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List of highest-scoring NBA games
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McNichols Arena in Denver was the site of the highest-scoring game in NBA history.
Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Phoenix was the site of the highest-scoring playoff game.
In basketball, points are used to keep track of the score in a game. Points can be accumulated by making field goals (worth two points from within the three-point line or three points from beyond the three-point line) or free throws (worth one point).[1] The team that records the most points at the end of a game is declared the game's winner. If the game is still tied at the end of regulation play, additional overtime period(s) are played in order to determine the winner.
Teams only averaged around 80 points per game in the years following the founding of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1946.[2] Before the introduction of the shot clock, teams often ran out the clock by passing the ball more frequently after they established a lead in a game. If one team chose to stall, the other team (especially if behind) would often commit fouls to regain possession. This resulted in very low-scoring games with many fouls, affecting attendance by making fans irritable.[3] Starting in the 1954–55 season, the NBA implemented a 24-second shot clock. If the offensive team fails to hit the rim with the ball within the allotted time, they would lose possession.[4] This innovation resulted in much higher scoring games.[4] All of the highest-scoring games in the NBA have happened during the shot-clock era.
Contents
1 Summary
2 List
2.1 Highest-scoring regular season games
2.2 Highest-scoring playoff games
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Summary[edit]
The highest-scoring regular season game is the triple-overtime game between the Detroit Pistons and the Denver Nuggets on December 13, 1983. The two teams combined to score 370 points, with the Pistons defeating the Nuggets 186–184. An NBA-record four players scored over 40 points in the game, including the Nuggets' Kiki Vandeweghe with a game-high 51. The two teams also set several other NBA records, including the most points scored by one team (186 points), the most points scored by a losing team (184), the most field goals by two teams (142), most field goals by one team (74) and most assists by two teams (93).[5][6]
The highest-scoring regular season game in regulation was between the Golden State Warriors and the Denver Nuggets on November 2, 1990. In that game, Golden State defeated Denver 162–158. The Warriors' Chris Mullin scored a game-high 38 points. The Nuggets were coached by Doug Moe from 1980 to 1990 and Paul Westhead from 1990 to 1992,[7][8] both of whom employed a run and gun offensive strategy, which focuses on attempting a high number of field goals while also conceding a large number of points on defense.[9][10] In fact, Moe's and Westhead's Nuggets were participants in five of the ten highest-scoring regular season games in NBA history. The Warriors were coached by Don Nelson from 1988 to 1995 and 2006 to 2010.[11] He employed Nellie Ball, a style of run and gun that uses smaller, more athletic players to outrun opponents.[12] Another notable high scoring regular season game is a March 2, 1962 game between the Philadelphia Warriors and the New York Knicks. In that game, the Warriors' Wilt Chamberlain scored an NBA-record 100 points.[13]
The highest-scoring playoff game is the double-overtime game between the Portland Trail Blazers and the Phoenix Suns on May 11, 1992. The two teams combined to score 304 points, with the Trail Blazers defeating the Suns 153–151. The Suns' Kevin Johnson scored a game-high 35 points, with 12 other players also scoring in double figures. The highest-scoring playoff game in regulation occurred when the San Antonio Spurs defeated the Denver Nuggets with a score of 152–133 for a combined score of 285 points on April 26, 1983. In that game, the Spurs' George Gervin scored a game-high 42 points.
Most of the highest-scoring games happened before the 1995–96 season, when the average scoring (points per game) per team was always in the 100s.[2] Until the emergence of 'small ball' in 2013, the average had dropped down to the 90s.[14] Only two post-1995 games make the top-ten lists of both the regular season and playoffs: a May 10, 2003 game between the Dallas Mavericks and the Sacramento Kings and a December 7, 2006 game between the Phoenix Suns and New Jersey Nets. Both the Mavericks and the Suns were coached by Nelson and Mike D'Antoni respectively, both of whom also made use of the run and gun style.[15]
List[edit]
Key
OT
Overtime (the number indicates the number of overtime periods played.
*
Indicates a game that was won by the road team
Highest-scoring regular season games[edit]
Rank
Total Points
Date
Location
Winning Team
Final Score
OT
Losing Team
Notes
Ref
1
370
December 13, 1983 McNichols Arena
Denver, Colorado Detroit Pistons* 186–184 3 Denver Nuggets
NBA records
Highest-scoring record[a]
The teams combined for 142 field goals[5]
The teams combined for 93 total assists[5]
4 players scored at least 40 points[5]
Nuggets' Kiki Vandeweghe scored a game-high 51 points, a career high.[5][16]
Leading scorers
Pistons: Isiah Thomas (47), John Long (41), Kelly Tripucka (35)[b]
Nuggets: Vandeweghe (51), Alex English (47), Dan Issel (28)[c]
[17]
2
337
March 6, 1982 HemisFair Arena
San Antonio, Texas San Antonio Spurs 171–166 3 Milwaukee Bucks
Former highest-scoring record[d]
3 players scored 40+ points
Spurs' George Gervin scored a game-high 50 points.
Leading scorers
Spurs: Gervin (50), Mike Mitchell (45)[e]
Bucks: Brian Winters (42), Junior Bridgeman (31), Bob Lanier (29)[f]
[18]
3
320
November 2, 1990 McNichols Arena
Denver, Colorado Golden State Warriors* 162–158 — Denver Nuggets
Highest-scoring game in regulation
Warriors' Chris Mullin scored a game-high 38 points.
Leading scorers
Warriors: Mullin (38), Tim Hardaway (32), Mitch Richmond (29)[g]
Nuggets: Orlando Woolridge (37), Walter Davis (33)[h]
[19]
4
318
January 11, 1984 McNichols Arena
Denver, Colorado Denver Nuggets 163–155 — San Antonio Spurs
NBA record
Both teams combined to score 99 points in a quarter[i]
Nuggets' Kiki Vandeweghe scored a game-high 50 points.
Leading scorers
Nuggets: Vandeweghe (50), Alex English (25)[j]
Spurs: George Gervin (38), John Lucas II (23)[k]
[21]
4
318
December 7, 2006 Continental Airlines Arena
East Rutherford, New Jersey Phoenix Suns* 161–157 2 New Jersey Nets
Suns' Steve Nash scored a game-high 42 points.
Nets' Jason Kidd recorded a triple-double[l]
Leading scorers
Suns: Nash (42), Shawn Marion (33), Raja Bell (24), Amare Stoudemire (23)[m]
Nets: Kidd (38), Vince Carter (31), Richard Jefferson (25)[n]
[22]
6
316
March 2, 1962 Hershey Sports Arena
Hershey, Pennsylvania Philadelphia Warriors 169–147 — New York Knicks
Former highest-scoring record[o]
NBA record
Warriors' Wilt Chamberlain scored a game-high 100 points.[p]
Leading scorers
Warriors: Chamberlain (100)[q]
Knicks: Richie Guerin (39), Willie Naulls (33), Cleveland Buckner (31)[r]
[23]
6
316
March 12, 1970 Cincinnati Gardens
Cincinnati Cincinnati Royals 165–151 — San Diego Rockets
Former highest-scoring record[s]
Rockets' Elvin Hayes scored a game-high 40 points
Leading scorers
Royals: Tom Van Arsdale (36), Connie Dierking (34), Johnny Green (29), Oscar Robertson (28), Norm Van Lier (22)[t]
Rockets: Hayes (40), Don Kojis (23), John Block (20)[u]
[24]
6
316
November 10, 1990 Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum
Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix Suns 173–143 — Denver Nuggets
NBA record
Both teams combined to score 174 points in a half[v]
The Suns scored 107 points during the first half of the game.
Nuggets' Orlando Woolridge scored a game-high 40 points.
Leading scorers
Suns: Cedric Ceballos (32), Kevin Johnson (23), Kenny Battle (23), Dan Majerle (21), Tom Chambers (20)[w]
Nuggets: Woolridge (40), Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf (26), Walter Davis (22)[x]
[25]
9
314
November 7, 1990 HemisFair Arena
San Antonio, Texas San Antonio Spurs 161–153 — Denver Nuggets
Spurs' David Robinson scored a game-high 43 points.
Leading scorers
Spurs: Robinson (43), Terry Cummings (31), Sean Elliott (29), Reggie Williams (22)[y]
Nuggets: Orlando Woolridge (37), Walter Davis (32), Todd Lichti (29)[z]
[26]
10
312
February 27, 1959 Boston Garden
Boston Boston Celtics 173–139 — Minneapolis Lakers
Former highest-scoring record[aa]
Celtics' Tom Heinsohn scored a game-high 43 points.
Leading scorers
Celtics: Heinsohn (43), Bob Cousy (31), Bill Sharman (29), Frank Ramsey (20)[ab]
Lakers: Elgin Baylor (28), Vern Mikkelsen (25), Rod Hundley (21)[ac]
[27]
Highest-scoring playoff games[edit]
Below are the top 10 highest-scoring playoff games. Four of the games happened before the 1979–80 season, the season in which the three-point line was first implemented.
Highest-scoring playoff games
Total
points
Date
Location
Winner
Result
OT
Loser
Notes
Ref.
1
304
May 11, 1992 Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum
Phoenix, Arizona Portland Trail Blazers* 153–151 2 Phoenix Suns
NBA highest-scoring record[ad]
Suns' Kevin Johnson scored a game-high 35 points
Leading scorers
Trail Blazers: Clyde Drexler (33), Terry Porter (31), Danny Ainge (25), Jerome Kersey (21)[ae]
Suns: Johnson (35), Tom Chambers (29), Jeff Hornacek (23), Dan Majerle (21)[af]
The Trail Blazers won the conference semifinals series 4–1
Last NBA game at Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum
[28]
2
285
April 26, 1983 HemisFair Arena
San Antonio, Texas San Antonio Spurs 152–133 — Denver Nuggets
Former highest-scoring record[ag]
Spurs' George Gervin scored a game-high 42 points
Leading scorers
Spurs: Gervin (42), Johnny Moore (24), Gene Banks (22), Mike Mitchell (22)[ah]
Nuggets: Dan Issel (28), Alex English (26), Kiki Vandeweghe (22)[ai]
The Spurs won the conference semifinals series 4–1
[29]
2
285
April 28, 1990 Boston Garden
Boston Boston Celtics 157–128 — New York Knicks
Celtics' Kevin McHale scored a game-high 31 points
Leading scorers
Celtics: McHale (31), Reggie Lewis (21)[aj]
Knicks: Patrick Ewing (28), Gerald Wilkins (24), Johnny Newman (21)[ak]
The Knicks won the first round series 3–2
[30]
4
280
April 23, 1987 Reunion Arena
Dallas Dallas Mavericks 151–129 — Seattle SuperSonics
SuperSonics' Tom Chambers scored a game-high 35 points
Leading scorers
Mavericks: Mark Aguirre (28), Roy Tarpley (25)[al]
SuperSonics: Chambers (35), Dale Ellis (22)[am]
The SuperSonics won the first round series 3–1
[31]
5
279
April 1, 1967 Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena
Oakland, California San Francisco Warriors 143–136 — St. Louis Hawks
Former highest-scoring record[an]
Warriors' Rick Barry scored a game-high 47 points
Leading scorers
Warriors: Barry (47), Jeff Mullins (26), Nate Thurmond (22)[ao]
Hawks: Bill Bridges (26), Lou Hudson (24), Richie Guerin (22), Lenny Wilkens (22)[ap]
The Warriors won the division finals series 4–2
[32]
6
278
March 25, 1957 Minneapolis Auditorium
Minneapolis St. Louis Hawks* 143–135 2 Minneapolis Lakers
Former highest-scoring record[aq]
Lakers' Bobby Leonard scored a game-high 42 points
Leading scorers
Hawks: Bob Pettit (35), Slater Martin (26), Cliff Hagan (22)[ar]
Lakers: Leonard (42), Clyde Lovellette (22), Walter Dukes (21)[as]
The Hawks won the division finals series 3–0
[33]
6
278
May 10, 2003 ARCO Arena
Sacramento, California Dallas Mavericks* 141–137 2 Sacramento Kings
Mavericks' Nick Van Exel scored a game-high 40 points
Leading scorers
Mavericks: Van Exel (40), Steve Nash (31), Dirk Nowitzki (25), Michael Finley (20)[at]
Kings: Peja Stojaković (39), Vlade Divac (20)[au]
The Mavericks won the conference semifinals series 4–3
[34]
8
277
April 20, 1985 Great Western Forum
Los Angeles Los Angeles Lakers 147–130 — Phoenix Suns
Lakers' Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored a game-high 24 points
Leading scorers
Lakers: Abdul-Jabbar (24), Bob McAdoo (22), Byron Scott (21), Mike McGee (20)[av]
Suns: Alvan Adams (23), Jay Humphries (21), Mike Sanders (20)[aw]
The Lakers won the conference semifinals series 3–0
[35]
9
276
April 14, 1967 The Spectrum
Philadelphia Philadelphia 76ers 141–135 1 San Francisco Warriors
Warriors' Rick Barry scored a game-high 37 points
Leading scorers
76ers: Hal Greer (32), Wali Jones (30), Billy Cunningham (26), Chet Walker (23)[ax]
Warriors: Barry (37), Nate Thurmond (24), Tom Meschery (20)[ay]
The 76ers won the finals series 4–2
[36]
9
276
March 30, 1970 The Spectrum
Philadelphia Milwaukee Bucks* 156–120 — Philadelphia 76ers
Bucks' Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored a game-high 33 points
Leading scorers
Bucks: Abdul-Jabbar (33), Jon McGlocklin (24), Flynn Robinson (20)[az]
76ers: Archie Clark (20)[ba]
The Bucks won the conference semifinals series 4–1
[37]
9
276
April 27, 2013 United Center
Chicago Chicago Bulls 142–134 3 Brooklyn Nets
Bulls' Nate Robinson scored a game-high 34 points
Leading scorers
Bulls: Robinson (34), Carlos Boozer (21)[bb]
Nets: Deron Williams (32), Brook Lopez (26), Joe Johnson (22)[bc]
The Bulls won the first round series 4–3
[38]
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ It has been the record for 7004126740000000000♠34 years, 255 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Terry Tyler (18), Bill Laimbeer (17), Vinnie Johnson (12).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Mike Evans (16), Richard Anderson (13), Danny Schayes (11).
Jump up ^ This was the record from March 6, 1982 to December 13, 1983. It lasted for 7002647000000000000♠1 year, 282 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Dave Corzine (19), Johnny Moore (16), Mike Bratz (14).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Sidney Moncrief (18), Quinn Buckner (18), Marques Johnson (14).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Tom Tolbert (18), Rod Higgins (17).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Todd Lichti (19), Michael Adams (18), T. R. Dunn (12), Jerome Lane (11), Blair Rasmussen (10).
Jump up ^ In the fourth quarter, the Spurs scored 53 points and the Nuggets scored 46 points.[20]
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Dan Issel (17), Howard Carter (16), Mike Evans (12), Bill Hanzlik (11), Richard Anderson (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Gene Banks (17), Edgar Jones (17), Artis Gilmore (15), Keith Edmonson (14), Mark McNamara (14).
Jump up ^ Kidd recorded 38 points, 14 rebounds and 14 assists.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Boris Diaw (16), Leandro Barbosa (16).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Marcus Williams (18), Mikki Moore (14), Eddie House (12), Nenad Krstić (10).
Jump up ^ This was the record from March 2, 1962 to March 6, 1982. It lasted for 7003730900000000000♠20 years, 4 days.
Jump up ^ This is Chamberlain's career high. Chamberlain also recorded 25 rebounds.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Al Attles (17), Paul Arizin (16), Tom Meschery (16), Guy Rodgers (11).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Dave Budd (13), Donnie Butcher (10).
Jump up ^ This tied for the record from March 12, 1970 to March 6, 1982. It lasted for 7003437700000000000♠11 years, 359 days.
Jump up ^ Other with double-digit point totals was Wally Anderzunas (12).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Bingo Smith (16), Stu Lantz (14), Bernie Williams (12), Toby Kimball (11).
Jump up ^ In the first half, the Suns scored 107 points and the Nuggets scored 67 points.[20]
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Mark West (16), Jeff Hornacek (12), Eddie Johnson (12).
Jump up ^ Other with double-digit point totals was Anthony Cook (13).
Jump up ^ Other with double-digit point totals was Paul Pressey (14).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Corey Gaines (12), Blair Rasmussen (10).
Jump up ^ This was the record from February 27, 1959 to March 2, 1962. It lasted for 7003109900000000000♠3 years, 3 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Gene Conley (14), K. C. Jones (12), Jim Loscutoff (11).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Bobby Leonard (16), Ed Fleming (13), Boo Ellis (12).
Jump up ^ It has been the record for 7003960200000000000♠26 years, 106 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Cliff Robinson (16), Kevin Duckworth (14), Buck Williams (11).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Cedric Ceballos (19), Andrew Lang (13).
Jump up ^ This was the record from April 26, 1983 to May 11, 1992. It lasted for 7003330300000000000♠9 years, 15 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Artis Gilmore (13), Edgar Jones (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Billy McKinney (13), Danny Schayes (12), Rob Williams (12).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Robert Parish (18), Ed Pinckney (16), Larry Bird (15), Dennis Johnson (12), Jim Paxson (11), John Bagley (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Kiki Vandeweghe (13), Charles Oakley (11), Mark Jackson (11).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Rolando Blackman (18), Derek Harper (18), James Donaldson (15), Sam Perkins (12), Detlef Schrempf (10), Brad Davis (10), Bill Wennington (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Xavier McDaniel (18), Eddie Johnson (14), Kevin Williams (14), Russ Schoene (11).
Jump up ^ This was the record from April 1, 1967 to April 26, 1983. It lasted for 7003586900000000000♠16 years, 25 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Jim King (13), Tom Meschery (13), Fred Hetzel (12).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Zelmo Beaty (19), Joe Caldwell (18).
Jump up ^ This was the record from March 25, 1957 to April 1, 1967. It lasted for 7003365900000000000♠10 years, 7 days.
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Ed Macauley (19), Jack McMahon (18), Chuck Share (15).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Ed Kalafat (17), Vern Mikkelsen (16).
Jump up ^ Other with double-digit point totals was Walt Williams (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Doug Christie (18), Mike Bibby (16), Bobby Jackson (16), Keon Clark (12), Jim Jackson (11).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Magic Johnson (19), James Worthy (15), Michael Cooper (13).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Maurice Lucas (13), Charles Pittman (12), Charles Jones (12), Rod Foster (10).
Jump up ^ Other with double-digit point totals was Wilt Chamberlain (16).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Jeff Mullins (16), Jim King (15), Fred Hetzel (12).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Freddie Crawford (18), Bob Dandridge (18), Len Chappell (12), Zaid Abdul-Aziz (11).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Fred Hetzel (17), Wali Jones (14), Hal Greer (12), Bud Ogden (12), Matt Guokas (11), Billy Cunningham (10), Jim Washington (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals was Kirk Hinrich (18), Jimmy Butler (16), Luol Deng (15), Joakim Noah (15), Taj Gibson (10).
Jump up ^ Others with double-digit point totals were Gerald Wallace (17), Reggie Evans (15), Andray Blatche (13).
References[edit]
General
Farrell, Erin & Gardella, John (2006). Official NBA Guide 2006–07. Sporting News. p. 223. ISBN 9780892048540. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Specific
Jump up ^ "Basketball glossary". FIBA.com. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "NBA League Averages". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Richard (December 25, 2004). "In 1954, Shot Clock Revived a Stalled N.B.A." The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "History of the Shot Clock". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive. October 22, 2001. Archived from the original on 2012-01-28. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Maxwell, John. "Highest Scoring Game Ever". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Neel, Eric (December 13, 2005). "The big score". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Doug Moe". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Paul Westhead". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Newman, Bruce (November 7, 1988). "This Joker Is Wild". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Berkow, Ira (November 15, 1990). "The Nutty Numbers for The Nuggets". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Don Nelson". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jenkins, Lee (May 13, 2007). "Nellie Ball Energizes Warriors and Confounds Opponents". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sandomir, Richard (March 1, 2012). "50th Anniversary of a Scoring Feat That's as Much Legend as Record". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bothamley, Dylan; Levin, Max. "Fastbreaks: Back to the Future". 82games.com. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Beck, Howard (May 13, 2008). "Want to Play for D'Antoni? Start Running". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Roy S. (December 13, 1983). "The Great Denver Shootout". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Detroit Pistons at Denver Nuggets Box Score, December 13, 1983". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Milwaukee Bucks at San Antonio Spurs Box Score, March 6, 1982". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Golden State Warriors at Denver Nuggets Box Score, November 2, 1990". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Regular Season Records: Points". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "San Antonio Spurs at Denver Nuggets Box Score, January 11, 1984". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Phoenix Suns at New Jersey Nets Box Score, December 7, 2006". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Philadelphia Warriors vs New York Knicks Box Score, March 2, 1962". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "San Diego Rockets at Cincinnati Royals Box Score, March 12, 1970". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Denver Nuggets at Phoenix Suns Box Score, November 10, 1990". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Denver Nuggets at San Antonio Spurs Box Score, November 7, 1990". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Minneapolis Lakers at Boston Celtics Box Score, February 27, 1959". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Portland Trail Blazers at Phoenix Suns Box Score, May 11, 1992". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Denver Nuggets at San Antonio Spurs Box Score, April 26, 1983". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "New York Knicks at Boston Celtics Box Score, April 28, 1990". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Seattle SuperSonics at Dallas Mavericks Box Score, April 23, 1987". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "St. Louis Hawks at San Francisco Warriors Box Score, April 1, 1967". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "St. Louis Hawks at Minneapolis Lakers Box Score, March 25, 1957". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dallas Mavericks at Sacramento Kings Box Score, May 10, 2003". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Phoenix Suns at Los Angeles Lakers Box Score, April 20, 1985". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "San Francisco Warriors at Philadelphia 76ers Box Score, April 14, 1967". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Milwaukee Bucks at Philadelphia 76ers Box Score, March 30, 1970". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Brooklyn Nets at Chicago Bulls Box Score, April 27, 2013". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
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Facial expression
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Photographs from the 1862 book Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine by Guillaume Duchenne. Through electric stimulation, he determined which muscles were responsible for different facial expressions. Charles Darwin would later republish some of these photographs in his own work on the subject, which compared facial expressions in humans to those in animals.
A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. According to one set of controversial[citation needed] theories, these movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information between humans, but they also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species. (For a discussion of the controversies on these claims, see Fridlund[1] and Russell & Fernandez Dols.[2]).
Humans can adopt a facial expression voluntarily or involuntarily, and the neural mechanisms responsible for controlling the expression differ in each case.
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Voluntary facial expressions are often socially conditioned and follow a cortical route in the brain. Conversely, involuntary facial expressions are believed to be innate and follow a subcortical route in the brain.
Facial recognition is often an emotional experience for the brain and the amygdala is highly involved in the recognition process.
The eyes are often viewed as important features of facial expressions. Aspects such as blinking rate can be used to indicate whether a person is nervous or whether he or she is lying. Also, eye contact is considered an important aspect of interpersonal communication. However, there are cultural differences regarding the social propriety of maintaining eye contact or not.
Beyond the accessory nature of facial expressions in spoken communication between people, they play a significant role in communication with sign language. Many phrases in sign language include facial expressions in the display.
There is controversy surrounding the question of whether facial expressions are worldwide and universal displays among humans. Supporters of the Universality Hypothesis claim that many facial expressions are innate and have roots in evolutionary ancestors. Opponents of this view question the accuracy of the studies used to test this claim and instead believe that facial expressions are conditioned and that people view and understand facial expressions in large part from the social situations around them.
Contents
[hide]
1 Creation
1.1 Facial muscles
1.2 Neuronal pathways
2 Neural mechanisms in face perception
2.1 Gender and facial cues
3 Communication
3.1 Eye contact
3.2 Sign languages
4 Universality hypothesis
4.1 Support
4.2 Criticism
4.3 Evolutionary significance of universality
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Creation[edit]
Facial muscles[edit]
An actor acting out Drama Masks (Thalia and Melpomene) in 1972.
Facial expressions are vital to social communication between humans. They are caused by the movement of muscles that connect to the skin and fascia in the face. These muscles move the skin, creating lines and folds and causing the movement of facial features, such as the mouth and eyebrows. These muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The temporalis, masseter, and internal and external pterygoid muscles, which are mainly used for chewing, have a minor effect on expression as well. These muscles develop from the first pharyngeal arch.[3]
Neuronal pathways[edit]
There are two brain pathways associated with facial expression; the first is voluntary expression. Voluntary expression travels from the primary motor cortex through the pyramidal tract, specifically the corticobulbar projections. The cortex is associated with display rules in emotion, which are social precepts that influence and modify expressions. Cortically related expressions are made consciously.[3]
The second type of expression is emotional. These expressions originate from the extrapyramidal motor system, which involves subcortical nuclei. For this reason, genuine emotions are not associated with the cortex and are often displayed unconsciously. This is demonstrated in infants before the age of two; they display distress, disgust, interest, anger, contempt, surprise, and fear. Infants’ displays of these emotions indicate that they are not cortically related. Similarly, blind children also display emotions, proving that they are subconscious rather than learned. Other subcortical facial expressions include the “knit brow” during concentration, raised eyebrows when listening attentively, and short “punctuation” expressions to add emphasis during speech. People can be unaware that they are producing these expressions.[3]
Neural mechanisms in face perception[edit]
See also: Face perception
The amygdala plays an important role in facial recognition. Functional imaging studies have found that when shown pictures of faces, there is a large increase in the activity of the amygdala. The amygdala receives visual information from the thalamus via the subcortical pathways.[4] The amygdala may also have a significant role in the recognition of fear and negative emotions. It is believed that the emotion disgust is recognized through activation of the insula and basal ganglia. The recognition of emotion may also utilize the occipitotemporal neocortex, orbitofrontal cortex and right frontoparietal cortices.[5]
Gender and facial cues[edit]
More than anything though, what shapes a child's cognitive ability to detect facial expression is being exposed to it from the time of birth. The more an infant is exposed to different faces and expressions, the more able they are to recognize these emotions and then mimic them for themselves. Infants are exposed to an array of emotional expressions from birth, and evidence indicates that they imitate some facial expressions and gestures (e.g., tongue protrusion) as early as the first few days of life.[6][full citation needed] In addition, gender affects the tendency to express, perceive, remember, and forget specific emotions.[7][8] For instance, angry male faces and happy female faces are more recognizable, compared to happy male faces and angry female faces.[8]
Communication[edit]
Eye contact[edit]
See also: Eye contact
A person's face, especially their eyes, creates the most obvious and immediate cues that lead to the formation of impressions.[9] This article discusses eyes and facial expressions and the effect they have on interpersonal communication.
A person's eyes reveal much about how they are feeling, or what they are thinking. Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races. Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980.[10] Though Tecce's data is interesting, it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channeled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless. Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates' perspiration, eye contact and stiffness.[11]
Within their first year, Infants learn rapidly that the looking behaviors of others conveys significant information. Infants prefer to look at faces that engage them in mutual gaze and that, from an early age, healthy babies show enhanced neural processing of direct gaze.[12]
Eye contact is another major aspect of facial communication. Some have hypothesized that this is due to infancy, as humans are one of the few mammals who maintain regular eye contact with their mother while nursing.[13] Eye contact serves a variety of purposes. It regulates conversations, shows interest or involvement, and establishes a connection with others.
Eye contact regulates conversational turn taking, communicates involvement and interest, manifests warmth, and establishes connections with others…[and] it can command attention, be flirtatious, or seem cold and intimidating… [it] invites conversation. Lack of eye contact is usually perceived to be rude or inattentive.[11]
But different cultures have different rules for eye contact. Certain Asian cultures can perceive direct eye contact as a way to signal competitiveness, which in many situations may prove to be inappropriate. Others lower their eyes to signal respect, and similarly eye contact is avoided in Nigeria;[14] however, in western cultures this could be misinterpreted as lacking self-confidence.
Even beyond the idea of eye contact, eyes communicate more data than a person even consciously expresses. Pupil dilation is a significant cue to a level of excitement, pleasure, or attraction. Dilated pupils indicate greater affection or attraction, while constricted pupils send a colder signal.
Sign languages[edit]
Facial expression is used in sign languages to convey specific meanings. In American Sign Language (ASL), for instance, raised eyebrows combined with a slightly forward head tilt indicate that what is being signed is a yes/no question. Lowered eyebrows are used for wh-word questions. Facial expression is also used in sign languages to show adverbs and adjectives such as distance or size: an open mouth, squinted eyes, and tilted back head indicate something far while the mouth pulled to one side and the cheek held toward the shoulder indicate something close, and puffed cheeks mean very large. It can also show the manner in which something is done, such as carelessly or routinely.[15] Some of these expressions, also called non-manual signs, are used similarly in different sign languages while others are different from one language to another. For example, the expression used for 'carelessly' in ASL means 'boring or unpleasant' in British Sign Language.[16]
Universality hypothesis[edit]
The universality hypothesis is the assumption that certain facial expressions and face-related acts/ events are signals of specific emotions (happiness with laughter and smiling, sadness with tears, anger with a clenched jaw, fear with a grimace, surprise with raised eyebrows and wide eyes along with a slight retraction of the ears, and disgust with a wrinkled nose and squinted eyes— emotions which frequently lack the social component of those like shame, pride, jealousy, envy, deferance, etc.) and are recognized by people regardless of culture, language, or time. The belief in the evolutionary basis of these kinds of facial expressions can be traced back to Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Reviews of the universality hypothesis have been both supportive[17][18] and critical.[19][20] Work in 2013 by Nelson and Russell[21] and Jack et al.[22] has been especially critical.
Support[edit]
Ekman's work on facial expressions had its starting point in the work of psychologist Silvan Tomkins. Ekman showed that facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but universal across human cultures.
To demonstrate his universality hypothesis, Ekman ran a test on a group of the South Fore people of New Guinea, a pre-industrial culture that was isolated from the West. The experiment participants were told brief stories about emotional events (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust). After each story, they were asked to select the matching facial expression from an array of three faces.[23] The Fore selected the correct face on 64%-90% of trials but had difficulty distinguishing the fear face from the surprise face. Children selected from an array of only two faces, and their results were similar to the adults’. Subsequent cross-cultural studies found similar results.[24]
Criticism[edit]
Both sides of this debate agree that the face expresses emotion. The controversy surrounds the uncertainty about what specific emotional information is read from a facial expression. Opponents of the universality hypothesis believe that more general information is pieced together with other contextual information in order to determine how a person feels.[25]
One argument against the evidence presented in support of the universality hypothesis is that the method typically used to demonstrate universality inflates recognition scores.[20] Although each factor may contribute only a small amount to the inflation, combined, they can produce exaggerated scores. The three main factors are the following:
The universality hypothesis focuses on people's abilities to recognize spontaneous facial expressions as they occur naturally. However, the facial expressions used to test this hypothesis are posed. Studies of spontaneous facial expressions are rare and find that participants’ recognition of the expressions is lower than that of the corresponding posed expressions.[26][27]
In most studies, participants are shown more than one facial expression (Ekman recommends six of each expression). However, people judge facial expressions relative to others that they have seen,[28] and participants who judge more than one facial expression have higher recognition rates than those who judge only one.[20]
The response format that is most commonly used in emotion recognition studies is forced choice. In forced choice, for each facial expression, participants are asked to select their response from a short list of emotion labels. The forced choice method determines the emotion attributed to the facial expressions via the labels that are presented.[20] That is, participants will select the best match to the facial expression even if it is not the emotion label they would have provided spontaneously and even if they would not have labeled the expression as an emotion at all.[29]
Evolutionary significance of universality[edit]
Darwin argued that the expression of emotions has evolved in humans from animal ancestors, who would have used similar methods of expression. Darwin believed that expressions were unlearned and innate in human nature and were therefore evolutionarily significant for survival. He compiled supporting evidence from his research on different cultures, on infants, and in other animal species.[30] Ekman found that people from different cultures recognized certain facial expressions despite vast cultural differences, and his findings tended to confirm Darwin’s initial hypothesis.[31]
Cross-cultural studies had shown that there are similarities in the way emotions are expressed across diverse cultures, but studies have even shown that there are similarities between species in how emotions are expressed. Research has shown that chimpanzees are able to communicate many of the same facial expressions as humans through the complex movements of the facial muscles. In fact, the facial cues were so similar that Ekman’s Facial Action Coding System could be applied to the chimps in evaluating their expressions.[32] Of course, differences between the species' physical facial properties, such as white sclera and everted lips in chimps, would mean that some expressions could not be compared.[33]
Similarly, Darwin observed that infants’ method of expression for certain emotions was instinctive, as they were able to display emotional expressions they had not themselves yet witnessed.[34] Facial morphology impacts expression recognition in important ways, and therefore, infant facial morphology may also serve some specific communicative function. These similarities in morphology and movement are important for the correct interpretation of an emotion.[35] Darwin was particularly interested in the functions of facial expression as evolutionarily important for survival. He looked at the functions of facial expression in terms of the utility of expression in the life of the animal and in terms of specific expressions within species. Darwin deduced that some animals communicated feelings of different emotional states with specific facial expressions. He further concluded that this communication was important for the survival of animals in group-dwelling species; the skill to effectively communicate or interpret another animal’s feelings and behaviors would be a principal trait in naturally fit species.[36] However, this suggests that solitary species such as orang-utans would not exhibit such expressions.
See also[edit]
A boy displays an angry pout
Affect display
Bell's palsy
Computer processing of body language
Emotion classification
Facial recognition system
Laughter, Gelotology, Freitas-Magalhães
Metacommunicative competence
Thought Moments
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Alan J. Fridlund (1994). Human facial expression (1 ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-267630-7.
Jump up ^ J. A. Russell; J. M. Fernandez Dols (1997). The psychology of facial expression (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58796-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rinn, William E. (1984). "The Neuropsychology of Facial Expression: A Review of the Neurological and Psychological Mechanisms for Producing Facial Expressions". Psychological Bulletin. American Psychological Association, Inc. 95 (1): 52–77. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.1.52.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Neil R. (2010). Physiology of behavior (10th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 386–389. ISBN 0-205-66627-2.
Jump up ^ Adolphs, Ralph (9 May 2002). "Neural systems for recognizing emotion". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 12 (2): 169–177. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00301-X.
Jump up ^ (Field, Woodson, Greenberg, & Cohen, 1982; Meltzoff & Moore, 1983)
Jump up ^ Tay, Peter Kay Chai (2015-06-22). "The adaptive value associated with expressing and perceiving angry-male and happy-female faces". Frontiers in Psychology. 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00851. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4476135  . PMID 26157405.
^ Jump up to: a b Tay, Peter K. C.; Yang, Hwajin (2017-05-22). "Angry faces are more resistant to forgetting than are happy faces: directed forgetting effects on the identity of emotional faces". Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 0 (0): 1–11. doi:10.1080/20445911.2017.1323907. ISSN 2044-5911.
Jump up ^ Freitas-Magalhães, A. (2007). The Psychology of Emotions: The Allure of Human Face. Oporto: University Fernando Pessoa Press
Jump up ^ "In the blink of an eye." (October 21, 1999). Newsweek.
^ Jump up to: a b Rothwell, J. Dan. In the Company of Others: An Introduction to Communication. United States: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Jump up ^ Eye Contact Detection in Humans From Birth, PNAS VOL 99 N.14 2002.
Jump up ^ Spitz, Rene A., and Wolf, K. M. "The Smiling Response: A Contribution to the Ontogenesis of Social Relations." Genetic Psychology Monographs. 34 (August 1946). P. 57-125.
Jump up ^ Caring for Patients from Different Cultures, by Geri-Ann Galanti, p. 34
Jump up ^ Baker, Charlotte, and Dennis Cokely (1980). American Sign Language: A teacher's resource text on grammar and culture. Silver Spring, MD: T.J. Publishers.
Jump up ^ Sutton-Spence, Rachel, and Bencie Woll (1998). The linguistics of British Sign Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ Ekman, P.; W. V. Friesen; P. Ellsworth (1972). "Emotion in the human face: Guidelines for research and a review of findings". New York: Permagon.
Jump up ^ Izard, C. E. (1971). "The face of emotion". New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Jump up ^ Woodworth, R. S.; Schlosberg, H. (1954). Experimental Psychology. New York: Henry Holt.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Russell, James A. (1994). "Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies". Psychological Bulletin. American Psychological Association, Inc. 115 (1): 102–141. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102. PMID 8202574.
Jump up ^ Nelson, N. L.; Russell, J. A. (2013). "Universality revisited". Emotion Review. 5 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1177/1754073912457227.
Jump up ^ Jack, R. E.; Garrod, O. G.; Yu, H.; Caldara, R.; Schyns, P. G. (2012). "Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (19): 7241–7244. doi:10.1073/pnas.1200155109.
Jump up ^ Ekman, P.; W. V. Friesen (1971). "Constants across cultures in the face and emotion" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 17 (2): 124–129. doi:10.1037/h0030377. PMID 5542557.
Jump up ^ Ekman, P.; Friesen, W.V.; O'Sullivan, M.; et al. (1987). "Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion". Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. 53 (4): 712–717. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.712.
Jump up ^ Carroll, J. M.; J. A. Russell (1996). "Do facial expressions signal specific emotions? Judging emotion from the face in context". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 70: 205–218. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.205.
Jump up ^ Matsumoto, David; LeRoux, Jeff; Wilson-Cohn, Carida; et al. (September 2000). "A New Test to Measure Emotion Recognition Ability: Matsumoto and Ekman's Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (JACBART)". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 24 (3): 179–209.
Jump up ^ Naab, P. J.; J. A. Russell (2007). "Judgments of emotion from spontaneous facial expressions of New Guineans". Emotion. 7 (4): 736–744. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.736.
Jump up ^ Thayer, Stephen (1980). "The effect of expression sequence and expressor identity on judgments of the intensity of facial expression". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 5 (2): 71–79. doi:10.1007/bf00986510.
Jump up ^ Wagner, H. L. (2000). "The accessibility of the term "contempt" and the meaning of the unilateral lip curl". Cognition and Emotion. 14 (5): 689–710. doi:10.1080/02699930050117675.
Jump up ^ Ekman, edited by Paul (2006). Darwin and facial expression: a century of research in review. Cambridge, MA: Malor Books. p. 12. ISBN 1-883536-88-X. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Carlson, Neil R. (2012). Physiology of behavior (11th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. p. 377. ISBN 0-205-23939-0.
Jump up ^ Vick, Sarah-Jane; Waller, Bridget M., Parr, Lisa A., Smith Pasqualini, Marcia C., Bard, Kim A. (15 December 2006). "A Cross-species Comparison of Facial Morphology and Movement in Humans and Chimpanzees Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 31 (1): 18. doi:10.1007/s10919-006-0017-z. PMC 3008553  . PMID 21188285. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Vick, Sarah-Jane; Waller, Bridget M., Parr, Lisa A., Smith Pasqualini, Marcia C., Bard, Kim A. (15 December 2006). "A Cross-species Comparison of Facial Morphology and Movement in Humans and Chimpanzees Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 31 (1): 16. doi:10.1007/s10919-006-0017-z. PMC 3008553  . PMID 21188285. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Russell, James (1994). "Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies". Psychological Bulletin. 115 (1): 102–141. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102. PMID 8202574.
Jump up ^ Vick, Sarah-Jane; Waller, Bridget M., Parr, Lisa A., Smith Pasqualini, Marcia C., Bard, Kim A. (15 December 2006). "A Cross-species Comparison of Facial Morphology and Movement in Humans and Chimpanzees Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)". Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 31 (1): 17. doi:10.1007/s10919-006-0017-z. PMC 3008553  . PMID 21188285. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Ekman, edited by Paul (2006). Darwin and facial expression : a century of research in review. Cambridge, MA: Malor Books. pp. 12–14. ISBN 1-883536-88-X. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Facial expression
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Facial expressions.
Facial Expressions Resources Page contains links to research concerning facial expressions
Bell's Palsy information site Information for sufferers of facial palsy/facial paralysis
The Umeå University Database of Facial Expressions, October 12, 2012. Journal of Medical Internet Research
The JAFFE Database of Facial Expressions
Facial expression analysis David Matsumoto and Paul Ekman Scholarpedia, 3(5):4237. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.4237
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Let's Groove
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the song by Archie Bell & the Drells, see Dance Your Troubles Away.
"Let's Groove"
Single by Earth, Wind & Fire
from the album Raise!
B-side
"Let's Groove" (Instrumental)
Released
1981
Genre
Post-disco[1]
pop[1]
funk[1]
Length
5:37 (album version)
4:02 (single version)
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Maurice White
Wayne Vaughn
Producer(s)
Maurice White
Earth, Wind & Fire singles chronology
"And Love Goes On"
(1981) "Let's Groove"
(1981) "Wanna Be with You"
(1981)
"And Love Goes On"
(1981) "Let's Groove"
(1981) "Wanna Be with You"
(1981)
Audio sample
file
help
"Let's Groove" is a song by the American band Earth, Wind & Fire from their eleventh studio album Raise! (1981). Written by Maurice White and Wayne Vaughn, the song was chosen as the lead single from the album. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, disco music was undergoing a severe backlash. In spite of this, the band decided to revive the disco sound that was later included on their previous works and records. Musically, "Let's Groove" is a post-disco, pop and funk song which includes instrumentation of synthesizers and keyboards along with live electric guitars.
"Let's Groove" received mixed reviews from music critics, where many praised its catchiness, while some felt it was generic within its timeline of the disco era. However, many contemporary reviews have been well-received, many citing it as memorable and a great disco-influenced song. The song was a commercial success, with it being their highest-charting single in various territories. The song peaked inside the top 20 in countries including the United States, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada and other component charts in America.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and composition
2 Critical reception
3 Commercial performance
4 Music video
5 Accolades
6 Charts and certifications
6.1 Weekly charts
6.2 Year-end charts
6.3 Certifications
7 CDB version
7.1 Track listing
7.2 Charts
7.2.1 Year-end charts
8 Asia's Got Talent judges version
8.1 Promotion
8.2 Track listing
8.3 Release history
9 Appearances in other media
10 References
11 External links
Background and composition[edit]
Prior to the production of Raise! and the song, the group had started to revive contemporary disco and funk music, as it declined within the late 1970s. While the band's albums I Am (1979) and Faces were critically and commercially acclaimed for reviving disco influenced composition, this was the same exact era where disco music was in fear of scrutiny and criticism. By the late 1970s, a strong anti-disco sentiment developed among rock fans and musicians, particularly in the United States.[2][3] The punk subculture in the United States and United Kingdom was often hostile towards disco.[2]
Critical reception[edit]
Ed Hogan from AllMusic said, "He brought in guitarist Roland Bautista and began co-writing, with Emotions member Wanda Vaughn and her husband Wayne Vaughn, a song that reflected the then-emerging electronic sound of the '80s. Not to be confused with the same-named hit by Archie Bell & the Drells, "Let's Groove" certainly was a change. Starting off with a robotic-sounding vocoder riff, it served up a more gritty-sounding EWF for the 1980s, laced with Brecker Brothers-supplied horn blasts that rival those of EWF's 1976 gold single 'Getaway'."[4] However, reviewing the parent album, William Ruhlmann said the song was a recycled mid-tempo tune from the mid-'70s, and stated that everything else sounded desultory and uninspired. He, however, highlighted the song as an album standout.[5]
Maxine Nelson from Yahoo! Voices listed the song at number 10 on the Top 10 Earth, Wind & Fire Songs list, saying "This is a classic EWF funky dance song."[6] Soultrain.com gave it a positive review while celebrating its 30th anniversary in 2011, stating ""Let’s Groove" has cinched such a nostalgic place in musical history that it is undeniably worthy of being honored [...]"[7] While reviewing Now, Then & Forever, Daniel Falconer said "Eager fans will want to indulge in the deluxe version of the compilation, which includes the timeless disco and soul anthem classics 'Boogie Wonderland', 'Let's Groove', 'September', 'After The Love Has Gone', 'Fantasy' and 'Shining Star'."[8]
"Let's Groove" was nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group.[9]
Commercial performance[edit]
The song peaked at number three in the US and in the UK.[10] It also spent eight weeks at number one on the Hot Soul Singles chart in late 1981 and early 1982 and was the second R&B song of 1982 on the year-end charts.[11]
The single sold over a million copies in the US and has been certified gold by the RIAA as until the RIAA lowered the sales levels for certified singles in 1989, a Gold single equaled 1 million units sold. "Let's Groove" was also certified silver in the UK by the British Phonographic Industry.[12][13]
Music video[edit]
The music video of "Let's Groove" was the first video ever to be played on Video Soul on BET.[14][15] The video, rich with vintage electronic effects, was created by Ron Hays using the Scanimate analog computer system at Image West, Ltd.[16]
The whole style of the music video later went on to influence Bruno Mars' "Treasure".[17]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Publication
Country
Accolade
Rank
1981 NME UK[18] Singles of the Year 16
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1981–1982)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[19] 15
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[20] 9
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[21] 7
France (IFOP)[22] 2
Ireland (IRMA)[23] 5
Italy (FIMI)[24] 24
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[25] 5
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[26] 5
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[27] 2
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[28] 8
Spain (AFYVE)[29] 10
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[30] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[31] 3
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[31] 3
US Billboard Hot Soul Singles[31] 1
US Cash Box[32] 3
US Record World[33] 4
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[34] 123
Chart (2013)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[34] 109
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1981)
Position
France (IFOP)[35] 30
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[36] 67
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[37] 54
US Cash Box[38] 17
Chart (1982)
Position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[39] 100
Canada (RPM Top 100 Singles)[40] 50
Italy (FIMI)[41] 66
US Billboard Hot 100[42] 33
US Billboard Hot Soul Singles[11] 2
US Top Disco/Dance Singles/Albums[43] 36
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[44]
Silver 250,000^
United States (RIAA)[45]
Gold 1,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Preceded by
"Take My Heart (You Can Have It If You Want It)" by Kool & the Gang US Billboard Hot Soul Singles number-one single
November 28, 1981 – January 16, 1982 (8 weeks) Succeeded by
"Turn Your Love Around" by George Benson
CDB version[edit]
"Let's Groove"
Single by CDB
from the album Glide with Me
Released
1995
Format
CD
Length
4:17
Label
Sony Music
Songwriter(s)
Maurice White
Wayne Vaughn
CDB singles chronology
"Hey Girl (This Is Our Time)"
(1994) "Let's Groove"
(1995) "Don't Stop"
(1996)
"Hey Girl (This Is Our Time)"
(1994) "Let's Groove"
(1995) "Don't Stop"
(1996)
The song was covered in 1995 by the Australian R&B band CDB. In Australia the song reached number two and was certified platinum for shipment of over 70,000 units.[46] At the ARIA Music Awards of 1996 "Let's Groove" won the Highest Selling Single category.[47]
Track listing[edit]
CD single (662147 2)[48]
"Let's Groove" – 4:17
"You Will Be Mine" – 4:07
"Let's Groove" (Summer Groove) – 5:05
"Let's Groove" (Instrumental) – 4:19
Charts[edit]
Chart (1996)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[46] 2
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[49] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1995)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[50] 8
Chart (1996)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[51] 80
New Zealand (RIANZ)[52] 14
Preceded by
"How Bizarre" by OMC New Zealand number-one single
February 18, 1996 – March 3, 1996 (3 weeks) Succeeded by
"Wonderwall" by Oasis
Asia's Got Talent judges version[edit]
"Let's Groove"
Single by Asia's Got Talent judges
Released
14 May 2015
Format
Digital download
Length
3:32
Label
Universal
Songwriter(s)
Maurice White
Wayne Vaughn
Producer(s)
David Foster
"Let's Groove" was covered by the Asia's Got Talent judges—David Foster, Anggun, Melanie C and Vanness Wu—and released as promotional single on 14 May 2015 by Universal.[53] It was released as charity single for Nepal earthquake and all the money raised was donated to the victims.[54] The version was produced by David Foster.[55]
Promotion[edit]
On May 14, 2015, the four artists performed the song in the final of first season of Asia's Got Talent.[56] On June 4, the Asia's Got Talent released the behind the scenes video of the recording.[57]
Track listing[edit]
Digital download[53]
"Let's Groove" – 3:32
Release history[edit]
Country
Date
Format
Label
Hong Kong[53]
14 May 2015 Digital download Universal
Indonesia[58]
Malaysia[59]
Singapore[60]
Vietnam[61]
Appearances in other media[edit]
In the second episode of the TV series That's My Bush!, "A Poorly Executed Plan", the song is featured in a running gag, where old frat buddies of George W. Bush sing this song together.[62]
The song is also available as downloadable content on the Xbox 360 game Lips.[63]
This song was featured in the Toujeo TV spot.[64]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, Ben (August 20, 2014). "Meghan Trainor Helps Count Down 10 Songs That Are All About That Bass". VH1. Retrieved October 27, 2014. This post-disco pop funk epic is centered on a relentless, repeating bassline that really does make you want to, uh, groove.
^ Jump up to: a b "R&B » Contemporary R&B » Disco". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gregg, Robert; McDonogh, Gary W.; Wong, Cindy H., eds. (2001). Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture. Routledge. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-415-16161-9. In fact, by 1977, before punk spread, there was a 'disco sucks' movement sponsored by radio stations that attracted some suburban white youth, who thought that disco was escapist, synthetic, and overproduced.
Jump up ^ Hogan, Ed. "Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Earth, Wind & Fire – Raise!". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Maxine (December 29, 2009). "Top 10 Earth, Wind & Fire Songs". Yahoo! Voices. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ali-Coleman, Khadijah Z. Ali-Coleman (August 22, 2012). "Turning 30: Earth, Wind and Fire's "Let's Groove"". Soul Train. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Falconer, Daniel (October 15, 2013). "Earth, Wind & Fire – 'Now, Then & Forever' – Album Review". Female First. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bio – Awards". Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. . Billboard. Earthwindandfire.com.
Jump up ^ Dean, Maury (2003). Rock N' Roll Gold Rush. Algora. p. 289. ISBN 0-87586-207-1.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs – 1982". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. . Billboard.
Jump up ^ "RIAA – Gold and Platinum – Let's Groove". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bailey, Philip; Zimmerman, Keith; Zimmerman, Kent (2014). Shining Star: Braving the Elements of Earth, Wind & Fire. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-101-60793-0.
Jump up ^ Prato, Greg (2011). MTV Ruled the World: The Early Years of Music Video. p. 184. ISBN 0-578-07197-5.
Jump up ^ Ron Hays Music – Image 1982 demo reel. YouTube. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ron. "Bruno Mars Represents Earth, Wind & Fire In "Treasure" Video". Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. . iAmBoiGenius.
Jump up ^ "Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – CHART POSITIONS PRE 1989". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 0460." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Accès direct aux Artistes". InfoDisc (in French). Select "Earth, Wind & Fire" from the artist drop-down menu. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Let's Groove". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "I singoli più venduti del 1982" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Creative Commons. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Earth, Wind & Fire - Let's Groove" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1969–1989 (E)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Raise! – Awards". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending DECEMBER 12, 1981". Archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Cash Box magazine.
Jump up ^ "Record World Singles" (PDF). Record World. December 12, 1981. p. 25. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lescharts.com – Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "TOP – 1981" (in French). Top-france.fr. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1981" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1981" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1981". Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. . Cash Box magazine.
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles – Volume 37, No. 19, December 25, 1982". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "I singoli più venduti del 1982" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Creative Commons. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits for 1982". The Longbored Surfer. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top Disco/Dance Singles/Albums". Billboard. 94 (51): 36. December 25, 1982. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Earth, Wind & Fire – Let's Groove". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Let's Groove in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Earth, Wind & Fire – Let_s Groove". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
^ Jump up to: a b "Australian-charts.com – CDB – Let's Groove". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Awards 2007 : History: Winners by Year". Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. . Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove by CDB". Rate Your Music. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – CDB – Let's Groove". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "1995: ARIA Singles Charts". ARIA Charts. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Australian Top 100 Singles 1996". Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. . The Australian Record Industry Association Ltd.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1996". Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Let's Groove – Single: David Foster, Anggun, Mel C & Vanness Wu". iTunes HK. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ho, Jovi (15 May 2015). "Asia's Got Talent Judges Release Charity Single for Nepal". Yahoo! News Singapore. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Asia's Got Talent Judges Release Charity Single "Let's Groove" (Earth, Wind & Fire) For Nepal Earthquake Relief". Getmusic Asia. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "WATCH: 'Asia's Got Talent' judges perform 'Let's Groove'". ABS-CBNnews.com. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove". Asia's Got Talent. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove – Single: David Foster, Anggun, Mel C & Vanness Wu". iTunes ID. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove – Single: David Foster, Anggun, Mel C & Vanness Wu". iTunes MY. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove – Single: David Foster, Anggun, Mel C & Vanness Wu". iTunes SG. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove – Single: David Foster, Anggun, Mel C & Vanness Wu". iTunes VN. May 15, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Westwood, Wild Willie. "The Secrets of "That's My Bush"". Spscriptorium.com. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Let's Groove". Marketplace.xbox.com. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Toujeo TV Spot, 'Daily Groove'". iSpot.tv. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Earth, Wind & Fire
Philip Bailey
Verdine White
Ralph Johnson
B. David Whitworth
Myron McKinley
John Paris
Philip Bailey, Jr.
Morris O'Connor
Serg Dimitrijevic
Maurice White
Michael Beale
Leslie Drayton
Wade Flemons
Yackov Ben Israel
Sherry Scott
Carl Carwell
Alexander Thomas
Chester Washington
Don Whitehead
Roland Bautista
Jessica Cleaves
Larry Dunn
Ronnie Laws
Johnny Graham
Al McKay
Andrew Woolfolk
Fred White
Beloyd Taylor
Sonny Emory
Sheldon Reynolds
Dick Smith
Vance Taylor
Fred Ravel
Morris Pleasure
David Romero
Mike McKnight
Robert Brookins
Gordon Campbell
Bobby Gonzales
Daniel de los Reyes
Kimberly Brewer
John Johnson
Krystal Bailey
Kim Johnson
Greg "G-Mo" Moore
Vadim Zilberstein
Don Myrick
Studio albums
Earth, Wind & Fire
The Need of Love
Last Days and Time
Head to the Sky
Open Our Eyes
That's the Way of the World
Spirit
All 'n All
I Am
Faces
Raise!
Powerlight
Electric Universe
Touch the World
Heritage
Millennium
In the Name of Love
The Promise
Illumination
Now, Then & Forever
Holiday
Compilations
and live albums
Another Time
Gratitude
The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1
The Collection
The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 2
The Eternal Dance
Elements of Love: Ballads
Greatest Hits Live
Greatest Hits
The Ultimate Collection
The Essential Earth, Wind & Fire
That's the Way of the World: Alive in 75
Live in Rio
Love Songs
Ultimate Collection
Singles
"Evil"
"Keep Your Head to the Sky"
"Mighty Mighty"
"Devotion"
"Shining Star"
"That's the Way of the World"
"Reasons"
"Sing a Song"
"Can't Hide Love"
"Getaway"
"Saturday Nite"
"Serpentine Fire"
"Fantasy"
"Got to Get You into My Life"
"September"
"Boogie Wonderland"
"After the Love Has Gone"
"In the Stone"
"Let Me Talk"
"And Love Goes On"
"Let's Groove"
"Wanna Be with You"
"I've Had Enough"
"Fall in Love with Me"
"System of Survival"
"Thinking of You"
"Sunday Morning"
"All in the Way"
"Pure Gold"
Other albums
Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
Videos
Earth, Wind & Fire: In Concert
The Eternal Vision
Earth, Wind & Fire: Live
Earth, Wind & Fire: Live By Request
Chicago & Earth, Wind & Fire – Live at the Greek Theatre
Related articles
Ramsey Lewis
The Pharaohs
Charles Stepney
The Phenix Horns
The Emotions
Devoted Spirits: A Tribute to Earth Wind and Fire
Interpretations: Celebrating the Music of Earth, Wind & Fire
Kalimba Music
Lists
Discography
Awards and nominations
Tribute albums
Personnel
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
CDB
Andrew De Silva
Gary Pinto
Brad Pinto'
Danny Williams
Jude Nicholas
Studio albums
Glide with Me
Lifted
Tailored for Now
Compilation albums
The Essential CDB
Singles
"Hook Me Up"
"Hey Girl (This Is Our Time)"
"Let's Groove"
"Don't Stop"
"Good Times"
"Back Then"
"Let It Whip"
"After the Love Has Gone" (with Tommy Emmanuel)
"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me" (with Renée Geyer)
"P.Y.T."
[show]
v
t
e
Melanie C singles
Discography
Northern Star
"Goin' Down"
"Northern Star"
"Never Be the Same Again"
"I Turn to You"
"If That Were Me"
Reason
"Here It Comes Again"
"On the Horizon"
"Melt"
"Yeh Yeh Yeh"
Beautiful Intentions
"Next Best Superstar"
"Better Alone"
"First Day of My Life"
This Time
"The Moment You Believe"
"I Want Candy"
"Carolyna"
"This Time"
"Understand"
The Sea
"Rock Me"
"Think About It"
"Weak"
"Let There Be Love"
Stages
"I Know Him So Well"
Version of Me
"Anymore"
Featured singles
"When You're Gone"
"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"
"Let's Groove"
Other songs
"Follow Me
"Let's Love"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Numb"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Let%27s_Groove&oldid=841043179"
Categories:
1981 songs
1981 singles
1995 singles
2015 singles
Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles
Columbia Records singles
Earth, Wind & Fire songs
CDB (band) songs
Melanie C songs
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Post-disco songs
Songs written by Maurice White
Sony Music Entertainment singles
Universal Music Group singles
Songs about dancing
Hidden categories:
CS1 French-language sources (fr)
CS1 Italian-language sources (it)
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
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Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Flanders
Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles
Singlechart called without artist
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Singlechart usages for Ireland2
Singlechart usages for Dutch40
Singlechart usages for Dutch100
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