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The Cider House Rules (film)
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The Cider House Rules
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Lasse Hallström
Produced by
Richard N. Gladstein
Bob Weinstein
Harvey Weinstein
Austin Whiteley
Screenplay by
John Irving
Based on
The Cider House Rules
by John Irving
Starring
Tobey Maguire
Charlize Theron
Paul Rudd
Delroy Lindo
Michael Caine
Jane Alexander
Kathy Baker
Kieran Culkin
Heavy D
Kate Nelligan
Erykah Badu
Music by
Rachel Portman
Cinematography
Oliver Stapleton
Edited by
Lisa Zeno Churgin
Production
company
FilmColony
Distributed by
Miramax Films
Release date
September 7, 1999 (1999-09-07) (Venice)
December 10, 1999 (1999-12-10)
Running time
125 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$24 million[2]
Box office
$88.5 million[2]
The Cider House Rules is a 1999 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström, based on John Irving's novel of the same name. The film had its world premiere at the 56th Venice Film Festival. The film covers a number of deep issues, such as growing up, abortion, and rape.
The film won two Academy Awards: Irving won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, while Michael Caine won his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, along with four other nominations at the 72nd Academy Awards. Irving documented his involvement in bringing the novel to the screen in his book, My Movie Business.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Reception
4 Academy Awards
5 Songs featured in the film
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Homer Wells, an orphan, grows up in a Maine orphanage directed by kindly, avuncular Dr. Wilbur Larch. Homer is returned twice by foster parents; his first foster parents thought he was too quiet and the second parents beat him. Dr. Larch is addicted to ether and also secretly performs abortions for women. Conditions at the orphanage are very sparse, but the children are treated with love and respect, and they are like an extended family. Each night before they go to sleep, Dr. Larch says, "Goodnight you Princes of Maine, you Kings of New England!" as both encouragement and a kind of blessing.
Homer, the oldest among the orphans, is very bright, helpful and even-tempered, so Larch trains him in obstetrics and abortions as an apprentice, despite Homer's never having attended high school. Homer disapproves of abortions, and, although he has been trained by Larch in the field, he refuses to perform them. After several years, Homer is very skillful and confident in performing obstetrical duties and Larch wants Homer to take over his position after he retires. But Homer finds this idea impossible, both because he lacks formal medical education and because he wants to see more of the world than just the orphanage.
Homer leaves the orphanage with Candy Kendall and her boyfriend, Wally Worthington, a young couple who came to the clinic to have an abortion. Wally is a pilot on leave from the service. Wally's mother owns the Worthington family apple orchard where Homer settles in as a worker. Homer lives on the Worthington estate in a bunkhouse called the Cider House. Wally leaves to fight in World War II. Homer is exempt from military service because Dr. Larch has diagnosed that he has a heart condition. While Wally is away, Homer and Candy have an affair. He goes to work picking apples with Arthur Rose's team. Arthur and his team are migrant workers who are employed seasonally at the orchard by the Worthingtons but are illiterate. When Homer reads them the rules of the Cider House that have been posted, the workers observe that the rules have been made without the occupants' consent by people who do not live there and so do not face their problems. Consequently, they feel that they can ignore these rules. Homer and Candy become much closer during this period of harvest and spend more time together, while Wally is in Burma fighting.
After Arthur Rose and his team come back to work at the orchard the following season, it comes to light that he has raped and impregnated his own daughter, Rose, who confides in Homer after he finds out by himself that she is pregnant and experiencing morning sickness. Homer decides that he must help Rose, and agrees to perform an abortion, with Arthur's assistance. A few days later, when Rose tries to run away, her father notices and goes to say goodbye; Rose stabs him and flees. Arthur then makes his own injury worse, and as a last request asks Homer and another worker to tell the police that his death was a suicide.
Wally returns from Burma a paraplegic, and although she loves Homer, Candy decides to go where she is most needed. Immediately following this decision, Homer learns that Dr. Larch has succumbed to an accidental ether overdose. Eventually, Homer decides he too should go where he is most needed and returns to the orphanage, where he is greeted joyously by both the children and staff. He is surprised to discover that he has been accepted as the new Director.
At the end of the film, Homer learns that Larch faked his diagnosis and medical record to keep him out of the war. Larch fabricated college credentials for Homer and used reverse psychology to convince the orphanage board to appoint Homer as the next director. Finally, Homer fills the paternal role that Larch previously held for the children of the orphanage, saying, "Goodnight you princes of Maine, you kings of New England!"
Cast[edit]
Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells
Michael Caine as Dr. Wilbur Larch
Charlize Theron as Candy Kendall
Paul Rudd as Lt. Wally Worthington
Delroy Lindo as Arthur Rose
Erykah Badu as Rose Rose
Heavy D as Peaches
K. Todd Freeman as Muddy
Kieran Culkin as Buster
Jane Alexander as Nurse Edna
Kathy Baker as Nurse Angela
Kate Nelligan as Olive Worthington
Paz de la Huerta as Mary Agnes
J. K. Simmons as Ray Kendall
Evan Parke as Jack
Jimmy Flynn as Vernon
Erik Per Sullivan as Fuzzy Stone
Skye McCole Bartusiak as Hazel
Spencer Diamond as Curly
Reception[edit]
On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a 71% approval rating,[3] and it has a 75/100 rating on Metacritic.[4] Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare four-star rating. By contrast, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded it just two stars, stating the film: "is often absorbing or enchanting in its parts. Michael Caine's performance is one of his best, and Charlize Theron is sweet and direct as the girl", along with, "The story touches many themes, lingers with some of them, moves on and arrives at nowhere in particular."[5]
Academy Awards[edit]
The Cider House Rules won two Academy Awards and was nominated for an additional five:
Best Actor in a Supporting Role: Michael Caine
Best Adapted Screenplay: John Irving
Nominated – Best Picture: Richard N. Gladstein
Nominated – Best Director: Lasse Hallström
Nominated – Best Film Editing: Lisa Zeno Churgin
Nominated – Best Original Score: Rachel Portman
Nominated – Best Art Direction: Art Direction: David Gropman; Set Decoration: Beth A. Rubino
Songs featured in the film[edit]
Several famous songs written by Richard A. Whiting are featured in the film. notably "Ukulele Lady" written by Richard A. Whiting and Gus Kahn in 1925. In the film it was performed by Vaughn DeLeath
"My Ideal" was featured in the film written by Richard A. Whiting, Newell Chase, and Leo Robin in 1930. In the movie the song was sung by Margaret Whiting (Richard A. Whiting's Daughter) with Billy Butterfield & His Orchestra.
The song "All I Want Is Just One Girl" featured in the film was written by Richard A. Whiting and Leo Robin in 1930. In the movie the song is performed by Gus Arnheim and His Coconut Grove Ambassadors
The Pure Michigan tourism campaign uses the main theme from the film as the background music.
See also[edit]
Ventfort Hall Mansion and Gilded Age Museum
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE CIDER HOUSE RULES (12)". British Board of Film Classification. 2000-02-04. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^ Jump up to: a b The Cider House Rules at Box Office Mojo Retrieved July 6, 2013
Jump up ^ "The Cider House Rules (1999)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Cider House Rules". Metacritic. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (December 17, 1999). "The Cider House Rules". Roger Ebert/Chicago Sun-Times.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Cider House Rules (film)
The Cider House Rules on IMDb
The Cider House Rules at Box Office Mojo
The Cider House Rules at Rotten Tomatoes
The Cider House Rules at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Lasse Hallström
A Guy and a Gal (1975)
ABBA: The Movie (1977)
Father to Be (1979)
Tuppen (1981)
Happy We (1983)
My Life as a Dog (1985)
The Children of Noisy Village (1986)
More About the Children of Noisy Village (1987)
Once Around (1991)
What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993)
Something to Talk About (1995)
The Cider House Rules (1999)
Chocolat (2000)
The Shipping News (2001)
An Unfinished Life (2005)
Casanova (2005)
The Hoax (2007)
Hachi: A Dog's Tale (2009)
Dear John (2010)
Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011)
The Hypnotist (2012)
Safe Haven (2013)
The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
A Dog's Purpose (2017)
The Nutcracker and the Four Realms (2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Works by John Irving
Novels
Setting Free the Bears
The Water-Method Man
The 158-Pound Marriage
The World According to Garp
The Hotel New Hampshire
The Cider House Rules
A Prayer for Owen Meany
A Son of the Circus
A Widow for One Year
The Fourth Hand
Until I Find You
Last Night in Twisted River
In One Person
Avenue of Mysteries
Short story collections
Trying to Save Piggy Sneed
Children's fiction
A Sound Like Someone Trying Not to Make a Sound
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 316752052
GND: 1026990459
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Cider_House_Rules_(film)&oldid=815761267"
Categories:
1999 films
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1990s drama films
American films
American drama films
Films about abortion
Films about orphans
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by John Irving
Films directed by Lasse Hallström
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Incest in film
Medical-themed films
Films set in Maine
Films set in the 1920s
Films set in the 1940s
Films shot in Maine
Films whose writer won the Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award
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text:
Immigrant Song
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Immigrant Song"
Dutch single picture sleeve
Single by Led Zeppelin
from the album Led Zeppelin III
B-side
"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do"
Released
5 November 1970 (1970-11-05) (US)
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
Headley Grange, England, 1970
Genre
Hard rock[1][2]
Viking metal[3]
Length
2:26
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Jimmy Page, Robert Plant
Producer(s)
Jimmy Page
Led Zeppelin singles chronology
"Whole Lotta Love"
(1969) "Immigrant Song"
(1970) "Black Dog"
(1971)
Audio sample
file
help
"Immigrant Song" is a 1970 song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. It is built upon a repeating riff and features lyrical references to Norse mythology, with singer Robert Plant's howling vocals mentioning war-making and Valhalla.[4] The song was included on their third studio album, Led Zeppelin III, and was released as a single, which charted in several countries. Several live recordings have also been issued on Led Zeppelin concert albums and other artists have recorded renditions of the song.
Though regarded as an album-oriented group, "Immigrant Song" is one of the band's several hit records on singles radio,[5] and the song's popularity has led to its featuring in compilation albums by the band such as in 1992's Led Zeppelin Remasters and 1999's Early Days: The Best of Led Zeppelin, Vol. 1.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Composition and lyrics
3 Releases
4 Reception
5 Personnel
6 Live performances
7 Chart positions
7.1 Original release
7.1.1 Weekly charts
7.1.2 Year-end charts
7.2 Digital download
8 Cover versions
9 References
10 External links
Background[edit]
"Immigrant Song" was written during Led Zeppelin's tour of Iceland, Bath and Germany in the summer of 1970. The opening date of this tour took place in Reykjavík, Iceland, which inspired vocalist Robert Plant to write the song. He explained in an interview:
We weren't being pompous ... We did come from the land of the ice and snow. We were guests of the Icelandic Government on a cultural mission. We were invited to play a concert in Reykjavik and the day before we arrived all the civil servants went on strike and the gig was going to be cancelled. The university prepared a concert hall for us and it was phenomenal. The response from the kids was remarkable and we had a great time. 'Immigrant Song' was about that trip and it was the opening track on the album that was intended to be incredibly different.[7]
Six days after Led Zeppelin's appearance in Reykjavik, the band performed the song for the first time in concert during the Bath Festival.[8]
Composition and lyrics[edit]
The song begins with a distinctive, wailing cry from Plant and is built on a repeating, staccato riff by guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. It is performed in the key of F♯ minor at a moderate tempo of 112 beats per minute.[9] There is a very faint count-off at the beginning of the track with lots of hiss which appears on the album version, but is trimmed from the single version. The hiss is feedback from an echo unit.[10]
The song's lyrics are written from the perspective of Vikings rowing west from Scandinavia in search of new lands. The lyrics, such as "Fight the horde, sing and cry, 'Valhalla, I am coming!'" make explicit reference to Viking conquests and the Old Norse religion. In a 1970 radio interview, Plant jokingly recalled, "We went to Iceland, and it made you think of Vikings and big ships ... and John Bonham's stomach ... and bang, there it was – Immigrant Song!"[10]
One of the lines from the song became part of Led Zeppelin lore.[citation needed] The line, "the hammer of the gods/will drive our ships to new lands" prompted some people to start referring to Led Zeppelin's sound as the "Hammer of the Gods".[citation needed] The phrase was used as the title of Stephen Davis' biography of the band, Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga.[11] The lyrics also did much to inspire the classic heavy metal myth, of Viking-esque figures on an adventure, themes which have been adopted in the look and music of bands such as Iron Maiden, Saxon, Manowar and Amon Amarth.[12]
Releases[edit]
"Immigrant Song" is one of Led Zeppelin's few single releases. It was issued in the United States on 5 November 1970 by Atlantic Records and reached number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100.[10] "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do", the single's B-side, was released on the 1972 UK Atlantic Records sampler The New Age of Atlantic and later on the 1990 Led Zeppelin Boxed Set. "Immigrant Song" was also mistakenly released in Japan with "Out on the Tiles" as the B-side rather than "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" and is a rare collectible.[citation needed]
First pressings of the US single have a quote from Aleister Crowley inscribed in dead wax by the run-out groove: "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law."[13]
Reception[edit]
In a contemporary review of Led Zeppelin III, Lester Bangs of Rolling Stone described "Immigrant Song" as the closest to being as classic as "Whole Lotta Love", praising the song's "bulldozer rhythms and Plant's double-tracked wordless vocal crossings echoing behind the main vocal like some cannibal chorus wailing in the infernal light of a savage fertility rite."[14]
Personnel[edit]
Robert Plant – vocals
Jimmy Page – guitar
John Paul Jones – bass guitar
John Bonham – drums
Live performances[edit]
"Immigrant Song" was used to open Led Zeppelin concerts from 1970 to 1972. On the second half of their 1972 concert tour of the United States, it was introduced by a short piece of music known as "LA Drone", designed to heighten the sense of anticipation and expectation amongst the concert audience. By 1973, "Immigrant Song" was occasionally being used as an encore, but was then removed from their live set.[10] Live versions of the song can be heard on the Led Zeppelin albums How the West Was Won (featuring a performance at Long Beach Arena in 1972) and the Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions (a version from the Paris Theatre in London in 1971). When played live, Page played a lengthy guitar solo, which was absent on the recorded Led Zeppelin III version.[10] "Immigrant Song" was played as part of the 2009 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony for Jeff Beck by both Page and Beck.
Chart positions[edit]
Original release[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1970–1971)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[15] 20
Australia (Go-Set National Top 40)[16] 16
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[17] 13
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[18] 4
Denmark (Tipparaden)[19] 3
Germany (Official German Charts)[20] 6
Japan (Oricon)[21] 13
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[22] 11
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[23] 9
New Zealand (RIANZ)[24] 4
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[25] 7
Spain (AFYVE)[26] 9
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[27] 4
US Billboard Hot 100[28] 16
US Cash Box[29] 8
US Record World[30] 10
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Rank
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[31] 92
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[32] 91
Digital download[edit]
Chart (2007)
Peak
position
Canadian (Hot Canadian Digital Singles)[33] 54
UK (Official Charts Company)[34] 109
US Billboard Hot Digital Songs[35] 69
Note: The official UK Singles Chart incorporated legal downloads as of 17 April 2005.
Cover versions[edit]
Main article: List of cover versions of Led Zeppelin songs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hulett, Ralph; Prochnicky, Jerry (2011). Whole Lotta Led: Our Flight With Led Zeppelin. Kensington Publishing Corp. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-8065-3555-5. However, the opener, "Immigrant Song," set a standard for medieval imagery of Viking lust in hard rock.
Jump up ^ "The 40 Greatest Led Zeppelin Songs of All Time: 7 – 'Immigrant Song' (1970)". Rolling Stone. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Popoff, Martin (2003). "Immigrant Song". The Top 500 Heavy Metal Songs of All Time. ECW Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-55022-530-3.
Jump up ^ Curtis, James M. (1987). Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984. Popular Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-87972-369-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Led Zeppelin – Early Days: The Best of Led Zeppelin, Vol. 1". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin Remasters". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Welch, Chris (1994). Led Zeppelin. London: Orion Books. p. 55. ISBN 1-85797-930-3.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Dave; Pallett, Simon (1997). Led Zeppelin: The Concert File. London: Omnibus Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4.
Jump up ^ Fricke, David (2008). Led Zeppelin Mothership. Alfred Publishing Co. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-7390-5317-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lewis, Dave (1994). The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
Jump up ^ Wall, Mick (2010). When Giants Walked the Earth: A Biography of Led Zeppelin. St. Martin's Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4299-8561-1.
Jump up ^ Daniels, Neil (2016). Iron Maiden – Updated Edition. Voyageur Press. pp. 23–26. ISBN 978-0-7603-5254-0.
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin III (Led Zeppelin) Easter Egg - Alastair Crowley in the Dead Wax". Easter Egg. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Bangs, Lester (26 November 1970). "Led Zeppelin III". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – CHART POSITIONS PRE 1989". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Australian charts – 6 March 1971". Go-Set. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Led Zeppelin – Immigrant Song" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 3741." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Immigrant Song – Led Zeppelin". Danske Hitlister. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Led Zeppelin – Immigrant Song". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles – 25 January 1971" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Led Zeppelin - Immigrant Song" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Led Zeppelin – Immigrant Song" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Scapolo, Dean (2007). "Top 50 Singles – May 1971". The Complete New Zealand Music Charts (1st ed.). Wellington: Transpress. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8.
Jump up ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1969 – 1989 Acts (L)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Led Zeppelin – Immigrant Song". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending JANUARY 9, 1971". Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. . Cash Box.
Jump up ^ "The Singles Chart" (PDF). Record World. 16 January 1971. p. 27. ISSN 0034-1622. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "RPM 100 Top Singles of '71". RPM. 8 January 1972. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1971" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hot Digital Singles – 1 December 2007". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 17 January 2009. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin Songs – Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography". Musicvf.com. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "December 1, 2007 – Rdio". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
External links[edit]
"Immigrant Song" at ledzeppelin.com
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Slowly I Turned
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Slowly I Turned" is a popular vaudeville sketch wherein a character is relating a story and is triggered into violent outbursts when the listener inadvertently utters a triggering word or phrase. Versions have also been performed in movies and on television. Comedians Harry Steppe, Joey Faye,[1] and Samuel Goldman[2] each laid claim to this routine, also referred to as "The Stranger with a Kind Face" by clowns, "Niagara Falls" by fans of The Three Stooges[3] and Abbott and Costello, "Martha" by fans of I Love Lucy,[4] "Pokomoko", and "Bagel Street".
Contents
[hide]
1 Routine
2 Depictions
3 See also
4 References
Routine[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The routine features a man recounting the day he took his revenge on his enemy – and becoming so engrossed in his own tale that he attacks the innocent listener to whom he is speaking. The attacker comes to his senses, only to go berserk again when the listener says something that triggers the old memory again.
Typically, the routine has two characters meeting for the first time, with one of them becoming highly agitated over the utterance of particular words. Names and cities (such as Niagara Falls) have been used as the trigger, which then sends the unbalanced person into a state of mania; the implication is that the words have an unpleasant association in the character's past. While the other character merely acts bewildered, the crazed character relives the incident, uttering the words, "Slowly I turned...step by step...inch by inch...," as he approaches the stunned onlooker. Reacting as if this stranger is the object of his rage, the angry character begins hitting or strangling him, until the screams of the victim shake him out of his delusion. The character then apologizes, admitting his irrational reaction to the mention of those certain words. This follows with the victim innocently repeating the words, sparking the insane reaction all over again. This pattern is repeated in various forms, sometimes with the entrance of a third actor, uninformed as to the situation. This third person predictably ends up mentioning the words and setting off the manic character, but with the twist that the second character, not this new third person, is still the recipient of the violence.
Depictions[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Abbott and Costello performed the "Pokomoko" version in their 1944 film Lost in a Harem, and later did a "Niagara Falls" version for their early '50s television show, with Sidney Fields, who played many characters, as the delusional man beating Costello while they were both locked in a jail cell. The television version ended with Costello’s troublesome lawyer, also played by Fields, entering the scene. Costello asks for the lawyer to take the case of the storytelling stranger, and the lawyer says, "Help him out? I don’t know anything about him! What’s his name? Where is he from?" Costello whispers in the Fields' ear, to which he responds aloud, "Niagara Falls?" and then he is immediately attacked. Another variation on the Abbott and Costello Show was the Susquehanna Hat Company/Bagel Street routine, also done as the Floogle Street routine.
The Three Stooges performed the sketch (as part of the show they put on within the movie, as they play performers) in Gents Without Cents, a 1944 short. In their version, the final punchline is that the third character to arrive (played by Larry) is, in fact, the object of the hate of the storyteller (played by Moe). However, even though Curly (who has just been repeatedly beaten up by Moe) eggs him on, Moe refuses to attack Larry and instead they make peace. Curly then says "Niagara Falls" and both Moe and Larry chase him off the stage.

The routine also appears in episode 19, "The Ballet" of season 1 of I Love Lucy, with Lucy playing the stranger with a kind face and a clown playing the storyteller, with the trigger word "Martha".[4] Lucille Ball later performed the "Martha" version on CBS Opening Night in 1963, now playing the vagabond storyteller herself, with Phil Silvers as the stranger with the kind face.[5][6]
Danny Thomas and Joey Faye reprised the routine in Season 8, episode 20 ("Good Old Burlesque") of the Danny Thomas Show. Hawkeye Pierce (played by Alan Alda) references this routine in the second-season M*A*S*H episode "Dr. Pierce and Mr. Hyde", in which the sleep-deprived surgeon insists on responding to an ambulance arrival. Steve Martin's character Rigby Reardon had a similar trigger, the words "cleaning woman", in his film noir homage Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid.
Milton Berle's performance of this routine was played on the Dr. Demento radio show several times using the trigger word "Buffalo".
The lyrics of Native Love by the drag singer Divine are based on this routine,[citation needed] along with Don't Call Me Dude by eclectic thrash metal band Scatterbrain.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Burlesque
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Slowly I Turned": A Piece of America's Pop Culture
Jump up ^ The University of Chicago Library Film Studies
Jump up ^ "The Three Stooges - Slowly I Turned - YouTube". 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "Slowly I Turn - YouTube". 2007-03-05. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
Jump up ^ "Lucy "Slowly I Turn" - YouTube". 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
Jump up ^ "CBS Opening Night 1963 - Slowly I Turn - YouTube". 2011-09-15. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slowly_I_Turned&oldid=833028478"
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Gestation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside viviparous animals. It is typical for mammals, but also occurs for some non-mammals. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time (multiple gestations).
The time interval of a gestation is called the gestation period. In human obstetrics, gestational age refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks. This is approximately the duration since the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mammals
1.1 Humans
2 Non-mammals
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Mammals[edit]
Main article: Pregnancy (mammals)
In mammals, pregnancy begins when a zygote (fertilized ovum) implants in the female's uterus and ends once the fetus leaves the uterus.
On the main article link above, are average and approximate gestation values ordered by number of days (note: human gestational age is counted from the last menstrual period; for other animals the counting method varies, so these figures could be 14 days off)
Humans[edit]
Main article: Pregnancy
Human pregnancy can be divided roughly into three trimesters, each approximately three months long. The first trimester is from the last period to the 13th week, the second trimester is from the 14th to 27th week, and the third trimester is from the 28th week to the 42nd week.[1]
In humans, birth normally occurs at a gestational age of about 40 weeks, though it is common for births to occur from 37 to 42 weeks.[1] After 8 weeks, the embryo is called a fetus.
Non-mammals[edit]
A viviparous animal is an animal employing viviparity: the embryo develops inside the body of the mother, as opposed to outside in an egg (ovipary). The mother then gives live birth. The less developed form of viviparity is called ovoviviparity, which, for instance, occurs in most vipers. The more developed form of viviparity is called placental viviparity; mammals are the best example, but it has also evolved independently in other animals, such as in scorpions, some sharks, and in velvet worms. Viviparous offspring live independently and require an external food supply from birth. Certain lizards also employ this method such as the genera Tiliqua and Corucia. The placenta is attached directly to the mother in these lizards which is called viviparous matrotrophy.
Ovoviviparous animals develop within eggs that remain within the mother's body up until they hatch or are about to hatch. This strategy of birth is known as ovoviviparity. It is similar to vivipary in that the embryo develops within the mother's body. Unlike the embryos of viviparous species, ovoviviparous embryos are nourished by the egg yolk rather than by the mother's body. However, the mother's body does provide gas exchange. Ovoviviparity is the method of reproduction used by many aquatic life forms such as fish and some sharks, reptiles, and invertebrates. The young of ovoviviparous amphibians are sometimes born as larvae, and undergo metamorphosis outside the body of the mother.
The Syngnathidae family of fish has the unique characteristic whereby females lay their eggs in a brood pouch on the male's chest, and the male incubates the eggs. Fertilization may take place in the pouch or before implantation in the water. Included in Syngnathidae are seahorses, the pipefish, and the weedy and leafy sea dragons. Syngnathidae is the only family in the animal kingdom to which the term "male pregnancy" has been applied.[2]
See also[edit]
Evolution of mammals (for the evolution of gestation-related features in humans and other mammals)
Male pregnancy
Nesting instinct
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in fish
Prenatal development
Prenatal nutrition and birth weight
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists - How Your Baby Grows During Pregnancy
Jump up ^ Jones, Adam G.; Avise, John C. (2003-10-14). "Male Pregnancy". Current Biology. 13 (20): R791. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.09.045. PMID 14561416.
NSRL.ttu.edu
External links[edit]
Table listing average animal gestation periods
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gestation&oldid=842568296"
Categories:
Reproduction in mammals
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