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List of Game of Thrones episodes
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Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. The series is based on the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by author George R. R. Martin. The series takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos and chronicles the power struggles among noble families as they fight for control of the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms. The series starts when House Stark, led by Lord Eddard "Ned" Stark (Sean Bean) is drawn into schemes against King Robert Baratheon (Mark Addy) when the Hand of the King Jon Arryn (Robert's chief advisor) dies mysteriously.[1]
The series premiered on April 17, 2011, on HBO. David Benioff and D. B. Weiss both serve as executive producers along with Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, Bernadette Caulfield and George R. R. Martin.[2][3] Filming for the series has taken place in a number of locations, including Croatia, Northern Ireland, Iceland and Spain.[4][5][6] Episodes are broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm Eastern Time,[7][8] and the episodes are between 50 and 81 minutes in length.[9] The first six seasons are available on DVD and Blu-ray.
The series was renewed for a seventh season in April 2016,[10] which premiered on July 16, 2017 and consisted of seven episodes.[11] The series will conclude with its eighth season, which will consist of six episodes.[12][13] As of August 27, 2017,[update] 67 episodes of Game of Thrones have aired, concluding the seventh season. The show's episodes have won numerous awards including two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2011)
2.2 Season 2 (2012)
2.3 Season 3 (2013)
2.4 Season 4 (2014)
2.5 Season 5 (2015)
2.6 Season 6 (2016)
2.7 Season 7 (2017)
3 Home media releases
4 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)
First aired
Last aired
1 10 April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17) June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19) 2.52[14]
2 10 April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01) June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03) 3.80[14]
3 10 March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31) June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09) 4.97[15]
4 10 April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06) June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15) 6.84[16]
5 10 April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12) June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14) 6.88[17]
6 10 April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24) June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26) 7.69[18]
7 7 July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16) August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27) 10.26[19]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2011)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 1)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Winter Is Coming" Tim Van Patten David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17) 2.22[20]
2
2 "The Kingsroad" Tim Van Patten David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 24, 2011 (2011-04-24) 2.20[21]
3
3 "Lord Snow" Brian Kirk David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 1, 2011 (2011-05-01) 2.44[22]
4
4 "Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things" Brian Kirk Bryan Cogman May 8, 2011 (2011-05-08) 2.45[23]
5
5 "The Wolf and the Lion" Brian Kirk David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 15, 2011 (2011-05-15) 2.58[24]
6
6 "A Golden Crown" Daniel Minahan Story by : David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
Teleplay by : Jane Espenson and David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22) 2.44[25]
7
7 "You Win or You Die" Daniel Minahan David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 29, 2011 (2011-05-29) 2.40[26]
8
8 "The Pointy End" Daniel Minahan George R. R. Martin June 5, 2011 (2011-06-05) 2.72[27]
9
9 "Baelor" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 12, 2011 (2011-06-12) 2.66[28]
10
10 "Fire and Blood" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19) 3.04[29]
Season 2 (2012)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 2)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
11
1 "The North Remembers" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01) 3.86[30]
12
2 "The Night Lands" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08) 3.76[31]
13
3 "What Is Dead May Never Die" Alik Sakharov Bryan Cogman April 15, 2012 (2012-04-15) 3.77[32]
14
4 "Garden of Bones" David Petrarca Vanessa Taylor April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22) 3.65[33]
15
5 "The Ghost of Harrenhal" David Petrarca David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 29, 2012 (2012-04-29) 3.90[34]
16
6 "The Old Gods and the New" David Nutter Vanessa Taylor May 6, 2012 (2012-05-06) 3.88[35]
17
7 "A Man Without Honor" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13) 3.69[36]
18
8 "The Prince of Winterfell" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20) 3.86[37]
19
9 "Blackwater" Neil Marshall George R. R. Martin May 27, 2012 (2012-05-27) 3.38[38]
20
10 "Valar Morghulis" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03) 4.20[39]
Season 3 (2013)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 3)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
21
1 "Valar Dohaeris" Daniel Minahan David Benioff & D. B. Weiss March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31) 4.37[40]
22
2 "Dark Wings, Dark Words" Daniel Minahan Vanessa Taylor April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07) 4.27[41]
23
3 "Walk of Punishment" David Benioff David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 14, 2013 (2013-04-14) 4.72[42]
24
4 "And Now His Watch Is Ended" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 21, 2013 (2013-04-21) 4.87[43]
25
5 "Kissed by Fire" Alex Graves Bryan Cogman April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28) 5.35[44]
26
6 "The Climb" Alik Sakharov David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 5, 2013 (2013-05-05) 5.50[45]
27
7 "The Bear and the Maiden Fair" Michelle MacLaren George R. R. Martin May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12) 4.84[46]
28
8 "Second Sons" Michelle MacLaren David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 19, 2013 (2013-05-19) 5.13[47]
29
9 "The Rains of Castamere" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 2, 2013 (2013-06-02) 5.22[48]
30
10 "Mhysa" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09) 5.39[49]
Season 4 (2014)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 4)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
31
1 "Two Swords" D. B. Weiss David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06) 6.64[50]
32
2 "The Lion and the Rose" Alex Graves George R. R. Martin April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13) 6.31[51]
33
3 "Breaker of Chains" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 20, 2014 (2014-04-20) 6.59[52]
34
4 "Oathkeeper" Michelle MacLaren Bryan Cogman April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27) 6.95[53]
35
5 "First of His Name" Michelle MacLaren David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04) 7.16[54]
36
6 "The Laws of Gods and Men" Alik Sakharov Bryan Cogman May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11) 6.40[55]
37
7 "Mockingbird" Alik Sakharov David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18) 7.20[56]
38
8 "The Mountain and the Viper" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01) 7.17[57]
39
9 "The Watchers on the Wall" Neil Marshall David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08) 6.95[58]
40
10 "The Children" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15) 7.09[59]
Season 5 (2015)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 5)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
41
1 "The Wars to Come" Michael Slovis David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12) 8.00[60]
42
2 "The House of Black and White" Michael Slovis David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 19, 2015 (2015-04-19) 6.81[61]
43
3 "High Sparrow" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26) 6.71[62]
44
4 "Sons of the Harpy" Mark Mylod Dave Hill May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03) 6.82[63]
45
5 "Kill the Boy" Jeremy Podeswa Bryan Cogman May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10) 6.56[64]
46
6 "Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken" Jeremy Podeswa Bryan Cogman May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17) 6.24[65]
47
7 "The Gift" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 24, 2015 (2015-05-24) 5.40[66]
48
8 "Hardhome" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 31, 2015 (2015-05-31) 7.01[67]
49
9 "The Dance of Dragons" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 7, 2015 (2015-06-07) 7.14[68]
50
10 "Mother's Mercy" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14) 8.11[69]
Season 6 (2016)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 6)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
51
1 "The Red Woman" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24) 7.94[70]
52
2 "Home" Jeremy Podeswa Dave Hill May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01) 7.29[71]
53
3 "Oathbreaker" Daniel Sackheim David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08) 7.28[72]
54
4 "Book of the Stranger" Daniel Sackheim David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15) 7.82[73]
55
5 "The Door" Jack Bender David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22) 7.89[74]
56
6 "Blood of My Blood" Jack Bender Bryan Cogman May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29) 6.71[75]
57
7 "The Broken Man" Mark Mylod Bryan Cogman June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05) 7.80[76]
58
8 "No One" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12) 7.60[77]
59
9 "Battle of the Bastards" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19) 7.66[78]
60
10 "The Winds of Winter" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26) 8.89[79]
Season 7 (2017)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 7)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
61
1 "Dragonstone" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16) 10.11[80]
62
2 "Stormborn" Mark Mylod Bryan Cogman July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23) 9.27[81]
63
3 "The Queen's Justice" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30) 9.25[82]
64
4 "The Spoils of War" Matt Shakman David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06) 10.17[83]
65
5 "Eastwatch" Matt Shakman Dave Hill August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13) 10.72[84]
66
6 "Beyond the Wall" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20) 10.24[85]
67
7 "The Dragon and the Wolf" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27) 12.07[86]
Home media releases[edit]
Season
Episodes
DVD and Blu-ray release date
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
1 10 March 6, 2012[87] March 5, 2012[88] August 10, 2012[89]
2 10 February 19, 2013[90] March 4, 2013[91] March 6, 2013[92]
3 10 February 18, 2014[93] February 17, 2014[94] February 19, 2014[95]
4 10 February 17, 2015[96] February 16, 2015[97] February 18, 2015[98]
5 10 March 15, 2016[99] March 14, 2016[100] March 16, 2016[101]
6 10 November 15, 2016[102] November 14, 2016[103] November 16, 2016[104]
7 7 December 12, 2017[105] December 11, 2017[106] December 11, 2017[107]
Ratings[edit]
Game of Thrones : U.S. viewers per episode (millions)
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average
1
2.22 2.20 2.44 2.45 2.58 2.44 2.40 2.72 2.66 3.04 2.52[108]
2
3.86 3.76 3.77 3.65 3.90 3.88 3.69 3.86 3.38 4.20 3.80[108]
3
4.37 4.27 4.72 4.87 5.35 5.50 4.84 5.13 5.22 5.39 4.97[109]
4
6.64 6.31 6.59 6.95 7.16 6.40 7.20 7.17 6.95 7.09 6.84[110]
5
8.00 6.81 6.71 6.82 6.56 6.24 5.40 7.01 7.14 8.11 6.88[111]
6
7.94 7.29 7.28 7.82 7.89 6.71 7.80 7.60 7.66 8.89 7.69[112]
7
10.11 9.27 9.25 10.17 10.72 10.24 12.07 N/A 10.26[113]
Source: Nielsen Media Research[115]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 8, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'The Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Silicon Valley', 'Married to Medicine' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 15, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'MTV Movie Awards', 'Silicon Valley', 'Mad Men', 'Drop Dead Diva' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 22, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, + NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Naked and Afraid' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 29, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Mad Men', 'Devious Maids' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 6, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, + 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Married to Medicine', 'Silicon Valley' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 13, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Silicon Valley', 'Bar Rescue', 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 20, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'Silicon Valley', 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'River Monsters', 'Married to Medicine' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 3, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + NHL Conference Finals, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta: Kandi's Wedding', 'Silicon Valley' & Moreh". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 10, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Devious Maids', 'Veep', 'Turn' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 17, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + World Cup Soccer, 'Keeping up with the Kardashians', NASCAR & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 14, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Silicon Valley', 'MTV Movie Awards', 'Mad Men', 'Veep', 'The Royals' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 21, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta,' 'Naked and Afraid' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 28, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Silicon Valley', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 5, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Silicon Valley' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 12, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Silicon Valley', 'Mad Men', 'The Royals', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 19, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 27, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: NBA Conference Finals Win Night, 'Game of Thrones', 'Silicon Valley', 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 2, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Silicon Valley', 'Naked and Afraid' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 9, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Silicon Valley', 'Naked & Afraid', 'Married to Medicine', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 16, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Silicon Valley', NASCAR, 'Botched' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 26, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' opens slightly lower, still dominant". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 3, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' slips, 'Kardashians' premiere steady". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 10, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' (very) steady with episode 3". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 17, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' rises, 'Fear the Walking Dead' falls". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 24, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Preacher' has decent debut, 'Game of Thrones' ties season high". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 1, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' hits season low on Memorial Day weekend". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 7, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' back to usual numbers, 'Preacher' holds up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 14, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' and 'Silicon Valley' hold steady". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 21, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' holds up opposite NBA Finals". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 28, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' scores series high with Season 6 finale". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 17, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' scores series-best audience with Season 7 premiere". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 25, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Phelps vs. Shark' strong, 'Game of Thrones' boosts 'Ballers,' 'Insecure'". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 1, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Rick & Morty' returns strong, more highs for 'Insecure' and 'Ballers'". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 8, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Sharknado 5' lacks bite, 'Game of Thrones' hits total-viewer high". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 15, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: ‘Game of Thrones’ scores another series high". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 22, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: ‘Survivor’s Remorse’ premiere steady, ‘Game of Thrones’ down a little". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 29, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: VMAs hit all-time low opposite ‘Game of Thrones’ finale". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (December 5, 2011). "Game of Thrones – HBO's Official Press Release with Full Details of The Complete 1st Season on DVD, Blu-ray". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 1 [DVD] [2012]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 1". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (November 19, 2012). "Game of Thrones – Winter is Coming, with The Complete 2nd Season: Date, Extras, Boxes!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 2 [DVD] [2013]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 2". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (June 24, 2013). "Game of Thrones – 2014 Release Date, Package Art for The Complete 3rd Season, on DVD, Blu". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 3 [DVD] [2014]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 3". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (July 16, 2014). "Game of Thrones – 'The Complete 4th Season' Press Release: Date, Art, Cost, Extras". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 4 [DVD] [2015]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 4". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 5 [Blu-ray + Digital HD]". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 5 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 5". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: The Complete Sixth Season [Blu-ray]". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 6 [DVD] [2016]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 6". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - 'The Complete 7th Season' Already Planned for DVD and Blu-ray Disc". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 7 [Blu-ray + Amazon Exclusive Bonus Disc] [2017]". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 7". jbhifi.com.au. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Game of Thrones: Season Two Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 11, 2012. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Three Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Four Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 18, 2014. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Five Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Six Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 28, 2016. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Seven Ratings". TV Series Finale. August 29, 2017. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Updated: 'Game of Thrones' Ratings: Season One". TV by the Numbers. June 19, 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ [114][108][109][110][111][112][113]
External links[edit]
Official website
Game of Thrones – The Viewers Guide on HBO.com
Making Game of Thrones on HBO.com
List of Game of Thrones episodes on IMDb
List of Game of Thrones episodes at TV.com
Game of Thrones at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire
A Game of Thrones (1996)
A Clash of Kings (1998)
A Storm of Swords (2000)
A Feast for Crows (2005)
A Dance with Dragons (2011)
The Winds of Winter (TBA)
Franchise media
Novellas
Tales of Dunk and Egg (1998–2010)
The Princess and the Queen (2013)
The Rogue Prince (2014)
The Sons of the Dragon (2017)
TV series
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Awards
Characters
Music
"Game of Thrones Theme"
"The Rains of Castamere"
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
"Light of the Seven"
Catch the Throne
Live Concert Experience
Soundtracks
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
Title sequence
After the Thrones
Thronecast
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A Game of Thrones: Genesis
Game of Thrones (2012)
Game of Thrones Ascent
Game of Thrones (2014)
Other media
The World of Ice & Fire (2014)
Board game
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Petyr Baelish
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Renly Baratheon
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High Sparrow
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Sansa Stark
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Olenna Tyrell
Varys
Ygritte
World
Languages
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Valyrian
Themes
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White Walker
Miscellaneous
Fandom
Book
Category
[show]
v
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e
Game of Thrones episodes
Seasons: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Season 1
"Winter Is Coming"
"The Kingsroad"
"Lord Snow"
"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things"
"The Wolf and the Lion"
"A Golden Crown"
"You Win or You Die"
"The Pointy End"
"Baelor"
"Fire and Blood"
Season 2
"The North Remembers"
"The Night Lands"
"What Is Dead May Never Die"
"Garden of Bones"
"The Ghost of Harrenhal"
"The Old Gods and the New"
"A Man Without Honor"
"The Prince of Winterfell"
"Blackwater"
"Valar Morghulis"
Season 3
"Valar Dohaeris"
"Dark Wings, Dark Words"
"Walk of Punishment"
"And Now His Watch Is Ended"
"Kissed by Fire"
"The Climb"
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
"Second Sons"
"The Rains of Castamere"
"Mhysa"
Season 4
"Two Swords"
"The Lion and the Rose"
"Breaker of Chains"
"Oathkeeper"
"First of His Name"
"The Laws of Gods and Men"
"Mockingbird"
"The Mountain and the Viper"
"The Watchers on the Wall"
"The Children"
Season 5
"The Wars to Come"
"The House of Black and White"
"High Sparrow"
"Sons of the Harpy"
"Kill the Boy"
"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken"
"The Gift"
"Hardhome"
"The Dance of Dragons"
"Mother's Mercy"
Season 6
"The Red Woman"
"Home"
"Oathbreaker"
"Book of the Stranger"
"The Door"
"Blood of My Blood"
"The Broken Man"
"No One"
"Battle of the Bastards"
"The Winds of Winter"
Season 7
"Dragonstone"
"Stormborn"
"The Queen's Justice"
"The Spoils of War"
"Eastwatch"
"Beyond the Wall"
"The Dragon and the Wolf"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Game_of_Thrones_episodes&oldid=801079579"
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text:
Greatest Hits 1970–2002
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Greatest Hits 1970–2002
Greatest hits album by Elton John
Released
11 November 2002
Recorded
1970–2002
Genre
Rock
Length
156:46
Label
UTV
Elton John chronology
Songs from the West Coast
(2001)Songs from the West Coast2001 Greatest Hits 1970–2002
(2002) Peachtree Road
(2004)Peachtree Road2004
Greatest Hits 1970–2002 is a career-spanning collection of Elton John's biggest hits up to 2002. It was released in an alternate 3-CD version (as opposed to the usual 2-CD) and slightly different versions in the United States and the United Kingdom.
The album debuted on the Billboard 200 chart at number 12 on 30 November 2002. It spent 67 weeks on the chart. It was certified gold and platinum in December 2002, 2× platinum in March 2003, 3× platinum in August 2004 and 4x and 5x platinum in February 2011 and 6× platinum in April 2016 by the RIAA.
It was the first Elton John compilation released since the time that PolyGram, which had controlled the pre-1976 Elton John catalogue, was sold to Universal Music Group, which controlled the post-1976 recordings. Prior to 1992, rights to John's music had been complicated as they shifted between various companies. UMG now owns worldwide distribution rights to all of John's music, while sharing overall ownership with John himself.
The CD omits the #1 Adult Contemporary hit "Mama Can't Buy You Love" from The Thom Bell Sessions (top 10 in 1979).
In 2004 the album was re-released and featured the 2003 UK number 1 hit "Are You Ready for Love" as the final track on the second disc, replacing "Song for Guy".
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
1.1 European release
1.1.1 Bonus disc version
1.2 American release
1.2.1 Bonus disc version
2 Charts
3 Certifications
4 References
Track listing[edit]
All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin unless otherwise noted.
European release[edit]
Disc 1
No.
Title
Album
Length
1. "Your Song" Elton John, 1970 4:03
2. "Tiny Dancer" Madman Across the Water, 1971 6:16
3. "Honky Cat" Honky Château, 1972 5:13
4. "Rocket Man" Honky Château 4:42
5. "Crocodile Rock" Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player, 1973 3:55
6. "Daniel" Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player 3:54
7. "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, 1973 4:54
8. "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road 3:14
9. "Candle in the Wind" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road 3:50
10. "Bennie and the Jets" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road 5:23
11. "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" Caribou, 1974 5:37
12. "The Bitch Is Back" Caribou 3:45
13. "Philadelphia Freedom" (Edited version) Non-album single, 1975 5:20
14. "Someone Saved My Life Tonight" Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy, 1975 6:45
15. "Island Girl" Rock of the Westies, 1975 3:43
16. "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" (with Kiki Dee) Non-album single, 1976 4:35
17. "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" Blue Moves, 1976 3:52
Disc 2
No.
Title
Album
Length
1. "Blue Eyes" (Elton John, Gary Osborne) Jump Up!, 1982 3:29
2. "I'm Still Standing" Too Low for Zero, 1983 3:03
3. "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (Elton John, Bernie Taupin, Davey Johnstone) Too Low for Zero 4:44
4. "Sad Songs (Say So Much)" Breaking Hearts, 1984 4:50
5. "Nikita" Ice on Fire, 1985 5:45
6. "Sacrifice" Sleeping with the Past, 1989 5:06
7. "The One" The One, 1992 5:53
8. "Kiss the Bride" Too Low for Zero 4:23
9. "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (music by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice) The Lion King soundtrack, 1994 4:02
10. "Circle of Life" (music by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice) The Lion King soundtrack 4:52
11. "Believe" Made in England, 1995 4:47
12. "Made in England" Made in England 4:50
13. "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" The Big Picture, 1997 5:09
14. "Written in the Stars" (featuring LeAnn Rimes, written by Rice) Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida, 1999 4:17
15. "I Want Love" Songs from the West Coast, 2001 4:36
16. "This Train Don't Stop There Anymore" Songs from the West Coast 4:39
17. "Song for Guy" A Single Man, 1978 6:46
Bonus disc version[edit]
No.
Title
Album
Length
1. "Levon" Madman Across the Water 5:23
2. "Border Song" Elton John 3:23
3. "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (7" edit) (Lennon–McCartney) Non-album single, 1974 5:57
4. "Pinball Wizard" (Pete Townshend) Tommy soundtrack, 1975 5:17
5. "True Love" (featuring Kiki Dee (Cole Porter)) Duets, 1993 3:34
6. "Live Like Horses" (Single version) (featuring Luciano Pavarotti) The Big Picture 5:08
7. "I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That" Reg Strikes Back, 1988 4:32
8. "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (featuring George Michael) Duets 5:48
9. "Your Song" (featuring Alessandro Safina) Previously unissued, 2002 4:24
On post 2003 re-issues, "Kiss the Bride" and "Song for Guy" were omitted from the 2-disc edition to make room for recent hits "Are You Ready for Love" and "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" (with Blue). On the bonus disc edition, the two newer hits are appended at the end of disc 3.
American release[edit]
Disc 1
No.
Title
Album
Length
1. "Your Song" Elton John
2. "Levon" Madman Across the Water
3. "Tiny Dancer" Madman Across the Water
4. "Rocket Man (I Think It's Going to Be a Long, Long Time)" Honky Château
5. "Honky Cat" Honky Château
6. "Crocodile Rock" Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player
7. "Daniel" Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player
8. "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road
9. "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road
10. "Candle in the Wind" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road
11. "Bennie and the Jets" Goodbye Yellow Brick Road
12. "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" Caribou
13. "The Bitch Is Back" Caribou
14. "Philadelphia Freedom" (Edited version) Non-album single
15. "Someone Saved My Life Tonight" Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy
16. "Island Girl" Rock of the Westies
17. "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" Blue Moves
Disc 2
No.
Title
Album
Length
1. "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" (with Kiki Dee) Non-album single
2. "Little Jeannie" (John, Osborne) 21 at 33
3. "I'm Still Standing" Too Low for Zero
4. "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (John, Taupin, Johnstone) Tow Low for Zero
5. "Sad Songs (Say So Much)" Breaking Hearts
6. "I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That" Reg Strikes Back
7. "Nikita" Ice on Fire
8. "Sacrifice" Sleeping with the Past
9. "The One" The One
10. "Can You Feel the Love Tonight?" (music by John, lyrics by Rice) The Lion King soundtrack
11. "Circle of Life" The Lion King soundtrack
12. "Believe" Made in England
13. "Blessed" Made in England
14. "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" The Big Picture
15. "Written in the Stars" (with LeAnn Rimes) (Rice) Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida
16. "I Want Love" Songs from the West Coast
17. "This Train Don't Stop There Anymore" Songs from the West Coast
Bonus disc version[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Candle in the Wind" (live) 4:02
2. "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (live) (with George Michael) 5:49
3. "Live Like Horses" (live) (with Luciano Pavarotti) 5:08
4. "Your Song" (live) (with Alessandro Safina) 4:19
Charts[edit]
Chart (2002)
Peak
position
Irish Albums Chart[1] 8
Italian Top 20 Albums[2] 13
New Zealand Top 40 Albums[3] 8
Norwegian Top 40 Albums[4] 6
Spanish Albums Chart[5] 10
UK Albums Chart[6] 3
US Billboard 200[7] 12
Chart (2003)
Peak
position
Australian Top 50 Albums[8] 6
Austrian Top 75 Albums[9] 19
Belgium (Flanders) 100 Albums[10] 8
Belgium (Wallonia) 100 Albums[11] 30
Danish Top 40 Albums[12] 2
French Compilations[13] 3
German Albums[14] 19
Japanese Albums Chart[15] 45
Netherlands Top 100 Albums[16] 14
Swedish Top 60 Albums[17] 12
Swiss Top 100 Albums[18] 12
Chart (2005)
Peak
position
US Catalog Albums[7] 12
Chart (2006)
Peak
position
Spanish Top 100 Albums[19] 80
Certifications[edit]
Country
Provider
Certification
(sales thresholds)
Argentina CAPIF Gold[20]
Australia ARIA Platinum[21]
Austria IFPI Gold[22]
Brazil ABPD Gold[23]
Canada Music Canada 4x Platinum[24]
Denmark IFPI Platinum[25]
Europe IFPI 2x Platinum[26]
France SNEP Gold[27]
Germany BVMI Gold[28]
New Zealand RIANZ 2x Platinum[29]
Norway IFPI Platinum[30]
Switzerland Swiss Music Charts Gold[31]
United Kingdom BPI 5x Platinum[32]
United States RIAA 6x Platinum[33]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Elton+John. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Italian Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). New Zealand Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Norwegian Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ "Chart Archive: Top 40 Official UK Albums Archive – 23rd November 2002". The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Greatest Hits 1970–2002 – Elton John". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Australian Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Italian Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Danish Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Les "Charts Runs" de chaque Album Classé". InfoDisc (in French). Archived from the original (PHP) on 18 February 2010. Find "Elton JOHN" under the drop-down menu to see statistics.
Jump up ^ "Chartverfolgung / JOHN, ELTON / Longplay". Music Line (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Artist Ranking CD Album". Oricon Style (in Japanese). Retrieved 8 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Dutch Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Swedish Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Schweizer Hitparade. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – Greatest Hits 1970–2002 (Album)" (ASP). Spanish Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Certification Search Results" (ASP). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2003 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platin". IFPI Austria (in German). Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Type "Greatest Hits 1970-2002" under Titel to see search results.
Jump up ^ "Certificados". Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (ASP) on 6 September 2010. Search for "Elton John" to see search results.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum Database Search Results". Music Canada. Archived from the original (ASPX) on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Album Top–40: Uge 27 – 2004" (ASP). Hitlisten (in Danish). IFPI Denmark. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platin". IFPI (in German). Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Type "Greatest Hits 1970-2002" under Titel to see search results.
Jump up ^ "Les Certifications depuis 1973". InfoDisc (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original (PHP) on 21 June 2010. Find "JOHN E." on the drop-down menu to see certifications.
Jump up ^ "Gold- /Platin-Datenbank" [Gold- /Platinum-Database]. Bundesverband Musikindustrie (in German). Type "Greatest Hits 1970-2002" under Titel to see search results.
Jump up ^ "The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand.
Jump up ^ "IFPI Norsk Platebransje". IFPI Norway (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 26 June 2006. Greatest Hits 1970–2002 was certified platinum in 2003.
Jump up ^ "Awards 2002". Swiss Charts. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original (ASPX) on 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum Searchable Database" (PHP). Recording Industry Association of America.
[hide]
v
t
e
Elton John
Discography
Albums
Singles
Videography
Awards
Studio albums
Empty Sky
Elton John
Tumbleweed Connection
Madman Across the Water
Honky Château
Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player
Goodbye Yellow Brick Road
Caribou
Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy
Rock of the Westies
Blue Moves
A Single Man
Victim of Love
21 at 33
The Fox
Jump Up!
Too Low for Zero
Breaking Hearts
Ice on Fire
Leather Jackets
Reg Strikes Back
Sleeping with the Past
The One
Duets
Made in England
The Big Picture
Songs from the West Coast
Peachtree Road
The Captain & the Kid
The Union
The Diving Board
Wonderful Crazy Night
Live albums
17-11-70
Here and There
Live in Australia with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra
Elton John One Night Only – The Greatest Hits
Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden
Soundtrack albums
Friends
The Lion King
The Muse
Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida
The Road to El Dorado
Gnomeo & Juliet
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Greatest Hits Volume II
The Thom Bell Sessions
Lady Samantha
Greatest Hits Vol. 3
The Complete Thom Bell Sessions
To Be Continued
The Very Best of Elton John
Rare Masters
Greatest Hits 1976–1986
The Superior Sound of Elton John
Chartbusters Go Pop
Classic Elton John
Love Songs
Prologue
Greatest Hits 1970–2002
Elton John's Christmas Party
Rocket Man: The Definitive Hits
Diamonds
Other albums
Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin
Good Morning to the Night
Video albums
The Afternoon Concert
The Night Time Concert
Night and Day Concert
Live in Australia
The Very Best of Elton John
Live in Barcelona
Love Songs
Elton John One Night Only – The Greatest Hits
Dream Ticket
Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden
The Red Piano
Concert tours
1970 World Tour
West of the Rockies Tour
Louder Than Concorde Tour
1980 World Tour
Jump Up Tour
Too Low for Zero Tour
European Express Tour
Breaking Hearts Tour
Ice on Fire Tour
Tour De Force
Reg Strikes Back Tour
Sleeping with the Past Tour
The One Tour
Face to Face 1994
Face to Face 1995
Made in England Tour
Big Picture Tour
Face to Face 1998
An Evening with Elton John
Medusa Tour
Stately Home Tour
Face to Face 2001
Songs from the West Coast Tour
Face to Face 2002
A Journey Through Time
2003 Tour
Face to Face 2003
2004 Tour
Peachtree Road Tour
2006 European Tour
The Captain and the Kid Tour
Rocket Man: Greatest Hits Live
Face to Face 2009
Face to Face 2010
2010 European Tour
Greatest Hits Tour
40th Anniversary of the Rocket Man
The Diving Board Tour
Follow the Yellow Brick Road Tour
All the Hits Tour
The Final Curtain Tour
Wonderful Crazy Night Tour
Farewell Yellow Brick Road
Concert residencies
The Red Piano
The Million Dollar Piano
Miscellaneous
performances
List of Elton John and Ray Cooper concert tours
The Union Tour
Musicals
The Lion King
animated
live-action
musical
Billy Elliot the Musical
Aida
Lestat
The Devil Wears Prada
Related articles
Bernie Taupin
Gus Dudgeon
Paul Buckmaster
John Reid
Dick James
David Furnish
Kiki Dee
Elton John AIDS Foundation
Watford F.C.
Bluesology
Hookfoot
Woodside, Old Windsor
The Union
Elton John: Me, Myself & I
Elton John: Tantrums & Tiaras
Elton John: The Classic Years
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Generative grammar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Generative grammar is a linguistic theory that regards grammar as a system of rules that generates exactly those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language. Noam Chomsky first used the term in relation to the theoretical linguistics of grammar that he developed in the late 1950s.[1] Linguists who follow the generative approach have been called generativists. The generative school has focused on the study of syntax, but has also addressed other aspects of a language's structure, including morphology and phonology.
Early versions of Chomsky's theory were called transformational grammar, which is still used as a general term that includes his subsequent theories.[2] The most recent is the minimalist program, from which Chomsky and other generativists have argued that many of the properties of a generative grammar arise from a universal grammar that is innate to the human brain, rather than being learned from the environment (see the poverty of the stimulus argument).
There are a number of versions of generative grammar currently practiced within linguistics. A contrasting approach is that of constraint-based grammars. Where a generative grammar attempts to list all the rules that result in all well-formed sentences, constraint-based grammars allow anything that is not otherwise constrained. Constraint-based grammars that have been proposed include certain versions of dependency grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, lexical functional grammar, categorial grammar, relational grammar, link grammar, and tree-adjoining grammar. In stochastic grammar, grammatical correctness is taken as a probabilistic variable, rather than a discrete (yes or no) property.
Contents
[hide]
1 Frameworks
1.1 Historical development of models of transformational grammar
1.1.1 Standard theory (1957–1965)
1.1.2 Extended standard theory (1965–1973)
1.1.3 Revised extended standard theory (1973–1976)
1.1.4 Relational grammar (ca. 1975–1990)
1.1.5 Government and binding / Principles and parameters theory (1981–1990)
1.1.6 Minimalist program (1990–present)
2 Context-free grammars
3 Music
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Frameworks[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
There are a number of different approaches to generative grammar. Common to all is the effort to come up with a set of rules or principles that formally defines each and every one of the members of the set of well-formed expressions of a natural language. The term generative grammar has been associated with at least the following schools of linguistics:
Transformational grammar (TG)
Standard theory (ST)
Extended standard theory (EST)
Revised extended standard theory (REST)
Principles and parameters theory (P&P)
Government and binding theory (GB)
Minimalist program (MP)
Monostratal (or non-transformational) grammars
Relational grammar (RG)
Lexical-functional grammar (LFG)
Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG)
Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG)
Categorial grammar
Tree-adjoining grammar
Historical development of models of transformational grammar[edit]
Main article: Transformational grammar
Although Leonard Bloomfield, whose work Chomsky rejects, saw the ancient Indian grammarian Pāṇini as an antecedent of structuralism,[3][4] Chomsky, in an award acceptance speech delivered in India in 2001, claimed "The first generative grammar in the modern sense was Panini's grammar".
Generative grammar has been under development since the late 1950s, and has undergone many changes in the types of rules and representations that are used to predict grammaticality. In tracing the historical development of ideas within generative grammar, it is useful to refer to various stages in the development of the theory.
Standard theory (1957–1965)[edit]
The so-called standard theory corresponds to the original model of generative grammar laid out by Chomsky in 1965.
A core aspect of standard theory is the distinction between two different representations of a sentence, called deep structure and surface structure. The two representations are linked to each other by transformational grammar.
Extended standard theory (1965–1973)[edit]
The so-called extended standard theory was formulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Features are:
syntactic constraints
generalized phrase structures (X-bar theory)
Revised extended standard theory (1973–1976)[edit]
The so-called revised extended standard theory was formulated between 1973 and 1976. It contains
restrictions upon X-bar theory (Jackendoff (1977)).
assumption of the complementizer position.
Move α
Relational grammar (ca. 1975–1990)[edit]
Main article: Relational grammar
An alternative model of syntax based on the idea that notions like subject, direct object, and indirect object play a primary role in grammar.
Government and binding / Principles and parameters theory (1981–1990)[edit]
Main article: Government and binding
Chomsky's Lectures on Government and Binding (1981) and Barriers (1986).
Minimalist program (1990–present)[edit]
Main article: Minimalist program
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Context-free grammars[edit]
Main article: Context-free grammar
Generative grammars can be described and compared, with the aid of the Chomsky hierarchy (proposed by Chomsky) in the 1950s. This sets out a series of types of formal grammars with increasing expressive power. Among the simplest types are the regular grammars (type 3); Chomsky claims that these are not adequate as models for human language, because of the allowance of the center-embedding of strings within strings, in all natural human languages.
At a higher level of complexity are the context-free grammars (type 2). The derivation of a sentence by such a grammar can be depicted as a derivation tree. Linguists working within generative grammar often view such trees as a primary object of study. According to this view, a sentence is not merely a string of words, but rather a hierarchy with subordinate and superordinate branches connected at nodes.
Essentially, the tree model works something like this example, in which S is a sentence, D is a determiner, N a noun, V a verb, NP a noun phrase and VP a verb phrase:
The resulting sentence could be The dog ate the bone. Such a tree diagram is also called a phrase marker. They can be represented more conveniently in text form, (though the result is less easy to read); in this format the above sentence would be rendered as:
[S [NP [D The ] [N dog ] ] [VP [V ate ] [NP [D the ] [N bone ] ] ] ]
Chomsky has argued that phrase structure grammars are also inadequate for describing natural languages, and formulated the more complex system of transformational grammar.[5]
Music[edit]
Generative grammar has been used to a limited extent in music theory and analysis since the 1980s.[6][7] The most well-known approaches were developed by Mark Steedman[8] as well as Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff,[9] who formalized and extended ideas from Schenkerian analysis.[10] More recently, such early generative approaches to music were further developed and extended by various scholars.[11][12][13][14]The theory of generative grammar has been manipulated by the Sun Ra Revival Post-Krautrock Archestra in the development of their post-structuralist lyrics. This is particularly emphasised in their song "Sun Ra Meets Terry Lee".
See also[edit]
Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive revolution
Digital infinity
Formal grammar
Functional theories of grammar
Generative lexicon
Generative metrics
Generative principle
Generative semantics
Linguistic competence
Parsing
Phrase structure rules
Generative systems
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Tool Module: Chomsky’s Universal Grammar". thebrain.mcgill.ca. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Mod 4 Lesson 4.2.3 Generative-Transformational Grammar Theory". www2.leeward.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
Jump up ^ Bloomfield, Leonard, 1929, 274; cited in Rogers, David, 1987, 88
Jump up ^ Hockett, Charles, 1987, 41
Jump up ^ Chomsky, Noam (1956). "Three models for the description of language" (PDF). IRE Transactions on Information Theory. 2 (3): 113–124. doi:10.1109/TIT.1956.1056813. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-19.
Jump up ^ Baroni, M., Maguire, S., and Drabkin, W. (1983). The Concept of Musical Grammar. Music Analysis, 2:175–208.
Jump up ^ Baroni, M. and Callegari, L. (1982) Eds., Musical grammars and computer analysis. Leo S. Olschki Editore: Firenze, 201–218.
Jump up ^ Steedman, M.J. (1989). "A Generative Grammar for Jazz Chord Sequences". Music Perception. 2 (1): 52–77. JSTOR 40285282. doi:10.2307/40285282.
Jump up ^ Lerdahl, Fred; Ray Jackendoff (1996). A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-62107-6.
Jump up ^ Heinrich Schenker, Free Composition. (Der Freie Satz) translated and edited by Ernst Ostler. New York: Longman, 1979.
Jump up ^ Tojo, O. Y. & Nishida, M. (2006). Analysis of chord progression by HPSG. In Proceedings of the 24th IASTED international conference on Artificial intelligence and applications, 305–310.
Jump up ^ Rohrmeier, Martin (2007). A generative grammar approach to diatonic harmonic structure. In Spyridis, Georgaki, Kouroupetroglou, Anagnostopoulou (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th Sound and Music Computing Conference, 97–100. http://smc07.uoa.gr/SMC07%20Proceedings/SMC07%20Paper%2015.pdf
Jump up ^ Giblin, Iain (2008). Music and the generative enterprise. Doctoral dissertation. University of New South Wales.
Jump up ^ Katz, Jonah; David Pesetsky (2009) "The Identity Thesis for Language and Music". http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000959
[1] [2]
Further reading[edit]
Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Hurford, J. (1990) Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition. In I. M. Roca (ed.), Logical Issues in Language Acquisition, 85–136. Foris, Dordrecht.
Isac, Daniela; Charles Reiss (2013). I-language: An Introduction to Linguistics as Cognitive Science, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-953420-3.
[hide]
v
t
e
Automata theory: formal languages and formal grammars
Chomsky hierarchy Grammars Languages Abstract machines
Type-0
—
Type-1
—
—
—
—
—
Type-2
—
—
Type-3
—
—
Unrestricted
(no common name)
Context-sensitive
Positive range concatenation
Indexed
—
Linear context-free rewriting systems
Tree-adjoining
Context-free
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Visibly pushdown
Regular
—
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Recursively enumerable
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Indexed*
—
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Tree-adjoining
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Finite
Turing machine
Decider
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PTIME Turing Machine
Nested stack
Thread automaton
restricted Tree stack automaton
Embedded pushdown
Nondeterministic pushdown
Deterministic pushdown
Visibly pushdown
Finite
Counter-free (with aperiodic finite monoid)
Acyclic finite
Each category of languages, except those marked by a *, is a proper subset of the category directly above it. Any language in each category is generated by a grammar and by an automaton in the category in the same line.
Authority control
GND: 4113707-3
NDL: 00984902
Jump up ^ "Mod 4 Lesson 4.2.3 Generative-Transformational Grammar Theory". www2.leeward.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
Jump up ^ Kamalani Hurley, Pat. "Mod 4 Lesson 4.2.3 Generative-Transformational Grammar Theory". www2.leeward.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
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