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Comparison of Linux distributions
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Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, including how quickly security upgrades are available; ease of package management; and number of packages available.
These tables compare each active and noteworthy distribution's latest stable release on wide-ranging objective criteria. It does not cover each operating system's subjective merits, branches marked as unstable or beta, nor compare Linux distributions with other operating systems.
Contents
1 General
2 Technical
3 Instruction set architecture support
4 Package management and installation
5 Live media
6 Security features
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
General[edit]
Basic general information about the distributions: creator or producer, release date, the latest version, and such. References are not added here but can be found in respective articles.
Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation[1] are marked 100% Free under the System distribution commitment column.
Distribution
Founder
Maintainer
Initial release year
Current stable version
Security updates (years)
Release date
System distribution commitment
Forked from
Target audience
Cost
Status
Alpine Linux
Alpine Linux Team Alpine Linux Team 2006 3.8.0 ? 2018-06-26[2] X – security, lightweight, general Gratis Active
ALT Linux
ALT Linux Team ALT Linux Team, ALT Linux LLC 2001 8.2 ? 2013-07-10[3] X Mandrake Linux general, school Gratis Active
Antergos
Alexandre Filgueira Antergos Project 2012 Rolling Rolling Rolling X Arch Linux general Gratis Active
antiX
Anticapitalista Anticapitalista 2007 17 ? 2017-08-24[4] X Debian, MEPIS old computers Some editions are gratis Active
ArchBang
Willensky Aristide Stan McLaren 2010 Rolling Rolling ? X Arch Linux general Gratis Active
Arch Linux
Judd Vinet dev team 2002 Rolling Rolling Rolling X – general Gratis Active
BLAG
Brixton Linux Action Group Brixton Linux Action Group 2002 140k ? 2011-05-04 100% Free: GNU FSDG Fedora desktop Gratis Inactive
Bodhi Linux
Bodhi Linux Team Bodhi Linux Team 2011 4.5.0[5] ? 2018-02-24 X Debian, Ubuntu desktop Gratis Active
Canaima
CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community 2007 5.0 ? 2016-12-19 X Debian, Ubuntu Government of Venezuela Gratis Active
CentOS
CentOS Project CentOS Project 2003 7.5-1804 10 years 2018-05-10 X Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server, workstation Gratis Active
Chakra
Jan Mette and Arch Linux KDEmod developers The Chakra Project Team 2010 Rolling Rolling ? X Arch Linux[6] desktop Gratis Active
Chromium OS
Google ? 2009 Rolling Rolling Rolling X Chrome OS web applications Gratis Active
ClearOS
Peter Baldwin ClearFoundation 2000 7.3.0 ? 2017-03-04 X RHEL, CentOS server, gateway, network Some editions are gratis Active
CrunchBang Linux
Philip Newborough Philip Newborough 2008 11 ? 2013-05-06[7] X Debian desktop Gratis Inactive
Damn Small Linux
John Andrews dev team 2003 4.4.10 ? 2008-11-18[8] X Debian, Knoppix lightweight, portable Gratis Active
Debian
Ian Murdock Debian Project 1993 9.5 ~3 years[g 1] 2018-07-14 Debian Social Contract and DFSG (main is 100% free, non-free packages are optional)[9] – general, server, desktop Gratis Active
Debian Edu
Debian Project 2004 8.0+edu0 ~3 years[g 1] 2016-07-03[10] Debian Social Contract and DFSG – schools Gratis Active
Devuan
The "Veteran Unix Admins" (VUA) The "Veteran Unix Admins" (VUA) 2016 1.0.0 ? 2017-05-25 ? Debian general Gratis Active
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Matias A. Fonzo Matias A. Fonzo 2009 2.2 ? 2012-04-21 100% Free: GNU FSDG Independent, inspired from Slackware general Gratis Active
dyne:bolic
Jaromil Jaromilx 2005 3.0.0 ? 2011-09-08 100% Free: GNU FSDG Debian multimedia Gratis Inactive
Elementary OS
Daniel Foré elementary LLC 2011 5.0 ? 2018-10-16[11] X Ubuntu, Debian general Gratis Active
ELinOS
SYSGO SYSGO 1999 ? 6.1 2016-07-06[12] X – embedded systems Partial Active
Emdebian Grip
Embedded Debian Project Embedded Debian Project 2009 3.1 End-of-life 2013-06-15 X Debian embedded systems Gratis Inactive
Fedora
Fedora Project Fedora Project 2003 28 ? 2018-05-01 Fedora Licensing Guidelines[13] – general Gratis Active
Freespire
Lindows.com, Inc. Linspire, Inc. 2002 2.0.8 ? 2007-11-30 X Debian desktop Gratis Inactive
Gentoo Linux
Daniel Robbins Gentoo Foundation, Inc. 2002 Rolling Rolling ? Gentoo Social Contract – general Gratis Active
Guix System Distribution
Ludovic Courtès Ludovic Courtès, Ricardo Wurmus, the Guix community 2012 0.15.0 Rolling 2018-07-06[14] 100% Free: GNU FSDG – general Gratis Active
gNewSense
Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley Sam Geeraerts with sponsorship from the FSF 2006 4.0 (Ucclia) ? 2016-05-02[15] 100% Free: GNU FSDG Debian general, server Gratis Active
gnuLinEx
Regional Government of Extremadura dev team 2002 LinEx 2013 ? 2013-02-11 X Debian desktop Gratis Inactive
Grml
Michael Prokop The Grml Team 2005 2017.05 ? 2017-05-31 X Debian live, maintenance, security, network, forensic, accessibility Gratis Active
Instant WebKiosk
Marco Buratto Binary Emotions 2012 16.0 ? 2017-04-05[16] X Debian web kiosks, digital signage, personal web navigation Gratis Active
Kali Linux
Max Moser, Mati Aharoni, Martin J. Muench Offensive Security 2013 2018.1 ? 2018-02-06[17] X Debian auditing, forensic, security, network Gratis Active
Knoppix
Klaus Knopper dev team 2000 8.1 ? 2017-09-27[18] X Debian live Gratis Active
Kodibuntu
The XBMC Project Team Kodi 2008 ? ? ? X Debian, Ubuntu multimedia Gratis Active
Korora
Chris Smart Dev Team 2005 26 ? 2017-09-16[19] X Fedora desktop Gratis Active
LibreCMC
LibreCMC team LibreCMC team 2010 1.4.2 ? 2017-12-31 100% Free: GNU FSDG Merged from LibreWRT embedded systems Gratis Active
Linspire
Linspire, Inc. Linspire, Inc. 2001 7.0 ? 2018-01-01 X Ubuntu ? Commercial[20] Active
Linux Mint
Clement Lefebvre dev team 2006 18.3 ~3 years (LMDE); 5 years (main editions) 2017-11-27 X Debian, Ubuntu desktop Gratis Active
Linux Lite
Jerry Bezencon Linux Lite Team 2012 3.8 ? 2017-02-01 X Ubuntu desktop Gratis Active
Mageia
Mageia Community mageia.org 2010 6 1 2017-07-16[21] X Mandriva Linux general Gratis Active
Mandriva Linux
Mandrakesoft S.A. Mandriva S.A. 1998 2011 ? 2011-08-28 X Red Hat Linux general Some editions are gratis Inactive
Manjaro Linux
Roland Singer dev team 2012[22] Rolling Rolling Rolling X Arch Linux general Gratis Active
MEPIS
Warren Woodford MEPIS LLC 2003 ? ? ? X Debian desktop, server Gratis Inactive
Musix GNU+Linux
Musix team Musix team 2008 3.0.1 ? 2014-03-13 100% Free: GNU FSDG Debian multimedia Gratis Active
Netrunner
Blue Systems dev team 2009 18.03 as per Debian Testing or Manjaro (rolling) 2018-03-11 X Debian, Manjaro/Arch desktop Gratis Active
NixOS
Eelco Dolstra and Armijn Hemel NixOS Foundation 2003 17.09 6 months 2017-10-02 X - general, server, desktop Gratis Active
Novell Open Enterprise Server
Novell Novell, Inc. dev team 2003 ? ? ? X SUSE Linux Enterprise Server server Commercial[23] Active
OpenELEC
Stephan Raue, OpenELEC Team OpenELEC Team 2011 8.0.4 ? 2017-06-04 X – multimedia Gratis Active
openSUSE
SUSE Linux, Novell openSUSE Project 2006 42.3 3 years[24] 2017-07-26 X – general, desktop Gratis Active
OpenWrt
? OpenWrt team 2007 15.05.1 ? 2017-03-16 X – embedded systems Gratis ?
Oracle Linux
Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation 2006 7.4 ? 2017-08-08 X Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server Gratis Active
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Parabola Hackers Parabola Hackers 2009 Rolling Rolling 2017-05-28[25] 100% Free: GNU FSDG followed in Parabola Social Contract Arch Linux general Gratis Active
Pardus
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) TÜBİTAK 2005 5 ? 2015-04-25 X – general Gratis ?
Parsix
Alan Baghumian Parsix Project 2005 8.15 ? 2017-01-25 X Debian desktop Gratis Inactive
PCLinuxOS
Bill Reynolds dev team 2003 2017.04[26] Semi-rolling 2017-04-02 X Mandriva Linux desktop Gratis Active
Pentoo
Michael Zanetta, Rick Farina, Jens Pranaitis Pentoo 2005 2015.0 RC4.6 ? 2015-12-02 X Gentoo Linux auditing, security Gratis Active
Porteus
Fanthom Porteus 2010 3.2.2 ? 2016-12-29 X Slackware lightweight, portable Gratis Active
Puppy Linux
Barry Kauler Puppy Foundation 2003 6.3.2 ? 2016-06-22 X – lightweight, portable Gratis Active
Qubes OS
Joanna Rutkowska Invisible Things Lab 2012 4.0 ? 2018-03-28[27] X Xen and Fedora security by compartmentalization, desktop Gratis Active
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
Red Hat Red Hat 2002 7.6 ? 2018-10-30[28] X Red Hat Linux, Fedora server, workstation Commercial[29][30] Active
Red Hat Linux
Red Hat Red Hat 1995 9 ? 2003-03-31 X – server, workstation Gratis Inactive
Rocks Cluster Distribution
UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp 2000 7.0 ? 2015-12-01 X Red Hat Linux server, workstation Gratis Active
Sabayon Linux
Fabio Erculiani dev team 2005 17.12 ? 2017-11-29[31] X Gentoo Linux general Gratis Active
Salix OS
Cyrille Pontvieux, George Vlahavas, Pierrick Le Brun, Thorsten Mühlfelder Salix team 2009 14.2 ? 2016-08-29 X Slackware general Gratis ?
Scientific Linux
CERN, Fermilab dev team 2004 7.4 ? 2017-10-02 X Red Hat Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server, workstation Gratis Active
Slackware
Patrick Volkerding dev team 1993 14.2[32] ? 2016-06-30 X Softlanding Linux System (SLS) general Gratis Active
Slax
Tomas Matejicek Tomas Matejicek 2002 9.3.0 ? 2017-12-24[33] X Debian, Slackware (until Slax 9) live Gratis Active
SliTaz GNU/Linux
Christophe Lincoln dev team 2008 Rolling Rolling 2017-12-03 X – portable Gratis Active
Solus
Ikey Doherty dev team 2005 Rolling Rolling 2017-08-15 X – desktop Gratis Active
SolydXK
Arjen Balfoort dev team 2013 201801 Debian packages as per Debian 2018-01-23 X Debian desktop Gratis Active
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Ryan Abrams, Eric Schabell dev team 2002 0.62-11 ? 2017-10-22 Source Mage Social Contract Sorcerer general Gratis Active
SteamOS
Valve Corporation Valve Corporation 2013 2.148 ? 2018-01-23 X Debian video games Gratis Active
SUSE Linux Enterprise
SUSE Microfocus 2000 12SP3 ? 2017-09-07 X Slackware, Jurix workstation, server Commercial[34] Active
Tails
? Tails Development Team 2009 3.8 –[g 2] 2018-06-26 X Debian security-focused aimed for anonymity and privacy Gratis Active
Tiny Core Linux
Robert Shingledecker Team Tiny Core 2009 8.2.1 ? 2017-11-07 X Tiny Core Linux portable Gratis Active
Tor-ramdisk
Anthony G. Basile dev team 2008 20151215 ? 2015-12-15 X Gentoo Linux Embedded, uClibc Tor server Gratis Active
Trisquel GNU/Linux
Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam) Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam) 2005 8.0 5 years[g 3] 2018-04-18 100% Free: GNU FSDG Ubuntu LTS desktop Gratis Active
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Alon Swartz, Liraz Siri TurnKey GNU/Linux Team 2008 14.1 Debian packages as per Debian; TurnKey packages for life of current major version (plus backports per request) 2016-04-15[35] Debian Social Contract and DFSG Debian server based software appliance library aiming to balance security and ease of use Gratis Active
Ubuntu and Derivatives[36]
Canonical Ltd. Canonical Ltd. 2004 18.10 Standard releases 9 months, LTS releases 5 years. Flavor LTS releases 3 or 5 years. 2018-10-18[37] X Debian general, server, desktop Gratis Active
Univention Corporate Server
Univention GmbH Univention GmbH 2004 4.3 up to 6 months for the free Core Edition; if maintenance is purchased, it's up to 7 years, see:[38] 2018-03-14 X Debian home, business, and school Core Edition is gratis Active
Ututo
Diego Saravia, Daniel Olivera UTUTO dev team 2000 XS 2012 ? 2012-04-27 100% Free: GNU FSDG Ututo XS: Gentoo Linux, Ututo UL: Ubuntu general Gratis Active
VectorLinux
Robert S. Lange dev team 1999 7.1 ? 2015-06-27 X Slackware desktop Gratis ?
Void Linux
Juan Romero Pardines Juan RP and contributors 2008 Rolling Rolling 2017-10-07 X – general Gratis Active
Webconverger
Kai Hendry Webconverger Limited 2007 35.0 ? 2016-05-19 X Debian kiosk software, digital signage Commercial Active
Xandros
Xandros Incorporated Xandros Incorporated 2001 ? ? 2007-07-26 X Corel Linux ? Commercial Inactive
Zentyal
eBox Technologies eBox Technologies 2005 5 ? 2016-11-29 X Debian, Ubuntu small business server Some editions are gratis ?
Zenwalk
Jean-Philippe Guillemin dev team 2004 Rolling[39] ? 2018-03-09 X Slackware general Gratis Active
Distribution
Founder
Maintainer
Initial release year
Current stable version
Security updates (years)
Release date
System distribution commitment
Forked from
Target audience
Cost
Status
^ Jump up to: a b Debian releases are officially supported for 1 year after the subsequent release, with releases being approximately 2 years apart. The Debian LTS Project provides community based support extending the complete support period to 5 years.
Jump up ^ All security updates are in new versions which are released every six weeks.
Jump up ^ for more information visit: https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel
Technical[edit]
The table below shows the default file system, but many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. It is possible to install Linux onto most of these file systems. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3, and ext4 are based on the original Linux file system.
File systems have been developed by companies to meet their specific needs, by hobbyists, or adapted from Unix, Microsoft Windows, and other operating systems. Linux has full support for XFS and JFS, FAT (the DOS file system), and HFS, the main file system for the Macintosh. Support for Microsoft Windows NT's NTFS file system has been developed and is now comparable with other native Unix file systems. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs' ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF) are supported.
Unlike other operating systems, Linux and Unix allow any file system regardless of the medium it is stored on, whether that medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk (CD, DVD, etc.), a USB flash memory key, or even contained within a file located on another file system. Similarly, many C compilers (mainly GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)), init systems (mainly sysvinit), desktop environments and window managers are widely supported.
Distribution
Default Linux kernel
Default file system
Default init system
Install-time desktop environment or window manager selection
Alpine Linux
Binary blobs ext4 openrc none
ALT Linux
Binary blobs ext3 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce
Arch Linux
Binary blobs[43] none[44] systemd none
BLAG
Linux-libre ext3 sysvinit GNOME
Bodhi Linux
Binary blobs ext4 systemd Moksha (Enlightenment fork)
Canaima
Binary blobs[43] ? ? Cinnamon and MATE
CentOS
Binary blobs[43] xfs systemd GNOME
Chakra
Binary blobs ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces
ClearOS
Binary blobs ext3 ? none (Web based)
CoreOS
Binary blobs ext4 systemd None
CrunchBang Linux
Binary blobs ext4 sysvinit Openbox
Damn Small Linux
Binary blobs ext3 sysvinit JWM
Debian
By default Linux-libre, but the Debian Project also hosts a non-free repository allowing blobs to be installed optionally.[43] Built with Linux-libre tools.[45] ext4 systemd GNOME, KDE, Xfce, LXDE[46]
Devuan
? ext4 sysvinit Xfce
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Linux-libre ext4 runit Xfce
dyne:bolic
Linux-libre ? ? GNOME
Fedora
Binary blobs ext4 systemd GNOME (default Workstation Edition), Spins for: KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, LXDE, MATE (with Compiz), Cinnamon, Sugar on a Stick
Funtoo
Binary blobs none openrc None
Gentoo
Binary blobs none openrc Awesome, Enlightenment, Fluxbox, GNOME, KDE, LXDE-Meta, Openbox, XBMC and Xfce (live DVD)[47]
gNewSense
Debian Linux kernel, and (unlike Debian) blobs cannot be installed[45] ext3 sysvinit GNOME
gnuLinEx
Binary blobs ext2 ? GNOME
GuixSD
Linux-libre btrfs, ext4 GNU Shepherd GNOME, Xfce, Mate, Enlightenment, i3, ratpoison, xmonad
Instant WebKiosk
Binary blobs SquashFS ? Has no DE. It's a browser-only interface
Kali Linux
Binary blobs ext3 systemd GNOME
Knoppix
Binary blobs xfs microknoppix LXDE
LibreCMC[48]
Binary blobs ext4 busybox-init none
Linux Mint[49]
Binary blobs[43] ext4 systemd MATE, Cinnamon, KDE 4, XFCE
Mageia
Binary blobs ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME
Mandriva Linux
Binary blobs ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces
Manjaro Linux
Binary blobs none[50] systemd Xfce, KDE, GNOME [51]
MEPIS
Binary blobs ext3, ext4 sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces
Musix GNU+Linux[52]
Linux-libre ext4 initscripts LXDE
OpenELEC
Binary blobs SquashFS shell script XBMC Media Center
openSUSE
Binary blobs btrfs systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, Xfce
OpenWrt
Binary blobs overlayfs+SquashFS/JFFS2[53] procd[54] none
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Linux-libre none openrc or systemd none
Pardus
Binary blobs ext4 ? KDE Plasma Workspaces
Parsix
Binary blobs ext4 systemd GNOME
PCLinuxOS
Binary blobs none sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce, Enlightenment, Openbox
Pentoo
Binary blobs SquashFS openrc Enlightenment
Porteus
Binary blobs Squashfs, ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, reiser, xfs sysvinit KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Openbox, Razor-qt
Puppy Linux
Binary blobs SquashFS containing ext2 busybox-init JWM
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Binary blobs xfs systemd GNOME
Rxart Desktop
Binary blobs ext3 ? KDE Plasma Workspaces
Sabayon Linux
Binary blobs ext4[55] systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME
Scientific Linux
Binary blobs ext4 sysvinit, systemd[56] GNOME
Slackware
Binary blobs[43] ext4 BSD init scripts KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, Fluxbox, Blackbox, twm
Slax
Binary blobs SquashFS sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces
SliTaz GNU/Linux
Binary blobs ext3 busybox-init Openbox
Solus
Binary blobs ext4 systemd Budgie, Gnome, MATE
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Binary blobs ext2 simpleinit-msb none
SteamOS
Binary blobs ? ? Steam
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop
Binary blobs[43] ext3 systemd GNOME
Tails Vanilla Linux[43] ? systemd GNOME
Tor-ramdisk Binary blobs ext2 ? none
Trisquel
Linux-libre ext4, xfs systemd GNOME, LXDE
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Binary blobs ext4 systemd none - headless server by design; provides Webmin for administration
Ubuntu/Edubuntu
Binary blobs[43] ext4[57] systemd Unity
Ubuntu GNOME
Binary blobs ext4 systemd GNOME 3
Ubuntu MATE
Binary blobs ext4 systemd MATE
Kubuntu
Binary blobs ext4[57] systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces
Xubuntu
Binary blobs ext4[57] systemd Xfce
Lubuntu
Binary blobs ext4 systemd LXDE
Ututo
Ututo XS (stable) is de-blobed with Linux-libre tools.[58] Ututo UL (development) uses Linux-libre. Ututo UL means "Ubuntu-Libre" ext3 ? GNOME
VectorLinux
Binary blobs ReiserFS sysvinit KDE, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, Xfce
Void Linux
Binary blobs none runit none
Webconverger
Binary blobs gitfs sysvinit dwm enforcing a Browser-only interface
XBMC Live
Binary blobs ext3 systemd XBMC Media Center
Zentyal
Binary blobs ext4 ? LXDE
Zenwalk
Binary blobs ext4 sysvinit Xfce
Distribution
Default Linux kernel
Default file system
Default init system
Install-time desktop environment or window manager selection
Instruction set architecture support[edit]
Linux kernel portability to instruction set architectures other than x86, was an early feature added to the kernel.
Distribution
x86
x86-64
ia64
ppc[59]
ppc64
sparc32
sparc64
arm
hppa[60]
loongson
mips[61]
sh
s390
s390x
alpha[62]
m68k[63]
riscv
Alpine Linux
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
Arch Linux
Yes
Unofficial[64]
Official discontinued 2017-11-08[65] Yes No Discontinued unofficial port No No No Yes
Unofficial[66] No Discontinued. Unofficial port[67] No No No No No No
BackTrack
Discontinued from BackTrack 5 and superseded by Kali Linux[68] Discontinued from BackTrack 5 and superseded by Kali Linux No No No No No Discontinued from BackTrack 5 and superseded by Kali Linux No No No No No No No No
BLAG
Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Bodhi Linux
Yes Yes No No No No No Discontinued
2013-10-23[69] No No No No No No No No
BOSS Linux
Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No ? No No No No No No No No
CentOS
AltArch Yes Discontinued
3.5-3.8
4.1-4.7[70] Beta, Discontinued
4.0 AltArch Beta
4.2[70][71] No AltArch No No No No Discontinued
3.5-3.8
4.1-4.7[70][72] Discontinued
3.5-3.8
4.1-4.7[70][72] Discontinued
4.2-4.3[70][73][74] No
Chakra
No Yes No No No No No ? No No No No No No No No
CRUX
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
Debian[75]
Yes Yes
4.0+ Discontinued
3.0-7.0[76] Discontinued
2.2-8 Yes Discontinued
2.1-4.0[77] Discontinued
-7[78] Yes
2.2+ Discontinued
3.0-5.0 Yes Yes
3.0+ In progress Discontinued
3.0-7 Yes
7+ Discontinued
2.1-5.0 Discontinued
2.0-3.1 In progress[79]
Devuan
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
dyne:bolic
Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Fedora[80]
Yes Yes Discontinued from
Fedora 9
[81] Discontinued from
Fedora 17
Yes No Inactive from
Fedora 12[82] Yes[83] No In progress Inactive from
Fedora 13
[84] No No Yes No No In progress[85]
Finnix
Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
Gentoo[86]
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[87] Yes Yes[88] Yes[89][90] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
gNewSense
Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No
GuixSD[91]
Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Kali Linux
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
LibreCMC
No No No No No No No No No No Yes XBurst No No No No No
Manjaro Linux
Yes
Unofficial[92] Yes No No No No No Yes
Unofficial[93] No No No No No No No No
MEPIS
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
Musix GNU+Linux
Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
OpenELEC
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
openSUSE[94]
Discontinued
42.1 Yes No No[95] No[95] No partial[96] partial[97] No No No No No No No No
OpenWrt[98]
Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No
Oracle Linux[99]
Yes Yes Discontinued
5[100] No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Yes Yes No No Test release[101] No No Yes, ARMv7[102][103] No Discontinued[104] Discontinued[104] No No No No No Test release[105]
Red Flag Linux
Discontinued
8.0[106] Discontinued
8.0[106] Discontinued
3[107] No Discontinued
3[107] No No No No No No No No No No No
Red Hat Linux[108]
Discontinued
9.0 No Discontinued
7.1-7.2 Test release
5.1[109] No Discontinued
4.0-4.2
5.1-6.2 Test release
5.1[109] No No No Test release
5.1[109] No Discontinued
7.2 Yes Discontinued
2.1-7.1 Test release
5.1[109]
Red Hat Enterprise Linux[110]
Discontinued
2.1-6[111] Yes
3+ Discontinued
2.1-5[112] Yes
3+ Yes
3+ No No No No No No No Discontinued
3-4[113] Yes
3+ No No
Sabayon Linux
Discontinued Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Scientific Linux
Yes Yes Discontinued
3-4 No No No No No No No No No No No No No
SHR
No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
Slackware
Yes Yes No No No Discontinued
?[114] No Yes No No No No Discontinued
?[115] Discontinued
?[115] Discontinued
8.1[116] No
Solus
No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No ? No No No No No No
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server[117]
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No AArch64 only[118] No No No No No Yes No No
Tor-ramdisk
Yes Yes[119] No No No No No No No No Yes[120] No No No No No
Trisquel GNU/Linux
Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Selected ISOs
available Yes No No No No No No - but under development by community No No No No No No No No
Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu/Lubuntu
Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes, including 64-bit ARMv8-A No No No No No No No No
Ututo
Yes Yes No No No No No No No In progress No No No No No No
Void Linux
Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
XBMCbuntu
Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
Yellow Dog Linux
No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
Distribution
x86
x86-64
ia64
ppc
ppc64
sparc32
sparc64
arm
hppa
loongson
mips
sh
s390
s390x
alpha
m68k
riscv
Package management and installation[edit]
Information on features in the distributions. Package numbers are only approximate. Some distributions like Debian tend to separate tools into different packages - usually stable release, development release, documentation and debug. Also counting the source package number varies. For debian and rpm based entries it is just the base to produce binary packages, so the total number of packages is the number of binary packages. For arch based entries, it is additional. E.g. Arch Linux provides 11'000 + 47'000 packages, i.e. 58'000 packages.
Distribution
Free software repositories
Approximate number of pre-compiled packages
Approximate number of source packages
Default package management tool(s)
Package format
Default installer
Graphical installation process
Netinstall
Netboot
Alpine Linux
Free, and nonfree 7003813500000000000♠8,135[121] ? apk .apk setup-alpine No ? ?
ALT Linux
Free, and nonfree 7003830000000000000♠8,300[122] ? APT (APT-RPM), RPM RPM Yes ? ?
Arch Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004110000000000000♠11,000[123] 7004470000000000000♠47,000 from AUR[124] Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts only) No Yes iPXE
BLAG
Free only 7004100000000000000♠10,000[125] ? RPM, yum, APT RPM Yes No No
Bodhi Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004350000000000000♠35,000 ? APT .dpkg Ubiquity Yes ? ?
CentOS
Free, and nonfree 7004175650000000000♠17,565[126] ? RPM, yum/up2date RPM Anaconda Yes Yes ?
Chakra
Free, and nonfree 7003307400000000000♠3,074[127] 7003466300000000000♠CCR: 4,663[128] Pacman (will be replaced by Akabei in future) .pkg.tar.xz Package manager in development ? ?
ClearOS
Free, and nonfree ? ? RPM, yum RPM No ? ?
CrunchBang Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004230000000000000♠23,000 ? APT .deb Yes ? ?
Damn Small Linux
Free, and nonfree 7002610000000000000♠610 ? myDSL, APT .dsl, .tar.gz, .uci, .unc, .deb No ? ?
Debian
Free, and nonfree 7004680000000000000♠68,000[129] 7004210410000000000♠21,041[a] APT .deb Debian-Installer Yes Yes PXE
Devuan
Free, and nonfree ? ? APT .deb ? Yes Yes PXE
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Free only 7002484000000000000♠484 ? pkgsystem .tlz ? No No No
dyne:bolic
Free only ? ? APT .deb Debian-Installer Yes No No
Fedora
Free, and nonfree 7004200000000000000♠20,000 [130] 7004250410000000000♠25,041[131] DNF, yum, PackageKit RPM Anaconda Yes Yes ?
Gentoo
Free, and nonfree 7002108000000000000♠108[132] 7004190920000000000♠19,092[133][b] Portage .ebuild, .tbz2 Yes[c] Yes PXE
gNewSense
Free only ? ? APT .deb Debian-Installer Yes Yes No
gnuLinEx
Free, and nonfree 7002200000000000000♠200 ? APT .deb Yes ? ?
GuixSD
Free only 7003789300000000000♠7,893[134] 7003789300000000000♠7,893 Guix .scm, .go guix system init WIP[135] Yes No
Knoppix
Free, and nonfree 7003360000000000000♠3,600 ? APT .deb No ? ?
LibreCMC
Free only 7002826000000000000♠826 ? ? ? No No No
Linux Mint
Free, and nonfree 7004507810000000000♠50,781 ? APT .deb Ubiquity Yes ? ?
Mageia
Free, and nonfree 7004172830000000000♠17,283 (i586), 7004114090000000000♠11,409 (x86-64)[136] 7003883400000000000♠8,834[137] urpmi, rpmdrake RPM DrakX Yes Yes ?
Mandriva Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004226000000000000♠22,600 ? urpmi, rpmdrake RPM DrakX Yes ? ?
Manjaro Linux
Free, and nonfree ? ? from AUR[124] Pacman .pkg.tar.xz Calamares[138] Yes[139] Yes iPXE
MEPIS
Free, and nonfree 7004200000000000000♠20,000 ? APT .deb MEPIS Install Yes ? ?
Musix GNU+Linux
Free only 7003181900000000000♠1,819 ? APT .deb Debian-Installer Yes No No
OpenELEC
Free, and nonfree 7002140000000000000♠140[140] ? XBMCbuntu addon manager, own and 3rd party addons .zip Yes ? ?
openSUSE
Free, and nonfree 7004340000000000000♠34,000 7004340000000000000♠34,000[141] YaST, Zypper RPM YaST Yes Yes ?
OpenWrt
Free, and nonfree 7003200000000000000♠2,000 ? opkg .ipk - No ? ?
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Free only 7004230000000000000♠23,000[142] ? Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts) or Calamares Yes Yes ?
Pardus
Free, and nonfree 7003400000000000000♠4,000 ? PiSi .pisi YALI Yes ? ?
Parsix
Free, and nonfree 7004290000000000000♠29,000 7004149000000000000♠14,900 APT .deb Yes ? ?
PCLinuxOS
Free, and nonfree 7004120000000000000♠12,000 ? APT, RPM RPM Yes ? ?
Puppy
Free, and nonfree 7002700000000000000♠700 ? PupGet, DotPup .pup, .pet Yes ? ?
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Free, and nonfree 7003300000000000000♠3,000 (plus 7003915500000000000♠9,155 from EPEL[143]) ? RPM, yum RPM Anaconda Yes ? ?
Rxart
Free, and nonfree 7003500000000000000♠5,000 ? APT .deb Yes ? ?
Sabayon Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004131300000000000♠>13,130 ? Portage, Entropy ebuild, .tbz2 Calamares Yes ? ?
Scientific
Free, and nonfree ? ? APT/yum RPM Yes ? ?
Slackware
Free, and nonfree 7003229200000000000♠2,292 ? installpkg, upgradepkg tgz, .txz, .tlz, .tbz No Yes Yes
Slax
Free, and nonfree 7003205000000000000♠2,050 ? none .lzm ? ?
SliTaz GNU/Linux
Free, and nonfree 7003338100000000000♠3,381[144] ? Tazpkg .tazpkg tazinst Yes iPXE iPXE
Solus
Free, and nonfree 7003950000000000000♠9,500 ? eopkg .eopkg os-installer Yes No No
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Free, and nonfree 7002118000000000000♠118 7003887600000000000♠8,876 Sorcery Package Manager src Yes ? ?
SUSE Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004240940000000000♠24,094 7004113850000000000♠11,385 YaST, Zypper RPM YaST Yes ? ?
Tiny Core Linux Free, and nonfree 7004251600000000000♠25,160 ? ab, tce-load tcz tc-install, core2usb Yes ? ?
Tiny SliTaz Free, and nonfree 7001500000000000000♠50 ? Web site[145] tazpkg No ? iPXE
Tor-ramdisk Free, and nonfree ? ? none none No ? ?
Trisquel
Free only 7004527480000000000♠52,748[146] ? APT .deb Ubiquity Yes Yes ?
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Free, and nonfree 7004572900000000000♠57,290[129] plus ≈30 custom packages 7004210410000000000♠21,041[d] (currently TurnKey only supplies source code for custom packages) APT .deb DI-Live (custom fork of Debian Installer) No No No
Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu
Free, and nonfree 7004732290000000000♠73,229[147] 7004244740000000000♠24,474[e] APT .deb Ubiquity Yes Yes PXE
Ututo
Free only 7003500000000000000♠5,000 ? UTUTO Package Manager ebuild ? ? No No
Vector Linux
Free, and nonfree ? ? slapt-get, gslapt, installpkg tgz Yes ? ?
Void Linux
Free, nonfree and multilib 7003600000000000000♠6,000 7003671900000000000♠6,719 xbps .xbps ncurses script Yes Yes No
XBMC Live
Free, and nonfree ? ? APT .deb No ? ?
Zentyal
Free, and nonfree ? ? APT .deb dpkg Yes ? ?
Zenwalk
Free, and nonfree 7003200000000000000♠2,000 ? netpkg, installpkg, upgradepkg tgz, txz Yes ? ?
Distribution
Free software repositories
Approximate number of pre-compiled packages
Approximate number of source packages
Default package management tools
Package format
Default installer
Graphical installation process
Netinstall
Netboot
Live media[edit]
Distribution
Size of media (MB)
RAM use (MB)
Boots from CD
Boots from DVD
Installable live CD/DVD
Installable from USB
Arch Linux
7002742000000000000♠742 Yes Yes Yes Yes
AUSTRUMI
7002301000000000000♠301 Yes Yes Yes Yes
BLAG Linux and GNU
7002696000000000000♠696 ? Yes No ?
Bodhi Linux
7003102400000000000♠1,024 7001800000000000000♠80 Yes Yes Yes Yes
CentOS
7002603000000000000♠603 (Minimal) 7003409600000000000♠4,096 (DVD) Yes Yes Yes (installable since 6.0) Yes
Chakra
7003215000000000000♠2,150 No Yes Yes Yes
Debian
7002958000000000000♠958 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Devuan
7002868000000000000♠868
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
7002655000000000000♠655 ? Yes ? ? ?
dyne:bolic
7003165000000000000♠1,650 ? up to version 2.x Yes ? ?
Fedora
7003143400000000000♠1,434 7002256000000000000♠256 to 7003102400000000000♠1,024 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Gentoo
7002260000000000000♠260 (Minimal) 7003204800000000000♠2,048 (Live DVD) up to 7002128000000000000♠128 Yes Yes Yes Yes
gNewSense[148]
7003120000000000000♠1,200 7002512000000000000♠512 ? ? Yes ?
Grml
7002460000000000000♠460 7001320000000000000♠32 to 7002128000000000000♠128 Yes No Yes Yes
Guix System Distribution[149]
7002987000000000000♠987 6999270000000000000♠0.27 No Yes Yes Yes
Knoppix CD
7002700000000000000♠700 7002128000000000000♠128 to 7002320000000000000♠320 Yes Yes Only DVD edition is maintained
Knoppix DVD
7003481300000000000♠4,813 7002128000000000000♠128 to 7002500000000000000♠500 No Yes
LibreCMC
? ? No No No No
Mandriva Linux One
7002700000000000000♠700 7002128000000000000♠128 to 7002768000000000000♠768 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Manjaro Linux
7002473000000000000♠473 to 7003220000000000000♠2,200[150] 7002256000000000000♠256 to 7003102400000000000♠1,024 Yes Yes Yes Yes
MEPIS
7002700000000000000♠700 to 7003400000000000000♠4,000 7002128000000000000♠128 to 7002512000000000000♠512 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Musix GNU+Linux
7003200000000000000♠2,000 ? No Yes Yes Yes
Nanolinux
7001180000000000000♠18 7001640000000000000♠≈64 Yes Yes Yes Yes
openGEU
7002700000000000000♠700 7002192000000000000♠192 to 7002512000000000000♠512 Yes Yes
openSUSE (Not 42.1)
7002700000000000000♠700 7002128000000000000♠128 to 7002768000000000000♠768 Yes Yes Yes Yes
OpenWrt
7000400000000000000♠min 4 7001160000000000000♠min 16 No No No No
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
7002400000000000000♠400 to 7003330000000000000♠3,300 ? Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pardus
7003125600000000000♠1,256 to 7003127600000000000♠1,276 7002256000000000000♠256 to 7003102400000000000♠1,024 Yes Yes Yes Yes
PCLinuxOS
7002130000000000000♠130 to 7002700000000000000♠700 7001960000000000000♠96 to 7002512000000000000♠512 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pentoo
7002666000000000000♠666 and 7002700000000000000♠700 7001480000000000000♠48 to 7001960000000000000♠96 Yes Yes By hand[151] By hand
Porteus
? ? ? ? Yes Yes
Puppy Linux (Slacko)
7002235000000000000♠235 7001320000000000000♠32 to 7002192000000000000♠192 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Puredyne
7002542000000000000♠542 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sabayon Linux Live CD
7002695000000000000♠695 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sabayon Linux Live DVD
7003240000000000000♠2,400 No Yes Yes Yes
Scientific Linux
7002431000000000000♠431 to 7003230000000000000♠2,300[152] 7002640000000000000♠640 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Slax
7002200000000000000♠200 7001960000000000000♠96 to 7002320000000000000♠320 Yes Yes Yes
Solus
7003120000000000000♠1,200 7003102400000000000♠1,024 No Yes Yes Yes
SystemRescueCD
7002459000000000000♠459 Yes Yes Yes Yes
SliTaz GNU/Linux
7001350000000000000♠35 7001240000000000000♠24 to 7002192000000000000♠192 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tails
7002900000000000000♠≈900 7003102400000000000♠≈1,024 No Yes Yes Yes (when run from DVD)
Tiny Core Linux
7001160000000000000♠16 7001460000000000000♠46 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tiny SliTaz
7000144000000000000♠1.44 7000400000000000000♠4 Yes Yes By SliTaz By SliTaz
Tor-ramdisk 7000500000000000000♠5 7002256000000000000♠256 or >[153] Yes Yes Yes Yes
Trisquel
7003150000000000000♠1,500[154] 7002384000000000000♠384 Yes Yes Yes Yes
TurnKey GNU/Linux Core (base) appliance ISO
7002212000000000000♠212 7002173000000000000♠~173 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Ubuntu
7003170000000000000♠1,700[155] 7002384000000000000♠384 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Ututo
7003350000000000000♠3,500 ? No Yes Yes ?
Edubuntu
7003290000000000000♠2,900[156] Yes Yes Yes
Kubuntu
7003140000000000000♠1,400[157] 7002384000000000000♠384 Yes Yes Yes Yes
XBMC Live
7002700000000000000♠700 7002256000000000000♠256 to 7003102400000000000♠1,024 Yes No Yes Yes
Zentyal
7002600000000000000♠600 7002256000000000000♠256 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Xubuntu
7003120000000000000♠1,200[158] 7002256000000000000♠256 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Distribution
Size of media (MB)
RAM use (MB)
Boots from CD
Boots from DVD
Installable live CD/DVD
Installable from USB
Security features[edit]
Distribution
Compile time buffer checks
Mandatory access control
Software executable space protection
grsecurity
RSBAC
Alpine Linux
Yes[159] Unknown PaX Yes Unknown
BLAG
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Debian/Ubuntu
Yes SELinux, AppArmor PaX optional Optional Optional
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
dyne:bolic
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Fedora
Yes SELinux[160] Exec Shield[161] No No
Gentoo
Optional SELinux, AppArmor PaX optional Optional Optional
gNewSense
Unknown SELinux, AppArmor[f] Unknown Unknown Unknown
Guix System Distribution
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
LibreCMC
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Mandriva
Unknown AppArmor Unknown Unknown Yes
Musix GNU+Linux
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Unknown Optional[162] Unknown Optional[162] Unknown
SUSE Linux
Yes AppArmor[163] Hardware NX and other methods in mainline kernel and toolchain[164] No No
Solus
Yes AppArmor Unknown No Unknown
Tor-ramdisk
Unknown Unknown PaX Yes No
Trisquel
Unknown SELinux, AppArmor[g] Unknown Unknown Unknown
Ututo
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
See also[edit]
Information technology portal
Software portal
Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions
Comparison of operating systems
DistroWatch
List of Linux distributions
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ From the Sources.gz files in the main, contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2015-11-21, Debian Sid, the development release, have 24757 source packages.
Jump up ^ Note this number is just of packages in the Official Gentoo Overlay (or Portage Tree). Several hundred other packages are available from other overlays
Jump up ^ Can be installed graphically (GTK+ and ncurses), but traditionally done by command line (install cd, live cd, netboot, and from distributions).
Jump up ^ From the Sources.gz files in the main, contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2015-11-21, Debian Sid, the development release, have 24757 source packages.
Jump up ^ From the Sources.gz files in the main,universe, multiverse and restricted sections of Ubuntu Wily.
Jump up ^ Based on Debian
Jump up ^ Based on Ubuntu
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Sabayon Forums • View topic - Sabayon Linux 4.1 KDE: Stable release". forum.sabayonlinux.org.
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Jump up ^ "Portal:ARM - openSUSE". En.opensuse.org. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "OpenWrt". OpenWrt. 2015-12-16. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2012-11-14. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ "Linux Operating System | Technologies". Oracle. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ Andreas Grapentin. "Re: [GNU-linux-libre] ppc64el support in endorsed distros".
Jump up ^ Delgado, André Fabian Silva (3 October 2015). "Parabola GNU/Linux-libre supports ARMv7". Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "ARM Installation Guide". Retrieved 30 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "MIPS Installation - Parabola Wiki".
Jump up ^ "Index of /parabola-ports/". mirror.grapentin.org.
^ Jump up to: a b "今日红旗-新闻中心-北京中科红旗软件技术有限公司". Redflag-linux.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Red Flag Asianux Server 4-应用服务器-产品-北京中科红旗软件技术有限公司". Redflag-linux.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Index of /pub/redhat/linux". Archive.download.redhat.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d [2][dead link]
Jump up ^ "We make open source technologies for the enterprise". Redhat.com. 2016-10-13. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2014-02-23. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ "redhat.com | Enterprise Linux 2.1". Web.archive.org. 2003-12-09. Archived from the original on 2003-12-09. Retrieved 2016-11-12. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ RHEL 4 is the last version to support 31-bit s390. RHEL 5 only supports 64-bit s390x.
Jump up ^ "The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Ports". Slackware.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Index of /pub/slack390". Ftp.slackware.pl. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Ports". Slackware.com. 2002-07-19. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "SUSE Linux Enterprise Server | SUSE". Novell.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 Release Notes". SUSE. September 7, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "x86_64 Port". Opensource.dyc.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Tor-ramdisk MIPS Port". Opensource.dyc.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "aports - Main aports tree". Git.alpinelinux.org. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Sisyphus - intro". Sisyphus.ru. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Arch Linux - Package Search". Archlinux.org. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
^ Jump up to: a b "AUR (en) - Packages". Aur.archlinux.org. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
Jump up ^ "BLAG • View topic - rolling or frozen". Forums.blagblagblag.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Fedora Package Database". fedoraproject.org. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-03-15. Retrieved 2013-03-17. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ "Chakra | CCR (en) - Home". Chakraos.org. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "All Debian packages in "Stretch"" (TXT). Packages.debian.org. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
Jump up ^ https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/stats/[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Fedora Package Database". fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Search Results for -bin". packages.gentoo.org. Gentoo Foundation, Inc. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gentoo Packages". packages.gentoo.org. Gentoo Foundation, Inc. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Packages — GuixSD". 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Graphical Installer - Call for Testing". 2017-01-04. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Linux Free Software Catalog and Packages Search". Linux Free Software Catalog and Packages Search. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Build system status". Pkgsubmit.mageia.org. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Calamares – The universal installer framework". Retrieved 2018-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Graphical Software Managers - Manjaro Linux". Wiki.manjaro.org. 2016-07-18. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "OpenELEC.tv/packages at master · OpenELEC/OpenELEC.tv · GitHub". Github.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ Stats for openSUSE_(Factory|Tumleweed) counting the entris in the package database file http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss/repodata/662416e0920e2bc2bb5ca45e337dcab310325f28ab1e5661d6f876b8dc232103-susedata.xml.gz. Count no architecture and 64bit architecture only to avoid duplicate count via grep 'package pkgid="' '/tmp/662416e0920e2bc2bb5ca45e337dcab310325f28ab1e5661d6f876b8dc232103-susedata.xml' | grep noarch | wc (which gives 16000 and grep 'package pkgid="' '/tmp/662416e0920e2bc2bb5ca45e337dcab310325f28ab1e5661d6f876b8dc232103-susedata.xml' | grep x86_64 | wc (which gives 19000). the script http://inai.de/files/dist/countpkg-suse3 -r 'openSUSE_(Factory|Tumbleweed)', which inspects the project list from the openSUSE.org Build Service instance and discounts non-SUSE and home projects. Numbers for 13.2: 63438 bin, 32707 src; for 42.1: 43401 bin, 17428 src. This script seems to count all architectures, so the 63'000 suse number could then be compared to a 630'000 debian number - but debian does not support 10 times more software - so better only count the most popular architecture as for the other entries here.
Jump up ^ "Parabola GNU/Linux-libre - Package Search". Retrieved 14 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "EPEL". FedoraProject. 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "3383 packages and 430719 files in stable database (Sat 22 Oct 2016 04:04:55 PM UTC)". Pkgs.slitaz.org. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ SliTaz Contributors (2016-07-22). "Builder". Tiny SliTaz. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "All Trisquel Packages in "belenos"". Trisquel. Archived from the original on 2016-01-10. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
Jump up ^ "All Ubuntu Packages in "artful"". Canonical. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
Jump up ^ "Download gNewSense 4". Archived from the original on 2017-12-06. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "GNU Guix Reference Manual, 6.1.3: USB Stick and DVD Installation". Retrieved 2018-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Get Manjaro". Retrieved 2018-02-03.
Jump up ^ Pentoo Development Website Archived January 8, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Scientific Linux i386 Live CD/DVD". Archived from the original on 2012-09-20. Retrieved 2012-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Quickstart". Opensource.dyc.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Download Trisquel GNU/Linux". trisquel.info. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver)". ubuntu.com. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Edubuntu 14.04.3 LTS (Trusty Tahr)". ubuntu.com. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus)". ubuntu.com. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Xubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus)". Ubuntu.com. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-08-04. Retrieved 2015-07-01. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ "Mandatory Access Control with SELinux" (PDF). 3.linux-magazine.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
Jump up ^ "Release Notes". Docs.fedoraproject.org. Archived from the original on 2003-12-02. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Xtreme - ParabolaWiki". wiki.parabola.nu.
Jump up ^ "Novell Doc: Novell AppArmor Administration Guide - Novell AppArmor Administration Guide". Suse.com. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Security Features". Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
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Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the 2010 Indian film, see Twinkle Twinkle Little Star (film).
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"
Sheet music
Nursery rhyme
Published
1806
Lyricist(s)
Ann Taylor
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" is a popular English lullaby. The lyrics are from an early 19th-century English poem by Jane Taylor, "The Star". The poem, which is in couplet form, was first published in 1806 in Rhymes for the Nursery, a collection of poems by Taylor and her sister Ann. It is sung to the tune of the French melody Ah! vous dirai-je, maman, which was published in 1761 and later arranged by several composers including Mozart with Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman".[1] The English lyrics have five stanzas, although only the first is widely known. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7666. This song is usually performed in the key of C major.
The song is in the public domain,[2] and has many adaptations around the world.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Other text versions
3 See also
4 Notes
5 External links
Lyrics[edit]
The English lyrics were first written as a poem by Jane Taylor (1783–1824)[4] and published with the title "The Star" in Rhymes for the Nursery by Jane and her sister Ann Taylor (1782–1866) in London in 1806:[5]
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star (tune)
Tune for Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are!
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.

When the blazing sun is gone,
When he nothing shines upon,
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, through the night.

Then the traveller in the dark
Thanks you for your tiny spark;
He could not see where to go,
If you did not twinkle so.

In the dark blue sky you keep,
And often through my curtains peep,
For you never shut your eye
Till the sun is in the sky.

As your bright and tiny spark
Lights the traveller in the dark,
Though I know not what you are,
Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
The lyrics from "The Star" were first published with the tune in The Singing Master: First Class Tune Book in 1838.[4]
Other text versions[edit]
sheet music from Song Stories for the Kindergarten[6] Play (help·info)
Additional variations exist such as from 1896 in Song Stories for the Kindergarten[6] by Mildred J. Hill.
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How we wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.

When the glorious sun has set,
And the grass with dew is wet,
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.

When the golden sun doth rise,
Fills with shining light the skies,
Then you fade away from sight,
Shine no more 'till comes the night.
A parody of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" titled "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat" was recited by the Mad Hatter in chapter seven of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.[7]
An adaptation of the song, named "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Earth", was written by Charles Randolph Grean, Fred Hertz and Leonard Nimoy. It is included on Nimoy's first 1967 album Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music From Outer Space, with him reciting the text as Spock explaining how the star-people wish upon an earth and so forth.[8]
A version using synonyms from Roget's Thesaurus exists.[9]
The song can also be played as a singing game.
Play media
Woman performs "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" singing game.
See also[edit]
"Ah! vous dirai-je, maman"
Little Star (The Elegants song)
"Alphabet song"
"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep"
Twinkling
Are you sleeping
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "LISTSERV 15.5 - OPERA-L Archives". listserv.bccls.org.
Jump up ^ "Children's Public Domain Song List - PD Info". www.pdinfo.com.
Jump up ^ "Twinkle twinkle little rip-off: the dark secrets of the world's most recognisable tune".
^ Jump up to: a b M. Cryer, Love Me Tender: The Stories Behind the World's Best-loved Songs (Frances Lincoln, 2009), pp. 83–5.
Jump up ^ I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 397–8.
^ Jump up to: a b Mildred J. Hill (26 July 1896). "Song Stories for the Kindergarten" – via Internet Archive.
Jump up ^ Gardner, Martin (1998). The Annotated Alice. Random House. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-517-18920-7.
Jump up ^ "Twinkle twinkle little star".
Jump up ^ G. Hughes, A history of English words (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), p. 40.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
Wikiversity has learning resources about Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.
Lullabies of Europe/Languages from the Cradle Dead Link! A European Union, government-funded education project to collect lullabies (in their native language) from across Europe - includes samples in seven languages.
Audio segment from BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour,
[show]
v
t
e
Nursery rhymes (list)
"A-Tisket, A-Tasket"
"Aiken Drum"
"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep"
"Did You Ever See a Lassie?"
"Hey Diddle Diddle"
"Hickory Dickory Dock"
"Hot Cross Buns"
"Humpty Dumpty"
"I'm a Little Teapot"
"It's Raining, It's Pouring"
"Jack and Jill"
"Little Bo-Peep"
"Little Boy Blue"
"Little Jack Horner"
"Little Miss Muffet"
"Mary Had a Little Lamb"
"Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary"
"Old King Cole"
"Old MacDonald Had a Farm"
"Old Mother Hubbard"
"Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe"
"Peter Piper"
"Polly Put the Kettle On"
"Poor Mary"
"Pop Goes the Weasel"
"Pussy Cat Pussy Cat"
"Rain Rain Go Away"
"Roses Are Red"
"Rub-a-dub-dub"
"Simple Simon"
"Sticks and Stones"
"The Grand Old Duke of York"
"The Queen of Hearts"
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"
Clapping
"A Sailor Went to Sea"
"Down Down Baby"
"Mary Mack"
"Miss Susie"
"Miss Lucy"
"Pat-a-cake"
"Pretty Little Dutch Girl"
"Pease Porridge Hot"
Counting
"Duck, duck, goose"
"Eeny, meeny, miny, moe"
"One, Two, Buckle My Shoe"
"One, Two, Three, Four, Five"
"This Old Man"
"Tinker, Tailor"
Finger-
plays
"Five Little Monkeys"
"Five Little Ducks"
"Five Little Speckled Frogs"
"Itsy Bitsy Spider"
"Little Robin Redbreast"
"Round and Round the Garden"
"This Little Piggy"
"Two Little Dickie Birds"
Games
"London Bridge"
"The Muffin Man"
"Mulberry Bush"
"Oranges and Lemons"
"Ring a Ring o' Roses"
"The Farmer in the Dell"
Riddle
"As I was going to St Ives"
Lullabies
"Hush, Little Baby"
"Rock-a-bye Baby"
Rounds
"Ding Dong Bell"
"Frère Jacques"
"Kookaburra"
"Row, Row, Row Your Boat"
"Scotland's Burning"
"Three Blind Mice"
[show]
v
t
e
Willie Nelson singles discography
1950s
and
1960s
1957
"No Place For Me" / "Lumberjack"
1959
"Man With the Blues" / "The Storm Has Just Begun"
1960
"What a Way to Live" / "Misery Mansion"
"Nite Life" / "Rainy Day Blues"
1961
"The Part Where I Cry" / "Mr. Record Man"
1962
"Willingly" / "Chain of Love"
"Touch Me" / "Where My House Lives"
"Wake Me When It's Over" / "There's Gonna Be Love In My House"
"You Dream About Me" / "Is This My Destiny"
1963
"Half a Man" / "The Last Letter"
"Take My Word" / "Feed it a Memory"
1964
"How Long is Forever" / "You Took My Happy Away"
"Am I Blue" / "There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight"
"River Boy" / "Opportunity to Cry"
"I Never Cared For You" / "You Left Me (A Long Time Ago)"
"Pretty Paper" / "What A Merry Christmas This Could Be"
1965
"She's Not For You" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Healing Hands of Time" / "One Day at the Time"
"I Just Can't Let You Say Goodbye" / "And So Will You, My Love"
1966
"One In A Row" / "San Antonio Rose"
"Colombus Stockade Blues" / "He Sits at my Table"
"I'm Still Not Over You"/ "I Love You Because"
1967
"The Party's Over" / "Make Way for a Better Man"
"Blackjack County Chain" / "Some Other World"
"San Antonio" / "To Make a Long Story Short"
1968
"Little Things" / " Sweet Memories"
"Good Times" / "Where Do You Stand"
"Johnny One Time" / "She's Still Gone"
1969
"Bring Me Sunshine" / "Don't Say Love or Nothing"
"I Hope So" / "Right or Wrong"
1970s
1970
"Once More With Feeling" / "Who Do I Know in Dallas"
"Laying My Burdens Down" / "Truth Number One"
1971
"I'm a Memory" / "Fire and Rain"
"Yesterday's Wine" / "Me and Paul"
1972
"Words Don't Fit the Picture" / "A Moment"
1973
"Shotgun Willie" (mono) / "Sad Songs and Waltzes"
"Stay All Night (Stay a Little Longer)" / "Devil in a Sleepin' Bag"
1974
"I Still Can't Believe You're Gone" / "Heaven and Hell"
"Bloody Mary Morning" / "After the Fire is Gone"(with Tracy Nelson)
"Sister's Comin' Home" (mono) / "Pick Up The Tempo"
1975
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" / "Bandera"
1976
"Remember Me (When the Candle Lights Are Gleaming)" / "Time of the Preacher"
"I'd Have to Be Crazy" (mono) / "Amazing Grace"
"If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time" / "The Sound in Your Mind"
1977
"Uncloudy Day" / "Precious Memories"
"I Love You A Thousand Ways" / "Mom and Dad's Waltz"
1978
"Georgia on My Mind" / "On The Sunny Side Of The Street"
"Blue Skies" / "Moonlight in Vermont"
"All of Me" / "Unchained Melody"
1979
"Whiskey River" / "Under the Double Eagle"
"September Song" / "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"White Christmas" / "Blue Christmas"
1980s
1980
"Help Me Make It Through the Night" / "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33"
"My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" / "Rising Stars"
"Midnight Rider" / "So You Think You're A Cowboy"
"On the Road Again"/ "Jumpin' Cotton Eyed Joe"(performed by Johnny Gimble)
1981
"Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground" / "I Guess I've Come to Live Here in Your Eyes"
"Mona Lisa" / "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" / "Over the Rainbow"
"Heartaches of a Fool" / "Uncloudy Day"
1982
"Always on My Mind" / "The Party's Over"
"Let It Be Me" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning" / "Old Fords and a Natural Stone"
1983
"Little Old Fashioned Karma" / "Beer Barrel Polka"
"Why Do I Have to Choose" / "Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)"
"Take It to the Limit" / "Till I Gain Control Again"
"Without a Song"
1984
"City of New Orleans (Unedited version)" / "Why Are You Pickin' On Me"
1985
"Forgiving You Was Easy" / "You Wouldn't Cross the Street"
"Me and Paul" / "I Let My Mind Wander"
1986
"Living in the Promiseland" / "Bach Minuet in G"
"I'm Not Trying to Forget You" / "I've Got the Craziest Feeling"
1987
"Partners After All" / "Home Away From Home"
"Heart of Gold" / "So Much Like My Dad"
"Island in the Sea" / "There Is No Easy Way"
1988
"Nobody There But Me" / "Wake Me When It's Over"
"Spanish Eyes" (with Julio Iglesias) / "Ole Buttermilk Sky"
"Twilight Time" / "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"
1989
"Nothing I Can Do About It Now" / "If I Were a Painting"
"There You Are" / "Spirit"
"Is The Better Part Over" / "Mr. Record Man"
1990s
1990
"The Highway" / "Spirit"
"Ain't Necessarily So" / "I Never Cared For You" ("Ain't Necessarily So" also on CD Single)
1991
"The Piper Came Today" / "(I Don't Have a Reason) To Go To California Anymore" ("The Piper Came Today" also on CD Single)
"Ten With a Two" / "You Decide"
1993
"Graceland"
"Still is Still Moving to Me" / "Valentine"
1995
"Turn Me Loose and Let Me Swing"
1998
"I Never Cared for You"
2000s
and
2010s
2002
"Mendocino County Line" (with Lee Ann Womack) / "Maria (Shut Up and Kiss Me)" (Both single tracks released on CD and 7" record)
2003
"Wurlitzer Prize" (with Norah Jones)
"Beer for My Horses" (with Toby Keith)
2005
"I'm a Worried Man" (with Toots Hibbert)
"The Harder They Come"
2006
"You Don't Know Me"
"Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other"
2008
"Gravedigger"
"You Don't Think I'm Funny Anymore"
2011
"The Scientist"
2012
"Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die"
"Just Breathe"
"Come On Back Jesus"
2013
"From Here to the Moon and Back" (with Dolly Parton)
"Grandma's Hands" (with Mavis Staples)
"It Won't Be Long" (with The Secret Sisters)
"Somewhere Between" (with Loretta Lynn)
2014
"The Wall"
"Bring It On"
"Laws of Nature"
"Who'll Buy My Memories"
"Summer of Roses" / "December Day"
2015
"It's All Going to Pot"
"Alice in Hulaland"
2016
"Lay Me Down"
2017
"Still Not Dead"
2018
"Last Man Standing"
Book:Willie Nelson
Category:Willie Nelson
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interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star – Portuguese

values: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star – Romanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: "ட்விங்கிள், ட்விங்கிள், லிட்டில் ஸ்டார்" – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: ట్వింకిల్ ట్వింకిల్ లిటిల్ స్టార్ – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star – Cantonese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: 一閃一閃小星星 – Chinese

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