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History of Rhode Island
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The history of Rhode Island includes the history of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations since pre-colonial times.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pre-colonization
2 Rhode Island Colony period: 1636–1776
2.1 Colonial relations with Indians
3 Revolutionary era 1775–1790
3.1 Slavery in Rhode Island
4 1790–1860
4.1 Industrial Revolution
4.2 Dorr Rebellion
5 Civil War
6 The Gilded Age
7 Since 1929
8 Population
9 See also
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Pre-colonization[edit]
King Philip's Seat, an Indian meeting place on Mount Hope, (Rhode Island)
Indian inhabitants occupied most of the area now known as Rhode Island, including the Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Niantic tribes.[1] Many Indians were killed by diseases, possibly contracted through contact with European settlers and explorers (though no definitive source has been proven), and through warfare with other tribes and with European settlers. The Narragansett language died out for many years but was partially preserved in Roger Williams's A Key into the Languages of America (1643).[2]
Rhode Island Colony period: 1636–1776[edit]
Main article: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The original 1636 deed to Providence, signed by Chief Canonicus
In 1636, Roger Williams settled on land granted to him by the Narragansett tribe at the tip of Narragansett Bay after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views. He called the site "Providence Plantations" and declared it a place of religious freedom.
In 1638, Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, John Clarke, Philip Sherman, and other religious dissidents settled on Rhode Island after conferring with Williams,[3] forming the settlement of Portsmouth which was governed by the Portsmouth Compact. The southern part of the island became the separate settlement of Newport after disagreements among the founders.
Dissident Samuel Gorton purchased Indian lands at Shawomet in 1642, precipitating a dispute with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and president. Gorton received a separate charter for his settlement in 1648, which he named Warwick after his patron.[4] The union of these four towns was strengthened by the Royal Charter of 1663. Critics at the time sometimes referred to the Colony as "Rogue's Island",[5] and Cotton Mather called it "the sewer of New England" because of the Colony's willingness to accept people who had been banished from Massachusetts Bay.[6]
In 1686, King James II ordered Rhode Island to submit to the Dominion of New England and its appointed governor Edmund Andros. This suspended the Colony's charter, but Rhode Island still managed to retain possession of it until Andros was deposed and the Dominion was dissolved.[7] William of Orange became King after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and Rhode Island's independent government resumed under the 1663 charter, which was used as the state constitution until 1842.[8]
In 1693, William III and Mary II issued a patent extending Rhode Island's territory to three miles "east and northeast" of Narragansett Bay, conflicting with the claims of Plymouth Colony.[9] This resulted in several later transfers of territory between Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
Colonial relations with Indians[edit]
Roger Williams meeting with the Narragansetts
The early relationship between New Englanders and Indians was mostly peaceable. The largest tribes that lived near Rhode Island were the Wampanoags, Pequots, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks. Squanto was a member of the Wampanoag tribe who stayed with the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony and taught them many valuable skills needed to survive in the area.
Roger Williams won the respect of his Colonial neighbors for his skill in keeping the powerful Narragansetts on friendly terms with the Colonists. In 1637, the Narragansetts formed an alliance with Rhode Island during the Pequot War. However, this peace did not last long, as the most traumatic event in 17th century Rhode Island was King Philip's War (1675–76). Metacomet, the chief of the Wampanoag Indians, was known as King Philip by the settlers of Portsmouth who had purchased their land from his father Massasoit. He led attacks around Narragansett Bay, despite Rhode Island's continued neutrality, and later these spread throughout New England. A force of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth militia under General Josiah Winslow invaded and destroyed the fortified Narragansett Indian village in the Great Swamp in southern Rhode Island on December 19, 1675.[10] The Narragansetts also invaded and burned down several of the Rhode Island settlements, including Providence, although they allowed the population to leave first. In one of the final actions of the war, troops from Connecticut led by Captain Benjamin Church hunted down and killed King Philip at Mount Hope.
Revolutionary era 1775–1790[edit]
William Ellery
Governor Joseph Wanton (being doused with punch and vomit) and other prominent Rhode Island merchants in "Sea Captains Carousing in Surinam," a 1755 painting
Rhode Island was the first British colony in America to formally declare its independence, doing so on May 4, 1776, a full two months before the national Declaration of Independence.[11] Previously, Rhode Islanders attacked the British warship HMS Gaspee in 1772 as one of the first overt acts of rebellion in America. British naval forces under Captain James Wallace controlled Narragansett Bay for much of the Revolution, periodically raiding the islands and the mainland. The British raided Prudence Island for livestock and engaged in a skirmish with American forces, losing approximately a dozen soldiers. Newport remained a hotbed for Tory or Loyalist sympathizers who assisted the British forces. The state appointed General William West of Scituate to root out Tories in the winter of 1775–76. British forces eventually occupied Newport from 1777 to 1778, causing the colonial forces to flee to Bristol.
The Battle of Rhode Island was fought during the summer of 1778 and was an unsuccessful attempt to expel the British from Narragansett Bay, although few colonial casualties occurred. The Marquis de Lafayette called the action the "best fought" of the war. The following year, the British wanted to concentrate their forces in New York and consequently abandoned Newport.
In 1780, the French under Rochambeau landed in Newport and, for the rest of the war, Newport was the base of the French forces in the United States. The French soldiers behaved themselves so well that, in gratitude, the Rhode Island General Assembly repealed an old law banning Catholics from living in Rhode Island. The first Catholic mass in Rhode Island was said in Newport during this time.
Rhode Island was the last of the original 13 states to ratify the United States Constitution (May 29, 1790), only doing so after being threatened with having its exports taxed as a foreign nation. Rural resistance to the Constitution was strong in Rhode Island, and the anti-federalist Country Party controlled the General Assembly from 1786 to 1790. In 1788, anti-federalist politician and revolutionary general William West led an armed force of 1,000 men to Providence to oppose a July 4 celebration of the state ratifying the Constitution.[12] Civil war was narrowly averted by a compromise limiting the Fourth of July celebration.
Slavery in Rhode Island[edit]
a typical 19th-century Rhode Island farm in North Smithfield
Moses Brown. Portrait by Martin Johnson Heade
Rhode Island was heavily involved in the slave trade during the post-Revolution era, prior to industrialization. In 1652, Rhode Island passed the first abolition law in the thirteen colonies, banning African slavery,[13] but the law was not enforced by the end of the 17th century. By 1774, the slave population of RI was 6.3%, nearly twice as high as any other New England colony. In the late 18th century, several Rhode Island merchant families began actively engaging in the triangle slave trade, most notably the Browns, for whom Brown University is named. In the years after the Revolution, Rhode Island merchants controlled between 60 and 90 percent of the American trade in African slaves.[14] In the 18th century, Rhode Island's economy depended largely upon the triangle trade, where Rhode Islanders distilled rum from molasses, sent the rum to Africa to trade for slaves, and then traded the slaves in the West Indies for more molasses.
Stephen Hopkins introduced a bill while serving in the Rhode Island Assembly in 1774 that prohibited the importation of slaves into the colony. This became one of the first anti-slavery laws in the United States. In February 1784, the Rhode Island Legislature passed a compromise measure for gradual emancipation of slaves within Rhode Island. All children of slaves born after March 1 were to be "apprentices," the girls to become free at 18, the boys at 21. By 1840, the census reported only five African Americans enslaved in Rhode Island.[14]
Despite the antislavery laws of 1774, 1784, and 1787, an international slave trade continued. In 1789, an Abolition Society was organized to secure enforcement of existing laws against the trade. Leading merchants continued to engage in the trade even after it became illegal, especially John Brown and George DeWolf. After 1770, slaving was never more than a minor aspect of Rhode Island's overall maritime trade.[15]
Rhode Island manufactured numerous textiles throughout the early 19th century using southern cotton cultivated with slave labor—as did all other American textile manufacturers of the time.[16] By the mid-19th century, many Rhode Islanders were active in the abolitionist movement, particularly Quakers in Newport and Providence such as Moses Brown.[17]
1790–1860[edit]
Industrial Revolution[edit]
Samuel Slater (1768–1835) popularly called "The Father of the American Industrial Revolution"
In 1790, English immigrant Samuel Slater founded the first textile mill in the United States in Pawtucket, Rhode Island (Slater Mill) and became known as the father of the American industrial revolution. During the 19th century, Rhode Island became one of the most industrialized states in the United States with large numbers of textile factories. The state also had significant machine tool, silverware, and costume jewelry industries.[18]
Dorr Rebellion[edit]
Main article: Dorr Rebellion
The Industrial Revolution moved large numbers of workers into cities and attracted large numbers of immigrants from Ireland, and a permanently landless—and therefore voteless—class developed. By 1829, 60% of the state's white men were ineligible to vote. All efforts at reform failed in the face of rural control of the political system. In 1842, Thomas Dorr drafted a liberal constitution which he tried to ratify by popular referendum. However, conservative Governor Samuel Ward King opposed the constitution, leading to the Dorr Rebellion. The Rebellion gained little support and failed, and Dorr went to prison. The conservative elements relented, however, and allowed most American-born men to vote, but the conservative rural towns remained in control of the legislature.[19]
Civil War[edit]
Main article: Rhode Island in the American Civil War
During the American Civil War, Rhode Island furnished 25,236 fighting men to the Union armies, of which 1,685 died. These comprised 12 infantry regiments, three cavalry regiments, and an assortment of artillery and miscellaneous outfits. Rhode Island used its industrial capacity to supply the Union Army with the materials needed to win the war, along with the other northern states. Rhode Island's continued growth and modernization led to the creation of an urban mass transit system and improved health and sanitation programs. In 1866, Rhode Island abolished racial segregation throughout the state.[20] Governor William Sprague IV fought at the First Battle of Bull Run while a sitting governor, and Rhode Island general Ambrose Burnside emerged as one of the major heroes of the war.
The Gilded Age[edit]
Nelson W. Aldrich pushed for protectionist tariffs
The fifty or so years following the Civil War were a time of prosperity and affluence that author William G. McLoughlin called "Rhode Island's halcyon era."[21] Rhode Island was a center of the Gilded Age and provided a home (or summer home) to the many of the country's most prominent robber barons.[21] This was a time of incredible growth in textile mills and manufacturing, and saw a huge influx of immigrants to fill those jobs.[21] The state saw increased population growth and urbanization, even as the state denied the growing urban masses access to political power.[21] In politics, the state was dominated by Republicans allied with their mouthpiece newspaper, The Providence Journal.[21] The Journal's editor Henry B. Anthony and his later protege Nelson Aldrich, along with war hero Ambrose Burnside, all Republicans, dominated politics during this time. Aldrich, as US Senator, became known as the "General Manager of the United States," for his ability to set high tariffs to protect Rhode Island — and American — goods from foreign competition.[21]
In Newport, New York's wealthiest industrialists created a summer haven to socialize and build ostentatious grand mansions.[21] In Providence, Pawtucket, Central Falls, and Woonsocket, thousands of French-Canadian, Italian, Irish, and Portuguese immigrants arrived to fill jobs in the textile and manufacturing mills.[21] In response, the Know Nothing party, allied with the Republicans and the Providence Journal, sought to exclude these newcomers from the political process.[21] The constitution of 1843 denied the vote to the landless poor, and ensured that urban centers were disproportionately underrepresented in the state legislature.[21]
Around the start of the 20th century, Rhode Island had a booming economy, which fed the demand for immigration. During World War I, Rhode Island furnished 28,817 troops, of whom 612 died. After the war, the state was hit hard by the Spanish Influenza.[22]
In the 1920s and 30s, rural Rhode Island saw a surge in Ku Klux Klan membership, largely among the native-born white population, in reaction to the large waves of immigrants moving to the state. The Klan is believed to be responsible for burning the Watchman Industrial School in Scituate, Rhode Island, which was a school for African American children.[23]
Since 1929[edit]
U.S. Senator and Governor, T.F. Green
In 1935, Governor Theodore Francis Green and Democratic majorities in the state House and Senate replaced a Republican dominance that had existed since the middle of the 19th century in what is termed the "Bloodless Revolution." The Rhode Island Democratic Party has dominated state politics ever since.[24][25] Since then, the Speaker of the House has always been a Democrat and one of the most powerful figures in government.
The Democratic Party presents itself as a coalition of labor unions, working class immigrants, intellectuals, college students, and the rising ethnic middle class. The Republican Party has been dominant in rural and suburban parts of the state, and has nominated occasional reform candidates who criticize the state's high taxes and excesses of Democratic domination. Cranston Mayors Edward D. DiPrete and Stephen Laffey, Governor Donald Carcieri of East Greenwich, and former Mayor Vincent A. "Buddy" Cianci of Providence ran as Republican reform candidates.
The state income tax was first enacted in 1971 as a temporary measure. Prior to 1971, there was no income tax in the state, but the temporary income tax soon became permanent. The tax burden in Rhode Island remains among the five highest in the United States, including sales, gasoline, property, cigarette, corporate, and capital gains taxes.[26][27]
Rhode Islanders have overwhelmingly supported and re-elected Democrats to positions of authority, where issues are promoted involving education, health care, and liberal causes. As of 2014[update] Rhode Island has heavily Democrat-controlled legislatures; both U.S. Senators and Congressmen, and all statewide offices are held by Democrats. The state has been carried by Democrat presidential candidates in every election since 1988.[28]
Population[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 68,825 —
1800 69,122 0.4%
1810 76,931 11.3%
1820 83,059 8.0%
1830 97,199 17.0%
1840 108,830 12.0%
1850 147,545 35.6%
1860 174,620 18.4%
1870 217,353 24.5%
1880 276,531 27.2%
1890 345,506 24.9%
1900 428,556 24.0%
1910 542,610 26.6%
1920 604,397 11.4%
1930 687,497 13.7%
2010 1,052,567 —
See also[edit]
British Empire portal
United Kingdom portal
England portal
United States portal
North America portal
Rhode Island portal
Main article: Historical outline of Rhode Island
Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island
History of New England
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Thirteen Colonies
List of newspapers in Rhode Island in the 18th century
Timeline of Rhode Island[29]
Timeline of Newport, Rhode Island
Timeline of Providence, Rhode Island
Regarding border disputes
Washington County, Rhode Island
Bristol County, Rhode Island
History of Massachusetts
History of Connecticut
References[edit]
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Francis J. (2004) Bibliography for Studies of American Indians in and Around Rhode Island, 16th – 21st Centuries
Jump up ^ berkeley.edu website
Jump up ^ This is the largest island in Narragansett Bay, called Aquidneck Island today.
Jump up ^ Charter of Rhode Island (1663)
Jump up ^ Marty, Martin E. (1985-08-06). Pilgrims in Their Own Land: 500 Years of Religion in America. Penguin (Non-Classics). p. 77. ISBN 0-14-008268-9.
Jump up ^ Mike Stanton, "Rhode Island: The Story Behind the Numbers," http://www.stateintegrity.org/rhodeisland_story_subpage
Jump up ^ Alan Taylor, American Colonies, (2001), pp. 276–284
Jump up ^ Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, (2005), p. 540.
Jump up ^ The Rhode Islander: The border is ... where? Part II
Jump up ^ King Philip's War Archived 2007-10-26 at the Wayback Machine. in historyplace.com
Jump up ^ The North American Review, "Hunter's Oration," Published by Oliver Everett, 1826, Item notes: v.23(1826), pg.457 [1]
Jump up ^ William R. Staples, Annals of the Town of Providence from its First Settlement to the Organization of the City Government in June 1832 (Providence, 1843), p. 332 (Rhode Island Historical Society Collections, accessed on Google Book Search July 18, 2008)
Jump up ^ John Carter Brown Library Exhibitions
^ Jump up to: a b Slavery in Rhode Island
Jump up ^ J. Stanley Lemons, "Rhode Island and the Slave Trade," Rhode Island History, Nov 2002, Vol. 60 Issue 4, pp 94–104,
Jump up ^ Providence Journal | Rhode Island news, sports, weather & more – Providence Journal
Jump up ^ Providence Journal | Rhode Island news, sports, weather & more – Providence Journal
Jump up ^ Peter J. Coleman, The Transformation of Rhode Island, 1790–1860 (1963).
Jump up ^ George M. Dennison, The Dorr War: Republicanism on Trial, 1831–1861 (1976)
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-02-03. Retrieved 2006-03-28. Accessed 3/28/06
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j McLoughlin, William G (1986). Rhode Island: A History. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 148–168. ISBN 0393302717.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-03-02. Retrieved 2006-03-28. Accessed 3/28/06
Jump up ^ Robert Smith, In The 1920s the Klan Ruled the Countryside, The Rhode Island Century, The Providence Journal, 4/26/1999
Jump up ^ MacKay, Scott (23 May 2010). "Fighting Bob Quinn and the Bloodless Revolution". RIPR website. Rhode Island Public Radio. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Nesi, Ted (1 January 2013). "New Year's Day marks 78 years since RI 'Bloodless Revolution'". WPRI.com. WPRI Eyewitness News. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "CHAPTER VIII, The Era of Transition. 1946–1983". State of Rhode Island General Assembly. 2009-12-29. Archived from the original on 2012-09-02.
Jump up ^ Fred Brock, Retire on Less Than You Think: The New York Times Guide to Planning Your Financial Future (Macmillan, 2007) https://books.google.com/books?id=xkJvS7juYXwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Jump up ^ Ronald J. Hrebenar, S. Thomas Clive S. Thomas Interest Group Politics (Penn State Press, 2004) pg. 301–305 ISBN 027102576X, 9780271025766 https://books.google.com/books?id=CH5bjzuQ2eAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Jump up ^ Federal Writers' Project (1937), "Chronology", Rhode Island, American Guide Series, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, OCLC 691847
Bibliography[edit]
Aubin, Albert K. The French in Rhode Island (Rhode Island Heritage Commission, 1988).
Coleman, Peter J. The Transformation of Rhode Island, 1790–1860 (1963). online edition
Conley, Patrick T. The Irish in Rhode Island (Rhode Island Heritage Commission, 1988).
Coughtry, Jay A. The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700–1807 (1981).
Crane, Elaine Forman. A Dependent People: Newport, Rhode Island in the Revolutionary Era (Fordham University Press, (1992) online edition
Dennison, George M. The Dorr War: Republicanism on Trial, 1831–1861 (1976) online edition
Field, Edward. State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (3 vols. 1902).
Hall, Donald, foreword, Feintuch, Burt and Watters, David H., editors, Encyclopedia of New England (2005), comprehensive coverage by scholars
James, Sidney V. Colonial Rhode Island: A History (1975).
Levine, Erwin L. Theodore Francis Green, The Rhode Island Years (Brown University Press, 1963)
Lockard, Duane. New England State Politics (1959) pp 172–227; covers 1932–1958
Lovejoy, David. Rhode Island Politics and the American Revolution, 1760–1776 (1958). online edition
McLoughlin, William G. Rhode Island: A History (States and the Nation) (1976) excerpt and text search
Mayer, Kurt B. Economic Development and Population Growth in Rhode Island (1953).
Moakley, Maureen, and Elmer Cornwell. Rhode Island Politics and Government (2001) online edition
Morse, J. (1797). "Rhode Island". The American Gazetteer. Boston, Massachusetts: At the presses of S. Hall, and Thomas & Andrews.
Peirce, Neal R. The New England States: People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States (1976) pp 141–81; updated in Neal R. Peirce and Jerry Hagstrom, The Book of America: Inside the Fifty States Today (1983) pp 187–92
Polishook, Irwin. Rhode Island and the Union (1969).
Preston, Howard W. Rhode Island and the Sea (1932).
Santoro, Carmela E. The Italians in Rhode Island: The Age of Exploration to the Present, 1524–1989 (Rhode Island Heritage Commission, 1990),
Weeden, William B. Early Rhode Island: A Social History of the People (1910).
Withey, Lynne E. Urban Growth in Colonial Rhode Island: Newport and Providence in the Eighteenth Century (1984).
WPA (Works Progress Administration). Rhode Island: A Guide to the Smallest State (1937), famous guide to state & every town & city
External links[edit]
O'Brien, Francis J. (2004) Bibliography for Studies of American Indians in and Around Rhode Island, 16th – 21st Centuries
Providence Journal
Rhode Island History
Rhode Island Naval History
1853 History of Rhode Island (full text online)
State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations at the end of the century by Edward Field. History of the state, published in 1902. (Full text available online.)
1663 charter
Indian Place Names
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Witches of East End (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Witches of East End
Genre
Supernatural drama
Fantasy
Comedy-drama
Based on
Witches of East End
by Melissa de la Cruz
Developed by
Maggie Friedman
Starring
Julia Ormond
Mädchen Amick
Jenna Dewan Tatum
Rachel Boston
Daniel Di Tomasso
Eric Winter
Christian Cooke
Composer(s)
Lisa Coleman
Wendy Melvoin
Peter Nashal
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
23 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Maggie Friedman
Erwin Stoff
Allan Arkush
Richard Hatem
Josh Reims
Jessica Tuchinsky
Mark Waters
Producer(s)
Shawn Williamson
Kelly A. Manners
Location(s)
Wilmington, North Carolina (pilot only)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Cinematography
Robert Aschmann
Mathias Herndl
John Lindley
Editor(s)
Bruce Green
Randy Jon Morgan
Pattye Rogers
Sharidan Sotelo
Nancy Forner
Jacque Elaine Toberen
Running time
43 minutes
Production company(s)
3 Arts Entertainment
Curly Girly Productions
Fox 21
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
Lifetime
Picture format
720p (HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital 5.1
Original release
October 6, 2013 (2013-10-06) – October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)
External links
Official website
Witches of East End is an American television series based on the book of the same name by Melissa de la Cruz.[1] The series premiered on Lifetime on October 6, 2013.[2] Set in the fictional seaside town of East End, it follows the lives of a family of witches – Joanna Beauchamp (Julia Ormond) and her two grown-up daughters, Freya Beauchamp (Jenna Dewan Tatum) and Ingrid Beauchamp (Rachel Boston), as well as her sister Wendy Beauchamp (Mädchen Amick).
On November 22, 2013, Lifetime renewed Witches of East End for a second season to consist of 13 episodes,[3] which premiered on July 6, 2014.[4] On November 4, 2014, Lifetime cancelled Witches of East End after a decline in ratings during the second season.[5][6][7] The series finale aired on October 5, 2014.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Cast, people, and characters
3 Development and production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
4 Reception
4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Ratings
5 Broadcasts
6 Cancellation and fan campaign
7 References
8 External links
Overview[edit]
The series stars Julia Ormond as lead character Joanna Beauchamp, a witch and mother of Freya Beauchamp (Jenna Dewan Tatum) and Ingrid Beauchamp (Rachel Boston), who are part of the next generation of witches. Mädchen Amick co-stars as Joanna's mischievous witch sister Wendy Beauchamp. The series is loosely based on the book's plot, with one change being that Freya and Ingrid are initially unaware of their magical powers.[8]
Cast, people, and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Witches of East End characters
Julia Ormond as Joanna Beauchamp
Mädchen Amick as Wendy Beauchamp[a]
Jenna Dewan Tatum as Freya Beauchamp
Rachel Boston as Ingrid Beauchamp
Daniel Di Tomasso as Killian Gardiner
Eric Winter as Dash Gardiner
Christian Cooke as Frederick Beauchamp (season 2)[4]
Notes: a^ Guest in pilot, starring from episode 2 onwards.
Development and production[edit]
On July 19, 2012, it was announced that Lifetime had ordered a pilot for Witches of East End for its 2013 season, and that the show would be executive-produced by both Maggie Friedman and Erwin Stoff, and produced by Fox 21.[9] On January 31, 2013, it was revealed that Lifetime had picked up Witches of East End with ten episodes and that it was scheduled to premiere later that year.[10][11][12] The executive VP of programming for Lifetime Networks, Rob Sharenow, said "We've been thrilled about Witches of East End and its powerful premise since the moment we bought the property, and our friends at Fox 21 helped develop it for television. This is one of the most exciting ensemble casts we've seen and the whole show is fresh, original and just right for Lifetime."[13]
Casting[edit]
On August 30, 2012, it was announced that Julia Ormond had landed a main role on the show, as Joanna Beauchamp.[14] On September 14, 2012, the role of Freya Beauchamp was officially given to Jenna Dewan Tatum,[15] who publicly announced on December 17, 2012, that she and husband Channing Tatum were expecting their first child.[16] On September 17, 2012, the leading male role of Dash Gardiner was assigned to Patrick Heusinger.[17] And on September 19, 2012, Rachel Boston and model Daniel Di Tomasso were announced to have earned the two remaining main roles, respectively Ingrid Beauchamp and Killian Gardiner.[18] Finally, as announced on September 25, 2012, Nicholas Gonzalez would portray detective Matt Torcoletti.[19] On October 9, 2012, two guest star announcements were made: Mädchen Amick, who then became a part of the permanent main cast, and Glenne Headly - Amick as Wendy (Joanna's sister) and a leading role and Headly as Penelope (the Gardiner brothers' mother).[20] Tom Lenk was later given the role of Hudson Rafferty, Ingrid's best friend, as announced on October 16, 2012.[21]
Casting however underwent a few changes. As revealed by Nicholas Gonzalez himself on his Twitter account,[citation needed] a few days after the pick-up announcement, the actor was dropped from the show, and on June 6, 2013, it was announced that Patrick Heusinger's role as Dash Gardiner would be recast, for creative reasons.[22] On June 26, TVLine revealed that Eric Winter would replace Patrick Heusinger as Dash Gardiner.[23] On July 9, the recurring role of the detective Adam (formerly Matt Torcoletti) was assigned to Jason George.[24] On July 12, Virginia Madsen replaced Glenne Headly for a multi-episode arc as Penelope, Dash and Killian's mother.[25] On August 12, Freddie Prinze, Jr. booked a guest role on the show, as Leo Wingate, with a possibility that it could become recurring.[26] On August 14, Anthony Lemke was cast as recurring Harrison Welles.[27]
Filming[edit]
Filming the pilot episode began on October 16, 2012 in the port town of Wilmington, North Carolina, where several scenes were shot. On October 29, 2012, the crew moved for a week to Macon, Georgia, where they filmed the wedding scenes for the pilot at the historical Hay House.[11]
When the network Lifetime announced Witches of East End was going to be a series, it was also revealed that filming the rest of the series would happen in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, instead of continuing in Wilmington, NC.[28] Maggie Friedman announced on Twitter on June 10 that she was scouting locations for the series, trying to "find Fair Haven".[29]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
Critical reaction to Witches of East End has been mixed, with a score of 50 on Metacritic[30] and 70% for the first season on Rotten Tomatoes[31] with a consensus saying "Although it's ridiculously soapy, Witches of East End is often campy fun; it's a supernatural spectacle that's entertaining despite its silliness."
Lori Rackl of Chicago Sun-Times[32] described the show as a "Soapy, silly adaptation of Melissa de la Cruz's best-seller." Matthew Gilbert of Boston Globe[33] reviewed the show saying "[It] will remain a missable new supernatural series populated by wooden actors and feeble plotlines." Matt Roush of TV Guide[34] summed up his review saying "Whatever the opposite of spellbinding is, that's this show." Diane Werts of Newsday gave the show a more positive review, saying "What's utterly clear is that the starter hour picks up steam whenever loose-cannon Amick bops around -- although Ormond does a nice job of grounding its shenanigans in a semblance of reality." She finishes her review giving the pilot a B rating.[35] Allison Keene from The Hollywood Reporter also praised the premiere, claiming "Witches of East End is up against a number of other supernatural shows, and there becomes a question of saturation. Fortunately or unfortunately, we aren't at that point, yet. It seems there's plenty more room at the table, and there, Witches of East End currently looks like the most fun."[36] Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times also gave the show a glowing review, starting off by negatively reviewing the "humorless" witches on shows such as the 2013 debuts of Sleepy Hollow and The Originals, then going on to say Witches of East End is a welcome relief to those series. He further applauds the casting and characters, saying "thanks to zippy repartee among the stars. Ms. Amick is hilarious, and Ms. Dewan Tatum and Ms. Boston make a pretty amusing pair of mismatched sisters." He ends the review with "there is a lot of heavy fare on television on Sunday nights. If Witches can retain its wry tone, it will be a satisfying alternative for viewers looking for a lighter way to end the weekend."[37] Lily Moayeri of Under the Radar[38] compared the show with Charmed saying "Witch-themed shows work better when both the witches and the target audience are teenagers. The grown-up witches on Witches of East End are just a little too ridiculous-even more so than the witch sister trio of Charmed."
The show's second season currently has a 90% user rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[39]
Ratings[edit]
Witches of East End premiered on a Sunday night to 1.93 million viewers and a 0.7 18-49 rating.[40] The premiere rated on par to the June 23 premiere of Lifetime's other new show Devious Maids, however, Witches of East End faced a lot of tough competition and ended the night being the number two scripted drama on cable, behind Boardwalk Empire on HBO.
The following week, Witches of East End pulled a total of 1.93 million viewers and rose to a 0.8 18-49 rating, despite the return of The Walking Dead and its talk show Talking Dead breaking records on AMC.[41] The show remained the second highest-rated cable drama of the night again, behind The Walking Dead.
Season
Timeslot (EST)
Number of Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Average
(in millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
18-49 Rating
Date
Viewers
(millions)
18-49 Rating
1
Sunday 10:00 pm
10
October 6, 2013 (2013-10-06)
1.93[42]
0.7[42]
December 15, 2013 (2013-12-15)
1.74[43]
0.6[43]
1.67[5]
2
Sunday 9:00 pm
13
July 6, 2014 (2014-07-06)
1.12[44]
0.5
October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)
1.03
0.4
1.13[5]
Broadcasts[edit]
Witches of East End premiered in the United Kingdom on November 5, 2013 on the second night of the newly formed UK channel, Lifetime UK.[45] The second season premiered on August 25, 2014. In Australia, Witches of East End premiered on Eleven on August 4, 2014.[46]
Cancellation and fan campaign[edit]
On November 4, 2014, it was announced that Lifetime had cancelled Witches of East End after a decline in ratings during the second season.[5][6][7] The first season averaged 1.67 million viewers, but dropped in its second season to 1.13 million.[5] After its cancellation, fans launched an online petition campaign to save the show called "Renew Witches of East End".[47] The petition became popular on Twitter, where fans were told to use the hashtag #RenewWitchesofEastEnd and tweet it to Lifetime's Twitter account.[47] Fans have also campaigned the online streaming service Netflix to pick up the show.[48] The campaign received support from celebrities on Twitter who backed the show to be renewed, including Channing Tatum, William Shatner and Snooki as well as stars from cult television series such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer's Sarah Michelle Gellar and Charmed's Shannen Doherty and Holly Marie Combs.[47] As of June 2017 and after 3 years since the finale, the petition has received more than 272,000 signatures.[49]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Lifetime's 'Witches Of East End' Picked Up To Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "TCA: Lifetime's 'Witches Of East End' Debuts Oct. 6". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Witches of East End' Renewed for Second Season by Lifetime". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Roots, Kimberly (2014-05-07). "'Witches of East End' Season 2 Premiere Date". TVLine. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Abrams, Natalie (November 4, 2014). "Lifetime cancels 'Witches of East End'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Ng, Philiana (November 4, 2014). "'Witches of East End' Canceled by Lifetime". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (November 4, 2014). "Witches of East End Cancelled by Lifetime After Two Seasons". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (October 16, 2012). "'Buffy's' Tom Lenk Joins Lifetime's 'Witches of East End' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lifetime Orders 'The Secret Lives Of Wives', 'Witches Of East End' Pilots". Deadline Hollywood. 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (2013-01-31). "Lifetime's 'Witches Of East End' Picked Up To Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lifetime TV pilot shoots at Hay House". Macon.com. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Levine, Stuart (February 1, 2013). "Lifetime orders 'Witches of East End'". Variety. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Baysinger, Tim (2013-01-31). "Lifetime Picks Up Drama 'Witches of East End' | Broadcasting & Cable". Broadcastingcable.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (2012-08-30). "Julia Ormond To Star In Lifetime Pilot 'Witches Of East End'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly (2012-09-14). "Jenna Dewan 'Witches of East End' — Lifetime Pilot Casts 'Step Up' Star". TVLine. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Channing Tatum, Jenna Dewan-Tatum Expecting First Child". MTV. 2012-12-17. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Lifetime taps male lead for 'Witches': Patrick Heusinger joins Fox 21 pilot from scribe Maggie Friedman - tribunedigital-chicagotribune". Articles.chicagotribune.com. 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly (2012-09-19). "Witches of East End Casts Rachel Boston — Pilot". TVLine. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Nicholas Gonzalez Nabs Series Regular Role On Lifetime's 'Witches Of East End' Pilot; Brooke Lyons To Do Arc On 'Psych'". Deadline Hollywood. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Lesley Goldberg (2012-10-09). "Madchen Amick, Glenne Headly Join Lifetime's 'Witches of East End' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Lesley Goldberg (2012-10-16). "'Buffy's' Tom Lenk Joins Lifetime's 'Witches of East End' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Michael Ausiello (June 7, 2013). "Exclusive: Lifetime's Witches of East End Recasting Jenna Dewan-Tatum's On-Screen Beau". TV Line. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (2013-06-26). "'Witches of East End' Cast: Eric Winter Replaces Patrick Heusinger". TVLine. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Lesley Goldberg (2013-07-09). "'Grey's Anatomy' Favorite Heads to 'Witches of East End'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (2013-07-12). "'Witches of East End' Season 1: Virginia Madsen Joins Cast". TVLine. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Gonzalez, Sandra (2013-08-12). "'Witches of East End': Freddie Prinze Jr. to guest star as... | EW.com". Insidetv.ew.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Anthony Lemke Joins Lifetime's Witches of East End". The Televixen. 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ ""Witches of East End" goes to series, but production moves to Vancouver". StarNewsOnline.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Witches of East End - Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Witches of East End: Season 2". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Chicago | Chicago : News : Politics : Things To Do : Sports". Suntimes.com. 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "'Witches' a bland stew - Television". Boston.com. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Roush, Matt (2013-10-04). "The Weekend Playlist: Simpsons' Halloween Tradition, PBS's Paradise, More Witches - Today's News: Our Take". TVGuide.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "'Witches of East End' review: Shifting tone". Newsday. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Keene, Allison (2013-10-04). "Witches of East End: TV Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Genzlinger, Neil (October 4, 2013). "Daughters Inheriting the Practice : 'Witches of East End' Sweep in on Lifetime". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Moayeri, Lily. "Witches of East End (Lifetime, Sundays 10/9 Central) Review | Under the Radar - Music Magazine". Undertheradarmag.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Witches of East End: Season 2". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians' & 'Thursday Night Football: Special Edition' Tie for Lead + 'Real Housewives of New Jersey' & More - Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com. 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night, 'Talking Dead', 'Witches of East End', 'Homeland, 'Boardwalk Empire' & More - Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (October 8, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night, 'Talking Dead', 'Witches of East End', 'Homeland, 'Boardwalk Empire' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (December 17, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Real Housewives of Atlanta' Tops Night + 'Homeland', 'Bar Rescue', 'Psych' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (July 9, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Wins Night, 'The Last Ship', 'Falling Skies', 'The Leftovers', 'Devious Maids', 'Witches of East End', & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lifetime UK Sets Premiere Date For 'Witches Of East End'". TVWise. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (July 22, 2014). "Update: Witches of East End". TV Tonight. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hetherington, Gavin (November 20, 2014). "Witches of East End – The Ultimate #RenewWitchesofEastEnd Guide". SpoilerTV.com. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ang, Alvin (February 26, 2015). "The latest on 'Witches of East End' renewal efforts; Witches cast and producers remain optimistic". Ecumenical News. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Machado, Sam (August 1, 2015). "'Witches Of East End' Season 3 News: Petition Gains A Good Haul Of More Signatures, But Is It Too Late For A Renewal?". Enstarz.com. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
External links[edit]
Official website
Witches of East End on IMDb
Witches of East End at TV.com
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