text:
Superior vena cava
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Superior vena cava
Veins
Details
Precursor
common cardinal veins
Source
brachiocephalic vein, azygos vein
Identifiers
Latin
vena cava superior, vena maxima
MeSH
A07.231.908.949.815
TA
A12.3.03.001
FMA
4720
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm), yet short, vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm. (Venous return from the lower half, below the diaphragm, flows through the inferior vena cava.) The SVC is located in the anterior right superior mediastinum.[1] It is the typical site of central venous access (CVA) via a central venous catheter or a peripherally inserted central catheter. Mentions of "the cava" without further specification usually refer to the SVC.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure and Course of superior vena cava
2 Clinical significance
3 Additional images
4 See also
5 References
Structure and Course of superior vena cava[edit]
It is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic veins (also referred to as the innominate veins), which also receive blood from the upper limbs, eyes and neck, behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage. It passes vertically downwards behind first intercostal space and receives azygos vein just before it pierces the fibrous pericardium opposite right second costal cartilage and its lower part is intrapericardial. And then, it ends in the upper and posterior part of the sinus venarum of the right atrium, at the upper right front portion of the heart. It is also known as the cranial vena cava in other animals.
No valve divides the superior vena cava from the right atrium. As a result, the (right) atrial and (right) ventricular contractions are conducted up into the internal jugular vein and, through the sternocleidomastoid muscle, can be seen as the jugular venous pressure.
Clinical significance[edit]
Superior vena cava obstruction refers to a partial or complete obstruction of the superior vena cava, typically in the context of cancer such as a cancer of the lung, metastatic cancer, or lymphoma. Obstruction can lead to enlarged veins in the head and neck, and may also cause breathlessness, cough, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. Pemberton's sign may be positive. Tumours causing obstruction may be treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to reduce their effects, and corticosteroids may also be given.[2]
In tricuspid valve regurgitation, these pulsations are very strong. [clarification needed]
Additional images[edit]
Diagram showing completion of development of the parietal veins.
Front view of heart and lungs.
Heart seen from above.
Superior vena cava
Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
The arch of the aorta and its branches.
The brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein, and their tributaries.
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Persistent left superior vena cava
Superior vena cava syndrome
Inferior vena cava
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=463077437&linkID=32255&cook=no
Jump up ^ Britton, the editors Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston ; illustrated by Robert (2010). Davidson's principles and practice of medicine. (21st ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-7020-3085-7.
[hide]
v
t
e
Veins of the thorax and vertebral column
Thorax
Coronary
Coronary sinus
Great cardiac (Left marginal)
Posterior of the left ventricle
Oblique of the left atrium (Ligament of the left vena cava)
Middle cardiac
Small cardiac vein
Anterior cardiac (Right marginal)
Smallest cardiac veins
Right atrial veins
Right ventricular veins
Pulmonary
right inferior pulmonary vein
right superior pulmonary vein
left inferior pulmonary vein
left superior pulmonary vein
superior
vena cava
Brachiocephalic
internal thoracic
anterior intercostal
superior epigastric
left superior intercostal
supreme
vertebral
subclavian
axillary:
lateral thoracic
thoracoepigastric
dorsal scapular
external jugular
pericardiacophrenic
internal jugular
Azygos
right superior intercostal
bronchial
intercostal/posterior intercostal 5-11
accessory hemiazygos/hemiazygos
superior phrenic
Vertebral column
vertebral venous plexuses
external
internal
spinal
posterior
anterior
basivertebral
intervertebral
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superior_vena_cava&oldid=771447599"
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Windows Server 2016
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Windows Server 2016
A version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2016 with Desktop Experience
Developer
Microsoft
OS family
Microsoft Windows
Source model
Closed source and shared source
Released to
manufacturing
26 September 2016; 14 months ago (2016-09-26)[1]
General
availability
12 October 2016; 13 months ago (2016-10-12)[2]
Latest release
1709 (10.0.16299) / 17 October 2017; 61 days ago (2017-10-17)[3]
Latest preview
RS4 (10.0.17035) / 15 November 2017; 32 days ago (2017-11-15)[4]
Update method
Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms
x86-64
Kernel type
Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface
Windows shell (Graphical)
Microsoft PowerShell (Command line)
License
Trialware, Volume licensing, Microsoft Software Assurance, MSDN subscription, Microsoft Imagine
Preceded by
Windows Server 2012 R2 (2013)
Official website
microsoft.com/windowsserver
Support status
Start date: 15 October 2016[5]
Mainstream support: Until 11 January 2022
Extended support: Until 11 January 2027
Windows Server 2016 is a server operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10. The first early preview version (Technical Preview) became available on 1 October 2014 together with the first technical preview of System Center.[6] Windows Server 2016 was released on 26 September 2016 at Microsoft's Ignite conference[1] and became generally available on 12 October 2016.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Features
1.1 Networking features
1.2 Hyper-V
1.3 Nano Server
2 Development
2.1 Preview releases
2.2 Public release
3 Version history
3.1 Technical Preview
3.2 Technical Preview 2
3.3 Technical Preview 3
3.4 Technical Preview 4
3.5 Technical Preview 5
3.6 Release to manufacturing
3.7 Version 1709
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Features[edit]
Windows Server 2016 has a variety of new features, including
Active Directory Federation Services: It is possible to configure AD FS to authenticate users stored in non-AD directories, such as X.500 compliant Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directories and SQL databases.[7]
Windows Defender: Windows Server Antimalware is installed and enabled by default without the GUI, which is an installable Windows feature.[8]
Remote Desktop Services: Support for OpenGL 4.4 and OpenCL 1.1, performance and stability improvements; MultiPoint Services role (see Windows MultiPoint Server)[9]
Storage Services: Central Storage QoS Policies; Storage Replicas (storage-agnostic, block-level, volume-based, synchronous and asynchronous replication using SMB3 between servers for disaster recovery).[10] Storage Replica replicates blocks instead of files; files can be in use. It's not multi-master, not one-to-many and not transitive. It periodically replicates snapshots, and the replication direction can be changed.
Failover Clustering: Cluster operating system rolling upgrade, Storage Replicas[11]
Web Application Proxy: Preauthentication for HTTP Basic application publishing, wildcard domain publishing of applications, HTTP to HTTPS redirection, Propagation of client IP address to backend applications[12]
IIS 10: Support for HTTP/2
Windows PowerShell 5.1[13][14]
Windows Server Containers [15]
Networking features[edit]
DHCP: As Network Access Protection was deprecated in Windows Server 2012 R2, in Windows Server 2016 the DHCP role no longer supports NAP[16]
DNS:
DNS client: Service binding – enhanced support for computers with more than one network interface[17]
DNS Server: DNS policies, new DDS record types (TLSA, SPF, and unknown records), new PowerShell cmdlets and parameters[18]
Windows Server Gateway now supports Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnels[19]
IP address management (IPAM): Support for /31, /32, and /128 subnets; discovery of file-based, domain-joined DNS servers; new DNS functions; better integration of DNS, DHCP, and IP Address (DDI) Management[20]
Network Controller: A new server role to configure, manage, monitor, and troubleshoot virtual and physical network devices and services in the datacentre[21]
Hyper-V Network virtualization: Programmable Hyper-V switch (a new building block of Microsoft's software-defined networking solution); VXLAN encapsulation support; Microsoft Software Load Balancer interoperability; better IEEE Ethernet standard compliance.[22]
Hyper-V[edit]
Rolling Hyper-V cluster update: Unlike upgrading clusters from Windows 2008 R2 to 2012 level, Windows Server 2016 cluster nodes can be added to a Hyper-V Cluster with nodes running Windows Server 2012 R2. The cluster continues to function at a Windows Server 2012 R2 feature level until all of the nodes in the cluster have been upgraded and the cluster functional level has been upgraded.[23]
Storage quality of service (QoS) to centrally monitor end-to-end storage performance and create policies using Hyper-V and Scale-Out File Servers
New, more efficient binary virtual machine configuration format (.VMCX extension for virtual machine configuration data and the .VMRS extension for runtime state data)
Production checkpoints
Hyper-V Manager: Alternate credentials support, down-level management, WS-Management protocol
Integration services for Windows guests distributed through Windows Update
Hot add and remove for network adapters (for generation 2 virtual machines) and memory (for generation 1 and generation 2 virtual machines)
Linux secure boot
Connected Standby compatibility
Storage Resiliency feature of Hyper-V is formed for detecting transitory loss of connectivity to VM storage. VMs will be paused until connectivity is re-established.[24]
RDMA compatible Virtual Switch[25]
Nano Server[edit]
Microsoft announced a new installation option, Nano Server, which offers a minimal-footprint headless version of Windows Server. It excludes the graphical user interface, WoW64 (support for 32-bit software) and Windows Installer. It does not support console login, either locally or via Remote Desktop Connection. All management is performed remotely via Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), Windows PowerShell and Remote Server Management Tools (a collection of web-based GUI and command line tools).[26] However, in Technical Preview 5, Microsoft has re-added the ability to administer Nano Server locally through PowerShell. According to Microsoft engineer Jeffrey Snover, Nano Server has 93% lower VHD size, 92% fewer critical security advisories, and 80% fewer reboots than Windows Server.[27][28]
Nano Server is only available to Microsoft Software Assurance customers[2] and on cloud computing platforms such as Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services.
Starting with the new feature release of Windows Server, version 1709, Nano Server can only be installed inside a container host.[29]
Development[edit]
Microsoft has been reorganized by Satya Nadella, putting the Server and System Center teams together. Previously, the Server team was more closely aligned with the Windows client team. The Azure team is also working closely with the Server team.[30]
In March 2017, Microsoft demonstrated an internal version of Server 2016 running on the ARMv8-A architecture. It was reported that Microsoft was working with Qualcomm Centriq and Cavium ThunderX2 chips. According to James Vincent of The Verge, this decision endangers Intel's dominance of the server CPU market.[31][32][33] However, later inquiry from Microsoft revealed that this version of Windows Server is only for internal use and only impacts subscribers of Microsoft Azure service.[34]
Preview releases[edit]
Main article: Windows Insider
A public beta version of Windows Server 2016 (then still called vNext) branded as "Windows Server Technical Preview" was released on 1 October 2014; the technical preview builds are aimed toward enterprise users. The first Technical Preview was first set to expire on 15 April 2015 but[35] Microsoft later released a tool to extend the expiry date, to last until the second tech preview of the OS in May 2015.[36] The second beta version, "Technical Preview 2", was released on 4 May 2015. Third preview version, "Technical Preview 3" was released on 19 August 2015. "Technical Preview 4" was released on 19 November 2015. "Technical Preview 5" was released on 27 April 2016.
Windows Server 2016 Insider Preview Build 16237 was released to Windows Insiders on 13 July 2017.[37][38]
Public release[edit]
Windows Server 2016 was officially released at Microsoft's Ignite Conference on September 26, 2016. Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2016 is licensed by the number of CPU cores rather than number of CPU sockets—a change that has similarly been adopted by BizTalk Server 2013 and SQL Server 2014.[39] The new licensing structure that has been adopted by Windows Server 2016 has also moved away from the Windows Server 2012/2012R2 CPU socket licensing model in that now the amount of cores covered under one license is limited. Windows Server 2016 Standard and Datacenter core licensing now covers a minimum of 8 core licenses for each physical processor and a minimum of 16 core licenses for each server. Core licenses are sold in packs of two with Standard Edition providing the familiar rights to run 2 virtualized OS environments. If the server goes over 16 core licenses for a 2 processor server additional licenses will now be required with Windows Server 2016. [40]
Version history[edit]
Technical Preview[edit]
Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview, released on 1 October 2014, was the first beta version of the operating system made publicly available. Its version number was 6.4.9841.[6]
Technical Preview 2[edit]
Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 2 was made available on 4 May 2015. Its version number was 10.0.10074. (A similar jump in the most significant part of the version number from 6 to 10 is seen in Windows 10.) Highlights of this version include:[41]
Nano Server installation option[42][43]
Hyper-V: hot add and remove memory and NIC; resilient virtual machines to keep running even when their cluster fabric fails[44]
Rolling upgrades for Hyper-V and Storage clusters[42][44]
Networking: Converged NIC across tenant and RDMA traffic; PacketDirect on 40G[44]
Storage: Virtual Machine Storage Path resiliency; Storage Spaces Direct to aggregate Storage Spaces across multiple servers; Storage Replica[44]
Security: Host Guardian Service, helping to keep trust and isolation boundary between the cloud infrastructure and guest OS layers; Just Enough Administration, restricting users to perform only specific tasks[44]
Management: PowerShell Desired State Configuration; PowerShell Package Manager; Windows Management Framework 5.0 April Preview and DSC Resource Kit[44]
Other: Conditional access control in AD FS; application authentication support for OpenID Connect and OAuth; full OpenGL support with RDS for VDI; Server-side support for HTTP/2, including header compression, connection multiplexing and server push[44]
Installation options: Minimal Server Interface was made default and renamed the Server installation option to “Server with local admin tools”.[45]
Technical Preview 3[edit]
The third technical preview of Windows Server 2016 was made available on 19 August 2015. Its version number was 10.0.10514. Highlights of this version include:
Windows Server Containers[46]
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS): authentication of users stored in Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directories[46]
Installation options: The Server installation option had been renamed to “Server with Desktop Experience” having the shell and Desktop Experience installed by default. Due to the structural changes required to deliver the Desktop Experience on Server, it is no longer possible to convert from Server with Desktop Experience to Server Core or to convert Server Core up to Server with Desktop Experience.[45]
Technical Preview 4[edit]
The fourth technical preview of the operating system was made available on 19 November 2015, one year and one month after the initial technical preview. Its version number was 10.0.10586. Its highlights include:
Nano Server supports the DNS Server and IIS server roles, as well as MPIO, VMM, SCOM, DSC push mode, DCB, Windows Server Installer, and the WMI provider for Windows Update. Its Recovery Console supports editing and repairing the network configuration. A Windows PowerShell module is now available to simplify building Nano Server images.[47]
Hyper-V Containers encapsulates each container in a light weight virtual machine.[47]
Technical Preview 5[edit]
The last technical preview of Windows Server 2016 was made available on 27 April 2016. Its version number was 10.0.14300. Its highlights include:[48]
Mostly general refinements. Greater time accuracy in both physical and virtual machines
Container support adds performance improvements, simplified network management, and support for Windows containers on Windows 10
Nano Server: an updated module for building Nano Server images, including more separation of physical host and guest virtual machine functionality as well as support for different Windows Server editions. Improvements to the Recovery Console, including separation of inbound and outbound firewall rules as well as the ability to repair configuration of WinRM
Networking: traffic to new or existing virtual appliances can now be both mirrored and routed. With a distributed firewall and Network security groups, this enables dynamically segmented and secure workloads in a manner similar to Azure. One can deploy and manage the entire Software-defined networking (SDN) stack using System Center Virtual Machine Manager. Docker can be used to manage Windows Server container networking, and associate SDN policies not only with virtual machines but containers as well
Remote Desktop Services: a highly available RDS deployment can leverage Azure SQL Database for the RD Connection Brokers in high availability mode
Management: ability to run PowerShell.exe locally on Nano Server (no longer remote only), new Local Users & Groups cmdlets to replace the GUI, added PowerShell debugging support, and added support in Nano Server for security logging & transcription and JEA (Just Enough Administration)
Shielded Virtual Machines:
New "Encryption Supported" mode that offers more protections than for an ordinary virtual machine, but less than "Shielded" mode, while still supporting vTPM, disk encryption, Live Migration traffic encryption, and other features, including direct fabric administration conveniences such as virtual machine console connections and Powershell Direct
Full support for converting existing non-shielded Generation 2 virtual machines to shielded virtual machines, including automated disk encryption
Shielded virtual machines are compatible with Hyper-V Replica
Release to manufacturing[edit]
Windows Server 2016 was released to manufacturing on 26 September 2016, bearing the version number of 10.0.14393. (Same version number as Windows 10 Anniversary Update.) Microsoft added the following final touches:
Available for a 180-day evaluation
Fixed Start menu corruptions
Improved user experience and performance
Windows Store apps have been removed
Login screen now has a background
The Windows Hello feature has been added
Dark theme has been added
Version 1709[edit]
Windows Server Core, version 1709 was released on 17 October 2017[49]. This is the first update to Windows Server Core 2016 to fall under the "Semi-Annual Channel" (SAC) release cadence[50]. This is the newest version of Microsoft Windows.
See also[edit]
Microsoft portal
Software portal
Microsoft Servers
Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
History of Microsoft Windows
Comparison of operating systems
List of operating systems
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Chapple, Erin (26 September 2016). "Announcing the launch of Windows Server 2016". Hybrid Cloud. Microsoft.
^ Jump up to: a b c Foley, Mary Jo (12 October 2016). "Microsoft's Windows Server 2016 hits general availability". ZDNet. CBS Interactive.
Jump up ^ "Windows Server, version 1709 available for download!". Microsoft Technet. Microsoft.
Jump up ^ "Announcing Windows Server Insider Preview Build 17035". Windows Blog. Microsoft.
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Product Lifecycle". Microsoft Support. Microsoft. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Announcing availability of Windows Server Technical Preview and System Center Technical Preview". Hybrid Cloud. Microsoft. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Jump up ^ TechNet: Active Directory Federation Services Overview – AD FS in Windows Server Technical Preview
Jump up ^ TechNet: Windows Server Antimalware Overview for Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 19 February 2015)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Remote Desktop Services in the Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Storage Services in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Failover Clustering in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Web Application Proxy in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Windows PowerShell (Updated: 30 September 2014)
Jump up ^ "What's New In Windows Server 2016 Standard Edition Part 9 – Management And Automation". Retrieved 9 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "About Windows Containers". Retrieved 1 November 2016.
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in DHCP in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in DNS Client in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in DNS Server in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: GRE Tunneling in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 1 October 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in IPAM in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 6 February 2015)
Jump up ^ TechNet: Network Controller (Updated: 18 December 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Hyper-V Network Virtualization in Windows Server Technical Preview (Updated: 11 March 2015)
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Hyper-V in Technical Preview (Updated: 12 November 2014)
Jump up ^ TechNet Wiki: Hyper-V Features in Windows Server 2016
Jump up ^ "Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) and Switch Embedded Teaming (SET)". Microsoft. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Jindal, Kriti (9 February 2016). "Introducing Server management tools". Nano Server Blog. Microsoft.
Jump up ^ Neil, Mike (8 April 2015). "Microsoft Announces New Container Technologies for the Next Generation Cloud". Server & Cloud Blog. Microsoft.
Jump up ^ Snover, Jeffrey; Mason, Andrew; Back, Alan (8 April 2015). "Microsoft Announces Nano Server for Modern Apps and Cloud". Windows Server Blog. Microsoft.
Jump up ^ Changes to Nano Server in the next release of Windows Server
Jump up ^ Patrizio, Andy (10 February 2015). "Microsoft to release next generation of Windows Server in 2016". Network World. IDG.
Jump up ^ Vincent, James (9 March 2017). "Microsoft unveils new ARM server designs, threatening Intel's dominance". The Verge. Vox Media.
Jump up ^ Foley, Mary Jo (8 March 2017). "Windows Server on ARM: It's happening". ZDNet. CBS Interactive.
Jump up ^ Bright, Peter (8 March 2017). "Microsoft's latest open source servers shown off with Intel, AMD, and even ARM chips". Ars Technica. Condé Nast.
Jump up ^ Foley, Mary Jo (10 March 2017). "Microsoft's Windows Server on ARM move: More questions and answers". ZDNet. CBS Interactive.
Jump up ^ Windows IT Pro: Windows Server Technical Preview expires 15 April 2015
Jump up ^ Neowin: Second tech preview of Windows Server 2016 coming next month
Jump up ^ RedmondMag: Windows Server 'Insider' Testing Program Coming This Summer
Jump up ^ "Announcing Windows Server Insider Preview Build 16237". Windows Blog. Microsoft.
Jump up ^ Bright, Peter (December 4, 2015). "Windows Server 2016 moving to per core, not per socket, licensing". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Microsoft (2017). "Windows Server 2016 Licensing Datasheet - Microsoft" (PDF). Microsoft. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Berkouwer, Sander (May 5, 2015). "Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 2 now available". The things that are better left unspoken.
^ Jump up to: a b The Register: Try to contain your joy: Microsoft emits Windows Server 2016 with nano-services
Jump up ^ WinBeta: Microsoft shows off what's new in Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 2
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Windows Server Blog: What’s new in Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 2
^ Jump up to: a b Windows Server Blog: Windows Server 2016 Installation Option Changes
^ Jump up to: a b TechNet: What's New in Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 3
^ Jump up to: a b Anderson, Kareem (19 November 2015). "Microsoft has released Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4". WinBeta.
Jump up ^ TechNet: What's New in Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 5
Jump up ^ Windows Server, version 1709 available for download
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Til I Hear It from You
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Til I Hear It from You"
Single by Gin Blossoms
from the album Empire Records OST and Outside Looking In: The Best of the Gin Blossoms
Released
September 21, 1995
Format
CD maxi single
Recorded
Ardent Studios 1995
Genre
Jangle pop, alternative rock
Length
3:47
Label
A&M
Songwriter(s)
Jesse Valenzuela, Robin Wilson, Marshall Crenshaw
Producer(s)
John Hampton
Gin Blossoms singles chronology
"Allison Road"
(1994) "Til I Hear It from You"
(1995) "Follow You Down"
(1996)
"Allison Road"
(1994) "Til I Hear It from You"
(1995) "Follow You Down"
(1996)
Audio sample
file
help
"Follow You Down/
Til I Hear It from You"
Single by Gin Blossoms
A-side
"Follow You Down"
B-side
"Til I Hear It from You"
Released
January 1996
Format
7" single
Recorded
Ardent Studios 1995
Genre
Jangle pop, alternative rock
Length
3:47
Label
A&M (US), Fontana (UK)
Songwriter(s)
Jesse Valenzuela, Robin Wilson, Marshall Crenshaw
Producer(s)
John Hampton
Gin Blossoms singles chronology
"Allison Road"
(1994) ""Til I Hear It from You" / "Follow You Down""
(1996) "Day Job"
(1996)
"Allison Road"
(1994) "Til I Hear It from You"/
"Follow You Down"
(1996) "Day Job"
(1996)
"Til I Hear It from You" is a track by the Gin Blossoms which was released as the lead single from the soundtrack to the film Empire Records in August 1995. In January 1996 the track was re-released as a double-A side single with the track "Follow You Down". Billboard magazine described "Til I Hear It from You" as "the closest thing to a perfect pop song to hit radio in recent memory" lauding its "breezy and wonderfully infectious melody, the boy-needs-girl lyrics, and the earnest execution."[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and Empire Records soundtrack
2 Release history
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Other versions
5 References
6 External links
Writing and Empire Records soundtrack[edit]
Gin Blossoms' guitarist Jesse Valenzuela would recall writing the song with Marshall Crenshaw in a hotel in Austin, Texas where the Gin Blossoms and Crenshaw were both participating in South by Southwest.[2] According to Crenshaw "Jesse Valenzuela had started the music and asked me to help him finish it. We didn't know each other but he sought me out...The verse melody is from me - I helped him figure out how to do the ending, the fade. [Gin Blossoms frontman] Robin Wilson wrote the lyrics, and I didn't even meet him until after I'd already heard the record on the radio."[3]
Mitchell Leib, co-executive producer of the Empire Records soundtrack, would recall: "[With] so many other alternative [music] soundtracks out there, we had a tough time finding [a strong lead] single. I was chasing the Gin Blossoms for a while: [the group's label] A&M was interested, but they didn't want to lend them to us." Regency Enterprises, producers of the Empire Records film, had a distribution pact with Warner Bros and the film's soundtrack was originally attached to the Warner Bros affiliate Atlantic Records: Leib - "The only way to get [the Gin Blossoms] was to move [the soundtrack] to A&M."[4]
Gin Blossoms lead vocalist Robin Wilson would recall: "Empire Records [is] a classic film that only a handful of people really saw, but it definitely made an impact on that generation. It was really cool to have been a part of that and to have co-written a song with Marshall Crenshaw that went to the top of the charts. It was the peak of our career, and it was at the peak of the machinery that was operating. A&M was so in tune, and so good at what they were doing that we recorded the song, made a video, and it was on the radio in like four months. It was an amazing experience putting that song together on so many levels. It was rewarding to co-write a song with one of my heroes and for it to succeed on that level and be part of a system that worked so well. It was a once in a lifetime experience, really."[5]
Release history[edit]
The original September 21, 1995 US single release "Til I Hear It from You" was as the headline track on a four track CD maxi single formatted as below: "Til I Hear It from You" was identified as "the LP Version" and "taken from the forthcoming A&M CD Congratulations I'm Sorry". In fact when the album Congratulations I'm Sorry had its US release February 13, 1996, "Til I Hear It from You" was not a featured track.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Til I Hear It from You" 3:52
2. "Seeing Stars" 3:53
3. "Idiot Summer" 4:09
4. "Hands Are Tied" 3:16
John Hampton, the Ardent Studios in-house producer who co-produced the Gin Blossoms recordings, would recall: "'Til I Hear It from You' not only sold the Empire [Records] soundtrack record, but it reinvigorated sales of [Gin Blossoms' debut album] New Miserable...There was money EVERYWHERE!! And we were so fired up about the [follow-up album's prospective] sales with the inclusion of 'Til I Hear It...', we thought [that album] was going to be huge. But...we could not have 'Til I Hear It from You' for [the second Gin Blossoms album] because the label that released the Empire Records soundtrack was justifiably concerned that the A&M sales might dwarf their soundtrack record sales." [6] As the Empire Records soundtrack album was in fact also issued on A&M, any conflict of interest concern which prevented inclusion of the track "Til I Hear It from You" on the second Gin Blossoms' album Congratulations I'm Sorry would not have been a record label issue.
In a 2016 interview in which he said "It was kind of a silly decision" to leave "Til I Hear It from You" off Congratulations I’m Sorry, Jesse Valenzuela attributed the decision to an insistence on inclusion only of material written wholly by group members: "I remember being of [two] minds: [that] maybe it [should or] shouldn’t be on the [group's own album]...I don't think that the label was standing in the way of it...It was more [the band's] management than anything. We had pretty rough management at the time." [7]
"Til I Hear It from You" was a featured track on all evident editions of the Congratulations I'm Sorry album released in territories other than the US, these editions - including those released in Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, and the UK - omit the track "7th Inning Stretch" which was featured on the album's original US edition.
"Til I Hear It from You" began receiving radio airplay in August 1995, appearing that year on the Adult Contemporary chart in Billboard magazine - with a December peak of #5 - and also appearing on both the magazine's Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks in with respective chart peaks of #4 and #5 in September. The track did not appear on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995 or early 1996 due to the track not originally being available in a format then eligible for Hot 100 ranking. In Canada "Til I Hear It from You" reached #1 on the singles chart dated September 25, 1995, based on airplay: the track became Canada's longest-running #1 hit of 1995, its #1 tenure being six weeks.
When the advance single from Congratulations I'm Sorry, "Follow You Down", was issued as a single in January 1996, "Til I Hear It from You" served as B-side. Both featured sides debuted as a double A-side hit, identified as "Til I Hear It from You"/ "Follow You Down", on the Hot 100 dated February 10, 1996, with the single becoming the Gin Blossoms' first Top 20 single with its #12 debut. The positioning of the titles of the single's two sides in its debut Hot 100 ranking, with "Til I Hear It from You" appearing first, was due to the current airplay for "Til I Hear It from You" being heavier, and on the subsequent two weeks' Hot 100 charts the single, ranked both weeks at #11, again appeared as "Til I Hear It from You"/ "Follow You Down": as of the Hot 100 chart dated March 6, 1996 the single's ranking appeared as "Follow You Down"/ "Til I Hear It from You", "Follow You Down" now being the favored airplay side. As the single's highest Hot 100 position with "Til I Hear It from You" acknowledged first was #11 that peak position is generally cited as the Hot 100 peak for "Til I Hear It from You": however, the Hot 100 continued to rank both "Follow You Down" and "Til I Hear It from You" as a double A-side hit throughout the single's 46-week chart tenure, and the highest Hot 100 position attained by "Follow You Down"/ "Til I Hear It from You" was #9 where it held for four weeks in March 1996.
"Follow You Down" was also issued January 23, 1996 as the headline track on a four-track CD maxi single which featured "Til I Hear It from You" plus two tracks from the "Til I Hear It from You" CD maxi single release of September 1995: "Seeing Stars" and "Idiot Summer". ("Idiot Summer" was also included on the soundtrack to Wayne's World 2.)
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1995-96)
Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[8] 1
Canada Rock/Alternative (RPM)[9] 2
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[10] 29
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[11] 39
US Billboard Hot 100[12]
As double A-side with "Follow You Down" 9
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[13] 5
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[14] 3
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[15] 5
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[16] 4
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[17] 5
US Radio Songs (Billboard)[18] 8
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1995)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[19] 6
Chart (1996)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[20]
As double A-side with "Follow You Down" 15
Preceded by
"Only Wanna Be with You" by Hootie & the Blowfish Canadian RPM Top Singles number-one single
September 25, 1995 – October 30, 1995 Succeeded by
"Back for Good" by Take That
Other versions[edit]
America remade "Til I Hear It from You" for their 2012 release, Back Pages, a cover album that according to group member Gerry Beckley comprises "killer songs that are great examples that come from our best songwriters. In the case of the Gin Blossoms [cover], it just so happens that Marshall [Crenshaw] co-wrote the song. I think the song stands on its own, and I love their version of it."[21] It was Gerry Beckley who suggested "Til I Hear It from You" for the Back Pages project to his group co-member Dewey Bunnell, who had been unfamiliar with the song.[22] "Til I Hear It from You" is one of three songs from Back Pages which America has added to its regular live set list - the others being "Time of the Season" and "Woodstock".
Dale Ann Bradley remade "Til I Hear It from You" for her 2015 album Pocket Full of Keys. Personnel on the track include Michael Cleveland on fiddle, Phil Leadbetter on resonator guitar, and Steve Thomas on guitar and mandolin.[23]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Flick, Larry (August 5, 1995), "Single reviews: Pop". Billboard. 107 (31):73,
Jump up ^ Valenzuela, Jesse (September 8, 2013). "Round Trip With Dave O'" (Interview). Interview with Dave O'. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Songwriter Interviews: Marshall Crenshaw". Songfacts. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "A&M soundtrack plants hopes with the Gin Blossoms". Billboard. 107 (31): 1. 1995.
Jump up ^ "From No Chocolate Cake to a Reckoning: Conversations with Gin Blossoms, Luke Doucet, & Tony Lunn". The Huffington Post. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "John Hampton Recalls Gin Blossoms Success". MemphisFlyer.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Keil, Jason (July 13, 2016). "The Gin Blossoms Released Their First Album After Doug Hopkins' Death 20 Years Ago". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2775." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Rock/Alternative Tracks: Issue 2759." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Alternative Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Mainstream Rock)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gin Blossoms Chart History (Radio Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1995". RPM. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Songs of 1996 - Billboard Year End Charts". Retrieved 21 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "America Goes Under Cover With Album of Favorites". GoldMineMag.com. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Q & A with Gerry Beckley & Dewey Bunnell". VenturaHighway.com. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Til I Hear It From You from Dale Ann Bradley". BluegrassToday.com. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
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Gin Blossoms
Bill Leen
Jesse Valenzuela
Robin Wilson
Scott "Scotty" Johnson
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"Miss Disarray"
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List of 24 Hours of Le Mans winners
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Nine-time Le Mans winner, Danish driver Tom Kristensen
The 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 heures du Mans) is the world's oldest sports car endurance race and one of the most famous and influential in motorsports history.
The overall winners of all events since 1923 are listed here. The race has been run every year since its inception with the exception of 1936, where the race was not run due to worker strikes, and 1940 to 1948, due to World War II. Records for wins are also listed. Lower class wins are not included.
136 total drivers have won in the eighty-six runnings of the event.
Contents
1 Winners
2 Records
2.1 Drivers
2.1.1 Most wins
2.1.2 Most consecutive wins
2.1.3 Winning drivers per nation
2.1.4 Total wins per nation
2.2 Constructors
2.2.1 Most wins
2.2.2 Most consecutive wins
2.2.3 By nationality
2.3 Motive Power
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Winners[edit]
Year
Drivers
Team
Car
Tyre
Laps
Distance
Championship
2018
Sébastien Buemi
Fernando Alonso
Kazuki Nakajima Toyota Gazoo Racing Toyota TS050 Hybrid M 388 5286.888 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2017
Timo Bernhard
Brendon Hartley
Earl Bamber Porsche LMP Team Porsche 919 Hybrid M 367 5001.834 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2016
Romain Dumas
Neel Jani
Marc Lieb Porsche Team Porsche 919 Hybrid M 384 5233.53 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2015
Nico Hülkenberg
Earl Bamber
Nick Tandy Porsche Team Porsche 919 Hybrid M 395 5383.46 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2014
Marcel Fässler
André Lotterer
Benoît Tréluyer Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R18 e-tron quattro M 379 5165.39 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2013
Tom Kristensen
Allan McNish
Loïc Duval Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R18 e-tron quattro M 348 4742.89 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2012
Marcel Fässler
André Lotterer
Benoît Tréluyer Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R18 e-tron quattro M 378 5151.76 km FIA World Endurance Championship
2011
Marcel Fässler
André Lotterer
Benoît Tréluyer Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R18 TDI M 355 4838.30 km Intercontinental Le Mans Cup
2010
Mike Rockenfeller
Timo Bernhard
Romain Dumas Audi Sport North America Audi R15 TDI plus M 397 5410.71 km
2009
David Brabham
Marc Gené
Alexander Wurz Peugeot Sport Total Peugeot 908 HDi FAP M 382 5206.28 km
2008
Tom Kristensen
Allan McNish
Rinaldo Capello Audi Sport North America Audi R10 TDI M 381 5192.65 km
2007
Frank Biela
Emanuele Pirro
Marco Werner Audi Sport North America Audi R10 TDI M 369 5036.85 km
2006
Frank Biela
Emanuele Pirro
Marco Werner Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R10 TDI M 380 5187 km
2005
JJ Lehto
Marco Werner
Tom Kristensen ADT Champion Racing Audi R8 M 370 5050.5 km
2004
Seiji Ara
Tom Kristensen
Rinaldo Capello Audi Sport Japan Team Goh Audi R8 M 379 5169.9 km
2003
Tom Kristensen
Rinaldo Capello
Guy Smith Team Bentley Bentley Speed 8 M 377 5146.05 km
2002
Frank Biela
Tom Kristensen
Emanuele Pirro Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R8 M 375 5118.75 km
2001
Frank Biela
Tom Kristensen
Emanuele Pirro Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R8 M 321 4381.65 km
2000
Frank Biela
Tom Kristensen
Emanuele Pirro Audi Sport Team Joest Audi R8 M 368 5007.99 km
1999
Pierluigi Martini
Yannick Dalmas
Joachim Winkelhock Team BMW Motorsport BMW V12 LMR M 365 4968 km
1998
Laurent Aïello
Allan McNish
Stéphane Ortelli Porsche AG Porsche 911 GT1-98 M 351 4773.18 km
1997
Michele Alboreto
Stefan Johansson
Tom Kristensen Joest Racing TWR Porsche WSC-95 G 361 4909.6 km
1996
Manuel Reuter
Davy Jones
Alexander Wurz Joest Racing TWR Porsche WSC-95 G 354 4814.4 km
1995
Yannick Dalmas
JJ Lehto
Masanori Sekiya Kokusai Kaihatsu Racing McLaren F1 GTR M 298 4055.8 km
1994
Yannick Dalmas
Hurley Haywood
Mauro Baldi Le Mans Porsche Team Dauer 962 Le Mans G 344 4678.4 km
1993
Geoff Brabham
Christophe Bouchut
Éric Hélary Peugeot Talbot Sport Peugeot 905 Evo 1B M 375 5100 km
1992
Derek Warwick
Yannick Dalmas
Mark Blundell Peugeot Talbot Sport Peugeot 905 Evo 1B M 352 4787.2 km World Sportscar Championship
1991
Volker Weidler
Johnny Herbert
Bertrand Gachot Mazdaspeed Co. Ltd. Mazda 787B D 362 4922.81 km World Sportscar Championship
1990
John Nielsen
Price Cobb
Martin Brundle Silk Cut Jaguar Jaguar XJR-12 G 359 4882.4 km
1989
Jochen Mass
Manuel Reuter
Stanley Dickens Team Sauber Mercedes Sauber C9-Mercedes-Benz M 389 5265.115 km
1988
Jan Lammers
Johnny Dumfries
Andy Wallace Silk Cut Jaguar Jaguar XJR-9LM D 394 5332.97 km World Sports Prototype Championship
1987
Derek Bell
Hans-Joachim Stuck
Al Holbert Rothmans Porsche AG Porsche 962C D 354 4791.9 km World Sports Prototype Championship
1986
Derek Bell
Hans-Joachim Stuck
Al Holbert Rothmans Porsche AG Porsche 962C D 367 4972.731 km World Sports Prototype Championship
1985
Klaus Ludwig
Paolo Barilla
"John Winter" Joest Racing Porsche 956 D 373 5088.507 km World Endurance Championship
1984
Klaus Ludwig
Henri Pescarolo Joest Racing Porsche 956 D 359 4900.276 km World Endurance Championship
1983
Vern Schuppan
Al Holbert
Hurley Haywood Rothmans Porsche Porsche 956 D 370 5047.934 km World Endurance Championship
1982
Jacky Ickx
Derek Bell Rothmans Porsche System Porsche 956 D 359 4899.086 km World Endurance Championship
1981
Jacky Ickx
Derek Bell Porsche System Porsche 936 D 354 4825.348 km World Endurance Championship
1980
Jean Rondeau
Jean-Pierre Jaussaud Jean Rondeau Rondeau M379B-Ford Cosworth G 338 4608.02 km World Championship for Makes
1979
Klaus Ludwig
Bill Whittington
Don Whittington Porsche Kremer Racing Porsche 935 K3 D 307 4173.93 km
1978
Jean-Pierre Jaussaud
Didier Pironi Alpine Renault Renault Alpine A442B M 369 5044.53 km
1977
Jacky Ickx
Hurley Haywood
Jürgen Barth Martini Racing Porsche System Porsche 936/77 D 342 4671.83 km
1976
Jacky Ickx
Gijs van Lennep Martini Racing Porsche System Porsche 936 G 349 4769.923 km
1975
Jacky Ickx
Derek Bell Gulf Research Racing Co. Mirage GR8-Ford Cosworth G 336 4594.577 km
1974
Henri Pescarolo
Gérard Larrousse Equipe Gitanes Matra MS670C G 337 4606.571 km World Championship for Makes
1973
Henri Pescarolo
Gérard Larrousse Equipe Matra-Simca Shell Matra MS670B G 355 4853.945 km World Championship for Makes
1972
Henri Pescarolo
Graham Hill Equipe Matra-Simca Shell Matra MS670 G 344 4691.343 km World Championship for Makes
1971
Helmut Marko
Gijs van Lennep Martini Racing Team Porsche 917K F 397 5335.313 km International Championship for Makes
1970
Hans Herrmann
Richard Attwood Porsche KG Salzburg Porsche 917K G 343 4607.81 km International Championship for Makes
1969
Jacky Ickx
Jackie Oliver J.W. Automotive Engineering Ford GT40 Mk. I F 372 4997.88 km International Championship for Makes
1968
Pedro Rodríguez
Lucien Bianchi J.W. Automotive Engineering Ford GT40 Mk. I F 331 4452.88 km International Championship for Makes
1967
Dan Gurney
A. J. Foyt Shelby-American Inc. Ford GT40 Mk. IV G 388 5232.9 km International Championship for Sports-Prototypes
International Championship for Sports Cars
1966
Bruce McLaren
Chris Amon Shelby-American Inc. Ford GT40 Mk. II G 360 4843.09 km International Championship for Sports-Prototypes
International Championship for Sports Cars
1965
Jochen Rindt
Masten Gregory
Ed Hugus North American Racing Team Ferrari 250LM G 348 4677.11 km International Championship for GT Manufacturers
1964
Jean Guichet
Nino Vaccarella SpA Ferrari SEFAC Ferrari 275P D 349 4695.31 km International Championship for GT Manufacturers
1963
Ludovico Scarfiotti
Lorenzo Bandini SpA Ferrari SEFAC Ferrari 250P D 339 4561.71 km International Championship for GT Manufacturers
1962
Olivier Gendebien
Phil Hill SpA Ferrari SEFAC Ferrari 330 TRI/LM Spyder D 331 4451.255 km International Championship for GT Manufacturers
1961
Olivier Gendebien
Phil Hill Scuderia Ferrari Ferrari 250 TRI/61 D 333 4476.58 km World Sportscar Championship
1960
Olivier Gendebien
Paul Frère Scuderia Ferrari Ferrari 250 TR59/60 D 314 4217.527 km World Sportscar Championship
1959
Carroll Shelby
Roy Salvadori David Brown Racing Dept. Aston Martin DBR1 A 323 4347.9 km World Sportscar Championship
1958
Olivier Gendebien
Phil Hill Scuderia Ferrari Ferrari 250 TR58 E 305 4101.926 km World Sportscar Championship
1957
Ron Flockhart
Ivor Bueb Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar D-Type D 327 4397.108 km World Sportscar Championship
1956
Ron Flockhart
Ninian Sanderson Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar D-Type D 300 4034.939 km
1955
Mike Hawthorn
Ivor Bueb Jaguar Cars Ltd. Jaguar D-Type D 307 4135.38 km World Sportscar Championship
1954
José Froilán González
Maurice Trintignant Scuderia Ferrari Ferrari 375 Plus P 302 4061.15 km World Sportscar Championship
1953
Tony Rolt
Duncan Hamilton Jaguar Cars Ltd. Jaguar C-Type D 304 4088.064 km World Sportscar Championship
1952
Hermann Lang
Fritz Riess Daimler-Benz A.G. Mercedes-Benz W194 C 277 3733.839 km
1951
Peter Walker
Peter Whitehead Peter Walker Jaguar XK-120C D 267 3611.193 km
1950
Louis Rosier
Jean-Louis Rosier Louis Rosier Talbot Lago Grand Sport T26 D 256 3465.12 km
1949
Luigi Chinetti
Peter Mitchell-Thomson Lord Selsdon Ferrari 166MM E 235 3178.299 km
1940
to
1948
Races cancelled for World War II and French reconstruction
1939
Jean-Pierre Wimille
Pierre Veyron Jean-Pierre Wimille Bugatti Type 57S Tank D 248 3354.76 km
1938
Eugène Chaboud
Jean Trémoulet Eugène Chaboud / Jean Trémoulet Delahaye 135CS D 235 3180.94 km
1937
Jean-Pierre Wimille
Robert Benoist Roger Labric Bugatti Type 57G Tank D 243 3287.938 km
1936
Race cancelled due to workers strike
1935
Johnny Hindmarsh
Luis Fontés Arthur W. Fox / Charles Nichol Lagonda M45R Rapide D 222 3006.797 km
1934
Luigi Chinetti
Philippe Étancelin Luigi Chinetti / Philippe Étancelin Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 E 213 2886.938 km
1933
Raymond Sommer
Tazio Nuvolari Soc. Anon. Alfa Romeo Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 E 233 3144.038 km
1932
Raymond Sommer
Luigi Chinetti Raymond Sommer Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 E 218 2954.038 km
1931
Earl Howe
Henry Birkin Earl Howe Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 D 184 3017.654 km
1930
Woolf Barnato
Glen Kidston Bentley Motors Ltd. Bentley Speed Six D 179 2930.663 km
1929
Woolf Barnato
Henry Birkin Bentley Motors Ltd. Bentley Speed Six D 174 2843.83 km
1928
Woolf Barnato
Bernard Rubin Bentley Motors Ltd. Bentley 4½ Litre D 154 2669.272 km
1927
Dudley Benjafield
Sammy Davis Bentley Motors Ltd. Bentley 3 Litre Super Sport D 137 2369.807 km
1926
Robert Bloch
André Rossignol No Team Name Lorraine-Dietrich B3-6 D 147 2552.414 km
1925
Gérard de Courcelles
André Rossignol No Team Name Lorraine-Dietrich B3-6 D 129 2233.982 km
1924
John Duff
Frank Clement Duff & Aldington Bentley 3 Litre Sport D 120 2077.341 km
1923
André Lagache
René Léonard Chenard & Walcker SA Chenard & Walcker Sport 3-Litre M 128 2209.536 km
Records[edit]
Six-time Le Mans winner, Belgian driver Jacky Ickx
Five-time Le Mans winners: British driver Derek Bell (left), German driver Frank Biela (center), Italian driver Emanuele Pirro (right).
Drivers[edit]
Most wins[edit]
Rank
Driver
Wins
Years
1
Tom Kristensen 9 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2013
2
Jacky Ickx 6 1969, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1982
3
Derek Bell 5 1975, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1987
Frank Biela 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007
Emanuele Pirro 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007
6
Olivier Gendebien 4 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962
Henri Pescarolo 1972, 1973, 1974, 1984
Yannick Dalmas 1992, 1994, 1995, 1999
Most consecutive wins[edit]
Rank
Driver
Consecutive
Wins
Years
1
Tom Kristensen 6 2000 - 2005
2
Woolf Barnato 3 1928 - 1930
Olivier Gendebien 1960 - 1962
Henri Pescarolo 1972 - 1974
Jacky Ickx 1975 - 1977
Emanuele Pirro 2000 - 2002
Frank Biela 2000 - 2002
Marco Werner 2005 - 2007
Winning drivers per nation[edit]
Rank
Nation
Winning
Drivers
1
United Kingdom 32
2
France 29
3
Germany 19
4
United States 12[1]
5
Italy 11[1]
6
Belgium 5
7
Australia 4
New Zealand
9
Austria 3
Japan
Switzerland
12
Denmark 2
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
16
Argentina 1
Canada
Finland
Mexico
Total wins per nation[edit]
Rank
Nation
Wins
1
France 43
2
United Kingdom 42
3
Germany 31
4
United States 18
Italy
6
Belgium 13
7
Denmark 10
8
New Zealand 5
Switzerland
10
Austria 4
Australia
12
Netherlands 3
Japan
14
Finland 2
Spain
Sweden
17
Argentina 1
Canada
Mexico
Constructors[edit]
Most wins[edit]
Rank
Constructor
Wins
Years
1
Porsche 19 1970-1971, 1976-1977, 1979, 1981-1987, 1994,[2] 1996-1998,[3] 2015-2017
2
Audi 13 2000-2002, 2004-2008, 2010-2014
3
Ferrari 9 1949, 1954, 1958, 1960-1965
4
Jaguar 7 1951, 1953, 1955-1957, 1988, 1990
5
Bentley 6 1924, 1927-1930, 2003
6
Alfa Romeo 4 1931-1934
Ford 1966-1969
8
Matra-Simca 3 1972-1974
Peugeot 1992-1993, 2009
10
Lorraine-Dietrich 2 1925-1926
Bugatti 1937, 1939
12
Chenard & Walcker 1 1923
Lagonda 1935
Delahaye 1938
Talbot-Lago 1950
Mercedes-Benz 1952
Aston Martin 1959
Mirage 1975
Renault-Alpine 1978
Rondeau 1980
Sauber-Mercedes 1989 [4]
Mazda 1991
McLaren 1995
BMW 1999
Toyota 2018
Most consecutive wins[edit]
Rank
Constructor
Consecutive
Wins
Years
1
Porsche 7 1981 - 1987
2
Ferrari 6 1960 - 1965
3
Audi 5 2004 - 2008
Audi 2010 - 2014
5
Bentley 4 1927 - 1930
Alfa Romeo 1931 - 1934
Ford 1966 - 1969
8
Jaguar 3 1955 - 1957
Matra-Simca 1972 - 1974
Porsche 1996 - 1998
Audi 2000 - 2002
Porsche 2015 - 2017
13
Lorraine-Dietrich 2 1925 - 1926
Porsche 1970 - 1971
Porsche 1976 - 1977
Peugeot 1992 - 1993
By nationality[edit]
Nation
Win(s)
Constructor(s)
1
Germany 34 4
2
United Kingdom 17 6
3
France 15 9
4
Italy 13 2
5
United States 4 1
6 Japan 2 2
7 Switzerland 1 [4] 1
Motive Power[edit]
By engine type
Format
Wins
Naturally Aspirated
Forced Induction
Gasoline
Diesel
Hybrid
V12 20 16 4 16 4 0
Inline 6 14 14 0 14 0 0
Flat 6 14 0 14 14 0 0
V8 13 6 7 13 0 0
Inline 8 6 1 5 6 0 0
V6 5 1 5 1 4 4
Inline 4 4 4 0 4 0 0
V10 3 2 1 2 1 0
V4 3 0 3 3 0 3
Flat 12 2 2 0 2 0 0
4 Rotor 1 1 0 1 0 0
Total 85 47 38 76 9 7
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Luigi Chinetti won Le Mans initially as an Italian, but later won as an American. His wins are included for both countries.
Jump up ^ The 1994 victory is listed with Porsche, although Dauer Sportwagen was the official constructor of the road car, a Porsche 962 heavily modified for street use and race homologation.
Jump up ^ The 1996 and 1997 victories are listed with Porsche, although the car was built by TWR on a modified Jaguar XJR-14 chassis, fitted with a Porsche 962 engine.
^ Jump up to: a b The ACO attributed the 1989 victory to the Swiss constructor Sauber
References[edit]
(in French) Le Mans 1965 in Automobile Historique n°48 May 2005
(in French) 24 heures du Mans 1973 in Automobile Historique n°49 June/July 2005
External links[edit]
Le Mans official site
Le Mans winners, history
Results pages
Le Mans Register
Le Mans History All the cars, drivers, classifications, history, photos
show
v
t
e
Winners of the 24 Hours of Le Mans
Nine-time
Tom Kristensen
Six-time
Jacky Ickx
Five-time
Derek Bell
Frank Biela
Emanuele Pirro
Four-time
Yannick Dalmas
Olivier Gendebien
Henri Pescarolo
Three-time
Woolf Barnato
Rinaldo Capello
Luigi Chinetti
Marcel Fässler
Hurley Haywood
Phil Hill
Al Holbert
André Lotterer
Klaus Ludwig
Allan McNish
Benoît Tréluyer
Marco Werner
Two-time
Earl Bamber
Timo Bernhard
Tim Birkin
Ivor Bueb
Romain Dumas
Ron Flockhart
Jean-Pierre Jaussaud
Gérard Larrousse
JJ Lehto
Manuel Reuter
André Rossignol
Raymond Sommer
Hans-Joachim Stuck
Gijs van Lennep
Jean-Pierre Wimille
Alexander Wurz
One-time
Aïello
Alboreto
Alonso
Amon
Ara
Attwood
Baldi
Bandini
Barilla
Barth
Benjafield
Benoist
Bianchi
Bloch
Blundell
Bouchut
D. Brabham
G. Brabham
Brundle
Buemi
Chaboud
Clement
Cobb
Davis
de Courcelles
Dickens
Duff
Dumfries
Duval
Étancelin
Fontés
Foyt
Frère
Gachot
Gené
González
Gregory
Guichet
Gurney
Hamilton
Hartley
Hawthorn
Hélary
Herbert
Herrmann
G. Hill
Hindmarsh
Howe
Hülkenberg
Jani
Johansson
Jones
Kidston
Krages
Lagache
Lammers
Lang
Léonard
Lieb
Marko
Martini
Mass
McLaren
Mitchell-Thomson
Nakajima
Nielsen
Nuvolari
Oliver
Ortelli
Pironi
Riess
Rindt
Rockenfeller
Rodríguez
Rolt
Rondeau
J. Rosier
L. Rosier
Rubin
Salvadori
Sanderson
Scarfiotti
Schuppan
Sekiya
Shelby
Smith
Tandy
Trémoulet
Trintignant
Vaccarella
Veyron
Walker
Wallace
Warwick
Weidler
Whitehead
B. Whittington
D. Whittington
Winkelhock
show
v
t
e
24 Hours of Le Mans
Races by year
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940–1948: not held
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
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1957
1958
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1961
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1963
1964
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2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Related topics
Automobile Club de l'Ouest
Circuit de la Sarthe
Le Mans
Sarthe
Le Mans Prototype
Triple Crown of Motorsport
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Le Mans Classic
Le Mans Legend
Le Mans start
Dunlop Bridge
Mulsanne Straight
1955 Le Mans disaster
Related lists
List of winners
List of records
List of female partipicants
List of Le Mans Prototypes
List of fatal accidents
In media
Le Mans (film)
Michel Vaillant (film)
24 heures d'amant
"The Race" (The Goodies)
Truth in 24
Radio Le Mans
Video games
LeMans
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Test Drive Le Mans/Le Mans 24 Hours
Gran Turismo
Race Driver: Grid
Forza Motorsport
Project CARS
iRacing
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values: Popis pobjednika 24 sata Le Mansa – Croatian

values: A Le Mans-i 24 órás verseny győzteseinek listája – Hungarian

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