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Green Revolution in India
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The state of Punjab led India's Green Revolution and earned the distinction of being the country's bread basket.[1]
The Green Revolution in India refers to a period of time when agriculture in India changed to an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology such as high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, fertilizers etc. Green revolution was started by Norman Borlaug. The key leadership role played by the Indian agricultural scientist M.S.Swaminathan together with many others including GS Kalkat, M.S.Swaminathan earned him the popularly used title 'Father of Green Revolution of India'. The Green Revolution allowed developing countries, like India, to try to overcome poor agricultural productivity. Within India, this started in the early 1960s and led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh(especially Western UP) during the early phase. The main development was higher-yielding varieties of wheat,[2] for developing rust resistant strains of wheat.[3]
Contents
1 Practices
1.1 Wheat
1.2 Other practices
2 Problems that were addressed
2.1 Frequent famines
2.2 Lack of finance
2.3 Lack of self-sufficiency
3 Criticisms
3.1 Indian Economic Sovereignty
3.2 Environmental Damage
3.3 Increased Regional disparities
3.4 Restrictive Crop Coverage
4 References
Practices[edit]
Wheat[edit]
The main development was higher-yielding varieties of wheat,[2] for developing rust resistant strains of wheat.[3] The introduction of high-yielding varieties(HYV) of seeds and the increased quality of fertilizers and irrigation technique led to the increase in production to make the country self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India.[4] The methods adopted included the use of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds[5] with modern farming methods.
The production of wheat has produced the best results in fueling self-sufficiency of India. Along with high-yielding seeds and irrigation facilities, the enthusiasm of farmers mobilized the idea of agricultural revolution. Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, there was a negative effect on the soil and the land (e.g., land degradation).
Other practices[edit]
This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (January 2018)
Irrigation infrastructure
Use of pesticides
Use of insecticides
Use of herbicides
Consolidation of holdings
Land reforms
Improved rural infrastructure
Supply of agricultural credit
Use of chemical or synthetic fertilizers
Use of sprinklers or drip irrigation systems
Use of advanced machinery
Use of vector quantity
Problems that were addressed[edit]
Frequent famines[edit]
Famines in India were very frequent during the period 1940s to 1970s. Due to faulty distribution of food, and because farmers did not receive the true value for their labour, the majority of the population did not get enough food.[6] Malnutrition and starvation was a huge problem.[citation needed]
Lack of finance[edit]
Marginal farmers found it very difficult to get finance and credit at economical rates from the government and banks and hence, fell as easy prey to the money lenders. They took loans from zamindars, who charged high rates of interests and also exploited the farmers later on to work in their fields to repay the loans (farm labourers).[citation needed] Proper financing was not given during the Green Revolution period, which created a lot of problems and sufferings to the farmers of India. Government also helped those under loans.
Lack of self-sufficiency[edit]
Due to traditional agricultural practices, low productivity, and a growing population, often food grains were imported — draining scarce foreign reserves. It was thought that with the increased production due to the Green Revolution, the government could maintain buffer stock and India could achieve self-sufficiency and self-reliability.[citation needed]
Agriculture was basically for subsistence and, therefore, less agricultural product was offered for sale in the market. Hence, the need was felt to encourage the farmers to increase their production and offer a greater portion of their products for sale in the market. The new methods in agriculture increased the yield of rice and wheat, which reduced India's dependence on food imports.
Criticisms[edit]
Indian Economic Sovereignty[edit]
Criticism of the effects of the green revolution include the cost for many small farmers using HYV seeds, with their associated demands of increased irrigation systems and pesticides. A case study is found in India, where farmers are buying Monsanto BT cotton seeds—sold on the idea that these seeds produced 'natural insecticides'. In reality, they need to still pay for expensive pesticides and irrigation systems, which might lead to increased borrowing to finance the change from traditional seed varieties. Many farmers have difficulty in paying for the expensive technologies, especially if they have a bad harvest.
Indian environmentalist Vandana Shiva writes that this is the "second Green Revolution". The first Green Revolution, she suggests, was mostly publicly funded (by the Indian Government). This new Green Revolution, she says, is driven by private (and foreign) interest – notably MNCs like Monsanto. Ultimately, this is leading to foreign ownership over most of India's farmland.[7] [8]
Environmental Damage[edit]
Excessive and inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides has polluted waterway, killed beneficial insects and wild life. It has caused over-use of soil and rapidly depleted its nutrients. The rampant irrigation practices have led to eventually soil degradation. Groundwater practices have fallen dramatically. Further, heavy dependence on few major crops has led to loss of biodiversity of farmers. These problems were aggravated due to absence of training to use modern technology and vast illiteracy leading to excessive use of chemicals.[1]
Increased Regional disparities[edit]
Green revolution spread only in irrigated and high-potential rain fed areas. The villages or regions without the access of sufficient water were left out that widened the regional disparities between adopters and non-adopters. Since, the HYV seeds technically can be applied only in land with assured water supply and availability of other inputs like chemicals, fertilizers etc. The application of the new technology in the dry-land areas is simply ruled out.
The states like Punjab, Haryana, Western UP etc. having good irrigation and other infrastructure facilities were able to derive the benefits of green revolution and achieve faster economic development while other states have recorded slow growth in agriculture production.
Restrictive Crop Coverage[edit]
The new agriculture strategy involving use of HYV seeds was initially limited to wheat, maize and bajra. The other major crop i.e. rice responded much later. The progress of developing and application of HYV seeds in other crops especially commercial crops like oilseeds, jute etc. has been very slow. In fact, in certain period a decline in the output of commercial crops is witnessed because of diversion of area under commercial crop to food crop production. The basic factor for non-spread of green revolution to many crops was that in the early 1960s the severe shortage in food grains existed and imports were resorted to overcome the shortage. Government initiated green revolution to increase food grain productivity and non-food grain crops were not covered. The substantial rise in one or two food grain crop cannot make big difference in the total agricultural production. Thus new technology contributed insignificantly in raising the overall agricultural production due to limited crop coverage. So it is important that the revolutionary efforts should be made in all major crops.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Government of Punjab (2004). Human Development Report 2004, Punjab (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2011. Section: "The Green Revolution", pp. 17–20.
^ Jump up to: a b "About IARI". IARI. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rust-resistant Wheat Varieties. Work at Pusa Institute". The Indian Express. 7 February 1950. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Green Revolution in India". U.S. Library of Congress (released in public domain). Library of Congress is Country Studies. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
Jump up ^ Rowlatt, Justin (2016-12-01). "IR8: The miracle rice which saved millions of lives". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
Jump up ^ Amartya Sen. 1981. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ Shiva, Vandana. Seeds of Suicide. Navdanya.
Jump up ^ Shiva, V. "Seeds of Suicide". Counter Currents. , originally in Asian Age 5 April 2013
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St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Main entrance
Shown in Tennessee
Geography
Location
262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Coordinates
35°09′12″N 90°02′32″W / 35.153469°N 90.042207°W / 35.153469; -90.042207Coordinates: 35°09′12″N 90°02′32″W / 35.153469°N 90.042207°W / 35.153469; -90.042207
Organization
Care system
Private & Charity
Hospital type
Specialized
Services
Standards
JCAHO accreditation
Emergency department
No
History
Founded
1962
Links
Website
www.stjude.org
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, founded in 1962, is a pediatric treatment and research facility focused on children's catastrophic diseases. The hospital costs about $2.4 million a day to run, and there is no cost to be treated.[1] It is located in Memphis, Tennessee, and is a nonprofit medical corporation designated as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization by the Internal Revenue Service.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 The hospital
3 Directors/CEOs
4 Awards and achievements
5 Affiliated hospitals
6 Funding
6.1 Philanthropic aid
6.2 Thanks and Giving
6.3 Other funding initiatives
6.4 McDonald's Monopoly
7 Celebrity visitors
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
St. Jude was founded by entertainer Danny Thomas in 1962, with help from Lemuel Diggs and close friend, Miami, Florida, automobile dealer Anthony Abraham, on the premise that "no child should die in the dawn of life".[3] This idea resulted from a promise that Thomas, a Maronite Catholic, had made to a saint years before the hospital was founded. Thomas was a comedian who was struggling to get a break in his career and living paycheck to paycheck. When his first child was about to be born, he attended Mass in Detroit and put his last $7.00 in the offering bin. He prayed to St. Jude Thaddeus for a means to provide for his family, and about a week later, he obtained a gig that paid 10 times what he had put in the offering bin. After that time, Thomas believed in the power of prayer. He promised St. Jude Thaddeus that if he made him successful, he would one day build him a shrine. Years later, Thomas became an extremely successful comedian and built St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital as a shrine to St. Jude Thaddeus to honor his promise.[4]
In 1957, Thomas founded the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), which helped him realize his dream. ALSAC is also the fundraising organization of St. Jude. Since St. Jude opened its doors in 1962, ALSAC has had the responsibility of raising the necessary funds to keep the hospital open. Memphis was chosen at the suggestion of Roman Catholic Cardinal Samuel Stritch, a Tennessee native who had been a spiritual advisor to Thomas since he presided at Thomas's confirmation in Thomas's boyhood home of Toledo, Ohio.[5][6]
Although it was named after Thomas's patron saint, St. Jude is not a Catholic hospital and is not affiliated with any religious organization.[7]
In late 2007, the Chili's Care Center opened on the St. Jude campus. Chili's restaurant chain has pledged to provide $50 million to fund the construction of the center. The seven-story Chili's Care Center will house 340,000 square feet (32,000 m2) and will add 24 labs and 16 beds to the campus. It will house the department of radiological services, The Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium, two floors of outpatient clinics, one floor of inpatient clinics and rooms, two floors of laboratory space, an office floor and an unfinished level for future expansion.
In June 2008, Sterling Jewelers and St. Jude officially opened the new Kay Kafe (named after one of Sterling's jewelery chains), featuring a spacious lounge area, a significantly larger dining area and a variety of new dining options. More than ever, the cafeteria is the focal point of the campus where families and staff can escape and relax away from the treatment areas. The grand opening ceremony featured Marlo Thomas, national outreach director for St. Jude; Tony Thomas, member of the ALSAC/St. Jude Boards of Directors and Governors; Terry Burman, chairman of Sterling; Mark Light, CEO and president of Sterling; John P. Moses, CEO of ALSAC, the fundraising organization for St. Jude; Dr. William E. Evans, CEO of St. Jude; Joyce Aboussie, chair of the ALSAC Board of Directors, and Robert Breit, chair of the St. Jude Board of Governors.[8]
In 2014, the Marlo Thomas Center for Global Education and Collaboration was opened as part of the hospital.[9]
The hospital[edit]
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A child playing congas in the Amy Grant Music Room at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Discoveries at St. Jude have completely changed how doctors treat children with cancer and other catastrophic illnesses.[10][11] Since St. Jude was established, the survival rate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common type of childhood cancer, has increased from 4 percent in 1962 to 94 percent today.[11] During this time, the overall survival rate for childhood cancers has risen from 20 percent to 80 percent.[12] St. Jude has treated children from across the United States and from more than 70 countries. Doctors across the world consult with St. Jude on their toughest cases.[13] Also, St. Jude has an International Outreach Program to improve the survival rates of children with catastrophic illnesses worldwide through the transfer of knowledge, technology and organizational skills.[14]
Directors/CEOs[edit]
Donald Pinkel (1962–1973)
Alvin Mauer (1973–1983)
Joseph Simone (1983–1992)
Arthur W. Nienhuis (1993–2004)
William E. Evans (2004–2014)
James R. Downing (July 15, 2014)
Awards and achievements[edit]
St. Jude and over 46 of its staff members have been the recipients of numerous exemplary awards and achievements. For example, in 2010 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was named the number one children's cancer hospital in the U.S by U.S. News & World Report.[15] It has also been named one of the top 10 companies to work for in academia by The Scientist for 7 successive years.[16] Most notably, Peter C. Doherty, Ph.D., of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work related to how the immune system kills virus-infected cells.
Affiliated hospitals[edit]
St. Jude is associated with several affiliated hospitals around the nation to further its efforts beyond its own physical walls. The hospital uses its Domestic Affiliates Program to form this partnership with the other pediatric programs. This program is a network of hematology clinics, hospitals, and universities that are united under the mission of St. Jude.
These sites are used as a means of referring eligible patients to St. Jude as well as a location to administer some care. Through the Domestic Affiliates Program staff at St. Jude work together and collaborate with those at the other institutions. Affiliated sites are expected to comply with standards set by St. Jude and are audited to ensure proper and quality care.[17]
Currently the Domestic Affiliate Clinic sites include:
Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Novant Health Hemby Children's Hospital, in Charlotte, North Carolina
Huntsville Hospital for Women & Children, in Huntsville, Alabama
Johnson City Medical Center, in Johnson City, Tennessee
St. Jude Midwest Affiliate, in Peoria, Illinois
Louisiana State University, Department of Pediatrics, in Shreveport, Louisiana
Mercy Children's Hospital, in Springfield, Missouri[18]
St. Jude also works closely with Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, also located in downtown Memphis. St. Jude patients needing certain procedures, such as brain surgery, may undergo procedures at LeBonheur Hospital. Both St. Jude and Le Bonheur are teaching hospitals affiliated with the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. University of Tennessee physicians training in pediatrics, surgery, radiology, and other specialties undergo service rotations at St. Jude Hospital.
The Children's Cancer Center of Lebanon was established in Beirut on April 12, 2002. The center is an affiliate of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and works in association with the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC).[19]
Funding[edit]
Funding for St. Jude comes from many sources, including government grants and insurance recoveries, but the principal source of funding (64% average over the past seven years) is from the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) - a semi-independent entity that raises funds using the name of St. Jude.[20] Of a dollar donated to the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, about $0.52 makes its way through to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (averaged over seven years). [20]
All medically eligible patients who are accepted for treatment at St. Jude are treated without regard to the family's ability to pay. St. Jude is one of a few pediatric research organizations in the United States where families never pay for treatments that are not covered by insurance, and families without insurance are never asked to pay. In addition to providing medical services to eligible patients, St. Jude also assists families with transportation, lodging, and meals. Three separate specially-designed patient housing facilities— Tri Delta Place for short-term (up to one week), Ronald McDonald House for medium-term (one week to 3 months), and Target House for long-term (3 months or more)—provide housing for patients and up to three family members, with no cost to the patient. These policies, along with research expenses and other costs, cause the hospital to incur more than $2.4 million in operating costs each day.[21]
Philanthropic aid[edit]
From 2000 to 2005, 83.7% of every dollar received by St. Jude went to the current or future needs of St. Jude. In 2002 to 2004, 47% of program expenses went to patient care and 41% to research.[22] As of 2012, 81 cents of every dollar donated to St. Jude goes directly to its research and treatment.[12]
To cover operating costs, ALSAC conducts many fund-raising events and activities. The FedEx St. Jude Classic, a PGA Tour event, is one of the most visible fund-raising events for the hospital. Other fund-raising programs include the St. Jude Math-A-Thon, Up 'til Dawn, direct mailings, radiothons and television marketing.
St. Jude also has a merchandise catalog called the Hope Catalog. The catalog contains everything from shirts to office items, and from patient art to "Give Thanks" wristbands.
Thanks and Giving[edit]
In November 2004, St. Jude launched its inaugural Thanks and Giving campaign which encourages consumers to help raise funds at participating retailers by adding a donation at checkout or by purchasing specialty items to benefit St. Jude. The campaign is supported by network television spots, advertisements in major publications, interactive marketing on Yahoo! and a movie trailer that runs on 20,000 screens nationwide, runs from Thanksgiving until the New Year. The campaign was created by St. Jude National Outreach Director Marlo Thomas and her siblings Terre Thomas and Tony Thomas, children of hospital founder Danny Thomas. Customers nationwide are asked to help raise funds at participating retailers by adding a donation at check out or by purchasing specialty items to benefit St. Jude.
Corporations such as Target, Best Buy, Domino's Pizza, the Williams-Sonoma family of brands, CVS/pharmacy, Kmart, Kay Jewelers, New York & Company, 7-Eleven, Inc., American Airlines, American Kiosk Management, AutoZone, Brooks Brothers, Busch Gardens, Casual Male XL, Catherines, Diane von Fürstenberg, Dollar General, Easy Spirit, General Nutrition Centers, Gymboree, HSN, J. P. Morgan Chase, Marshall's, Alor, The Melting Pot, Memphis Grizzlies (NBA), Nine West, Rochester, Sag Harbor, Saks Fifth Avenue, SeaWorld, St. Louis Rams (NFL), West Elm, Westfield Shoppingtowns, and Yahoo! give customers a host of opportunities to support St. Jude.[23] The ultimate goal is to increase awareness with the hope that people will come to identify Thanksgiving with St. Jude, said Joyce Aboussie, vice chairwoman of the nonprofit’s board.[24] The official kick-off event for the Thanks and Giving campaign is the Give Thanks Walk. This event is a noncompetitive 5K that is now held in 75 cities across the country. Those participating in the race are encouraged to form teams, invite family and friends, and raise money for St. Jude. These walks have raised over $11 million to date.[25]
Other funding initiatives[edit]
One of the hospital's most recent and successful fund-raising efforts has been the Dream Home Giveaway. "About St. Jude Dream Home Giveaway". St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Retrieved 2008-01-29. The giveaway allows contest entrants to reserve tickets for $100 each to qualify to win homes valued between $300,000 and $600,000. The Dream Home Giveaway, one of the largest national fund-raising programs, is conducted in cities across the United States.
Many high schools around the country are creating student-led and student-run organizations called Team Up for St. Jude. These programs consist of high school students putting on events that raise funds and awareness for St. Jude while showing their school spirit. One of the main events is a letter writing campaign in which the students are sent pre-written letters that include stories of a patient and ask for donations. The high school students often have a "letter writing party" to address and send the letters to their family and friends asking them to support St. Jude.[26] Hoover High School (Hoover, AL) has a program that has brought in many fundraising ideas including "Team Up Week" which consists of prize wheels, inflatables, karaoke, cake walk, etc. to raise funds and awareness for the hospital.[27] Though this program is done on a much a smaller scale than the college program Up 'til Dawn, it has the potential to grow and increase awareness.
At various college campuses, some student organizations, fraternities and sororities raise funds in a program called Up 'til Dawn[28] Phi Mu Delta National Fraternity is partnered with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. The fraternity's second core belief, "I Believe in Service... service to the college; service to every group organized for the common good; service to the individual. I believe in service defined in the terms of voluntary sacrifice for the welfare of those with whom I come in contact." has helped shape many young men of admirable quality and exceptional character towards a dedication to St. Jude and other equally important causes.[29] Tau Kappa Epsilon (TKE) Fraternity partnered with St. Jude in the 1970s and 1980s to help raise money to fight childhood cancer. The fraternity renewed its link to St. Jude as its philanthropy of emphasis in 2008.[30][31] Saint Jude Founder Danny Thomas was a TKE in the Gamma-Nu chapter at the University of Toledo. "Tau Kappa Epsilon". stjude.org. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
St. Jude is an International Philanthropic Project of Epsilon Sigma Alpha International, a co-ed service sorority. As of April 2013, ESA has raised more than $160 million in cash and pledges for St. Jude.[32][33]
In 1999, the Delta Delta Delta collegiate sorority formed a philanthropic partnership with St. Jude.[34] Tri Delta supports St. Jude nationally and supports cancer charities at a local level.[35] At the hospital in Memphis, the sorority donated the Teen Room for teenage patients to relax and spend time with each other. In July 2010, Tri Delta completed its "10 by 10" goal, raising over $10 million in less than four years, six years short of the original goal. Those funds were used to sponsor the Tri Delta Patient Care Floor in the Chili’s Care Center. Upon completion of the "10 by 10" campaign, the sorority announced a new fundraising goal of $15 million in 5 years to name the Specialty Clinic located in the Patient Care Center.[36] Three and a half years later, Delta Delta Delta had raised $15 million and completed its goal ahead of schedule.[37] In July 2014, the on-campus residence center was renamed Tri Delta Place as a result of Tri Delta's pledge of $60 Million in 10 years.[38]
In July 2005, Kappa Alpha Psi (ΚΑΨ) fraternity announced St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital as its national philanthropic partner. Since that time, members across the country have joined in the fight against pediatric cancer, sickle cell disease, and other catastrophic illnesses. Kappa Alpha Psi has answered the call to service by raising more than $400,000—representing the largest contribution that Kappa Alpha Psi has donated to any charity. Members of Kappa Alpha Psi have committed to raise $500,000 in support of the hospital’s sickle cell program. St. Jude has one of the largest pediatric sickle cell research and treatment programs in the world. St. Jude is the first known hospital in the world to cure sickle cell disease through bone marrow transplantation. Today, bone marrow transplantation still offers the only cure for sickle cell disease. Members of Kappa Alpha Psi reach out to churches in their local communities to host a Sunday of Hope each January in support of St. Jude. January was selected because this is the month of Kappa’s founding. During the Sunday of Hope, churches will take up a special offering in honor of the patients and families of St. Jude. At the 2008 ALSAC/St. Jude Board and Awards Dinner, Kappa Alpha Psi received the Volunteer Group of the Year Award for their efforts in the inaugural year of the Sunday of Hope program which secured more than 130 churches to participate and raised more than $280,000.[39]
Lambda Theta Alpha sorority serves thousands of hours each year to a variety of philanthropic causes and needs. In the effort to create a more united and bigger impact nationally, Lambda Theta Alpha selected a national philanthropy. In January 2010, LTA became an official collegiate partner to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, becoming the first individual Latino Greek organization to commit fully to the hospital's efforts. With this partnership, LTA provides our resources of community service and activism and more importantly, another direct link to the Hispanic community for St. Jude. LTA has pledged to raise awareness about childhood cancer and St. Jude in the Latin community, as well as fundraise for the hospital through a variety of events and programs.[40][41]
Past events have included: sporting tournaments, charity galas, informational meetings, and much more.[41]
Another successful event is the Country Cares for St. Jude Kids radio-thon. During these events, country radio stations around the country allow those touched by St. Jude to share stories with listeners, highlighting patient stories, and having exciting promotions. Listeners are encouraged to call in and become a Partner In Hope by making either a one-time or monthly donation to the hospital. The 200 stations involved have helped raise over $400 million since 1989. Country artists have also supported St. Jude through concerts, hospital visits, call-ins, and other forms of support.[42]
McDonald's Monopoly[edit]
In 1995, St. Jude received an anonymous letter postmarked in Dallas, Texas, containing a $1 million winning McDonald's Monopoly game piece. McDonald's officials came to the hospital, accompanied by a representative from the accounting firm Arthur Andersen, and verified it as a winner.[43] Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes, McDonald's waived the rule and has made the annual $50,000 annuity payments, even after learning that the piece was sent by an individual involved in an embezzlement scheme intended to defraud McDonald's.[44]
Celebrity visitors[edit]
St. Jude Children’s Research celebrity visitors are individuals that are in the entertainment industry who visit the children in the hospital. Over the years, many celebrities such as musicians, political figures, actors and others have become involved with this foundation. Hollywood actors visit the hospital to meet some of the kids and try to get involved. Other celebrities have filmed commercials to encourage individuals to donate to St. Jude. Some of the most recognized celebrities that have visited St. Jude to see the effort going on daily in order to combat catastrophic illnesses are:[45]
Tim Allen
Jennifer Aniston
Jim Carrey
Daisy Fuentes
Anne Hathaway
Jennifer Love Hewitt
Dennis Quaid
Steven Seagal
Robin Williams
See also[edit]
The Cure4Kids Global Education and Collaboration Network
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "St. Jude facts". Retrieved 2017-02-28.
Jump up ^ "St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital Inc." Exempt Organization Select Check. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The National Shrine of St. Jude". Shrineofstjude.claretians.org. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
Jump up ^ "Danny's Promise". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Danny's Dream". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2011-01-14. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Sanderson, Jane (1979-04-30). "St. Jude Children's Hospital Was Danny Thomas' Dream, but Dr. Alvin Mauer Makes It Come True". People.com. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
Jump up ^ "Is this a Catholic hospital? Can you say a novena for me?". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ "New Kay Kafe shines bright". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Marlo Thomas Center Opens at St. Jude". WebProNews. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Spunt, SL; Irving, H; Frost, J; Sender, L; Guo, M; Yang, BB; Dreiling, L; Santana, VM (2010). "Phase II, randomized, open-label study of pegfilgrastim-supported VDC/IE chemotherapy in pediatric sarcoma patients". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 28 (8): 1329–36. PMC 2834494  . PMID 20142595. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.24.8872.
^ Jump up to: a b Pui CH, Campana D, Pei D, Bowman WP, Sandlund JT, Kaste SC, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Raimondi SC, Onciu M, Coustan-Smith E, Kun LE, Jeha S, Cheng C, Howard SC, Simmons V, Bayles A, Metzger ML, Boyett JM, Leung W, Handgretinger R, Downing JR, Evans WE, Relling MV (2009). "Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial irradiation". NEJM. 360 (26): 2730–41. PMC 2754320  . PMID 19553647. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0900386.
^ Jump up to: a b "Quick Facts about St. Jude". Stjude.org. 1962-02-04. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ Pui, CH; Ribeiro, RC (2003). "International collaboration on childhood leukemia.". International Journal of Hematology. 78 (5): 383–9. PMID 14704030. doi:10.1007/BF02983810.
Jump up ^ Howard SC, Pedrosa M, Lins M, Pedrosa A, Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Pedrosa F (2004). "Establishment of a pediatric oncology program and outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a resource-poor area.". JAMA. 291 (20): 2471–5. PMID 15161898. doi:10.1001/jama.291.20.2471.
Jump up ^ "Best hospitals". Health.usnews.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Honors and Awards". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Domestic Affiliates". St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
Jump up ^ "Facts for Media". St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital. St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived April 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b [2]
Jump up ^ [3][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Annual Report" (PDF). 2005. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. January 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-17. Retrieved 2006-11-03.
Jump up ^ "St. Jude Children's Research Hospital launches ninth annual St. Jude Thanks and Giving campaign". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2013-03-04.
Jump up ^ "Thanks and Giving: St Judes Brands A Holiday". TheNonProfitTimes. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ "St. Jude Give thanks. Walk. participants in 75 cities to raise funds to end childhood cancer". St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Jump up ^ "Team Up for St. Jude". St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Jump up ^ "TEAM-UP -St. Jude". Hoover, AL: Hoover High School.
Jump up ^ "Up 'Till Dawn". St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
Jump up ^ "The Founder's Creed".
Jump up ^ "Tau Kappa Epsilon". stjude.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "St. Jude". tke.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Epsilon Sigma Alpha International". stjude.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "ESA supports St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital". epsilonsigmaalpha.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Tri Delta and St. Jude". Tridelta.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Philanthropy". Tridelta.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Join us in celebrating Tri Delta's St. Jude month!". Tridelta.org. Retrieved 2012-05-27.
Jump up ^ "Tri Delta Celebrates Raising $4.2 Million in One Year for St. Jude". Prweb.com. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Tri Delta Place". Tridelta.org.
Jump up ^ "Kappa Alpha Psi". Stjude.org. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
Jump up ^ "Lambda Theta Alpha". stjude.org. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Philanthropy". Lambda Theta Alpha. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Country Cares Home Page". Country Cares.
Jump up ^ "Donor Turns Fast Food Into Big Bucks For Hospital". The New York Times. 1995-12-08. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
Jump up ^ "Accused swindler the 'McMystery' donor?". CNN. 2001-09-11.
Jump up ^ "St. Jude Children's Research Hospital".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
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Frances Bavier
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American stage and television actress
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Frances Bavier
Frances Bavier (1964)
Born
Frances Elizabeth Bavier
(1902-12-14)December 14, 1902
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Died
December 6, 1989(1989-12-06) (aged 86)
Siler City, North Carolina, U.S.
Resting place
Oakwood Cemetery, Siler City, North Carolina, U.S.
Alma mater
Columbia University
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1927–1974
Known for
The Andy Griffith Show
Mayberry R.F.D.
Frances Elizabeth Bavier (December 14, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American stage and television actress. Originally from New York theatre, she worked in film and television from the 1950s until the 1970s. She is best known for her role of Aunt Bee on The Andy Griffith Show and Mayberry R.F.D. from 1960 to 1970. Aunt Bee logged more Mayberry years (ten) than any other character. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Comedy Actress for the role in 1967.
Contents
1 Early life and career
2 Later years
3 Death
4 Filmography
5 Television credits
6 References
7 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Born in New York City in a brownstone on Gramercy Park[1] to Charles S., a stationary engineer, and Mary S. (née Birmingham) Bavier, Frances originally planned to become a teacher after attending Columbia University. She first appeared in vaudeville, later moving to the Broadway stage.[2]
After graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1925, she was cast in the stage comedy The Poor Nut.[3] Bavier's big break came in the original Broadway production of On Borrowed Time. She later appeared with Henry Fonda in the play Point of No Return.[3]
Bavier had roles in more than a dozen films, as well as playing a range of supporting roles on television. Career highlights include her turn as Mrs. Barley in the classic 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still. In 1955, she played the rough and tough "Aunt Maggie" Sawtelle, a frontier Ma Barker-type character, in the Lone Ranger episode "Sawtelle's Saga End". In 1957, she played Nora Martin, mother of Eve Arden's character on The Eve Arden Show, despite the fact that Arden was only 6 or 7 years younger than Bavier. That same year, Bavier guest-starred in the eighth episode of Perry Mason as Louise Marlow in "The Case of the Crimson Kiss".
She was in an episode of Make Room for Daddy, which featured Andy Griffith as Andy Taylor and Ron Howard as Opie Taylor. She played a character named Henrietta Perkins. The episode led to The Andy Griffith Show, and Bavier was cast in the role of Aunt Bee. Bavier had a love-hate relationship with her famous role during the run of the show. As a New York City actress, she felt her dramatic talents were being overlooked, yet after playing Bee for eight seasons, she was the only original cast member to remain with the series in the spin-off, Mayberry R.F.D., for two additional seasons.[4]
Bavier was easily offended on the set of The Andy Griffith Show and the production staff took a cautious approach when communicating with her. Series star Andy Griffith once admitted the two sometimes clashed during the series' run. In an April 24, 1998, appearance on Larry King Live, Griffith said Bavier phoned him four months before she died and apologized for being "difficult" during the series' run.[5][6]
Bavier won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy in 1967.
Later years[edit]
In 1972, Bavier retired from acting and bought a home in Siler City, North Carolina.[4] On choosing to live in North Carolina instead of her native New York, Bavier said, "I fell in love with North Carolina, all the pretty roads and the trees." Bavier never married or had children. According to a 1981 article by Chip Womick, a staff writer of The Courier Tribune, Bavier enthusiastically promoted Christmas and Easter Seal Societies from her Siler City home, and often wrote inspirational letters to fans who sought autographs.[citation needed]
Death[edit]
Bavier was described "...as living a sparse life in her latter years, a very quiet life".[7] On November 22, 1989, she was admitted to Chatham Hospital, where she was kept in the coronary care unit for two weeks. She was discharged on December 4, 1989, and died at her home two days later, eight days before her 87th birthday. The immediate causes of death were listed as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis, with supporting factors being breast cancer, arthritis, and COPD.[8] [9] Bavier is interred at Oakwood Cemetery in Siler City.[10] Her headstone includes the name of her most famous role, "Aunt Bee", and reads, "To live in the hearts of those left behind is not to die."[3]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title:
Role:
Notes
1931 Girls About Town Joy Uncredited
1943 O, My Darling Clementine Mrs. Asbury
1951 The Day the Earth Stood Still Mrs. Barley
1951 The Stooge Mrs. Rogers
1952 The Lady Says No Aunt Alice Hatch
1952 Bend of the River Mrs. Prentiss Alternative title: Where the River Bends
1952 Sally and Saint Anne Mrs. Kitty "Mom" O'Moyne
1952 My Wife's Best Friend Mrs. Chamberlain
1952 Horizons West Martha Hammond
1953 Man in the Attic Helen Harley
1956 The Bad Seed Woman in dinner party scene Uncredited
1958 A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed Mrs. Solitaire Alternative title: How to Rob a Bank
1959 It Started with a Kiss Mrs. Tappe
1974 Benji Lady with cat (final film role)
Television credits[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1952 Racket Squad Martha Carver 1 episode
1952–
1953 Gruen Guild Playhouse Sarah Cummings 2 episodes
1953 Hallmark Hall of Fame Lou Bloor 1 episode
1953–
1954 City Detective Various roles 3 episodes
1953–
1954 Letter to Loretta Various roles 3 episodes
1953–
1955 Dragnet Hazel Howard 3 episodes
1954 The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse Thelma 2 episodes
1954–
1955 Waterfront Martha
Amy 2 episodes
1954–
1956 It's a Great Life Mrs. Amy Morgan 62 episodes
1955 The Lone Ranger Aunt Maggie Sawtelle 1 episode
1955 Soldiers of Fortune Amelia Lilly 1 episode
1955 Damon Runyon Theater 1 episode
1955 Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Revenge Mrs. Fergusen 1 episode
1956 Lux Video Theatre 1 episode
1956 Cavalcade of America Mrs. Hayes 1 episode
1957 Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre 1 episode
1957 General Electric Theater Miss Trimingham 1 episode
1957 Perry Mason Louise Marlow 1 episode
1957–
1958 The Eve Arden Show Mrs. Nora Martin 5 episodes
1958 Colgate Theatre 1 episode
1959 The Ann Sothern Show Mrs. Wallace 1 episode
1959 The Thin Man 1 episode
1959 Sugarfoot Aunt Nancy Thomas 1 episode
1959 Wagon Train Sister Joseph 1 episode - "The Sister Rita Story"
1959 77 Sunset Strip Grandma Fenwick 1 episode
1960 The Danny Thomas Show Henrietta Perkins 1 episode
1960 Rawhide Ellen Ferguson 1 episode
1960–
1968 The Andy Griffith Show Aunt Beatrice "Bee" Taylor 175 episodes
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Comedy Series (1967)
1967 Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. Aunt Bee Taylor 1 episode
1968–
1970 Mayberry R.F.D. Aunt Bee Taylor 24 episodes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Childhood Jealousy Leads Frances Bavier to Stage". The Ogden Standard-Examiner: pg. 13. June 26, 1936.
Jump up ^ "Frances Bavier Dead; TV Performer Was 86". The New York Times. 1989-12-08. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c Carp, Randy. "Aunt Bee: Sex Symbol and Diva?". Fans Pages. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kelly, Richard Michael (1985). The Andy Griffith Show. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-89587-043-6.
Jump up ^ "Frances 'Aunt Bee' Bavier dead at 86". United Press International. December 7, 1989. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
Jump up ^ Foley, Rich (October 23, 2014). "Aunt Bee's Studebaker and other fine vehicles". State Line Observer. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Andy Griffith' Aunt Bee Recluse in Final Years". Los Angeles Times. January 17, 1990. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The cast of 'Griffith Show' mourns Frances Bavier". Chicago Tribune. December 8, 1989. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Frances Bavier death certificate, autopsyfiles.org; accessed September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hoffman, James L.; Grizzle, Ralph (2007). Day Trips From Raleigh-Durham. Globe Pequot. pp. 184–86. ISBN 0-7627-4543-6.
External links[edit]
Biography portal
Frances Bavier on IMDb
Frances Bavier at the Internet Broadway Database
Frances Bavier at AllMovie
Frances Elizabeth Bavier at Find a Grave
Frances Bavier Papers, 1930s-1990
hide
v
t
e
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Vivian Vance (1953)
Audrey Meadows (1954)
Nanette Fabray (1955)
Pat Carroll (1956)
Ann B. Davis (1957)
Ann B. Davis (1959)
Alice Pearce (1966)
Frances Bavier (1967)
Marion Lorne (1968)
Karen Valentine (1970)
Valerie Harper (1971)
Valerie Harper / Sally Struthers (1972)
Valerie Harper (1973)
Cloris Leachman (1974)
Betty White (1975)
Betty White (1976)
Mary Kay Place (1977)
Julie Kavner (1978)
Sally Struthers (1979)
Loretta Swit (1980)
Eileen Brennan (1981)
Loretta Swit (1982)
Carol Kane (1983)
Rhea Perlman (1984)
Rhea Perlman (1985)
Rhea Perlman (1986)
Jackée Harry (1987)
Estelle Getty (1988)
Rhea Perlman (1989)
Bebe Neuwirth (1990)
Bebe Neuwirth (1991)
Laurie Metcalf (1992)
Laurie Metcalf (1993)
Laurie Metcalf (1994)
Christine Baranski (1995)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus (1996)
Kristen Johnston (1997)
Lisa Kudrow (1998)
Kristen Johnston (1999)
Megan Mullally (2000)
Doris Roberts (2001)
Doris Roberts (2002)
Doris Roberts (2003)
Cynthia Nixon (2004)
Doris Roberts (2005)
Megan Mullally (2006)
Jaime Pressly (2007)
Jean Smart (2008)
Kristin Chenoweth (2009)
Jane Lynch (2010)
Julie Bowen (2011)
Julie Bowen (2012)
Merritt Wever (2013)
Allison Janney (2014)
Allison Janney (2015)
Kate McKinnon (2016)
Kate McKinnon (2017)
Alex Borstein (2018)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb14153802j (data)
ISNI: 0000 0001 1469 8559
SNAC: w6c03w78
VIAF: 28601553
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frances_Bavier&oldid=865523954"
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