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Mediterranean climate
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For the influence of Mediterranean climates on viticulture, see Mediterranean climate (wine).
Regions with Mediterranean climates
Hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa)
Warm-summer mediterranean climate (Csb)
A Mediterranean climate /ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ or dry summer climate, is the climate typical of areas in the Mediterranean Basin. The Mediterranean climate is usually characterized by rainy winters and dry, warm to hot summers. While the climate receives its name from the Mediterranean Sea, an area where this climate is commonplace, it is also present in other areas of the planet, although with variations in the distribution of temperatures. In addition to the Mediterranean Basin, the climate is also found in most of California in the United States, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, sections of Western and Central Asia, and in Central Chile.
Outside the Mediterranean Basin, the Mediterranean climate is usually located geographically on the western coasts of continental masses, typically between oceanic climates towards the poles, and semi-arid and arid climates towards the equator. In essence, a Mediterranean climate is a combination of the three climates with winters somewhat mimicking winters in oceanic climates and summers imitating dry seasons in semi-arid and arid climates. Additionally, Mediterranean climates tend to be wetter poleward and drier towards the equator.
The resulting vegetation of Mediterranean climates are the garrigue in the Mediterranean Basin, the chaparral in California, the fynbos in South Africa and the Chilean scrubland in Chile. Areas with this climate are where the so-called “Mediterranean trinity” has traditionally developed: wheat, vine and olive.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
2 Köppen climate classification
3 Precipitation
4 Temperature
5 Mediterranean biome
5.1 Natural vegetation
6 Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
7 Warm-summer Mediterranean climate
8 Cold-summer Mediterranean climate
9 References
10 External links
Characteristics[edit]
The Mediterranean climate is characterised by dry summers and mild, rainy winters. They are located on the western sides of continents, between roughly 30 and 45 degrees north and south of the equator. Mediterranean climate zones are typically associated with the five large subtropical high-pressure belts of the oceans: the Azores High, South Atlantic High, North Pacific High, South Pacific High, and Indian Ocean High. These high-pressure belts, called anticyclones, rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Anticyclones cause air in the surrounding atmosphere to diverge and descend, sinking the air in opposing directions until there are no clouds present; leaving clear skies. Climatological high-pressure anticyclones migrate by latitude according to the direct angle of the Sun, shifting northward in the summer and toward the equator in the winter. These semi-permanent high-pressure belts play a major role in the formation of the world's subtropical and tropical deserts as well as the rainless summers associated with the Mediterranean climate.
The Azores High (also known as the Bermuda High), is associated with the Mediterranean climate found in the Mediterranean Basin, the Sahara Desert, and Arabian Desert (as well as that of the Azores, Canary Islands, and other eastern Atlantic islands). The South Atlantic High is similarly associated with the Namib Desert and Kalahari Desert, and the Mediterranean climate of the western part of South Africa. The North Pacific High is related to the North American deserts: the Mojave Desert, Great Basin Desert, Sonoran Desert, and Chihuahuan Desert, and maintains the Mediterranean climate found in California. The South Pacific High correlates to the Atacama Desert and Central Chile's climate, while the Indian Ocean High controls southwestern Australia's climate.[1]
Most large, historic cities of the Mediterranean basin, including Athens, Algiers, Barcelona, Beirut, Istanbul, Izmir, Jerusalem, Marseille, Rome and Tunis, lie within Mediterranean climatic zones, as do major cities outside the Mediterranean basin, such as Lisbon, Casablanca, Cape Town, Adelaide, Perth, Santiago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Tashkent and Dushanbe.
Köppen climate classification[edit]
Under the Köppen climate classification, "hot dry-summer" climates (classified as Csa) and "cool dry-summer climates (classified as Csb) are often referred to as "Mediterranean". Under the Köppen climate system, the first letter indicates the climate group (in this case temperate climates). Temperate climates or "C" zones have an average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F), but below 18 °C (64 °F), in their coolest months. The second letter indicates the precipitation pattern ("s" represents dry summers). Köppen has defined a dry summer month as a month with less than 30 mm (1.2 in) of precipitation and with less than one-third that of the wettest winter month. Some, however, use a 40 mm (1.6 in) level.[2][3] The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat: "a" represents an average temperature in the warmest month above 22 °C (72 °F), while "b" indicates the average temperature in the warmest month below 22 °C (72 °F).
Under the Köppen classification, dry-summer climates (Csa, Csb) usually occur on the western sides of continents. Csb zones in the Köppen system include areas normally not associated with Mediterranean climates but with Oceanic climates, such as much of the Pacific Northwest, much of southern Chile, parts of west-central Argentina, and parts of New Zealand.[4] Additional highland areas in the subtropics also meet Cs requirements, though they, too, are not normally associated with Mediterranean climates, as do a number of oceanic islands such as Madeira, the Juan Fernández Islands, the western part of the Canary Islands, and the eastern part of the Azores
Under Trewartha's modified Köppen climate classification, the two major requirements for a Cs climate are revised. Under Trewartha's system, at least eight months must have average temperatures of 10 °C (50 °F) or higher (subtropical), and the average annual precipitation must not exceed 900 mm (35 in). Thus, under this system, many Csb zones in the Köppen system become Do or Oceanic climate, and many Csc zones in the Köppen system become Eo or Subpolar oceanic climate, with the only classic dry-summer to warm winter, low annual rainfall locations are included in the Mediterranean type climate.
Precipitation[edit]
“ It [Chile] has six, months of winter, no more, and in them, except when there is a quarter moon, when it rains one or two days, all the other days have such beautiful suns... ”
— Pedro de Valdivia to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
During summer, regions of Mediterranean climate are dominated by subtropical high-pressure, with dry sinking air capping a surface marine layer of varying humidity and making rainfall unlikely. In many Mediterranean climates there is a strong diurnal character to daily temperatures in the warm summer months, due to the great loss of ultraviolet radiation from the sun at night.
In winter, Mediterranean climate zones come into contact with the westerlies and associated periodic storms can reach into the Mediterranean climate zones. Since the high-pressure is no longer there to deflect storms away from these regions, thunderstorms and heavy rain become possible. As a result, areas with this climate receive almost all of their precipitation during their winter and spring seasons, and may go anywhere from 3 to 6 months during the summer without having any significant precipitation. In the lower latitudes, precipitation usually decreases in both the winter and summer because they are closer to the Horse latitudes, thus bringing smaller amounts of rain. Toward the polar latitudes, total moisture usually increases; the Mediterranean climate in Southern Europe has more rain. The rainfall also tends to be more evenly distributed throughout the year in Southern Europe, while in the Eastern Mediterranean (the Levant) and in Southern California the summer is nearly or completely dry and the dry season most severe. In places where evapotranspiration is higher, steppe climates tend to prevail, but still follow the weather pattern of the Mediterranean climate.
Temperature[edit]
Mediterranean climate distribution in the Americas
The majority of the regions with Mediterranean climates have relatively mild winters and very warm summers. However winter and summer temperatures can vary greatly between different regions with a Mediterranean climate. For instance, in the case of winters, Lisbon and Los Angeles experience mild temperatures in the winter, with frost and snowfall almost unknown, whereas Tashkent has colder winters with annual frosts and snowfall. Or to consider summer, Athens experiences rather high temperatures in that season (48 °C (118 °F) has been measured in nearby Eleusis). In contrast, San Francisco has cool summers with daily highs around 21 °C (70 °F) due to the continuous upwelling of cold subsurface waters along the coast. The coast of California also produces regular summer fog, due to cool, moist ocean air coming into contact with high-pressure.
Because most regions with a Mediterranean climate are near large bodies of water, temperatures are generally moderate with a comparatively small range of temperatures between the winter low and summer high (although the daily range of temperature during the summer is large due to dry and clear conditions, except along the immediate coasts). Temperatures during winter only occasionally fall below the freezing point and snow is generally seldom seen. In the summer, the temperatures range from mild to very hot, depending on distance from a large body of water, elevation, and latitude. Even in the warmest locations with a Mediterranean-type climate, however, temperatures usually do not reach the highest readings found in adjacent desert regions because of cooling from water bodies, although strong winds from inland desert regions can sometimes boost summer temperatures, quickly increasing the risk of wildfires.
As in every climatologic domain, the highland locations of the Mediterranean domain can present cooler temperatures in winter than the lowland areas, temperatures which can sometimes prohibit the growth of typical Mediterranean plants. Some Spanish authors opt to use the term "Continental Mediterranean climate" for some regions with lower temperature in winter than the coastal areas[5] (direct translation from Clima Mediterráneo Continentalizado), but most climate classifications (including Köppen's Cs zones) show no distinction.
Additionally, the temperature and rainfall pattern for a Csa or even a Csb climate can exist as a microclimate in some high-altitude locations adjacent to a rare tropical As (tropical savanna climate with dry summers, typically in a rainshadow region). These have a favourable climate with mild wet winters and fairly warm, dry summers.
Mediterranean biome[edit]
The Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome is closely associated with Mediterranean climate zones, as are unique freshwater communities. Particularly distinctive of the climate are sclerophyll shrublands, called maquis in the Mediterranean Basin, chaparral in California, matorral in Chile, fynbos in South Africa, and mallee and kwongan shrublands in Australia. Aquatic communities in Mediterranean climate regions are adapted to a yearly cycle in which abiotic (environmental) controls of stream populations and community structure dominate during floods, biotic components (e.g. competition and predation) controls become increasingly important as the discharge declines, and environmental controls regain dominance as environmental conditions become very harsh (i.e. hot and dry); as a result, these communities are well suited to recover from droughts, floods, and fires.[6] Aquatic organisms in these regions show distinct long-term patterns in structure and function,[7] and are also highly sensitive to the effects of climate change.[8][9]
Natural vegetation[edit]
The native vegetation of Mediterranean climate lands must be adapted to survive long, hot summer droughts and prolonged wet periods in winter. Mediterranean vegetation examples include the following:[10]
Evergreen trees: such as bay laurel, pine, cypress, and oak
Deciduous trees: such as sycamore, oak, and buckeyes
Fruit trees such as olive, figs, walnuts and grapes
Shrubs: rosemary, Erica, Banksia, and chamise
Sub-shrubs: such as lavender, Halimium, and sagebrush
Grasses: grassland types, Themeda triandra, bunchgrasses; sedges, and rushes
Herbs: such as Achillea, Dietes, Helichrysum and Penstemon
Much native vegetation in Mediterranean climate area valleys have been cleared for agriculture. In places such as the Sacramento Valley and Oxnard Plain in California, draining marshes and estuaries combined with supplemental irrigation has led to a century of intensive agriculture. Much of the Overberg in the southern Cape of South Africa, once covered with renosterveld, has likewise been largely converted to agriculture, mainly wheat. In hillside and mountainous areas, away from urban sprawl, ecosystems and habitats of native vegetation are more sustained.
The fynbos vegetation in the South-western Cape in South Africa is famed for its high floral diversity, and includes such plant types as members of the Restionaceae, Ericas (Heaths) and Proteas. Representatives of the Proteaceae also grow in Australia, such as Banksias. The palette of California native plants is also renowned for its species and cultivar diversity.
Hot-summer Mediterranean climate[edit]
Hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa)
This subtype of the Mediterranean climate (Csa) is the most common form of the Mediterranean climate, therefore it is also known as a “typical Mediterranean climate”. As stated earlier, regions with this form of a Mediterranean climate experience average monthly temperatures in excess of 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) during its warmest month and an average in the coldest month between 18 and −3 °C (64 and 27 °F) or, in some applications, between 18 and 0 °C (64 and 32 °F). Also, at least four months must average above 10 °C (50 °F). Regions with this form of the Mediterranean climate typically experience hot, sometimes very hot and dry summers and mild, wet winters. In a number of instances, summers here can closely resemble summers seen in arid and semi-arid climates. However, high temperatures during summers are generally not quite as high as those in arid or semiarid climates due to the presence of a large body of water. All areas with this subtype have wet winters. However, some areas with a hot Mediterranean subtype can actually experience very chilly winters, with occasional snowfall. Precipitation is heavier during the colder months. However, there are a number of clear, sunny days during the wetter months.
Csa climates are mainly found around the Mediterranean Sea, southwestern Australia, southwestern South Africa, sections of Central Asia, northern sections of Iran and Iraq, the interior of northern California west of the Sierra Nevada, and inland areas of southern Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains. Southern California's coasts also experience hot summers due to the shielding effect of the Channel Islands. However, unshielded areas of that coastline can have warm-summer Mediterranean climates with hot-summer areas just a few miles inland.
Valencia
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
37
17
7
36
17
8
33
19
10
38
21
12
39
23
15
22
27
19
8
30
22
20
30
22
70
28
19
77
24
15
47
20
11
48
17
8
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[11][12]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
1.5
63
45
1.4
63
46
1.3
66
50
1.5
70
54
1.5
73
59
0.9
81
66
0.3
86
72
0.8
86
72
2.8
82
66
3
75
59
1.9
68
52
1.9
63
46
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Los Angeles
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
79
20
9
97
20
10
62
21
11
23
23
12
6.6
24
14
2.3
26
16
0.3
28
18
1
29
18
6.1
28
17
17
26
15
26
23
11
59
20
9
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA [1]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
3.1
68
48
3.8
69
49
2.4
70
51
0.9
73
53
0.3
74
57
0.1
78
60
0
83
64
0
84
64
0.2
83
63
0.7
78
59
1
73
52
2.3
68
47
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Perth
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
9.5
31
18
13
31
18
19
30
16
44
26
14
118
22
11
177
19
9
170
18
8
134
19
8
81
20
10
52
23
11
22
26
14
13
29
16
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: BoM[13]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0.4
87
64
0.5
88
64
0.8
85
62
1.7
78
56
4.6
72
51
7
67
47
6.7
65
46
5.3
66
46
3.2
68
49
2.1
73
52
0.9
79
57
0.5
84
61
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Warm-summer Mediterranean climate[edit]
Warm-summer mediterranean climate (Csb)
Occasionally also termed “Cool-summer Mediterranean climate”, this subtype of the Mediterranean climate (Csb) is the less common form of the Mediterranean climate. Cool ocean current and upwelling are often the reason for this cooler type of Mediterranean climate. As stated earlier, regions with this subtype of the Mediterranean climate experience warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 22 °C (72 °F) during its warmest month and an average in the coldest month between 18 and −3 °C (64 and 27 °F) or, in some applications, between 18 and 0 °C (64 and 32 °F). Also, at least four months must average above 10 °C (50 °F). Winters are rainy and can be mild to chilly. In a few instances, snow can fall on these areas. Precipitation occurs in the colder seasons, but there are a number of clear sunny days even during the wetter seasons.
Csb climates are found in northwestern Iberia, namely Galicia and Portugal, California, western Washington and Oregon, Canada's Vancouver Island, central Chile, parts of southern Australia, sections of southwestern South Africa and sections of the Atlantic coast of Morocco.
Porto
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
158
14
5
140
15
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90
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116
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46
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25
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27
25
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71
24
15
138
20
12
158
17
8
195
15
7
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Instituto de Meteorologia[14]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
6.2
56
41
5.5
59
43
3.5
62
45
4.6
64
47
3.8
67
52
1.8
73
57
0.7
77
60
1.1
77
59
2.8
75
59
5.4
69
53
6.2
62
47
7.7
58
44
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
San Francisco
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
120
15
8
105
16
9
86
17
10
32
18
10
14
19
11
3.3
20
12
1
20
12
2.3
21
13
7.1
22
13
30
21
13
84
18
10
81
15
8
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[15]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
4.7
58
46
4.1
61
49
3.4
62
49
1.3
65
50
0.5
65
51
0.1
68
53
0
68
54
0.1
69
56
0.3
71
56
1.2
70
55
3.3
64
51
3.2
59
47
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Cape Town
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
15
26
16
17
27
16
20
25
14
41
23
12
69
20
9
93
18
8
82
18
7
77
18
8
40
19
9
30
21
11
14
24
13
17
25
15
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: WMO[16]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0.6
79
60
0.7
80
60
0.8
78
58
1.6
73
53
2.7
69
49
3.7
65
46
3.2
64
45
3
64
46
1.6
67
48
1.2
70
51
0.6
74
56
0.7
77
59
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Cold-summer Mediterranean climate[edit]
Distribution of the relatively rare cold-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen type Csc) in Washington, Oregon and California.
The cold-summer subtype of the Mediterranean climate (Csc) is rare and predominately found at scattered high-altitude locations along the west coasts of North and South America. This type is characterized by cool summers, with fewer than four months with a mean temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F), as well as with mild winters, with no winter month having a mean temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C [27 °F]), depending on the isotherm used). Regions with this climate are influenced by the dry-summer trend that extends considerably poleward along the west coast of the Americas, as well as the moderating influences of high altitude and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean.
In North America, areas with Csc climate can be found in the Olympic, Cascade, Klamath, and Sierra Nevada ranges in Washington, Oregon and California. These locations are found at high altitude nearby lower altitude regions characterized by a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) or hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). A rare instance of this climate occurs in the tropics, on Haleakalā Summit in Hawaii.
In South America, Csc regions can be found along the Andes in Chile and Argentina. The town of Balmaceda is one of the few towns confirmed to have this climate.
Small areas with a Csc climate can also be found at high elevations in Corsica.
Balmaceda, Chile
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
28
18
7
20
18
6
38
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5
54
12
3
93
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1
85
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−2
84
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−3
72
6
−1
49
9
0
30
13
2
28
15
4
32
16
6
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: DMC[17]infochile[18]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
1.1
64
44
0.8
64
43
1.5
60
40
2.1
53
37
3.6
46
33
3.4
40
28
3.3
38
27
2.8
43
30
1.9
49
32
1.2
55
36
1.1
58
40
1.2
62
42
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Haleakala Summit, Hawaii
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
203
7
1
91
10
2
78
11
3
102
11
3
34
13
4
9.4
15
6
12
14
5
28
15
6
40
14
6
34
14
5
104
10
3
119
6
0
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: The Western Regional Climate Center[19]
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
8
45
34
3.6
50
36
3.1
51
37
4
52
37
1.4
55
39
0.4
58
42
0.5
58
42
1.1
58
42
1.6
58
42
1.3
57
41
4.1
51
38
4.7
43
32
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Akin, Wallace E. (1991). Global Patterns: Climate, Vegetation, and Soils. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 35. ISBN 0-8061-2309-5.
Jump up ^ Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz (June 2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
Jump up ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 4 (2): 439–473. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
Jump up ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
Jump up ^ "España a Través de los Mapas". www.ign.es.
Jump up ^ Gasith, A. and V.H. Resh (1999). "Streams in mediterranean Climate Regions: Abiotic Influences and Biotic Responses to Predictable Seasonal Events". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30: 51–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.51.
Jump up ^ Resh, V.H.; L.A. Bêche; J.E. Lawrence; R.D. Mazor; E.P. McElravy; A.H. Purcell; S.M. Carlson (2013). "Long-term Population and Community Patterns of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Northern California Mediterranean-climate Streams". Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 719: 93–118. doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1373-9. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, J.E.; K.B. Lunde; R.D. Mazor; L.A. Bêche; E.P. McElravy; V.H. Resh (2010). "Long-Term Macroinvertebrate Responses to Climate Change: Implications for Biological Assessment in Mediterranean-Climate Streams". Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 29 (4): 1424–1440. doi:10.1899/09-178.1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Filipe, A.F.; J.E. Lawrence; N. Bonada (November 2013). "Vulnerability of Biota in Mediterranean Streams to Climate Change: A Synthesis of Ecological Responses and Conservation Challenges". Hydrobiologia. 719: 331–351. doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1244-4. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Dallman, Peter (1998). Plant Life in the World's Mediterranean Climates. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520208094.
Jump up ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Valores climatológicos normales: Valencia - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es.
Jump up ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Valencia Aeropuerto: Valencia Aeropuerto - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es.
Jump up ^ "Perth Monthly climate statistics". Australia Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Monthly Averages for Porto, Portugal". Instituto de Meteorologia. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
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External links[edit]
Media related to Mediterranean climate at Wikimedia Commons
Explanation of Mediterranean Climate (University of Wisconsin)
[hide]
v
t
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Climate types under the Köppen climate classification
Class A
Tropical rainforest (Af)
Tropical monsoon (Am)
Tropical savanna (Aw, As)
Class B
Desert (BWh, BWk, BWn)
Semi-arid (BSh, BSk, BSn)
Class C
Humid subtropical (Cfa, Cwa)
Oceanic (Cfb, Cwb, Cfc, Cwc)
Mediterranean (Csa, Csb, Csc)
Class D
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Alpine (ET, EF)
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GND: 4153077-9
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text:
The Orville
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the U.S. TV series. For other uses, see Orville (disambiguation).
The Orville
Genre
Science fiction
Comedy-drama[1][2][3]
Created by
Seth MacFarlane
Starring
Seth MacFarlane
Adrianne Palicki
Penny Johnson Jerald
Scott Grimes
Peter Macon
Halston Sage
J. Lee
Mark Jackson
Chad L. Coleman
Theme music composer
Bruce Broughton[4]
Composer(s)
Joel McNeely[4]
John Debney[4]
Andrew Cottee
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
9 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Seth MacFarlane
Brannon Braga
David A. Goodman
Jason Clark
Jon Favreau (pilot)
Liz Heldens
Lili Fuller
Running time
43 minutes
Production company(s)
Fuzzy Door Productions
20th Century Fox Television
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
Fox
Original release
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10) – present
External links
Website
www.fox.com/the-orville/
The Orville is an American science fiction comedy-drama[1][2][3] series created by and starring Seth MacFarlane that premiered on Sunday, September 10, 2017, with new episodes airing Thursdays on Fox during the 2017–18 season.[5][6] Seth MacFarlane stars as Ed Mercer, an officer in the Planetary Union's line of exploratory space vessels whose career took a downturn following his divorce, and who is given the titular ship as his first command, only to discover that his ex-wife, Kelly Grayson (Adrianne Palicki), has been assigned to be his First Officer. Inspired by the television series Star Trek, the series tells the story of Mercer, Grayson, and the crew of the Orville as they embark on various diplomatic and exploratory missions.[7] On November 2, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a second season.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Guest stars
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Casting
4.3 Filming
4.4 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
6 References
7 External links
Premise[edit]
The Orville is set on the titular U.S.S. Orville (ECV-197), a mid-level exploratory space vessel in service to the Planetary Union, a 25th-century interstellar state encompassing Earth and many other worlds.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Seth MacFarlane as Ed Mercer, the captain of the Orville.[9][10][11] Mercer was an up-and-coming officer, believed to be on the fast track to commanding his own heavy cruiser by age 40. However, a year before the pilot, he caught his wife Kelly in bed with an alien. Since then, he was cited for becoming lax in his duties, including six instances of reporting to duty while hungover, but was informed that due to the size of the fleet and the retirement of the former captain, the Orville, a mid-level exploratory ship, was in need of a new commanding officer.[10]
Adrianne Palicki as Commander Kelly Grayson, the first officer of the Orville and Ed Mercer's ex-wife.[9][11] The two divorced when Mercer caught Grayson in bed with an alien.[12] Unbeknownst to Mercer, Grayson personally went to Admiral Halsey to plead her case to give her ex-husband a command, stating that despite some personal setbacks, he deserved his own command. She asked Halsey to keep that from him when assigned the Orville. Mercer and Grayson decide to put their differences aside, to work together as a team and stay as friends.[10]
Penny Johnson Jerald[11] as Doctor Claire Finn, the Chief Medical Officer on the Orville, holding the rank of Lieutenant Commander. A physician of exceptional credentials, she has expertise in molecular surgery, DNA engineering and psychiatry, which could have afforded her the privilege of serving on the heavy cruiser of her choice. She instead chose the mid-level exploratory vessel because, as she explains to Mercer in the pilot, she prefers to request her transfers based on where she feels she is needed, as she feels more stimulated by such assignments. When she tells Mercer she felt he could use her help on his first command, he interprets this as lack of confidence on her part in his competence, though she denies this.[10] Having never found the ideal opportunity to marry, she chose to become a single mother, and her two sons, Marcus and Ty, travel aboard the Orville with her.[13]
Scott Grimes as Lieutenant Gordon Malloy, the helmsman of the Orville and Mercer's best friend.[9][11] Considered the best helmsman in the fleet, he was relegated to desk duty after an attempt to impress a girl resulted in him shearing the door off a cargo bay during a precarious shuttle docking, losing cargo in the process. He was specifically requested by Mercer despite some hesitation by Admiral Halsey, who harbors concern over Malloy's history of crude and juvenile pranks.[10]
Peter Macon[11] as Lieutenant Commander Bortus, the second officer aboard the U.S.S. Orville. Bortus is from Moclus, a planet whose primary industry is weapons manufacturing,[14] and whose inhabitants, the Moclans, are a single-gender species. Bortus exhibits a degree of stoic formality. For example, Bortus disapproves of the bridge crew discussing Mercer and Grayson's breakup after Mercer leaves the bridge in the pilot episode. Among the peculiarities of the Moclans are that they only urinate once a year.[10][11] Moclans reproduce through the laying of eggs, which are incubated for 21 days. Bortus and his mate, Klyden, become parents in the series' second episode, when Bortus incubates and hatches an egg.[15] When the child is revealed to be female, a rare occurrence among Moclans, Bortus and Klyden's desire to have her undergo sex reassignment surgery provides the allegorical conflict of the series' third episode.[14]
Halston Sage[11] as Lieutenant Alara Kitan, the Orville's 23-year-old Chief of Security. She is a member of the Xelayan race, which inhabits a high-gravity planet, giving her greater-than-human strength, allowing her to knock down doors and walls by charging against them,[10] or crush a handheld cube of solid titanium and reshape it into a sphere with her bare hands.[14]
J. Lee as Lieutenant John LaMarr,[11] the navigator of the Orville. He and Malloy strike up an immediate friendship in the pilot, based on their ironic view that they are both "jerks".[10]
Mark Jackson[11][16] as Isaac, the Orville's Science and Engineering Officer. Isaac is a member of the artificial, non-biological race from Kaylon-1 that views biological lifeforms, including humans, as inferior. Isaac explains to Mercer in the pilot that the Union's Admiralty offered a posting to any Kaylon willing to accept it, as an attempt to initiate relations between the two powers. Isaac accepted the offer because he saw it as a way to study human behavior. During the course of his time with the crew, he comes to observe and understand aspects of human behavior, such as sarcasm, slang,[7][10] and practical jokes. Isaac perceives his surroundings with his body's internal sensors, and not with the two glowing blue "eyes" on his face, which are purely aesthetic.[17]
Recurring[edit]
Victor Garber as Admiral Halsey, Mercer's superior and an old friend of Grayson's father. He first appears in the series premiere and again in Episode 9.
Chad Coleman as Klyden, Bortus' mate and father of their child. He first appears at the end of the series' second episode.
Norm Macdonald as the voice of Yaphit, an amorphous, gelatinous Engineering crew member of the Orville,[18] who in his first few appearances, repeatedly attempts to obtain a date with Dr. Finn,[14][19] and frequently flirts with other females on the ship.[17]
Larry Joe Campbell as Lieutenant Commander[15] Steve Newton, Chief Engineer of the Orville.[17]
Rachael MacFarlane as the voice of the Orville computer.[20]
Guest stars[edit]
Brian George as Doctor Aronov, the leader of the Epsilon II science station in the series premiere
Ron Canada as Admiral Tucker in Episodes 2 and 7
Jeffrey Tambor as Captain Mercer's father, Ben in Episode 2
Holland Taylor as Captain Mercer's mother, Jeannie in Episode 2
Jonathan Adams as the Moclan Arbitrator in Episode 3
Rena Owen as Heveena in Episode 3
Robert Knepper as Hamelac in Episode 4
Liam Neeson as Jahavus Dorahl, Captain of the derelict Bio Ship in Episode 4
Charlize Theron as Pria Lavesque, who appears in Episode 5
Kelly Hu as Admiral Ozawa, who appears in Episode 6
Michaela McManus as Teleya, a Krill teacher serving on Krill destroyer Yakar, in Episode 6
Brian Thompson as Drogen, a survivalist on a planet that Finn, Isaac and Finn's children crash on in Episode 8
Rob Lowe as Darulio, a Retepsian archeologist. He briefly appears as Kelly's blue alien lover in the series premiere (uncredited) and returns in Episode 9.
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Old Wounds" Jon Favreau Seth MacFarlane September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10) 1LAB01 8.56[21]
25th-century Union command officer Ed Mercer divorces his wife, Kelly Grayson, after he catches her cheating on him. A year later, he accepts a position as Captain of the U.S.S. Orville and finds (to his dismay) that his ex-wife will serve as his First Officer. During the Orville's first mission, the hostile alien Krill Captain (Joel Swetow) attempts to steal a device that can accelerate time, which has both beneficial and dangerous applications. Mercer and Grayson rig the device to destroy itself and the Krill vessel.
2
"Command Performance" Robert Duncan McNeill Seth MacFarlane September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17) 1LAB03 6.63[22]
The technologically advanced Calivon imprison Mercer and Grayson in a replica of their former home as a zoo exhibit. Alara is left in command of the Orville, as Bortus has laid an egg and must incubate it. Alara is unsure of herself, but gains confidence with the help of Claire's mentorship. Mercer and Grayson wonder if they could have made their relationship work, but finally conclude that they were never compatible for a long-term romantic relationship, despite their strong camaraderie. Admiral Tucker orders Alara to return to Earth instead of approaching the powerful Calivon; Alara violates these orders and rescues Mercer and Grayson, along with an alien child, by trading an archive of Earth's reality television for them. Ed presents Alara with a medal of honor and believes he and Grayson can prevent her from being punished for insubordination. A female offspring hatches from Bortus' egg, stunning him and Klyden, as Moclan females are extremely rare.
3
"About a Girl" Brannon Braga Seth MacFarlane September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21) 1LAB04 4.05[23]
When Doctor Finn refuses Bortus and Klyden's request to have their daughter undergo sex reassignment surgery, which is standard practice for Moclans on the very rare occasions when a female is born, the parents petition Mercer to order the procedure. Mercer refuses, as he (and the rest of the crew) object to performing such a procedure on a healthy infant, so Bortus and Klyden arrange to have the procedure performed on a Moclan vessel. Gordon and John change Bortus' mind by showing him Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, but Klyden still wants to proceed, revealing that he was born female. The case is arbitrated on the Moclan planet, Moclus, where Grayson represents Bortus; she casts doubt on the idea of male superiority by demonstrating that Alara is physically strong and Gordon is stupid. Ed locates a female Moclan of advanced years, Heveena, who testifies that she lived a happy and fulfilling life in seclusion, and reveals that under the pseudonym "Gondus Elden," she has become an esteemed novelist on Moclus. But Klyden and the tribunal are unconvinced, and the baby undergoes the surgery. Despite their disagreement, Bortus and Klyden are committed to one another and to giving their son, Topa, a good life.
4
"If the Stars Should Appear" James L. Conway Seth MacFarlane September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28) 1LAB02 3.70[24]
The Orville encounters a huge, 2000-year-old derelict ship drifting into a star. Mercer, Grayson, Kitan, Finn, and Isaac enter, discovering an artificial biosphere and a civilization of 3 million who worship an entity called Dorahl, and do not know they are on a ship. Grayson is held prisoner by their theocratic dictator Hamelac, who imposes a death penalty on "Reformers" who believe anything exists beyond the known world. While Bortus takes the Orville to save a colony ship from a Krill attack, Grayson's crewmates rescue her and lead a group of Reformers to the alien ship's bridge. An ancient recording from Captain Jahavus Dorahl (played by Liam Neeson) reveals that it was a generation ship disabled by an ion storm. Isaac initiates repairs and opens the hull's window, enabling the populace to see stars for the first time, moving even Hamelac. Mercer makes arrangements for the Union to train the people to operate their ship. Meanwhile, Klyden is frustrated that Bortus' duties leave him little time for family.
5
"Pria" Jonathan Frakes Seth MacFarlane October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05) 1LAB05 3.43[25]
The Orville comes to the rescue of a mining ship. Grayson is suspicious of their new guest, Pria Lavesque (Charlize Theron), to whom Mercer is clearly attracted. Grayson's concerns are shown to have merit when Pria is discovered to be a time-traveling artifact dealer from the 29th Century. Pria claims to have rescued the Orville from a dark matter storm that would have killed them all, mainly so she could sell the ship to an artifact buyer in her own time. Meanwhile, Malloy tries to teach the concept of humor to Isaac, which soon backfires for him when Isaac pulls off a very unexpected practical joke.
6
"Krill" Jon Cassar David A. Goodman October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12) 1LAB06 3.37[26]
After recovering a Krill shuttle intact, Mercer and Malloy are ordered to pose as Krill soldiers in order to board one of their vessels and get a copy of the Ankhana, a sacred religious text. They are forced to change priorities when they learn that the Krill plan to detonate a powerful bomb over a remote Union colony. Rather than destroy the bomb, and therefore the ship, they exploit the Krill's natural weakness to sunlight to eliminate all the crew members, with the exception of a classroom full of children and their teacher Teleya, who warns Mercer that his actions will only reinforce the Krill's hatred for the Union.
7
"Majority Rule" Tucker Gates Seth MacFarlane October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26) 1LAB07 4.18[27]
An undercover team led by Grayson lands on Sargas 4, an Earth-like planet with a culture similar to that of 21st-century human civilization, to locate two missing anthropologists. There, LaMarr is arrested after a video of him dancing with a beloved statue receives more than a million "down" votes, and must convince the public to pardon him or be subjected to "treatment" for his actions. Alara and Claire locate one of the missing, but find him in an irreversible lobotomized state. With LaMarr facing a final vote to determine his guilt, Mercer brings one of the planet's inhabitants, Lysella, aboard the Orville and learns about the "Master Feed", which Isaac is able to hack and upload doctored images of John, narrowly swinging the vote in his favor. Now free, John and the others return to the ship and depart. The next day, Lysella decides against taking part in a public vote.
8
"Into the Fold" Brannon Braga Brannon Braga & Andre Bormanis November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02) 1LAB08 3.83[28]
While traveling to a recreational planet in a shuttle, Isaac, Finn, and her sons Marcus and Ty fall into a spatial fold, and crash on a planet devastated by famine and disease, and populated by cannibals. Finn is separated from the other three and captured by a survivalist named Drogen. While she works to escape, Isaac, who is unfamiliar with the care of human children, is forced to protect her sons while he tries to fix the shuttle's communication systems in order to send a distress signal. Ty becomes ill with the planet's indigenous disease. After Finn kills Drogen and reunites with the others, Isaac and Marcus hold off a large attack by the cannibals long enough for the Orville to rescue them. After Finn cures Ty's infection, Isaac tells her that, for all the faults he sees in the children, he still thinks of them fondly.
9
"Cupid's Dagger" Jamie Babbit Liz Heldens November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09) 1LAB09 3.69[29]
Two alien species, the Navarians and the Bruidians, are moments away from battling over control for the planet Lapovius, and enlist the help of the Orville to scan an ancient artifact found on the planet to see which species' DNA is located on it. The Orville brings on Darulio, who is not only the one who can complete the scan, but the person who Kelly had slept with ending their marriage. Ed is furious, but Darulio's annual pheromonal release causes Ed and Kelly to individually have sex with him. Finn is also affected by Darulio's pheromones, which leads to a sexual encounter with Yaphit.
10
"Firestorm"[30] Jon Cassar[31] TBA November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16) 1LAB10 TBD
11
"New Dimensions"[32] Kelly Cronin[33] TBA November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30) 1LAB11 TBD
12
TBA Kevin Hooks[34] TBA TBA 1LAB12 TBD
13
TBA Seth MacFarlane[35] TBA TBA 1LAB13 TBD
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
MacFarlane originally wrote The Orville as a spec script, which was given a 13-episode order by Fox on May 4, 2016, making it the first live-action television series created by MacFarlane, as well as his first live-action starring role on television.[36]
Following the project's greenlight, MacFarlane stated, “I've wanted to do something like this show ever since I was a kid, and the timing finally feels right. [...] I think this is gonna be something special.”[5]
According to MacFarlane, The Orville was inspired by The Twilight Zone and Star Trek.[37] He was also encouraged to sell the series due to the success of Guardians of the Galaxy and Deadpool.[38]
Casting[edit]
On July 29, 2016, MacFarlane's role was revealed to be Ed Mercer, the captain of the Orville, while Adrianne Palicki had been cast as Kelly Grayson, Ed's ex-wife and the newly appointed first officer of the Orville, and Scott Grimes, who voices Steve Smith on American Dad! (another show created by MacFarlane), was cast as Gordon Malloy, Ed's best friend whom he hires to pilot the Orville.[9] On August 19, Peter Macon and J Lee were cast as series regulars.[39][40] On October 31, Halston Sage and Penny Johnson Jerald joined the cast.[41] On December 8, Mark Jackson was cast.[16] On April 3, 2017, Chad L. Coleman was added as a series regular and Larry Joe Campbell was cast in a recurring role.[42]
At San Diego Comic Con, MacFarlane said that Charlize Theron would guest-star in an episode.[43] The two had previously co-starred in A Million Ways to Die in the West.
Filming[edit]
On August 24, 2016, Jon Favreau signed on to direct the pilot.[44] Production on the pilot episode began in late 2016, and the rest of the episodes began filming on March 27, 2017.[36] Production wrapped on August 23, 2017.[35]
Jonathan Frakes and Robert Duncan McNeill also direct episodes of the show; both Star Trek actors, the two have also directed Star Trek episodes in the past.[45]
Music[edit]
The show uses a 75-piece orchestra for the music in each episode, alongside several different composers. MacFarlane said "We score it like a movie" and "We really put as much into that as we do into the effects."[46]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 18% approval rating, with an average rating of 4.61/10 based on 38 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "An odd jumble of campiness and sincerity, homage and satire, The Orville never quite achieves liftoff."[47] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 36 out of 100, based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[48]
Liz Miller writing for IndieWire compared the series to Star Trek, calling it a rip-off and "Creatively, Morally, and Ethically Bankrupt". She criticized the lack of creativity, the blatant imitation, and was surprised that the show is "uninterested in being a comedy".[45]
Erik Kain of Forbes gave a positive review of the show with the observation that "All the optimism and sincerity and lightheartedness of Star Trek is here, and in many ways it's kind of wonderful. I'm honestly surprised something like this exists." He says the critics were wrong and suggests their opinions are based on disliking MacFarlane and his type of humor.[49]
Ratings[edit]
The Orville has performed well in ratings. After its Sunday premiere on September 10, the show moved to Thursday nights at 9 pm. In its first broadcast in the new time slot, The Orville became Fox's highest rated Thursday 9pm broadcast in two years.[50]
After taking into account DVR and VOD, The Orville was Fox's most-viewed drama debut since the premiere of Empire in 2015.
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Old Wounds" September 10, 2017 2.7/9 8.56[21] N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 "Command Performance" September 17, 2017 2.2/8 6.63[22] 0.9 2.42 3.1 9.05[51]
3 "About a Girl" September 21, 2017 1.1/4 4.05[23] N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 "If the Stars Should Appear" September 28, 2017 1.1/4 3.70[24] 1.0 3.11 2.1 6.81[52]
5 "Pria" October 5, 2017 0.9/3 3.43[25] 1.2 3.35 2.1 6.79[53]
6 "Krill" October 12, 2017 1.0/4 3.37[26] 1.1 3.32 2.1 6.69[54]
7 "Majority Rule" October 26, 2017 1.2/5 4.18[27] 1.1 3.11 2.3 7.29[55]
8 "Into the Fold" November 2, 2017 1.0/4 3.83[28] TBD TBD TBD TBD
9 "Cupid's Dagger" November 9, 2017 1.0/4 3.69[29] TBD TBD TBD TBD
10 "Firestorm" November 16, 2017 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Shows A-Z – orville, the on fox". The Futon Critic. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Rubin, Rebecca. "TV News Roundup: 'The Orville' Becomes Fox's Biggest Drama Debut in Two Years in Delayed Viewing". Variety. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Orville: Seth MacFarlane Explains Why His New Show Isn't Just a Comedy". TV Line. August 8, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Burlingame, Jon (September 7, 2017). "Seth MacFarlane's 'The Orville' Gets Movie-Style Scoring From Emmy-Winning Composers". Variety. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Seth MacFarlane to Create, Executive-Produce and Star in New Series". FOX.com. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Surette, Tim (June 22, 2017). "Here's When The Gifted, The Orville and Other Fox Shows Premiere". TVGuide.com. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Martinelli, Marissa (September 8, 2017). "Seth MacFarlane's The Orville Is More Earnest Star Trek Homage Than 'Family Guy in Space'""". Slate.
Jump up ^ Nemetz, Dave (November 2, 2017). "The Orville Renewed for Season 2". TV Line. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Andreeva, Nellie (July 29, 2016). "Adrianne Palicki Stars In Seth MacFarlane Fox Series, Scott Grimes Co-Stars". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Old Wounds", The Orville, Season 1, Episode 1. Fox Broadcasting Company. September 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "The Orville on FOX". Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Inside Look In 360°". YouTube. September 1, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Into the Fold", The Orville, Season 1, Episode 8. Fox Broadcasting Company. November 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "About a Girl", The Orville, Season 1, Episode 2. Fox Broadcasting Company. September 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Command Performance", The Orville, Season 1, Episode 2. Fox Broadcasting Company. September 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mark Jackson Joins Seth MacFarlane's Fox Series 'Orville". Deadline. December 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Pria", The Orville, Season 1, Episode 5. Fox Broadcasting Company. October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wiegand, David (September 2, 2017). "MacFarlane is lost in space with 'Orville'". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ "If the Stars Should Appear", The Orville, Season 1, Episode 4. Fox Broadcasting Company. September 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rachael MacFarlane (@GirlMacFarlane)". Twitter. August 21, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 13, 2017). "'The Orville' and 'SNF' adjust up, Miss America and '20/20' adjust down: Sunday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 19, 2017). "'The Orville' adjusts down,' 'Sunday Night Football' up: Sunday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 22, 2017). "'The Orville,' 'Gotham,' 'Zoo' and CW originals unchanged: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 29, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Superstore,' 'Good Place,' 'Gotham' adjust up; 'How to Get Away' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 6, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Gotham' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 27, 2017). "NFL adjusts up, scripted shows all unchanged: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Will & Grace' adjusts up, 'Sheldon' and other CBS shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 10, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory' and 'Thursday Night Football' adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(ORV-110) "Firestorm"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Seth MacFarlane [@SethMacFarlane] (July 12, 2017). "Can't wait to have the genius of @joncassar back for more!" (Tweet). Retrieved July 27, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "(ORV-111) "New Dimensions"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Seth MacFarlane [@SethMacFarlane] (July 21, 2017). "Thanks to our awesome @TheOrville episode 11 director Kelly Cronin for a great show!" (Tweet). Retrieved July 27, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Seth MacFarlane [@SethMacFarlane] (July 25, 2017). "@KevHooks bringing his brilliance to @TheOrville this week" (Tweet). Retrieved July 27, 2017 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Seth MacFarlane [@SethMacFarlane] (August 23, 2017). "That is a wrap on season 1 of @TheOrville -- Thanks to our incomparable cast and crew for everything!" (Tweet). Retrieved August 24, 2017 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (May 4, 2016). "Seth MacFarlane To Create & Star In Fox Sci-Fi Dramedy Series For 2017-18 Season". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Seth MacFarlane Talks New Comedy 'Orville'". Access Hollywood YouTube Page. May 17, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "How Seth MacFarlane Got Charlize Theron To Be On 'The Orville'". Entertainment Weekly YouTube Page. July 26, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (August 19, 2016). "Peter Macon & J Lee Join Seth MacFarlane's Fox Series 'Orville'". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ McLennan, Cindy (August 23, 2016). "Orville: Peter Macon and J Lee Join Seth MacFarlane's New FOX Comedy". TV Series Finale. United States: DreamHost. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (October 31, 2016). "Halston Sage & Penny Johnson Jerald Join Seth MacFarlane's Sci-Fi Dramedy At Fox". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (April 3, 2017). "Chad L. Coleman & Larry Joe Campbell Join Seth MacFarlane's Fox Series 'Orville'". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Snierson, Dan (July 21, 2017). "Charlize Theron to guest on Seth MacFarlane's space-set series The Orville". Entertainment Weekly. United States: Time Inc. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (August 24, 2016). "Jon Favreau To Direct Seth MacFarlane's Space Comedic Drama Series For Fox". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Shannon Miller, Liz (September 8, 2017). "'The Orville' Review: Seth MacFarlane's 'Star Trek' Rip-Off is Creatively, Morally, and Ethically Bankrupt". IndieWire. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kain, Erik (September 16, 2017). "Interview: Seth MacFarlane On The Orville's Unique Tone, 'Star Trek' Roots". Forbes.
Jump up ^ "The Orville: Season 1 (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Orville - Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kain, Erik (September 10, 2017). "'The Critics Must Be Crazy: Seth MacFarlane's 'The Orville' Captures The Spirit Of 'Star Trek'". Forbes. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Michael. "The Orville vs. Star Trek: Discovery Ratings: Both Open Competitively". IndieWire. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 2017-10-01.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 27, 2017). "'The Orville' ties 'America's Got Talent' in 18-49: Broadcast Live +7 ratings for Sept. 11-17". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 'The Good Doctor' score big in premiere week broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 18, 2017). "'The Orville,' 'Once Upon a Time,' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Orville on IMDb
The Orville on Facebook
[show]
v
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