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Six Nations Championship
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Six Nations Championship
Current season or competition::
2018 Six Nations Championship
The NatWest 6 Nations logo
Sport
Rugby union
Instituted
1883 (as Home Nations Championship)
1910 (as Five Nations Championship)
2000 (as Six Nations Championship)
Number of teams
6
Country
England
France
Ireland
Italy
Scotland
Wales
Holders
England (38th title) (2017)
Most titles
England (38: 28 outright titles, 10 shared titles)
Website
www.sixnationsrugby.com
The Six Nations Championship[a] (known as the NatWest 6 Nations for sponsorship reasons) is an annual international rugby union competition between the teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. The current champions are England, having won the 2017 tournament.
The Six Nations is the successor to the Home Nations Championship (1883–1909 and 1932–39), played between teams from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, which was the first international rugby union tournament.[1] With the addition of France, this became the Five Nations Championship (1910–31 and 1947–99), which in turn became the Six Nations Championship with the addition of Italy. The winners of the Six Nations Championship are sometimes unofficially referred to in the media as the European Champions or Northern Hemisphere Champions.
England hold the record for outright wins of the Home Nations, Five Nations and Six Nations tournaments, with 28 titles, although Wales follow closely with 26 outright wins with the addition of 12 shared victories to England's 10. Since the Six Nations era started in 2000, only Italy and Scotland have failed to win the Six Nations title, although Scotland were the last outright winners of the Five Nations.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and expansion
2 Format
3 Trophies
3.1 Championship Trophy
3.2 Grand Slam and Triple Crown
3.3 Rivalry trophies
4 Current venues
5 Anthems
6 Results
6.1 Overall
6.2 Home Nations (1883–1909)
6.3 Five Nations (1910–1931)
6.4 Home Nations (1932–1939)
6.5 Five Nations (1940–1999)
6.6 Six Nations (2000–present)
6.7 Six Nations all-time table pre-bonus point scoring (2000–2016)
6.8 Six Nations all-time table with bonus point scoring (2017–)
7 Titles and awards
8 Records
9 Administration and television contracts
10 Sponsorship
11 See also
12 Notes
13 Sources
14 References
15 External links
History and expansion[edit]
The tournament was first played in 1883 as the Home Nations Championship among the four Home Nations — England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The tournament then became the Five Nations Championship in 1910 with the addition of France. The tournament expanded in 2000 to become the Six Nations Championship with the addition of Italy.
Following the relative success of the Tier 2 nations in the 2015 Rugby World Cup, there were calls by Octavian Morariu, the president of Rugby Union's governing body for promotion and development, to let Georgia and Romania join the Six Nations due to their consistent success in the European Nations Cup and ability to compete in the Rugby World Cup.[2][3]
Format[edit]
The locations of the Six Nations participants
Played annually, the format of the Championship is simple: each team plays every other team once (making a total of 15 matches), with home ground advantage alternating from one year to the next. Prior to the 2017 tournament, two points were awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss. Unlike many other rugby union competitions the bonus point system has not previously been used.
On 30 November 2016, the 6 Nations Committee announced that the bonus point system will be trialled for the 2017 Championship. The system will be similar to the one used in most rugby championships (0 points for a loss, 2 for a draw, 4 for a win, 1 for scoring four or more tries in match, and 1 for losing by 7 points or fewer), with the only difference being that a Grand Slam winner will be given 3 extra points to ensure they finish top of the table.
Prior to 1994, teams equal on match points shared the championship. Since then, ties have been broken by considering the points difference of the teams. The rules of the championship further provide that if teams tie on both match points and points difference, the team that scored the most tries wins the championship. Were this decider to be a tie, the tying teams would share the championship.[4] To date, however, match points and points difference have been sufficient to decide the championship.
Also, the team that finishes at the bottom of the league table is said to have "won" the Wooden Spoon, although no actual trophy is given to the team. A team that has lost all five matches is said to have been whitewashed. Since the inaugural Six Nations tournament in 2000, only England and Ireland have avoided the Wooden Spoon award. Italy are the holders of the most Wooden Spoon awards in the Six Nations era with eleven, and have been whitewashed six times. However, each of the other five nations has accumulated more than that through competing in previous eras.
Trophies[edit]
Championship Trophy[edit]
The Original Six Nations Championship Trophy (1993–2014) and The Triple Crown Trophy
The winners of the Six Nations are presented with the Championship Trophy.[5] This was originally conceived by the Earl of Westmorland, and was first presented to the winners of the 1993 championship, France. It is a sterling silver trophy, designed by James Brent-Ward and made by a team of eight silversmiths from the London firm William Comyns.
It has 15 side panels representing the 15 members of the team and with three handles to represent the three officials (referee and two touch judges). The cup has a capacity of 3.75 litres – sufficient for five bottles of champagne. Within the mahogany base is a concealed drawer which contains six alternate finials, each a silver replica of one of the team emblems, which can be screwed on the detachable lid.
A new trophy was introduced for the 2015 Championship.[6] The new trophy was designed and crafted by Thomas Lyte silversmiths and replaces the 1993 edition, which is being retired as it represented the nations that took part in the Five Nations Championship. Ireland were the last team to win the old trophy, and coincidentally, the first team to win the new one.[7]
Grand Slam and Triple Crown[edit]
A team that wins all its games wins the 'Grand Slam'.
Victory by any Home Nation over the other three Home Nations is a 'Triple Crown'. Although this achievement has long been a feature of the tournament, it was not until 2006 that a physical Triple Crown trophy was awarded.
The Triple Crown may only be won by England, Ireland, Scotland or Wales, when one nation wins all three of their matches against the others, during the Six Nations Championship. The Triple Crown honour has long been a feature of the tournament, dating back to the original Home Nations Championship, but the physical Triple Crown Trophy has been awarded only since 2006. The current holder of the Triple Crown is England, who defeated Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in the 2016 championship. For the 2006 Six Nations, the Royal Bank of Scotland (the primary sponsor of the competition) commissioned Hamilton & Inches to design and create a dedicated Triple Crown Trophy. It has since been won three times by Ireland and twice by England and Wales.
Rivalry trophies[edit]
Several individual competitions take place under the umbrella of the tournament. The oldest such regular competition is for the Calcutta Cup, contested annually between England and Scotland since 1879. It is named the Calcutta Cup as it is made from melted-down Indian Rupees donated by the Calcutta Club. Since 1988, the Millennium Trophy has been awarded to the winner of the game between England and Ireland, and since 1989 the Centenary Quaich has been awarded to the winner of the game between Ireland and Scotland. Since 2007, France and Italy have contested the Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy; it was created for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the Italian hero who helped unify Italy and volunteered in the French Republican Army against Prussia.
The following trophies are contested within the main competition, mostly as long-standing fixtures between pairs of teams:
Calcutta Cup – England versus Scotland; contested annually since 1879.[8]
Millennium Trophy – England versus Ireland; contested since 1988, presented to celebrate Dublin's millennium in 1988.[9]
Centenary Quaich – Ireland versus Scotland; contested annually since 1989.[10][11][12]
Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy – France versus Italy; contested since 2007, in memory of Giuseppe Garibaldi, leader in the unification of Italy and volunteer in the French Republican Army against Prussia.
Auld Alliance Trophy – France versus Scotland; contested annually since 2018, in memory of the war dead from the rugby communities of Scotland and France[13].
Current venues[edit]
The Aviva Stadium, Dublin
As of the current 2018 competition, Six Nations matches will be held in the following stadia:
Team
Stadium
Capacity
England Twickenham Stadium 82,000
France Stade de France 81,338
Stade Vélodrome 67,394
Wales Millennium Stadium 74,500
Italy Stadio Olimpico 72,698
Scotland Murrayfield Stadium 67,144
Ireland Aviva Stadium 51,700
The opening of the Aviva Stadium in May 2010 ended the arrangement with the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) that allowed the all-Ireland governing body for rugby union, the Irish Rugby Football Union, to use the GAA's flagship stadium, Croke Park, for its international matches. This arrangement was made necessary by the 2007 closure and subsequent demolition of Ireland's traditional home at Lansdowne Road; the Aviva was built on the former Lansdowne Road site. During the construction of the Aviva, Croke Park was the largest of the Six Nations grounds, with a capacity of 82,300.
In the late 2000s, the increasing popularity of rugby in Italy meant that the Stadio Flaminio was becoming less viable as a home ground for the country's team. As the 2010s approached, it had been speculated that Italy's Six Nations home matches would in future be held at football stadiums such as the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, or in the North where rugby is most popular. Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa (42,000 seats) and Stadio Ennio Tardini in Parma (almost 28,000 seats) were suggested as alternative grounds. Improvements to the Flaminio, intended to increase the capacity from 32,000 to 42,000, were announced, apparently increasing the likelihood that rugby would stay at Stadio Flaminio, although it remained the smallest of the Six Nations grounds.[14] However, the city of Rome, owner of the Flaminio, delayed the promised renovations, causing the Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) to lose patience with the city. In April 2011, it was reported that the FIR would move its home matches to Stadio Artemio Franchi in Florence.[15] The city of Rome then began renovations of the Flaminio, which presumably prompted the FIR to announce in July of that year that it would instead keep its home matches in the city at Stadio Olimpico.[16] The FIR also announced it planned to return to the Flaminio once the project was complete,[17] but never did so, and retained Olimpico for Italy's home fixtures.
In November 2010, the French Rugby Federation (FFR) announced that it was planning to build a new stadium of its own within the Paris region.[18] The FFR had grown increasingly frustrated with several aspects of their use of the Stade de France: not only the high rental expense, but also the irritation that it does not receive priority when scheduling matches – with the possible exception of the Six Nations itself.[19]
In June 2012, FFR announced the site for its new ground – tentatively known as Grand Stade FFR – in the southern suburbs of Paris. The site was located 25.0 km (15.5 mi) from the centre of Paris.[20] The 82,000-seat stadium, featuring a retractable roof and slide-out pitch, would have been built on a former horse racing track in Évry. The new stadium, estimated to cost €600 million, was scheduled to open in 2017.[19] After numerous delays, the project was cancelled in December 2016 after Bernard Laporte was elected president of the FFR.[21]
Anthems[edit]
Before the start of each game the national anthem of both teams is sung by their players and supporters. "God Save the Queen", the national anthem of the United Kingdom,[22] is used only by England. Wales and Scotland each sing their own national anthem. Ireland, whose rugby team represents two jurisdictions, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, has both the Republic's anthem and a specially commissioned one for rugby internationals.
England: "God Save the Queen". England has no official national anthem. However, it chooses to use the national anthem of the United Kingdom "God Save the Queen/King".
France: "La Marseillaise"
Ireland: "Amhrán na bhFiann" and "Ireland's Call". Ireland's rugby team represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. At home games, the Republic's national anthem "Amhrán na bhFiann" is sung first, followed by "Ireland's Call". For away games, only "Ireland's Call" is sung.
Italy: "Il Canto degli Italiani", usually called "L'inno di Mameli" or "Fratelli d'Italia."
Scotland: "Flower of Scotland". Scotland has no official national anthem. However, since the national rugby union team adopted "Flower of Scotland" in 1990, most other Scottish sports teams have followed suit.
Wales: "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau"
Results[edit]
Overall[edit]

England

France

Ireland

Italy

Scotland

Wales
Tournaments 121 88 123 18 123 123
Outright Wins (Shared Wins)
Home Nations 5 (4) NA 4 (4) NA 10 (3) 7 (4)
Five Nations 17 (6) 12 (8) 6 (5) NA 5 (6) 15 (8)
Six Nations 6 5 3 0 0 4
Overall 28 (10) 17 (8) 13 (9) 0 (0) 15 (9) 26 (12)
Grand Slams
Home Nations 0 NA 0 NA 0 2
Five Nations 11 6 1 NA 3 6
Six Nations 2 3 1 0 0 3
Overall 13 9 2 0 3 11
Triple Crowns
Home Nations 5 NA 2 NA 7 6
Five Nations 16 NA 4 NA 3 11
Six Nations 4 NA 4 NA 0 3
Overall 25 NA 10 NA 10 20
Wooden Spoons
Home Nations 11 NA 15 NA 8 8
Five Nations 14 17 21 NA 21 12
Six Nations 0 1 0 12 4 1
Overall 25 18 36 12 33 21
Home Nations (1883–1909)[edit]
Year
Champions
Grand Slam
Triple Crown
Calcutta Cup
1883 England Not contested England England
1884 England England England
1885 Not completed Not completed
1886 England and Scotland – –
1887 Scotland – –
1888 Ireland, Scotland and Wales England didn't participate
1889 Scotland England didn't participate
1890 England and Scotland – England
1891 Scotland Scotland Scotland
1892 England England England
1893 Wales Wales Scotland
1894 Ireland Ireland Scotland
1895 Scotland Scotland Scotland
1896 Ireland – Scotland
1897 Not completed Not completed England
1898 Not completed Not completed –
1899 Ireland Ireland Scotland
1900 Wales Wales –
1901 Scotland Scotland Scotland
1902 Wales Wales England
1903 Scotland Scotland Scotland
1904 Scotland – Scotland
1905 Wales Wales Scotland
1906 Ireland and Wales – England
1907 Scotland Scotland Scotland
1908 Wales Wales Wales Scotland
1909 Wales Wales Wales Scotland
Five Nations (1910–1931)[edit]
Year
Champions
Grand Slam
Triple Crown
Calcutta Cup
1910 England – – England
1911 Wales Wales Wales England
1912 Ireland and England – – Scotland
1913 England England England England
1914 England England England England
1915–19 Not held due to World War I
1920 Scotland, Wales and England – – England
1921 England England England England
1922 Wales – – England
1923 England England England England
1924 England England England England
1925 Scotland Scotland Scotland Scotland
1926 Ireland and Scotland – – Scotland
1927 Ireland and Scotland – – Scotland
1928 England England England England
1929 Scotland – – Scotland
1930 England – – –
1931 Wales – – Scotland
Home Nations (1932–1939)[edit]
Year
Champions
Grand Slam
Triple Crown
Calcutta Cup
1932 England, Ireland and Wales – – England
1933 Scotland – Scotland Scotland
1934 England – England England
1935 Ireland – – Scotland
1936 Wales – – England
1937 England – England England
1938 Scotland – Scotland Scotland
1939 England, Ireland, Wales – – England
Five Nations (1940–1999)[edit]
Year
Champions
Grand Slam
Triple Crown
Calcutta Cup
Millennium Trophy
Centenary Quaich
1940–46 Not held due to World War II Not contested
1947 England and Wales – – England
1948 Ireland Ireland Ireland Scotland
1949 Ireland – Ireland England
1950 Wales Wales Wales Scotland
1951 Ireland – – England
1952 Wales Wales Wales England
1953 England – – England
1954 England, France and Wales England England
1955 France and Wales – – England
1956 Wales – – England
1957 England England England England
1958 England – – –
1959 France – – –
1960 England and France – England England
1961 France – – England
1962 France – – –
1963 England – – England
1964 Scotland and Wales – – Scotland
1965 Wales – Wales –
1966 Wales – – Scotland
1967 France – – England
1968 France France – England
1969 Wales – Wales England
1970 France and Wales – – Scotland
1971 Wales Wales Wales Scotland
1972 Not completed Scotland
1973 England, France, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales – – England
1974 Ireland – – Scotland
1975 Wales – – England
1976 Wales Wales Wales Scotland
1977 France France Wales England
1978 Wales Wales Wales England
1979 Wales – Wales –
1980 England England England England
1981 France France – England
1982 Ireland – Ireland –
1983 France and Ireland – – Scotland
1984 Scotland Scotland Scotland Scotland
1985 Ireland – Ireland England
1986 France and Scotland – – Scotland
1987 France France – England
1988 France and Wales – Wales England
1989 France – – – England Scotland
1990 Scotland Scotland Scotland Scotland England Scotland
1991 England England England England England Scotland
1992 England England England England England Scotland
1993 France – – England Ireland Scotland
1994 Wales – – England Ireland –
1995 England England England England England Scotland
1996 England – England England England Scotland
1997 France France England England England Scotland
1998 France France England England England Scotland
1999 Scotland – – England England Scotland
Six Nations (2000–present)[edit]
Year
Champions
Grand Slam
Triple Crown
Calcutta Cup
Millennium
Trophy
Centenary
Quaich
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Trophy
Auld Alliance
Trophy
Wooden Spoon
2000 England – – Scotland England Ireland Not contested Not contested Italy
2001 England – – England Ireland Scotland Italy
2002 France France England England England Ireland Italy
2003 England England England England England Ireland Wales
2004 France France Ireland England Ireland Ireland Scotland
2005 Wales Wales Wales England Ireland Ireland Italy
2006 France – Ireland Scotland Ireland Ireland Italy
2007 France – Ireland England Ireland Ireland France Scotland
2008 Wales Wales Wales Scotland England Ireland France Italy
2009 Ireland Ireland Ireland England Ireland Ireland France Italy
2010 France France – – Ireland Scotland France Italy
2011 England – – England Ireland Ireland Italy Italy
2012 Wales Wales Wales England England Ireland France Scotland
2013 Wales – – England England Scotland Italy France
2014 Ireland – England England England Ireland France Italy
2015 Ireland – – England Ireland Ireland France Scotland
2016 England England England England England Ireland France Italy
2017 England – – England Ireland Scotland France Italy
2018 – – – – – – – Scotland –
Six Nations all-time table pre-bonus point scoring (2000–2016)[edit]
Source:[23]
Ctry
Pld
W
D
L
PF
PA
PD
T
Pts
Champ
GS
TC
WS
England 85 60 1 24 2350 1327 +1023 245 121 6 2 4 0
Ireland 85 55 3 27 2080 1536 +544 211 113 3 1 4 0
France 85 54 2 29 2084 1534 +550 200 110 5 3 N/A 1
Wales 85 47 3 35 1984 1811 +173 183 97 4 3 3 1
Scotland 85 21 2 62 1378 2115 −737 102 44 0 0 0 4
Italy 85 12 1 72 1239 2792 −1553 105 25 0 0 N/A 11
Six Nations all-time table with bonus point scoring (2017–)[edit]
Ctry
Pld
W
D
L
PF
PA
PD
T
LB
TB
Pts
Champ
GS
TC
WS
England 7 6 0 1 204 102 +102 25 1 3 28 1 0 0 0
Ireland 7 5 0 2 197 109 +88 22 1 2 23 0 0 0 0
Scotland 7 4 0 3 161 178 -17 17 1 1 18 0 0 0 0
Wales 7 3 0 4 142 105 +37 12 3 1 16 0 0 0 0
France 7 3 0 4 146 137 +9 11 3 1 16 0 0 N/A 0
Italy 7 0 0 7 84 303 −219 11 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 1
Titles and awards[edit]
Grand Slams and Triple Crowns
Nation
Grand Slams
Last Slam
Triple Crowns
Last Crown
England 13 2016 25 2016
Wales 11 2012 20 2012
France 9 2010 N/A N/A
Scotland 3 1990 10 1990
Ireland 2 2009 10 2009
Italy 0 Never N/A N/A
Longest wait without a championship win
Team
Tournaments
Years
Seasons
France 24 43 1910–1953
Ireland 24 24 1985–2009
Scotland 19 26 1938–1964
Italy 18 18 2000–
England 16 18 1892–1910
Wales 11 11 1994–2005
Wooden Spoon winners (last place)
Team
Wooden
Spoons
Years awarded
Italy 12 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2017
Scotland 4 2004, 2007, 2012, 2015
Wales 1 2003
France 1 2013
England 0
Ireland 0
Bold indicates that the team did not win any matches.
Player of the tournament winners
Year
Winner
2004 Gordon D'Arcy
2005 Martyn Williams
2006 Brian O'Driscoll
2007 Brian O'Driscoll
2008 Shane Williams
2009 Brian O'Driscoll
2010 Tommy Bowe
2011 Andrea Masi
2012 Dan Lydiate
2013 Leigh Halfpenny
2014 Mike Brown
2015 Paul O'Connell
2016 Stuart Hogg
2017 Stuart Hogg
Records[edit]
Main article: List of Six Nations Championship records
England's Jonny Wilkinson currently holds the records for individual points in one match (35 points against Italy in 2001) and one season with 89 (scored in 2001). Ronan O'Gara of Ireland holds the career scoring record with 557 points to Wilkinson's 546, having surpassed Wilkinson in Round 3 of the 2011 championship.
The record for tries in a match is held by Scotsman George Lindsay who scored five tries against Wales in 1887.[24] England's Cyril Lowe and Scotland's Ian Smith jointly hold the record for tries in one season with 8 (Lowe in 1914, Smith in 1925). Ireland's Brian O'Driscoll has the Championship record for tries with 26.
The record for appearances is held by O'Gara, with 63 Six Nations appearances from the start of the Six Nations era in 2000 to his retirement in 2013. He surpassed countryman Mike Gibson in the first round of the 2012 tournament against Wales. Gibson played in 56 Five Nations matches (Italy had not become part of the Championship yet) between 1964 and 1979.[24]
The most points scored by a team in one match was 80 points, scored by England against Italy in 2001. England also scored the most ever points in a season in 2001 with 229, and most tries in a season with 29.[24] Wales hold the record for fewest tries conceded during a season in the Six Nations era, conceding only 2 in 5 games in 2008, but the 1977 Grand Slam-winning France team did not concede a try in their four matches. Wales hold the record for the longest time without conceding a try, at 358 minutes in the 2013 tournament.
Administration and television contracts[edit]
The Championship is run from headquarters in Dublin, Ireland by Six Nations Rugby Ltd.,[25] which also takes responsibility for the British and Irish Lions tours. CEO of the Championship is John Feehan, a former Leinster player. Television contracts, sponsorship, match venues and other logistical problems are addressed.
The BBC have covered the tournament since the start, covering all matches apart from England home matches which were live on Sky Sports with highlights on BBC between 1997 and 2002.[26] Between 2003 and 2015, the BBC covered every match live on BBC Sport either on BBC One or BBC Two with highlights also on the BBC Sport website and either on the BBC Red Button or late at night on BBC Two. In 2011, it was announced that the BBC's coverage of the tournament on TV, radio and online would be extended to 2017.[27] However, on 9 July 2015, in reaction to satellite pay-TV bids from Sky Sports and BT Sport for coverage from 2017, BBC agreed to lose exclusive rights to the tournament two years early. But from 2016, BBC and ITV would jointly broadcast the tournament in the UK, with BBC showing all France, Scotland and Wales home matches live, and ITV showing all England, Ireland and Italy home matches live.[28] This means that the Six Nations will remain on free-to-air television in the UK until 2021.
In Ireland, RTÉ have broadcast the championship since RTÉ's inception and continued to do so until 2017, while TG4 televised highlights. However in late 2015 it was announced that free to air rival TV3 would take over the rights for every game from the Six Nations on Irish Television from 2018–2021, so that after the 2017 championship RTÉ lost the rights.[29]
France Télévisions covered the competition in France; this lasted until 2017. In Italy, from 2014 to 2017 DMAX of Discovery Communications broadcast all matches. In the United States, NBC Sports broadcasts matches in English and TV5 Monde airs matches in French.[30] In Wales, S4C broadcasts matches featuring the Welsh team in the Welsh language.
Sponsorship[edit]
From 1883 to 1998, the Championship had no title sponsor. Sponsorship rights were sold to Lloyds TSB for the 1999 tournament and remained title sponsor until 2003.[31] Royal Bank of Scotland Group took over the sponsorship from 2004 until 2017. A new main title sponsor was sought for the 2018 tournament and beyond.[32] However, after struggling to find a new sponsor, organisers agreed a new 1 year extension with Royal Bank of Scotland Group at reduced rate. As the RBS initials brand is being phased out, the tournament will be named after subsidiary, NatWest.[33]
Period
Sponsor
Name
1883–1910 No sponsor Home Nations Championship
1910–1998 No sponsor Five Nations Championship
1999 Lloyds TSB Lloyds TSB 5 Nations
2000–2003 Lloyds TSB Lloyds TSB 6 Nations
2004–2017 Royal Bank of Scotland Group RBS 6 Nations
2018 Royal Bank of Scotland Group NatWest 6 Nations
See also[edit]
Rugby union portal
Six Nations Under 20s Championship
Women's Six Nations Championship
Rugby World Cup
World Rugby Under 20 Championship
Women's Rugby World Cup
List of Six Nations Championship hat-tricks
Notes[edit]
a. ^ Name of the Six Nations Championship in the languages of participating countries:
Six Nations Championship
French: Tournoi des Six Nations
Irish: Comórtas na Sé Náisiún
Italian: Torneo delle sei nazioni
Scots: Sax Nations Kemp
Scottish Gaelic: Na Sia Nàiseanan
Welsh: Pencampwriaeth y Chwe Gwlad
Sources[edit]
Godwin, Terry (1984). The International Rugby Championship 1883–1983. London: Willows Books. ISBN 0-00-218060-X.
Starmer-Smith, Nigel (ed) Rugby – A Way of Life, An Illustrated History of Rugby (Lennard Books, 1986 ISBN 0-7126-2662-X)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Godwin (1984), pg 1. The first ever Home Nations International Championship was played in 1883. No other Northern Hemisphere team played a recognised international match until France faced New Zealand in 1906
Jump up ^ "Open up the Six Nations and let Georgia in". Telegraph.co.uk. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "let in Georgia and Romania, says governing body". Guardian.com. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Rules of the RBS 6 Nations Championship". RBS 6 Nations. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
Jump up ^ "Six Nations Championship Trophy Trust". RBS 6 Nations. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
Jump up ^ "New Six Nations trophy unveiled". ESPN. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Will Ireland be getting their hands on this? New trophy for the RBS Six Nations unveiled". Irish Independent. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Calcutta Cup: the legacy of a club that died". Scottish Rugby. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.
Jump up ^ "About Us". RFU. Archived from the original on 6 September 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Massie, Alan (19 February 2000). "Lamenting the sad decline of the fighting Irish". The Scotsman. p. 31.
Jump up ^ Ferrie, Kevin (22 March 1999). "Scotland now have quality in quantity". The Herald. p. 1.
Jump up ^ Walsh, David (13 February 2005). "Scots torn apart by Irish mean machine". The Sunday Times. p. Sport 2.
Jump up ^ "Auld Alliance Trophy unveiled | Scottish Rugby Union". www.scottishrugby.org. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
Jump up ^ Mediaclan 2008. "Flaminio Stadio Rugby Tickets & Stadio Flaminio Stadium guide, Rome Italy". Ticketbooth.org.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Italy to move Six Nations games from Rome to Florence". BBC Sport. 1 April 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "RBS 6 Nazioni, allo Stadio Olimpico l'Edizione 2012" (Press release) (in Italian). Italian Rugby Federation. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Sportsbeat (14 July 2011). "Italy switch stadium to Stadio Olimpico". RBS 6 Nations. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "French national rugby team plan to quit Stade de France". BBC Sport. 25 November 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Moriarty, Ian (5 July 2012). "Money talks". ESPN Scrum. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Projet Stade" (in French). French Rugby Federation. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rugby-French federation drops plans for new stadium". Reuters. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Jump up ^ God Save the King Wikipedia
Jump up ^ "Statsguru: Test matches, Team records, Five/Six Nations". ESPN Scrum. SFMS Limited. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Six Nations records". Rugby Heaven. 1 February 2005. Archived from the original on 13 January 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
Jump up ^ https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/en/championship/contact_us.php
Jump up ^ Brown, David. "BBC reclaims Six Nations rugby from Sky with £70m three-year contract". The Independent. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC extends Six Nations contract until 2017". BBC. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "BBC and ITV bid wins Six Nations TV rights until 2021". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "RTÉ loses rights to 6 Nations". rte.ie. RTÉ Sport. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
Jump up ^ "Worldwide Broadcast Schedule, RBS Six Nations". Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.moneymarketing.co.uk/lloyds-tsb-backs-five-nations/
Jump up ^ http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/news/30182.php#EFHJyq30tXYkkqmH.97
Jump up ^ http://www.scotsman.com/business/companies/financial/natwest-to-sponsor-six-nations-rugby-tournament-for-one-year-1-4608389
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Six Nations Championship.
Six Nations official website
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Six Nations Championship
Teams
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Stadio Olimpico
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Home
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[show]
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1972
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1989
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1982
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1971
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[show]
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1961
1968
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1986
1990
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2006
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1979
1998
1999
North America
1978
1991
1994
2004
Asia
1978
South America
1954
1974
1985
1988
[show]
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t
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1976
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1961
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1988
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2000
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1976
1997
2003
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1985
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2017
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[show]
v
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1981
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1980
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1973
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1989
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1988-89
2004
Oceania
1980
2000
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1980
1983
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2004
2006
[show]
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t
e
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See also
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Tours
Australia
1982
1992
1998
2004
2012
New Zealand
1975
1981
1990
1996
2000
South Africa
1999
2003
2006
2014
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1969
1994
2008
2014
Zimbabwe
1988
1995
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1993
1998
2004
2012
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1985
2002
2014
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1989
2016
See also
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[show]
v
t
e
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1969
1978
1986
1988
1991
1994
1996
2003
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1964
1990
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2014
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1968
1999
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2006
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1980
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1994
1997
2005
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1975
2001
2013
Spain
1983
See also
Max Boyce
Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
Calon Lân
Cwm Rhondda
Old Scores
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List of Southwest Airlines destinations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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As of October 2018[update], Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 99 destinations[1] in 40 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, the newest being Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands on November 5, 2017. The airline has 15 focus cities and operates over 4,000 flights each day.[2]
Contents
1 Destinations
1.1 AirTran cities acquired by Southwest
1.2 International service
1.3 Hawaii service
1.4 Chart
2 References
3 External links
Destinations[edit]
Southwest does not use the "hub and spoke" system of other major airlines, preferring the "point-to-point" system. It has large operations in certain airports. An average of 80 percent of Southwest passengers are local passengers— only 20 percent of all passengers are connecting passengers. This is higher than most airlines, where many passengers connect in hub cities. However, at Southwest's focus cities, the percentage of connecting passengers can reach 30 percent.[3] Recent numbers indicate that the number of connecting passengers is steadily rising.[4]
As part of its effort to control costs, Southwest sometimes uses secondary airports in cities with high costs. Secondary airports have lower costs and may be more convenient to travelers than major airports. Some examples include:
Chicago, Illinois: Southwest uses Midway International Airport instead of O'Hare International Airport.
Dallas, Texas: Southwest uses Dallas Love Field instead of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
Houston, Texas: Southwest uses William P. Hobby Airport instead of George Bush Intercontinental Airport.
Miami/Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Southwest uses Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport instead of Miami International Airport.
New York City, New York: Southwest uses Newark Liberty International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and Long Island MacArthur Airport airports instead of John F. Kennedy International Airport.
AirTran cities acquired by Southwest[edit]
Through Southwest's acquisition of AirTran Airways, Southwest opened a focus city in Atlanta and acquired additional slots at Washington–National and New York–LaGuardia. In addition, Southwest added service to the following destinations.[5]
Aruba
Atlanta, Georgia
Cancún, Mexico
Charlotte, North Carolina
Des Moines, Iowa
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Memphis, Tennessee
Mexico City, Mexico
Montego Bay, Jamaica
Nassau, Bahamas
Pensacola, Florida
Portland, Maine
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
Richmond, Virginia
Rochester, New York
San José del Cabo, Mexico
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Wichita, Kansas
International service[edit]
Southwest began planning international service when it acquired AirTran, which already served international destinations. Southwest's first approach to international service came on April 19, 2012 when it signed a contract with the Amadeus IT Group to launch an international reservation system. This agreement gave the airline the capability to begin flying to destinations outside of the United States.[6]
Southwest debuted the international reservation system on January 27, 2014 when its first international flights went on sale. This was followed by the first international flights which began on July 1, 2014 to Aruba (AUA), Montego Bay, Jamaica (MBJ) and Nassau, Bahamas (NAS).
Southwest built a 5 gate international terminal at William P. Hobby Airport that opened in 2015. Southwest also built a 5 gate international terminal in Fort Lauderdale that opened in 2017.[7]
Hawaii service[edit]
On October 11, 2017, Southwest announced they would add service to Hawaii beginning in 2018, pending government approval. The airline announced that the flights to Hawaii will be operated from four California cities: Oakland, San Diego, San Jose, and Sacramento, utilizing their Boeing 737-800 and 737 MAX 8 aircraft. As announced Southwest Airlines will begin service to the following destinations: Honolulu (Daniel K. Inouye International Airport), Kahului (Kahului Airport), Kailua-Kona (Kona International Airport), Lihue (Lihue Airport).[8]
Chart[edit]
As of June 2018[update], this is a list of destinations that Southwest Airlines serves.
Operating Base
Focus city
Future destination
Terminated destination
Country (State/Province)
City
Airport
City Count
Begin
End
Refs
Aruba Oranjestad Queen Beatrix International Airport 85 2014 Present
Bahamas Nassau Lynden Pindling International Airport 86 2014 Present
Belize Belize City Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport 93 2015 Present
Cayman Islands George Town Owen Roberts International Airport 97 2017 Present [9]
Costa Rica Liberia Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport 94 2015 Present
Costa Rica San José Juan Santamaría International Airport 91 2015 Present
Cuba Havana José Martí International Airport 96 2016 Present
Cuba Santa Clara Abel Santamaría Airport — 2016 2017 [10]
Cuba Varadero Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport — 2016 2017 [10]
Dominican Republic Punta Cana Punta Cana International Airport 89 2014 Present
Jamaica Montego Bay Sangster International Airport 84 2014 Present
Mexico (Baja California Sur) San José del Cabo Los Cabos International Airport 88 2014 Present
Mexico (Federal District) Mexico City Mexico City International Airport 90 2014 Present
Mexico (Jalisco) Puerto Vallarta Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport 92 2015 Present
Mexico (Quintana Roo) Cancún Cancún International Airport 87 2014 Present
Turks and Caicos Islands Providenciales Providenciales International Airport 99 2017 Present [11]
United States (Alabama) Birmingham Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport 25 1987 Present
United States (Arizona) Phoenix Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport 16 1982 Present
United States (Arizona) Tucson Tucson International Airport 43 1994 Present
United States (Arkansas) Little Rock Little Rock National Airport 20 1984 Present
United States (California) Burbank Hollywood Burbank Airport 29 1990 Present
United States (California) Long Beach Long Beach Airport 95 2016 Present
United States (California) Los Angeles Los Angeles International Airport 19 1982 Present
United States (California) Oakland Oakland International Airport 28 1989 Present
United States (California) Ontario Ontario International Airport 23 1985 Present
United States (California) Orange County John Wayne Airport 37 1994 Present
United States (California) Sacramento Sacramento International Airport 31 1991 Present
United States (California) San Diego San Diego International Airport 17 1982 Present
United States (California) San Francisco San Francisco International Airport 63 1982, 2007 2001, Present
United States (California) San José San Jose International Airport 35 1993 Present
United States (Colorado) Denver Denver International Airport 61 2006 Present
United States (Colorado) Denver Stapleton International Airport — 1983 1986 [12]
United States (Connecticut) Hartford Bradley International Airport 53 1999 Present
United States (Florida) Fort Lauderdale Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport 45 1996 Present
United States (Florida) Fort Myers Southwest Florida International Airport 60 2005 Present
United States (Florida) Jacksonville Jacksonville International Airport 49 1997 Present
United States (Florida) Key West Key West International Airport — 2012 2014 [13]
United States (Florida) Orlando Orlando International Airport 47 1996 Present
United States (Florida) Palm Beach Palm Beach International Airport 56 2001 Present
United States (Florida) Panama City Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport 68 2010 Present
United States (Florida) Pensacola Pensacola International Airport 82 2013 Present
United States (Florida) Tampa Tampa International Airport 46 1996 Present
United States (Georgia) Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport 72 2012 Present
United States (Hawaii) Honolulu Daniel K. Inouye International Airport — 2018 Future [14]
United States (Hawaii) Kahului Kahului Airport — 2018 Future [15]
United States (Hawaii) Kailua-Kona Kona International Airport — 2018 Future [16]
United States (Hawaii) Lihue Lihue Airport — 2018 Future [17]
United States (Idaho) Boise Boise Airport 41 1994 Present
United States (Illinois) Chicago Chicago Midway International Airport 21 1985 Present
United States (Indiana) Indianapolis Indianapolis International Airport 27 1989 Present
United States (Iowa) Des Moines Des Moines International Airport 74 2012 Present
United States (Kansas) Wichita Wichita Eisenhower National Airport 79 2013 Present
United States (Kentucky) Covington/Cincinnati Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport 98 2017 Present [18]
United States (Kentucky) Louisville Louisville International Airport 34 1993 Present
United States (Louisiana) New Orleans Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport 11 1979 Present
United States (Maine) Portland Portland International Jetport 78 2013 Present
United States (Maryland) Baltimore/Washington, D.C. Baltimore-Washington International Airport 36 1993 Present
United States (Massachusetts) Boston Logan International Airport 66 2009 Present
United States (Michigan) Detroit Coleman A. Young International Airport — 1988 1993 [12]
United States (Michigan) Detroit Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport 26 1987 Present
United States (Michigan) Flint Bishop International Airport — 2013 2018 [19]
United States (Michigan) Grand Rapids Gerald R. Ford International Airport 80 2013 Present
United States (Minnesota) Minneapolis/St. Paul Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport 64 2009 Present
United States (Mississippi) Jackson Jackson International Airport — 1997 2014 [13]
United States (Missouri) Branson Branson Airport — 2013 2014 [13]
United States (Missouri) Kansas City Kansas City International Airport 18 1982 Present
United States (Missouri) St. Louis St. Louis Lambert International Airport 22 1985 Present
United States (Nebraska) Omaha Eppley Airfield 44 1995 Present
United States (Nevada) Las Vegas McCarran International Airport 15 1982 Present
United States (Nevada) Reno/Tahoe Reno-Tahoe International Airport 30 1990 Present
United States (New Hampshire) Manchester Manchester-Boston Regional Airport 50 1998 Present
United States (New Jersey) Newark Newark Liberty International Airport 71 2011 Present
United States (New Mexico) Albuquerque Albuquerque International Sunport 14 1980 Present
United States (New York) Albany Albany International Airport 54 2000 Present
United States (New York) Buffalo Buffalo Niagara International Airport 55 2000 Present
United States (New York) Long Island/Islip Long Island MacArthur Airport 51 1999 Present
United States (New York) New York City LaGuardia Airport 65 2009 Present
United States (New York) Rochester Greater Rochester International Airport 77 2013 Present
United States (North Carolina) Charlotte Charlotte/Douglas International Airport 75 2013 Present
United States (North Carolina) Raleigh-Durham Raleigh-Durham International Airport 52 1999 Present
United States (Ohio) Akron/Canton Akron-Canton Regional Airport — 2012 2017
United States (Ohio) Cleveland Cleveland Hopkins International Airport 32 1992 Present
United States (Ohio) Columbus John Glenn Columbus International Airport 33 1992 Present
United States (Ohio) Dayton Dayton International Airport — 2012 2017
United States (Oklahoma) Oklahoma City Will Rogers World Airport 12 1980 Present
United States (Oklahoma) Tulsa Tulsa International Airport 13 1980 Present
United States (Oregon) Portland Portland International Airport 38 1994 Present
United States (Pennsylvania) Philadelphia Philadelphia International Airport 58 2004 Present
United States (Pennsylvania) Pittsburgh Pittsburgh International Airport 59 2005 Present
United States (Puerto Rico) San Juan Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport 76 2013 Present
United States (Rhode Island) Providence T. F. Green Airport 48 1996 Present
United States (South Carolina) Charleston Charleston International Airport 70 2011 Present
United States (South Carolina) Greenville/Spartanburg Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport 69 2011 Present
United States (Tennessee) Memphis Memphis International Airport 81 2013 Present
United States (Tennessee) Nashville Nashville International Airport 24 1986 Present
United States (Texas) Amarillo Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport 10 1978 Present
United States (Texas) Austin Austin-Bergstrom International Airport 9 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Beaumont/Port Arthur Jack Brooks Regional Airport — 1979 1980 [12]
United States (Texas) Corpus Christi Corpus Christi International Airport 5 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Dallas Dallas Love Field 1 1971 Present
United States (Texas) El Paso El Paso International Airport 8 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Harlingen/South Padre Island Valley International Airport 4 1975 Present
United States (Texas) Houston William P. Hobby Airport 3 1971 Present
United States (Texas) Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport — 1971, 1980 1972, 2005 [12]
United States (Texas) Lubbock Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport 6 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Midland/Odessa Midland International Airport 7 1977 Present
United States (Texas) San Antonio San Antonio International Airport 2 1971 Present
United States (Utah) Salt Lake City Salt Lake City International Airport 42 1994 Present
United States (Virginia) Norfolk Norfolk International Airport 57 2001 Present
United States (Virginia) Richmond Richmond International Airport 83 2013 Present
United States (Virginia) Washington, D.C./Arlington Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport 73 2012 Present
United States (Virginia) Dulles Washington Dulles International Airport 62 2006 Present
United States (Washington) Everett Paine Field — 2018 Future [20]
United States (Washington) Seattle/Tacoma Seattle–Tacoma International Airport 39 1994 Present
United States (Washington) Spokane Spokane International Airport 40 1994 Present
United States (Wisconsin) Milwaukee General Mitchell International Airport 67 2009 Present
United States (Wyoming) Jackson Hole Jackson Hole Airport — 1985 1986
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.southwest.com/flight/routemap_dyn.html
Jump up ^ "Southwest Corporate Fact Sheet - Corporate Fact Sheet - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". swamedia.com.
Jump up ^ Jeremy Sickler. "Chapter 7: Flight Arrival Flow: Southwest vs. Legacy Carriers". Archived from the original on May 19, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Maxon, Terry. "Factoids from Southwest Airlines' annual report". Dallas News. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Southwest Airlines (January 20, 2012). "Southwest Airlines and AirTran Airways Confirm Plans to Maintain AirTran Airways Operations at 22 Domestic and International Airports - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". Southwest Airlines. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Southwest Airlines Newsroom: Releases". Swamedia.com. April 19, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport overhauls terminal to add international travel". Sun Sentinel.
Jump up ^ http://wnep.com/2017/10/14/southwest-airlines-to-start-flying-to-hawaii/
Jump up ^ https://www.southwestaircommunity.com/t5/Southwest-Stories/Summer-is-Here-Summer-2017-Schedule-is-now-Published/ba-p/50394
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article158696934.html
Jump up ^ https://www.swamedia.com/pages/when-did-we-arrive
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Openings/Closings - By Category - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". swamedia.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Southwest Airlines To Cease Operations In Three Cities - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". swamedia.com.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jason Williams (January 4, 2017). "Long-time coming: Southwest lands in Cincinnati". cincinnati.com.
Jump up ^ "Southwest Airlines pulls plug on flights from Flint". Retrieved 2 November 2017.
Jump up ^ https://myeverettnews.com/2018/01/25/southwest-airlines-announces-plans-to-fly-from-paine-field-everett-this-fall/
External links[edit]
Southwest Airlines Route Map
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San Diego, California

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San Francisco, California

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Denver, Colorado

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Key West, Florida

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values: Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

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Chicago, Illinois

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Indianapolis, Indiana

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Cincinnati, Ohio

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New Orleans, Louisiana

values: Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport

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values: Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport

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St. Paul, Minnesota

values: Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport

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Reno-Tahoe International Airport

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Long Island, New York

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Islip (town), New York

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New York City, New York

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/wiki/Akron-Canton_Regional_Airport
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Akron-Canton Regional Airport

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Cleveland, Ohio

values: John Glenn Columbus International Airport

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Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

values: Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport

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Dallas, Texas

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Houston, Texas

values: Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport

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Midland International Airport

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San Antonio, Texas

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Salt Lake City, Utah

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Arlington, Virginia

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Seattle, Washington

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Milwaukee, Wisconsin

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Jackson Hole, Wyoming

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values: Access Now, Inc. v. Southwest Airlines Co.

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/wiki/Southwest_Airlines_destinations
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Southwest Airlines destinations

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values: Anexo:Destinos de Southwest Airlines – Spanish

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