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Dayananda Saraswati
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This article is about the founder of the Arya Samaj. For other uses, see Swami Dayananda (disambiguation).
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Religion
Hinduism
Founder of
Arya Samaj
Philosophy
Vedanta
Personal
Nationality
Indian
Born
Mul Shankar Tiwari or Mulshankar Karasandas Tiwari /Shuddha Chaitanya as Brahmachari
(1824-02-24)24 February 1824
Tankara, Gujarat
Died
30 October 1883(1883-10-30) (aged 59)[1]
Ajmer, Rajasthan
Guru
Virajanand Dandeesha
Literary works
Satyarth Prakash (1875)
Honors
Sindhi Marhu
Influenced
Madam Cama, Pandit Lekh Ram, Swami Shraddhanand, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Ram Prasad Bismil, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Swami Shraddhanand, Mahatma Hansraj, Lala Lajpat Rai
Quotation
"Om vishwani dev savitar duritani parasuv yad bhadram tanna aasuva."
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v
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Dayanand Saraswati pronunciation (help·info) (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) was an Indian religious leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic dharma. He was also a renowned scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak.[2][3] Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, he worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. Subsequently, the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan called him one of the "makers of Modern India", as did Sri Aurobindo.[4][5][6]
Those who were influenced by and followed Dayananda included Madam Cama, Pandit Lekh Ram, Swami Shraddhanand, Pandit Guru Dutt Vidyarthi,[7] Shyamji Krishna Varma (who established India House in England for Freedom fighters,) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Ram Prasad Bismil, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ashfaq Ullah Khan[8] Swami Shraddhanand, Mahatma Hansraj, Lala Lajpat Rai,[9][10] and others. One of his most influential works is the book Satyarth Prakash, which contributed to the Indian independence movement.
He was a sanyasi (ascetic) from boyhood, and a scholar. He believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Maharshi Dayananda advocated the doctrine of Karma and Reincarnation. He emphasized the Vedic ideals of brahmacharya, including celibacy and devotion to God.
Among Maharshi Dayananda's contributions are his promoting of the equal rights for women, such as the right to education and reading of Indian scriptures, and his commentary on the Vedas from Vedic Sanskrit in Sanskrit as well as in Hindi.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Dayanand's mission
2.1 Activities
3 Arya Samaj
4 Views on superstitions
5 Views on other religions
5.1 Islam
5.2 Christianity
5.3 Sikhism
5.4 Jainism
5.5 Buddhism
6 Assassination attempts
7 Assassination
8 Legacy
9 Works
9.1 Complete list of works
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Early life[edit]
Dayananda Saraswati was born on the 10th day of waning moon in the month of Purnimanta Falguna (<As the tithi Falguna Krishna Dashami falls on 24th February and not on 12th February, 1824>24 February 1824) on the tithi to a Hindu family[11] in Jeevapar Tankara, Kathiawad region (now Morbi district of Gujarat.)[12][13] His original name was Mul Shankar because he was born in Dhanu Rashi and Mul Nakshatra. His father was Karshanji Lalji Tiwari, a wealthy tax collector, and his mother was Amrutbai. His father also served as the head of an eminent Hindu family of the village. As such Dayanand led a comfortable early life, learning Sanskrit and studying the Vedas and other religious texts.[14][15]
When he was eight years old, his Yajnopavita Sanskara ceremony was performed, marking his entry into formal education. His father was a follower of Shiva and taught him the ways to impress Shiva. He was also taught the importance of keeping fasts. On the occasion of Shivratri, Dayananda sat awake the whole night in obedience to Shiva. On one of these fasts, he saw a mouse eating the offerings and running over the idol's body. After seeing this, he questioned that if Shiva could not defend himself against a mouse, then how could he be the savior of the massive world.[citation needed]
The deaths of his younger sister and his uncle from cholera caused Dayananda to ponder the meaning of life and death. He began asking questions which worried his parents. He was engaged in his early teens, but he decided marriage was not for him and ran away from home in 1846.[16][17]
Dayananda Saraswati spent nearly twenty-five years, from 1845 to 1869, as a wandering ascetic, searching for religious truth. He gave up material goods and lived a life of self-denial, devoting himself to spiritual pursuits in forests, retreats in the Himalayan Mountains, and pilgrimage sites in northern India. During these years he practiced various forms of yoga and became a disciple of a religious teacher named Virajanand Dandeesha. Virajanand believed that Hinduism had strayed from its historical roots and that many of its practices had become impure. Dayananda Sarasvati promised Virajanand that he would devote his life to restoring the rightful place of the Vedas in the Hindu faith.[18]
Dayanand's mission[edit]
Aum or Om is considered by the Arya Samaj to be the highest and most proper name of God
Dayanand's mission was to ask humankind for universal brotherhood through nobility as stated in the Vedas. He believed that Hinduism had been corrupted by divergence from the founding principles of the Vedas and that Hindus had been misled by the priesthood for the priests' self-aggrandizement. For this mission, he founded the Arya Samaj, enunciating the Ten Universal Principles as a code for Universalism, called Krinvanto Vishwaryam. With these principles, he intended the whole world to be an abode for Nobles (Aryas).
His next step was to reform Hinduism with a new dedication to God. He traveled the country challenging religious scholars and priests to discussions, winning repeatedly through the strength of his arguments and knowledge of Sanskrit and Vedas.[19] Hindu priests discouraged the laity from reading Vedic scriptures, and encouraged rituals, such as bathing in the Ganges River and feeding of priests on anniversaries, which Dayananda pronounced as superstitions or self-serving practices. By exhorting the nation to reject such superstitious notions, his aim was to educate the nation to return to the teachings of the Vadis, and to follow the Vadic way of life. He also exhorted the Hindu nation to accept social reforms, including the importance of Cows for national prosperity as well as the adoption of Hindi as the national language for national integration. Through his daily life and practice of yoga and asanas, teachings, preaching, sermons and writings, he inspired the Hindu nation to aspire to Swarajya (self governance), nationalism, and spiritualism. He advocated the equal rights and respects to women and advocated for the education of all children, regardless of gender.
Swami Dayanand also logical, scientific and critical analyses of faiths including Christianity & Islam, as well as of other Indian faiths like Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. In addition to discouraging idolatry in Hinduism,[20] he was also against what he considered to be the corruption of the true and pure faith in his own country. Unlike many other reform movements of his times within Hinduism, the Arya Samaj's appeal was addressed not only to the educated few in India, but to the world as a whole as evidenced in the sixth principle of the Arya Samaj. As a result, his teachings professed universalism for all the living beings and not for any particular sect, faith, community or nation.
Arya Samaj allows and encourages converts to Hinduism. Dayananda's concept of dharma is stated in the "Beliefs and Disbeliefs" section of Satyartha Prakash, he says:
"I accept as Dharma whatever is in full conformity with impartial justice, truthfulness and the like; that which is not opposed to the teachings of God as embodied in the Vedas. Whatever is not free from partiality and is unjust, partaking of untruth and the like, and opposed to the teachings of God as embodied in the Vedas—that I hold as adharma."
"He, who after careful thinking, is ever ready to accept truth and reject falsehood; who counts the happiness of others as he does that of his own self, him I call just."
—  Satyarth Prakash
Dayananda's Vedic message emphasized respect and reverence for other human beings, supported by the Vedic notion of the divine nature of the individual. In the ten principles of the Arya Samaj, he enshrined the idea that "All actions should be performed with the prime objective of benefiting mankind", as opposed to following dogmatic rituals or revering idols and symbols. The first five principles speak of Truth, while the last five speak of a society with nobility, civics, co-living, and disciplined life. In his own life, he interpreted moksha to be a lower calling, as it argued for benefits to the individual, rather than calling to emancipate others.
Dayananda's "back to the Vedas" message influenced many thinkers and philosophers the world over.[21]
Activities[edit]
Dayanand is recorded to have been active since he was 14, which time he was able to recite religious verses and teach about them. He was respected at the time for taking parts in religious debates. His debates were attended by relatively large crowd of the public.
One of the most important debates took place on 22 October 1869 in Varanasi, where he won a debate against 27 scholars and approximately 12 expert pandits. The debate recorded to have been attended by over 50,000 people. The main topic was "Do the Vedas uphold deity worship?"[22][23]
Arya Samaj[edit]
Main article: Arya Samaj
Swami Dayananda Saraswati's creations, the Arya Samaj, condemns practices of several different religions and communities, including such practices as idol worship, animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, priest craft, offerings made in temples, the castes, child marriages, meat eating and discrimination against women. He argues that all of these practices run contrary to good sense and the wisdom of the Vedas. The Arya Samaj discourages dogma and symbolism and encourages skepticism in beliefs that run contrary to common sense and logic.
Views on superstitions[edit]
He severely criticized the practice what he considered superstitions, including sorcery, and astrology, which were prevalent in India at the time. Below are several quotes from his book, Sathyarth Prakash:
"They should also counsel then against all things that lead to superstition, and are opposed to true religion and science, so that they may never give credence to such imaginary things as ghosts(Bhuts) and spirits (Preta)."
—  Satyarth Prakash
"All alchemists, magicians, sorcerers, wizards, spiritists, etc. are cheats and all their practices should be looked upon as nothing but downright fraud. Young people should be well counseled against all these frauds, in their very childhood, so that they may not suffer through being duped by any unprincipled person."
—  Satyarth Prakash
On Astrology, he wrote,
when these ignorant people go to an astrologer and say " O Sir! What is wrong with this person'? He replies "The sun and other stars are maleficent to him. If you were to perform a propitiatory ceremony, or have magic formulas chanted, or prayers said, or specific acts of charity done, he will recover. Otherwise I should not be surprised, even if he were to lose his life after a long period of suffering."
Inquirer - Well, Mr. Astrologer, you know, the sun and other stars are but inanimate things like this earth of ours. They can do nothing but give light, heat, etc. Do you take them for conscious being possessed of human passions, of pleasure and anger, that when offended, bring on pain and misery, and when propitiated, bestow happiness on human beings?
Astrologer - Is it not through the influence of stars, then, that some people are rich and others poor, some are rulers, whilst other are their subjects?
Inq. - No, it is all the result of their deeds….good or bad.
Ast. - Is the Science of stars untrue then?
Inq. - No, that part of it which comprises Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, etc., and which goes by the name of Astronomy is true; but the other part that treats of the influence of stars on human beings and their actions and goes by the name of Astrology is all false.
—  Chapter 2.2 Satyarth Prakash
He makes a clear distinction between jyotisha shaastra and astrology, calling astrology a fraud.
"Thereafter, they should thoroughly study the Jyotisha Shaastra - which includes Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Geography, Geology and astronomy in two years. They should also have practical training in these Sciences, learn the proper handling of instruments, master their mechanism, and know how to use them. But they should regard Astrology - which treats of the influence of stars and constellation on the destinies of man, of auspiciousness and nonauspiciousness of time, of horoscopes, etc. - as a fraud, and never learn or teach any books on this subject.
—  Under "The scheme of studies" Page 73 of English Version Satyarth Prakash
Views on other religions[edit]
Dayanand Saraswati is noted to have thoroughly studied religions other than Hinduism, including Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity, Sikhism, and others. He described these religions in the chapters of his book Satyarth Prakash, though his analysis seemed critical.[24]
Islam[edit]
See also: Criticism of Islam
He viewed Islam to be waging wars and immorality. He doubted that Islam had anything to do with the God, and questioned why a God would hate every non-believer, allowing slaughter of animals, and command Muhammad to slaughter innocent people.[25]
He further described Muhammad as "imposter", and one who held out "a bait to men and women, in the name of God, to compass his own selfish needs". He regarded Quran as "Not the Word of God. It is a human work. Hence it cannot be believed in".[26]
Christianity[edit]
See also: Criticism of Christianity and Criticism of Jesus § Dayanand Saraswati
His analysis of the Bible was based on the comparison with scientific evidences, morality, and other properties, though he states that the Bible contains many stories and precepts that are immoral, praising cruelty, deceit and that encourage sin.[27] One notes many discrepancies and fallacies of logic after reading Chapter XIII of Satyarth Prakash, showing e.g. that God fearing Adam eating the fruit of life and becoming his equal displays jealousy. His critique has shown many logical fallacies in the Bible, and throughout he asserts that the events depicted in the Bible portray God as a man rather than an Omniscient, Omnipotent or Complete being.
He opposed the perpetual virginity of Mary, he added that such doctrines are simply against the nature of law, and that God will never break his own law because God is Omniscient and infallible.
The Arya Samaj journal, The Regenerator of the Aryavata, called Christian missionaries "pernicious" and "foul".[28]:70
Sikhism[edit]
He regarded Guru Nanak as "not much literate",[29] who was quite ignorant about the Vedas, Sanskrit, the Shashtras. Otherwise, according to Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Guru Nanak wouldn't be mistaken with words. A Sikh scholar wrote a response, to which Dayanand Saraswati replied that his opinion had undergone a change after having visited the Punjab, and the remarks about Sikhism would be removed in the subsequent edition of his work. However, these remarks were never removed after the assassination of Dayanand Saraswati, and later editions of Satyarth Prakash were even more critical of Sikhism.[30]
He further pointed that followers of Sikhism are to be blamed for making up stories that Guru Nanak possessed miraculous powers and had met the Gods. He slammed Guru Gobind Singh, and other Gurus to have "invented fictitious stories", although he also recognized Guru Gobind Singh to "indeed a very brave man".[31]
Jainism[edit]
See also: Criticism of Jainism
He regarded Jainism as "a most dreadful religion", writing that Jains were intolerant and hostile towards the non-Jains.[32]
Buddhism[edit]
See also: Criticism of Buddhism
Dayanand described Buddhism as "anti-vedic" and "atheistic".[33] He describes the type of "salvation" Buddhism as being attainable even to dogs and donkeys. He further criticized the Cosmogony of Buddhism, stating that the earth was not created.
Assassination attempts[edit]
Dayananda was subjected to many unsuccessful attempts on his life.[22]
According to his supporters, he was poisoned on few occasions, but due to his regular practice of Hatha Yoga he survived all such attempts. One story tells that attackers once attacked attempted to drown him in a river, but Dayanand dragged the assailants into the river instead, though he released them before they drowned.[34] Another account tells that he was attacked by Muslims who were offended by his criticism of Islam while meditating on the Ganges river. They threw him into the water but he saved himself because his pranayama practice allowed him to stay under water until the attackers left.[35]
Assassination[edit]
In 1883, the Maharaja of Jodhpur Swami, Jaswant Singh II, invited Dayananda to stay at his palace. The Maharaja was eager to become Dayananda's disciple, and to learn his teachings. During his stay, Dayananda went to the Maharaja's rest room and saw him with a dancing girl named Nanhi Jaan. Dayananda asked the Maharaja to forsake the girl and all unethical acts, and to follow the dharma like a true Aryan. Dayananda's suggestion offended Nanhi, who decided to take revenge.[1]
On 29 September 1883, she bribed Dayananda's cook, Jagannath, to mix small pieces of glass in his nightly milk.[36] Dayananda was served glass-laden milk before bed, which he promptly drank, becoming bedridden for several days, and suffering excruciating pain. The Maharaja quickly arranged doctor's services for him. However, by the time doctors arrived, his condition had worsened, and he had developed large, bleeding sores. Upon seeing Dayananda's suffering, Jagannath was overwhelmed with guilt and confessed his crime to Dayananda. On his deathbed, Dayananda forgave him, and gave him a bag of money, telling him to flee the kingdom before he was found and executed by the Maharaja's men.[1]
Later, Maharaja arranged for Swamiji to be sent to Mount Abu as per the advice of Residency, however, after staying for some time in Abu, Swamji was sent to Ajmer for better medical care. On 26 October 1883.[36] There was no improvement in his health and he died on the morning of 30 October 1883 at 6:00 am, chanting mantras. The day coincided with Hindu festival of Diwali.[36][relevant? – discuss]
Legacy[edit]
Maharshi Dayanand University in Rohtak, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University in Ajmer, DAV University in Jalandhar are named after him. So are over 800+ schools and colleges under D.A.V. College Managing Committee, including Dayanand College at Ajmer. Industrialist Nanji Kalidas Mehta built the Maharshi Dayanand Science College and donated it to the Education Society of Porbandar, after naming it after Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
Dayananda Saraswati is most notable for influencing the freedom movement of India. His views and writings have been used by different writers, including Shyamji Krishna Varma, who founded India House in London and guided other revolutionaries was influenced by him; Subhas Chandra Bose; Lala Lajpat Rai; Madam Cama; Vinayak Damodar Savarkar; Lala Hardayal; Madan Lal Dhingra; Ram Prasad Bismil; Mahadev Govind Ranade;[8] Swami Shraddhanand; S. Satyamurti; Pandit Lekh Ram; Mahatma Hansraj; Rajiv Dixit; and others.
He also had a notable influence on Bhagat Singh.[37] Singh, after finishing primary school, had joined the Dayanand Anglo Vedic Middle School, of Mohan Lal road, in Lahore.[38] Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, on Shivratri day, 24 February 1964, wrote about Dayananda:
Swami Dayananda ranked highest among the makers of modern India. He had worked tirelessly for the political, religious and cultural emancipation of the country. He was guided by reason, taking Hinduism back to the Vedic foundations. He had tried to reform society with a clean sweep, which was again need today. Some of the reforms introduced in the Indian Constitution had been inspired by his teachings.[39]
The places Dayanand visited during his life were often changed culturally as a result.[citation needed] Jodhpur adopted Hindi as main language, and later the present day Rajasthan did the same.[40] Other admirers included Swami Vivekananda,[41] Ramakrishna,[42] Bipin Chandra Pal,[43] Vallabhbhai Patel,[44] Syama Prasad Mookerjee, and Romain Rolland, who regarded Dayananda as a remarkable and unique figure.[45]
American Spiritualist Andrew Jackson Davis described Dayanand's influence on him, calling Dayanand a "Son of God", and applauding him for restoring the status of the Nation.[46] Sten Konow, a Swedish scholar noted that Dayanand revived the history of India.[47]
Others who were notably influenced by him include Ninian Smart, and Benjamin Walker.[48]
Works[edit]
Dayananda Saraswati wrote more than 60 works in all, including a 16 volume explanation of the six Vedangas, an incomplete commentary on the Ashtadhyayi (Panini's grammar), several small tracts on ethics and morality, Vedic rituals and sacraments, and a piece on the analysis of rival doctrines (such as Advaita Vedanta, Islam and Christianity). Some of his major works include the Satyarth Prakash, Satyarth Bhumika, Sanskarvidhi, RigvedadiBhashyaBhumika, Rigved Bhashyam (up to 7/61/2)and Yajurved Bhashyam. The Paropakarini Sabha located in the Indian city of Ajmer was founded by the Swami himself to publish and preach his works and Vedic texts.
Complete list of works[edit]
Sandhya (Unavailable) (1863)
Bhagwat Khandnam OR Paakhand Khandan OR Vaishnavmat Khandan (1866)[49]
Advaitmat Khandan (Unavailable) (1870)
Panchmahayajya Vidhi (1874 & 1877)
Satyarth Prakash (1875 & 1884)
VedantiDhwant Nivaran (1875)
Vedviruddh mat Khandan OR Vallabhacharya mat Khandan (1875)
ShikshaPatri Dhwant Nivaran OR SwamiNarayan mat Khandan (1875)
VedBhashyam Namune ka PRATHAM Ank (1875)
VedBhashyam Namune ka DWITIYA Ank (1876)
Aryabhivinaya (Incomplete) (1876)
Sanskarvidhi (1877 & 1884)
AaryoddeshyaRatnaMaala (1877)
RigvedAadibBhasyaBhumika (1878)
Rigved Bhashyam (7/61/1,2 only) (Incomplete) (1877 to 1899)
Yajurved Bhashyam (Complete) (1878 to 1889)
Asthadhyayi Bhashya (2 Parts) (Incomplete) (1878 to 1879)
Vedang Prakash (Set of 16 Books)
Varnoccharan Shiksha (1879)
Sanskrit Vakyaprabodhini (1879)
VyavaharBhanu (1879)
Sandhi Vishay
Naamik
Kaarak
Saamaasik
Taddhit
Avyayaarth
Aakhyatik
Sauvar
PaariBhaasik
Dhatupath
Ganpaath
Unaadikosh
Nighantu
Gautam Ahilya ki katha (Unavailable) (1879)
Bhrantinivaran (1880)
Bhrmocchedan (1880)
AnuBhrmocchedan (1880)
GokarunaNidhi (1880)
Chaturved Vishay Suchi (1971)
Gadarbh Taapni Upnishad (As per Babu Devendranath Mukhopadhyay) (Unavailable)
Hugli Shastrarth tatha Pratima Pujan Vichar (1873)
Jaalandhar Shastrarth (1877)
Satyasatya Vivek (Bareily Shastrarth) (1879)
Satyadharm Vichar (Mela Chandapur) (1880)
Kashi Shastrarth (1880) Note:- For other miscellaneous Shastrarth please read 1.Dayanand Shastrarth Sangrah published by Arsh Sahitya Prachar Trust, Delhi and 2. Rishi Dayanand ke Shastrarth evam Pravachan published by Ramlal Kapoor Trust Sonipat (Haryana).
Arya Samaj ke Niyam aur Upniyam (30 November 1874)
Updesh Manjari (Puna Pravachan) (4 July 1875) (Please see point 2 of note for some more Pravachan)
Swami Dayanand dwara swakathit Janm Charitra (During Puna pravachan) (4 August 1875)
Swami Dayanand dwara swakathit Janm Charitra, for the Theosophist Society's monthly Journal: Nov & 1 Dec
Rishi Dayanand ke Patra aur Vigyapan
See also[edit]
Cow protection movement
List of Hindu gurus and saints
Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Dr.Krant'M.L.Verma Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas (Volume-2) Page-347
Jump up ^ Aurobindo Ghosh, Bankim Tilak Dayanand (Calcutta 1947 p1)"Lokmanya Tilak also said that Swami Dayanand was the first who proclaimed Swaraj for Bharatpita i.e.India."
Jump up ^ Dayanand Saraswati Commentary on Yajurved (Lazarus Press Banaras 1876)
Jump up ^ Radhakrishnan, S. (2005). Living with a Purpose. Orient Paperbacks. p. 34. ISBN 81-222-0031-1.
Jump up ^ Kumar, Raj (2003). "5. Swami Dayananda Saraswati: Life and Works". Essays on modern Indian Abuse. Discovery Publishing House. p. 62. ISBN 81-7141-690-X.
Jump up ^ Salmond, Noel Anthony (2004). "3. Dayananda Saraswati". Hindu iconoclasts: Rammohun Roy, Dayananda Sarasvati and nineteenth-century polemics against idolatry. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 65. ISBN 0-88920-419-5.
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Jump up ^ Lala Lajpat Rai (Indian writer, politician and Escort) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
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Jump up ^ Sinhal, Meenu (2009). Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 3. ISBN 81-8430-017-4.
Jump up ^ Garg, Ganga Ram (1986). "1. Life and Teachings". World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Concept Publishing Company. p. 4.
Jump up ^ "Dayanand Saraswati". iloveindia.com. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swami Dayanand Saraswati". culturalindia.net. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sarasvati, Dayananda - World Religions Reference Library". World Religions Reference Library – via HighBeam Research (subscription required). 1 January 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Swami Dayananda Sarasvati by V. Sundaram". Boloji. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Light of Truth". Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Gandhi on Pluralism and Communalism", p. 38, by P. L. John Panicker
^ Jump up to: a b "The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers", by Clifford Sawhney, p. 123
Jump up ^ "Swami Dayanand Saraswati", by Meenu Sinhal, p. 17
Jump up ^ "Gandhi on Pluralism and Communalism", p.30-40
Jump up ^ Title = "Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Volume 19, Issue 1", publisher = ICPR, year = 2002, page = 73
Jump up ^ Saraswati, Dayanand (1875). "An Examination Of The Doctrine Of Islam". Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth). Varanasi, India: Star Press. pp. 672–683. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dayānanda Sarasvatī, his life and ideas", p. 267, by J. T. F. Jordens
Jump up ^ Maria Misra. Vishnu's Crowded Temple: India Since the Great Rebellion. Yale University Press.
Jump up ^ Satyarth Prakash 2nd Edition Chapter 11>"Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab ..., Volume 1", p. 15, by Ram Narayan Kumar
Jump up ^ "Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh". sikhinstitute.org. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "God save India", p. 9, by V. S. Godbole
Jump up ^ Panicker, P. L. John (2006). Gandhi on Pluralism and Communalism. ISPCK. p. 39.
Jump up ^ "Hindu Nationalists of Modern India", page. 14
Jump up ^ "Remembering Our Leaders: Dayanand Saraswati" by A.K. Srikumar", p. 60
Jump up ^ Vandematharam Veerabhadra Rao: Life Sketch of Swami Dayananda, Delhi 1987 page 13
^ Jump up to: a b c World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati By Gaṅgā Rām Garg :pp 96-98
Jump up ^ "Swami Dayanand Saraswati", by Dhanpati Pandey, p. 8, year = 1985
Jump up ^ Encyclopaedia of eminent thinkers, Volume 7, by K. S. Bharath, p. 188
Jump up ^ "World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati", p. 198
Jump up ^ "Perspectives on Ethnicity" by Regina E. Holloman, Serghei A. Arutiunov, p. 344-345
Jump up ^ "Contemporary Indian Philosophy" By Basant Kumar Lal p. 3
Jump up ^ "Ramakrishna and His Disciples", by Christopher Isherwood, p. 159
Jump up ^ "Indian religious historiography, Volume 1", by Narendra Nath Bhattacharyya, p. 58
Jump up ^ "Swami Dayananda Sarasvati: A Study of His Life and Work", p. 327, by Krishan Singh Arya, P. D. Shastri
Jump up ^ "Resurgent India", by Sisirkumar Mitra, Aurobindo Ghose, year = 1963, p. 166
Jump up ^ Beyond the Valley: A Sequel to "The Magic Staff", by Andrew Jackson, p. 383
Jump up ^ "Dayanand Commemoration Volume: A Homage to Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati, from India and the World, in Celebration of the Dayanand Nirvana Ardha Shatabdi", p. 164, year = 1933
Jump up ^ Ninian Smart & Benjamin Walker were influenced by Dayananda Saraswati
Jump up ^ "Bhagwat Khandan - Swami Dayanand Saraswati". Internet Archive. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
Further reading[edit]
Dayananda Saraswati, Founder of Arya Samaj, by Arjan Singh Bawa. Published by Ess Ess Publications, 1979 (1st edition:1901).
Swami Dayanand Saraswati, by Dhanpati Pandey. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1985.
World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati , Ganga Ram Garg. Concept Publishing Company. 1986.
Indian Political Tradition, by D.K Mohanty. Published by Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. ISBN 81-261-2033-9. Chapter 4: Dayananda Saraswati Page 92.
Rashtra Pitamah Swami Dayanand Saraswati by Rajender Sethi (M R Sethi Educational Trust Chandigarh 2006)
Aurobindo Ghosh, in Bankim Tilak Dayanand (Calcutta 1947 p 1, 39)
Arya Samaj And The Freedom Movement by K C Yadav & K S Arya -Manohar Publications Delhi 1988
The Prophets of the New India, Romain Roland p. 97 (1930)
Satyarth Prakash (1875) Light of Truth – first English translation 1908 [1] [2]
R̥gvedādi-bhāṣya-bhūmikā / An Introduction to the Commentary on the Vedas. ed. B. Ghasi Ram, Meerut (1925). reprints 1981, 1984 [3] Archived 28 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Glorious Thoughts of Swami Dayananda. ed. New Book Society of India, 1966 Dayananda Saraswati at Google Books
An introduction to the commentary on the Vedas. Jan Gyan-Prakashan, 1973. An Introduction To The Commentary On The VEDAS: Dayananda Flipkart.com review
Autobiography, ed. Kripal Chandra Yadav, New Delhi : Manohar, 1978. Autobiography of dayanand saraswati ISBN 0685196682
Yajurvēda bhāṣyam : Samskr̥tabhāṣyaṃ, Āndhraṭīkātātparyaṃ, Āṅglabhāvārthasahitaṅgā, ed. Mar̲r̲i Kr̥ṣṇāreḍḍi, Haidarābād : Vaidika Sāhitya Pracāra Samiti, 2005.
The philosophy of religion in India, Delhi : Bharatiya Kala Prakashan, 2005, ISBN 81-8090-079-7
Krant Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas (2006) Delhi: Pravina Prakasana ISBN 81-7783-122-4 (3 vol. set)
Prem Lata, Swami Dayananda Sarasvati (1990) [4]
Autobiography of Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1976) [5]
M. Ruthven, Fundamentalism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, USA (2007), ISBN 978-0-19-921270-5.
N. A. Salmond, Hindu Iconoclasts: Rammohun Roy, Dayananda Sarasvati and nineteenth-century polemics against Idolatry (2004) [6]
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
स्वामी दयानंद सरस्वती
Dayananda Saraswati at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Works by or about Dayananda Saraswati at Internet Archive
For date of birth 12-2-1824 forged by British Islamic India, who made the Arya Samaj Act of 1937 to sabotage the 13th Samskara of Hindu marriages.
Dayanand Saraswati (1824-1883)
Life and Teaching of Swami Dayanand
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The First Cut Is the Deepest
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see The First Cut Is the Deepest (disambiguation).
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
Song by Cat Stevens
from the album New Masters
Released
December 1967
Recorded
October 1967
Genre
Rock
Length
3:03
Label
Deram, Decca
Songwriter(s)
Cat Stevens
Producer(s)
Mike Hurst
"The First Cut Is the Deepest" is a 1967 song written by Cat Stevens, originally released by P. P. Arnold in May 1967. Stevens' own version originally appeared on his album New Masters in December 1967.
The song has been widely recorded and has become a hit single for five different artists: P. P. Arnold (1967), Keith Hampshire (1973), Rod Stewart (1977), Papa Dee (1995) and Sheryl Crow (2003).
Contents
[hide]
1 Cat Stevens version
1.1 Personnel
2 P. P. Arnold version
3 Keith Hampshire version
4 Rod Stewart version
4.1 Chart performance
4.1.1 Weekly singles charts
4.1.2 Year-end charts
5 Papa Dee version
5.1 Critical reception
5.2 Chart performance
5.2.1 Weekly charts
6 Sheryl Crow version
6.1 Music video
6.2 Chart performance
6.2.1 Weekly charts
6.2.2 Year-end charts
7 References
8 External links
Cat Stevens version[edit]
Stevens made a demo recording of "The First Cut Is the Deepest" in 1965, but originally hoped to become a songwriter.[1] He wrote the song earlier to promote his songs to other artists, but did not record it as his own performance until early October 1967 with guitarist Big Jim Sullivan, and it did not appear until his second album, New Masters, was released in December 1967. He sold the song for £30 to P.P. Arnold, and it became a huge hit for her,[2] as well as an international hit for Keith Hampshire, Rod Stewart, and Sheryl Crow. The song has won Stevens songwriting awards, including two consecutive ASCAP songwriting awards for "Songwriter of the Year" in 2005 and 2006.[3]
Personnel[edit]
Cat Stevens - lead and backing vocals, acoustic guitar, piano
Big Jim Sullivan - electric guitar
Herbie Flowers - bass guitar
Chris Hunt - drums
P. P. Arnold version[edit]
American expatriate singer P. P. Arnold had the first hit with the song, reaching number 18 on the UK Singles Chart[4] with her version in May 1967, well ahead of the song appearing on Stevens' album. The Arnold hit featured an up-tempo, soulful vocal set against harpsichord, horns, and strings. It also appeared in the feature film Seven Psychopaths.
Keith Hampshire version[edit]
Keith Hampshire had the first chart-topping hit of the song when his recording of it became a number one hit in Canada in 1973, reaching the top of the RPM 100 national singles chart on 12 May of that year.[5] It also topped the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart.[6] This recording also charted in the US, albeit outside the top 40.
Rod Stewart version[edit]
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
Single by Rod Stewart
from the album A Night on the Town
B-side
"I Don't Want to Talk About It"
Released
February 1977
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
1976
Genre
Rock
Length
3:21
Label
Riva
Songwriter(s)
Cat Stevens
Producer(s)
Tom Dowd
Rod Stewart singles chronology
"I Don't Want to Talk About It"
(1976) "The First Cut Is the Deepest"
(1977) "You're in My Heart (The Final Acclaim)"
(1977)
"I Don't Want to Talk About It"
(1976) "The First Cut Is the Deepest"
(1977) "You're in My Heart (The Final Acclaim)"
(1977)
Stewart recorded the song at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama, United States, and it appeared on his 1976 album A Night on the Town. It was released as a double A-side single with "I Don't Want to Talk About It". It was a huge success, and spent four weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart in May 1977,[7] number 11 in April in Canada, and also reached number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S. In a departure from the original, Stewart excludes the concluding "But when it comes to being loved, she's first" from the refrain. In 1993, he recorded a live version during a session of MTV Unplugged. This was included on the album Unplugged...and Seated.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly singles charts[edit]
Chart (1977)
Peak
position
Australia KMR [8] 19
Canada RPM 11
Germany 1
Ireland 4
Netherlands 1
New Zealand 5
UK[9] 1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [10] 21
U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary 43
U.S. Cash Box Top 100[11] 17
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1977)
Rank
Australia [8] 70
Canada [12] 110
UK [13] 4
U.S. (Joel Whitburn's Pop Annual) [14] 136
Papa Dee version[edit]
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
Single by Papa Dee
from the album The Journey
Released
1995
Recorded
1995
Genre
Reggae
Length
3:48
Label
Warner
Songwriter(s)
Cat Stevens
Producer(s)
Denniz Pop
Max Martin
Kristian Lundin
John Amatiello
Papa Dee singles chronology
"Jungle Sound Clash"
(1994) "The First Cut Is the Deepest"
(1995) "The Journey"
(1996)
"Jungle Sound Clash"
(1994) "The First Cut Is the Deepest"
(1995) "The Journey"
(1996)
Music video
"The First Cut Is the Deepest on YouTube
Swedish rap, ragga and dancehall musician Papa Dee recorded a reggae cover of "The First Cut Is the Deepest" in 1995. It remains his most commercially successful track and was a big hit in Europe.
Critical reception[edit]
Music & Media wrote about the song: "Dee-lightfully our Swedish Papa tackles the old Cat Stevens hit in a pop dance-infused reggae style with a snappy ragga interlude. Radio, club and dub edits are available too."[15]
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1995)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[16] 20
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[17] 66
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[18] 38
Norway (VG-lista)[19] 9
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[20] 5
Sheryl Crow version[edit]
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
Single by Sheryl Crow
from the album The Very Best of Sheryl Crow
Released
20 October 2003
Recorded
2003
Genre
Pop, pop rock, country
Length
3:44
Label
A&M
Songwriter(s)
Cat Stevens
Producer(s)
John Shanks
Sheryl Crow singles chronology
"It's So Easy"
(2002) "The First Cut Is the Deepest"
(2003) "Light in Your Eyes"
(2004)
"It's So Easy"
(2002) "The First Cut Is the Deepest"
(2003) "Light in Your Eyes"
(2004)
Audio sample
file
help
Music video
"The First Cut Is the Deepest on YouTube
Sheryl Crow's version of "The First Cut Is The Deepest" is the first single released from her 2003 compilation album The Very Best of Sheryl Crow. It became one of Crow's biggest radio hits, remaining 36 weeks in the Billboard Hot 100, and was also Crow's first Top 40 solo country hit, following the success of her hit duet with Kid Rock, "Picture".[citation needed] The song topped the airplay charts in the US and became a platinum seller, also reaching No. 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and went to number one on the AC chart for two nonconsecutive weeks.
Crow's version appears in the soundtrack of the 2005 romantic comedy film Must Love Dogs. It was also featured during an episode of HBO's The Sopranos and The CW's One Tree Hill, in which she also guest starred.
Music video[edit]
The Sheryl Crow music video for "The First Cut Is the Deepest" was directed by Wayne Isham. Filmed in southern Utah, the video features Crow in a rocky desert singing with her guitar, riding horses and interacting in a cowboy environment[21]. Crow's single was nominated for a Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the Grammy Awards,[22] losing to "Sunrise" by Norah Jones.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2003–04)
Peak
position
Australian ARIA Charts[23] 50
Austrian Singles Chart 31
Brazilian Singles Chart (ABPD)[24] 59
Irish Singles Chart 13
New Zealand RIANZ Charts 19
Poland (ZPAV)[25] 42
UK Singles Chart 37
US Billboard Hot 100[26] 14
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[27] 1
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[28] 1
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[29] 35
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[30] 10
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2004)
Rank
US Billboard Hot 100 28

Preceded by
"The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia" by Vicki Lawrence Canadian RPM 100 number-one single
(Keith Hampshire version)
12 May 1973 Succeeded by
"The Cisco Kid" by War (band)
Preceded by
"Free" by Deniece Williams UK number one single
(Rod Stewart version)
21 May 1977 (4 weeks) Succeeded by
"Lucille" by Kenny Rogers
Preceded by
"You Raise Me Up" by Josh Groban US Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one single
(Sheryl Crow version)
10 April 2004 (first run)
1 May 2004 (second run) Succeeded by
"You Raise Me Up" by Josh Groban
"100 Years" by Five for Fighting
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Islam, Yusuf (2008). "Biography 1964". Official Website for Yusuf Islam. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
Jump up ^ Marrin, Minette (26 September 2004). "Profile: Yusuf Islam aka Cat Stevens: Not so much a zealot more a lost musician". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
Jump up ^ "Yusuf Islam Named Songwriter of the Year at ASCAP Awards in London". Ascap.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
Jump up ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Cat Stevens Biography on Yahoo! Music". Yahoo! Music. Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
Jump up ^ http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.4813&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.4813.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.4813
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 339–40. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
^ Jump up to: a b "Australian Chart Book". Austchartbook.com.au. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "i don't want to talk about it/first cut is the deepest | full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2002
Jump up ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending APRIL 02, 19YY". Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2016. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) . Cash Box magazine. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 200 Singles of '77 – Volume 28, No. 11, December 31 1977". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 1977 - UK Music Charts". Uk-charts.top-source.info. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999). Pop Annual. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. ISBN 0-89820-142-X.
Jump up ^ "New Releases: Singles" (PDF). Music & Media (1995-06-24). Retrieved April 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Papa Dee – The First Cut Is the Deepest" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. July 29, 1995. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 NR. 132 Vikuna 26.8. '95 - 1.9. '95" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Dagblaðið Vísir - Tónlist. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Haddaway – The First Cut Is the Deepest". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Haddaway – The First Cut Is the Deepest". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Sheryl Crow - The First Cut Is The Deepest". YouTube. December 23, 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived 10 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Sheryl Crow - The First Cut Is The Deepest". australian-charts.com. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Brazil" (PDF). ABPD. October 6, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lista Przebojów Trójki - Polskie Radio Online". Lp3.polskieradio.pl. 2014-03-21. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Sheryl Crow Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Sheryl Crow Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Sheryl Crow Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Sheryl Crow Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Sheryl Crow Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
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"Sailing" (1975)
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"The Killing of Georgie" (1976)
"Get Back" (1976)
"The First Cut Is the Deepest" (1977)
"I Don't Want to Talk About It" (1977, 1990)
"You're in My Heart (The Final Acclaim)" (1978)
"Hot Legs" (1978)
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"Ain't Love a Bitch" (1979)
"Blondes (Have More Fun)" (1979)
1980s
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"Young Turks" (1982)
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"Baby Jane" (1983)
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"Infatuation" (1984)
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"All Right Now" (1984)
"People Get Ready" (1985, 1991, 1993) Stewart/Beck
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"In My Life" (1987)
"Forever Young" (1988)
"My Heart Can't Tell You No" (1988)
"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)" (1989)Stewart/Isley
"Downtown Train" (1989)
1990s
"It Takes Two" (1990)Stewart/Turner
"Rhythm of My Heart" (1991)
"The Motown Song" (1991)
"Your Song" (1992)
"Ruby Tuesday" (1993)
"Have I Told You Lately" (1993)
"Reason to Believe" (unplugged, 1993)
"All for Love" (1993) Stewart/Adams/Sting
"Leave Virginia Alone" (1995)
"Lady Luck" (1996)
"Ooh La La" (1998)
"Rocks" (1998)
"Cigarettes and Alcohol" (1998)
"Faith of the Heart" (1999)
2000s
"These Foolish Things" (2002)
"They Can't Take That Away from Me" (2003)
"Time After Time" (2003)
"What a Wonderful World" (2004)
"Blue Moon" (2004)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside" (2005)
"I've Got a Crush on You" (2005)
"I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm" (2006)
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" (2006)
2010s
"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (2012)
"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" (2012)
"Everyday" (2015)
[show]
v
t
e
Sheryl Crow
Studio albums
Tuesday Night Music Club
Sheryl Crow
The Globe Sessions
C'mon, C'mon
Wildflower
Detours
Home for Christmas
100 Miles from Memphis
Feels Like Home
Be Myself
Compilation albums
The Very Best of Sheryl Crow
iTunes Originals
Hits & Rarities
Live albums
Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park
Singles
"Leaving Las Vegas"
"All I Wanna Do"
"Strong Enough"
"Can't Cry Anymore"
"Run Baby Run"
"What I Can Do for You"
"If It Makes You Happy"
"Everyday Is a Winding Road"
"Hard to Make a Stand"
"A Change Would Do You Good"
"Home"
"Tomorrow Never Dies"
"My Favorite Mistake"
"There Goes the Neighborhood"
"Anything but Down"
"Sweet Child o' Mine"
"Soak Up the Sun"
"Steve McQueen"
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
"Light in Your Eyes"
"Good Is Good"
"Perfect Lie"
"Always on Your Side"
"Real Gone"
"Not Fade Away"
"Shine over Babylon"
"Love Is Free"
"Now That You're Gone"
"Motivation"
"Summer Day"
"Sign Your Name"
"Easy"
"Callin' Me When I'm Lonely"
"Shotgun"
Guest singles
"Picture" (with Kid Rock)
"Building Bridges" (with Brooks & Dunn and Vince Gill)
"Just Stand Up!"
"Coal Miner's Daughter" (with Miranda Lambert and Loretta Lynn)
Related articles
Discography
Awards and nominations
Ghost Brothers of Darkland County
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_First_Cut_Is_the_Deepest&oldid=843328037"
Categories:
1967 singles
1977 singles
1995 singles
2003 singles
Cat Stevens songs
Rod Stewart songs
Sheryl Crow songs
Music videos directed by Wayne Isham
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
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Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
Songs written by Cat Stevens
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Billboard Adult Top 40 number-one singles
Song recordings produced by Mike Hurst (producer)
Song recordings produced by Tom Dowd
1967 songs
Immediate Records singles
Riva Records singles
Warner Bros. Records singles
A&M Records singles
Songs about betrayal
Hidden categories:
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Singlechart usages for Austria
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All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
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