text:
Evil Queen (Disney)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Grimhilde" redirects here. For the sorceress from Norse mythology, see Grimhild.
Evil Queen
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs character
The Evil Queen as she appears in Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[1]
First appearance
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Created by
Art Babbit (animation)
Walt Disney & Joe Grant (design)
Portrayed by
Anne Francine (musical)
Jane Curtin (TV special)
Various (Disney on Ice)
Kathy Najimy (Descendants)
Voiced by
Lucille La Verne (1937 film)
Susanne Blakeslee (2001–present)
Eleanor Audley (1949 audiobook)[2]
June Foray (Disney on Parade)
Janet Waldo (1974 Record album)[3]
Eda Reiss Merin (1990's Disney Read-Along)
Louise Chamis (1992–2001)
Based on
The Queen from the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale
Information
Aliases
Wicked Queen, Queen Grimhilde, Old Witch, Wicked Witch, Witch Queen, Queen-witch,[4] Old Hag, Snow White's stepmother[5]
Occupation
Sorceress, Queen dowager/regnant
Affiliation
Disney villains
Title
The Evil Queen
Spouse(s)
The King (deceased)
Children
Snow White (stepdaughter), Evie (Descendants)
Nationality
Bavarian
The Evil Queen, also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen, and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde, is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' first animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and a villain character in the extended Disney's Snow White franchise. She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale "Snow White".
In the film, similar to the Brothers Grimm story, the Evil Queen is cold, cruel, and extremely vain, and obsessively desires to remain the "fairest in the land". She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter, Princess Snow White, as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land; such love triangle element is one of Disney's changes to the story. This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise, which in the film is indirectly caused by the Seven Dwarfs. The film's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms' story; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the Wicked Witch or alternatively as the Old Hag or just the Witch. The Queen dies in the film, but lives on in a variety of non-canonical Disney works.
The film's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant, and originally animated by Art Babbit and voiced by Lucille La Verne. Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from She and Princess Kriemhild from Die Nibelungen. The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley, June Foray, Janet Waldo, Eda Reiss Merin, Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee, and was portrayed live by Anne Francine (musical), Jane Curtin (50th anniversary TV special), Olivia Wilde (Disney Dream Portraits), and Kathy Najimy (Descendants).
This version of the fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public, and is considered one of Disney's most iconic and menacing villains. Besides in the film, the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions, including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White, such as Fantasmic!, The Kingdom Keepers and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, sometimes appearing in them alongside Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty. The film's version of the Queen has also become a popular archetype that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works.
Contents
1 In Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
1.1 Storyline
1.2 Conception, design and portrayal
1.2.1 Abandoned concepts
2 Other appearances
2.1 Attractions
2.2 Film and television
2.3 Games
2.3.1 Video games
2.4 Literature
2.4.1 Comics
2.4.2 Italian comics
2.5 Theatrical shows
2.6 Merchandise
2.7 In Once Upon a Time
3 Reception
3.1 Critical reception and popularity
3.2 Cultural impact
3.3 Homage cameos and parodies
4 See also
5 References
In Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs[edit]
Main article: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
Storyline[edit]
The Queen in her secret lair in an illustration by the Brothers Hildebrandt
In "another land, far away,"[6] "many, many years ago," about the time of fairy tales of castles, knights, fair maidens, romance, magic and witches,"[7] a mysterious and icily beautiful woman with magical powers (a 1938 promotional brochure suggests she is able to work her witchcraft having sold "herself body and soul to the bad spirits" of the Harz mountains[8]) has gained her royal position by marrying the widowed King, giving her rule over his kingdom before he died. "From that time on the cruel Queen ruled all alone, her every word was law, and all trembled in mortal fear of her anger."[9] The vain Queen owned a magical mirror with which she could look upon whatever she wished. The Magic Mirror shows a haunted, smokey face of her familiar demon[8] which replies to the Queen's requests. She regularly asks the mirror who is the fairest in the realm ("Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?" which is often misquoted as "Mirror mirror on the wall, who is the fairest of them all"[10][11]), and the mirror would always reply that she is.
One day, however, the mirror tells her that there is a new fairest woman in the land, her 14-year-old[12] stepdaughter, Princess Snow White. She became obsessively jealous of the princess' emerging beauty, therefore turning her into a scullery maid in her own home. After observing the handsome Prince from another kingdom singing a love song to Snow White, the proud Queen, in a jealous rage, commands her faithful Huntsman, Humbert, to take the princess deep into the forest and kill her. He is ordered to bring back her heart in a box to prove that he had done so. But Humbert cannot bear to kill the young princess upon realizing that she is impervious to harm, so he tells Snow White of the Queen's plot and tells her to run away and never to come back. To escape the penalty, he comes back with a pig's heart and gives it to the Queen. When she questions her mirror, it again replies that Snow White is the fairest in the land, and that she is living at the cottage of the Seven Dwarfs, revealing that the box contains the heart of a pig. The Dwarfs are fearful of the Queen's black magic but decide to take in Snow White anyway.
The Witch (right) offering a poisoned apple to Snow White in Gustaf Tenggren's inspirational art for the film
Furious that Humbert tricked her, the Queen decides that first Snow White shall die by her own hand and at any cost. She goes down the dungeon to her secret room where she practices her dark magic, complete with a pet raven that "knows all her secrets,"[13] and in desperation uses her spellbook and cauldron to mix a potion that transforms her into a hag. Her beauty is shrouded in ugliness and age, though presumably reversible.[14] She then conjures a poison apple, which will cause "the Sleeping Death",[15] and proceeds to leave the castle via a moat boat. She is sure that no one would know or perform the counter-curse to her spell, and believes the Dwarfs would bury her rival alive, thinking her dead. The Queen comes to the cottage, followed by two vicious vultures, and finds Snow White baking a pie for Grumpy the dwarf. Somehow Snow White's animal friends realize that the old hag is the Queen. After an unsuccessful attempt to warn Snow White by attacking the Queen, they go to warn the Dwarfs of the Queen's arrival. The Queen tricks the princess into letting her inside the cottage and eating the bewitched apple, telling her that it is a magic wishing apple. Snow White takes a bite and falls to the floor, apparently dead.
The Queen rejoices in her victory, but is soon discovered by the angry Seven Dwarfs, who grab pickaxes and chase her deep into the forest as a great storm begins. She climbs up into the mountains, where she gets trapped upon a precipice that overlooks a seemingly bottomless canyon. She tries to push down a large boulder to crush the approaching Dwarfs. Before she can do so, a lightning bolt strikes between her and the boulder, destroying the precipice and sending the Queen (along with the boulder) down the cliff to her death, screaming while she falls to the jagged rocks below (this scream was reused in Sleeping Beauty when Maleficent is stabbed in the heart by the Sword of Truth). As the Dwarfs look wide-eyed over the cliff's edge, they cannot see her, but the vultures descend into the chasm. The Queen's dark reign is over, and her castle is then taken over by the revived Snow White and the Prince who broke the spell. (A 1936 pre-release Good Housekeeping novelization by Dorothy Ann Blank, a member of the film's story team, affirms that the Queen in fact dies: "Far below, in a chasm as dark as her own wicked soul, lay the body of the hateful Queen. No magic would ever bring her to life again."[9])
Conception, design and portrayal[edit]
Early concepts for the film called for a "fat, batty, cartoon type, self-satisfied" Queen. However, Walt Disney became concerned that such an approach would make the character seem less plausible. Sensing that more time was needed for the development of the Queen, he advised that attention be paid exclusively to "scenes in which only Snow White, the Dwarfs, and their bird and animal friends appear."[16] Disney further developed the main plot himself (Ollie Johnston said the film's story was based on the idea that the Queen's character was going to murder "another drawing" and Disney decided to make it appear believable[17]), finding a dilemma in the characterization of the Queen, whom he envisioned as a mixture of Lady Macbeth and the Big Bad Wolf,[18][19] and decided to set on "a high collar stately beautiful type"[20] whose "beauty is sinister, mature, plenty of curves – she becomes ugly and menacing when scheming."[12] According to the 1993 Disney Classics series of trading cards, "she is really two characters, the beautiful evil Queen and the grotesquely evil witch."
Statue of Uta von Ballenstedt at the Naumburg Cathedral in Naumburg
Joan Crawford c. 1930
The Queen's appearance was inspired by the "ageless ice goddess"[21] character of Queen Ayesha ("She who must be obeyed") from the 1935 film She, played by Helen Gahagan.[22][23] The Queen, who was originally to be named Grimhilde[12] (but who is never actually named in the film[24]), was also modeled in part on Princess Kriemhild in the 1924 film Die Nibelungen.[25] It is also possible that the Queen's looks may have been inspired by the faces of Joan Crawford[26] and Gale Sondergaard;[27] her costume and figure may have been inspired by a column statue at the Naumburg Cathedral depicting Uta von Ballenstedt, the wife of Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen who was widely regarded as the most beautiful woman of Medieval Germany.[28][29] Also noted was her resemblance to two 1930s American movie stars from Europe, Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich.[30] The Queen and Snow White were refined by Grim Natwick and Norm Ferguson, who would often override Walt Disney's instructions.[31] As in the case of other characters for the film, the Queen's appearance had to be approved by Albert Hurter before being finalised.[16] One pre-final version of the queen had her wear a looser hood and a different crown and the edge of her cape was fur trimmed, as it can be seen in Gustaf Tenggren's pictures.[32][33]
None of Art Babbit's lead animation work on the character was rotoscoped[34][35] and the animators were noted to prefer to draw the Queen over Snow White "because she was more real and complex as a woman, more erotic, and driven to desperate acts by her magic mirror."[36] The character, however, turned out to be especially problematic for the animators, as she had to be "regally beautiful, with confined but graceful movements," and "the experiments on her lovely cruel mouth and eyes alone represent drawings enough to fill a paper house."[37] The sequence of her transformation in particular was the film's toughest to visualise using trick effects,[38] especially since Disney insisted on showing how the Queen felt as she changed.[37]
The Evil Queen scowling by the light of an apple during Hong Kong Disneyland's Villains Night Out! parade, premiering in 2016, with the peacock motif also prominent
Alcázar of Segovia in 2011
According to a description in her card in the Disney Villains set, "the Witch's ugliness symbolises the evil disguised by the Queen's beauty." Her castle might have been inspired by Spain's Alcázar of Segovia[39][40][41] and the throne she is uses has a peacock motif to symbolise her extreme vanity.[42] The Queen is clad mostly in black and other "negative" dark colors, providing a contrast to Snow White's bright colorful wardrobe,[43] and has "shiny black hair" under her hood.[9] Her royal costume was painted with specially developed paints made to look like satin for her collar and like velvet for her robe.[37] The Queen's music tracks were created with low celio notes, basses, and bassoons; the scribblings in her book of spells were written in Italian.[44]
Notably, the Queen was the first character to ever speak in an animated feature film.[45] She was voiced by Lucille La Verne, who achieved her voice change for the role of the Witch by removing her false teeth.[46] Joe Grant, who contributed the design for her Witch form,[47] noticed La Verne's changing attitude and posture when voicing the Queen and Witch, and sketched these poses and her body language down for animation reference.[48] He also said he based the Witch's concept art on a woman who lived across the street from him.[49] The character's foreign dubbing voice actresses included Nona Yotova in Bulgaria; Wang Jingping and Tam Suk Yin in China; Mirela Brekalo in Croatia; Jiřina Petrovická in Czechoslovakia; Clara Pontoppidan, Kirsten Rolffes, Lise Ringheim in Denmark; Rauni Luoma and Seela Sella in Finland; Adrienne D'Ambricourt, Marie Francey, Katy Vail, and Claude Gensac in France; Dora Gerson, Gisela Reißmann, Gisela Fritsch, Kerstin Sanders-Dornseif, and Dagny Servaes in Germany; Antigone Glykofrydis and Eleni Zafiriou in Greece; Margit Lukács, Ilus Vay, and Éva Szabó in Hungary; Steinunn Ólína Þorsteinsdóttir in Iceland; Tina Lattanzi, Benita Martini, and Dina Romano in Italy; Tanie Kitabayashi and Kyoko Satomi in Japan; Blanca de Castejón, Rosario Muñoz Ledo, Liza Willert and Cristina Montt, and Cecilia Gómez in Mexico; Tilly Perin-Bouwmeester, Ida Bons, Marlies van Alcmaer, Liz Snoijink and Marjol Flore in Netherlands; Astrid Folstad, Bab Christensen, and Eli Anne Linnestad in Norway; Leokadia Pancewiczowa, Seweryna Broniszówna, and Danuta Stenka in Poland; Florina Luican in Romania; Svetlana Smirnova and Zinaida Sharko in Russia; Lucía Esteban in Spain; and Helena Brodin, Hjördis Petterson and Lil Terselius in Sweden.
The Queen was also the first character to meet death in a Disney film.[50] As part of elimination of the original story's more gruesome aspects, and to make Snow White seem more a "nice girl",[8] the Wicked Queen is no longer cannibalistic and her destruction was made "just as certain but more merciful" than in the original story, where she is forced to dance to her death in red-hot iron shoes on her feet as an invited guest at Snow White's wedding.[33][51] Snow White's role in the Queen's demise is removed, and the Queen "dies more neatly and quickly,"[8] as justice is served without resorting to killing or torture. She also invites her own downfall while pushing the boulder, and her fate is only suggested rather than shown.[52] One of the Witch's animators was Ward Kimball, whom Walt Disney also let to draw the two vultures watching her fall "to make it a little easier" for him, as Kimball has been reassigned after his own sequence was cut from the film,[53] since Disney thought these additional dwarfs gag scenes would distract from "the real drama" of the tension between Snow White and her wicked stepmother that was supposed to drive the film.[54]
Abandoned concepts[edit]
A gargoyle ornament in the Queen's dungeon in Snow White's Scary Adventures
The original outline of the story featured the Queen's attempt to kill Snow White with a poisoned comb, an element taken from the Grimms' version of the tale (the Dwarfs would arrive in time to remove it). The envious Queen would also decide to take possession of Snow White's attractive young suitor, the 18-year-old[12] Prince (described in a press kit as "every woman's dream man"[38]) for herself, offering him an opportunity to share the throne with her through a marriage.[55][56] With the Prince refusing to marry her, the Queen would have him captured by her guards and taken to her dungeon to be suspended in chains in a torture chamber.[57] She would later visit him there and used her sorcery to taunt him by bringing the dungeon's skeletons (also chained to the walls) to life and making them dance, identifying one skeleton as "Prince Oswald",[12] only for the Prince to defy her again. She then has him given to the torturers, described as "the Nubians",[58] and "exits with a dirty laugh."[59]
According to production story-meeting notes from October 1934, "Queen wants to marry Prince, but he refuses to acknowledge 'that she is the fairest in the land,' since he has seen Snow White."[60] It is written in story notes that the Queen has magical power only over her own domain, which is the castle.[58] Another note states about their meeting in the dungeon: "This is a sequence of gruesome comedy ― of dancing skeletons ― fantastic shadows ― witchcraft and deviltry."[61] The name Prince Oswald was an inside joke reference to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.[56] The Queen was originally intended to have seven black panthers guarding the entrance to her secret room with the Mirror;[9] a concept art of the Queen walking a pet panther can be seen in The Walt Disney Family Museum and at Disney California Adventure.
The books Snow White: Magic Mirror Book and The Complete Story of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs reveal that the Huntsman was afraid to disobey a command to kill Snow White because the Queen's might feed him to her panthers or shrink him magically "to the size of a walnut".[55][62] In one 1937 novelization, the Queen vows the Huntsman would pay dearly for allowing her stepdaughter to escape, but first she would deal with Snow White herself.[63] In another version, the Huntsman would too be dragged to the dungeon when the Queen finds out that he has betrayed her,[55] and the Queen might smash her own Mirror in anger.[56][64] Later, after transforming herself, she decides to punish the Prince for having scorned her. She informs the Prince of her plan to have the Dwarfs bury Snow White alive and then leaves him to his death, still chained and trapped in a subterranean chamber filling with water[47] to slowly drown. She then makes her way to the Dwarfs' cottage with the poisoned apple, while birds and forest animals were to help the Prince escape the Queen's minions and find his horse as would race to try and save Snow White.[65][66]
This plotline described above was not used in the final film, although it was carried out to the drawing and cel stage,[67] and several inspirational sketch pictures of the dungeon scenes were drawn by Ferdinand Hovarth. It is said that Disney "knew that the Queen would have to look scary without being too scary."[18] Some skeletons are briefly featured in the finished film in the other parts of the dungeon,[68] except in Australia's censored original theatrical release version.[69] Similar motifs and scenes were later used in Sleeping Beauty[33][66] and Aladdin. Elements of this sub-plot have also made their way into some other Disney's Snow White fiction and visitor attractions.
Other appearances[edit]
Attractions[edit]
The Queen's castle at Fantasyland
The Queen is a primary character in the Disneyland rides Snow White's Scary Adventures (first opened in 1955), where she is seen more than any other character in all four versions of the ride, recreating a number of scenes from the film, sometimes including the torture chamber from an abandoned concept, with "a few skeletons of her past victims."[70] In one new scene, she turns into a hag while standing in front of the mirror (back to the visitors) and intoning: "Magic Mirror on the wall, with this disguise I'll fool them all!"[71] She also appears in her hag form at the roller coaster Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, first opened in 2014.[72]
The Evil Queen with the wizard Jafar from Aladdin during Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party in 2012
The Queen in her lair with magic books and a statue of the demon Chernabog from Fantasia at Share A Dream Come True Parade in 2008
In the Disney Villains Mix and Mingle and Mickey's Boo-to-You Halloween Parade shows during Magic Kingdom's Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party, the Queen is one of the villains led by Maleficent that appear during the Cinderella Castle Forecourt Stage.[73][74] Susanne Blakeslee voiced the Queen at 2001's Share A Dream Come True Parade, where she could be seen transform herself into a hag.[75] The Wicked Queen is one of the "favourite" villains included in Magic Kingdom Park's special pre-parade procession "It's Good to be Bad" a night before the annual Main Street Electrical Parade.[76] One event featured a giant interactive mirror and included the Queen and two other "Divas of Evil", Maleficent and Cruella de Vil.[77] She also prominently appears at Villains Unleashed party,[78][79] a separately ticketed event at Disney's Hollywood Studios that was introduced in 2014.[80]
In the interactive gallery Walt Disney: One Man's Dream, the Queen appears alongside Maleficent and Judge Frollo in the villains' act of the show, where she seems to be the leader of the trio. On the cruise ship Disney Fantasy, the Queen, appearing with her raven, is one of the seven suspects (and sometimes the culprit)[81] in the interactive gallery Midship Detective Agency's story "The Case of The Plundered Paintings".
Film and television[edit]
The Queen is featured in some Disney television specials like Our Unsung Villains (1956) and Disney's Greatest Villains (1977). Segments of the Queen's appearance are also shown in Disney's Halloween Treat (1982) and in A Disney Halloween (1983). She makes small cameo appearances in the animated series Disney's House of Mouse, voiced by Susanne Blakeslee (where she is seen sitting with Lady Tremaine in her queen form, and with Madam Mim and Witch Hazel in her witch form) and in the films Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Runaway Brain (1995), shown there in her witch form.
In the live-action television special Disney's Golden Anniversary of Snow White (1987), the Queen is played by Jane Curtin in a parodic scenario.[82] She casts a spell on Grumpy in an attempt to get him to persuade the other Dwarfs to retire and destroy the original film after the 50 years. After the failure of this, her Mirror convinces her to finally quit "this whole curse business" and focus on her current career as a television horror host.
The Queen (voiced by Susanne Blakeslee) is the main villain in the 2005 direct-to-video animated film Once Upon a Halloween, but appears only in the Witch version despite misleading cover art (furthermore, only her shadow is shown). In it, the Queen plots to conquer Halloween and asks her cauldron to show several villains to which one of them helps her in her plan. The cauldron also explains its origins as it is one of the cauldrons formerly owned by the three witches from The Black Cauldron. Eventually, the cauldron turns against the Wicked Queen and makes her vanish into nothingness.
In Mike Disa's and Evan Spiliotopoulos' abandoned pitch for the DisneyToons' Snow White prequel film The Seven Dwarfs, a beautiful girl named Narcissa appears to aid the dwarfs against an evil wizard, who would be eventually revealed as her father whom she would betray and trap him inside a mirror. Narcissa steals the ancient magic secrets of the Olden Dwarfs, marries and then murders Snow White's father, and "begins her reign as the Evil Queen, with the damned soul of her own father forever encased in the Magic Mirror as her slave. Thus, the dwarfs must live in hiding to protect their families from the Queen's vengeance." Three computer-animated sequels to The Seven Dwarfs "were to follow the title characters return home to families and friends after the Evil Queen's death in Snow White."[83][84]
In a 2015 Disney Channel Original Movie titled Descendants, the aged Evil Queen (played by Kathy Najimy[85]) is among a host of other villains who have been imprisoned on a forbidden Isle of the Lost,[86] and her daughter Evie (played by Sofia Carson)[87] is among their offspring who are allowed to return into the kingdom to attend school alongside the offspring of iconic Disney heroes (Evie's father is unidentified.). The Evil Queen seemed to have joined forces with Maleficent,Jafar, and Cruella De Vil in trying to take over Auradon. Its title image features the iconic red apple of the Evil Queen,[88][89] which was also prominently featured in a teaser trailer.[90] Carson returned as Evie in Descendants 2.
In Justin Merz's and Evan Daugherty's script for the live-action spin-off Rose Red, currently in development, Snow White's sister Rose Red is going to "join Grumpy and the fellow Dwarves on a journey to find the Evil Queen and break her curse."[91]
Games[edit]
The Evil Queen is featured in a number of traditional games, albeit usually as a mere obstacle for the players.[92][93][94] She is, however, playable in some of them, such as Snow White and the Severn Dwarfs Game in the Disneykins franchise[95] and Disney Villains Collector's Edition Monopoly.[96]
Jim Razzi's 1985 children's gamebook Snow White in the Enchanted Forest (Choose Your Own Adventure: Walt Disney #1) features the Prince-like character's confrontations with evil Queen as she is searching for Snow White, who is hiding with the Dwarfs, to "put an end to her, once and for all!"[97] In it, she has much greater powers than in the film, including being able to instantly change between her hag and queen forms at will,[98] magically disappear in a cloud of smoke,[99] change herself into an animal and back, and turn others into animals with magic beams from her hands.[100]
Video games[edit]
The Witch serves as the antagonist in the unreleased Snow White game for the Atari 2600.[101] In 2001's Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs for the Game Boy Color, the players need to solve a puzzle minigame for the Queen to consult her mirror, and later guide a deer to warn the Dwarfs and then lead the Dwarfs in pursuit of the Witch before he can go to her castle.
The Queen is one of the four Disney Villains that appear in 1999 video game Disney's Villains' Revenge, voiced by Louise Chamis. Jiminy Cricket and the player venture into the worlds of the stories to restore the happy endings. In the altered (and game's final) story, where there is no Prince, the Queen (appearing in both of her forms) has built a lair resembling her poisoned apple inside the scary wood, and has put Snow White to eternal sleep in her dungeon and intends to do the same to the Seven Dwarfs. The player needs to correctly mix ingredients for several potions including the True Love Potion to magically summon the Prince and save the day. It is followed by the fight with the Queen where she tries to get away and the player has to reflect her magic ball spells, until she retreats to her lair. There, while asking her mirror, she suddenly transforms into a hag and the mirror breaks.
In 2010's video game Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, the Queen (voiced by Kyoko Satomi in Japanese and Susanne Blakeslee in English) appears in the Dwarf Woodlands world. She recruits the protagonist Terra to kill Snow White and bring back her heart in return for allowing him to use the Magic Mirror to locate Master Xehanort. Terra, like the huntsman, ultimately does not go through with this, and the Queen, learning of his betrayal, forces the Mirror to consume him, but Terra manages to fight the Mirror off and the Queen reluctantly gives him the information he looks for. She later appears briefly in Ventus's scenario, where she crosses paths with him on her way to poison Snow White. She drops the poisoned apple, which Ventus returns to her. She notices Ventus's Keyblade and muses that Terra threatened her with a similar weapon. She is then only briefly mentioned in Aqua's storyline, when the Magic Mirror tells Aqua that the Queen is dead and he is no longer under her control.
In 2013's free-to-play mobile game Snow White: Queen's Return (also known as Seven Dwarfs: The Queen's Return),[102] an uncanonical continuation of the film, the Queen has survived the fall at the climax of the film because there was a lake at the bottom of the abyss. She then reverted to her youthful form and, seeking revenge, cast an evil curse on Snow White as well as the dwarfs and their entire forest.[103] The game's updates were supposed to allow the players to "meet (and defeat)" the Queen,[104] adding quests involving a search for her hideout[105] to "help the Dwarfs rid the enchanted forest of the evil queen,"[106] but the story was ultimately left unresolved as the game was discontinued in May 2014.
A 2014 weekly challenge in Disney Infinity: Toy Box included "Mirror Mirror" obstacle course that pit Snow White against the Evil Queen in a race for the poisonous apple.[107] Downloadable Queen-themed avatar costumes were made available for the users of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 video game consoles.[108][109] A webcam browser game Become Your Inner Villain hosted on Disneyland Resort’s Facebook page enables the player turn into one of four villains including the Evil Queen.[110] Her dungeon and laboratory (complete with the Mirror) are featured in the online game Aaah-Choo.[111]
In the 1990 video game Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse, an old witch named Mizrabel takes the form of the Evil Queen after draining the youth from Minnie Mouse. In 2012's Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion, the previously defeated Mizrabel returns to transform into various Disney villains, including the Queen,[112] before setting on Maleficent. In 2013's HD remake of Castle of Illusion, Mizrabel looks like a cross between the Queen and Maleficent in her youthful form and professes her ambition to be "the fairest of them all".
Literature[edit]
In the 1949 audiobook release, the Queen (voiced by Eleanor Audley) wears a yellow dress and a red cape. She tells the Huntsman to take Snow White to the forest and leave her there to die. In the end of the book, after being chased by the dwarfs, the Queen dies when she slips while climbing the mountain and falls into the sea.
The novel Fairest of All: A Tale of the Wicked Queen by Serena Valentino, published by Disney Press in 2009,[113] tells a story much more sympathetic to the Queen than most other Disney media. The book shows how the Queen became the villain from the film, much in the style of The Killing Joke, with the Magic Mirror, here possessed by the spirit of her abusive father, having been a corrupting influence. According to the book, her mother was a witch and the King died in a war against another kingdom prior to the events of the film. After her husband's death, the Queen slowly descends into madness. By the end of novel, Snow White gets the mirror and the Queen becomes the spirit inside the mirror after her death in the film.
The Queen is one of the Overtakers, villains of The Kingdom Keepers novel series. She was introduced in 2011 in the fourth book of the saga, Power Play, alongside Cruella De Vil. Like Maleficent, she is very powerful and is able to cast almost any spell with a flick of her finger; she can also transform herself and other characters. In Power Play, when Maleficent and Chernabog are captured by the Keepers, the Queen becomes the new leader of the Overtakers.
One chapter in Todd Strasser's 1993 Disney's the Villains Collection/Stories from the Films is dedicated to Snow White and the Queen. She is also a subject of one of the illustrated books in the Disney Princess series My Side of the Story, titled Snow White/The Queen (2004), which portrays her as a misunderstood positive character.[114]
Melissa de la Cruz wrote the Descendants prequel novel Isle of the Lost.[115] In that book, it is revealed that the Evil Queen once tried to overthrow Maleficent as the ruler of the Isle.
Comics[edit]
The 1937–1938 film tie-in serial comic strip "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" written by Merrill De Maris, one of the writers of the film,[116] is centred primarily around the relationship between Snow White and the Queen. It further explores the source of the Queen's descent into a murderous envy, as she learns that the Prince came to her castle seeking the most beautiful woman in all the world and is shocked when he says he meant Snow White. Like in the abandoned film concept, the Queen (here actually named Grimhilde) has the Prince arrested. In her Witch form, she later tells the captive Prince that she is going to get rid of Snow White and make him hers, while the Prince is defiant and calls her a "miserable hag".[12] This scene is followed by his escape from prison, in much less dramatic circumstances than the film's drowning concept.[117] The film was also adapted into an other comics including in 1969,[118] 1983,[119] and 1991.[120]
There is a number of comics set in the film's world. One early comic Pamuk Prenses ile Sevimli Prens (1942) tells of the further adventures of Snow White and Prince Charming, the Witch returns to put a spell on the latter.[121][122] In one American 1944 sequel comic, the dead Queen's castle is taken over by her brother, the Wicked Prince.[123] Later comics usually feature the Queen in her Witch incarnation,[124] often with her still trying to eliminate either Snow White ("The Seven Dwarfs and Thumper",[125] "No Ritmo Da Bruxa",[126] "A Maçã Superenfeitiçada",[127] "Kerstverhaal"[128]) or the dwarfs ("The Enchanted Mountain",[129] "Halloween"[130]). Such stories include Jack Bradbury's stand-alone 1958 comics Mystery of the Missing Magic[131] and A New Adventure of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[132] In the comic "The Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-Queen",[133] the Witch shrinks all the dwarfs except of Dopey who manages to save his brothers.[134] In "A Pirate's Tale" (aka "The Pirate"[135]), the greedy old Witch transforms herself into a rat as she plans to steal a treasure and turn the dwarfs into cheese and eat them, but Dopey destroys her with a cat.[136]
Usually under the alias the Witch, she often comes back to interact (usually to antagonize, but sometimes also to occasionally cooperating with protagonistic characters) with other Disney characters.[137] She has appeared in the comics of April, May and June,[138] the Beagle Boys,[139] Br'er Rabbit,[140] Chip 'n Dale,[141] Donald Duck & Mickey Mouse,[142] Goofy,[143] Huey, Dewey, and Louie,[144] Jiminy Cricket,[145] José Carioca,[146] Mickey & Minnie Mouse,[147] Li'l Bad Wolf,[148] Tinker Bell,[149] the Three Little Pigs,[150] and the fellow witches such as Madam Mim from The Sword in the Stone,[151] Witch Hazel from Trick or Treat, and Magica De Spell (especially in Brazilian comics).[152] She also starred in the 1970s-1980's comic book series The Big Bad Wolf & The Wicked Witch, including "Mirror Mirror",[153] "Witch Switch",[154] "The Apple Caper",[155] "The High-Hopping Wolf",[156] "Double Trouble",[157] and "Getting the Boot".[158]
Several comics include the Witch kidnapping another Disney character, either to be her slave or to exchange them for something, until they are rescued. Example of this include her abducting, besides Snow White ("Diamond Dust Dilemma",[159] "The Weather Witch"[160]), such characters as Chip 'n' Dale ("Witch Convention",[161]), Tinker Bell ("Pixie Dust Dilemma"[162] "The Big Bust-out"[163]), and Dumbo characters ("Dumbo".[164] "The Chips Are Flying",[165] "A Witch in Time"[166]). The Witch also captures Dumbo in "Dumbo l'échappe belle",[167] but is defeated by Mickey and Br'er Bear and imprisoned by the Dwarfs.[168] In "The Gingerbread House", the Witch captures the Wicked Witch of the West's children Witch Child and Warlock whom Magica De Spell was tasked to look after.[169] Another recurring motif is the Witch's attempts to turn characters into gold, for example Pinocchio ("The Magic Brew"[170]) or all the forest animals ( "Get Rich Witch"[171]). She may also simply try to steal the treasures, from either the Dwarfs ("Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs",[172] "Verjongingsdrank"[173]) or other characters ("Black Magic Menace",[174] "Pursuit of Plunder"[158]). In the prequel story Battle of Wits and Witches, the Queen turns into the hag to steal a diamond from the Dwarfs but is foiled by Mickey and Goofy.[175] She also repeatedly attempts to ruin Christmas, like in "The Golden Christmas Tree", where she lures Huey, Dewey and Louie to her lair use their tear drops in a magic potion to destroy all the Christmas trees in the world,[176] and in "Delivery Problems" where she plots to put Santa Claus' reindeer to sleep.[177]
In the Walt Disney's Comics and Stories parody of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, "The Wizard of Bahs" by Vic Lockman and Strobl,[178] the Witch is unexpectedly turned into an old tree trunk by Daisy Duck while her castle turns to sand.[179] In "The Captured Castle", the Witch captures Cinderella's castle,[180] and in "It's Snow Joke" she turns Dale's snow dragon alive.[181] In "The Magic Spell" Chip 'n' Dale steal her flying powder.[182] The Witch's Magic Wand is obtained by Goofy in "Magic-Mender"[183] and stolen by the Big Bad Wolf in "The Magic Wand".[184] In "The Haunted House Caper", the Witch turns Donald Duck's into a haunted one,[185] a story continued in "13 Blackcat Road".[186] In O Sindicato Das Bruxas, José Carioca fights against her syndicate of witches.[187] In "The Washed-up Witch",[188] she ends up deprived of her powers and accepting Scrooge McDuck's offer to become his private secretary.[189][190] In "The Sitter Solution", Mickey hires the Witch as a babysitter for Morty and Ferdie.[191]
The Queen also appears as one of the villains in the 2005 Disney manga series Kilala Princess by Rika Tanaka and Nao Kodaka, where the protagonists Rei and Kilala Reno find themselves in the world of Snow White, and meet and befriend the princess. They go the Queen's castle to ask the Magic Mirror how to find Kilala's friend Erika, but discover the Queen is still alive (and even commanding the two vultures, as well as wolves) as she appears and demands Kilala's magical tiara. The children try to flee but are attacked by wolves and locked up in the dungeon, where the Queen transforms into the Witch and prepares to turn Kilala into an ugly creature. Snow White appears and agrees to sacrifice herself to save them, but Kilala stops her at last moment before she can eat a poison apple; Rei then attacks the Queen, who falls into her cauldron, turns into a vulture, and flies away in a defeat.
Italian comics[edit]
Many stories, notably usually featuring the Queen in her youthful form, have been first published in Italian Disney digest comic series,[192] in particular in Topolino. They include "The Seven Dwarfs and the Evil Witch" (I Sette Nani e la Strega Malvagia), "Snow White and the Broken Mirror" (Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto),[193] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Spell of the Queen" (I Sette Nani e l'incantesimo della regina),[194] "Snow White and the Castle of Four Winds" (Biancaneve al castello dei quattro venti),[195] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Heroic Antieve" (I Sette Nani e l'eroica antivigilia),[196] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Brew of Seven Herbs" (I Sette Nani e l'infuso delle sette erbe aka "The Seven Herbs Spell!"),[197] "Snow White and the Silver Rose" (Biancaneve e la rosa d'argento),[198] and "The Seven Dwarfs and the Joker Wizard" (I Sette Nani e il mago burlone),[199] among others. For instance, "Snow White and the Shattered Mirror" (Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto),[200] has the old Witch, terminally ill, discover she has only one day to live, but she refuses to accept her destiny and finds a way to conquer death. In "Goofy the Magician and the Seven Dwarfs" (Pippo mago e i Sette Nani),[201] the Queen's four goon henchmen attack the dwarfs and steal their treasure but then decide to keep it for themselves and Grimhilde seeks help from the wizard Abracadabro to stop their run; eventually, it is the Prince who defeats the robbers. "Donald Fracasse: (Paperin Fracassa) is a parody of the adventure film Captain Fracasse in which Snow White is blinded by the Queen and Donald Duck needs to heal her. In "The Seven Dwarfs and Christmas in Danger" (I Sette Nani e il Natale in pericolo)[202] the Queen goes to steal a comet stardust as the last ingredient for her spell to destroy Snow White. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Covenant of the Queen" (I Sette Nani e il patto della regina),[203] she conjures the demon Shadow Lord Oren and makes a pact with him to take the soul of Snow White. She once again attempts to eliminate Snow White with the help of seven evil dwarfs, but in doing so she burns ends up burning all of her vital energy and Oren takes her with him.[204] "The Seven Dwarfs and the Christmas Fairy" (I Sette Nani e la fatina di Natale) presents a scenario in which the Queen successfully casts a forever-sleep enchantment on Snow White, but while trying to zap Dopey she accidentally falls victim of her own witchcraft and the Christmas fairy, freed from her prison, saves Snow White.[205][206] In Italian comics, the Queen is usually wearing a red robe. She is also often shown using a crystal ball to spy on the good characters.[197][198][207]
Many of the Topolino Snow White comics were the works of Romano Scarpa. His 1986 comic "The Seven Dwarfs and King Arbor's Crystal" (I Sette Nani e il cristallo di Re Arbor) provides an explanation as to how the Queen would have survived her apparent death in the film (as some branches and bushes eased the fall and she was rescued by her loyal guards) and why she could not change back to her normal self (as her castle was burned down by the Huntsman and her book of magic is gone). In this story, Grimhilde (Grimilde) enlists the aid of her great admirer and past suitor, the evil King Arbor of Vegetalia, in a plot to use a magic crystal device to swap her old body with Snow White's.[208][209] The intrigue is foiled by the dwarves who destroy the crystal, and the resigned Arbor allows the Witch to live with him, saying he will try to remember she was "the most beautiful among queens". The uneasy relationship between Grimhilde and Abor continued in the comic "The Seven Dwarfs and the Fountainhead" (I Sette nani e la fonte meravigliosa),[210][211] in which she desperately attempts to regain her youth, but instead only turns into a childlike version of her Witch form for a short time.
Other comics by Romano Scarpa have the Queen in her youthful form.[212] In the three-part "Snow White and the Green Flame" (Biancaneve e verde fiamma),[207][213][214] the Queen flies on a broom to the great gathering of witches, who declare that her inability to deal with just a little girl and few dwarfs has disgraced them all and she should be punished for this according to the laws of Hell. The Queen begs the High Witch for mercy and is given a magic wand with the power of transformation, but if she would not succeed this time she will be turned into a magic broom for a more "honorable" witch to fly. The Queen uses the wand to gain trust of Snow White and turn her a figurine, than takes the princess' form to ambush the dwarfs and do the same with them, and waits for the Prince's arrival to kill him. Only Dopey escapes and eventually manages to outwit the Queen, using her wand to restore his friends and transform her into a figurine, which later turns into a broom when her sentence is carried over. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Throne of Diamonds" (I Sette Nani e il trono di diamanti),[215] Jiminy Cricket is deeply enamored by the Queen's beauty and attempts to convince her to become good, but the Queen refuses to be redeemed and orders her soldiers to steal the throne the Dwarfs make for Snow White in a plot to turn her rival into an old woman. Eventually, the Queen is defeated by another witch Tardona and Snow White is saved. "Snow White and the Chained Fairy" (I Sette Nani e la fata incatenata),[216] sees the dwarfs struggle to free the fairy Fawn who was captured by the Queen in an underground cavern for saving Snow White when Grimhilde flew to strike down the princess with a thunderbolt. She takes on many forms trying to thwart them in various ways, and one-by-one the dwarfs sacrifice their lives, until only Dopey remains but he manages to get hold of magical water that brings back all of them to life. The freed fairy's magic makes the cavern collapse down on the helpless Queen to make sure she will never hurt anyone again. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Birtch Ring" (I Sette Nani e l'anello di betulla by Romano Scarpa),[217] the Queen learns about the eight Dwarf named Ginger (Zenzero), who has left the his companions to go in search of fortune traveling the world, and transforms into a pixie named Fagottina to send him home and sow discord among his brothers.[218] The Queen also transforms into a pixie, named Fogliolina, in "Snow White and Easter in the Woods" (Biancaneve e la Pasqua nel bosco),[219] where, after her attempt to kill Snow White with magic is foiled by woodland creatures, she is so enraged that she calls upon the infernal powers to "take her" and her castle burns into flames and crumbles around her. In "The Seven Dwarfs and the Wolf's Cliff" (I Sette Nani e la balza del lupo),[220] she sends three of her bandit minions (Bragia, Sghembo and Schidione) to kidnap Snow White. "Snow White and the Bewitched Dress" (Biancaneve e l'abito stregato)[221] has the Queen magically disguise herself as an old gypsy to give Snow White a cursed dress and capture her, then start her work on the spell to rid of the dwarfs and all the forest creatures. But Dopey infiltrates her castle, frees Snow White, and locks up the Queen in her laboratory set ablaze, after which the whole castle is consumed by fire and explodes after the dwarf and the princess escape.
Theatrical shows[edit]
As in the film, the Queen character is featured in 1979 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs musical version, played by Anne Francine.[222] In the Disney on Ice reenactment of the movie in 1986-1987,[223] and then in 1994–1997 and again in 2000–2001, she was voiced by Louise Chamis and played by various skaters beginning with Melanie Scott in 1986-1987,[224][225] and including Elena Koteneva, who was substituted by Davina Lee-Gooding in 1995.[226] Francine also played her in the 1980 stage play and television program Snow White Live[227] and Chamis voiced her in Disneyland's Snow White – An Enchanting Musical in 2004 and 2006. The Evil Queen was also featured in Disney Live's Three Classic Fairy Tales in the section based on the film.[228][229]
The Queen with her magic cauldron during Fantasmic! show in 2013
In the night-time fireworks and visual hydrotechnic show Fantasmic!, first played in 1992, the Queen, voiced by Louise Chamis, is the main villain and the leader of all the Disney Villains. She is introduced in the second act, when her Magic Mirror (voiced by Tony Jay) tells her that there are now three princesses (Snow White, Ariel and Belle) fairer than her. Enraged, the Queen transforms herself into a hag[230] and uses the Mirror and her cauldron to summon various "all the forces of evil"[231] in the form of a collection of Disney villains to come to her aid. They include Maleficent, who transforms into a dragon. (In the Tokyo DisneySea version, she also traps Mickey inside her mirror.) At the climax of the show, Mickey is able to defeat the dragon and vanquish all the villains with a magic sword. The Witch is the last to die, transforming back into the Queen before she is destroyed.
In the Disney Dream cruise ship show Villains Tonight!, first played in 2010, Hades calls forth Disney's most powerful villains for help to regain his evil. The Queen, changing from the Witch form, denies his invitation since Hades also invited Maleficent, her rival for Hades' affections and for the status of "the most evil in the land". The Queen claims not to be Hades' girlfriend, but they just had "an interesting weekend" on Castaway Cay. In the end, the Queen and Maleficent put their differences aside as all villains should stick together and advise Hades to find evil within himself, and not from others.
Merchandise[edit]
The character has been also featured in a wide variety of Disney merchandise, such as in the Designer Villains series of limited edition dolls and make-up products, or the Wickedly Beautiful entry in the Beautifully Disney collection of cosmetic products.[232] Various other such merchandise include many dolls,[233][234] figurines/statuettes,[235][236] costumes,[237] clothing items,[238][239] watches/clocks/mirrors,[240][241] key chains/blanks,[242] mugs,[243][244] other tableware,[245][246] bags/purses/suitcases,[247][248] containers,[249][250] prints/posters/cards/stickers,[251][252] pins/buttons/magnets,[253][254] holiday ornaments,[255] plush toys,[256] puzzles,[257] other beauty products,[258][259] and so forth.[260] In one issue of Disney Adventures in 1997, the Evil Queen appeared on the cover attempting to woo Will Smith.[261][262]
One hand-made figure costing $2,000 was the most expensive out of 200,000 items being sold at the Disney World shopping village in 1985.[263] During an auction in 1988, an animation cel from the iconic scene of the Queen holding her heart box sold for a record-setting price of $30,000.[264] In 1997, another cel from the same scene sold for $21,275 and a cel of the Witch offering an apple to Snow White realized $13,800.[265] Another cel showing the Queen reading her spellbook sold for $8,050 in an earlier in auction in 1995.[266] In 2015, a Hag cell was sold on an auction for $48,000.[267]
In Once Upon a Time[edit]
Main article: Regina Mills
An almost entirely alternate take on the character of the Evil Queen is Regina Mills, the main antagonist in the first season of the 2011 ABC live-action TV series Once Upon a Time where she is played by Lana Parrilla. Regina is the mayor of the idyllic town of Storybrooke, Maine, but is secretly the Evil Queen of legend, having cursed many beloved fairytale characters to live in a land without magic, where they will never get their happy endings. The show is not directly based on the Disney animated films, but is inspired by them and makes many references to them. One of its episodes is titled "The Evil Queen".
Reception[edit]
Critical reception and popularity[edit]
The Disney version of the character was very well received by film critics, even as some were disturbed (columnist Dorothy Kilgallen for instance urged Disney to not make future villains as scary as the Witch[54]). Stephen Hunter included her being "cool" among the "wonderful truths about Snow White."[268] Janet Maslin wrote the film's Snow White "exists only to be victimized by her wicked stepmother - a far more interesting character. The image of the wicked Queen (initially conceived as a raven-haired glamour girl, and the epitome of late-1930s sophistication) who drinks an aging potion and then shrivels, sprouting warts and claws, turning before our eyes from a sexy, voluptuous creature into a frightening old crone, must leave as powerful an impression on the audience as Snow White's chirpy femininity."[269] Similarly, Roger Ebert wrote Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was "not so much about Snow White as it was about the Seven Dwarfs and the Evil Queen," opining this was the reason it has remained "the ultimate animated masterpiece" by 2001 instead of having been forgotten soon after its premiere in 1937.[270]
Morgan McMichaels dressed as the Queen in 2015
Feminism academic Camille Paglia said that she used to be transfixed by this "temperamental diva bitch", due to the contrast with the ideal of womanhood that she had been presented to as a child: "Mary, this silent mother; and here was the witch queen who has this weird dialogue in the mirror and it didn't have to be charitable and it didn't have to be nice. I thought she was fabulous."[271] Likewise, Lana Parrilla, who later herself played the Evil Queen in Once Upon A Time, said that whenever she watched Disney's Snow White as a young girl she rooted for and "loved the evil queen―every time the evil queen came on, I was like 'OK!' She was just so fascinating to me."[272] Author Deborah Lipp wrote: "As I've said before and will doubtless say again, given a choice of being Snow White (helpless, sweet, voiceless) and the Wicked Queen, with the cool castle and the magic and the minions, give me my Magic Mirror now!"[273] Film director John Waters said he too rooted for the evil queen to win,[274] and Chay Yew said that if he were a Disney character, he would be the evil queen from Snow White.[275]
Once Upon the Time co-creator Adam Horowitz said that his earliest Disney memory was seeing a re-release of Disney's Snow White when he was "terrified by the Evil Queen while also being unable to look away and that stuck with me through the years."[276] Similarly, fashion designer and Angelina Jolie's Maleficent collaborator Stella McCartney said: "My favorite Disney film was Snow White. I remember growing up watching [it] and being completely freaked out by that scene where the evil queen becomes the old witch and she makes the poison apple."[277] Film maker and actor Terry Gilliam listed the film's Queen among his eight favourite villains, commenting how "truly strange" is that "vanity and beauty are what she's all about, yet the identity she assumes when she becomes the old beggar woman is practically the ugliest in all the kingdom."[278] Fairy tale lecturer Jack Zipes alike noted that "it is somewhat strange that the queen believes the mirror, for the picture of Snow White reveals that she is a pretty pubescent red-cheeked ordinary girl while the queen is a stunning beautiful mature woman who might easily win a beauty contest."[36]
Jim Lentz, Director of Animation Art at Heritage Auctions, said in 2015: "The Evil Queen is, to this day, one of the great villains of cinema, and she was at her terrifying best when she became the Old Hag and set off to destroy Snow White."[279] According to film maker and actor Brad Bird, back in 1937 "they had to re-upholster the seats in a very large movie palace in New York because little kids were peeing on the seats when the witch came on in Snow White."[280] The Queen ranked as tenth in the American Film Institute's 2003 list of the 50 Best Movie Villains of All Time, being the highest-ranked animated villain.[281] When Walt Disney Parks and Resorts held their 2011 Disney Villains popularity poll for Wicked Gooey Apple Awards (named after the Queen's poison apple), the Evil Queen came first and won in three out of five categories: "Sinister Stylings" (for the most fashionable villain), "Curses! Foiled Again!" (for the villain who received the best comeuppance), and the ultimate "Unfairest of Them All" (for the most evil villain).[282] Jeff Kurtti's 2005 book Disney Villains: The Top Secret Files ranks her as "the greatest villain of them all".
In 2013, the Queen was among the 20 terrifying kids' movie characters by Digital Spy, commenting that "Julia Roberts and Charlize Theron may have taken a stab at this role in two competing 2012 blockbusters, but they didn't get anywhere near the kind of creepiness of Disney's evil Queen,"[283] as well as among ten scariest Disney villains of all time by entertainment.ie.[284] In 2014, E! ranked "the original head bitch in charge" as the seventh top Disney Villain,[285] while WatchMojo.com ranked her as the ninth top Disney animated villain[286] and the fifth greatest female movie villain of all time.[287] Nerdist put the Disney Villainesses "starting in 1937 with the Evil Queen" at top spot in a 2015 ranking of "most bad ass" female villains in pop culture,[288] while Gay Times ranked her third among the "top five wicked women of Disney"[289] and MTV listed her as one of the nine Disney Villains who were "way better than the good guys."[290] That same year, Moviepilot included her among the seven most terrifying and evil Disney Villains as "she may be the prettiest woman in the list, but sadly, that beautiful facade covers an ugly and wicked soul,"[291] while Gulf News, ranking her as the second greatest Disney Villain, commented she "still stands today - 78 years after the release of the first movie," as the most evil personality that Disney has ever created.[292] Moviepilot also proposed "Disney could give Snow White the Maleficent treatment and make a version telling the story through the Evil Queen’s perspective,"[293] suggesting she should be played by Megan Fox.[294] In 2016, The Frisky described her and Maleficent as "two of the best-realized female villains in movie history."[295]
Cultural impact[edit]
French model and TV host Solweig Rediger-Lizlow dressed as the Queen at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival
According to Maria Tatar, an academic specializing in children's literature, the film turned "the evil queen into a figure of gripping narrative energy and makes Snow White [the character] so dull that she requires a supporting cast of seven to enliven her scenes. Ultimately it is the stepmother's disruptive, disturbing, and divisive presence that invests the film with a degree of fascination that has facilitated its widespread circulation and that has allowed it to take such powerful hold in our own culture."[296] Alan Charles Kors and Edward Peter credited the Queen's character's influence in changing the popular visual image of witches in film and other fiction as specifically female, more often young and attractive than old and ugly, and dressed in a characteristically defining costume.[297] A part of Maila Nurmi's inspiration for her character of Vampira came from Nurmi being fascinated by the Queen after watching Disney's Snow White at the age of 14.[298] When she was cast for the 1939's The Wizard of Oz as the Wicked Witch of the West, Gale Sondergaard (who herself has earlier served as one of inspirations for Disney) insisted on playing a glamorous vision of the character, similar to the Disney's interpretation of the Queen from Snow White; when Sondergaard's idea was rejected by producers Mervyn LeRoy and Arthur Freed in favor of making the Wicked Witch ugly, she withdrew from the project and Margaret Hamilton was cast instead.[27] Still, the similarities between the two films, including the portrayals on their respective witch characters, were such that The Wizard of Oz was at one point advertised as "Snow White with live actors."[299]
The Queen inspired main antagonist characters in the otherwise unrelated titles, such as the stepmother queen in the Russian animated film The Wild Swans (1962),[300] the Witch Queen in the Spanish film Tom Thumb and Little Red Riding Hood (1962),[301] the goddess Venus in the anime version of Unico,[302] Queen Admira in the American film The Hugga Bunch (1985),[303] and the queen of the witches in the video game Curse of Enchantia (1992).[304] Lady Macbeth in Orson Welles' 1948 Macbeth resembles the Queen in her costume, make-up, and even the manner of her death;[305] Lady Macbeth was also visually based on the Queen in a 1982 comic book adaptation.[306] The evil Queen Bavmorda from 1988's film Willow bears a resemblance too,[307] so much that Cinefantastique editor Frederick S. Clarke described her as "simply Snow White's Wicked Queen, right down to her hooded costume."[308] Robin Wood has drawn a connection between the looks of the Witch and of the Emperor in the Star Wars franchise (which eventually also became a Disney property).[309] According to the designer Steve Brown, the Queen's old Witch form served as an inspiration for the main character Witch Queen in his 1985 video game Cauldron.[310] Brigitte Nielsen said she has also based her role as the Black Witch (who also kidnaps a prince character out of jealously for a princess) in the 1992 Italian film Fantaghirò 2 on Disney's "Grimilde" (an Italian name for the Queen in the comics).[311]
The Wicked Queen with several other Disney villains, including Maleficent and the Queen of Hearts
An official Disney.com blog Oh My Disney stated the Evil Queen has been "the original Disney villain, and we’re really not exaggerating."[312] According to The Daily Telegraph, La Verne's role as the Queen "was credited as the model for such future villains as Ursula in The Little Mermaid (1989) and Scar in The Lion King (1994)."[48] Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty inherited a number of characteristics from the Queen, including the cowl, high collar, billowing cloak, arched eyebrows, cruel lips, and raven familiar. An abandoned concept from Snow White was that the Queen kidnap the Prince and lock him in her dungeon; similarly, in Sleeping Beauty, Maleficent kidnaps Prince Philip.[313] Lady Bane, a vain evil sorceress from Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, too bears a similarity to the Evil Queen in her costume and character. Four wicked witches of the East, West, North and South, resembling the Witch from Disney's Snow White, are also the villains Mickey has to kill to save Disneyland in 1988's Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game.[314] The first names for the magic-wielding antagonist couple The Glooms in Disney XD's own series The 7D (2014) ― set in a timeframe before the Seven Dwarfs first met Snow White ― might have been inspired by the Evil Queen character's alternate name "Grimhilde", with the bumbling warlock husband named "Grim" and the determined witch wife named "Hildy".
The Queen's character design from the film was also used in some other Snow White adaptations, such as for the Queen in the Turkish film Pamuk Prenses ve Yedi Cüceler (1970).[315] Queen Naga in Italian erotic comic books Biancaneve was at first loosely based on the Disney version, as was its Snow White's character.[316][317] Susan Sarandon's character of Queen Narissa in Disney's own Enchanted (2007), had her characteristics, powers, and physical features were inspired by the Queen from the film and by Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty.[318] Early on into the project, Enchanted was actually supposed to be a direct-to-video animated sequel to Disney's Snow White (with a working title of "Snow White 2") in which Narissa (back then often misspelled as "Noriss") was the evil Queen's sister who would kidnap six of the dwarfs to lure Snow White, the Prince, and their 13-year-old daughter Rose aided by Dopey, into a trap.[319] When Filmation announced their own animated sequel to the fairy tale, the studio was sued by Disney until Filmation promised their characters would not resemble the ones from the Disney film; the settlement stated there could not be a "wicked witch" character in the film which instead was made to feature the Queen's brother in a vendetta to avenge her death (the title was also changed, from Snow White in the Land of Doom to Happily Ever After).[320][321]
The Queen's castle has been used prominently in the advertising of the film (acting as the backdrop of the film's poster). Later Disney fairy tales, including Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin, feature similarly fantastical castles and palaces, and often these buildings act as centrepieces or backdrops for the movies' posters. A fairy tale castle stands at the centre of each Disney theme park, and the image of the castle is used in the logo for Buena Vista International.
Homage cameos and parodies[edit]
The "Disney Villainess Squad" cosplayers at WonderCon 2010
The character has also made several parodic cameo and homage appearances in non-Disney media. In the 1945 radio program This Is My Best, the Queen uttered a curse so dreadful that the Magic Mirror shattered into a thousand pieces and where the Queen once stood was nothing but a heap of ashes from which black spiders crawled and scuffled off into the night. In Woody Allen's live-action film Annie Hall (1977), Alvy mentions that when he saw Disney's Snow White, he was attracted to the Queen while all the other children had a crush on Snow White. This is followed by an animated sequence of the Wicked Queen, resembling Annie and voiced by Diane Keaton, talking to the cartoon version of the daydreaming Alvy, but turns out that even the Queen scolds him; Alvy attributes it to her having her period mood, to which the Queen reminds him she is just a cartoon character.[322]
The Queen was referenced when she appeared as a villain in an issue of Italian horror comic book series Dylan Dog in 1988.[323] In The Simpsons episode "Four Great Women and a Manicure" (2009), the Queen escapes the dwarves after poisoning Snow White, only to be lynched by a mob of angry woodland creatures.[324] In the U.S. Acres two-part cartoon "Snow Wade and the 77 Dwarves", Lanolin appears as the Wicked Queen with a costume is based off the Disney version. In the Family Guy 2009 episode "Road to the Multiverse", Herbert appears as the disguised Queen. The Muppet Show character Miss Piggy is the Queen in the 2010 parody comic book miniseries Muppet Snow White.[325] Cassie Scerbo played the Evil Queen in the 2013 YouTube parody music video Cell Block Tango.[326] The Queen also appears in Counting Scars, Oh My Disney's Halloween 2014 parody music video of OneRepublic's "Counting Stars".[327][328] Kimberly Cole played the Evil Queen in Todrick Hall's 2014 parody music video Snow White and the Seven Thugs.[329]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evil Queen (Disney).
The Queen from "Snow White" in the original fairy tale, and in other derivative works
Disney portal
Cartoon portal
Fictional characters portal
Film in the United States portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Reflection of Evil Ink & Paint Cel Release at Disney's Hollywood Studios « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Archive, Snow White (June 22, 2013). "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1949 Dennis Day w/ Ilene Woods as Snow White - RCA-Victor Record Y-33".
Jump up ^ ""Mickey's Christmas Carol" -". cartoonresearch.com.
Jump up ^ Jim Razzi, Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, page 41.
Jump up ^ Grant, John (1998). Encyclopedia of Walt Disney's animated characters. Hyperion Books. p. 161.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villain Resumes | Oh My Disney". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Snow White Archive (July 13, 2013). "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Vintage Snow White "Collector Print Primer Cards"". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 UK Snow White Pressbook". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. February 5, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: The Good Housekeeping Serial". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. December 4, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 15 Film Misquotes". Listverse. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Do you feel lucky, punk?': Famous movie quotes you always get wrong revealed | Daily Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. August 28, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Richard Holliss, Brian Sibley, Walt Disney's Masterpiece Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, pages 14, 81.
Jump up ^ Glenn Dakin, Disney Villains: The Essential Guide, page 6.
Jump up ^ Heidi Breuer, Crafting the Witch: Gendering Magic in Medieval and Early Modern England, page 134.
Jump up ^ Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Observer-Reporter, July 29, 1993.
^ Jump up to: a b Paul Muljadi, Disney Theatrical Animated Features, page 14.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Disney News Magazine (50th Anniversary - 1987)". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. November 5, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b John Hanson Saunders, The Evolution of Snow White: A Close Textual Analysis of Three Versions of the Snow White Fairy Tale, page 117.
Jump up ^ "Villain Stories | Disney Insider". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Michael Barrier, Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age, page 128.
Jump up ^ "The Wonderful World of WALT: Walt Disney and the Villain | Disney Insider". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villains: Queen". Disney.go.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "D23′s Dateline Disney: 1935 (Evil Queen) « Disney D23". D23.disney.go.com. December 10, 2012. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "How Well Do You Know... Snow White? | Disney Insider". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Golden Anniversary: Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Gladstone 1987.
Jump up ^ Ryan Gilbey, Jonathan Ross, The Ultimate Film: The UK's 100 Most Popular Films, page 19.
^ Jump up to: a b Axel Nissen, Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties, page 197.
Jump up ^ Jaeger, Peter. "Naumburg: Cathedral immortalizes'most beautiful woman of the Middle Ages' – Travel". Stripes. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Naumburg Founder Statues on Stamps". Stamporama. September 30, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Douglas Brode, Multiculturalism and the Mouse, page 172.
Jump up ^ Biggest opening day in film history is coming up, Beaver County Times, April 15, 1987.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 "Popular Science" Snow White Article". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. November 1, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Gladstone Comic Book (50th Anniversary - 1987)". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. November 12, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bruno Girveau (editor), Once Upon a Time ― Walt Disney: The Sources of inspiration for the Disney Studios (Prestel, London, 2006) ISBN 978-3-7913-3770-8.
Jump up ^ Mark Mayerson. "Mayerson on Animation". Mayersononanimation.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Jack Zipes, The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films, pages 115, 122.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Photoplay Snow White Article". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. April 1, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1958 Buena Vista Snow White Pressbook". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. August 15, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Marilyn Stokstad, Medieval Castles, page 92.
Jump up ^ Patricia Schultz, 1,000 Places to See Before You Die, page 270.
Jump up ^ Anna Ruiz, Vibrant Andalusia: The Spice of Life in Southern Spain, page 148.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)". Filmsite.org. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Guest Contributor (May 31, 2012). "The Evolution of Snow White | Racialicious – the intersection of race and pop culture". Racialicious. Archived from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1987 Animator Magazine No. 20". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. January 11, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ From Screen to Theme: A Guide to Disney Animated Film References Found ... – Brent Dodge – Google Boeken. Books.google.com. February 2010. ISBN 9781608444083. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "10 Mind-Blowing Facts About Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Oh My Disney". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b John Canemaker, Before the Animation Begins: The Life and Times of Disney inspirational Sketch Artists (Hyperion, New York, 1999) ISBN 0-7868-6152-5.
^ Jump up to: a b "Walt Disney cast an evil end for the voice of Snow White". Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Not Just Your Average Joe: Disney Legend Joe Grant". Awn.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ 1944 RKO Radio Pictures Snow White pressbook, page 5.
Jump up ^ "Snow White" Ready Xmas, The Pittsburgh Press, October 13, 1937.
Jump up ^ Feminists decry fairy tale films, The Tuscaloosa News, August 6, 1980.
Jump up ^ 'Snow White' as young as ever, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 17, 1987.
^ Jump up to: a b "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Starlog's CineMagic Magazine (50th Annivesary - 1987)". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. November 20, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Fairest ...And The Scariest Of Them All: A Doomed Love Triangle". Kennetti.fi. March 29, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c David Koenig, Mouse Under Glass: Secrets of Disney Animation & Theme Parks, page 28.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Disney's fabulous folly – Page 5 | Animator Mag – Library". Animatormag.com. August 25, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "THE FAIREST ...AND THE SCARIEST OF THEM ALL: Dark Secrets of the Dungeon". Kennetti.fi. March 29, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Richard Holliss, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and the Making of the Classic Film, page 14.
Jump up ^ Ollie Johnston, Frank Thomas, The Disney Villain, age 54.
Jump up ^ Rudy Behlmer, America's Favorite Movies: Behind the Scenes, page 44.
Jump up ^ 1937 Fan. "Whistle While We Blog". 1937fan.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Snow White book page" (JPG). 4.bp.blogspot.com. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "THE FAIREST ...AND THE SCARIEST OF THEM ALL: The Rescue of the Prince". Kennetti.fi. March 29, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ The Complete Story of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1987) ISBN 0-8109-1515-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Kay Stone, Some Day Your Witch Will Come, page 71.
Jump up ^ Laurence A. Rickels, The Devil Notebooks, page 274.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villains' Lairs Are Creepy and Impressive | Oh My Disney". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Maureen Furniss, Art in Motion: Animation Aesthetics, page 119.
Jump up ^ Eurodisney Pocket Guide, page 64.
Jump up ^ Tison Pugh, The Disney Middle Ages: A Fairy-Tale and Fantasy Past, page 64.
Jump up ^ "Sneak peek: Disney's new Seven Dwarfs Mine Train". Azcentral.com. April 30, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney World Halloween Party changes". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Big thrills, little chills at Disney Halloween bash | USA | Travel". Toronto Sun. October 27, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney celebrates 100 years of magic". Deseret News. October 28, 2001. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Side « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Creating Your Dream with Disney Event Group « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. October 6, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Mauney, Matt (June 6, 2014). "Villain-themed event coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney guests enjoy Chiquita Apple Bites". Freshplaza.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Take a Sneak Peek at the 'Villains Unleashed' Guest List at Disney's Hollywood Studios « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sachs, Andrea (February 18, 2011). "I Dream of Disney". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Vincent Terrace, Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936–2012, 2d ed., page 132.
Jump up ^ "Mike Disa and The Seven Dwarfs: How the Snow White prequel became a Dopey movie • Animated Views". Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs prequel once planned by Disney | Metro News". Metro.co.uk. April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kathy Najimy to Play Evil Queen in Disney Channel's 'Descendants'". TheWrap. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (June 16, 2014). "Disneys Lost The Plot With Descendants Angsty Teen Children Of Classic Villains". Hitfix.com. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney's 'Descendants' Casts Newcomer Sofia Carson as Evil Queen's Daughter (Exclusive)". TheWrap. April 16, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Channel Creating Original Live-Action Movie About Offspring of Disneys Villains". GeekNation. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "E Releases". Disneychannelmedianet.com. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Disney Descendants Teaser Trailer". Disney.com.au. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Disney To Develop Live-Action Film About Snow White's Sister Rose Red". Geeksofdoom.com. April 4, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Tek Toothbrush 'Snow White' Board Game". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. March 17, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
"Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 Parker Brothers Snow White Board Game". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. October 1, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
"Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: 1938 Milton Bradley Snow White Board Game". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. January 14, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Walt Disney's Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs Game | Board Game". BoardGameGeek. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Board Game". BoardGameGeek.com. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Délivrez Minnie !". Coa.inducks.org. December 21, 1952. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Castle Labyrinth". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1975. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Name the Characters Word Puzzle". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"En nu naar het kasteel!". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Disneykin Snow White Game from Royal Gelatin". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. November 22, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villains Collector's Edition Monopoly® Game | Board Games". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SNOW WHITE PG001". Sciencefictionmuseum.org. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SNOW WHITE PG018". Sciencefictionmuseum.org. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SNOW WHITE PG019". Sciencefictionmuseum.org. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SNOW WHITE PG020". Sciencefictionmuseum.org. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Atari 2600 - Snow White (Atari)". AtariAge. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "10 Best Disney iOS Games". Arcadesushi.com. November 15, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White: The Queen's Return – Android-apps op Google Play". Play.google.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Upcoming update: What to expect? | Seven Dwarfs – The Queen's return – Complete guide to Disney's mobile game". Sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com. April 30, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Restoring Witch Rock | Seven Dwarfs – The Queen's return – Complete guide to Disney's mobile". Sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
"Finding and Restoring Queen's Alchemy Lab | Seven Dwarfs – The Queen's return – Complete guide to Disney's mobile". Sevendwarfs.twiddlethumb.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tijdlijnfoto's – Seven Dwarfs: The Queen's Return". Facebook. April 27, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Infinity". Infinity.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Interactive Support – Disney Universe – Downloadable Costumes: Villains Pack (PlayStation®3, Xbox 360®)". Help.disney.com. January 21, 2014. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Snow White Evil Queen: Home & Kitchen". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Become your Inner Villain! « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Aaah Choo! | Disney Games". Games.disney.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Epic Mickey : Power of Illusion - Test Nintendo 3DS - Nintendo Master". Nintendo-master.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fairest of All | Disney Publishing Worldwide". Books.disney.com. August 18, 2009. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Disney Princess: My Side of the Story – Snow WhiteThe Queen – Book #2: Daphne Skinner, Atelier Philippe Harchy, John Kurtz: 0725961034641: Amazon.com: Books. Amazon.com. ASIN 0786834641. CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN (link)
Jump up ^ "Descendants News: Melissa De La Cruz Writing PREQUEL, Get A SNEAK PEEK Of Kristen Chenoweth as Maleficent [SEE PIC] : The Eye : Fashion & Style". Fashionnstyle.com. July 3, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "THE FAIREST ...AND THE SCARIEST OF THEM ALL: The 1937 Merrill De Maris Comic Book". Kennetti.fi. July 22, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Branca de Neve". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1969. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Blanche Neige et les sept nains". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pamuk Prenses ile Sevimli Prens". Coa.inducks.org. July 30, 1942. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "EsquiloScans". EsquiloScans. December 20, 1955. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The wicked prince". Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1944. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1952. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Snow White's Christmas Surprise". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1949. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Mysterious Christmas Spell". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Snow White's Sinister Christmas Gift". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1944. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "No Ritmo Da Bruxa". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1974. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Maçã Superenfeitiçada". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1977. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kerstverhaal". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Enchanted Mountain". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Halloween". Coa.inducks.org. October 24, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mystery of the Missing Magic". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A New Adventure of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-queen". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: "Seven Dwarfs and the Witch-Queen" 1958 Sunday Comic". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. August 11, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Pirate". Coa.inducks.org. May 1, 1949. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Seven Dwarfs 1949 Four Color Comic (A Pirate's Tale)". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. July 27, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fantasyland". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1955. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"A Castle for Christmas". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Enchanted Forest". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1955. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"A Matter of Luck". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1961. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Snake Skin Belt". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1971. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Mal Me Quer, Bem Me Quer". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Assalto Cheio De História". Coa.inducks.org. January 23, 1986. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Le cauchemard de Halloween". Coa.inducks.org. October 26, 2005. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"75 jaar". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Bad Deed Club's Annual Picnic". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Bewitched Dolls". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Wee Witches". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1961. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Undercover Candy Caper". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1966. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Crime Convention". Coa.inducks.org. April 9, 1968. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Seven Dwarfs' Diamond Mine Job". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1973. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Bad Guys At The Ball". Coa.inducks.org. February 27, 2004. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Kite Tail". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Hoodwinked Helper". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1962. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Ranchin' Rabbit". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1969. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "House Guests". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Too Few Clues". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Too Many Witches". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Dull Kinda Danger". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1961. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Shock Treatment". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1961. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1953. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1954. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Magic Beanstalk". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1978. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The House Guest". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1978. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Outwitting the Witch". Coa.inducks.org. July 1, 1979. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Bewitched Tree". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1982. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Fly Guys". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1982. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "In Vacationland". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1961. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Lost Jingle-Jangle". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1981. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Witch Tricks". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"L'incredibile avventura di Topolino". Coa.inducks.org. August 25, 1985. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Topolino e l'incredibile naniversario". Coa.inducks.org. August 7, 1988. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Hotel Transylvania". Coa.inducks.org. October 15, 2004. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Party Monsters". Coa.inducks.org. January 4, 2006. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"La voce del popolo". Coa.inducks.org. August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Topolino e la saga burocratica". Coa.inducks.org. March 13, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "February Foolery". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1957. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Mysterious Pickpocket". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1978. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Case of the Weird Web". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1970. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Mysterious Black Pearl Ring". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1971. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Spaghetti and Goofballs". Coa.inducks.org. July 27, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "He Went Thataway". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1961. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Qui, Quo, Qua e il "meeting" dei miti". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1980. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"La buona stella di Paperino". Coa.inducks.org. July 16, 1989. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Paperino in: "La storia (in)finita"". Coa.inducks.org. December 29, 1991. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Glitter Bug". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1970. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Topolino e la dimensione F". Coa.inducks.org. November 17, 1991. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Inimiga Do Natal". Coa.inducks.org. December 12, 1975. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Youth Machine". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1970. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Topolino e l'enigma di Cartunia". Coa.inducks.org. December 19, 1995. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Halloween Haunting". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1952. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1954. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1954. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1956. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
{{cite web|url=https://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=W+WDC+269-04 |title=A Wolf at the Door |publisher=Coa.inducks.org |date=February 1, 1963 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}
Jump up ^ "The Grounded Witch". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1958. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Guardian Pixie". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1976. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Wonderful Magic Lamp". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1949. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"The Broom Boom". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1958. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Clan Bake". Coa.inducks.org. May 1, 1966. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Witch Bait". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1966. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"As Bruxas". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1972. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"O Presidente Das Bruxas". Coa.inducks.org. June 13, 1975. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"O Feitiço Virou Contra A Feiticeira". Coa.inducks.org. February 16, 1973. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Bruxo Não Entra". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1976. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"As Feiticeiras". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1977. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"A Má Magali". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1978. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Organized Grime". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1964. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Toimituksen noitanurkka". Coa.inducks.org. April 2, 1980. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Um Amor De Presente". Coa.inducks.org. July 1, 1980. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"O Feitiço Das Manchas Na Cara". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Paramales A Você". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1983. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"O Bandido Do Ano". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1983. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"Tremendo Som". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1985. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mirror Mirror". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Witch Switch". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1979. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Apple Caper". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The High-Hopping Wolf". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Double Trouble". Coa.inducks.org. March 1, 1982. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Getting the Boot". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Diamond Dust Dilemma". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1958. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Weather Witch". Coa.inducks.org. July 1, 1978. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Witch Convention". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1959. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pixie Dust Dilemma". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Big Bust-out". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1975. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1945. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Chips Are Flying". Coa.inducks.org. July 1, 1955. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Witch in Time". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dumbo l'échappe belle". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "70.049 Dumbo E'Lchappe Belle". DisneylandRecords.com. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Gingerbread House". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1970. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. July 1, 1954. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Get Rich Witch". Coa.inducks.org. June 1, 1962. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. October 1, 1958. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Verjongingsdrank". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Black Magic Menace". Coa.inducks.org. May 1, 1967. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Battle of Wits and Witches". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1967. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Golden Christmas Tree". Coa.inducks.org. June 30, 1948. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Delivery Problems". Coa.inducks.org. December 13, 1990. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Wizard of Bahs". Coa.inducks.org. April 1, 1966. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ White, Snow (July 11, 2011). "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: "Wizard of Bahs" - Walt Disney Comic, April 1966". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Captured Castle". Coa.inducks.org. August 1, 1958. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "It's Snow Joke". Coa.inducks.org. January 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Magic Spell". Coa.inducks.org. December 1, 1960. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Magic-Mender". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1966. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Magic Wand". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Haunted House Caper". Coa.inducks.org. November 1, 1967. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "13 Blackcat Road". Coa.inducks.org. September 1, 1968. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "O Sindicato Das Bruxas". Coa.inducks.org. January 23, 1962. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Washed-up Witch". Coa.inducks.org. May 1, 1957. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schmidt, Alex. "Why The 7 Dwarfs Were Slaves Of Scrooge McDuck". Cracked.com. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ James E. Daniels (February 12, 2009). "J.E. Daniels' Animated Topics & Headlines: Disney Comics Crossover". Jedaniels-adventures.blogspot.com. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Sitter Solution". Coa.inducks.org. February 1, 1962. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The evil queen". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto". Coa.inducks.org. October 25, 1958. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e l'incantesimo della regina". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve al castello dei quattro venti". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e l'eroica antivigilia". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "I 7 nani e l'infuso delle 7 erbe". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Biancaneve e la rosa d'argento". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e il mago burlone". Coa.inducks.org. January 15, 1967. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve e lo specchio infranto". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pippo mago e i Sette Nani". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e il Natale in pericolo". Coa.inducks.org. December 17, 1989. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e il patto della regina". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e il patto della Regina". Digilander.iol.it. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e la Fatina di Natale". Digilander.iol.it. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e la fatina di Natale". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: "Snow White and the Green Flame Ruby" by Romano Scarpa (1953)". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. May 27, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I 7 Nani e il cristallo di Re Arbor". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e il cristallo di re Arbor". Artnet.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Luca Boschi. "Sul set di Romano Scarpa". Lo Spazio Bianco. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I 7 Nani e la fonte meravigliosa". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Filmic Light - Snow White Archive: Overview of Romano Scarpa's Snow White Comics". Filmic-light.blogspot.com. May 25, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve e verde fiamma". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
"I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. March 14, 1994. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve e verde fiamma, l'esordio di Romano Scarpa su Topolino". Fumettologica. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e il trono di diamanti". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e la fata incatenata". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e l'anello di betulla". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I 7 nani e l'anello di betulla Archives - Romano Scarpa". Romano Scarpa. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve e la Pasqua nel bosco". Coa.inducks.org. April 22, 1962. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I Sette Nani e la balza del lupo". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve e l'abito stregato". Coa.inducks.org. March 29, 1964. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Radio City back on track with live fairy tales, The Spokesman-Review, October 25, 1979.
Jump up ^ "Walt Disney's Snow White on Ice". The Montreal Gazette. September 6, 1986. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Glenmont Native A Prince in Fine 'Snow White on Ice'". Schenectady Gazette. September 10, 1986. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White, 7 Dwarfs Deliver a Magical Show". The Milwaukee Sentinel. January 22, 1987. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney's Evil Queen wicked on Ice". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 28, 1995. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Vincent Terrace, Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936–2012, 2d ed., page 337.
Jump up ^ "Parent Reviews - fayettevillekidsguide.com - Your resource for Parenting, Kids, Birthday party ideas, Family vacations, Events, Family Event, Activities for kids, Summer camps, Kids restaurants, Child care, Day care in Fayetteville, Arkansas". Fayettevillekidsguide.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Disney Live! Three Classic Fairy Tales - Muscogee Moms". Muscogee Moms. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ten Disney Villains You Can See at Walt Disney World Resort « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. November 2, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Children Under Construction: Critical Essays on Play as Curriculum – Google Boeken. Books.google.com. 2010. ISBN 9781433106231. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Beautifully Disney | Collections By Disney". Disneyparksmerchandise.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Evil Queen Classic Doll – 12 | Dolls". Disney Store. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villain Classics Evil Queen Doll: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Snow White EVIL QUEEN Barbie Doll – Limited Edition Great Villains 4th in Series (1998): Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Evil Queen ~12" Doll – Disney Princess Classic Doll Collection: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Evil Queen Disney Villains Designer Collection Doll: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Vintage Disney Snow White the Evil Queen 12" Fashion Doll: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Snow White's Evil Queen: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs The One That Started Them All Figurine by Jim Shore | Figurines & Keepsakes". Disney Store. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Evil Queen Figurine By Disney Showcase Haute-Couture | Disney Figurines". Disney Store. June 16, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "WDCC Snow White Evil Queen: Enthroned Evil – Collectible Figurines". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"WDCC Evil Queen Bring Back Her Heart – Collectible Figurines". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Grand Jester Studios Evil Queen Figurine, 8-Inch – Collectible Figurines". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Funko Pop! Snow White Evil Queen Grimhilde Vinyl Figure: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Parks Wicked Queen from Snow White Figurine Ornament NEW". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Snow White Evil Queens Statue Set by David Kracov & EFX: Patio, Lawn & Garden". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney – Snow White & The Severn Dwarfs – Wicked Queen – Figure 4: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Snow White Exclusive 3 inch PVC Figurine Wicked Queen: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Std Size Women (12–14) – Disneys TM Snow White EVIL Queen Costume: Adult Sized Costumes: Clothing". Amazon.com. November 9, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Leg Avenue Costumes Disney 3Pc.Evil Queen Includes Dress Belt and Crown Head Piece: Clothing". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Halloween The Wicked Queen (Snow White) – Card Face Mask – Licensed Pr...: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"250180 Evil Queen Hat: Sun Hats: Clothing". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Princesses and Villains on Pinterest | 73 Pins". Pinterest.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Evil Queen Tank". WetSeal. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Villainous Tees and Pockets of Disney Character Coming to Disney Parks This Fall « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Disney Snow White Evil Queen Pullover Top". Hot Topic. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Disney Snow White Evil Queen Crew Socks 2 Pair". Hot Topic. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Missy Fashion T Shirt Villains Beware: Clothing". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Parks Evil Queen Wicked Princess Snow White Hooded Sweatshirt Jacket: Clothing". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Evil Queen Watch for Adults – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Watches". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Celebrating 'Artists Among Us' at the Disneyland Resort « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Women's VL2001 Evil Queen Silver Dial Silver-Tone Charm Watch: Watches". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Hallmark Disney Especially Evil DYG9714 Evil Queen Desk Mirror : Other Products : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Buckle Down Disney's Snow White Evil Queen Grimhilde Seatbelt Keychain: Clothing". Amazon.com. July 11, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Villains "Evil Queen" Keychain/Dangler – Limited Availability: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Evil Queen Kwikset KW1 House Key Disney New – Home Decor Products". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Evil Queen Mug – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Drinkware". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Evil Queen Mug – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Drinkware". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Evil Queen as Hag Mug – Candy Cauldron | Drinkware". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Evil Queen Coffee Mug Snow White & Dwarfs: Kitchen & Dining". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014. "Hallmark Disney Especially Evil DYG9717 Evil Queen Before/After Coffee Mug : Villains Mug : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014. "Disney Store The Queen Coffee Mug Cup Snow Snow Villains : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Horrors! Disney's wicked queen reigns supreme on a collector's a Bradford Exchange Recommendation". Lawrence Journal-World. July 11, 1993. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Limited Edition Disney Villains Porcelain Evil Queen Art Plate Le 1000 : Commemorative Plates : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Hallmark Disney Especially Evil DYG9716 Evil Queen – Queen of Goblet : Mugs : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Store Exclusive Designer Villains Mug Set of 6; Queen of Hearts, Maleficent, Ursula, Mother Gothel, Evil Queen, Cruella De Vil Graphic Design : Ariel Mug : Everything Else". Amazon.com. March 22, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and Evil Queen Carriage Ring Tote by Harveys | Bags & Totes". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Villains Luggage – 20 | Luggage". Disney Store. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SOHO Beauty Disney Villains Makeup Bag – Evil Queen : Beauty". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Villains Designer Dolls Collectible Limited Edition Bag Giftbag Maleficent – Christmas Bell Ornaments". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney's Snow White Evil Queen "Heartless Tote" 16" X17": Shoes". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Evil Queen Grimhilde Messenger Bag Snow White Disney: Everything Else". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Villains WICKED QUEEN Doll – Snow White Barbie Size Doll (Walt Disney Attractions): Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Villains Girl's Weekend Rolling Suitcase: Kitchen & Dining". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "brownsbasementbargains : DISNEY WORLD SNOW WHITE CANDY TIN FROM 1960'S". Vendio.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Funko Disney: Cupcake Keepsakes Evil Queen Figure: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Pokitpal Pocketpal Evil Queen from Snow White Decorative Box. : Everything Else". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "See the Full Mondo Disney Poster Gallery for "Nothing's Impossible!" | Oh My Disney". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Sneak Peek at 13 Reflections of Evil Trading Event at Epcot « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. April 30, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Disney Villains All Their Wicked Ways Giclée by Tim Rogerson | Giclées". Disney Store. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
"Villain Evil Queen Giclée by Noah | Giclées". Disney Store. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Matted Print – "Her Wish" By J. Scott Campbell – Snow White & Evil Queen". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Classic Disney Villains Notecard Set: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Wicked Queen/Witch) COMC REVIEWED Good to VG-EX (Trading Card) 1989 Brooke Bond The Magical World of Disney #2: Entertainment Collectibles". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"WICKEDNESS Disney Snow White Evil Queen Limited Edition Fine Art Giclée Print on Paper by Brian Rood at Amazon's Entertainment Collectibles Store". Amazon.com. November 26, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"A HEART FOR A HEART Disney Snow White Haunted Mansion Limited Edition Fine Art Giclée Print on Paper by Robert Farrell at Amazon's Entertainment Collectibles Store". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney VILLAINS Large 3x3 inch Stickers: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Snow White Evil Queen Button Mirror". Hot Topic. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "(Set/4) Disney Edgy Characters Magnets – A Collection of Cartoon Villains: Kitchen & Dining". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Trading Pins – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Evil Queen: Everything Else". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Store Snow White EVIL QUEEN Christmas Ornament – Decorative Hanging Ornaments". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Snow White's "Evil Queen" (Villains) Holiday Ornament – Limited Availability : Decorative Hanging Ornaments : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Hallmark Disney Snow White and the Evil Queen-2 Blown Glass Ornaments : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Villains 5 Piece Holiday Ornament Set – Maleficent * Ursula * Evil Queen * Captain Hook * Chernabog – Limited Availability : Decorative Hanging Ornaments : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Jim Shore Disney Traditions Disney Villains Ornaments Set of 4 – Enesco Disney Figurines". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Park Villains Extra Large Christmas Holiday Stocking Maleficent Ursula Wicked Queen Cruella de Ville – Christmas Decor". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "2001 Mcdonald's Toy Plush Evil Queen Clip #3 Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs Disney: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Snow White Evil Queen Minnie Mouse Bean Bag Plush: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Disney Exclusive Villains Cutesations Complete set of 8 with Tree PLUSH DOLL SET : Disney Villans Plush : Everything Else". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villains Evil Queen 150 Piece Puzzle: Toys & Games". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"Kolibri Puzzles". Klausenzo.nl. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "e.l.f. Disney Villains Collection Look Book ~ Evil Queen : Makeup Sets : Beauty". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Villains Lashes Ardell Lash Kit 2 Kits Evil Queen and Ursula : Beauty". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
"MAC Eye Shadow Venomous Villains VILE VIOLET Limited Edition RARE-NIB Beauty". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Snow White Queen Disney". eBay. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "I.N.D.U.C.K.S". Coa.inducks.org. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney + 90s Star Power!!". Imagineering Disney. April 24, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Prepare bash for Mickey's 57th, The Lewiston Journal, November 16, 1985.
Jump up ^ Snow White Collectibles Are Gold Mine, Toledo Blade, January 26, 1988.
Jump up ^ Cartoon charm: Snow White sells well in auction of animated items, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 31, 1997.
Jump up ^ Animation Art: New book lists prices of the fairest of the fair, The Free Lance-Star, January 20, 1995.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and Seven Dwarfs cartoon sells for amazing £35,000 | Weird | News | Daily Express". Express.co.uk. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ 'Snow White' still a four star movie: Truths, tidbits and magic, Bangor Daily News, July 5, 1993.
Jump up ^ 'Snow White' launched an art, Star-News, July 19, 1987.
Jump up ^ Disney's 'Snow White' is the ultimate animated masterpiece, The Victoria Advocate, October 14, 2001.
Jump up ^ Mark Nation and Samuel Wells, Faithfulness and Fortitude: Conversations with the Theological Ethics of Stanley Hauerwas, page 280.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Lee (October 21, 2011). "EXCLUSIVE: 'Once Upon A Time' Star Lana Parrilla Reveals Her Favorite Fairy Tale Characters". Latina. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Deborah Lipp, The Study of Witchcraft: A Guidebook to Advanced Wicca, page 15-16.
Jump up ^ Covert, Colin. "John Waters talks (and talks) about his subversive career". PopMatters. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mapa on the spot", The Advocate, February 18, 2003.
Jump up ^ "A Chat with the Creators of Once Upon a Time in Wonderland | Disney Insider". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Stella McCartney on Disney Villains and Angelina Jolie – The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ An interview in the February 1982 issue of Heavy Metal.
Jump up ^ Jerry Beck (April 9, 2015). "Snow White, Bugs Bunny and The Beatles' "Yellow Submarine - Animation Scoop". Animation Scoop. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Disgusting Reason A Movie Theater Had To Renovate After Showing Snow White". Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ American Film Institute (June 4, 2003). "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains". Afi.com. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Evil Queen Reigns Supreme with Three Wicked Gooey Apple Awards « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Queen Grimhilde 20 terrifying kids' movie characters". Digital Spy. July 22, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "MovieNews | We look at the Ten Scariest Disney villains of all time". Eentertainment.ie. May 23, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "All of the Disney Villains, Ranked". E! Online. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Animated Disney Villains". YouTube. September 8, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Greatest Female Movie Villains of All Time". YouTube. July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The 13 Most Badass Female Villains in Pop Culture". Nerdist. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Our top five wicked women of Disney get a GT makeover". Gay Times. December 23, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ mtv (March 26, 2015). "9 Disney Villains Who Were Better Than The Good Guys". MTV. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Akari KekseI am a horror fanatic, and a writer :D (May 26, 2015). "7 Most Terrifying And Evil Disney Villains". MoviePilot.com. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney's 15 greatest villains". GulfNews.com. July 16, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Will These 5 Disney Classics Get the Live-Action Treatment? Find out HERE". MoviePilot.com. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Time to Cast Those Meddling Disney Villains for Future Live-Actions!". MoviePilot.com. July 17, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ The Frisky (January 29, 2016). "Linguists Have Nailed The Exact Problem With Disney's Princess Movies". The Frisky. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, page 234.
Jump up ^ Alan Charles Kors and Edward Peter, Witchcraft in Europe: 1100–1700: A Documentary History, University of Pennsylvania Press 2001, page 30.
Jump up ^ David J. Skal, The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror, page 240.
Jump up ^ William Stillman and Jay Scarfone, The Wizardry of Oz: The Artistry and Magic of The 1939 MGM Classic (Applause Theatre Book Publishers, United States, 2004). ISBN 1-55783-624-8.
Jump up ^ Jack Zipes (January 27, 2011). "The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films". Books.google.com. p. 96. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Traumas Infantiles. "Caperucita y Pulgarcito contra los monstruos (1962)". Cinecutre.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ancient Magic and the Supernatural in the Modern Visual and Performing Arts". Books.google.com. April 23, 2015. p. 181. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Hugga Bunch Movie". Crowncombo.com. March 18, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Raya & Redondo. "DeLaC Aventuras - Curse of Enchantia". Delac.es. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Deborah Cartmell, Imelda Whelehan, Adaptations: From Text to Screen, Screen to Text, page 32.
Jump up ^ 'Macbeth' now a comic, The Bulletin, September 16, 1982.
Jump up ^ 'Willow' packed with special effects, The Nevada Daily Mail, July 15, 1988.
Jump up ^ Cinefantastique 19, page 109.
Jump up ^ Robin Wood, Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan...and Beyond: A Revised and Expanded Edition of the Classic Text (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), p. 154, ISBN 0-231-12966-1.
Jump up ^ Retro Gamer 35, page 50.
Jump up ^ "la cattiva: inseguo sempre la TV". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Villain Spotlight Series: Evil Queen". Blogs.disney.com. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Robin Allan, Walt Disney and Europe (Indiana University Press, Indiana, 1999). ISBN 0-253-21353-3.
Jump up ^ "Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game – Commodore Amiga – Manual". gamesdbase.com. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sinemanın gerçek cadısı – Radikal Radikal İki". Radikal.com.tr. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Biancaneve". Elvifrance.fr. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Groovy Age of Horror — BIANCANEVE, Pt. 3". Groovyageofhorror.tumblr.com. February 15, 2006. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wloszczyna, Susan (November 14, 2007). "Enchanted princess steps out of cartoon, into Manhattan". USA Today. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
Jump up ^ Olivier Mouroux. "Animated Movies". Famillemouroux.free.fr. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Did Snow White Live 'Happily Ever After'?, The Daily Gazette, January 1, 1990.
Jump up ^ "SNOW WHITE REVISITED: THE QUEEN'S DEAD, BUT CONFLICT ISN'T BANISHED". Dayton Daily News, May 28, 1993.
Jump up ^ "Annie Hall script by Woody Allen". Dailyscript.com. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "GCD :: Issue :: Dylan Dog #18 - Cagliostro!". www.comics.org.
Jump up ^ "May is Massive on Fox". FoxFlash. Archived from the original on April 12, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Snider on "Muppet Snow White"". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Watch Disney's Villains Perform Their Version Of Chicago's Cell Block Tango". CinemaBlend.com. October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "We're Counting Scars This Halloween". Disney Blogs. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "[VIDEO] Disney Villains Star In OneRepublic Parody Of 'Counting Stars' - Hollywood Life". Hollywood Life. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Snow White and the Seven Thugs". YouTube. 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2014-07-05.
hide
v
t
e
Snow White by the Brothers Grimm
Disney franchise
Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree
Snow-White-Fire-Red
The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights
Standalone films
Snow White (1902)
Snow White (1916)
Betty Boop in Snow-White (1933)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (1943)
The Seven Dwarfs to the Rescue (1951)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1955)
Snow White and the Three Stooges (1961)
Snow White (1962)
The New Adventures of Snow White (1969)
A Snow White Christmas (1980)
Neberte nám princeznú (1981)
Snow White (1987)
Happily Ever After (1990)
Snow White (1995)
Snow White: A Tale of Terror (1997)
Snow White: The Fairest of Them All (2001)
7 Dwarves – Men Alone in the Wood (2004)
Snow White: The Sequel (2007)
Sydney White (2007)
Happily N'Ever After 2: Snow White Another Bite @ the Apple (2009)
Blanche Neige (2009)
Grimm's Snow White (2012)
Mirror Mirror (2012)
Blancanieves (2012)
Snow White: A Deadly Summer (2012)
The Seventh Dwarf (2014)
Charming (2018)
The Huntsman film series
Snow White and the Huntsman (2012)
The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016)
Television series
The 10th Kingdom (miniseries)
The Charmings (sitcom)
The Legend of Snow White (anime series)
Prétear (anime series)
Once Upon a Time (drama series)
Sofia the First (TV series) ("The Enchanted Feast") (Season 2, Episode 27)
The 7D (TV series)
Stage
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (musical)
A Snow White Christmas (musical)
Other media
Fables (comics)
Mira, Mirror (novel)
Mirror Mirror (novel)
Red as Blood (short story)
Schneewittchen (opera)
Seven Dwarfs Mine Train (attraction)
Snow White (comic strip)
Snow White's Scary Adventures (attraction)
Snow White Grotto (attraction)
Snow White: Happily Ever After (video game)
"Snow, Glass, Apples" (short story)
The Serpent's Shadow (novel)
Fairest (novel)
Politically Correct Bedtime Stories (short story collection)
Amada Anime Series: Super Mario Bros. (OVA)
The Wolf Among Us (video game)
Ballet
The Magic Mirror (1903)
Characters
Snow White
Snow White (Disney)
Mary Margaret Blanchard
The Queen
Evil Queen (Disney)
Regina Mills
Queen of Fables
The Seven Dwarfs
The Magic Mirror
The King
The Huntsman
Prince Charming
David Nolan
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evil_Queen_(Disney)&oldid=855763819"
Categories:
Animated human characters
Disney animated villains
Disney comics characters
Snow White (franchise)
Female characters in animation
Female characters in film
Fictional alchemists
Fictional characters who use magic
Fictional characters introduced in 1937
Fictional murderers
Fictional queens
Fictional shapeshifters
Fictional witches
Kingdom Hearts characters
Narcissism in fiction
Queen (Snow White)
Video game bosses
Witchcraft in film
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from September 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Good articles
Use mdy dates from August 2017
Pages using deprecated image syntax
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Euskara
Français
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Norsk
Português
Русский
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 August 2018, at 17:32 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: href title

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: p

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #9A90C5; color: #000000;

value: tr

values: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)

value: i

value: td

attrs: href class

values: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (musical)

values: text-align:center;background: #9A90C5; color: #000000;

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: Edit section: In Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

values: Edit section: Conception, design and portrayal

values:
/wiki/Naumburg_(Saale)
mw-redirect
Naumburg (Saale)

values:
/wiki/Helen_Gahagan
mw-redirect
Helen Gahagan

values:
/wiki/Germany_in_the_Middle_Ages
mw-redirect
Germany in the Middle Ages

values:
/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Family_Museum
mw-redirect
The Walt Disney Family Museum

values:
/wiki/Jafar_(Disney_character)
mw-redirect
Jafar (Disney character)

values:
/wiki/Walt_Disney:_One_Man%27s_Dream
mw-redirect
Walt Disney: One Man's Dream

values:
/wiki/Judge_Frollo
mw-redirect
Judge Frollo

values:
/wiki/Lady_Tremaine
mw-redirect
Lady Tremaine

values:
/wiki/Witch_Hazel_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Witch Hazel (Disney)

values:
/wiki/Disney_Channel_Original_Movies
mw-redirect
Disney Channel Original Movies

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts:_Birth_by_Sleep
mw-redirect
Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep

values: Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse

values: Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse (2013 video game)

values:
/wiki/Disney_Press
mw-redirect
Disney Press

values:
/wiki/Chip_%27n_Dale
mw-redirect
Chip 'n Dale

values:
/wiki/Disney_Live
mw-redirect
Disney Live

values:
/wiki/Disney_Villains
mw-redirect
Disney Villains

values:
/wiki/Ariel_(Disney_character)
mw-redirect
Ariel (Disney character)

values:
/wiki/Belle_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Belle (Disney)

values:
/wiki/Hades_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Hades (Disney)

values: Edit section: Critical reception and popularity

values:
/wiki/John_Waters_(director_born_1946)
mw-redirect
John Waters (director born 1946)

values:
/wiki/Edward_Peter
mw-redirect
Edward Peter

values:
/wiki/Disney_villains
mw-redirect
Disney villains

values: Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

values:
/wiki/Ursula_(Disney)
mw-redirect
Ursula (Disney)

values:
/wiki/Enchanted_(2007_film)
mw-redirect
Enchanted (2007 film)

values:
/wiki/Happily_Ever_After_(1993_film)
mw-redirect
Happily Ever After (1993 film)

values:
/wiki/Buena_Vista_International
mw-redirect
Buena Vista International

values: Edit section: Homage cameos and parodies

values:
/wiki/Queen_(Snow_White)
mw-redirect
Queen (Snow White)

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmsite.org/snow.html

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.amazon.com/dp/0786834641

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.esquiloscans.com.br/?a=26

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00EVX1BN2/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002UQE8UU/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00BH4XRBW/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A85Z5FC/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0028IHDAW/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000FNMQMM/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00427VWTU/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0042K4ARI/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B008HPT7UY/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00KB0Z9BE/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00M0DQG4E/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AFDZLXI

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0026XHNAY/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DSPK1Z8/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00006CFCY/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00C6U9KG2/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FI1RKR2/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00EPNWF60/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IO615DI/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CR5H5W2/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003D3WQT4/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DD58TRU/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JXZ1G3S/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00KAJ94VC/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CWD40JA/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LEXGJ52/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DD5L0MG/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LPR81H6/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DZEGYIU/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DD55DRE/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A2X20GC/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00H2VB7CA/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00669UL30/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A7GT84Q/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003MSFEGC/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003B4YTFY/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IJLW06O/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DHE6HBW/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DVOOVUC/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00B96WHW8/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00CR1T4Q6/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00L5KI75Y/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00F9KJX6S/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00F9KK100/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0043CD9YK/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00BF5FSBU/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004GFIYW6/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00GQ2QYAG/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00HFYR4BC/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00GQ2J84U/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005LVPQKC/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FQXD6YS

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00ISCEOUY/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00K5B00U4/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AA33BJO/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002V7N3NQ/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FBSJ6II/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00KRMIQ5C/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004QRXOVA/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.afi.com/100years/handv.aspx

values:
nofollow
external text
https://moviepilot.com/posts/2938974

values:
nofollow
external text
http://moviepilot.com/posts/2838845

values:
nofollow
external text
http://moviepilot.com/posts/3386100

values:
nofollow
external text
http://famillemouroux.free.fr/News.html

values:
nofollow
http://www.comics.org/issue/44258/
external text

values: The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights

values:
*Disney_franchise
*Gold-Tree_and_Silver-Tree
*Snow-White-Fire-Red
*The_Tale_of_the_Dead_Princess_and_the_Seven_Knights

values: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1955 film)

values: Happily N'Ever After 2: Snow White Another Bite @ the Apple

values: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play)

values: Red as Blood, or Tales from the Sisters Grimmer

values: Snow White: Happily Ever After (video game)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Fictional characters who use magic

values: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1937

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Evil_Queen_(Disney)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Չար թագուհի (Դիսնեյ) – Armenian

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimilde
Grimilde – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: Злая королева (Дисней) – Russian

values: Зла королева (Дісней) – Ukrainian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Evil_Queen_Disney rootpage-Evil_Queen_Disney skin-vector action-view