text:
MAC address
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about a type of network address. For the Apple computers, see Macintosh. For other similar terms, see Mac.
Label of a UMTS router with MAC addresses for LAN and WLAN modules
A media access control address (MAC address) of a computer is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment. MAC addresses are used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Logically, MAC addresses are used in the media access control protocol sublayer of the OSI reference model.
MAC addresses are most often assigned by the manufacturer of a network interface controller (NIC) and are stored in its hardware, such as the card's read-only memory or some other firmware mechanism. If assigned by the manufacturer, a MAC address usually encodes the manufacturer's registered identification number and may be referred to as the burned-in address (BIA). It may also be known as an Ethernet hardware address (EHA), hardware address or physical address (not to be confused with a memory physical address). This can be contrasted to a programmed address, where the host device issues commands to the NIC to use an arbitrary address.
A network node may have multiple NICs and each NIC must have a unique MAC address. Sophisticated network equipment such as a multilayer switch or router may require one or more permanently assigned MAC addresses.
MAC addresses are formed according to the rules of one of three numbering name spaces managed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): MAC-48, EUI-48, and EUI-64. The IEEE claims trademarks on the names EUI-48[1] and EUI-64,[2] in which EUI is an abbreviation for Extended Unique Identifier.
Contents
[hide]
1 Address details
1.1 Universal vs. local
1.2 Unicast vs. multicast
2 Applications
3 Usage in hosts
4 Spying
5 Notational conventions
5.1 Bit-reversed notation
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Address details[edit]
The original IEEE 802 MAC address comes from the original Xerox Ethernet addressing scheme.[3] This 48-bit address space contains potentially 248 or 281,474,976,710,656 possible MAC addresses.
The distinction between EUI-48 and MAC-48 identifiers is purely nominal: MAC-48 is used for network hardware; EUI-48 is used to identify other devices and software. (Thus, by definition, an EUI-48 is not in fact a "MAC address", although it is syntactically indistinguishable from one and assigned from the same numbering space.)
The IEEE now considers the label MAC-48 to be an obsolete term, previously used to refer to a specific type of EUI-48 identifier used to address hardware interfaces within existing 802-based networking applications, and thus not to be used in the future. Instead, the proprietary term EUI-48 should be used for this purpose.
In addition, the EUI-64 numbering system encompasses both MAC-48 and EUI-48 identifiers by a simple translation mechanism.[2] To convert a MAC-48 into an EUI-64, copy the OUI, append the two octets FF-FF and then copy the organization-specified extension identifier. To convert an EUI-48 into an EUI-64, the same process is used, but the sequence inserted is FF-FE. In both cases, the process can be trivially reversed when necessary. Organizations issuing EUI-64s are cautioned against issuing identifiers that could be confused with these forms. The IEEE has a target lifetime of 100 years for applications using MAC-48 space, but encourages adoption of EUI-64s instead.[4]
IPv6 — one of the most prominent standards that uses a Modified EUI-64 — treats MAC-48 as EUI-48 instead (as it is chosen from the same address pool) and toggles the U/L bit (as this makes it easier to type locally assigned IPv6 addresses based on the Modified EUI-64). This results in extending MAC addresses (such as IEEE 802 MAC address) to Modified EUI-64 using only FF-FE (and never FF-FF) and with the U/L bit inverted.[5]
An Individual Address Block (IAB) was a 24-bit OUI managed by the IEEE Registration Authority, followed by 12 IEEE-provided bits (identifying the organization), and 12 bits for the owner to assign to individual devices. An IAB is ideal for organizations requiring fewer than 4097 unique 48-bit numbers (EUI-48). IAB's have been replaced with 12-bit "MA-S" address blocks.[6]
Universal vs. local[edit]
Addresses can either be universally administered addresses (UAA) or locally administered addresses (LAA). A universally administered address is uniquely assigned to a device by its manufacturer. The first three octets (in transmission order) identify the organization that issued the identifier and are known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI).[4] The remainder of the address (three octets for MAC-48 and EUI-48 or five for EUI-64) are assigned by that organization in nearly any manner they please, subject to the constraint of uniqueness. A locally administered address is assigned to a device by a network administrator, overriding the burned-in address.
Universally administered and locally administered addresses are distinguished by setting the second-least-significant bit of the first octet of the address. This bit is also referred to as the U/L bit, short for Universal/Local, which identifies how the address is administered. If the bit is 0, the address is universally administered. If it is 1, the address is locally administered. In the example address 06-00-00-00-00-00 the first octet is 06 (hex), the binary form of which is 00000110, where the second-least-significant bit is 1. Therefore, it is a locally administered address.[7] Consequently, this bit is 0 in all OUIs.
Unicast vs. multicast[edit]
If the least significant bit of the first octet of an address is set to 0 (zero), the frame is meant to reach only one receiving NIC.[8] This type of transmission is called unicast. A unicast frame is transmitted to all nodes within the collision domain. In a modern wired setting the collision domain usually is the length of the Ethernet cable between two network cards. In a wireless setting, the collision domain is as far as the radio transmitter can reach. A switch will forward a unicast frame through all of its ports (except for the port that originated the frame) if the switch has no knowledge of which port leads to that MAC address, or just to the proper port if it does have knowledge.[9][10][not in citation given] Only the node with the matching hardware MAC address will accept the frame; network frames with non-matching MAC-addresses are ignored, unless the device is in promiscuous mode.
If the least significant bit of the first octet is set to 1, the frame will still be sent only once; however, NICs will choose to accept it based on criteria other than the matching of a MAC address: for example, based on a configurable list of accepted multicast MAC addresses. This is called multicast addressing.
The IEEE has built in several special address types to allow more than one network interface card to be addressed at one time:
Packets sent to the broadcast address, all one bits, are received by all stations on a local area network. In hexadecimal the broadcast address would be FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. A broadcast frame is flooded and is forwarded to and accepted by all other nodes.
Packets sent to a multicast address are received by all stations on a LAN that have been configured to receive packets sent to that address.
Functional addresses identify one or more Token Ring NICs that provide a particular service, defined in IEEE 802.5.
These are all examples of group addresses, as opposed to individual addresses; the least significant bit of the first octet of a MAC address distinguishes individual addresses from group addresses. That bit is set to 0 in individual addresses and set to 1 in group addresses. Group addresses, like individual addresses, can be universally administered or locally administered.
Applications[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The following network technologies use the MAC-48 identifier format:
Ethernet
802.11 wireless networks
Bluetooth
IEEE 802.5 token ring
most other IEEE 802 networks
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), switched virtual connections only, as part of an NSAP address
Fibre Channel and Serial Attached SCSI (as part of a World Wide Name)
The ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 gigabit/s) local area network using existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables). The G.hn Application Protocol Convergence (APC) layer accepts Ethernet frames that use the MAC-48 format and encapsulates them into G.hn Medium Access Control Service Data Units (MSDUs).
Every device that connects to an IEEE 802 network (such as Ethernet and WiFi) has a MAC-48 address. Common networked consumer devices such as PCs, smartphones and tablet computers use MAC-48 addresses.
EUI-64 identifiers are used in:
IEEE 1394 (FireWire)
IPv6 (Modified EUI-64 as the least-significant 64 bits of a unicast network address or link-local address when stateless autoconfiguration is used)
ZigBee / 802.15.4 / 6LoWPAN wireless personal-area networks
Usage in hosts[edit]
On broadcast networks, such as Ethernet, the MAC address is expected to uniquely identify each node on that segment and allows frames to be marked for specific hosts. It thus forms the basis of most of the link layer (OSI Layer 2) networking upon which upper layer protocols rely to produce complex, functioning networks.
Although intended to be a permanent and globally unique identification, it is possible to change the MAC address on most modern hardware. Changing MAC addresses is necessary in network virtualization. It can also be used in the process of exploiting security vulnerabilities. This is called MAC spoofing.
In IP networks, the MAC address of an interface can be queried given the IP address using the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for IPv6. In this way, ARP or NDP is used to relate IP addresses (OSI layer 3) to Ethernet MAC addresses (OSI layer 2).
Spying[edit]
According to Edward Snowden, the National Security Agency has a system that tracks the movements of everyone in a city by monitoring the MAC addresses of their electronic devices.[11] As a result of users being trackable by their devices' MAC addresses, Apple has started using random MAC addresses in their iOS line of devices while scanning for networks.[12] If random MAC addresses are not used, researchers have confirmed that it is possible to link a real identity to a particular wireless MAC address.[13]
Many network interfaces (including wireless ones) support changing their MAC address. The configuration is specific to the operating system. On most Unix-like systems, the ifconfig command may be used to add and remove "link" (Ethernet MAC family) address aliases. For instance, the "active" ifconfig directive may then be used on NetBSD to specify which of the attached addresses to activate.[14] Hence, various configuration scripts and utilities allow to randomize the MAC address at boot or network connection time.
Using wireless access points in SSID-hidden mode (see network cloaking), a mobile wireless device may not only disclose its own MAC address when traveling, but even the MAC addresses associated to SSIDs the device has already connected to, if they are configured to send these as part of probe request packets. Alternative modes to prevent this include configuring access points to be either in beacon-broadcasting mode, or probe-response with SSID mode. In these modes, probe requests may be unnecessary, or sent in broadcast mode without disclosing the identity of previously-known networks.[15]
Notational conventions[edit]
The standard (IEEE 802) format for printing MAC-48 addresses in human-friendly form is six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens (-) in transmission order (e.g. 01-23-45-67-89-ab). This form is also commonly used for EUI-64 (e.g. 01-23-45-67-89-ab-cd-ef).[16] Other conventions include six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons (:) (e.g. 01:23:45:67:89:ab), and three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots (.) (e.g. 0123.4567.89ab); again in transmission order.[17]
Bit-reversed notation[edit]
The standard notation, also called canonical format, for MAC addresses is written in transmission bit order with the least significant bit transmitted first, as seen in the output of the ifconfig, iproute2, and ipconfig commands, for example.
However, since IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.4 (Token Bus) send the bytes (octets) over the wire, left-to-right, with least significant bit in each byte first, while IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) and IEEE 802.6 send the bytes over the wire with the most significant bit first, confusion may arise when an address in the latter scenario is represented with bits reversed from the canonical representation. For example, an address in canonical form 12-34-56-78-9A-BC would be transmitted over the wire as bits 01001000 00101100 01101010 00011110 01011001 00111101 in the standard transmission order (least significant bit first). But for Token Ring networks, it would be transmitted as bits 00010010 00110100 01010110 01111000 10011010 10111100 in most-significant-bit first order. The latter might be incorrectly displayed as 48-2C-6A-1E-59-3D. This is referred to as bit-reversed order, non-canonical form, MSB format, IBM format, or Token Ring format, as explained in RFC 2469.
See also[edit]
Hot Standby Router Protocol
IPv6
LAN switching
Organizationally Unique Identifier
Network management
NSAP address, another endpoint addressing scheme
Sleep Proxy Service, which may spoof another device's MAC address during certain periods
Transparent bridging
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Guidelines for 48-Bit Global Identifier (EUI-48)" (PDF). IEEE Standards Association. IEEE. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Guidelines for 64-Bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)" (PDF). IEEE Standards Association. IEEE. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
Jump up ^ IEEE Std 802-2001 (PDF). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). 2002-02-07. p. 19. ISBN 0-7381-2941-0. Retrieved 2011-09-08. The universal administration of LAN MAC addresses began with the Xerox Corporation administering Block Identifiers (Block IDs) for Ethernet addresses.
^ Jump up to: a b "Guidelines for use of the 24-bit Organizationally Unique Identifiers (OUI)" (PDF). IEEE-SA. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
Jump up ^ "IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters". IETF. September 2008. RFC 5342  . Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ IEEE-RA. "What is an Individual Address Block?". Retrieved 2016-06-16.
Jump up ^ "Standard Group MAC Addresses: A Tutorial Guide" (PDF). IEEE-SA. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
Jump up ^ "Guidelines for Fibre Channel Use of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)" (PDF). IEEE-SA. Retrieved 2011-09-08.
Jump up ^ "Overview of Layer 2 Switched Networks and Communication | Getting Started with LANs | Cisco Support Community | 5896 | 68421". supportforums.cisco.com. Retrieved 2016-05-17.
Jump up ^ MAC Table
Jump up ^ Bamford, James. "The Most Wanted Man in the World". Wired. p. 4. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
Jump up ^ Mamiit, Aaron (2014-06-12). "Apple Implements Random MAC Address on iOS 8. Goodbye, Marketers". Tech Times. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
Jump up ^ Cunche, Mathieu. "I know your MAC Address: Targeted tracking of individual using Wi-Fi" (PDF). 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "ifconfig(8) manual page". Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hidden network no beacons". security.stackexchange.com. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Guidelines for Use of EUI, OUI, and CID" (PDF). IEEE. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
Jump up ^ "Agentless Host Configuration Scenario". Configuration Guide for Cisco Secure ACS 4.2. Cisco. February 2008. Retrieved 2015-09-19. You can enter the MAC address in the following formats for representing MAC-48 addresses in human-readable form: six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens (-) in transmission order,[...]six groups of two separated by colons (:),[...]three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots (.)...
External links[edit]
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Changing Your MAC Address
IEEE Registration Authority Tutorials
IEEE Public OUI and Company_id Assignment lookup
IEEE Public IAB list
IEEE Public OUI list
IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters
IANA list of Ethernet Numbers
Wireshark's MAC address list
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MAC_address&oldid=800417882"
Categories:
Media access control
Network addressing
Unique identifiers
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from December 2013
Articles that may contain original research from January 2017
All articles that may contain original research
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Magyar
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Piemontèis
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
ייִדיש
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 13 September 2017, at 12:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Mac_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Mac (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: class style

value: b

values:
/wiki/Media_access_control
mw-redirect
Media access control

values:
/wiki/Network_node
mw-redirect
Network node

values:
/wiki/Network_equipment
mw-redirect
Network equipment

values:
/wiki/Individual_Address_Block
mw-redirect
Individual Address Block

values:
/wiki/Network_card
mw-redirect
Network card

values: The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (December 2013)

values:
/wiki/Network_Interface_Card
mw-redirect
Network Interface Card

values:
/wiki/IBM_token_ring
mw-redirect
IBM token ring

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

values:
/wiki/Power_line_communication
mw-redirect
Power line communication

values:
/wiki/Medium_Access_Control
mw-redirect
Medium Access Control

values:
/wiki/Request_for_Comments_(identifier)
mw-redirect
Request for Comments (identifier)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2469

values:
/wiki/Sleep_Proxy_Service
mw-redirect
Sleep Proxy Service

values:
/wiki/Transparent_bridging
mw-redirect
Transparent bridging

values:
nofollow
external text
//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5342

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5342

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Category:All articles with failed verification

values: Category:Articles with failed verification from December 2013

values: Category:Articles that may contain original research from January 2017

values: Category:All articles that may contain original research

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/MAC_address
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: العنوان ماك – Arabic

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enneg_MAC
Enneg MAC – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values: Διεύθυνση MAC – Greek

values: آدرس مک – Persian

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC-adres
MAC-adres – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC
MAC – Piedmontese
pms
pms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adres_MAC
Adres MAC – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-MAC_address rootpage-MAC_address skin-vector action-view


text:
Director's cut
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Director's cut (disambiguation).
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (February 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (January 2012)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A director's cut is an edited version of a film (or television episode, music video, commercial, or video game) that is supposed to represent the director's own approved edit. 'Cut' explicitly refers to the process of film editing; in preparing a film for release, the director's cut is preceded by the assembly and rough editor's cut and usually followed by the final cut meant for the public film release.
Director's cuts of film are not generally released to the public, because on most films the director does not have a final cut privilege. The production company, distributors, and/or studio (anybody with money invested in the film) can impose changes that they think will make the film profit more at the box office. This sometimes means a happier ending or less ambiguity, or excluding scenes that would earn a more audience-restricting rating, but more often means that the film is simply shortened to provide more screenings per day.
With the rise of home video, the phrase became more generically used as a marketing term (including things such as comic books and music albums, neither of which actually have directors), and the most commonly seen form of director's cut is a cut where extra scenes and characters are added in, often making the director's cut considerably longer than the final cut.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin of the phrase
2 Inception
3 Criticism
4 Extended cuts and special editions
5 Music video director's cut
6 Expanded usage in pop culture
6.1 Video games
6.2 Music "director's cuts"
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Origin of the phrase[edit]
Traditionally, the "director's cut" is not, by definition, the director's ideal or preferred cut. The editing process of a film is broken into stages: First is the assembly/rough cut, where all selected takes are put together in the order in which they should appear in the film. Next, the editor's cut is reduced from the rough cut; the editor may be guided by his own tastes or following notes from the director or producers. Eventually is the final cut, which actually gets released or broadcast. In between the editor's cut and the final cut can come any number of fine cuts, including the director's cut. The director's cut may include unsatisfactory takes, a preliminary soundtrack, a lack of desired pick-up shots etc., which the director would not like to be shown but uses as a placeholder until satisfactory replacements can be inserted. This is still how the term is used within the film industry, as well as commercials, television, and music videos.
Inception[edit]
The trend of releasing alternate cuts of films for artistic reasons became prominent in the 1970s; in 1974, the "director's cut" of The Wild Bunch was shown theatrically in Los Angeles to sold-out audiences.[1] The theatrical release of the film had cut ten minutes to get an R-rating, but this cut was hailed as superior and has now become the definitive one. Other early examples include George Lucas's first two films being re-released following the success of Star Wars, in cuts which more closely resembled his vision, or Peter Bogdanovich re-cutting The Last Picture Show several times. Charlie Chaplin also re-released all of his films in the 1970s, several of which were re-cut (Chaplin's re-release of The Gold Rush in the 1940s is almost certainly the earliest prominent example of a director's re-cut film being released to the public). A theatrical re-release of Close Encounters of the Third Kind used the phrase "Special Edition" to describe a cut which was closer to Spielberg's intent but had a compromised ending demanded by the studio. As the home video industry rose in the early 1980s, video releases of director's cuts were sometimes created for the small but dedicated cult fan market. Los Angeles cable station Z Channel is also cited as significant in the popularization of alternate cuts. Early examples of films released in this manner include Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate, where a longer cut was recalled from theaters but subsequently shown on cable and eventually released to home video; James Cameron's Aliens, where a video release restored 20 minutes the studio had insisted on cutting; James Cameron's The Abyss, where Cameron voluntarily made cuts to the theatrical version for pacing but restored them for a video release; Shim Hyung-rae's Yonggary, where Shim made cuts to the theatrical version for how close to the American Godzilla it was and added in aliens and another monster, Cyker. That version was released stateside as Reptilian and, most famously, Ridley Scott's Blade Runner, where an alternate workprint version was released to fan acclaim, ultimately resulting in the 1992 recut, the first film to use the term "Director's Cut" as a marketing description (and the first time it was used to describe a cut that the director was not involved in preparing).
Criticism[edit]
Once distributors discovered that consumers would buy alternate versions of films, it became common for films to receive multiple releases. There is no standardization for labelling, leading to so-called "director's cuts" of films despite where the director prefers the theatrically released version, or when the director had actual final cut privilege. These were often assembled by simply restoring deleted scenes, sometimes adding as much as a half-hour to the length of the film without regard to pacing and storytelling.
As a result, the "director's cut" is often considered a mixed bag, with an equal share of supporters and detractors. Roger Ebert approved of the use of the label in unsuccessful films that had been tampered with by studio executives, such as Sergio Leone's original cut of Once Upon a Time in America,[2] and the moderately successful theatrical version of Daredevil,[citation needed] which were altered by studio interference for their theatrical release. Other well-received director's cuts include Ridley Scott's Kingdom of Heaven (with Empire magazine stating: "The added 45 minutes in the Director’s Cut are like pieces missing from a beautiful but incomplete puzzle"[3]), or Sam Peckinpah's Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, where the restored 115 minute cut is closer to the director's intent than the theatrical 105 minute cut (the actual director's cut was 122 minutes; it was never completed to Peckinpah's satisfaction, but was used as a guide for the restoration that was done after his death).
However, Ebert considers adding such material to a successful film a waste.[citation needed] Even Ridley Scott stated on the director's commentary track of Alien that the original theatrical release was his director's cut, and that the new version was released as a marketing ploy.[4] Director Peter Bogdanovich, no stranger to director's cuts himself, cites Red River as an example where "MGM have a version of Howard Hawks's Red River that they're calling the Director's Cut and it is absolutely not the director's cut. It's a cut the director didn't want, an earlier cut that was junked. They assume because it was longer that it's a director's cut. Capra cut two reels off Lost Horizon because it didn't work and then someone tried to put it back. There are certainly mistakes and stupidities in reconstructing pictures." [5]
In rare instances, such as Peter Weir's Picnic at Hanging Rock, John Cassavetes's The Killing of a Chinese Bookie, and Blake Edwards's Darling Lili, changes made to a director's cut result in a shorter, more compact cut. This generally happens when a distributor insists that a film be completed in order to meet a release date, but sometimes it is the result of removing scenes that the distributor insisted on inserting, as opposed to restoring scenes they insisted on cutting.
Another way that released director's cuts can be compromised is when directors were never allowed to even shoot their vision, and thus when the film is re-cut, they must make do with the footage that exists. Examples of this include Terry Zwigoff's Bad Santa, Brian Helgeland's Payback, and most notably the Richard Donner re-cut of Superman II. Donner completed about 60% of the shooting of the sequel during the shooting of the first one but was fired from the project. His director's cut of the film includes, among other things, screen test footage of stars Christopher Reeve and Margot Kidder, footage used in the first film, and entire scenes that were shot by replacement director Richard Lester which Donner dislikes but were required for story purposes.
Extended cuts and special editions[edit]
Some directors explicitly dislike the phrase "director's cut" because it implies that they disapprove of the theatrically released cut. James Cameron and Peter Jackson are two directors who publicly reject the label, preferring "extended edition" or "special edition". While Jackson considers the theatrical releases of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies to be a final "director's cut" within the constraints of theatrical exhibition, the extended cuts were produced so that fans of the material could see nearly all of the scenes shot for the script to develop more of J. R. R. Tolkien's world, but which were originally cut for running time, or other reasons. New music and special effects were also added to the cuts. Cameron specified "what I put into theaters is the Director's cut. Nothing was cut that I didn't want cut. All the extra scenes we've added back in are just a bonus for the fans." (Though referring specifically to Avatar, he has expressed similar feelings on all of his films besides Piranha II: The Spawning.)
Special editions such as George Lucas's Star Wars films, and Steven Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, in which special effects are redone in addition to a new edit, have also caused controversy. (See List of changes in Star Wars re-releases and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary).
Extended or special editions can also apply to films that have been extended for television to fill time slots, against the explicit wishes of the director, such as the TV versions of Dune (1984), The Warriors (1979) and the Harry Potter films.
The film Caligula exists in at least 10 different officially released versions, ranging from a sub-90 minute television edit version of TV-14 (later TVMA) for cable television to an unrated full pornographic version exceeding 3.5 hours. This is believed to be the most distinct versions of a single film. Among major studio films, the record is believed to be held by Blade Runner; the magazine Video Watchdog counted no less than seven distinct versions in a 1993 issue, before director Ridley Scott later released a "Final Cut" in 2007, bringing the supposed grand total to eight differing versions.
Music video director's cut[edit]
The music video for the 2006 Academy Award-nominated song "Listen", performed by Beyoncé, received a director's cut by Diane Martel. This version of the video was later included on Knowles' B'Day Anthology Video Album (2007). Linkin Park has a director's cut version for their music video "Faint" (directed by Mark Romanek) in which one of the band members spray paints the words "En Proceso" on a wall, as well as Hoobastank also having one for 2004's "The Reason" which omits the woman getting hit by the car. Britney Spears' music video for 2007's "Gimme More" was first released as a director's cut on iTunes, with the official video released 3 days later. Many other director's cut music videos contain sexual content that can't be shown on TV thus creating alternative scenes, such as Thirty Seconds to Mars's "Hurricane", and in some cases, alternative videos, such as in the case of Spears' 2008 video for "Womanizer".
Expanded usage in pop culture[edit]
As the trend became more widely recognized, the term "director's cut" became increasingly used as a colloquialism to refer to an expanded version of other things, including video games, music, and comic books. This confusing usage only served to further reduce the artistic value of a "director's cut", and it is currently rarely used in those ways.
Video games[edit]
For video games, these expanded versions, also referred as "complete editions", will have additions to the gameplay or additional game modes and features outside the main portion of the game.
As is the case with certain high-profile Japanese-produced games, the game designers may take the liberty to revise their product for the overseas market with additional features during the localization process. These features are later added back to the native market in a re-release of a game in what is often referred as the international version of the game. This was the case with the overseas versions of Final Fantasy VII, Metal Gear Solid and Rogue Galaxy, which contained additional features (such as new difficulty settings for Metal Gear Solid), resulting in re-released versions of those respective games in Japan (Final Fantasy VII International, Metal Gear Solid: Integral and Rogue Galaxy: Director's Cut). In the case of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty and Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the American versions were released first, followed by the Japanese versions and then the European versions, with each regional release offering new content not found in the previous one. All of the added content from the Japanese and European versions of those games were included in the expanded editions titled Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance and Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence.
They also, similar to movies, will occasionally include extra, uncensored or alternate versions of cutscenes, as was the case with Resident Evil: Code Veronica X. In markets with strict censorship, a later relaxing of those laws occasional will result in the game being rereleased with the "Special/Uncut Edition" tag added to differentiate between the originally released censored version and the current uncensored edition.
Several of the Pokémon games have also received director's cuts and have used the term "extension," though "remake" and "third version" are also often used by many fans. These include Pocket Monsters: Blue (Japan only), Pokémon Yellow (for Pokémon Red and Green/Blue), Pokémon Crystal (for Pokémon Gold and Silver), Pokémon Emerald (for Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire), and Pokémon Platinum (for Pokémon Diamond and Pearl).
Music "director's cuts"[edit]
"Director's cuts" in music are rarely released. A few exceptions include Guided by Voices' 1994 album Bee Thousand, which was re-released as a three disc vinyl LP Director's cut in 2004, and Fall Out Boy's 2003 album Take This to Your Grave, which was re-released as a Director's cut in 2005 with two extra tracks.
In 2011 British singer Kate Bush released the album titled Director's Cut. It is made up of songs from her earlier albums The Sensual World and The Red Shoes which have been remixed and restructured, three of which were re-recorded completely.
See also[edit]
Film modification
Final cut privilege
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jones, Ellen. "Is a 'director's cut' ever a good idea?". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (1 January 1984). "Once Upon a Time in America". RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Directors Cuts, the Good, the Bad, and the Unnecessary". Empire. 10 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Lambie, Ryan. "The changing face of the director's cut".
Jump up ^ Jones, Ellen. "Is a 'director's cut' ever a good idea?".
External links[edit]
"Director's Cuts: Do They Make the Cut?" Article from Frontier magazine.
Movie-Censorship.com More than 1000 comparisons of different versions of films.
"Do Filmgoers Dream of Director's Cuts?" SciFi.com article detailing the cuts of Blade Runner.
If Movie Seems Too Long, Blame It On The Director
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Director%27s_cut&oldid=810582241"
Categories:
Film and video terminology
Film production
Hidden categories:
Articles that may contain original research from February 2008
All articles that may contain original research
Articles with too many examples
Articles needing additional references from May 2016
All articles needing additional references
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2007
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
日本語
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 16 November 2017, at 04:39.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Director%27s_cut_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Director's cut (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

value: span

attrs: class role tabindex

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

attrs: class href

attrs: href title

value: i

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

values:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content
presentation

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values:
/wiki/Television_program
mw-redirect
Television program

values:
/wiki/Television_advertisement
mw-redirect
Television advertisement

values:
/wiki/Film_release
mw-redirect
Film release

values:
/wiki/Motion_picture_rating_system
mw-redirect
Motion picture rating system

values:
/wiki/Final_cut_(film_editing)
mw-redirect
Final cut (film editing)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)

values: Edit section: Extended cuts and special editions

values:
/wiki/Harry_Potter_(films)
mw-redirect
Harry Potter (films)

values: Edit section: Music video director's cut

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award
mw-redirect
Academy Award

values: Edit section: Expanded usage in pop culture

values:
/wiki/Software_localization
mw-redirect
Software localization

values: International version (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Resident_Evil:_Code_Veronica_X
mw-redirect
Resident Evil: Code Veronica X

values:
/wiki/Pocket_Monsters:_Blue
mw-redirect
Pocket Monsters: Blue

values:
/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Crystal
mw-redirect
Pokémon Crystal

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mediacircus.net/dc.html

values:
nofollow
http://www.movie-censorship.com/
external text

values: Category:Articles that may contain original research from February 2008

values: Category:All articles that may contain original research

values: Category:Articles with too many examples

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2007

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Director%27s_cut
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: نسخة المخرج – Arabic

values: גרסת במאי – Hebrew

values: ディレクターズ・カット – Japanese

values: இயக்குநரின் வெட்டு – Tamil

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Director_s_cut rootpage-Director_s_cut skin-vector action-view


text:
Stand by Me (Oasis song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Stand by Me"
Single by Oasis
from the album Be Here Now
B-side
"(I Got) The Fever"
"My Sister Lover"
"Going Nowhere"
Released
22 September 1997
Format
CD single, 7" vinyl, 12" vinyl, cassette
Recorded
1997
Genre
Britpop
Length
5:56 (Album version)
4:51 (French radio edit)
Label
Creation
Songwriter(s)
Noel Gallagher
Producer(s)
Owen Morris, Noel Gallagher
Oasis singles chronology
"D'You Know What I Mean?"
(1997) "Stand by Me"
(1997) "All Around the World"
(1998)
"D'You Know What I Mean?"
(1997) "Stand by Me"
(1997) "All Around the World"
(1998)
Be Here Now track listing
12 tracks [show]
"D'You Know What I Mean?"
"My Big Mouth"
"Magic Pie"
"Stand by Me"
"I Hope, I Think, I Know"
"The Girl in the Dirty Shirt"
"Fade In-Out"
"Don't Go Away"
"Be Here Now"
"All Around the World"
"It's Gettin' Better (Man!!)"
"All Around the World (Reprise)"
"Stand by Me" is a song by the English rock band Oasis, written by lead guitarist, Noel Gallagher. It was the second single to be released from the band's third album, Be Here Now.
The song peaked at number two in the UK charts in September 1997, being kept from the top spot by the record-breaking Elton John single "Candle in the Wind 1997", which was re-recorded and released in memory of Diana, Princess of Wales, who had died three weeks before the release of "Stand by Me". Despite this, "Stand by Me" still went gold in the UK. It ended up at #44 in the end of year charts in the UK for 1997.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Live performances
3 Video
4 Track listing
5 Personnel
6 References
History[edit]
Noel Gallagher claims to have written the song whilst suffering from food poisoning when he first moved to London. His mother Peggy would phone him to check on him and repeatedly told him to ensure he was eating properly. This spurred Gallagher to cook himself a proper English Sunday dinner, which resulted in a bout of food poisoning. In a 1997 interview promoting Be Here Now, Noel Gallagher had the following to say: "It starts, 'Made a meal and threw it up on Sunday'. When I first moved to London me mam kept on ringing up and asking was I eating properly. Yes, Mam. So I tried to cook a Sunday roast and puked up for two days with food poisoning. It was back to Pot Noodles after that."[1]
The title for the song likely comes from the song "Stand by Me", which was covered by the Gallaghers' idol John Lennon. In a characteristic example of Noel Gallagher lifting elements from songs of which he is fond, the rousing sequence of chord changes between the repeated chorus lyrics 'Stand by me/Nobody knows the way it's gonna be' bears a remarkable similarity to a similar chord sequence in David Bowie's "All the Young Dudes", acknowledged by Gallagher: "It's a bit like "Live Forever", I suppose, with a touch of "All the Young Dudes" in the background—though I made sure I changed the chords."[1]
Live performances[edit]
Due to Noel Gallagher's general dislike of Be Here Now, "Stand by Me" was rarely played live by the band at their concerts, as it was Noel who usually decided the song listings for Oasis' tours. A live version of the song from this tour can be found on the double-CD version of Familiar to Millions.
A well-known acoustic version of "Stand by Me" was shown on television the night before the release of Be Here Now as part of a BBC One documentary, featuring Noel, Liam Gallagher and drummer Alan White sitting by the side of a swimming pool, with Liam on vocals, Noel on acoustic guitar and White playing tambourine. This version became available with the 2016 "Chasing The Sun" edition of Be Here Now.
Video[edit]
The video for the song was shot on 20 September 1997. It was a reworking of a famous series of adverts for The Guardian newspaper. Entitled 'The Whole Picture', the adverts showed people appearing to be engaging in criminal and/or anti-social acts—only for it to be revealed that they are actually helping someone else. For example, a scruffily-dressed skinhead rushes at a businessman; it appears he is making an effort to mug him. A man also appears to be breaking into a car. Only the "whole picture" reveals that the bald man is in fact trying to warn him that someone is forcing his car lock while the "thief" is actually helping the businessman open his stuck car door. Similarly in the video for "Stand by Me", a shop appears to be being burgled—its window is smashed and people are taking away electrical goods—only for it to be revealed that in fact the victim of a motorcycle crash has gone through the window and is buried under the televisions.[2] The video was filmed in the suburban town of Feltham, in west London.
Track listing[edit]
CD (Promo) SAMPCS 4621
"Stand by Me" (Radio Edit) – 4:51
CD CRESCD 278
"Stand by Me" – 5:55
"(I Got) The Fever" – 5:14
"My Sister Lover" – 5:58
"Going Nowhere" – 4:41
7" CRE 278 / Cassette CRECS 278 / CD (Promo) CCD 278X
"Stand by Me" – 5:55
"(I Got) The Fever" – 5:14
12" CRE 278T
"Stand by Me" – 5:55
"(I Got) The Fever" – 5:14
"My Sister Lover" – 5:58
"My Sister Lover" - Some fans believe the title to be a reference to the band Sister Lovers, a group that invited Oasis to a May 1993 gig at King Tut's Wah Wah Hut in Glasgow, Scotland, where they were spotted by Creation Records chief Alan McGee, who reportedly offered Oasis a recording contract on the spot after the gig.
"Going Nowhere" - apparently Noel's attempt at a Burt Bacharach style song - can be found on The Masterplan, a collection of Oasis B-sides. It is one of only two B-sides from the Be Here Now era to be included on the album. Although it was not released until 1997, the song was written in 1990, before Noel even joined Oasis.
Personnel[edit]
Liam Gallagher – vocals
Noel Gallagher – lead guitars, backing vocals
Paul Arthurs – rhythm guitar
Paul McGuigan – bass guitar
Alan White – drums
Uncredited - orchestra
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Noel Gallagher; Oasis: Be Here Now Special on YouTube; hosted by Molly Meldrum; 1997
Jump up ^ "Oasis- Stand by me (original and official)". YouTube. 2009-07-05. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
[hide]
v
t
e
Oasis
Liam Gallagher
Noel Gallagher
Paul "Guigsy" McGuigan
Paul "Bonehead" Arthurs
Tony McCarroll
Alan White
Gem Archer
Andy Bell
Zak Starkey
Chris Sharrock
Studio albums
Definitely Maybe
(What's the Story) Morning Glory?
Be Here Now
Standing on the Shoulder of Giants
Heathen Chemistry
Don't Believe the Truth
Dig Out Your Soul
Live albums
Familiar to Millions
Live from The Roundhouse
Compilations
Definitely Maybe (singles box)
Morning Glory (singles box)
The Masterplan
Stop the Clocks
Time Flies... 1994–2009
Be Here Now Acoustic Collection
Extended plays
Live Demonstration
Boy with the Blues
Singles
"Supersonic"
"Shakermaker"
"Live Forever"
"Cigarettes & Alcohol"
"Rock 'n' Roll Star"
"Whatever"
"Some Might Say"
"Roll with It"
"Morning Glory"
"Wonderwall"
"Don't Look Back in Anger"
"Champagne Supernova"
"D'You Know What I Mean?"
"Stand by Me"
"All Around the World"
"Don't Go Away"
"Acquiesce"
"Go Let It Out"
"Who Feels Love?"
"Sunday Morning Call"
"Where Did It All Go Wrong?"
"The Hindu Times"
"Stop Crying Your Heart Out"
"Little by Little"/"She Is Love"
"Songbird"
"Lyla"
"The Importance of Being Idle"
"Let There Be Love"
"Lord Don't Slow Me Down"
"The Shock of the Lightning"
"I'm Outta Time"
"Falling Down"
Other songs
"Slide Away"
"Half the World Away"
"Talk Tonight"
"Acquiesce"
"The Masterplan"
"Stop the Clocks"
"Boy with the Blues"
Video albums
Live by the Sea
...There and Then
Familiar to Millions
Definitely Maybe
Lord Don't Slow Me Down
Time Flies... 1994–2009
Tours
Definitely Maybe Tour
(What's the Story) Morning Glory? Tour
Be Here Now Tour
Standing on the Shoulder of Giants Tour
The Tour of Brotherly Love
Heathen Chemistry Tour
Don't Believe the Truth Tour
Dig Out Your Soul Tour
Related
Articles
Discography
Awards
Band members
Songs
Big Brother Recordings
Bands
Beady Eye
Heavy Stereo
Hurricane #1
Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds
Ride
The Rain
No Way Sis
People
Jay Darlington
Tony Griffiths
Terry Kirkbride
Alan McGee
Scott McLeod
Owen Morris
Dave Sardy
Paul Stacey
Steve White
Albums and Songs
The Dreams We Have as Children
Standing on the Edge of the Noise
"Wibbling Rivalry"
"Stop the Clocks"
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stand_by_Me_(Oasis_song)&oldid=794834206"
Categories:
1997 singles
Oasis (band) songs
Creation Records singles
Songs written by Noel Gallagher
1997 songs
Song recordings produced by Noel Gallagher
Hidden categories:
Use British English from April 2014
Use dmy dates from April 2014
Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Français
Italiano
ქართული
日本語
Português
Suomi
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 August 2017, at 09:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan style

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: text-align: left; display: none; background: transparent;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border:none;
NavFrame1

values:
/wiki/All_the_Young_Dudes_(song)
mw-redirect
All the Young Dudes (song)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/The_Masterplan_(Oasis_album)
mw-redirect
The Masterplan (Oasis album)

values:
/wiki/Lead_guitars
mw-redirect
Lead guitars

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
Oasis
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/Boy_with_the_Blues_(EP)
mw-redirect
Boy with the Blues (EP)

values:
/wiki/Definitely_Maybe_Tour
mw-redirect
Definitely Maybe Tour

values: List of awards and nominations received by Oasis

values:
/wiki/List_of_Oasis_songs
mw-redirect
List of Oasis songs

values:
/wiki/The_Rain_(Manchester_band)
mw-redirect
The Rain (Manchester band)

values: The Dreams We Have as Children – Live at the Royal Albert Hall

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Songs written by Noel Gallagher

values: Category:Song recordings produced by Noel Gallagher

values: Category:Use British English from April 2014

values: Category:Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Stand_by_Me_(Oasis_song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: Stand by Me (canción de Oasis) – Spanish

values: Stand by Me (Oasis-ის სიმღერა) – Georgian

values: スタンド・バイ・ミー (オアシスの曲) – Japanese

values: Stand by Me (canção de Oasis) – Portuguese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Stand_by_Me_Oasis_song rootpage-Stand_by_Me_Oasis_song skin-vector action-view