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Article 370 of the Constitution of India
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Article 370 of the Indian constitution is an article that gives autonomous status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The article is drafted in Part XXI of the Constitution: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions.[1] The State's Constituent Assembly was empowered to recommend the articles of the Indian constitution to be applied to the state or to abrogate the Article 370 altogether. After the state Constituent Assembly dissolved itself without recommending abrogation, the Article 370 was deemed to have become a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Purpose
2 Text
3 Analysis
4 Presidential orders
4.1 Presidential order of 1950
4.2 Presidential order of 1952
4.3 Presidential order of 1954
4.4 Further presidential orders
5 Autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir: Structure and limitations
6 Applicability of the Indian law to Jammu and Kashmir
7 Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
8 Implications
9 Calls for abrogation
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 Bibliography
14 External links
Purpose[edit]
The state of Jammu and Kashmir's original accession, like all other princely states, was on three matters: defence, foreign affairs and communications. All the princely states were invited to send representatives to India's Constituent Assembly, which was formulating a constitution for the whole of India. They were also encouraged to set up constituent assemblies for their own states. Most states were unable to set up assemblies in time, but a few states did, in particular Saurashtra Union, Travancore-Cochin and Mysore. Even though the States Department developed a model constitution for the states, in May 1949, the rulers and chief ministers of all the states met and agreed that separate constitutions for the states were not necessary. They accepted the Constitution of India as their own constitution. The states that did elect constituent assemblies suggested a few amendments which were accepted. The position of all the states (or unions of states) thus became equivalent to that of regular Indian provinces. In particular, this meant that the subjects available for legislation by the central and state governments was uniform across India.[4]
In the case of Jammu and Kashmir, the representatives to the Constituent Assembly[5] requested that only those provisions of the Indian Constitution that corresponded to the original Instrument of Accession should be applied to the State. Accordingly, the Article 370 was incorporated into the Indian Constitution, which stipulated that the other articles of the Constitution that gave powers to the Central Government would be applied to Jammu and Kashmir only with the concurrence of the State's constituent assembly. This was a "temporary provision" in that its applicability was intended to last till the formulation and adoption of the State's constitution.[6] However, the State's constituent assembly dissolved itself on 25 January 1957 without recommending either abrogation or amendment of the Article 370. Thus the Article has become a permanent feature of the Indian constitution, as confirmed by various rulings of the Supreme Court of India and the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir, the latest of which was in October 2015.[7][8][9][10]
Text[edit]
370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution,—
(a) the provisions of article 238 shall not apply now in relation to the state of Jammu and Kashmir;[a]
(b) the power of Parliament to make laws for the said state shall be limited to—
(i) those matters in the Union List and the Concurrent List which, in consultation with the Government of the State, are declared by the President to correspond to matters specified in the Instrument of Accession governing the accession of the State to the Dominion of India as the matters with respect to which the Dominion Legislature may make laws for that State; and
(ii) such other matters in the said Lists as, with the concurrence of the Government of the State, the President may by order specify.
Explanation: For the purpose of this article, the Government of the State means the person for the time being recognized by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadr-i-Riyasat (now Governor) of Jammu and Kashmir, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the State for the time being in office.[1][11][b]
(c) the provisions of article 1 and of this article shall apply in relation to that State;
(d) such of the other provisions of this Constitution shall apply in relation to that State subject to such exceptions and modifications as the President may by order specify:
Provided that no such order which relates to the matters specified in the Instrument of Accession of the State referred to in paragraph (i) of sub-clause (b) shall be issued except in consultation with the Government of the State:
Provided further that no such order which relates to matters other than those referred to in the last preceding proviso shall be issued except with the concurrence of that Government.
(2) If the concurrence of the Government of the State referred to in paragraph (ii) of sub-clause (b) of clause (1) or in the second provision to sub-clause (d) of that clause be given before the Constituent Assembly for the purpose of framing the Constitution of the State is convened, it shall be placed before such Assembly for such decision as it may take thereon.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this article, the President may, by public notification, declare that this article shall cease to be operative or shall be operative only with such exceptions and modifications and from such date as he may specify:
Provided that the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause (2) shall be necessary before the President issues such a notification.[12]
Analysis[edit]
The clause 7 of the Instrument of Accession signed by Maharaja Hari Singh declared that the State could not be compelled to accept any future Constitution of India. The State was within its rights to draft its own Constitution and to decide for itself what additional powers to extend to the Central Government. The Article 370 was designed to protect those rights.[13] According to the constitutional scholar A. G. Noorani, the Article 370 records a 'solemn compact'. Neither India nor the State can unilaterally amend or abrogate the Article except in accordance with the terms of the Article.[14]
Article 370 embodied six special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir:[15]
It exempted the State from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The State was allowed to have its own Constitution.
Central legislative powers over the State were limited, at the time of framing, to the three subjects of defence, foreign affairs and communications.
Other constitutional powers of the Central Government could be extended to the State only with the concurrence of the State Government.
The 'concurrence' was only provisional. It had to be ratified by the State's Constituent Assembly.
The State Government's authority to give 'concurrence' lasted only until the State Constituent Assembly was convened. Once the State Constituent Assembly finalised the scheme of powers and dispersed, no further extension of powers was possible.
The Article 370 could be abrogated or amended only upon the recommendation of the State's Constituent Assembly.
Once the State's Constitutional Assembly convened on 31 October 1951, the State Government's power to give `concurrence' lapsed. After the Constituent Assembly dispersed on 17 November 1956, adopting a Constitution for the State, the only authority provided to extend more powers to the Central Government or to accept Central institutions vanished. Noorani states that this understanding of the constitutionality of the Centre-State relations informed the decisions of India till 1957, but that it was abandoned afterwards. In subsequent years, other provisions continued to be extended to the State with the 'concurrence' of the State Government.[16][17][18]
Presidential orders[edit]
In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 370 of the Constitution, the President, with the concurrence of the Government of the State of Jammu and Kashmir made a series of orders.
Presidential order of 1950[edit]
The Presidential order of 1950, officially The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1950, came into force on 26 January 1950 contemporaneously with the Constitution of India. It specified the subjects and articles of the Indian Constitution that corresponded to the Instrument of Accession as required by the clause b(i) of the Article 370.
Thirty eight subjects from the Union List were mentioned as matters on which the Union legislature could make laws for the State. Certain articles in ten of the twenty-two parts of the Indian Constitution were extended to Jammu and Kashmir, with modifications and exceptions as agreed by the state government.[19]
This order was superseded by the Presidential order of 1954.
Presidential order of 1952[edit]
The Presidential order of 1952 was issued on 15 November 1952, at the request of the state government. It amended the Article 370, replacing the phrase "recognised by the President as the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir" by "recognized by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadr-i-Riyasat". The amendment represented the abolition of the monarchy of Jammu and Kashmir.
Background: The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was elected in 1951 and convened on 31 October 1951. The Basic Principles committee of the Constituent Assembly recommended the abolition of the monarchy, which was unanimously approved by the Assembly on 12 June 1952. In the same month, the Hindu-dominated Jammu Praja Parishad submitted a memorandum to the President of India demanding the full application of the Indian Constitution to the State. The Government of India summoned a delegation from Jammu and Kashmir in Delhi for discussions on the relations between the Centre and the State. After discussions, the 1952 Delhi Agreement was reached.[20]
The State's prime minister Sheikh Abdullah was slow to implement the provisions of the Delhi Agreement. However, in August 1952, the State Constituent Assembly adopted a resolution abolishing the monarchy and replacing the position by an elected Head of State (called Sadar-i-Riyasat). Despite reservations on this piecemeal approach to adopting provisions, the Central Government acquiesced, leading to the Presidential Order of 1952. The Legislative Assembly elected Karan Singh, who was already acting as the Prince Regent, as the new Sadar-i-Riyasat.[21][22]
Presidential order of 1954[edit]
The Presidential order of 1954, officially The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 came into force on 14 May 1954. Issued with the agreement of the State's Constituent Assembly, it was a comprehensive order seeking to implement the 1952 Delhi Agreement.[23] Arguably, it went further than the Delhi Agreement in some respects.[24]
The provisions implementing the Delhi Agreement were:[25][26]
Indian citizenship was extended to the 'permanent residents' of Jammu and Kashmir (formerly called 'state subjects'). Simultaneously, the Article 35A was added to the Constitution, empowering the state legislature to legislate on the privileges of permanent residents with regard to immovable property, settlement in the state and employment.
The fundamental rights of the Indian constitution were extended to the state. However, the State Legislature was empowered to legislate on preventive detention for the purpose of internal security. The State's land reform legislation (which acquired land without compensation) was also protected.
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India was extended to the State.
The Central Government was given power to declare national emergency in the event of external aggression. However, its power to do so for internal disturbances could be exercised only with the concurrence of the State Government.
In addition, the following provisions which were not previously decided in the Delhi Agreement were also implemented:
Financial relations between the Centre and the State were placed on the same footing as the other States. The State's custom duties were abolished.
Decisions affecting the disposition of the State could be made by the Central Government, but only with the consent of the State Government.
Background: The State Government's decision to abolish the monarchy led to increased agitation by the Jammu Praja Parishad, which found support among the Ladakhi Buddhists and the Hindu parties of India.[27] In response, Sheikh Abdullah started questioning the value of Kashmir's accession to India, leading to a loss of support among his Cabinet members. On 8 August 1953, Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed from the post of prime minister by the Sadar-i-Riyasat Karan Singh and his erstwhile deputy Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed in his place. Abdullah and several of his colleagues were arrested and put in prison.[28][29]
The purged Constituent Assembly, with 60 of the original 75 members, unanimously adopted on 6 February 1954, the recommendations of its Basic Principles Committee and the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights and Citizenship.[30] According to the Basic Principles Committee:
While preserving the internal autonomy of the State, all the obligations which flow from the fact of accession and also its elaboration as contained in the Delhi Agreement should find an appropriate place in the Constitution. The Committee is of the opinion that it is high time that finality in this respect should be reached and the relationship of the State with the Union should be expressed in clear and precise terms.[29]
The Presidential order of 1954 was issued based on these recommendations.[30]
Further presidential orders[edit]
In addition to these original orders, forty seven Presidential orders have been issued between 11 February 1956 and 19 February 1994, making various other provisions of the Constitution of India applicable to Jammu and Kashmir. All these orders were issued with the 'concurrence of the Government of the State' without any Constituent Assembly.[31] The effect of these orders has been to extend 94 of the 97 subjects in the Union List (the powers of the Central Government) to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and 260 of the 395 Articles of the Constitution of India.[32] All these orders have been issued as amendments to the Presidential Order of 1954, rather than as replacements to it, presumably because their constitutionality was in doubt.[33]
This process has been termed the 'erosion' of the Article 370.[33][34]
Autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir: Structure and limitations[edit]
India's constitution is a federal structure. The subjects for legislation are divided into a 'Union List', a 'State List' and a 'Concurrent List'. The Union List of ninety-six subjects, including defence, military and foreign affairs, major transport systems, commercial issues like banking, stock exchanges and taxes, are provided for the Union government to legislate exclusively. The State List of sixty-six items covering prisons, agriculture, most industries and certain taxes, are available for States to legislate on. The Concurrent List, on which both the Centre and States may legislate include criminal law, marriage, bankruptcy, trade unions, professions and price control. In case of conflict, the Union legislation takes precedence. The 'residual power', to make laws on matters not specified in the Constitution, rests with the Union. The Union may also specify certain industries, waterways, ports etc. to be 'national', in which case they become Union subjects.[35]
In the case of Jammu and Kashmir, the 'Union List' and the 'Concurrent List' were initially curtailed to the matters ceded in the Instrument of Accession, but they were later extended with the concurrence of the State Government. The 'residual power' continues to rest with the State rather than the Union. According to the State Autonomy Committee, ninety-four of the ninety-seven items in the Union List currently apply to Jammu and Kashmir. The provisions of the Central Bureau of Intelligence and Investigation and preventive detention do not apply. Of the 'Concurrent List', twenty-six of the forty-seven items apply to Jammu and Kashmir. The items of marriage and divorce, infants and minors, transfer of property other than agricultural land, contracts and torts, bankruptcy, trusts, courts, family planning and charities have been omitted, i.e., the State has exclusive right to legislate on those matters. The right to legislate on elections to state bodies also rests with the State.[36]
Applicability of the Indian law to Jammu and Kashmir[edit]
Acts passed by Indian Parliament have been extended to Jammu and Kashmir over a period of time.[37]
All India Services Act
Negotiable Instruments Act
Border Security Force Act
Central Vigilance Commission Act
Essential Commodities Act
Haj Committee Act
Income Tax Act
The Central Laws (Extension To Jammu And Kashmir) Act, 1956
The Central Laws (Extension To Jammu And Kashmir) Act, 1968
The non-applicability of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Act by claiming recourse to Article 370 was set aside in 2010.[38]
Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir[edit]
WE, THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR,

having solemnly resolved, in pursuance of the accession of this State to India which took place on the twenty sixth day of October, 1947, to further define the existing relationship of the State with the Union of India as an integral part thereof, and to secure to ourselves—

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among us all;

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this seventeenth day
of November, 1956, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE
TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION."
—Preamble of Constitution of Jammu & Kashmir.[39]
Main article: Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
Preamble and Article 3 of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir states that the State of Jammu and Kashmir is and shall be an integral part of the Union of India.[39] Article 5 states that the executive and legislative power of the State extend to all matters except those with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for the State under the provisions of the Constitution of India. The constitution was adopted on 17 November 1956 and came into force on 26 January 1957 .
Implications[edit]
This article specifies that the State must concur in the application of laws, except those that pertain to Communications, Defence, Finance, and Foreign Affairs.[40]
The 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord between Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah and then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi stated, "The State of Jammu and Kashmir which is a constituent unit of the Union of India, shall, in its relation with the Union, continue to be governed by Article 370 of the Constitution of India".
In notifications issued as far back as 1927 and 1932, the state created various categories of residents – with some being called permanent residents (PRs) with special rights. Though the law did not discriminate between female and male PRs, an administrative rule made it clear that women could remain PRs only till marriage. After that they had to seek a fresh right to remain PRs. And if a woman married someone who wasn’t a J&K PR, she automatically lost her own PR status. But a 2002 high court ruling made it clear that a woman will remain a PR even after marriage to a non-PR, and enjoy all the rights of a PR. A People's Democratic Party government, led by Mehbooba Mufti, passed a law to overturn the court judgment by introducing a Bill styled “Permanent Residents (Disqualification) Bill, 2004’. This was not Mufti’s solo effort. Omar Abdullah’s party, the National Conference, backed this Bill and got it passed in the lower house of the assembly. But it did not ultimately see the light of day for various reasons.[41]
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, the state's 'Prime Minister' and leader of the Muslims in the Valley, found the inclusion of Article 370 in the 'Temporary and Transitional Provisions' of the Constitution's Part XXI unsettling. He wanted 'iron clad guarantees of autonomy'. Suspecting that the state's special status might be lost, Abdullah advocated independence from India, causing New Delhi to dismiss his government in 1953, and place him under preventive detention.[42]
In December 2016, the Supreme Court of India set aside a judgement of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir which stated that Jammu and Kashmir had "absolute sovereign power" on account of Article 370. The Supreme Court held that the state of Jammu and Kashmir has "no vestige" of sovereignty outside the Constitution of India and its own Constitution is subordinate to the Indian Constitution. The Court upheld the applicability of SARFAESI Act to Jammu and Kashmir as it was under the Union list of subjects for which the Indian Parliament is empowered to enact laws for the whole of India, including Jammu and Kashmir.[43][44]
Calls for abrogation[edit]
In 2014, as part of Bharatiya Janata Party manifesto for the 2014 general election, the party pledged for integrating the state of Jammu and Kashmir into the Union of India.[45] After winning the elections, attempts were made by the party along with RSS party for abrogation of Article 370.[46] Also, Congress leader Karan Singh, son of Maharaja Hari Singh, has, opined that an integral review of Article 370 is overdue and, to be worked with the State of Jammu and Kashmir.[47]
However, in October 2015, the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir has ruled that the Article 370 cannot be "abrogated, repealed or even amended." It explained that the clause (3) of the Article conferred power to the State's Constituent Assembly to recommend to the President on the matter of the repeal of the Article. Since the Constituent Assembly did not make such a recommendation before its dissolution in 1957, the Article 370 has taken on the features of a "permanent provision" despite being titled a temporary provision in the Constitution.[48][8]
See also[edit]
Article 35A of Constitution of India
Kashmir conflict
Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, 2014
Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
1974 Indira–Sheikh accord
Article 356
PART XXI of Indian constitution
Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)
Article 370 text from wikisource
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Article 238 was repealed by the 7th Amendment in 1956.
Jump up ^ The explanation originally read, "For the purpose of this article, the Government of the State means the person for the time being recognised by the President as the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers for the time being in office under the Maharaja's Proclamation dated the fifth day of March, 1948;" This was changed via Ministry of Law order No. C.O. dated 15th November 1952 stating, "In exercise of the powers conferred by Article 370 the President, on the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, declared that as from the 17th Day of November, 1952, the said Article 370 shall be operative with the modification that for the Explanation in Cl. (1) thereof, the following explanation is substituted namely...[Explanation follows]"
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Article 370: 10 facts that you need to know : Highlights, News - India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
Jump up ^ The importance of Article 370, The Hindu, 15 October 2015.
Jump up ^ PTI. "Article 370 is permanent, rules J&K High Court". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
Jump up ^ Menon, The Story of Integration of the Indian States 1956.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011, p. 4): The representatives of Jammu and Kashmir were Sheikh Abdullah, Mirza Mohammad Afzal Beg, Maulana Mohammad Saeed Masoodi and Moti Ram Bagda. They joined the Constituent Assembly on 16 June 1949.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), Introduction.
Jump up ^ Article 370, granting special status to the state, is permanent: Jammu and Kashmir High Court, The Economic Times, 11 October 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b The importance of Article 370, The Hindu, 15 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Amitabh Mattoo, Understanding Article 370, The Hindu, 29 May 2014.
Jump up ^ BJP is quiet since I explained Article 370 to Modi: Jethmalani, Deccan Herald, 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, Kashmir-information.com, archived from the original on 5 January 2013
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of India (1949)" (PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat. pp. 1122–1123. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), pp. 1-2.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), p. 1.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), pp. 5-6.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), pp. 7-8.
Jump up ^ Kumar, The Constitutional and Legal Routes (2005), p. 97.
Jump up ^ Tillin, Asymmetric Federalism (2016), p. 546.
Jump up ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 187.
Jump up ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 196–198.
Jump up ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 200.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), pp. 8–9.
Jump up ^ Chowdhary, Politics of Identity and Separatism (2015), p. 48.
Jump up ^ Cottrell, Kashmir: The vanishing autonomy (2013), pp. 171–172.
Jump up ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 198–200, 212.
Jump up ^ Kumar, The Constitutional and Legal Routes (2005), pp. 97–98.
Jump up ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 201–205.
Jump up ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 205–209.
^ Jump up to: a b Cottrell, Kashmir: The vanishing autonomy (2013), p. 171.
^ Jump up to: a b Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir (2012), p. 210–211.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), Section 11.1.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), pp. 13-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Cottrell, Kashmir: The vanishing autonomy (2013), p. 174.
Jump up ^ Noorani, Article 370 (2011), Chapter 11.
Jump up ^ Cottrell, Kashmir: The vanishing autonomy (2013), p. 165.
Jump up ^ Cottrell, Kashmir: The vanishing autonomy (2013), p. 177–178.
Jump up ^ "Central Enactments Applicable To State of Jammu And Kashmir in Alphabetical Order" (PDF). 10 February 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Order extraordinaire: J&K's immunity set aside by the NHRC". October 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir (PDF). Official website of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly on National Informatics Centre, India. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "What is Article 370? Three key points". 28 May 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Rekha Chowdhary (23 April 2010). "Kashmir vs Women". Retrieved 2 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Austin, Granville (1999). Working a Democratic Constitution - A History of the Indian Experience. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 0-19-565610-5.
Jump up ^ Jammu and Kashmir has no vestige of sovereignty outside Constitution: Supreme Court, Financial Express, 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ No sovereignty for J&K, Supreme Court slams High Court for “wrong”, “disturbing” observations, Bar and Bench, 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "BJP Manifesto for 2014 General Elections" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Omar Abdullah & Ram Madhav start war of words over Article 370 - Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
Jump up ^ Integral review of Article 370 overdue, but needs cooperation not confrontation: Congress leader Karan Singh
Jump up ^ Art 370 permanent…cannot be repealed or amended: HC, The Indian Express, 12 October 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Chowdhary, Rekha (2015), Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-41405-6
Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012), Jammu and Kashmir, Springer, ISBN 978-94-011-9231-6
Cottrell, Jill (2013), "Kashmir: The vanishing autonomy", in Yash Ghai; Sophia Woodman, Practising Self-Government: A Comparative Study of Autonomous Regions, Cambridge University Press, pp. 163–199, doi:10.1017/CBO9781139088206.006, ISBN 978-1-107-29235-2
Hassan, Khalid Wasim (2009), History Revisited: Narratives on Political and Constitutional Changes in Kashmir (1947-1990) (PDF), Bangalore: The Institute for Social and Economic Change, ISBN 81-7791-189-9
Kumar, Ashutosh (2005), "The Constitutional and Legal Routes", in Samaddar, Ranabir, The Politics of Autonomy: Indian Experiences, SAGE Publications, pp. 93–113, ISBN 9780761934530
Menon, V. P. (1956). The Story of Integration of the Indian States (PDF). Orient Longman.
Noorani, A. G. (2011), Article 370: A Constitutional History of Jammu and Kashmir, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-807408-3, (Subscription required (help))
Tillin, Louise (2016), "Asymmetric Federalism", in Sujit Choudhry; Madhav Khosla; Pratap Bhanu Mehta, The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford University Press, pp. 546–, ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8
External links[edit]
"Full text of the article" (PDF). (387 KB)
"Full text of Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF).
"The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1950" (PDF). Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
"The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954" (PDF). Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
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East Lancashire derby
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
East Lancashire derby
Other names
Cotton Mills derby
Locale
East Lancashire
Teams
Blackburn Rovers F.C.,
Burnley F.C.
First meeting
27 September 1884
Latest meeting
Blackburn Rovers 0–2 Burnley
2017–18 EFL Cup
(23 August 2017)
Stadiums
Ewood Park
Turf Moor
Statistics
Meetings total
113
Most wins
Burnley (48)
Most player appearances
Jerry Dawson (Burnley), Ronnie Clayton (Blackburn Rovers) (19 each)
All-time series
48–20–45 (BUR-DR-BBR)
Largest victory
Burnley 1–7 Blackburn
1888–89 Football League
(3 November 1888)
Burnley 6–0 Blackburn
1895–96 Football League
(18 April 1896)
Blackburn 6–0 Burnley
1914–15 Football League
(28 November 1914)
Blackburn Rovers
Burnley
Turf Moor – home of Burnley since 1883.
Ewood Park – home of Blackburn Rovers since 1890.
The East Lancashire Derby also known as the "Cotton Mills Derby"[1] is a football match between Blackburn Rovers F.C. and Burnley F.C.. The nickname originates from the fact that Blackburn and Burnley were former mill towns.
The first ever competitive league match in League football between these two former English football champions and founder members of the Football League, took place at Turf Moor on 3 November 1888, Blackburn won the game 7–1. From a town standpoint there is an obvious geographical reason for the rivalry as the two Lancashire towns only lie 11 miles (18 km) apart. Accrington Stanley F.C. stands in the middle, but is not taken seriously as a rival by either. Another alleged reason for the increased hostilities is that Blackburn complained to the Football League about Burnley's illegal number of Scottish players in the 1890s.[2]
Blackburn Rovers were founded in 1875[3] and in the following years, many other clubs were formed in the region such as Accrington F.C. in 1886 and Clitheroe Central in 1877, due to football being passionately taken up by the area. Another such club was Burnley Rovers, who started out as a rugby club until changing codes in 1882.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pre-League Friendlies
2 Football League
2.1 1888–97
2.2 1897–1900
2.3 1913–30
2.4 1936–39
2.5 1947–48
2.6 1958–66
2.7 1976–79
2.8 1982–83
2.9 2000–01
2.10 2009–10
2.11 2012–present
3 FA Cup
4 League Cup
5 Head To Head
6 Honours
7 Crossing the divide
8 Appearances
9 Records
10 Pranks
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Pre-League Friendlies[edit]
The two clubs met for the first time, after Burnley turned professional in 1883,[4] at Turf Moor on September 27, 1884, in front of a 5,000 crowd, Rovers emerging as 4–2 winners.[5] Burnley quickly gained revenge when they won 5–1 on the same ground the following March. Their first meeting in Blackburn took place at Leamington Road and ended all square at 2–2.[5]
These early pre-league ‘friendlies’ were keenly contested affairs, with considerable pride at stake, and there was a refreshing informality in the way they were played and covered by the press. Rovers’ goalscorer in the next match against Burnley was ‘unknown’, some matches were conducted with 10 men and as much as 10 years later in the league itself, two Burnley goals in successive season against Blackburn were credited to ‘Scrimmage’.
The total number of pre-league meetings between the clubs was 13, with Burnley winning seven, Blackburn four and the other two being drawn.
Football League[edit]
1888–97[edit]
Blackburn Rovers and Burnley were among the original 12 members of the Football league and took their places in the inaugural season, which was to be dominated by fellow Lancashire side Preston North End, who completed the league and cup double.
As far as Blackburn and Burnley were concerned there was only one dominant force, as over the first four seasons, before the league was split into two divisions, Blackburn performed the double over the Clarets in each of the initial three seasons scoring plenty of goals in the process. Their first league match against each other was at Turf Moor and produced a 7–1 win for Blackburn and the very next season they won the home fixture by the same margin; Burnley remain the only team Blackburn have beaten home and away by this score line to this day.
The next season of 1890–91 was not much better for Burnley as Rovers managed to score both five and a six in the fixture. The main figure in these defeats was Jack Southworth, who scored 12 goals in his 10 appearances against Burnley, including Rovers’ first ever hat-trick in the league which came in the 7–1 away win of 1888–89. To this day, no-one in official fixtures between the clubs has matched his goal tally.
Burnley finally recorded their first league victory over Rovers on 12 December 1891. However, it was in circumstances that were controversial.
In driving snow and wind, Burnley had stormed to a three-goal interval lead at Turf Moor. Emerging for the second half, the Rovers players seemed disinclined to proceed with the contest and their lack of enthusiasm increased considerably when Lofthouse was sent off along with Burnley’s Stewart after a brief altercation, and the rest of the Rovers outfield players went with him! This left the entire Burnley side against Herbie Arthur, Rovers’ goalkeeper who appealed for offside as Burnley bore down on his goal. The referee wisely abandoned the farce and the points were awarded to Burnley.[6]
The next season saw the start of the old First Division and their first meeting in it was goalless: the first of only six matches that have ended that way between them in 89 league and cup pairings. Rovers continued to have the better of the fixture, registering five consecutive wins at Ewood between 1892–97, which still stands as the record number of straight wins on one ground between the clubs. Burnley’s brightest moment came at Turf Moor in 1895–96 when they won the season’s final game 6–0 with Nicol scoring a hat-trick, the first and last by a Burnley player against Rovers in official competition.
The clubs were temporarily parted by Burnley’s relegation in 1896–97 which was assisted by Rovers completing the double over them, something they have done ten times to Burnley’s nine.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
3 November 1888 Burnley 1–7 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
4 February 1889 Blackburn Rovers 4–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
26 October 1889 Blackburn Rovers 7–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
22 February 1890 Burnley 1–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
18 October 1890 Burnley 1–6 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
22 November 1890 Blackburn Rovers 5–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
26 September 1891 Blackburn Rovers 3–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
12 December 1891 Burnley 3–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
3 December 1892 Burnley 0–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
17 December 1892 Blackburn Rovers 2–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
18 November 1893 Blackburn Rovers 3–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
23 December 1893 Burnley 1–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
17 November 1894 Blackburn Rovers 1–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
12 January 1895 Burnley 2–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
5 October 1895 Blackburn Rovers 1–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
18 April 1896 Burnley 6–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Nicol
Nicol
Nicol Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
3 October 1896 Blackburn Rovers 3–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
7 November 1896 Burnley 0–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

1897–1900[edit]
Their next meetings were destined to be in the notorious Test match series at the end of 1897–98 season. The forerunner of the current play-offs, these were used to determine the composition of the First Division for the next season.
Rovers had finished next to bottom while Burnley had won the Second Division at the first time of asking. They beat Rovers twice in these matches, Wilf Toman scoring in both with a hat-trick in the first. The controversy arose when Burnley met Stoke for the second time as both sides needed to draw to ensure First Division football.
The resultant 0–0 draw was known as the ‘game without a shot’ and questions were asked about each side’s commitment to winning the match. The powers-that-be decided to extend the First Division anyway and so that Test match series proved meaningless and Blackburn, along with Newcastle United, survived.
Burnley won three of the next four games between the clubs before their relegation at the turn of the century meant that it was to be 13 years before the rivals met again in official competition.
English Test Match
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
26 April 1898 Burnley 2–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
21 April 1898 Blackburn Rovers 1–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

League
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
26 November 1898 Burnley 2–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
26 December 1898 Blackburn Rovers 0–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
7 October 1899 Burnley 1–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
1 January 1900 Blackburn Rovers 2–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

1913–30[edit]
Between 1915 and 1919 the league was suspended due to the First World War. When the War ended, the Blackburn v Burnley fixture would enjoy 11 uninterrupted years in the top flight.
Burnley experienced initial dominance, winning the league in 1920–21 and doing the double over Rovers in successive seasons before Rovers returned the favour in 1921–22. The mid-20s saw three hat-tricks in two seasons by Rovers players against the old foe; those were from John McIntyre, Arthur Rigby and Ted Harper in his record-breaking season of 1925–26 when he found the net 43 times in 37 league games, a Rovers record that still stands today.
The meetings came to an end in the 1929–30 season when Burnley were relegated to Division 2. The two clubs would not meet again until Blackburn joined them in the second tier in 1935–36.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
8 September 1913 Burnley 1–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
1 January 1914 Blackburn Rovers 0–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
28 November 1914 Blackburn Rovers 6–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Dawson
Dawson
Dawson
Dawson Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
3 April 1915 Burnley 3–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
13 September 1919 Blackburn Rovers 2–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
20 September 1919 Burnley 3–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
15 January 1921 Burnley 4–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
22 January 1921 Blackburn Rovers 1–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
4 February 1922 Blackburn Rovers 3–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
11 February 1922 Burnley 1–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
21 October 1922 Burnley 3–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
28 October 1922 Blackburn Rovers 2–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
3 November 1923 Blackburn Rovers 1–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
10 November 1923 Burnley 1–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
13 September 1924 Burnley 3–5 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
17 January 1925 Blackburn Rovers 0–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
31 October 1925 Burnley 1–3 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 26181

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
13 March 1926 Blackburn Rovers 6–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 26991

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
16 October 1926 Blackburn Rovers 1–5 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 42000

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
5 March 1927 Burnley 3–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 24546

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
27 August 1927 Blackburn Rovers 2–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 32441

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
31 December 1927 Burnley 3–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 28351

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
20 October 1928 Burnley 2–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 35694

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
2 May 1929 Blackburn Rovers 1–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 5461

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
9 November 1929 Blackburn Rovers 8–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Groves
Groves
Groves Report Attendance: 22647

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
15 March 1930 Burnley 3–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 16673

1936–39[edit]
The teams met for the first time in the Second Division on 24 October 1936 in a rare goalless draw. Rovers won the return 3–1 and Jack Bruton scored against his old club in that game and at Ewood again in the next season. He remains the only man to have scored for both clubs against the other, having netted twice for Burnley against Rovers in the 1920s back in the Division One. Rovers won the Second Division Championship in 1938–39 and honours had ended even in their three-year sojourn of Second Division football when the Second World War arrived and the league was suspended between the 1939–40 seasons and 1945–46.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
24 October 1936 Burnley 0–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 32567

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
27 February 1937 Blackburn Rovers 3–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 18240

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
11 December 1937 Blackburn Rovers 3–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 15136

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
23 April 1938 Burnley 3–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 14139

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
15 October 1938 Burnley 3–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 29254

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
18 February 1939 Blackburn Rovers 1–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 30223

1947–48[edit]
Burnley won promotion when the league was restarted in 1946–47, when they also reached the FA Cup final, to give another season of First Division matches between the clubs. Burnley taking three of the four points was indicative of differing fortunes to come, with the Clarets consolidating their arrival in Division One by finishing third while Rovers were relegated.[7]
Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
18 October 1947 Blackburn Rovers 1–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report Attendance: 41635

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
6 March 1948 Burnley 0–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 44240

1958–66[edit]
It was to be another 11 years before Rovers last-gasp promotion bid in 1957–58 brought another unbroken eight years of competition in the top flight.
By this time a Burnley side, patiently developed on defensive principles, was beginning to find an attacking flair too and they won eight and drew three of the 16 meetings between the clubs in this period. It was particularly galling for the Ewood faithful to lose four years in a row at home, especially as it culminated in Rovers relegation in 1965–66.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
18 October 1958 Burnley 0–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
7 March 1959 Blackburn Rovers 4–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
17 October 1959 Blackburn Rovers 3–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
5 March 1960 Burnley 1–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
8 October 1960 Blackburn Rovers 1–4 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
25 February 1961 Burnley 1–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 29254

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
24 February 1962 Blackburn Rovers 2–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
17 April 1962 Burnley 0–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
6 October 1962 Blackburn Rovers 2–3 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
2 April 1963 Burnley 1–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
1 October 1963 Burnley 3–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
19 October 1963 Blackburn Rovers 1–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
10 October 1964 Burnley 1–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
24 February 1965 Blackburn Rovers 1–4 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
9 October 1965 Burnley 1–4 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
1 January 1966 Blackburn Rovers 0–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

1976–79[edit]
When Burnley were relegated in 1970–71 another meeting might have been on the cards, but Rovers went down to the Third Division in the same season and avoided the possibility. Burnley returned to the First Division two years later but upon relegation in 1975–76 they rejoined Rovers who had been promoted in 1974–75, in the Second Division for three years of matches.
Burnley definitely had the edge, winning four of the six matches, the popular midfielder Peter Noble scoring in four of the games. Rovers went down again at the end of the 1978–79 season, but bounced straight back while Burnley moved into the opposite direction entering the Third Division for the first time at the end of 1979–80.
Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
27 December 1976 Blackburn Rovers 2–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
8 April 1977 Burnley 3–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
26 December 1977 Burnley 2–3 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Morley
Noble pen' Report Wagstaffe
Fear
Brotherston

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
27 March 1978 Blackburn Rovers 0–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Cochrane

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
26 December 1978 Burnley 2–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
14 April 1979 Blackburn Rovers 1–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park

1982–83[edit]
Burnley won promotion at the second time of asking in 1981–82 to set up a renewal of the fixture. The games in 1982–83 would ultimately prove to be the last between them in the 20th century.
Rovers did the double over Burnley; Simon Garner was to play the part of hero/villain by scoring all Rovers three goals in the two games, two of which came from the penalty spot. It was left to Derek Scott to register the last league goal Burnley scored against Rovers for the next 26 years.
In the following 27 years both clubs had very different fortunes. Burnley were relegated to the Third division at the end of the 1982–83 season quickly followed by relegation to the Fourth division in the 1984–85 season. Both clubs would stay in their respective divisions until 1991–92 when Blackburn were promoted to the newly formed Premier league and Burnley were promoted to the third tier of English football which had been renamed Division 2. Burnley were promoted again in the 1993–94 season to the First Division but were relegated the following year. This season also saw Blackburn win the Premier League to further confound the Burnley fans misery.
Blackburn became the first and to this day only, Premier League winners to be relegated in the 1998–99 season and were joined by Burnley in Division One when they were promoted at the end of the 1999–2000 season.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
27 December 1982 Burnley 0–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Garner ??'

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
4 April 1983 Blackburn Rovers 2–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Garner ??', ??' Report Scott ??'

2000–01[edit]
The league meetings between the clubs occurred in the 2000–01 season when Rovers did the double over Burnley on their way to promotion to the Premiership.
The first meeting of the new millennium between them was at Turf Moor on 16 December. A very predictably bitter encounter went the way of Rovers with goals from Jason McAteer and Marcus Bent, Burnley’s chances ending with the sending off of Kevin Ball. There were a few unpleasant scenes after the game, which some media observers deemed a ‘riot’ and a throwback to earlier scenes of football violence 20 years ago or more.
Rovers made short work of Burnley, in the game at Ewood where the Clarets were cast as April fools, going down 5–0. Craig Short coming towards the end of his career, opened the scoring for Rovers and it was his cross that enabled them to double the advantage when Steve Davis turned the ball into his own net. Two second-half goals from Matt Jansen and a late Craig Hignett strike completed the scoring in the last league game between the clubs until 2009.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
17 December 2000 Burnley 0–2 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Mcateer 41'
Bent 84'

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
1 April 2001 Blackburn Rovers 5–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
12:00 Short 13'
Davis 27' (o.g.)
Jansen 55', 70'
Hignett 82' Report Referee: A Butler

2009–10[edit]
Following Burnley's Play-off success in 2009 they were promoted to the Premiership for the first time in their history. This meant that the two teams would meet in the top division of English football for the first time since January 1966. The match was built up in the press.
For the trip to Ewood Park, Burnley fans could only purchase match day tickets if they also bought coach ticket; they were forced to travel on designated buses which set off at 9am on the morning of the game for the 1 o'clock kickoff for only a 15-mile journey. The same arrangements were made for Rovers fans on their way to turf moor with fans being forced to travel on designated buses.
Robbie Blake gave Burnley an early lead but goals from David Dunn, Franco Di Santo and Pascal Chimbonda gave them a 3–1 half time lead. Chris Eagles got a very late consolation for Burnley but the bragging rights remain at Ewood. A large police presence including mounted officers, dog units and riot officers made a total of 30 arrests on the scene as violence erupted inside and outside the pub, adding up to the total figure of 55 arrests in the day, sealing the premises off in a bid to prevent the planned violence further erupting. Police described the violence as one of the worst cases of violence they had ever seen. After the game, football intelligence officers noticed fans moving in ones and twos away from the town centre, towards the Cherry Tree pub. As police resources were directed to the Station Hotel they allegedly came under attack from bottles and cans thrown from the beer garden. Some fans were told to leave the area and others were arrested at the time.[8]
Blackburn completed a double over their rivals when the two sides meet again in April 2010. David Dunn scored the only goal of the game from the penalty spot after Martin Olsson was judged to have been fouled, despite minimal contact with the Burnley player.
In the buildup to the match at Turf Moor, Blackburn player David Dunn said in the local newspaper that he hopes "Rovers thump Burnley 10–0", by then going on to say "I hope they stay up" this implying that he would like to keep the derby alive. After the game 150 seats in the away end were ripped up and the sinks in the toilets smashed with 42 arrests made involving both Rovers and Clarets fans, in and around the ground. Police were forced to use batons as fans from both sides tried to get at each other, this was not helped as rovers fans were allowed to drink in the stands due to a crush in the concourse causing bottles to be thrown at Burnley fans and vice versa,[9] an episode that has become too familiar with this fixture in recent times.
Blackburn Rovers 0–1 win over Burnley continues a 31-year run of Rovers dominance in the area. Burnley were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the season putting the East Lancashire Derby on hold until Blackburn's relegation to the Championship at the end of the 2011–12 season.
Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
18 October 2009 Blackburn Rovers 3–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
13:00 Dunn 9'
Di Santo 21'
Chimbonda 43' Report Blake 5'
Eagles 90+2' Attendance: 26,689
Referee: Chris Foy

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
28 March 2010 Burnley 0–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
12:00 Report Dunn 20' Attendance: 21,546
Referee: Mike Dean

2012–present[edit]
As Blackburn Rovers were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 2011–12 season, the East Lancashire derby took place in the Football League Championship for the first time since the name change (from First Division). The first fixture took place at Turf Moor on 2 December 2012. Unlike previous fixtures, the match received relatively low coverage by the media, although there was a large police presence at the game. Jordan Rhodes converted a Mauro Formica cross to give Rovers the lead 68 minutes in, a lead which was cancelled out by a late Sam Vokes header to salvage a point for the Clarets. It was Rovers however who salvaged a point in the reverse fixture on 17 March 2013, with David Dunn's 95th-minute equaliser cancelling out Jason Shackell's first half strike extending the Clarets' long wait for a victory over their rivals. Dunn's goal was the subject of much controversy in the aftermath of the match as replays showed he was clearly standing in an offside position. Although it was a number of yards offside, it was understandable how the referees assistant failed to give the decision. When the initial ball was played, Dunn was stood onside. However, as the ball traveled towards the Burnley box, Rovers midfielder Jason Lowe got a slight touch on the ball, flicking it on to Dunn, who had since moved into an offside position. Therefore, Dunn had received the ball in an offside position and the goal should have been disallowed. The referees assistant did not see Lowe's touch and therefore allowed the goal to stand.
Burnley had made the better start to the 2013–2014 season, finding themselves in a play-off place as the opening derby of the season approached, with Rovers lying in mid-table. The game was played on 14 September 2013 and, like previous fixtures, was a fiercely contested affair. Junior Stanislas crashed in what would go on to be voted the fans goal of the season on 76 minutes. Following a slick interchange with inform striker, Danny Ings, Stanislas crashed home a left footed shot from 25 yards, leaving the Burnley fans sensing a long-awaited victory. However, the lead lasted only 9 minutes as Rovers equalised in somewhat fortuitous fashion. A poor back-pass by Burnley's Scott Arfield was pounced upon by Jordan Rhodes off whom the ball deflected over goalkeeper, Tom Heaton, following an attempted clearance by Michael Duff. The game finished 1–1 and Rovers retaining the bragging rights with Burnley failing to record a victory in this fixture for over 35 years.
The last fixture between the sides came on Sunday 9 March 2014 at Ewood Park. Burnley were the form team going into the clash, sitting 2nd in the league, eight points ahead of 3rd placed Derby County. Rovers lay 10th, six points outside the play-offs. As expected, it was another tight affair, with the sides playing out a cagey first 20 minutes. Jordan Rhodes scored his third goal in this fixture on 24 minutes to give Rovers the lead. Rovers stayed in front until 73rd minute when Burnley equalised through captain Jason Shackell, who headed in a Ross Wallace free-kick. The visitors, buoyed by their equaliser, pushed for a long-awaited winner. It finally came as Wallace's initial effort was blocked by Adam Henley before Danny Ings got there ahead of teammate Ashley Barnes to find the net with his 25th goal of the season. The final whistle sparked raucous scenes among the Burnley fans at Ewood Park, who had celebrated ending their 35-year wait for a victory in this fixture.
Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
2 December 2012 Burnley 1–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
12:30 Vokes 89' Report Rhodes 68' Attendance: 21,341
Referee: Lee Mason

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
17 March 2013 Blackburn Rovers 1–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
12:30 Dunn 90+5' Report Shackell 32' Attendance: 20,735
Referee: Andy D'Urso

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
14 September 2013 Burnley 1–1 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
12:15 Stanislas 76' Report Rhodes 85' Attendance: 15,699
Referee: Craig Pawson

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
9 March 2014 Blackburn Rovers 1–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
12:30 Rhodes 24' Report Shackell 73'
Ings 79' Attendance: 21,589
Referee: Mike Dean

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
24 October 2015 Blackburn Rovers 0–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
12:30 Report Arfield 63' Attendance: 19,897
Referee: Keith Stroud

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
5 March 2016 Burnley 1–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
12:30 Gray 16' (pen.) Report

Burnley's promotion to the Premier League for 2014–15 paused the fixture, although subsequent relegation at the end of the 2014–15 season meant the East Lancashire derby resumed with 2 fixtures between the sides during the Football League Championship 2015–2016 season, both won by Burnley who are now unbeaten for eight seasons in the tie.
FA Cup[edit]
Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
8 March 1913 Blackburn Rovers 0–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
8 March 1952 Blackburn Rovers 3–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park

Report

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
28 March 1959 Blackburn Rovers 1–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
12 March 1960 Burnley 3–3 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Pilkington
Pointer
Connelly Report Douglas 71' (pen)
Dobing 74'
McGrath 86' Attendance: 51,501

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
16 March 1960 Blackburn Rovers 2–0 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
Dobing
MacLeod Report

Burnley v Blackburn Rovers
20 February 2005 Burnley 0–0 Blackburn Rovers
[show]Turf Moor
Report Attendance: 21,468
Referee: Mike Dean

Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
1 March 2005 Blackburn Rovers 2–1 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
19:45 Tugay 31'
Pedersen 86' Report Hyde 42' Attendance: 28,691
Referee: Howard Webb

League Cup[edit]
On 10 August 2017, the two sides were drawn against each other in the League Cup for the first time.
Blackburn Rovers v Burnley
23 August 2017 Blackburn Rovers 0–2 Burnley
[show]Ewood Park
[1] Cork 27'
Brady 45+4' Attendance: 16,313

Head To Head[edit]
As of 23 August 2017
Competition
Games
Played
Blackburn
Wins
Drawn
Games
Burnley
Wins
League 92 38 16 38
FA Cup 7 3 2 2
Pre-League Friendlies (pre-1888) 13 4 2 7
League Cup 1 0 0 1
Totals
113
45
20
48
Honours[edit]
Blackburn won their first honour in 1884 with victory in the FA Cup. Burnley's first honour came in 1914 by winning the FA Cup. Burnley are the smallest town to give birth to a professional FA Cup winning and finalist team.
Table correct as of 21 December 2017
Blackburn
Competition
Burnley
League
3 First Division / Premier League 2
1 Second Division / Championship 3
1 Third Division / League One 1
0 Fourth Division / League Two 1
5 Aggregate 7
Cup
6 FA Cup 1
1 League Cup 0
1 FA Community/Charity Shield 2*
0 Anglo-Scottish Cup (defunct) 1
1 Full Members' Cup (defunct) 0
9 Aggregate 4
14 Total Aggregate 11
^* Burnley shared 1960 FA Charity Shield with Wolverhampton Wanderers after match ended 2-2.
Crossing the divide[edit]
Nat
Player
Position
Blackburn Apps
Burnley Apps
Total
As of 14 March 2013
Jim Appleby Defender 2 1 3
Eric Binns Defender 23 15 38
Adam Blacklaw Goalkeeper 110 374 484
Jack Bruton Defender 344 176 520
Marshall Burke Midfielder 39 24 63
Andrew Cole Forward 83 13 96
Paul Comstive Midfielder 6 82 88
John Connelly Defender 163 260 423
Graham Coughlan Defender 0 2 2
Gordon Cowans Forward 50 6 56
Arthur Cunliffe Winger 129 9 138
Peter Devine Winger 8 56 64
David Hamilton Midfielder 114 15 129
Kevin Hird Midfielder 145 94 239
Lenny Johnrose Midfielder 42 85 127
David Jones Midfielder 12 82 94
Walter Joyce Wing half 120 70 190
Michael Keane Defender 13 11 24
Alan Mahon Midfielder 36 59 95
Andy Marriott Goalkeeper 2 15 17
David May Defender 123 35 158
Jay McEveley Defender 18 4 22
Keith Newton Defender 357 236 593
Bradley Orr Defender 30 4 34
Johnny Price Winger 76 21 97
Steven Reid Defender 113 7 120
Paul Robinson Goalkeeper 189 0 189
Roy Stephenson Outside Right 21 78 99
Cameron Stewart Winger 7 9 16
Andy Todd Defender 88 7 95
Keith Treacy Winger 12 24 36
Jack Bruton is the only man to score for both sides against the other. At Burnley, he managed to land 44 goals himself in 176 matches before Rovers broke their transfer record by paying £6,500 in December 1929. He did not take long repaying it, making 344 appearances for Blackburn, scoring 115 goals and also ending up managing the club for a short period after the war. His loss to the Turf Moor side could be glimpsed by the fact that they were relegated that season yet were in mid-table when he departed to Ewood. Bruton played 250 games in total for both clubs.[10]
Keith Newton, a left-back and a product of Rovers FA Youth Cup winning side of 1959 played 357 times for Blackburn before joining Everton in time to win a Championship medal in 1970. However, Burnley pounced in 1972 to obtain his services and it proved a very successful move into the transfer market as he was an ever-present in his first season which saw Burnley promoted to Division One. In all, he turned out in either a Rovers or Burnley shirt on a record number of 593 occasions in the league and cup.[10]
Another fullback to make the move from Turf Moor to Ewood via another club, Leeds this time, was Kevin Hird. Converted to a midfielder at Burnley, Hird – a lifelong Clarets supporter – was forgiven the Boxing Day goal he scored for Rovers against Burnley in 1978. He found the net 29 times at Burnley from midfield and appeared in 94 games for them to add to his 145 matches for Rovers.[10]
Three Burnley stalwarts of the 1950s and 60s, who all eventually found themselves down the road at Blackburn, were goalkeeper Adam Blacklaw, defender Walter Joyce and winger John Connelly. Blacklaw, a Scottish international, played 110 games for Rovers. Previously he had been a popular figure at Turf Moor where his figure of 374 league and cup games was bettered only by Alan Stevenson and Jerry Dawson, as far as goalkeepers were concerned. Connelly was bought by Rovers in 1966 when he joined them from Manchester United after obtaining another Championship winners medal to go with the one he secured at Turf Moor in 1960. In those earlier times he had often been the thorn in Rovers’ side, scoring five times against them in League and Cup in his total of 103 in 260 games for Burnley. His Rovers record was 39 goals in 163 matches. At his peak he played 20 times for England and was a member of Englands World Cup squad in 1966.[10]
In recent years a couple of Blackburn players have had loan spells at Burnley, these being Jay McEveley[11] and Andy Todd.[12] Ex Blackburn player Alan Mahon joined Burnley in 2006 although he had a spell at Wigan in between. Mahon's Blackburn debut came as an 89th Minute substitute in the Derby match at Turf Moor on 17 December 2000.[13] David May who played for Blackburn between 1988 and 1994, captained Burnley in his one season there in the 2003–04 season.[14] Whilst Andy Cole who signed for Blackburn for a club record £8 million in 2001[15] spent six months on loan from Sunderland at Turf Moor towards the end of his career in 2008.[16]
In June 2016, Owen Coyle agreed to become the new manager of Blackburn Rovers, thus becoming the first man to manage the two old rivals having taken charge of Burnley between 2007 and 2010.[17]
Appearances[edit]
P.
Player
Club
League
Cup
Total
As of 18 October 2009
1 Jerry Dawson Burnley 18 1 19
1 Ronnie Clayton Blackburn 15 4 19
3 John Angus Burnley 15 2 17
3 Bryan Douglas Blackburn 14 3 17
5 Adam Blacklaw Burnley 14 2 16
5 Brian Miller Burnley 13 3 16
5 Billy Bowes Burnley 16 0 16
8 Tom Brandon Blackburn 15 0 15
9 Mick McGrath Blackburn 11 3 14
9 Tom McLintock Burnley 14 0 14
9 Walter Place Burnley 14 0 14
9 Billy Watson Burnley 14 0 14
As far as appearances in local derbies go, the honours are shared between two highly respected players from each side.
The Burnley player with the most appearances is goalkeeper Jerry Dawson, who played between the Clarets sticks until past the age of 40, finally bowing out on Christmas Day 1928 at Turf Moor. Between 1913 and 1926 he faced the Rovers forwards on 19 occasions (18 league and one FA Cup).
The leading Blackburn player on the same score is Ronnie Clayton who amassed his total during the 1950s and 1960s playing 15 times in the League and four in the FA Cup.
The FA Cup figure is a record held between the clubs that he shares with his old adversary, Jimmy Adamson of Burnley.
Behind Dawson and Clayton comes Bryan Douglas with 17 (14 League and 3 FA Cup) and he is followed home by Burnley's Brian Miller with 16 (13 + 3).
Records[edit]
Most appearances: 19, Jerry Dawson (Burnley) and Ronnie Clayton (Blackburn)
Record goal scorer: 12, Jack Southworth
Highest attendance at Ewood Park: 53,839, 8 October 1960
Highest attendance at Turf Moor: 51,501, 5 March 1960
Highest Scoring Game:Blackburn 8–3 Burnley, 9 November 1929
Blackburn Largest Home win: 7–1, 3 November 1888
Burnley Largest Home win: 6–0, 18 April 1896
Blackburn Largest away win: 7–1, 26 October 1889
Burnley Largest away win: 5–1, 16 October 1926
Most consecutive League wins Blackburn: 6, (3 November 1888 – 22 November 1890 & 27 December 1982 – 28 March 2010)
Most consecutive League wins Burnley: 5 (3 April 1915 – 22 January 1921)
Longest undefeated run: 11 Blackburn (14 April 1979 – 9 March 2014)
Most goals scored by a player in a match: 4 Percy Dawson (Blackburn) 28 November 1914
Chart Showing Comparative History of Burnley FC & Blackburn Rovers FC.
Pranks[edit]
In the 1990–91 season Burnley lost in the Division 4 play offs to Torquay consigning them to another season in the lowest league in English football. After the match a plane flew over Turf Moor with a banner saying "Staying down forever luv Rovers Ha Ha Ha". This prank has largely been attributed to former Blackburn striker Simon Garner although he denies this, but does claim to know who was responsible.[18]
Burnley fans gained some revenge after Blackburn Rovers were beaten by the semi-pro Swedish team Trelleborgs FF in the UEFA Cup 1994, where Burnley fans changed a road sign to 'twin' Burnley with Trelleborg.[2]
Prior to the meeting in the Premier League in the 2009–10 season, Burnley fans snuck into Ewood Park and dressed up the statue of former Blackburn owner Jack Walker in a Burnley kit.[2] This led to retaliation by Blackburn fans a few days later when they scrawled graffiti and dressed a cone with a Blackburn shirt. Also, the Blackburn fans hung banners over motorway bridges, one reading "Your Mum’s Your Dad, Inbred Bastards", when Burnley fans were coached to Ewood.
Also at the match at Burnley 09–10 season Blackburn Rovers fans decided to wear Owen Coyle masks to wind the Burnley fans up as they called him the 'messiah' then change to 'judas' when he left to go Bolton.
In the lead up to the corresponding fixture in March 2010, police allegedly foiled a plot by Burnley fans to paint Blackburn midfielder David Dunn's house Claret & Blue.[19] On 7 May 2012 during Blackburn vs Wigan at Ewood Park, Burnley supporters arranged a plane to fly over Ewood Park which read – In Venky's we trust-Burnley SU. Blackburn lost this fixture 1–0 and were subsequently relegated from the Premier League.
At a Championship fixture at Ewood Park in 2014, Burnley beat their rivals for the first time in 35 years. Forty minutes into the first half, a plane flew overhead with a banner that read: ‘35yrs who cares? Venkys 4ever’.
In March 2015, the sponge inside a Blackburn Rovers logo birthday cake intended for a Blackburn fan was found inside to bear the colours of rivals Burnley, it was discovered the maker was a Burnley fan.[20] The prank received further coverage on an episode of Judge Rinder, with the Blackburn fan losing the case for compensation.
See also[edit]
Blackburn Rovers F.C.
Burnley F.C.
Major football rivalries
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hunter, Andy (18 October 2009). "Blackburn grab bragging rights over Burnley with cotton mill derby win". London: Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Walker, Michael (16 October 2009). "Blackburn Rovers v Burnley: Calm before the East Lancashire storm". London: Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ "1875–1884: The early years". Blackburn Rovers Official Website. 2 July 2007. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "England Players' Clubs - Chronological - Burnley". www.englandfootballonline.com. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "History of the Blackburn Rovers v Burnley derby: Part one". Lancashire Evening Telegraph. 7 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "No 13: Derby passion sees match abandoned". Lancashire Telegraph. 30 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "History of the Blackburn Rovers v Burnley derby: Part two". Lancashire Evening Telegraph. 8 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Chadderton, Sam (15 January 2010). "Nineteen Burnley fans charged after East Lancashire derby". Lancashire Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Andy (29 March 2010). "FA asks Burnley and Blackburn for accounts of derby crowd trouble". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Matthews, Martin (9 October 2009). "History of the Blackburn Rovers v Burnley derby: Part three". Lancashire Evening Telegraph.
Jump up ^ "Burnley borrow Mceveley". BBC. 11 December 2003. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ "Burnley snap up Rovers star". Sky Sports. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ "Alan Mahon". Sky Sports. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ "David May, what happened next?". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ Bruce-Ball, Jim (2001-12-29). "Blackburn sign Cole for £8m". London: telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ "Cole makes Burnley switch". Sky Sports. 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36433615
Jump up ^ Hunter, Andy (17 October 2009). "Fear and loathing on the M65 as Burnley head to Blackburn Rovers". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jump up ^ https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/chicken-pitch-during-blackburn-match-against-wigan-191856130.html
Jump up ^ Flanagan, Aaron (2015-03-17). "Blackburn Rovers fan gets birthday cake cruelly sabotaged by rival Burnley supporter". Retrieved 2016-09-20.
External links[edit]
Blackburn Rovers F.C. Official Club site
Burnley F.C. Official Club site
Soccerbase.com Head to Head Records
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Lancashire_derby&oldid=825137228"
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