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List of Governors of California
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Jerry Brown, 34th and the current 39th Governor of California.
The Governor of California is the chief executive of the California state government, whose responsibilities include making annual State of the State addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
There have been 38 governors; many have been influential nationwide in areas far-flung from politics. Leland Stanford founded Stanford University in 1891. Earl Warren, later Chief Justice of the United States, won an election with the nominations of the three major parties – the only person ever to run essentially unopposed for governor of California. Ronald Reagan, who was president of the Screen Actors Guild and later President of the United States, and Arnold Schwarzenegger both came to prominence through acting. Gray Davis, the 37th governor of California, was the second governor in American history to be recalled by voters. The shortest tenure was that of Milton Latham, who served only five days before being elected by the legislature to fill a vacant United States Senate seat. The longest tenure is that of the current governor, Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr., who previously served as governor from 1975 to 1983 and has been serving again since 2011. He is the son of former governor Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown, Sr. who served from 1959-1967.
Contents
[hide]
1 Governors
2 Living former governors of California
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Governors[edit]
For the governors prior to statehood, see the List of Governors of California before admission.
California was obtained by the United States in the Mexican Cession following the Mexican–American War. Unlike most other states, it was never organized as a territory, and was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850.
The original California Constitution of 1849 called for elections every two years, with no set start date for the term. An amendment ratified in 1862 increased the term to four years,[1] and the 1879 constitution set the term to begin on the first Monday in January following an election. In 1990, Proposition 140 led to a constitutional amendment[2] implementing a term limit of two terms;[3] prior to this limit, only one governor, Earl Warren, served more than two terms. Jerry Brown was able to be elected to a third term in 2010 because his previous terms were before the term limit was enacted. The 1849 constitution also created the office of lieutenant governor, who, in cases of vacancy in the office of governor, becomes governor.[4] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.
#
Governor
Term in office
Party
Election
Previous office
Lt. Governor[a]
1
Peter Hardeman Burnett
(1807-11-15)November 15, 1807 – (1895-05-17)May 17, 1895
(Aged 87) December 20, 1849
–
January 9, 1851
Democratic 1849
[b][c] 5th
Supreme Judge of the Provisional Oregon Supreme Court
(1845–1846) John McDougall
2
John McDougall
ca. 1818 – March 30, 1866
(Aged 48) January 9, 1851
–
January 8, 1852
Democratic 1st
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1849–1851) David C. Broderick
(acting)
3
John Bigler
January 8, 1805 – November 29, 1871
(Aged 66) January 8, 1852
–
January 9, 1856
Democratic 1851 2nd
Speaker of the California Assembly
(1850–1851) Samuel Purdy
1853
4
J. Neely Johnson
August 2, 1825 – August 31, 1872
(Aged 47) January 9, 1856
–
January 8, 1858
American 1855 California State Assemblyman
(1852–1856) Robert M. Anderson
5
John B. Weller
February 22, 1812 – August 17, 1875
(Aged 63) January 8, 1858
–
January 9, 1860
Democratic 1857 U.S. Senator from California
(1852–1857) John Walkup
6
Milton Latham
May 23, 1827 – March 4, 1882
(Aged 54) January 9, 1860
–
January 14, 1860
Democratic 1859
[d] U.S. Representative for California's At-large
(1853–1855) John G. Downey
7
John G. Downey
June 24, 1827 – March 1, 1894
(Aged 66) January 14, 1860
–
January 10, 1862
Democratic 6th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1860) Isaac N. Quinn
(acting)
(resigned January 7, 1861)
Pablo de la Guerra
(acting)
8
Leland Stanford
March 9, 1824 – June 21, 1893
(Aged 69) January 10, 1862
–
December 10, 1863
Republican 1861 1st
President of Central Pacific Railroad
(1861–1893) John F. Chellis
9
Frederick Low
June 30, 1828 – July 21, 1894
(Aged 66) December 10, 1863
–
December 5, 1867
Republican 1863
[e] U.S. Representative for California's At-large
(1862–1863) Tim N. Machin
10
Henry Huntly Haight
May 20, 1825 – September 2, 1878
(Aged 53) December 5, 1867
–
December 8, 1871
Democratic 1867 None William Holden
11
Newton Booth
December 30, 1825 – July 14, 1892
(Aged 66) December 8, 1871
–
February 27, 1875
Republican 1871
[f] California State Senator
(1863) Romualdo Pacheco
12
Romualdo Pacheco
October 31, 1831 – January 23, 1899
(Aged 67) February 27, 1875
–
December 9, 1875
Republican 9th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1871–1875) William Irwin
(acting)
13
William Irwin
ca. 1827 – March 15, 1886
(Aged 58–59) December 9, 1875
–
January 8, 1880
Democratic 1875 Acting
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1875) James A. Johnson
14
George Clement Perkins
August 23, 1839 – February 26, 1923
(Aged 83) January 8, 1880
–
January 10, 1883
Republican 1879 California State Senator
(1869–1876) John Mansfield
15
George Stoneman
August 8, 1822 – September 5, 1894
(Aged 72) January 10, 1883
–
January 8, 1887
Democratic 1882 Major General of the Union Army
(since 1861) John Daggett
16
Washington Bartlett
February 29, 1824 – September 12, 1887
(Aged 63) January 8, 1887
–
September 12, 1887 Democratic 1886
[g] 20th
Mayor of San Francisco
(1883–1887) Robert Waterman
17
Robert Waterman
December 15, 1826 – April 12, 1891
(Aged 64) September 12, 1887
–
January 8, 1891
Republican 17th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1887) Stephen M. White[h]
(acting)
18
Henry Markham
November 16, 1840 – October 9, 1923
(Aged 82) January 8, 1891
–
January 11, 1895
Republican 1890 U.S. Representative for California's 1st
(1885–1887) John B. Reddick
19
James Budd
May 18, 1851 – July 30, 1908
(Aged 57) January 11, 1895
–
January 4, 1899
Democratic 1894 U.S. Representative for California's 2nd
(1883–1885) Spencer G. Millard[i]
(died October 24, 1895)
William T. Jeter
20
Henry Gage
December 25, 1852 – August 28, 1924
(Aged 71) January 4, 1899
–
January 7, 1903
Republican 1898 Federal prosecutor
(since 1891) Jacob H. Neff
21
George Pardee
July 25, 1857 – September 1, 1941
(Aged 84) January 7, 1903
–
January 9, 1907
Republican 1902 29th
Mayor of Oakland
(1893–1895) Alden Anderson
22
James Gillett
September 20, 1860 – April 20, 1937
(Aged 76) January 9, 1907
–
January 3, 1911
Republican 1906 U.S. Representative for California's 1st
(1903–1906) Warren R. Porter
23
Hiram Johnson
September 2, 1866 – August 6, 1945
(Aged 78) January 3, 1911
–
March 15, 1917
Republican 1910 Assistant District attorney of California
(1902–1910) A.J. Wallace
Progressive 1914
[j] John M. Eshleman
(died February 28, 1916)
Vacant
William Stephens[i]
(took office July 22, 1916)
24
William Stephens
December 26, 1859 – April 25, 1944
(Aged 84) March 15, 1917
–
January 8, 1923
Republican 27th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1916–1917) Vacant
1918 C.C. Young
25
Friend Richardson
December 1, 1865 – September 6, 1943
(Aged 77) January 9, 1923
–
January 4, 1927
Republican 1922 21st
California State Treasurer
(1915–1923)
26
C.C. Young
April 28, 1869 – December 24, 1947
(Aged 78) January 4, 1927
–
January 6, 1931
Republican 1926 29th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1919–1927) Buron Fitts
(resigned November 30, 1928)
Vacant
H. L. Carnahan
(appointed December 4, 1928)
27
James Rolph
August 23, 1869 – June 2, 1934
(Aged 64) January 6, 1931
–
June 2, 1934 Republican 1930
[k] 30th
Mayor of San Francisco
(1912–1931) Frank Merriam
28
Frank Merriam
December 22, 1865 – April 25, 1955
(Aged 89) June 2, 1934
–
January 2, 1939
Republican 31st
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1931–1934) Vacant
1934 George J. Hatfield
29
Culbert Olson
November 7, 1876 – April 13, 1962
(Aged 85) January 2, 1939
–
January 4, 1943
Democratic 1938 California State Senator
(1934–1938) Ellis E. Patterson
30
Earl Warren
March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974
(Aged 83) January 4, 1943
–
October 5, 1953
Republican[l] 1942 20th
Attorney General of California
(1939–1943) Frederick Houser
1946 Goodwin Knight
1950
[m]
31
Goodwin Knight
December 9, 1896 – May 22, 1970
(Aged 73) October 5, 1953
–
January 5, 1959
Republican 35th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1947–1953) Harold J. Powers
1954
32
Pat Brown
April 21, 1905 – February 16, 1996
(Aged 90) January 5, 1959
–
January 2, 1967
Democratic 1958 23rd
Attorney General of California
(1951–1959) Glenn M. Anderson
1962
33
Ronald Reagan
February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004
(Aged 93) January 2, 1967
–
January 6, 1975
Republican 1966 9th and 13th
President of the Screen Actors Guild
(1947–1952; 1959–1960) Robert Finch
(resigned January 8, 1969)
Edwin Reinecke
(resigned October 2, 1974)
1970
John L. Harmer
34
Jerry Brown
(1938-04-07) April 7, 1938 (age 79) January 6, 1975
–
January 3, 1983
Democratic 1974 24th
Secretary of State of California
(1971–1975) Mervyn M. Dymally
1978 Michael Curb[i]
35
George Deukmejian
(1928-06-06) June 6, 1928 (age 89) January 3, 1983
–
January 7, 1991
Republican 1982 27th
Attorney General of California
(1979–1983) Leo T. McCarthy[h]
1986
36
Pete Wilson
(1933-08-23) August 23, 1933 (age 84) January 7, 1991
–
January 4, 1999
Republican 1990 U.S. Senator from California
(1983–1991)
1994 Gray Davis[h]
37
Gray Davis
(1942-12-26) December 26, 1942 (age 74) January 4, 1999
–
November 17, 2003 Democratic 1998 44th
Lieutenant Governor of California
(1995–1999) Cruz Bustamante[h]
2002
[n]
38
Arnold Schwarzenegger
(1947-07-30) July 30, 1947 (age 70) November 17, 2003
–
January 3, 2011
Republican Chair of the President's Council on Fitness and Sports
(1990–1993)
2006 John Garamendi[h]
(resigned November 3, 2009)
Mona Pasquil[h]
(acting)
Abel Maldonado[i][o]
(appointed April 27, 2010)
39
Jerry Brown
(1938-04-07) April 7, 1938 (age 79) January 3, 2011
–
Incumbent Democratic 2010 31st
Attorney General of California
(2007–2011)
34th Governor of California
(1975–1983)
Gavin Newsom[o]
(took office January 10, 2011)
2014
[p]
Living former governors of California[edit]
There are four former governors of California who are currently alive, the oldest being George Deukmejian, born 1928. The most recent death of a former governor was that of Ronald Reagan (served 1967–1975, born 1911) on June 5, 2004. Jerry Brown, who served as governor from 1975 to 1983, is currently serving and thus is not included on this list.
Governor
Years in office
Date of birth (and age)
George Deukmejian 1983–1991 (1928-06-06) June 6, 1928 (age 89)
Pete Wilson 1991–1999 (1933-08-23) August 23, 1933 (age 84)
Gray Davis 1999–2003 (1942-12-26) December 26, 1942 (age 74)
Arnold Schwarzenegger 2003–2011 (1947-07-30) July 30, 1947 (age 70)
See also[edit]
California portal
List of Governors of California before admission
List of Governors of California by age
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
Jump up ^ A civilian government was formed in late 1849 prior to official statehood, and operated as the state government for ten months before official statehood was granted.[5]
Jump up ^ Burnett resigned, citing personal reasons; he was reportedly unhappy with the legislature, and wanted more time to manage his business.[6] As lieutenant governor, McDougall succeeded him.
Jump up ^ Latham resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Downey succeeded him.
Jump up ^ Terms were lengthened from two to four years beginning with this term.
Jump up ^ Booth resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Pacheco succeeded him.
Jump up ^ Bartlett died in office; as lieutenant governor, Waterman succeeded him.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Represented the Democratic Party (United States).
^ Jump up to: a b c d Represented the Republican Party (United States).
Jump up ^ Johnson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Stephens succeeded him.
Jump up ^ Rolph died in office; as lieutenant governor, Merriam succeeded him.
Jump up ^ Warren ran as a Republican for his first and third terms. For his second term, he won the nomination of the Republican, Democratic, and Progressive parties.
Jump up ^ Warren resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States; as lieutenant governor, Knight succeeded him.
Jump up ^ Davis was recalled and Schwarzenegger chosen to replace him in a special recall election.[7]
^ Jump up to: a b Newsom delayed his swearing in as lieutenant governor until January 10, 2011, to remain mayor of San Francisco; Maldonado stayed on as lieutenant governor until then.[8]
Jump up ^ Governor Brown's fourth term expires on January 7, 2019; he will be term limited.
References[edit]
General
"Governors of California". California State Library. Official Site of the State of California. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
"California: Past Governors Bios". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
"Chronology of California's Lieutenant Governors". Office of the Lieutenant Governor. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
JoinCalifornia.com - Dates of birth and death for Governors
Constitutions
"Constitution of the State of California". Legislative Counsel of California. 1879. Retrieved July 20, 2008.
"Constitution of the State of California". California Secretary of State. 1849. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
Specific
Jump up ^ Henning, W.F. (1899). Constitution of the State of California. C.W. Palm Company. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ "California Ballot Propositions 1990-1999". Los Angeles County Law Library. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ CA Const. art. V, § 2
Jump up ^ CA Const. art. V, § 10
Jump up ^ "Peter Hardeman Burnett". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Durham, Walter T. (1997). Volunteer Forty-niners: Tennesseans and the California Gold Rush. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8265-1298-4. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Statewide Special Election". California Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
Jump up ^ Upton Oot, John (January 7, 2011). "Newsom's Dual Role Raises Legal Quandary". The Bay Citizen. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Governors of California.
Office of the Governor of California
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Prime Minister of South Korea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Prime Minister of the
Republic of Korea
대한민국 국무총리
Prime ministerial standard
Prime ministerial emblem
Incumbent
Lee Nak-yeon
since 31 May 2017
Style
Prime Minister (총리님)
(informal)
Member of
State Council
National Security Council
Appointer
President of South Korea
(Subject to the National Assembly's approval)
Term length
No fixed term
Constituting instrument
Constitution of South Korea
Inaugural holder
Lee Beom-seok
Formation
July 31, 1948; 69 years ago (1948-07-31)
Website
(in English) pmo.go.kr/
(in Korean) pmo.go.kr/
South Korea
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
the Republic of Korea
Constitution
Government[show]
President (list)
Moon Jae-in
Prime Minister (list)
Lee Nak-yeon
Deputy Prime Minister
Kim Dong-yeon
Kim Sang-gon
State Council
Presidential Secretariat
National Assembly[show]
Speaker
Chung Sye-kyun
List of members
Judiciary[show]
Constitutional Court
President: Kim Yi-Su
Supreme Court
Chief Justice: Yang Sung-tae
Elections[show]
National Election Commission
Recent elections
Presidential: 2007
2012
2017
Legislative: 2008
2012
2016
2020
Local: 2006
2010
2014
2018
By-elections: 2011
Political parties
Democratic
Liberty Korea Party
Bareun
People's
Justice
Related topics[show]
Korean reunification
Korean conflict
Sunshine Policy
Administrative divisions
Human rights
Foreign relations
Other countries
Atlas
v
t
e
Prime Minister of South Korea
Hangul
국무총리
Hanja
國務總理
Revised Romanization
Gungmuchongni
McCune–Reischauer
Kungmuch'ongni
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (국무총리 / 國務總理, Gungmuchongni) is appointed by the President of South Korea, with the National Assembly's approval. The officeholder is not required to be a member of the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is not the head of government but rather serves in a role similar to that of a vice president.
Contents
[hide]
1 Nomenclature
2 History
3 Functions
4 Lists of Prime Ministers of South Korea
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Nomenclature[edit]
The Sino-Korean word gungmu (국무/國務) means "state affairs" and chongni (총리/總理) means "prime minister", "premier" or "chancellor", so the full title in Korean means literally "Prime Minister for State Affairs", but it is not used as official English title. The short title in Korean is just Chongni.
History[edit]
The position was created on 31 July 1948, two weeks before the government of South Korea was founded, and was held by Lee Beom-seok until 1950. The title was Chief Cabinet Minister from 1961 until 1963.
On 27 April 2014, Prime Minister Chung Hong-won announced his desire to resign.[1] However, due to unsuccessful nominations, Chung remained in office until February 2015.
On 23 January 2015, President Park Geun-hye named Saenuri's Floor Leader Lee Wan-koo as the new Prime Minister. Lee was confirmed by the National Assembly as Prime Minister on 16 February 2015.[2] However, on April 20 of the same year, he offered his resignation to the President in the midst of a bribery scandal.[3]
Functions[edit]
The Prime Minister is the principal executive assistant to the President, who is the actual head of government, not the prime minister.[4] The Prime Minister holds the second position after the President in the State Council of South Korea, which is the cabinet. The Prime Minister assists the President by supervising ministries, make recommendations for ministers, and is the Vice-Chairman of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister is the first in the order of succession to discharge the duties of the office of the President as the Acting President should the president be unable to discharge her or his office. The most recent person to have served as Acting President was Hwang Kyo-ahn, during the impeachment of Park Geun-hye in 2016.
A Prime Minister that has been appointed by the President but not yet confirmed by the National Assembly is known as the acting Prime Minister. The term may also be applied to a Prime Minister that has resigned but in the interim remains in office in a caretaker role. The Prime Minister becomes acting president if the President dies, resigns, or is impeached.
The Prime Minister's Office is supported by two deputy prime ministers.[5]
Lists of Prime Ministers of South Korea[edit]
List of Prime Ministers of South Korea
See also[edit]
Prime Minister of Korea (1895–1910; Korean Empire)
List of Korea-related topics
Politics of South Korea
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "S. Korean PM resigns over government response to ferry disaster" AsiaOne. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Parliament endorses PM nominee" Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
Jump up ^ The Associated Press (21 April 2015). "S. Korean PM to resign after 2 months amid bribe scandal". The Yomiuri Shimbun.
Jump up ^ "Government > Executive Branch" Office for Government Policy Coordination Prime Minister's Secretariat.
Jump up ^ "Government > Organization Chart" Office for Government Policy Coordination Prime Minister's Secretariat.
External links[edit]
Prime Minister's Office
South Korea at worldstatesmen.org
[show]
v
t
e
Prime Ministers of South Korea (List)
Lee Beom-seok
Shin Sung-mo
Chang Myon
Heo Jeong
Yi Yun-yong
Chang Taek-sang
Paik Too-chin
Paik Too-chin
Pyon Yong-tae
Paek Han-song
post abolished, 1954–1960
Ho Chong
Chang Myon
Jang Do-young
Song Yo-chan
Park Chung-hee
Kim Hyun-chul
Choi Tu-son
Chung Il-kwon
Paik Too-chin
Kim Jong-pil
Choi Kyu-hah
Choi Kyu-hah
Shin Hyun-hwak
Pak Choong-hoon
Nam Duck-woo
Nam Duck-woo
Yoo Chang-soon
Yoo Chang-soon
Kim Sang-hyup
Kim Sang-hyup
Chin Iee-chong
Chin Iee-chong
Shin Byung-hyun
Lho Shin-yong
Lho Shin-yong
Lee Han-key
Kim Chung-yul
Kim Chung-yul
Lee Hyun-jae
Lee Hyun-jae
Kang Young-hoon
Kang Young-hoon
Ro Jai-bong
Ro Jai-bong
Chung Won-shik
Chung Won-shik
Hyun Soong-jong
Hwang In-sung
Lee Hoi-chang
Lee Yung-dug
Lee Hong-koo
Lee Soo-sung
Goh Kun
Kim Jong-pil
Kim Jong-pil
Park Tae-joon
Lee Han-dong
Lee Han-dong
Chang Sang
Chang Dae-whan
Kim Suk-soo
Kim Suk-soo
Goh Kun
Lee Hae-chan
Han Myeong-sook
Han Duck-soo
Han Seung-soo
Chung Un-chan
Yoon Jeung-hyun
Kim Hwang-sik
Chung Hong-won
Lee Wan-koo
Choi Kyoung-hwan
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Yoo Il-ho
Lee Nak-yeon
Italics indicate acting Prime Ministers; small caps indicate military Prime Ministers
[show]
v
t
e
Leaders of Korea
Italics indicate an acting leader
Korean government-
in-exile (1919–1948)
Syngman Rhee
Yi Dong-nyeong
Park Eun-sik
Park Eun-sik
Yi Yu-pil
Yi Sang-ryong
Yang Gi-tak
Yi Dong-nyeong
Ahn Changho
Yi Dong-nyeong
Hong Jin
Kim Koo
Yi Dong-nyeong
Song Byeong-jo
Yi Dong-nyeong
Kim Koo
Syngman Rhee
Divided Korea
(since 1945)
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea
Supreme Leaders
Kim Il-sung
Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong-un
Heads of state
Kim Tu-bong
Choe Yong-gon
Kim Il-sung
Yang Hyong-sop
Kim Yong-nam
Heads of government
Kim Il-sung
Kim Il
Pak Song-chol
Ri Jong-ok
Kang Song-san
Ri Kun-mo
Yon Hyong-muk
Kang Song-san
Hong Song-nam
Hong Song-nam
Pak Pong-ju
Kim Yong-il
Choe Yong-rim
Pak Pong-ju
Republic of
Korea
Heads of state and
government
Syngman Rhee
Heo Jeong
Kwak Sang-hoon
Baek Nak-jun
Yun Posun
Park Chung-hee
Park Chung-hee
Choi Kyu-hah
Choi Kyu-hah
Pak Choong-hoon
Chun Doo-hwan
Roh Tae-woo
Kim Young-sam
Kim Dae-jung
Roh Moo-hyun
Goh Kun
Roh Moo-hyun
Lee Myung-bak
Park Geun-hye
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Moon Jae-in
[show]
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Friends in Low Places
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the 1965 British novel, see Friends in Low Places (novel).
"Friends in Low Places"
Single by Garth Brooks
from the album No Fences
B-side
"Nobody Gets Off in This Town"
Released
August 6, 1990
Format
CD
7" vinyl single
Recorded
1989
Genre
Country[1]
Length
4:18 (album version)
3:45 (single edit)
Label
Capitol Nashville 44647
Songwriter(s)
Dewayne Blackwell
Earl Bud Lee
Producer(s)
Allen Reynolds
Garth Brooks singles chronology
"The Dance"
(1990) "Friends in Low Places"
(1990) "Unanswered Prayers"
(1990)
"The Dance"
(1990) "Friends in Low Places"
(1990) "Unanswered Prayers"
(1990)
Audio sample
file
help
"Friends in Low Places" is a song performed by American country artist Garth Brooks. It was released on August 6, 1990 as the lead single from his album No Fences. The song spent four weeks at number one on the Hot Country Songs, and won both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association awards for 1990 Single of the Year.
"Friends in Low Places" was written in 1989 by songwriters Dewayne Blackwell and Earl Bud Lee. The two songwriters had given the song to Brooks to record as a demo soon before the release of his self-titled first album, when he was a relatively unknown singer. Enamored with the song, Brooks recorded the official version the next year.
Contents
1 Writing
2 Song structure
3 Brooks's demo
4 Shopping the song to other artists
5 Recording
6 Reception
7 The "third verse"
8 25th anniversary version
9 Track listing
10 Chart positions
10.1 Year-end charts
11 References
12 External links
Writing[edit]
According to Earl Bud Lee, one of the song's co-writers, the idea of the song was born when he and some songwriting friends gathered for lunch one day at Tavern on the Row, a popular Nashville eatery.[2] When the check came, Lee realized he had forgotten his money. He was asked how he was going to pay for the meal, and he replied, "Don't worry. I have friends in low places. I know the cook."[2] Lee and his songwriting partner, Dewayne Blackwell, immediately recognized that the line "friends in low places" had potential, but they didn't act upon it immediately.[2]
Some months later, Lee and Blackwell were at a party, celebrating a recent No. 1 hit by another songwriter. They began to talk about the dormant "friends in low places" idea, and "at that very moment, it all started to come together in a song," Lee said.[3] Because nothing else was available, they wrote the song on paper napkins.[3] When the songwriters polished "Friends in Low Places", they contacted Garth Brooks to see if he would record a demo for them.[3]
Guitarist James Garver would add the name of the bar in the song, "The Oasis", after an establishment in his hometown of Concordia, Kansas.[4]
Song structure[edit]
"Friends in Low Places" is in a moderate tempo and the key of A major. The song begins with arpeggios on the chords A, B♭dim7, Bm7, and Eadd9, a pattern which is repeated throughout the verses. The intro was not originally part of the song, but was improvised by session guitarist Mark Casstevens. The author of the intro has been debated since the arpeggio pattern is seen in many of Blackwell's other songs.[5] The chorus uses A-Bm-E twice before ending on an A chord.[6] An electric guitar solo with pedal steel guitar flourishes is played between the first chorus and second verse.
"Friends in Low Places" requires an unusually wide vocal range spanning over two octaves to be sung properly. The song spans from a low note of E2 to a high of F♯4.
Brooks's demo[edit]
Lee and Blackwell had met Brooks when he was a shoe salesman in a Nashville store, looking for his big break. The two struck up a conversation with the struggling musician, and upon learning his background, they gave him some work making demos of their songs. They were impressed with his voice and talent, but there wasn't much else they could do for him.[3]
When Blackwell contacted Brooks to make the "Friends in Low Places" demo, Brooks explained to Blackwell that he was newly signed to Capitol Records, and that his first single and first album were already scheduled.
The demo of "Friends in Low Places" was recorded at Windwalker Studios, in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. Musicians on the demo were John Beland (of The Flying Burrito Brothers) on acoustic and electric guitars, along with session aces Steve Turner on drums, and bassist Larry Paxton. Frank Green was the recording engineer. The actual master recording of "Friends in Low Places" borrowed quite a lot from the original demo, copying Beland's now famous acoustic guitar intro.
After recording the demo (the last he would ever make),[7] Brooks thanked Lee and Blackwell for all of their help. He then expressed his liking for the song, wishing aloud that he had heard it several weeks earlier, when he was recording his new album.[3]
Shopping the song to other artists[edit]
Brooks provided the following background information on the song in the CD booklet liner notes from The Hits:
""Friends in Low Places" was the last demo session I ever did as a singer. The demo was for Bud Lee and Dewayne Blackwell. I sang the session out in Hendersonville, and for the next two weeks the chorus to this song kept running through my head. I knew it would be a year and a half before the release of No Fences because Garth Brooks was just getting ready to be released. I asked Bud Lee and Dewayne if I could hold on to it and, without a blink of an eye, they both said yes. Putting that kind of faith into an unknown artist is unheard of. Thanks Dewayne and Bud for believing in me." [8]
While Brooks claimed in the liner notes that "Friends in Low Places" was held for him, Mark Chesnutt also recorded it.[3] His version appears on his 1990 debut album Too Cold at Home (released only a month after No Fences), and was the B-side to his late-1991 single "Broken Promise Land".[9]
Recording[edit]
After the success of Brooks's eponymous debut album, he contacted the writers of "Friends in Low Places" to ask if the song was still available, and they said it was.[3] In keeping with the raucous theme, a large contingent of backing vocalists accompanied Brooks as the chorus was repeated until a fadeout. Among the members of the group were Brooks's then-wife, Sandy, and both songwriters, Blackwell and Lee.[7] At one point near the end of the song, one of the musicians opens a beer can, which is picked up by a microphone. When the album was being mastered, the sound of the beer can was originally mistaken for an audio glitch. Later on, one of the crowd members shouts "Push, Marie!" in reference to Garver, who was in the hospital while his wife was giving birth.[5]
Recognizing the song's potential, producer Allen Reynolds, in consultation with Capitol Nashville president Jimmy Bowen, decided that Brooks's rendition was going to be the first single from his new album, No Fences.[10] In July 1990, Brooks's mother, Colleen Carroll, inadvertently leaked the unreleased song to an Oklahoma radio station, setting off a frenzy and forcing the single and album to be rush-released.[11]
Reception[edit]
"Friends in Low Places" first entered the Hot Country Songs on August 18, 1990. It took only eight weeks to reach No. 1, where it remained there for four weeks until it was knocked off by "You Lie" performed by Reba McEntire. It was also one of the biggest hits of the year.[12]
By then, the song was already causing a stir. Brooks told a reporter from USA Today in October 1990, when the song was still at its chart peak, that he had received letters from high school students saying that they wanted to use "Friends in Low Places" as their "class song," only to have it opposed by their principals because the song is about escaping into drinking. Brooks agreed with the principals, saying, "We've had a lot of fun with that song, but it's nothing to base your values on."[13]
In April 1991, Brooks's recording won the 1990 Academy of Country Music award for Single of the Year, and on October 2, 1991, it won the same honor from the Country Music Association.
It made the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart in 1995 as a double-sided reissue hit with "The Dance". The song also appeared on Brooks's 1994 compilation The Hits. In 2003, the song was listed No. 6 on CMT 100 Greatest Songs of Country Music broadcast.[14] and the No. 1 spot on the network's 40 Greatest Drinking Songs: Morning After.[15]
Starting in 2008, "Friends in Low Places" became the traditional sing-along song during the sixth inning at Kansas City Royals home games at Kauffman Stadium. Garth Brooks has recorded dozens of different introductions to be played on the Jumbotron display before the start of the song.
In a 2009 essay on Brooks, Chuck Klosterman reflected on the song's success. Brooks, he argued, had filled a void in popular culture left by Bruce Springsteen during the 1990s:
...[H]e made songs that satisfied all the same needs as Bruce's did, except with a little less sincerity and a little better understanding of who his audience was. "Friends in Low Places" was as effective as pop music ever gets: It's a depressing song that makes you feel better. Singing along with that song was like drunkenly laughing at a rich person and knowing that you were right ... It's a song that makes me want to get drunk out of spite. Garth told stories about blue-collar people who felt good about what their bad life symbolized ...[16]
The "third verse"[edit]
The original version of "Friends in Low Places" has two verses. In 1991, Brooks added a "third verse" to the song in live performances. His spiel leading to the new verse claimed that he thought the song's original verse didn't reflect how he would really act in that situation. It is basically a rewrite of the second verse, with only the last few lines changed, culminating in "Just wait til I finish this glass / Then sweet little lady, I'll head back to the bar / And you can kiss my ass".[17]
25th anniversary version[edit]
In September 2015, it was announced a new version of "Friends in Low Places" would be released on Brooks's 25th anniversary No Fences album. The song would feature George Strait, Jason Aldean, Florida Georgia Line, and Keith Urban singing along with Brooks. The 25th anniversary edition of the album was scrapped over royalty disputes,[18] but the song appeared on Brooks' 2016 The Ultimate Collection[19] box set.
Track listing[edit]
US promotional 7" single Capitol Nashville, 1990
"Friends in Low Places" (Edit) 3:45 7PRO-79216
"Friends in Low Places" (LP Version) 4:18 7PRO-79239
US promotional CD single Capitol Nashville DPRO-79217, 1990
"Friends in Low Places" (Edit) 3:45
"Friends in Low Places" (LP Version) 4:18
US 7" single Capitol Nashville NR-44647, 1990
"Friends in Low Places" (Edited) 3:45
"Nobody Gets Off in This Town" 2:17
US 7" single (live) Liberty S7-57883, 1992
"Friends in Low Places" (Live Version) 7:00
"Thunder Rolls" (Live Version) 4:45
US promotional CD single (live) Liberty DPRO-79365, 1992
"Friends in Low Places" (Live Version) 7:00
"Thunder Rolls" (Live Version) 4:45
UK 7" single Capitol CL 609, 1991
"Friends in Low Places"
"Not Counting You"
UK CD single Capitol CDCL 609, 1991
"Friends in Low Places"
"Not Counting You"
"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)"
The Netherlands CD single Capitol, 1995
"Friends in Low Places"
"The Dance"
"The River" (Live acoustic version)
Chart positions[edit]
"Friends in Low Places" entered the charts on August 18, 1990. It reached number one on October 6 and remained there for four consecutive weeks until it was knocked off by "You Lie" by Reba McEntire.[20]
Chart (1990)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[21] 1
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[22] 89
Irish Singles Chart[23] 3
Scottish Singles Chart[24] 31
UK Singles Chart[25] 36
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[26] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1990)
Position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[27] 4
US Country Songs (Billboard)[28] 28
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (1990-08-27). "No Fences - Garth Brooks". Allmusic. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c Collins, Ace (1996). The Stories Behind Country Music's All-Time Greatest 100 Songs. New York: Boulevard. p. 276. ISBN 1-57297-072-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Collins, Ace. The Stories Behind Country Music's All-Time Greatest 100 Songs. p. 277.
Jump up ^ "On the Road with Green River Ordinance" (PDF). Washburn University Center for Kansas Studies. Fall 2010. p. 6. Retrieved 2011-04-26.
^ Jump up to: a b Bale Cox, Patsi. The Garth Factor: The Career Behind Country's Big Boom. Hachette Digital, Inc.
Jump up ^ ""Friends in Low Places" sheet music". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ Jump up to: a b The Hits (CD booklet). Garth Brooks. Nashville: Liberty. 1994. CDP 7243 8 29289 2 4.
Jump up ^ Garth Brooks - The Hits: transcription from the CD booklet (bar code 7-2438-29689-2-4)
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 92. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ Collins, Ace. The Stories Behind Country Music's All-Time Greatest 100 Songs. p. 278.
Jump up ^ Harbrect, Gene (1990-12-07). "Charting the peaks of country music / Garth Brooks heads for high places". The Orange County Register. p. P-6. Accessed via ProQuest 2007-06-06.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2005). Top Country Songs 1944-2005. Menomonee Falls, Wis.: Record Research. p. 56. ISBN 0-89820-165-9.
Jump up ^ Zimmerman, David (1990-10-16). "Riding high with Garth Brooks / Country singer vaults 'Fences' to stardom". USA Today. p. D1. Accessed via ProQuest, 2007-06-06.
Jump up ^ "CMT's 100 Greatest Songs of Country Music". Retrieved 2007-06-06.
Jump up ^ "CMT's 40 Greatest Drinkin' Songs: Morning After". Retrieved 2007-06-06.
Jump up ^ Klosterman, Chuck (2009). Eating the Dinosaur. New York, NY: Scribner. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-4165-4421-0.
Jump up ^ Randall, Lee (1992). The Garth Brooks Scrapbook. Carol Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8065-1300-3.
Jump up ^ Newman, Melinda. "Garth Brooks's All-Star 'Friends in Low Places' & Album Reissue on Hold Over Royalty Dispute: Exclusive". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks to Cover Randy Travis, Skynyrd on New Box Set - Rolling Stone". rollingstone.com. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
Jump up ^ Planet Garth - The Unofficial Internet Site of Garth Brooks. "Garth Brooks / Garth Brooks | Garth info at PlanetGarth.com". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 1999-02-23. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 1305." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. October 13, 1990. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
Jump up ^ Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
Jump up ^ Jaclyn Ward - Fireball Media Ltd. - http://www.fireballmedia.ie. "The Irish Charts - All there is to know". irishcharts.ie. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company". officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Official Charts Company". officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1990". RPM. December 22, 1990. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
Jump up ^ "Best of 1990: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 1990. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
External links[edit]
"Friends in Low Places" Lyrics (with third verse)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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"Two of a Kind, Workin' on a Full House"
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Scarecrow
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Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Friends_in_Low_Places rootpage-Friends_in_Low_Places skin-vector action-view