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Gainesville, Georgia
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Gainesville, Georgia
City
Downtown Gainesville
Nickname(s): "Queen City of the Mountains",
"Poultry Capital of the World"

Location in Hall County and the state of Georgia
Gainesville
Gainesville in Metro Atlanta
Coordinates: 34°18′16″N 83°50′2″W / 34.30444°N 83.83389°W / 34.30444; -83.83389Coordinates: 34°18′16″N 83°50′2″W / 34.30444°N 83.83389°W / 34.30444; -83.83389
Country
United States
State
Georgia
County
Hall
Gainesville
1818
Named for
Edmund P. Gaines
Government
• Type
Popular vote democracy
• Mayor
Danny Dunagan[1]
Area
• City
33.9 sq mi (87.7 km2)
• Land
31.9 sq mi (82.7 km2)
• Water
1.9 sq mi (5.0 km2)
Elevation
1,250 ft (381 m)
Population (2010)
• City
33,804
• Estimate (2016)[2]
40,000
• Density
1,213/sq mi (468.2/km2)
• Metro
179,684
Time zone
EST (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s)
770
FIPS code
13-31908[3]
GNIS feature ID
0355972[4]
Website
www.gainesville.org
The city of Gainesville is the county seat of Hall County, Georgia, United States.[5] As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 33,804.[6] By 2015 the population had risen to an estimated 38,712.[7] Because of its large number of poultry processing plants, it is often called the "Poultry Capital of the World". Gainesville is the principal city of, and is included in, the Gainesville, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, Georgia Combined Statistical Area.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
3 Economy
3.1 Poultry farming
3.2 Top employers
4 Culture
4.1 Arts and Theater
5 Climate
5.1 Severe weather
6 Demographics
7 Transportation
8 Healthcare
9 Government and infrastructure
10 Education
10.1 Gainesville City School District
10.2 Hall County School District
10.3 Private education
10.4 Higher education
10.5 Library
11 Law
12 Notable people
13 See also
14 References
15 External links
History[edit]
Gainesville was established as "Mule Camp Springs" by European-American settlers in the early 1800s. Less than three years after the organization of Hall County on December 15, 1818, Mule Camp Springs was renamed "Gainesville" on April 21, 1821. It was named in honor of General Edmund P. Gaines,[8] a hero of the War of 1812 and a noted military surveyor and road-builder. Gainesville was selected to be the county seat and chartered by the Georgia General Assembly on November 30, 1821.
A gold rush that began in nearby Lumpkin County in the 1830s resulted in an increase in the number of settlers and the beginning of a business community. In the middle of the 19th century, Gainesville had two important events. In 1849, it became established as a resort center, with people attracted to the springs. In 1851, much of the small city was destroyed by fire.
After the Civil War, Gainesville began to grow from 1870. In 1871 the Airline Railroad, later named the Georgia Southern Railroad, began to stop in Gainesville, increasing its ties to other markets and stimulating business and population. It grew from 1,000 in 1870, to over 5,000 by 1900.
By 1898, textile mills had become the primary driver of the economy, with the railroad integral to delivering raw cotton and carrying away the mills' products. With the revenues generated by the mills, in 1902, Gainesville became the first city south of Baltimore to install street lamps.[citation needed] On March 1, 1905, free mail delivery began in Gainesville, and on August 10, 1910, the Gainesville post office was opened. On December 22, 1915, the city's first high-rise, the Jackson Building, had its formal opening. In 1919 Southern Bell made improvements to the phone system.
City services began in Gainesville on February 22, 1873, with the election of a City Marshal, followed by solid waste collection in 1874. In 1890, a bond issue to fund the waterworks was passed, and the original water distribution system was developed.
In 1943, at the height of World War II, Gainesville contributed to the war effort by leasing the airport to the US government for $1.00. The military used it as a naval air station for training purposes. In 1947, the airport was returned to the city of Gainesville, improved by the addition of two 4,000-foot (1,200 m) landing strips (one of which was later lengthened to 5,500 feet (1,700 m)).
After World War II, a businessman named Jesse Jewell started the poultry industry in north Georgia. Chickens have since become the state's largest agricultural crop. This $1 billion a year industry has given Gainesville the title "Poultry Capital of the World".
In 1956, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed Lake Sidney Lanier, by building Buford Dam on the Chattahoochee River. During the 1996 Summer Olympics, Gainesville served as the venue for the rowing and kayaking medal competitions, which were staged on Lake Lanier.
Gainesville gained accreditation of its Parks and Recreation Department in 2001. This was the third department in the state to be accredited. The Lakeside water treatment plant opened in 2002. The city has sponsored new social activities, including the Spring Chicken Festival in 2003, the Art in the Square gathering in 2004, and "Dredgefest" in 2008.
2008 saw the reopening of the Fair Street Neighborhood Center, the reopening of the Linwood Water Reclamation Facility Grand, and the completion of the Longwood Park Fishing Pier.
Geography[edit]
Lake Lanier at River Forks Park
Gainesville is located in central Hall County at 34°18′16″N 83°50′2″W / 34.30444°N 83.83389°W / 34.30444; -83.83389 (34.304490, -83.833897).[9] It is bordered to the southwest by the city of Oakwood. Interstate 985/U.S. Route 23 passes through the southern part of the city, leading southwest 54 miles (87 km) to Atlanta and northeast 23 miles (37 km) to Baldwin and Cornelia. U.S. Route 129 runs through the east side of the city, leading north 24 miles (39 km) to Cleveland and southeast 21 miles (34 km) to Jefferson.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.9 square miles (87.7 km2), of which 31.9 square miles (82.7 km2) are land and 1.9 square miles (5.0 km2), or 5.75%, are water.[10]
Nestled in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, parts of Gainesville lie along the shore of one of the nation's most popular inland water destinations, Lake Lanier. Named after Confederate veteran, Georgia author and musician Sidney Lanier, the lake was created in 1956 when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dammed the Chattahoochee River near Buford and flooded the river's valley. Although created primarily for hydroelectricity and flood control, it also serves as a reservoir providing water to the city of Atlanta and is a very popular recreational attraction for all of north Georgia.
Much of Gainesville is heavily wooded, with both deciduous and coniferous trees.
Economy[edit]
Poultry farming[edit]
The poultry farming industry in Gainesville began to develop after World War II, when Jesse Jewell, a Gainesville feed salesman, began his business. The format he developed was to sell North Georgia farmers baby chicks and feed on credit. When the chicks were grown, Jewell would buy back the adult chickens (broilers) at a price that would cover his costs and guarantee farmers a profit. Once Jewell signed on enough farmers to produce broilers for him, he invested in his own processing plant and hatchery.[11]
As of 2013, poultry farming remains a significant economic driver in Gainesville, representing six of its top ten employers (7,600 employees), nearly one-quarter of the total population in the city in 2010 (and a higher proportion of the working-age population).[12] It is the most well-known business in the area, with statewide revenue exceeding $3 billion. These jobs have attracted numerous Hispanic workers, adding to the diversity of families in the city and county. The proportion of Hispanic and Latino residents is more than 40 percent of the city's population, where the jobs are.
Top employers[edit]
According to Gainesville's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[13] the top employers in the city are:
#
Employer
# of Employees
1 Northeast Georgia Health System 5,030
2 Fieldale Farms 2,400
3 Pilgrim's 1,600
4 Mar-Jac 1,250
5 Kubota 960
6 Coleman Natural 900
7 The Longstreet Clinic 580
8 Koch Foods 521
9 ZF 440
10 MP Equipment 110
Culture[edit]
Arts and Theater[edit]
Gainesville is the home of the Gainesville Theater Alliance (GTA), which is a partnership between Brenau University, the Univeristy of North Georgia, Theatre Wings, and the Professional Company. This coalition provides theatrical entertainment for the entire Gainesville area. GTA utilizes both professional and student actors in its productions and their performances have been nationally acclaimed. [14]
The Northeast Georgia History Center is a museum established by Brenau University in Downtown Gainesville that focuses on the heritage of the Northeast Georgia region. Some notable exhibits include the Land of Promise and Northeast Georgia Sports Hall of Fame. [15]
The Arts Council is a non-profit organization focused on providing Gainesville residents with a broad variety of visual, performing, and literary arts. The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra has been known to perform at this location. The Arts Council is located in the Smithgall Arts Center, which is a former two-story train depot that the Arts Council purchased from CSX Transportation in 1992. [16]
The Quinlan Visual Arts Center is a non-profit arts association initially founded as the Gainesville Arts Association in 1942. The Quinlan Visual Arts Center acts as an exhibit, with multiple galleries on display throughout the year, as well as an event center. It is also an affiliate of the Arts Council and provides art classes for both children and adults. [17]
The Gainesville Symphony Orchestra (GSO) was a volunteer orchestra founded in 1982 as the Lanier Symphony Orchestra. However, due to a lack in funding during the Great Recession, the GSO shut down in 2013 after almost 30 years of operation. [18]
Gainesville is also home to the Gainesville Ballet Company which is a partnership with Brenau University and the Gainesville School of Dance. One of their more popular performances throughout the year is Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. [19]
Alta Vista Cemetery is a graveyard located just outside Downtown Gainesville. The famous Confederate general James Longstreet is buried here. Other notable gravesites include: several Georgia governors, an astronaut, a rocket scientist, a circus performer, and that of poultry pioneer Jesse Jewell (whom Jesse Jewell Parkway, Gainesville's main thoroughfare, is named after). [20]
Climate[edit]
Gainesville has a subtropical climate with mild, yet extremely varying[21] winters and very hot summers.
Winters are generally mild, with average temperature highs in the high 40s to mid 50s and lows in the low to mid 30s. However, temperatures can swing up and down in days, often one after another, since cold fronts and warm fronts visit frequently. It is not uncommon to see 70s for highs two days and temperatures in the teens for lows the next. Annual snowfall only yields an average of 1 inch, and accumulations for more than a day are rare.[22] Gainesville is located in USDA Hardiness Zone 8a, enabling hardy palm trees and cacti to withstand frigid nights. The record low temperature (-14 °F) was recorded in January 1985.
Spring sees highs in the 70s and 80s with lows in the 40s and 50s although March is the wettest month of the year on average.
Summer heat can be intense, but generally highs are in the mid to upper 80s. Gainesville's altitude shaves a few degrees off the summer heat. The area is extremely humid, and the heat index can reach the 100s. The record high (107 °F) was recorded in June and July 1952.
Fall has temperatures similar to spring but with much less humidity, especially later in the season. In late October to November the leaves are in the midst of changing colors to brilliant reds, yellows, golden oranges and purples.
[hide]Climate data for Gainesville, Georgia
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °F (°C)
51
(11) 56
(13) 63
(17) 72
(22) 80
(27) 87
(31) 90
(32) 90
(32) 82
(28) 73
(23) 60
(16) 52
(11) 71.3
(21.9)
Average low °F (°C)
32
(0) 37
(3) 46
(8) 51
(11) 60
(16) 66
(19) 68
(20) 66
(19) 61
(16) 51
(11) 45
(7) 35
(2) 51.5
(11)
Source: Weatherbase[23]
Severe weather[edit]
While Gainesville does not sit in Tornado Alley, a region of the United States where severe weather is common, Supercell thunderstorms can sweep through any time between March and November, being primarily concentrated in the spring. Tornado watches are frequent in the spring and summer, with a warning appearing at least biannually, occasionally with more than one per year.
Tornado activity in the Gainesville area is above Georgia state average and is 108% greater than the overall U.S. average.
Gainesville was the site of the fifth deadliest tornado in U.S. history in 1936,[24] in which Gainesville was devastated and 203 people were killed.[25] Gainesville was also the site of another deadly F4 on June 1, 1903, which killed 98 people.
In April 1974, an F4 tornado 22.6 miles away from the Gainesville city center killed six people and injured thirty. In December 1973, a category F3 tornado 2.1 miles away from the city center injured twenty-one people. Both storms caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in property damages.
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1860 344 —
1870 472 37.2%
1880 1,919 306.6%
1890 3,202 66.9%
1900 4,382 36.9%
1910 5,925 35.2%
1920 6,272 5.9%
1930 8,624 37.5%
1940 10,243 18.8%
1950 11,936 16.5%
1960 16,523 38.4%
1970 15,459 −6.4%
1980 15,280 −1.2%
1990 17,885 17.0%
2000 25,578 43.0%
2010 33,804 32.2%
Est. 2016 40,000 [2] 18.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[26]
As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 33,804 people, 11,273 households, and 7,165 families residing in the city. The population density was 1.161.6 people per square mile (450.7/km²). There were 12,967 housing units at an average density of 445.6 per square mile (172.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 54.2% White, 15.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 23.4% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.6% of the population.
There were 11,273 households out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.64% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.55.
Age distribution was 33.9% under the age of 20, 9.5% from 20 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.5 years. For every 100 females there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 20 and over, there were 84.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,119, and the median income for a family was $43,734. Males had a median income of $26,377 versus $20,531 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,439. About 24.9% of families and 29.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.7% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.[27] In May 2013, the unemployment rate was 6.9%, less than the overall rate in Georgia of 8.3%, the US of 7.6%[28]
Of the population aged 15 years and over, 31.0% have never been married; 50.0% are now married; 2.4% are separated; 7.7% are widowed; and 9.9% are divorced.
Transportation[edit]
Amtrak's Crescent train connects Gainesville with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Greensboro, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham and New Orleans. The Gainesville Amtrak station is situated at 116 Industrial Boulevard.
Gainesville has a bus transit system, the Gainesville Connection, with 130 stops along three routes through Gainesville.[29] The Hall Area Transit Transportation System began operations in January 2001 with three buses and four mini-buses.[30]
Lee Gilmer Memorial Airport (GVL), built in 1940, is a city-owned airport with two runways (5,500 ft and 4,001 ft), and supports air taxi operations, itinerant operations, local operations, and military operations. Aircraft include 116 single engine aircraft, 21 multi-engine aircraft, 2 jet engine aircraft and 1 helicopter.[31] In addition, Gainesville has three heliports, Beaver Trail, Lanier Park Hospital and Latham Creek.
Healthcare[edit]
Gainesville is home to the Northeast Georgia Medical Center which houses the Ronnie Greene Heart Center.
Government and infrastructure[edit]
Arrendale State Prison of the Georgia Department of Corrections is a women's prison located in unincorporated Habersham County, near Alto,[32] and in the Gainesville area.[33]
Education[edit]
Of residents 25 and older, 66.2% have a high school degree or higher, 24.2% have a bachelor's degree or higher and 8.9% have a graduate or professional degree.[citation needed]
Gainesville City School District[edit]
The Gainesville City School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of five elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school.[34][35] The district has 282 full-time teachers and over 4,438 students.[36] Its lone high school, Gainesville High School boasts several notable alumni, including Deshaun Watson, Clemson quarterback, Cris Carpenter, former professional baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals, Florida Marlins, Texas Rangers, Milwaukee Brewers), Tasha Humphrey, professional basketball player, and Micah Owings, Current professional baseball player (Arizona Diamondbacks, Cincinnati Reds, San Diego Padres).
Hall County School District[edit]
The Hall County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of twenty-one elementary schools, six middle schools, and seven high schools.[37] The district has 1,337 full-time teachers and over 21,730 students.[38] The high schools in this district have produced a number of notable alumni including, Connor Shaw, starting quarterback for the University of South Carolina Gamecocks football team; Casey Cagle, Lt. Governor, State of Georgia; James Mills, Georgia State Representative; A.J. Styles, professional wrestler; Mike "MoonPie" Wilson, former NFL football player; Chester Willis, former NFL football player; Jody Davis, former catcher for Chicago Cubs and Atlanta Braves baseball teams; Billy Greer, bass guitarist for progressive rock band Kansas; Corey Hulsey, former NFL Oakland Raiders football player; Robin Spriggs, author and actor; and Martrez Milner, American football tight end.
Private education[edit]
Gainesville has three private schools: Riverside Military Academy which is a private, college preparatory, boarding and day school for boys in grades 7 through 12; Lakeview Academy, a private, nondenominational, college preparatory school; and Brenau Academy, a female, college preparatory, residential school for grades 9-12, which is a part of the Brenau University system.
Higher education[edit]
Gainesville has three institutions of higher education: University of North Georgia (formerly Gainesville State College), which was established January 8, 2013, as a result of the consolidation of North Georgia College and State University and Gainesville State College; Brenau University, a private, not-for-profit, undergraduate- and graduate-level higher education institution; and the Interactive College of Technology.
Library[edit]
The Hall County Library, with an operating income of $3,078,611, offers a collection of 292,717 books, 1,355 e-books, 32,858 audio materials, 26,616 video materials, 36 local licensed databases, 146 state licensed databases, 821 print serial subscriptions, and 36 electronic serial subscriptions.[39]
Law[edit]
The Public Defender's Office at Gainesville has been recognized as one of the best in the state of Georgia. Established in 2005, the office provides representation for persons accused of felony offenses in Hall County.[40] Attorneys from the office have been recognized for their community involvement, as well as for their acumen in the courtroom.[41] In 2008, a first-year attorney successfully challenged the Sex Offender Registration Law in the Georgia Supreme Court.[42]
Crime has decreased significantly in the past twelve years in Gainesville, with the rate of crimes per 100,000 population decreasing from a high of 728.6 in 2000, to 307.6 in 2011 (the last year for which data is available).[39]
The number of full-time law enforcement employees in 2011, including police officers, was 108, with 95 being officers. Gainesville is on par with the state of Georgia in general with 2.77 officers per 1,000 residents.[39]
Notable people[edit]
Tommy Aaron, professional golfer, 1973 Masters champion
Jodi Benson, voice actress for Princess Ariel in Disney's The Little Mermaid
Roy D. Bridges, Jr., astronaut
Casey Cagle, Lieutenant Governor of Georgia 2006–present
Rod Cameron, actor
Allen D. Candler, Governor of Georgia
Cris Carpenter, former Major League Baseball pitcher
John Casper, astronaut
Jason Cross, professional wrestler
Henry Crowder, professional jazz musician
Jody Davis, professional baseball player
Nathan Deal, 82nd Governor of Georgia, grew up in Millen[43]
Dexter Fowler, Major League Baseball center fielder for the St. Louis Cardinals
Chan Gailey, professional and college football coach
John Driskell Hopkins, bassist for the Zac Brown Band
Corey Hulsey, football guard for the Detroit Lions
Tasha Humphrey, Washington Mystics basketball player
Sung Kang, actor
General James Longstreet, Confederate general and Gainesville postmaster
Reg Murphy, former president and vice chairman, National Geographic Society; publisher, Baltimore Sun; editor and publisher, San Francisco Examiner; editor, Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Alexander R. Nininger, World War II Medal of Honor recipient, Battle of Bataan
Micah Owings, Major League Baseball pitcher
Randy Pobst, professional racing driver
Robert Prechter, financial forecaster (1980s "Guru of the Decade")
Blake Sims, former University of Alabama Quarterback
James Milton Smith, Governor of Georgia
AJ Styles, professional wrestler signed to WWE
Deshaun Watson, current Houston Texans quarterback; former Clemson University quarterback
Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson
Mike Wilson, former National Football League offensive lineman
See also[edit]
State of Georgia portal
1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.gainesville.org/city-council
^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
Jump up ^ "Gainesville (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 133.
Jump up ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Gainesville city, Georgia". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ New Georgia Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ Gainesville-Hall County Top Employers 2013
Jump up ^ City of Gainesville CAFR
Jump up ^ http://blog.ung.edu/gta/about-gta/index/
Jump up ^ http://www.negahc.org/
Jump up ^ http://www.exploregeorgia.org/listing/4189-arts-council-smithgall-arts-center
Jump up ^ http://www.quinlanartscenter.org/about.html
Jump up ^ http://www.gainesvilletimes.com/archives/81726/preview/
Jump up ^ http://www.gainesvilleballet.org/
Jump up ^ http://www.exploregeorgia.org/listing/104-alta-vista-cemetery
Jump up ^ [1]: an example of Extreme Gainesville Weather. Accessed Wednesday, February 04, 2009 at 4:09 PM, this page specified a Hard freeze Warning, Lake Wind Advisory, and even a Fire Weather Warning, issued from the National Weather Service! Other days can see this rise to 60 Fahrenheit before plummeting once more.
Jump up ^ "City street after an ice storm, Gainesville, Georgia, January 31, 1908". Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gainesville, Georgia, United States of America". Retrieved July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The 1936 Gainesville Tornado: Disaster and Recovery". Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Jump up ^ NOAA Storm Prediction Center
Jump up ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ American Fact Finder
Jump up ^ Georgia Department of Labor
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Gainesville History
Jump up ^ Lee Gilmer Memorial Airport
Jump up ^ "Arrendale State Prison Archived 2014-01-16 at the Wayback Machine.." Georgia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on November 15, 2010. "ADDRESS: 2023 GAINESVILLE HWY SOUTH POST OFFICE BOX 709 ALTO, GA 30510."
Jump up ^ Pearl, Matthew. "Ga. inmates make history, graduate high school in prison" (Archive). WXIA. July 23, 2015. Retrieved on July 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Georgia Board of Education[permanent dead link], Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gainesville City School District, Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ School Stats, Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Georgia Board of Education[permanent dead link], Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ School Stats, Retrieved June 9, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c [3]
Jump up ^ Georgia Public Defender Standards Council - Meet the Northeastern Judicial Circuit Public Defender Office Archived 2007-05-02 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ gainesvilletimes.com[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Young lawyer makes his mark". Gainesvilletimes.com. November 12, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (1999). The Almanac of American Politics 2000. National Journal Group Inc. p. 483.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Gainesville (Georgia).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gainesville, Georgia.
City of Gainesville official website
Gainesville Times, newspaper
Greater Hall Chamber of Commerce
Palmour Street, 1957 film set in an African American neighborhood of Gainesville, directed by George Stoney
City-Data.com entry
Bicentennial Park historical marker
Dr. Emmett Ethridge Butler historical marker
First Private Mint Templeton Reid Mint historical marker
Jesse Jewell historical marker
Henry O. Ward historical marker
The Historic Piedmont Hotel historical marker
Two Georgia Governors historical marker
[show]
v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Hall County, Georgia, United States
County seat: Gainesville
City
Buford‡
Flowery Branch
Gainesville
Gillsville‡
Lula‡
Oakwood
Towns
Braselton‡
Clermont
Rest Haven‡
Unincorporated
communities
Belmont
Chestnut Mountain
Chicopee
Murrayville
New Holland
Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
[show]
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VIAF: 236990563
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Ballon d'Or
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Michel Platini, pictured with the 1985 Ballon d'Or, won the award three times in succession.
The Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ]; "Golden Ball"), is an annual football award presented by France Football. It has been awarded since 1956, although between 2010 and 2015, an agreement was made with FIFA and the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year, and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or, but the partnership was ended in 2016 and the award been reversed back to Ballon d'Or while FIFA also renamed its traditional award. Conceived by sports writer Gabriel Hanot, the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year, based on voting by football journalists. Originally, only European players were in contention for the Ballon d'Or: in 1995 the award was expanded to include all players at European clubs[1][2] and in 2007 to all players from around the world.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Winners
2.1 Wins by player
2.2 Wins by country
2.3 Wins by club
3 Additional awards
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
History
Stanley Matthews of Blackpool was the inaugural winner of the Ballon d'Or.[4] Prior to 1995, the award was often known in English language media as the European Footballer of the Year award. Milan's George Weah, the only African recipient, became the first non-European to win the award in the year the rules of eligibility were changed.[2] Ronaldo of Internazionale became the first South American winner two years later.[2] Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have won the award a record five times. Three players have won the award three times each: Johan Cruyff of Ajax and Barcelona, Michel Platini of Juventus and Marco van Basten of Milan. With seven awards each, Dutch and German players won the most Ballons d'Or. Spanish club Barcelona has the most winners, with 11 wins.[5]
Between 2010 and 2015 inclusive the award was merged with a similar award, the FIFA World Player of the Year award, to create the FIFA Ballon d'Or, which was awarded to the world's best male player, before FIFA and France Football broke the merging agreement.[6] After 2011, UEFA created the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award to maintain the format of the original Ballon d'Or.[7]
Winners
Key
Indicates player also won the FIFA World Player of the Year (1991–2009) or The Best FIFA Men's Player (2016–) in the same year
Cristiano Ronaldo (left) and Lionel Messi, have won five awards each.
Year
Rank
Player
Team
Points
Ballon d'Or (1956–2009)
1956 1st Stanley Matthews Blackpool 47
2nd Alfredo Di Stéfano Real Madrid 44
3rd Raymond Kopa Real Madrid 33
1957 1st Alfredo Di Stéfano[note 1] Real Madrid 72
2nd Billy Wright Wolverhampton Wanderers 19
3rd Duncan Edwards Manchester United 16
Raymond Kopa Real Madrid
1958 1st Raymond Kopa Real Madrid 71
2nd Helmut Rahn Rot-Weiss Essen 40
3rd Just Fontaine Stade de Reims 23
1959 1st Alfredo Di Stéfano Real Madrid 80
2nd Raymond Kopa Real Madrid 42
3rd John Charles Juventus 24
1960 1st Luis Suárez Barcelona 54
2nd Ferenc Puskás Real Madrid 37
3rd Uwe Seeler Hamburg 33
1961 1st Omar Sívori[note 2] Juventus 46
2nd Luis Suárez Internazionale 40
3rd Johnny Haynes Fulham 22
1962 1st Josef Masopust Dukla Prague 65
2nd Eusébio Benfica 53
3rd Karl-Heinz Schnellinger Köln 33
1963 1st Lev Yashin Dynamo Moscow 73
2nd Gianni Rivera Milan 53
3rd Jimmy Greaves Tottenham Hotspur 33
1964 1st Denis Law Manchester United 61
2nd Luis Suárez Internazionale 43
3rd Amancio Real Madrid 38
1965 1st Eusébio Benfica 67
2nd Giacinto Facchetti Internazionale 59
3rd Luis Suárez Internazionale 45
1966 1st Bobby Charlton Manchester United 81
2nd Eusébio Benfica 80
3rd Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 59
1967 1st Flórián Albert Ferencváros 68
2nd Bobby Charlton Manchester United 40
3rd Jimmy Johnstone Celtic 39
1968 1st George Best Manchester United 61
2nd Bobby Charlton Manchester United 53
3rd Dragan Džajić Red Star Belgrade 46
1969 1st Gianni Rivera Milan 83
2nd Luigi Riva Cagliari 79
3rd Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 38
1970 1st Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 77
2nd Bobby Moore West Ham United 70
3rd Luigi Riva Cagliari 65
1971 1st Johan Cruyff Ajax 116
2nd Sandro Mazzola Internazionale 57
3rd George Best Manchester United 56
1972 1st Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 81
2nd Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 79
Günter Netzer Borussia Mönchengladbach
1973 1st Johan Cruyff[note 3] Barcelona 96
2nd Dino Zoff Juventus 47
3rd Gerd Müller Bayern Munich 44
1974 1st Johan Cruyff Barcelona 116
2nd Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 105
3rd Kazimierz Deyna Legia Warsaw 35
1975 1st Oleg Blokhin Dynamo Kyiv 122
2nd Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 42
3rd Johan Cruyff Barcelona 27
1976 1st Franz Beckenbauer Bayern Munich 91
2nd Rob Rensenbrink Anderlecht 75
3rd Ivo Viktor Dukla Prague 52
1977 1st Allan Simonsen Borussia Mönchengladbach 74
2nd Kevin Keegan[note 4] Hamburg 71
3rd Michel Platini Nancy 70
1978 1st Kevin Keegan Hamburg 87
2nd Hans Krankl Barcelona 81
3rd Rob Rensenbrink Anderlecht 50
1979 1st Kevin Keegan Hamburg 118
2nd Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Bayern Munich 52
3rd Ruud Krol Ajax 41
1980 1st Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Bayern Munich 122
2nd Bernd Schuster Barcelona 34
3rd Michel Platini Saint-Étienne 33
1981 1st Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Bayern Munich 106
2nd Paul Breitner Bayern Munich 64
3rd Bernd Schuster Barcelona 39
1982 1st Paolo Rossi Juventus 115
2nd Alain Giresse Bordeaux 64
3rd Zbigniew Boniek Juventus 39
1983 1st Michel Platini Juventus 110
2nd Kenny Dalglish Liverpool 26
3rd Allan Simonsen Vejle 25
1984 1st Michel Platini Juventus 110
2nd Jean Tigana Bordeaux 57
3rd Preben Elkjær Hellas Verona 48
1985 1st Michel Platini Juventus 127
2nd Preben Elkjær Hellas Verona 71
3rd Bernd Schuster Barcelona 46
1986 1st Igor Belanov Dynamo Kyiv 84
2nd Gary Lineker[note 5] Barcelona 62
3rd Emilio Butragueño Real Madrid 59
1987 1st Ruud Gullit[note 6] Milan 106
2nd Paulo Futre[note 7] Atlético Madrid 91
3rd Emilio Butragueño Real Madrid 61
1988 1st Marco van Basten Milan 129
2nd Ruud Gullit Milan 88
3rd Frank Rijkaard[note 8] Milan 45
1989 1st Marco van Basten Milan 129
2nd Franco Baresi Milan 80
3rd Frank Rijkaard Milan 43
1990 1st Lothar Matthäus Internazionale 137
2nd Salvatore Schillaci Juventus 84
3rd Andreas Brehme Internazionale 68
1991 1st Jean-Pierre Papin Marseille 141
2nd Dejan Savićević Red Star Belgrade 42
Darko Pančev Red Star Belgrade
Lothar Matthäus Internazionale
1992 1st Marco van Basten Milan 98
2nd Hristo Stoichkov Barcelona 80
3rd Dennis Bergkamp Ajax 53
1993 1st Roberto Baggio Juventus 142
2nd Dennis Bergkamp Internazionale 83
3rd Eric Cantona Manchester United 34
1994 1st Hristo Stoichkov Barcelona 210
2nd Roberto Baggio Juventus 136
3rd Paolo Maldini Milan 109
1995 1st George Weah [note 9] Milan 144
2nd Jürgen Klinsmann Bayern Munich 108
3rd Jari Litmanen Ajax 67
1996 1st Matthias Sammer Borussia Dortmund 144
2nd Ronaldo[note 10] Barcelona 143
3rd Alan Shearer Newcastle United 107
1997 1st Ronaldo [note 11] Internazionale 222
2nd Predrag Mijatović Real Madrid 68
3rd Zinedine Zidane Juventus 63
1998 1st Zinedine Zidane Juventus 244
2nd Davor Šuker Real Madrid 68
3rd Ronaldo Internazionale 66
1999 1st Rivaldo Barcelona 219
2nd David Beckham Manchester United 154
3rd Andriy Shevchenko Milan 64
2000 1st Luís Figo[note 12] Real Madrid 197
2nd Zinedine Zidane Juventus 181
3rd Andriy Shevchenko Milan 85
2001 1st Michael Owen Liverpool 176
2nd Raúl Real Madrid 140
3rd Oliver Kahn Bayern Munich 114
2002 1st Ronaldo [note 13] Real Madrid 169
2nd Roberto Carlos Real Madrid 145
3rd Oliver Kahn Bayern Munich 110
2003 1st Pavel Nedvěd Juventus 190
2nd Thierry Henry Arsenal 128
3rd Paolo Maldini Milan 123
2004 1st Andriy Shevchenko Milan 175
2nd Deco[note 14] Barcelona 139
3rd Ronaldinho Barcelona 133
2005 1st Ronaldinho Barcelona 225
2nd Frank Lampard Chelsea 148
3rd Steven Gerrard Liverpool 142
2006 1st Fabio Cannavaro [note 15] Real Madrid 173
2nd Gianluigi Buffon Juventus 124
3rd Thierry Henry Arsenal 121
2007 1st Kaká Milan 444
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United 277
3rd Lionel Messi Barcelona 255
2008 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Manchester United 446
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 281
3rd Fernando Torres Liverpool 179
2009 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 473
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo[note 16] Real Madrid 233
3rd Xavi Barcelona 170
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
2010 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 22.65%
2nd Andrés Iniesta Barcelona 17.36%
3rd Xavi Barcelona 16.48%
2011 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 47.88%
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 21.60%
3rd Xavi Barcelona 9.23%
2012 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 41.60%
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 23.68%
3rd Andrés Iniesta Barcelona 10.91%
2013 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 27.99%
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 24.72%
3rd Franck Ribéry Bayern Munich 23.36%
2014 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 37.66%
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 15.76%
3rd Manuel Neuer Bayern Munich 15.72%
2015 1st Lionel Messi Barcelona 41.33%
2nd Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 27.76%
3rd Neymar Barcelona 7.86%
Ballon d'Or (2016–present)
2016 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 745
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 316
3rd Antoine Griezmann Atlético Madrid 198
2017 1st Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 946
2nd Lionel Messi Barcelona 670
3rd Neymar[note 17] Paris Saint-Germain 361
Wins by player
Johan Cruyff with the Ballon d'Or in 1971
One-time winners are only included if they have also finished 2nd or 3rd in another year.
Player
1st
2nd
3rd
Lionel Messi[note 18]
5 (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015) 5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) 1 (2007)
Cristiano Ronaldo[note 19]
5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) 5 (2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015) —
Michel Platini
3 (1983, 1984, 1985) — 2 (1977, 1980)
Johan Cruyff
3 (1971, 1973, 1974) — 1 (1975)
Marco van Basten
3 (1988, 1989, 1992) — —
Franz Beckenbauer
2 (1972, 1976) 2 (1974, 1975) 1 (1966)
Ronaldo
2 (1997, 2002) 1 (1996) 1 (1998)
Alfredo Di Stéfano
2 (1957, 1959) 1 (1956) —
Kevin Keegan
2 (1978, 1979) 1 (1977) —
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
2 (1980, 1981) 1 (1979) —
Luis Suárez
1 (1960) 2 (1961, 1964) 1 (1965)
Eusébio
1 (1965) 2 (1962, 1966) —
Bobby Charlton
1 (1966) 2 (1967, 1968) —
Raymond Kopa
1 (1958) 1 (1959) 2 (1956, 1957)
Gerd Müller
1 (1970) 1 (1972) 2 (1969, 1973)
Zinedine Zidane
1 (1998) 1 (2000) 1 (1997)
Gianni Rivera
1 (1969) 1 (1963) —
Ruud Gullit
1 (1987) 1 (1988) —
Lothar Matthäus
1 (1990) 1 (1991) —
Roberto Baggio
1 (1993) 1 (1994) —
Hristo Stoichkov
1 (1994) 1 (1992) —
Andriy Shevchenko
1 (2004) — 2 (1999, 2000)
George Best
1 (1968) — 1 (1971)
Allan Simonsen
1 (1977) — 1 (1983)
Ronaldinho
1 (2005) — 1 (2004)
Wins by country
Country
Players
Total
Germany
5 7
Netherlands
3 7
Portugal
3 7
France
4 6
Italy
5 5
Brazil
4 5
England
4 5
Argentina
1 5
Soviet Union
3 3
Spain
2 3
Czech Republic
1 1
Czechoslovakia
1 1
Bulgaria
1 1
Denmark
1 1
Hungary
1 1
Liberia
1 1
Northern Ireland
1 1
Scotland
1 1
Ukraine
1 1
Wins by club
Club
Players
Total
Barcelona
6 11
Real Madrid
6 10
Juventus
6 8
Milan
6 8
Bayern Munich
3 5
Manchester United
4 4
Dynamo Kyiv
2 2
Internazionale
2 2
Hamburg
1 2
Ajax
1 1
Benfica
1 1
Blackpool
1 1
Borussia Dortmund
1 1
Borussia Mönchengladbach
1 1
Dukla Prague
1 1
Dynamo Moscow
1 1
Ferencváros
1 1
Liverpool
1 1
Marseille
1 1
Additional awards
A special Ballon d'Or, under the name Super Ballon d'Or, was awarded to Alfredo Di Stéfano in 1989, after he surpassed Johan Cruyff and Michel Platini in France Football's voting.[10] A decade later, France Football elected Pelé the Football Player of the Century after consulting their former Ballon d'Or recipients. Among the 34 previous winners, 30 cast their votes; Stanley Matthews, Omar Sívori and George Best abstained, and Lev Yashin had died. Each voter was allotted five votes worth up to five points; however, Di Stéfano only chose a first place, Platini a first and second place, and George Weah two players for fifth place. Pelé was named the greatest by 17 voters, receiving almost double the number of points earned by the runner-up, Diego Maradona.[11]
Football Player of the Century
Player
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Pelé (BRA)
122 17 5 4 2 1
Diego Maradona (ARG)
65 3 6 5 5 1
Johan Cruyff (NED)
62 1 4 7 9 2
Alfredo Di Stéfano (ESP)
44 4 3 3 1 1
Michel Platini (FRA)
40 1 5 1 3 6
To coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Ballon d'Or in 2016, France Football published a reevaluation of the awards presented before 1995, when only European players were eligible to win the award. 12 out of the 39 Ballons d'Or presented during this time period would have been awarded to South American players; in addition to Pelé and Diego Maradona, Garrincha, Mario Kempes, and Romário were retrospectively recognized as worthy winners. The original recipients, however, remain unchanged.[12] Maradona and Pelé received honorary Ballons d'Or for their services to football in 1996 and 2013, respectively.[13][14]
Le nouveau palmarès (the new winners)
Year
Original
Alternative
1958
Raymond Kopa (FRA) Pelé (BRA)
1959
Alfredo Di Stéfano (ESP) Pelé (BRA)
1960
Luis Suárez (ESP) Pelé (BRA)
1961
Omar Sívori (ITA) Pelé (BRA)
1962
Josef Masopust (TCH) Garrincha (BRA)
1963
Lev Yashin (URS) Pelé (BRA)
1964
Denis Law (SCO) Pelé (BRA)
1970
Gerd Müller (FRG) Pelé (BRA)
1978
Kevin Keegan (ENG) Mario Kempes (ARG)
1986
Igor Belanov (URS) Diego Maradona (ARG)
1990
Lothar Matthäus (GER) Diego Maradona (ARG)
1994
Hristo Stoichkov (BUL) Romário (BRA)
See also
FIFA World Player of the Year
FIFA Ballon d'Or
The Best FIFA Football Awards
FIFPro World XI
Notes
Jump up ^ Born in Argentina, Di Stéfano acquired Spanish citizenship in 1956 and went on to play for the Spanish national football team.
Jump up ^ Born in Argentina, Sívori acquired Italian citizenship in 1961 and went on to play for the Italian national football team.
Jump up ^ Cruyff was signed by Barcelona from Ajax midway through 1973.
Jump up ^ Keegan was signed by Hamburg from Liverpool midway through 1977.
Jump up ^ Lineker was signed by Barcelona from Everton midway through 1986.
Jump up ^ Gullit was signed by Milan from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1987.
Jump up ^ Futre was signed by Atlético Madrid from Porto midway through 1987.
Jump up ^ Rijkaard was signed by Milan from Real Zaragoza midway through 1988.
Jump up ^ Weah was signed by Milan from Paris Saint-Germain midway through 1995.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Barcelona from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1996.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Internazionale from Barcelona midway through 1997.
Jump up ^ Figo was signed by Real Madrid from Barcelona midway through 2000.
Jump up ^ Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Internazionale midway through 2002.
Jump up ^ Deco was signed by Barcelona from Porto midway through 2004.
Jump up ^ Cannavaro was signed by Real Madrid from Juventus midway through 2006.
Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Manchester United midway through 2009.
Jump up ^ Neymar was signed by Paris Saint-Germain from Barcelona midway through 2017.
Jump up ^ Messi won four FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010, 2011, 2012, 2015) and twice finished in second place (2013, 2014).[8][9]
Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo won two FIFA Ballons d'Or (2013, 2014) and thrice finished in second place (2011, 2012, 2015).[8][9]
References
Jump up ^ "Matthews wins first Golden Ball". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The 1990s Ballon d'Or winners". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kaka wins 2007 award". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ronaldo joins legendary list". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Rankings by Wins". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "The FIFA Ballon d'Or is born". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 5 July 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "How the award came about". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "La liste complête des lauréats du Ballon d'or, de 1956 à nos jours". France Football. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "FIFA Awards – World Player of the Year". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "On this day, Di Stéfano won the Super Ballon d'Or". RealMadrid.com. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Stokkermans, Karel (23 December 2015). "France Football's Football Player of the Century". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Marchand, Thierry (December 2015). "On a refait le palmarès". France Football. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maradona receives honorary award". BBC Sport. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pele receives FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur". FIFA.com. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
External links
"European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
"La liste complête des lauréats du Ballon d'or, de 1956 à nos jours". France Football. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
[show]
v
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e
Ballon d'Or
France Football magazine award
Ballon d'Or (1956–2009)
1956: Matthews
1957: Di Stéfano
1958: Kopa
1959: Di Stéfano
1960: Suárez
1961: Sívori
1962: Masopust
1963: Yashin
1964: Law
1965: Eusébio
1966: Charlton
1967: Albert
1968: Best
1969: Rivera
1970: Müller
1971: Cruyff
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1973: Cruyff
1974: Cruyff
1975: Blokhin
1976: Beckenbauer
1977: Simonsen
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1979: Keegan
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1983: Platini
1984: Platini
1985: Platini
1986: Belanov
1987: Gullit
1988: Van Basten
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1992: Van Basten
1993: Baggio
1994: Stoichkov
1995: Weah
1996: Sammer
1997: Ronaldo
1998: Zidane
1999: Rivaldo
2000: Figo
2001: Owen
2002: Ronaldo
2003: Nedvěd
2004: Shevchenko
2005: Ronaldinho
2006: Cannavaro
2007: Kaká
2008: C. Ronaldo
2009: Messi
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
2010: Messi
2011: Messi
2012: Messi
2013: C. Ronaldo
2014: C. Ronaldo
2015: Messi
Ballon d'Or (2016–present)
2016: C. Ronaldo
2017: C. Ronaldo
FIFA World Player of the Year (1991–2009)
FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)
The Best FIFA Men's Player (2016–present)
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List of disputed territories of India
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Map showing disputed territories of India
There are several disputed territories of India. A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more states or over the possession or control of land by a new state and occupying power after it has conquered the land from a former state no longer currently recognized by the new state. India now faces territorial issues with three of its neighbors – China, Nepal, and Pakistan. India has resolved its border disputes with Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and an undemarcated border with Bhutan, which included multiple irregularities. (citation needed) An agreement with the Republic of China (Taiwan) is pending.
Contents
[hide]
1 Major disputes
1.1 Republic of China
1.2 People's Republic of China
1.2.1 Depsang Plains
1.2.2 Disputed areas located near Aksai Chin
1.2.3 Trans-Karakoram Tract
1.2.4 Arunachal Pradesh
1.3 Pakistan
1.3.1 Jammu and Kashmir 222,236 sq km
1.3.2 Siachen Glacier
1.3.3 Saltoro Ridge
1.3.4 Sir Creek
2 Minor disputes
2.1 Myanmar
2.2 Nepal
2.2.1 Kalapani
2.2.2 Susta
3 Former Disputes
3.1 Sri Lanka
3.1.1 Kachchatheevu
3.2 Bangladesh
3.2.1 South Talpatti Island
3.2.2 Indo-Bangladesh enclaves, adverse possessions and unmarked boundaries
4 See also
5 External links
6 References
Major disputes[edit]
Republic of China[edit]
The Republic of China (ROC), now based in Taiwan, is involved in territorial disputes with many governments bordering China. Due to the One-China policy, it has no formal diplomatic relations with any of these states. The ROC recognises neither the People's Republic of China (PRC) nor its border agreements or treaties with any other countries. Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of China states that "The territory of the Republic of China according to its existing national boundaries shall not be altered except by resolution of the National Assembly." Section 5 of Article 4 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China now overrides this provision. Thus, the ROC is involved with all Sino-Indian border conflicts.
People's Republic of China[edit]
Depsang Plains[edit]
The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The Chinese Army occupied most of the plains during its 1962 war with India; however, the Chinese retreated. The dispute remains unresolved, with China illegally constructing a road in the region.[citation needed]
Disputed areas located near Aksai Chin[edit]
Demchok 500 km2, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki La, Nelang and Laptha. All of these are controlled by India i.e. Kaurik & Shipki La (in Himachal Pradesh), Nelang Valley with areas Leptha, Pulam Sumda and Sang etc.(in Uttarakhand) are areas claimed by China as a part of the Ngari Prefecture of the Zanda County of Tibet, except the Demchok parcel which is 70% with China and 30% with India which is called New Demchok. However China claims all of it. There is another area called Barahoti section area whose grazing fields are named disputed by China, which is also in the state of Uttarakhand and is controlled by India.
Trans-Karakoram Tract[edit]
The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: 喀喇昆仑走廊; pinyin: Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng) is an area of nearly 5,800 km2/ 5180 km2 (2,239 sq mi) along both sides of the Shaksgam River, is entirely administered by the People's Republic of China as a part of Kargilik County and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but was claimed by Pakistan until 1963. It is still claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan gave up its claim to the tract under a border agreement with China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute.
Arunachal Pradesh[edit]
Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India created on 20 January 1972, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and the China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by China as part of South Tibet. The northern border of Arunachal Pradesh reflects the McMahon Line, a 1914 treaty between the United Kingdom and the Tibetan government which was never accepted by the Chinese government, was also considered invalid by Tibetans due to unmet condition specified in the treaty,[1] and not broadly enforced by the Indian government until 1950. This territory is administered by India.[2][3]
Pakistan[edit]
Jammu and Kashmir 222,236 sq km[edit]
These areas serve as the center the major dispute between Pakistan and India. Three wars have been fought between the two countries over these territories. In addition to the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir a few other territorial disputes exist between Pakistan and India.
Siachen Glacier[edit]
The Siachen Glacier 2,300 /2600 km2 including glacier area of about 700 km2 is located in the eastern Karakorams in the Himalayas at about 35.5°N 77.0°E, just east of the Actual Ground Position Line between India-Pakistan. India controls all of the Siachen Glacier itself, including all tributary glaciers. At 70 km (43 mi) long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas.[4]
Saltoro Ridge[edit]
The Saltoro (also known as Saltoro Parvat or Saltoro Muztagh) Mountatin range is a subrange of the Karakoram Heights or of Saltoro Ridge. They are located in the heart of the Karakoram, on the southwest side of the Siachen Glacier.
They are claimed as part of Jammu and Kashmir by India and as part of Gilgit-Baltistan by Pakistan. In 1984, India assumed military control of the main peaks and passes of the range, with Pakistani forces into the glacial valleys just to the west. Hence, despite high peaks and dramatic climbing opportunities, they are little visited except by military forces due to the ongoing Siachen conflict.
Sir Creek[edit]
The Sir Creek is a 96 km (60 mi) strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Pakistan claims the line to follow the eastern shore of the estuary while India claims a center line (differing interpretations of paragraphs 9 and 10 of the Bombay Government Resolution of 1914 signed between then the Government of Sindh and Rao Maharaj of Kutch.
Thus affecting the maritime boundary negotiations in Arabian Sea waters. Before India's independence, the provincial region was a part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. After India's independence in 1947, Sindh became a part of Pakistan while Kutch remained a part of India, Indian Army and Pak Marines are deployed on both sides of the border.
Minor disputes[edit]
Myanmar[edit]
There are several small disputed land near Hollenphai village and between Moreh, Manipur and Namphalong, Tamu.
Nepal[edit]
Kalapani[edit]
Kalapani (कालापानी) is an area under territorial dispute in Darchula District, Nepal and Pithoragarh district of India, area 400 km2.
Although claimed by Nepal, Kalapani has been administered by India's Indo-Tibetan Border Police since the 1962 border war with China. The Sugauli Treaty signed by Nepal and British India in 1816 utilizes the Kali River as Nepal's western boundary with India. Subsequent maps drawn by British surveyors show the source of the boundary river at different places. This discrepancy in locating the source of the river led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal, with each country producing maps supporting their own claims. The Kalapani River runs through an area that includes a disputed area of about 400 km² around the source of the river although the exact size of the disputed area varies from source to source.
Susta[edit]
Susta is an area under territorial dispute currently in Tribenisusta, Nepal and near Nichlaul, Uttar Pradesh, India. The area under dispute totals over 14,000 hectares (140 km2).
In total, there are 71 points along with Nepal-India border of 1,808 km where Nepal claims that India has deliberately encroached about 60,000 hectares of Nepalese land.
Former Disputes[edit]
Sri Lanka[edit]
Border Issue Resolved
Kachchatheevu[edit]
Kachchatheevu or Katchatheevu or Kachativu (Tamil: கச்சத்தீவு Kaccatīvu) (Sinhala:කච්චතීවු) is an uninhabited island of 235 acres formerly claimed by both India and Sri Lanka. The two countries recognized Sri Lankan sovereignty over the island in 1974. It has a Catholic shrine and has been declared as a sacred area by the government of Sri Lanka. In 2001, the Tamil Nadu government called for the return of the island but Mahinda Rajapaksa, former Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Minister and president of Sri Lanka, declined. He said that, `It is impossible to give it back to them as it has been recognized by the international community as an integral part of our country since it was handed over by late Indira Gandhi.'
However, the Indian government has stated that "No territory belonging to India was ceded nor sovereignty relinquished since the area was in dispute and had never been demarcated" and that the dispute on the status of the island was settled in 1974 by an agreement, and both countries took into account historical evidence and legal aspects.[5]
Bangladesh[edit]
Border Issue Resolved
South Talpatti Island[edit]
South Talpatti (as it was known in Internationally) or Bangabandhu Island (as it was known as Awami politically in Bangladesh) was a small uninhabited offshore sandbar landform in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta region. It emerged in the Bay of Bengal on the Bangladesh side of river that makes the boundary between India and Bangladesh in the aftermath of the Bhola cyclone in 1970, and disappeared before or during Cyclone Aila in 2009. In March 2010, Sugata Hazra of the School of Oceanographic Studies at Jadavpur University, Kolkatta, India, said that the island had disappeared and that sea level rise caused by climate change was a factor.[6]
Indo-Bangladesh enclaves, adverse possessions and unmarked boundaries[edit]
The enclaves or Chitmahal (Bengali: ছিটমহল) between India and Bangladesh border in the Indian state of West Bengal remained an issue between the two countries for a long time.
The enclaves were reputedly part of a high stake card or chess games centuries ago between two regional kings, the Maharaja of Cooch Behar and the Nawab of Rangpur and the result of a confused outcome of a treaty between the Kingdom of Koch Bihar and the Mughal Empire. After the partition of India in 1947, Cooch Behar district was merged with India and Rangpur went to then East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh in 1971. The prime ministers of India and Bangladesh signed a Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves and simplify the international border. In 1974 Bangladesh approved a proposed treaty, Land Boundary Agreement, to exchange all enclaves within each other's territories, but India did not ratified it. Another agreement was agreed upon in 2011 to exchange enclaves and adverse possessions. A revised version of the agreement was finally adopted by the two countries 41 years later, when the Parliament of India passed the 100th Amendment Act to the Indian Constitution on May 7, 2015.[7] Inside the main part of Bangladesh, there were 111 Indian enclaves (17,160.63 acres), while inside the main part of India, there were 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (7,110.02 acres). In respect of adverse possessions, India received 2,777.038 acres of land and transferred 2267.682 acres to Bangladesh. India ratified the agreement by constitutional amendment in May 2015.[8] Under this agreement, the enclave residents could continue to reside at their present location or move to the country of their choice.[9] [10] The adverse possession of Boraibari went to Bangladesh.[11] The unmarked borders between the nations were also finally solved regarding Daikhata-Dumabari, Muhurichar river island[12] and Pyrdiwah.[13]
See also[edit]
List of territorial disputes
External links[edit]
Disputed territories of India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Tsering Shakya (1999). The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947. Columbia University Press. pp. 279–. ISBN 978-0-231-11814-9.
Jump up ^ Guo, Rongxing (2006). Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook. Nova Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 9781600214455.
Jump up ^ Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2010). History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in South Asia / Indian Subcontinent (1656-2010): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook (illustrated ed.). Soyinfo Center. p. 952. ISBN 9781928914310.
Jump up ^ Operation Meghdoot
Jump up ^ Special Correspondent (2014-02-08). "Kachatheevu was not ceded to Sri Lanka & can't be retrieved – Government Of India". The Hindu. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
Jump up ^ Wade, Matt (March 25, 2010). "Rising sea level settles border dispute". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Constitution (119th Amendment) Bill, 2013" PRS India. Accessed 10 May 2015.[1]
Jump up ^ India (2 December 2014). "Everything you need to know: Land swap in offing with Bangladesh to end disputes". The Indian Express. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Sougata Mukhopadhyay (7 September 2011). "India-Bangladesh sign pact on border demarcation". CNN-IBN. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
Jump up ^ Special Correspondent (2015-05-07). "Parliament passes historic land accord bill to redraw border with Bangladesh". The Times Of India. Retrieved 2015-05-07.
Jump up ^ MANOJ ANAND (2015-05-08). "Bangladesh land swap deal: AGP calls bandh, says PM Modi betrayed people". The Asian Age. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
Jump up ^ Shubhajit Roy (2014-12-02). "Everything you need to know: Land swap in offing with Bangladesh to end disputes". Indian Express. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
Jump up ^ Special correspondent (2015-05-06). "Meghalaya groups flay land-swap deal". Calcutta Telegraph. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_disputed_territories_of_India&oldid=818720056"
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