text:
Radius of gyration
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Radius of gyration or gyradius of a body about an axis of rotation is defined as the radial distance of a point from the axis of rotation at which, if whole mass of the body is assumed to be concentrated, its moment of inertia about the given axis would be the same as with its actual distribution of mass. It is denoted by "k".
Mathematically the radius of gyration is the root mean square distance of the object's parts from either its center of mass or a given axis, depending on the relevant application. It is actually the perpendicular distance from point mass to the axis of rotation.
IUPAC definition
Radius of gyration (in polymer science)( s {\displaystyle s} , unit: nm or SI unit: m): For a macromolecule composed of n {\displaystyle n} mass elements, of masses m i {\displaystyle m_{i}} , i {\displaystyle i} =1,2,…, n {\displaystyle n} , located at fixed distances s i {\displaystyle s_{i}} from the centre of mass, the radius of gyration is the square-root of the mass average of s i 2 {\displaystyle s_{i}^{2}} over all mass elements, i.e.,
s = ( ∑ i = 1 n m i s i 2 / ∑ i = 1 n m i ) 1 / 2 {\displaystyle s=\left(\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}s_{i}^{2}/\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}\right)^{1/2}}
Note: The mass elements are usually taken as the masses of the skeletal groups constituting the macromolecule, e.g., –CH2– in poly(methylene).[1]

Contents
1 Applications in structural engineering
2 Applications in mechanics
3 Molecular applications
3.1 Derivation of identity
4 Notes
5 References
Applications in structural engineering[edit]
In structural engineering, the two-dimensional radius of gyration is used to describe the distribution of cross sectional area in a column around its centroidal axis with the mass of the body. The radius of gyration is given by the following formula:
R g 2 = I A {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}={\frac {I}{A}}}
or
R g = I A {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }={\sqrt {\frac {I}{A}}}}
Where I is the second moment of area and A is the total cross-sectional area.
The gyration radius is useful in estimating the stiffness of a column. If the principal moments of the two-dimensional gyration tensor are not equal, the column will tend to buckle around the axis with the smaller principal moment. For example, a column with an elliptical cross-section will tend to buckle in the direction of the smaller semiaxis.
It also can be referred to as the radial distance from a given axis at which the mass of a body could be concentrated without altering the rotational inertia of the body about that axis.
In engineering, where continuous bodies of matter are generally the objects of study, the radius of gyration is usually calculated as an integral.
Applications in mechanics[edit]
The radius of gyration about a given axis ( r g axis {\displaystyle r_{\mathrm {g} {\text{ axis}}}} ) can be computed in terms of the mass moment of inertia I axis {\displaystyle I_{\text{axis}}} around that axis, and the total mass m;
r g axis 2 = I axis m {\displaystyle r_{\mathrm {g} {\text{ axis}}}^{2}={\frac {I_{\text{axis}}}{m}}}
or
r g axis = I axis m {\displaystyle r_{\mathrm {g} {\text{ axis}}}={\sqrt {\frac {I_{\text{axis}}}{m}}}}
I axis {\displaystyle I_{\text{axis}}} is a scalar, and is not the moment of inertia tensor. [2]
Molecular applications[edit]
In polymer physics, the radius of gyration is used to describe the dimensions of a polymer chain. The radius of gyration of a particular molecule at a given time is defined as [3]:
R g 2 = d e f 1 N ∑ k = 1 N ( r k − r m e a n ) 2 {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\left(\mathbf {r} _{k}-\mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }\right)^{2}}
where r m e a n {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }} is the mean position of the monomers. As detailed below, the radius of gyration is also proportional to the root mean square distance between the monomers:
R g 2 = d e f 1 2 N 2 ∑ i , j ( r i − r j ) 2 {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {1}{2N^{2}}}\sum _{i,j}\left(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {r} _{j}\right)^{2}}
As a third method, the radius of gyration can also be computed by summing the principal moments of the gyration tensor.
Since the chain conformations of a polymer sample are quasi infinite in number and constantly change over time, the "radius of gyration" discussed in polymer physics must usually be understood as a mean over all polymer molecules of the sample and over time. That is, the radius of gyration which is measured as an average over time or ensemble:
R g 2 = d e f 1 N ⟨ ∑ k = 1 N ( r k − r m e a n ) 2 ⟩ {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {1}{N}}\left\langle \sum _{k=1}^{N}\left(\mathbf {r} _{k}-\mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }\right)^{2}\right\rangle }
where the angular brackets ⟨ … ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle \ldots \rangle } denote the ensemble average.
An entropically governed polymer chain (i.e. in so called theta conditions) follows a random walk in three dimensions. The radius of gyration for this case is given by
R g = 1 6 N a {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }={\frac {1}{{\sqrt {6}}\ }}\ {\sqrt {N}}\ a}
Note that although a N {\displaystyle aN} represents the contour length of the polymer, a {\displaystyle a} is strongly dependent of polymer stiffness and can vary over orders of magnitude. N {\displaystyle N} is reduced accordingly.
One reason that the radius of gyration is an interesting property is that it can be determined experimentally with static light scattering as well as with small angle neutron- and x-ray scattering. This allows theoretical polymer physicists to check their models against reality. The hydrodynamic radius is numerically similar, and can be measured with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).
Derivation of identity[edit]
To show that the two definitions of R g 2 {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}} are identical, we first multiply out the summand in the first definition:
R g 2 = d e f 1 N ∑ k = 1 N ( r k − r m e a n ) 2 = 1 N ∑ k = 1 N [ r k ⋅ r k + r m e a n ⋅ r m e a n − 2 r k ⋅ r m e a n ] {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\left(\mathbf {r} _{k}-\mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }\right)^{2}={\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\left[\mathbf {r} _{k}\cdot \mathbf {r} _{k}+\mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }\cdot \mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }-2\mathbf {r} _{k}\cdot \mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }\right]}
Carrying out the summation over the last two terms and using the definition of r m e a n {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }} gives the formula
R g 2 = d e f − r m e a n ⋅ r m e a n + 1 N ∑ k = 1 N ( r k ⋅ r k ) {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {g} }^{2}\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ -\mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }\cdot \mathbf {r} _{\mathrm {mean} }+{\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\left(\mathbf {r} _{k}\cdot \mathbf {r} _{k}\right)}
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Stepto, R.; Chang, T.; Kratochvíl, P.; Hess, M.; Horie, K.; Sato, T.; Vohlídal, J. (2015). "Definitions of terms relating to individual macromolecules, macromolecular assemblies, polymer solutions, and amorphous bulk polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2014)" (PDF). Pure Appl Chem. 87 (1): 71. doi:10.1515/pac-2013-0201. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ See for example Goldstein, Herbert (1950), Classical Mechanics (1st ed.), Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company equation 5-30
Jump up ^ Fixman, Marshall (1962). "Radius of Gyration of Polymer Chains". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 36: 306–310.
References[edit]
Grosberg AY and Khokhlov AR. (1994) Statistical Physics of Macromolecules (translated by Atanov YA), AIP Press. ISBN 1-56396-071-0
Flory PJ. (1953) Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University, pp. 428-429 (Appendix C o Chapter X).
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Continental climate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the influence of continental climates on viticulture, see continental climate (wine).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
World Köppen map
Continental climates are defined in the Köppen climate classification as having the coldest month with the temperature never rising above 0.0° C (32°F) all month long.
Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (hot summers and cold winters).[specify] They tend to occur in the middle latitudes (40 to 55 north), where prevailing winds blow overland, and temperatures are not moderated by bodies of water such as oceans or seas. Continental climates occur mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, which has the kind of large landmasses required for this type of climate to develop. Most of northern and northeastern China, eastern and southeastern Europe, central and southeastern Canada, and the central and upper eastern United States have this type of climate.[1]
In Continental climates, precipitation tends to be moderate in amount, concentrated mostly in the warmer months. Only a few areas, in the mountains of the Pacific Northwest of North America and in Iran, northern Iraq, adjacent Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia show a winter maximum in precipitation. A portion of the annual precipitation falls as snowfall, and snow often remains on the ground for more than a month. Summers in continental climates can feature thunderstorms and frequent cool temperatures, however summer weather is more stable than winter weather.
Contents
[hide]
1 Spring and autumn
2 Köppen climate classification
3 Climatology
4 Neighbouring climates
5 List of locations with a continental climate
5.1 North America
5.2 South America
5.3 Europe
5.4 Africa
5.5 Middle East
5.6 Asia
5.7 Oceania
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Spring and autumn[edit]
The timing of intermediate spring-like or autumn-like temperatures in this zone vary depending on latitude and/or elevation. For example, spring may arrive as soon as early March in the southern parts of this zone, or as late as May in the north. Annual precipitation in this zone is usually between 600 millimetres (24 in) and 1,200 millimetres (47 in), most of it in the form of snow during winter. It also has cold winters and warm summers.
Köppen climate classification[edit]
Most such areas fit Köppen classifications of Dfa, Dwa (cold winters, hot summers; "w" indicating very dry winters characteristic especially of China) or Dfb or Dwb (cold winters, warm summers, same distinction for winter dryness). Dry summer continental climates (Dsa and Dsb) exist in high altitude areas near Mediterranean climates. In some cases, the semi-arid climate classification of BSk can also be considered to be continental as long as it has cold winters. The definition of this climate regarding temperature is as follows: the mean temperature of the coldest month must be below −3 °C (26.6 °F) and there must be at least four months whose mean temperatures are at or above 10 °C (50 °F).
Climatology[edit]
Continental climates exist where cold air masses infiltrate during the winter and warm air masses form in summer under conditions of high sun and long days. Places with continental climates are as a rule are either far from any moderating effect of oceans (examples: Omaha, Nebraska and Kazan, Russia) or are so situated that prevailing winds tend to head offshore (example: Boston, USA). Such regions get quite warm in the summer, achieving temperatures characteristic of tropical climates but are colder than any other climates of similar latitude in the winter.
Neighbouring climates[edit]
In the Koppen climate system, these climates grade off toward Temperate climates equator-ward where winters are less severe and semi-arid climates where precipitation becomes inadequate for tall-grass prairies. In Europe these climates may grade off into oceanic climates in which the influence of cool oceanic air masses is more marked toward the west. The subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc), with very cold, long and dry winters, but with at least one month above 10 °C (50 °F), might be considered a sub-type of the continental climate.
List of locations with a continental climate[edit]
North America[edit]
Ice skaters on the frozen Rideau Canal, looking south from Laurier Avenue Bridge in Ottawa
Canada: throughout much of Southern Canada from the Rocky Mountains to Atlantic Canada. Major cities: Whistler; Prince George; Kelowna; Calgary; Edmonton; Fort McMurray; Saskatoon; Regina; Winnipeg; Kenora; Thunder Bay; Sault Ste. Marie; Greater Sudbury; North Bay, Ontario; Timmins; Sarnia; London, Ontario; Kitchener, Ontario; Toronto; Niagara Falls; Kingston; Ottawa; Val-d'Or; Montreal; Sherbrooke; Trois-Rivières; Quebec City; Saguenay; Sept-Îles; Fredericton, New Brunswick; Moncton, New Brunswick; Halifax; Sydney, Nova Scotia; Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
A statue of Ilanaaq, mascot of the 2010 Winter Olympics, located on Whistler Mountain
North Saskatchewan River valley in Edmonton
The Forks, with St. Boniface Cathedral in the background in Winnipeg
Toronto skyline taken from Colonel Samuel Smith Park in Etobicoke
Downtown Calgary from Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT) campus
Olympic Stadium in Montreal
Quebec City shore
Halifax as seen from the Dartmouth waterfront
Duckworth Street in St. John's
Lake Louise, Alberta
The Chicago River, with the Near North Side and Streeterville on the right, the Chicago Loop, Lakeshore East, and Illinois Center on the left, and Trump Tower at the jog in the river in the center. This view is looking west from Lake Shore Drive's Outer Drive Bridge.
Vermont winter scene
United States: throughout much of Northern United States, including parts of Alaska, and farther south at high elevations in Oregon, California, and Arizona, and along the Appalachian Mountains: Major cities: Spokane; South Lake Tahoe; Flagstaff; Idaho Falls; Wallace; Billings; Cheyenne; Salt Lake City; Aspen; Denver; Fargo; Sioux Falls; Omaha; Kansas City; St. Louis; Des Moines; Minneapolis; Green Bay, Wisconsin; Madison, Wisconsin; Milwaukee; Chicago; Indianapolis; Detroit; Cincinnati; Cleveland; Columbus, Ohio; Youngstown; Pittsburgh; Philadelphia; Erie; Scranton; Wheeling; Oakland, Maryland; Boone, North Carolina; Buffalo; Rochester; Syracuse; Albany; New York City; Montpelier; Concord; Hartford; Worcester; Boston; Portland, Maine; Augusta, Maine; Juneau, Alaska.
Rainbow Bridge and the American Falls in Niagara Falls
Downtown Pittsburgh from Station Square
Boone, NC as seen from Howard's Knob
Boston's skyline in the background, with fall foliage in the foreground
San Francisco Peaks from Flagstaff, AZ
South America[edit]
While there are no major cities in South America that fall in to the classification of a continental climate, there are some remote places that have this climate. Due to the influence of the Ocean, Patagonia, including cities such as Punta Arenas, Chile and Ushuaia, Argentina, have an average winter temperature above 0°C, and so are classified as an oceanic climate.
Argentina: Moderately high elevations in the central Andes west of Mendoza, Argentina towards the Argentine Patagonia's internal areas; lying in the nation's southwestern frontier, near the Chilean border (e.g Bariloche)
Chile: Moderately high elevations in the central and Andes east of Santiago, and within the interior of the Aysén region (e.g: Balmaceda)
Europe[edit]
Aker Brygge in Oslo
Spassky Cathedral in Moscow
France: Chamonix
Belgium: Bertrix
Italy: Bruneck, Cortina d'Ampezzo
Austria: Innsbruck, Salzburg (bordering an oceanic climate)
Switzerland: Bern
Germany: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Norway: Oslo, Trondheim, Lillehammer
Sweden: Stockholm, Gothenburg
Finland: Helsinki, Turku
Estonia: Tallinn
Latvia: Riga
Lithuania: Vilnius
Belarus: Minsk, Grodno
Ukraine: Kiev, Kharkiv, Lviv
Czech Republic: Prague
Poland: Warsaw, Wrocław, Szczecin
Slovakia: Bratislava
Bulgaria: Sofia, Pleven
Romania: Bucharest
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sarajevo
Moldova: Chișinău
Russia: throughout much of southern Russia except coastal Black Sea. Major cities: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Ulan-Ude, Abakan, Vladivostok
Africa[edit]
View from Jbel Oukaïmeden in Morocco
Morocco: Khenifra and Azilal
Middle East[edit]
Palandöken in August 2009, as seen from downtown Erzurum.
Turkey: Hakkâri, Muş, Erzurum, Ardahan, Sivas, Yüksekova, Van, Kayseri, Bolu
Iran: Sanandaj, Saqqez, Arak, Ardabil, Tabriz
Georgia: Gori
Armenia: Yerevan, Gyumri
Azerbaijan: Nakhchivan
Asia[edit]
Headquarter of Harbin Bank in Harbin
The snowy city of Sapporo
Kazakhstan: Astana, Almaty, Oskemen, Oral
Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek, Naryn
Afghanistan: Kabul
Uzbekistan: Nukus, Andijan
Pakistan: Skardu
India: Leh, Dras
Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar, Ulaangom
China: Ürümqi, Turpan, Shijiazhuang, Lhasa, Beijing, Harbin, Tianjin, Changchun, Heihe, Qiqihar, Xining
North Korea: Pyongyang, Nampo
South Korea: Seoul, Suwon, Incheon, Daejeon, Sejong City, Cheonan, Cheongju, Gangneung, Wonju, Chuncheon, Pyeongchang County
Japan: Mostly found in the Hokkaido region as well as high elevations in Mainland Japan: Major cities: Sapporo, Asahikawa, Nayoro, Kushiro, Obihiro, Kitami, Abashiri, Wakkanai, and Nemuro.
Oceania[edit]
Looking through Charlotte Pass towards the main range in winter.
Cabramurra Community Hall in winter
Australia: High elevations such as the Victorian Alps between Victoria and New South Wales and in Tasmania: Major cities: Mount Buller (bordering a subartic climate), Perisher Ski Resort (bordering a subpolar oceanic climate), Kiandra, Cabramurra, Charlotte Pass and Hotham Alpine Resort (both bordering a subarctic climate)
See also[edit]
Hemiboreal climate
Humid continental climate
Microthermal climate
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Continental Climate". Encyclopedia of the Atmospheric Environment. Manchester Metropolitan University. Archived from the original on 2009-04-27.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Continental climate.
hide
v
t
e
Climate types under the Köppen climate classification
Class A
Tropical rainforest (Af)
Tropical monsoon (Am)
Tropical savanna (Aw, As)
Class B
Desert (BWh, BWk, BWn)
Semi-arid (BSh, BSk, BSn)
Class C
Humid subtropical (Cfa, Cwa)
Oceanic (Cfb, Cwb, Cfc, Cwc)
Mediterranean (Csa, Csb, Csc)
Class D
Humid continental (Dfa, Dwa, Dfb, Dwb, Dsa, Dsb)
Subarctic (Dfc, Dwc, Dfd, Dwd, Dsc, Dsd)
Class E
Tundra (ET)
Ice cap (EF)
Alpine (ET, EF)
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My Father's Eyes (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the Amy Grant song, see My Father's Eyes (album).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"My Father's Eyes"
Single by Eric Clapton
from the album Pilgrim
B-side
"Theme from a Movie That Never Happened", "Inside of Me"
Released
1998
Format
CD single
Recorded
1997
Genre
Soft rock
Length
5:24
Label
Reprise
Songwriter(s)
Eric Clapton
Producer(s)
Eric Clapton, Simon Climie
Eric Clapton singles chronology
"Change the World"
(1996) "My Father's Eyes"
(1998) "Circus"
(1998)
"Change the World"
(1996) "My Father's Eyes"
(1998) "Circus"
(1998)
"My Father's Eyes" is a song written and performed by Eric Clapton and produced by Clapton and Simon Climie. It was released as a single in 1998 and was featured on the album Pilgrim. The song reached the top 40 on the Billboard Airplay chart, peaking at number 16, and spent five weeks at number two on the Hot Adult Contemporary chart.[1] "My Father's Eyes" won a Grammy award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.
Clapton performed this track for the first time in 1992 and again in 1996, in both electric and unplugged versions. These versions of the song were completely different from the official single release in 1998. He would later retire the song in 2004, along with "Tears in Heaven", until the 50 Years Further On Up The Road world tour in 2013.
Contents
[hide]
1 Inspiration and content
2 Accolades
3 Track listing
4 Chart performance
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 References
6 External links
Inspiration and content[edit]
The song is inspired by the fact that Clapton never met his father, who died in 1985. Describing how Clapton wishes he knew his father, "My Father's Eyes" also refers to Clapton's son Conor, who died at age four after falling from an apartment window. "In it I tried to describe the parallel between looking in the eyes of my son, and the eyes of the father that I never met, through the chain of our blood", said Clapton in his autobiography.
Accolades[edit]
Year
Ceremony
Award
Result
Ref.
1999
BMI Awards
Song of the Year Won [2]
Grammy Awards
Best Pop Vocal Performance Male Won [3]
Track listing[edit]
"My Father's Eyes"
"Change The World"
"Theme from a Movie That Never Happened" (Orchestral)
"Inside of Me"
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[4]
74
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[5]
18
Canadian Adult Contemporary (RPM)[6]
10
France (SNEP)[7]
23
Germany (Official German Charts)[8]
57
Italy (FIMI)[9]
26
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[10]
20
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[11]
72
Norway (VG-lista)[12]
20
Poland (LP3)[13]
3
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[14]
41
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[15]
31
UK Physical Singles (Official Charts Company)[16]
33
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[17]
33
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[18]
7
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[19]
26
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[20]
21
US Radio Songs (Billboard)[21]
16
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Position
Canadian Adult Contemporary (RPM)[22] 5
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 56.
Jump up ^ "This month at the BMI website". Billboard Magazine. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 111 (46): 1. November 13, 1999. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rock On The Net: Grammy Awards: Best Pop Solo Performance". Rock On The Net. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Eric Clapton – My Father's Eyes" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Adult Contemporary – Volume 68, No. 3, October 12 1998". RPM. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tout les Titres par Artiste > Clapton, Eric". Info Disc. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts > My Father' Eyes". Official Charts. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Indice per Interprete: C > Clapton, Eric". Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton - My Father's Eyes | Top 40". Dutch Top 40 (in Dutch). Stichting Nederlandse Top 40. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Eric Clapton – My Father's Eyes" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton – My Father's Eyes". Norwegian Charts. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "My Father's Eyes – Eric Clapton" (in Polish). LP3. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Eric Clapton – My Father's Eyes". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Official Physical Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton Chart History (Mainstream Rock)" Billboard. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton Chart History (Pop Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton Chart History (Radio Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Adult Contemporary – Volume 68, No. 12, December 14 1998". RPM. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Eric Clapton
Studio albums
Eric Clapton
461 Ocean Boulevard
There's One in Every Crowd
No Reason to Cry
Slowhand
Backless
Another Ticket
Money and Cigarettes
Behind the Sun
August
Journeyman
From the Cradle
Pilgrim
Reptile
Me and Mr. Johnson / Sessions for Robert J
Back Home
Clapton
Old Sock
I Still Do
Live albums
Eric Clapton's Rainbow Concert
E. C. Was Here
Just One Night
Time Pieces Vol.II Live in the Seventies
24 Nights
Unplugged
Crossroads 2: Live in the Seventies
One More Car, One More Rider
Live in San Diego
Compilations
The History of Eric Clapton
Eric Clapton at His Best
Clapton
Steppin' Out
Timepieces: The Best of Eric Clapton
Backtrackin'
The Cream of Eric Clapton
Crossroads
Story
The Cream of Clapton
Blues
Clapton Chronicles: The Best of Eric Clapton
Complete Clapton
Forever Man
Singles
"After Midnight" / "Easy Now"
"Blues Power" / "Bottle of Red Wine"
"Let It Rain"
"I Shot the Sheriff" / "Give Me Strength"
"Willie and the Hand Jive"
"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"
"Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
"Hello Old Friend"
"Carnival"
"Lay Down Sally" / "Cocaine"
"Wonderful Tonight"
"Tulsa Time"
"Promises" / "Watch Out for Lucy"
"Early in the Morning (Live)"
"I Can't Stand It"
"I've Got a Rock 'n' Roll Heart"
"Crosscut Saw"
"Forever Man"
"It's in the Way That You Use It"
"Behind the Mask"
"Tearing Us Apart"
"Pretending" / "Before You Accuse Me"
"Hound Dog"
"Bad Love"
"Tears in Heaven" / "White Room (Live)"
"Layla (Acoustic)"
"Down & Out"
"Motherless Child" / "Driftin'"
"Change the World"
"Born in Time"
"Circus"
"My Father's Eyes"
"Pilgrim"
"Blue Eyes Blue"
"(I) Get Lost"
"Come Rain or Come Shine" / "Ten Long Years"
"3 O'Clock Blues"
"Key to the Highway"
"Worried Life Blues"
"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It"
"Every Little Thing" / "No Sympathy"
Soundtracks
Edge of Darkness
Homeboy
Rush
Concert films
Live 1986
The Cream of Eric Clapton
Live in Hyde Park
In Concert: A Benefit for the Crossroads Centre at Antigua
Sessions for Robert J
Crossroads Guitar Festival 2004
Live at Montreux 1986
Crossroads Guitar Festival 2007
Crossroads Guitar Festival 2010
Crossroads Guitar Festival 2013
Planes, Trains and Eric
Slowhand at 70 – Live at the Royal Albert Hall
Collaborations
Riding with the King
The Road to Escondido
Live from Madison Square Garden
Play the Blues: Live from Jazz at Lincoln Center
Crossroads Guitar Festival 2013
The Breeze: An Appreciation of JJ Cale
Tours
Journeyman World Tour
1992 Eric Clapton World Tour
Related
Album discography
Singles discography
Videography
Blackie
Brownie
The Fool
Signature Stratocaster
Crossroads Centre
Crossroads Guitar Festival
Pattie Boyd (wife)
Ferrari SP12 EC
Va Bene
Wonderful Tonight: George Harrison, Eric Clapton, and Me
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Father%27s_Eyes_(song)&oldid=815799844"
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1998 singles
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1998 songs
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British soft rock songs
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The Muffin Man
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see The Muffin Man (disambiguation).
"The Muffin Man"
A muffin man, illustrated in a Punch cartoon from 1892
Nursery rhyme
Published
c. 1820
"The Muffin Man" is a traditional nursery rhyme or children's song of English origin. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7922.
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Origins and meaning
3 Game
4 Notes
Lyrics[edit]
The most widely known lyrics are as follows:
Do [or "Oh, do"] you know the muffin man,
The muffin man, the muffin man,
Do you know the muffin man,
Who lives on Drury Lane?

Yes [or "Oh, yes"], I know the muffin man,
The muffin man, the muffin man,
Yes, I know the muffin man,
Who lives on Drury Lane.[1]
Origins and meaning[edit]
The rhyme was first recorded in a British manuscript circa 1820, that is preserved in the Bodleian Library with lyrics very similar to those used today:
Do you know the muffin man?
The muffin man, the muffin man.
Do you know the muffin man
Who lives in Drury Lane?[1]
Sheet music for Harry King's setting of the song (1889)
Victorian households had many of their fresh foods delivered, such as muffins, which were delivered door-to-door by a muffin man. The "muffin" in question was the bread product known in the United States as English muffins, not the much sweeter cupcake-shaped American variety.[2] Drury Lane is a thoroughfare bordering Covent Garden in London.
The rhyme and game appear to have spread to other countries in the mid-nineteenth century, particularly the US and the Netherlands.[1] As with many traditional songs, there are regional variations in wording. Another popular version substitutes "Dorset Lane" for Drury Lane.[1][3]
In Volume 5 of his contemporary account of the London Prize Ring, Boxiana, published in 1829, Pierce Egan writes of an attempted fix (or "cross") of a match scheduled for October 18, 1825, between Reuben Marten and Jonathan Bissel ("Young Gas"). Young Gas refused to take the bribe and one week later identified the person who offered him £200 to throw the fight as a "Mr. Smith, a muffin-baker in Gray's Inn Lane." Young Gas also identified the "gentlemen" who employed the muffin-baker to act as go between, but those gentlemen denied involvement claiming they did not have "the slightest knowledge of the muffin-man."
Game[edit]
Iona and Peter Opie observed that, although the rhyme had remained fairly consistent, the game associated with it has changed at least three times including: as a forfeit game[clarification needed], a guessing game, and a dancing ring.[1]
London Cries: A Muffin Man by Paul Sandby (c. 1759)
In The Young Lady's Book (1888), Matilda Anne Mackarness described the game as:
The first player turns to the one next her [sic], and to some sing-song tune exclaims:
"Do you know the muffin man? The muffin man, the muffin man.
Do you know the muffin man who lives in Drury Lane?"
The person addressed replies to the same tune:
"Yes, I know the muffin man. The muffin man, the muffin man.
Oh, yes, I know the muffin man, who lives in Drury Lane."
Upon this they both exclaim:
"Then two of us know the muffin man, the muffin man," &c.
No. 2 then turns to No. 3, repeating the same words, who replies in the same way, only saying, "Three of us know the muffin man," &c. No. 3 then turns to No. 4, and so on round the room, the same question and answer being repeated, the chorus only varied by the addition of one more number each time.[4]
Verses beyond those described in the book have been sung. For example, the song may be concluded, "We all know the Muffin Man ..."
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e I. Opie and P. Opie, The Singing Game (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 379-82.
Jump up ^ K. F. Kiple, and K. C. Ornelas, The Cambridge World History of Food (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 1224.
Jump up ^ In the Dutch version of the nursery rhyme, mussels are substituted for muffins. The first line runs: "Zeg ken jij de mosselman". As well, the Dutch version may substitute "Zuiderzee" for Drury Lane.
Jump up ^ Matilda Anne Mackarness The Young Lady's Book: A Manual of Amusements, Exercises, Studies, and Pursuits. (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1888), pp. 278–280.
Children's literature portal
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Nursery rhymes (list)
"A-Tisket, A-Tasket"
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"Did You Ever See a Lassie?"
"Hey Diddle Diddle"
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Clapping
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Counting
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"One, Two, Three, Four, Five"
"This Old Man"
"Tinker, Tailor"
Finger-
plays
"Five Little Monkeys"
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"Itsy Bitsy Spider"
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"Round and Round the Garden"
"This Little Piggy"
"Two Little Dickie Birds"
Games
"London Bridge"
"The Muffin Man"
"Mulberry Bush"
"Oranges and Lemons"
"Ring a Ring o' Roses"
"The Farmer in the Dell"
Riddle
"As I was going to St Ives"
Lullabies
"Hush, Little Baby"
"Rock-a-bye Baby"
Rounds
"Ding Dong Bell"
"Frère Jacques"
"Kookaburra"
"Row, Row, Row Your Boat"
"Scotland's Burning"
"Three Blind Mice"
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List of second moments of area
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The following is a list of second moments of area of some shapes. The second moment of area, also known as area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis. The unit of dimension of the second moment of area is length to fourth power, L4, and should not be confused with the mass moment of inertia. If the piece is thin, however, the mass moment of inertia equals the area density times the area moment of inertia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Second moments of area
2 Parallel axis theorem
3 See also
4 References
Second moments of area[edit]
Description
Figure
Area moment of inertia
Comment
A filled circular area of radius r I x = π 4 r 4 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {\pi }{4}}r^{4}}

I y = π 4 r 4 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi }{4}}r^{4}}

I z = π 2 r 4 {\displaystyle I_{z}={\frac {\pi }{2}}r^{4}} [1] I z {\displaystyle I_{z}} is the Polar moment of inertia.
An annulus of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 I x = π 4 ( r 2 4 − r 1 4 ) {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {\pi }{4}}\left({r_{2}}^{4}-{r_{1}}^{4}\right)}

I y = π 4 ( r 2 4 − r 1 4 ) {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi }{4}}\left({r_{2}}^{4}-{r_{1}}^{4}\right)}

I z = π 2 ( r 2 4 − r 1 4 ) {\displaystyle I_{z}={\frac {\pi }{2}}\left({r_{2}}^{4}-{r_{1}}^{4}\right)} For thin tubes, r ≡ r 1 ≈ r 2 {\displaystyle r\equiv r_{1}\approx r_{2}} and r 2 ≡ r 1 + t {\displaystyle r_{2}\equiv r_{1}+t} . So, for a thin tube, I x = I y ≈ π r 3 t {\displaystyle I_{x}=I_{y}\approx \pi {r}^{3}{t}} .

I z {\displaystyle I_{z}} is the Polar moment of inertia.
A filled circular sector of angle θ in radians and radius r with respect to an axis through the centroid of the sector and the center of the circle I x = ( θ − sin  θ ) r 4 8 {\displaystyle I_{x}=\left(\theta -\sin \theta \right){\frac {r^{4}}{8}}} This formula is valid only for 0 ≤ θ {\displaystyle \theta } ≤ π {\displaystyle \pi }
A filled semicircle with radius r with respect to a horizontal line passing through the centroid of the area I x = ( π 8 − 8 9 π ) r 4 ≈ 0.1098 r 4 {\displaystyle I_{x}=\left({\frac {\pi }{8}}-{\frac {8}{9\pi }}\right)r^{4}\approx 0.1098r^{4}}

I y = π r 4 8 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi r^{4}}{8}}} [2]
A filled semicircle as above but with respect to an axis collinear with the base I x = π r 4 8 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {\pi r^{4}}{8}}}

I y = π r 4 8 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi r^{4}}{8}}} [2] I x {\displaystyle I_{x}} : This is a consequence of the parallel axis theorem and the fact that the distance between the x axes of the previous one and this one is 4 r 3 π {\displaystyle {\frac {4r}{3\pi }}}
A filled quarter circle with radius r with the axes passing through the bases I x = π r 4 16 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {\pi r^{4}}{16}}}

I y = π r 4 16 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi r^{4}}{16}}} [3]
A filled quarter circle with radius r with the axes passing through the centroid I x = ( π 16 − 4 9 π ) r 4 ≈ 0.0549 r 4 {\displaystyle I_{x}=\left({\frac {\pi }{16}}-{\frac {4}{9\pi }}\right)r^{4}\approx 0.0549r^{4}}

I y = ( π 16 − 4 9 π ) r 4 ≈ 0.0549 r 4 {\displaystyle I_{y}=\left({\frac {\pi }{16}}-{\frac {4}{9\pi }}\right)r^{4}\approx 0.0549r^{4}} [3] This is a consequence of the parallel axis theorem and the fact that the distance between these two axes is 4 r 3 π {\displaystyle {\frac {4r}{3\pi }}}
A filled ellipse whose radius along the x-axis is a and whose radius along the y-axis is b I x = π 4 a b 3 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {\pi }{4}}ab^{3}}

I y = π 4 a 3 b {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi }{4}}a^{3}b}
A filled rectangular area with a base width of b and height h I x = b h 3 12 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {bh^{3}}{12}}}

I y = b 3 h 12 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {b^{3}h}{12}}} [4]
A filled rectangular area as above but with respect to an axis collinear with the base I x = b h 3 3 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {bh^{3}}{3}}}

I y = b 3 h 3 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {b^{3}h}{3}}} [4] This is a result from the parallel axis theorem
A filled triangular area with a base width of b and height h with respect to an axis through the centroid I x = b h 3 36 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {bh^{3}}{36}}}

I y = b 3 h 36 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {b^{3}h}{36}}} [5]
A filled triangular area as above but with respect to an axis collinear with the base I x = b h 3 12 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {bh^{3}}{12}}}

I y = b 3 h 12 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {b^{3}h}{12}}} [5] This is a consequence of the parallel axis theorem
An equal legged angle, commonly found in engineering applications I x = I y = t ( 5 L 2 − 5 L t + t 2 ) ( L 2 − L t + t 2 ) 12 ( 2 L − t ) {\displaystyle I_{x}=I_{y}={\frac {t(5L^{2}-5Lt+t^{2})(L^{2}-Lt+t^{2})}{12(2L-t)}}}

I ( x y ) = L 2 t ( L − t ) 2 4 ( t − 2 L ) {\displaystyle I_{(xy)}={\frac {L^{2}t(L-t)^{2}}{4(t-2L)}}}

I a = t ( 2 L − t ) ( 2 L 2 − 2 L t + t 2 ) 12 {\displaystyle I_{a}={\frac {t(2L-t)(2L^{2}-2Lt+t^{2})}{12}}}

I b = t ( 2 L 4 − 4 L 3 t + 8 L 2 t 2 − 6 L t 3 + t 4 ) 12 ( 2 L − t ) {\displaystyle I_{b}={\frac {t(2L^{4}-4L^{3}t+8L^{2}t^{2}-6Lt^{3}+t^{4})}{12(2L-t)}}} I ( x y ) {\displaystyle I_{(xy)}} is the often unused product of inertia, used to define inertia with a rotated axis
A filled regular hexagon with a side length of a I x = 5 3 16 a 4 {\displaystyle I_{x}={\frac {5{\sqrt {3}}}{16}}a^{4}}

I y = 5 3 16 a 4 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {5{\sqrt {3}}}{16}}a^{4}} The result is valid for both a horizontal and a vertical axis through the centroid, and therefore is also valid for an axis with arbitrary direction that passes through the origin.
Parallel axis theorem[edit]
Main article: Parallel axis theorem
The parallel axis theorem can be used to determine the second moment of area of a rigid body about any axis, given the body's moment of inertia about a parallel axis through the object's center of mass and the perpendicular distance (d) between the axes.
I x ′ = I x + A d 2 {\displaystyle I_{x'}=I_{x}+Ad^{2}}
See also[edit]
List of moments of inertia
List of centroids
Polar moment of inertia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Circle". eFunda. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Circular Half". eFunda. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Quarter Circle". eFunda. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rectangular area". eFunda. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Triangular area". eFunda. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_second_moments_of_area&oldid=805204051"
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text:
The Judge (2014 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Judge
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
David Dobkin
Produced by
Susan Downey
David Gambino
David Dobkin
Screenplay by
Nick Schenk
Bill Dubuque
Story by
Nick Schenk
David Dobkin
Starring
Robert Downey Jr.
Robert Duvall
Vera Farmiga
Vincent D'Onofrio
Jeremy Strong
Dax Shepard
Leighton Meester
Billy Bob Thornton
Music by
Thomas Newman
Cinematography
Janusz Kamiński
Edited by
Mark Livolsi
Production
companies
Village Roadshow Pictures
RatPac-Dune Entertainment
Team Downey
Big Kid Pictures
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date
September 4, 2014 (2014-09-04) (TIFF)
October 10, 2014 (2014-10-10) (United States)
Running time
141 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$50 million[2]
Box office
$84.4 million[2]
The Judge is a 2014 American legal drama film directed by David Dobkin.[3] The film stars Robert Downey Jr, Robert Duvall, Vera Farmiga, Vincent D'Onofrio, Jeremy Strong, Dax Shepard, and Billy Bob Thornton.[3] The film was released in the United States on October 10, 2014. It received mixed reviews; critics praised the performances of Duvall and Downey as well as Thomas Newman's score, but criticized the formulaic nature of its script and the lack of development for its supporting characters.
Duvall received multiple award nominations for his performance as Judge Joseph Palmer, including the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor. Thomas Newman also received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Original Score.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Music
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Hank Palmer (Robert Downey Jr.) is a successful defense attorney in Chicago who has been estranged from his family in a small town in Indiana for some time. While in court, he receives a call telling him his mother has died. As he leaves to fly to his hometown of Carlinville, it is revealed that Hank is going through a divorce (due to his wife's infidelity) and custody battle for his young daughter.
In Carlinville, Hank reunites with his older brother Glen (Vincent D'Onofrio), owner of a tire shop, and his younger brother Dale (Jeremy Strong), an autistic aspiring filmmaker who carries an old 8mm film camera everywhere he goes. Hank then stops by the small county courthouse, softly enters a courtroom, and sits in the back where he observes a case in progress. The judge is Joseph Palmer (Robert Duvall), Hank's father. When Joseph sees Hank for the first time in many years, at the funeral, he is treating guests with kindness but acknowledges his son coldly.
The next morning, Hank notices damage to his father's Cadillac Coupe DeVille as he is preparing to leave. Upon seeing the damage, Joseph denies knowing how it happened; but Hank believes his father was drinking and driving and damaged his own car. After a heated exchange, Hank leaves, promising never to return. But after boarding his plane, Hank learns that Joseph is being questioned by police with regard to a fatal hit and run. The victim is identified as Mark Blackwell (Mark Kiely), a recently released convicted murderer whose crimes, before the killing, Joseph had treated with leniency.
After Blackwell's blood is found on the car, Joseph is soon indicted, with prosecutor Dwight Dickham (Billy Bob Thornton) seeking a conviction for first-degree murder. Hank agrees to defend Joseph and learns that his father was undergoing chemotherapy. This explains Joseph's inability to remember the accident and provides a potential diminished capacity defense, but Joseph rejects any such defense because of the potential damage it would do to his legacy. During the trial Hank and Joseph confront their bitterness with each other, dating back to a teenage drunk driving accident in which Hank was driving and Glen was injured – ending the latter's potential for a career in professional baseball. Joseph saw to it that Hank was sent to a youth detention center, and Hank left Carlinville after never receiving acknowledgement from Joseph for turning his life around.
Hank also reconnects with his old girlfriend Sam (Vera Farmiga), whom he abandoned after going to a Metallica concert more than 20 years ago. He discovers that Sam has a daughter, Carla (Leighton Meester), born nine months after he left, and deals with his concern that he is Carla's father (although it is later revealed that Glen is the actual father).
At trial, Hank believes he has established enough reasonable doubt in the case to result in an acquittal. But Joseph sabotages the case by testifying that although he still cannot remember the accident, he has come to believe that he probably did kill Blackwell intentionally. Joseph confesses on the stand that he was personally haunted by Blackwell's case, having seen Hank in Blackwell, and wanting to help him like he would his son. Having misread Blackwell, Joseph afterward saw him in Hank.
Joseph is acquitted of murder but convicted of voluntary manslaughter and sentenced to four years in prison, though he is released on compassionate parole after seven months (per Dickham's request), his cancer being terminal. He and Hank go fishing. After acknowledging Hank as the best lawyer he knows, Joseph dies peacefully in the boat. Hank, having made peace with his father, returns to the courtroom Joseph once reigned over, and spins the judge's chair, where it ominously stops, pointed at him.
Cast[edit]
Robert Downey Jr. as Henry "Hank" Palmer
Robert Duvall as Judge Joseph Palmer
Vera Farmiga as Samantha "Sam" Powell
Vincent D'Onofrio as Glen Palmer
Jeremy Strong as Dale Palmer
Billy Bob Thornton as Dwight Dickham
Sarah Lancaster as Lisa Palmer
David Krumholtz as Mike Kattan
Emma Tremblay as Lauren Palmer
Ken Howard as Judge Warren
Leighton Meester as Carla Powell
Dax Shepard as Attorney C.P. Kennedy
Denis O'Hare as Doc Morris
Frank L. Ridley as Jury Foreman
Mark Kiely as Mark Blackwell
Jeremy Holm as Redneck
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The film was executive produced by Steven Mnuchin. The script was originally written by Nick Schenk. In March 2011, the script was to be rewritten by David Seidler.[4] In April 2013, Bill Dubuque was enlisted to rewrite it.[5] The casting of Robert Duvall, Vincent D'Onofrio,[6] Vera Farmiga,[7] and Dax Shepard was reported in March 2013.[8] The studios had expressed an interest in Jack Nicholson playing Joseph, but Nicholson turned down the role and it was given to Duvall.[9][10][11] Meester joined the cast in April 2013.[12]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography started on May 31, 2013 in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts.[13] Shooting also took place in Attleboro, Belmont, Dedham, Sunderland, and Waltham, Massachusetts. Scenes also were filmed in Pennsylvania and Worcester, Massachusetts.[14][15] The film is set in the fictional town of Carlinville, Indiana.[16]
Music[edit]
On February 27, 2014, Thomas Newman was hired to compose the music for the film.[17] WaterTower Music released a soundtrack album on October 7, 2014.[18] The film's closing titles feature Willie Nelson's version of the Coldplay song "The Scientist", and Bon Iver's song "Holocene" is also featured prominently in the film.
Release[edit]
The film was shown at the opening night of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 4, 2014.[19] It was premiered in Los Angeles on October 1, 2014 at the Beverly Hills' Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[20] The film was released on October 10, 2014 in the United States.[21]
Box office[edit]
The Judge grossed $47.1 million in North America and $37.3 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $84.4 million, against a budget of $50 million.[2]
In North America, the film grossed $13.1 million in its opening weekend from 3,003 theaters (a per theater average of $4,368), finishing 5th at the box office. The biggest markets in other territories were Russia, Italy and Mexico, where the film grossed $4.4 million, $2.99 million and $2.84 million, respectively.[22]
Critical response[edit]
The Judge received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes, the review aggregator website, gave the film a rating of 47%, based on 184 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's consensus reads, "Solidly cast and beautifully filmed but thoroughly clichéd, The Judge seems destined to preside over a large jurisdiction of the basic cable afternoon-viewing circuit."[23] Metacritic gave the film a score of 48 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[25]
Film critic Richard Roeper gave the film a "C" rating, saying that it was "surprising how little we care about these characters."[26]
Geoffrey Macnab of The Independent wrote, "For all its contrivances and occasional lapses into On Golden Pond-style mawkishness, this is a richly crafted yarn that boasts barnstorming, if very showy performances from Duvall and Downey Jr."[27] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave a mixed to positive review, writing, "There are plenty of emotional fireworks in this big, soupy but entertaining picture, which is obvious Oscar bait."[28] Entertainment Weekly critic Chris Nashawaty gave the film a "B" rating, and stated, "I don't expect The Judge to usher in a new era of legal thrillers, but I'm happy to see Downey leave the Marvel universe and Baker Street behind."[29]
Accolades[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Year
Award / Film Festival
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
2014 Hollywood Music in Media Awards Best Original Score – Feature Film Thomas Newman Nominated
Mill Valley Film Festival Best U.S. Feature Film The Judge (David Dobkin) 2nd Place
Heartland Film Festival Truly Moving Picture Won
18th Hollywood Film Awards Supporting Actor of the Year Robert Duvall Won
2015
87th Academy Awards Best Supporting Actor Nominated
72nd Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Nominated
21st Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated
20th Critics' Choice Awards Best Supporting Actor Nominated
19th Satellite Awards Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Nominated
Best Original Score Thomas Newman Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE JUDGE (15)". Warner Bros. British Board of Film Classification. August 22, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Judge (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Judge". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "WB taps David Seidler for 'The Judge'". Variety. March 23, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (April 4, 2012). "Warner Bros 'The Judge' Collars Scribe Bill Dubuque To Script Robert Downey Jr-Starrer". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Vincent D'Onofrio Joins Warner Bros' 'The Judge'". Deadline.com. March 14, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (March 20, 2013). "Vera Farmiga Sets Sights on 'The Judge'". Variety. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Yamato, Jen (March 20, 2013). "Dax Shepard Joins WB's 'The Judge'". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (November 13, 2012). "Jack Nicholson Courted to Play Robert Downey Jr.'s Father". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (March 13, 2013). "Robert Duvall Joins Robert Downey Jr. in 'The Judge'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (March 15, 2013). "Billy Bob Thornton to Prosecute Robert Duvall in 'The Judge' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (April 3, 2013). "'Gossip Girl' Star Leighton Meester Joins Robert Downey Jr. in 'The Judge'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Broncaccio, Diane (May 30, 2013). "Shooting for Robert Downey Jr. film 'The Judge' starts Friday in Shelburne Falls". Daily Hampshire Gazette. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Christine (June 6, 2013). "Updated filming locations for 'The Judge', starring Robert Downey Jr., in Shelburne Falls, MA". On Location Vacations. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Robert Downey Jr. and crew from 'The Judge' make stop at Smiarowski Farm Stand in Sunderland". Masslive.com. June 12, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Contrada, Fred (June 6, 2011). "Robert Downey Jr., Robert Duvall, Vincent D'Onofrio in Shelburne Falls as village is transformed into movie set for 'The Judge'". Massive.com. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Newman to Score 'The Judge' and James Brown Biopic 'Get On Up'". Film Music Reporter. February 27, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'The Judge' Soundtrack Details". Film Music Reporter. September 26, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Pond, Steve (July 25, 2014). "Robert Downey Jr. Drama 'The Judge' to Open Toronto Film Festival". TheWrap. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (October 2, 2014). "Robert Downey Jr., Robert Duvall Celebrate at 'The Judge' L.A. Premiere". Variety. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (July 31, 2013). "Robert Downey Jr.'s 'The Judge' Gets a Fall 2014 Release". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Judge – International Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Judge (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Judge Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bowles, Scott (October 13, 2014). "Monday Box Office: 'Gone Girl' Cements Week 2 Crown, Next Faces Pitt's 'Fury'". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ Roeper, Richard. "The Judge (2014)". Richard Roeper & The Movies. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Macnab, Geoffrey (October 16, 2014). "The Judge, film review: Hot-shot actors Duvall and Downey Jr make a compelling case". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Bradshaw, Peter (October 16, 2014). "The Judge review – part family drama, part courtroom gripper". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Nashawaty, Chris (October 16, 2014). "Movies – The Judge". Entertainment Weekly.
External links[edit]
The Judge on IMDb
The Judge at Box Office Mojo
[hide]
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Clay Pigeons (1998)
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The Judge (2014)
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