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Skara Brae
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This article is about a Neolithic settlement. For other uses, see Skara Brae (disambiguation).
Skara Brae
Skara Brae from the entrance gate
Shown within Orkney Islands
Location
Mainland, Orkney, Scotland, UK
Coordinates
59°02′55″N 3°20′35″W / 59.048611°N 3.343056°W / 59.048611; -3.343056
Type
Neolithic settlement
History
Periods
Neolithic
Site notes
Ownership
Historic Scotland
Public access
Yes
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type
Cultural
Criteria
i, ii, iii, iv
Designated
1999 (23rd session)
Part of
Heart of Neolithic Orkney
Reference no.
514
State Party
Scotland
Region
Europe and North America
Skara Brae /ˈskærə ˈbreɪ/ is a stone-built Neolithic settlement, located on the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of Mainland, the largest island in the Orkney archipelago of Scotland. Consisting of eight clustered houses, it was occupied from roughly 3180 BC to about 2500 BC. Europe's most complete Neolithic village, Skara Brae gained UNESCO World Heritage Site status as one of four sites making up "The Heart of Neolithic Orkney".a Older than Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids, it has been called the "Scottish Pompeii" because of its excellent preservation.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Discovery and early exploration
2 Neolithic lifestyle
3 Dating and abandonment
4 Artifacts
5 Related sites in Orkney
6 World Heritage status
7 In popular culture
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Discovery and early exploration[edit]
In the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths.[2] In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll known as "Skerrabra". When the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs.[2][3] William Watt of Skaill, the local laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after four houses were uncovered, the work was abandoned in 1868.[3] The site remained undisturbed until 1913, when during a single weekend the site was plundered by a party with shovels who took away an unknown quantity of artefacts.[2] In 1924, another storm swept away part of one of the houses and it was determined the site should be made secure and more seriously investigated.[2] The job was given to University of Edinburgh's Professor V. Gordon Childe who travelled to Skara Brae for the first time in mid-1927.[2]
Neolithic lifestyle[edit]
Skara Brae's people were makers and users of grooved ware, a distinctive style of pottery that appeared in northern Scotland not long before the establishment of the village.[4] The houses used earth sheltering, being sunk into the ground. They were sunk into mounds of pre-existing prehistoric domestic waste known as middens. The midden provided the houses with a stability and also acted as insulation against Orkney's harsh winter climate. On average, each house measures 40 square metres (430 sq ft) in size with a large square room containing a stone hearth used for heating and cooking. Given the number of homes, it seems likely that no more than fifty people lived in Skara Brae at any given time.[5]
Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae
It is by no means clear what material the inhabitants burned in their hearths. Gordon Childe was sure that the fuel was peat,[6] but a detailed analysis of vegetation patterns and trends suggests that climatic conditions conducive to the development of thick beds of peat did not develop in this part of Orkney until after Skara Brae was abandoned.[7] Other possible fuels include driftwood and animal dung. There is evidence that dried seaweed may have been used significantly. At some sites in Orkney, investigators have found a glassy, slag-like material called "kelp" or "cramp" that may be residual burnt seaweed.[8]
The dwellings contain a number of stone-built pieces of furniture, including cupboards, dressers, seats, and storage boxes. Each dwelling was entered through a low doorway that had a stone slab door that could be closed "by a bar that slid in bar-holes cut in the stone door jambs".[9] A sophisticated drainage system was incorporated into the village's design. It included a primitive form of toilet in each dwelling.[10]
Seven of the houses have similar furniture, with the beds and dresser in the same places in each house. The dresser stands against the wall opposite the door, and was the first thing seen by anyone entering the dwelling. Each of these houses had the larger bed on the right side of the doorway and the smaller on the left. Lloyd Laing noted that this pattern accorded with Hebridean custom up to the early 20th century suggesting that the husband's bed was the larger and the wife's was the smaller.[11] The discovery of beads and paint-pots in some of the smaller beds may support this interpretation. Additional support may come from the recognition that stone boxes lie to the left of most doorways, forcing the person entering the house to turn to the right-hand, "male", side of the dwelling.[12] At the front of each bed lie the stumps of stone pillars that may have supported a canopy of fur; another link with recent Hebridean style.[13]
Evidence of home furnishings
One house, called House 8, has no storage boxes or dresser. It has been divided into something resembling small cubicles. When this house was excavated, fragments of stone, bone and antler were found. It is possible that this building was used as a house to make simple tools such as bone needles or flint axes.[14] The presence of heat-damaged volcanic rocks and what appears to be a flue, support this interpretation. House 8 is distinctive in other ways as well. It is a stand-alone structure not surrounded by midden,[15] instead it is above ground and has walls over 2 metres (6.6 ft) thick. It has a "porch" protecting the entrance.
The site provided the earliest known record of the human flea (Pulex irritans) in Europe.[16]
The Grooved Ware People who built Skara Brae were primarily pastoralists who raised cattle and sheep.[6] Childe originally believed that the inhabitants did not practice agriculture, but excavations in 1972 unearthed seed grains from a midden suggesting that barley was cultivated.[17] Fish bones and shells are common in the middens indicating that dwellers ate seafood. Limpet shells are common and may have been fish-bait that was kept in stone boxes in the homes.[18] The boxes were formed from thin slabs with joints carefully sealed with clay to render them waterproof.
This pastoral lifestyle is in sharp contrast to some of the more exotic interpretations of the culture of the Skara Brae people. Euan MacKie suggested that Skara Brae might be the home of a privileged theocratic class of wise men who engaged in astronomical and magical ceremonies at nearby Ring of Brodgar and the Standing Stones of Stenness.[19] Graham and Anna Ritchie cast doubt on this interpretation noting that there is no archaeological evidence for this claim,[20] although a Neolithic "low road" that goes from Skara Brae passes near both these sites and ends at the chambered tomb of Maeshowe.[21] Low roads connect Neolithic ceremonial sites throughout Britain.
View over the settlement, showing covering to house No. 7 and proximity to modern shore line. The glass roof has now been replaced by a turf one, as the humidity and heat caused by the glass roof was hindering preservation.
Dating and abandonment[edit]
Originally, Childe believed that the settlement dated from around 500 BC.[6] This interpretation was coming under increasing challenge by the time new excavations in 1972–73 settled the question. Radiocarbon results obtained from samples collected during these excavations indicate that occupation of Skara Brae began about 3180 BC[22] with occupation continuing for about six hundred years.[23] Around 2500 BC, after the climate changed, becoming much colder and wetter, the settlement may have been abandoned by its inhabitants. There are many theories as to why the people of Skara Brae left; particularly popular interpretations involve a major storm. Evan Hadingham combined evidence from found objects with the storm scenario to imagine a dramatic end to the settlement:
As was the case at Pompeii, the inhabitants seem to have been taken by surprise and fled in haste, for many of their prized possessions, such as necklaces made from animal teeth and bone, or pins of walrus ivory, were left behind. The remains of choice meat joints were discovered in some of the beds, presumably forming part of the villagers' last supper. One woman was in such haste that her necklace broke as she squeezed through the narrow doorway of her home, scattering a stream of beads along the passageway outside as she fled the encroaching sand.[24]
Anna Ritchie strongly disagrees with catastrophic interpretations of the village's abandonment:
A popular myth would have the village abandoned during a massive storm that threatened to bury it in sand instantly, but the truth is that its burial was gradual and that it had already been abandoned – for what reason, no one can tell.[25]
The site was farther from the sea than it is today, and it is possible that Skara Brae was built adjacent to a fresh water lagoon protected by dunes.[22] Although the visible buildings give an impression of an organic whole, it is certain that an unknown quantity of additional structures had already been lost to sea erosion before the site's rediscovery and subsequent protection by a seawall.[26] Uncovered remains are known to exist immediately adjacent to the ancient monument in areas presently covered by fields, and others, of uncertain date, can be seen eroding out of the cliff edge a little to the south of the enclosed area.
Artifacts[edit]
Symbols found at Skara Brae and other Neolithic sites
A number of enigmatic carved stone balls have been found at the site and some are on display in the museum.[27] Similar objects have been found throughout northern Scotland. The spiral ornamentation on some of these "balls" has been stylistically linked to objects found in the Boyne Valley in Ireland.[28][29] Similar symbols have been found carved into stone lintels and bed posts.[6] These symbols, sometimes referred to as "runic writings", have been subjected to controversial translations. For example, Castleden suggested that "colons" found punctuating vertical and diagonal symbols may represent separations between words.[30]
Lumps of red ochre found here and at other Neolithic sites have been interpreted as evidence that body painting may have been practised.[31] Nodules of haematite with highly polished surfaces have been found as well; the shiny surfaces suggest that the nodules were used to finish leather.[32]
Other artefacts excavated on site made of animal, fish, bird, and whalebone, whale and walrus ivory, and killer whale teeth included awls, needles, knives, beads, adzes, shovels, small bowls and, most remarkably, ivory pins up to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long.[33] These pins are very similar to examples found in passage graves in the Boyne Valley, another piece of evidence suggesting a linkage between the two cultures.[34] So-called Skaill knives were commonly used tools in Skara Brae; these consist of large flakes knocked off sandstone cobbles.[35] Skaill knives have been found throughout Orkney and Shetland.
The 1972 excavations reached layers that had remained waterlogged and had preserved items that otherwise would have been destroyed. These include a twisted skein of Heather, one of a very few known examples of Neolithic rope,[36] and a wooden handle.[37]
Related sites in Orkney[edit]
A comparable, though smaller, site exists at Rinyo on Rousay. Unusually, no Maeshowe-type tombs have been found on Rousay and although there are a large number of Orkney–Cromarty chambered cairns, these were built by Unstan ware people.
Knap of Howar, on the Orkney island of Papa Westray, is a well-preserved Neolithic farmstead. Dating from 3500 BC to 3100 BC, it is similar in design to Skara Brae, but from an earlier period, and it is thought to be the oldest preserved standing building in northern Europe.[38]
There is also a site currently under excavation at Links of Noltland on Westray that appears to have similarities to Skara Brae.[39]
World Heritage status[edit]
"The Heart of Neolithic Orkney" was inscribed as a World Heritage site in December 1999. In addition to Skara Brae the site includes Maeshowe, the Ring of Brodgar, the Standing Stones of Stenness and other nearby sites. It is managed by Historic Scotland, whose "Statement of Significance" for the site begins:
The monuments at the heart of Neolithic Orkney and Skara Brae proclaim the triumphs of the human spirit in early ages and isolated places. They were approximately contemporary with the mastabas of the archaic period of Egypt (first and second dynasties), the brick temples of Sumeria, and the first cities of the Harappa culture in India, and a century or two earlier than the Golden Age of China. Unusually fine for their early date, and with a remarkably rich survival of evidence, these sites stand as a visible symbol of the achievements of early peoples away from the traditional centres of civilisation.[40]
In popular culture[edit]
The 1968 children's novel The Boy with the Bronze Axe by Kathleen Fidler is set during the last days of Skara Brae.[41][42] This theme is also adopted by Rosemary Sutcliff in her 1977 novel Shifting Sands, in which the evacuation of the site is portrayed as unhurried, with most of the inhabitants surviving.[43]
The Irish Celtic folk group Skara Brae took their name from the settlement. Active between 1970 and 1971, their only album Skara Brae was released in 1971, and reissued on CD in 1998.
A stone was unveiled in Skara Brae on 12 April 2008 marking the anniversary of Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becoming the first man to orbit the Earth in 1961.[44][45]
The video game The Bard's Tale takes place in Skara Brae.
In Kim Stanley Robinson's 1991 novelette A History of the Twentieth Century, With Illustrations, the main character visits Skara Brae and other Orkney Island neolithic sites as part of a journey he takes to gain perspective on the violent history of the 20th century.[46]
In the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Jones is shown lecturing to his students about the site,[47]:6 where he gives the date as "3100 B.C."
See also[edit]
Ness of Brodgar
Standing Stones of Stenness
Maeshowe
The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland
List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland
Timeline of prehistoric Scotland
List of oldest buildings in the United Kingdom
List of oldest buildings
Notes[edit]
^a It is one of four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Scotland, the others being the Old Town and New Town of Edinburgh; New Lanark in South Lanarkshire; and St Kilda in the Western Isles
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hawkes 1986, p. 262
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bryson 2010
^ Jump up to: a b "Skara Brae: The Discovery of the Village". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Darvill 1987, p. 85
Jump up ^ Hedges 1984, p. 107
^ Jump up to: a b c d Childe 1931
Jump up ^ Keatinge & Dickson 1979
Jump up ^ Fenton 1978, pp. 206–209
Jump up ^ Childe & Simpson 1952, p. 21
Jump up ^ Ginenthal, Charles (2015). Pillars of the Past Volume Four. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781329747944.
Jump up ^ Laing 1974, p. 61
Jump up ^ Ritchie 1995, p. 32
Jump up ^ Childe & Clarke 1983, p. 9
Jump up ^ Beck et al. 1999
Jump up ^ Clarke & Sharples 1985, p. 66
Jump up ^ Buckland & Sadler 2003
Jump up ^ Laing 1974, p. 54
Jump up ^ Childe & Clarke 1983, p. 10
Jump up ^ MacKie 1977
Jump up ^ Ritchie 1981, pp. 51–52
Jump up ^ Castleden 1987, p. 117
^ Jump up to: a b Childe & Clarke 1983, p. 6
Jump up ^ Castleden 1987, p. 47
Jump up ^ Hadingham 1975, p. 66
Jump up ^ Ritchie 1995, p. 29
Jump up ^ Clarke & Sharples 1985, p. 58
Jump up ^ "Carved-Stone Balls at Skara Brae". Retrieved 2011-11-03.
Jump up ^ Laing 1982, p. 137
Jump up ^ Piggott 1954, p. 329
Jump up ^ Castleden 1987, p. 253
Jump up ^ Burl 1976, p. 87
Jump up ^ Ritchie 1995, p. 18
Jump up ^ Clarke & Sharples 1985, pp. 78–81
Jump up ^ Ritchie 1981, p. 41
Jump up ^ Ritchie 1995, p. 16
Jump up ^ Burl 1979, p. 144
Jump up ^ Hedges 1984, p. 215
Jump up ^ "The Knap o' Howar, Papay". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Darvill 1987, p. 105
Jump up ^ "The Heart of Neolithic Orkney". Historic Scotland. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Bramwell 2009, pp. 182-185.
Jump up ^ Fidler 2005
Jump up ^ Bramwell 2009, pp. 185–186.
Jump up ^ "Orkney site marks space race date". BBC News. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
Jump up ^ Ross, John (12 April 2008). "Prehistoric honour for first man in space". Edinburgh: The Scotsman. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
Jump up ^ "A History of the Twentieth Century, with Illustrations". Retrieved 5 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Clarke, David (2012). Skara Brae. Historic Scotland. ISBN 978-1-84917-074-1.
Bibliography[edit]
Beck, Roger B.; Black, Linda; Krieger, Larry S.; Naylor, Phillip C.; Shabaka, Dahia Ibo (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell. ISBN 0-395-87274-X.
Bramwell, Peter (2009). Pagan Themes in Modern Children's Fiction: Green Man, Shamanism, Earth Mysteries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-21839-0.
Bryson, Bill (2010). At home : a short history of private life. London; New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-60827-5.
Buckland, Paul C.; Sadler, Jon P. (2003). "Insects". In Edwards, Kevin J.; Ralston, Ian B.M. Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC – AD 1000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1736-1.
Burl, Aubrey (1976). The Stone Circles of the British Isles. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01972-6.
Burl, Aubrey (1979). Prehistoric Avebury. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02368-5.
Castleden, Rodney (1987). The Stonehenge People. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ISBN 0-7102-0968-1.
Childe, V. Gordon (1931). Skara Brae, a Pictish Village in Orkney. meeting held in London: monograph of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
Childe, V. Gordon; Simpson, W. Douglas (1952). Illustrated History of Ancient Monuments: Vol. VI Scotland. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Childe, V. Gordon; Clarke, D. V. (1983). Skara Brae. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 0-11-491755-8.
Clarke, D.V.; Sharples, Niall (1985). Settlements and Subsistence in the Third Millennium BC, in: Renfrew, Colin (Ed.) The Prehistory of Orkney BC 4000–1000 AD. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-85224-456-8.
Darvill, Timothy (1987). Prehistoric Britain. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03951-4.
Fenton, Alexander (1978). Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland. John Donald Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-85976-019-7.
Fidler, Kathleen (2005). The Boy with the Bronze Axe. Edinburgh: Floris Books. ISBN 978-0-86315-488-1.
Hadingham, Evan (1975). Circles and Standing Stones: An Illustrated Exploration of the Megalith Mysteries of Early Britain. New York: Walker and Company. ISBN 0-8027-0463-8.
Hawkes, Jacquetta (1986). The Shell Guide to British Archaeology. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-2448-0.
Hedges, John W. (1984). Tomb of the Eagles: Death and Life in a Stone Age Tribe. New York: New Amsterdam. ISBN 0-941533-05-0.
Keatinge, T.H.; Dickson, J.H. (1979). "Mid Flandrian Changes in Vegetation in Mainland Orkney". New Phytol. 82 (2): 585–612. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb02684.x.
Laing, Lloyd (1974). Orkney and Shetland: An Archaeological Guide. Newton Abbott: David and Charles Ltd. ISBN 0-7153-6305-0.
Laing, Lloyd & Jennifer (1982). The Origins of Britain. London: Paladin. ISBN 0-586-08370-7.
MacKie, Euan (1977). Science and Society in Prehistoric Britain. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-70245-0.
Piggott, Stuart (1954). Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07781-8.
Ritchie, Graham & Anna (1981). Scotland: Archaeology and Early History. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27365-0.
Ritchie, Anna (1995). Prehistoric Orkney. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. ISBN 0-7134-7593-5.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skara Brae.
"Historic Scotland: Skara Brae Prehistoric Village". Retrieved 3 November 2011.
"Orkneyjar : Skara Brae : The discovery of the village". Retrieved 3 November 2011.
"Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland : Site Record for Skara Brae". Retrieved 3 November 2011.
Skaill House, Bay of Skaill, home of excavator William Watt
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v
t
e
World Heritage Site 'Tentative List' applicants in Scotland
2006 applicants
The Flow Country
(Cairngorm Mountains)
2010 applicants
Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland
(Arbroath Abbey)
(Buildings of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Glasgow)
(St Andrews, Medieval Burgh and Links)
Names in brackets have not been placed on the Tentative List
[show]
v
t
e
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Bath
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Coordinates: 59°02′55″N 3°20′35″W / 59.04861°N 3.34306°W / 59.04861; -3.34306
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skara_Brae&oldid=841581018"
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text:
All England Open Badminton Championships
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Yonex All-England official logo
The All England Open Badminton Championships is the world's oldest badminton tournament, held annually in England. With the introduction of the BWF's latest grading system, it was given Superseries status in 2007, upgraded to Superseries Premier status in 2011.[1]
The world's first open tournament was held in the English town of Guildford in 1898, the success of which paved the way for the All England's inaugural edition, which was held at London's Horticultural Halls in 1899. Although the inaugural edition consisted of just the doubles format, the singles were introduced from the second edition onward.[2] It was eventually considered – especially after the first Thomas Cup series in 1949 – the unofficial world championship of the sport until 1977, when the International Badminton Federation launched its official championships.[citation needed]
There were two instances when it was halted – from 1915 to 1919 (due to World War I) and from 1940 to 1946 (due to World War II).[3]
Contents
1 Historical venues for the Championships
2 Past winners
2.1 Full list
3 Successful players
4 Performances by nation
5 References
6 External links
Historical venues for the Championships[edit]
The tournament has been held at eight venues, and is now played at Arena Birmingham, Birmingham.[4]
Years active
Venue
Location
1899–1901 HQ of the London Scottish Rifles Buckingham Gate
1902 Crystal Palace Central Transept Sydenham Hill
1903–1909 London Rifles Brigade's City Headquarters Bunhill Row, Islington
1910–1939 Lindley Hall, Vincent Square Westminster, London
1947–1949 Harringay Arena, North London Stadium North London
1950–1956 Empress Hall Earls Court
1957–1993 Wembley Arena Wembley, London
1994– Arena Birmingham Birmingham
Past winners[edit]
Year
Men's singles
Women's singles
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
1899 no competition D. Oakes
Stewart Marsden Massey Meriel Lucas
Mary Violet Graeme D. Oakes
Daisey St. John
1900 Sydney H. Smith Ethel B. Thomson H. L. Mellersh
F. S. Collier
1901 H. W. Davies Daisey St. John
E. Moseley F. S. Collier
Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown
1902 Ralph Watling Meriel Lucas Ethel B. Thomson
Meriel Lucas L. U. Ransford
E. Moseley
1903 Ethel B. Thomson Stewart Marsden Massey
E. L. Huson Mabel Hardy
Dorothea K. Douglas George Alan Thomas
Ethel B. Thomson
1904 Henry Norman Marrett Albert Prebble
Henry Norman Marrett Ethel B. Thomson
Meriel Lucas Henry Norman Marrett
Dorothea K. Douglass
1905 Meriel Lucas C. T. J. Barnes
Stewart Marsden Massey Henry Norman Marrett
Hazel Hogarth
1906 Norman Wood Ethel Thomson Larcombe Henry Norman Marrett
George Alan Thomas George Alan Thomas
Ethel B. Thomson
1907 Meriel Lucas Albert Prebble
Norman Wood G. L. Murray
Meriel Lucas George Alan Thomas
G. L. Murray
1908 Henry Norman Marrett Henry Norman Marrett
George Alan Thomas Norman Wood
Meriel Lucas
1909 Frank Chesterton Frank Chesterton
Albert Prebble Albert Prebble
Dora Boothby
1910 Henry Norman Marrett
George Alan Thomas Mary K. Bateman
Meriel Lucas Guy Sautter
Dorothy Cundall
1911 Guy Sautter Margaret Larminie Percy Douglas Fitton
Edward Hawthorn Alice Gowenlock
Dorothy Cundall George Alan Thomas
Margaret Larminie
1912 Frank Chesterton Margaret Tragett Henry Norman Marrett
George Alan Thomas Edward Hawthorn
Hazel Hogarth
1913 Guy Sautter Lavinia Radeglia Frank Chesterton
George Alan Thomas Hazel Hogarth
Mary K. Bateman Guy Sautter
M. E. Mayston
1914 Margaret Tragett
Eveline Peterson George Alan Thomas
Hazel Hogarth
1915
1919 no competition
1920 George Alan Thomas Kitty McKane Archibald Engelbach
Raoul du Roveray Lavinia Radeglia
Violet Elton George Alan Thomas
Hazel Hogarth
1921 George Alan Thomas
Frank Hodge Margaret Stocks
Kitty McKane
1922 Guy Sautter
Frank Devlin Margaret Tragett
Hazel Hogarth
1923 Lavinia Radeglia Frank Devlin
Gordon Mack Gordon Mack
Margaret Tragett
1924 Gordon Mack Kitty McKane George Alan Thomas
Frank Hodge Margaret Stocks
Kitty McKane Frank Devlin
Kitty McKane
1925 Frank Devlin Margaret Stocks Herbert Uber
Arthur Kenneth Jones Margaret Tragett
Hazel Hogarth
1926 Marjorie Barrett Frank Devlin
Gordon Mack A. M. Head
Violet Elton Frank Devlin
Eveline Peterson
1927 Margaret Tragett
Hazel Hogarth
1928 Margaret Tragett George Alan Thomas
Frank Hodge Marjorie Barrett
Violet Elton Albert Edward Harbot
Margaret Tragett
1929 Marjorie Barrett Frank Devlin
Gordon Mack Frank Devlin
Marian Horsley
1930 Donald C. Hume Herbert Uber
Betty Uber
1931 Frank Devlin Marian Horsley
Betty Uber
1932 Ralph Nichols Leoni Kingsbury Donald C. Hume
Raymond M. White Marjorie Barrett
Leoni Kingsbury
1933 Raymond M. White Alice Woodroffe Marjorie Bell
Thelma Kingsbury Donald C. Hume
Betty Uber
1934 Ralph Nichols Leoni Kingsbury Marjorie Henderson
Thelma Kingsbury
1935 Raymond M. White Betty Uber
1936 Ralph Nichols Thelma Kingsbury Leslie Nichols
Ralph Nichols
1937 Betty Uber
Diana Doveton Ian Maconachie
Thelma Kingsbury
1938 Daphne Young Raymond M. White
Betty Uber
1939 Tage Madsen Dorothy Walton Thomas Boyle
James Rankin Ruth Dalsgaard
Tonny Olsen Ralph Nichols
Bessie M. Staples
1940
1946 no competition
1947 Conny Jepsen Marie Ussing Tage Madsen
Poul Holm Tonny Ahm
Kirsten Thorndahl Poul Holm
Tonny Ahm
1948 Jørn Skaarup Kirsten Thorndahl Preben Dabelsteen
Børge Frederiksen Jørn Skaarup
Kirsten Thorndahl
1949 David G. Freeman Aase Schiøtt Jacobsen Ooi Teik Hock
Teoh Seng Khoon Betty Uber
Queenie Allen Clinton Stephens
Patricia Stephens
1950 Wong Peng Soon Tonny Ahm Jørn Skaarup
Preben Dabelsteen Tonny Ahm
Kirsten Thorndahl Poul Holm
Tonny Ahm
1951 Aase Schiøtt Jacobsen David Choong
Eddy Choong
1952 Tonny Ahm Tonny Ahm
Aase Schiøtt Jacobsen
1953 Eddy Choong Marie Ussing Iris Rogers
June White David Choong
June White
1954 Judy Devlin Ooi Teik Hock
Ong Poh Lim Sue Devlin
Judy Devlin John Best
Iris Cooley
1955 Wong Peng Soon Margaret Varner Finn Kobberø
Jørgen Hammergaard Hansen Iris Rogers
June White Finn Kobberø
Kirsten Thorndahl
1956 Eddy Choong Sue Devlin
Judy Devlin Tony Jordan
June Timperley
1957 Judy Devlin Joe Alston
Johnny Heah Anni Hammergaard Hansen
Kirsten Thorndahl Finn Kobberø
Kirsten Thorndahl
1958 Erland Kops Erland Kops
Poul-Erik Nielsen Margaret Varner
Heather Ward Tony Jordan
June Timperley
1959 Tan Joe Hok Heather Ward Lim Say Hup
Teh Kew San Iris Rogers
June Timperley Poul-Erik Nielsen
Inge Birgit Hansen
1960 Erland Kops Judy Devlin Finn Kobberø
Poul-Erik Nielsen Sue Devlin
Judy Devlin Finn Kobberø
Kirsten Granlund
1961 Judy Hashman Finn Kobberø
Jørgen Hammergaard Hansen Judy Hashman
Sue Devlin Peard
1962 Judy Hashman
Tonny Holst-Christensen Finn Kobberø
Ulla Rasmussen
1963 Judy Hashman
Sue Devlin Peard
1964 Knud Aage Nielsen Karin Jørgensen
Ulla Rasmussen Tony Jordan
Jennifer Pritchard
1965 Erland Kops Ursula Smith Ng Boon Bee
Tan Yee Khan Karin Jørgensen
Ulla Strand Finn Kobberø
Ulla Strand
1966 Tan Aik Huang Judy Hashman Judy Hashman
Sue Devlin Peard
1967 Erland Kops Henning Borch
Erland Kops Imre Rietveld
Ulla Strand Svend Pri
Ulla Strand
1968 Rudy Hartono Eva Twedberg Minarni Sudaryanto
Retno Koestijah Tony Jordan
Sue Pound
1969 Hiroe Yuki Margaret Boxall
Sue Pound Whetnall Roger Mills
Gillian Perrin
1970 Etsuko Takenaka Tom Bacher
Poul Petersen Per Walsøe
Pernille Mølgaard Hansen
1971 Eva Twedberg Ng Boon Bee
Punch Gunalan Noriko Takagi
Hiroe Yuki Svend Pri
Ulla Strand
1972 Noriko Nakayama Christian Hadinata
Ade Chandra Machiko Aizawa
Etsuko Takenaka
1973 Margaret Beck Derek Talbot
Gillian Gilks
1974 Hiroe Yuki Tjun Tjun
Johan Wahjudi Margaret Beck
Gillian Gilks David Eddy
Susan Whetnall
1975 Svend Pri Machiko Aizawa
Etsuko Takenaka Elliot Stuart
Nora Gardner
1976 Rudy Hartono Gillian Gilks Bengt Fröman
Thomas Kihlström Gillian Gilks
Sue Pound Whetnall Derek Talbot
Gillian Gilks
1977 Flemming Delfs Hiroe Yuki Tjun Tjun
Johan Wahjudi Etsuko Toganoo
Emiko Ueno
1978 Liem Swie King Gillian Gilks Atsuko Tokuda
Mikiko Takada Mike Tredgett
Nora Perry
1979 Lene Køppen Verawaty
Imelda Wiguna Christian Hadinata
Imelda Wiguna
1980 Prakash Padukone Gillian Gilks
Nora Perry Mike Tredgett
Nora Perry
1981 Liem Swie King Hwang Sun-ai Rudy Heryanto
Hariamanto Kartono Nora Perry
Jane Webster
1982 Morten Frost Zhang Ailing Razif Sidek
Jalani Sidek Lin Ying
Wu Dixi Martin Dew
Gillian Gilks
1983 Luan Jin Thomas Kihlström
Stefan Karlsson Xu Rong
Wu Jianqiu Thomas Kihlström
Nora Perry
1984 Morten Frost Li Lingwei Rudy Heryanto
Hariamanto Kartono Lin Ying
Wu Dixi Martin Dew
Gillian Gilks
1985 Zhao Jianhua Han Aiping Kim Moon-soo
Park Joo-bong Han Aiping
Li Lingwei Billy Gilliland
Nora Perry
1986 Morten Frost Kim Yun-ja Chung Myung-hee
Hwang Hye-young Park Joo-bong
Chung Myung-hee
1987 Kirsten Larsen Li Yongbo
Tian Bingyi Lee Deuk-choon
Chung Myung-hee
1988 Ib Frederiksen Gu Jiaming Chung So-young
Kim Yun-ja Wang Pengren
Shi Fangjing
1989 Yang Yang Li Lingwei Lee Sang-bok
Park Joo-bong Chung Myung-hee
Chung So-young Park Joo-bong
Chung Myung-hee
1990 Zhao Jianhua Susi Susanti Kim Moon-soo
Park Joo-bong Chung Myung-hee
Hwang Hye-young
1991 Ardy Wiranata Li Yongbo
Tian Bingyi
1992 Liu Jun Tang Jiuhong Rudy Gunawan
Eddy Hartono Yao Fen
Lin Yanfen Thomas Lund
Pernille Dupont
1993 Hariyanto Arbi Susi Susanti Jon Holst-Christensen
Thomas Lund Chung So-young
Gil Young-ah Jon Holst-Christensen
Grete Mogensen
1994 Rudy Gunawan
Bambang Suprianto Nick Ponting
Joanne Wright
1995 Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen Lim Xiaoqing Ricky Subagja
Rexy Mainaky Gil Young-ah
Jang Hye-ock Thomas Lund
Marlene Thomsen
1996 Bang Soo-hyun Ge Fei
Gu Jun Park Joo-bong
Ra Kyung-min
1997 Dong Jiong Ye Zhaoying Ha Tae-kwon
Kang Kyung-jin Liu Yong
Ge Fei
1998 Sun Jun Lee Dong-soo
Yoo Yong-sung Kim Dong-moon
Ra Kyung-min
1999 Peter Gade Candra Wijaya
Tony Gunawan Chung Jae-hee
Ra Kyung-min Simon Archer
Joanne Goode
2000 Xia Xuanze Gong Zhichao Ha Tae-kwon
Kim Dong-moon Ge Fei
Gu Jun Kim Dong-moon
Ra Kyung-min
2001 Pullela Gopichand Tony Gunawan
Halim Haryanto Gao Ling
Huang Sui Zhang Jun
Gao Ling
2002 Chen Hong Camilla Martin Ha Tae-kwon
Kim Dong-moon Kim Dong-moon
Ra Kyung-min
2003 Muhammad Hafiz Hashim Zhou Mi Candra Wijaya
Sigit Budiarto Zhang Jun
Gao Ling
2004 Lin Dan Gong Ruina Jens Eriksen
Martin Lundgaard Hansen Kim Dong-moon
Ra Kyung-min
2005 Chen Hong Xie Xingfang Cai Yun
Fu Haifeng Nathan Robertson
Gail Emms
2006 Lin Dan Jens Eriksen
Martin Lundgaard Hansen Zhang Jun
Gao Ling
2007 Koo Kien Keat
Tan Boon Heong Wei Yili
Zhang Yawen Zheng Bo
Gao Ling
2008 Chen Jin Tine Baun Jung Jae-sung
Lee Yong-dae Lee Hyo-jung
Lee Kyung-won
2009 Lin Dan Wang Yihan Cai Yun
Fu Haifeng Zhang Yawen
Zhao Tingting He Hanbin
Yu Yang
2010 Lee Chong Wei Tine Baun Lars Paaske
Jonas Rasmussen Du Jing
Yu Yang Zhang Nan
Zhao Yunlei
2011 Wang Shixian Mathias Boe
Carsten Mogensen Wang Xiaoli
Yu Yang Xu Chen
Ma Jin
2012 Lin Dan Li Xuerui Jung Jae-sung
Lee Yong-dae Tian Qing
Zhao Yunlei Tontowi Ahmad
Liliyana Natsir
2013 Chen Long Tine Baun Liu Xiaolong
Qiu Zihan Wang Xiaoli
Yu Yang
2014 Lee Chong Wei Wang Shixian Mohammad Ahsan
Hendra Setiawan
2015 Chen Long Carolina Marín Mathias Boe
Carsten Mogensen Bao Yixin
Tang Yuanting Zhang Nan
Zhao Yunlei
2016 Lin Dan Nozomi Okuhara Vladimir Ivanov
Ivan Sozonov Misaki Matsutomo
Ayaka Takahashi Praveen Jordan
Debby Susanto
2017 Lee Chong Wei Tai Tzu-ying Marcus Fernaldi Gideon
Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo Chang Ye-na
Lee So-hee Lu Kai
Huang Yaqiong
2018 Shi Yuqi Kamilla Rytter Juhl
Christinna Pedersen Yuta Watanabe
Arisa Higashino
Full list[edit]
Men's singles
Women's singles
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Successful players[edit]
Below is the list of the most successful players in the All England Open Badminton Championships:
Name
MS
WS
MD
WD
XD
Total
George Alan Thomas 4 9 8 21
Frank Devlin 6 7 5 18
Judy Devlin[1] 10 7 17
Meriel Lucas 6 10 1 17
Finn Kobberø 7 8 15
Betty Uber 1 4 8 13
Tonny Ahm[2] 2 6 4 12
Ethel B. Thomson[3] 5 4 2 11
Margaret Tragett[4] 3 5 3 11
Erland Kops 7 4 11
Gillian Gilks[5] 2 3 6 11
Kirsten Thorndahl 1 5 5 11
Gao Ling 6 5 11
Ulla Strand[6] 3 7 10
Ralph C. F. Nichols 5 3 1 9
Park Joo-bong 4 5 9
Chung Myung-hee 4 5 9
Marjorie Barrett 5 4 9
Kitty McKane[7] 4 2 2 8
Gordon 'Curly' Mack 1 6 1 8
Rudy Hartono 8 8
Nora Perry[8] 2 6 8
Eddy B. Choong 4 3 7
In the modern era players are less able to compete in multiple disciplines due to the differentiation of required skills and the physical demands of the game. Some men's and women's doubles players are able to compete successfully in mixed doubles. The last player to win in both singles and a doubles discipline was Li Lingwei of China who won women's doubles in 1985 then in women's singles in 1989.
Many female badminton players change their surname after marriage. Below are some of the former names or latest names as noted in the table above:
^1 – Judy Devlin later known as Judy Hashman
^2 – Tonny Ahm formerly known as Tonny Olsen
^3 – Ethel B. Thomson formerly known as Larcombe
^4 – Margaret Tragett formerly known as Larminie
^5 – Gillian Gilks formerly known as Gillian Perrin and the latest was changed to Gillian Goodwin
^6 – Ulla Strand formerly known as Ulla Rasmussen
^7 – Kitty McKane later known as Godfree
^8 – Nora Perry formerly known as Nora Gardner
Performances by nation[edit]
Updated after the 2018 edition.
Nation
MS
WS
MD
WD
XD
Total
1 England 24 39 28 46.5 52 189.5
2 Denmark 20 14 21 11 21 88
3 China 20 21 6 23 12 82
4 Indonesia 15 4 20 2 5 46
5 South Korea 3 10 12 10 35
6 Malaysia 14 11.5 0.5 26
7 Ireland 7 7.5 2 3.5 20
8 United States 1 12 0.5 4 1 18.5
9 Japan 7 7 1 15
10 Sweden 1 3 2 0.5 6.5
11 Switzerland 3 0.5 1 4.5
12 India 2 2
Chinese Taipei 2 2
14 Canada 1 1
Russia 1 1
Spain 1 1
17 Netherlands 0.5 0.5
Scotland 0.5 0.5
Total 107 107 108 108 108 538
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gilmour, Rod (22 May 2010). "All England Badminton Championships handed 'premier' status on world tour". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
Jump up ^ International Badminton … the first 75 years. Badminton World Federation. p. 80. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "History". Badminton England. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "The History of All England Championships". Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
External links[edit]
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All England Open Badminton Championships
1899
1900
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1905
1906
1907
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Men's Singles – Women's Singles – Men's Doubles – Women's Doubles – Mixed Doubles
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