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Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
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Slavery in the British and French Caribbean refers to slavery in the parts of the Caribbean dominated by France or the British Empire.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 General overview
3 Anglo-American slavery
4 Abolition
5 Effects of the abolition
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
History[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2013)
In the Caribbean, Barbados became an English colony in 1624 and Jamaica in 1655. These and other Caribbean colonies became the center of wealth and the focus of the slave trade for the growing English empire.[1]
As of 1778, the French were importing approximately 13,000 Africans for enslavement to the French West Indies.[2]
General overview[edit]
Hon Stedman Rawlins, Slave/ Plantation owner, Saint Kitts, Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia)
The Lesser Antilles islands of Barbados, St. Kitts, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Lucia and Dominica were the first important slave societies of the Caribbean, switching to slavery by the end of the 17th century as their economies converted from tobacco to sugar production. By the middle of the 18th century, British Jamaica and French Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) had become the largest slave societies of the region, rivaling Brazil as a destination for enslaved Africans.
The death rates for black slaves in these islands were higher than birth rates. The decrease averaged about 3 percent per year in Jamaica and 4 percent a year in the smaller islands. The diary of slaveowner Thomas Thistlewood of Jamaica details violence against slaves, and constitutes important historical documentation of the conditions for Caribbean slaves.
For centuries slavery made sugarcane production economical. The low level of technology made production difficult and labor-intensive. At the same time, the demand for sugar was rising, particularly in Great Britain. The French colony of Saint-Domingue quickly began to out-produce all of the British islands combined. Though sugar was driven by slavery, rising costs for the British made it easier for the British abolitionists to be heard.
Anglo-American slavery[edit]
The slavery system that developed in the Lesser Antilles was an outgrowth of the demand for sugar and other crops. The Spanish loosened its foothold in the Caribbean during the first half of the 17th century which allowed the British to settle several islands and to ultimately seize Jamaica in 1655. To protect these investments, the British would later place a contingent of the Royal Navy in Port Royal.[3]
In 1640 the English began sugar production with the help of the Dutch. This started the Anglo-American plantation societies which would later be led by Jamaica after it was fully developed. At its peak production between 1740-1807 Jamaica received 33% of the total slaves that were imported in order to keep up its production. Other crops besides sugar were also cultivated on the plantations. Tobacco, coffee, and livestock were all produced as well using slave labor. Sugar however stands out most prominently due to its exorbitant popularity during the time period and the dangers of its production, which claimed the lives of many.[4]
England had multiple sugar islands in the Caribbean, especially Jamaica, Barbados, Nevis, and Antigua, which provided a steady flow of sugar sales; slave labor produced the sugar.[5] An important result of Britain's victory in the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1714) was enlarging its role in the slave trade.[6] Of special importance was the successful secret negotiation with France to obtain a 30-year monopoly on the Spanish slave trade, called the Asiento. Queen Anne of Great Britain also allowed her North American colonies like Virginia to make laws that promoted black slavery. Anne had secretly negotiated with France to get its approval regarding the Asiento.[7] She boasted to Parliament of her success in taking the Asiento away from France and London celebrated her economic coup.[8] Most of the slave trade involved sales to Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, and to Mexico, as well as sales to British colonies in the Caribbean and in North America.[9] Historian Vinita Ricks says the agreement allotted Queen Anne "22.5% (and King Philip V, of Spain 28%) of all profits collected for her personal fortune." Ricks concludes that the Queen's "connection to slave trade revenue meant that she was no longer a neutral observer. She had a vested interest in what happened on slave ships."[10][11]
The slaves incoming to the Anglo-American colonies were at high risk both mentally and physically. The Middle Passage alone accounted for roughly 10% of all deaths. Some experts believe that one out of every three slaves died before ever reaching their African port of departure. It should be mentioned that the majority of Anglo-American slaves came from Western Central Africa. These factors and others caused many slaves on arrival to feel alienated, fragile, and that death was right around the corner. The conditions suffered by slaves during the voyages were hostile. The slaves were placed in close quarters, fed barely enough to sustain them, and oftentimes they fell victim to diseases contracted prior to the voyage. The slaves would not see sunlight during this period and were prone to both weight loss and scurvy.[12]
The living and working conditions in the Lesser Antilles were very harsh for the slaves that were brought in to work the plantations. The average life of a slave after "adjusting" to the climate and environmental conditions of Jamaica was expected to be less than two decades. This was due to their limited familiarly and immune defense against the diseases and illnesses present in Jamaica. Disease decimated incoming slave populations. Attempts were made to help curtail the problem, but ultimately were fruitless.[13]
To help protect their investments, most planters would not immediately give the hardest tasks to the newest slaves. Slave owners would also set up a walled area away from the veteran slaves in order to stymie the spread of disease. These areas would contain 100–200 slaves at any time. Later, after new slaves had been bought, they would be placed into the care of older and more experienced slaves who were already accustomed to the plantation in hopes of increasing their chances for survival. Examples of tasks assigned to new slaves include planting and constructing buildings. Though newer slaves typically formed supportive relationships with veteran slaves taking, these relationships were not always positive, and abuse did occur.
Sugar production in the Lesser Antilles was a very grisly business. On Jamaica from 1829 to 1832 the average mortality rate for slaves on sugar plantations was 35.1 deaths per 1000 enslaved. The most dangerous part of the sugar plantation was the cane planting. Cane planting during this era consisted of clearing land, digging the holes for the plants, and more. Overseers used the whip in an attempt to both motivate and punish slaves. The slaves themselves were also working and living with barely adequate nourishment and in times of hard work would often be starved. This contributed to low birth rates and the high mortality rates for the slaves. Some experts believe that the average infant mortality at plantations to be 50% or even higher. This extremely high rate of infant mortality meant that the slave population that existed in the Lesser Antilles was not self-sustaining, thus requiring a constant importation of new slaves. Living and working conditions on non-sugar plantations was considered to be better, however, only marginally.[14]
Abolition[edit]
Main article: Abolitionism
This scene depicts Voltaire's Candide and Cacambo meeting a maimed slave near Suriname. The caption says, "It is at this price that you eat sugar in Europe". The slave that utters the remark has had his hand cut off for getting a finger stuck in a millstone, and his leg removed for trying to run away.
Slavery was first abolished by the French Republic in 1794, but Napoleon I revoked that decree in 1802.[15] In 1815, the Republic abolished the slave trade but the decree did not come into effect until 1826.[16] France re-abolished slavery in her colonies in 1848 with a general and unconditional emancipation.[17][18]
William Wilberforce's Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the slave trade in the British Empire. It was not until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 that the institution finally was abolished, but on a gradual basis.[19] Since slave owners in the various colonies (not only the Caribbean) were losing their unpaid labourers, the government set aside £20 million for compensation but it did not offer the former slaves reparations.[20][21]
Effects of the abolition[edit]
With the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, the new British colony of Trinidad was left with a shortage of labour. This shortage became worse after the abolition of slavery in 1833. To deal with this problem, Trinidad imported indentured servants from the 1810s until 1917. Initially Chinese, free West Africans, and Portuguese from the island of Madeira were imported, but they were soon supplanted by Indians who started arriving from 1845. Indentured Indians would prove to be an adequate alternative for the plantations that formerly relied upon slave labour. In addition, numerous former slaves migrated from the Lesser Antilles to Trinidad to work.
In 1811 on Tortola in the British Virgin Islands, Arthur William Hodge, a wealthy plantation owner and Council member, became the first person to be hanged for the murder of a slave.
Whitehall in Britain announced in 1833 that the gradual abolition would end by 1840; by then, and slaves in its territories would be totally freed. In the meantime, the government told slaves they had to remain on their plantations and would have the status of "apprentices" for the next six years. On 1 August 1834 in Trinidad, an unarmed group of mainly elderly Negroes being addressed by the Governor at Government House about the new apprenticeship laws, began chanting: "Pas de six ans. Point de six ans" ("Not six years. No six years"), drowning out the voice of the Governor. Peaceful protests continued until a resolution to abolish apprenticeship was passed and de facto freedom was achieved. This made Trinidad the first British colony with slaves to completely abolish slavery.[19] The successful resistance of the implementation of the full six year term of the Apprenticeship system and Abolition of Slavery in Trinidad was marked by ex-slaves and free coloureds joining in celebrations thru the streets in what became known as their annual Canboulay celebrations. This event in Trinidad influenced full emancipation in the other British colonies which was legally granted two years ahead of schedule on 1 August 1838.
After Great Britain abolished slavery, it began to pressure other nations to do the same. France finally abolished slavery in 1848. By then Saint-Domingue had already won its independence and formed the independent Republic of Haiti. French-controlled islands were then limited to a few smaller islands in the Lesser Antilles.
See also[edit]
Slave huts in Bonaire at the Salt evaporation pond)
Amelioration Act 1798
Barbados Cricket Buckle
Barbados Slave Code
Code Noir
Demerara rebellion of 1823
Slavery in Haiti
Slavery in the British Virgin Islands
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "British Involvement in the Transatlantic Slave Trade". The Abolition Project. E2BN - East of England Broadband Network and MLA East of England. 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Kitchin, Thomas (1778). The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe. London: R. Baldwin. p. 21.
Jump up ^ Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd, eds. Caribbean slavery in the Atlantic world (2000).
Jump up ^ Kenneth Morgan, Slavery, Atlantic trade and the British economy, 1660-1800 (2000).
Jump up ^ Richard B. Sheridan (1974). Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775. Canoe Press. pp. 415–26.
Jump up ^ David A. G. Waddel, "Queen Anne's Government and the Slave Trade." Caribbean Quarterly 6.1 (1960): 7-10.
Jump up ^ Edward Gregg. Queen Anne (2001), pp. 341, 361.
Jump up ^ Hugh Thomas (1997). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 - 1870. p. 236.
Jump up ^ Richard B. Sheridan, "Africa and the Caribbean in the Atlantic slave trade." American Historical Review 77.1 (1972): 15-35.
Jump up ^ Vinita Moch Ricks. Through the Lens of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4835-1364-5.
Jump up ^ Herbert S. Klein and Ben Vinson III, eds., African slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean (2007).
Jump up ^ K. F. Kiple, The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History (1985).
Jump up ^ Keith Mason, "Demography, Disease and Medical Care in Caribbean Slave Societies." (1986): 109–119. DOI: 10.2307/3338787
Jump up ^ Kiple, The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History (1985).
Jump up ^ "French Revolutionary Wars Timeline: 1794". Emerson Kent. Emerson Kent. 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2017. the first abolition ... revoked in 1802. The second, and final, abolition will be passed in 1848.
Jump up ^ "CHRONOLOGY-Who banned slavery when?". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. March 22, 2007. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Oldfield, Dr John (February 17, 2011). "British Anti-slavery". BBC History. BBC. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dusenbury, Jonathan (October 10, 2016). "SLAVERY AND THE REVOLUTIONARY HISTORIES OF 1848". Age of Revolutions. Age of Revolutions. Retrieved February 2, 2017. Enter Victor Schoelcher. After returning from Senegal in early March of 1848, the prominent abolitionist persuaded Arago to place him in charge of a commission to end slavery. On April 27, the commission drafted a decree of general and unconditional emancipation in the colonies.
^ Jump up to: a b Dryden, John (1992), "Pas de Six Ans!", In: Seven Slaves & Slavery: Trinidad 1777–1838, by Anthony de Verteuil, Port of Spain, pp. 371–379.
Jump up ^ "Slavery Abolition Act 1833". 28 August 1833. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
Jump up ^ Oldfield, Dr John (February 17, 2011). "British Anti-slavery". BBC History. BBC. Retrieved January 2, 2017. the new legislation called for the gradual abolition of slavery. Everyone over the age of six on August 1, 1834, when the law went into effect, was required to serve an apprenticeship of four years in the case of domestics and six years in the case of field hands
Bibliography[edit]
Beckles, Hilary McD., and Andrew Downes. "The Economics of Transition to the Black Labor System in Barbados, 1630–1680," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Autumn 1987), pp. 225–247 in JSTOR
Brown, Vincent. "The Reaper's Garden" (Harvard University Press, 2008)
Bush, Barbara. "Hard Labor: Women, Childbirth, and Resistance in British Caribbean Slave Societies", in David Barry Gaspar and Darlene Clarke Hine, eds, More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996), pp. 193–217.
Bush, Barbara. Slave Women in Caribbean society, 1650-1838 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990).
Butler, Kathleen Mary. The Economics of Emancipation: Jamaica & Barbados, 1823–1843 (1995) online edition
Dunn, Richard S., "The Barbados Census of 1680: Profile of the Richest Colony in English America," William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 1 (January 1969), pp. 3–30. in JSTOR
Giraldo, Alexander. Obeah: The Ultimate Resistance (2007)
Miller, Joseph C., "The Way of Death: West Central Africa," (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1988)
Molen, Patricia A. "Population and Social Patterns in Barbados in the Early Eighteenth Century," William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2 (April 1971), pp. 287–300 in JSTOR
Morrissey, Marietta. Slave women in the New World (Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1989).
Ragatz, Lowell Joseph. "Absentee Landlordism in the British Caribbean, 1750-1833," Agricultural History, Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1931), pp. 7–24 in JSTOR
Reddock, Rhoda E. "Women and Slavery in the Caribbean: A Feminist Perspective", Latin American Perspectives, 12:1 (Winter 1985), 63–80.
Sainvil, Talisha. Tradition and Women in Resistance (2007) Monday, November 26, 2007.
Sheridan; Richard B. Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775 (University of the West Indies Press, 1994) online edition
Smallwood, Stephanie. "Saltwater Slavery" (First Harvard University Press, 2008)
Thomas, Robert Paul. "The Sugar Colonies of the Old Empire: Profit or Loss for Great Britain?" Economic History Review Vol. 21, No. 1 (April 1968), pp. 30–45 in JSTOR
External links[edit]
Phillip, Nicole (2002). Producers, Reproducers, and Rebels: Grenadian Slave Women 1783-1833 - Conference paper published by the University of the West Indies.
Watson, Karl (2001). Slavery and Economy in Barbados. In British History: Empire & Sea Power. The BBC, online series.
Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice
Archaeology, plantations and slavery in the French West Indies - Video by Manioc.
Slave community foodways on a French colonial plantation : zooarchaeology at Habitation Crève Cœur, Martinique - Video by Manioc.
Le cas particulier qui regarde les négresses : The Black Female Body in the Making of Eighteenth-Century French Subjectivity and Citizenship - Video by Manioc.
Charles Auguste Bisette and The Police des Noirs in the French Atlantic - Video by Manioc.
French Guiana, [s.l. ; s.n., 1919. Manioc
Rodway, James. Guiana : British, Dutch and French, London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1912. Manioc
Edwards, Bryan. An historical survey of the French colony in the island of St. Domingo : comprehending a short account of its ancient government, political state, population, productions, and exports ; a narrative of the calamities which have desolated the country ever since the year 1789, with some reflections on their causes and probable consequences : and a detail of the military transactions of the British army in that island to the end of 1794, London, John Stockdale, 1797. Manioc
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Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu
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Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu
Logo of the series
Genre
Action
Science fantasy
Comedy
Martial arts
Created by
Michael Hegner
Written by
Dan Hageman
Kevin Hageman
Directed by
Michael Hegner
Justin Murphy
Voices of
Jillian Michaels (2011–2017)
Samuel Vincent (2018–present)
Vincent Tong
Michael Adamthwaite
Paul Dobson
Brent Miller
Kirby Morrow
Kelly Metzger
Mark Oliver
Kathleen Barr
Opening theme
The Weekend Whip by The Fold
Ending theme
The Weekend Whip by The Fold
Composer(s)
Jay Vincent
Michael Kramer
Country of origin
Denmark
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
94 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Torsten Jacobsen
Producer(s)
Erik Wilstrup
Running time
22 minutes
Production company(s)
Wil Film ApS
The Lego Group
Distributor
The Lego Group
Release
Original network
Cartoon Network (US)
Nickelodeon (Denmark)[1]
Picture format
HDTV 1080i
Original release
January 14, 2011 (2011-01-14) – present
External links
Website
Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu (also known as Ninjago), 2011 is a Danish-American[2] animated television series produced by Wil Film ApS and The Lego Group and distributed by The Lego Group for Cartoon Network. Based on the Lego Construction Toys of the same name, it centers on the fictional world of Ninjago, telling the story of a group of Ninja and their battles against the forces of evil.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Plot
2.1 Pilot season
2.2 Season 1: Rise of the Serpentine
2.3 Season 2: Rise of the Green Ninja
2.4 Season 3: Rebooted
2.5 Season 4: Tournament of Elements
2.6 Season 5: Possession
2.7 Season 6: Skybound
2.8 TV special: Day of the Departed
2.9 Season 7: The Hands of Time
2.10 Season 8: Sons of Garmadon
2.11 Season 9: Hunted
3 Cast
4 Episodes
5 Release and reception
5.1 Broadcast
5.2 Critical reception
5.3 Home media
6 Video games
6.1 Lego Battles: Ninjago
6.2 Nindroids
6.3 Shadow of Ronin
7 References
8 External links
Overview[edit]
The show is set in the fictional world of Ninjago, a place inspired by East Asian myths and culture. The land is divided between Ninjago Lighting, Ice, Energy, and Water). While featuring several historically designed buildings and traditional clothing, Ninjago is in a modern setting, incorporating large metropolises with skyscrapers, current-age (and futuristic) vehicles, modern electronics and semi-robotic exo-suits, and other futuristic technology.
Plot[edit]
Pilot season[edit]
The pilot episodes feature Sensei Wu struggling to train four teenage ninja in the ways of an ancient battle art called Spinjitzu (which manifests as an elemental spinning movement faster than any normal fighting style) to defeat his corrupted brother Lord Garmadon, ruler of the Underworld, to stop him from gaining power through the Four Golden Weapons - The Sword of Fire, Scythe of Quakes, Nunchucks of Lightning, and Shuriken of Ice. Travelling across Ninjago, Wu and his four elementally-attuned students, Kai (Fire), Jay (Lightning), Zane (Ice) and Cole (Earth) recover the Golden Weapons. Kai rescues his sister Nya, whose capture fueled his desire to become a Ninja, from skeletons, and makes peace with the Dragon guardians of the Golden Weapons. However, in order to keep the Sword of Fire from Garmadon, Wu travels to the Underworld to fight his corrupted brother. The four ninja follow Wu down on the dragons, who have the capability to travel between the worlds. After defeating the Skeleton Army with the ultimate Spinjitzu move, the Tornado of Creation, they come upon Wu fighting the general of the Skeleton Army, Samukai, who is in possession of three of the Golden Weapons (the nunchucks, shuriken and scythe - stolen from the ninja earlier while they rested in the forests near the Fire Temple). Wu is defeated and Samukai tries to take the sword for his own, but is destroyed due to their combined power, which no one can withstand except the First Spinjitzu Master himself. This allows Garmadon to escape through a portal between space-time, but he vows to one day return with enough power to wield the Golden Weapons. With Garmadon gone, the balance is temporarily restored, and the Ninja prepare to train themselves for the day the Dark Lord returns.
Season 1: Rise of the Serpentine[edit]
Season one opens with the Ninja trying to determine which one of them will become the Green Ninja of a prophecy, the warrior destined to face the Dark Lord, determining the fate of Ninjago. The story focuses on Lord Garmadon's young son Lloyd Garmadon, a trouble making little boy who has released an ancient evil: an army of four snake-like tribes known as the Serpentine who are united under Pythor, the last member of the extinct fifth Anacondrai tribe. Wu manages to convince Lloyd to join their side ("The best way to defeat your enemy...is to make him your friend") while the Ninja are aided by Nya in her Samurai X battle suit. A four-armed Garmadon returns to help them deal with the Serpentine as they attempt to summon a large serpent called the Great Devourer, but their plan backfires when Pythor is eaten and the Serpentine are driven into hiding. Lloyd is revealed to be the Green Ninja, and Lord Garmadon uses the Golden Weapons to destroy the Great Devourer before running off with them.
Season 2: Rise of the Green Ninja[edit]
In Season two, the ninja prepare to train Lloyd to become the Green Ninja. The ninja train Lloyd so that he can face his father one day and save Ninjago, something which Lloyd was afraid to do, for the sake of his bond with Garmadon. Meanwhile, Garmadon works to thwart the Ninja's plan by recruiting the Serpentine and forging the Golden Weapons into one powerful Mega Weapon. After Garmadon's last attempt ends with Lloyd aging to a teenager like his four mentors, Garmadon attempts to change the events of the past. The original four ninja follow Garmadon into the past, and use the Golden Weapons of the past to destroy the Mega Weapon, restoring the timeline and sending the Golden Weapons into space. While Garmadon ends up on an island with a disembodied voice called the Overlord, the venom of the Great Devourer seeps into catacombs beneath Ninjago and awakens the Stone Army, who are indestructible warriors who fought with the Overlord against the First Spinjitzu Master, trapping the Serpentine underground in the process. Along with Misako, Lloyd's mother, the Ninja travel to the Dark Island to stop Garmadon, meeting Zane's father, Dr. Julian, who helped them in their fight against the Overlord and his army. The ninja then discover the Temple of Light, where they receive elemental powers and help Lloyd unleash his true potential (the Golden Dragon). The Ninja fail to stop the countdown to the final battle, and the Overlord is revealed to be the Dark Lord from the prophecy. He possesses Lord Garmadon and heads to Ninjago, with the Ninja in tow. Lloyd uses his new-found Golden Power to defeat the Overlord, purging his father Garmadon of his evil in the process and "making him normal" again.
Season 3: Rebooted[edit]
In Season three, Ninjago City has been rebuilt into a futuristic metropolis and renamed New Ninjago City. The Ninja, striving for action, learn that the Overlord has survived the final battle and entered the Digiverse, an electronic world. The crippled cyborg Cyrus Borg, creator of Borg Industries, realizes this and gives the ninja the Techno Blades, which could be used to destroy the Overlord by rebooting the Digiverse system. The Overlord uses P.I.X.A.L. (a nindroid who works at Borg Industries) to create a Nindroid army from Zane's blueprints. The Overlord plans to capture Lloyd, as Lloyd's golden power will help the Overlord escape the digital realm. The hard drive containing the Overlord is later stolen by Pythor, who is revealed to have survived being eaten by the Great Devourer. Pythor captures Lloyd, and the Overlord drains Lloyd of most of his Golden Power. Though the Ninja defeat the Overlord in the Digiverse, the Overlord escapes the digital realm half-formed. Lloyd then splits his remaining golden power among the four ninja, knowing that the power would be a big responsibility for him to bear alone. The Overlord, needing to complete his transformation, sends the Nindroids to space to retrieve the Golden Weapons from the constellation Arcturus, which the ninja failed in retrieving. The Overlord becomes the Golden Master, fulfilling an old Serpentine prophecy, and wreaks havoc on New Ninjago City. With no other option, Zane sacrifices himself to destroy the Golden Master.
Season 4: Tournament of Elements[edit]
During Season four, the Ninja take part in the "Tournament of Elements" when they learn that Zane is still alive, having rebuilt himself using titanium. The tournament, run by Master Chen (an Anacondrai fanatic and Garmadon's former evil mentor) and his assistant Clouse, who knows dark magic and trained alongside Garmadon, is host to many elemental masters who the ninja never knew existed. When one is eliminated from the tournament, Chen secretly uses his "Staff of Elements" to steal their powers. Eventually, Nya goes looking for the Ninja, and finds out that Chen intends to use the stolen powers to transform him and his followers into Anacondrai. Though Kai destroys the Staff of Elements, Chen finds that the spell can be completed with his daughter Skylor, due her elemental power of absorption. Chen manages to complete the spell, and everyone possessing the Mark of the Anacondrai (including him, Skylor, and Sensei Garmadon) turn into Anacondrai. Chen and his followers go to Ninjago to start a second Serpentine War, while the elemental masters pursue on their elemental dragons. Chen uses Pythor to make the spell permanent, and the elemental masters' only hope is to stop him at the Corridor of Elders. When they cross the line of no return, Garmadon sacrifices himself to defeat the Anacondrai-wannabes by releasing the spirits of the Anacondrai generals, who were banished to the Cursed Realm in the original Serpentine War. The ninja mourn over Garmadon's sacrifice as they burn the spellbook that banished Garmadon.
Season 5: Possession[edit]
During Season five, after Garmadon's sacrifice, Morro (the elemental master of Wind and Wu's first ever student) escapes the Cursed Realm, and possesses Lloyd. Morro does this so that he can find the Realm Crystal, so he can bring his master, the Preeminent, to the physical world to curse, and eventually rule, all sixteen realms. The four ninja, along with Wu, Nya (who is revealed to be the elemental master of Water), and Misako travel to uncharted lands to find the First Spinjitzu Master's tomb and retrieve the Realm Crystal before Morro does. Morro steals the Allied Armor of A'zure, a piece of armor that can summon allies and summons an army of ghosts to help him. After taking the Aeroblades (which can defeat a ghost) from Ronin, learning Airjitzu from the ghost of Master Yang (at the price of Cole becoming a ghost himself), and retrieving the Sword of Sanctuary from the Cloud Kingdom (one of the sixteen realms), the Ninja discover the tomb is underwater. The Ninja find the Realm Crystal, but decide to save Lloyd (who is now free from his possession) rather than take it. Morro and his Ghost Warrior allies bring the Preeminent to Ninjago. While the ninja are evacuating everyone from the city of Stiix, Nya unlocks her true potential and creates a wave which drowns the Preeminent. Morro, who feels remorseful, gives Wu the Realm Crystal and drowns with his master instead of staying with Sensei Wu. The ninja use the Realm Crystal to bring back Lloyd, who is ready to begin his training to become a Master, as he received his father's robes while the two were briefly together in the Cursed Realm.
Season 6: Skybound[edit]
During Season six, the Ninja are popular, thanks to saving Ninjago from The Preeminent, but trouble rises when Clouse returns after having escaped the Cursed Realm. Clouse frees Nadakhan, a Djinn who can grant three wishes, and captures people by forcing them to 'wishing it all away'. Nadakhan frames the ninjas for crimes they didn't commit while the Ninja are in Stiix. Misako tries to rescue them in the Bounty, but she and the ship are captured by the police, later being captured by Nadakhan along with Wu. The Ninja try to escape the police, but they are caught and arrested by Ronin in exchange for a clean reputation. The Ninja are thrown in Kryptarium Prison, but escape with the help of Captain Soto, who tells them how to find the only thing that can stop Nadakhan: Tiger Widow Venom. Meanwhile, Jay uses his first two wishes and finds out he was adopted. Nadakhan uses the Realm Crystal to free his crew, attack Ninjago City, and capture Kai. The Ninja sail to Tiger Widow Island to obtain the venom, but Zane is captured, Jay is kidnapped by Nadakhan, and Nya, Lloyd and Cole are stranded on the island until Ronin and the Police Commissioner come to rescue them, after finding out what side they were on. After attacking Misfortune's Keep, Jay and Nya are the only two remaining Ninja. They hide in Dr. Julien's lighthouse, where they meet Echo Zane, Zane's counterpart. Jay is forced to escape while Nya is kidnapped. Jay teams up with Echo Zane, Ronin, the Commissioner, Soto, Skylor and Dareth to save the others. Nadakhan gets Infinite Wishes and freezes everyone except Jay, but Nadakhan is poisoned by the venom. Incidentally, the venom hits Nya, and she dies. A disheartened Jay uses his last wish to erase recent events and ensure Clouse didn't find the Teapot of Tyrahn in the first place, thus removing the events of the season from the timeline. As a result, Nadakhan is never released and Jay and Nya, who are the only ones who remember the erased events, renew their relationship.
TV special: Day of the Departed[edit]
In a 44-minute TV special, Cole faces his struggles againist Sensei Yang, the creator of airjitzu and the one responsible for Cole's ghostly appearance. He resurrects the past villains from their statues in the hall of villainy and each one goes after a ninja. Samukai fights Jay, Pythor fights Lloyd, Kozu fights Dareth, Cyrptor fights Zane, Chen fights Kai and Nya and Morro fights Wu. Yang fights Cole but stop when they realize that they have something in common: Both were forgotten. The lunar eclipse is almost closing and Cole and Yang airjitzu their way to the rift. Yang stays behind while only 99% of Cole makes it through the rift, leaving the 1% as a green scar. The ninja defeat the resurrected villains and celebrate in peace.
Season 7: The Hands of Time[edit]
In Season seven, the ninja fight Acronix and Krux, the Hands of Time, who have the power to manipulate time. When the ninja first face Acronix at the old monastery, Acronix teleports away with his time blade after hitting Wu with the 'time punch', accelerating Wu's aging. The ninja think Acronix was defeated, but when something attacks Zane, they look into his memories and slow it down just enough so they can see that Acronix attacked Zane while he was distracted by Dr. Saunders, AKA Krux. The Time Twins then gather up an army called Vermillion which are samurai snake warriors. They steal all the metal and the most skilled producers in Ninjago to help build the "Iron Doom", which if they collect all 4 time blades (Fast-Forward, Slow Down, Pause, and Reversal), they could travel wherever they wanted in time. Kai finds out that he and Nya's parents, Ray and Maya, are still alive, having been captured by Krux and forced to work for him. Soon after Kai and Nya retrieve the fourth and final Time Blade, the Reversal Blade, Acronix hits Ray with the time punch. Upon completion of the Iron Doom, the Time Twins go back to during the Serpentine Wars, 40 years in the past, where they first got banished into time. They try to win the battle against the elemental masters, but luckily, Kai, Nya and Wu traveled back with them, and they defeated them. With the Reversal Blade, the two ninja stop Wu's rapid aging. Acronix and Krux decided to go far into the future, but when they discover they have stowaways, (Kai, Nya and Master Wu), a battle breaks out on the Iron Doom, ending with Sensei Wu pulling the Reversal Blade from the Iron Doom and pushing Kai and Nya into the present, while staying on the Iron Doom to finish the battle, and Acronix, Krux, and Wu get lost in time. Kai saves Ray with the Reversal Blade, and Lloyd goes from "Temporary Master Lloyd in Training", to Master Lloyd, who plans to find Wu.
Season 8: Sons of Garmadon[edit]
About a year after the events of Master Wu being lost in time, Lloyd Garmadon encounters a group of skilled biker-themed thugs who steal one of the three prized Oni masks (The Mask of Vengeance) from a vault in Borg Industries. After these events, Lloyd learns that the group who stole the mask was part of a criminal syndicate known as the Sons of Garmadon (S.O.G) and are after the two other Oni Masks (The Mask of Deception and The Mask of Hatred) in order to resurrect Lord Garmadon from the dead. In light of the crime spree committed by the Sons Of Garmadon, the Ninja are paid to be temporary guards to the Royal Family, but Sons of Garmadon succeed in stealing the second Oni mask from the Royal Family's palace in Ninjago, destroying it in the process and leaving only Harumi, the Princess and Lloyd's love interest, the sole survivor. During their attempt to infiltrate the Sons of Garmadon, Cole ends up imprisoned and rescues a baby that the Sons of Garmadon believe is the key to the Mask of Hatred, discovering a map on the baby's blanket. They soon discover the baby is a regressed Master Wu, who is recovering from the excessive use of the Reversal Time-Blade in the previous season. Eventually, the Sons of Garmadon succeed in obtaining all three Oni masks, but with help from the police, the Ninja stop them, unfortunately, it was too late as Garmadon was resurrected and when Lloyd tries to reason with him, he ends up defeated and powerless. When Garmadon creates Colossi and terrorizes Ninjago, four of the six Ninja attempt to keep Wu safe from his brother, but end up in the Realm of Oni and Dragons after using Traveller's Tea to escape the Colossi's grip. Meanwhile, back in Ninjago, Garmadon takes over the world and declares himself Emperor of Ninjago while the remaining Ninja, Misako and P.I.X.A.L. assume that Kai, Jay, Cole, Zane and Wu are dead. In this season, many things are explained, as the origin of the First Spinjitzu master, which is as follows: in the First Realm, two beings existed: the Oni and the Dragon. The Dragon had the power to create, while the Oni had the power to destroy. A child was born from both of them: the First Spinjitzu Master. When he was pressed on which side to choose, he left the First Realm and created Ninjago. The season also explains how Zane inherited his Ice power, which was given to him by his ill predecessor off-screen, the identity of the new Samurai X, which is revealed to be P.I.X.A.L. in a new body, and the identity of a new villain, dubbed "The Quiet One," who is the mysterious leader of the S.o.G, revealed to be Harumi and has been around since the beginning, believing Garmadon is the real hero as he killed the murderer of her biological parents: The Great Devourer.
Season 9: Hunted[edit]
While Lloyd and Nya resist Emperor Garmadon’s oppressive hold on Ninjago City, Young Wu and the rest of the Ninja are stranded in a barbaric realm where fierce dragons are being hunted down by Iron Baron and his gang of Dragon Hunters. With Lloyd stuck in Ninjago City, the others need to find the fabled Dragon Armor and restore Wu's adulthood if they ever hope to get back home to stop Emperor Garmadon once and for all.
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of Lego Ninjago characters
Jillian Michaels (seasons 1–7) and Samuel Vincent (seasons 8-) as Master Lloyd Garmadon, the Green Ninja
Vincent Tong as Kai, Nya's brother and the Fire Ninja
Michael Adamthwaite as Jay Walker/Gordon, the Lightning Ninja
Brent Miller as Zane, the Ice Ninja
Kirby Morrow as Cole, the Earth Ninja
Kelly Metzger as Nya, Kai's sister and the Water Ninja, as well as the original Samurai X
Paul Dobson and Caleb Skeris (Season 8) as Sensei/Master Wu, Lloyd's uncle and master and Garmadon's younger brother
Kathleen Barr as Misako, Lloyd's mother and Garmadon's wife
Mark Oliver as Lord/Master/Emperor Garmadon, Lloyd’s father and Wu's older brother. Current Emperor of Ninjago as of the Season 8 finale.
Jennifer Hayward as P.I.X.A.L., Nya's successor as Samurai X.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
Pilot Episodes 4 January 14, 2011 (2011-01-14)
1 13 December 2, 2011 (2011-12-02) March 30, 2012 (2012-03-30)
2 13 June 30, 2012 (2012-06-30) December 30, 2012 (2012-12-30)
3 8 December 30, 2013 (2013-12-30) September 26, 2014 (2014-09-26)
4 10 February 23, 2015 (2015-02-23) April 3, 2015 (2015-04-03)
5 10 June 29, 2015 (2015-06-29) July 10, 2015 (2015-07-10)
6 10 March 24, 2016 (2016-03-24) July 15, 2016 (2016-07-15)
Special October 29, 2016 (2016-10-29)
7 10 May 5, 2017 (2017-05-05) May 20, 2017 (2017-05-20)
8 10 April 14, 2018 (2018-04-14) May 25, 2018 (2018-05-25)
Release and reception[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
In the United States, two pilot episodes, later split into four episodes total, were shown on Cartoon Network on January 14, 2011. They were released in Europe on January 24, 2011.[3] . The pilot episodes focused on Kai as he goes from being a blacksmith to a Ninja to save his sister, Nya. Due to the popularity of the pilot episodes, the first season was launched from December 2011 – April 2012 alongside a new line of sets marketed as "Rise of the Snakes". The pilot episodes were released on DVD in March 2011, and the first season became available on DVD in Region 1 on June 26, 2012.[4] The series as a whole has an estimated budget of kr 37 million (approximately £4.6 million or US$6.7 million).[5]
Due to the positive reception of the pilot, a full series was commissioned and began broadcast in December 2011. The first five episodes of season 1 aired in Canada on November 25. The season once again aired in Canada from January 11, 2012, to April 11, 2012. The first two episodes of season 1 aired in the United States on December 2. The season aired again in the United States from January 11, 2012, to April 11, 2012. Season 1 focused on the four original ninjas (Kai, Jay, Cole and Zane) as they try to find out who will be the Green Ninja.
Lego Ninjago was recommissioned for a second season, which premiered on July 18, 2012, to an audience of 2.8 million. Season 2 focused on Lloyd as he trains to become the Green Ninja in order to face his father.
In June 2013, Warner Bros. announced that a movie based on the toyline would be made, though it would take a different approach to the TV series. It was written by the Hageman brothers, who also wrote the story for The Lego Movie.[6] It was released on September 22, 2017.
A third season, "Rebooted", premiered on January 29, 2014. Season 3 focused on Zane as he and the other Ninja help a designer deal with old enemies, ending with Zane's death.
In the United Kingdom, the series premiered on 21 July 2014 on Cartoon Network.[7]
Season 4 premiered on February 23, 2015 in North America and Great Britain on Cartoon Network.[8]Season 4 focused on Kai as he and the other Ninja try to find a new and improved Zane on a secluded island, where they participate in a tournament.
On June 8, Lego released the trailer for the fifth season, titled "Possession."[9] It premiered on June 29 in the United States. Season 5 focused on Nya during her training to be the Water Ninja while the others fight Wu's first student, who's ghost has possessed Lloyd.
Season 6, "Skybound", was released on June 8, 2016. It tells the story of Nadakhan, a djinn, and his pirate crew who are trying to bring Ninjago to the skies. Season 6 focused on Jay as he and the Ninja are framed by a Djinn, who grants each of them three wishes. Jay's last wish erases all the events. [10][11]
A Halloween special called "Day of the Departed" was released on October 29, 2016. It focused on the villains of the past return - and Sensei Yang as the mastermind. The special focused on Cole, who is fading from existence.
A seventh season, titled "Hands of Time" was released in May 2017. The plot focused on Kai, Nya and their parents, with the main villains being the Elemental Masters of Time (Acronix and Krux) and their army of Vermillion warriors, trying to rewrite history.[12][13]
The eight season, "Sons of Garmadon" featured redesigns to closely resemble visually The Lego Ninjago Movie, and was released April 16, 2018 in the US. It focused on the ninjas trying to prevent Garmadon's resurrection, albeit with no good in him, by a criminal organization, the Sons of Garmadon (SoG), via three Oni Masks, but failed.[14]
The ninth season, "Hunted", will premiere on June 30, 2018 in Australia. It is the first season where they'll be no focus character due to two separate plot lines. The first trailer, released in Japan confirms that the Elemental Masters will return as part of the resistance.
The series has been nominated twice for awards. Peter Hausner was nominated at the 39th Annie Awards for his direction, but lost to Simpsons director Matthew Nastuk. The composers, Michael Kramer and Jay Vincent, were nominated for the BMI TV Music Award, which they won.[15]
All episodes feature a theme song called "The Weekend Whip", performed by The Fold, except for Seasons 8 and 9. In each season, the song is remixed.
Critical reception[edit]
On the whole, the series has been very well received by fans and critics.[needs update?][16]
The pilot and episodes received overall positive reception, with people praising the characters, plot, music and overall exciting and new tone brought to this new LEGO theme.
The first season received genuinely positive reviews, more so than the pilots. Fans and critics praised the character development, score, pacing, storytelling and fun nature of the series. Mixed reception was aimed towards the annoying nature of the Serpentine, however this was an extremely minor complaint. People continued to praise how unique and surprising this theme continued to be and how well a full LEGO TV-series could work.
The second season received high critical acclaim. The first half of the season was not as acclaimed as the second half however, due to the filler nature the first six episodes had to them. The second half of the season continues to be viewed as the best run to come out of the entire franchise. The storytelling, continued character development, score and cinematic tone the second season contained lead to continuous praise and positive reviews. Fans and critics alike felt as if the season was "the perfect way to close off this incredible TV series." While many fans and critics were saddened that the series was supposed to conclude after this season, everyone saw it as "the highest note for the series to go out on."
Following the theme's revival in 2014, the third season, much like the second, received high critical acclaim. Fans and critics appreciated the change in tone in introducing technology as the main focus, as well as the season's pacing. The character development and score continued to receive praise, however the airing of the season in which two episodes were released every two months highly irritated majority of fans. The season finale was a high point of critical acclaim, still standing out as one of the series' best episodes. Many praised the season for developing the character of Zane and Garmadon, as well as the introduction of P.I.X.A.L.
The fourth season continued to receive high amounts of critical praise. The new characters - mainly Skylor, Chen and Clouse - were major highlights to majority of fans. The Mortal Kombat tone present to the season was highly praised by fans, as well as the character development, tone, music, pacing and focus on Garmadon's character. Fans describe the season as "a major step in the right direction to keep this franchise feeling fresh, fun and exciting." As of 2018, this season is often looked at as either the best or second best season of the entire series. Fans praised the introduction of other Elemental Masters, and often look at this season as Ninjago's biggest step forward into new territory.
The fifth season has received mixed to generally positive reception from fans. Critics and fans praise the genuinely darker tone to the season, as well as the characters of Morro and Ronin, as well as Nya's character arc throughout the season. The idea of ghosts and possession was also praised by fans alike. However this season holds the most criticism of any Ninjago season. The Cloud Kingdom, the more somber pacing and crossover with LEGO Legends of Chima were the main points of criticism here. However the season still received mainly positive reviews.
The sixth season received much more positive reviews however. Fans and critics commented on how unique the season is and how it stand out from other seasons. The focus on Jay and Nya and the character of Nadakhan are main points of critical praise here, as well as the higher focus on action and character development, with many people commenting on how far Ninjago has come since its beginning in 2011. Much like the fourth season, this season is seen as one of, if not, the most unique season in the Ninjago franchise, and is seen as one of the series' best seasons.
The halloween special Day of the Departed received mainly mixed reception. Whilst fans and critics praised the dark tone, recurring old characters and story idea, majority of reception was negative. This is due to the lack of development for Cole, being the focus character, the short and underwhelming action sequences and a disappointing conclusion. An alternate version of the special was released on January 31st, 2017, released for countries such as China. Though produced in Chinese, this version was far more critically applauded than the original, with many addressing how it's overall nature and pacing were "more fun and thrilling" and the fight scenes were "intense and well choreographed".
The seventh season also received mainly mixed reception. The introduction of the Elemental Power of Time was well received, as well as the story conclusion of Kai and Nya's parents - Ray and Maya - and the masters of Time themselves, Acronix and Krux. The negative reception was aimed at the more somber and dull tone present throughout the season. The animation of the seventh season was also a high point of criticism. The season finale was a high point of critical praise however. The season is often considered to be the weakest season of the series, just in front the Day of the Departed special and behind the fifth season.
The eighth season has received critical acclaim, receiving the most amount of praise since the second season. The animation, more complex storytelling, a deeper yet darker tone, new characters and in-depth character development have been extremely high point of praise so far. Prior to the season premiere however, the redesigning of the Ninja was a strong point of hate within the community. Over time however, said complaints have lowered as fans have adjusted. However, said hatred still exists. Fans and critics have referred to the eighth season as their favourite, with writers Dan and Kevin Hageman themselves called season eight their favourite. The character development of Lloyd,Zane and Cole have been high points of praise, as well as the new characters of Harumi, Mr. E and Ultra Violet. The battle of Zane V.S. Mr. E has even praised as the best battle and moment in the season. Fans also praised the larger role of P.I.X.A.L., as her character had now become "relevant".
The first trailer for the ninth season has been loved by fans alike so far, with many describing it as "the next perfect step for the series" and "a perfect companion season for the eighth, yet still strong enough to be its own story".
Home media[edit]
The pilot episodes were released on DVD March 27, 2012.[17][better source needed]
Season 1 was released June 26, 2012,[18] and the second season was released on DVD March 5, 2013.[19]
In late September 2012, Warner Bros. Home Entertainment announced that it would be releasing the first part of the second season ("Darkness Shall Rise" to "The Stone Army") under the title Rise of the Green Ninja on November 27, 2012 (though this was later pushed forward to December 11),[20] while the complete second season and the complete series has been released on March 5, 2013.[19]
Season 3 was divided into 2 volumes with volume 1 being released on August 5, 2014[21] and volume 2 being released on January 20, 2015.[22]
Season 4 was released on July 21, 2015.[23]
Season 5 was released on February 16, 2016.[24]
Season 6 was released on March 14, 2016, and Day of the Departed was released on February 7, 2017.
Season 7 was released on October 6, 2017.
Video games[edit]
The ninja appear as playable characters in Lego Dimensions. Additionally, a large range of Ninjago mobile games have been released. Three video games have been released.
Lego Battles: Ninjago[edit]
A video game named Lego Battles: Ninjago was released in spring 2011. It was based on the two pilots of the series, and it features some of the characters who appear in the original episodes (Kai, Jay, Zane, Cole, etc.).
Nindroids[edit]
Lego Ninjago: Nindroids is an action-adventure game for the Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita,[25] The game was developed by Hellbent Games and co-published by TT Games Publishing July 29, 2014.[26][27] Lego Ninjago: Nindroids was announced March 2014 as the second video game based on the Lego Ninjago line of play sets.[26] The game was targeted at a younger audience.[28]
The game has the same plot as the third season of TV series.[26] In the game, the player assumes the role of a Spinjitzu Master tasked with defending the New Ninjago City from The Overlord's evil Nindroid army.[25][26] The game contains 30 levels consisting of puzzles and battle sequences.[25]
NintendoLife thought this game was beginning to evidence the formulaic nature of the Lego universe of video games,[27] while JeuxVideo thought the game was repetitive.[28] The game was in a top-10 best-selling list of games for PlayStation Vita in New Zealand in May 2017.[29]
Shadow of Ronin[edit]
Lego Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin is an action-adventure game developed by TT Fusion and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment in March 2015.[30] The game was released initially for Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita,[31] and later for iOS[32] and Android.[33] The game further adapts the TV series,[34] and serves as a sequel to Lego Ninjago: Nindroids.[30] Although non-canon to the TV series,it takes place just after the fourth season.
After Garmadon sacrificed himself and was sent into the Cursed Realm, Lloyd left the team to cope with losing his father. The remaining members meet the new threat Ronin, a mercenary, who partially erases the Ninja's memories. The Ninja travel to the Toxic Bogs, after which they have a vision of weapons that can restore their memories. They collect the weapons and go to see Lloyd, who takes them to see his mother for help. Once they find the Primal Fulcrum, the Ninja free Lloyd's mother from Ronin's control. Ronin freezes them and grabs the remaining elemental crystals. He plans to use the Fulcrum to bring back Chen from the Cursed Realm. The Ninja chase Ronin into a portal, where the Ninja have a final battle with Ronin; he escapes and knocks the Ninja's weapons into the abyss. The ending reveals the game was a story told by Kai. In an epilogue, Dareth steals the Helmet of Darkness to control the Stone Army.
Warner Brothers announced the game in December 2014.[35] The game is single-player.[36] It has new gameplay items, though the gameplay and characters are familiar.[35] The game was targeted at a younger audience.[37][36]
Both PocketGamer and Nintendo Life said the game negatively felt the same as the previous games in the Lego series.[36][30] PocketGamer praised the better graphics but was frustrated with the controls on iOS, especially with time-sensitive actions.[36] Nintendo Life appreciated the humor but thought the graphics had issues on the 3DS.[30] The game was in a top-10 best-selling list of games for PlayStation Vita in New Zealand in May 2017.[29]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "LEGO Ninjago - Nick.dk". Nickelodeon.dk. Viacom International.
Jump up ^ "Wil Film - Production Company - Wil Film". wilfilm.dk.
Jump up ^ "NINJAGO: MASTERS OF SPINJITZU Rise of the Serpetine - Season 1". Retrieved 2018-01-12.
Jump up ^ "Lego Ninjago Series 1 on Amazon.com". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lego Ninjago business section on IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Scott Collura (June 27, 2013). "LEGO's Ninjago Gets a Movie". IGN. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tHqGLaYiSs. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "LEGO Club Magazine". lego.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Ninjago "Possession" (Official Trailer Season 5). YouTube. 8 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Ninjago San Diego Comic Con 2015 Panel Recap". The Brick Fan.
Jump up ^ YouTube. youtube.com.
Jump up ^ "Beni Bavuwu Lunkeba". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-10-30.
Jump up ^ "Beni Bavuwu Lunkeba - Google+". plus.google.com. Retrieved 2016-10-30.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Garmadon - LEGO NINJAGO - Season 8 Trailer". YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Awards for "Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu"". IMDb. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
Jump up ^ "Lego Ninjago review". Commonsense Media. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lego Ninjago pilot episodes on Amazon.com". Amazon.com. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lego Ninjago Series 1 on Amazon.com". Amazon.com. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu – Warner Press Release Announces 'Rise of the Green Ninja' DVD". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ David Lambert. "Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu – Short Delay for Warner's 'Rise of the Green Ninja' DVD Release". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: LEGO:NINJAGO:MASTERS SPINJITZU:REBTD: Season 3 Battle for New Ninjago City Season 3 Part 1: Vincent Tong, Kirby Morrow, Michael Adamthwaite, Brent Miller, Paul Dobson, Kelly Metzger, Jilian Michaels, Kathleen Barr, Scott McNeil, Jennifer Hayward, Lee Tockar, Alan Marriott, Torsten Jacobsen, ERIK WILSTRUP: Movies & TV". amazon.com.
Jump up ^ "Amazon.com: LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu: Rebooted: Season 3 Part 2: Vincent Tong, Kirby Morrow, Michael Adamthwaite, Brent Miller, Paul Dobson, Kelly Metzger, Jilian Michaels, Kathleen Barr, Scott McNeil, Jennifer Hayward, Lee Tockar, Alan Marriott, Torsten Jacobsen, ERIK WILSTRUP: Movies & TV". amazon.com.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu - Season Four... : Target". Target.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu - Season Five... : brickblogger.com". brickblogger.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Seibert, Dustin J. (25 March 2014). "LEGO Ninjago: Nindroids Announced". IGN. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Whitehead, Thomas (24 March 2014). "LEGO Ninjago: Nindroids Confirmed for a 3DS Arrival This Summer". NintendoLife.com. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b DelVillano, Ron (2014-08-13). "Review: LEGO Ninjago: Nindroids (3DS)". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Epyon. "Test LEGO Ninjago : Nindroïds sur 3DS". Jeuxvideo.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-09-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Makuch, Eddie (2017-05-17). "Best-Selling Games Of The Past Week In Australia And New Zealand Revealed". GameSpot. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
^ Jump up to: a b c d DelVillano, Ron (2015-04-29). "Review: LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin (3DS)". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
Jump up ^ Whittaker, Matt. "LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin Receives Adorable Launch Trailer". Hardcore Gamer. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin Review". Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin Mobile Video Game". Lego.com. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17.
Jump up ^ Sirani, Jordan (2015-01-30). "LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin Key Art Revealed". IGN. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Blake, Vikki (2014-12-05). "Warner Bros. Announces LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin". IGN. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fox, Glen. "LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin Review". Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
Jump up ^ Olney, Alex (2014-12-05). "Warner Bros. Announces LEGO Ninjago: Shadow of Ronin for Nintendo 3DS". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
External links[edit]
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Crystal R. Fox
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Crystal R. Fox
Born
(1964-01-01) January 1, 1964 (age 54)
Tryon, North Carolina,[1] US
Occupation
Actress, singer
Years active
1989–present
Crystal R. Fox (born January 1, 1964) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series In the Heat of the Night (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, The Haves and the Have Nots (2013–present).
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
2 Filmography
2.1 Film
2.2 Television
3 References
4 External links
Life and career[edit]
Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning comedy-drama film Driving Miss Daisy (1989) starring Morgan Freeman and Jessica Tandy. She later joined the cast of NBC police drama series In the Heat of the Night as of third season, playing Luann Corbin. She was a regular cast member through the series finale in 1995, appearing in more that 100 episodes.[2] In 1990s, Fox also had supporting roles in films Drop Squad (1994) and Once Upon a Time...When We Were Colored (1995) opposite Phylicia Rashad and Al Freeman, Jr.. On television, she later guest-starred on Law & Order, The Sopranos, and Third Watch. Fox also co-starred opposite Phylicia Rashad and Debbie Allen in the 2001 PBS production of The Old Settler.[3]
Fox has appeared on many stage productions during her career.[4] She worked in New York City, Alexandria, Silver Spring, and Atlanta, where she lives.[5] She received a Helen Hayes Award nomination for her performance in the 2002 play Home.[5] Her other stage credits include For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf, Antony and Cleopatra, The Comedy of Errors, A Raisin in the Sun, The Colored Museum, The Amen Corner, The Boys from Syracuse, Bessie's Blues, Little Shop of Horrors and The Rocky Horror Picture Show.[5] The was a member of the Alliance Theatre for many years.[6] During 2014-15, she acted as lead in the play, Blues for an Alabama Sky.[7]
In 2013, Fox was cast in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, The Haves and the Have Nots produced by Tyler Perry.[8] She plays the leading role of Hanna Young, the single mother who works as the rich family's maid and also serves as the best friend and confidante of the lady of the house, Katheryn Cryer (played by Renee Lawless). The series also stars Tika Sumpter, Angela Robinson, and John Schneider. Fox has received positive reviews for her performance in the show.[9][10]
In 2018, Fox was cast in a series regular role for the second season of HBO drama series Big Little Lies as Zoë Kravitz’s character mother Elizabeth Howard.[11][12][13]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989 Driving Miss Daisy Katie Bell
1991 Separate but Equal NAACP telephone receptionist Television film
1994 Drop Squad Zora
1995 Once Upon a Time...When We Were Colored Miss Doll
2001 The Old Settler Lou Bessie Segment "Charmaine"
2014 Ir/Reconcilable Pam Short film
2016 Coffee Klatch Cindy Mercer
2018 Burden Janice Kennedy
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989-1995 In the Heat of the Night Luann Corbin Series regular, 102 episodes
1996 Savannah DA Laine Thompkins Episodes: "From Here to Paternity" and "Creep Throat"
2001 Law & Order Mancelli Episode: "White Lie"
2001 The Sopranos Nurse Episode: "Pine Barrens"
2001 Third Watch Nunez Episode: "And Zeus Wept"
2010 Tyler Perry's House of Payne CJ & Janine's nanny/housekeeper, Ms. Willamina Recurring role, 5 episodes
2013–present The Haves and the Have Nots Hanna Young Series regular
2018 Big Little Lies Elizabeth Howard Series regular
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Crystal R. Fox Biography". film reference. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television. McFarland. 2009. ISBN 978-0786437900.
Jump up ^ "The Old Settler". 25 April 2001. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crystal Fox as 'Hanna Young'". OWN. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fox, Crystal R". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crystal Fox". Alliance Theatre. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Jewish Times. "Crystal Fox". Atlanta Jewish Times. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Brian Lowry. "Tyler Perry's "The Haves and Have Nots" Premieres on OWN - Variety". Variety. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Team TVLine. "Keegan-Michael Key's 'Playing House' Performance — Season 2, Episode 4 - TVLine". TVLine. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crystal Fox spills 'The Haves and the Have Nots' secrets before season finale - Rolling Out". Rolling Out. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (3 April 2018). "'Big Little Lies' Closes Deals For 4 To Return; Adds Two New Season 2 Cast Members". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Nemetz, Dave (3 April 2018). "Big Little Lies: Merrin Dungey to Return, Plus Robin Weigert and 2 Others". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (3 April 2018). "'Big Little Lies' Season 2 Brings Back Four Cast Members, Adds Two More". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
External links[edit]
Crystal R. Fox on IMDb
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Karyn Parsons
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Karyn Parsons
Born
(1966-10-08) October 8, 1966 (age 51)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Nationality
American
Education
Santa Monica High School
Occupation
Actress, comedian
Years active
1987–present
Spouse(s)
Randy Brooks
(m. 1987; div. 1990)
Alexandre Rockwell
(m. 2003)
Children
2
Karyn Parsons (born October 8, 1966)[1] is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for her role as Hilary Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air from 1990–1996. Parsons also starred in the 1995 film Major Payne opposite Damon Wayans.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Parsons was born in Los Angeles, California. In an interview for Essence in 2008, she described her parentage as biracial.[2] Her mother, Louise Parsons, is an African American from Charleston, South Carolina and her father, Kenneth B. Parsons, is of Welsh descent and from Butte, Montana. She attended Santa Monica High School.[3]
Career[edit]
Parsons starred as Hilary Banks on the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, which aired on NBC from 1990 to 1996. She co-created, co-produced, co-wrote, and co-starred on the Fox sitcom Lush Life in 1996, which was later canceled after four episodes. In 2001, she starred in the critically acclaimed but short-lived television series The Job with Denis Leary. Besides television, Parsons has starred in several films, particularly in comedies such as Late Nights (1992), Major Payne (1995), and The Ladies Man (2000). Parsons is the creator of Sweet Blackberry, a line of animated films about unsung black heroes. The first in the series is about Henry "Box" Brown, a slave who mailed himself to freedom.[4]
Personal life[edit]
Parsons married The Young and the Restless actor Randy Brooks in 1987; they divorced in 1990.[citation needed] Parsons married director Alexandre Rockwell in 2003. Together they have a daughter, Lana (born June 8, 2003), and a son, Nico (born April 11, 2007).[5]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989 Death Spa Brooke
1992 Class Act Ellen
1995 Major Payne Emily Walburn
1998 Mixing Nia Nia
2000 The Ladies Man Julie Simmons
2002 13 Moons Lily
2017 On Monday of Last Week Tracy Short film
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1987 The Bronx Zoo Amelia Episodes: "Changes" and "The Power of a Lie"
1988 Hunter Elizabeth Childs Episode: "Renegade"
1988 CBS Summer Playhouse Lynette Episode: "Roughhouse"
1990–96 The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Hilary Banks Main role
1992 Blossom Hilary Banks Episode: "Wake Up Little Suzy"
1992 Out All Night Hilary Banks Episode: "The Great Pretender"
1995 The John Larroquette Show Annie Episode: "Several Unusual Love Stories"
1996 Gulliver's Travels Lady-in-waiting Episode: "February 4, 1996"
1996 Lush Life Margot Hines Lead role
1999 Melrose Place Jackie Zambrano Episodes: "How Amanda Got Her Groove" and "Unpleasantville"
1999 Linc's Elaine Episode: "Dog Day Afternoon"
2001–02 The Job Toni Main role
2002 Static Shock Tracy Voice; Episode: "Static Shaq"
2018 Fly Denise Wyatt Main role; In production[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Karyn Parsons Profile". NNDB.com. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
Jump up ^ http://www.blackcelebkids.com/2008/07/01/karyn-parsonsits-hard-being-biracial-in-americaraising-biracial-kids/
Jump up ^ Karyn Parsons Biography - Yahoo! Movies
Jump up ^ Maltais, Michelle (December 22, 2005). "Delivered from slavery". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Media. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Stephen (February 3, 2008). "Fresh Prince's Hilary Produces a Little Black History". Calgary Herald. Postmedia Network. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New TV series "Fly" will tell the stories of the first all Black female flight crew". Our Weekly. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
External links[edit]
Karyn Parsons on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb14214058j (data)
ISNI: 0000 0001 1932 4302
LCCN: nr2004015214
VIAF: 12517025
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karyn_Parsons&oldid=854691612"
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This page was last edited on 13 August 2018, at 03:52 (UTC).
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