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The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)
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The Last Supper
Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena
Artist
Leonardo da Vinci
Year
1490s (Julian)
Medium
fresco-secco
Dimensions
460 cm (180 in) × 880 cm (350 in)
Location
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan
Coordinates
45°28′00″N 9°10′15″E / 45.466666666667°N 9.1708333333333°E / 45.466666666667; 9.1708333333333Coordinates: 45°28′00″N 9°10′15″E / 45.466666666667°N 9.1708333333333°E / 45.466666666667; 9.1708333333333
Website
legraziemilano.it/il-cenacolo/
[edit on Wikidata]
The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo [il tʃeˈnaːkolo] or L'Ultima Cena [ˈlultima ˈtʃeːna]) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. It is one of the world's most recognizable paintings.[1]
The work is presumed to have been started around 1495–96 and was commissioned as part of a plan of renovations to the church and its convent buildings by Leonardo's patron Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. The painting represents the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles, as it is told in the Gospel of John, 13:21.[2] Leonardo has depicted the consternation that occurred among the Twelve Disciples when Jesus announced that one of them would betray him.
Due to the methods used, a variety of environmental factors, and intentional damage, very little of the original painting remains today despite numerous restoration attempts, the last being completed in 1999.
Contents
[hide]
1 Painting
1.1 Important copies
2 Medium
3 Damage and restorations
3.1 Major restoration
4 The Last Supper in culture
4.1 Painting, mosaic, and photography
4.2 Modern art
4.3 Literature
4.4 Film and television
5 Other speculation
6 Notes
7 Further reading
8 External links
Painting[edit]
Crucifixion, opposite Leonardo's Last Supper
The Last Supper, ca. 1520, by Giovanni Pietro Rizzoli, called Giampietrino (active 1508–1549), after Leonardo da Vinci, oil on canvas, in the collection of The Royal Academy of Arts, London; full-scale copy that was the main source for the twenty-year restoration of the original (1978-1998). It includes several lost details such as Christ's feet and the salt cellar spilled by Judas. Giampietrino is thought to have worked closely with Leonardo when he was in Milan. The painting hung in the chapel of Magdalen College, Oxford from 1992.[3]
The Last Supper, ca. 1520, Andrea Solari, after Leonardo da Vinci, oil on canvas, in the Leonardo da Vinci Museum, Tongerlo Abbey.
The Last Supper measures 460 cm × 880 cm (180 in × 350 in) and covers an end wall of the dining hall at the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The theme was a traditional one for refectories, although the room was not a refectory at the time that Leonardo painted it. The main church building had only recently been completed (in 1498), but was remodeled by Bramante, hired by Ludovico Sforza to build a Sforza family mausoleum.[4]
The painting was commissioned by Sforza to be the centerpiece of the mausoleum.[5] The lunettes above the main painting, formed by the triple arched ceiling of the refectory, are painted with Sforza coats-of-arms.
The opposite wall of the refectory is covered by the Crucifixion fresco by Giovanni Donato da Montorfano, to which Leonardo added figures of the Sforza family in tempera. (These figures have deteriorated in much the same way as has The Last Supper.)
Leonardo began work on The Last Supper in 1495 and completed it in 1498—he did not work on the painting continuously. The beginning date is not certain, as the archives of the convent for the period have been destroyed, and a document dated 1497 indicates that the painting was nearly completed at that date.[6]
One story goes that a prior from the monastery complained to Leonardo about the delay, enraging him. He wrote to the head of the monastery, explaining he had been struggling to find the perfect villainous face for Judas, and that if he could not find a face corresponding with what he had in mind, he would use the features of the prior who complained.[7][8]
A study for The Last Supper from Leonardo's notebooks showing nine apostles identified by names written above their heads

The Last Supper specifically portrays the reaction given by each apostle when Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve apostles have different reactions to the news, with various degrees of anger and shock. The apostles are identified from a manuscript[9] (The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci p. 232) with their names found in the 19th century. (Before this, only Judas, Peter, John and Jesus were positively identified.) From left to right, according to the apostles' heads:
Bartholomew, James, son of Alphaeus, and Andrew form a group of three; all are surprised.
Judas Iscariot, Peter, and John form another group of three.
Judas is wearing green and blue and is in shadow, looking rather withdrawn and taken aback by the sudden revelation of his plan. He is clutching a small bag, perhaps signifying the silver given to him as payment to betray Jesus, or perhaps a reference to his role within the 12 disciples as treasurer.[10] He is also tipping over the salt cellar. This may be related to the near-Eastern expression to "betray the salt" meaning to betray one's Master. He is the only person to have his elbow on the table and his head is also horizontally the lowest of anyone in the painting.
Peter looks angry and is holding a knife pointed away from Christ, perhaps foreshadowing his violent reaction in Gethsemane during Jesus' arrest.
The youngest apostle, John, appears to swoon.
Jesus
Apostle Thomas, James the Greater, and Philip are the next group of three.
Thomas is clearly upset; the raised index finger foreshadows his incredulity of the Resurrection.
James the Greater looks stunned, with his arms in the air. Meanwhile, Philip appears to be requesting some explanation.
Matthew, Jude Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot are the final group of three.
Both Jude Thaddeus and Matthew are turned toward Simon, perhaps to find out if he has any answer to their initial questions.
In common with other depictions of the Last Supper from this period, Leonardo seats the diners on one side of the table, so that none of them has his back to the viewer. Most previous depictions excluded Judas by placing him alone on the opposite side of the table from the other eleven disciples and Jesus, or placing halos around all the disciples except Judas.
Leonardo instead has Judas lean back into shadow. Jesus is predicting that his betrayer will take the bread at the same time he does to Saints Thomas and James to his left, who react in horror as Jesus points with his left hand to a piece of bread before them. Distracted by the conversation between John and Peter, Judas reaches for a different piece of bread not noticing Jesus too stretching out with his right hand towards it (Matthew 26: 23). The angles and lighting draw attention to Jesus, whose turned right cheek is located at the vanishing point for all perspective lines; his hands are located at the golden ratio of half the height of the composition.[11]
The painting contains several references to the number 3, which represents the Christian belief in the Holy Trinity. The Apostles are seated in groupings of three; there are three windows behind Jesus; and the shape of Jesus' figure resembles a triangle. The painting can also be interpreted using the Fibonacci series: 1 table, 1 central figure, 2 side walls, 3 windows and figures grouped in threes, 5 groups of figures, 8 panels on the walls and 8 table legs, and 13 individual figures.[11] There may have been other references that have since been lost as the painting deteriorated.
Important copies[edit]
Two early copies of The Last Supper are known to exist, presumed to be work by Leonardo's assistants. The copies are almost the size of the original, and have survived with a wealth of original detail still intact.[12] One copy, by Giampietrino, is in the collection of the Royal Academy of Arts, London, and the other, by Cesare da Sesto, is installed at the Church of St. Ambrogio in Ponte Capriasca, Switzerland. A third copy (oil on canvas) is painted by Andrea Solari (ca. 1520) and is on display in the Leonardo da Vinci Museum of the Tongerlo Abbey, Belgium.
Medium[edit]
For this work, Leonardo sought a greater detail and luminosity than could be achieved with traditional fresco.[13] He painted The Last Supper on a dry wall rather than on wet plaster, so it is not a true fresco. Because a fresco cannot be modified as the artist works, Leonardo instead chose to seal the stone wall with a double layer of dried plaster.[13] Then, borrowing from panel painting, he added an undercoat of white lead to enhance the brightness of the oil and tempera that was applied on top. This was a method that had been described previously, by Cennino Cennini in the 14th century. However, Cennini had recommended the use of secco for the final touches alone.[14] These techniques were important for Leonardo's desire to work slowly on the painting, giving him sufficient time to develop the gradual shading or chiaroscuro that was essential in his style.
Damage and restorations[edit]
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A protective structure was built in front of the da Vinci wall fresco. This photo shows the bombing damage in 1943, suggesting the magnitude of the greater damage that was averted.
Because the painting was on a thin exterior wall, the effects of humidity were felt more keenly, and the paint failed to properly adhere to the wall. Because of the method used, soon after the painting was completed on February 9, 1498 it began to deteriorate.[13] As early as 1517, the painting was starting to flake, and in 1532 Gerolamo Cardano described it as "blurred and colorless compared with what I remember of it when I saw it as a boy".[15] By 1556—fewer than sixty years after it was finished—Leonardo's biographer Giorgio Vasari described the painting as already "ruined" and so deteriorated that the figures were unrecognizable. By the second half of the sixteenth century Gian Paolo Lomazzo stated that "the painting is all ruined".[13] In 1652, a doorway was cut through the (then unrecognisable) painting, and later bricked up; this can still be seen as the irregular arch shaped structure near the center base of the painting. It is believed, through early copies, that Jesus' feet were in a position symbolizing the forthcoming crucifixion. In 1768, a curtain was hung over the painting for the purpose of protection; it instead trapped moisture on the surface, and whenever the curtain was pulled back, it scratched the flaking paint.
A first restoration was attempted in 1726 by Michelangelo Bellotti, who filled in missing sections with oil paint then varnished the whole mural. This repair did not last well and another restoration was attempted in 1770 by an otherwise unknown artist named Giuseppe Mazza. Mazza stripped off Bellotti's work then largely repainted the painting; he had redone all but three faces when he was halted due to public outrage. In 1796, French revolutionary anti-clerical troops used the refectory as an armory; they threw stones at the painting and climbed ladders to scratch out the Apostles' eyes. The refectory was then later used as a prison; it is not known if any of the prisoners may have damaged the painting. In 1821, Stefano Barezzi, an expert in removing whole frescoes from their walls intact, was called in to remove the painting to a safer location; he badly damaged the center section before realizing that Leonardo's work was not a fresco. Barezzi then attempted to reattach damaged sections with glue. From 1901 to 1908, Luigi Cavenaghi first completed a careful study of the structure of the painting, then began cleaning it. In 1924, Oreste Silvestri did further cleaning, and stabilised some parts with stucco.
During World War II, on August 15, 1943, the refectory was struck by Allied bombing; protective sandbagging prevented the painting from being struck by bomb splinters, but it may have been damaged further by the vibration. From 1951 to 1954, another clean-and-stabilise restoration was undertaken by Mauro Pelliccioli.
Major restoration[edit]
The painting as it looked in the 1970s
The painting's appearance by the late 1970s had become badly deteriorated. From 1978 to 1999, Pinin Brambilla Barcilon guided a major restoration project which undertook to stabilize the painting, and reverse the damage caused by dirt and pollution. The 18th- and 19th-century restoration attempts were also reverted. Since it had proved impractical to move the painting to a more controlled environment, the refectory was instead converted to a sealed, climate-controlled environment, which meant bricking up the windows. Then, detailed study was undertaken to determine the painting's original form, using scientific tests (especially infrared reflectoscopy and microscopic core-samples), and original cartoons preserved in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle. Some areas were deemed unrestorable. These were re-painted using watercolor in subdued colors intended to indicate they were not original work, while not being too distracting.
This restoration took 21 years and, on 28 May 1999, the painting was returned to display. Intending visitors were required to book ahead and could only stay for 15 minutes. When it was unveiled, considerable controversy was aroused by the dramatic changes in colors, tones, and even some facial shapes. James Beck, professor of art history at Columbia University and founder of ArtWatch International, had been a particularly strong critic.[16] Michael Daley, director of ArtWatch UK, has also complained about the restored version of the painting. He has been critical of Christ's right arm in the image which has been altered from a draped sleeve to what Daley calls "muff-like drapery".[17]
The Last Supper in culture[edit]
The Last Supper made in salt in Wieliczka Salt Mine (Poland)
The Last Supper has frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture. Some of the more notable examples are:
Painting, mosaic, and photography[edit]
A 16th-century oil on canvas copy is conserved in the abbey of Tongerlo, Antwerp, Belgium. It reveals many details that are no longer visible on the original.[citation needed] The Roman mosaic artist Giacomo Raffaelli made another life-sized copy (1809–1814) in the Viennese Minoritenkirche.[citation needed]
Modern art[edit]
In 1955, Salvador Dalí painted The Sacrament of the Last Supper, with Jesus portrayed as blond and clean shaven, pointing upward to a spectral torso while the apostles are gathered around the table heads bowed so that none may be identified. It is reputed to be one of the most popular paintings in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
In 1986, Andy Warhol was commissioned to produce a series of paintings based on The Last Supper that were exhibited initially in Milan. This was his last series of paintings before his death.[18]
Sculptor Marisol Escobar rendered The Last Supper as a life-sized, three-dimensional, sculptural assemblage using painted and drawn wood, plywood, brownstone, plaster, and aluminum. This work, Self-Portrait Looking at The Last Supper, (1982–84) is in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.[19]
In 1988, Susan Dorothea White painted The First Supper showing 13 women from all regions of the world, with the woman in the position of Leonardo's Christ figure being an Australian aboriginal.[20][21]
In 2001, Chinese artist Zeng Fanzhi painted Last Supper, showing 13 mask-wearing people seated at a table strewn with watermelon fragments. The oil painting was sold for $23.3 million at Sotheby's auction on October 7, 2013, setting a new record for contemporary Asian artwork.[22]
In 1998, modern artist Vik Muniz displayed a recreation of The Last Supper, made entirely out of Bosco Chocolate Syrup.[23]
Literature[edit]
Author Mary Shelley describes her impression of the painting in her travel narrative, Rambles in Germany and Italy published in 1844:
First we visited the fading inimitable fresco of Leonardo da Vinci. How vain are copies! not in one, nor in any print, did i ever see the slightest approach to the expression in our Savior's face, such as it is in the original. Majesty and love—these are the words that would describe it—joined to an absence of all guile that expresses the divine nature more visibly than I ever saw it in any other picture.[24]
—  Mary Shelley, Travel Writing (1996), Pages 131–132
Film and television[edit]
In Luis Buñuel's Spanish film Viridiana, a tableau vivant of Leonardo's painting is staged with beggars. Another beggar 'photographs' the scene by flashing them. This scene contributed to its refusal by the Vatican who called it "blasphemous."
In Norman Jewison's 1973 film version of "Jesus Christ Superstar", in the Last Supper sequence, Jesus and the 12 apostles briefly mimic the posture of each character in Da Vinci's painting
The painting is parodied in Mel Brooks's movie History of the World, Part I, making Leonardo a contemporary of Jesus. It is also parodied in the original movie MASH, in the scene where Hawkeye Pierce stages a "last supper" for Walt (Painless) Waldowski before his planned suicide. The various doctors, all in surgical scrubs, pose in imitation of the painting.
Many parodies of the painting appear on the small screen, including The Simpsons' Season 16 episode "Thank God, It's Doomsday," with Homer as Jesus and Moe and his other patrons as the disciples; That '70s Show's first-season episode "Streaking," with Eric flanked by his friends (and Jackie wondering why everyone is sitting on the same side of the table); and South Park's Season 13 episode "Margaritaville," with Kyle and his friends eating at a pizza parlor. In one episode of the CBC drama Murdoch Mysteries called Barenaked Ladies, the suspects recreate the poses of Peter, Judas and Thomas in their victims.
Other speculation[edit]
The Last Supper has been the target of much speculation by writers and historical revisionists alike, usually centered on purported hidden messages or hints found within the painting, especially since the publication of the novel The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown in 2003.
Dan Brown proposed that the person to Jesus' right (left of Jesus from the viewer's perspective), was not John the Apostle, but Mary Magdalene. This speculation originated in earlier books The Templar Revelation (1997) by Lynn Picknett and The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail by Michael Baigent, Henry Lincoln and Richard Leigh (1982). These claims have been contested by other writers, such as Carl E. Olsen and Sandra Miesel in The Da Vinci Hoax, as well as by art historians. Christopher Hodapp and Alice Von Kannon commented "If he [John] looks effeminate and needs a haircut, so does James, the second figure on the left, the one with the sort of Bette Midler look about him".[25]
Giovanni Maria Pala, an Italian musician, has indicated that the positions of hands and loaves of bread can be interpreted as notes on a musical staff and, if read from right to left, as was characteristic of Leonardo's writing, form a musical composition.[26][27][28]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Leonardo Da Vinci's 'The Last Supper' reveals more secrets". sciencedaily.com. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci –. "Santa Maria delle Grazie – Milan". Inexhibit. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chapel with return Renaissance painrefting". Oxford Times. 14 September 2017. p. 19.
Jump up ^ "Santa Maria delle Grazie & The Last Supper". Timeout.com. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ "Leonardo's Itinerary: Early maturity in Milan (1482-1499)". Museo Galileo. 5 March 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ Kenneth Clark.Leonardo da Vinci, Penguin Books 1939, 1993, p144.
Jump up ^ "The Last Supper". lairweb.org.nz. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ "DaVinci". The Mark Steel Lectures. Series 2. Episode 2. The Open University. 7 October 2003. BBC. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ "The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci—Complete by Leonardo da Vinci". Gutenberg.org. 1 January 2004. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
Jump up ^ Cfr. Matthew 26:15; John 12:6 and 13:29.
^ Jump up to: a b White, Susan D. (2006). Draw Like Da Vinci. London: Cassell Illustrated, p.132. ISBN 9781844034444.
Jump up ^ "Last Supper (copy after Leonardo)". University of the Arts, London. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Leonardo's Last Supper". Smart history presented by the Khan Academy. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Last Supper". The Last Supper. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Wykes, Alan (1969). Doctor Cardano, physician extraordinary. p. 26.
Jump up ^ Phillip William (24 May 1999). "The Last Supper or a dog's dinner?". The Guardian. guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ Dayla Alberge (14 March 2012). "Have art restorers ruined Leonardo's masterpiece?". The Independent. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ Haden-Guest, Anthony (3 August 1999). "Warhol's Last Supper". Artnet. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
Jump up ^ "Self-Portrait Looking at The Last Supper". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ Susan White - veelzijdig werk, Kunstbeeld (Amsterdam) Oct. 1990, vol. 14 (10) p.62 (translation)
Jump up ^ Allen, Christopher. 'Ludicrous Leonardo', The Sydney Morning Herald, 23 December 1988, p.10
Jump up ^ "Zeng's 'Last Supper' Sells for Record $23.3 Million at Sotheby's Auction". WSJ.com. October 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Vicki (25 September 1998). "ART REVIEW; It's a Leonardo? It's a Corot? Well, No, It's Chocolate Syrup". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ Shelley, Mary (1996). Travel Writing. London: Pickering. pp. 131–132. ISBN 1-85196-084-8.
Jump up ^ Christopher Hodapp, Alice Von Kannon, The Templar Code For Dummies, page 257 (Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2007. ISBN 978-0-470-12765-0).
Jump up ^ Rossella Lorenzi (9 November 2007). "Leonardo's 'Last Supper' Hides True Da Vinci Code". Discovery News. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
Jump up ^ "Da Vinci's "Last Supper" has hidden music (includes link to recording)". Extra.beloblog.com. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
Jump up ^ mp3 file of the composition, hosted.ap.org
Further reading[edit]
Steinberg, Leo. Leonardo's Incessant 'Last Supper'". New York: Zone Books, 2001.
Detailed review of Steinberg's 'Incessant Last Supper' at 3 Pipe Problem
Bertelli, Carlo (November 1983). "Restoration Reveals The Last Supper". National Geographic. Vol. 164 no. 5. pp. 664–684. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci.
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Leonardo's Last Supper, video, Smarthistory[1]
Leonardo's Last Supper and the three layers
John the Apostle in Art
Leonardo da Vinci: anatomical drawings from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle, exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on The Last Supper (see index)
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Jump up ^ "Leonardo's Last Supper". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
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values: 最后的晚餐 (达芬奇) – Chinese

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in Death
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The …in Death series of novels and short stories are written by Nora Roberts under her pseudonym, J. D. Robb. Set in a mid-21st century New York City, they feature NYPSD ("New York City Police and Security Department") Lieutenant Eve Dallas and her husband Roarke. The stories also regularly feature other characters, including Captain Ryan Feeney, Detective Delia Peabody, Detective Ian McNab and Dr. Charlotte Mira.
The series is ongoing and will go on as long as Roberts desires to write it. She has stated that the series will never contain one of Eve and Roarke's children,[1] as the series will end with Eve's eventual pregnancy.[2]
Contents
1 Books
1.1 Anthologies
1.2 Bundles
2 Characters
2.1 Eve Dallas
2.2 Roarke
3 Time Line
3.1 Naked in Death
3.2 Glory in Death
4 Deaths
5 See also
6 Notes
7 Further reading
8 External links
Books[edit]
Naked in Death (July 1995, ISBN 978-0-425-14829-7)
Glory in Death (December 1995, ISBN 978-0-425-15098-6)
Immortal in Death (July 1996, ISBN 978-0-425-15378-9)
Rapture in Death (October 1996, ISBN 978-0-425-15518-9)
Ceremony in Death (May 1997, ISBN 978-0-425-15762-6)
Vengeance in Death (October 1997, ISBN 978-0-425-16039-8)
Holiday in Death (June 1998, ISBN 978-0-425-16371-9)
Midnight in Death also in Silent Night
Conspiracy in Death (April 1999, ISBN 978-0-425-16813-4)
Loyalty in Death (October 1999, ISBN 978-0-425-17140-0)
Witness in Death (March 2000, ISBN 978-0-425-17363-3)
Judgment in Death (September 2000, ISBN 978-0-425-17630-6)
Betrayal in Death (March 2001, ISBN 978-0-425-17857-7)
Interlude in Death in Out of this World
Seduction in Death (September 2001, ISBN 978-0-425-18146-1)
Reunion in Death (March 2002, ISBN 978-0-425-18397-7)
Purity in Death (September 2002, ISBN 978-0-425-18630-5)
Portrait in Death (March 2003, ISBN 978-0-425-18903-0)
Imitation in Death (September 2003, ISBN 978-0-425-19158-3)
Remember When with Nora Roberts (2003, ISBN 978-0-399-15106-4)
Divided in Death (January 2004, ISBN 978-0-399-15154-5)
Visions in Death (August 2004, ISBN 978-0-399-15171-2)
Survivor in Death (February 2005, ISBN 978-0-399-15208-5)
Origin in Death (July 2005, ISBN 978-0-399-15289-4)
Memory in Death (January 2006, ISBN 978-0-399-15328-0)
Haunted in Death also in Bump in the Night
Born in Death (November 2006, ISBN 978-0-399-15347-1)
Innocent in Death (February 2007, ISBN 978-0-399-15401-0)
Creation in Death (November 2007, ISBN 978-0-399-15436-2)
Eternity in Death in Dead of Night and Time of Death
Strangers in Death (February 2008, ISBN 978-0-399-15470-6)
Salvation in Death (November 2008, ISBN 978-0-399-15522-2)
Ritual in Death in Suite 606 and Time of Death
Promises in Death (February 2009, ISBN 978-0-399-15548-2)
Kindred in Death (November 2009, ISBN 978-0-399-15595-6)
Missing in Death in The Lost and Time of Death
Fantasy in Death (January 2010, ISBN 978-0-749-94078-2)
Indulgence in Death (Nov. 2, 2010, ISBN 978-0-399-15687-8)
Possession in Death in The Other Side
Treachery in Death (Feb. 22, 2011, ISBN 978-0-399-15703-5)
New York to Dallas (Sep. 13, 2011, ISBN 978-0-399-15778-3)
Chaos in Death in The Unquiet
Celebrity in Death (Feb. 21, 2012, ISBN 978-0-399-15830-8)
Delusion in Death (Sep. 13, 2012, ISBN 978-0-399-15881-0)
Calculated in Death (Feb. 23, 2013, ISBN 978-0-399-15882-7)
Thankless in Death (September 2013, ISBN 978-0-399-16442-2)
Taken in Death in Mirror, Mirror
Concealed in Death (February 2014, ISBN 978-0-399-16443-9)
Festive in Death (September 2014, ISBN 978-0-399-16444-6)
Obsession in Death (February 2015, ISBN 978-0-399-17087-4)
Devoted in Death (September 2015, ISBN 978-0-399-17088-1)
Wonderment in Death in Down the Rabbit Hole
Brotherhood in Death (February 2016, ISBN 978-0-399-17089-8)
Apprentice in Death (September 2016, ISBN 978-1-101-98797-1)
Echoes in Death (February 2017, ISBN 978-1-250-12311-4)
Secrets in Death (September 2017, ISBN 978-1-250-12315-2)
Dark in Death (January 30, 2018, ISBN 978-1-250-16153-6)
Leverage in Death (September 6, 2018, ISBN 978-0-349-41791-2)
Connections in Death (February 5, 2019, ISBN 978-1250201577
Anthologies[edit]
Silent Night (November 1998, ISBN 978-0-515-12385-2)
Midnight in Death
Out of this World (August 2001, ISBN 978-0-515-13109-3)
Interlude in Death
Bump in the Night (April 2006, ISBN 978-0-515-14117-7)
Haunted in Death
Dead of Night (November 2007, ISBN 978-0-515-14367-6)
Eternity in Death
Suite 606 (November 2008, ISBN 978-0-425-22444-1)
Ritual in Death
The Lost (December 2009, ISBN 978-0-515-14718-6)
Missing in Death
The Other Side (Nov. 30, 2010, ISBN 978-0-515-14867-1)
Possession in Death
The Unquiet (Sep. 27, 2011, ISBN 978-0-515-14998-2)
Chaos in Death
Mirror, Mirror (October 2013)
Taken in Death
Down the Rabbit Hole (September 2015, ISBN 978-1-501-22377-8)
Wonderment In Death
Bundles[edit]
Time of Death ( June 28, 2011)
reprint of novellas
Eternity in Death (30)
Ritual in Death (33)
Missing in Death (36)
Characters[edit]
Main article: in Death characters
Eve Dallas[edit]
She's a NYPSD Lieutenant and head of the Homicide Division at Central. Eve Dallas was the name given to her by a social worker when she was found orphaned in Dallas, Texas. Her husband is the renown Roarke. Their relationship is one of the subplots.
Roarke[edit]
Owner of Roarke Industries and most of earth and its inhabited planets according to his wife, Eve Dallas. Roarke presides over his domain in his New York Office. He is a former criminal turned law abiding citizen.
Time Line[edit]
Naked in Death[edit]
Meet Eve Dallas
Roarke is a suspect in her murder investigation
Glory in Death[edit]
Eve meets Delia Peabody during an investigation of a death at Channel 75.
Roarke proposes to Eve.
Deaths[edit]
This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Below are all deaths - murder victims, murder investigations, and others - that occur in the span of the In Death books, including weapon, cause of death, and the perpetrator. This list does not include any attacks on persons that do not result in death.
Book
Victim
Cause of Death
Weapon
Perpetrator
Naked in Death Sharon DeBlass shot in head, chest and groin Smith & Wesson Model 10 Gerald DeBlass
Lola Starr (Alice Williams) SIG 210, 1980 Derrick Rockman
Georgie Castle Ruger P90
Gerald DeBlass gunshot suicide
Joseph Finestein poisoned pie Hetta Finestein
Glory in Death Cicely Towers slash across throat long-bladed knife C. J. Morse
Yvonne Metcalf
Louise Kirski
C. J. Morse's mother (pre-book)
Immortal in Death Boomer (Carter Johannsen) strangulation & blunt trauma thin baseball bat Lt. Jake Casto
Hetta Moppett (pre-book) blunt trauma to the head
Pandora excessive trauma cane
Cockroach (Lament Ro) blunt trauma to the head iron pipe
Jerry Fitzgerald drug overdose Immortality, morphine and Zeus
Rapture in Death Drew Mathias hanging suicide by mind control via subliminals found virtual reality goggles Dr. Reeanna Ott
S. T. Fitzhugh slashed wrists
Senator Pearly jumping
Cerise Devane
Dr. Reena Ott electric shock to the throat police stunner suicide
Ceremony in Death Det. Sgt. Frank Wojinsky cardiac arrest by drugs Digitalis and Zeus Selina Cross & Alban
Alice Lingstrom chased into street and hit by car paranoia
Lobar (Robert Allen Mathias) removal of heart athame
Thomas Wineburg stabbed in heart
Louis Trivane stabbed in throat & disembowelment Mirium Hopkins
Selina Cross slashed throat Alban
Alban stabbed in heart Jamie Lingstrom
Vengeance in Death Thomas X. Brennen disembowelment, amputation Liam Calhoun
Shawn Conroy exsanguination
Jennie O'Leary slow hanging rope
Liam Calhoun overload of nervous system stunner Roarke
Holiday in Death Marianna Hawley rape, sodomy, strangulation Christmas garland Simon Lastrobe
Sarabeth Greenbalm
Donnie Ray Michael
Brent Holloway
Midnight in Death Harold Wainger torture and hanging (strangulation) nylon strapping rope (hangman's noose) David Palmer
APA Stephanie Ring
Carl Neissan
Conspiracy in Death Snooks (Samuel Petrinsky) removal of heart surgical instruments Dr. Michael Waverly
Erin Spindler (pre-book) removal of kidneys
Jilessa Brown removal of liver
Officer Ellen Bowers blunt trauma metal pipe
Dr. Tia Wo injection of barbiturates drug overdose
Jan the nurse blunt trauma to head, single blow
Dr. Westley Friend (pre-book) injection of barbiturates drug overdose
Loyalty in Death J. Clarence Branson drilled to the wall through the heart Branson 8000 Drill Lisbeth Cooke
Colonel Howard (Fixer) Bassi beaten and drowned in river Droids Cassandra (Clarissa & B. Donald Branson)
300+ unlisted victims bomb explosion in Tea Room of Plaza Hotel terrorist bombs
Lieutenant Anne Malloy and "less than 400" unlisted victims bomb explosions and panicked stampede for exits in Madison Square Garden
B. Donald Branson fall from crown of Statue of Liberty gravity misadventure
Clarissa Branson (Charlotte Rowan) jump from crown of Statue of Liberty suicide
Witness in Death Richard Draco stabbed in heart during stage performance of Witness for the Prosecution butcher knife Areena Mansfield
Linus Quim coerced suicide hanging
Judgment in Death Detective Taj Kohli blunt trauma to head metal baseball bat Sergeant Arthur Clooney
Lieutenant Alan Mills chest cut, from neck to stomach; disembowelment knife
Captain Boyd Bayliss drowning taped-down to bathtub
unnamed former NYPSD officer (pre-book)[3] hanged originally ruled self-termination
unnamed NYPSD officer (pre-book)[3] drowning after slipping in bathtub originally ruled accidental
Lewis unknown drug pressure syringe to heart unknown female assassin
'Clarence Haggerty' Yawly shot in the head police issued weapon Eve Dallas
Officer Thad Clooney (pre-book)[3] exsanguination unspecified unnamed (orders from Max Ricker)
Betrayal in Death Darlene French raped, beaten and strangled two-foot sterling silver wire Sylvester Yost
Jonah Talbot
Sylvester Yost slashed across throat mug shard suicide
Mick Connelly stabbed in stomach knife Michel Gerade
Interlude in Death Reginald Weeks bludgeoned to death metal bat Bryson Hayes
Zita Vinter suicide drugs drugged in wine
Douglas Skinner (former Commander) suicide drugs voluntary suicide
Seduction in Death Bryna Bankhead rape and drug overdose rape drugs Whore & Rabbit Kevin Morano
Grace Lutz Lucias Dunwood
Dr. Theodore McNamara bludgeoning, drowning lamp Lucias Dunwood & Kevin Morano
Kevin Morano poisoned unidentified drug Lucias Dunwood
Lucias Dunwood suicide
Reunion in Death Marsha Stibbs (pre-book) hit to the head glass table Maureen Brighton
Julianna's three husbands (pre-book) poisoned cyanide Julianna Dunne
Walter C. Pettibone
Henry Mouton
Eli Young
Spencer Campbell
Purity in Death Ralph Wooster bludgeoned baseball bat Louis K. Cogburn
Louis K. Cogburn police stunner(s) light & sound frequencies, severe inter-cranial pressure driving victim to suicide The Purity Seekers
Detective Kevin Holloway tranqed
Chadwick Fitzhugh slit own throat
Mary Ellen George hanged self
Nick Greene stabbed self in heart
Hannah Wade stabbed repeatedly kitchen knife Nick Greene
Dru Geller light & sound frequencies The Purity Seekers
Portrait in Death Rachel Howard stabbed through heart stiletto Gerald Stevenson (Steve Audrey)
Kenby Sulu
Alicia Dilbert
Siobhan Brody (Roarke's mother, pre-series) beaten to death Patrick Michael Roarke
Imitation in Death Jacie Wooton slit throat, massive blood loss (killed à la Jack the Ripper) scalpel Niles Renquist
Lois Gregg sexually assaulted and strangled (killed à la Boston Strangler) robe sash/belt
Remember When Andrea Jacobs slash across throat stiletto Trevor Whittier
Tina Cobb severe trauma to head, torso, set on fire baton
Divided in Death Felicity Kade stunned, 14 stab wounds to chest bread knife Blair Bissel
Carter Bissel stunned, 18 stab wounds to chest
Chloe McCoy suicide pills drugged
Joseph Powell laser to carotid artery military laser
Visions in Death Jasper K. McKinney (pre-book)[4] fall from apartment building gravity misadventure
Elisa Maplewood beating, rape, strangulation, removal of eyes red ribbon John Blue
Lily Napier
Marjorie Kates
Breen Merriweather
Ineza Blue
Lena Greenspan (pre-book)[5]
Sarie Parker (pre-book)[5]
8 unnamed women (pre-book)[6]
Annalisa Sommers Celina Sanchez[6]
Survivor in Death Inga Snood slash across throat combat knife Sergeant Roger Kirkendall, Sergeant Isaac Clinton, Corporal Jilly Isenberry
Grant Swisher
Keelie Swisher
Coyle Swisher
Linnie Dyson
Meredith Newman
Detective Owen Knight
Detective James Preston
Dr. Jaynene Brenegan (pre-book, 2055)[7] multiple stab wounds unnamed
Judge Thomas Moss and son Evan Moss (pre-book, 2057)[7] explosion car bomb
Karin Duberry (pre-book, 2058)[7] strangulation manual
Corporal Jilly Isenberry broken neck fall down stairs
Origin in Death Dr. Wilfred B. Icove stabbed in chest scalpel Deena Flavia
Dr. Wilfred Icove, Jr. Avril Icove
Evelyn Samuels Deena Flavia
Deena Flavia laser blast laser Jonah Delacourt Wilson (clone)
Dr. Wilfred B. Icove (clone)
Jonah Delacourt Wilson (clone) Eve Dallas and Roarke
Memory in Death Rosie O'Hara and 150+ unlisted victims (pre-book)[8][9] explosion in nightclub bomb unnamed terrorists
Max "Tubbs" Lawrence jumped out of window under the influence of drugs Zeus misadventure
Leo Jacobs crushed by falling body Max Lawrence
Trudy Lombard fractured skull by multiple blows sap Zana Lombard (Marnie Ralston)
Haunted in Death Radcliff C. Hopkins III bullets to torso, arm, and head 9mm Smith & Wesson Maeve Buchanan
Bobbie Bray (pre-book) single bullet to head Radcliff "Hop" C. Hopkins I
Born in Death Sophia Belego (pre-book) unknown unknown Winfield Chase
Emily Jones (pre-book) head trauma
Natalie Copperfield strangulation after torture manual
Bick Byson
Randall Sloan hanging tranquilized then hanged
Madeline Bullock broken neck manually
Innocent in Death Trevor Straffo (pre-book) broken neck, head trauma push down stairs Rayleen Straffo
Adele Versy (pre-book) overdose surgical paralytic substance
Craig Foster poisoned ricin
Reed Williams paralyzed by poison, drowned surgical paralytic substance
Creation in Death Edwina Spring (pre-book) torture, exsanguination by cut wrist rope, knives, scalpel, needles, sap, blow torch, laser, dry ice, electric shock, and drugs Robert Lowell Sr.
Corrine Dagby (pre-book) Robert Lowell Jr.
Melissa Congress (pre-book)
Anise Waters (pre-book)
Joley Weitz (pre-book)
18 unnamed women and unknown number of other victims (pre-book)
Sarifina York
Gia Rossi
Eternity in Death Gregor Pensky (pre-book) exsanguination from twin puncture wounds in neck artificial vampire fangs Dorian Vadim
Tiara Kent
Allesseria Carter
Strangers in Death Reginald Thomas Anders (pre-book) fractured skull shoved in the shower and slammed head into Italian marble Ava Anders
Ned Custer (pre-book) slit throat and castration knife
Thomas Aurelius Anders strangulation tranquilized then strangled by rope Suzanne Custer
Salvation in Death Nick Soto (pre-book) multiple stab wounds knife Lino Martinez and Penelope Soto
Ronnie Edwards (pre-book) bombing at a school auditorium in 2043 bomb The Soldados/Lino Martinez & Penelope Soto
Kobie Smith (pre-book) bombing at convenience store in 2043
Quinto Turner (pre-book)
Three unnamed minors (pre-book)
Joseph Turner (pre-book, year 2044) hanging Suicide
José Ortega (pre-book) drug overdose unnamed drugs unintentional suicide
Miguel Flores (pre-book) stabbed unknown Steve Chávez
Steve Chávez (pre-book) unknown unknown Lino Martinez
Lino Martinez poisoning potassium cyanide Juanita Rodriguez Turner
Jimmy Jay Jenkins Billy Crocker
Ritual in Death Ava Marsterson ritual killing, slit throat, multiple stab wounds multiple drugs, knives Silas Pratt, Ola Pratt, Lawrence Collins, Bria Collins, Leah Burke, Kiki, Rodney, 6 others
Brian Trosky hammer to cave in his own skull drugged and hypnotized
Promises in Death Amaryllis Coltraine full impact to throat police issue stunner Cleo Grady (on command of Max Ricker)
Rod Sandy stabbed through torso stiletto
Kindred in Death Deena MacMasters raped, beaten, sodomized, strangled Darrin Pauley
Karlene Robins
Missing in Death Dana Buckley slit throat bone dagger Ivan Draski
Fantasy in Death Bart Minnock beheaded sword (holo game) Levar (Var) Hoyt
Indulgence in Death Holly Curlow strangled manually Kevin Donahue
Melly Bristow (pre-book) broken neck manually Winston Dudley IV and Sylvester Moriarity III
Sophia Ricci (pre-book) unknown (body never found) unknown
Linette Jones (pre-book) beaten tire iron
unnamed architect (pre-book) garroted wire
Larinda Villi (pre-book) stabbed through heart unknown
Jamal Houston bolt through neck crossbow Sylvester Moriarity III
Ava Crampton stabbed through heart bayonet Winston Dudley IV
Luc Delaflote impaled through heart harpoon Sylvester Moriarity III
Adrianne Jonas hanged bullwhip Winston Dudley IV
Possession in Death Gizi Szabo stabbed dagger Sasha Korchov
Vanessa Warwich, Allegra Martin, Lucy Quinn and five others (pre-book) slit throat
Treachery in Death Charlie Ochi electrocution homemade Jammer Bruster Lowe, Leon Slater and Jimmy K Rogan
Rickie Keener poisoned apparent (manipulated) overdose Detective Carl Bix (on orders from Lieutenant Renee Oberman)
Detective William Garnet sliced Throat military knife
Detective Gail Devin (pre book) broken neck unknown unknown (on orders from Lieutenant Renee Oberman)
Detective Strumb (pre-book) unknown
New York to Dallas Alice McQueen (pre-book) slit throat knife Isaac McQueen
Carla Bingham (pre-book)
Patricia Coppley (pre-book)
Nancy Draper (pre-book)
4 unnamed victims (pre-book)
Riker's Nurse (pre-book)
Sylvia Prentice (aka Stella)
Officer Malvie laser scalpel Sylvia Prentice (aka Stella)
Chaos in Death Jennifer Darnell strangulation manual Dr. Chaos (alter ego to Ken Dickerson)
Coby Vix bludgeoned pipe
Wilson Bickford multiple stab wounds 4-inch, jagged-edged knife
Eton Billingsly multiple stab wounds and bites knife and teeth
Celebrity in Death Cecil Silcock head trauma cast iron skillet Paul Havertoe
K. T. Harris head trauma, drowned pushed, dragged into pool Joel Steinburger
A. A. Asner smashed skull Maltese falcon statue
Bryson Kane (pre-book) broken neck and other injuries fall/pushed down stairs
Marlin Dessler (pre-book) internal bleeding and other injuries fall/pushed off cliff
Angelica Caulfield and unborn fetus (pre-book) overdose drugs
Jacoby Miles (pre-book) beaten ten-pound dumbbell
Sherri Wendell (pre-book) fall, drowned drugs, pushed
Buster Pearlman (pre-book) overdose drugs and alcohol
Allys Beaker (pre-book) fractured skull slipped in shower
Delusion in Death Lance Abrams, John Burke, Joseph Cattery, Paul Garrison, D B Graham, Travis Greenspan, Evie Hydelburg, Wendy McMahon, Cherie Quinz, Cate Simpson, Hilly Simpson, Macie Snyder, Amie Stewart, Gwen Talbert, Brenden Wang, Katrina and 68 unnamed victims. multiple and varied injuries from weapons of opportunity psycho-active chemical warfare gas Lewis Callaway
Jeni Curve, Brenda Deitz, Carly Fisher, Allison Nighly and 40 unnamed victims.
Calculated in Death Marta Dickenson broken neck manually Clinton Frye (on orders from Sterling Alexander)
Chaz Parzarri asphyxiation manually
Jake Ingersol blunt head trauma claw hammer
Thankless in Death Barbara Reinhold multiple stab wounds kitchen knife Jerald Reinhold
Carl Reinhold blunt trauma baseball bat
Lori Nuccio strangulation cord
Edie Barrett Farnsworth asphyxiation taped plastic bag
Taken in Death Darcia Jordan multiple stab wounds, slit throat ritualist knife Maj Borgstrom
Concealed in Death Linh Carol Penbroke, Shelby Ann Stubacker, Angel West (Jane Doe), Lupa Dison, Mikki Wendall, Iris Kirkwood, Merry Wolcovich, Crystal Hugh, LaRue Freeman, Carlie Bowen, Kim Terrance, and Shashona Maddox drowning bathtub Montclair Jones
Festive in Death Trey Ziegler blunt head trauma trophy Natasha Quigley
Catiana Dubois fractured skull marble ledge (pushed)
Obsession in Death Leanore Bastwick strangled garrote Lottie Roebuck
Wendall Ledo stabbed pool cue
"Wonderment in Death", Down the Rabbit Hole anthology Marcus Fitzwilliams stabbed scissors Darlene Fitzwilliams
Darlene Fitzwilliams fall from height defenestration suicide
Devoted in Death Robert Jansen (pre-book) blunt trauma tire iron and fists Ella-Loo Parsens and Darryl James
Melvin Little, Noah Paston, Ava Enderson, Jacob Fastbinder, and 24 unnamed victims (pre-book) torture then exsanguination variety of tools
Samuel Zed (pre-book) blunt trauma
Dorian Kuper torture then exsanguination variety of tools
Brotherhood in Death Edward Mira hanged chandelier/torture Women assaulted by "The Brotherhood"
Jonas Wymann
Frederick Betz
William Stevenson (pre-book) hanged suicide
Apprentice in Death Susann Prinz Mackie (pre-book) hit car Brian T. Fine
Ellissa Wyman shot rifle with laser assist Reginald and Willow Mackie
Brent Michaelson
Alan Markum
Fern Addison
Officer Kevin Russo
Nathaniel Jarvits
David Chang
Jonah Rothstein and 17 unnamed victims at Madison Square Garden Willow Mackie
Echoes in Death Anthony Strazza blunt force trauma vase Daphne Strazza
Xavier Carver slit throat scalpel Kyle Knightly
Miko Carver strangled rope
Secrets in Death Larinda Mars stabbed in arm scalpel William Hyatt
Kellie Lowry stabbed in leg
Dark in Death Rosie Kent strangled white ribbon Ann Elizabeth Smith
Chanel Rylan stabbed in the neck ice pick
Loxie Flash poisoned cyanide
Note: "stunner" and "laser" are both terms used interchangeably for the fictional weapons that the NYPSD carry in the In Death books; they release a strong electrical, laser-like stun that can do anything from incapacitating to killing the victim.
See also[edit]
Novels portal
In Death (technology)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Roberts, Nora (18 April 2014). "Eve And Roarke With No Body". Fall Into The Story. Retrieved 7 December 2017. So, no babies, not now. No charming orphans of any age. No pregnancy scares, no miscarriages, no foundlings, no street-wise kid who needs a good home. Did I leave anything out? If so, fill it in, then answer no.... I'm sorry some readers are disappointed I'm not taking the series and the characters in this direction, but I'm not. Repeat: I. Am. Not. The readers who insist on telling me why this could/should work are wasting their time. I don't agree, and I write the books.
Jump up ^ Robb, J.D. "FAQ". J.D.ROBB. When will Eve and Roarke have a baby? Nora has said repeatedly that a baby would signal the end of the series. In her opinion, a baby changes everything (for the better) and the focus of the series would change radically. In no way does this mean Nora thinks a mother can't be an excellent police officer (or attorney or any other type of professional). It does mean that many of the things readers love about Eve and Roarke's life together would change (i.e., leaving home for hours on end only to return to continue working in their home offices).
^ Jump up to: a b c Robb, J.D. (2000). "Chapter Twenty". Judgment in Death (eBook)|format= requires |url= (help). Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781101203798.
Jump up ^ Robb, J.D. (2005). "Chapter One". Visions in Death (eBook)|format= requires |url= (help). Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781101204979.
^ Jump up to: a b Robb, Visions in Death, Chapter Twenty-two.
^ Jump up to: a b Robb, Visions in Death, Chapter Twenty-three.
^ Jump up to: a b c Robb, J.D. (2005). "Chapter Thirteen". Survivor in Death (eBook)|format= requires |url= (help). Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781101205006.
Jump up ^ Robb, J.D. (2006). "Chapter 21". Memory in Death (eBook)|format= requires |url= (help). Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781101205488.
Jump up ^ Memory in Death, "Chapter 16".
Further reading[edit]
Little, Denise, & Hayden, Laura, The Official Nora Roberts Companion (New York: Berkley, 2003). ISBN 0-425-18344-0
External links[edit]
J.D. Robb
Series listing at SciFan
In Death series listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Frequently asked questions about the series
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Shout (The Isley Brothers song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Shout"
A-side track label of the US vinyl release
Single by The Isley Brothers
from the album Shout!
A-side
"Shout - part 1"
B-side
"Shout - part 2"
Released
September 21, 1959
Format
7" single
Recorded
August 5, 1959, RCA Victor's Music Center Of The World, New York City
Genre
Rock and roll[1]
gospel[1]
Length
2:15 (part 1)
2:10 (part 2)
Label
RCA Victor
Songwriter(s)
O'Kelly Isley, Jr.
Rudolph Isley
Ronald Isley
Producer(s)
Hugo & Luigi
The Isley Brothers singles chronology
"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door"
(1959) "Shout"
(1959) "Respectable"
(1960)
"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door"
(1959) "Shout!"
(1959) "Respectable"
(1960)
"Shout" is a popular American song, originally recorded by the Isley Brothers. Released in 1959, it was written by the brothers themselves as a call and response answer to Jackie Wilson's "Lonely Teardrops", which they would occasionally cover in live performances.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 In popular culture
3 Cover versions
4 Personnel
4.1 The Shangri-Las version
4.2 Lulu version
4.3 The Beatles version
4.4 Buffalo Bills version
4.5 "I Know/Shout" - Save Ferris version
5 Sesame Street parody
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
While the song did not reach higher than #47 on the Billboard Hot 100, it became the brothers' first gold single on the basis of its longevity, and it became a much-covered tune, with many U.S. and international artists recording the song.
One month after the initial release, Johnny O'Keefe covered it in his Australian TV show Six O'Clock Rock and released it as a single, reaching #2 in Australia. His 1964 re-recording was only a minor hit at #49.[2] Joey Dee and the Starliters reached #6 with their recording of the song in 1962 (The Starlighters also worked the call-and-response portion of the song into its even bigger hit, "Peppermint Twist"), while the Isley Brothers' version re-charted that same year at #94.
Scottish pop singer Lulu had a #7 UK hit with the song in 1964 (attributed to Lulu and the Luvvers),[3][4] and a #8 UK hit with a re-recorded version in 1986.[4] The Shangri-Las included a version of the song in their debut LP Leader of the Pack[5] in 1965 as did the Kingsmen on their Volume 3 album in 1965 and 15 Great Hits album in 1966. Tommy James and the Shondells recorded a version of the song on their 1967 album, I Think We're Alone Now.[6] The Ronettes frequently covered the song in live performances as well, including their appearance in The Big TNT Show. The Trammps released a version of the song in 1975.
The song, as performed by Otis Day and the Knights, was also prominently featured in the 1978 fraternity house film National Lampoon's Animal House. To this day, the song is regularly performed at Dartmouth College, the Ivy League institution in Hanover, New Hampshire, upon which the Animal House story was based, and at the University of Oregon, where the movie was filmed. The 1959 original by the Isley Brothers appeared in the 1982 comedy film Diner, and the Cheers fourth season episode "Suspicion". Question Mark & the Mysterians recorded a version of the song on their 1967 album, Action.[7] Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 1996 album Club Chipmunk: The Dance Mixes with Simon providing the lead vocals. The Beatles included a live version of the song on their 1996 rarities compilation, Anthology 1. American rock group Bon Jovi has covered this song live preceded by "Bad Medicine". American punk rock band Green Day performed the song on their 2005 live album Bullet in a Bible after "King for a Day".[8] Green Day has also regularly performed the song during their live shows since at least 2005, always after "King for a Day". Also Bruce Springsteen often performs this song live in a medley with "Twist and Shout". Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) and Brittany Pierce (Heather Morris) performed the song in the 2013 Glee episode "Girls (and Boys) On Film". Robbie Williams performed the song as part of a "Call & Response Medley" on his Swings Both Ways tour in 2014, along with "Reet Petite" and "Hit the Road Jack".
The song was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. It ranked #118 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
In popular culture[edit]
This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017)
"Shout" has woven itself into many iconic American media such as a dance song in which people progressively crouch down to the dance floor as the song gets quieter. For example, at the end of the third quarter of an Oregon Ducks game at Autzen Stadium, in recognition of National Lampoon's Animal House being filmed at the University of Oregon in 1977-78, the crowd traditionally dances to the song. The National Football League (NFL)'s Buffalo Bills currently use a one-minute version of the song as their fight song.[9][10]
Cover versions[edit]
Johnny O'Keefe 1959 (One month after the original release).
Joey Dee & The Starliters November 1961
Dion July 1962
Carl Holmes and His Commanders 1962
Keely Smith 1962
Teddy Randazzo 1962
The Legends 1963
Lulu and the Luvvers April 1964
Joan Baxter June 1964
The Shangri-Las December 1964
The Beatles recorded 1964, released 1995 [11]
The Kingsmen February 1965
Trini Lopez August 1965
Peter Belli & Les Rivals September 1965
Dinah Lee 1965
Tommy James and The Shondells February 1967
Cliff Richard April 1967
The Underground 1967
Ricardo Ray Orchestra 1968
The Chambers Brothers 1968
The Trammps June 1974
Kisa 1974
Otis Day and the Knights 1978
Joan Jett 1980
Garland Jeffreys 1982
The Shillelagh Sisters 1984
Mint Juleps 1985
Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers January 1986
Petticoat 1989
Scooters March 25, 1992
Deloris & The Sisters & The Ronelles 1992
Sugar Beats 1993
The Forever Fabulous Chickenhawks July 6, 1999
Alex Harvey and His Soul Band August 11, 1999
The Rivieras September 12, 2000
Leo Night & The Moonlighters February 5, 2002
Connie Fisher 2006
Choir of Hard Knocks 2007
Lisa del Bo April 4, 2008
Dartmouth Aires 2011
The Brown Derbies 2011
Winston Apple August 2012
Garth Brooks November 28, 2013
Boyz Nite Out 2013
Human Nature July 22, 2016[12]
Personnel[edit]
Rudolph Isley – lead vocals
Ronald Isley – background vocals
O'Kelly Isley, Jr. – background vocals
The Shangri-Las version[edit]
Mary Weiss — lead vocals
Mary Ann Ganser — background vocals
Margie Ganser — background vocals
Lulu version[edit]
Lulu — lead vocals
The Beatles version[edit]
John Lennon — vocals, lead guitar
Paul McCartney — vocals, bass
George Harrison — vocals, lead guitar
Ringo Starr — vocals, drums
Buffalo Bills version[edit]
Scott Kemper — vocals, keyboards
"I Know/Shout" - Save Ferris version[edit]
Monique Powell - vocals
Sesame Street parody[edit]
In the episode "Music Magic", this parody is called "Shirt" when Elmo casts a musical spell on Chris, Leena and the rest of those in the washing machine zone with Abby Cadabby's wand. Chris gets the others to clean the mustard stain off his favorite shirt.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Isley Brothers - Inductees - The Vocal Group Hall of Fame Foundation". Vocalgroup.org. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Johnny O'Keefe with the Rajahs - Shout (Parts 1 & 2)". Where Did They Get That Song?. PopArchives.com.au. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lulu and the Luvers: Shout". 45cat.com. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "UK Top 40 Hit Database". EveryHit.com. Archived from the original on March 19, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2011. Enter Lulu for Artist and Shout for Title and click Search.
Jump up ^ "The Shangri-Las Albums". TheShangri-Las.com. Leader of the Pack. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Tommy James and the Shondells, I Think We're Alone Now Retrieved August 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Question Mark & the Mysterians, Action Retrieved July 3, 2015
Jump up ^ "Green Day - Bullet In A Bible Album Tracklist". Sing365.com. 2005-11-15. Retrieved 2014-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Buffalo Bills Shout Song". Buffalo Bills. September 27, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lipshutz, Jason (September 4, 2014). "The 10 Best NFL Fight Songs". Billboard. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.discogs.com/de/The-Beatles-Anthology-1-Special-Limited-Edition/master/59388
Jump up ^ https://secondhandsongs.com/performance/2825
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Performance of "Shout" at The Dick Clark Show on YouTube
Performance of "Shout" live by Johnny O'Keefe on YouTube
[show]
v
t
e
The Isley Brothers
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Shout!
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This Old Heart of Mine
Soul on the Rocks
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Brother, Brother, Brother
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See also
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[show]
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[show]
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"Shout"
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Related articles
Earl Young
[show]
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Dion DiMucci
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"Come Go with Me"
"Donna the Prima Donna"
"Drip Drop"
"I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man"
"Shout"
"Johnny B. Goode"
"Abraham, Martin and John"
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Book:Dion DiMucci
[show]
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