text:
Gender symbol
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A gender symbol is a pictogram or glyph used to represent either biological sex or sociological gender (a terminological distinction originating in 1950s sociology) in either biology, medicine, genealogy or selective breeding, or in sociology, gender politics, LGBT subculture and identity politics.
Pictograms used to indicate male and female public toilets became widely used beginning in the 1960s.[1]
The shape of the Mars symbol has been likened to an iron-tipped spear (i.e. a weapon mainly used by men) and shape of the Venus symbol to a bronze mirror or a distaff (associated with women in the past).[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Biology and medicine
2 Sociology
3 See also
4 Notes
5 External links
Biology and medicine[edit]
The two standard sex symbols are the Mars symbol ♂ (often considered to represent a shield and spear) for male and Venus symbol ♀ (often considered to represent a bronze mirror with a handle) for female, derived from astrological symbols, denoting the classical planets Mars and Venus, respectively. They were first used to denote the effective sex of plants (i.e. sex of individual in a given crossbreed, since most plants are hermaphroditic) by Carl Linnaeus in 1751.[3]
They are still used in scientific publications to indicate the sex of an individual, for example of a patient.[4] Pedigree charts published in scientific papers now more commonly use a square for male and a circle for female.[5]
Mars symbol (U+2642 ♂). The symbol for a male organism or man.
Venus symbol (U+2640 ♀). The symbol for a female organism or woman.
Square symbol (U+25A1 □). The symbol for a male family member in a pedigree chart.[5] A triangle is also often used.
Circle symbol (U+25CB ○). The symbol for a female family member in a pedigree chart.[5]
From the symbol of Mercury (U+263F ☿). This symbol is used to indicate a virgin female (for example, in genetic analysis). Also used in botany to indicate flower with both male and female reproductive organs.
☿ can also be used as a unisex symbol since intersex Hermaphroditus was a child of Hermes and Aphrodite (Mercury and Venus).
Sociology[edit]
Main article: Public toilet § Gender and public toilets
Gender pictograms are frequently used to mark public toilets.
Standard AIGA symbols
Non-AIGA women's public restroom symbol
Non-AIGA Men's public restroom symbol
Since the 1970s, variations of gender symbols have also been used to express sexual orientation and political ideology. The first instance of this was the use of two interlocking male symbols to represent male homosexuality.[6] Since the 2000s, numerous such variants have been introduced in the context of LGBT culture and politics. Some of these symbols have been adopted into Unicode (in the Miscellaneous Symbols block) beginning with version 4.1 (2005):
Main article: LGBT symbols § Gender symbols
Unicode name
hex
dec
Meaning
Doubled female sign ⚢ U+26A2 ⚢ Female homosexuality
Doubled male sign ⚣ U+26A3 ⚣ Male homosexuality
Interlocked female and male sign ⚤ U+26A4 ⚤ Heterosexuality
Male and female sign ⚥ U+26A5 ⚥ Male and Female[7]
Male with stroke sign ⚦ U+26A6 ⚦ Transgender
Male with stroke and male and female sign ⚧ U+26A7 ⚧ Transgender
Neo-pagan male symbol ("blade")
Neo-pagan female symbol ("chalice")
See also[edit]
Alchemical symbol
Astrological symbols
Miscellaneous Symbols Unicode block
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ sex-segregated public bathrooms existed since at least the 1880s, originally labelled in writing. The stick-figure pictograms were popularized with their introduction by British Rail in the 1960s. The genius behind the stick figure toilet signs, BBC Future (2014). "One of the best early examples of intuitive global signs for public lavatories was that created for British Rail in the mid-1960s. [...] In the 1970s, the British example was developed on a more comprehensive basis in the United States. In 1974, the US Department of Transportation commissioned the American Institute of Graphic Arts to create a set of pictograms to be used throughout public transport networks whether road, rail, air or sea." "In Poland, meanwhile, you can come across lavatories indicating 'gents' with a triangle and 'ladies' with a circle, while in Lithuania men are represented by an inverted pyramid and women by a pyramid standing the right way up."
Jump up ^ Taylor, Robert B. (18 April 2016). "White Coat Tales: Medicine's Heroes, Heritage, and Misadventures". Springer – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Stearn, William T. (May 1962). "The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols of Biology". Taxon. 11 (4): 109–113. doi:10.2307/1217734. JSTOR 1217734.
Jump up ^ Zhigang, Zhigang; et al. (25 September 2009). "A HIV-1 heterosexual transmission chain in Guangzhou, China: a molecular epidemiological study". Virology Journal. BioMed Central. 6 (148): Figure 1. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-148. Retrieved 31 December 2015. (Mars male gender symbol) indicates male; (female Venus gender symbol) indicates female
^ Jump up to: a b c Schott, G D (24 Dec 2005). "Sex symbols ancient and modern: their origins and iconography on the pedigree". BMJ. British Medical Journal. 331 (7531): 1509–1510. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1509. PMC 1322246  . PMID 16373733. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Symbolism". LGBTQA+ WebCenter. Eastern Illinois University. Retrieved 31 December 2015. Double interlocking female symbols are often been used [sic] to symbolize lesbianism, but some feminists have instead used the double female symbols to represent sisterhood among women and three interlocking female symbols to denote lesbianism. In the 1970’s, some lesbian feminists used three interlocking female symbols to represent their rejection of male standards of monogamy.
Jump up ^ "Unicode Utilities: Character Properties". Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gender symbols.
Decode Unicode, showing all Unicode symbols
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text:
Bangladesh women's cricket team in South Africa in 2018
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
South Africa women Bangladesh women
Dates
2–20 May 2018
Captains
Dane van Niekerk[nb 1] Rumana Ahmed (WODIs)
Salma Khatun (WT20Is)
One Day International series
Results
South Africa women won the 5-match series 5–0
Most runs
Lizelle Lee (244) Fargana Hoque (91)
Most wickets
Raisibe Ntozakhe (8) Nahida Akter (5)
Player of the series
Lizelle Lee (SA)
Twenty20 International series
Results
South Africa women won the 3-match series 3–0
Most runs
Suné Luus (104) Fargana Hoque (74)
Most wickets
Shabnim Ismail (5) Rumana Ahmed (3)
Salma Khatun (3)
Khadija Tul Kubra (3)
Player of the series
Shabnim Ismail (SA)
The Bangladesh women's cricket team played South Africa women's cricket team in May 2018.[2][3] The tour consised of five Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and three Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is).[4][5] Prior to the tour, the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) named a preliminary squad of thirty players.[6]
South Africa Women won the WODI series 5–0[7] and the WT20I series 3–0.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Squads
2 Tour match
2.1 50 overs match: Bangladesh Women vs North West Women
3 WODI series
3.1 1st WODI
3.2 2nd WODI
3.3 3rd WODI
3.4 4th WODI
3.5 5th WODI
4 WT20I series
4.1 1st WT20I
4.2 2nd WT20I
4.3 3rd WT20I
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Squads[edit]
WODIs
WT20Is
South Africa[9]
Bangladesh[10]
South Africa[9]
Bangladesh[10]
Dane van Niekerk (c)
Trisha Chetty
Shabnim Ismail
Marizanne Kapp
Ayabonga Khaka
Masabata Klaas
Lizelle Lee
Suné Luus
Zintle Mali
Raisibe Ntozakhe
Mignon du Preez
Andrie Steyn
Chloe Tryon
Laura Wolvaardt
Rumana Ahmed (c)
Nahida Akter
Jahanara Alam
Suraiya Azmin
Jannatul Ferdus
Panna Ghosh
Fargana Hoque
Sanjida Islam
Fahima Khatun
Murshida Khatun
Salma Khatun
Khadija Tul Kubra
Sobhana Mostari
Nigar Sultana
Shamima Sultana
Sharmin Sultana
Dane van Niekerk (c)
Tazmin Brits
Shabnim Ismail
Marizanne Kapp
Ayabonga Khaka
Masabata Klaas
Stacey Lackay
Lizelle Lee
Suné Luus
Zintle Mali
Raisibe Ntozakhe
Mignon du Preez
Chloe Tryon
Laura Wolvaardt
Salma Khatun (c)
Rumana Ahmed
Nahida Akter
Jahanara Alam
Suraiya Azmin
Jannatul Ferdus
Panna Ghosh
Fargana Hoque
Sanjida Islam
Fahima Khatun
Murshida Khatun
Khadija Tul Kubra
Sobhana Mostari
Nigar Sultana
Shamima Sultana
Sharmin Sultana
Tour match[edit]
50 overs match: Bangladesh Women vs North West Women[edit]
2 May 2018
09:45
Scorecard
Bangladesh
270/2 (50 overs)
v
North West Women
180 (45.4 overs)
Rumana Ahmed 136* (144)
Anne Bosch 1/31 (10 overs)
Elrisa Fourie 64
Fahima Khatun 8/5 (10 overs)
Bangladesh Women won by 90 runs
North-West University No1 Ground, Potchefstroom
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Bongani Jele (SA)
Bangladesh Women won the toss and elected to bat.
12 players per side (11 batting, 11 fielding).
WODI series[edit]
1st WODI[edit]
4 May 2018
09:45
Scorecard
South Africa
270/9 (50 overs)
v
Bangladesh
164 (49.3 overs)
Chloe Tryon 65 (42)
Nahida Akter 2/22 (8 overs)
Fargana Hoque 69 (146)
Dane van Niekerk 3/23 (10 overs)
South Africa Women won by 106 runs
Senwes Park, Potchefstroom
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Bongani Jele (SA)
Player of the match: Chloe Tryon (SA)
South Africa Women won the toss and elected to bat.
Murshida Khatun (Ban) made her WODI debut.
2nd WODI[edit]
6 May 2018
09:45
Scorecard
Bangladesh
89 (39.5 overs)
v
South Africa
90/1 (17.1 overs)
Panna Ghosh 20* (54)
Ayabonga Khaka 3/13 (6 overs)
Laura Wolvaardt 37* (50)
Salma Khatun 1/19 (4 overs)
South Africa Women won by 9 wickets
Senwes Park, Potchefstroom
Umpires: Adrian Holdstock (SA) and Bongani Jele (SA)
Player of the match: Ayabonga Khaka (SA)
Bangladesh Women won the toss and elected to bat.
Jannatul Ferdus (Ban) made her WODI debut.
Ayabonga Khaka (SA) took her 50th wickets in WODIs.[11]
3rd WODI[edit]
9 May 2018
09:45
Scorecard
Bangladesh
71 (36.5 overs)
v
South Africa
72/1 (14.2 overs)
Nigar Sultana 33* (97)
Ayabonga Khaka 3/16 (6.5 overs)
Lizelle Lee 44* (51)
Nahida Akter 1/19 (4.2 overs)
South Africa Women won by 9 wickets
Diamond Oval, Kimberley
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Lizelle Lee (SA)
South Africa Women won the toss and elected to field.
Zintle Mali (SA) made her WODI debut.
4th WODI[edit]
11 May 2018
09:45
Scorecard
South Africa
230/7 (50 overs)
v
Bangladesh
76 (33.2 overs)
Lizelle Lee 70 (102)
Nahida Akter 2/36 (9 overs)
Fargana Hoque 22 (48)
Shabnim Ismail 2/8 (7 overs)
South Africa Women won by 154 runs
Diamond Oval, Kimberley
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Bongani Jele (SA)
Player of the match: Chloe Tryon (SA)
South Africa Women won the toss and elected to bat.
Lizelle Lee became the third player for South Africa Women to score 2,000 runs in WODIs.[12]
5th WODI[edit]
14 May 2018
09:45
Scorecard
Bangladesh
166/9 (50 overs)
v
South Africa
169/4 (35 overs)
Rumana Ahmed 74 (123)
Shabnim Ismail 3/17 (9 overs)
Laura Wolvaardt 70* (96)
Khadija Tul Kubra 3/33 (10 overs)
South Africa Women won by 6 wickets
Mangaung Oval, Bloemfontein
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Laura Wolvaardt (SA)
South Africa Women won the toss and elected to field.
Sobhana Mostari (Ban) made her WODI debut.
WT20I series[edit]
1st WT20I[edit]
17 May 2018
13:00
Scorecard
South Africa
127/6 (20 overs)
v
Bangladesh
110/5 (20 overs)
Lizelle Lee 46 (38)
Khadija Tul Kubra 3/23 (4 overs)
Rumana Ahmed 36 (41)
Shabnim Ismail 3/19 (4 overs)
South Africa Women won by 17 runs
Diamond Oval, Kimberley
Umpires: Adrian Holdstock (SA) and Bongani Jele (SA)
South Africa Women won the toss and elected to bat.
Stacey Lackay (SA) made her WT20I debut.
2nd WT20I[edit]
19 May 2018
13:00
Scorecard
South Africa
169/4 (20 overs)
v
Bangladesh
137/5 (20 overs)
Suné Luus 71 (57)
Nahida Akter 2/32 (4 overs)
Panna Ghosh 2/32 (4 overs)
Shamima Sultana 50 (43)
Shabnim Ismail 2/29 (4 overs)
South Africa Women won by 32 runs
Mangaung Oval, Bloemfontein
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Bongani Jele (SA)
Player of the match: Dane van Niekerk (SA)
Bangladesh Women won the toss and elected to field.
Tazmin Brits (SA) made her WT20I debut.
3rd WT20I[edit]
20 May 2018
13:00
Scorecard
South Africa
64/4 (9 overs)
v
Bangladesh
41/6 (9 overs)
Tazmin Brits 29 (22)
Salma Khatun 2/18 (2 overs)
Shamima Sultana 12 (17)
Ayabonga Khaka 3/10 (2 overs)
South Africa Women won by 23 runs
Mangaung Oval, Bloemfontein
Umpires: Shaun George (SA) and Adrian Holdstock (SA)
Player of the match: Ayabonga Khaka (SA)
Bangladesh Women won the toss and elected to field.
The match was reduced to 9 overs per side due to rain.
Zintle Mali (SA), Jannatul Ferdus and Murshida Khatun (Ban) all made their WT20I debuts.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Chloe Tryon captained South Africa Women for the fourth WODI and the first WT20I.[1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Tryon, Lee lift Proteas women to emphatic win". Sport24. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Some good news for deprived women". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "South Africa announce women's ODI, T20I squads for Bangladesh series". International Cricket. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Tigresses' preparation camp for SA tour starts Thursday". United News of Bangladesh. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bangladesh Women keen to get going in World T20 year". International Cricket. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Media Release: Bangladesh Women's Tour of South Africa 2018: Preparation camp starts in Sylhet from 12 April". Bangladesh Cricket Board. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "All-round South Africa sweep series 5–0". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "South Africa beat Bangladesh to complete series whitewash". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cricket South Africa name Proteas women's squads for inbound Bangladesh tour". Cricket South Africa. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Media Release: Tour of South Africa 2018: Bangladesh Women's Team announced". Bangladesh Cricket Board. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ayabonga Khaka brings up 50 with career-best figures". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "South Africa women bundle out Bangladesh for 76". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
External links[edit]
Series home at ESPN Cricinfo
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_women%27s_cricket_team_in_South_Africa_in_2018&oldid=849366899"
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Lake Pontchartrain
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Lake Pontchartrain
Landsat image
Map
Location
Louisiana
Coordinates
30°11′20″N 90°06′05″W / 30.18889°N 90.10139°W / 30.18889; -90.10139Coordinates: 30°11′20″N 90°06′05″W / 30.18889°N 90.10139°W / 30.18889; -90.10139
Lake type
Estuary, saline
Basin countries
United States
Max. length
40 mi (64 km)
Max. width
24 mi (39 km)
Surface area
630 sq mi (1630 km2)
Average depth
12–14 ft (3.7–4.3 m)
Max. depth
65 ft (20 m)
Surface elevation
11.98 ft (3.65 m)
Settlements
New Orleans, Metairie, Kenner, Mandeville, Lacombe, Slidell, Madisonville.
Lake Pontchartrain from southbound causeway entrance
Lake Pontchartrain's north shore at Fontainebleau State Park near Mandeville, Louisiana, in 2004
Lake Pontchartrain (/ˈpɒntʃətreɪn/ PAHN-chə-trayn;[1] French: Lac Pontchartrain, French: [lak pɔ̃ʃaʁtʁɛ̃] ( listen)) is a brackish estuary located in southeastern Louisiana in the United States. It covers an area of 630 square miles (1,600 km2) with an average depth of 12 to 14 feet (3.7 to 4.3 m). Some shipping channels are kept deeper through dredging. It is roughly oval in shape, about 40 miles (64 km) from west to east and 24 miles (39 km) from south to north.
In descending order of area, the lake is located in parts of six Louisiana parishes: St. Tammany, Orleans, Jefferson, St. John the Baptist, St. Charles, and Tangipahoa. The water boundaries were defined in 1979 (see list of parishes in Louisiana).
The lake is also home to the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, the longest straight bridge over water in the world.
Contents
[hide]
1 Namesake
2 Description
3 History
4 Conservation and restoration
5 Northshore
6 New Orleans
7 Hurricanes
7.1 Funding
7.2 Hurricane Katrina
8 Notable deaths
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Namesake[edit]
Lake Pontchartrain is named for Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain. He was the French Minister of the Marine, Chancellor, and Controller-General of Finances during the reign of France's "Sun King", Louis XIV, for whom the colony of La Louisiane was named.[2]
Description[edit]
Lake Pontchartrain is an estuary connected to the Gulf of Mexico via the Rigolets strait (known locally as "the Rigolets") and Chef Menteur Pass into Lake Borgne, another large lagoon, and therefore experiences small tidal changes. It receives fresh water from the Tangipahoa, Tchefuncte, Tickfaw, Amite, and Bogue Falaya rivers, and from Bayou Lacombe and Bayou Chinchuba. It is one of the largest wetlands along the Gulf Coast of North America.[3] It comprises more than 125,000 ac of wetland, including bottomland hardwoods and cypress swamps (although these have been severely degraded by past logging) along with a complex mixture of herbaceous wetlands including fresh, intermediate and brackish marsh.[4]
Salinity varies from negligible at the northern cusp west of Mandeville up to nearly half the salinity of seawater at its eastern bulge near Interstate 10. Lake Maurepas, a true freshwater lake, connects with Lake Pontchartrain on the west via Pass Manchac. The Industrial Canal connects the Mississippi River with the lake at New Orleans. Bonnet Carré Spillway diverts water from the Mississippi into the lake during times of river flooding.
History[edit]
The lake was created 2,600 to 4,000 years ago as the evolving Mississippi River Delta formed its southern and eastern shorelines with alluvial deposits.[5] Its Native American name was Okwata ("Wide Water"). In 1699, French explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville renamed it Pontchartrain after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain.
Human habitation of the region began at least 3,500 years ago, but increased rapidly with the arrival of Europeans about 300 years ago. The great American naturalist, William Bartram, explored the north shore during a trip west in 1777.[6] In 1852 a railroad was constructed to link New Orleans to the north. Engines turned at Pass Manchac. However, the pilings were burned to the water line in the Civil War.[7] The great cypress swamps of the area were heavily logged in the early 20th century; many have not regrown.[8][9]
Conservation and restoration[edit]
Owing to past exploitation, the ecosystems of the lake have been placed under stress. Marshes, for example, are turning to open water, and cypress swamps are being killed by salt water intrusion. However, Brown Pelicans and Bald Eagles, once scarce, are now a common sight along the shores. A team of experts assembled by The Nature Conservancy assessed the situation in 2004.[10] They identified seven target habitat types that were in particular need of conservation management: bottomland hardwood forest, cypress swamp, relict ridge woodland, fresh/intermediate marsh, brackish/salt marsh, lake open water, and littoral submersed aquatic vegetation. The bottomland hardwood forest and cypress swamp are suffering from lack of fresh water input and sediment deposition owing to the levees upstream from the lake. In addition, bottomland hardwoods are being invaded by exotic species such as Chinese tallow while freshwater marshes are being invaded by exotic species such as elephant's-ear.[3] The team also identified four key animal species that could indicate the degree to which the system declines or improves. These were rangia clam (representing lake bottom habitat), gulf sturgeon and paddlefish (representing fish communities) and the alligator snapping turtle (one of the largest freshwater turtles in the world, but in decline owing to over- harvesting). The future of the lake depends, in part, on restoring annual spring floods to the wetlands of the lake basin, and controlling urban sprawl on the North shore. Selected species, like the paddlefish and alligator snapping turtle, would benefit from reduced harvesting. The lake could change considerably without such conservation planning. A few examples of future change might include more cypress swamps converting to anthropogenic marsh or open water, Chinese tallow displacing native forests, and, with a warming climate, mangrove trees replacing brackish marsh.[11] Hence, the ecosystems of the lake now, and in the future, depend very much upon some basic decisions about human activities in the vicinity of the lake, and, even more so, human activity upstream along the Mississippi River.
The current population in the region is over 1.5 million. There have been many problems with conservation management of the forests and wetlands.[12][13] The United States Geological Survey is currently monitoring the environmental effects of shoreline erosion, loss of wetlands, pollution from urban areas and agriculture, saltwater intrusion from artificial waterways, dredging, basin subsidence and faulting, storms and sea-level rise, and freshwater diversion from the Mississippi and other rivers.[14] With proper management of this lake and its wetlands, there is great potential to enhance the productivity of wetlands, and to maintain biological diversity to support an ecotourism industry that will diversify the economy.[9]
Northshore[edit]
At the southern terminus of LA 1077 in Madisonville, this lighthouse is on the west estuary of the Tchefuncte River at Lake Pontchartrain and was constructed in 1837.
North of Lake Pontchartrain is the North Shore, Northshore, or Northlake region. It includes the cities of Mandeville, Covington, Abita Springs, Madisonville, Lacombe, and Slidell in St. Tammany Parish; Ponchatoula, Hammond, and Amite in Tangipahoa Parish; and Franklinton and Bogalusa in Washington Parish.
These three Northshore parishes are the eastern Florida Parishes. The landscape here is mostly uplands that were once dominated by long leaf pine savannas and interrupted by occasional large rivers. The savannas were maintained by regular fires caused by lightning; they produced the distinctive fauna and flora of this region.[9]
Lake Pontchartrain's south shore areas (dominated by New Orleans), instead of being designated by that name, are more likely to be referred to as either "East bank" or "West bank," depending upon their position with respect to the general north-south course of the Mississippi River. Lake Pontchartrain forms the northern boundary of the city of New Orleans, which is coterminous with Orleans Parish, and the northern boundary of its two largest suburbs Metairie and Kenner; as well as forming the northern boundaries of Jefferson Parish and Saint Charles Parish and much of the northern and eastern boundaries of Saint John the Baptist Parish.
New Orleans[edit]
New Orleans was established at a Native American portage between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. The lake provides numerous recreational activities for people in New Orleans and is also home to the Southern Yacht Club. In the 1920s, the Industrial Canal in the eastern part of the city opened, providing a direct navigable water connection, with locks, between the Mississippi River and the lake. In the same decade, a project dredging new land from the lake shore behind a new concrete floodwall began; this would result in an expansion of the city into the former swamp between Metairie/Gentilly Ridges and the lakefront. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway was constructed in the 1950s and 1960s, connecting New Orleans (by way of Metairie) with Mandeville, and bisecting the lake in a north-northeast line.
Hurricanes[edit]
Lake Pontchartrain at New Orleans during Hurricane Georges in 1998; lakefront fishing camps outside of the protection levee suffered severe damage.
During hurricanes, a storm surge can build up in Lake Pontchartrain. Wind pushes water into the lake from the Gulf of Mexico as a hurricane approaches from the south, and from there it can spill into New Orleans.
A hurricane in 1947 flooded much of Metairie, much of which is slightly below sea level due to land subsidence after marshland was drained. After the storm, hurricane-protection levees were built along Lake Pontchartrain's south shore to protect New Orleans and nearby communities. A storm surge of 10 feet (3.0 m) from Hurricane Betsy overwhelmed some levees in eastern New Orleans in 1965, while storm surge funneled in by the Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal and a levee failure flooded most of the Lower 9th Ward. After this the levees encircling the city and outlying parishes were raised to heights of 14 to 23 feet (4.3 to 7.0 m). Due to cost concerns, the levees were built to protect against only a Category 3 hurricane; however, some of the levees initially withstood the Category 5 storm surge of Hurricane Katrina (August 2005), which only slowed to Category 3 winds within hours of landfall (due to a last-minute eyewall replacement cycle).
Experts using computer modeling at Louisiana State University after Hurricane Katrina have concluded that the levees were never topped but rather faulty design, inadequate construction, or some combination of the two were responsible for the flooding of most of New Orleans: some canal walls leaked underneath, because the wall foundations were not deep enough in peat-subsoil to withstand the pressure of higher water.[15]
Funding[edit]
Congress failed to fully fund an upgrade requested during the 1990s by the Army Corps of Engineers, and funding was cut in 2003-04 despite a 2001 study by the Federal Emergency Management Agency warning that a hurricane in New Orleans was one of the country’s three most likely disasters.[16] Raising and reinforcing the levees to resist a Category 5 hurricane might take 25 years to complete.[17] Some estimates place the cost at $25 billion.
Hurricane Katrina[edit]
Windspeed of Hurricane Katrina 7 a.m., showing hurricane-force winds (yellow/brown/red: 75-92 mph) hitting the northeast/south shores of Lake Pontchartrain (1 hour after landfall) on August 29, 2005.
Windspeed of Hurricane Katrina 10 a.m., showing hurricane-force winds (yellow/brown) still hitting the north/southeast shores of Lake Pontchartrain (4 hours after landfall)
When Hurricane Katrina reached Category 5 in 2005, some experts predicted that the levee system might fail completely if the storm passed close to the city. Although Katrina weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall on August 29 (with only Category 1-2 strength winds in New Orleans on the weaker side of the eye of the hurricane), the outlying New Orleans East area along south Lake Pontchartrain was in the eyewall with winds, preceding the eye, nearly as strong as those experienced in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. Canals near Chalmette began leaking at 8 am,[citation needed] and some levees/canals, designed to withstand Category 3 storms, suffered multiple breaks the following day (see Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans), flooding 80% of the city.
The walls of the Industrial Canal were breached by storm surge via the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, while the 17th Street Canal and London Avenue Canal experienced catastrophic breaches, even though water levels never topped their flood walls. Louisiana State University experts presented evidence that some of these structures might have had design flaws or faulty construction.[18]
There are indications that the soft earth and peat underlying canal walls may have given way. In the weeks before Katrina, tests of salinity in seepage pools near canals showed them to be lake water, not fresh water from broken mains. The 5.5-mile-long (8.9 km) I-10 Twin Span Bridge heading northeast between New Orleans and Slidell was destroyed. The shorter Fort Pike Bridge crossing the outlet to Lake Borgne remained intact.
Much of the northern sector of the suburban areas of Metairie and Kenner was flooded with up to 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 m) of water. In this area, flooding was not the result of levee overtopping, but was due to a decision by the governmental administration of Jefferson Parish to abandon the levee-aligned drainage pumping stations.[19] This resulted in the reverse flow of lake water through the pumping stations into drainage canals which subsequently overflowed, causing extensive flooding of the area between I-10 and the lakefront. When the pump operators were returned to their stations, water was drained out of Metairie and Kenner in less than a day.[citation needed]
On September 5, 2005, the Army Corps of Engineers started to fix levee breaches by dropping huge sandbags from Chinook helicopters. The London Avenue Canal and Industrial Canal were blocked at the lake as permanent repairs started. On September 6, the Corps began pumping flood water back into the lake after seven days in the streets of New Orleans. Because it was fouled with dead animals, sewage, heavy metals, petrochemicals, and other dangerous substances, the Army Corps worked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) to avoid major contamination and eutrophication of the lake.[20]
Aerial photography suggests that 25 billion US gallons (95,000,000 m3) of water covered New Orleans as of September 2, which equals about 2% of Lake Pontchartrain's volume.[citation needed] Due to a lack of electric power, the city was unable to treat the water before pumping it into the lake. It is unclear how long the pollution will persist and what its environmental damage to the lake will be, or what the long-term health effects will be in the city from mold and other contamination.
On September 24, 2005, Hurricane Rita did not breach the temporary repairs in the main part of the city, but the repair on the Industrial Canal wall in the Lower 9th Ward was breached, allowing about 2 feet (0.6 m) of water back into that neighborhood.
Notable deaths[edit]
Eastern Air Lines Flight 304 crashed into the lake on February 25, 1964, resulting in the deaths of 51 passengers and 7 crew. Very little of the plane or passengers was ever recovered.
On June 16, 1964, a Trailways bus plunged off the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway into Lake Pontchartrain, killing 6.
On December 31, 1967, a chartered plane crashed into Lake Pontchartrain, killing 5 servicemen and the pilot.
On September 15, 1978, six-year-old Benjamin Daly, along with the pilot, died when a private plane his parents had chartered crashed into the lake. His parents survived.
On February 23, 1980, a twin engine plane crashed into Lake Pontchartrain, killing 7.
In 1986, a decomposing woman's body was found by two fishermen. The cause of death was homicide by asphyxia. She was not identified and no leads were ever identified in the case.[21]
New England Patriots defensive end, New Orleans native and former LSU star Marquise Hill was found dead in Lake Pontchartrain on May 28, 2007.[22]
A U.S. Navy T-34 training plane crashed into the lake on January 23, 2010, after a routine training mission. The instructor, Lt. Clinton Wermers, is missing and presumed dead. The student pilot was rescued about two hours after the crash.[23]
See also[edit]
Louisiana portal
Lake Pontchartrain Causeway
Bonnet Carré Spillway
Tammany Trace Rail Trail
Louisiana's 1st congressional district
List of lakes of the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Oil from Gulf spill seeps into New Orleans' Lake Pontchartrain". The Associated Press. July 6, 2010. Pontchartrain (pronounced PAHN-chuh-trayn) [Respelled "ponch-a-train" in other sources]
Jump up ^ Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism. "Lake Pontchartrain Historical Marker".
^ Jump up to: a b Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35.
Jump up ^ Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35. Table 2.
Jump up ^ "Environmental Atlas of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin". USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. May 14, 2002. Retrieved 2006-06-15.
Jump up ^ Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1-35.
Jump up ^ Perrin, J.M. 2000. Home Town Ponchatoula. A Community History of Ponchatoula, Louisiana. Self-published. Ponchatoula, Louisiana.
Jump up ^ Norgress, R. E. (1947). The history of the cypress lumber industry in Louisiana. Louisiana Historical Quarterly 30: 979–1059.
^ Jump up to: a b c Keddy, P.A. 2008. Water, Earth, Fire: Louisiana’s Natural Heritage. Xlibris, Philadelphia. 229 p.
Jump up ^ Maygarden, D. and others. 2004. Conservation Area Plan for the Lake Pontchartrain Estuary. The Nature Conservancy, LA.
Jump up ^ Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The Wetlands of Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35. Fig. 21
Jump up ^ Houck, O. 2006. Can we save New Orleans? Tulane Environmental Law Journal 19: 1–68.
Jump up ^ Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p.
Jump up ^ With "The Lake Pontchartrain Basin: Louisiana's Troubled Urban Estuary". U.S. Geological Survey. November 3, 1995. Retrieved 2006-06-15.
Jump up ^ Grunwall, Michael; Glasser, Susan B. (September 21, 2005). "Experts Say Faulty Levees Caused Much of Flooding". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2006-06-15.
Jump up ^ Blumenthal, Sidney (August 31, 2005). "No one can say they didn't see it coming". Salon.com. Retrieved 2006-06-15.
Jump up ^ Handwerk, Brian (September 2, 2005). "New Orleans Levees Not Built for Worst Case Events". National Geographic News.
Jump up ^ Grunwald, Michael; Glasser, Susan B. (September 21, 2005). "Experts Say Faulty Levees Caused Much of Flooding". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2006-06-15.
Jump up ^ Broussard says he didn't send pump operators away - Kenner Bulletin - NOLA.com.
Jump up ^ USACE (September 2005). "Quick, coordinated efforts reduce environmental impact on Lake Pontchartrain". usace.army.mil. Archived from the original on May 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-03. (Dead link)
Jump up ^ "Body Discovered--Two Decade Mystery Begins". Sex-offenders.info. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Simpson, April; Levenson, Michael (May 29, 2007). "Patriot Hill is found dead". boston.com. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Navy pilot presumed dead after crash in Lake Pontchartrain". cnn.com. January 25, 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
Further reading[edit]
Lake Pontchartrain, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7385-4392-5
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Pontchartrain.
Lake Pontchartrain Visitors Guide
Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation
United States Geological Survey Lake Pontchartrain Fact Sheet
Real-time water data for Lake Pontchartrain
New Orleans history of the lake
Lake Pontchartrain Basin Maritime Museum
USGS Environmental Atlas of Lake Pontchartrain
New Orleans District Water Management
Washington Post article alleging levee faults, 21 September 2005
National Geographic article about the levees, 2 September 2005
Salon article about disaster predictions, 31 August 2005
U.S. Geological Survey article about the Lake Pontchartrain Basin, 3 November 1995
BBC article about environmental effects on the lake after the flooding of New Orleans, 8 September 2005
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Pontchartrain&oldid=804450379"
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10 Things I Hate About You
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the television series, see 10 Things I Hate About You (TV series).
10 Things I Hate About You
Promotional poster
Directed by
Gil Junger
Produced by
Andrew Lazar
Written by
Karen McCullah Lutz
Kirsten Smith
Starring
Julia Stiles
Heath Ledger
Joseph Gordon-Levitt
Larisa Oleynik
Larry Miller
Andrew Keegan
David Krumholtz
Susan May Pratt
Music by
Richard Gibbs
Cinematography
Mark Irwin
Edited by
O. Nicholas Brown
Production
company
Touchstone Pictures
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures
Release date
March 31, 1999 (1999-03-31)
Running time
99 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
French
Budget
US$30 million
Box office
$53.5 million[1]
10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Gil Junger and starring Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Larisa Oleynik. The screenplay, written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith, is a modernization of William Shakespeare's late-16th century comedy The Taming of the Shrew, retold in a late-1990s American high school setting. In the story, new student Cameron (Gordon-Levitt) is smitten with Bianca (Oleynik) and, in order to get around her father's strict rules on dating, attempts to get bad boy Patrick (Ledger) to date Bianca's ill-tempered sister, Kat (Stiles). The film is titled after a poem written by Kat about her bittersweet romance with Patrick. Much of the filming took place in the Seattle metropolitan area, with many scenes shot at Stadium High School in Tacoma.
Released March 31, 1999, 10 Things I Hate About You was number two at the domestic box office during its opening weekend, behind only The Matrix, and was a moderate financial and critical success. It was a breakthrough role for Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt, all of whom were nominated for various teen-oriented awards. Ten years later, the film was adapted into a television series of the same title, which ran for twenty episodes and featured Larry Miller reprising his role as Walter Stratford from the film.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release and reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critics
4.3 Awards and nominations
5 Soundtrack album
6 Adaptations
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Cameron James, a new student at Padua High School in the Seattle area, becomes instantly smitten with popular sophomore Bianca Stratford. Geeky Michael Eckman warns him that Bianca is vapid and conceited, and that her overprotective father does not allow Bianca or her older sister, the shrewish Kat, to date. Kat, a senior, is accepted to Sarah Lawrence College in New York, but her father, Walter, wants her to stay close to home. Bianca wishes to date affluent senior Joey Donner, but Walter, an obstetrician worrisome of teenage pregnancy, will not allow his daughters to date until they graduate. Frustrated by Bianca's insistence and Kat's rebelliousness, Walter declares that Bianca may date only when Kat does, knowing that Kat's antisocial attitude makes this unlikely.
When Cameron asks Bianca out, she informs him of her father's new rule and, as a pretense for allowing her to date Joey, suggests that Cameron find someone willing to date Kat. Cameron selects "bad boy" Patrick Verona, but Patrick scares him off. Michael assists by convincing Joey to pay Patrick to take out Kat, under the pretense that this will allow Joey to date Bianca. Patrick agrees to the deal, but Kat rebuffs his first few advances. Michael and Cameron help him by prying Bianca for information on Kat's likes and dislikes. Armed with this knowledge, Patrick begins to win Kat's interest. She goes to a party with him, which enables Bianca to go as well, much to Walter's dismay.
At the party, Kat becomes upset when she sees Bianca with Joey, and responds by getting drunk. Patrick attends to her, and Kat starts to open up, expressing her interest in starting a band. However, when she tries to kiss him, Patrick pulls away and Kat leaves, infuriated. Meanwhile, Bianca ignores Cameron in favor of Joey, leaving Cameron dejected. Bianca soon realizes, however, that Joey is shallow and self-absorbed, and asks Cameron for a ride home. Cameron admits his feelings for her and his frustration with how she has treated him. Bianca responds by kissing him.
Joey offers to pay Patrick to take Kat to the prom so he can take Bianca. Patrick initially refuses, but relents when Joey offers him more money. Kat is still angry with Patrick, but he wins her over by serenading her with the accompaniment of the marching band, and she helps him sneak out of detention. They go on a date which turns romantic, but Kat becomes suspicious and angry when Patrick insists that she go with him to the prom, an event she is adamantly against. Bianca is irritated that Cameron hasn't asked her to the prom, and so accepts Joey's invitation, but Walter won't allow it unless Kat goes too. Kat confesses to Bianca that she dated Joey when they were freshmen and, succumbing to peer pressure, had sex with him. Afterward she regretted it and Joey dumped her, so she vowed to never again do anything just because everyone else was doing it. Bianca insists that she can make her own choices, so Kat agrees to go to the prom with Patrick, and Bianca decides to go with Cameron instead of Joey.
All is going well at the prom until Bianca learns that Joey planned to have sex with her that night. Angry that Bianca has spurned him for Cameron, Joey reveals his arrangement with Patrick, which causes Kat to leave heartbroken. Joey then punches Cameron, but is in turn beaten up by Bianca for having hurt her, Kat, and Cameron. Bianca and Cameron share another kiss.
The next day, Bianca reconciles with Kat and begins dating Cameron. Walter admits that Kat is capable of taking care of herself, and gives her permission to attend Sarah Lawrence College. For an assignment in which the students were required to write their own version of William Shakespeare's Sonnet 141, Kat reads aloud a poem titled "10 Things I Hate About You", revealing that she still loves Patrick. Patrick surprises her with a guitar bought with the money that Joey paid him, and confesses that he has fallen for her. Kat forgives him, and the two reconcile with a kiss.
Cast[edit]
Julia Stiles as Katarina "Kat" Stratford, the antisocial, shrewish elder Stratford sister.
Heath Ledger as Patrick Verona, the "bad boy" who is hired to date Kat and falls for her in the process.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Cameron James, the new student at Padua High School who is smitten with Bianca and goes to great lengths to win her favor.
Larisa Oleynik as Bianca Stratford, the younger of the two Stratford sisters, superficial and popular.
Larry Miller as Walter Stratford, an obstetrician and single parent who is overprotective of his daughters, Kat and Bianca.
Andrew Keegan as Joey Donner, an affluent, self-absorbed high school senior and aspiring model who intends to have sex with Bianca, and to that end pays Patrick to date Kat.
David Krumholtz as Michael Eckman, a geek who assists Cameron in his quest to woo Bianca, and in the process tries to woo Kat's friend Mandella.
Susan May Pratt as Mandella, Kat's only close friend and an aficionado of William Shakespeare, who ends up going to the prom with Michael.
Gabrielle Union as Chastity Church, Bianca's best friend, who betrays Bianca by going out with Joey when Bianca spurns him.
Daryl Mitchell as Mr. Morgan, teacher of Kat, Patrick, and Joey's English class.
Allison Janney as Ms. Perky, Padua High School's guidance counselor and a writer of erotic literature.
David Leisure as Mr. Chapin, coach of the girls' soccer team.
Greg Jackson as "Scurvy", a friend of Patrick.
Kyle Cease as Bogey Lowenstein, a golf enthusiast and member of a clique of aspiring MBAs.
The band Letters to Cleo (singer Kay Hanley, guitarists Greg McKenna and Michael Eisenstein, bassist Scott Riebling, and drummer Jason Sutter) appears as the band performing at Club Skunk, playing their songs "Come On" and "Co-Pilot", and playing a cover version of Cheap Trick's "I Want You to Want Me" on the school's rooftop during the closing credits. Hanley and Eisenstein also appear in the prom scene, performing a cover of Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind" with Save Ferris.
The band Save Ferris (singer Monique Powell, guitarist Brian Mashburn, bassist Bill Uechi, trumpeter José Castellaños, trombonist Brian Williams, saxophonist Eric Zamora, and drummer Evan Kilbourne) appears as the band performing at the prom, playing their songs "I Know" and "Can't Stop" as well as covers of The Isley Brothers' "Shout" and Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind".
Production[edit]
Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle.[2]
Costume designer Kim Tillman designed original dresses for Larisa Oleynik and Julia Stiles as well as the period outfits for Susan May Pratt and David Krumholtz. Gabrielle Union's snakeskin prom dress is a Betsey Johnson design. Heath Ledger and Joseph Gordon-Levitt's vintage tuxes came from Isadora's in Seattle.[2]
The primary tagline is an allusion to a poem written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning from her Sonnets from the Portuguese collection. ("How do I loathe thee? Let me count the ways.") Another tagline is a spoof from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet ("Romeo, Oh Romeo, Get Out Of My Face.") and another is a line from The Taming of the Shrew that is spoken in the film by Cameron ("I burn, I pine, I perish!"). The original script was finalized on November 12, 1997.[3]
Release and reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
In its opening weekend, the film grossed US$8,330,681 in 2,271 theaters in the United States and Canada, averaging $3,668 per venue, and ranking number two at the box office (behind The Matrix). It grossed a total of $38,178,166 in the United States and Canada and $15,300,000 in other territories, about $53,500,000 worldwide. The film had an estimated budget of $16 million and is considered a moderate financial and critical success. On October 12, 1999, the Region 1 DVD was released. In the box office, the film is number ten in teen romance, 18th in high school comedies, and ranked 96th in comedies.[4]
Critics[edit]
The film received generally positive feedback from critics. Geoff Andrew from Time Out praised the film's leads, stating "Stiles grows into her character, and Ledger is effortlessly charming".[5] Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars out of four, claiming "I liked the movie's spirit, the actors and some of the scenes. The music, much of it by the band Letters to Cleo, is subtle and inventive while still cheerful".[6] Brad Laidman from Film Threat said the film was "Pure of heart and perfectly executed".[7] Ron Wells, another critic from Film Threat expressed "Of all the teen films released this year, this one is, by far, the best".[8]
Entertainment Weekly listed the film at #49 on its list of Best High School Movies.[9]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film got a 61% from critics, based on 62 reviews with a rating of 6.1/10. The critical consensus on the site was "Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger add strong performances to an unexpectedly clever script, elevating 10 Things (slightly) above typical teen fare."[10]
Awards and nominations[edit]
10 Things I Hate About You was a breakout success for stars Stiles, Ledger and Gordon-Levitt.[11][12][13] Gordon-Levitt, Stiles, and Oleynik each received Young Star Award nominations for Best Actor/Actress in a Comedy Film. The movie was nominated for seven Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie: Breakout Star (Stiles), Choice Movie: Comedy, Choice Movie: Funniest Scene (featuring Krumholtz), Choice Movie: Love Scene (featuring Stiles and Ledger), Choice Movie: Hissy Fit (Gordon-Levitt), Choice Movie: Villain (Gordon-Levitt) and Choice Movie: Soundtrack. The film's casting directors Marcia Ross and Donna Morong won "Best Casting for Feature Film, Comedy" at the Casting Society of America in 1999. In 2000, Stiles won the CFCA Award for "Most Promising Actress" for her role as Kat Stratford (tied with Émilie Dequenne in Rosetta) and an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance. The same year, Ledger was nominated for Best Musical Performance for the song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You".
Soundtrack album[edit]
10 Things I Hate About You
Soundtrack album
Released
April 6, 1999
Genre
Alternative rock, ska, pop, funk
Label
Hollywood
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [14]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length
1. "I Want You to Want Me" (originally performed by Cheap Trick) Rick Nielsen Letters to Cleo 3:25
2. "F.N.T." (from Great Divide, 1996) Dan Wilson, Jacob Slichter Semisonic 3:29
3. "I Know" (contains an interpretation of "Shout", written by O'Kelly Isley, Ronald Isley, and Rudolph Isley and originally performed by The Isley Brothers) Michael Holton, Miré Molner, Brian Mashburn Save Ferris 2:52
4. "Your Winter" (from Fortress, 2000) Ken Block, Jett Beres, Andrew Copeland, Ryan Newell, Mark Trojanowski, Bill Smith Sister Hazel 4:39
5. "Even Angels Fall" (from Key of a Minor, 2000) Tom Whitlock, Jessica Riddle, Kim Bullard, Penny Framstad Jessica Riddle 3:27
6. "New World" (from Leroy, 2001) Leroy Miller Leroy 3:02
7. "Saturday Night" Rodney Jerkins, Marti Sharron, Dan Sembello Ta-Gana 4:26
8. "Atomic Dog" (from Computer Games, 1982) George Clinton, Garry Shider, David Spradley George Clinton 4:44
9. "Dazz" (from Good High, 1976) Ray Ransom, Edward Irons, Reginald Hargis Brick 3:24
10. "The Weakness in Me" (from Walk Under Ladders, 1981) Joan Armatrading Joan Armatrading 3:32
11. "War" (from "My Favourite Game", 1998) Peter Svensson, Nina Persson The Cardigans 3:57
12. "Wings of a Dove" (1983) Carl Smyth, Graham McPherson Madness 3:00
13. "Cruel to Be Kind" (originally performed by Nick Lowe) Nick Lowe, Ian Gomm Letters to Cleo 3:01
14. "One More Thing" Richard Gibbs Richard Gibbs 3:01
Total length: 49:59
Adaptations[edit]
In June 1999, the Scholastic Corporation published a novelization of the story, adapted by David Levithan.[15] The story is retold as it is in the film with each chapter written from the point of view of either Bianca, Cameron, Kat, Patrick, or Michael.
In October 2008, ABC Family ordered a pilot episode of 10 Things I Hate About You, a half-hour, single-camera comedy series based on the feature film of the same name. Larry Miller is the only actor from the film to reprise his role in the television series. The director of the film, Gil Junger, directed many of the episodes including the pilot while the film's music composer, Richard Gibbs, also returned to do the show's music. The series was adapted and produced by Carter Covington.[16] The show premiered on July 7, 2009,[17] and lasted 20 episodes.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 10 Things I Hate About You at Box Office Mojo
^ Jump up to: a b Write-up on CinemaReview.com. Retrieved May 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Script Database". Imsdb.com. November 12, 1997. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "10 Things I Hate About You (1999)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "10 Things I Hate About You Review. Movie Reviews - Film - Time Out New York". Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "10 Things I Hate About You". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on August 13, 2009. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "10 Things I Hate About You". Film Threat. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Current Movie Reviews, Independent Movies". Film Threat. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ EW Staff (September 22, 2012). "50 Best High School Movies | Photo 1 of 50". EW.com. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "10 Things I Hate About You (1999)". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Aames, Ethan. "Julia Stiles on "The Omen"". Cinema Confidential News. June 5, 2006. Retrieved on October 28, 2006.
Jump up ^ Eisenbach, Helen. "10 Thing We Love About Julia Stiles". Manhattan File Magazine. January 2000. Retrieved October 28, 2006.
Jump up ^ Maher, Kevin. "Heath Ledger- The Accidental Hero". Times Sunday Magazine. October 14, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2006.
Jump up ^ Peeples, S. 10 Things I Hate About You review allmusic.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-17.
Jump up ^ 10 Things I Hate About You. New York: Scholastic. ISBN 0439087309.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh. "ABC Family Greenlights '10 Things I Hate,' 'Ruby' Pilots." Zap2it.com. October 8, 2008. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family: 10 Things I Hate About You". Archived from the original on June 19, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
External links[edit]
Film portal
Wikiquote has quotations related to: 10 Things I Hate About You
10 Things I Hate About You on IMDb
10 Things I Hate About You at the TCM Movie Database
10 Things I Hate About You at AllMovie
[show]
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10 Things I Hate About You
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Cast
Film
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Heath Ledger
Larisa Oleynik
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The Taming of the Shrew
[show]
v
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Films directed by Gil Junger
10 Things I Hate About You (1999)
Black Knight (2001)
If Only (2004)
Get Smart's Bruce and Lloyd: Out of Control (2008)
My Fake Fiancé (2009)
Beauty & the Briefcase (2010)
Christmas Cupid (2010)
Teen Spirit (2011)
Christmas Bounty (2013)
Santa's Little Helper (2015)
10 Things I Hate About Life (cancelled)
[show]
v
t
e
William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew
Characters
Katherina Minola
Petruchio
Bianca Minola
Baptista Minola
Christopher Sly
Stage adaptations
The Woman's Prize (c1611)
Catharine and Petruchio (1754)
Las bravías (1896)
Der Widerspänstigen Zähmung (1872)
Sly, ovvero La leggenda del dormiente risvegliato (1927)
Kiss Me, Kate (1948)
The Taming of the Shrew (1953)
Ukroshchenye Stroptivoy (1957)
Christopher Sly (1963)
Direct adaptations
1908
1929
1962 (TV)
1967
1980 (TV)
1994 (TV)
Other adaptations
Daring Youth (1924)
You Made Me Love You (1933)
Second Best Bed (1938)
Kiss Me Kate (1953)
Gundamma Katha (1962)
Manithan Maravillai (1962)
McLintock! (1963)
Arivaali (1963)
Pattikada Pattanama (1972)
Il Bisbetico Domato (1980)
Nanjundi Kalyana (1989)
10 Things I Hate About You (1999)
O Cravo e a Rosa (2000; TV)
Deliver Us from Eva (2003)
The Taming of the Shrew (2005; TV)
Frivolous Wife (2008)
10 Things I Hate About You (2009; TV)
Isi Life Mein (2010)
Related
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The Taming of the Shrew on screen
Shrew (stock character)
Induction
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Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 183669909
LCCN: no00076180
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10_Things_I_Hate_About_You&oldid=803295932"
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values: 10 أشياء أكرهها بشأنك – Arabic

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