dee Dee Halligan
Junior Torello
Producer(s)
Klaas
Music video
"What is Love 2K9" on YouTube
In 2009, German DJ Klaas remixed the song under the title "Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9". This remix charted in several European countries.
Chart (2009)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[68] 37
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[69] 41
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[70] 9
France (SNEP)[71] 5
Germany (Official German Charts)[72] 60
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[73] 49
Lost Frequencies version[edit]
"What Is Love 2016"
Single by Lost Frequencies
from the album Less Is More
Released
7 October 2016
Length
2:52
Label
Armada
Mostiko
Songwriter(s)
Dee Dee Halligan
Junior Torello
Felix De Laet
Producer(s)
Hal Ritson
Felix De Laet
Lost Frequencies singles chronology
"Beautiful Life"
(2016) "What Is Love 2016"
(2016) "All or Nothing"
(2017)
"Beautiful Life"
(2016) "What Is Love 2016"
(2016) "All or Nothing"
(2017)
Music video
"What Is Love 2016" on YouTube
In 2016, Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies released a cover titled "What Is Love 2016", as a single from his debut album Less Is More.[74] It was actually already produced back in 2014 as a remix for Jaymes Young's cover version of "What is Love". This version was remade for the album and became a hit on a number of European singles charts and topped the Belgian Ultratop Official Singles Chart.
Music video[edit]
An official music video was released directed by Soulvizion. It features the Dutch professional basketball player Don Rigters[75] who plays the role of David Rose, a basketball player who is severely injured trying to make a comeback to the game with encouragement from his girlfriend, (played by Melissa Kanza), his three teammates, (Alkenah Wansing, Jeroen Jansen and Lindy Chippendel) and by his basketball coach (played by J E Rigters).
Track listing[edit]
Armada / Mostiko, 7 October 2016
"What Is Love 2016" – 2:52
Armada / Mostiko, 28 October 2016
What Is Love 2016" (Regi & Lester Williams Remix) – 4:21
Lost & Cie / Armada, 11 November 2016
"What Is Love 2016" (Regi & Lester Williams Remix) – 3:08
"What Is Love 2016 (Regi & Lester Williams Extended Remix) – 4:10
Armada / Mostiko, 6 January 2017
"What Is Love 2016" (Mike Mago Remix) – 3:29
"What Is Love 2016" (Zonderling Remix) – 3:11
"What Is Love 2016" (Galactic Marvl Remix) – 2:54
"What Is Love 2016" (Rose Remix) – 3:08
"What Is Love 2016" (Mike Mago Extended Remix) – 5:49
"What Is Love 2016" (Zonderling Extended Remix) – 4:27
"What Is Love 2016" (Rose Extended Remix) – 4:08
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2016–2017)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[76] 20
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[77] 1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[78] 12
France (SNEP)[79] 92
Germany (Official German Charts)[80] 24
Germany (Airplay Chart)[81] 2
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[82] 40
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[83] 73
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [84] 29
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[85] 38
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[86] 99
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[87] 52
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[88] 41
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Belgium (BEA)[89]
Platinum 20,000*
Germany (BVMI)[90]
Gold 200,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
In popular culture[edit]
"What is Love" experienced a revival as the song from the Saturday Night Live "Roxbury Guys" sketches (later expanded into a movie called A Night at the Roxbury), where two brothers (played by Chris Kattan and Will Ferrell) frequently went to dance clubs with a third person (including actors such as Sylvester Stallone and Jim Carrey), credited as "Barhop". It was also used in the 2013 video game Saints Row IV and included as one of the tracks in Just Dance 2017.[91][92]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Raberg, Leif (9 February 2008). "First Full dress rehearsals in Gothenburg are over". Esctoday.com. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Weiss, Jeff (22 June 2010). "Review: 2 1/2 stars for Eminem's 'Recovery'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 June 2014. Haddaway's "What Is Love," the Eurodance ballad mocked in the "Saturday Night Live" skits and spinoff movie.
Jump up ^ "Haddaway Makes Headway Into Europe" (PDF). Music & Media (1993-05-01, page 14). Retrieved 2018-02-01.
Jump up ^ Saeed, Saeed (13 November 2012). "Take a trip down memory lane at the Mixtape Rewind festival". The National. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Weinert, Ellie (26 March 1994). "Casebook: Haddaway". Billboard. Vol. 106 no. 13. p. 58. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Mapes, Jillian (12 February 2015). "We Asked Haddaway, "What Is Love?" Here's What He Said". Flavorwire. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Flick, Larry (31 October 1992). "Single Reviews > New & Noteworthy" (PDF). Billboard. p. 84.
Jump up ^ Sholin, Dave (13 August 1993). "Gavin Picks > Singles" (PDF). Gavin Report. No. 1967. p. 50. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "What Is Love (1993) by Haddaway". IMVD.com. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Haddaway – What Is Love" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Haddaway – What Is Love" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 2222." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2291." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10 no. 28. 10 July 1993. p. 20. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World". Billboard. 10 July 1993. p. 37. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Nyman, Jake (2005). Suomi soi 4: Suuri suomalainen listakirja (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Tammi. ISBN 951-31-2503-3.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Haddaway – What Is Love". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Íslenski Listinn: Topp 40: Vikan 28. Mai – 3. Juni" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir. 27 May 1993. p. 29. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – What Is Love". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "SINGOLI – I NUMERI UNO (1959-2006) (parte 4: 1990-1996)" (in Italian). It-charts.150m.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Haddaway - What Is Love" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Haddaway – What Is Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Haddaway – What Is Love". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love". VG-lista. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10 no. 37. 11 September 1993. p. 14. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Haddaway – Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending OCTOBER 30, 1993". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. . Cash Box magazine.
Jump up ^ Kimberley, Chris (2000). Zimbabwe : Zimbabwe Singles Chart Book. Harare.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love - Remix". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Haddaway – What Is Love - Reloaded" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love - Reloaded". Tracklisten. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ (in German) "Single – Haddaway, What Is Love – Reloaded". Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. . Officialcharts.de. GfK Entertainment.
Jump up ^ "dutchcharts.nl – Haddaway – What Is Love – Reloaded" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Haddaway – What Is Love – Reloaded – hitparade.ch" (in German). Hitparade.ch. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Haddaway – What Is Love". Tracklisten. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
Jump up ^ "Jahreshitparade 1993" (in German). Austriancharts.at. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1993" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dance/Urban – Volume 58, No. 23, December 18, 1993". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ (in German) "Jahrescharts – 1993". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. . Officialcharts.de. GfK Entertainment.
Jump up ^ "I singoli più venduti del 1993" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Creative Commons. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1993" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1993" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1993" (in German). Hitparade.ch. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Warwick, Neil; Kutner, Jon; Brown, Tony (2004). The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums (3rd ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-8444-9058-5.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1993". The Longbored Surfer. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1994". The Longbored Surfer. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austrian single certifications – Haddaway – What Is Love" (in German). IFPI Austria. Enter Haddaway in the field Interpret. Enter What Is Love in the field Titel. Select single in the field Format. Click Suchen
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Haddaway; 'What Is Love')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Haddaway – What Is Love". British Phonographic Industry. Enter What Is Love in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Haddaway – What Is Love". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ Price, Simon (2 September 2007). "Interpol/The Gossip, Reading Festival". The Independent. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Diane Birch In Concert". NPR. 26 June 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Diane Birch covers Haddaway's "What Is Love?"". Loft965.com. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Diane Birch De-Clubs "What Is Love"". Billboard. 8 March 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sharaya @ Bamboo Mamaia – 16 iulie 2010 – HD video 5a". YouTube. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "EMD cover Haddaway's 'What Is Love'!". Scandipop. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Foolstop – What Is Love (Haddaway Rock Cover)". YouTube. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Daw, Robbie (23 April 2014). "Kiesza Covers Haddaway's "What Is Love": Watch The Video For Her Rendition Of The '90s Classic". Idolator. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Op de Beeck, Hans (7 October 2016). "Wordt ook vierde single Lost Frequencies schot in de roos? "Als het te slap is, dan is het gewoon te slap"". Het Laatste Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016". Social Música Musica. October 7, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Airplay Charts Deutschland – Woche 51/2016" (in German). German Charts. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201650 into search. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Lost Frequencies – What Is Love 2016". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2016" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – 2016". Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Lost Frequencies; 'What Is Love 2016')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Pitcher, Jenna (6 August 2013). "Saints Row 4 tracklist revealed, features 109 tracks". Polygon. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Makuch, Eddie (14 October 2016). "Just Dance 2017 Song List Revealed". GameSpot. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
External links[edit]
"What Is Love" at Discogs
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
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Haddaway
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The Album
The Drive
Let's Do It Now
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"What Is Love"
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[show]
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Queen (playing card)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Queen cards of all four suits in the Rouennais pattern
The Queen is a playing card with a picture of a woman on it. It is worth 15 when playing cards. In many European languages, the King and Queen begin with the same letter so the latter is often called Dame (Lady) or variations thereof. In French playing cards, the usual rank of a queen is between the King and the Jack. In tarot decks, it outranks the Knight which in turn outranks the Jack.
In the Paris pattern, each court card is identified as a particular historical or mythological personage as follows:[1][2]
Queens in the Paris pattern (portrait officiel)
Hearts
Diamonds
Spades
Clubs
Judith,
Biblical figure Rachel,
Biblical figure Pallas,
another name for the goddess Athena Argine,
an anagram of Regina (Latin for "queen")
In the game of Hearts, the Queen of Spades is the major card to avoid, and is called a variety of unsavoury names.
See also[edit]
List of poker hand nicknames
"The Queen of Spades", a short story by Alexander Pushkin
The Queen of Spades, an opera by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky based on Pushkin's story
Queen of Spades, the title used by Chibodee Crocket in the 1994 anime Mobile Fighter G Gundam
The Queen of Hearts, a character from Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Heart Queen, Karen Mizuki's codename in JAKQ Dengekitai.
"Queen of Hearts", a Hank DeVito-written 1979 song by Dave Edmunds; the international hit version was released in 1981 by Juice Newton.
Queen of Hearts, a BBC TV play of 1985
Marsha, Queen of Diamonds, a villain from the 1960s Batman TV series played by Carolyn Jones.
Queen of Clubs, a 1966 Greek film
Queen of Clubs: Ruby, Onyx and Diamond Editions, a remix album trilogy featuring singer-songwriter Nadia Ali as the Queen of Clubs
Three-card Monte
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Queens (playing cards).
Jump up ^ "The Four King Truth" at the Urban Legends Reference Pages
Jump up ^ Who are the court figures? at the International Playing-Card Society. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
[hide]
v
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Playing cards
Standard
52-card deck
Suit/rank
Ace
King
Queen
Jack
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Spades ♠
Ace King Queen Jack 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Hearts ♥
Ace King Queen Jack 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Diamonds ♦
Ace King Queen Jack 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Clubs ♣
Ace King Queen Jack 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Others
Face card
Pip card
Knight
Joker
Card nicknames
Stripped deck
Unicode
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_(playing_card)&oldid=793972040"
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