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Money in the Bank ladder match
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For the pay-per-view event named after this match, see WWE Money in the Bank.
The 2009 Money in the Bank ladder match was fought at WrestleMania XXV
The 2011 Raw Money in the Bank ladder match
The Money in the Bank ladder match is a multi-person ladder match held by the professional wrestling promotion WWE. First contested at WWE's annual WrestleMania event beginning in 2005, a separate Money in the Bank pay-per-view was established in 2010.[1] The prize in the match is a briefcase containing a contract for a championship match, which can be "cashed in" by the holder of the briefcase at any point in the year following their victory. If the contract is not used within the year of winning it, it will be invalid, but this has yet to happen. From its inception until 2017, only ladder matches featuring male wrestlers occurred, with the contract being for a world championship match. Beginning with the 2017 event, women also have the opportunity to compete in the match, with their prize being for a women's championship match.
The first match was contested in 2005 at WrestleMania 21, after being invented by Chris Jericho.[1] At the time, it was exclusive to wrestlers of the Raw brand, and Edge won the inaugural match.[1] From then until 2010, the Money in the Bank ladder match, now open to all WWE brands, became a WrestleMania mainstay. 2010 saw a second and third Money in the Bank ladder match when the Money in the Bank pay-per-view debuted in July. Unlike the matches at WrestleMania, this new event featured two such ladder matches – one each for a contract for a WWE Championship match and a World Heavyweight Championship match, respectively.
Before the establishment of the annual Money in the Bank pay-per-view, wrestlers were allowed to use the contract to claim a match for any world championship in WWE. After the establishment of the pay-per-view, the Money in the Bank contracts were specifically aimed at one or the other championship. With the unification of the WWE and World Heavyweight titles into the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in December 2013, there was only a single briefcase/contract in play. This went into effect beginning at the 2014 Money in the Bank pay-per-view event.
The brand extension returned after the 2016 event along with a new world championship, the WWE Universal Championship, but the 2017 pay-per-view event was made a SmackDown-exclusive event where the winner of the namesake match earned a contract for a match for its world championship, the WWE Championship (formerly WWE World Heavyweight Championship). The 2017 event also featured the first-ever Women's Money in the Bank ladder match where the winner received a contract for a SmackDown Women's Championship match. Due to the controversy surrounding the win of that match, the first non-pay-per-view Money in the Bank ladder match occurred on the June 27 episode of SmackDown Live. The 2018 event will be dual branded, featuring both the Raw and SmackDown brands, and will have one men's match and one women's match.
Contents
[hide]
1 Concept
2 History
2.1 2005
2.2 2006
2.3 2007
2.4 2008
2.5 2009
2.6 2010
2.6.1 February–April
2.6.2 June–November
2.7 2011
2.8 2012
2.9 2013
2.10 2014
2.11 2015
2.12 2016
2.13 2017
2.14 2018
3 Matches
3.1 Record
3.2 Cash-in matches
3.2.1 Males
3.2.2 Females
3.3 Participant list
3.3.1 Males
3.3.2 Females
4 References
Concept[edit]
The Money in the Bank ladder match can feature anywhere from 5–10 participants, with the objective being to retrieve a briefcase that is suspended 20 feet above the ring. The match was originally only for male wrestlers until 2017 when women began to have their own ladder match.[1] The briefcase contains a contract that guarantees a match for a world championship, and beginning in 2017, a women's championship. Originally, wrestlers had the option between the WWE Championship and the World Heavyweight Championship, regardless of the brand the wrestler belonged to. In 2006, ECW's world title, the ECW Championship, became a third option until 2010 as in February that year, the ECW brand along with the title was deactivated. Beginning with the inaugural Money in the Bank pay-per-view in 2010, the event featured two ladder matches, one for the Raw brand and one for SmackDown; Raw's ladder match featured a contract for a WWE Championship match while SmackDown's contract was for a World Heavyweight Championship match. Although the brand extension ended after the 2011 event, a ladder match dedicated to each championship continued through the 2013 event. In December 2013, the titles were unified into the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. The next three years' events featured a sole ladder match with a contract guaranteeing a match for the unified title. The brand extension returned after the 2016 event. The WWE World Heavyweight Championship was reverted to WWE Championship and made exclusive to SmackDown while Raw established the WWE Universal Championship as their top title. Despite this, the 2017 event was made a SmackDown exclusive pay-per-view and the contract was for its world title. Also at the 2017 event, the first-ever Women's Money in the Bank ladder match occurred with its contract for a SmackDown Women's Championship match.[1][2] Although the 2017 event was brand-exclusive, the 2018 event will be dual branded, featuring both the Raw and SmackDown brands.
The primary gimmick of the Money in the Bank briefcase is that it can be cashed in at the holder's sole discretion, at literally any time on any WWE programming, unless the contract is brand specific. This enables the holder to take advantage of a moment's weakness in the champion, even if the champion had just finished a title defense for the night. This strategic use of the briefcase was popularized by Edge, the first Money in the Bank holder, who cashed it in at New Years Revolution in January 2006, immediately after defending champion John Cena had finished a grueling Elimination Chamber match against five other wrestlers. Because Cena was exhausted and barely able to defend himself, Edge made quick work of the champion, thus setting a powerful precedent for all Money in the Bank holders to come.
The contract is valid for one year and the briefcase holder – dubbed "Mr./Ms. Money in the Bank" – can cash in the contract at the date, place, and time of their choosing.[1][3] The briefcase may also be defended in matches, similar to how championships are defended. All of the briefcase holders have successfully defended and cashed in the contract except Mr. Kennedy.[4] John Cena, Damien Sandow, and Baron Corbin are the only Money in the Bank contract holders to cash in and fail to gain a championship. To date, Cena has had the contract cashed in against him the most (three times) as Edge, Rob Van Dam, and Damien Sandow have all cashed in against him. Cena was also involved in all instances where the championship failed to change hands after cashing in the contract, once as the challenger (which he won by DQ against CM Punk) and the second time as champion (defeating Sandow clean), and lastly as a distraction causing Corbin to lose to champion Jinder Mahal. Edge, Daniel Bryan, and Seth Rollins are the only Money in the Bank contract holders to be given a title shot for a championship without having cashed in the contract for the title shot (Edge won a championship tournament in 2005 on Raw to earn him a title match against Batista, Bryan faced then-World Heavyweight Champion Mark Henry in a steel cage match on a live Christmas episode of SmackDown in 2011, and Rollins received a title shot in a triple threat match, also involving Cena and champion Brock Lesnar, at the 2015 Royal Rumble).
History[edit]
2005[edit]
Edge was the first "Mr. Money in the Bank"
In WWE storyline, the concept for the Money in the Bank match was introduced in March 2005 by Chris Jericho. Jericho then pitched the idea to Raw general manager Eric Bischoff, who liked it and promptly began to book the match for WrestleMania 21. Edge won the inaugural match and held the contract until New Year's Revolution in January 2006. There, he cashed in his Money in the Bank contract against WWE Champion John Cena, who had just successfully defended the title in an Elimination Chamber match. Edge defeated Cena to become WWE Champion.
2006[edit]
The Money in the Bank idea was revived by Carlito on a February 2006 episode of Raw. Mr. McMahon approved the suggestion and set up qualifying matches for the match that would take place at WrestleMania 22. It was later announced that the match was to be interpromotional, and SmackDown general manager Theodore Long also set up qualifying matches to select three members of his roster to compete. In the Raw brand qualifying matches, Rob Van Dam defeated Trevor Murdoch, Shelton Benjamin defeated Chavo Guerrero, and Ric Flair defeated Carlito. On SmackDown!, Finlay defeated Bobby Lashley, Matt Hardy defeated Road Warrior Animal, and Bobby Lashley won a "last chance battle royal".
Rob Van Dam won the WrestleMania 22 Money in the Bank ladder match after pushing Shelton Benjamin and Matt Hardy off of a ladder, while he was on another ladder, and retrieving the briefcase. That April, he defended the contract and won the WWE Intercontinental Championship in a contract vs. title/winner take all match against Benjamin at Backlash. Van Dam announced in May 2006 that he would cash in his contract at One Night Stand against Cena in an Extreme Rules match. The match ended with Cena losing after Van Dam performed a Five Star Frog Splash. Van Dam is the first person to give prior notice to an opponent before cashing in his contract, presumably to ensure Cena appeared at the event. He is also the first person to win the title in a match where the contract was cashed in with prior notice.
2007[edit]
The third Money in the Bank ladder match was held at WrestleMania 23, and was the first to feature eight participants from Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW. Qualifying matches began on the February 19 episode of Raw.[5] On the February 19 episode of Raw, two former Money in the Bank winners (Edge and Rob Van Dam) faced off, with Edge earning a pinfall win to earn the first spot in the match.[6]
Mr. Kennedy became "Mr. Money in the Bank" at WrestleMania 23, but was unable to cash in the contract
The next night on ECW, another cross-brand match took place, with CM Punk defeating Johnny Nitro to qualify.[7] On that week's SmackDown!, King Booker defeated Kane in a Falls Count Anywhere match following interference from The Great Khali to become the third man to qualify.[8] On the following episode of Raw, Jeff Hardy defeated Shelton Benjamin to become the fourth man to qualify.[9] The next night on ECW, Mr. Kennedy defeated Sabu in an Extreme Rules match to earn the fifth spot.[10] Two qualifying matches took place on the next SmackDown!'s episode, with Matt Hardy defeating Joey Mercury, while Finlay won a triple threat match against Chris Benoit and Montel Vontavious Porter to qualify.[11] What was to be the final qualifying match on Raw between Carlito and Ric Flair, it was deemed to be a no contest when The Great Khali interfered and attacked both men.[12] The match was rescheduled for the next week on Raw, with Randy Orton bribing his way into the match, which was to be a triple threat elimination match that Orton won by pinning both Carlito and Flair after performing an RKO on each of them.[13] Edge and Orton had recently stopped teaming together, and there was a lot of tension between them as they both attempted to get the other taken out of the Money in the Bank ladder match; both failed, as Edge ultimately won a "last chance battle royal" after feigning injury to retain his slot.[14] Orton was forced to fight Bobby Lashley on ECW to retain his spot, which he did.[15]
Kennedy ultimately won at WrestleMania 23, after ramming Punk off the ladder using another ladder (Edge had been taken out earlier by Jeff Hardy).[16] During the next few weeks, Kennedy kept declaring that he would cash in the briefcase at WrestleMania XXIV, but he suffered a legit injury, and on the May 7, 2007 episode of Raw, he lost the Money in the Bank briefcase to Edge. Kennedy is currently the only wrestler to lose the briefcase without cashing it in. The following night at the taping for the May 11, 2007 SmackDown!, episode World Heavyweight Champion The Undertaker and Batista fought to a draw in a steel cage match, after which a returning Mark Henry assaulted Undertaker and left him injured in the ring. As Henry was leaving, Edge came to the ring with his briefcase, handed it to referee Jim Korderas, and defeated the Undertaker after one spear to win the World Heavyweight Championship for the first time.
2008[edit]
CM Punk – the only two-time Money in the Bank ladder match winner
The fourth Money in the Bank ladder match took place at WrestleMania XXIV and was intended to be another eight-man match-up, consisting of wrestlers from Raw, SmackDown, and ECW. Qualifying matches began on the February 18 episode of Raw, as both Jeff Hardy and Mr. Kennedy qualified by defeating Snitsky[17] and Val Venis, respectively, in singles matches.[17] On the February 22 episode of SmackDown, Shelton Benjamin qualified by defeating Jimmy Wang Yang in another singles match.[18] Back on Raw, general manager William Regal placed Chris Jericho in a match against Jeff Hardy with the stipulation that if Jericho won, he would be in the ladder match. Jericho defeated Hardy in that match on February 25.[19] The following week on Raw, the two faced off once again, this time for Hardy's WWE Intercontinental Championship. Jericho won the match and title, and it was revealed that Hardy was suspended from WWE for 60 days for violating the wellness policy.[20] Hardy was subsequently removed from the Money in the Bank ladder match and WrestleMania altogether, making this ladder match a seven-man contest. Also on this episode of Raw, Carlito defeated Cody Rhodes to qualify.[21] On a SmackDown/ECW live event on March 9, United States Champion Montel Vontavious Porter defeated Jamie Noble to qualify.[22] On the March 11 episode of ECW, CM Punk defeated Big Daddy V to qualify.[23] On the March 14 episode of SmackDown, John Morrison defeated his tag team partner The Miz to be the last man to qualify.[24]
Punk won the WrestleMania XXIV match after trapping Jericho's leg in a ladder and then climbing the ladder. Punk cashed in his title shot on the June 30 episode of Raw. A farewell speech by Jim Ross was interrupted by then-World Heavyweight Champion Edge who had him removed from the ring and then began to insult the crowd, saying that they would never get to see a world championship being defended on Raw (as at the time both Edge and WWE Champion Triple H were members of the SmackDown brand and the ECW Championship was on the ECW brand after Mark Henry defeated then champion Kane of Raw and Big Show of Smackdown at Night of Champions (2008) in a triple threat match to win the title). When he was about to leave the arena, Batista came out and assaulted Edge in retaliation for Edge cheating to win their title match the previous night at Night of Champions. Punk then immediately ran to the ring with a referee to cash in his contract, then performed a Go to Sleep on Edge to win the World Heavyweight Championship, making it Raw-exclusive in the process.
2009[edit]
The fifth annual Money in the Bank ladder match was announced for WrestleMania XXV. Qualifying matches began on the February 23 episode of Raw, in which CM Punk qualified by defeating John Morrison and The Miz in a triple threat match.[25] On the March 2 episode of Raw, Kane defeated Mike Knox and Rey Mysterio in another triple threat match.[26] On the March 3 episode of ECW on Sci Fi, Mark Henry qualified for the match by defeating Santino Marella.[27] Both Montel Vontavious Porter and Shelton Benjamin qualified for the match on the March 6 episode of SmackDown, defeating Matt and Jeff Hardy in respective single matches.[28] On the March 9 episode of Raw, Kofi Kingston qualified by defeating Chris Jericho, after Jericho was distracted by Ric Flair.[29] Christian qualified the following night on ECW on Sci Fi by winning a tri-brand battle royal.[30] Finlay was the final person to qualify for the match when he defeated The Brian Kendrick on the March 13 episode of SmackDown.[31]
At WrestleMania XXV, Punk won the match and became the first wrestler to win two Money in the Bank ladder matches, and the only one to win the match for two consecutive years.[32] On the May 1 episode of SmackDown, Punk challenged the World Heavyweight Champion Edge for a non-title match with the intent that if he defeated Edge, he would cash in his title shot right after the match. Later that night, Punk defeated Edge and attempted to cash in. However, before the ringside bell could ring to start the title match, Punk and Edge were both attacked by Umaga and Jeff Hardy respectively. As a consequence, the match never started and Punk retained his contract.[33] Punk again tried to cash in for a World Heavyweight Championship match against Edge on the May 15 episode of SmackDown, but was again stopped by Umaga.[34] After Jeff Hardy defeated Edge in a ladder match to win the World Heavyweight Championship at Extreme Rules, Punk cashed in to win the World Heavyweight Championship for the second time. As a result of the fans booing him for cashing on Hardy, who was very popular with the fans, Punk began a gradual change of character into a villain.[35]
2010[edit]
February–April[edit]
Jack Swagger won the sixth Money in the Bank ladder match
On the February 22 episode of Raw, it was announced that the sixth annual Money in the Bank ladder match would take place at WrestleMania XXVI. The first qualifying match was held later that night, where Christian defeated Carlito to qualify.[36] Three more qualifying matches were held on the February 26 episode of SmackDown, with Dolph Ziggler defeating John Morrison and R-Truth in a Triple Threat match, Kane defeating Drew McIntyre, and Shelton Benjamin defeating CM Punk to qualify.[37] The March 1 episode of Raw saw both Jack Swagger and Montel Vontavious Porter qualify by defeating Santino Marella and Zack Ryder respectively.[38] Matt Hardy was the next to qualify for the match when he defeated Drew McIntyre on the March 5 episode of SmackDown.[39] In what was initially declared as the final qualifying match, Evan Bourne defeated William Regal on the March 8 episode of Raw to become the eighth competitor.[40] Due to his favorable association with WWE Chairman Mr. McMahon, McIntyre was given a third chance on the March 12 episode of SmackDown to qualify for the match. In what would also be made a WWE Intercontinental Championship defense by SmackDown general manager Theodore Long, McIntyre defeated local competitor Aaron Bolo to qualify.[41] On the March 22 episode of Raw, the number of participants was once again increased to a record ten, when Kofi Kingston defeated Vladimir Kozlov to qualify.[42]
At WrestleMania XXVI, Jack Swagger won the match after knocking Christian off a ladder with the briefcase itself.[43] The following night on Raw, Swagger attempted to cash in his shot against the WWE Champion John Cena after ambushing Cena. However, as Cena recovered too quickly from the ambush, Swagger cancelled his match and retained his contract.[44] The next night, at the taping for the April 2, 2010 episode of SmackDown, after Edge attacked then World Heavyweight Champion Chris Jericho, Swagger cashed in his contract and successfully claimed the World Heavyweight Championship.
June–November[edit]
The Miz won Raw's Money in the Bank ladder match in July 2010
In February 2010, WWE announced that "Money in the Bank" would be the title to their July 18 pay-per-view event at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri.[45] The event included two Money in the Bank ladder matches featuring the Raw and SmackDown brands respectively. Unlike previous iterations of the match, the winners could only challenge for their own brand's World Championship.[46] All eight competitors for the Raw brand's match were announced on the June 28 episode of Raw by guest host Rob Zombie. The eight competitors were Randy Orton, The Miz, R-Truth, Chris Jericho, Evan Bourne, Ted DiBiase, John Morrison and Edge. On the July 5th episode of Raw, R-Truth was involved in an injury storyline with The Miz and was subsequently removed from the match and replaced by Mark Henry.[47] Two days later, WWE announced six of the competitors for the SmackDown brand's match through its official website: Matt Hardy, Kane, Cody Rhodes, Christian, Kofi Kingston and Big Show. On the July 9 episode of SmackDown, Drew McIntyre and Dolph Ziggler both competed in qualifying matches and were added to the match.[48]
At the PPV, Kane won the SmackDown Money in the Bank match. Kane later cashed it in the same night by defeating Rey Mysterio to win the World Heavyweight Championship. He also became the quickest man to cash in the briefcase. For Raw, The Miz won that brand's Money in the Bank contract. After a couple of aborted attempts (which due to the bell not sounding to start the matches, allowed Miz to keep the briefcase on said occasions), Miz finally cashed in his title opportunity on the November 22, 2010 episode of Raw, immediately after Randy Orton successfully retained the WWE Championship against Wade Barrett in which The Nexus attacked Orton before the match and injured his right leg. Miz defeated Orton to win his first WWE Championship.
2011[edit]
The second Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place on July 17, 2011 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. Raw's Alberto Del Rio and SmackDown's Daniel Bryan won their respective brands' 2011 Money in the Bank Ladder Match. At the end of the night, after CM Punk won the WWE Championship from John Cena, Mr. McMahon ordered Del Rio to come in and attempt to cash in his briefcase against Punk. (Punk had threatened to leave the company after the pay-per-view, as his contract was expiring.) Del Rio came out to do so, but Punk attacked him and fled through the crowd. A similar cash-in attempt was performed on then-champion Rey Mysterio on the July 25, 2011 episode of Raw, but Del Rio was again unable to cash in the briefcase. However, Del Rio was able to cash in his briefcase and defeated CM Punk for the WWE Championship at SummerSlam on August 14, 2011.
On the July 22, 2011 episode of SmackDown, Daniel Bryan announced that he was going to cash his contract in at WrestleMania XXVIII. On the November 25, 2011 episode of SmackDown, Daniel Bryan cashed in on World Heavyweight Champion Mark Henry, who had been knocked out by The Big Show. Bryan got the pinfall victory and was awarded the championship, however SmackDown General Manager Theodore Long overruled the match due to Henry not being medically cleared to compete, the first time a Money in the Bank cash-in match was reversed. Since the match never officially took place, Bryan was given the briefcase back and again reiterated that he planned on cashing in at WrestleMania XXVIII, although he was given a shot at the World Heavyweight Championship against Henry in a Steel Cage match on a live holiday-themed episode of SmackDown the following Tuesday, which Bryan lost. On December 18, 2011 at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, after Big Show defeated Henry to win the World Heavyweight Championship, Henry attacked Big Show with a steel chair, allowing Bryan to cash in his briefcase on Big Show to win his first World Heavyweight Championship.
2012[edit]
Dolph Ziggler with AJ Lee, who is holding his Money in the Bank briefcase for the World Heavyweight Championship
The third Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place on July 15, 2012 at the US Airways Center in Phoenix, Arizona. There were the usual two Money in the Bank ladder matches; however, the matches were no longer separated by brands (as both Raw and SmackDown by this time had become full roster "Supershows"). Instead, they were separated by Championship (WWE and World Heavyweight).[49][unreliable source]
In the first match of the night Dolph Ziggler defeated seven other competitors to win the World Heavyweight Championship contract Money in the Bank ladder match. He attempted to cash it in on that same night for a title shot against Sheamus but was attacked before the referee could call for the bell so he retained his contract.
On the August 20 episode of Raw, Ziggler successfully defended his briefcase against Chris Jericho in career vs. contract match. As a result, Jericho was forced to leave WWE.
In the last match of the evening, John Cena defeated Kane, The Big Show, The Miz, and Chris Jericho to win the WWE Championship Money in the Bank briefcase in his first Money in the Bank ladder match. A special stipulation had been added before hand that only former WWE Champions could participate in the WWE Championship Money in the Bank ladder match for 2012. Cena won when the briefcase's handle snapped off while using it against Big Show, having previously blocked Show's KO Punch with it.
On the July 16, 2012 episode of Raw, Cena announced that he would cash his contract in the following week at Raw 1000. He became only the second wrestler after Rob Van Dam to give prior notice to the opponent. At Raw 1000, Cena failed to win the WWE Title when Big Show interfered in the match, causing champion CM Punk to be disqualified and retain the title (as championships don't change hands on disqualifications). This made Cena the first Money in the Bank winner to fail to win a title.
During the December 3, 2012, episode of Raw, managing supervisor Vickie Guerrero was forced by Mr. McMahon to make Cena and Ziggler's match at TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs a ladder match for Ziggler's World Heavyweight Championship Money in the Bank contract. On December 16, at the event, he successfully defended the briefcase with help from AJ Lee.
On April 8, 2013, an episode of Raw, Ziggler cashed in his contract on World Champion Alberto Del Rio, following Del Rio's handicap match win over Jack Swagger and Zeb Colter. Ziggler defeated Del Rio to win his second World Heavyweight Championship following nearly nine months of holding the briefcase.
2013[edit]
A fourth Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place on July 14, 2013 at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There was the traditional two Money in the Bank ladder matches – one for a WWE Championship contract, and the other for a World Heavyweight Championship contract.
On the June 24, 2013 episode of Raw, CM Punk, Daniel Bryan, Randy Orton, Sheamus, Christian, Kane, and Rob Van Dam were announced by WWE Chief Brand Officer Stephanie McMahon as the participants in the WWE Championship contract match. Kane was later removed after being injured due to an attack by The Wyatt Family on the July 8th episode of Raw. Orton went on to win the contract at the PPV.
At the tapings for SmackDown on June 25 (aired June 28), SmackDown Senior Advisor Theodore Long announced that the participants in the World Heavyweight Championship contract match would be WWE United States Champion Dean Ambrose, Fandango, Antonio Cesaro, Jack Swagger, Wade Barrett, Cody Rhodes and Damien Sandow. Sandow won the contract at the PPV.
At SummerSlam, Orton cashed in his contract on WWE Champion Daniel Bryan, who had defeated John Cena to win the championship. Orton defeated Bryan to win his seventh WWE Championship, after WWE COO Triple H, who was the special guest referee between Bryan and Cena, attacked Bryan with a pedigree, following five weeks of holding the briefcase.
On the October 28, 2013, episode of Raw, Sandow cashed in his contract on World Heavyweight Champion John Cena. Cena defeated Sandow, making Sandow the second wrestler to unsuccessfully cash in the contract and the first to lose a cash-in match via pinfall.
On December 15, 2013 at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, the WWE and World Heavyweight Championships were unified into the WWE World Heavyweight Championship.
2014[edit]
A fifth Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place on Sunday, June 29, 2014, at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. The original plan for the event was that the winner of the ladder match would receive a contract for a match for the now unified title as normal. However, on June 9, defending WWE World Heavyweight Champion Daniel Bryan was forced to vacate the title due to a neck injury, and so the already announced ladder match (consisting of John Cena, Randy Orton, Alberto Del Rio, Bray Wyatt, Cesaro, Sheamus, Kane and Roman Reigns) became for the vacant championship instead.
Seth Rollins cashing in his Money in the Bank contract at WrestleMania 31
On the June 17 episode of Main Event, Seth Rollins announced that in addition to the ladder match for the title, there would be a traditional Money in the Bank ladder match for a WWE World Heavyweight Championship contract at the PPV, and that Rollins would be the first entrant.[50] Further entrants were Bad News Barrett, Dolph Ziggler, Rob Van Dam, Jack Swagger, Kofi Kingston and Dean Ambrose. The latter, who had threatened to disrupt the match, was added to the match on Rollins' request. Bad News Barrett was later removed from the match due to an injury.
Seth Rollins won the match and the contract after Kane interfered on behalf of The Authority and knocked Dean Ambrose off the ladder. He attempted to cash in the following night on new champion John Cena, but was stopped from doing so by Ambrose. Rollins once again failed to cash in his Money in the Bank briefcase, this time against WWE World Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar at Night of Champions after attacking him with a curb stomp. This failed attempt to cash in came after John Cena attacked Rollins, before the bell could be rung, due to Rollins costing Cena the championship minutes earlier.
At WrestleMania 31, Seth Rollins cashed in his briefcase during the main event championship match between defending champion Brock Lesnar and challenger Roman Reigns. By doing so, he turned the singles match between Lesnar and Reigns into a Triple Threat match. Rollins then proceeded to pin Reigns following a curb stomp and successfully captured the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. As a result, Rollins set various records: first, Rollins became the first person to cash in a contract while a championship match was in progress. He also became the first person to successfully cash in to win the then unified WWE World Heavyweight Championship. He became the first person to cash in his briefcase at WrestleMania. He also became the first to win the championship after cashing in without pinning the champion.
2015[edit]
On June 14, 2015, the sixth annual Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place in Columbus, Ohio. Dolph Ziggler, Sheamus, Kofi Kingston, Neville, Roman Reigns, Randy Orton and Kane participated in the traditional Money in the Bank ladder match. Sheamus won the match and received a WWE World Heavyweight Championship contract.
At Survivor Series, Sheamus cashed in his contract by defeating Roman Reigns, who had just won the vacant championship after defeating Dean Ambrose in the tournament finals.[51]
2016[edit]
On June 19, the seventh annual Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place in Las Vegas. For the traditional Money in the Bank ladder match, Sami Zayn, Kevin Owens, Cesaro, Chris Jericho, Alberto Del Rio, and Dean Ambrose all won their qualifying matches on the May 23 episode of Raw to become entrants into the match. Originally slated to be a 7-man ladder match, the seventh slot was later removed. Ambrose won the match and received a WWE World Heavyweight Championship contract. After the conclusion of the main event, he cashed in the contract to challenge Seth Rollins, who had just won the title against Roman Reigns, and become WWE World Heavyweight Champion, thus making him the second wrestler after Kane to successfully cash in the contract on the same night as winning it.
2017[edit]
The winner of the first women's Money in the Bank ladder match, Carmella with the briefcase
The 2017 Money in the Bank pay-per-view took place on June 18, 2017 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri as a SmackDown brand exclusive event. For the traditional ladder match, which had a contract for a match for SmackDown's WWE Championship, SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon announced AJ Styles, Shinsuke Nakamura, Dolph Ziggler, Sami Zayn, and Baron Corbin as the original five participants. United States Champion Kevin Owens was added after he convinced Shane to make him the sixth participant. Mojo Rawley had the opportunity to make it a seven-man match if he could defeat WWE Champion Jinder Mahal, but failed to do so. At the event, Baron Corbin won the match and received a WWE Championship match contract. On the August 15, 2017 episode of SmackDown Live, John Cena had a non-title match against WWE Champion Jinder Mahal. As Cena was pinning Mahal, Corbin attacked him, causing a disqualification. Corbin then cashed in his Money in the Bank contract on Mahal, but as soon as the bell rung, he attacked Cena, who was on the apron, allowing Mahal to quickly roll-up Corbin for the win. This made Corbin the third wrestler to unsuccessfully cash in the contract and the second to lose a cash-in match.
On the May 30 episode of SmackDown Live, another Money in the Bank ladder match was added to the event, and for the first time, involving women. Charlotte Flair, Becky Lynch, Natalya, Carmella, and Tamina were originally scheduled to compete in a fatal five-way elimination match on that night to determine the number one contender for the SmackDown Women's Championship against Naomi at Money in the Bank. Before their match could begin, a brawl broke out between the five and the match never occurred. McMahon then scheduled the five to compete in the first-ever women's Money in the Bank ladder match at the event where the winner would receive a contract for a SmackDown Women's Championship match. Carmella won the match after James Ellsworth retrieved the briefcase, and threw it to her. On the following episode of SmackDown Live, however, SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan forced Carmella to relinquish the briefcase since Ellsworth retrieved it for her.[52] On that same episode, Bryan also scheduled a Money in the Bank ladder match rematch for the June 27 episode with Ellsworth banned from ringside (later from the arena). That episode, Carmella, with some aid from the banned Ellsworth, retrieved the briefcase herself and reclaimed the SmackDown Women's Championship match contract. On the April 10, 2018 episode of SmackDown Live, after holding the contract for 287 days (the longest time any wrestler has held on to a Money in the Bank briefcase), Carmella cashed in and defeated Charlotte Flair—who had just suffered an attack from the debuting The IIconics (Peyton Royce and Billie Kay)—for the SmackDown Women's Championship.
2018[edit]
The 2018 Money in the Bank pay-per-view will take place on June 17, 2018, at the Allstate Arena in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont, Illinois.[53] For the first time since 2011, the event will be dual-branded, featuring both the Raw and SmackDown brands. Instead of having four ladder matches, one each for the top male and female championship of each brand, the event will have one male match and one female match. The contracts will grant the winners a match for the world championship of their respective brand. The men's contract will grant the winner a match for either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship, while the women's contract will grant the winner a Raw Women's Championship or SmackDown Women's Championship match.
Both the men's and women's ladder matches will have eight participants, evenly divided between the two brands. Qualification matches for both ladder matches began on the May 7 episode of Raw. For the men's match, Braun Strowman, Finn Bálor, Bobby Roode, and Kevin Owens qualified from Raw, while The Miz, Rusev, a member of The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, or Xavier Woods), and Samoa Joe qualified from SmackDown. For the women's match, Ember Moon, Alexa Bliss, Natalya, and Sasha Banks qualified from Raw, while Charlotte Flair, Becky Lynch, Lana, and Naomi qualified from SmackDown.
Matches[edit]
Raw Brand SmackDown Brand
Year
Event
Prize
Winner
Other competitors
Time
2005 WM 21 World Heavyweight Championship match Edge Chris Benoit, Chris Jericho, Shelton Benjamin, Kane, and Christian 15:17
In the 2005 WWE draft, World Heavyweight Champion Batista was drafted to SmackDown and WWE Champion John Cena was drafted to Raw, thus enabling Edge to challenge for the WWE Championship instead.[54]
Successfully defended his contract in a Ladder match against Matt Hardy at WWE Homecoming on the October 3, 2005 episode of Raw.
Edge held the contract for 280 days.
2006 WM 22 Winner's brand's world championship match Rob Van Dam Matt Hardy, Shelton Benjamin, Ric Flair, Finlay, and Bobby Lashley 12:14[55]
Successfully defended his contract against Shelton Benjamin at Backlash in a contract vs championship winner take all match on April 30, 2006, winning Benjamin's Intercontinental Championship in the process.[56]
Van Dam is the first person to choose the event where he cashed in the contract and the first person to win a title in a match where opponent was given prior notice to the cashing in of the contract.
Van Dam held the contract for 70 days.
2007 WM 23 Any world championship match Mr. Kennedy Edge, Jeff Hardy, CM Punk, King Booker, Finlay, Matt Hardy, and Randy Orton 19:10[57]
Lost his contract in a match against Edge on the May 7, 2007 episode of Raw.[4]
Mr. Kennedy held the contract for 36 days.
As a result of the switch, Edge became a member of the SmackDown brand, marking the first time this occurred.
Edge held the contract for 1 day. (4 days according to WWE, due to the episode of WWE SmackDown airing on tape delay.)
2008 WM XXIV Any world championship match CM Punk Mr. Kennedy, Chris Jericho, Shelton Benjamin, Carlito, John Morrison, and Montel Vontavious Porter 15:12[58]
As a result of the cash-in, the World Heavyweight Championship transferred back to Raw, marking the first (and only) time this occurred.
CM Punk held the contract for 92 days.
2009 WM XXV Any world championship match CM Punk Christian, Shelton Benjamin, Kane, Finlay, Montel Vontavious Porter, Kofi Kingston, and Mark Henry 14:32
CM Punk held the contract for 63 days.
CM Punk was the first back-to-back Money in the Bank contract winner.
2010 WM XXVI Any world championship match Jack Swagger Shelton Benjamin, Christian, Kane, Matt Hardy, Drew McIntyre, Kofi Kingston, Evan Bourne, Montel Vontavious Porter, and Dolph Ziggler 13:44
Swagger becomes second MITB winner to switch brands after cashing in his contract.
Swagger held the contract for 2 days. (5 days according to WWE, due to the episode of WWE SmackDown airing on tape delay.)
Money in the Bank World Heavyweight Championship match Kane Christian, Matt Hardy, Big Show, Dolph Ziggler, Kofi Kingston, Drew McIntyre, and Cody Rhodes 26:18
Kane held the contract for 49 minutes. He was the first wrestler to cash in the contract on the same night as winning it.
Kane is the fastest wrestler to cash the money in the bank contract.
Money in the Bank WWE Championship match The Miz Randy Orton, Chris Jericho, Edge, John Morrison, Evan Bourne, Ted DiBiase, and Mark Henry 20:26
The Miz held the contract for 127 days.
2011 Money in the Bank World Heavyweight Championship match Daniel Bryan Wade Barrett, Kane, Cody Rhodes, Sheamus, Sin Cara, Justin Gabriel, and Heath Slater 24:27
His first cash-in and win against Mark Henry was nullified. This marks the first time that a successful cash-in was reverted.
Bryan held the contract for 154 days.
Money in the Bank WWE Championship match Alberto Del Rio The Miz, Rey Mysterio, Jack Swagger, R-Truth, Kofi Kingston, Evan Bourne, and Alex Riley 15:54
Del Rio held the contract for 28 days.
2012 Money in the Bank World Heavyweight Championship match Dolph Ziggler Cody Rhodes, Damien Sandow, Christian, Tyson Kidd, Sin Cara, Tensai, and Santino Marella 18:23
Successfully defended his contract against Chris Jericho on the August 20, 2012 episode of Raw in a career vs contract match.
Successfully defended his contract in a Ladder match against John Cena at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs.[59]
Ziggler held the contract for 267 days.
Money in the Bank WWE Championship match John Cena Chris Jericho, The Miz, Kane, and Big Show 20:15
Cena is the first wrestler to not win a world championship in a cash-in match. He is also the second wrestler to announce when he was going to cash it in.
Cena held the contract for 8 days.
2013 Money in the Bank World Heavyweight Championship match Damien Sandow Cody Rhodes, Wade Barrett, Dean Ambrose, Jack Swagger, Fandango, and Antonio Cesaro 16:24
Second Money in the Bank winner to fail to win a world championship in a cash-in match.
First wrestler to cleanly lose a cash-in match
Sandow held the contract for 106 days
Money in the Bank WWE Championship match Randy Orton CM Punk, Daniel Bryan, Christian, Sheamus, and Rob Van Dam 28:38
Orton held the contract for 35 days.
2014 Money in the Bank WWE World Heavyweight Championship match Seth Rollins Kofi Kingston, Dolph Ziggler, Jack Swagger, Rob Van Dam, and Dean Ambrose 23:10
Rollins held the contract for 273 days.
Rollins is the first to cash in at WrestleMania, the first to win the championship after cashing in without pinning the champion and the first to cash in while a championship match was in progress.
2015 Money in the Bank WWE World Heavyweight Championship match Sheamus Dolph Ziggler, Kane, Kofi Kingston, Neville, Randy Orton, and Roman Reigns 20:50
Sheamus held the contract for 161 days.
2016 Money in the Bank WWE World Heavyweight Championship match Dean Ambrose Sami Zayn, Cesaro, Chris Jericho, Kevin Owens, and Alberto Del Rio 21:38
Ambrose held the contract for 57 minutes. Ambrose was the second wrestler to cash in the contract on the same night as winning it.
Ambrose was the third winner to announce that he would cash in the contract in advance, albeit without a set date and before he had won the ladder match to collect the contract.
2017 Money in the Bank WWE SmackDown Women's Championship match Carmella Becky Lynch, Charlotte Flair, Natalya, and Tamina 13:20
This was the first Women's Money in the Bank ladder match.
Carmella held the contract for 2 days.
SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan stripped Carmella of the briefcase two days after the event because of interference by Carmella's manager James Ellsworth, who retrieved the briefcase for Carmella and dropped it to her. A rematch was scheduled for the June 27 episode of SmackDown Live.
Money in the Bank WWE Championship match Baron Corbin AJ Styles, Dolph Ziggler, Kevin Owens, Sami Zayn, and Shinsuke Nakamura 29:45
Third Money in the Bank winner to fail to win a world championship in a cash-in match and the second to cleanly lose a cash-in match.
Corbin held the contract for 58 days.
SmackDown Live WWE SmackDown Women's Championship match Carmella Becky Lynch, Charlotte Flair, Natalya, and Tamina 24:00
This was a rematch ordered by SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan after he stripped Carmella of the briefcase following the controversial finish at the Money in the Bank PPV. As a result of his actions during the original match, James Ellsworth was banned from the arena, though Ellsworth still interfered in the match on Carmella's behalf.
This was the first Money in the Bank ladder match to not air on pay-per-view, as well as the first to take place on SmackDown.
Carmella held the contract for 287 days, which is the longest of any wrestler to hold the contract.
2018 Money in the Bank World championship match TBD Braun Strowman, Finn Bálor, The Miz, Rusev, Bobby Roode, Kevin Owens, one member of The New Day, Samoa Joe. TBD
Money in the Bank Women's championship match TBD Ember Moon, Charlotte Flair, Alexa Bliss, Becky Lynch, Natalya, Lana, Naomi, and Sasha Banks TBD
Record[edit]
Championship
Successful cash-ins
Attempts
%
WWE (World Heavyweight) Championship 8 10 .800
World Heavyweight Championship 7 8 .875
WWE SmackDown Women's Championship 1 1 1.000
Total 16 19 .842
Cash-in matches[edit]
Won match and title Won match but not title Lost match
Males[edit]
No.
Case Holder
Championship
Date
Location
Event
Results
01 !1 Edge WWE Championship January 8, 2006 Albany, NY New Year's Revolution Edge defeated John Cena after two Spears to win the championship following Cena's victory in an Elimination Chamber match
02 !2 Rob Van Dam WWE Championship June 11, 2006 New York, NY ECW One Night Stand Van Dam defeated John Cena in an Extreme Rules match after an attack by Edge and a Five-Star Frog Splash to win the championship
03 !3 Edge World Heavyweight Championship May 8, 2007 (aired May 11, 2007) Pittsburgh, PA SmackDown! Edge defeated The Undertaker after a Spear to win the championship after Undertaker went to a draw in a steel cage match with Batista and was attacked by Mark Henry
04 !4 CM Punk World Heavyweight Championship June 30, 2008 Oklahoma City, OK Raw CM Punk defeated Edge after GTS to win the championship after Edge was attacked by Batista
05 !5 CM Punk World Heavyweight Championship June 7, 2009 New Orleans, LA Extreme Rules CM Punk defeated Jeff Hardy after two GTSs to win the championship following Hardy defeating Edge in a ladder match to win the championship
06 !6 Jack Swagger World Heavyweight Championship March 30, 2010 (aired April 2, 2010) Las Vegas, NV SmackDown Swagger defeated Chris Jericho after a gutwrench powerbomb to win the championship after Edge attacked an already injured Jericho
07 !7 Kane World Heavyweight Championship July 18, 2010 Kansas City, MO Money in the Bank Kane defeated Rey Mysterio after a Tombstone Piledriver to win the championship after Mysterio successfully defended the championship against Jack Swagger
08 !8 The Miz WWE Championship November 22, 2010 Orlando, FL Raw Miz defeated Randy Orton after a Skull Crushing Finale to win the championship after Orton was attacked by The Nexus following a successful defense of the championship against Nexus leader Wade Barrett
09 !9 Alberto Del Rio WWE Championship August 14, 2011 Los Angeles, CA SummerSlam Del Rio defeated CM Punk after a step-up enzuigiri to win the championship after Punk defeated John Cena to become undisputed champion and was then attacked by Kevin Nash
10 !10 Daniel Bryan World Heavyweight Championship December 18, 2011 Baltimore, MD TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs Bryan defeated Big Show after an attack by Mark Henry to win the championship after Show defeated Henry in a chairs match to win the title
11 !11 John Cena WWE Championship July 23, 2012 St Louis, MO Raw 1000 Cena won his cash-in match against CM Punk via disqualification after Big Show interfered, but failed to win the title because championships cannot change hands via count-outs or disqualifications (unless the match stipulation says otherwise)
12 !12 Dolph Ziggler World Heavyweight Championship April 8, 2013 East Rutherford, NJ Raw Ziggler defeated Alberto Del Rio after a Zig Zag to win the championship after Del Rio was attacked by Jack Swagger, who he had defeated along with Zeb Colter in a 2-on-1 handicap match
13 !13 Randy Orton WWE Championship August 18, 2013 Los Angeles, CA SummerSlam Orton defeated Daniel Bryan after a Pedigree from Triple H (who was special guest referee) to win the championship after Bryan had defeated John Cena to win the title. This was the first cash-in to feature a special guest referee
14 !14 Damien Sandow World Heavyweight Championship October 28, 2013 Orlando, FL Raw Sandow attacked champion John Cena and immediately cashed in the contract, but became the first man to lose a cash-in match when Cena won the match after an Attitude Adjustment
15 !15 Seth Rollins WWE World Heavyweight Championship March 29, 2015 Santa Clara, CA WrestleMania 31 During the main event between Roman Reigns and defending champion Brock Lesnar, Rollins cashed in his briefcase. The referee accepted the cash-in while the match was in progress and converted the singles match into a triple-threat match. Rollins then pinned Reigns after a Curb Stomp to win the title. This was the first cash-in where the contract holder did not pin the champion
16 !16 Sheamus WWE World Heavyweight Championship November 22, 2015 Atlanta, GA Survivor Series Sheamus defeated Roman Reigns after a Brogue Kick to win the championship after Reigns defeated Dean Ambrose to win the vacant title
17 !17 Dean Ambrose WWE World Heavyweight Championship June 19, 2016 Las Vegas, NV Money in the Bank Ambrose defeated Seth Rollins after a Dirty Deeds to win the championship after Rollins defeated Roman Reigns to win the title
18 !18 Baron Corbin WWE Championship August 15, 2017 Providence, RI SmackDown Live Corbin interfered in a match between John Cena and WWE Champion Jinder Mahal and attacked Cena, who won by disqualification. He then cashed in the contract after almost departing, but after the match started, he attacked Cena who was on the apron and was then rolled-up by Mahal.
Females[edit]
No.
Case Holder
Championship
Date
Location
Event
Results
01 !1 Carmella WWE SmackDown Women's Championship April 10, 2018 New Orleans, LA SmackDown Live Carmella defeated champion Charlotte Flair after a Superkick after she was attacked by the debuting IIconics (Peyton Royce and Billie Kay).
Participant list[edit]
Males[edit]
Wrestler
Victories
Appearances
CM Punk 2 4
John Cena 1 1
Seth Rollins 1 1
Baron Corbin 1 1
Mr. Kennedy 1 2
Damien Sandow 1 2
Daniel Bryan 1 2
Alberto Del Rio 1 2
Edge 1 3
The Miz 1 3
Rob Van Dam 1 3
Sheamus 1 3
Dean Ambrose 1 3
Jack Swagger 1 4
Randy Orton 1 4
Dolph Ziggler 1 6
Kane 1 7
Chris Benoit 0 1
Ric Flair 0 1
Bobby Lashley 0 1
Jeff Hardy 0 1
King Booker 0 1
Carlito 0 1
Ted DiBiase 0 1
Heath Slater 0 1
Justin Gabriel 0 1
Rey Mysterio 0 1
Alex Riley 0 1
R-Truth 0 1
Santino Marella 0 1
Tensai 0 1
Tyson Kidd 0 1
Fandango 0 1
Neville 0 1
Roman Reigns 0 1
AJ Styles 0 1
Shinsuke Nakamura 0 1
Drew McIntyre 0 2
John Morrison 0 2
Mark Henry 0 2
Sin Cara 0 2
Big Show 0 2
Wade Barrett 0 2
(Antonio) Cesaro 0 2
Sami Zayn 0 2
Kevin Owens 0 2
Finlay 0 3
Montel Vontavious Porter 0 3
Evan Bourne 0 3
Matt Hardy 0 4
Cody Rhodes 0 4
Shelton Benjamin 0 5
Chris Jericho 0 5
Christian 0 6
Kofi Kingston 0 6
Females[edit]
Wrestler
Victories
Appearances
Carmella 2 2
Becky Lynch 0 2
Charlotte Flair 0 2
Natalya 0 2
Tamina 0 2
References[edit]
Professional wrestling portal
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^ Jump up to: a b DiFino, Lennie (May 7, 2007). "Gold Digging". WWE. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013. Retrieved 2008-05-23. The Rated-R Superstar struck gold when he defeated the loudmouth from SmackDown, Mr. Kennedy, for the Money in the Bank briefcase and its guaranteed World Championship opportunity. He did this by attacking Mr. Kennedy before the match actually started, giving the ultimate opportunist an advantage.
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Jump up ^ Burdick, Michael (March 3, 2009). "Served with a Swagger and a smile". WWE. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Burdick, Michael (March 6, 2009). "Disruption eruption". WWE. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
Jump up ^ Sitterson, Aubrey (March 9, 2009). "In your house". WWE. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
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Jump up ^ Burdick, Michael (March 13, 2009). "Takin' it back". WWE. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rote, Andrew (April 5, 2009). "Twice as nice for CM Punk". WWE. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
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Jump up ^ Adkins, Greg (2010-02-22). "Taking the bull by the horns". WWE. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
Jump up ^ Burdick, Michael (2010-02-26). "Fear of the Spear". WWE. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
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Facebook real-name policy controversy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Facebook's notification to "update your name"
The Facebook real-name policy controversy refers to the controversy over social networking site Facebook's "real-name system" dictating how people register their accounts and configure their user profiles. The controversy stems from a policy that those who have been adversely affected describe as penalizing users who are in fact using their real names which Facebook has nevertheless deemed to be "fake", while simultaneously allowing anyone to create fake yet plausible-sounding names, as well as obviously implausible-sounding names comprising word combinations that Facebook's software fails to recognize as unlikely to be real.[clarification needed] Facebook furthermore prohibits users from accurately representing names which according to the site have "too many words", and prohibits initializing first names, preventing users who do so in real life from formatting their own names as they see fit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Affected users
2.1 Ethnic groups
2.1.1 Native Americans
2.1.2 Japanese
2.1.3 Irish
2.1.4 Scottish Gaelic
2.1.5 Chamoru
2.1.6 Vietnamese
2.1.7 Tamils
2.2 Transgender users
2.3 Users target of religious persecution
2.4 Established online alter-egos
3 Reaction
4 Compromise to protect those with special circumstances
5 List of notable Facebook accounts suspended
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Background[edit]
The social networking website Facebook has maintained the real-name system policy for user profiles. According to Facebook, the real-name policy stems from the position "that way, you always know who you're connecting with. This helps keep our community safe."[1][2] Likewise per this policy, a "real name" is defined by "your real name as it would be listed on your credit card, driver's license or student ID."[3] In August 2012, Facebook estimated that more than 83 million Facebook accounts are fake accounts.[4] As a result of this revelation, the share price of Facebook dropped below $20.[5] Facebook has asserted that "authentic identity is important to the Facebook experience, and our goal is that every account on Facebook should represent a real person."[4]
Affected users[edit]
Ethnic groups[edit]
Native Americans[edit]
Native Americans have been repeatedly targeted due to Facebook's policy.[6]
Robin Kills The Enemy, a resident of the Sioux Rosebud reservation in South Dakota, found that when she tried to register her surname in its normal format, the site would not let her use them, so she resorted to combining the three words, spelling them as one word. After having been a member for some time, she eventually contacted the site in an attempt to have her surname spelled as it actually is in real life. However, after reaching out to Facebook, they instead deactivated her account without explanation. When she was finally able to make contact with an actual employee, they wrote back telling her "Fake names are a violation of our Terms of Use. Facebook requires users to provide their full first and last names". She eventually managed to have her account reinstated; however, users with the surname Kills The Enemy are, as of 2015, still required by Facebook to spell their surname without spaces as a single word.[7]
Shane Creepingbear, an Oklahoman member of the Kiowa tribe, reported that he had been "kicked off" of Facebook on Columbus Day for having a supposedly fake name.[8]
Lance Brown Eyes, an Oglala, found that his account had been suspended; when he was able to send in documentation to Facebook proving his identity, Facebook reinstated his account, but changed his name to "Lance Brown".[9]
Dana Lone Hill, a member of the Lakota tribe who had been a registered Facebook user for several years, discovered one day that she had been locked out of her account. A message from Facebook said "it looks like the name on your Facebook account may not be your authentic name". After a week, during which she had to send in her personal documentation to Facebook, her account access was restored. She has since threatened a class-action lawsuit on behalf of Native Americans against Facebook due to how it exercises its name policies.
A number of Native Americans have objected to Facebook's inquiries into their names, and to Facebook's request that they provide proof of identification or other documentation in order to use the service.[10] Native American activists claimed to be planning to file a class action lawsuit against Facebook regarding the 'real name' policy.[11]
Japanese[edit]
In 2008, a woman in Japan named Hiroko Yoda had her Facebook account suspended over her surname, which is common in Japan, being confused with a Star Wars character of the same name. [12]
Irish[edit]
The Dublin branch of the Irish language rights group, Misneach, has started on Change.org online petition to demand that right to use Irish names on Facebook and protested outside Facebook's European headquarters in Dublin on October 7, 2015.[13]
Scottish Gaelic[edit]
In 2015, one Gaelic-speaking retired policeman won the right to use his Gaelic name on Facebook, even though it was not his legal name. Some Scottish Gaelic surnames, such as NicIllAnndrais, contain more than two capital letters and are still disallowed by Facebook.[14]
Chamoru[edit]
In the Spanish-influenced indigenous Chamoru culture of the Marianas, the standard naming convention has historically been for a person to use their mother's maiden name as their middle name. (Chamoru culture, having been colonized by Spain, went through a period where indigenous names and naming conventions were forcibly eradicated and replaced by what the conquering Spanish deemed acceptable.) Furthermore, using one's full name rather than simply the first and last is commonplace, if only for disambiguation purposes due to a relatively small pool of surnames. Therefore, middle names such as De Leon Guerrero and De La Cruz are frequently encountered. However, attempting to register such names as one's middle name results in a message telling users that "Names can't have too many words." Therefore, many Chamoru users are forced to either run all of the words together as if they were one single word, or to initialize each word to a common acronym such as DLG or DLC.
In cases where the acronym is employed, Facebook automatically changes to lower-case all letters except the first. (Use of periods, e.g. D.L.G., will result in a message telling users that "Profile names can't have too many periods.") Therefore, someone commonly known in real life by a name such as Mary De Leon Guerrero Mafnas would have to resort to using what on Facebook would end up being "Mary Dlg Mafnas". The message is not accompanied by an option to challenge/appeal the restriction or to send Facebook documentation that the format is how one normally formats their name in real life.
Vietnamese[edit]
In January 2015, a 23-year-old Australian bank employee claiming to be named Phuc Dat Bich posted a photo of his passport identification page to Facebook, protesting that the company had unfairly shut down his account for being "false and misleading".[15] "Is it because I'm Asian? Is it?" he asked. The BBC reported that in Vietnamese the name is pronounced similarly to "Phoo Da Bi" (IPA: /fukp˦˥ ɗat˩ ɓic˦˥/).[15] After his reinstatement, Bich posted a thank you note to supportive Facebook fans, stating he was "glad and honoured to be able to make people happy by simply making them laugh at something that appears outrageous and ridiculous".[15] Subsequently "Phuc Dat" published a further message admitting it was a hoax.[16]
Tamils[edit]
Tamils do not have surnames: They have their father or mother or both father and mother's first name as initials.[17] This standard naming practice has not been acknowledged by Facebook.[18]
Transgender users[edit]
Facebook's real-name policy does not reflect adopted names or pseudonyms used by the transgender community, and has led to suspending users with real names that might be thought to be fake.[19] A user via the anonymous Android and iOS app Secret began reporting "fake names" which caused user profiles to be suspended, specifically targeting the stage names of drag queens.[3][20]
Transgender people have also been affected by the policy, including one former Facebook employee who initiated development on Facebook's custom gender options, who was suspended on the day the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that same-sex marriage bans were unconstitutional.[21][22] According to gender non-conforming activist D. Dragonetti, Facebook even disregarded their government identification when supplied.[better source needed][23]
On October 1, 2014, Chris Cox, Chief Product Officer at Facebook, offered an apology to the LGBT community and drag kings and queens:
In the two weeks since the real-name policy issues surfaced, we've had the chance to hear from many of you in these communities and understand the policy more clearly as you experience it. We've also come to understand how painful this has been. We owe you a better service and a better experience using Facebook, and we're going to fix the way this policy gets handled so everyone affected here can go back to using Facebook as you were.[24]
Users target of religious persecution[edit]
Secular, atheist, agnostic, humanist, or users who comment or blog expressing views critical of particular religions, sects or religion in general, as well as religious people who express the opposing views critical of atheism or agnosticism very often have a legitimate need to use an alias. Some of these users could suffer rejection, retaliation or violence if their views – contrary to those of their family, friends or community – are known. In some cases, secular bloggers are exposed to imprisonment by an intolerant government, violent attacks in the street or even being killed by religious fanatics. Examples are the incarceration of activist and blogger Raif Badawi in Saudi Arabia and a string of attacks and murders of secular activists in Bangladesh or Pakistan.
Established online alter-egos[edit]
Virtual world artists and business owners have also been targeted by Facebook. Although the use of identities based on online sites such as Second Life and IMVU has been dismissed as video game role playing, many people generate real-world income through these virtual communities.[25]
Reaction[edit]
International non-profit digital rights group Electronic Frontier Foundation stated they were "alarmed to hear that Facebook's 'real name' policy is disproportionately affecting the LGBTQ community."[26]
Online magazine Queerty called Facebook's policy "a frankly creepy overreach of authority", adding "There are a million reasons why someone would choose to self-identify with a name other than the one that's printed on their birth certificate. And really, it's absolutely none of your business in the first place."[27]
In an interview for MAGE Magazine, Second Life entrepreneur Jennifer Ceara Firehawk stated: "If we are not using our page to abuse or grief others they just need to leave us be. We are not hurting anyone… FB does not realize some SL people earn lindens to turn into RL (real life) money and that is how they make a living. Once you force a person to change the SL name they will lose money due to not being able to find them on FB or SL as they may use FB for their buisness [sic] or advertise. So they end up losing buisness [sic] and money."[28]
Seattle drag performer Olivia LaGarce started a Change.org online petition titled "Allow performers to use their stage names on their Facebook accounts!"[29][30]
Compromise to protect those with special circumstances[edit]
On December 15, 2015, Facebook announced in a press release[31] that it would be providing a compromise to its real name policy after protests from groups such as the gay/lesbian community and abuse victims.[32] The site is developing a protocol that will allow members to provide specifics as to their "special circumstance" or "unique situation" with a request to use pseudonyms, subject to verification of their true identities. At that time, this was already being tested in the U.S. Product manager Todd Gage and vice president of global operations Justin Osofsky also promised a new method for reducing the number of members who must go through ID verification while ensuring the safety of others on Facebook. The fake name reporting procedure will also be modified, forcing anyone who makes such an allegation to provide specifics that would be investigated and giving the accused individual time to dispute the allegation.[33]
This measure was criticised by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, who pointed out that it forces the most vulnerable users to reveal intimate details of their personal lives. [34] Furthermore, as of May 2017, there is no evidence in Facebook's policies that this measure was ever implemented. [35]
List of notable Facebook accounts suspended[edit]
Bebe Sweetbriar[36]
Heklina[36][37]
Sister Roma[1][29][30][38]
Stovepipe Perkins[39][40]
R. U. Sirius[41][42]
See also[edit]
Criticism of Facebook
Nymwars
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Grinberg, Emanuella (September 18, 2014). "Facebook 'real name' policy stirs questions around identity". CNN. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "What names are allowed on Facebook?". Facebook. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Levy, Karyne (October 1, 2014). "Facebook Apologizes For 'Real Name' Policy That Forced Drag Queens To Change Their Profiles". Business Insider. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Facebook: About 83 million accounts are fake". USA Today. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rushe, Dominic (August 2, 2012). "Facebook share price slumps below $20 amid fake account flap". The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Holpuck, Amanda. "Facebook still suspending Native Americans over 'real name' policy". Guardian. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Ramos, Nestor. "Facebook no friend to American Indian names". Indian Country Today media network.
Jump up ^ McAteer, Ollie. "Native Americans booted off Facebook for having 'fake' names like Creepingbear". Metro.
Jump up ^ Russon, Mary-Ann. "Facebook fail: Native Americans keep being accused of using fake names". International Business Times.
Jump up ^ Phillip, Abby (October 2, 2014). "Online 'authenticity' and how Facebook's 'real name' policy hurts Native Americans". Retrieved October 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Holpuck, Amanda. "Native American activist to sue Facebook over site's 'real name' policy". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2632170/Woman-called-Yoda-blocked-from-Facebook.html
Jump up ^ Tracer, Dan (September 9, 2015). "Protest at Dublin Facebook HQ over 'real-name' policy". Irish Times. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Man wins Facebook battle over 'fake' Gaelic name". www.scotsman.com. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Phuc Dat Bich: Australian with 'misleading' name thanks supporters". BBC. November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Phuc Dat Bich admits hoax in Facebook name battle". BBC. 25 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tamil Name Structure".
Jump up ^ "Really harassed by Facebook's 'real names'".
Jump up ^ Ortutay, Barbara (May 25, 2009). "Real users caught in Facebook fake-name purge". The San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Holpuck, Amanda. "Facebook still freezing accounts despite apology to drag queens over 'real names.'". Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Zip (June 27, 2015). "My name is only real enough to work at Facebook, not use on the site". Medium.com.
Jump up ^ Payton, Naith (June 28, 2015). "Woman responsible for Facebook gender options kicked off for violating real names policy". Pink News.
Jump up ^ Dragonetti, D. (October 20, 2014). "Is Facebook easing up on its 'real names' policy—or cracking down?". The Daily Dot. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cox, Chris (October 1, 2014). "Chris Cox - I want to apologize to the affected community of drag.." Facebook. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Layton, Julia. "Can I make my living in Second Life?". HowStuffWorks.
Jump up ^ Kayyali, Nadia; York, Jillian (September 16, 2014). "Facebook's 'Real Name' Policy Can Cause Real-World Harm for the LGBTQ Community". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tracer, Dan (September 11, 2014). "Facebook Targeting Drag Queens, Forcing Them To Use Their Legal Names". Queerty. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Thomson, Ian (September 18, 2015). "The Day F Book killed the King : Part 1". MAGE Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b Lee, Dave (September 12, 2014). "Drag queens in Facebook name row". BBC News. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Schmader, David (September 26, 2014). "Facebook Fails to Explain Its Discriminatory and Dangerous 'Real Names' Policy". The Stranger. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Osofsky, Jason; Gage, Todd (December 15, 2015). "Community Support FYI: Improving the Names Process on Facebook". Facebook Newsroom. Facebook. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ AFP (December 16, 2015). "Facebook modifies 'real names' policy, testing use of assumed names". CTV News. Bell Media. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Holpuch, Amanda (December 15, 2015). "Facebook changes controversial 'real name' policy in wake of criticism". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Changes to Facebook's "Real Names" Policy Still Don't Fix the Problem".
Jump up ^ "What other names are allowed on Facebook?". Facebook. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "San Francisco supervisor calls for Facebook, drag queens to meet over profile name crackdown". San Jose Mercury News. September 15, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Senora Oso Responde: "Lady Bear" Responds to the Facebook Name Change Game". Dragaholic. September 13, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Signorile, Michelangelo (September 20, 2014). "Sister Roma, Drag Performer, Talks About Leading Fight Against Facebook Name Policy". The Huffington Post. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New World Notes: Facebook Forces Musician Stovepipe to use Alphonso as First Name". www.knockkneedsally.com. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Stovepipe is not Alphonso'... | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ "New World Notes: Facebook Ironically Blocks Internet Pioneer for Using Long-Established Pseudonym "R.U. Sirius" on Facebook". nwn.blogs.com. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Jon Lebkowsky - Frustrating - my friend Ken 'RU Sirius'... | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Further reading[edit]
Haimson, Oliver L.; Hoffmann, Anna Lauren (2016). "Constructing and enforcing 'authentic' identity online: Facebook, real names, and non-normative identities". First Monday. 21 (6). doi:10.5210/fm.v21i6.6791  .
MacAulay, Maggie; Moldes, Marcos Daniel (2016). "Queen don't compute: reading and casting shade on Facebook's real names policy". Critical Studies in Media Communication. 33 (1): 6–22. doi:10.1080/15295036.2015.1129430.
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This page was last edited on 17 December 2017, at 16:17.
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