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We Are the Champions
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This article is about the song by Queen. For the British television game show, see We Are the Champions (TV series). For other uses, see We Are the Champions (disambiguation).
"We Are the Champions"
Single by Queen
from the album News of the World
B-side
"We Will Rock You"
Released
7 October 1977
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
1977
Genre
Rock
Length
2:59
Label
EMI (UK)
Elektra (US)
Songwriter(s)
Freddie Mercury
Producer(s)
Queen, assisted by Mike "Clay" Stone
Queen singles chronology
"Long Away"
(1977) "We Are the Champions"
(1977) "Spread Your Wings"
(1978)
"Long Away"
(1977) "We Are the Champions/We Will Rock You"
(1977) "Spread Your Wings"
(1978)
Audio sample
file
help
"We Are the Champions" is a song by the British rock band Queen, first released on their 1977 album News of the World.[1] Written by lead singer Freddie Mercury, it is one of Queen's most popular songs, and one of rock's most recognisable anthems.[2] The song was a worldwide success, reaching number two in the UK Singles Chart and number four on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.[3][4] In 2009, "We Are the Champions" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame,[5] and was voted the world's favourite song in a 2005 Sony Ericsson world music poll.[6] In 2011, a team of scientific researchers concluded that the song was the catchiest in the history of popular music.[7]
"We Are the Champions" has become an anthem for victories at sporting events,[2] including as official theme song for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, and has been often used or referenced in popular culture. The song has also been covered by many artists.
On 7 October 2017, Queen released a Raw Sessions version of the track to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the release of News of the World. It was made from previously unheard vocal and instrumental takes from the original multi-track tapes. It also presents for the first time the original recorded length of the track, which is two choruses more than the 1977 edited single.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Music
2 Music video
3 Legacy
4 Chart performances
5 Personnel
6 Track listings
7 Charts and certifications
7.1 Weekly charts
7.2 Year-end charts
7.3 Sales and certifications
8 Crazy Frog version
8.1 Music video
8.2 Chart performances
8.3 Track listings
8.4 Certifications and sales
8.5 Charts
9 Other versions and samplings
9.1 Live covers
10 References
11 External links
Music[edit]
Written by Freddie Mercury, "We Are the Champions" was built on audience response, with Brian May stating, "We wanted to get the crowds waving and singing. It's very unifying and positive."[9]
Musically, it is based on Mercury's piano part, with Roger Taylor and John Deacon providing a drums and bass guitar backing. May overdubbed some guitar sections, initially subtle, but building to a "solo" played simultaneously with the last chorus. Mercury employed many jazz chords (major and minor 6th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th harmonies), and the choruses featured these voiced as 4 and 5-part vocal harmonies. The lead vocal is very demanding and strident (highest point is a C5 both belted and in falsetto), with one of Mercury's most notable performances taking place at the Live Aid concert, at Wembley Stadium, London in 1985.[10]
The single featured "We Will Rock You" as a B-side, and followed the song on the album. The two songs were often played consecutively at the close of Queen concerts, and are customarily played together on radio broadcasts (in album order).[2] Keeping with tradition, it was also used to close the 1992 Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert with all the show's acts joining in behind the lead vocal of Liza Minnelli.[2]
Music video[edit]
The video for the song was filmed at a special video shoot with fan club members at the New London Theatre Centre on 6 October 1977 and was directed by Derek Burbridge. An alternate version which starts in monochrome before blasting into colour as the drums and guitars kick in was broadcast on Top of the Pops 2 and comprises alternate footage shot on the same day.
Legacy[edit]
In 2011, a team of scientific researchers concluded that the song was the catchiest song in the history of pop music, despite its not hitting #1 in the charts in any major market. Dr. Daniel Mullensiefen said of the study, "Every musical hit is reliant on maths, science, engineering and technology; from the physics and frequencies of sound that determine pitch and harmony, to the hi-tech digital processors and synthesisers which can add effects to make a song more catchier. We’ve discovered that there’s a science behind the sing-along and a special combination of neuroscience, math and cognitive psychology that can produce the elusive elixir of the perfect sing-along song."[7]
In July 2016 the song was used to introduce Donald Trump to the first session of the Republican National Convention in Cleveland. Queen immediately issued a statement denouncing Trump's use of the song as not authorized by the band. (Licensing for public performance of the song is administered by the performing rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI).)[11]
Chart performances[edit]
In 1977–1978, "We Are the Champions" was released as a single in many countries, reaching number 2 on the UK Singles Chart.[3] number 4 on Billboard in the US.,[4] the top 10 in Ireland, Netherlands, and Norway, and top 15 in Germany, Austria and Sweden.[12][13]
In 1992, 1993 and 1998, the single was re-released in France, totalling 45 weeks on the chart and peaking respectively at #19, #14, and #10 during the 1998 FIFA World Cup.[13]
Personnel[edit]
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Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, piano
Brian May - electric guitar, backing vocals
Roger Taylor - drums, backing vocals
John Deacon - bass guitar
Track listings[edit]
7" single (1977 release)
"We Are the Champions" – 3:00
"We Will Rock You" – 2:00
3" CD single (1988 release)
"We Are the Champions" – 3:02
"We Will Rock You" – 2:02
"Fat Bottomed Girls" – 3:23
CD single (1992 release)
"We Are the Champions" – 2:59
"We Will Rock You / We Are the Champions" – 5:00
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1977–78)
Peak
position
Australia KMR [14] 8
Austrian Singles Chart[13] 12
Canadian RPM Top Singles[15] 3
Dutch Top 40 2
German Singles Chart[13] 13
Irish Singles Chart[12] 3
New Zealand[16] 8
Norwegian Singles Chart[13] 6
Swedish Singles Chart[13] 14
UK Singles Chart[3] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[4] 4
Chart (1993–94)
Peak
position
Dutch Mega Top 100[13] 27
French Singles Chart[13] 14
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
French Singles Chart[13] 10
Chart (2006)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot Digital Songs[4] 61
Chart (2016)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [17] 50
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1977)
Position
UK Singles Chart[18] 23
Chart (1978)
Position
Australia[14] 57
Austrian Singles Chart[19] 25
Canadian Top Singles[20] 27
US Billboard Hot 100[21] 25
Chart (1998)
Position
French Singles Chart[22] 72
Sales and certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
France (SNEP)[23]
Gold + Gold 874,000[23]
United Kingdom (BPI)[24]
Gold 500,000^
United States (RIAA)[25]
1977 vinyl release
Platinum 2,000,000^
United States (RIAA)[25]
2003 digital release
2× Platinum 2,000,000
Total certified sales:
5,374,000
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Crazy Frog version[edit]
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)"
Single by Crazy Frog
from the album Crazy Frog Presents More Crazy Hits
Released
5 June 2006
Format
CD single, Maxi single, Digital download
Recorded
2005
Genre
Dance, electronica
Length
3:03
Label
Ministry of Sound
Songwriter(s)
Freddie Mercury
Producer(s)
Erik Wernquist
Crazy Frog singles chronology
"Jingle Bells/U Can't Touch This"
(2005) "We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)"
(2006) "Last Christmas"
(2006)
"Jingle Bells/U Can't Touch This"
(2005) "We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)"
(2006) "Last Christmas"
(2006)
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" is a song from 2006 by Crazy Frog inspired by Queen's hit from 1977, "We Are the Champions". It was released as a single on 5 June 2006. A cover of the 1977 song from Queen of the same name, it was released to coincide with the 2006 World Cup. Vocal arrangements include a sample portion of Queen's original rendering.
Music video[edit]
The music video depicts Crazy Frog in bed dreaming that he is competing in a soccer match against Killbots. Though outnumbered, he easily defeats and humiliates them. One goal rebounds off the net knocking him out and causing him to briefly wake up. Having defeated his enemies he finds himself hovering in a soccer universe.
He happens to glance at hundreds of clones marching toward him. He panics and runs in fear. He reaches a tall stairway leading up to a giant gold trophy. Crazy Frog becomes exhausted near the top unlike his indefatigable pursuants. The trophy turns into a giant soccer ball that begins to roll rapidly down toward Crazy Frog.
Crazy Frog is crushed and falls with the ball all the way back to the ground, startling him enough to wake up. When the music video was originally released online, it appeared as it was released. However, the current version lacks the soccer ball being kicked and the accompanying sound effects.
After being internationally released, it was shown before the animated movie Cars.
Chart performances[edit]
The single had its greatest success in France. It went straight to #1 on 10 June 2006, and stayed at this position for five weeks. It remained for nine weeks in the Top 10, seventeen weeks in the top fifty, and twenty five weeks in the chart. On 30 August 2006, it was certified Gold disc two months after its release by SNEP, the French certifier, and became the fifteenth best selling single in 2006 in that country.
Track listings[edit]
CD single
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (radio edit) – 2:57
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (club mix) – 5:49
Maxi single
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (radio edit) – 2:57
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (house mix) – 6:04
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (club mix) – 5:51
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (club mix dub) – 5:17
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)" (video)
Certifications and sales[edit]
Country
Certification
Date
Sales certified
Physical sales
Belgium[26] Gold 9 September 2006 20,000
France[27] Gold 30 August 2006 200,000 205,908[28]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2006)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[29] 13
Austrian Singles Chart[29] 4
Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart[29] 10
Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart[29] 2
Danish Singles Chart[29] 3
Dutch Mega Top 100[29] 100
Eurochart Hot 100 2
Finnish Singles Chart[29] 10
French SNEP Singles Chart[29] 1
German Singles Chart[30] 10
Irish IRMA Singles Chart[30] 23
Italian FIMI Singles Chart[29] 13
New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart[29] 20
Spanish Singles Chart[29] 2
Swedish Singles Chart[29] 11
Swiss Singles Chart[29] 5
UK Singles Chart[30] 11
End of year chart (2006)
Position
Austrian Singles Chart[31] 44
Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart[32] 36
Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart[33] 12
French Singles Chart[34] 15
Other versions and samplings[edit]
2001: Robbie Williams on vocals with Queen (May/Taylor) for the soundtrack of the 2001 film A Knight's Tale.[35]
It was used in season 1 of The Big Bang Theory.
The song was used in an episode of Regular Show
The song was used in Fox animated series The Simpsons in the episode "She Used to Be My Girl".
2017: Queen released a Raw Sessions version of the track in celebration of the album's 40th anniversary. It was made from previously unheard vocal and instrumental takes from the original multi-track tapes. It also presents for the first time the original recorded length of the track, which is two choruses more than the 1977 edited single.[36]
Live covers[edit]
Liza Minnelli and other guest artists sang this song to close The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in 1992.
Green Day at Reading Festival 2004, and at Live 8 in 2005.[37][38]
Adam Lambert and Kris Allen, in the season 8 finale of American Idol, on 20 May 2009.[39]
In 2011, Christina Aguilera, Cee Lo Green, Adam Levine & Blake Shelton covered the song at The Voice.[40]
In 2012, Katy Perry covered the song at Summertime Ball 2012 edition in front of 80,000 at the new Wembley Stadium, in London.[41]
During their 2014 tour, Monumentour, Fall Out Boy covered a short version of the song on stage before going into their title track 'Save Rock and Roll' off of the 2013 album.
Preceded by
"Un'estate italiana"
by Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini FIFA World Cup theme song
with
Gloryland by Daryl Hall
1994 Succeeded by
"The Cup of Life" by Ricky Martin
and
"Together Now"
by Jean Michel Jarre and Tetsuya Komuro
References[edit]
Jump up ^ BRITs 25 Song Award: We Are The Champions – Queen BBC Retrieved 21 January 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c d We Are the Champions: Song Review AllMusic Retrieved 21 January 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c UK Singles Chart Chartstats.com (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Billboard allmusic.com (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
Jump up ^ Grammy Hall of Fame Award Grammy.org Retrieved 21 April 2011
Jump up ^ Haines, Lester (29 September 2005) 'We Are The Champions' voted world's fave song (Sony Ericsson world music poll) Retrieved 21 April 2011
^ Jump up to: a b We Are The Champions voted catchiest pop song of all time... by scientists, The Daily Mail, 29 September 2011
Jump up ^ "We Are The Champions & We Will Rock You - The Unheard 'Raw Sessions'". Queen Online. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ For the first time ever...Queen: Ten great hits from the sensational rock band Mail Online Retrieved 21 January 2011
Jump up ^ "Sacha Baron Cohen to play Freddie Mercury" BBC News Retrieved 22 January 2011
Jump up ^ Queen want Donald Trump to stop using their music. But the law might be on Trump's side.
^ Jump up to: a b Irish Single Chart Irishcharts.ie (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "We Are the Champions", in various singles charts Lescharts.com (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
^ Jump up to: a b Steffen Hung. "Forum - 1970 (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart | The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Nztop40.co.nz. 1978-02-05. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Nigel; Scaping, Peter, eds. (1978). "Top 100 Singles in 1977". BPI Year Book 1978 (3rd ed.). London, England: The British Phonographic Industry Ltd. pp. 216–17. ISBN 0-906154-01-4.
Jump up ^ 1978 Austrian Singles Chart Austriancharts.at (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1978/Top 100 Songs of 1978". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ 1998 French Singles Chart Disqueenfrance.com Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
^ Jump up to: a b French certifications and sales:
1978 Release: "InfoDisc : Les Certifications (Albums) du SNEP (Bilan par Artiste)". Institut français d'opinion publique (in French). France: InfoDisc.fr. Search for "Queen" and press "OK" to see the 1978 certification and sales figures. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
1998 Release: "SNEP - Syndicat National de l'édition Phonographique". Syndicat National de l'édition Phonographique (in French). France: Snepmusique.com. The certification was awarded for single sales more than 250,000 copies. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Queen – We Are the Champions". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved December 27, 2015. Enter We Are the Champions in the search field and then press Enter.
^ Jump up to: a b "American single certifications – Queen – We Are the Champions". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved December 27, 2015. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ Belgian certifications Ultratop.be (Retrieved 11 August 2008)
Jump up ^ French certifications Disqueenfrance.com Archived 7 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 16 December 2007)
Jump up ^ 2006 French Singles Chart Fanofmusic.free.fr (Retrieved 16 December 2007)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)", in various singles charts Lescharts.com (Retrieved 16 December 2007)
^ Jump up to: a b c "We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)", in various singles charts Acharts.us (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
Jump up ^ 2006 Austrian Singles Chart Austriancharts.at (Retrieved 17 May 2008)
Jump up ^ 2006 Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart Ultratop.be (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
Jump up ^ 2006 Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart Ultratop.be (Retrieved 29 July 2008)
Jump up ^ 2006 French Singles Chart Disqueenfrance.com Archived 4 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 16 December 2007)
Jump up ^ Soundtrack for "A Knight's Tale". Internet Movie Database.
Jump up ^ "We Are The Champions & We Will Rock You - The Unheard 'Raw Sessions'". Queen Online. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Live 8 accounts: Berlin BBC. Retrieved 11 July 2011
Jump up ^ "Green Day American Idiot". BBC. Retrieved 4 March 2015
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (20 May 2009). "Kris Allen, Adam Lambert Tear Up Queen's 'We Are The Champions' – News Story | Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV News". MTV. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
Jump up ^ 'The Voice': Christina Aguilera, Blake Shelton, Adam Levine, Cee Lo Green Perform Queen Medley The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 16 March 2012
Jump up ^ "Katy Perry Parties Out In London After Summertime Ball 2012 Performance". Capital FM. Retrieved 20 June 2012
External links[edit]
Official YouTube videos: original music video, Live at the Bowl, Queen + Paul Rodgers, at Freddie Mercury tribute concert (with Liza Minnelli)
Lyrics from Queen official website: full live version (from The Singles Collection Volume 4), abridged live version (from Live Magic)
[show]
Queen songs
Discography
Queen
"Keep Yourself Alive"
"Liar"
Queen II
"Seven Seas of Rhye"
Sheer Heart Attack
"Killer Queen"/"Flick of the Wrist"
"Now I'm Here"
"Lily of the Valley"
"Stone Cold Crazy"
A Night at the Opera
"Bohemian Rhapsody"
"You're My Best Friend"
"Love of My Life"
A Day at the Races
"Somebody to Love"
"Tie Your Mother Down"
"Teo Torriatte (Let Us Cling Together)"
"Long Away"
"Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy"
News of the World
"We Are the Champions"/"We Will Rock You"
"Spread Your Wings"
"It's Late"
Jazz
"Bicycle Race"/"Fat Bottomed Girls"
"Don't Stop Me Now"
"Jealousy"
"Mustapha"
Live Killers
"Love of My Life" (Live)
"We Will Rock You" (Live)
The Game
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love"
"Save Me"
"Play the Game"
"Another One Bites the Dust"
"Need Your Loving Tonight"
Flash Gordon
"Flash"
Hot Space
"Under Pressure" (with David Bowie)
"Body Language"
"Las Palabras de Amor"
"Calling All Girls"
"Staying Power"
"Back Chat"
The Works
"Radio Ga Ga"
"I Want to Break Free"
"It's a Hard Life"
"Hammer to Fall"
A Kind of Magic
"One Vision"
"A Kind of Magic"
"Princes of the Universe"
"Friends Will Be Friends"
"Pain Is So Close to Pleasure"
"Who Wants to Live Forever"
"One Year of Love"
The Miracle
"I Want It All"
"Breakthru"
"The Invisible Man"
"Scandal"
"The Miracle"
Innuendo
"Innuendo"
"I'm Going Slightly Mad"
"Headlong"
"I Can't Live with You"
"The Show Must Go On"
"These Are the Days of Our Lives"
Made in Heaven
"Heaven for Everyone"
"A Winter's Tale"
"I Was Born to Love You"
"Too Much Love Will Kill You"
"Let Me Live"
"You Don't Fool Me"
Queen Rocks
"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)"/"Tie Your Mother Down"
Greatest Hits III
"Under Pressure (Rah Mix)"
Non-album singles
"Thank God It's Christmas"
"Another One Bites the Dust (Small Soldiers Remix)"
"We Will Rock You" (with Five)
"We Are the Champions" (with Robbie Williams)
"Flash (Vanguard Mix)"
"Another One Bites the Dust (The Miami Project Remixes)"
"Bohemian Rhapsody" (with The Muppets)
Other songs
"See What a Fool I've Been"
"Death on Two Legs"
"Lazing on a Sunday Afternoon"
"I'm in Love with My Car"
"'39"
"Sweet Lady"
"Seaside Rendezvous"
"The Prophet's Song"
"Good Company"
"Sheer Heart Attack"
"Is This the World We Created...?"
"Ride the Wild Wind"
"Delilah"
"Made in Heaven"
"Mother Love"
"Let Me in Your Heart Again"
"Love Kills"
"There Must Be More To Life Than This"
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Crazy Frog
Studio albums
Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits
Crazy Frog Presents More Crazy Hits
Everybody Dance Now
Singles
"Axel F"
"Popcorn"
"Jingle Bells"
"U Can't Touch This"
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)"
"Last Christmas"
"Crazy Frog in the House"
"Daddy DJ"
"Cha Cha Slide"
Video games
Crazy Frog Racer
Crazy Frog Racer 2
Related articles
Jamster
[show]
v
t
e
Music of FIFA World Cup
Official albums
"Gloryland (1994)"
"Allez! Ola! Ole! (1998)"
"The Official Album (2002)"
"Voices (2006)"
"Listen Up! (2010)"
"One Love, One Rhythm (2014)"
Official anthems
"La Cour des Grands (Do You Mind If I Play) (1998)"
"Anthem (2002)"
"Celebrate the Day (2006)"
"Sign of a Victory (2010)"
"Dar um Jeito (We Will Find a Way) (2014)"
Official songs
"A Special Kind of Hero (1986)"
"Un'estate italiana (To Be Number One) (1990)"
"Gloryland (1994)"
"The Cup of Life (La Copa de la Vida) (1998)"
"Boom (2002)"
"The Time of Our Lives (2006)"
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa) (2010)"
"We Are One (Ole Ola) (2014)"
Other official songs
"Hot Hot Hot (1986)"
"World in Motion (1990)"
"We Are the Champions (1994)"
"Together Now (1998)"
"Let's Get Together Now (2002)"
"We're on the Ball"
"Oh Africa"
"Vida"
"Olé"
"La La La (Brazil 2014) (2014)"
Other songs /
Non-official songs
"Back Home"
"Argentine Melody (Cancion de Argentina)"
"Nessun dorma"
"Shibobo"
"Top of the World (Olé, Olé, Olé)"
"Vindaloo"
"Carnaval de Paris"
"Tema da Vitória"
"3 Lions '98"
"A Little Less Conversation (JXL version)"
"Who Do You Think You Are Kidding Jurgen Klinsmann?"
"We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)"
"Allez Ola Olé"
"Everywhere You Go"
"Wavin' Flag (Coca-Cola Celebration Mix) (2010)"
"Adrenalina (Univision version)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=We_Are_the_Champions&oldid=835447798"
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Splint (laboratory equipment)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A box of cylindrical splints
A splint is a simple piece of equipment used in scientific laboratories. Splints are typically long, thin strips of wood, about 6 inches (150 mm) long and ¼ inch (6 mm) wide, and are consumable but inexpensive. They are typically used for tasks such as lighting bunsen burners, as the length of the splint allows a flame to be lit without risk to the user's hand, should the burner flare back. Another use for splints are chemical identification of various gases, and splints are also used to teach simple chemical principles in schools.
Contents
[hide]
1 Use in chemical identification
1.1 Burning splint test
1.2 Glowing splint test
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Use in chemical identification[edit]
Play media
Glowing splint test: the first flask contains air, the second flask contains oxygen, the third flask contains an inert gas, such as nitrogen
Some gases are hard to distinguish by sight or smell alone. For example, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are all colourless and odourless. Several laboratory experiments are capable of producing relatively pure gas as an end product, and it may be useful to demonstrate the chemical identity of that gas. Burning splints or glowing splints can be used to identify whether a gas is flammable, whether it is oxidising, or whether it is chemically inert.
These tests are not safe for completely unidentified gases, as the energy of their explosion could be beyond the safe confinement of a fragile glass tube. This means that they are really only useful as a demonstration of a gas that is already strongly suspected, and so is known to be safe. In a high school chemistry class, a typical use would be to show the presence of hydrogen (after electrolysis of water, or by reacting a metal with an acid).
Burning splint test[edit]
A burning splint can be used to test for a combustible gas.[1][2] A sample of the gas is trapped in a vessel such as a boiling tube with a stopper. A splint is lit and held near the opening of the tube, then the stopper is removed to expose the splint to the gas.
If the gas is flammable, the mixture ignites.[1] This test is most commonly used to identify hydrogen, which ignites with a distinctive 'squeaky pop' sound.[3] Hydrogen is easily ignited, as it is flammable over a wide range of concentrations in air, making this test quite robust. If the gas is non-flammable, the burning splint will be extinguished. As many other common gases are not flammable (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon, etc.), this test cannot be used to definitively conclude what the gas actually is.[4] Further analytical chemistry techniques can clarify the identity of the gas in question.
Glowing splint test[edit]
A glowing splint is held above a glass tube, in which oxygen gas is trapped.
When the stopcock is opened, oxygen gas rushes out, and ignites the glowing splint.
Testing for oxygen with a glowing splint
The glowing splint test is a test for an oxidising gas, such as oxygen.[5] In this test, a splint is lit, allowed to burn for a few seconds, then blown out by mouth or by shaking. Whilst the ember at the tip is still glowing hot, the splint is introduced to the gas sample that has been trapped in a vessel.[5]
Upon exposure to concentrated oxygen gas, the glowing ember flares, and re-ignites to produce a sustained flame.[5][6] The more concentrated the oxygen, the faster the wood burns, and the more intense the flame. This test is not specific for oxygen, but will react similarly for any oxidising gas (such as nitrous oxide) that supports the combustion of the splint.
See also[edit]
Flame test
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Emil Slowinski; Wayne Wolsey; Robert Rossi (2011). Chemical Principles in the Laboratory. Cengage Learning. p. 133. ISBN 0840048343.
Jump up ^ How to Perform and Interpret a Splint Test on YouTube, 8 Dec 2008, Boise State University
Jump up ^ Denise Walker (2007). Acids and Alkalis. Evans Brothers. p. 44. ISBN 0237530023.
Jump up ^ Anne Powling; John O'Connor; Geoff Barton (1995). New Oxford English: Student's, Book 1. Barron's Educational Series. p. 39. ISBN 0198311907.
^ Jump up to: a b c John S. Holman; Phil Stone (2001). Chemistry. Nelson Thornes. p. 26. ISBN 0748762396.
Jump up ^ The Science House. "Production of Oxygen - Experiment 7". NC State University. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
External links[edit]
Testing for Hydrogen Gas on YouTube
Relight of glowing splint by oxygen on YouTube
Nitrous oxide and a glowing splint on YouTube
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