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The Good Shepherd (film)
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For other uses, see Good Shepherd (disambiguation).
The Good Shepherd
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Robert De Niro
Produced by
James G. Robinson
Jane Rosenthal
Robert De Niro
Written by
Eric Roth
Starring
Matt Damon
Angelina Jolie
Robert De Niro
Alec Baldwin
Gabriel Macht
William Hurt
Joe Pesci
John Turturro
Music by
Bruce Fowler
Marcelo Zarvos
Cinematography
Robert Richardson
Edited by
Tariq Anwar
Production
company
Morgan Creek Productions
TriBeCa Productions
American Zoetrope
Distributed by
Universal Studios
Release date
December 22, 2006 (2006-12-22)
Running time
167 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$110 million[1][2]
Box office
$99.4 million[3]
The Good Shepherd is a 2006 spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast.
Although it is a fictional film loosely based on real events, it is advertised as telling the untold story of the birth of counter-intelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
4.4 Historical accuracy criticisms
5 Sequel
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A photograph and an audio recording on reel-to-reel tape are dropped off anonymously at the home of Edward Wilson (Matt Damon), a senior CIA officer, after the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba fails due to an undisclosed leak. While riding to work on the bus, Edward is approached by a young boy who asks if Edward has change for a dollar. Upon arriving at work, Edward's assistant checks the serial number of the dollar against a long list of serial numbers assigned to various code names and confirms that Edward has been given a dollar from "Cardinal". The movie then flashes back to 1939.
In 1939 Edward is at Yale University and is invited to join Skull and Bones, a secret society. He is compelled to disclose a secret as part of his initiation: he reveals that as a young boy in 1925 he discovered the suicide note left by his father, Thomas (Timothy Hutton), although he says he never read it. After the ceremony, a fraternity brother tells him that Edward's father, an admiral, was to be chosen as Secretary of the Navy, until his loyalties were questioned. Afterwards Edward is recruited by FBI agent Sam Murach (Alec Baldwin), who claims that Edward's poetry professor, Dr. Fredericks (Michael Gambon), is a Nazi spy, asking Edward to expose his professor's background as well as implying that the Professor is homosexual: Edward's actions result in Dr. Fredericks' forced resignation from the university. Edward begins an affair with a deaf student named Laura (Tammy Blanchard), but while on Deer Island, Edward meets and is later aggressively seduced by Margaret 'Clover' Russell (Angelina Jolie), his friend's sister. General Bill Sullivan (Robert De Niro) asks Edward to join the OSS, offering him a post in London.
Later while Edward and Laura are at the beach, Clover's brother John privately reveals that Clover is pregnant with Edward's child and asks him to "do what is expected." Laura, an able lip-reader, sees and walks away. Edward then marries Clover, and at the wedding reception he accepts an offer of a position in the London OSS office from General Sullivan, requiring him to be in England in one week, leaving his newlywed wife. In London he meets his former professor Dr. Fredericks, who is actually a British intelligence operative who had sought to infiltrate a Nazi organization while at Yale, causing the American authorities to suspect that he was a Nazi spy. Despite this, Fredericks recognized Edward's gifts and recommended that he be trained in counter-espionage in London.
An intelligence officer in the British Special Operations Executive, Arch Cummings (Billy Crudup), tells Edward that Fredericks' indiscriminate homosexual relationships pose a security risk; Edward is asked to deal with his mentor, but Fredericks refuses the chivalrous suggestion to protect himself by returning to teaching. He says he will understand if Wilson wants to "tie his shoe" (a signal to watchers that the meeting went badly). Edward delays, prompting Fredericks to kneel down and tie Edward's shoe for him. As their meeting ends, he advises Wilson to "quit... while you still have a soul", leaves, and is brutally killed, his body being dumped into the Thames River.
The time shifts to post-war Berlin, where the Allies and the Soviets, in a race for technological superiority, are trying to recruit as many German scientists as possible. Edward encounters his Soviet counterpart, codenamed "Ulysses", who praises Edward. They plan an exchange of scientists — the Soviets asking for German Nazi and Slavic scientists, while the Americans seek Jewish scientists.
Edward is assisted by an interpreter, Hanna Schiller (Martina Gedeck), who wears what appears to be a hearing aid. After Edward learns from his son during a rare phone call home that Clover is having an affair, he accepts Hanna's invitation to dinner at her home, and sleeps with her. Afterwards, Edward realizes that Hanna can hear without the use of her hearing aid, exposing her as a Soviet operative. She is killed and Ulysses is notified by her hearing aid being planted in his teapot. After six years in London, Edward returns home to a distant Clover, who now prefers to be called Margaret. Edward presents his son with a miniature model ship inside a glass watch-casing. Margaret explains that her brother was killed in the war; she also confesses that she previously had a brief relationship with another man. When she asks if he had any relationships, Edward replies that "it was a mistake." General Sullivan approaches Wilson again to help form a new foreign intelligence organization - the CIA - where Wilson will work with his former colleague, Richard Hayes (Lee Pace), under Phillip Allen (William Hurt). Edward accepts, hiding the details of his position from everyone but Clover/Margaret.
Edward's first assignment deals with coffee plantations in Central America where the Soviets are trying to gain influence. Edward spots Ulysses in the background of footage of the country's leader, but doesn't disclose this. Another agent is sent covertly as a representative of the Mayan Coffee Company; Edward warns him not to wear his Yale class ring. Edward arranges for airplanes to fly over and release locusts during a public event where the Soviets (including Ulysses) are present in order to intimidate the Central American leader. Edward later receives a can of Mayan Coffee presumably from Ulysses, containing a severed finger, and Yale class ring, evidently of the American agent. Wilson and Margaret go to a Christmas party with their son, who wets himself, out of a heightened state of fear resulting from his fragmented awareness that his father is involved in dark secrets. At the party General Sullivan reveals to Edward that Phillip Allen was going to be on the Mayan coffee company's board of directors, prompting Edward to ask Sam Murach to check on Phillip's finances.
A Soviet defector requesting asylum and claiming to be a high-ranking KGB officer named Valentin Mironov, who knows Ulysses, is interviewed by Edward. Edward is fully convinced of his honesty. While attending the theater with Mironov and Cummings, Edward encounters his former sweetheart, Laura. They leave the theater separately, meet at a restaurant and rekindle their old romance. Sometime later, Margaret anonymously receives photos of Laura and Edward getting into a taxi together and kissing. A distraught Margaret confronts him. Edward ends the relationship with Laura by returning her jeweled crucifix, which he had kept from their college romance days.
Another Soviet defector appears, claiming that he is the real Valentin Mironov, and that the other man actually is Yuri Modin, a KGB operative working for Ulysses. Edward does not believe him, and agents beat and torture the man, and administer liquid LSD because of its alleged truth serum properties. Despite the combined effects of drugs and torture, the second defector insists that he is the true Mironov. He further ridicules his interrogators for their need to believe in the myth of Soviet power which he calls a "great show" and "painted rust". Realising that he will never be believed, the defector once more affirms "I am Valentin Grigorievitch Mironov and I am free" before hurling himself through the window to the pavement several stories below. The first man claiming to be Valentin Mironov, who has watched the entire ordeal together with Edward, then offers to take LSD to prove his innocence, but Edward doesn't think it's necessary.
Edward visits his son, Edward Jr., at Yale, where he has also joined the Skull and Bones society and has been approached for recruitment by the CIA. Margaret pleads with Edward to persuade their son not to accept, but Edward Jr. joins anyway, believing it will bring him closer to his loving, but distant, father. This widens the rift between Edward and Margaret. Later Edward Jr. overhears Edward and Hayes discuss the upcoming Bay of Pigs invasion; Wilson suspects that Edward Jr. may have overheard the conversation and warns his son to be silent. Margaret moves to her mother's home in Arizona.
The film returns to the recording dropped off at the beginning of the movie. After analysis of clues such as the ceiling fan's brand name and the church bells and other sounds heard on the tape, CIA specialists deduce that the photograph may have been taken in Leopoldville, in the Congo. Edward goes there and finds the room. He realizes that the photograph and tape are of his son Edward Jr. when he sees the model ship in the glass watch-casing on the nightstand; its blurred image was the one object in the photo that the CIA team was unable to identify. Ulysses is there and plays Edward an unedited version of the tape, revealing Edward Jr. repeating to his lover, a Soviet spy named Miriam, the classified information he overheard his father discussing. Thus the Cubans and Soviets learned of the upcoming CIA landing at the Bay of Pigs. Ulysses encourages Edward to spy for the Soviets in exchange for them protecting his son. Edward is non-committal, however; he confronts his son, who says that he is in love with the woman and plans to marry her. His son refuses to believe that she is an intelligence agent.
Edward exposes Valentin as Soviet spy Yuri Modin after finding evidence of his true identity in a book given to him by Arch Cummings, who is thus exposed as a co-conspirator. Cummings then flees to Moscow. After meeting Ulysses in a museum and refusing to betray his country, Edward explains that as the Soviets have won in Cuba, it is not necessary to hurt his son. Ulysses notes, however, of Edward Jr.'s fiancée: "neither of us can be sure about her", and asks Edward, "You want her to be part of your family, don't you?" Later, Ulysses' aide asks him for change to purchase his daughter a souvenir from the gift shop. Edward asks how much it is, and hands him a one dollar bill, commenting that a cardinal rule of democracy is generosity, thus confirming that the aide is Edward's defector in place. Edward and Margaret arrive separately in the Congo for Edward Jr.'s wedding. His fiancée Miriam travels on a small plane to the ceremony but mid-flight is thrown out of the plane. When she fails to arrive at the church, Edward informs a worried Edward Jr. that she is dead. Edward denies any responsibility when Edward Jr. asks; but is visibly affected when his son reveals that Miriam was pregnant.
Edward meets with Hayes at the new CIA headquarters still under construction. Edward notes the Biblical inscription on the new marble wall of the CIA lobby: "And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free (John 8:32)". Hayes tells him that Allen is resigning under a cloud of financial improprieties (after receiving copies of the Swiss accounts delivered in a chocolate box), and that the President has asked him to be the new Director of the CIA. The President has directed him to do some "housecleaning" and he tells Edward that he needs someone he can trust, saying, "after all, we're still brothers" and that Edward is the "CIA's heart and soul". He then tells Edward he will be the first head of counter-intelligence.
Edward is then shown pulling from his home safe the suicide note that his father Thomas had left and in which his father's words, only now read by Edward, reveal that he had betrayed his country. He left loving words for his wife and son, particularly urging the latter to grow up to be a good man, husband and father and to live a life of decency and truth. Realizing he had done none of those things, Edward sadly burns the note. The film ends with Edward leaving his old office and moving to his new wing in the CIA.
Cast[edit]
Damon, De Niro, Gedeck and Hutton at the February 2007 premiere of the film in Berlin
Matt Damon portrayed Edward Wilson, Sr. He is the film's main character, partly based on James Jesus Angleton and partly on covert operations specialist Richard Bissell[1]
Angelina Jolie as Margaret "Clover" Russell Wilson
Robert De Niro as General William "Bill" Sullivan -- based on William Joseph Donovan
Alec Baldwin as FBI Agent Samuel "Sam" Murach
William Hurt as CIA Director Philip Allen; likely based on Allen Dulles[4]
Joe Pesci as Joseph Palmi; based partly on Sam Giancana and Santo Trafficante Jr.
John Turturro as Ray Brocco; based on Angleton deputy Raymond Rocca
Billy Crudup as Archibald "Arch" Cummings; based on Kim Philby, and named for E.E. Cummings, a real life confidant of Angleton.[4]
Tammy Blanchard as Laura
Michael Gambon as Dr. Fredericks
Timothy Hutton as Admiral Thomas Wilson, based on James Forrestal.
John Sessions as Valentin Mironov #1/Yuri Modin; based on Anatoliy Golitsyn, and on Yuri Modin, the 'legman' KGB operative controlling the 'Cambridge Five'.[4]
Keir Dullea as Senator John Russell, Sr.
Martina Gedeck as Hanna Schiller
Gabriel Macht as John Russell, Jr.
Lee Pace as Deputy Director Richard Hayes; based on Richard Helms[4]
Eddie Redmayne as older Edward Wilson, Jr.
Mark Ivanir as Valentin Mironov #2; based on Yuri Nosenko
Oleg Stefan as Ulysses/Stas Siyanko
Liya Kebede as Miriam.
Cast notes
The Good Shepherd marked Joe Pesci's return to acting after an eight-year absence from the screen following Lethal Weapon 4.[5] After The Good Shepherd, Joe Pesci went on another hiatus from acting for four years.
Production[edit]
De Niro personally produced the film together with James G. Robinson and Jane Rosenthal. Eric Roth, the film's screenwriter, began to work on the project after he abandoned his attempt to bring Norman Mailer's Harlot's Ghost to the screen. Like De Niro's film, Mailer's novel is a fictionalized chronicle of the CIA.
Eric Roth wrote the screenplay in 1994 for Francis Ford Coppola and Columbia Pictures.[6] Roth read Norman Mailer's Harlot's Ghost and became intrigued with the people who built the CIA.[7] Coppola left the project because he could not relate to the characters due to their lack of emotion (although he retained a credit as co-executive producer).[6] Wayne Wang was set to direct and even conducted some location scouting but management changes at Columbia ended his involvement. The new administration gave Roth a list of directors to choose from and one of them was Philip Kaufman. Kaufman felt that Roth's script, whose original structure was linear, should go back and forth in time to "give it a more contemporary feeling".[8] Kaufman and Roth worked on the project for a year and then the management changed at the studio again. The new studio head had no interest in spy films unless they could get a star like Tom Cruise to appear in the film.
The project languished until John Frankenheimer signed on to make the film with MGM agreeing to purchase the rights. He wanted Robert De Niro to star, having just worked together on Ronin. De Niro had been developing his own spy story about the CIA from the Bay of Pigs Invasion to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and agreed to appear in the film.[8] During pre-production in 2002, Frankenheimer died. According to producer Jane Rosenthal, this had been Robert De Niro's pet project for nine years, but it proved difficult to produce in a pre-9/11 world and had to compete with his busy schedule as an actor. The actor said in an interview, "I had always been interested in the Cold War. I was raised in the Cold War. All of the intelligence stuff was interesting to me".[1] De Niro and Roth ended up making a deal: Roth would write up De Niro's idea into a screenplay if the actor would direct his existing script. If The Good Shepherd proved to be a commercial success then their follow-up would be De Niro's pitch.[6]
De Niro took the project to Universal Pictures where producer Graham King agreed to help finance the $110+ million budget. He had a deal with Leonardo DiCaprio, who was interested in playing the film's protagonist Edward Wilson.[1] De Niro planned to film in early 2005 but DiCaprio could not do it then because he was making The Departed for Martin Scorsese.[6] At this point, King left the project, as did his backers. De Niro approached Matt Damon, who was also doing The Departed but would be done earlier than DiCaprio and De Niro would only have to wait six months to do the film with him.[1] Initially, Damon turned De Niro down because he was scheduled to shoot Steven Soderbergh's The Informant!. Soderbergh agreed to delay filming and Damon agreed to star as Wilson. James Robinson's Morgan Creek Productions agreed to help finance the film with a budget under $90 million which meant that many of the principal actors, Damon included, would have to waive their usual salaries to keep costs down.[1]
De Niro was not interested in making a spy movie with flashy violence and exciting car chases. "I just like it when things happen for a reason. So I want to downplay the violence, depict it in a muted way. In those days, it was a gentleman's game".[1] He and Roth were also interested in showing how absolute power corrupted the leaders of the CIA. Early on, De Niro said in an interview, "they tried to do what they thought was right. And then, as they went on, they became overconfident and started doing things that are not always in our best interests".[1] In preparation for the film, De Niro watched spy films like The Spy Who Came In From the Cold, The Third Man, and the Smiley's People miniseries.[9]
He also hired retired CIA agent Milton Bearden to serve as a technical adviser on the film. They had first worked together on Meet the Parents where De Niro played a retired CIA agent.[10] Bearden agreed to take De Niro through Afghanistan to the north-west frontier of Pakistan and into Moscow for a guided tour of intelligence gathering. Damon also spent time with Bearden as well as visiting several of the locations depicted in the film and reading several books on the CIA.[11] Bearden also made sure that the historical aspects were correct but fictionalized to a certain degree.[10]
Principal photography began on August 18, 2005, with shooting taking place in New York City, Washington D.C., London and the Dominican Republic. Three-time Academy Award-nominated art director Jeannine Oppewall was assigned art director for The Good Shepherd, which would eventually earn Oppewall her fourth Oscar nomination for Best Art Design.[11] She conducted a large amount of research for the film that filled ten to twelve 6-inch-thick (150 mm) three-ring binders. It took her a week to organize the number of set locations due to the large amounts of settings in the script, which included Cuba, Léopoldville, London, Guatemala, Moscow, New York City and New Haven, Connecticut, among other places.
Although the vast majority of the movie was filmed in New York, the only scenes that are actually set in New York were filmed at the Kirby Hill Estate on Long Island. As a result, many sets had to be constructed under Oppewall's direction, including a Skull and Bones headquarters and the Berlin set, which was built on the Brooklyn Navy Yard.[11] The interiors of the CIA were built in the Brooklyn Armory, a large edifice built in 1901 for the United States Cavalry. She also visited the CIA's headquarters in Washington, D.C. and worked with Bearden to create sets for the CIA's offices, Technical Room and Communications Room.
Since the lead character originally aspired to be a poet, Oppewall incorporated many visual poetic symbols into the film, including a large number of mirrors to represent the duplicity of the CIA, full rigged ships as symbols of the state and eagle symbols, which were used in ironic situations such as suspect interrogations. Her team tracked down the right set dressings and also found authentic Teletype machines, reel-to-reel tape recorders and radios used in the CIA during that time.[11]
Music[edit]
The music for the film was by Bruce Fowler and Marcelo Zarvos. They replaced James Horner, who left the project due to creative differences.[12]
The violin solo is an extract from Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto In D though this is misattributed to Marcelo Zarvos on the soundtrack CD.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Good Shepherd was released on December 22, 2006 in 2,215 theaters, grossing $9.9 million on its opening weekend. It went on to make $59.9 million in North America and $39.5 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of $99.4 million.[3]
Critical response[edit]
The film received mixed reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports a score of 53% based on 89 positive reviews out of 167.[13] Metacritic gave the film has a score of 61/100 based on 33 reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews".[14]
In her review for The New York Times, Manohla Dargis wrote, "The Good Shepherd is an original story about the C.I.A., and for the filmmakers that story boils down to fathers who fail their sons, a suspect metaphor that here becomes all too ploddingly literal", but praised De Niro's direction: "Among the film's most striking visual tropes is the image of Wilson simply going to work in the capital alongside other similarly dressed men, a spectral army clutching briefcases and silently marching to uncertain victory".[15] Kenneth Turan, in his review for the Los Angeles Times, praised Matt Damon's performance: "Damon, in his second major role of the year (after The Departed) once again demonstrates his ability to convey emotional reserves, to animate a character from the inside out and create a man we can sense has more of an interior life than he is willing to let on".[16]
Time magazine's Richard Corliss also gave Damon a positive notice in his review: "Damon is terrific in the role-all-knowing, never overtly expressing a feeling. Indeed, so is everyone else in this intricate, understated but ultimately devastating account of how secrets, when they are left to fester, can become an illness, dangerous to those who keep them, more so to nations that base their policies on them".[17] In his review for The New York Observer, Andrew Sarris wrote, "Still, no previous American film has ventured into this still largely unknown territory with such authority and emotional detachment. For this reason alone, The Good Shepherd is must-see viewing".[18] USA Today gave the film three out of four stars and wrote, "What makes the story work so powerfully is his focus on a multidimensional individual—Wilson—thereby creating a stirring personal tale about the inner workings of the clandestine government agency".[19] Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B" rating and Lisa Schwarzbaum praised De Niro's direction and Damon's performance, noting the latter's maturation as an actor.[20]
Newsweek magazine's David Ansen wrote, "For the film's mesmerizing first 50 minutes I thought De Niro might pull off the Godfather of spy movies ... Still, even if the movie's vast reach exceeds its grasp, it's a spellbinding history lesson".[21] However, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine opined, "It's tough to slog through a movie that has no pulse".[22] In his review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Emerson wrote, "If you think George Tenet's Central Intelligence Agency was a disaster, wait until you see Robert De Niro's torpid, ineffectual movie about the history of the agency".[23] Peter Bradshaw in The Guardian gave the film two out of five stars and criticized Damon's performance: "And why is Damon allowed to act in such a callow, boring way? As ever, he looks like he is playing Robin to some imaginary Batman at his side, like Jimmy Stewart and his invisible rabbit. His nasal, unobtrusive voice makes every line sound the same".[24]
Accolades[edit]
In 2007, the cast of The Good Shepherd won the Silver Bear of the Berlin International Film Festival for outstanding artistic contribution. It was the only American entry in 2007 to win a prize at the festival.[25]
It was also nominated at the 79th Academy Awards in the category of Best Art Direction (Jeannine Oppewall, Gretchen Rau and Leslie E. Rollins).[26]
Historical accuracy criticisms[edit]
Members of the CIA's History Staff criticized the historical atmosphere depicted by the film. In May, 2007, the Center for the Study of Intelligence (Center for the Study of Intelligence), a history group of the CIA, held a round-table with a number of on-staff historians to discuss the film. The discussion was publicly released as an article; it covered the film's depiction of the OSS and CIA, the accuracy of the film's depiction of both the events and atmosphere of the period, and discussed factual details surrounding the actual persons on whom some of the film's characters were based. According to the article, the film was meticulous in getting small details (especially artifacts) correct, but the overall depiction of the atmosphere and motivations of the time was flawed. Nicholas Dujmovic said:
A film can take a strictly documentary approach .. If that's the standard, then anyone with historical sense is going to dislike the liberties The Good Shepherd takes. If one approaches the film as a work of art, one must still ask if there is truth in the story-telling. Does it convey the sense of the time: the atmosphere, the motivations, the tone, and the challenges? I think we all agree that the film fails that test as well. It fails because it inserts themes we know from our studies of the period were not there: the overarching economic interest, the WASP mafia dominance, the cynicism, the dark perspective. In reality, the stakes were high during the Cold War; the Soviets were seen to be on the march and very dangerous. It was serious business, and there were many personal costs. And yet, most CIA people were enjoying their work at the same time, as any number of oral history interviews and memoirs will attest.[4]
The same article also describes the depiction of Yale's famous secret society Skull and Bones as being an incubator of the U.S. Intelligence Community as inaccurate.
The film depicts the Bay of Pigs Invasion failure as the result of a leak within the CIA. James K. Galbraith wrote that the Taylor Report on the invasion confirmed the existence of a leak:
One of the great travesties of the Cold War surfaced on April 29, 2000 when the Washington Post reported the declassification in full of General Maxwell Taylor's June, 1961 special report on the Bay of Pigs invasion. Partial versions of this document have been available for decades. But only now did its darkest secret spill. Here is what Taylor reported to Kennedy. The Russians knew the date of the invasion (Therefore, Castro also knew.) The CIA, headed by Allen Dulles, knew that the Russians knew (Therefore, they knew the invasion would fail). The leak did not come from the invasion force; it had happened before the Cuban exiles were themselves briefed on the date. Kennedy was not informed. Nor, of course, were the exiles. And knowing all this, Dulles ordered the operation forward.[27]
One of the panel of CIA historians who discussed the movie in a round table strongly disagreed that the leak was crucial, saying:
Even if the operation had initially succeeded, the idea that this paramilitary battalion would have melted into the jungles and mountains to spawn a general uprising against Castro is fatuous. CIA's own analysts judged that Castro's popular support was strong and that he controlled the army and the security services. Even if the group had secured the beachhead, its members eventually would have been hunted down. The supposed leak had nothing to do with historical reality.[4]
Sequel[edit]
De Niro said he would like to make two sequels to The Good Shepherd, one bringing the action forward from 1961 to 1989 and the fall of the Berlin Wall, the other following its protagonist, Edward Wilson, up to the present day.[28]
In September 2012, it was announced that Showtime is developing the sequel as a television series, with Eric Roth as executive producer/writer and Robert De Niro directing the pilot.[29]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Horn, John (November 5, 2006). "Intelligence Design". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
Jump up ^ dhingrammd (22 December 2006). "The Good Shepherd (2006)". IMDb.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Good Shepherd". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Robarge, David; Gary McCollim; Nicholas Dujmovic; Thomas G. Coffey (January 8, 2007). "The Good Shepherd: Intelligence in Recent Public Media". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Joe Pesci". The Numbers.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stewart, Ryan (December 11, 2006). "Junket Report: The Good Shepherd". Cinematical. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
Jump up ^ Hart, Hugh (December 31, 2006). "Soup o the CIA". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Crowdus, Gary (June 22, 2007). "Living in a wilderness of mirrors: an interview with Eric Roth". Cineaste.
Jump up ^ Thomson, David (June 22, 2007). "Spies Like Us". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Collura, Scott (April 2, 2007). "The Real Good Shepherd". IGN. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Good Shepherd Production Notes". Universal Pictures. 2006.
Jump up ^ "Marcelo Zarvos and Bruce Fowler replace James Horner on The Good Shepherd". Los Angeles Times. October 31, 2006. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "The Good Shepherd (2006)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster.
Jump up ^ "The Good Shepherd Reviews - Metacritic".
Jump up ^ Dargis, Manohla (December 22, 2006). "Company Man: Hush, Hush, Sweet Operative". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kenneth (December 22, 2006). "The Good Shepherd". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (December 10, 2006). "Holiday Movies". Time. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Sarris, Andrew (January 7, 2007). "Shhhh! De Niro's Spy Flick Keeps It to a Whisper". The New York Observer. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Puig, Claudia (December 22, 2006). "Mesmerizing Good Shepherd will rope you in". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (December 13, 2006). "The Good Shepherd". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Ansen, David (January 29, 2007). "Following the Flock". Newsweek. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (December 12, 2006). "The Good Shepherd". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Emerson, Jim (December 22, 2006). "The Good Shepherd". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Bradshaw, Peter (February 23, 2007). "The Good Shepherd". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
Jump up ^ Meza, Ed (February 17, 2007). "Tuya nabs top prize at Berlin fest". Variety. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
Jump up ^ "The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Galbraith 2000
Jump up ^ Aftab, Kaleem (July 25, 2008). "Robert De Niro: "You talkin' to me? Oh, OK, then..."". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 5, 2012). "Tribeca Sets Up 'The Good Shepherd' Series Adaptation At Showtime With Robert De Niro Directing & Eric Roth Writing". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
Bibliography[edit]
Galbraith, James K. (2000). "A Crime So Immense" (PDF). Texas Observer, (C) 2000 Texas Democracy Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-01-01.
External links[edit]
Official website at the Wayback Machine (archived May 27, 2018)
The Good Shepherd on IMDb
The Good Shepherd at AllMovie
The Good Shepherd at Rotten Tomatoes
The Good Shepherd at Metacritic
The Good Shepherd at Box Office Mojo
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Good_Shepherd_(film)&oldid=865487747"
Categories:
2006 films
English-language films
2000s drama films
2000s spy films
American films
American political drama films
American Zoetrope films
Cold War spy films
Films about the Central Intelligence Agency
Films about security and surveillance
Films directed by Robert De Niro
Films produced by Robert De Niro
Films scored by Marcelo Zarvos
Films set in the 1930s
Films set in 1939
Films set in the 1940s
Films set in the 1950s
Films set in the 1960s
Films set in 1961
Films set in Berlin
Films set in Connecticut
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text:
You're Makin' Me High
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"You're Makin' Me High"
U.S. artwork (commercial CD maxi-single pictured)
Single by Toni Braxton
from the album Secrets
B-side
"Let It Flow"
Released
May 21, 1996 (United States)
Format
CD single, CD maxi single, cassette single, 12" single, 7" single
Recorded
1996
Genre
R&B
hip hop soul
Length
4:27
4:03 (single version)
Label
LaFace
Songwriter(s)
Babyface, Bryce Wilson
Producer(s)
Babyface, Bryce Wilson
Toni Braxton singles chronology
"String Module Error: Match not found" / "String Module Error: Match not found"
(1994) "You're Makin' Me High" / "Let It Flow"
(1996) "Un-Break My Heart"
(1996)
"I Belong to You"/"How Many Ways"
(1994) "You're Makin' Me High"/"Let It Flow"
(1996) "Un-Break My Heart"
(1996)
"You're Makin' Me High"
Toni Braxton's "You're Makin' Me High" from Secrets
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"You're Makin' Me High" is the lead single from Toni Braxton's second studio album, Secrets (1996). This mid-tempo song represents a joint collaboration between the Grammy Award-winning producer Babyface and Bryce Wilson, and was issued in the United States as a double A-side with "Let It Flow", the airplay hit from the motion picture Waiting to Exhale (1995). Caroline Bologna of The Huffington Post writes that the song is about masturbation.[1]
"You're Makin' Me High" became Braxton's first number-one single on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts; it remained on top for one week on the former and for two weeks on the latter, eventually going platinum as rated by the RIAA. A dance remix by David Morales with re-recorded vocals allowed the single to also top the Hot Dance Club Play chart for two weeks in August 1996. Another remix for urban markets was created featuring rapper Foxy Brown, called the "Groove Mix".
The song earned Braxton her third Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 1997. The success of "You're Makin' Me High" would later be continued with the release of "Un-Break My Heart" (1996). "You're Makin' Me High" was sampled for Method Man & Redman's 2001 song "Part II", from the How High soundtrack. In 2014, Anglo-American producer/DJ Secondcity sampled a part of the song's bridge for the main hook of his UK #1 single "I Wanna Feel".
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Track listings and formats
3 Charts and certifications
3.1 Peak positions
3.2 End of year charts
3.3 End of decade charts
3.4 Certifications
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Music video[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The music video, directed by Bille Woodruff, features Braxton and a group of friends (consisting of actresses Erika Alexander, Vivica A. Fox, and Tisha Campbell-Martin) enjoying themselves in luxurious surroundings. An elevator brings up a series of men, some very attractive and others amusingly unattractive. Braxton and her friends "judge" the men using oversized playing cards as score cards. Periodically, one of the women chooses a man to leave with. Braxton chooses Bryce Wilson, whom she dated at the time, and they are shown together in a bathtub of cotton candy and on a dance floor, with Braxton also shown wearing a white bodysuit.
Track listings and formats[edit]
European CD maxi single
"You're Makin' Me High" (Radio Edit) – 4:07
"You're Makin' Me High" (Album Version) – 4:26
"You're Makin' Me High" (Morales Classic Edit) – 3:35
"You're Makin' Me High" (Morales Classic Mix) – 9:41
UK CD 1
"You're Makin' Me High" (Radio Edit) – 4:07
"You're Makin' Me High" (T'empo's Radio Edit) – 4:05
"You're Makin' Me High" (Dancehall Mix) – 4:52
"You're Makin' Me High" (Groove Remix) – 4:34 - featuring Foxy Brown
"You're Makin' Me High" (T'empo's Private Club Mix) - 8:50
"You're Makin' Me High" (Morales Classic Mix) – 9:41
UK CD 2
"You're Makin' Me High" (Radio Edit) – 4:07
"Let It Flow" – 4:22
"Breathe Again" – 4:17
"Another Sad Love Song" – 4:55
US Cassette Single [2]
"You're Makin' Me High" (Radio Edit) – 4:07
"Let It Flow" (Album Version) – 4:22
"You're Makin' Me High" (Instrumental) – 4:07
"Let It Flow" (Instrumental) – 4:22
Charts and certifications[edit]
Peak positions[edit]
Chart (1996)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[2] 2
Canadian RPM Dance Chart[3] 1
Dutch Top 40[4] 13
European Hot 100 Singles[5] 30
German Singles Chart[6] 47
Irish Singles Chart[7] 21
New Zealand Singles Chart[8] 5
Scottish Singles Chart 28
Swedish Singles Chart[2] 11
UK Singles Chart[9] 7
UK R&B Singles Chart 2
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[10] 1
U.S. Billboard Pop Songs[11] 6
U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[10] 1
U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[10] 1
Chart (1997)
Peak
position
Canadian Singles Chart[10] 8
End of year charts[edit]
End of year chart (1996)
Position
Canada Dance (RPM)[12] 20
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[13] 9
End of year chart (1997)
Position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[14] 98
End of decade charts[edit]
Chart (1990-1999)
Position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[15] 68
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[16]
Platinum 70,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[17]
Platinum 10,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[18]
Silver 200,000^
United States (RIAA)[19]
Platinum 1,500,000[20]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
See also[edit]
R&B number-one hits of 1996 (USA)
Hot 100 number-one hits of 1996 (United States)
Number-one dance hits of 1996 (USA)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bologna, Caroline (August 27, 2015). "22 Sexy Songs That Give Female Masturbation The Love It Deserves". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Toni Braxton – You're Makin' Me High – swisscharts.com". swisscharts.com. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Jump up ^ Canadian Dance Chart peak
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 35 – 1996". Top 40 (in Dutch). Retrieved 2009-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Chart Data: Toni Braxton". mariah-charts.com. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Toni Braxton – You're Makin' Me High". Musicline.de (in German). Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts". IRMA. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Jump up ^ "charts.org.nz – Toni Braxton feat. Foxy Brown – You're Makin' Me High". charts.org.nz. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Chart Stats – Toni Braxton – You're Makin' Me High". Chart Stats. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Secrets > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Canada Top 50 Dance Tracks of 1996
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1996". Retrieved 2010-08-27.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1997". Retrieved 2010-08-28.
Jump up ^ Geoff Mayfield (December 25, 1999). 1999 The Year in Music Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade - The listing of Top Pop Albums of the '90s & Hot 100 Singles of the '90s. Billboard. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (2006). Australian Chart Book 1993-2005. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-45889-2.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Toni Braxton – You're Making Me High". Recorded Music NZ.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Toni Braxton – You're Making Me High". British Phonographic Industry. Enter You're Making Me High in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Braxton, Toni – You%27re Makin%27 Me High". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Best-Selling Records of 1996". Billboard. BPI Communications Inc. 109 (3): 61. January 18, 1997. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Toni Braxton
Studio albums
Solo
Toni Braxton
Secrets
The Heat
Snowflakes
More Than a Woman
Libra
Pulse
Sex & Cigarettes
Duet
Love, Marriage & Divorce
Compilation albums
Ultimate Toni Braxton
Platinum & Gold Collection
Artist Collection: Toni Braxton
Un-Break My Heart: The Remix Collection
Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best
The Essential Toni Braxton
Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton
Video albums
From Toni with Love... The Video Collection
Tours
Maze Tour
Secrets Tour
Libra Tour
2013 Summer Tour
The Hits Tour
Related articles
Discography
Awards and nominations
Braxton Family Values
Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart
The Braxtons
Book:Toni Braxton
[show]
v
t
e
Toni Braxton songs
Discography
Toni Braxton
"Another Sad Love Song"
"Breathe Again"
"Seven Whole Days"
"Love Shoulda Brought You Home"
"You Mean the World to Me"
"I Belong to You/How Many Ways"
Secrets
"You're Makin' Me High"
"Un-Break My Heart"
"How Could an Angel Break My Heart"
"Let It Flow"
"I Don't Want To"
"I Love Me Some Him"
The Heat
"He Wasn't Man Enough"
"Spanish Guitar"
"Just Be a Man About It"
"Maybe"
Snowflakes
"Christmas in Jamaica"
"Snowflakes of Love"
"Christmas Time Is Here"
"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
"The Christmas Song"
More Than a Woman
"Hit the Freeway"
Libra
"Please"
"Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)"
"Take This Ring"
"Suddenly"
"The Time of Our Lives"
Pulse
"Yesterday"
"Hands Tied"
"Make My Heart"
Love, Marriage & Divorce (with Babyface)
"Hurt You"
"Where Did We Go Wrong?"
"Roller Coaster"
Sex & Cigarettes
"Deadwood"
As featured artist
"Give U My Heart"
"Part II"
"We Are the World 25 for Haiti"
Other songs
"I Heart You"
Book:Toni Braxton
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You%27re_Makin%27_Me_High&oldid=796297073"
Categories:
1996 singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
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Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles
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Music videos directed by Bille Woodruff
Songs written by Babyface (musician)
Toni Braxton songs
Song recordings produced by Babyface (musician)
Songs about sexuality
Songs written by Bryce Wilson
LaFace Records singles
1996 songs
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values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/You%27re_Makin%27_Me_High
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

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