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The Flintstones (film)
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The Flintstones
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan
Directed by
Brian Levant
Produced by
Bruce Cohen
Written by
Tom S. Parker
Jim Jennewein
Steven E. de Souza
Based on
The Flintstones
by William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
Starring
John Goodman
Rick Moranis
Elizabeth Perkins
Rosie O'Donnell
Kyle MacLachlan
Halle Berry
Elizabeth Taylor
Music by
David Newman
Cinematography
Dean Cundey
Edited by
Kent Beyda
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment
Hanna-Barbera Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
May 27, 1994 (1994-05-27)
Running time
91 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$46 million (equivalent to $77.78 million in 2018)[2]
Box office
$341.6 million (equivalent to $577.64 million in 2018)[2]
The Flintstones is a 1994 American buddy comedy film directed by Brian Levant and written by Tom S. Parker, Jim Jennewein, and Steven E. de Souza. It is a live-action motion picture adaptation of the 1960–1966 animated television series of the same name. The film stars John Goodman as Fred Flintstone, Rick Moranis as Barney Rubble, Elizabeth Perkins as Wilma Flintstone, and Rosie O'Donnell as Betty Rubble, along with Kyle MacLachlan as a villainous executive-vice president of Fred's company, Halle Berry as his seductive secretary and Elizabeth Taylor (in her final theatrical film appearance), as Pearl Slaghoople, Wilma's mother. The B-52's (as The BC-52's in the film) performed their version of the cartoon's theme song.
The film, shot in California, was theatrically released on May 27, 1994, and earned almost $342 million worldwide against a $46 million budget, making it a huge box office success, despite earning negative reviews from critics. Observers criticized the storyline and tone, which they deemed too adult and mature for family audiences, as well as the casting of O'Donnell as Betty and Taylor as Pearl, but praised its visual effects, costume design, art direction, and Goodman's performance as Fred.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development and writing
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Box office
4.3 Accolades
4.4 Marketing
5 Home media releases
6 Prequel
7 Video game
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In Bedrock, Slate International's new CEO Cliff Vandercave and his secretary Miss Stone discuss their plan to swindle the company of its vast fortune and flee. As part of the plan, they would need one of the employees to be the scapegoat. Meanwhile, Fred Flintstone loans his best friend and neighbor Barney Rubble money so that he and his wife Betty can adopt a child. The agency pairs them up with a child named Bamm-Bamm, who can only pronounce his own name. Although Bamm-Bamm is initially difficult to control due to being raised by mastodons, and thus has super strength, he eventually warms up to his new family. Barney vows to repay his friend Fred for his debt of gratitude. Despite his mother-in-law Pearl Slaghoople's objections, Fred's wife Wilma remains supportive of Fred's decision to help Barney. Fred promises he will prove himself to her one day.
As part of his scheme to find the fall-guy, Vandercave holds a company-wide aptitude test, where the worker with the highest score would become the new vice president of the company. Knowing how much Fred wants the promotion, Barney secretly switches his completed test with Fred's, since he knows that he has a better chance than Fred. Fred receives the promotion, but his first order as vice president is to dismiss Barney, since Barney's score, having been switched with Fred's, is the lowest score in the company. Fred is unwilling to fire his friend, but Vandercave threatens to fire both Barney and him if he refuses. Fred reluctantly accepts, but does his best to help Barney support his family, and even invites the Rubbles to live with the Flintstone family so that they can rent out their home for extra income. However, Fred's job and newfound wealth puts a strain on his relationships with Wilma and the Rubbles. Vandercave eventually tricks Fred into dismissing more workers, over the objections of his office Dictabird. Later, Barney confronts Fred after seeing worker riots on the news, and in the heat of the argument, reveals that he switched tests with Fred. The Rubbles move out, despite having nowhere to live. Wilma and Pebbles also move out to her mother's house, leaving Fred alone.
Fred goes to the quarry and realizes his mistake when he discovers Vandercave's plan. He finds out that Vandercave has manipulated events to make it look as if Fred stole the money, and that he has reported the stolen money to the police. A manhunt for Fred ensues, led by the police and the workers. Wilma and Betty see this on the news, and break into Slate and Co. to get the Dictabird, who serves as the only witness who can clear Fred's name. They are, however, unaware that Vandercave has been watching them from his office window. Meanwhile, Fred, while in disguise, attempts to enter a cave where the workers are seeking refuge. However, they see through his disguise and attempt to hang him. Barney is almost hanged as well after he admits his part. Fred and Barney reconcile, but before they are lynched, Wilma and Betty arrive with the Dictabird, who tells them the true story. The workers release Fred and Barney after realizing that Vandercave was the one who fired them.
Vandercave kidnaps Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm and demands the Dictabird in exchange for the children's safe return. Fred and Barney confront Vandercave at the quarry, where Vandercave has tied Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm to a large industrial mixing machine. Though they hand him the Dictabird, Vandercave still activates the mixer to stall them while he makes a getaway. Barney rescues the children while Fred attempts to destroy the mixer. The Dictabird escapes from Vandercave and lures him back to the quarry, where Miss Stone knocks him out, having had a change of heart after learning that Vandercave was planning to betray her. The police, Wilma, Betty, and Mr. Slate arrive at the quarry while Vandercave attempts to flee, but he becomes trapped by a thick liquid substance oozing out from the mixer.
With the Dictabird as witness and providing evidence against Vandercave, all charges against Fred are dropped. Though Miss Stone is arrested as Vandercave's accomplice, Fred is confident she will be granted leniency for helping them stop Vandercave. Impressed with the qualities of the liquid substance that Fred inadvertently created when he destroyed the mixing machine, Mr. Slate dubs the substance "concrete" in honor of his daughter Concretia and makes plans to produce it with Fred as the president of its division. With the discovery of concrete, the Stone Age comes to an end. Having realized how his life would change for the worse with his new found wealth and status as the new president, Fred declines the promotion and asks that the workers be rehired and given the job benefits that he was initially to have received. As the Flintstones and Rubbles have finally made amends, Fred and Barney get into a humorous quarrel when Fred once again asks Barney for a small amount of money for breakfast.
Cast[edit]
John Goodman as Fred Flintstone
Rick Moranis as Barney Rubble
Elizabeth Perkins as Wilma Flintstone
Rosie O'Donnell as Betty Rubble
Kyle MacLachlan as Cliff Vandercave
Halle Berry as Miss Stone
Elizabeth Taylor as Pearl Slaghoople
Mel Blanc as Dino (archive audio) - Blanc previously supplied the voice of Barney and Dino in the original cartoon series.
Elaine & Melanie Silver as Pebbles Flintstone
Hlynur & Marinó Sigurðsson as Bamm-Bamm Rubble - Elizabeth Daily provides Bamm-Bamm's voice, though uncredited
Dann Florek as Mr. Slate
Richard Moll as Hoagie
Irwin Keyes as Joe Rockhead
Jim Doughan as Maitre d'
Harvey Korman as the Dictabird (voice) - Korman previously voiced the Great Gazoo in the original cartoon series.
Jonathan Winters as Grizzled Man, a co-worker of Fred and Barney's
Jack O'Halloran as Yeti
The B-52's as The BC-52's
Jean Vander Pyl as Mrs. Feldspar - Vander Pyl previously voiced Wilma and Pebbles in the original cartoon series.
Laraine Newman as Susan Rock
Jay Leno as a talk show host
William Hanna as a boardroom executive
Joseph Barbera as a man driving a Mersandes
Sam Raimi as Cliff Vandercave look-alike
Production[edit]
Development and writing[edit]
In 1985, producers Keith Barish and Joel Silver bought the rights for a live-action feature film version of The Flintstones and commissioned Steven E. de Souza to write a script with Richard Donner hired to direct. De Souza's script was eventually rejected and Mitch Markowitz was hired to write a script. Said to be a cross of The Grapes of Wrath, Markowitz commented that "I don't even remember it that well, but Fred and Barney leave their town during a terrible depression and go across the country, or whatever that damn prehistoric thing is, looking for jobs. They wind up in trailer parks trying to keep their families together. They exhibit moments of heroism and poignancy". Markowitz's version was apparently too sentimental for director Donner, who disliked it.[3] Eventually, the rights were bought by Amblin Entertainment and Steven Spielberg who, after working with Goodman on Always, was determined to cast him in the lead as Fred. Brian Levant was hired as director, knowing he was the right person because of his love for the original series. They knew he was an avid fan of the series because of his Flintstones items collection and the knowledge he had from the series.
When Levant was hired, all previous scripts were thrown out. Levant then recruited what he called an "all-star writing team" which consisted of his writer friends from television shows such as Family Ties, Night Court, and Happy Days. "This is a sitcom on steroids", said Levant. "We were just trying to improve it." Dubbed the Flintstone Eight, the group wrote a new draft but four more round table sessions ensued, each of which was attended by new talent. Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel took home a reported $100,000 for just two days work.[4] Rick Moranis was also present at Levant's roundtables, and later described the film as "one of those scripts that had about 18 writers".[5] The effects for Dino, Dictabird, and the other prehistoric creatures were provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.
Casting[edit]
Actors John Candy, Jim Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Bill Murray, and Chevy Chase were all considered for the role of Fred Flintstone, but John Candy had died before production began,[6][7] the last four actors were all deemed too skinny and a fat suit was deemed too inappropriate to be used. If Goodman had turned the role down, the film would not have been made.[6] Geena Davis, Faith Ford, and Catherine O'Hara were all considered for the role of Wilma. Elizabeth Perkins won the role.[8] Danny DeVito was the original first choice for Barney, but he turned down the role as he felt he was too gruff to do the character properly and reportedly suggested Rick Moranis for the role.[6] DeVito was also considered for Fred Flintstone.[9] Although Janine Turner was considered, Rosie O'Donnell won the role of Betty Rubble with her impersonation of the cartoon character's signature giggle.[6] Both Tracey Ullman and Daphne Zuniga were also considered for the role.[8] Sharon Stone was to play Miss Stone, but turned it down because of scheduling conflicts.[6][10] The role was also offered to Nicole Kidman.[6] Anna Nicole Smith was also considered.[6] Both Audrey Meadows and Elizabeth Montgomery were considered for the role of Pearl Slaghoople.[8]
Filming[edit]
Parts of the film were shot at Glen Canyon in Utah as well as Los Angeles County, California.[11]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 22% "Rotten" rating based on 44 reviews with an average rating of 3.7/10.[12] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 38 out of 100, which indicates "generally unfavorable reviews", based on 15 reviews.[13] On the syndicated television program Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times and his colleague Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two marginal thumbs down. They both mentioned that its main story lines (embezzlement, mother-in-law problems, office politics and extra-marital affairs) were storylines for adult films, and ones that children would not be able to understand. However, many critics praised the film's look, faithfulness to the cartoon, Rosanna Norton's costume designs and Goodman's performance.[14][15][16][17] A few reviews were positive, including Time magazine which said "The Flintstones is fun", and Joel Siegel from ABC's Good Morning America and WABC-TV who called the film "pre-historical, hysterical... great fun". In a 1997 interview, Joseph Barbera, co-creator of The Flintstones and co-founder of Hanna-Barbera Productions, stated that, although he was impressed by the film's visuals, he felt the story "wasn't as good as I could have made it."[18]
Box office[edit]
Despite the negative reviews, The Flintstones was a box office success, grossing $130,531,208 domestically, including the $37,182,745 it made during its 4-day Memorial Day opening weekend in 1994. It performed even better internationally, making another $211,100,000 overseas, for a total of $341,631,208 worldwide, against a $46 million budget.[2][19]
Accolades[edit]
O'Donnell won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress for her performance in this film. The film also won Worst Screenplay and was nominated for two others: Taylor as Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress (the second performance in the film nominated for this award) and for the film as Worst Remake or Sequel. However, the film also received four Saturn Award nominations, including Best Fantasy Film, Best Costume Design and Best Supporting Actress for O'Donnell's and Berry's performances.
Marketing[edit]
McDonald's marketed a number of Flintstones promotions for the film, including the return of the McRib sandwich and the "Grand Poobah Meal" combo with it, a line of premium glass mugs, and toys based on characters and locations from the film. In the commercials and released items for the Flintstones promotion, McDonald's was renamed "RocDonald's" with stone age imagery, similarly to other businesses and proper names in the Flintstones franchise. The Flintstones: The Movie, a video game based on the film, was developed by Ocean software and released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy and Mega Drive/Genesis (Sega Channel exclusive) in 1995. In the United Kingdom, Tetley promoted adverts with audio from the film, including mugs starring characters from the film. Jurassic Park, the name of another movie was also seen briefly as a park in the film.
Home media releases[edit]
The film was released, first on VHS and LaserDisc on November 8, 1994 by MCA/Universal Home Video. It later made its debut on DVD on September 24, 1999 and finally to Blu-ray on August 19, 2014.[20]
Prequel[edit]
Main article: The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas
A prequel, The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, was released in 2000. The original main cast did not reprise their roles of the characters, though O'Donnell provided the voice of an octopus who gave massages to younger versions of Wilma and Betty. Irwin Keyes returned as Joe Rockhead, the only cast member to reprise his role from the first film. Unlike its predecessor, it disappointed at the box office.
Video game[edit]
Main article: The Flintstones (Ocean Software)
A video game based on the film was released for the Game Boy, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Channel in both 1994 and 1995 respectively, developed by Ocean Software (SNES), Twilight (GB), Hi-Tech (SC) and published by Ocean Software. In the game, the player takes control of Fred Flintstones and has to rescue Wilma, Barney, Pebbles and Bam-Bam from Cliff Vandercave.[21][22]
A Sega Genesis version developed by Foley Hi-Tech and published by Ocean Software was also planned, but was later canceled and was released on the Sega Channel instead[23]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1994
Theatrically released films based on Hanna-Barbera cartoons
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE FLINTSTONES (U)". British Board of Film Classification. May 31, 1994. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fox, David J. (May 31, 1994). "'Flintstones' Leaves the Rest in Its Dust Movies: The live-action film takes in $37.5 million over the weekend. Ticket-price inflation notwithstanding, it establishes a record for a Memorial Day opening, based on preliminary estimates". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Ryan (January 17, 1993). "A look inside Hollywood and the movies : 'YABBA DABBA WHO?' : Hey! Raquel Welch Was Good in 'One Million Years B.C.'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gordinier, Jeff; Ascher-Walsh, Rebecca (June 3, 1994). "Bringing "The Flintstones" to the Big Screen". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Chris Hardwick (June 12, 2013). "Nerdist Podcast: Rick Moranis". Nerdist Podcast (Podcast). Nerdist Industries. Event occurs at 1:13:36. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hayes, Britt (November 16, 2013). "See the Cast of 'The Flintstones' Then and Now". Screen Crush. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Evans, Bradford (June 2, 2011). "The Lost Roles of John Candy". Splitsider. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mell, Eila (2005). Casting Might-Have-Beens: A Film by Film Directory of Actors Considered for Roles Given to Others. McFarland. ISBN 9780786420179.
Jump up ^ Evans, Bradford (September 15, 2011). "The Lost Roles of Danny DeVito". Splitsider. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Klossner, Michael (2006). Prehistoric Humans in Film and Television: 581 Dramas, Comedies and Documentaries, 1905-2004. McFarland. ISBN 9781476609140.
Jump up ^ D'Arc, James V. (2010). When Hollywood came to town: a history of moviemaking in Utah (1st ed.). Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. ISBN 9781423605874.
Jump up ^ "The Flintstones (1994)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Flintstones reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kenneth (May 27, 1994). "Movie review: 'The Flintstones' succeeds at being cartoonish. But do three dozen writers make for a good script? Don't take it for granite". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ James, Caryn (May 27, 1994). "Review/Film: The Flintstones; Lovable And Loud, With Wits Of Stone". The New York Times. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, Todd (May 17, 1994). "The Flintstones". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Wilmington, Michael (May 27, 1994). "Yabba-dabba Dud". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard (February 26, 1997). "'Joseph Barbera Interview'". Archive of American Television. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Natale, Richard (June 13, 1994). "Speed Drives to a Fast Start : Movies: The thriller passes 'The Flintstones,' while 'City Slickers II' gallops to third at the box office". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Levant, Brian (August 19, 2014), The Flintstones, Universal Studios Home Entertainment, retrieved October 14, 2016
Jump up ^ http://total.bee-ware.ch/tests/snes/snes_Flinstones.jpg
Jump up ^ http://download.abandonware.org/magazines/Consoles%20Plus/consoleplus_numero042/Consoles%20+%20042%20-%20Page%20156%20(1995-04).jpg
Jump up ^ "The Flintstones (Ocean)". Retrieved 29 May 2018. [unreliable source?]
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Flintstones (film)
The Flintstones on IMDb
The Flintstones at the TCM Movie Database
The Flintstones at Box Office Mojo
The Flintstones at Rotten Tomatoes
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The Flintstones
Characters
The Flintstones
Fred Flintstone
Wilma Flintstone
Pebbles Flintstone
Dino
The Rubbles
Barney Rubble
Betty Rubble
Bamm-Bamm Rubble
Other characters
Pearl Slaghoople
Captain Caveman
The Frankenstones
The Great Gazoo
The Gruesomes
The Shmoo
Locations
Bedrock
Television
series
The Flintstones (1960–1966)
The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (1971–1972)
The Flintstone Comedy Hour / The Flintstone Comedy Show (1972–1974)
Fred Flintstone and Friends (1977–1978)
The New Fred and Barney Show (1979)
Fred and Barney Meet The Thing (1979)
Fred and Barney Meet the Shmoo (1979–1980)
The Flintstone Comedy Show (1980–1982)
The Flintstone Funnies (1982–1984)
The Flintstone Kids (1986–1988)
Dino: Stay Out! (1995, part of The What a Cartoon! Show)
Cave Kids (1996)
Dino: The Great Egg-Scape (1997, part of The What a Cartoon! Show)
Yabba-Dabba Dinosaurs! (2019)
Television
specials and films
Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? (1966)
The Flintstones on Ice (1973)
Energy: A National Issue (1977)
A Flintstone Christmas (1977)
Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue (1978)
The Flintstones: Little Big League (1978)
The Flintstones Meet Rockula and Frankenstone (1980)
The Flintstone Primetime Specials
The Flintstones' New Neighbors (1980)
Fred's Final Fling (1980)
Wind-Up Wilma (1981)
Jogging Fever (1981)
Yogi's First Christmas (1980)
Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper (1982)
The Flintstones' 25th Anniversary Celebration (1986)
The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones (1987)
The Flintstone Kids' "Just Say No" Special (1988)
Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration (1989)
I Yabba-Dabba Do! (1993)
Hollyrock-a-Bye Baby (1993)
A Flintstone Family Christmas (1993)
A Flintstones Christmas Carol (1994)
The Flintstones: On the Rocks (2001)
Theatrical films
Animated
The Man Called Flintstone (1966)
Live-action
The Flintstones (1994)
The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000)
Direct-to-video films
The Flintstones & WWE: Stone Age SmackDown! (2015)
Video games
The Flintstones (1988)
The Flintstones: The Rescue of Dino & Hoppy (1991)
The Flintstones (1993)
The Flintstones: Surprise at Dinosaur Peak (1993)
The Flintstones: The Treasure of Sierra Madrock (1994)
The Flintstones (1994/1995)
The Flintstones: Bedrock Bowling (2000)
Comics
The Flintstones (2016)
Other media
Meet the Flintstones
Pinball
Pebbles cereal
Flintstones Chewable Vitamins
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (1990)
See also
The Jetsons
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Problem Child 2 (1991)
Beethoven (1992)
The Flintstones (1994)
Jingle All the Way (1996)
The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000)
Snow Dogs (2002)
Are We There Yet? (2005)
Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins (2009)
The Spy Next Door (2010)
Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster (2010)
A Christmas Story 2 (2012)
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1980–2000
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Mommie Dearest – Frank Yablans, Frank Perry, Tracy Hotchner and Robert Getchell (1981)
Inchon – Robin Moore and Laird Koenig (1982)
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Bolero – John Derek (1984)
Rambo: First Blood Part II – Sylvester Stallone, James Cameron and Kevin Jarre (1985)
Howard the Duck – Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz (1986)
Leonard Part 6 – Jonathan Reynolds and Bill Cosby (1987)
Cocktail – Heywood Gould (1988)
Harlem Nights – Eddie Murphy (1989)
The Adventures of Ford Fairlane – Daniel Waters, James Cappe & David Arnott (1990)
Hudson Hawk – Steven E. de Souza, Daniel Waters, Bruce Willis and Robert Kraft (1991)
Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot – Blake Snyder, William Osborne and William Davies – (1992)
Indecent Proposal – Amy Holden Jones (1993)
The Flintstones – Jim Jennewein, Steven E. de Souza, Tom S. Parker and various others (1994)
Showgirls – Joe Eszterhas (1995)
Striptease – Andrew Bergman (1996)
The Postman – Eric Roth and Brian Helgeland (1997)
An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn – Joe Eszterhas (1998)
Wild Wild West – Jim Thomas, John Thomas, S. S. Wilson, Brent Maddock, Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman (1999)
Battlefield Earth – Corey Mandell and J. David Shapiro (2000)
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Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones – George Lucas and Jonathan Hales (2002)
Gigli – Martin Brest (2003)
Catwoman – Theresa Rebeck, John Brancato, Michael Ferris and John Rogers (2004)
Dirty Love – Jenny McCarthy (2005)
Basic Instinct 2 – Leora Barish and Henry Bean (2006)
I Know Who Killed Me – Jeffrey Hammond (2007)
The Love Guru – Mike Myers & Graham Gordy (2008)
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – Ehren Kruger, Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci (2009)
The Last Airbender – M. Night Shyamalan (2010)
Jack and Jill – Steve Koren and Adam Sandler, story by Ben Zook (2011)
That's My Boy - David Caspe (2012)
Movie 43 - Steve Baker, Ricky Blitt, Will Carlough, Tobias Carlson, Jacob Fleisher, Patrik Forsberg, Will Graham, James Gunn, Claes Kjellstrom, Jack Kukoda, Bob Odenkirk, Bill O'Malley, Matthew Alec Portenoy, Greg Pritikin, Rocky Russo, Olle Sarri, Elizabeth Wright Shapiro, Jeremy Sosenko, Jonathan van Tulleken and Jonas Wittenmark (2013)
Saving Christmas - Darren Doane and Cheston Hervey (2014)
Fifty Shades of Grey - Kelly Marcel (2015)
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice - Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer (2016)
The Emoji Movie - Tony Leondis, Eric Siegel and Mike White (2017)
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Theatrical feature films produced by or based upon works by Hanna-Barbera
Hey There, It's Yogi Bear! (1964)
The Man Called Flintstone (1966)
Charlotte's Web (1973)
C.H.O.M.P.S. (1979)
Heidi's Song (1982)
GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords (1986)
Rock Odyssey (1987)
Jetsons: The Movie (1990)
Tom and Jerry: The Movie (1992)
Once Upon a Forest (1993)
The Flintstones (1994)
The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000)
Scooby-Doo (2002)
Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004)
Yogi Bear (2010)
Top Cat: The Movie (2011)
Top Cat Begins (2015)
Scooby (2020)
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VIAF: 219200620
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Braveheart
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Braveheart (disambiguation).
Braveheart
North American theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mel Gibson
Produced by
Mel Gibson
Alan Ladd, Jr.
Bruce Davey
Written by
Randall Wallace
Starring
Mel Gibson
Sophie Marceau
Patrick McGoohan
Catherine McCormack
Music by
James Horner
Cinematography
John Toll
Edited by
Steven Rosenblum
Production
company
Icon Productions
The Ladd Company
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
(North America)
20th Century Fox (International)
Release date
May 18, 1995 (1995-05-18) (Seattle)
May 24, 1995 (1995-05-24) (United States)
Running time
178 minutes
Country
United States[1]
Language
English
Budget
$65–70 million[2][3]
Box office
$210.4 million[2]
Braveheart is a 1995 American epic war film directed by Mel Gibson, who stars as William Wallace, a late 13th-century Scottish warrior who led the Scots in the First War of Scottish Independence against King Edward I of England. The story is inspired by Blind Harry's epic poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace and was adapted for the screen by Randall Wallace.
It grossed $210.4 million worldwide. Braveheart was nominated for ten Academy Awards at the 68th Academy Awards and won five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Makeup, and Best Sound Editing.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
5 Release and reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical reception
5.3 Effect on tourism
5.4 Awards and honors
5.5 Cultural effects
5.6 Wallace Monument
6 Historical inaccuracy
6.1 Jus primae noctis
6.2 Occupation and independence
6.3 Portrayal of William Wallace
6.4 Portrayal of Isabella of France
6.5 Portrayal of Robert the Bruce
6.6 Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward
6.7 Wallace's military campaign
7 Accusations of Anglophobia
8 Sequel
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1280, King Edward "Longshanks" invades and conquers Scotland following the death of Alexander III of Scotland, who left no heir to the throne. Young William Wallace witnesses Longshanks' treachery, survives the deaths of his father and brother, and is taken abroad on a pilgrimage throughout Europe by his paternal Uncle Argyle, where he is educated. Years later, Longshanks grants his noblemen land and privileges in Scotland, including Prima Nocte. Meanwhile, a grown Wallace returns to Scotland and falls in love with his childhood friend Murron MacClannough, and the two marry in secret. Wallace rescues Murron from being raped by English soldiers, but as she fights off their second attempt, Murron is captured and publicly executed. In retribution, Wallace leads his clan to slaughter the English garrison in his hometown and send the occupying garrison at Lanark back to England.
Longshanks orders his son Prince Edward to stop Wallace by any means necessary. Wallace rebels against the English, and as his legend spreads, hundreds of Scots from the surrounding clans join him. Wallace leads his army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge and then destroys the city of York, killing Longshanks' nephew and sending his severed head to the king. Wallace seeks the assistance of Robert the Bruce, the son of nobleman Robert the Elder and a contender for the Scottish crown. Robert is dominated by his father, who wishes to secure the throne for his son by submitting to the English. Worried by the threat of the rebellion, Longshanks sends his son's wife Isabella of France to try to negotiate with Wallace as a distraction for the landing of another invasion force in Scotland.
After meeting him in person, Isabella becomes enamored of Wallace. Warned of the coming invasion by Isabella, Wallace implores the Scottish nobility to take immediate action to counter the threat and take back the country. Leading the English army himself, Longshanks confronts the Scots at Falkirk where noblemen Lochlan and Mornay, having been bribed by Longshanks, betray Wallace, causing the Scots to lose the battle. As Wallace charges toward the departing Longshanks on horseback, he is intercepted by one of the king's lancers, who turns out to be Robert the Bruce, but filled with remorse, Bruce gets Wallace to safety before the English can capture him. Wallace kills Lochlan and Mornay for their betrayal, and wages a guerrilla war against the English for the next seven years, assisted by Isabella, with whom he eventually has an affair. Robert sets up a meeting with Wallace in Edinburgh, but Robert's father has conspired with other nobles to capture and hand over Wallace to the English. Learning of his treachery, Robert disowns his father. Isabella exacts revenge on the now terminally ill Longshanks by telling him that his bloodline will be destroyed upon his death as she is now pregnant with Wallace's child.
In London, Wallace is brought before an English magistrate, tried for high treason, and condemned to public torture and beheading. Even whilst being hanged, drawn and quartered, Wallace refuses to submit to the king. As cries for mercy come from the watching crowd deeply moved by the Scotsman's valor, the magistrate offers him one final chance, asking him only to utter the word, "Mercy", and be granted a quick death. Wallace instead shouts, "Freedom!", and the judge orders his death. Moments before being decapitated, Wallace sees a vision of Murron in the crowd, smiling at him.
In 1314, Robert, now Scotland's king, leads a Scottish army before a ceremonial line of English troops on the fields of Bannockburn, where he is to formally accept English rule. As he begins to ride toward the English, he stops and invokes Wallace's memory, imploring his men to fight with him as they did with Wallace. Robert then leads his army into battle against the stunned English, winning the Scots their freedom.
Cast[edit]
Mel Gibson as William Wallace
James Robinson as young William Wallace
Sophie Marceau as Princess Isabella of France
Angus Macfadyen as Robert the Bruce
Patrick McGoohan as King Edward "Longshanks"
Catherine McCormack as Murron MacClannough-Wallace
Mhairi Calvey as young Murron
Brendan Gleeson as Hamish
Andrew Weir as young Hamish
Peter Hanly as Prince Edward
James Cosmo as Campbell
David O'Hara as Stephen of Ireland
Ian Bannen as Bruce's father
Seán McGinley as MacClannough
Brian Cox as Argyle Wallace
Sean Lawlor as Malcolm Wallace
Sandy Nelson as John Wallace
Stephen Billington as Phillip
John Kavanagh as Craig
Alun Armstrong as Mornay
John Murtagh as Lochlan
Tommy Flanagan as Morrison
Donal Gibson as Stewart
Jeanne Marine as Nicolette
Michael Byrne as Smythe
Malcolm Tierney as Magistrate
Bernard Horsfall as Balliol
Peter Mullan as Veteran
Gerard McSorley as Cheltham (inspired by Hugh de Cressingham)
Richard Leaf as Governor of York
Mark Lees as Old Crippled Scotsman
Tam White as MacGregor
Jimmy Chisholm as Faudron
David Gant as the Royal Magistrate
Production[edit]
Gibson (right) on set with 20th Century Fox executive Scott Neeson
Gibson's production company, Icon Productions, had difficulty raising enough money even if he were to star in the film. Warner Bros. was willing to fund the project on the condition that Gibson sign for another Lethal Weapon sequel, which he refused. Paramount Pictures only agreed to American and Canadian distribution of Braveheart after 20th Century Fox partnered for international rights.[4] The production budget has been estimated by IMDb at US$72 million.
While the crew spent six weeks shooting on location in Scotland, the major battle scenes were shot in Ireland using members of the Irish Army Reserve as extras. To lower costs, Gibson had the same extras, up to 1,600 in some scenes, portray both armies. The reservists had been given permission to grow beards and swapped their military uniforms for medieval garb.[5]
Braveheart was shot in the anamorphic format with Panavision C- and E-Series lenses.[6]
Gibson toned down the film's battle scenes to avoid an NC-17 rating from the MPAA; the final version was rated R for "brutal medieval warfare".[7]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Braveheart (soundtrack)
The score was composed and conducted by James Horner and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. It is Horner's second of three collaborations with Mel Gibson as director. The score has gone on to be one of the most commercially successful soundtracks of all time. It received considerable acclaim from film critics and audiences and was nominated for a number of awards, including the Academy Award, Saturn Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe Award.
Release and reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
On its opening weekend, Braveheart grossed $9,938,276 in the United States and $75.6 million in its box office run in the U.S. and Canada.[2] Worldwide, the film grossed $210,409,945 and was the thirteenth highest-grossing film of 1995.[2]
Critical reception[edit]
Braveheart met with generally positive reviews. In his review, Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of four, writing, "An action epic with the spirit of the Hollywood swordplay classics and the grungy ferocity of The Road Warrior."
The film's depiction of the Battle of Stirling Bridge was listed by CNN as one of the best battles in cinema history.[8]
In a 2005 poll by British film magazine Empire, Braveheart was No. 1 on their list of "The Top 10 Worst Pictures to Win Best Picture Oscar".[9] Ironically, Empire Magazine's readers also voted Braveheart the best film of 1995.[10]
Effect on tourism[edit]
The European premiere was on September 3, 1995 in Stirling.[11]
In 1996, the year after the film was released, the annual three-day "Braveheart Conference" at Stirling Castle attracted fans of Braveheart, increasing the conference's attendance to 167,000 from 66,000 in the previous year.[12] In the following year, research on visitors to the Stirling area indicated that 55% of the visitors had seen Braveheart. Of visitors from outside Scotland, 15% of those who saw Braveheart said it influenced their decision to visit the country. Of all visitors who saw Braveheart, 39% said the film influenced in part their decision to visit Stirling, and 19% said the film was one of the main reasons for their visit.[13] In the same year, a tourism report said that the "Braveheart effect" earned Scotland ₤7 million to ₤15 million in tourist revenue, and the report led to various national organizations encouraging international film productions to take place in Scotland.[14]
The film generated huge interest in Scotland and in Scottish history, not only around the world, but also in Scotland itself. Fans came from all over the world to see the places in Scotland where William Wallace fought, also to the places in Scotland and Ireland used as locations in the film. At a Braveheart Convention in 1997, held in Stirling the day after the Scottish Devolution vote and attended by 200 delegates from around the world, Braveheart author Randall Wallace, Seoras Wallace of the Wallace Clan, Scottish historian David Ross and Bláithín FitzGerald from Ireland gave lectures on various aspects of the film. Several of the actors also attended including James Robinson (Young William), Andrew Weir (Young Hamish), Julie Austin (the young bride) and Mhairi Calvey (Young Murron).
Awards and honors[edit]
Braveheart was nominated for many awards during the 1995 Oscar season, though it was not viewed by many as a major contender such as Apollo 13, Il Postino: The Postman, Leaving Las Vegas, Sense and Sensibility, and The Usual Suspects. It wasn't until after the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director at the 53rd Golden Globe Awards that it was viewed as a serious Oscar contender. When the nominations were announced for the 68th Academy Awards, Braveheart received ten Academy Award nominations, and a month later, won five.[15] In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years[16]
Year
Ceremony
Category
Recipients
Result
1995 68th Academy Awards Best Picture Mel Gibson, Alan Ladd Jr., and Bruce Davey Won
Best Director Mel Gibson Won
Best Original Screenplay Randall Wallace Nominated
Best Cinematography John Toll Won
Best Costume Design Charles Knode Nominated
Best Sound Mixing Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna Behlmer, and Brian Simmons Nominated
Best Sound Editing Lon Bender and Per Hallberg Won
Best Film Editing Steven Rosenblum Nominated
Best Makeup Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison, and Lois Burwell Won
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
53rd Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture – Drama Braveheart Nominated
Best Director Mel Gibson Won
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Best Screenplay Randall Wallace Nominated
49th British Academy Film Awards Best Direction Mel Gibson Nominated
Best Film Music James Horner Nominated
Best Production Design Thomas E. Sanders Nominated
Best Cinematography John Toll Won
Best Costume Design Charles Knode Won
Best Makeup Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison, and Lois Burwell Nominated
Best Sound Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna Behlmer, and Brian Simmons Won
1996 MTV Movie Awards Best Movie Braveheart Nominated
Best Male Performance Mel Gibson Nominated
Most Desirable Male Nominated
Best Action Sequence Battle of Stirling Nominated
American Film Institute lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated[17]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – No. 91
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
William Wallace – Nominated Hero[18]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"They may take away our lives, but they'll never take our freedom!" – Nominated[19]
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[20]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – No. 62
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[21]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Epic Film[22]
Cultural effects[edit]
Lin Anderson, author of Braveheart: From Hollywood To Holyrood, credits the film with playing a significant role in affecting the Scottish political landscape in the mid to late 1990s.[23]
Wallace Monument[edit]
Tom Church's Freedom statue.
In 1997, a 12-ton sandstone statue depicting Mel Gibson as William Wallace in Braveheart was placed in the car park of the Wallace Monument near Stirling, Scotland. The statue, which was the work of Tom Church, a monumental mason from Brechin,[24] included the word "Braveheart" on Wallace's shield. The installation became the cause of much controversy; one local resident stated that it was wrong to "desecrate the main memorial to Wallace with a lump of crap".[25] In 1998, someone wielding a hammer vandalized the statue's face. After repairs were made, the statue was encased in a cage every night to prevent further vandalism. This only incited more calls for the statue to be removed, as it then appeared that the Gibson/Wallace figure was imprisoned. The statue was described as "among the most loathed pieces of public art in Scotland".[26] In 2008, the statue was returned to its sculptor to make room for a new visitor centre being built at the foot of the Wallace Monument.[27]
Historical inaccuracy[edit]
Randall Wallace, who wrote the screenplay, has acknowledged Blind Harry's 15th-century epic poem The Acts and Deeds of Sir William Wallace, Knight of Elderslie as a major inspiration for the film.[28] In defending his script, Randall Wallace has said, "Is Blind Harry true? I don't know. I know that it spoke to my heart and that's what matters to me, that it spoke to my heart."[28] Blind Harry's poem is not regarded as historically accurate, and although some incidents in the film that are not historically accurate are taken from Blind Harry (e.g. the hanging of Scottish nobles at the start),[29] there are large parts that are based neither on history nor Blind Harry (e.g. Wallace's affair with Princess Isabella).
Elizabeth Ewan describes Braveheart as a film that "almost totally sacrifices historical accuracy for epic adventure".[30] The "brave heart" refers in Scottish history to that of Robert the Bruce, and an attribution by William Edmondstoune Aytoun, in his poem Heart of Bruce, to Sir James the Good Douglas: "Pass thee first, thou dauntless heart, As thou wert wont of yore!", prior to Douglas' demise at the Battle of Teba in Andalusia.[31] It has been described as one of the most historically inaccurate modern films.[32]
Sharon Krossa noted that the film contains numerous historical errors, beginning with the wearing of belted plaid by Wallace and his men. In that period "no Scots ... wore belted plaids (let alone kilts of any kind)." Moreover, when Highlanders finally did begin wearing the belted plaid, it was not "in the rather bizarre style depicted in the film". She compares the inaccuracy to "a film about Colonial America showing the colonial men wearing 20th century business suits, but with the jackets worn back-to-front instead of the right way around."[33] In a previous essay about the film, she wrote, "The events aren't accurate, the dates aren't accurate, the characters aren't accurate, the names aren't accurate, the clothes aren't accurate—in short, just about nothing is accurate."[34] The belted plaid (feileadh mór léine) was not introduced until the 16th century.[35] Peter Traquair has referred to Wallace's "farcical representation as a wild and hairy highlander painted with woad (1,000 years too late) running amok in a tartan kilt (500 years too early)." [36]
Irish historian Seán Duffy remarked "the battle of Stirling Bridge could have done with a bridge." [37]
In 2009, the film was second on a list of "most historically inaccurate movies" in The Times.[32] In the humorous non-fictional historiography An Utterly Impartial History of Britain (2007), author John O'Farrell notes that Braveheart could not have been more historically inaccurate, even if a "Plasticine dog" had been inserted in the film and the title changed to “William Wallace and Gromit”.[38]
In the DVD audio commentary of Braveheart, Mel Gibson acknowledges many of the historical inaccuracies but defends his choices as director, noting that the way events were portrayed in the film was much more "cinematically compelling" than the historical fact or conventional mythos.
Jus primae noctis[edit]
Edward Longshanks, King of England, is shown invoking Jus primae noctis, allowing the Lord of a medieval estate to take the virginity of his serfs' maiden daughters on their wedding nights. Critical medieval scholarship regards this supposed right as a myth, "the simple reason why we are dealing with a myth here rests in the surprising fact that practically all writers who make any such claims have never been able or willing to cite any trustworthy source, if they have any."[39][40]
Occupation and independence[edit]
The film suggests Scotland had been under English occupation for some time, at least during Wallace’s childhood, and in the run-up to the Battle of Falkirk Wallace says to the younger Bruce, “[W]e'll have what none of us have ever had before, a country of our own.” In fact Scotland had been invaded by England only the year before Wallace's rebellion; prior to the death of King Alexander III it had been a fully separate kingdom.[36]
Portrayal of William Wallace[edit]
As John Shelton Lawrence and Robert Jewett write, "Because [William] Wallace is one of Scotland's most important national heroes and because he lived in the very distant past, much that is believed about him is probably the stuff of legend. But there is a factual strand that historians agree to", summarized from Scots scholar Matt Ewart:
Wallace was born into the gentry of Scotland; his father lived until he was 18, his mother until his 24th year; he killed the sheriff of Lanark when he was 27, apparently after the murder of his wife; he led a group of commoners against the English in a very successful battle at Stirling in 1297, temporarily receiving appointment as guardian; Wallace's reputation as a military leader was ruined in the same year of 1297, leading to his resignation as guardian; he spent several years of exile in France before being captured by the English at Glasgow, this resulting in his trial for treason and his cruel execution.[41]
A.E. Christa Canitz writes about the historical William Wallace further: "[He] was a younger son of the Scottish gentry, usually accompanied by his own chaplain, well-educated, and eventually, having been appointed Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland, engaged in diplomatic correspondence with the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck and Hamburg". She finds that in Braveheart, "any hint of his descent from the lowland gentry (i.e., the lesser nobility) is erased, and he is presented as an economically and politically marginalized Highlander and 'a farmer'—as one with the common peasant, and with a strong spiritual connection to the land which he is destined to liberate."[42]
Colin McArthur writes that Braveheart "constructs Wallace as a kind of modern, nationalist guerrilla leader in a period half a millennium before the appearance of nationalism on the historical stage as a concept under which disparate classes and interests might be mobilised within a nation state." Writing about Braveheart's "omissions of verified historical facts", McArthur notes that Wallace made "overtures to Edward I seeking less severe treatment after his defeat at Falkirk", as well as "the well-documented fact of Wallace's having resorted to conscription and his willingness to hang those who refused to serve."[43] Canitz posits that depicting "such lack of class solidarity" as the conscriptions and related hangings "would contaminate the movie's image of Wallace as the morally irreproachable primus inter pares among his peasant fighters."[42]
Portrayal of Isabella of France[edit]
Isabella of France is shown having an affair with Wallace after the Battle of Falkirk. She later tells Edward I she is pregnant, implying that her son, Edward III, was a product of the affair. In reality, Isabella was three years old and living in France at the time of the Battle of Falkirk, was not married to Edward II until he was already king, and Edward III was born seven years after Wallace died.[44][45]
Portrayal of Robert the Bruce[edit]
Robert the Bruce did change sides between the Scots loyalists and the English more than once in the earlier stages of the Wars of Scottish Independence, but he never betrayed Wallace directly, and he probably did not fight on the English side at the Battle of Falkirk (although this claim does appear in a few medieval sources).[46] Later, the Battle of Bannockburn was not a spontaneous battle; he had already been fighting a guerrilla campaign against the English for eight years. His title before becoming king was Earl of Carrick, not Earl of Bruce.[36]
Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward[edit]
The actual Edward I was ruthless and temperamental, but the film exaggerates his character for effect. Edward enjoyed poetry and harp music, was a devoted and loving husband to his wife Eleanor of Castile, and as a religious man he gave generously to charity. The film's scene where he scoffs cynically at Isabella for distributing gold to the poor after Wallace refuses it as a bribe would have been unlikely. Also, Edward died on campaign two years after Wallace's execution, not in bed at his home.[36]
The depiction of the future Edward II as an effeminate homosexual drew accusations of homophobia against Gibson.
We cut a scene out, unfortunately. . . where you really got to know that character [Edward II] and to understand his plight and his pain. . . . But it just stopped the film in the first act so much that you thought, 'When's this story going to start?'[47][better source needed]
The actual Edward II, who fathered five children by two different women, was rumoured to have had sexual affairs with men, including Piers Gaveston, on whom the Prince's male lover Phillip was loosely based.[citation needed]
Gibson defended his depiction of Prince Edward as weak and ineffectual, saying:
I'm just trying to respond to history. You can cite other examples – Alexander the Great, for example, who conquered the entire world, was also a homosexual. But this story isn't about Alexander the Great. It's about Edward II.[48]
In response to Longshanks's murder of the Prince's male lover Phillip, Gibson replied: "The fact that King Edward throws this character out a window has nothing to do with him being gay ... He's terrible to his son, to everybody."[49] Gibson asserted that the reason Longshanks kills his son's lover is because the king is a "psychopath".[50] Gibson expressed bewilderment that some filmgoers would laugh at this murder.
Wallace's military campaign[edit]
"MacGregors from the next glen" joining Wallace shortly after the action at Lanark is dubious, since it is questionable whether Clan Gregor existed at that stage, and when they did emerge their traditional home was Glen Orchy, some distance from Lanark.[51]
Wallace did win an important victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, but the version in Braveheart is highly inaccurate, as it was filmed without a bridge (and without Andrew Moray, joint commander of the Scots army, who was fatally injured in the battle). Later, Wallace did carry out a large-scale raid into the north of England, but he did not get as far south as York, nor did he kill Longshanks' nephew.[36] (However this was not as wide of the mark as Blind Harry, who has Wallace making it as far south as St. Albans, and only refraining from attacking London after the English queen came out to meet him.)[29] Edward's nephew John of Brittany did take part in the Wars of Scottish Independence, but he was not killed at York.
The "Irish conscripts" at the Battle of Falkirk are also unhistorical; there were no Irish troops at Falkirk (although many of the English army were actually Welsh), and it is anachronistic to refer to conscripts in the Middle Ages (although there were feudal levies).[36]
The two-handed long swords used by Gibson in the film were not in wide use in the period. A one-handed sword and shield would be more accurate.[52]
Accusations of Anglophobia[edit]
Sections of the English media accused the film of harbouring Anglophobia. The Economist called it "xenophobic",[53] and John Sutherland writing in The Guardian stated that: "Braveheart gave full rein to a toxic Anglophobia".[54][55][56]
In The Times, MacArthur said "the political effects are truly pernicious. It’s a xenophobic film."[55] Ian Burrell of The Independent has noted, "The Braveheart phenomenon, a Hollywood-inspired rise in Scottish nationalism, has been linked to a rise in anti-English prejudice".[57]
Sequel[edit]
On February 9, 2018, a sequel titled Robert the Bruce was announced. The film will lead directly on from Braveheart and follow the widow Moira, portrayed by Anna Hutchison, and her family (portrayed by Gabriel Bateman and Talitha Bateman), who save Robert the Bruce, with Angus Macfadyen reprising his role from Braveheart. The cast will also include Jared Harris, Patrick Fugit, Zach McGowan, Emma Kenney, Diarmaid Murtagh, Seoras Wallace, Shane Coffey, Kevin McNally and Melora Walters. Richard Gray will direct the film, with Macfadyen and Eric Belgau writing the script. Helmer Gray, Macfadyen, Hutchison, Kim Barnard, Nick Farnell, Cameron Nuggent and Andrew Curry will produce the film.[58]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "Braveheart (1995)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
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Jump up ^ MacLellan, Rory; Smith, Ronnie (1998). Tourism in Scotland. Cengage Learning EMEA. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-86152-089-0.
Jump up ^ Martin-Jones, David (2009). Scotland: Global Cinema – Genres, Modes, and Identities. Edinburgh University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7486-3391-3.
Jump up ^ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on 2012-09-23. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
Jump up ^ "UPDATE: How "Toxic" Is IFTA's Best Indies?". Deadline. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (PDF). Retrieved 2013-06-20.
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Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
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Jump up ^ Boztas, Senay (31 July 2005). "Wallace movie 'helped Scots get devolution' – [Sunday Herald]". Braveheart.info. Archived from the original on 2013-07-02. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Wallace statue back at home of sculptor". The Courier. 16 October 2009. Archived from the original on 20 October 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Hal G. P. Colebatch (8 August 2006). "The American Spectator". Spectator.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
Jump up ^ Kevin Hurley (19 September 2004). "They may take our lives but they won't take Freedom". Scotland on Sunday. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Wallace statue back with sculptor". BBC News. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Anderson, Lin (2005). Braveheart: From Hollywood to Holyrood. Luath Press Ltd. p. 27.
^ Jump up to: a b Unmapping the Territory: Blind Hary's Wallace, Felicity Riddy's chapter in Edward Cowan's The Wallace Book (2007, ISBN 978-0-85976-652-4)
Jump up ^ Ewan, Elizabeth (October 1995). "Braveheart". American Historical Review. 100 (4): 1219–21. doi:10.2307/2168219.
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^ Jump up to: a b White, Caroline (4 August 2009). "The 10 most historically inaccurate movies". London: The Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Krossa, Sharon L. (October 2, 2008). "Braveheart Errors: An Illustration of Scale". Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ Krossa, Sharon L. (October 31, 2001). "Regarding the Film Braveheart". Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ "A History of Scottish Kilts | Authentic Ireland Travel". Authenticireland.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b Canitz, A.E. Christa (2005). "'Historians ... Will Say I Am a liar': The Ideology of False Truth Claims in Mel Gibson's Braveheart and Luc Besson's The Messenger". In Utz, Richard J.; Swan, Jesse G. Studies in Medievalism XIII: Postmodern Medievalisms. Suffolk, United Kingdom: D.S. Brewer. pp. 127–142. ISBN 978-1-84384-012-1.
Jump up ^ McArthur, Colin (1998). "Braveheart and the Scottish Aesthetic Dementia". In Barta, Tony. Screening the Past: Film and the Representation of History. Praeger. pp. 167–187. ISBN 978-0-275-95402-4.
Jump up ^ Ewan, Elizabeth (October 1995). "Braveheart". The American Historical Review. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 100 (4): 1219–21. doi:10.2307/2168219. ISSN 0002-8762. OCLC 01830326.
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Jump up ^ Penman, Michael Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots pp. 58-59
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Jump up ^ Matt, Easton. "Two-handed swords in Ironclad, Braveheart, Robin Hood & Kingdom of Heaven". YouTube. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Braveheart battle cry is now but a whisper". London: Times Online. 24 July 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
Jump up ^ Colin, McArthur (2003). Brigadoon, Braveheart and the Scots: Distortions of Scotland in Hollywood Cinema. I. B. Tauris. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-86064-927-1. Archived from the original on 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ Burrell, Ian (8 February 1999). "Most race attack victims `are white': The English Exiles – News". London: The Independent. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (February 9, 2018). "Angus Macfadyen-Led Action Drama 'Robert The Bruce' Drafts Jared Harris, Patrick Fugit & Others". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
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values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: قلب شجاع (فيلم) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: ব্রেভহার্ট – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values: Смело сърце – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: شجاع‌دل – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values: 브레이브하트 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Քաջ սիրտը (ֆիլմ) – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: ब्रेवहार्ट – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: לב אמיץ – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: მამაცი გული – Georgian

values: Ер жүрек – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values: Храбро срце – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: უშქურანჯი გური – Mingrelian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values: ブレイブハート – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Храброе сердце (фильм) – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Храбро срце – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: பிரேவ் ஹார்ட் (திரைப்படம்) – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: เบรฟฮาร์ท วีรบุรุษหัวใจมหากาฬ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Хоробре серце – Ukrainian

values: بریو ہارٹ – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

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