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The Kentucky Headhunters
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The Kentucky Headhunters
(L-R: Richard Young, Fred Young, Doug Phelps, Greg Martin) Photograph by Brad U. Wheeler
Background information
Also known as
Itchy Brother
Origin
Metcalfe County, Kentucky, U.S.
Genres
Country rock[1]
Southern rock[1]
Years active
1968 – 1982, 1986 – present
Labels
King Fargo
Swan Song
Mercury
BNA
Koch/Audium
CBuJ Entertainment
Red Dirt
Alligator
Plowboy
Associated acts
Brother Phelps
Johnnie Johnson
Website
www.kentuckyheadhunters.com
Members
Greg Martin
Fred Young
Richard Young
Doug Phelps
Past members
James Harrison
Anthony Kenney
Ricky Lee Phelps
Mark S. Orr
The Kentucky Headhunters is an American country rock and Southern rock band. They were founded in 1968 as Itchy Brother, which consisted of brothers Richard Young (rhythm guitar, vocals) and Fred Young (drums) along with Greg Martin (lead guitar, vocals) and Anthony Kenney (bass guitar, vocals). Itchy Brother performed together until 1982, with James Harrison replacing Martin from 1973 to 1976. The Young brothers and Martin began performing as The Kentucky Headhunters in 1986, adding brothers Ricky Lee Phelps (lead vocals, harmonica) and Doug Phelps (bass guitar, vocals) to the membership.
With the release of their 1989 debut album Pickin' on Nashville via Mercury Records, the band charted four consecutive Top 40 country singles. A second album for Mercury, Electric Barnyard, did not do as well commercially, and the Phelps brothers left after its release to form Brother Phelps. Kenney re-joined and Mark S. Orr took over on lead vocals for 1993's Rave On!! and a compilation album entitled The Best of The Kentucky Headhunters: Still Pickin' before the band exited Mercury. Orr left and Doug Phelps rejoined in 1996 as lead vocalist for the album Stompin' Grounds. He also led on the Audium Entertainment albums Songs from the Grass String Ranch and Soul, as well as Big Boss Man and a second compilation, Flying Under the Radar, on CBuJ Entertainment. After Kenney's departure, Doug once again became the band's bass guitarist by the release of its next album, Dixie Lullabies, in 2011.
The Kentucky Headhunters have released eight studio albums, three compilations, and twenty-three singles, of which the highest-peaking is a cover of the Don Gibson song "Oh Lonesome Me," which the band took to number 8 in 1990. In addition, the band has won three Country Music Association awards, an Academy of Country Music award and a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, won in 1990 for Pickin' on Nashville.
Contents
1 History
1.1 1968–1982: Early years as Itchy Brother
1.2 1986–1988: Reunion with new name
1.3 1989–1990: Debut album and early success
1.4 1991–1992: Second album and departure of the Phelps brothers
1.5 1992–1994: New line-up and lack of success
1.6 1995–2002: Reunion with Doug Phelps
1.7 2003–2006: Subsequent albums
1.8 2007–present: Flying Under the Radar, Dixie Lullabies, and Meet Me in Bluesland
2 Work with other artists
3 Musical styles
4 Band members
5 Discography
6 Awards
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
1968–1982: Early years as Itchy Brother[edit]
Richard Young, his younger brother Fred, and their cousins Anthony Kenney and Greg Martin began performing music in the Youngs' and Kenney's hometown of Glasgow, Kentucky in the 1960s. They founded a band called Itchy Brother,[2] named after Fred's favorite cartoon character,[3] from King Leonardo and His Short Subjects. The band achieved regional success in Kentucky in the 1970s, including at least one single, "Shotgun Effie," which they wrote about the Youngs' grandmother, Effie.[4] It was released in 1973 on the King Fargo label. That same year, Greg Martin left the group to play in another band in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky. In the meantime, guitarist James Harrison took his place. Martin returned to the group in 1976.[5]
Itchy Brother was almost signed to Swan Song Records, an independent label founded by the band Led Zeppelin, in 1980. The label closed after Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham died, and Itchy Brother never recorded a full album on Swan Song.[6] Itchy Brother broke up in 1982. After their disbanding, Richard started writing songs for Acuff-Rose Music, and Fred became a backing musician for country singer Sylvia, who at the time was recording on RCA Records. Martin played bass guitar and sang backing vocals for Ronnie McDowell, then a recording artist for Curb Records, and Kenney stopped performing, although he continued to write songs with the Young brothers.[2]
1986–1988: Reunion with new name[edit]
When Martin attempted to reunite Itchy Brother in 1985, the Young brothers joined him, but Kenney declined. Martin invited Missouri Bootheel native Doug Phelps,[7] also a member of McDowell's band, to replace Kenney, and Doug brought his older brother Ricky Lee to sing lead vocals and play harmonica.[1] The band decided to name themselves The Headhunters, taking the name from the term "headchopper," which blues musician Muddy Waters used to indicate that he had supplanted another band in a gig. After discovering that other bands existed with that name, the band added "Kentucky" to its name and thus became The Kentucky Headhunters.[3][8] The Kentucky Headhunters began performing together the following year, playing twice monthly on the 90-minute Chitlin' Show, a radio program on WLOC in Munfordville, Kentucky.[1]
1989–1990: Debut album and early success[edit]
The Kentucky Headhunters borrowed $4,500[9] to record a demo album, which included seven original songs, plus covers of Bill Monroe's "Walk Softly on This Heart of Mine," Henson Cargill's "Skip a Rope" and Don Gibson's "Oh Lonesome Me."[9] Originally intended to be sold at the band's live shows, the demo tape came to the attention of the Nashville music community.[6] Although Martin said that the band had not seriously considered signing a record deal, the band pursued one through the suggestion of its manager, Mitchell Fox.[10] Harold Shedd, a record producer who was then the head of Mercury Records, helped sign The Kentucky Headhunters to the label in 1989.
Mercury released the demo in 1989 as The Kentucky Headhunters' debut album, Pickin' on Nashville. The album produced four singles, all of which reached top 40 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. The first of these, the "Walk Softly on This Heart of Mine" cover, peaked at number 25 in December 1989.[11] After it came "Dumas Walker," about a then-74-year-old marbles player who owned a liquor store that the band frequented. According to Doug, Mercury Records was initially reluctant to release the song as a single: "[The label] thought it was too regional, and that no one outside the area would get it, but what they didn't see, was the reaction we got to it every night that we played it in front of a crowd, and it didn't matter where we were playing either."[8] The single peaked at number 15 on the Billboard chart.[11]
Following "Dumas Walker" was the "Oh Lonesome Me" cover; peaking at number eight, this was the band's only Top Ten hit. Finishing off the single releases was the number 23 "Rock 'n' Roll Angel",[11] which Richard wrote. Pickin' on Nashville also earned the band a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, Best New Vocal Group award from the Academy of Country Music (ACM), and Album of the Year and Vocal Group of the Year awards from the Country Music Association (CMA).[12][13] In addition, it earned a double-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping two million copies in the United States.[14] William Ruhlmann of Allmusic gave the album a four-and-a-half star rating out of five, saying that the band was "all the better" for having a sound closer to rock than country.[15] After the success of their debut album, The Kentucky Headhunters began touring with Hank Williams, Jr. and Delbert McClinton.[16]
1991–1992: Second album and departure of the Phelps brothers[edit]
In 1991, the band released their second album, Electric Barnyard. Although the album earned a gold certification from the RIAA[14] and a second CMA award for Vocal Group of the Year, its singles received little airplay compared to the band's previous releases,[17] with none of the four singles reaching the top 40 on the U.S. country charts. The album's first single was a cover of "The Ballad of Davy Crockett," which was released on the 155th anniversary of Davy Crockett's death;[18] the single shipped to radio with promotional coonskin caps.[19] It spent eleven weeks on the charts and peaked at 49.[11] "With Body and Soul" was the next single released, peaking at number 30 on the Canadian RPM country charts but reaching number 56 in the United States.[11] The third and fourth singles were the original composition "It's Chitlin' Time" and a rendition of Waylon Jennings's "Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line," at numbers 63 and 60 respectively.[11] Norman Greenbaum's 1969 single "Spirit in the Sky" was covered on this album as well.[3]
This album was met with mixed reception from critics. Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly gave it an A rating, saying that it "skillfully blends raw wit, the working-class energy of sweat-stained factory workers jamming between shifts, and musical styles as diverse as the corny Tennessee Ernie Ford and the creamy Eric Clapton."[20] Allmusic critic Brian Mansfield, who gave it three-and-a-half stars, called the band a "top-notch Southern rock band with a sense of humor," and said that the covers on Electric Barnyard were highlights, while the originals were "adequate, offbeat filler."[21] Randy Lewis of the Los Angeles Times called the band "ZZ Top lite" and said that most of the songs on the album had a "party-hearty sound."[22]
Later in 1991, The Kentucky Headhunters performed with Roy Rogers on the song "That's How the West Was Swung" from his Tribute album,[23] and covered Canned Heat's "Let's Work Together" for the soundtrack to the film Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man.[24] In addition, Martin played lead guitar for Canadian synthpop band Men Without Hats on its 1991 album Sideways[25] and filled in for Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd guitarist Ed King on that band's 1992 tour, as King was injured at the time.[26]
Ricky Lee and Doug departed in June 1992 due to creative differences. According to Richard, Ricky Lee's tenure as lead vocalist was "a bad time" for the band given his opposition to Richard's opinions, although Richard was still surprised to hear of the brothers' departure,[17] and said, "I tried everything I could to get them to stay."[27] Ricky Lee, meanwhile, said that he "was a country singer more than anything" and wanted to eliminate most of the band's hard rock sounds.[28] He and Doug then founded Brother Phelps, which had a more mainstream country sound than The Kentucky Headhunters did.[29] Brother Phelps released two albums for Asylum Records and charted in the country top 40 with "Let Go" and "Were You Really Livin' ," which peaked at number 6 and 28 respectively.[29]
1992–1994: New line-up and lack of success[edit]
Kenney rejoined in 1992 as bass guitarist, and Charlotte, Michigan native Mark S. Orr took over on lead vocals.[17] The first album to feature Orr and Kenney, the more blues rock-oriented Rave On!!, was released in 1993.[1] Although the band drew attention by touring with then-labelmate Billy Ray Cyrus, Rave On!! sold poorly[3][28] and failed to produce a successful single among its three releases: "Honky Tonk Walkin' ," "Blue Moon of Kentucky" and "Dixie Fried," the latter two being covers of Bill Monroe and Carl Perkins, respectively. The album also included a cover of The Lovin' Spoonful's "My Gal".[30] "Honky Tonk Walkin'" and "Dixie Fried" respectively reached numbers 54 and 71 on the country charts,[11] while the "Blue Moon of Kentucky" cover did not chart.
Mansfield gave a two-star rating for Allmusic, where he wrote that the band had "devolved into a redneck boogie group."[30] Nash's review for Entertainment Weekly gave it a C- grade, and called it "warmed-over blues" that lacked the "outrageousness, wit, and brilliance that distinguished their earlier albums."[31] Steve Morse of The Boston Globe called it an "irresistible car-stereo album,"[32] and Rolling Stone critic John Swenson said that the album was more rock-oriented than its predecessors, also saying that it "sounds like a hell of a blueprint for a summer concert tour."[33]
The Orr-led lineup also recorded That'll Work, a collaborative album with Chuck Berry's pianist, Johnnie Johnson.[17] It was released later in 1993 via Nonesuch Records, and it comprised twelve songs which Johnson and the band wrote over the course of four days.[34] The album featured Johnson on piano, as well as lead vocals on the title track and one other song; Jimmy Hall of Wet Willie also played harmonica and saxophone, and sang backing vocals.[35] Thom Owens of Allmusic wrote of this album that "They certainly can work a heavy, bluesy groove with dexterity, but they lack the gonzo charm they had on their debut, Pickin' on Nashville — there simply isn't the sense of careening fun, nor is there the reckless fusions that resulted in such an invigorating listen."[36] One year later, Mercury released a greatest hits package, The Best of The Kentucky Headhunters: Still Pickin'. It reprised singles and other songs from the band's first three albums, as well as "Let's Work Together" and a cover of The Beatles' "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away," which The Kentucky Headhunters had previously recorded on the 1994 tribute album Shared Vision: The Songs of the Beatles.[37] After Still Pickin', The Kentucky Headhunters left Mercury.[17]
1995–2002: Reunion with Doug Phelps[edit]
Orr left The Kentucky Headhunters in August 1995 because he "was wantin' to do somethin' else," according to Richard.[38] Richard then called Doug and invited him to rejoin the band. As a result, Brother Phelps disbanded and Ricky Lee pursued a solo career.[38] In 1997, The Kentucky Headhunters signed to BNA Records to release its fourth non-collaborative studio album, Stompin' Grounds, with Doug on lead vocals. This album was also an unsuccessful venture, failing to enter the country albums charts and producing only a number 70-peaking cover of Marty Robbins' "Singing the Blues".[11][39] In order to promote the album, Richard suggested that the label send free copies to smaller-market radio stations, where the band's fanbase was still strong.[39] He also considered the album's original songs as the strongest that the band had ever written.[40] Brian Wahlert of Country Standard Time magazine wrote that it "may be the band's best album ever;"[41] Thom Owens gave the album two-and-a-half stars in his Allmusic review, where he wrote that the band "show[ed] a lack of imagination" and "sound[ed] considerably less energetic and exciting" than on the first two albums.[42]
Songs from the Grass String Ranch, the band's next album, was completed almost 18 months before its release. The band had consulted with 38 different independent labels before signing to Audium Entertainment, a branch of Koch Records (now E1 Music), which released the album in 2000.[39] Three months before its release, Richard suffered a heart attack, from which he soon recovered.[39] Because the "Singing the Blues" cover had been unsuccessful, the group decided to record entirely original songs for Songs from the Grass String Ranch. All five members co-wrote all of the songs, with assistance from Verlon Dale Grissom on four of them.[43] In addition, this album featured the Youngs on lead vocals for the first time: Fred on "Dry-Land Fish" and Richard on "Louisianna CoCo."[43] The title track was inspired by a nickname given to the Youngs' family farm.[39] "Too Much to Lose" was the album's first single, peaking at number 66 on Billboard country chart.[11] Richard considered this song an unusual single release because it was the band's first ballad.[39] Neither of the next two singles, "Louisianna CoCo" and "Love That Woman," appeared on the music charts. Giving it three stars out of five, Al Campbell of Allmusic said that it was "crowd-pleasing" but "nothing out of the ordinary."[44] An uncredited review in The Ledger, which gave the album two-and-a-half stars out of four, said that the up-tempo songs were "nothing very original[…]but lots of fun" but added that its ballads were "mushy and earnest."[45]
2003–2006: Subsequent albums[edit]
Soul followed in 2003, also on Audium.[1] This album also featured Johnnie Johnson, as well as guest appearances by organist Reese Wynans (of Double Trouble), saxophone player Jim Horn, and a local musician named Robbie Bartlett,[2] who sang guest vocals on "Everyday People." It included the non-charting single "Lonely Nights" and a tribute song to Carl Perkins entitled "Last Night I Met Carl Perkins", as well as two covers: "I Still Wanna Be Your Man," originally recorded by Eddie Hinton, and "Have You Ever Loved a Woman?," a blues standard made famous by Eric Clapton.[46] This album received generally favorable reviews. Mark Deming gave a three-star rating for Allmusic, saying that the album's more rhythm and blues and soul-influenced sound worked well due to the blues influences present in Southern rock, although he added that the album retained the "big guitar bombast" of the band's previous works.[47] Matt Bjorke of About.com considered its sound a departure from the earlier albums, but added "it's not hard to see that the band fully enjoys what they are doing" and highlighted the presence of a horn section and Hammond B-3 organ on some tracks.[46] Ray Waddell of Billboard magazine considered Wynans' and Johnson's contributions "perfect fits", and noted that the album was "laid back" until the second half. His review also mentions the extended drum solo and "stone blues coda" of the closing track "What You See Is What You Get."[48]
In 2005, following the closure of Audium, the band signed to the CBuJ Entertainment label. Its first release for the label was Big Boss Man, an album composed entirely of cover songs.[1] This album was led off by its title track, a cover of the Jimmy Reed blues standard.[49] Also released from it were renditions of Roger Miller's "Chug-a-Lug" and Hank Williams' "Take These Chains from My Heart". The project was financed by Sony/ATV Music Publishing as a means of making extra money from older songs in the publishing company's catalog.[50] Richard helped select the songs for this album, which included three other Hank Williams covers,[50] as well as Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone," The Beatles' "I'm Down," and Patsy Cline's "Walkin' After Midnight," among others.[51] Despite saying that the album was "obviously aimed at longtime fans," Greg Prato of Allmusic gave it three-and-a-half stars, with his review making note of the "beefed-up" Patsy Cline and Hank Williams covers.[52] Ray Waddell of Billboard called the album "loose and rowdy," saying that the band "injected soul" into the Dylan cover and recorded an "intoxicating" version of "Chug-a-Lug," although he said that the "Hey Good Lookin'" cover was "heavy-handed."[53] Robert Woolridge gave a mostly-favorable review for Country Standard Time, citing "Chug-a-Lug" and "So Sad to See Good Love Go Bad" (originally by The Everly Brothers) as the most country-sounding. He also described three of the Hank Williams covers positively, but said that Phelps did not have a suitable vocal range for "I'm Down" and that his voice was monotonous on "Walkin' After Midnight."[54]
2007–present: Flying Under the Radar, Dixie Lullabies, and Meet Me in Bluesland[edit]
One year later, CBuJ Entertainment released the compilation Flying Under the Radar, which comprised selections from Songs from the Grass String Ranch, Soul and Big Boss Man, as well as two new songs and a remix of "Chug-a-Lug."[49] Kenney left the band around 2008 to take a job as the technical director of a theatre in Glasgow, Kentucky,[55] and Doug has since taken over on bass guitar. To celebrate the 20th anniversary of the release of Pickin' on Nashville, the band released a live album entitled Authorized Bootleg: Live – Agara Ballroom – Cleveland, Ohio.[56] It was followed in October 2011 by Dixie Lullabies on the Red Dirt label, which the band recorded at the Practice House after touring with Jamey Johnson.[57] William Ruhlmann gave this album a positive review, comparing the sound to The Rolling Stones and ZZ Top.[58]
In April 2015, the band released another collaborative album with Johnson entitled Meet Me in Bluesland, via Alligator Records. It was originally recorded in 2003 during the sessions for Soul.[59][60] On Safari came in 2016. This album features several songs that the band had written years prior, including "Crazy Jim", which like "Dumas Walker" was inspired by a local man that the band members knew; "Governor's Cup", the band's first ever instrumental track; and a cover of Alice Cooper's "Caught in a Dream".[61]
Work with other artists[edit]
The band's members have also participated in several projects involving other artists. Richard Young co-produced some tracks on Flynnville Train's self-titled debut album, which was released on September 11, 2007 by Show Dog Nashville, a label owned by Toby Keith (now part of Show Dog-Universal Music).[62] This album includes the song "Truck Stop in the Sky," which Richard and Fred co-wrote with two of Flynnville Train's members, brothers Brent Flynn and David Flynn.[63] Also in 2007, Greg Martin released a gospel rock album called The Mighty Jeremiahs as a side project. The album features Jimmy Hall and Jeff Beck, plus appearances by members of The Kentucky Headhunters, Phil Keaggy, Darrell Mansfield (for whom Martin has previously played), and others.[64][65] Martin also played for Hall on his 2007 album Build Your Own Fire, a tribute album to Eddie Hinton.[66] In 2009, Martin began a side project called Rufus Huff with Chris Hardesty, Dean Smith, and Jarrod England. This side project released an album via Zoho Music in April 2009.[67][68]
Richard, along with Stan Webb and former MCA Nashville Records artist Marty Brown, wrote Tracy Byrd's 1998 single "I'm from the Country." Brown and the band also recorded the song's demo version.[69] Richard's son, John Fred Young, plays drums in the rock band Black Stone Cherry. The band practices at the same farm house where The Kentucky Headhunters once rehearsed.[70]
Musical styles[edit]
The band's sound is influenced by country music, blues, Southern rock, and heavy metal,[1][6][71] and has been described as "guitar-heavy, rambunctious music."[15] Lead singer Doug Phelps' voice has been described as "alternately suggest[ing] Count Basie's storied blues shouter Jimmy Rushing and the laid-back cool of Eagle Glenn Frey."[72] The band's combination of styles is most notable in its cover song choices on early albums. All three Mercury albums contain a Bill Monroe cover, and other covers on these albums include Waylon Jennings, Carl Perkins, Norman Greenbaum and The Lovin' Spoonful.[3][30] Soul showcased the band's blues and R&B influences through its use of Hammond organ and a horn section.[73][74] The band's original compositions, such as "Dumas Walker" and the title track to Songs from the Grass String Ranch, often develop a regional theme.[8]
At its peak in the early 1990s, The Kentucky Headhunters were considered a dark horse in country music, due to the significant mainstream attention that the band received despite their rougher sound and the members' rural Southern image.[10][75] In 1991, Entertainment Weekly critic Alanna Nash wrote that although the band did not sell as many albums as contemporaries George Strait or Garth Brooks, "they may just end up redefining country for the '90s" given the diverse range of influences and styles.[20] Billboard critic Ray Waddell called the band "arguably the most consistent and durable Southern rock outfit on the planet."[53]
Band members[edit]
Greg Martin – lead guitar, background vocals (1968-1973, 1976–1982, 1986–present)
Doug Phelps – bass guitar, background vocals (1986–1992, 2008–present); lead vocals (1995–present); rhythm guitar (1995–2008)
Fred Young – drums, background vocals (1968–1982, 1986–present)
Richard Young – rhythm guitar, lead and background vocals (1968–1982, 1986–present)
Former members
James Harrison - lead guitar (1973-1976)
Anthony Kenney – bass guitar, harmonica, background vocals (1968–1982, 1992–2008)
Mark S. Orr – lead vocals (1992–1995)
Ricky Lee Phelps – lead vocals, harmonica (1986–1992)
Discography[edit]
Main article: The Kentucky Headhunters discography
Studio albums
Pickin' on Nashville (1989)
Electric Barnyard (1991)
Rave On!! (1993)
That'll Work (with Johnnie Johnson) (1993)
Stompin' Grounds (1997)
Songs from the Grass String Ranch (2000)
Soul (2003)
Big Boss Man (2005)
Dixie Lullabies (2011)
Meet Me in Bluesland (with Johnnie Johnson) (2015)
On Safari (2016)
Awards[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Result
1989 Academy of Country Music Top New Vocal Duo or Group Won
1990 Country Music Association Album of the Year — Pickin' on Nashville[12] Won
Vocal Group of the Year[12] Won
Grammy Awards Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — Pickin' on Nashville[76] Won
1991 Country Music Association Vocal Group of the Year[12] Won
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^ Jump up to: a b Bjorke, Matt. "Soul review". About.com. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
Jump up ^ Deming, Mark. "Soul review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
Jump up ^ Waddell, Ray (2003-05-17). "Album reviews". Billboard: 40. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
^ Jump up to: a b Iwasaki, Scott (2006-09-07). "Headhunters' hits worth repeating". Deseret News. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ Jump up to: a b Morris, Edward (2005-06-27). "The Kentucky Headhunters Rock Music Row". CMT. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ Coleman, Kathy. "Big Boss Man review". About.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
Jump up ^ Prato, Greg. "Big Boss Man review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
^ Jump up to: a b Waddell, Ray (2005-06-23). "Music reviews: Big Boss Man". Billboard: 39–40.
Jump up ^ Woolridge, Robert. "Big Boss Man review". Country Standard Time. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
Jump up ^ Kinslow, Gina (2008-08-14). "His efforts are a tribute to Elvis". Glasgow Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
Jump up ^ "Previously Unreleased 1990 Concert Captures the Kentucky Headhunters at Their Crowd-Pleasin', Fun-Lovin', Grammy-Winnin', Platinum-Sellin', Southern Rockin' Best". PR Newswire. 2009-09-03. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ Gleason, Holly (31 October 2011). "Something Special: More than 20 years after their biggest commercial success, The Kentucky Headhunters still rock". Country Weekly. 18 (45): 46–48. ISSN 1074-3235.
Jump up ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Dixie Lullabies review". Allmusic. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "THE KENTUCKY HEADHUNTERS WITH JOHNNIE JOHNSON – NEW CD MEET ME IN BLUESLAND - SET FOR JUNE 2 RELEASE". Alligator Records. April 1, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Allers, Hannahlee (April 11, 2015). "Kentucky Headhunters Announce New Album Featuring Legendary Blues Pianist". The Boot. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "How Kentucky Headhunters Were the Chris Stapleton of 1990 CMAs". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Flynnville Train's New CD Due Sept. 11". CMT. 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ "Listing for "Truck Stop in the Sky"". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
Jump up ^ "The Mighty Jeremiahs". Guitar Player. Archived from the original on January 3, 2006. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Tim. "A storm in the soul: The Mighty Jeremiahs". Louisville Music. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
Jump up ^ Yanow, Scott. "Build Your Own Fire review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
Jump up ^ Lavender, Dave (2008-03-14). "Rufus Huff band a nice break for Kentucky Headhunter". The Herald-Dispatch. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Rufus Huff". Zoho Music. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
Jump up ^ Overall, Rick (1998-06-11). "Byrd watching: Tracy Byrd continues his hit-making ways". Canoe — Jam! Showbiz Music. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
Jump up ^ Stillman, Brian; Chris Castella (December 2008). "Black Stone Cherry". Guitar World: 40. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (1991-02-24). "Review/Rock; Hard Country by Kentucky Headhunters". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ "Picks and Pans Main: Song: Four Cool New". People. 59 (22). 2003-06-09.
Jump up ^ Deming, Mark. "Soul review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ Tarradell, Mario (2003-05-04). "The Headhunters play a juke or two: Group travels from Nashville to Memphis on blues-based Soul". Dallas News. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ "The Kentucky Headhunters return". The Victoria Advocate. 1997-04-20. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
Jump up ^ "The Kentucky Headhunters Grammy Awards". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Kentucky Headhunters on Facebook
Montgomery, Jack (March 24, 2009). "Our Musical Memories: the rocking sound of Itchy Brother, an interview with James Harrison and Greg Martin". The Amplifier Online. Archived from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
The Kentucky Headhunters at AllMusic
The Kentucky Headhunters on IMDb
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Strange Fruit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Strange Fruit (disambiguation).
"Strange Fruit"
Single by Billie Holiday
B-side
"Fine and Mellow"
Released
1939
Format
78 rpm
Recorded
April 20, 1939[1]
Genre
Blues, Jazz
Label
Commodore
Songwriter(s)
Abel Meeropol
Billie Holiday singles chronology
"I'm Gonna Lock My Heart"
(1938) "Strange Fruit"
(1939) "God Bless the Child"
(1942)
"I'm Gonna Lock My Heart"
(1938) "Strange Fruit"
(1939) "God Bless the Child"
(1942)
Audio sample
file
help
"Strange Fruit" is a song performed most famously by Billie Holiday, who first sang and recorded it in 1939. Written by teacher Abel Meeropol as a poem and published in 1937, it protested American racism, particularly the lynching of African Americans. Such lynchings had reached a peak in the South at the turn of the century, but continued there and in other regions of the United States.[2][3] According to the Tuskegee Institute, 1,953 Americans were murdered by lynching, about three quarters of them black.[4] The lyrics are an extended metaphor linking a tree’s fruit with lynching victims.[5] Meeropol set it to music and, with his wife and the singer Laura Duncan, performed it as a protest song in New York City venues in the late 1930s, including Madison Square Garden.
The song continues to be covered by numerous artists, including Nina Simone, UB40, Jeff Buckley, Siouxsie and the Banshees and Dee Dee Bridgewater and has inspired novels, other poems, and other creative works. In 1978, Holiday's version of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[6] It was also included in the list of Songs of the Century, by the Recording Industry of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. Lyricist E. Y. Harburg referred to the song as a "historical document".[4] It was also dubbed, "a declaration of war ... the beginning of the civil rights movement" by record producer Ahmet Ertegun.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Poem and song
2 Billie Holiday's performances and recordings
3 Influence
4 Other versions
5 Honors
6 In popular culture
6.1 Politics
6.2 Literature
6.3 Cuisine
7 Bibliography
8 References
9 External links
Poem and song[edit]
Meeropol cited this photograph of the lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, August 7, 1930, as inspiring his poem.[7]
"Strange Fruit" was originated as a poem written by American writer, teacher and songwriter Abel Meeropol, under his pseudonym Lewis Allan, as a protest against lynchings.[8][9][10] In the poem, Meeropol expressed his horror at lynchings, inspired by Lawrence Beitler's photograph of the 1930 lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in Marion, Indiana.[9] He published the poem under the title "Bitter Fruit" in 1937 in The New York Teacher, a union magazine.[11] Though Meeropol had asked others (notably Earl Robinson) to set his poems to music, he set "Strange Fruit" to music himself. His protest song gained a certain success in and around New York. Meeropol, his wife, and black vocalist Laura Duncan performed it at Madison Square Garden.[12]
The lyrics are under copyright but have been republished in full in an academic journal, with permission.[13]
Billie Holiday's performances and recordings[edit]
Barney Josephson, the founder of Café Society in Greenwich Village, New York's first integrated nightclub, heard the song and introduced it to Billie Holiday. Other reports say that Robert Gordon, who was directing Billie Holiday's show at Cafe Society, heard the song at Madison Square Garden and introduced it to her.[11] Holiday first performed the song at Café Society in 1939. She said that singing it made her fearful of retaliation but, because its imagery reminded her of her father, she continued to sing the piece, making it a regular part of her live performances.[14] Because of the power of the song, Josephson drew up some rules: Holiday would close with it; the waiters would stop all service in advance; the room would be in darkness except for a spotlight on Holiday's face; and there would be no encore.[11] During the musical introduction, Holiday stood with her eyes closed, as if she were evoking a prayer.
Holiday approached her recording label, Columbia, about the song, but the company feared reaction by record retailers in the South, as well as negative reaction from affiliates of its co-owned radio network, CBS.[15] When Holiday's producer John Hammond also refused to record it, she turned to her friend Milt Gabler, whose Commodore label produced alternative jazz. Holiday sang "Strange Fruit" for him a cappella, and moved him to tears. Columbia gave Holiday a one-session release from her contract so she could record it; Frankie Newton's eight-piece Cafe Society Band was used for the session. Because Gabler worried the song was too short, he asked pianist Sonny White to improvise an introduction. On the recording, Holiday starts singing after 70 seconds.[11] Gabler worked out a special arrangement with Vocalion Records to record and distribute the song.[16]
Holiday recorded two major sessions of the song at Commodore, one in 1939 and one in 1944. The song was highly regarded; the 1939 recording eventually sold a million copies,[9] in time becoming Holiday's biggest-selling recording.
In her autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues, Holiday suggested that she, together with Meeropol, her accompanist Sonny White, and arranger Danny Mendelsohn, set the poem to music. The writers David Margolick and Hilton Als dismissed that claim in their work Strange Fruit: The Biography of a Song, writing that hers was "an account that may set a record for most misinformation per column inch". When challenged, Holiday—whose autobiography had been ghostwritten by William Dufty—claimed, "I ain't never read that book."[17]
Billie Holiday was so well known for her rendition of "Strange Fruit" that "she crafted a relationship to the song that would make them inseparable".[18]
Influence[edit]
In October 1939, Samuel Grafton of the New York Post described "Strange Fruit": "If the anger of the exploited ever mounts high enough in the South, it now has its Marseillaise."[19]
Other versions[edit]
Notable cover versions of this song include Nina Simone,[20] René Marie,[20] Jeff Buckley.[20] Siouxsie and the Banshees,[21] Dee Dee Bridgewater,[21] and UB40.[21] Nina Simone dramatized "Strange Fruit" in the context of the Civil Rights movement with a plain and unsentimental voice.[20] Journalist Lara Pellegrinelli wrote that Jeff Buckley while singing it "seems to meditate on the meaning of humanity the way Walt Whitman did, considering all of its glorious and horrifying possibilities".[20] Rene Marie's rendition was coupled with Confederate anthem "Dixie", making for an "uncomfortable juxtaposition", according to Pellegrinelli.[20] Siouxsie and the Banshees's version was selected by the Mojo magazine staff to be included on the compilation Music Is Love: 15 Tracks That Changed The World .[22]
Honors[edit]
1999: Time magazine named Strange Fruit as "Best Song of the Century" in its issue dated December 31, 1999.[23][24]
2002: The Library of Congress honored the song as one of 50 recordings chosen that year to add to the National Recording Registry.[25]
2010: The New Statesman listed it as one of the "Top 20 Political Songs".[26]
2011: The Atlanta Journal-Constitution listed the song as Number One on "100 Songs of the South".[27]
In popular culture[edit]
This section gives self-sourcing examples without describing their significance in the context of the article. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Politics[edit]
British singer Rebecca Ferguson publicly declined an invitation from president-elect Donald Trump to sing at his inauguration, saying that she would perform only if she could sing Billie Holiday's "Strange Fruit".[28]
Literature[edit]
Lillian Smith's novel Strange Fruit (1944) was said to have been inspired by Holiday's version of the song.[29]
Alan Moore, Stephen Bissette and John Totleben's comic book Swamp Thing #42 (1985) features a story titled "Strange Fruit" for a horror story about southern racism.
Mark Waid and artist J. G. Jones produced a comic book dealing with themes of racism and civil rights, entitled Strange Fruit for Boom! Studios.[30]
Patrick Phillips titled his non-fiction book Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America (2016) after a phrase in the lyrics.[31]
Cuisine[edit]
The Cambridge, Massachusetts restaurant The Friendly Toast included a drink called Strange Fruit, after Smith's novel, on a menu of cocktails named after banned books. In 2015 this generated controversy, as a patron took the name as a reference to the song and found it inappropriate. The drink was later removed from the menu.[32][33]
Bibliography[edit]
Clarke, Donald (1995). Billie Holiday: Wishing on the Moon. München: Piper. ISBN 3-492-03756-9.
Davis, Angela (1999). Blues Legacies and Black Feminism. Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-77126-3.
Holiday, Billie; Dufty, William (1992). Lady Sings the Blues. Edition Nautilus. ISBN 3-89401-110-6. Autobiography.
Margolick, David; Als, Hilton (2000). Strange Fruit: Billie Holiday, Café Society and an Early Cry for Civil Rights (Hardcover ed.). Running Press. ISBN 0-7624-0677-1.
Margolick, David; Als, Hilton (2001). Strange Fruit: The Biography of a Song (Paperback ed.). Ecco. ISBN 0-06-095956-8.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Billie Holiday recording sessions". Billieholidaysongs.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lynching Statistics for 1882-1968". Chesnuttarchive.org. January 29, 1999. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "War and Social Upheaval: the American Civil Rights Movement - lynching". Histclo.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Strange Fruit (1939) --Billie Holiday (written by Abel Meeropol)". Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings.
Jump up ^ "Strange Fruit by Billie Holiday (lyrics)".
Jump up ^ "Hall of Fame". Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Strange Fruit: Anniversary Of A Lynching". NPR. August 6, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Margolick, David (2000). Strange Fruit: Billie Holiday, Café Society, and an Early Cry for Civil Rights. Philadelphia: Running Press. pp. 25–27.
^ Jump up to: a b c Moore, Edwin (September 18, 2010). "Strange Fruit is still a song for today | Index Strange Fruit is still a song for today". The Guardian. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Blair, Elizabeth (Host) (September 5, 2012). "The Strange Story Of The Man Behind 'Strange Fruit'". Morning Edition. NPR.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lynskey, Dorian (2011). "33 Revolutions Per Minute". London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-24134-4.
Jump up ^ Margolick, Strange Fruit, pp. 36–37.
Jump up ^ Meeropol, Abel (12 July 2006). "Strange fruit". International Journal of Epidemiology. 35 (4): 902–902. doi:10.1093/ije/dyl173. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Margolick, Strange Fruit, pp. 40–46.
Jump up ^ Margolick, Strange Fruit, pp. 61–62.
Jump up ^ Billy Crystal, 700 Sundays, pp. 46–47.
Jump up ^ Margolick, Strange Fruit, pp. 31–32.
Jump up ^ Perry, Samuel (2012). ""Strange Fruit," Ekphrasis, and the Lynching Scene". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 43:5: 449–474.
Jump up ^ Lynskey, Dorian (February 15, 2011). "Strange Fruit: the first great protest song". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Pellegrinelli, Lara (22 June 2009). "Evolution Of A Song: 'Strange Fruit'". npr.org. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Margolick, David (2000). "Strange Fruit, Billie Holiday, Café Society, and an Early Cry for Civil Rights". NYTimes. ISBN 0-7624-0677-1. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Music Is Love! (15 Tracks That Changed The World) CD". Mojo (magazine). June 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2017. Siouxsie and the Banshes's rendition from their 1987 Through the Looking Glass album was selected to feature on this compilation
Jump up ^ Billy Crystal, 700 Sundays, p. 47.
Jump up ^ McNally, Owen (March 30, 2000). "'Song of the century' chilling: Graphic lyrics of 'the first unmuted cry against racism' are making a comeback". Ottawa Citizen.
Jump up ^ "National Recording Registry 2002". loc.gov. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ian K (March 25, 2010). "Top 20 Political Songs: Strange Fruit". New Statesman. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "100 Songs of the South | accessAtlanta.com". Alt.coxnewsweb.com. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jamieson, Amber (2 January 2017). "Rebecca Ferguson says she will play Trump inauguration if she can sing Strange Fruit". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Bass, Erin Z. (December 12, 2012). "The Strange Life of Strange Fruit". Deep South Magazine.
Jump up ^ Towers, Andrea (June 30, 2015). "Mark Waid and J.G. Jones preview powerful historically based comic, Strange Fruit". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Carol (2016-09-28). "American Apartheid: A Georgia County Drove Out All Its Black Citizens in 1912". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
Jump up ^ "Friendly Toast pulls a drink called 'Strange Fruit' off its menu".
Jump up ^ "Restaurant Learns the Hard Way Why You Never Name a Cocktail 'Strange Fruit'".
External links[edit]
"Strange Fruit", Independent Lens, PBS
Strange Fruit, Newsreel documentary
"Strange Fruit", Shmoop, analysis of lyrics, historical and literary allusions - student & teaching guide
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
"Strange Fruit" at MusicBrainz (information and list of recordings)
BBC Radio 4 - Soul Music, Series 17, Strange Fruit
"Strange Fruit: A protest song with enduring relevance"
"Strange Fruit". Radio Diaries (Podcast). PRX. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
show
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Billie Holiday
Discography
Awards and nominations
Albums
Billie Holiday Sings/Solitude
An Evening with Billie Holiday
Billie Holiday
Billie Holiday at JATP
Stay with Me
Music for Torching
Velvet Mood
Lady Sings the Blues
Body and Soul
Songs for Distingué Lovers
Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday at Newport
All or Nothing at All
Lady in Satin
Last Recording
The Essential Billie Holiday: Carnegie Hall Concert Recorded Live
Lady in Autumn: The Best of the Verve Years
Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944
Remixed and Reimagined
Songs
"Ain't Nobody's Business"
"As Time Goes By"
"Billie's Blues"
"Blue Moon"
"Body and Soul"
"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?"
"Don't Explain"
"Easy Living"
"Embraceable You"
"Everything Happens for the Best"
"Everything Happens to Me"
"Fine and Mellow"
"Gloomy Sunday"
"God Bless the Child"
"Good Morning Heartache"
"I Cover the Waterfront"
"I Loves You, Porgy"
"I Thought About You"
"I'll Be Seeing You"
"I'll Get By"
"I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm"
"Just One of Those Things"
"Lady Sings the Blues"
"Left Alone"
"Love for Sale"
"Lover Man (Oh, Where Can You Be?)"
"Me, Myself, and I"
"Miss Brown to You"
"My Man"
"Moonlight in Vermont"
"Night and Day"
"No More"
"Now or Never"
"Our Love Is Different"
"P.S. I Love You"
"Pennies from Heaven"
"Please Don't Do It Here"
"Preacher Boy"
"Sophisticated Lady"
"Stormy Blues"
"Strange Fruit"
"Summertime"
"These Foolish Things (Remind Me of You)"
"Too Marvelous for Words"
"Trav'lin' Light"
"What a Little Moonlight Can Do"
"What Is This Thing Called Love?"
"Who Needs You (Baby)"
"Why Was I Born?"
"Willow Weep for Me"
"You Go to My Head"
Related topics
"Angel of Harlem"
Lady Sings the Blues (book)
Lady Sings the Blues (film)
Lady Sings the Blues (soundtrack)
Book
Category
show
v
t
e
Lynching in the United States
show
Victims
Before 1900
? McIntosh (1835)
Francis McIntosh (1836)
Elijah Parish Lovejoy (1837)
Joseph and Hyrum Smith (1844)
Josefa Segovia (1851)
Pancho Daniel (1858)
Joshua Boyd (1863)
Henry Plummer (1864)
Bill Sketoe (1864)
Clubfoot George (1864)
Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer (1868)
Wyatt Outlaw (1870)
Alexander Boyd (1870)
Jim Williams (1871)
David Jones (1872)
Jo Reed (1875)
Michael Green (1878)
Joseph Standing (1879)
John J. Hoover (1880)
Big Nose George Parrott (1881)
Charles Thurber (1882)
John Wesley Heath (1884)
Eliza Woods (1886)
Amos Miller (1888)
Joseph Vermillion (1889)
George Meadows (1889)
Ella Watson (1889)
Ellen Watson (1889)
Brown Washington (1890)
Jim Taylor (1891)
Dick Lundy (1891)
Joe Coe (1891)
Robert Lewis (1892)
Ephraim Grizzard (1892)
Samuel J. Bush (1893)
John Peterson (1893)
Alfred Blount (1893)
Henry Smith (1893)
Stephen Williams (1894)
Amos Hicks (1894)
Jacob Henson (1896)
John Anderson (1898)
Sam Hose (1899)
1900–1940
Fred Rochelle (1901)
Walker Davis (1903)
David Wyatt (1903)
Marie Thompson (1904)
Bunk Richardson (1906)
Ed Johnson (1906)
Slab Pitts (1906)
William Burns (1907)
Jim Miller (1909)
James Hodges (1909)
Matthew Chase (1909)
"Mose" Creole (1909)
"Pie" Hill (1909)
Grant Richardson (1910)
King Johnson (1911)
Name unknown (TX) (1911)
Will Porter (1911)
Zachariah Walker (1911)
Mary Jackson (1912)
Rob Edwards (1912)
George Saunders (1912)
Robert Perry (1913)
? Anderson (1913)
Charles Fisher (1914)
John Evans (1914)
Leo Frank (1915)
Name unknown (MS) (1915)
Jesse Washington (1916)
Anthony Crawford (1916)
Jeff Brown (1916)
Frank Little (1917)
Charles Jones (1917)
Ell Persons (1917)
Robert Prager (1918)
Mary Turner and her unborn baby (1918)
Hazel "Hayes" Turner (1918)
Jim McIlherron (1918)
Olli Kinkkonen (1918)
Wallace Baynes (1919)
Will Brown (1919)
Wesley Everest (1919)
Willie Baird (1920)
Roy Belton (1920)
Dick Rowland (attempted) (1921)
Joe Pullen (1923)
Jack Trice (1923)
Samuel Smith (1924)
Raymond Bird (1926)
J. C. Collins (1928)
George Hughes (1930)
James Cameron (1930)
Raymond Gunn (1931)
Matthew Williams (1931)
George Armwood (1933)
Cordie Cheek (1933)
Claude Neal (1934)
Austin Callaway (1940)
After 1940
Felix Hall (1941)
Johannes Kunze (1943)
Robert "Bobbie" Hall (1943)
Willie James Howard (1944)
Recy Taylor (1944)
John Cecil Jones (1946)
Willie Earle (1947)
Lamar Smith (1955)
George W. Lee (1955)
Emmett Till (1955)
Judge Edward Aaron (1957)
Willie Edwards (1957)
Mack Charles Parker (1959)
Louis Allen (1964)
Lemuel Penn (1964)
Frank Morris (1964)
James Reeb (1965)
Jimmie Lee Jackson (1965)
Vernon Dahmer (1966)
Wharlest Jackson (1967)
Carol Jenkins (1968)
Henry Marrow (1970)
Arthur McDuffie (1979)
Michael Donald (1981)
Mulugeta Seraw (1988)
Yusef Hawkins (1989)
James Byrd, Jr. (1998)
David Ritcheson (2006)
Brandon McClelland (2008)
James Craig Anderson (2011)
show
Multiple victims
Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre (1858)
Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX (1862)
New York City draft riots (1863)
Detroit race riot (1863)
? Lachenais and four others (1863)
Fort Pillow, TN, massacre (1864)
Plummer Gang (1864)
Memphis massacre (1866)
Gallatin County, KY, race riot (1866)
New Orleans massacre of 1866
Reno Brothers Gang (1868)
Steve Long and two half-brothers (1868)
Pulaski, TN, riot (1868)
Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman (1868)
Opelousas, LA, massacre (1868)
Bear River City riot (1868)
Chinese massacre of 1871
Meridian, MS race riot (1871)
Colfax, LA, massacre (1873)
Election riot of 1874 (AL)
Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya (1874)
Benjamin and Mollie French (1876)
Hamburg, SC, massacre (1876)
Thibodeax, LA, massacre (1878)
New Orleans 1891 lynchings (1891)
Ruggles Brothers (CA) (1892)
Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (1892)
Phoenix, SC, election riot (1898)
Wilmington, NC, insurrection (1898)
Julia and Frazier Baker (1898)
Pana, IL, riot (1899)
Atlanta race riot (1906)
Kemper County, MS (1906)
Walker family (1908)
Springfield race riot of 1908
Slocum, TX, massacre (1910)
Laura and L.D. Nelson (1911)
Harris County, GA, lynchings (1912)
Forsyth County, GA (1912)
East St. Louis, IL, riots (1917)
Elaine, AR, race riot (1917)
Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA (1918)
Longview, TX, race riot (1919)
Omaha race riot of 1919
Knoxville riot of 1919
Red Summer (1919)
Duluth, MN, lynchings (1920)
Ocoee, FL, massacre (1920)
Tulsa race riot (1921)
Perry, FL, race riot (1922)
Rosewood, FL, massacre (1923)
Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith (1930)
Tate County, MS (1932)
Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes (1933)
Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels (1937)
Beaumont, TX, Race Riot (1943)
O'Day Short, wife, and two children (1945)
Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings (1946)
Harry and Harriette Moore (1952)
Anniston, AL (1961)
Freedom Summer Murders (James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner) (1964)
Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore (1964)
General
Lynching
Lynching in the United States
List of lynching victims in the United States
Indiana White Caps
Jim Crow laws
Ku Klux Klan
Nadir of American race relations
Red Shirts
Anti-lynching
movement
American anti-lynching activists
Anti-lynching movement
American Crusade Against Lynching
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
"Flag Salute"
N.A.A.C.P.
Paul Robeson
"Strange Fruit"
Ida B. Wells
Lynching defenders or deniers
David Horowitz
John Trotwood Moore
Benjamin Tillman
Memory
America's Black Holocaust Museum
Civil Rights Memorial
The Legacy Museum
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Southern Poverty Law Center
Related articles
James Allen (collector)
Battle of Liberty Place
The Birth of a Nation
Mississippi Burning
Mississippi Cold Case
The Ox-Bow Incident
Silent Parade
Summer in Mississippi
Sundown town
They Won't Forget
The United States of Lyncherdom (Twain)
Vendetta (1999 film)
Categories
Lynching in the United States
Lynching deaths in the United States
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1939 songs
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Lynching in the United States
History of African-American civil rights
Songs against racism and xenophobia
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Stuck in the Middle (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Stuck in the Middle
Genre
Comedy
Created by
Alison Brown
Developed by
Alison Brown
Linda Videtti Figueiredo
Starring
Jenna Ortega
Ronni Hawk
Isaak Presley
Ariana Greenblatt
Kayla Maisonet
Nicolas Bechtel
Malachi Barton
Cerina Vincent
Joe Nieves
Theme music composer
Shridhar Solanki
Sidh Solanki
Maria Christensen
Opening theme
"Stuck with You"
by Sonus
Composer(s)
Kenneth Burgomaster
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
32 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Linda Videtti Figueiredo
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
22 minutes
Production company(s)
International Donut Fund Productions
Horizon Productions
Release
Original network
Disney Channel
Picture format
720p (HDTV)
First shown in
United States
Original release
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14) – present
External links
Website
disneychannel.disney.com/stuck-in-the-middle
Stuck in the Middle is an American comedy television series created by Alison Brown that premiered on Disney Channel on February 14, 2016. The series stars Jenna Ortega, Ronni Hawk, Isaak Presley, Ariana Greenblatt, Kayla Maisonet, Nicolas Bechtel, Malachi Barton, Cerina Vincent, and Joe Nieves. In addition to the series' regular episodes, the series also aired six shorts on December 16, 2016.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Notes
3 Production
4 Episodes
5 Ratings
6 Awards and nominations
7 Broadcast
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Set in Massachusetts,[1] in the fictional town of Marshport, the series tells the story of the Diaz family, specifically focusing on Harley, the middle of the seven children. Harley makes her way using her creativity to deal with living in a large family.
Characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Harley Diaz (Jenna Ortega) is the middle of seven children and a young engineering prodigy. She is the central character in the series and views herself as an inventor. Some of her known inventions are the Conveyor Belt Table, the Slushinator, the Skate Kite, and a snow machine. In "Stuck in the Sweet Seat", it is revealed it is her 13th birthday. A significant feature is that she tends to break the fourth wall to tell the viewers something about the situation.
Rachel Diaz (Ronni Hawk) is the oldest of the seven children and Harley's vain older sister. In "Stuck with No Rules", it is revealed that she is 16.
Ethan Diaz (Isaak Presley) is Harley's oldest brother and her partner-in-crime; she refers to him as her "best friend in the family". He is an aspiring musician. In "Stuck in the Sweet Seat", it is implied that he is the third oldest of the seven, behind Rachel and Georgie.
Daphne Diaz (Ariana Greenblatt) is the youngest of the seven children and Harley's younger sister. She enjoys having tea time with her dolls. In "Stuck with No Rules", it is revealed that Daphne can easily retaliate against anyone who takes things from her without getting her approval first.
Georgie Diaz (Kayla Maisonet) is one of Harley's older sisters and the second oldest of the seven as implied in "Stuck in the Sweet Seat". She is a basketball player at her school.
Lewie Diaz (Nicolas Bechtel)[Note 1] is one of Harley's two younger brothers and Beast's twin. It is revealed in "Stuck in the Beast-Day Party" that Lewie is older than Beast by five minutes.
Beast Diaz (Malachi Barton)[Note 1] is one of Harley's two younger brothers and Lewie's twin.
Suzy Diaz (Cerina Vincent) is Harley's quirky mother who rarely has any alone time from her children and tends to spend it in the most unlikely places.
Tom Diaz (Joe Nieves) is Harley's father who operates a marina store, called "Tom's Bait and Bite", which sells camping and fishing equipment.
Recurring[edit]
Bethany Peters (Lauren Pritchard) is a neighbor of the Diaz family who regularly criticizes Suzy and Tom's parenting of their children. She is a protective mother to her daughter Ellie whom she never lets have any fun as seen in "Stuck in the Block Party".
Ellie Peters (Lulu Lambros) is Bethany's daughter and Harley's best friend. She is on the same basketball team as Georgie. In "Stuck in Harley's Comet", it is revealed that Ellie is afraid of heights, darkness, and birds.
Cuff (Brett Pierce) is an irresponsible teenager who is Rachel's boyfriend and is disliked by Tom. When Cuff works briefly at "Tom's Bait and Bite" in "Stuck with My Sister's Boyfriend", his real first name is revealed to be Warren. He has only appeared in the first season.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Malachi Barton is credited before Nicolas Bechtel in the Stuck in the Middle pilot episode, but Bechtel is credited before Barton in all subsequent episodes starting with "Stuck in the Sweet Seat".
Production[edit]
Production on the series began in November 2015.[2] A preview of Stuck in the Middle aired on Disney Channel on February 14, 2016.[3] Additional episodes began airing on March 11, 2016.
Disney Channel renewed Stuck in the Middle for a second season on June 15, 2016.[4] The second season premiered on February 3, 2017. The series was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel on August 31, 2017.[5]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Stuck in the Middle episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 17 February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14) July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22)
2 TBA February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03) TBA
Ratings[edit]
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 17 February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14) 2.81[6] July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22) 2.06[7] 1.60
2 15 February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03) 2.13[8] TBA TBD 1.19
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.
2017 Kids' Choice Awards Mexico Favorite International Program Nominated
Kids' Choice Awards Colombia Favorite International Program Pending
Kids' Choice Awards Argentina Favorite International Program Pending
Broadcast[edit]
The series first premiered 15 minutes before the first airing in the U.S. on Disney Channel in Canada as a special on February 14, 2016. The series premiered on Watch Disney Channel and Disney Channel on Demand on February 15, 2016. The series began airing regularly on March 11, 2016, airing at the same time as the United States.[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Nivea Serrao (February 12, 2016). "Meet the Diaz Family from Disney Channel's Stuck in the Middle". TV Insider. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth Wagmeister (September 4, 2015). "Disney Channel Orders Latino Family Sitcom Toplined by Jane the Virgin Star". Variety. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Linda Ge (January 15, 2016). "Disney Channel Sets Premiere Date for Stuck in the Middle". The Wrap. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Denise Petski (June 15, 2016). "Disney Channel's Stuck in the Middle Renewed for Season 2". Deadline. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Denise Petski (August 31, 2017). "Stuck in the Middle, Bunk'd & Walk the Prank Renewed for Season 3 by Disney". Deadline. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf (February 17, 2016). "Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals: 2.14.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf (July 25, 2016). "Top 150 Friday Cable Originals: 7.22.2016". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf (February 6, 2017). "Top 150 Friday Cable Originals: 2.3.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Quick-Witted Tween Uses Her Inventions to Navigate Life in the Comedy Series Stuck in the Middle on a Preview Episode on Disney Channel on Sunday, February 14, 2016". Corus Entertainment. January 15, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
External links[edit]
Stuck in the Middle on IMDb
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Mickey Mouse (since 2013, short-form)
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Walk the Prank (since 2016)
Bizaardvark (since 2016)
Elena of Avalor (since 2016)
Mech-X4 (since 2016)
Tangled: The Series (since 2017)
Andi Mack (since 2017)
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Raven's Home (since 2017)
Upcoming
Right Hand Guy (Fall 2017)
The Lifestyle Times of Jenievie Tolentino (late 2017)
Bug Juice (1998–2001, early 2018)
See also
It's a Laugh Productions
Disney Television Animation
Brookwell McNamara Entertainment
Crossovers
Disney Channel Storytellers
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