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Muscles of mastication
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Muscles of mastication
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
Details
Nerve
mandibular nerve
Identifiers
Latin
musculi masticatorii
MeSH
D008410
TA
A04.1.04.001
FMA
74060
Anatomical terms of muscle
[edit on Wikidata]
There are four classical muscles of mastication. During mastication, three muscles of mastication (musculi masticatorii) are responsible for adduction of the jaw, and one (the lateral pterygoid) helps to abduct it. All four move the jaw laterally. Other muscles, usually associated with the hyoid such as the sternohyomastoid, are responsible for opening the jaw in addition to the lateral pterygoid.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Innervation
1.2 Development
2 Function
3 Clinical significance
4 External links
Structure[edit]
The muscles are:
The masseter (composed of the superficial and deep head)
The temporalis (the sphenomandibularis is considered a part of the temporalis by some sources, and a distinct muscle by others)
The medial pterygoid
The lateral pterygoid
In humans, the mandible, or lower jaw, is connected to the temporal bone of the skull via the temporomandibular joint, an extremely complex joint which permits movement in all planes. The muscles of mastication originate on the skull and insert into the mandible, thereby allowing for jaw movements during contraction.
Each of these primary muscles of mastication is paired, with each side of the mandible possessing one of the four.
Innervation[edit]
Unlike most of the other facial muscles, which are innervated by the facial nerve (or CN VII), the muscles of mastication are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (or CN V). More specifically, they are innervated by the mandibular branch, or V3.
Development[edit]
This is a testament to their shared embryological origin from the first pharyngeal arch.
The muscles of facial expression, on the other hand, derive from the second pharyngeal arch.
Function[edit]
The mandible is the only bone that moves during mastication and other activities, such as talking.
While these four muscles are the primary participants in mastication, other muscles are usually if not always helping the process, such as those of the tongue and the cheeks.
Clinical significance[edit]
Temporomandibular joint disorder
Bruxism
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muscles of mastication.
Masticatory Muscles at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/nervous_system/infratemp_lecture.html
[hide]
v
t
e
Muscles of the head
Extraocular
Oblique
inferior
superior
Rectus
superior
inferior
medial
lateral
Levator palpebrae superioris
superior tarsal
Masticatory
Masseter
Temporalis
sphenomandibularis
Pterygoid
lateral
medial
Fascia
masseteric
temporal
Facial
Ear
Auricular
anterior
superior
posterior
Temporoparietalis
Scalp/eyelid
Occipitofrontalis
occipitalis
frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
depressor supercilii
Corrugator supercilii
Nose
Procerus
Nasalis
dilator naris
Depressor septi nasi
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Mouth
Levator anguli oris
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus
major
minor
Orbicularis oris
Risorius
Buccinator
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis
Transversus menti
Soft palate
Veli palatini
tensor
levator
Musculus uvulae
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Tongue
Extrinsic
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
chondroglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Intrinsic
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muscles_of_mastication&oldid=825185171"
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Muscles of the head and neck
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This page was last edited on 11 February 2018, at 23:39.
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