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IMT Advanced
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International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced Standard) are requirements issued by the ITU-R of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2008 for what is marketed as 4G (or sometimes as 4.5G[1][2][3]) mobile phone and Internet access service.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
1.1 Requirements
1.2 Principal technologies
2 Predecessors
2.1 Long Term Evolution (LTE)
2.2 Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)
2.3 Ultra Mobile Broadband
2.4 Flash-OFDM
2.5 iBurst and MBWA
3 Candidate systems
3.1 LTE Advanced
3.2 WiMAX Release 2 (IEEE 802.16m)
4 Comparison
5 References
Description[edit]
An IMT-Advanced system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems, smartphones, and other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.
IMT-Advanced intended to accommodate the quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by further development of applications like mobile broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, but also new services like High-definition television (HDTV). 4G may allow roaming with wireless local area networks, and may interact with digital video broadcasting systems. It was meant to go beyond the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 requirements, which specify mobile phones systems marketed as 3G.
Requirements[edit]
Specific requirements of the IMT-Advanced report included:
Based on an all-Internet Protocol (IP) packet switched network[4]
Interoperability with existing wireless standards[5]
A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions.[6]
Dynamically share and use the network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell.
Scalable channel bandwidth 5–20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz[7][8]
Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth)
System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage[7]
Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks with smooth handovers[4][9]
Ability to offer high quality of service for multimedia support
The first set of 3GPP requirements on LTE Advanced was approved in June 2008.[10]
A summary of the technologies that have been studied as the basis for LTE Advanced is included in a technical report.[11]
While the ITU adopts requirements and recommendations for technologies that would be used for future communications, they do not actually perform the development work themselves, and countries do not consider them binding standards. Other trade groups and standards bodies such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the WiMAX Forum and 3GPP also have a role.
Principal technologies[edit]
Physical layer transmission techniques expected to be used include:[12]
MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency by means of spatial processing including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
Frequency-domain-equalization, for example Multi-carrier modulation (OFDM) in the downlink or single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE) in the uplink: To exploit the frequency selective channel property without complex equalization.
Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing, for example (OFDMA) or (Single-carrier FDMA) (SC-FDMA, Linearly precoded OFDMA, LP-OFDMA) in the uplink: Variable bit rate by assigning different sub-channels to different users based on the channel conditions
Turbo principle error-correcting codes: To minimize the required SNR at the reception side
Channel-dependent scheduling: To utilize the time-varying channel.
Link adaptation: Adaptive modulation and error-correcting codes
Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the cooperative relaying concept, known as multi-mode protocol
Predecessors[edit]
Long Term Evolution (LTE)[edit]
Telia-branded Samsung LTE modem
LTE has a theoretical net bit rate capacity of up to 100 Mbit/s in the downlink and 50 Mbit/s in the uplink if a 20 MHz channel is used — and more if multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays, are used.
The physical radio interface was at an early stage named High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA), now named Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA).
The CDMA spread spectrum radio technology used in 3G systems and IS-95 is abandoned and replaced by OFDMA and other frequency-domain equalization schemes. This is combined with MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out), antenna arrays, dynamic channel allocation and channel-dependent scheduling.
The first publicly available LTE service was opened in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm (Ericsson system) and Oslo (a Huawei system) on 14 December 2009, and branded 4G. The user terminals were manufactured by Samsung.[13] Currently, all four major US wireless carriers offer LTE services.
In South Korea, SK Telecom and LG U+ have enabled access to LTE service since July 2011 for data devices, slated to go nationwide by 2012.[14]
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)[edit]
The Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) mobile wireless broadband access (MWBA) standard (marketed as WiBro in South Korea) is sometimes branded 4G, and offers peak data rates of 128 Mbit/s downlink and 56 Mbit/s uplink over 20 MHz wide channels[citation needed].
The first commercial mobile WiMAX service was opened by KT in Seoul, South Korea in June 2006.[15]
Sprint Nextel marketed Mobile WiMAX, in September 2008, branded as a "4G" network even though it did not fulfil the IMT Advanced requirements.[16]
In Russia, Belarus and Nicaragua WiMax broadband internet access is offered by a Russian company Scartel, and is also branded 4G, Yota.
Data speeds of WiMAX
WiMAX
Peak download 128 Mbit/s
Peak upload 56 Mbit/s
Ultra Mobile Broadband[edit]
Main article: Ultra Mobile Broadband
Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) was the brand name for a discontinued 4G project within the 3GPP2 standardization group to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements. In November 2008, Qualcomm, UMB's lead sponsor, announced it was ending development of the technology, favouring LTE instead.[17] The objective was to achieve data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream.
Flash-OFDM[edit]
At an early stage the Flash-OFDM system was expected to be further developed into a 4G standard.
iBurst and MBWA[edit]
The iBurst technology, using High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access (HC-SDMA), was at an early stage considered as a 4G predecessor. It was incorporated by the Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) working group into the IEEE 802.20 standard in 2008.[18]
Candidate systems[edit]
In October 2010, ITU-R Working Party 5D approved two industry-developed technologies.[19] On December 6, 2010, ITU noted that while current versions of LTE, WiMax and other evolved 3G technologies do not fulfill IMT-Advanced requirements for 4G, some may use the term "4G" in an "undefined" fashion to represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced that show "a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed."[20]
LTE Advanced[edit]
LTE Advanced (Long-term-evolution Advanced) was formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and expected to be released in 2012. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced was to reach and surpass the ITU requirements.[21] LTE Advanced is an improvement on the existing LTE network. Release 10 of LTE is expected to achieve the LTE Advanced speeds. Release 8 in 2009 supported up to 300 Mbit/s download speeds which was still short of the IMT-Advanced standards.[22]
WiMAX Release 2 (IEEE 802.16m)[edit]
The WirelessMAN-Advanced evolution of IEEE 802.16e was published in May 2011 as standard IEEE 802.16m-2011. The relevant industry promoting the technology gave it the marketing name of WiMAX Release 2. It had an objective to fulfill the IMT-Advanced criteria.[23][24] The IMT-Advanced group formally approved this technology as meeting its criteria in October 2010.[25] In the second half of 2012, the 802.16m-2011 standard was rolled up into the 802.16-2012 standard, excluding the WirelessMAN-Advanced radio interface part of the 802.16m-2011 standard, which got moved to IEEE Std 802.16.1-2012.
Comparison[edit]
The following table shows a comparison of IMT-Advanced candidate systems as well as other competing technologies.
Comparison of mobile Internet access methods
Common
Name
Family
Primary Use
Radio Tech
Downstream
(Mbit/s)
Upstream
(Mbit/s)
Notes
HSPA+
3GPP 3G Data CDMA/FDD
MIMO 21
42
84
672 5.8
11.5
22
168 HSPA+ is widely deployed. Revision 11 of the 3GPP states that HSPA+ is expected to have a throughput capacity of 672 Mbit/s.
LTE
3GPP General 4G OFDMA/MIMO/SC-FDMA 100 Cat3
150 Cat4
300 Cat5
(in 20 MHz FDD) [26]
50 Cat3/4
75 Cat5
(in 20 MHz FDD)[26] LTE-Advanced update expected to offer peak rates up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds and 100 Mb/s to mobile users.
WiMax rel 1
802.16 WirelessMAN MIMO-SOFDMA 37 (10 MHz TDD) 17 (10 MHz TDD) With 2x2 MIMO.[27]
WiMax rel 1.5
802.16-2009 WirelessMAN MIMO-SOFDMA 83 (20 MHz TDD)
141 (2x20 MHz FDD) 46 (20 MHz TDD)
138 (2x20 MHz FDD) With 2x2 MIMO.Enhanced with 20 MHz channels in 802.16-2009[27]
WiMAX rel 2
802.16m WirelessMAN MIMO-SOFDMA 2x2 MIMO
110 (20 MHz TDD)
183 (2x20 MHz FDD)
4x4 MIMO
219 (20 MHz TDD)
365 (2x20 MHz FDD) 2x2 MIMO
70 (20 MHz TDD)
188 (2x20 MHz FDD)
4x4 MIMO
140 (20 MHz TDD)
376 (2x20 MHz FDD) Also, low mobility users can aggregate multiple channels to get a download throughput of up to 1 Gbit/s[27]
Flash-OFDM
Flash-OFDM Mobile Internet
mobility up to 200 mph (350 km/h) Flash-OFDM 5.3
10.6
15.9 1.8
3.6
5.4 Mobile range 30 km (18 miles)
extended range 55 km (34 miles)
HIPERMAN
HIPERMAN Mobile Internet OFDM 56.9
Wi-Fi
802.11
(11n) Mobile Internet OFDM/MIMO 288.8 (using 4x4 configuration in 20 MHz bandwidth) or 600 (using 4x4 configuration in 40 MHz bandwidth)
Antenna, RF front end enhancements and minor protocol timer tweaks have helped deploy long range P2P networks compromising on radial coverage, throughput and/or spectra efficiency (310 km & 382 km)
iBurst
802.20 Mobile Internet HC-SDMA/TDD/MIMO 95 36 Cell Radius: 3–12 km
Speed: 250 km/h
Spectral Efficiency: 13 bits/s/Hz/cell
Spectrum Reuse Factor: "1"
EDGE Evolution
GSM Mobile Internet TDMA/FDD 1.6 0.5 3GPP Release 7
UMTS W-CDMA
HSPA (HSDPA+HSUPA)
UMTS/3GSM General 3G CDMA/FDD

CDMA/FDD/MIMO 0.384
14.4 0.384
5.76 HSDPA is widely deployed. Typical downlink rates today 2 Mbit/s, ~200 kbit/s uplink; HSPA+ downlink up to 56 Mbit/s.
UMTS-TDD
UMTS/3GSM Mobile Internet CDMA/TDD 16 Reported speeds according to IPWireless using 16QAM modulation similar to HSDPA+HSUPA
EV-DO Rel. 0
EV-DO Rev.A
EV-DO Rev.B
CDMA2000 Mobile Internet CDMA/FDD 2.45
3.1
4.9xN 0.15
1.8
1.8xN Rev B note: N is the number of 1.25 MHz carriers used. EV-DO is not designed for voice, and requires a fallback to 1xRTT when a voice call is placed or received.
Notes: All speeds are theoretical maximums and will vary by a number of factors, including the use of external antennas, distance from the tower and the ground speed (e.g. communications on a train may be poorer than when standing still). Usually the bandwidth is shared between several terminals. The performance of each technology is determined by a number of constraints, including the spectral efficiency of the technology, the cell sizes used, and the amount of spectrum available. For more information, see Comparison of wireless data standards.
For more comparison tables, see bit rate progress trends, comparison of mobile phone standards, spectral efficiency comparison table and OFDM system comparison table.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.turkcell.com.tr/tr/4-5g
Jump up ^ https://bireysel.turktelekom.com.tr/4-5G/index.html
Jump up ^ http://www.vodafone.com.tr/Internet/vodafone-4-5g.php#45gnedir
^ Jump up to: a b Werner Mohr (2002). "Mobile Communications Beyond 3G in the Global Context" (PDF). Siemens mobile. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
Jump up ^ Noah Schmitz (March 2005). "The Path To 4G Will Take Many Turns". Wireless Systems Design. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
Jump up ^ Kim Young Kyun; Prasad, Ramjee (2006). 4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies. Artech House 2006. pp. 12–13. ISBN 1-58053-931-9.
^ Jump up to: a b "Report M.2134: Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s)". ITU-R. November 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Moray Rumney, "IMT-Advanced: 4G Wireless Takes Shape in an Olympic Year", Agilent Measurement Journal, September 2008 Archived 2016-01-17 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Hussain, Sadia; Sadia Hussain, Zara Hamid; Naveed S. Khattak (May 30–31, 2006). "Proceedings of the first international conference on Integrated internet ad hoc and sensor networks - InterSense '06". Proceedings of the first international conference on Integrated internet ad hoc and sensor networks. Association for Computing Machinery: 14. doi:10.1145/1142680.1142698. ISBN 1-59593-427-8. |chapter= ignored (help)
Jump up ^ 3GPP specification: Requirements for further advancements for E-UTRA (LTE Advanced)
Jump up ^ 3GPP Technical Report: Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE Advanced)
Jump up ^ G. Fettweis; E. Zimmermann; H. Bonneville; W. Schott; K. Gosse; M. de Courville (2004). "High Throughput WLAN/WPAN" (PDF). WWRF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Light Reading Mobile - 4G/LTE — Ericsson, Samsung Make LTE Connection — Telecom News Analysis". Unstrung.com. Retrieved 2010-03-24. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Cesa, Dante (July 5, 2011). "SK Telecom and LG U+ launch LTE in Seoul, fellow South Koreans seethe with envy". Engadget. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "South Korea launches WiBro service". EE Times. 2006-06-30. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
Jump up ^ "Sprint announces seven new WiMAX markets, says 'Let AT&T and Verizon yak about maps and 3G coverage'". Engadget. 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ Qualcomm halts UMB project, Reuters, November 13th, 2008
Jump up ^ IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks — Part 20: Air Interface for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Supporting Vehicular Mobility — Physical and Media Access Control Layer Specification (PDF). Official standard document. IEEE Standards Association. August 29, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7381-5766-5.
Jump up ^ "ITU paves way for next-generation 4G mobile technologies". News release. October 21, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "ITU World Radiocommunication Seminar highlights future communication technologies".
Jump up ^ Parkvall, Stefan; Dahlman, Erik; Furuskär, Anders; Jading, Ylva; Olsson, Magnus; Wänstedt, Stefan; Zangi, Kambiz (21–24 September 2008). LTE Advanced – Evolving LTE towards IMT-Advanced (PDF). Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2008. Stockholm: Ericsson Research. Retrieved 26 November 2010. External link in |publisher= (help)
Jump up ^ Stefan Parkvall; David Astely (April 2009). "The Evolution of LTE towards IMT-Advanced". Journal of Communications. 4 (3): 146–154. doi:10.4304/jcm.4.3.146-154. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Draft IEEE 802.16m System Description Document" (PDF). IEEE WirelessMAN-Advanced workgin group. April 30, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "IEEE Approves IEEE 802.16m - Advanced Mobile Broadband Wireless Standard". News release. IEEE Standards Association. March 31, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived January 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "LTE". 3GPP web site. 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WiMAX and the IEEE 802.16m Air Interface Standard" (PDF). WiMax Forum. 4 April 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
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text:
Meet the Fockers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Meet the Fockers
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jay Roach
Produced by
Jane Rosenthal
Robert De Niro
Jay Roach
Screenplay by
Jim Herzfeld
John Hamburg
Story by
Jim Herzfeld
Marc Hyman
Based on
Characters
by Greg Glienna
Mary Ruth Clarke
Starring
Robert De Niro
Ben Stiller
Dustin Hoffman
Barbra Streisand
Blythe Danner
Teri Polo
Music by
Randy Newman
Cinematography
John Schwartzman
Edited by
Jon Poll
Lee Haxall
Alan Baumgarten
Production
company
Tribeca Productions
Everyman Pictures
Distributed by
Universal Pictures (North America)
DreamWorks Pictures (International)
Release date
December 22, 2004 (2004-12-22)
Running time
115 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$80 million
Box office
$516 million[1]
Meet the Fockers, sometimes referred to as Meet The Parents 2, is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Jay Roach and the sequel to Meet the Parents. The film stars Robert De Niro (who was also one of the film's producers), Ben Stiller, Dustin Hoffman, Barbra Streisand, Blythe Danner and Teri Polo. It was followed by a sequel, Little Fockers, in 2010.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Critical response
4 Box office
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Set two years after the events of the first film, Gaylord "Greg" Focker (Stiller) and his fiancée Pam Byrnes (Polo) decide to introduce their parents to each other. They first fly to Oyster Bay, New York, on Long Island, to pick up Pam's father, retired CIA operative Jack Byrnes (De Niro), her mother Dina (Danner) and one-year-old nephew Little Jack (the son of Bob and Debbie Banks). But rather than going to the airport as planned, Jack decides to drive the family to Miami to meet the Fockers in his new RV.
Once they arrive, they are greeted by Greg's eccentric but fun-loving and amiable father, Bernie (Hoffman), and mother, Roz (Streisand), who is a sex therapist for elderly couples. Worried that Jack may be put off by the Focker's lifestyle, Greg convinces Roz to pretend that she is a yoga instructor for the weekend. However, small cracks begin to form between Jack and the Fockers, due to their contrasting personalities. The meet gets off to a bad start when a chase between the Focker's active dog, Moses, and the Byrnes's cat, Jinx, culminates with Jinx flushing Moses down the RV's toilet, forcing Bernie to destroy it to save Moses. Later, Bernie accidentally injures Jack's back during a game of football.
Meanwhile, Pam informs Greg that she's pregnant, and the two decide to keep it secret from Jack. Jack again becomes suspicious of Greg's integrity and quality, when they are introduced to the Fockers' housekeeper, Isabel Villalobos (Alanna Ubach), with whom Bernie reveals Greg had a sexual affair fifteen years before. Jack later takes the RV to Isabel's fifteen-year-old son, Jorge (Ray Santiago), to fix the toilet, but is disturbed by Jorge's striking resemblance to Greg, and the fact that Jorge never met his father, and jumps to the conclusion that he may be Greg's son with Isabel. Meanwhile, Roz, Bernie and Dina realize Pam is pregnant, but promise not to tell Jack. Growing envious of Bernie and Roz's active sex life, Dina consults Roz on sex tips in order to seduce Jack, but none of them work.
Greg and Jack's relationship goes off with a bang when Greg is left alone to babysit Little Jack, whom Jack has been raising via the Ferber method. Despite Jack's instructions to leave Little Jack to self-soothe, Greg cannot stand to listen to Little Jack's cries and tends to the boy to cheer him up by hugging him, letting him watch TV, acting funny and inadvertently teaching Little Jack the word "asshole." Disaster strikes when Greg answers a brief phone call from Roz, which is long enough for Little Jack to wander out of his playpen (after Jinx opens it), put on Scarface and glue his hands to a bottle of rum. After a furious argument with the Fockers and his own family (though amends are quickly made), Jack resumes his spying on Greg and sends Greg and Jorge's hair samples for a DNA test, while inviting Jorge to the Fockers' planned engagement party in the hope of getting Greg to admit he is Jorge's father. At the engagement party, Jack, who automatically assumes that Greg knew about Jorge and has deliberately been keeping him a secret from Pam, introduces Greg to Jorge. Later, when Greg denies knowing anything about Jorge, Jack does not believe him and drugs him with truth serum to make him talk. On stage, Greg uncontrollably blurts out that Pam is pregnant and that Jorge is, without a doubt, his son (in a comically Darth Vader-esque manner) before losing consciousness.
The next morning, Pam questions Greg about Jorge, and Greg does not confirm or deny that he is Jorge's father, but insists that he knew nothing about him before the previous evening. Pam believes him, and is willing to work things out with him. Jack reaches his breaking point with Greg's dishonesty and demands that Pam and Dina leave the island with him. Dina refuses and reveals Jack's actions to everyone. Everyone turns against Jack, with Pam announcing her intent to marry Greg regardless of him having Jorge with Isabel, and Dina admits that they all knew of Pam's pregnancy. A shocked and hurt Jack leaves with his grandson.
Bernie and Greg pursue Jack, but are soon tasered and arrested by an incompetent deputy sheriff, Vern LeFlore (Tim Blake Nelson), for speeding. Jack returns to defend them after being informed Greg is not Jorge's father (his real father turns out to be a baseball player who also resembles Greg), but the overzealous LeFlore tasers and arrests him as well. In their cell, Greg, Jack and Bernie are released by the local judge, Ira (Shelley Berman), who is a client of Roz and close friend of the Fockers. Before they leave, Greg asks both Jack and Bernie to stop their feud. Jack admits that he made a mistake regarding Jorge and reveals his past career in the CIA to Bernie, before apologizing for his actions and making up with the two of them.
Greg and Pam are married that weekend by Pam's ex-fiancé, Kevin (Owen Wilson), who is now an ordained interfaith minister. During the party, Jack asks Roz for some sex tips and sneaks into the RV with Dina.
During the post-credit scene, Jack watches hidden baby-cam footage of the Fockers giving attention to Little Jack over Jack's previous objections: Roz gives Little Jack chocolate, Bernie advises him to use his crying to disagree with everything Jack says, and Greg pretends to drunkenly tell Little Jack to keep it a secret that he left to smoke pot, not answer the phone, when he left Little Jack unattended and that Pam is not really pregnant and only said it so that Jack would let them get married. Greg then pretends to only just discover the camera but then after making mocking gestures at it, Greg reveals that he knew about it all along and none of the things he said before were true.
Cast[edit]
Robert De Niro as Jack Byrnes
Ben Stiller as Gaylord "Greg" Focker
Dustin Hoffman as Bernard "Bernie" Focker
Barbra Streisand as Rosalin "Roz" Focker
Teri Polo as Pam Byrnes-Focker
Blythe Danner as Dina Byrnes
Spencer and Bradley Pickren as "Little" Jack Banks
Alanna Ubach as Isabel Villalobos
Ray Santiago as Jorge Villalobos
Tim Blake Nelson as Officer Vern LeFlore
Shelley Berman as Judge Ira
Owen Wilson as Kevin Rawley
Critical response[edit]
The film received mixed or average reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 39% of 157 sampled critics gave the film positive reviews and that it got a rating average of 5.2 out of 10.[2] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 with reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 41 based on 34 reviews.[3]
Box office[edit]
The film was a commercial success and is currently the highest-grossing film starring Robert De Niro.[4] The film grossed $46,120,980 on its opening weekend in North America (5,000 screens at 3,518 theaters, averaging $13,110 per theater, or $9,224 per screen).[5] At the end of the film's 149 days of release, it grossed a total of $279,261,160 in North America, and $237,381,779 in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $516,642,939, with an estimated 44 million tickets sold in the US. The film's budget was $80 million.[6]
Awards and nominations[edit]
2005: Casting Society Of America, USA: Nominated for Best Feature Film Casting: Comedy.
2005: Teen Choice Awards: Nominated for Choice Movie: Blush, Choice Movie Actor: Comedy, Choice Movie Actor: Comedy, Choice Movie: Liar.
2005: MTV Movie Awards Won: Best Comedic Performance.
2005: ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards: Won Top Box Office Films.
2005: MTV Movie Awards in Mexico: Nominated for Best International Movie.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Meet the Fockers (2004)". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Meet The Fockers (2004)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Fockers reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Robert De Niro Movies Box Office Results". www.boxofficemojo.com. IMDb. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Fockers (2004) - Weekend Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo.
Jump up ^ "Meet the Fockers (2004)". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Meet the Fockers
Official website
Meet the Fockers on IMDb
Meet the Fockers at AllMovie
Meet the Fockers at Box Office Mojo
Meet the Fockers at Rotten Tomatoes
Meet the Fockers at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
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Meet the Parents
Films
Meet the Parents (1992)
Meet the Parents (2000)
Meet the Fockers (2004)
Little Fockers (2010)
Related
Meet My Folks
In-Laws
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Jay Roach
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997)
Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999)
Mystery, Alaska (1999)
Meet the Parents (2000)
Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002)
Meet the Fockers (2004)
Recount (2008)
Dinner for Schmucks (2010)
Game Change (2012)
The Campaign (2012)
Trumbo (2015)
All the Way (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
John Hamburg
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Safe Men (1998)
Along Came Polly (2004)
I Love You, Man (2009)
Why Him? (2016)
Screenwriter
Meet the Parents (2000)
Zoolander (2001)
Meet the Fockers (2004)
Little Fockers (2010)
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AP Poll
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Inaugural AP polls
Div I/FBS football
1936
Div I/FCS football
1978
Div I men's basketball
1948–49
Div I women's basketball
1976–77
Current AP polls
FBS football
2017 season
FCS football
2017 season
Div I men's basketball
2017–18 season
Div I women's basketball
2017–18 season
The Associated Press (AP Poll) provides weekly rankings of the top 25 NCAA teams in one of three Division I college sports: football, men's basketball and women's basketball. The rankings are compiled by polling 65 sportswriters and broadcasters from across the nation.[1] Each voter provides his own ranking of the top 25 teams, and the individual rankings are then combined to produce the national ranking by giving a team 25 points for a first place vote, 24 for a second place vote, and so on down to 1 point for a twenty-fifth place vote. Ballots of the voting members in the AP Poll are made public.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 College football
1.1 History
1.2 No. 1 vs. No. 2
1.3 AP Poll inclusion in the BCS
1.4 Final AP football polls
1.5 Other media football polls
2 College basketball
2.1 Men's basketball
2.2 Women's basketball
3 NFL football
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
College football[edit]
The football poll is released Sundays at 2pm Eastern time during the football season, unless ranked teams have not finished their games.
History[edit]
The AP college football poll has a long history. The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934.[3] In 1935, AP sports editor Alan J. Gould declared a three way tie for national champion in football between Minnesota, Princeton, and Southern Methodist. Minnesota fans protested, and a number of Gould's colleagues led by Charles "Cy" Sherman suggested he create a poll of sports editors instead of only using his own list, and the next year the poll was born.[4] It has run continuously from 1936.[5]
Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA had not held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments). As a result, the public and the media began to acknowledge the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season.
While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. From 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to the current 25 teams in 1989.
The AP began conducting a preseason poll starting in 1950.[6][7]
At the end of the 1947 season the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular season final poll.[8] Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the lone exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid handsomely, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll (Michigan State was named national champion in the final UPI Coaches Poll, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll).
Beginning in the 1968 season, the post bowl game poll became permanent and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the coaches' poll until the 1974 season.
No. 1 vs. No. 2[edit]
As of the completion of the 2015 season the number one ranked team has faced the number two ranked team 50 times since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936.[9] The number one team has a record of 28–20–2 against the number two team.[9]
No. 1 vs. No. 2 games
Light blue indicates bowl game
Season
No. 1
Result
No. 2
Site
Event
1943 Notre Dame 35–12 Michigan Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI 1943 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game
1943 Notre Dame 14–13 Iowa Pre-Flight Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1944 Army 23–7 Navy Baltimore Stadium • Baltimore, MD 1944 Army–Navy Game
1945 Army 48–0 Notre Dame Yankee Stadium • New York, NY 1945 Army–Notre Dame football rivalry game
1945 Army 32-13 Navy Philadelphia Municipal Stadium • Philadelphia, PA 1945 Army–Navy Game
1946 Army 0–0 Notre Dame Yankee Stadium • New York, NY 1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game
1962 USC 42–37 Wisconsin Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA 1963 Rose Bowl
1963 Oklahoma 7–28 Texas Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX 1963 Red River Shootout game
1963 Texas 28–6 Navy Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX 1964 Cotton Bowl Classic
1966 Notre Dame 10–10 Michigan State Spartan Stadium • East Lansing, MI 1966 Notre Dame vs. Michigan State football game
1968 Purdue 37–22 Notre Dame Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN 1968 Shillelagh Trophy game
1968 Ohio State 27–16 USC Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA 1969 Rose Bowl
1969 Texas 15–14 Arkansas Razorback Stadium • Fayetteville, AR 1969 Texas vs. Arkansas football game
1971 Nebraska 35–31 Oklahoma Oklahoma Memorial Stadium • Norman, OK 1971 Nebraska vs. Oklahoma football game
1971 Nebraska 38–6 Alabama Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL 1972 Orange Bowl
1978 Penn State 7–14 Alabama Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA 1979 Sugar Bowl
1981 USC 28–24 Oklahoma Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles
1982 Georgia 23–27 Penn State Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA 1983 Sugar Bowl
1985 Iowa 12–10 Michigan Kinnick Stadium • Iowa City, IA
1986 Oklahoma 16–28 Miami Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1986 Miami 10–14 Penn State Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ 1987 Fiesta Bowl
1987 Nebraska 7–17 Oklahoma Memorial Stadium • Lincoln, NE 1987 Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry game
1987 Oklahoma 14–20 Miami Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL 1988 Orange Bowl
1988 Notre Dame 27–10 USC Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles 1988 Jeweled Shillelagh game
1989 Notre Dame 24–19 Michigan Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI 1989 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game
1991 Florida State 16–17 Miami Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL 1991 Miami vs. Florida State football game
1992 Miami 13–34 Alabama Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA 1993 Sugar Bowl
1993 Florida State 24–31 Notre Dame Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN 1993 Florida State vs. Notre Dame football game
1993 Florida State 18–16 Nebraska Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL 1994 Orange Bowl
1995 Nebraska 62–24 Florida Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ 1996 Fiesta Bowl
1996 Florida 21–24 Florida State Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL 1996 Florida–Florida State football rivalry game
1998 Tennessee 23–16 Florida State Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ 1999 Fiesta Bowl
1999 Florida State 46–29 Virginia Tech Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA 2000 Sugar Bowl
2002 Miami 24–31 2OT Ohio State Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ 2003 Fiesta Bowl
2004 USC 55–19 Oklahoma Pro Player Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL 2005 Orange Bowl
2005 USC 38–41 Texas Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA 2006 Rose Bowl
2006 Ohio State 24–7 Texas Darrell K Royal – Texas Memorial Stadium • Austin, TX
2006 Ohio State 42–39 Michigan Ohio Stadium • Columbus, OH 2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State football game
2006 Ohio State 14–41 Florida University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ 2007 BCS National Championship Game
2007 Ohio State 24–38 LSU Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA 2008 BCS National Championship Game
2008 Alabama 20–31 Florida Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA 2008 SEC Championship Game
2008 Florida 24–14 Oklahoma Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL 2009 BCS National Championship Game
2009 Florida 13–32 Alabama Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA 2009 SEC Championship Game
2009 Alabama 37–21 Texas Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA 2010 BCS National Championship Game
2010 Auburn 22–19 Oregon University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ 2011 BCS National Championship Game
2011 LSU 9–6 OT Alabama Bryant–Denny Stadium • Tuscaloosa, AL 2011 LSU vs. Alabama football game
2011 LSU 0–21 Alabama Mercedes-Benz Superdome • New Orleans, LA 2012 BCS National Championship Game
2012 Notre Dame 14–42 Alabama Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL 2013 BCS National Championship Game
2013 Florida State 34–31 Auburn Rose Bowl · Pasadena, CA 2014 BCS National Championship Game
2015 Clemson 40–45 Alabama University of Phoenix Stadium · Glendale, AZ 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship
AP Poll inclusion in the BCS[edit]
In 1997, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was developed to try to unify the poll results by picking two teams for a "real" national championship game. For the first several years the AP Poll factored in the determination of the BCS rankings, along with other factors including the Coaches Poll and computer-based polls. Because of a series of controversies surrounding the BCS, the AP demanded in December, 2004, that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings,[10] and so the 2004–2005 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used for this purpose.
In the 2003 season the BCS system broke down when the final BCS standings ranked the University of Southern California (USC) at No. 3 while the two human polls in the system had ranked USC at No. 1. As a result, USC did not play in the BCS' designated national championship game. After defeating another highly ranked team, Michigan, in its final game, the AP Poll kept USC at No. 1 while the Coaches Poll was contractually obligated to select the winner of the BCS game, Louisiana State University (LSU), as the No. 1 team. The resulting split national title was the very problem that the BCS was created to solve, and has been widely considered an embarrassment.[11]
In 2004, a new controversy erupted at the end of the season when Auburn and Utah, who both finished the regular season 12–0, were left out of the BCS title game in favor of Oklahoma who also was 12–0 and had won decisively over Colorado in the Big 12 Championship game. USC went on to a win easily over Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl while Auburn and Utah both won their bowl games, leaving three undefeated teams at the end of the season. Also, in that same year, Texas made up late ground on California (Cal) in the BCS standings and as a result grabbed a high-payout, at-large spot in the Rose Bowl. Previous to that poll, Cal had been ranked ahead of Texas in both human polls and the BCS poll. Going into their final game, the Golden Bears were made aware that while margin of victory did not affect computer rankings, it did affect human polls and just eight voters changing their vote could affect the final standings.[12] Both teams won their game that week, but the Texas coach, Mack Brown, had made a public effort to lobby for his team to be moved higher in the ranking. When the human polls were released, Texas remained behind Cal, but it had closed the gap enough so that the BCS poll (which determines placement) placed Texas above Cal, angering both Cal and its conference, the Pac-10.[13] The final poll positions had been unchanged with Cal at No. 4 AP, No. 4 coaches, and No. 6 computers polls and Texas at No. 6 AP, No. 5 coaches, and No. 4 computer polls.[13] The AP Poll voters were caught in the middle because their vote changes were automatically made public, while the votes of the Coaches poll were kept confidential. Although there had been a more substantial shift in the votes of the Coaches Poll, the only clear targets for the ire of fanatical fans were the voters in the AP Poll. While officials from both Cal and the Pac-10 called for the coaches' votes to be made public, the overtures were turned down and did little to solve the problem of AP voters. Cal went on to lose to Texas Tech in the Holiday Bowl. Texas defeated Michigan in the Rose Bowl.
Many members of the press who voted in the AP Poll were upset by the controversy and, at the behest of its members, the AP asked that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings. The 2004 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used in the BCS rankings, it was replaced in the BCS equation by the newly created Harris Interactive College Football Poll.[14]
Final AP football polls[edit]
Main article: AP National Championship Trophy
Other media football polls[edit]
The AP Poll is not the only college football poll. The other major poll is the Coaches Poll, which has been sponsored by several organizations: the United Press (1950–1957), the United Press International (1958–1990), USA Today (1991–present), CNN (1991–1996), and ESPN (1997–2005). Having two major polls has led to numerous "split" national titles, where the two polls disagreed on the No. 1 team. This has occurred on eleven different occasions (1954, 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, 2003).
College basketball[edit]
In Division I men's and women's college basketball, the AP Poll is largely just a tool to compare schools throughout the season and spark debate, as it has no bearing on postseason play. Generally, all top 25 teams in the poll are invited to the men's and women's NCAA basketball tournament, also known as March Madness. The poll is usually released every Monday and voters' ballots are made public.[15]
Men's basketball[edit]
For rankings from the most recent season, see 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings § AP Poll.
The AP began compiling a ranking of the top 20 college men's basketball teams during the 1948–1949 season. It has issued this poll continuously since the 1950–1951 season. As of January 2018, UCLA and Duke are tied for the most appearances atop the rankings at 134 times.[16]
Women's basketball[edit]
For rankings from the most recent season, see 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball rankings § AP Poll.
The women's basketball poll began during the 1976–1977 season, and was initially compiled by Mel Greenberg and published by The Philadelphia Inquirer. At first, it was a poll of coaches conducted via telephone, where coaches identified top teams and a list of the Top 20 team was produced. The initial list of coaches did not include Pat Summitt, who asked to join the group, not to improve her rankings, but because of the lack of media coverage, Summitt believed it would be a good way to stay on top of who the top teams were outside of her own schedule.[17] The contributors continued to be coaches until 1994, when the AP took over administration of the poll from Greenberg, and switched to a panel of writers.[18] In 1994, Tennessee started out as No. 1 in the polls with Connecticut at No. 4. After losses by the No. 2 and No. 3 teams, Tennessee and Connecticut were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, headed into a showdown, scheduled as a special event on Martin Luther King day, the only women's basketball game scheduled on that day. Because of the unusual circumstances, the decision was made to hold off the AP voting for one day, to ensure it would be after the game. Connecticut won the game, and moved into first place in the AP poll, published on Tuesday for the only time. (Connecticut went on to complete an undefeated season.)[19] Over the history of the poll, over 255 coaches have had a team represented in polls.[20]
NFL football[edit]
Beginning in 2012, the AP began issuing a weekly pro football ranking, the AP Pro32 rankings.[21]
See also[edit]
College football portal
2016 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings
Bowl Championship Series
Coaches' Poll
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
Dickinson System
Game of the Century (college football)
Grantland Rice Award
Harris Interactive College Football Poll
List of college football teams by weekly appearances atop AP Poll
List of NCAA college football rankings
Mythical national championship
NAIA Coach's Poll
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Associated Press voters 2013 retrieved 2 January 2014 Archived 15 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "AP College Poll Voters [Football]". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "November 15, 1934 AP Football Poll". College Poll Archive – Historical College Football and Basketball Polls and Rankings. 1934-11-15. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
Jump up ^ Halberstam, David. Breaking news: how the Associated Press has covered war, peace, and everything else. Princeton Architectural Press, 2007. p150-151
Jump up ^ "1936 Final Football Polls". College Poll Archive – Historical College Football and Basketball Polls and Rankings. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
Jump up ^ Ellis, Zac (2013-08-17). "AP Poll: Alabama, Ohio State headline first preseason rankings". Campus Union - SI.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ The official final AP poll, taken before the bowls, had Notre Dame No. 1 (107 first place votes) and Michigan No. 2 (25 first place votes). Michigan won the Rose Bowl 49–0 over USC while Notre Dame did not play in a bowl game. Detroit Free Press sports editor Lyall Smith arranged a post-bowl AP poll with only Michigan or Notre Dame as choices. Michigan won that poll 266–119. Kyrk, John. Natural Enemies. pp. 142–7. ISBN 1-58979-090-1.
^ Jump up to: a b AP No. 1 vs. No. 2 games. Associated Press, August 13, 2008
Jump up ^ AP Removes Its Poll From BCS, ncaasports.com, Dec. 22, 2004, Accessed June 6, 2006.
Jump up ^ Tim Layden, Embarrassing moments in College Football (#10), SportsIllustrated.com, Aug. 2, 2006 , Accessed Aug. 2, 2006.
Jump up ^ Kelly Whiteside = California bears burden of making point that it's BCS-worthy. USA TODAY, November 29, 2004
^ Jump up to: a b * "2004 BCS Standings, BCS Rankings" (PDF). The National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame, Inc. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
Jump up ^ BCS Replaces AP Poll, ncaasports.com, July 12, 2005, Accessed June 6, 2006.
Jump up ^ "AP College Poll Voters [Men's Basketball]". College Poll Tracker.
Jump up ^ http://collegepollarchive.com/mbasketball/ap/app_total.cfm?sort=num1app&from=1949&to=#.WmS4BainHIU
Jump up ^ Greenberg, Mel. ""The stare" may have been Summitt's trademark, but it did not define her true personality". FullCourt.com. Retrieved 8 Nov 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mel Greenberg Class of 2004/2005 – Sports Writer". Philadelphia Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved 1 Oct 2017.
Jump up ^ Mel Greenberg, Mel. "Guru's College Special: How A Previous NHL Lockout Enhanced WBB To UConn's Benefit". Womhoops Guru. Retrieved 8 Nov 2012.
Jump up ^ Greenberg, Mel. "Guru's College Report: Associated Press Preseason Poll Trivia". Womhoops Guru. Retrieved 8 Nov 2012.
Jump up ^ Wilner, Barry (31 July 2012). "Packers top first-ever AP Pro32 rankings". The Washington Times. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
External links[edit]
The Associated Press Top 25 College Football Poll at The Associated Press
The Associated Press Top 25 Men's College Basketball Poll at The Associated Press
Index AP Ballot Information by Voter and Team for Football/Men's Basketball
AP Football Poll voters
AP Men's Basketball Poll voters
Archive of all AP weekly polls for football and men's/women's basketball
List of all Final AP football Poll results and champions

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