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Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)
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Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)
Season 12 U.S. DVD cover
Starring
Christopher Meloni
Mariska Hargitay
Richard Belzer
Ice-T
B. D. Wong
Tamara Tunie
Dann Florek
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
24
Release
Original network
NBC
Original release
September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22) – May 18, 2011 (2011-05-18)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 11
Next →
Season 13
List of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episodes
The twelfth season of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit premiered in the United States on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on September 22, 2010, and concluded on May 18, 2011. This was the first season that the show did not air alongside the original Law & Order. Episodes initially aired on Wednesdays between 9pm/8c and 10pm/9c Eastern except for the season premiere which aired from 9pm/8c to 11pm/10c. After the winter hiatus, SVU returned with another two-hour showing on January 5, 2011, before the broadcast time switched to the 10pm/9c time slot the following week.[1]
At the end of the season, Neal Baer resigned his position as showrunner.[2] After the season finale, Christopher Meloni, B. D. Wong, and Tamara Tunie left the principal cast.[3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Cast changes and returning characters
3 Cast
3.1 Main cast
3.2 Special guest star
3.3 Recurring cast
3.4 Guest stars
4 Episodes
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
For the first eleven years of Law & Order: SVU, the set had been located in New Jersey, at NBC's Central Archives building in North Bergen. Faced with losing the state's 20 percent tax incentive, the show moved to New York City into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that was occupied by the original Law & Order series.[5] After the fourth episode of the season, the original New Jersey set was no longer used.[6] Outdoor filming was halted on January 26, 2011, due to a blizzard. Production resumed in the Chelsea Piers studio.[7]
This season's third episode focused on an investigation involving a rape kit, which took Detective Olivia Benson (Hargitay) from New York City to Los Angeles to meet Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Rex Winters (Skeet Ulrich). The episode was shot while Hargitay was in Los Angeles for the Primetime Emmy Awards in August 2010, and aired September 29, before the Law & Order: LA premiere on NBC.[8]
Neal Baer left Law & Order: SVU at the end of the season, after serving eleven years (seasons 2–12) as showrunner. He chose not to renew his NBC contract, instead signing a three–year deal with CBS Studios.[2]
Cast changes and returning characters[edit]
Australian newspaper Courier-Mail reported in February 2010 that season twelve would be Christopher Meloni's last, after his comment to the reporter that "I think 12 years is enough, a good number" was misunderstood. Meloni later clarified that, at the time, he had one year left on his contract and the show had not been picked up. He also said "[i]t wasn't [the reporter's] fault", and that he would continue on the show as long as it is picked up.[9] When asked in an interview if Mariska Hargitay could envision doing the show without him, she said, "Oh man, it breaks my heart to even think about it. I just love that man and I love acting with him, and I think it's our chemistry that makes the show what it is. So I don't even want to think about it".[10]
This season marked Meloni's last appearance on the show.
On April 12, 2010, NBC officially picked up SVU for a twelfth season with Meloni and Hargitay returning as part of the one-year deal they struck with NBC before production began on season 11, which included an option for a second year. The two started shooting new episodes in June and July 2010.[11] Hargitay expressed interest in her character having a baby this season, saying, "A boyfriend! A baby! I don't even have to get married. I just want a baby! Give me a baby!".[10]
On June 23, 2010, Michael Ausiello reported that Paula Patton was in "advanced talks" to join the show, as a permanent ADA.[12] TV Guide later confirmed that Patton would play Assistant District Attorney Mikka Von in multiple episodes, beginning with the fifth episode. She was set to fill the ADA slot left vacant by both Stephanie March (Alexandra Cabot) and guest star Sharon Stone (Jo Marlowe).[13] Patton later dropped out to film Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, and was replaced by Melissa Sagemiller as ADA Gillian Hardwicke.[14][15] Sagemiller and Mariska Hargitay previously worked together on the SVU season one episode "Russian Love Poem", in which Sagemiller played a victim. "There's something in my past, a personal connection that we have, something that she did for me and a family member who she helped out ... She's not aware of it yet [but] it becomes revealed in the next several episodes", Sagemiller said. ADA Hardwicke's background was never revealed. Her personality, Sagemiller says, is front and center. "She's tough ... she has a heart, she just gets what she wants." Sagemiller also added, "She sticks to the letter of the law, sometimes to a fault, but in the end I think she always does the right thing".[16]
Christine Lahti returned as EADA Sonya Paxton in the ninth episode "Gray". Paxton, previously exposed as an alcoholic in season 11, had apparently conquered her drinking problem. Baer told TVGuide.com, "She has a huge scene where she faces off with Stabler".[17] Her character was later killed in the seventeenth episode. Diane Neal returned as ADA Casey Novak for the episode "Reparations".[18] Neal had previously made her last appearance in the ninth-season finale, in which her character was censured for violating due process in a rape case.[19]
Cast[edit]
See also: List of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit characters
Main cast[edit]
Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler
Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson
Richard Belzer as Sergeant John Munch
Ice-T as Detective Fin Tutuola
B. D. Wong as Dr. George Huang
Tamara Tunie as ME Dr. Melinda Warner
Dann Florek as Captain Don Cragen
Special guest star[edit]
Diane Neal as ADA Casey Novak
Recurring cast[edit]
Melissa Sagemiller as ADA Gillian Hardwicke
James Chen as CSU Forensics Technician Adrian Sung
Joel de la Fuente as TARU Lieutenant Ruben Morales
Francie Swift as ADA Sherri West
Jamie Concepcion as Officer Delgado
Charlie Tahan as Calvin Arliss
Joe Grifasi as Defense Attorney Hashi Horowitz
Caren Browning as CSU Captain Judith Siper
Isabel Gillies as Kathy Stabler
Anne James as Dr. Jane Larom
Neal Bledsoe as CSU Forensics Technician Clifton Montgomery
Maria Bello as Vivian Arliss
Stephen Gregory as Dr. Kyle Beresford
Gloria Reuben as AUSA Christine Danielson
Austin Lysy as Defense Attorney Russell Hunter
Jeremy Irons as Dr. Cap Jackson
Amir Arison as Dr. Manning
Christine Lahti as Executive ADA Sonya Paxton
Joanna Merlin as Judge Lena Petrovsky
Michael Boatman as Defense Attorney Dave Seaver
Robert John Burke as IAB Lieutenant Ed Tucker
Lindsay Crouse as Judge D. Andrews
Zack Grenier as Judge Miranski
Joseph Sikora as Jason Gambel
Kat Foster as Sarah Hoyt
Henry Ian Cusick as Erik Weber
Guest stars[edit]
Maria Bello appeared twice in this season as Vivian Arliss, who briefly gives custody of her son to Benson.
Henry Ian Cusick played a graphic artist named Erik Weber in the first two episodes.[20] Joan Cusack played the mother of two missing girls in the first episode.[21] Jennifer Love Hewitt played a rape victim afraid to leave her house in the episode "Behave". Baer told TVGuide.com, "One of the reasons we wanted to do this episode is because it addresses Mariska Hargitay's passion for rape kits, which can help gather evidence to convict the rapists. But for some reason these kits have been sitting around unopened in cities all over the country."[22] Skeet Ulrich guest-starred in the same episode as his Law & Order: LA character, Detective Rex Winters.[8] Gloria Reuben guest starred as US Attorney Christine Danielson in the fourth episode "Merchandise", in which the death of a girl who was struck by a car reveals a child trafficking and slavery ring. Baer said of her appearance, "We're bringing back characters we love this season."[6]
Prior to appearing in season 12, Harden appeared twice in the series, her last appearance being on the season 8 premiere episode "Informed".
David Krumholtz guest starred in the fifth episode "Wet" with actress Rosemary Harris. Krumholtz played an expert on toxic mushrooms who is involved in the same murder investigation that involved Harris' character.[23] Paula Patton, who was originally cast in the role of ADA, also makes a guest appearance as ADA Mikka Von. In the episode, her character is fired because she sent a defense attorney on vacation in order to give the detectives more time in finding who actually committed the murder. In the sixth episode "Branded", Michael Gladis and Kevin Alejandro played two of a trio of rape victims. "They have been branded and sodomized by someone", revealed Baer, who said the show posed the questions, "is there a connection between these men, and what nut case is on the loose?"[24] David Alan Grier played defense attorney Jeremy Swift.[25] Jason Wiles also joined Gladis, Alejandro, and Grier in the episode. Wiles played Alexander Gammon, who becomes a rapist's target.[26]
Maria Bello appeared in the season's seventh episode "Trophy" as Vivian Arliss. After identifying an ex-convict as the prime suspect for the rape and murder of a girl, Benson discovers that Arliss' mother was raped by the same man. Arliss leaves her son Calvin (Charlie Tahan) in Benson's custody to find the boy's father.[27] She later appeared in tenth episode "Rescue". Marcia Gay Harden returned in the season's eighth episode "Penetration" as FBI Agent Dana Lewis. Agent Lewis is raped while undercover, and her rapist has a connection to one of her previous undercover operations in "Raw".[28]
Drea de Matteo guest starred as Sondra in the eleventh episode "Pop", as a pregnant battered wife whose abuser also beats her son from another marriage.[29] Matteo said in an interview that she had not read the script prior to accepting the role and explained that, "I just knew that they wanted me to do something on the show and I'm a fan of the show, I was really excited to be on this show. This is like a New York staple. It's part of our culture here".[30] Olympia Dukakis also guest-starred in that episode as an attorney named Debby Marsh, who is hired to represent the son (Al Calderon) of Sondra.[31] Taryn Manning guest starred in the twelfth episode, "Possessed", portraying a woman who years earlier had been coerced into porn. Peyton List also guest starred as the young version of Taryn Manning's onscreen character, Larissa Welsh. They filmed scenes in December 2010.[32] Jeremy Irons guest starred in "Mask" as Dr. Cap Jackson, a sex therapist who runs a sex addiction rehab clinic. "We're elated to work with an actor of Jeremy's caliber", Baer said. "He brings depth, intelligence and charisma to all his varied roles and we couldn't be luckier to have him guest-star on SVU."[33] A.J. Cook guest starred in the same episode as Irons, and Cook portrayed OBGYN Debbie Shields, the lesbian lover of the daughter of Irons' character. Baer mentioned that "[h]er character is brutally attacked."[34]
Hargitay met Shohreh Aghdashloo at the 2009 Primetime Emmy Awards and the two "hit it off" so well that Baer invited her to guest star on the show.[35]
Lahti has appeared multiple times as EADA Sonya Paxton since season 11. Her character was killed in the episode "Pursuit".
Shohreh Aghdashloo guest starred as Detective Saliyah "Sunny" Qadri, an employee of the Brooklyn DA's office in the episode "Dirty".[35] Colm Feore played a wealthy sexual predator named Jordan Hayes in the episode "Flight". Feore said of his character: "Harder is the psychology of a guy who gets his kicks from taking advantage of young women, girls really to be brutally honest. [It's tough] asking yourself what kind of a guy it is who needs to satisfy his desires, such as they are, with innocence".[36] Debra Messing guest starred in the episode, "Pursuit", as a TV journalist who becomes the target of a stalker. Baer described her character as "[a] ballsy television journalist who sets out to nail pedophiles".[37] LuAnn de Lesseps played a socialite who makes a gruesome discovery in the episode, "Bully". Executive producer Dan Truly described her character as a "slightly deranged, out of control artist". For her role, she had to pose semi-nude, for which she said she felt comfortable doing as it was "tasteful".[38] The episode also featured guest appearances from Kate Burton and opera singer Renée Fleming.[39]
Rose McGowan guest starred as another kind of temptress in the episode "Bombshell". Baer said, "Rose plays a grifter named Cassandra who strikes swinging men who frequent sex clubs. And we're very excited to have her." Ryan Hurst also guest starred.[40] Elizabeth Mitchell, signed for a "horrifying" guest role in the episode "Totem". She guest starred alongside returning guest star Jeremy Irons, who appeared earlier in the season as Dr. Cap Jackson. Elizabeth played an unmarried piano teacher who was the last person to see one of her students alive. For the first time, the series dealt with a case in which a woman is suspected of sexually assaulting and murdering a child. Because of the rarity of this offense, Dr. Jackson is called in to consult with Benson and Stabler because he has studied women who have committed this type of crime.[41]
Diane Neal, who portrayed ADA Casey Novak from the fifth season until the end of the ninth season, reprised her role for the episode "Reparations"[19] along with Law & Order: LA actor Terrence Howard, whose character (DDA Joe Dekker) comes to New York to defend his cousin. This episode was the second crossover-episode with Law & Order: LA of the season.[42] Lori Singer played Dede, a mother whose baby is kidnapped in the episode "Bang".[43] John Stamos guest starred in the same episode playing an adoption attorney with a secret passion.[18] Rita Wilson played Bree Mazelon, the protective mother of a teen (Sterling Beaumon) under investigation in the episode, "Delinquent".
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
249
1 "Locum" Arthur W. Forney Dawn DeNoon September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22) 1201 9.68[45]
Detectives Benson and Stabler investigate the disappearance of the ten-year-old adopted daughter (Bailee Madison) of a foster couple (Joan Cusack and Peter Strauss). They soon discover that she ran away to meet with a man named Erik Weber (Henry Ian Cusick), whom she met on the internet. Benson and Stabler suspect Weber has ulterior motives regarding the girl, but he denies any wrongdoing, and expresses romantic interest in Benson. As the investigation continues, the detectives realize that the girl's foster parents have another child (Amanda Dillard), which changes the entire course of the case.
Inspired by the Jaycee Dugard case and the film Vertigo.[44]
250
2 "Bullseye" Peter Leto Daniel Truly September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22) 1202 10.36[45]
Benson and Stabler are called to the hospital after a ten-year-old girl (Ruby Jerins) is raped. They arrive to find her so traumatized that she cannot even tell them her name. Detective Tutuola and Sergeant Munch are able to identify the young victim, but they soon realize that her parents (Melissa Rain Anderson and Daniel Stewart) are far from normal. When the detectives find themselves without a lead, Erik Weber, a man they met on their previous case, decides to get involved and leads them to two suspects- a man with Noonan syndrome (Adrian Martinez) and a convicted child molester (Stephen Tobolowsky). After talking to Weber's sister (Emily Dorsch) about a number of suspicious occurrences, Benson is able to find out who the real rapist is.
251
3 "Behave" Helen Shaver Jonathan Greene September 29, 2010 (2010-09-29) 1203 9.48[46]
A rape victim (Jennifer Love Hewitt) is brought into the hospital initially claiming that the same man (James LeGros) has attacked her repeatedly for the past fifteen years. Benson is determined to help her, but she lives in such terror that she refuses to submit to a rape kit out of fear that she will be raped again. As Benson looks for a way to help, she is horrified to learn that there are police precincts and evidence labs across the country that never test their rape kits. The investigation leads her to Detroit, Chicago, and then to Los Angeles, where she finds evidence that could finally help the woman get justice.
Special appearance by Skeet Ulrich as Det. Rex Winters.
252
4 "Merchandise" Peter Leto Judith McCreary October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06) 1204 8.69[47]
A fifteen-year-old girl (Michaela Annette) is chased from a farmer's market. When she is hit by a car and killed, Benson and Stabler are surprised when Dr. Warner rules it a homicide, as she found signs that the girl was being starved and had recently given birth. They learn from the girl's father (Paul Schulze) that she and her teenage brother (Devon Gearhart) were kidnapped by an organization that claimed to be hiring farm hands. Tutuola and Dr. Huang arrest one of the conspirators (Amanda Lisa Wong) and find the surviving teenager. Although questioning him proves difficult at first, the boy breaks down upon learning that he got his sister killed, since he was trying to save her from being beaten. With the future of the case uncertain, Benson and Stabler reach out to Assistant U.S. Attorney Christine Danielson (Gloria Reuben).
253
5 "Wet" Jonathan Kaplan Speed Weed October 13, 2010 (2010-10-13) 1205 8.13[48]
Benson and Stabler arrive on the scene where a woman (Lucy Owen) is found dead in Bethesda Fountain. When her squeaky clean image does not match up with her promiscuous actions, their new ADA, Mikka Von (Paula Patton), encourages the cops to dig deeper into her past. Benson and Stabler find out that the woman worked for a soft drink company that faced recent controversy over trying to privatize water rights in Bolivia. Upon finding out that she was poisoned with toxic mushrooms, the detectives suspect that an activist and professor (David Krumholtz) is responsible. Other suspects present themselves when SVU realizes that his lover (Amanda Fuller) is competing for her wealthy grandmother (Rosemary Harris)'s inheritance and ADA Von's tricks in court cost her more than the case.
254
6 "Branded" Peter Leto Chris Brancato October 20, 2010 (2010-10-20) 1206 8.74[49]
When Benson and Stabler investigate a brutal attack on an unassuming, upstanding father (Michael Gladis), they find him branded on his chest with a wire coat hanger. Before long, another victim turns up (Kevin Alejandro), who has suffered the same injuries. A connection is found when the SVU learns that both men work for the same employer (Jason Wiles). When their assailant (Bess Rous) is captured, her story convinces Benson and new Assistant DA Gillian Hardwicke (Melissa Sagemiller) that she endured far greater suffering.
255
7 "Trophy" Donna Deitch Ken Storer November 3, 2010 (2010-11-03) 1207 8.13[50]
After a young woman (Tonya Glanz) is raped and murdered, her body turns up in an industrial laundry facility. When the perp fires at Benson and Stabler from inside a house, they find a torture chamber in the basement and arrest the owner of the house (Joseph Sikora). However, further investigation reveals that he is being set up by a serial rapist (R. Lee Ermey) and Benson builds a connection to a victim's daughter (Maria Bello) and her son (Charlie Tahan).
256
8 "Penetration" Peter Leto Christine M. Torres & Dawn DeNoon November 10, 2010 (2010-11-10) 1208 7.18[51]
FBI Agent Dana Lewis (Marcia Gay Harden) is assaulted by a stranger and asks Benson to have her rape kit tested. Before the cops can help her, Lewis goes back undercover and refuses to talk about the assignment or the rape, for fear that she will be exposed and pulled off the case. With Benson and Stabler in pursuit, Lewis apprehends the rapist (Jeremy Davidson) herself. When Hardwicke questions Lewis on the stand, it is revealed that the mercenary was hired by someone (J. C. MacKenzie) who wanted revenge on Lewis.
257
9 "Gray" Helen Shaver George Huang November 17, 2010 (2010-11-17) 1209 7.65[52]
Stabler goes to his daughter Kathleen's (Allison Siko) university to discuss rape prevention at a Take Back the Night rally. When a girl from the crowd (Anna Greenfield) accuses another student (Charlie Barnett) of rape, Stabler and Benson are assigned the case. What emerges are conflicting accounts and fiery accusations without substantial evidence to back them up, but Kathleen finds evidence against the student, although Stabler questions its legality. Executive ADA Sonya Paxton (Christine Lahti) returns to SVU after her suspension and Stabler convinces her not to compel his daughter's testimony. Paxton finds another way of prosecuting the student when they learn that he gave an abortive agent to his girlfriend (Gwynneth Bensen) claiming that it was a lubricant.
258
10 "Rescue" Peter Leto & Constantine Makris Daniel Truly December 1, 2010 (2010-12-01) 1210 9.22[54]
With young Calvin Arliss (Charlie Tahan) in her care, Benson claims to be searching for his drug-addict mother Vivian (Maria Bello). However, Stabler begins to question this after noticing the bond forming between Olivia and Calvin. After collaring two paramedics (Mike Starr and James Martinez) for violating an intoxicated partygoer (Shea Glaser) on the way to the hospital, the SVU discovers that Vivian was at an open house attended by the paramedics. Captain Cragen assigns Tutuola and Munch to the case, but Benson gets involved against his orders, leading to heartbreak for Olivia.
Partially inspired by the 2010 Duke University faux sex thesis controversy.[53]
259
11 "Pop" Norberto Barba Jonathan Greene January 5, 2011 (2011-01-05) 1211 10.60[55]
A young boy is found dead on a park carousel after being dropped off by his uncle (James Carpinello). Stabler discovers that he was beaten to death and the mother accuses a bully (Sammuel Soifer) at his school. The SVU discovers that the beating did not take place at school, but rather in a park where members of an unsettling gambling ring gather to watch teenagers fight. Stabler and Tutuola suspect that one of the ring leaders (Adam Senn) is beating his wife (Drea de Matteo) and son (Al Calderon). When the abusive man is killed by a family member, Hardwicke must decide whom to prosecute for his murder.
260
12 "Possessed" Constantine Makris Brian Fagan January 5, 2011 (2011-01-05) 1212 10.60[55]
A young man (Michelangelo Milano) finds that his girlfriend (Taryn Manning) has been attacked in her apartment with evidence that points to her buried past. Benson and Stabler go in search of her attacker (Devin Ratray) and discover that an elderly author (David Patrick Kelly) used to abuse children. With the statute of limitations coming up, Hardwicke has a hard time prosecuting the man, who acts as his own savvy defense attorney. Detectives reach out to a childhood friend (Brian Justin Crum) of the victim only to find that he never left the world of child pornography.
261
13 "Mask" Donna Deitch Speed Weed January 12, 2011 (2011-01-12) 1213 8.39[56]
A man wearing a haunting mask (Chandler Williams) rapes an OBGYN (A. J. Cook) and assaults her partner (Marguerite Stimpson). In trying to identify the rapist, the SVU discovers that the partner's father Cap Jackson (Jeremy Irons) has a sordid past filled with sex and alcohol addiction. Ironically, he now works as a sex therapist who refuses to give detectives the names of his patients that they believe could have attacked his daughter. Stabler infiltrates the therapy group without Jackson's knowledge and is able to find the rapist before he attacks another woman.
262
14 "Dirty" Helen Shaver Judith McCreary January 19, 2011 (2011-01-19) 1214 6.97[57]
A Brooklyn detective (Shohreh Aghdashloo) goes in search of one of her legal colleagues (Julie Basem), whom she fears may be in danger. She finds the Assistant District Attorney just in time to witness her fall from the top of a parking garage. When Benson arrives, she discovers that the crime scene has been tampered with and turns to AUSA Danielson (Gloria Reuben) for help. The two of them investigate a member (Doug Drucker) of the Latin Kings and discover evidence that could implicate his girlfriend (Samantha Galarza) as a co-conspirator. Benson uses this as leverage to find out who the killer is and realizes that the suspect has been in her sights the entire time.
263
15 "Flight" Alex Chapple Dawn DeNoon & Christine M. Torres February 2, 2011 (2011-02-02) 1215 8.81[58]
When a teenage girl (Kristina Alexandra Makarian) on a plane shows symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder due to sexual abuse, all leads point to a wealthy defense contractor (Colm Feore). The billionaire counters that the girl raped him at a party he was throwing and Benson and Stabler find a woman (Kelli Barrett) who appears to seek out young girls for him. Afraid that the squad lacks the evidence to make an arrest, Munch works on making the girl's blog go viral, which entices other rape victims to come forward.
264
16 "Spectacle" Peter Leto Chris Brancato February 9, 2011 (2011-02-09) 1216 7.89[59]
After the sexual assault of a young woman (Kellyn Lindsey) is videotaped and featured on a college campus-wide intranet feed, Stabler and Tutuola go in search of the victim and her attacker. As they delve into the investigation, it becomes clear that the perpetrator (Spencer Treat Clark) created a spectacle to draw attention to his own issues and force the police to look for his younger sibling (Dylan Reiff) who was abducted off the streets, in plain sight, five years ago.
265
17 "Pursuit" Jonathan Kaplan Judith McCreary February 16, 2011 (2011-02-16) 1217 7.31[60]
Alicia Harding (Debra Messing), host of the Neighborhood Predator television series, gets a bloody scarf in the mail along with death threats. EADA Paxton informs SVU that she worked with the same woman years ago trying to find her sister's abductor before the case went cold. As the stalker escalates, Harding grows increasingly convinced that the same person killed her sister and tries to draw him into the open by presenting new evidence on her show. Benson, Tutuola, and Paxton accompany Harding to a park where they find several dead bodies, but fear that any public announcement that they have made progress on the case will put her life in danger. The squad is able to find the murderer (Christian Hoff), but only after a member of the team is attacked.
266
18 "Bully" Helen Shaver Ken Storer February 23, 2011 (2011-02-23) 1218 8.02[61]
When an art patron (LuAnn de Lesseps) discovers a gruesome work of art, it leads gallery visitors to find a woman (Kathryn Barnhardt) dead in her apartment above. Benson and Stabler look into the victim's personal contacts and find someone named Annette Cole (Kate Burton), who appears to be a friend in the wine industry. However, she is later revealed to be an abusive boss with a habit of beating and berating her employees. The troubled Cole kills herself in the middle of a press conference, leaving the detectives to try to fill in the missing gaps.
267
19 "Bombshell" Patrick Creadon Daniel Truly March 23, 2011 (2011-03-23) 1219 8.84[62]
When a man (Tom Irwin) is found stabbed in a parking garage, Benson and Stabler discover that he and his wife are open about having one night stands. When the detectives go undercover at a swingers club, they meet a popular lady (Rose McGowan) and an intruder whom she claims is her jealous boyfriend (Ryan Hurst). However, further investigation reveals that they have a different type of relationship. As tensions grow, the detectives question just how far jealousy can push someone.
This was the final episode to feature B.D. Wong (Dr. George Huang) as a regular. His departure from the cast was not announced until July 2011.[3]
268
20 "Totem" Jonathan Kaplan Jonathan Greene March 30, 2011 (2011-03-30) 1220 8.54[63]
A young girl is found dead with a doll left as a totem. With Dr. Huang out of town, Benson and Stabler ask a psychiatrist from one of their previous cases, Cap Jackson (Jeremy Irons), for help. Jackson joins the detectives as they retrace the girl's last steps and go to meet with her piano teacher (Elizabeth Mitchell). During the questioning, his skills prove invaluable in deciphering the meaning of the totem, ultimately finding the killer and more victims of abuse.
269
21 "Reparations" Constantine Makris Christine M. Torres April 6, 2011 (2011-04-06) 1221 8.29[64]
A woman (Virginia Kull) is raped in her apartment and her friend (Afton Williamson) suspects that the rapist is one of the students from the inner city school where she teaches. However, the teacher accuses someone else (Vondie Curtis-Hall), who happens to be the cousin of Los Angeles Deputy DA Joe Dekker (Terrence Howard). ADA Casey Novak (Diane Neal) returns to Special Victims after a three year censure and challenges Dekker in court. The detectives discover a history of racism involving the victim's family and the suspect's family and Novak must convince both sides to tell the truth. Novak and Stabler learn that the intruder entered the victim's home intending to commit rape to get revenge for his mother (Irma P. Hall), who was raped by the teacher's grandfather (Robert Hogan).
Special appearance by Terrence Howard as DDA Joe Dekker.
270
22 "Bang" Peter Leto Speed Weed May 4, 2011 (2011-05-04) 1222 8.53[65]
After a man (Jordan Dean) abandons a baby in an alley, Benson and Stabler go in search of the child's caregiver. Upon meeting the nanny (Marta Milans) and her boyfriend (John Stamos), they soon realize that he is also engaged to the baby's adoptive mother (Lori Singer). Multiple references to broken condoms convince the detectives that he has a malevolent hobby and they enlist the help of an expert (Noelle Beck).
271
23 "Delinquent" Holly Dale Dawn DeNoon May 11, 2011 (2011-05-11) 1223 8.10[66]
When a young woman (Marina Squerciati) finds a teenage boy (Sterling Beaumon) asleep and naked in her bedroom, the boy's mother (Rita Wilson) is quick to defend his actions. During his arraignment, the manipulative teenager accuses Stabler of inappropriate touching, which leads to a restraining order being filed and an IAB investigation. Benson and Stabler learn that the boy has a history of stalking and alcohol abuse and suspect him of being a serial rapist. Stabler puts his career on the line by trying to catch the suspect in the act and learns about someone else who played a role in shaping his sociopathic behavior.
272
24 "Smoked" Helen Shaver Jonathan Greene & Daniel Truly May 18, 2011 (2011-05-18) 1224 8.98[67]
When a woman (Alice Barrett) is murdered during an afternoon shopping trip with her daughter (Hayley McFarland), Benson and Stabler are called in because she was scheduled to testify in their high-profile rape case. Benson and Stabler initially eye the accused rapist (Andrew Howard), but they discover that he might have been framed by someone (Michael Raymond-James). Stabler gets wrapped up in an ATF sting against a cigarette smuggling ring and discovers that the ATF agent running the operation (Pedro Pascal) is dirty, which leads them to arrest three suspects. Just when they are satisfied that the case has been closed, tragedy strikes in the squad room.
Christopher Meloni (Detective Elliot Stabler) departed the cast after this episode.[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 15, 2010). "NBC Renews '30 Rock'; Announces 'Parks & Rec' Return & Major Midseason Schedule Changes". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (2010-11-23). "'Law & Order: SVU' Showrunner Neal Baer Signs Big Overall Deal With CBS TV Studios".
^ Jump up to: a b Mitovich, Matt (July 17, 2011). "Fall TV Scoop: B.D. Wong Reveals His SVU Fate". TVLine. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Webb Mitovich, Matt; Ausiello (May 24, 2011). "Exclusive: Chris Meloni Exits Law & Order: SVU". TVLine. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 25, 2010). "'Law & Order: SVU' Leaves New Jersey Over Nixed Tax Credit & May Move Into 'L&O' Set". Deadline. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Rudolph, Ileane (August 17, 2010). "Exclusive: Gloria Reuben Returns to SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Guthrie, Marisa (January 27, 2011). "NYC Snowstorm: 'Law & Order: SVU' Switches Shoot Schedule". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Law & Order: SVU' To Shoot On West Coast". Access Hollywood. August 17, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Chris Meloni: I'm Not Leaving SVU". Us Weekly. April 7, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Wieselman, Jarett (May 6, 2010). "Mariska Hargitay: Give Benson a baby!". New York Post. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (April 12, 2010). "NBC Picks Up 'Law & Order: LA' For Fall; 'SVU' Cleared For 12th Season With Cast; Original 'L&O' Looks Good For Record 21st". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 23, 2010). "'Law & Order: SVU' exclusive: 'Precious' star circling new ADA post". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, Mickey (July 21, 2010). "Precious Star Paula Patton Is Law & Order: SVU's New ADA". TV Guide. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 10, 2010). "'Law & Order: SVU' scoop: 'Bar' girl Melissa Sagemiller is new ADA". Entertainment Weekly. Ausiello Files. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rudolph, Ileane (September 10, 2010). "SVU Producer Neal Baer Explains ADA Shakeup". TV Guide. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ross, Robyn (November 3, 2010). "SVU's New ADA is Tough, But Has Heart, Says Actress". TV Guide. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rudolph, Ileane (August 26, 2010). "Christine Lahti Returns to Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Stanhope, Kate (March 4, 2011). "Exclusive: John Stamos to Guest-Star on Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Ausiello, Michael (March 1, 2011). "Law & Order: SVU Scoop: Diane Neal Returns!". TV Line. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (July 6, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Law & Order: SVU Signs Lost Alum". TV Guide. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Exclusive: Joan Cusack Signs on to Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (July 30, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Jennifer Love Hewitt to Guest on Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 1, 2010). "Ask Ausiello: Spoilers on 'House,' 'Grey's,' 'Bones,' 'Chuck,' 'Gossip Girl,' and more!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (September 14, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Law & Order: SVU Adds a Mad Man and a True Blood Brother". TV Guide. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ross, Robyn (September 17, 2010). "Law & Order: SVU Books David Alan Grier". TV Guide. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ross, Robyn (September 23, 2010). "Exclusive: 90210 Alum Heads to Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, Mickey (July 19, 2010). "Maria Bello Signs On to SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (August 11, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Marcia Gay Harden Returns to SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (November 11, 2010). "Exclusive: Drea de Matteo Takes Desperate Housewife Act to Law & Order: SVU". Movieline.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Jeffery, Morgan (January 4, 2011). "De Matteo 'hadn't read SVU script'". Digital Spy. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (November 21, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: SVU Secures Oscar Winner Olympia Dukakis". TV Guide. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (November 25, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Hawaii Five-0 Regular Booked to Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ross, Robyn (December 3, 2010). "SVU Scoop: Oscar Winner Jeremy Irons to Guest-Star". TV Guide. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (December 9, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Fired Criminal Minds Fave A.J. Cook To Guest on Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Keck, William (November 9, 2010). "Keck's Exclusives: Aghdashloo Heads to SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (February 2, 2011). "Law & Order: SVU: Colm Feore on the Dueling Sides of His Guest Role". TV Guide. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (January 4, 2011). "Keck's Exclusives: Debra Messing as Nancy Grace on Law & Order: SVU?". TV Guide. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (February 23, 2011). "'Real Housewives' LuAnn de Lesseps: 'SVU' role is part of her 'second chance' at life". Zap2it. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (January 27, 2011). "Real Housewives' LuAnn de Lesseps to Stop By Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (February 7, 2011). "Keck's Exclusives: Which Charmed Witch is Headed to a SVU Sex Club?". TV Guide. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Keck, William (February 11, 2011). "Keck's Exclusives: V's Elizabeth Mitchell to Appear on Law & Order: SVU". TV Guide. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (March 2, 2011). "Law & Order Crossover Scoop: LOLA's Terrence Howard Drops By SVU!". TVLine.com. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Harnick, Chris (March 3, 2011). "EXCLUSIVE: 'Footloose' Star Lori Singer to Guest on 'Law & Order: SVU'". TVSquad. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ross, Robyn (September 28, 2010). "SVU's Neal Baer Says Premiere Was Inspired by Vertigo". TV Guide. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (September 23, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: 'The Middle,' 'Modern Family,' 'Cougar Town,' 'Undercovers' All See Small Gains". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 30, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Better With You, The Middle, Modern Family, Survivor, Law & Order: SVU, Law & Order: LA Adjusted Up; Cougar Town, Whole Truth Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 7, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: 'Survivor,' 'The Middle,' 'Modern Family,' 'SVU,' 'The Defenders' Up; 'Cougar Town,' 'The Whole Truth' Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 14, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Survivor, Middle, Modern Family, L&O:SVU, Top Model Adjusted Up; 20/20, Undercovers Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 21, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Survivor, Buster Posey (NLCS), Criminal Minds The Defenders, Law & Order: SVU Adjusted Up; The Whole Truth Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 4, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: Criminal Minds, Law & Order: SVU Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (November 11, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Criminal Minds', 'America's Next Top Model' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 18, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Modern Family', 'Criminal Minds' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Davis, Glenn (November 29, 2010). "The Inevitable Law & Order: SVU "Duke F–k List"-Inspired Episode Is On Its Way". Sports Grid. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (December 2, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: America's Next Top Model Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (January 6, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Cougar Town' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (January 13, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'The Middle' Adjusted Down; 'Off The Map' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (January 20, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'The Middle,' 'Better With You,' 'Cougar Town' Adjusted Down; 'Criminal Minds' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (February 3, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Off The Map' Adjusted Up; 'Live To Dance' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 10, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Blue Bloods,' 'Human Target' Adjusted Down, 'Modern Family,' 'Better with You' Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (February 17, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 24, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Mr. Sunshine,' 'Survivor,' 'Criminal Minds,' 'CM: Suspect Behavior' All Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (March 24, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Modern Family,' 'Survivor,' 'ANTM' Adjusted Up; 'Mr. Sunshine' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 31, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Survivor,' 'Criminal Minds,' 'Law & Order:SVU,' 'Minute' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 7, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Law & Order: SVU,' 'Survivor,' 'American Idol' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 5, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Survivor,' 'Modern Family,' 'Law & Order: SVU' Adjusted Up; 'Breaking In' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (May 12, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'The Middle' 'Better With You,' 'Modern Family,' 'Survivor' Adjusted Up; 'Breaking In,' 'Cougar Town' Adj. Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 19, 2011). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Modern Family,' 'Law & Order: SVU' Adjusted Up; 'Happy Endings' Adj. Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
External links[edit]
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 12 at TVGuide.com
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 12 at TV.com
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 12 – TV IV
Season 12 episodes at IMDb.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Characters
Detectives
Elliot Stabler
Olivia Benson
John Munch
Monique Jeffries
Fin Tutuola
Chester Lake
Nick Amaro
Amanda Rollins
Dominick Carisi Jr.
Commanding officers
Donald Cragen
Olivia Benson
Assistant District Attorneys
Alexandra Cabot
Casey Novak
Kim Greylek
Rafael Barba
Doctors
George Huang
Melinda Warner
Other characters
Barry Moredock
Brian Cassidy
Elizabeth Donnelly
Michael Cutter
Sonya Paxton
Jack McCoy
Seasons
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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Notable episodes
"Payback"
"911"
"Authority"
"Cold"
"Zebras"
"Behave"
"Smoked"
"Scorched Earth"
"Justice Denied"
"Father Dearest"
"Rhodium Nights"
"Lost Reputation"
"Above Suspicion"
"Acceptable Loss"
"Manhattan Vigil"
"Comic Perversion"
"Glasgowman's Wrath"
"Chicago Crossover"
See also
Cast members
Awards and nominations
Law & Order franchise
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit_(season_12)&oldid=793365395"
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Pyramus and Thisbe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses of both "Pyramus" and "Thisbe", see Pyramus (disambiguation) and Thisbe (disambiguation).
Thisbe, by John William Waterhouse, 1909.
Pyramus and Thisbē are a pair of ill-fated lovers whose story forms part of Ovid's Metamorphoses. The story has since been retold by many authors.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Origins
3 Adaptations
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Primary sources
6.2 Secondary sources
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Pyramus and Thisbe are two lovers in the city of Babylon who occupy connected houses/walls, forbidden by their parents to be wed, because of their parents' rivalry. Through a crack in one of the walls, they whisper their love for each other. They arrange to meet near Ninus' tomb under a mulberry tree and state their feelings for each other. Thisbe arrives first, but upon seeing a lioness with a mouth bloody from a recent kill, she flees, leaving behind her veil. When Pyramus arrives he is horrified at the sight of Thisbe's veil, assuming that a wild beast has killed her. Pyramus kills himself, falling on his sword in proper Babylonian fashion, and in turn splashing blood on the white mulberry leaves. Pyramus' blood stains the white mulberry fruits, turning them dark. Thisbe returns, eager to tell Pyramus what had happened to her, but she finds Pyramus' dead body under the shade of the mulberry tree. Thisbe, after a brief period of mourning, stabs herself with the same sword. In the end, the gods listen to Thisbe's lament, and forever change the colour of the mulberry fruits into the stained colour to honour the forbidden love.
Origins[edit]
Ovid's is the oldest surviving version of the story, published in 8 AD, but he adapted an existing etiological myth. While in Ovid's telling Pyramus and Thisbe lived in Babylon and Ctesias had placed the tomb of his imagined king Ninus near that city, the myth probably originated in Cilicia (part of Ninus' Babylonian empire) as Pyramos is the historical Greek name of the local Ceyhan River. The metamorphosis in the primary story involves Pyramus changing into this river and Thisbe into a nearby spring. A 2nd-century mosaic unearthed near Nea Paphos on Cyprus depicts this older version of the myth.[1]
Adaptations[edit]
Pyramus and Thisbe by Gregorio Pagani. Uffizi Gallery.
The story of Pyramus and Thisbe appears in Giovanni Boccaccio's On Famous Women as biography number twelve (sometimes thirteen)[2] and in his Decameron, in the fifth story on the seventh day, where a desperate housewife falls in love with her neighbor, and communicates with him through a crack in the wall, attracting his attention by dropping pieces of stone and straw through the crack.
In the 1380s, Geoffrey Chaucer, in his The Legend of Good Women, and John Gower, in his Confessio Amantis, were the first to tell the story in English. Gower altered the story somewhat into a cautionary tale. John Metham's Amoryus and Cleopes (1449) is another early English adaptation.
The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet ultimately sprang from Ovid's story. Here the star-crossed lovers cannot be together because Juliet has been engaged by her parents to another man and the two families hold an ancient grudge. As in Pyramus and Thisbe, the mistaken belief in one lover's death leads to consecutive suicides. The earliest version of Romeo and Juliet was published in 1476 by Masuccio Salernitano, while it mostly obtained its present form when written down in 1524 by Luigi da Porto. Salernitano and Da Porto both are thought to have been inspired by Ovid and Boccaccio's writing.[3] Shakespeare's most famous 1590s adaptation is a dramatization of Arthur Brooke's 1562 poem The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, itself a translation of a French translation of Da Porto's novella.
In Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (Act V, sc 1), written in the 1590s, a group of "mechanicals" enact the story of "Pyramus and Thisbe". Their production is crude and, for the most part, badly done until the final monologues of Nick Bottom, as Pyramus and Francis Flute, as Thisbe. The theme of forbidden love is also present in A Midsummer Night's Dream (albeit a less tragic and dark representation) in that a girl, Hermia, is not able to marry the man she loves, Lysander, because her father Egeus despises him and wishes for her to marry Demetrius, and meanwhile Hermia and Lysander are confident that Helena is in love with Demetrius.
Spanish poet Luis de Góngora wrote a Fábula de Píramo y Tisbe in 1618, while French poet Théophile de Viau wrote Les amours tragiques de Pyrame et Thisbée, a tragedy in five acts, in 1621.
In 1718 Giuseppe Antonio Brescianello wrote his only opera "La Tisbe" for Württemberg court. François Francoeur and François Rebel composed Pirame et Thisbée, a lyric tragedy in 5 acts and a prologue, with libretto by Jean-Louis-Ignace de La Serre; it was played at the Académie royale de musique, on October 17, 1726. The story was adapted by John Frederick Lampe as a "Mock Opera" in 1745, containing a singing "Wall" which was described as "the most musical partition that was ever heard."[4] In 1768 in Vienna, Johann Adolph Hasse composed a serious opera on the tale, titled Piramo e Tisbe.
Edmond Rostand adapted the tale from Romeo and Juliet, making the fathers of the lovers conspire to bring their children together by pretending to forbid their love, in Les Romanesques,[citation needed] whose musical adaptation, Fantasticks, became the world's longest-running musical.
See also[edit]
Star-crossed
Pyramus and Thisbe Club, a UK organisation concerned with party wall legislation
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Miller, John F.; Newlands, Carole E. (2014). A Handbook to the Reception of Ovid. John Wiley & Sons. p. 38-39. ISBN 1118876121.
Jump up ^ Virginia Brown's translation of Giovanni Boccaccio’s Famous Women, pp. 27-30; Harvard University Press 2001; ISBN 0-674-01130-9
Jump up ^ Prunster, Nicole (2000). Romeo and Juliet Before Shakespeare: Four Early Stories of Star-crossed Love. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. ISBN 0772720150.
Jump up ^ Recorded on Hyperion Records, CDA66759
References[edit]
Primary sources[edit]
Ovid, Metamorphoses iv.55-166
Secondary sources[edit]
Bulfinch, Thomas, The Age of Fable; Or, Stories of Gods and Heroes (2nd ed.), Sanborn, Carter, and Bazin, 1856
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pyramus and Thisbe.
Pyramus and Thisbe performed by The Beatles
Carlos Parada, Greek Mythology link: Pyramus and Thisbe
pXt A visual novel adaptation of the story from A Midsummer Night's Dream
[show]
v
t
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William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Characters
Romeo
Juliet
Mercutio
Tybalt
Benvolio
Friar Laurence
Nurse
Paris
Rosaline
Queen Mab
Atomy
Sources
The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet
Pyramus and Thisbe
Palace of Pleasure
Troilus and Criseyde
Ballets
Romeo and Juliet (1938, Prokofiev)
Romeo and Juliet (1962, Cranko)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, MacMillan)
Romeo and Juliet (1977, Nureyev)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, Lavery)
Radio and Juliet (2005)
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Wilcoxon signed-rank test
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population mean ranks differ (i.e. it is a paired difference test). It can be used as an alternative to the paired Student's t-test, t-test for matched pairs, or the t-test for dependent samples when the population cannot be assumed to be normally distributed.[1] A Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a nonparametric test that can be used to determine whether two dependent samples were selected from populations having the same distribution.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Assumptions
3 Test procedure
3.1 Original test
3.2 Example
4 Limitation
5 Effect size
6 Implementations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
The test is named for Frank Wilcoxon (1892–1965) who, in a single paper, proposed both it and the rank-sum test for two independent samples (Wilcoxon, 1945).[2] The test was popularized by Sidney Siegel (1956) in his influential textbook on non-parametric statistics.[3] Siegel used the symbol T for a value related to, but not the same as, W {\displaystyle W} . In consequence, the test is sometimes referred to as the Wilcoxon T test, and the test statistic is reported as a value of T
Assumptions[edit]
Data are paired and come from the same population.
Each pair is chosen randomly and independently[citation needed].
The data are measured on at least an interval scale when, as is usual, within-pair differences are calculated to perform the test (though it does suffice that within-pair comparisons are on an ordinal scale).
Test procedure[edit]
Let N {\displaystyle N} be the sample size, i.e., the number of pairs. Thus, there are a total of 2N data points. For pairs i = 1 , . . . , N {\displaystyle i=1,...,N} , let x 1 , i {\displaystyle x_{1,i}} and x 2 , i {\displaystyle x_{2,i}} denote the measurements.
H0: difference between the pairs follows a symmetric distribution around zero
H1: difference between the pairs does not follow a symmetric distribution around zero.
For i = 1 , . . . , N {\displaystyle i=1,...,N} , calculate | x 2 , i − x 1 , i | {\displaystyle |x_{2,i}-x_{1,i}|} and sgn  ( x 2 , i − x 1 , i ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn}(x_{2,i}-x_{1,i})} , where sgn {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} } is the sign function.
Exclude pairs with | x 2 , i − x 1 , i | = 0 {\displaystyle |x_{2,i}-x_{1,i}|=0} . Let N r {\displaystyle N_{r}} be the reduced sample size.
Order the remaining N r {\displaystyle N_{r}} pairs from smallest absolute difference to largest absolute difference, | x 2 , i − x 1 , i | {\displaystyle |x_{2,i}-x_{1,i}|} .
Rank the pairs, starting with the smallest as 1. Ties receive a rank equal to the average of the ranks they span. Let R i {\displaystyle R_{i}} denote the rank.
Calculate the test statistic W {\displaystyle W}
W = ∑ i = 1 N r [ sgn  ( x 2 , i − x 1 , i ) ⋅ R i ] {\displaystyle W=\sum _{i=1}^{N_{r}}[\operatorname {sgn}(x_{2,i}-x_{1,i})\cdot R_{i}]} , the sum of the signed ranks.
Under null hypothesis, W {\displaystyle W} follows a specific distribution with no simple expression. This distribution has an expected value of 0 and a variance of N r ( N r + 1 ) ( 2 N r + 1 ) 6 {\displaystyle {\frac {N_{r}(N_{r}+1)(2N_{r}+1)}{6}}} .
W {\displaystyle W} can be compared to a critical value from a reference table.[1]
The two-sided test consists in rejecting H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} if | W | > W c r i t i c a l , N r {\displaystyle |W|>W_{critical,N_{r}}} .
As N r {\displaystyle N_{r}} increases, the sampling distribution of W {\displaystyle W} converges to a normal distribution. Thus,
For N r ≥ 10 {\displaystyle N_{r}\geq 10} , a z-score can be calculated as z = W σ W , σ W = N r ( N r + 1 ) ( 2 N r + 1 ) 6 {\displaystyle z={\frac {W}{\sigma _{W}}},\sigma _{W}={\sqrt {\frac {N_{r}(N_{r}+1)(2N_{r}+1)}{6}}}} .
To perform a two-sided test, reject H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} if | z | > z c r i t i c a l {\displaystyle |z|>z_{critical}} .
Alternatively, one-sided tests can be performed with either the exact or the approximative distribution. p-values can also be calculated.
Original test[edit]
The original Wilcoxon's proposal used a different statistic. Denoted by Siegel as the T statistic, it is the smaller of the two sums of ranks of given sign; in the example given below, therefore, T would equal 3+4+5+6=18. Low values of T are required for significance. As will be obvious from the example below, T is easier to calculate by hand than W and the test is equivalent to the two-sided test described above; however, the distribution of the statistic under H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} has to be adjusted.
Example[edit]
i {\displaystyle i}
x 2 , i {\displaystyle x_{2,i}}
x 1 , i {\displaystyle x_{1,i}}
x 2 , i − x 1 , i {\displaystyle x_{2,i}-x_{1,i}}
sgn {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} }
abs {\displaystyle {\text{abs}}}
1 125 110 1 15
2 115 122 –1 7
3 130 125 1 5
4 140 120 1 20
5 140 140 0
6 115 124 –1 9
7 140 123 1 17
8 125 137 –1 12
9 140 135 1 5
10 135 145 –1 10
order by absolute difference
i {\displaystyle i}
x 2 , i {\displaystyle x_{2,i}}
x 1 , i {\displaystyle x_{1,i}}
x 2 , i − x 1 , i {\displaystyle x_{2,i}-x_{1,i}}
sgn {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} }
abs {\displaystyle {\text{abs}}}
R i {\displaystyle R_{i}}
sgn ⋅ R i {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} \cdot R_{i}}
5 140 140 0
3 130 125 1 5 1.5 1.5
9 140 135 1 5 1.5 1.5
2 115 122 –1 7 3 –3
6 115 124 –1 9 4 –4
10 135 145 –1 10 5 –5
8 125 137 –1 12 6 –6
1 125 110 1 15 7 7
7 140 123 1 17 8 8
4 140 120 1 20 9 9
sgn {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} } is the sign function, abs {\displaystyle {\text{abs}}} is the absolute value, and R i {\displaystyle R_{i}} is the rank. Notice that pairs 3 and 9 are tied in absolute value. They would be ranked 1 and 2, so each gets the average of those ranks, 1.5.
N r = 10 − 1 = 9 , | W | = | 1.5 + 1.5 − 3 − 4 − 5 − 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 | = 9. {\displaystyle N_{r}=10-1=9,|W|=|1.5+1.5-3-4-5-6+7+8+9|=9.}
| W | > W α = 0.05 , 9 , two-sided = 6 {\displaystyle |W|>W_{\alpha =0.05,\ 9{\text{, two-sided}}}=6}
∴ reject H 0 . {\displaystyle \therefore {\text{reject }}H_{0}.}
Limitation[edit]
As demonstrated in the example, when the difference between the groups is zero, the observations are discarded. This is of particular concern if the samples are taken from a discrete distribution. In these scenarios the modification to the Wilcoxon test by Pratt 1959, provides an alternative which incorporates the zero differences.[4][5] This modification is more robust for data on an ordinal scale.[5]
Effect size[edit]
To compute an effect size for the signed-rank test, one can use the rank correlation.
If the test statistic W is reported, the rank correlation r is equal to the test statistic W divided by the total rank sum S, or r = W/S. [6] Using the above example, the test statistic is W = 9. The sample size of 9 has a total rank sum of S = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9) = 45. Hence, the rank correlation is 9/45, so r = 0.20.
If the test statistic T is reported, an equivalent way to compute the rank correlation is with the difference in proportion between the two rank sums, which is the Kerby (2014) simple difference formula.[6] To continue with the current example, the sample size is 9, so the total rank sum is 45. T is the smaller of the two rank sums, so T is 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 18. From this information alone, the remaining rank sum can be computed, because it is the total sum S minus T, or in this case 45 - 18 = 27. Next, the two rank-sum proportions are 27/45 = 60% and 18/45 = 40%. Finally, the rank correlation is the difference between the two proportions (.60 minus .40), hence r = .20.
Implementations[edit]
ALGLIB includes implementation of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in C++, C#, Delphi, Visual Basic, etc.
The free statistical software R includes an implementation of the test as wilcox.test(x,y, paired=TRUE), where x and y are vectors of equal length.[7]
GNU Octave implements various one-tailed and two-tailed versions of the test in the wilcoxon_test function.
SciPy includes an implementation of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in Python
Accord.NET includes an implementation of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in C# for .NET applications
See also[edit]
Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test (the variant for two independent samples)
Sign test (Like Wilcoxon test, but without the assumption of symmetric distribution of the differences around the median, and without using the magnitude of the difference)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Lowry, Richard. "Concepts & Applications of Inferential Statistics". Retrieved 24 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Wilcoxon, Frank (Dec 1945). "Individual comparisons by ranking methods" (PDF). Biometrics Bulletin. 1 (6): 80–83.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Sidney (1956). Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 75–83.
Jump up ^ Pratt, J (1959). "Remarks on zeros and ties in the Wilcoxon signed rank procedures". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 54 (287): 655–667.
^ Jump up to: a b Derrick, B; White, P (2017). "Comparing Two Samples from an Individual Likert Question". International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 18 (3): 1–13.
^ Jump up to: a b Kerby, Dave S. (2014), "The simple difference formula: An approach to teaching nonparametric correlation.", Comprehensive Psychology, 3, doi:10.2466/11.IT.3.1
Jump up ^ Dalgaard, Peter (2008). Introductory Statistics with R. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-387-79053-4.
External links[edit]
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test in R
Example of using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
An online version of the test
A table of critical values for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Brief guide by experimental psychologist Karl L. Weunsch - Nonparametric effect size estimators (Copyright 2015 by Karl L. Weunsch)
Kerby, D. S. (2014). The simple difference formula: An approach to teaching nonparametric correlation. Comprehensive Psychology, volume 3, article 1. doi:10.2466/11.IT.3.1. link to article
[hide]
v
t
e
Statistics
Outline
Index
[show]
Descriptive statistics
Continuous data
Center
Mean
arithmetic
geometric
harmonic
Median
Mode
Dispersion
Variance
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
Percentile
Range
Interquartile range
Shape
Central limit theorem
Moments
Skewness
Kurtosis
L-moments
Count data
Index of dispersion
Summary tables
Grouped data
Frequency distribution
Contingency table
Dependence
Pearson product-moment correlation
Rank correlation
Spearman's rho
Kendall's tau
Partial correlation
Scatter plot
Graphics
Bar chart
Biplot
Box plot
Control chart
Correlogram
Fan chart
Forest plot
Histogram
Pie chart
Q–Q plot
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