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Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time (manga)
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Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time
遙かなる時空の中で ～八葉抄～
(Harukanaru Toki no Naka De ~Hachiyou Shou~)
Genre
Fantasy, romance
Manga
Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time
Written by
Tohko Mizuno
Published by
Hakusensha
English publisher
US
VIZ Media
Demographic
Shōjo
Magazine
LaLa DX
English magazine
US
Shojo Beat
Original run
July 1999 – January 2010
Volumes
17
Anime television series
Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time: A Tale of the Eight Guardians
Directed by
Aki Tsunaki
Studio
Yumeta Company
Original run
October 5, 2004 – March 29, 2005
Episodes
26 (List of episodes)
Original video animation
Harukanaru Toki no Naka de Hachiyō Shō
Directed by
Aki Tsunaki
Studio
Yumeta Company
Released
December 23, 2005 – January 27, 2006
Episodes
2
Anime film
Harukanaru Toki no Naka de: Maihitoyo
Directed by
Toshiya Shinohara
Studio
Yumeta Company
Released
August 19, 2006
Runtime
104 minutes
Anime and Manga portal
Harukanaru Toki no Naka de (遙かなる時空の中で) is a Japanese shojo manga series written by Tohko Mizuno who also worked on the video game of the same name, which was developed by Ruby Party and published by Koei. The manga was serialized in LaLa DX magazine from July 1999 to January 2010, and published by Hakusensha in 17 volumes. An English version was licensed by Viz Media under the title Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time. The storyline initially follows the characters and events from the first installment of the video game series. An anime series titled Harukanaru Toki no Naka de ~Hachiyou Shou~ (遙かなる時空の中で ～八葉抄～) was developed by Yumeta Company with Aki Tsunaki directing, with 26 episodes broadcast from October 5, 2004 to March 29, 2005. The anime received an English dub titled Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time: A Tale of the Eight Guardians.
Contents
[hide]
1 Setting
2 Plot
3 Characters
3.1 Main characters
3.1.1 The Eight Guardians
3.2 Oni Clan
3.3 Other characters
4 Media
4.1 Manga
4.2 Anime
4.3 Film
5 Reception
6 References
7 External links
Setting[edit]
Although an exact time period is not given for Akane's arrival in Heian Kyou, it seems likely that the story is set in the earlier part of the era, when families such as the Tachibana-ke, Fujiwara-ke and Minamoto-ke were all in some prominence. Though the Fujiwara-ke and Minamoto-ke continued to hold significant position through until the Genpei war, the Tachibana-ke faded out of favor during the 9th and 10th centuries. This suggests that Harukanaru Toki no Naka de is set sometime in the 9th or 10th centuries. This would also fit with later continuations of the Harukanaru Toki no Naka de plot, since Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 2 is set a century later, and features prominently once more the Fujiwara-ke and Minamoto-ke, as well as the Taira-ke. The third installment, Harukanaru Toki no Naka de 3 is set in the period of the Genpei War, which came to an end in 1185. If it can be considered that the third installment is set a century on from the second, this would indicate that the original Harukanaru Toki no Naka de storyline is most probably set in the latter half of the 10th century.
Plot[edit]
On her walk to school, ordinary Kyoto High school student Motomiya Akane hears a voice calling to her from an old well in an abandoned historical estate. The voice is that of the oni leader Akuram, and Akane finds herself summoned into another world that resembles the city of Kyoto during the Heian Period (approx. 800-1200). Here she is asked to be the Ryuujin no Miko (龍神の神子, Priestess of the Dragon God), a legendary figure who possesses the power of the gods. Akane is told that she must defend this world, called Kyou (京), from the encroachment of the Oni Clan (鬼の一族) before she can return home. Fortunately, her school friends Tenma and Shimon are on hand to help her out and along with six Kyou natives they become members of the Hachiyou (八葉, Eight Leaves), a group of specially chosen men who act as the Miko's protectors.
Characters[edit]
Main characters[edit]
Akane Motomiya (元宮あかね, Motomiya Akane)
Voiced by: Tomoko Kawakami
A modern high school girl, Akane is transported to the Heian era and recognized as the Ryuujin no Miko, or Priestess of the Dragon God. She carries the power of the Dragon God within her body such that she can purify impurities from contact. Though reluctant to use her powers as priestess, Akane is determined to do the right thing. She is innocent and kindhearted, which sometimes leads her into trouble.
The Eight Guardians[edit]
Minamoto no Yorihisa (源頼久)
Voiced by: Shin-ichiro Miki
One of Princess Fuji's bodyguards, who comes to protect Akane as well. He becomes one of the Eight Guardians, as Seiryū of Heaven (天の青龍). He is the strong, silent type and will do anything his mistress asks of him.
Tenma Morimura (森村天真, Morimura Tenma)
Voiced by: Tomokazu Seki
A little bit of a tough guy, Tenma is Akane's close friend from school. He is one of the Eight Guardians, as Seiryū of Earth (地の青龍). He cares deeply for Akane and loves her, but doesn't really show it in the beginning. As the series progresses, he begins to reveal his feelings. He has a sister named Ran, who disappeared under mysterious circumstances.
Inori (イノリ)
Voiced by: Naozumi Takahashi
A hotheaded young man whose one goal in life is to destroy demons for ruining his and his sister's lives. He is Suzaku of Heaven (天の朱雀), one of the Eight Guardians.
Shimon Nagareyama (流山詩紋, Nagareyama Shimon)
Voiced by: Kouki Miyata
One of Akane's good friends from school, Shimon is a smart, cute, and very loyal. Along with Akane and Tenma, he is transported to the Heian era. Besides confused as an oni at first, having traits such as blond hair and blue eyes, he is recognized as one of the Eight Guardians, Suzaku of Earth (地の朱雀).
Fujiwara no Takamichi (藤原鷹通)
Voiced by: Shigeru Nakahara
Hardworking, studious, and chivalrous to all women, Takamichi works in the palace archives in Kyou. He becomes one of the Eight Guardians, as Byakko of Heaven (天の白虎).
Tachibana no Tomomasa (橘友雅)
Voiced by: Kazuhiko Inoue
Tomomasa is a general in Kyou, known for being flirtatious, nonchalant, and popular with the ladies. He is one of the last to become a Guardian, as Byakko of Earth (地の白虎).
Eisen (永泉)
Voiced by: Soichiro Hoshi
Eisen is the younger brother of the current emperor of Kyou. Though he had been eligible to inherit the throne, Eisen gave up his position to become a monk. He is an accomplished musician and is a sweet, thoughtful, timid man. Eisen fell deeply in love with Akane when they first met, and is willing to sacrifice his life for her safety. He is Genbu of Heaven (天の玄武), one of the Eight Guardians.
Abe no Yasuaki (安倍泰明)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
A cool,intense guy and one of the Eight Guardians as Genbu of Earth (地の玄武), Yasuaki is a gifted apprentice to the famous sorcerer Abe no Seimei. Despite his expressionless exterior, Yasuaki is childlike in the sense he doesn't quite understand emotions; He even shed tears with a blank face when Akane was upset with him on one occasion. He holds Akane with high regard, and develops a certain fondness for her.
Oni Clan[edit]
Akuram (アクラム)
Voiced by: Ryoutarou Okiayu
The leader of the Oni Clan, who summoned Akane to Kyou in order to utilize her power to gain full domination over the city. Akuram is said to be the most powerful of recent leaders of the Oni Clan, and his power stretches to such a level that even his close associates aren't sure how to deal with it. Akuram inherited the mask of the Oni Clan, allowing him to lead them, because he had the greatest potential to do so as a young boy. Even now he is still young despite his position. On one occasion the mask is shattered, breaking his spell and forcing him to retreat, and it seems that the mask itself is a way of focusing the magic of the Oni.
Akuram's motivation is not always clear. Sometimes it appears that he simply wants to dominate all of Kyou, however on occasion he suggests that part of his motivation is revenge for the deaths of many of his kinsfolk over the past generations of conflict between the Oni and the people of Kyou. His interest in Akane seems to be predominately a matter of obtaining power, although he often refers to her as 'his' Miko, and gets quite angry when any of his subordinates bring harm to her without his permission.
Ikutidaru (イクティダール)
Voiced by: Koji Ishii
Ikutidaru is Akuram's right hand man and probably the oldest of the surviving oni. Of all of the oni clan he has the greatest sense of conscience, and is often torn between his loyalty to his people and his love for Inori's older sister Seri. In the anime, he once disobeyed Akuram and had his eye removed as punishment for the crime (although in the manga it is not yet explained how he came to lose his eye). Despite the fact he does not always agree with the things Akuram orders, he often carries them out with resolute seriousness, even though at times it makes Kyou's predicament worse. He has a strongly protective - almost paternal - instinct where Sefuru is concerned (although Sefuru is rarely appreciative of that fact). In the ongoing manga, Ikutidaru is currently working with Akane and Yorihisa against Akuram as they try to break the curse Akuram has placed over them. His defection was inspired largely by the way in which Sefuru was injured by Akuram when he was discarded.[1]
Shirin (シリン)
Voiced by: Maria Kawamura
The only female among the surviving members of the Oni Clan, Shirin holds a strong affection for Akuram which will allow her to do pretty much anything he tells her to do. She is very jealous of Akane because of Akuram's interest in her, and on one occasion goes behind Akuram's back and assaults the Miko because of this jealousy. Akuram seems to have no affection for her, discarding her from the clan towards the end, however in the anime conclusion Shirin offers to exchange her life for Akane's in order to be with Akuram in the afterlife. Although this ending only occurred in the anime, not in the manga. Shirin's key power is the ability to use her beauty to seduce and then manipulate the actions of men, and therefore she is angered by Takamichi who refuses to submit to her seduction spell. She and Takamichi maintain a chemistry throughout the story on account of this, with Takamichi once saving her life despite her attempts to kill him. Shirin's physical attacks often involve a rose, whose vines and thorns she can manipulate at will.
Sefuru (セフル)
Voiced by: Yuu Asakawa
Sefuru is the youngest surviving Oni, probably no more than fourteen or fifteen years old. He is technically half and half, since his mother was a normal resident of Kyou. Sefuru is bitter and hates the people of Kyou because his mother abandoned him based on his appearance when he was just a small child. It was at this time that Akuram took him in and began to train him to use him for his own purpose. For this reason, despite his half blood, Sefuru has been accepted as an Oni by the rest of the clan. However, he has a deep rooted fear of being abandoned and alone again, which often drives him to desperate acts. At one point he befriends Shimon, thinking that he's an Oni in the same situation, though he becomes indignant when he thinks that Shimon has betrayed the Oni by joining up with people in the city and is even more perturbed when he discovers that Shimon is one of the Hachiyou. Despite his aggression, however, Shimon is sure that Sefuru is more hurt than anyone by the encounter, and refuses to bear him a grudge. In the end, Sefuru is shown with Ikutidaru, Seri and their new baby, indicating that his hatred is based in his loneliness, and all he really needed was a proper place to belong. In the manga, which is still ongoing, Sefuru is discarded by Akuram and taken in in his injured state by Inori's sister Seri on Ikutidaru's request.[2]
Morimura Ran (森村蘭)
Voiced by: Hoko Kuwashima
Technically not a blood member of the oni clan, Ran is actually Tenma's long lost sister from modern day Kyouto. She was summoned into Kyou by Akuram some time earlier, but was too frightened to be able to connect with Ryuujin and become Ryuujin no Miko. In her despair, she reached out instead to the black dragon Kokuryuu (黒龍) and became engulfed by its power, erasing her memories of her past life and putting her under Akuram's control. Ran continues to battle with her alter-ego throughout both manga and anime, though perhaps more significantly in the manga. Probably on account of her association with the oni clan, Ran's name is also occasionally written in Katakana as 「ラン」 and features this way on the anime credits. However, in the manga it is given in kanji, as shown above.
Other characters[edit]
Fuji-hime (藤姫)
Voiced by: Ikue Otani
The descendant of the Star Clan (星の一族) who assists the Ryūjin no Miko. She looks very young, and is in fact only ten years old, but she's also very wise for her age. She is the daughter of the Minister of the Left, an important ranking figure at the imperial court, and therefore speaks very formally at all times. The 'hime' in her name indicates that she is the daughter of a wealthy and influential individual. She is the first person Akane meets when she enters Kyou, appearing as she does in the Star Clan's mansion house.
Kotengu (小天狗)
Voiced by: Junko Shimakata
Kotengu (literally, "little tengu[3]") is the nickname given to the Tengu of Mount Funaoka (船岡山｜Funaoka-zan), one of the northern mountains around Kyou. Although originally a fearsome creature, Kotengu's power was sealed by Yasuaki and he was confined to a miniature form in which he could not do any magic (but plenty of eating and complaining). He is semi-adopted by Akane and the Hachiyou and although he is constantly threatening revenge against Yasuaki, he settles down to often run errands for the group. In the anime, Kotengu's magic is unsealed by Yasuaki to let him fight against the possessed Byakko, and though defeated, he survives the encounter and returns to his miniature form at the end of the series.[4] In the manga, his fate is more decisive. It appears that he was killed after a similar battle with Ikutidaru, in which Eisen mistakenly prevented Kotengu from attacking the oni, therefore leaving him defenseless.[5]
Seri (セリ)
Voiced by: Aya Hisakawa
Inori's sister, who is in love with Ikutidaru despite knowing that he is a member of the oni tribe. Seri is weak physically, but mentally very strong. It is hinted (though not openly said) at several points in the anime that Seri is pregnant with Ikutidaru's child - and at the close of the anime it is shown that they have a newborn baby.[6] In the manga, Seri is shown as a very sympathetic person who, despite her own weak health, has been secretly nursing the injured Sefuru on Ikutidaru's request.[7]
Kyou no Mikado (京の帝)
Eisen's older brother and the current ruler of Kyou. A well-reasoned man, the Emperor is usually calm and composed even in the face of his subjects' panic about the future of the city. Although his position means that certain formalities must be observed, the Emperor is very close to his young brother and seeks to protect him, as he feels it's somewhat his fault that Eisen has been driven to hide himself in a religious life. He is also close friends with Tomomasa as far as their difference in status allows, and occasionally they can be found sharing a joke at Eisen's expense. Though he takes an active interest in Ryuujin no Miko's progress, the Emperor is entirely detached from her activities and often wishes he could be more involved in saving his people from harm. His name is never given - and even by Eisen he is only referred to as either 'okami' (a formal manner of addressing a King) or 'aniue' (a polite term for older brother). Other cast members refer to him as 'mikado' or 'okami'.
Minamoto no Sanehisa (源実久)
Voiced by: Horiuchi Kenyuu
Yorihisa's elder brother, who is deceased by the time Akane arrives in Kyou. There is a significant age gap between Yorihisa and Sanehisa and it appears that Sanehisa was largely involved in Yorihisa's training and his upbringing. The way in which Sanehisa's role in proceedings is portrayed varies from anime to manga, although he appears in flashback quite often when a situation relates closely to Yorihisa (for example his memories of the Nue). In the anime, Yorihisa and Tenma both receive a brief dream message from Sanehisa telling them to go East to find the Eastern Seal. This is then followed by a scenario surreally sinister to the events that led up to Sanehisa's death, for which Yorihisa holds himself responsible.[8] By defending Tenma in a similar way to how Sanehisa defended him, Yorihisa feels he has somewhat 'atoned' and can at last share the story with his companions (Akane and later Tenma[9]). In the manga, Yorihisa is afraid to face Sanehisa and receive the dream message because he feels to blame for Sanehisa's death, which is recounted as happening the same way as the anime depicts.[10]
Unlike Yorihisa, who is generally quite serious and focused in how he deals with situations, Sanehisa is a lot more light-hearted and is willing to tease both Akane and Yorihisa in the manga when he visits them in dreams. It is clear that he and Yorihisa shared a close bond and that he does not hold his brother responsible for his death - rather he sacrificed his life to ensure that Yorihisa survived.
Though Sanehisa's name appears briefly in the anime, it is screamed rather than spoken, thus causing it to have been mis-heard and mis-written as a result. However on both anime credits and in the manga it is written as above, with the reading as given.
Media[edit]
Manga[edit]
The manga was done by Mizuno. It was serialized in LaLa DX magazine from July 1999 to January 2010, and published by Hakusensha in 17 volumes. An English version was licensed by Viz Media under the title Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time.
Anime[edit]
Main article: List of Harukanaru Toki no Naka de Hachiyō Shō episodes
An anime television series titled Harukanaru Toki no Naka de ~ Hachiyou Shou~ (遙かなる時空の中で ～八葉抄～) was developed by Yumeta Company with Aki Tsunaki directing, with 26 episodes broadcast from October 5, 2004 to March 29, 2005. The twenty-six episode anime series was licensed in English by Bandai Visual and released in a series of nine DVD volumes under the title Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time – A Tale of the Eight Guardians. A new volume was released monthly with the first volume being released April 22, 2008 and the final volume January 13, 2009.[11] The final volume of the DVD featured omake optional endings for each of the characters. This was so that, in keeping with the game's Neoromance theme, viewers could choose for themselves which of the Hachiyou Akane liked the best.
Two OVA episodes were released as part of the anime series. Ten - Kokoro no yukue (天 - 心の行方, Heaven – Destination of the Heart) was released on December 23, 2005, and Chi - Omoi no ariko (地 - 想いの在処, Earth - Where the Heart Lies) was released on January 27, 2006. The Ten and Chi OVAs feature the characters from the anime, but its storyline is not based on the manga.
Film[edit]
An anime feature film, titled Harukanaru Toki no Naka de - Maihitoyo (遙かなる時空の中で ～舞一夜～) was produced and released in Japan August 19, 2006.
Reception[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2013)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ LalaDX September 2007 onwards manga chapters
Jump up ^ LalaDX September/November 2007 Harukanaru Toki no Naka De manga chapters
Jump up ^ Haruka -Beyond the Stream of Time- A Tale of the eight guardians OFFICIAL WEBSITE Archived 2008-03-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Hachiyou Shou Episode 24, 26
Jump up ^ Harukanaru Toki no Naka De Manga Volume 10
Jump up ^ Hachiyou Shou Episode 26
Jump up ^ LaLaDX September 2007 manga chapters
Jump up ^ Harukanaru Toki no Naka De Hachiyou Shou Episode 16
Jump up ^ Harukanaru Toki no Naka De Hachiyou Shou Episode 19
Jump up ^ Harukanaru Toki no Naka De manga volume 12
Jump up ^ "Bandai Visual USA Announces Release of Anime Based on Popular Shōjo Game Franchise" (pdf) (Press release). Bandai Visual. 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2008-01-15. [permanent dead link]
J!-ENT interview with "HARUKA" director Tsunaki Aki (4/2008) By Dennis A. Amith and Michelle Tymon [j-ent]
External links[edit]
Neoromance official site
Anime official website at TV Tokyo (in Japanese)
Haruka: Beyond the Stream of Time (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
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2018 Daytona 500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2018 Daytona 500
Race details[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Race 1 of 36 in the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Date
February 18, 2018 (2018-02-18)
Location
Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida
Course
Permanent racing facility
2.5 mi (4 km)
Distance
207 laps, 517.5 mi (828 km)
Scheduled Distance
200 laps, 500 mi (800 km)
Average speed
150.545 mph (242.279 km/h)
Pole position
Driver
Alex Bowman
Hendrick Motorsports
Time
46.002
Qualifying race winners
Duel 1 Winner
Ryan Blaney Team Penske
Duel 2 Winner
Chase Elliott Hendrick Motorsports
Most laps led
Driver
Ryan Blaney Team Penske
Laps
118
Winner
No. 3
Austin Dillon Richard Childress Racing
Television in the United States
Network
Fox
Announcers
Mike Joy, Jeff Gordon and Darrell Waltrip
Nielsen Ratings
5.3/12 (Overnight)[14]
Radio in the United States
Radio
MRN
Booth Announcers
Joe Moore, Jeff Striegle and Rusty Wallace
Turn Announcers
Dave Moody (1 & 2), Mike Bagley (Backstretch) and Kyle Rickey (3 & 4)
The 2018 Daytona 500, the 60th running of the event, was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 18, 2018, contested over 207 laps—extended from 200 laps due to an overtime finish—on the 2.5-mile (4.0 km) asphalt superspeedway. It was the first race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Report
1.1 Background
1.2 Notes
1.3 Entry list
2 Practice
2.1 First practice (February 10)
2.2 Second practice (February 10)
3 Qualifying
3.1 Qualifying results
4 Can-Am Duels
4.1 Duel 1
4.1.1 Duel 1 results
4.2 Duel 2
4.2.1 Duel 2 results
4.3 Starting lineup
5 Practice (post–Duels)
5.1 Third practice (February 16)
5.2 Fourth practice (February 16)
5.3 Final practice (February 17)
6 Race
6.1 Stage 1
6.1.1 Start
6.2 Stage 2
6.3 Final stage
6.4 Overtime
6.4.1 Post race
6.5 Racing statistics
7 Media
7.1 Television
7.2 Radio
8 Standings after the race
9 Notes
10 References
Report[edit]
Background[edit]
Daytona International Speedway, the track where the race was held
Daytona International Speedway is one of six superspeedways to hold NASCAR races, the others being Michigan International Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Pocono Raceway and Talladega Superspeedway.[15] The standard track at Daytona International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long.[16] The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees.[16]
Notes[edit]
This was the first Daytona 500 race since 1982 where none of the cars were sponsored by beer companies (Kevin Harvick and Brad Keselowski, sponsored by Anheuser-Busch InBev and MillerCoors, respectively, were instead sponsored by Jimmy John's and Discount Tire for the race).[17] Also this Daytona 500 saw an strange sight of only 40 cars (The maximum field and no extra cars) entering the race, thus making no teams in a “go or go home” position for the first time.
Entry list[edit]
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
00 Jeffrey Earnhardt StarCom Racing Chevrolet
1 Jamie McMurray Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet
2 Brad Keselowski Team Penske Ford
3 Austin Dillon Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet
4 Kevin Harvick Stewart-Haas Racing Ford
6 Trevor Bayne Roush Fenway Racing Ford
7 Danica Patrick Premium Motorsports Chevrolet
9 Chase Elliott Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet
10 Aric Almirola Stewart-Haas Racing Ford
11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota
12 Ryan Blaney Team Penske Ford
13 Ty Dillon Germain Racing Chevrolet
14 Clint Bowyer Stewart-Haas Racing Ford
17 Ricky Stenhouse Jr. Roush Fenway Racing Ford
18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota
19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota
20 Erik Jones Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota
21 Paul Menard Wood Brothers Racing Ford
22 Joey Logano Team Penske Ford
23 Gray Gaulding BK Racing Toyota
24 William Byron (R) Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet
31 Ryan Newman Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet
32 Matt DiBenedetto Go Fas Racing Ford
34 Michael McDowell Front Row Motorsports Ford
37 Chris Buescher JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet
38 David Ragan Front Row Motorsports Ford
41 Kurt Busch Stewart-Haas Racing Ford
42 Kyle Larson Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet
43 Darrell Wallace Jr. (R) Richard Petty Motorsports Chevrolet
47 A. J. Allmendinger JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet
48 Jimmie Johnson Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet
51 Justin Marks (i) Rick Ware Racing Chevrolet
62 Brendan Gaughan Beard Motorsports Chevrolet
66 Mark Thompson MBM Motorsports Ford
72 Corey LaJoie TriStar Motorsports Chevrolet
78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota
88 Alex Bowman Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet
92 David Gilliland (i) RBR Enterprises Ford
95 Kasey Kahne Leavine Family Racing Chevrolet
96 D. J. Kennington Gaunt Brothers Racing Toyota
Official entry list
(R) Denotes Rookie of the Year candidate.
(i) Denotes driver has declared for another NASCAR national touring series championship and is thus ineligible for Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series championship points.
Practice[edit]
First practice (February 10)[edit]
Kyle Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 45.058 seconds and a speed of 199.743 mph (321.455 km/h).[18]
Pos
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Time
Speed
1
18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 45.058 199.743
2
11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 45.085 199.623
3
19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 45.088 199.610
Official first practice results
Second practice (February 10)[edit]
William Byron was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 44.625 seconds and a speed of 201.681 mph (324.574 km/h).[19]
Pos
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Time
Speed
1
24 William Byron (R) Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 44.625 201.681
2
17 Ricky Stenhouse Jr. Roush Fenway Racing Ford 44.632 201.649
3
22 Joey Logano Team Penske Ford 44.641 201.608
Official second practice results
Qualifying[edit]
Alex Bowman scored the pole for the race with a time of 46.002 and a speed of 195.644 mph (314.858 km/h).[20]
Qualifying results[edit]
Pos
No
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
R1
R2
1 (1) 88 Alex Bowman Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 46.181 46.002
2 (2) 11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 46.201 46.132
3 (1) 48 Jimmie Johnson Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 46.420 46.217
4 (2) 18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 46.366 46.224
5 (1) 24 William Byron (R) Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 46.328 46.261
6 (2) 20 Erik Jones Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 46.513 46.279
7 (1) 19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 46.412 46.280
8 (2) 4 Kevin Harvick Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 46.420 46.281
9 (1) 17 Ricky Stenhouse Jr. Roush Fenway Racing Ford 46.313 46.381
10 (2) 9 Chase Elliott Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 46.534 46.413
11 (1) 22 Joey Logano Team Penske Ford 46.422 46.437
12 (2) 21 Paul Menard Wood Brothers Racing Ford 46.470 46.584
13 (1) 10 Aric Almirola Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 46.539 —
14 (2) 3 Austin Dillon Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 46.546 —
15 (1) 12 Ryan Blaney Team Penske Ford 46.577 —
16 (2) 14 Clint Bowyer Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 46.658 —
17 (1) 41 Kurt Busch Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 46.678 —
18 (2) 95 Kasey Kahne Leavine Family Racing Chevrolet 46.694 —
19 (1) 2 Brad Keselowski Team Penske Ford 46.698 —
20 (2) 6 Trevor Bayne Roush Fenway Racing Ford 46.781 —
21 (1) 31 Ryan Newman Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 46.816 —
22 (2) 42 Kyle Larson Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet 46.817 —
23 (1) 1 Jamie McMurray Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet 46.836 —
24 (2) 34 Michael McDowell Front Row Motorsports Ford 46.899 —
25 (1) 43 Darrell Wallace Jr. (R) Richard Petty Motorsports Chevrolet 46.938 —
26 (2) 78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota 47.002 —
27 (1) 13 Ty Dillon Germain Racing Chevrolet 47.074 —
28 (2) 7 Danica Patrick Premium Motorsports Chevrolet 47.081 —
29 (1) 37 Chris Buescher JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 47.095 —
30 (2) 47 A. J. Allmendinger JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 47.144 —
31 (1) 62 Brendan Gaughan Beard Motorsports Chevrolet 47.398 —
32 (1) 51 Justin Marks (i) Premium Motorsports Chevrolet 47.464 —
33 (2) 32 Matt DiBenedetto Go Fas Racing Ford 47.675 —
34 (2) 96 D. J. Kennington Gaunt Brothers Racing Toyota 47.848 —
35 (1) 00 Jeffrey Earnhardt StarCom Racing Chevrolet 47.866 —
36 (1) 92 David Gilliland (i) RBR Enterprises Ford 47.884 —
37 (2) 66 Mark Thompson MBM Motorsports Ford 48.267 —
38 (2) 72 Corey LaJoie TriStar Motorsports Chevrolet 48.372 —
39 (2) 23 Gray Gaulding BK Racing Toyota 0.000 —
40 (1) 38 David Ragan Front Row Motorsports Ford 0.000 —
Official qualifying results
Can-Am Duels[edit]
See also: 2018 Can-Am Duels
The Can-Am Duels are a pair of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races held in conjunction with the Daytona 500 annually in February at Daytona International Speedway. They consist of two races 60 laps and 150 miles (240 km) in length, which serve as heat races that set the lineup for the Daytona 500. Both races sets the lineup for positions 3–32. The first race sets the lineup for cars that qualified in odd–numbered positions on pole qualifying day. The second race sets the lineup for cars that qualified in even–numbered positions. Positions 33–36 are filled by the four drivers that posted the fastest lap in pole qualifying that didn't lock in a position in the Duel's. Positions 37–40 are set by the four cars highest in the 2017 owner's points that didn't lock in a position in the Duels and weren't among the cars that posted the four fastest timed laps in pole qualifying.
Duel 1[edit]
Duel 1 results[edit]
Pos
Grid
No
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Laps
1 8 12 Ryan Blaney Team Penske Ford 63
2 6 22 Joey Logano Team Penske Ford 63
3 13 43 Darrell Wallace Jr. (R) Richard Petty Motorsports Chevrolet 63
4 5 17 Ricky Stenhouse Jr. Roush Fenway Racing Ford 63
5 9 41 Kurt Busch Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 63
6 11 31 Ryan Newman Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 63
7 20 38 David Ragan Front Row Motorsports Ford 63
8 4 19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 63
9 12 1 Jamie McMurray Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet 63
10 15 37 Chris Buescher JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 63
11 14 13 Ty Dillon Germain Racing Chevrolet 63
12 16 62 Brendan Gaughan Beard Motorsports Chevrolet 63
13 18 00 Jeffrey Earnhardt StarCom Racing Chevrolet 63
14 1 88 Alex Bowman Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 63
15 17 51 Justin Marks (i) Rick Ware Racing Chevrolet 63
16 10 2 Brad Keselowski Team Penske Ford 57
17 19 92 David Gilliland (i) RBR Enterprises Ford 47
18 3 24 William Byron (R) Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 38
19 2 48 Jimmie Johnson Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 8
20 7 10 Aric Almirola Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 8
Official race results
Duel 2[edit]
Duel 2 results[edit]
Pos
Grid
No
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Laps
1 5 9 Chase Elliott Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 60
2 4 4 Kevin Harvick Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 60
3 3 20 Erik Jones Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 60
4 8 14 Clint Bowyer Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 60
5 2 18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 60
6 7 3 Austin Dillon Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 60
7 6 21 Paul Menard Wood Brothers Racing Ford 60
8 10 6 Trevor Bayne Roush Fenway Racing Ford 60
9 1 11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 60
10 15 47 A. J. Allmendinger JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 60
11 12 34 Michael McDowell Front Row Motorsports Ford 60
12 13 78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota 60
13 9 95 Kasey Kahne Leavine Family Racing Chevrolet 60
14 14 7 Danica Patrick Premium Motorsports Chevrolet 60
15 17 96 D. J. Kennington Gaunt Brothers Racing Toyota 58
16 19 72 Corey LaJoie TriStar Motorsports Chevrolet 58
17 20 23 Gray Gaulding BK Racing Toyota 55
18 18 66 Mark Thompson MBM Motorsports Ford 32
19 16 32 Matt DiBenedetto Go Fas Racing Ford 11
20 11 42 Kyle Larson Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet 11
Official race results
Starting lineup[edit]
Pos
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Notes
1 88 Alex Bowman Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet Fastest in pole qualifying
2 11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota Second in pole qualifying
3 12 Ryan Blaney Team Penske Ford Duel race #1 winner
4 9 Chase Elliott Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet Duel race #2 winner
5 22 Joey Logano Team Penske Ford Second in Duel 1
6 4 Kevin Harvick Stewart-Haas Racing Ford Second in Duel 2
7 43 Darrell Wallace Jr. (R) Richard Petty Motorsports Chevrolet Third in Duel 1
8 20 Erik Jones Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota Third in Duel 2
9 17 Ricky Stenhouse Jr. Roush Fenway Racing Ford Fourth in Duel 1
10 14 Clint Bowyer Stewart-Haas Racing Ford Fourth in Duel 2
11 41 Kurt Busch Stewart-Haas Racing Ford Fifth in Duel 1
12 18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota Fifth in Duel 2
13 31 Ryan Newman Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet Sixth in Duel 1
14 3 Austin Dillon Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet Sixth in Duel 2
15 38 David Ragan Front Row Motorsports Ford Seventh in Duel 1
16 21 Paul Menard Wood Brothers Racing Ford Seventh in Duel 2
17 19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota Eighth in Duel 1
18 6 Trevor Bayne Roush Fenway Racing Ford Eighth in Duel 2
19 1 Jamie McMurray Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet Ninth in Duel 1
20 47 A. J. Allmendinger JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 10th in Duel 2
21 37 Chris Buescher JTG Daugherty Racing Chevrolet 10th in Duel 1
22 34 Michael McDowell Front Row Motorsports Ford 11th in Duel 2
23 13 Ty Dillon Germain Racing Chevrolet 11th in Duel 1
24 78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota 12th in Duel 2
25 62 Brendan Gaughan Beard Motorsports Chevrolet 12th in Duel 1
26 95 Kasey Kahne Leavine Family Racing Chevrolet 13th in Duel 2
27 00 Jeffrey Earnhardt StarCom Racing Chevrolet 13th in Duel 1
28 7 Danica Patrick Premium Motorsports Chevrolet 14th in Duel 2
29 51 Justin Marks (i) Rick Ware Racing Chevrolet 15th in Duel 1
30 96 D. J. Kennington Gaunt Brothers Racing Toyota 15th in Duel 2
31 2 Brad Keselowski Team Penske Ford 16th in Duel 1
32 72 Corey LaJoie TriStar Motorsports Chevrolet 16th in Duel 2
33 24 William Byron (R) Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 18th in Duel 1
34 23 Gray Gaulding BK Racing Toyota 17th in Duel 2
35 48 Jimmie Johnson Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 19th in Duel 1
36 32 Matt DiBenedetto Go Fas Racing Ford 19th in Duel 2
37 10 Aric Almirola Stewart-Haas Racing Ford 20th in Duel 1
38 42 Kyle Larson Chip Ganassi Racing Chevrolet 20th in Duel 2
39 92 David Gilliland (i) RBR Enterprises Ford Qualifying speed
40 66 Mark Thompson MBM Motorsports Ford Qualifying speed
Official starting lineup
Practice (post–Duels)[edit]
Third practice (February 16)[edit]
Daniel Suárez was the fastest in the third practice session with a time of 45.036 seconds and a speed of 199.840 mph (321.611 km/h).[21]
Pos
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Time
Speed
1
19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 45.036 199.840
2
11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 45.058 199.743
3
78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota 45.069 199.694
Official third practice results
Fourth practice (February 16)[edit]
Daniel Suárez was the fastest in the fourth practice session with a time of 44.296 seconds and a speed of 203.179 mph (326.985 km/h).[22]
Pos
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Time
Speed
1
19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 44.296 203.179
2
31 Ryan Newman Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 44.347 202.945
3
34 Michael McDowell Front Row Motorsports Ford 44.364 202.867
Official fourth practice results
Final practice (February 17)[edit]
Darrell Wallace Jr. was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 45.696 seconds and a speed of 196.954 mph (316.967 km/h).[23]
Pos
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Time
Speed
1
43 Darrell Wallace Jr. (R) Richard Petty Motorsports Chevrolet 45.696 196.954
2
19 Daniel Suárez Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 45.795 196.528
3
31 Ryan Newman Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 45.810 196.464
Official final practice results
Race[edit]
Stage 1[edit]
Start[edit]
The 61st running of the Daytona 500 began with Alex Bowman leading the field to the green flag, Denny Hamlin took the lead on lap 1 and led 10 laps, The first caution of the race came out on lap 9 when Corey LaJoie blew an engine in Turn 2, Hamlin's car was penalized one lap for pitting outside the box prior to the caution.
Racing resumed on lap 13, Kyle Busch's car went flat on lap 30, and he dropped from 5th to 38th to get his tire fixed, and the second caution came out on lap 52 for a three-car wreck in turn 3, Kyle Busch spun out prior to the same time his tire went flat, The first ten cars did not opt to pit, waiting instead for the end of stage 1.
Back to green on lap 56, and the third caution came out five laps later for a huge crash on the back straightaway, 2017 Daytona 500 winner Kurt Busch won the first stage, but he missed his pit box and was penalized, A total of nine cars was involved in the melee including William Byron, Erik Jones, Ty Dillon, Daniel Suárez, Jimmie Johnson, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., Ryan Blaney, Martin Truex Jr., and Kyle Larson, A total of four cars were out of the race, including Jimmie Johnson, Daniel Suárez, Erik Jones and Ty Dillon.[24]
Stage 2[edit]
Racing restarted on lap 67, Ryan Blaney assumed the lead on lap 68 and led 26 laps, Paul Menard took the lead from Blaney on lap 94 and led one lap, Debris on the back straightaway brought out the fourth caution of the race on lap 94, from William Byron's car, Martin Truex Jr. chose not to pit and he took the lead a lap later.
Racing resumed on lap 97 and the fifth caution of the race came out for a seven-car wreck in turn 3 involving Chase Elliott, Danica Patrick, Kevin Harvick, David Ragan, Martin Truex Jr., Brad Keselowski, and Kasey Kahne, A total of eleven cars was out of the race.
Restart flew with 92 to go, Ryan Blaney won the second stage and collected ten points prior to winning the stage as caution #6 flew with 78 to go for conclusion of the second stage.
Final stage[edit]
Back to the green flag with 73 to go, Denny Hamlin took the lead with 28 to go and led 3 laps, and Ryan Blaney assumed the lead with 26 to go and led 26 laps. Caution flew for the seventh time with 9 to go for a single-car spin as William Byron spun out into turn 2, Joey Logano won the free pass under caution.
Racing resumed with 6 to go and a major multi-car wreck brought out the eighth caution of the race, on the final lap, 2017 Daytona 500 winner Kurt Busch tried to pass Denny Hamlin but contact behind him triggered the melee, A total of twelve cars were involved were Kurt Busch, Martin Truex Jr., Matt DiBenedetto, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., Ryan Blaney, Alex Bowman, Ryan Newman, Joey Logano, Darrell Wallace Jr., Jeffrey Earnhardt, Brendan Gaughan, and A. J. Allmendinger. The multi-car wreck sent the race into overtime.
Overtime[edit]
The race resumed on lap 205 of 200 advertised, for a 2-lap NASCAR Overtime. Aric Almirola was leading at the white flag, but a mistimed block on the superstretch forced Austin Dillon to drive into his right-rear corner and turn Almirola into the wall. Dillon drove on and scored his second career NASCAR Monster Energy Cup Series victory along with Dillon’s first career Daytona 500 victory, 20 years after Dale Earnhardt won the 1998 Daytona 500 in the same seat.[25]
Post race[edit]
"I did what I had to do in the end; I hated for Aric Almirola's team" said Dillon, after a series of burnouts. This was in reference to contact between the two on the final lap.
Racing statistics[edit]
24 lead changes among 14 drivers
8 cautions for 37 laps
Time of race: 3 hours, 26 minutes and 58 seconds
Average speed: 150.551 miles per hour (242.288 km/h)
Margin of victory: 0.260 seconds
Media[edit]
Television[edit]
See also: NASCAR on television and radio § Beyond the United States
Since 2001—with the exception of 2002, 2004 and 2006—the Daytona 500 has been carried by Fox in the United States. The booth crew consisted of longtime NASCAR lap-by-lap announcer Mike Joy, three–time Daytona 500 champion Jeff Gordon, and 1989 race winner Darrell Waltrip. Pit road was manned by Jamie Little, Regan Smith, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum.
Fox Television
Booth announcers
Pit reporters
Lap-by-lap: Mike Joy
Color-commentator: Jeff Gordon
Color commentator: Darrell Waltrip Jamie Little
Regan Smith
Vince Welch
Matt Yocum
Radio[edit]
The race was broadcast on radio by the Motor Racing Network—who has covered the Daytona 500 since 1970—and simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. The booth crew consisted of longtime announcer Joe Moore, Jeff Striegle and 1989 Cup Series champion Rusty Wallace. Longtime turn announcer – and prodigy of MRN co-founder Ken Squier – Dave Moody was the lead turn announcer. He called the Daytona 500 from atop the Sunoco tower outside the exit of turn 2 when the field was racing through turns 1 and 2. Mike Bagley worked the backstretch for the Daytona 500 from a spotter's stand on the inside of the track. Kyle Rickey called the Daytona 500 when the field was racing through turns 3 and 4 from the Sunoco tower outside the exit of turn 4. On pit road, MRN was manned by lead pit reporter and NASCAR Hall of Fame Executive Director Winston Kelley. He was joined on pit road by Steve Post, Kim Coon and Alex Hayden.
MRN Radio
Booth announcers
Turn announcers
Pit reporters
Lead announcer: Joe Moore
Announcer: Jeff Striegle
Announcer: Rusty Wallace Turns 1 & 2: Dave Moody
Backstretch: Mike Bagley
Turns 3 & 4: Kyle Rickey Alex Hayden
Winston Kelley
Kim Coon
Steve Post
Standings after the race[edit]
Drivers' Championship standings
Pos
Driver
Points
1 Ryan Blaney 48
2 Austin Dillon 42 (–6)
3 Paul Menard 42 (–6)
4 Joey Logano 41 (–7)
5 Darrell Wallace Jr. 39 (–9)
6 Michael McDowell 39 (–9)
7 Denny Hamlin 35 (–13)
8 Aric Almirola 33 (–15)
9 Chris Buescher 32 (–16)
10 Martin Truex Jr. 30 (–18)
11 Ryan Newman 29 (–19)
12 Alex Bowman 29 (–19)
13 Trevor Bayne 28 (–20)
14 A. J. Allmendinger 27 (–21)
15 Clint Bowyer 22 (–26)
16 Jamie McMurray 21 (–27)
Official driver's standings
Manufacturers' Championship standings
Pos
Manufacturer
Points
1 Chevrolet 40
2 Toyota 34 (–6)
3 Ford 33 (–7)
Official manufacturers' standings
Note: Only the first 16 positions are included for the driver standings.
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "2018 schedule". Jayski.com. Jayski's Silly Season Site. May 5, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Daytona International Speedway". NASCAR.com. NASCAR Media Group, LLC. January 3, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Entry List". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "First Practice Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Second Practice Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Qualifying Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 11, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Starting Lineup". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 11, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Third Practice Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Fourth Practice Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Final Practice Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Daytona 500 Results". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Points standings" (PDF). Jayski.com. Jayski's Silly Season Site. February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Manufacturer standings" (PDF). Jayski.com. Jayski's Silly Season Site. February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Daytona 500 TV ratings". Jayski's Silly Season Site. ESPN. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "NASCAR Race Tracks". NASCAR. NASCAR Media Group. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "NASCAR Tracks — The Daytona International Speedway". Speedway Guide. Archived from the original on August 30, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "There will be no beer-sponsored cars in the 2018 Daytona 500". Retrieved 18 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Lee (February 10, 2018). "Daytona 500: Kyle Busch tops opening practice session". Motorsport.com. Daytona Beach, Florida: Motorsport Network. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Lee (February 10, 2018). "Daytona 500: William Byron leads eventful pre-qualifying practice". Motorsport.com. Daytona Beach, Florida: Motorsport Network. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fryer, Jenna (February 11, 2018). "Alex Bowman puts No. 88 on the pole at Daytona". Associated Press. Daytona Beach, Florida: AP Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Lee (February 16, 2018). "Daytona 500: Daniel Suarez leads Toyota trio in first Friday practice". Motorsport.com. Daytona Beach, Florida: Motorsport Network. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Lee (February 16, 2018). "Daytona 500: Daniel Suarez completes sweep of Friday practices". Motorsport.com. Daytona Beach, Florida: Motorsport Network. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Utter, Jim (February 17, 2018). "Daytona 500: Darrell Wallace Jr. tops final practice". Motorsport.com. Daytona Beach, Florida: Motorsport Network. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bianchi, Jordan (February 18, 2018). "Big wreck knocks out several Daytona 500 contenders". SBNation.com. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Velin, Bob (February 18, 2018). "Austin Dillon drives No. 3 to Daytona 500 win, 20 years after Dale Earnhardt Sr.'s triumph". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 18, 2018.

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Partnership
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A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as partners, agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Partnership agreements
3 Partner compensation
3.1 Equity vs. salaried partners
3.2 Law firms
4 Taxation
5 Common law
5.1 Forms of partnership
5.2 Silent partners
5.3 Australia
5.4 Bangladesh
5.5 Canada
5.6 Hong Kong
5.7 India
5.8 United Kingdom limited partnership
5.9 United States
6 See also
7 References
History[edit]
Partnerships have a long history, they were already in use in Medieval times in Europe and in the Middle East. In Europe, the partnerships contributed to the Commercial Revolution which started in the 13th century. In the 15th, century the cities member of the Hanseatic League, would mutually strengthen each other; a ship from Hamburg to Danzig, would not only carry its own cargo but was also commissioned to transport freight for other members of the league. This practice not only saved time and money; but also constituted a first step toward partnership. This capacity to join forces in reciprocal services became a distinctive feature, and a long lasting success factor, of the Hanseatic team spirit.[1]
A close examination of Medieval trade in Europe shows that numerous significant credit based trades were not bearing interest. Hence, pragmatism and common sense called for a fair compensation for the risk of lending money, and a compensation for the opportunity cost of lending money without using it for other fruitful purposes. In order to circumvent the usury laws edicted by the Church, other forms of reward were created, in particular through the widespread form of partnership called commenda, very popular with Italian merchant bankers.[2] Florentine merchant banks were almost sure to make a positive return on their loans, but this would be before taking into account solvency risks.
In the Middle East, the Qirad and Mudarabas institutions developed when trade with the Levant, namely the Ottoman Empire and the Muslim Near East, flourished and when early trading companies, contracts, bills of exchange and long-distance international trade were established.[3] After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Levant trade revived in the tenth to eleventh centuries in Byzantine Italy. The eastern and western Mediterranean formed part of a single commercial civilization in the Middle Ages, and the two regions were economically interdependent through trade (in varying degrees).[4]
Partnership agreements[edit]
Although not required by law, partners should create a partnership agreement that defines the important terms of their relationship.[5] Partnership agreements can be formed in the following areas:
Business: two or more companies join forces in a joint venture[6] or a consortium to i) work on a project (e.g. industrial or research project) which would be too heavy or too risky for a single entity, ii) join forces to have a stronger position on the market, iii) comply with specific regulation (e.g. in some emerging countries, foreigners can only invest in the form of partnerships with local entrepreneurs.[7] In this case, the alliance may be structured in a process comparable to a Mergers & Acquisitions transaction.
Politics (or geopolitics): In what is usually called an alliance, governments may partner to achieve their national interests, sometimes against allied governments holding contrary interests, as occurred during World War II and the Cold War.
Knowledge: In education, accrediting agencies increasingly evaluate schools, or universities, by the level and quality of their partnerships with local or international peers and a variety of other entities across societal sectors.
Individual: Some partnerships occur at personal levels, such as when two or more individuals agree to domicile together, while other partnerships are not only personal, but private, known only to the involved parties.
Partnerships present the involved parties with complex negotiation and special challenges that must be navigated unto agreement. Overarching goals, levels of give-and-take, areas of responsibility, lines of authority and succession, how success is evaluated and distributed, and often a variety of other factors must all be negotiated. Once agreement is reached, the partnership is typically enforceable by civil law, especially if well documented. Partners who wish to make their agreement affirmatively explicit and enforceable typically draw up Articles of Partnership. Trust and pragmatism are also essential as it cannot be expected that everything can be written in the initial partnership agreement, therefore quality governance[8] and clear communication are critical success factors in the long run. It is common for information about formally partnered entities to be made public, such as through a press release, a newspaper ad, or public records laws.
While industrial partnerships stand to amplify mutual interests and accelerate success, some forms of collaboration may be considered ethically problematic. When a politician, for example, partners with a corporation to advance the latter's interest in exchange for some benefit, a conflict of interest results; consequentially, the public good may suffer. While technically lawful in some jurisdictions, such practice is broadly viewed negatively or as corruption.
Partner compensation[edit]
Partner compensation will often be defined by the terms of a partnership agreement. Partners who work for the partnership may receive compensation for their labor before any division of profits between partners.
Equity vs. salaried partners[edit]
In certain partnerships of individuals, particularly law firms and accountancy firms, equity partners are distinguished from salaried partners (or contract or income partners). The degree of control which each type of partner exerts over the partnership depends on the relevant partnership agreement.[9]
An equity partner is a part-owner of the business, and is entitled to a proportion of the distributable profits of the partnership.
A salaried partner who is paid a salary but does not have any underlying ownership interest in the business and will not share in the distributions of the partnership (although it is quite common for salaried partners to receive a bonus based on the firm's profitability).
Although individuals in both categories are described as partners, equity partners and salaried partners have little in common other than joint and several liability. In many legal systems, salaried partners are not technically "partners" at all in the eyes of the law. However, if their firm holds them out as partners, they are nonetheless subject to joint and several liability.
In their most basic form, equity partners enjoy a fixed share of the partnership (usually, but not always an equal share with the other partners) and, upon distribution of profits, receive a portion of the partnership's profits proportionate to that share. In more sophisticated partnerships, different models exist for determining either ownership interest, profit distribution, or both. Two common alternate approaches to distribution of profit are "lockstep" and "source of origination" compensation (sometimes referred to, more graphically, as "eat what you kill").[10]
Lockstep involves new partners joining the partnership with a certain number of "points". As time passes, they accrue additional points, until they reach a set maximum sometimes referred to as a plateau. The length of time it takes to reach the maximum is often used to describe the firm (so, for example, one could say that one firm has a "seven-year lockstep" and another has a "ten-year lockstep" depending on the length of time it takes to reach maximum equity).
Source of origination involves the compensation of profits according to a formula that takes into consideration the amount of revenue and profit generated by each partner, such that partners who generate more revenue receive a greater share of the partnership's distributed profit.
Law firms[edit]
Source of origination compensation is rarely seen outside of law firms. The principle is simply that each partner receives a share of the partnership profits up to a certain amount, with any additional profits being distributed to the partner who was responsible for the "origination" of the work that generated the profits.[10]
British law firms tend to use the lockstep principle, whereas American firms are more accustomed to source of origination. When British firm Clifford Chance merged with American firm Rogers & Wells, many of the difficulties associated with that merger were blamed on the difficulties of merging a lockstep culture with an source of origination culture.[11]
Taxation[edit]
Partnerships recognized by a government body may enjoy special benefits from taxation policy. Among developed countries, for example, business partnerships are often favored over corporations in taxation policy, since dividend taxes only occur on profit before they are distributed to the partners. However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation. In such countries, partnerships are often regulated via anti-trust laws, so as to inhibit monopolistic practices and foster free market competition. Enforcement of the laws, however, varies considerably. Domestic partnerships recognized by governments typically enjoy tax benefits, as well.
Common law[edit]
At common law, members of a business partnership are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership. Forms of partnership have evolved that may limit a partner's liability.
Forms of partnership[edit]
As common law there are two basic forms of partnership:[12]
general partnership: a partnership in which all partners manage the business and are personally liable for its debts. General partners have an obligation of strict liability to third parties injured by the Partnership. General partners may have joint liability or joint and several liability depending upon circumstances.
limited partnership (LP): a partnership in which general partners manage the partnership's operations, and limited partners forego the right to manage the business in exchange for limited liability for the partnership debts. The liability of limited partners is limited to their investment in the partnership.
More recently, additional forms of partnership have been recognized:
limited liability partnership (LLP): a form of partnership in which all partners may have some degree of limited liability.
limited liability limited partnership (LLLP): a form of limited partnership in which general partners have limited liability for the debts and obligations of the limited partnership.
Silent partners[edit]
A silent partner is one who still shares in the profits and losses of the business, but who is not involved in its management.[13] Sometimes the silent partner's interest in the business will not be publicly known. A silent partner is often an investor in the partnership, who is entitled to a share of the partnership's profits. Silent partners may prefer to invest in limited partnerships in order to insulate their personal assets from the debts or liabilities of the partnership.
Australia[edit]
Main article: Partnership (Australia)
Summarising s. 5 of the Partnership Act 1958 (Vic) (hereinafter the "Act"), for a partnership in Australia to exist, four main criteria must be satisfied. They are:
Valid Agreement between the parties;
To carry on a business – this is defined in s. 3 as "any trade, occupation or profession";
In Common – meaning there must be some mutuality of rights, interests and obligations;
View to Profit – thus charitable organizations cannot be partnerships (charities are typically incorporated associations under Associations Incorporations Act 1981 (Vic))
Partners share profits and losses. A partnership is basically a settlement between two or more groups or firms in which profit and loss are equally divided
Bangladesh[edit]
In Bangladesh, the relevant law for regulating partnership is the Partnership Act 1932.[14] A partnership is defined as the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all.[15] The law does not require written partnership agreement between the partners to form a partnership.[16] A partnership does not also required to be registered, however an unregistered partnership has a number of limitation regarding enforcing its rights in any court.[17] A partnership is considered as a separate legal identity (i.e. separate from its owners) in Bangladesh only if the partnership is registered. There must be a minimum of 2 partners and maximum of 20 partners.[18]
Canada[edit]
Statutory regulation of partnerships in Canada fall under provincial jurisdiction. A partnership is not a separate legal entity and partnership income is taxed at the rate of the partner receiving the income. It can be deemed to exist regardless of the intention of the partners. Common elements considered by courts in determining the existence of a partnership are that two or more legal persons:
Are carrying on a business
In common
With a view to profit.[19]
Hong Kong[edit]
Main article: Partnership (Hong Kong)
A partnership in Hong Kong is a business entity formed by the Hong Kong Partnerships Ordinance,[20] which defines a partnership as "the relation between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit" and is not a joint stock company or an incorporated company.[21] If the business entity registers with the Registrar of Companies it takes the form of a limited partnership defined in the Limited Partnerships Ordinance.[22][23] However, if this business entity fails to register with the Registrar of Companies, then it becomes a general partnership as a default.[23]
India[edit]
According to section 4 of the Partnership Act of 1932,"Partnership is defined as the relation between two or more persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business run by all or any one of them acting for all". This definition superseded the previous definition given in section 239 of Indian Contract Act 1872 as – “Partnership is the relation which subsists between persons who have agreed to combine their property, labor, skill in some business, and to share the profits thereof between them”. The 1932 definition added the concept of mutual agency. The Indian Partnerships have the following common characteristics:
1) A partnership firm is not a legal entity apart from the partners constituting it. It has limited identity for the purpose of tax law as per section 4 of the Partnership Act of 1932.[24]
2) Partnership is a concurrent subject. Contracts of partnerships are included in the Entry no.7 of List III of The Constitution of India (the list constitutes the subjects on which both the State government and Central (National) Government can legislate i.e. pass laws on).[24]
3) Unlimited Liability. The major disadvantage of partnership is the unlimited liability of partners for the debts and liabilities of the firm. Any partner can bind the firm and the firm is liable for all liabilities incurred by any firm on behalf of the firm. If property of partnership firm is insufficient to meet liabilities, personal property of any partner can be attached to pay the debts of the firm.[24]
4) Partners are Mutual Agents.The business of firm can be carried on by all or any of them for all. Any partner has authority to bind the firm. Act of any one partner is binding on all the partners. Thus, each partner is ‘agent’ of all the remaining partners. Hence, partners are ‘mutual agents’. Section 18 of the Partnership Act, 1932 says "Subject to the provisions of this Act, a partner is the agent of the firm for the purpose of the business of the firm"[24]
5) Oral or Written Agreements. The Partnership Act, 1932 nowhere mentions that the Partnership Agreement is to be in written or oral format. Thus the general rule of the Contract Act applies that the contract can be 'oral' or 'written' as long as it satisfies the basic conditions of being a contract i.e. the agreement between partners is legally enforceable. A written agreement is advisable to establish existence of partnership and to prove rights and liabilities of each partner, as it is difficult to prove an oral agreement.[24]
6) Number of Partners is minimum 2 and maximum 50 in any kind of business activities.Since partnership is ‘agreement’ there must be minimum two partners. The Partnership Act does not put any restrictions on maximum number of partners. However, section 464 of Companies Act 2013, and Rule 10 of Companies (Miscellaneous) Rules, 2014 prohibits partnership consisting of more than 50 for any businesses, unless it is registered as a company under Companies Act, 2013 or formed in pursuance of some other law. Some other law means companies and corporations formed via some other law passed by Parliament of India.
7) Mutual agency is the real test. The real test of ‘partnership firm’ is ‘mutual agency’ set by the Courts of India, i.e. whether a partner can bind the firm by his act, i.e. whether he can act as agent of all other partners.[24]
United Kingdom limited partnership[edit]
Main article: UK partnership law
A limited partnership in the United Kingdom consists of:
One or more people called general partners, who are liable for all debts and obligations of the firm; and
One or of the firm beyond the amount contributed.
Limited partners may not:
Draw out or receive back any part of their contributions to the partnership during its lifetime; or
Take part in the management of the business or have power to bind the firm.
If they do, they become liable for all the debts and obligations of the firm up to the amount drawn out or received back or incurred while taking part in the management, as the case may be.
United States[edit]
Main article: Partnership taxation in the United States
Under U.S. law a partnership is a business association of two or more individuals, through which partners share the profits and responsibility for the liabilities of their venture.[25] U.S. states recognize forms of limited partnership that may allow a partner who does not participate in the business venture to avoid liability for the partnership's debts and obligations.[26] Partnerships typically pay less taxes than corporations in fields like fund management.[27][28]
The federal government of the United States does not have specific statutory law governing the establishment of partnerships. Instead, every U.S. state and the District of Columbia has its own statutes and common law that govern partnerships. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws has issued non-binding model laws (called uniform act) in which to encourage the adoption of uniformity of partnership law into the states by their respective legislatures. Model laws include the Uniform Partnership Act and the Uniform Limited Partnership Act. Most U.S. states have adopted a form of the Uniform Partnership Act, which includes provisions reguating general partnerships, limited partnerships and limited liability partnerships.
Although the federal government does not have specific statutory law for establishing partnerships, it has an extensive statutory and regulatory scheme for the taxation of partnerships, set forth in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) and Code of Federal Regulations.[29] The IRC defines federal tax obligations for partnership operations[30] that effectively serve as federal regulation of some aspects of partnerships.
See also[edit]
Business and economics portal
Law portal
Alliance
Consortium
Business partnering
Corporation
General partnership
Joint venture
Keiretsu
Limited liability partnership (LLP)
Limited partnership (LP)
Partnership accounting
Partnership taxation
Strategic Alliance
Types of business entity
Up or out (aka partnership system)
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Jairus Banaji (2007), "Islam, the Mediterranean and the rise of capitalism", Historical Materialism 15 (1): 47–74, Brill Publishers.
Jump up ^ Laiou, Angeliki E. (2008). The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century. Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 088402332X.
Jump up ^ Larson, Aaron (9 July 2016). "What Is a Partnership". ExpertLaw. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Bamford, James; Ernst, David; Fubini, David G. (3 February 2004). "Launching a World-Class Joint Venture". Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Coispeau, Olivier (18 May 2015). Mergers & Acquisitions and Partnerships in China. World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 311. ISBN 9814641022. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Zadek, Simon; Radovich, Sacha (April 2006). "Governing collaborative governance" (PDF). John F. Kennedy School of Government. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Serrill-Robins, Mira (15 March 2010). "Equity vs. Non-Equity Partnerships". LexisNexis Legal Newsroom. Relx Group. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Norman (30 September 2016). "Better carrots for partner compensation strategies". Lexology. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Becker, Amanda (5 July 2010). "Law firm merger activity picks up". Washington Post. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Partnership". Reference for Business. Advameg, Inc. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Silent partner". Wex. Cornell Law School. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Partnership Act, 1932". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division. Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Section 4 of the Partnership Act 1932.
Jump up ^ Goni, Osman. "Should you register your partnership?". Osman Goni. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Should you register your partnership?". Osman Goni. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "How to start a partnership business in Bangladesh - OGR Legal". Resource Portal of OGR Legal. OGR Legal. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Part 1: Partnerships – Am I in One and Why Does it Matter?". Business Law Clinic. University of Victoria, Faculty of Law. 6 March 2012. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hong Kong Ordinances, CAP 38 Partnership Ordinance". Hklii.org. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Hong Kong Partnerships Ordinance, Chapter 38, section 3". Hklii.org. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
Jump up ^ "CAP 37 Limited Partnerships Ordinance". Hklii.org. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hong Kong Limited Partnerships Ordinance, Chapter 37, section 4". Hklii.org. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "The Partnership Act, 1932" (PDF). Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Government of India. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Partnership". Wex. Cornell Law School. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Larson, Aaron (9 July 2016). "What Is a Partnership". ExpertLaw. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Espinoza, Javier; Indap, Sujeet (2018-02-19). "Private equity chiefs face conversion dilemma". Financial Times. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ "Ares Becomes Litmus Test for Buyout Firms Mulling Tax Change". Bloomberg.com. 2018-02-15. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ "Partnerships". IRS. Internal Revenue Service. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "26 U.S. Code, Subtite A, Chapter 1, Subchapter K - Partners and Partnerships". Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
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