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Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 9)
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9th season of 2010 American TV series
Not to be confused with Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series, season 9).
Hawaii Five-0 (season 9)
Promotional poster
Starring
Alex O'Loughlin
Scott Caan
Ian Anthony Dale
Meaghan Rath
Jorge Garcia
Beulah Koale
Taylor Wily
Dennis Chun
Kimee Balmilero
Chi McBride
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
5
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
September 28, 2018 (2018-09-28) – present (present)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 8
List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) episodes
The ninth season of the CBS police procedural drama series Hawaii Five-0 premiered on September 28, 2018 for the 2018–19 television season.[1] CBS renewed the series for a ninth season in April 2018.[2] The season is expected to contain 22 episodes.[3]
Contents
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main cast
1.1.1 200th episode
1.2 Guest stars
2 Episodes
2.1 Crossovers
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Casting
4 Release and marketing
5 Reception
5.1 Ratings
6 References
7 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) characters
Main cast[edit]
Alex O'Loughlin as Lieutenant Commander Steven "Steve" McGarrett, United States Navy Reserve
Scott Caan as Detective Sergeant Daniel "Danny" "Danno" Williams
Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri
Meaghan Rath as Officer Tani Rey
Jorge Garcia as Special Consultant Jerry Ortega
Beulah Koale as Officer Junior Reigns
Taylor Wily as Kamekona Tupuola
Dennis Chun as Sergeant Duke Lukela, Honolulu Police Department
Kimee Balmilero as Dr. Noelani Cunha, Medical Examiner
Chi McBride as Captain Lou Grover
200th episode[edit]
In the two-hundredth episode which took place in the year 1941, the main cast portrayed characters separate from their normal roles. The actor/character portrayals in the episode are as follows:[4]
Alex O'Loughlin as Steve McGarrett, grandfather of the present day character.
Scott Caan as Milton Cooper
Ian Anthony Dale as Earl Blackstone
Meaghan Rath as Alexa Alana
Jorge Garcia as Officer Mike Flanagan
Beulah Koale as Evan Kekoa
Taylor Wily as “Biggie” Tupa
Dennis Chun as Sergeant Naskiuchi
Kimee Balmilero as Doctor
Chi McBride as Captain Charles Sumner
Guest stars[edit]
Shawn Anthony Thomsen as Officer Pua Kai
Mark Dacascos as Wo Fat
Rochelle Aytes as Greer
Jack Coleman as Miller
Duane "Dog" Chapman as himself
Louis Gossett Jr. as Lou Grover's father
Gladys Knight as Lou Grover's mother
Andrew Lawrence as Eric Russo, Danny's nephew
Laura Mellow as Nalani Lukela, Duke's wife
Cidni Romias as Akela Nakahara, Duke's granddaughter
Eric Steinberg as Captain Keo, Tani's former Police Academy instructor
Joshua Gonzalez as Young Jerry Ortega
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
194
1 "Ka ʻōwili ʻōka’i"
"Cocoon" Bryan Spicer Leonard Freeman & Peter M. Lenkov September 28, 2018 (2018-09-28) 903 7.49[5]
Five-0 investigates the murder of one of McGarrett’s CIA agent friends and suspects that there might be a mole within the CIA. To McGarrett’s suggestion, he lets himself to be captured in order to find the mole. Meanwhile, Tani struggles to find the nerve to tell McGarrett about possibly finding the murder weapon to Adam’s sister.
195
2 "Ke Kanaka I Ha'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai"
"The Man Who Fell From the Sky" Eagle Egilsson David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler October 5, 2018 (2018-10-05) 902 7.39[6]
Five-0 investigates the disappearance of a vacationer and a U.S. Marshal who fled a plane mid flight. They soon discover that the vacationer is actually a Chinese sleeper agent and killed the U.S. Marshal in the process. Meanwhile, Tani reaches out to her training instructor at the Police Academy to run ballistics on Adam’s gun off the book. Also, McGarrett and Danny lose part of Kamekona’s investment money thanks to McGarrett’s dog Eddie after he digs it up.
196
3 "Mimiki Ke Kai, Ahuwale Ka Papa Leho"
"When the Sea Draws Out the Tidal Wave, the Rocks Where the Cowries Hide Are Exposed" Antonio Negret Rob Hanning October 12, 2018 (2018-10-12) 901 7.68[7]
During a heat wave, an arrested woman undergoing transport shoots two HPD officers and a motorcyclist in cold blood. McGarrett and Danny later find out that the woman was using a fake identity and a manhunt goes underway to find her. With an increase in 911 calls, Tani and Junior are forced to assist the HPD. In the process of responding to a home invasion Tani's car is stolen and an investigation begins to find it. Meanwhile, a black-out persuades Kamekona to price gouge prices at his Shaved Ice stand. While at the grocery store Jerry stops a robbery in progress to find out the suspect's wife is pregnant at home and in bad condition. Also, at the golf course Grover scores a beats his own high score. The woman McGarrett and Danny were searching for is later found dead in an elevator after getting trapped and suffering from heat exhaustion. Tani's car is found and the suspect is arrested. Kamekona's Shaved Ice stand suffers severe damage from an angry mob. Jerry assists the pregnant woman and her husband in stabilizing her condition.
197
4 "A'ohe Kio Pohaku Nalo i Ke Alo Pali"
"On the Slope of the Cliff, Not One Jutting Rock Is Hidden from Sight" Ron Underwood Talia Gonzalez & Bisanne Masoud October 19, 2018 (2018-10-19) 905 7.48[8]
Jerry travels with Junior to bring home a fallen soldier whom Junior motivated to join the service, was killed in action. Jerry opens up about how he was rejected from joining the service. Meanwhile, McGarrett and Danny investigate a body that was found in the ocean that might have been sold in the black market.
198
5 "A'ohe Mea 'Imi A Ka Maka"
"Nothing More the Eyes to Search For" Liz Allen-Rosenbaum Zoe Robyn & Sean O'Reilly October 26, 2018 (2018-10-26) 904 6.97[9]
199
6 "Aia I Hi'Ikua; I Hi'Ialo"[10]
"Is Borne on the Back; Is Borne in the Arms" Peter Weller Rob Hanning & Paul Grellong November 2, 2018 (2018-11-02) 906 TBD
200
7 "Pua A'e La Ka Uwahi O Ka Moe"[4]
"The Smoke Seen in the Dream Now Rises" Brian Spicer Story by : Peter M. Lenkov
Teleplay by : David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler November 9, 2018 (2018-11-09) 907 TBD
TBA
TBA "Lele pū nā manu like[in English?]"[11] Carlos Bernard Chi McBride TBA 908 TBD
Crossovers[edit]
On July 19, 2018, it was announced that the season is set to see multiple crossovers with Magnum P.I.. Lenkov confirmed that Kimee Balmilero and Taylor Wily will make guest appearances as their Hawaii Five-0 characters in episodes one and two of Magnum P.I. respectively. Meanwhile, Alex O'Loughlin is set to cross paths with Jay Hernandez's character, Thomas Magnum, later in the season.[12][13]
Production[edit]
Peter M. Lenkov returned as executive producer and showrunner for a ninth consecutive season since the series' inception in 2010.
Development[edit]
On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season.[2] Peter M. Lenkov returned as executive producer and showrunner after signing a new multi-year deal with CBS.[14] On July 9, 2018, it was announced that the ninth season is set to premiere on September 28, 2018 for the 2018–19 television season.[15][16][17] The season is expected to contain the series 200th episode.[18] The season is expected to contain 22 episodes.[3] It was later revealed that the first episode of the season would be a remake of the 1968 episode from the original series, Hawaii Five-O, also entitled "Cocoon"[19][20] On August 18, 2018 it was revealed that the 200th episode of the series would be the seventh aired episode of the season.[21] Other series co-star Chi McBride, wrote an episode for the season.[11] On Wednesday, August 22, 2018 with the anticipated landfall of Hurricane Lane, a Category 4 hurricane, in Hawaii CBS reported that they "were closely monitoring the situation" but that production would continue as planned.[22][23] The following day CBS temporarily shut down production of both Hawaii Five-0 and Magnum P.I. until further notice.[24][25]
Filming[edit]
Filming for the season officially began on July 10, 2018 with a traditional Hawaiian blessing and is expected to conclude on April 19, 2019.[26][27] Brian Spicer is returned as producing director and is expected to direct five episodes of the season.[28] On July 11, 2018, it was revealed that the first episode to film would be third aired episode of the season.[29] On July 20, 2018 Lenkov reported that Alex O' Loughlin is set to direct another episode.[30] Filming on the first filmed episode of the season officially concluded on July 20, 2018.[31] Filming was temporarily cancelled in August 2018 as a result of an incoming hurricane[32].
Casting[edit]
When asked about the mid-season finale, Lenkov stated, "We're bringing back a lot of people that over the years have helped us".[33][34] On August 22, 2018 it was reported by TV Line that Rochelle Aytes had been cast in a guest role as a character named Greer.[35] Mark Dacascos is set to returned to the series as Wo Fat for the first time since the fifth season.[36] It was later announced that Louis Gossett Jr. and Gladys Knight are set to guest star in an episode as the father and mother respectively of McBride's character, Lou Grover[37][38]
Ian Anthony Dale is set to return to the series in episode six due to conflicting filming of other CBS television show Salvation in which he is also a series regular.[39][38]
Release and marketing[edit]
The teaser trailer for the first episode was released on September 12, 2018.[40] The season has been marketed as the series fiftieth anniversary, being fifty years since the premiere of the original series in 1963.[41] On August 13, 2018 it was announced that the season would have an advanced premiere screening along with an advanced premiere screening Magnum P.I.[42]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
№
Episode
Air date
18-49
rating
Viewers
(millions)
Weekly
rank
Live+7
18-49
Live+7 viewers
(millions)
1 Ka ʻōwili ʻōka’i September 28, 2018 0.9[5] 7.49[5] N/A 1.4[43] 10.52[43]
2 Ke Kanaka I Ha'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai October 5, 2018 0.8[6] 7.39[6] #25[44] 1.3[45] 10.10[45]
3 Mimiki Ke Kai, Ahuwale Ka Papa Leho October 12, 2018 0.8[7] 7.68[7] #20[46] N/A N/A
4 A'ohe Kio Pohaku Nalo i Ke Alo Pali October 19, 2018 0.8[8] 7.48[8] #19[47]
5 A'ohe Mea 'Imi A Ka Maka October 26, 2018 0.7[9] 6.97[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z hawaii five-0 on cbs". The Futon Critic. July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Ausiello, Michael (April 18, 2018). "Hawaii Five-0, Madam Secretary and Bull Among CBS' 11 Latest Renewals". TV Line. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Development Update: Thursday-Friday, July 12–13". The Futon Critic. July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "MCGARRETT INVESTIGATES A COLD CASE FROM THE 1940s AND TRIES TO DEDUCE HOW HIS GRANDFATHER COULD HAVE SOLVED IT, ON THE MILESTONE 200TH EPISODE OF "HAWAII FIVE-0," FRIDAY, NOV. 9". CBS Press Express. October 19, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 1, 2018). "'Masters of Illusion' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 8, 2018). "'The Cool Kids,' 'MacGyver,' everything else unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 15, 2018). "'Speechless' and 'Dateline' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 22, 2018). "'Last Man Standing' adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 29, 2018). "'Midnight, Texas,' 'Dynasty,' everything else unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "MCGARRETT IS ARRESTED AFTER HE CROSSES THE LINE WHILE INVESTIGATING THE DEATH OF HIS FORMER SEAL BUDDY WHO DIED WHILE MAKING AN EMERGENCY LANDING, ON "HAWAII FIVE-0," FRIDAY, NOV. 2". CBS Press Express. October 19, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Lenkov, Peter [@PLenkov] (August 18, 2018). "Double duty for @chitalkswine on this one. Directed by the great @thecarlosbernard" (Tweet). Retrieved August 18, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Surette, Tim (July 19, 2018). "The No-Brainer Magnum P.I.-Hawaii Five-0 Crossover Will Happen, Obviously". TV Guide. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rice, Lynette (July 19, 2018). "'Magnum P.I.' will do a crossover episode with 'Hawaii Five-0,' producer promises". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Andreeva (May 22, 2018). "Peter Lenkov Inks New Overall Deal With CBS TV Studios; Taps Sean Canino As Co-President Of His 101st St Entertainment". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "CBS Announces Fall 2018-2019 Primetime Premiere Dates". The Futon Critic. July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (July 9, 2018). "CBS Fall 2018 Premiere Dates: 'Big Bang' & 'Young Sheldon' To Help Launch 'Magnum PI' & 'Murphy Brown' Revival". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Michael (July 9, 2018). "CBS Fall Premiere Dates: Special 'Big Bang' to Boost 'Magnum P.I.'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Burbridge, Wendie (November 18, 2017). "175 is a magic number for 'Hawaii Five-0'". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lenkov, Peter [@PLenkov] (August 5, 2018). "Yep!!! For those who guessed it... we're redoing the 1968 pilot "Cocoon" for our season 9 premiere of #h50 - best way to celebrate our 50th anniversary- honoring the original and creator…" (Tweet). Retrieved August 6, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii Five-0 season 9 remaking classic episode for 50th anniversary". CarterMatt. August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lenkov, Peter [@PLenkov] (August 13, 2018). "Season 9 #H50 premiere is Cocoon... honoring the 50th anniversary. 907 is our 200th episode" (Tweet). Retrieved August 18, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Ramos, Dino-Rey; Petski, Denise (August 23, 2018). "'Hawaii-Five-O' & 'Magnum P.I.' Shut Down Production As Hurricane Lane Moves In – Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Chris (August 22, 2018). "Hawaii Five-0 and Magnum PI filming could be shut down by hurricane". Digital Spy. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gonzalez, Sandra (August 23, 2018). "'Magnum P.I.,' 'Hawaii Five-0' shut down production ahead of Hurricane Lane". CNN. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Boucher, Ashley (August 23, 2018). "'Hawaii Five-0' and 'Magnum PI' Productions Shut Down for Hurricane Lane". The Wrap. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lenkov, Peter [@PLenkov] (July 10, 2018). "Feeling blessed #hawaiifive0 #h50 Season 9 @ Honolulu, Hawaii www.instagram.com/p/BlDx2E9HSJx/?utm_source=ig_twitter_share&igshid=1ekrdf4fpyy19" (Tweet). Retrieved July 10, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Christopher (July 5, 2018). "Production Dates - Various Shows *Updated 5th July 2018*". Spoiler TV. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hemphill, Jim (June 29, 2018). ""I Just Try to Approach It in a Teaching Way, Not an Overbearing Way…": Bryan Spicer on Directing the TV Series, Hawaii Five-O". Filmmaker. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lenkov, Peter [@PLenkov] (July 11, 2018). "The ep we are currently shooting will air as number 3. Premier shoots in a few weeks" (Tweet). Retrieved July 11, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Lenkov, Peter [@PLenkov] (July 20, 2018). "Yes. Alex will direct again. He did awesome last time" (Tweet). Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Negret, Antonio (July 20, 2018). "Calm and happy as I finish my 20th episode of television, and in paradise, no less. Big thanks to the cast and crew of #hawaiifive0 - This one was special". Instagram. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sandberg, Elise (August 23, 2018). "'Magnum P.I.,' 'Hawaii Five-0' Shut Down Production as Hurricane Lane Approaches Hawaii". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (July 26, 2018). "Matt's Inside Line: Scoop on Five-0, Legends, Lucifer, Supernatural, NCIS, S.W.A.T., Nashville Finale and More". TV Line. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Friedlander, Whitney (August 1, 2018). "Fall 2018 TV Preview: Your Complete Guide to the Season's Premieres". Esquire. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (August 22, 2018). "Hawaii Five-0 Casts Rochelle Aytes as Season 9 Baddie (and McGarrett's Ex!)". TV Line. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rice, Lynette (August 24, 2018). "Hawaii Five-0 is bringing back Wo Fat". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (August 24, 2018). "Hawaii Five-0: Louis Gossett Jr. Is Lou's Dad in Episode Written by Chi McBride". TV Line. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hawaii Five-0 interview: Peter M. Lenkov on 'Cocoon' premiere, 200th episode, & Adam's return". Cartermatt. September 28, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (October 2, 2018). "Ask Ausiello: Spoilers on Walking Dead, Grey's, Schitt's Creek, Conners, Flash, Five-0, Riverdale, This Is Us and More". TV Line. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii Five-0 season 9: First promo gives you small piece of Steve – Danny fun". Cartermatt. September 12, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Consillio, Kristen (September 11, 2018). "Sunset on the Beach featuring new 'Magnum P.I.,' 'Hawaii Five-0' rescheduled due to Olivia". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ancheta, Dillon (August 19, 2018). "A Sunset on the Beach with a throwback trifecta: 'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Magnum' and Cyndi Lauper". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Pucci, Douglas (October 10, 2018). "Live+7 Weekly Ratings: 'Manifest' is Most-Watched NBC Drama Series Premiere in 19 Years". Programming Insider. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (October 11, 2018). "'This is Us' and Sunday Night Football stay on top: Broadcast top 25 and network rankings for Oct. 1-7". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Pucci, Douglas (October 16, 2018). "Live+7 Weekly Ratings: Long-running Stalwarts 'The Big Bang Theory' and 'Modern Family' Lead All Network Comedies in Adults 18-49 Gains". Programming Insider. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (October 16, 2018). "'This is Us' and 'Sunday Night Football' keep NBC on top: Broadcast top 25 and network rankings for Oct. 8-14". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (October 24, 2018). "'The Conners' and 'Sunday Night Football' lead: Broadcast top 25 and network rankings for Oct. 15-21". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes on IMDb
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes at TV.com
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes at The Futon Critic
Hawaii Five-0 at epguides.com
hide
v
t
e
Hawaii Five-O (1968) and Hawaii Five-0 (2010)
Characters
2010
Steve McGarrett
Wo Fat
Hawaii Five-O
(1968–80)
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Other
Episodes
Hawaii Five-0
(2010–present)
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Episodes
"Pilot"
"Ina Paha (If Perhaps)"
"Ka Makuahine A Me Ke Keikikane (Mother and Son)"
"Ka ʻōwili ʻōka’i (Cocoon)"
"Ke Kanaka I Ha'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai (The Man Who Fell From the Sky)"
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Parameter (computer programming)
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In computer programming, a parameter (often called formal parameter[1] or formal argument) is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.[a] These pieces of data are the values[2][3][4] of the arguments (often called actual arguments or actual parameters) with which the subroutine is going to be called/invoked. An ordered list of parameters is usually included in the definition of a subroutine, so that, each time the subroutine is called, its arguments for that call are evaluated, and the resulting values can be assigned to the corresponding parameters.
Unlike argument in usual mathematical usage, the argument in computer science is thus the actual input expression passed/supplied to a function, procedure, or routine in the invokation/call statement, whereas the parameter is the variable inside the implementation of the subroutine. For example, if one defines the add subroutine as def add(x, y): return x + y, then x, y are parameters, while if this is called as add(2, 3), then 2, 3 are the arguments. Note that variables (and expressions thereof) from the calling context can be arguments: if the subroutine is called as a = 2; b = 3; add(a, b) then the variables a, b are the arguments, not the values 2, 3. See the Parameters and arguments section for more information.
In the most common case, call by value, a parameter acts within the subroutine as a new local variable initialized to the value of the argument (a local (isolated) copy of the argument if the argument is a variable), but in other cases, e.g. call by reference, the argument variable supplied by the caller can be affected by actions within the called subroutine (as discussed in evaluation strategy).
The semantics for how parameters can be declared and how the (value of) arguments are passed to the parameters of subroutines are defined by the language, but the details of how this is represented in any particular computer system depend on the calling conventions of that system.
Contents
1 Example
2 Parameters and arguments
2.1 Alternative convention in Eiffel
3 Datatypes
4 Argument passing
4.1 Default arguments
4.2 Variable-length parameter lists
4.3 Named parameters
4.4 Multiple parameters in functional languages
5 Output parameters
5.1 Use
5.2 Drawbacks
5.3 Alternatives
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
Example[edit]
The following program in the C programming language defines a function that is named "sales_tax" and has one parameter named "price". The type of price is "double" (i.e. a double-precision floating point number). The function's return type is also a double.
double sales_tax(double price) { return 0.05 * price; }
After the function has been defined, it can be invoked as follows:
sales_tax(10.00);
In this example, the function has been invoked with the argument 10.00. When this happens, 10.00 will be assigned to price, and the function begins calculating its result. The steps for producing the result are specified below, enclosed in {}. 0.05 * price indicates that the first thing to do is multiply 0.05 by the value of price, which gives 0.50. return means the function will produce the result of 0.05 * price. Therefore, the final result (ignoring possible round-off errors one encounters with representing decimal fractions in IEEE-754 format) is 0.50.
Parameters and arguments[edit]
The terms parameter and argument may have different meanings in different programming languages. Sometimes they are used interchangeably, and the context is used to distinguish the meaning. The term parameter (sometimes called formal parameter) is often used to refer to the variable as found in the function definition, while argument (sometimes called actual parameter) refers to the actual input supplied at function call. For example, if one defines a function as def f(x): ..., then x is the parameter, and if it is called by a = ...; f(a) then a is the argument. A parameter is an (unbound) variable, while the argument can be a value or variable or more complex expression involving values and variables. In case of call by value, what is passed to the function is the value of the argument – for example, f(2) and a = 2; f(a) are equivalent calls – while in call by reference, with a variable as argument, what is passed is a reference to that variable - even though the syntax for the function call could stay the same. The specification for pass-by-reference or pass-by-value would be made in the function declaration and/or definition.
Parameters appear in procedure definitions; arguments appear in procedure calls. In the function definition f(x) = x*x the variable x is a parameter; in the function call f(2) the value 2 is the argument of the function. Loosely, a parameter is a type, and an argument is an instance.
A parameter is an intrinsic property of the procedure, included in its definition. For example, in many languages, a procedure to add two supplied integers together and calculate the sum would need two parameters, one for each integer. In general, a procedure may be defined with any number of parameters, or no parameters at all. If a procedure has parameters, the part of its definition that specifies the parameters is called its parameter list.
By contrast, the arguments are the expressions[1] supplied to the procedure when it is called, usually one expression matching one of the parameters. Unlike the parameters, which form an unchanging part of the procedure's definition, the arguments may vary from call to call. Each time a procedure is called, the part of the procedure call that specifies the arguments is called the argument list.
Although parameters are also commonly referred to as arguments, arguments are sometimes thought of as the actual values or references assigned to the parameter variables when the subroutine is called at run-time. When discussing code that is calling into a subroutine, any values or references passed into the subroutine are the arguments, and the place in the code where these values or references are given is the parameter list. When discussing the code inside the subroutine definition, the variables in the subroutine's parameter list are the parameters, while the values of the parameters at runtime are the arguments. For example, in C, when dealing with threads it's common to pass in an argument of type void* and cast it to an expected type:
void ThreadFunction( void* pThreadArgument ) { // Naming the first parameter 'pThreadArgument' is correct, rather than // 'pThreadParameter'. At run time the value we use is an argument. As mentioned // above, reserve the term parameter for when discussing subroutine definitions. }
To better understand the difference, consider the following function written in C:
int sum(int addend1, int addend2) { return addend1 + addend2; }
The function sum has two parameters, named addend1 and addend2. It adds the values passed into the parameters, and returns the result to the subroutine's caller (using a technique automatically supplied by the C compiler).
The code which calls the sum function might look like this:
int sumValue; int value1 = 40; int value2 = 2; sumValue = sum(value1, value2);
The variables value1 and value2 are initialized with values. value1 and value2 are both arguments to the sum function in this context.
At runtime, the values assigned to these variables are passed to the function sum as arguments. In the sum function, the parameters addend1 and addend2 are evaluated, yielding the arguments 40 and 2, respectively. The values of the arguments are added, and the result is returned to the caller, where it is assigned to the variable sumValue.
Because of the difference between parameters and arguments, it is possible to supply inappropriate arguments to a procedure. The call may supply too many or too few arguments; one or more of the arguments may be a wrong type; or arguments may be supplied in the wrong order. Any of these situations causes a mismatch between the parameter and argument lists, and the procedure will often return an unintended answer or generate a runtime error.
Alternative convention in Eiffel[edit]
Within the Eiffel software development method and language, the terms argument and parameter have distinct uses established by convention. The term argument is used exclusively in reference to a routine's inputs,[5] and the term parameter is used exclusively in type parameterization for generic classes.[6]
Consider the following routine definition:
sum (addend1: INTEGER; addend2: INTEGER): INTEGER do Result := addend1 + addend2 end
The routine sum takes two arguments addend1 and addend2, which are called the routine's formal arguments. A call to sum specifies actual arguments, as shown below with value1 and value2.
sum_value: INTEGER value1: INTEGER = 40 value2: INTEGER = 2 … sum_value := sum (value1, value2)
Parameters are also thought of as either formal or actual. Formal generic parameters are used in the definition of generic classes. In the example below, the class HASH_TABLE is declared as a generic class which has two formal generic parameters, G representing data of interest and K representing the hash key for the data:
class HASH_TABLE [G, K -> HASHABLE] …
When a class becomes a client to HASH_TABLE, the formal generic parameters are substituted with actual generic parameters in a generic derivation. In the following attribute declaration, my_dictionary is to be used as a character string based dictionary. As such, both data and key formal generic parameters are substituted with actual generic parameters of type STRING.
my_dictionary: HASH_TABLE [STRING, STRING]
Datatypes[edit]
In strongly typed programming languages, each parameter's type must be specified in the procedure declaration. Languages using type inference attempt to discover the types automatically from the function's body and usage. Dynamically typed programming languages defer type resolution until run-time. Weakly typed languages perform little to no type resolution, relying instead on the programmer for correctness.
Some languages use a special keyword (e.g. void) to indicate that the subroutine has no parameters; in formal type theory, such functions take an empty parameter list (whose type is not void, but rather unit).
Argument passing[edit]
The exact mechanism for assigning arguments to parameters, called argument passing, depends upon the evaluation strategy used for that parameter (typically call by value), which may be specified using keywords.
Default arguments[edit]
Some programming languages such as Ada, C++, Clojure, Common Lisp, Fortran 90, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and Windows PowerShell allow for a default argument to be explicitly or implicitly given in a subroutine's declaration. This allows the caller to omit that argument when calling the subroutine. If the default argument is explicitly given, then that value is used if it is not provided by the caller. If the default argument is implicit (sometimes by using a keyword such as Optional) then the language provides a well-known value (such as null, Empty, zero, an empty string, etc.) if a value is not provided by the caller.
PowerShell example:
function doc($g = 1.21) { "$g gigawatts? $g gigawatts? Great Scott!" }
PS > doc 1.21 gigawatts? 1.21 gigawatts? Great Scott! PS > doc 88 88 gigawatts? 88 gigawatts? Great Scott!
Default arguments can be seen as a special case of the variable-length argument list.
Variable-length parameter lists[edit]
Some languages allow subroutines to be defined to accept a variable number of arguments. For such languages, the subroutines must iterate through the list of arguments.
PowerShell example:
function marty { $args | foreach { "back to the year $_" } }
PS > marty 1985 back to the year 1985 PS > marty 2015 1985 1955 back to the year 2015 back to the year 1985 back to the year 1955
Named parameters[edit]
Some programming languages—such as Ada and Windows PowerShell—allow subroutines to have named parameters. This allows the calling code to be more self-documenting. It also provides more flexibility to the caller, often allowing the order of the arguments to be changed, or for arguments to be omitted as needed.
PowerShell example:
function jennifer($adjectiveYoung, $adjectiveOld) { "Young Jennifer: I'm $adjectiveYoung!" "Old Jennifer: I'm $adjectiveOld!" }
PS > jennifer 'fresh' 'experienced' Young Jennifer: I'm fresh! Old Jennifer: I'm experienced! PS > jennifer -adjectiveOld 'experienced' -adjectiveYoung 'fresh' Young Jennifer: I'm fresh! Old Jennifer: I'm experienced!
Multiple parameters in functional languages[edit]
In lambda calculus, each function has exactly one parameter. What is thought of as functions with multiple parameters is usually represented in lambda calculus as a function which takes the first argument, and returns a function which takes the rest of the arguments; this is a transformation known as currying. Some programming languages, like ML and Haskell, follow this scheme. In these languages, every function has exactly one parameter, and what may look like the definition of a function of multiple parameters, is actually syntactic sugar for the definition of a function that returns a function, etc. Function application is left-associative in these languages as well as in lambda calculus, so what looks like an application of a function to multiple arguments is correctly evaluated as the function applied to the first argument, then the resulting function applied to the second argument, etc.
Output parameters[edit]
An output parameter, also known as an out parameter or return parameter, is a parameter used for output, rather than the more usual use for input. Using call by reference parameters, or call by value parameters where the value is a reference, as output parameters is an idiom in some languages, notably C and C++,[b] while other languages have built-in support for output parameters. Languages with built-in support for output parameters include Ada[7] (see Ada subprograms), Fortran (since Fortran 90; see Fortran "intent"), various procedural extensions to SQL, such as PL/SQL (see PL/SQL functions)[8] and Transact-SQL, C#[9] and the .NET Framework,[10] and the scripting language TScript (see TScript function declarations).
More precisely, one may distinguish three types of parameters or parameter modes: input parameters, output parameters, and input/output parameters; these are often denoted in, out, and in out or inout. An input argument (the argument to an input parameter) must be a value, such as an initialized variable or literal, and must not be redefined or assigned to; an output argument must be an assignable variable, but it need not be initialized, any existing value is not accessible, and must be assigned a value; and an input/output argument must be an initialized, assignable variable, and can optionally be assigned a value. The exact requirements and enforcement vary between languages – for example, in Ada 83 output parameters can only be assigned to, not read, even after assignment (this was removed in Ada 95 to remove the need for an auxiliary accumulator variable). These are analogous to the notion of a value in an expression being an r-value (has a value), an l-value (can be assigned), or an r-value/l-value (has a value and can be assigned), respectively, though these terms have specialized meanings in C.
In some cases only input and input/output are distinguished, with output being considered a specific use of input/output, and in other cases only input and output (but not input/output) are supported. The default mode varies between languages: in Fortran 90 input/output is default, while in C# and SQL extensions input is default, and in TScript each parameter is explicitly specified as input or output.
Syntactically, parameter mode is generally indicated with a keyword in the function declaration, such as void f(out int x) in C#. Conventionally output parameters are often put at the end of the parameter list to clearly distinguish them, though this is not always followed. TScript uses a different approach, where in the function declaration input parameters are listed, then output parameters, separated by a colon (:) and there is no return type to the function itself, as in this function, which computes the size of a text fragment:
TextExtent(WString text, Font font : Integer width, Integer height)
Parameter modes are a form of denotational semantics, stating the programmer's intent and allowing compilers to catch errors and apply optimizations – they do not necessarily imply operational semantics (how the parameter passing actually occurs). Notably, while input parameters can be implemented by call by value, and output and input/output parameters by call by reference – and this is a straightforward way to implement these modes in languages without built-in support – this is not always how they are implemented. This distinction is discussed in detail in the Ada '83 Rationale, which emphasizes that the parameter mode is abstracted from which parameter passing mechanism (by reference or by copy) is actually implemented.[7] For instance, while in C# input parameters (default, no keyword) are passed by value, and output and input/output parameters (out and ref) are passed by reference, in PL/SQL input parameters (IN) are passed by reference, and output and input/output parameters (OUT and IN OUT) are by default passed by value and the result copied back, but can be passed by reference by using the NOCOPY compiler hint.[11]
A syntactically similar construction to output parameters is to assign the return value to a variable with the same name as the function. This is found in Pascal and Fortran 66 and Fortran 77, as in this Pascal example:
function f(x, y: integer): integer; begin f := x + y; end;
This is semantically different in that when called, the function is simply evaluated – it is not passed a variable from the calling scope to store the output in.
Use[edit]
The primary use of output parameters is to return multiple values from a function, while the use of input/output parameters is to modify state using parameter passing (rather than by shared environment, as in global variables). An important use of returning multiple values is to solve the semipredicate problem of returning both a value and an error status – see Semipredicate problem: Multivalued return.
For example, to return two variables from a function in C, one may write:
int width, height; f(x, &width, &height);
where x is an input parameter and width and height are output parameters, passed by reference.
A common use case in C and related languages is for exception handling, where a function places the return value in an output variable, and returns a boolean corresponding to whether the function succeeded or not. An archetypal example is the TryParse method in .NET, especially C#, which parses a string into an integer, returning true on success and false on failure. This has the following signature:[12]
public static bool TryParse(string s, out int result)
and may be used as follows:
int result; if (!Int32.TryParse(s, result)) { // exception handling }
Similar considerations apply to returning a value of one of several possible types, where the return value can specify the type and then value is stored in one of several output variables.
Another use is as a micro-optimization, to avoid assigning a local variable in a function and then needing to copy it when returning. This can be done when output parameters are implemented by call by reference. For example, in C++, instead of the more usual:
LargeObject obj = f(x);
one might instead write:
LargeObject obj; f(x, &obj);
so the function f does not need to assign space for the object or copy it on returning.
Drawbacks[edit]
Output parameters are often discouraged in modern programming, essentially as being awkward, confusing, and too low-level – commonplace return values are considerably easier to understand and work with.[13] Notably, output parameters involve functions with side effects (modifying the output parameter) and are semantically similar to references, which are more confusing than pure functions and values, and the distinction between output parameters and input/output parameters can be subtle. Further, since in common programming styles most parameters are simply input parameters, output parameters and input/output parameters are unusual and hence susceptible to misunderstanding.
Output and input/output parameters prevent function composition, since the output is stored in variables, rather than in the value of an expression. Thus one must initially declare a variable, and then each step of a chain of functions must be a separate statement. For example, in C++ the following function composition:
Object obj = g(y, f(x));
when written with output and input/output parameters instead becomes (for f it is an output parameter, for g an input/output parameter):
Object obj; f(x, &obj); g(y, &obj);
In the special case of a function with a single output or input/output parameter and no return value, function composition is possible if the output or input/output parameter (or in C/C++, its address) is also returned by the function, in which case the above becomes:
Object obj; g(y, f(x, &obj));
Alternatives[edit]
There are various alternatives to the use cases of output parameters.
For returning multiple values from a function, an alternative is to return a tuple. Syntactically this is clearer if automatic sequence unpacking and parallel assignment can be used, as in Go or Python, such as:
def f(): return 1, 2 a, b = f()
For returning a value of one of several types, a tagged union can be used instead; the most common cases are nullable types (option types), where the return value can be null to indicate failure. For exception handling, one can return a nullable type, or raise an exception. For example, in Python one might have either:
result = Parse(s) if result is None: # exception handling
or, more idiomatically:
try: result = Parse(s) except ParseError: # exception handling
The micro-optimization of not requiring a local variable and copying the return when using output variables can also be applied to conventional functions and return values by sufficiently sophisticated compilers.
The usual alternative to output parameters in C and related languages is to return a single data structure containing all return values.[9] For example, given a structure encapsulating width and height, one can write:
WidthHeight width_and_height = f(x);
In object-oriented languages, instead of using input/output parameters, one can often use call by sharing, passing a reference to an object and then mutating the object, though not changing which object the variable refers to.[13]
See also[edit]
Command-line argument
Evaluation strategy
Operator overloading
Free variables and bound variables
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In this article, the term "subroutine" refers to any subroutine-like construct, which have different names and slightly different meanings depending on the programming language being discussed.
Jump up ^ C and C++ are call by value, but if type is a reference (a C/C++ pointer or C++ reference), then setting the value of the reference can be used to produce call by reference style behavior.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Prata, Stephen (2004). C primer plus (5th ed.). Sams. p. 275-276. ISBN 0-672-32696-5.
Jump up ^ Prata, Stephen (2004). C primer plus (5th ed.). Sams. p. 276-277. ISBN 0-672-32696-5.
Jump up ^ "Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++" (PDF). www.open-std.org. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Gordon, Aaron. "Subprograms and Parameter Passing". rowdysites.msudenver.edu/~gordona. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Meyer, Bertrand. Object-Oriented Software Construction, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997, p 444.
Jump up ^ Meyer, p. 96.
^ Jump up to: a b 8.2 Parameter Modes, "Rationale for the Design of the Ada® Programming Language"
Jump up ^ 8. PL/SQL Subprograms: Specifying Subprogram Parameter Modes
^ Jump up to: a b Peter Hallam. "Why does C# have both 'ref' and 'out'?". Archived from the original on 2011-09-26.
Jump up ^ ParameterDirection Enumeration
Jump up ^ 8. PL/SQL Subprograms: Passing Large Data Structures with the NOCOPY Compiler Hint
Jump up ^ Int32.TryParse Method (String, Int32)
^ Jump up to: a b CA1021: Avoid out parameters
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This Is How a Heart Breaks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"This Is How a Heart Breaks"
Single by Rob Thomas
from the album ...Something to Be
Released
June 13, 2005
Format
Digital download
7"
Genre
Alternative rock
Length
3:51 (Album Version)
3:23 (Radio Edit)
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Rob Thomas
Bloodshy & Avant
H. Jonback
Producer(s)
Matt Serletic
Rob Thomas singles chronology
"Lonely No More"
(2005) "This Is How a Heart Breaks"
(2005) "Ever the Same"
(2005)
"Lonely No More"
(2005) "This Is How a Heart Breaks"
(2005) "Ever the Same"
(2005)
Music video
"This Is How A Heart Breaks" on YouTube
"This Is How a Heart Breaks" was released in June 2005 as the second single from Matchbox Twenty frontman Rob Thomas's debut album, …Something to Be. The song was moderately successful on the charts peaking at number 52 in the USA and number 13 in Australia. It was certified gold by the RIAA selling over 500,000 copies and in 2006 it was nominated for a Grammy for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo.
Contents
[hide]
1 In popular culture
2 Video and plot
3 Chart positions
3.1 Year end charts
4 Track listing
5 Remixes
6 References
7 External links
In popular culture[edit]
The song was used during the 2005 NBA Finals by ABC television.
In 2013, Straight No Chaser covered the song with Thomas on their Under the Influence album.[1]
The song is performed in the season 2 finale of IZombie (TV series).
Video and plot[edit]
The video, directed by Pedro Romhanyi, starts off with images of New York City then Thomas singing as he walks along the street. Then suddenly, he sees someone and runs away, chased by that person through the New York streets. Later on, Thomas escapes from the chaser and sings a few lines while walking along another part of the street. Just as he finishes his lines, the chaser catches up to Thomas again and he runs through a bar and jumps out a window in the bar. Eventually, Thomas loses the chaser and goes into an elevator in a building. Once he leaves, he runs up the stairs to the fire exit and when gets to the roof top he sings some lines then sees the chaser chasing him again. As the chase continues Thomas tries to climb down a fire escape only to fall into trash. Then Thomas runs on top of some parked cars only to run into a fence which he can't climb. Then Thomas gets cornered and finds himself face to face with the chaser. As the video ends we get a very quick glimpse of the chaser's face and it is in fact himself, Rob Thomas.
Chart positions[edit]
Chart (2005–06)
Peak
position
Australian ARIA Singles Chart 13
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100) 91
New Zealand Singles Chart 24
UK Singles Chart 67
US Billboard Hot 100[2] 52
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[3] 3
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[4] 25
Year end charts[edit]
End of Year Chart (2005)
Position
Australian Singles Chart 96
Track listing[edit]
"This Is How a Heart Breaks" (Album Version) - 3:50
"Lonely No More" (Courtesy of Yahoo! Music) – 3:31
Remixes[edit]
That Kid Chris Club Mix – 9:47
Ford Club Mix – 7:31
Pull Defibrillator Mix – 6:31
B&B Club Mix – 6:22
Ford Dub Mix – 7:31
Pull's Synthapella – 4:07
That Kid Chris Dub Mix – 9:18
B&B Acapella – 3:31
B&B Beats – 2:51
Strait No Chaser – 3:17
Peecans Xmas Sweater Club - 1:15
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Collar, Matt. "Under the Influence - Straight No Chaser". Allmusic. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rob Thomas – Chart History: Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rob Thomas – Chart History: Adult Pop Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rob Thomas – Chart History: Adult Contemporary". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Rob Thomas
Discography
Studio albums
...Something to Be
Cradlesong
The Great Unknown
Singles
"Lonely No More"
"This Is How a Heart Breaks"
"Ever the Same"
"...Something to Be"
"Streetcorner Symphony"
"Her Diamonds"
"Give Me the Meltdown"
"Someday"
"Mockingbird"
Featured singles
"Smooth"
"Sunshine of Your Love"
Soundtrack singles
"Little Wonders"
Tours
Something to Be Tour
Cradlesong Tour
The Great Unknown Tour
Related articles
Matchbox Twenty
Tabitha's Secret
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=This_Is_How_a_Heart_Breaks&oldid=818256806"
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