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Before I Go to Sleep (film)
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Before I Go to Sleep
British theatrical release poster
Directed by
Rowan Joffé
Produced by
Avi Lerner
Liza Marshall
Mark Gill
Matthew O'Toole
Ridley Scott
Written by
Rowan Joffé
Based on
Before I Go to Sleep
by S. J. Watson
Starring
Nicole Kidman
Mark Strong
Colin Firth
Anne-Marie Duff
Music by
Edward Shearmur
Cinematography
Ben Davis
Edited by
Melanie Ann Oliver
Production
company
StudioCanal
Millennium Films
Scott Free Productions
Film i Väst
Distributed by
Clarius Entertainment
20th Century Fox
Release date
4 September 2014 (2014-09-04) (New Zealand)
5 September 2014 (2014-09-05) (United Kingdom)
Running time
92 minutes[1]
Country
United Kingdom
United States
France
Sweden
Language
English
Budget
$22 million[2]
Box office
$15.1 million[3]
Before I Go to Sleep is a 2014 mystery psychological thriller film written and directed by Rowan Joffé and based on the 2011 novel Before I Go to Sleep by S. J. Watson.[4] An international co-production between the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Sweden, the film stars Nicole Kidman, Mark Strong, Colin Firth, and Anne-Marie Duff.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Marketing
4.2 Critical reception
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Forty-year-old Christine Lucas wakes up in bed with a man she does not know, in an unfamiliar house. The man explains that he is her husband, Ben, and that she suffered brain damage from a car accident ten years earlier. Christine wakes up every morning with no memory of her life from her early twenties onwards.
Christine receives treatment from Dr. Nasch, a neuropsychologist at a local hospital who gives her a camera to record her thoughts and progress each day, and calls her every morning to remind her to watch the video in the camera. Dr. Nasch instructs Christine to keep the camera hidden from Ben and reveals that her memory loss occurred after she was attacked and left for dead near an airport hotel. They surmise that Ben tells Christine it was a car accident to avoid upsetting her.
Over the course of treatment, Christine faintly remembers a red-haired woman named Claire. Ben tells her that Claire was a friend who couldn't handle Christine's condition and ended contact with her. Later, Christine recalls that she had a son. She angrily confronts Ben over hiding their child, but he says their son died of meningitis when he was eight. Christine remembers the name Mike and believes it may be the name of her attacker, which she relates to Dr. Nasch. He hugs her to comfort her and almost kisses her, but she pulls back and then sees her doctor's name tag and his first name is Mike. She runs from him but he catches her and administers a sedative, leaving her at home. He tells her later that she was upset and he's sorry but he doesn't feel he can treat her anymore, because he has feelings for her and her memories are causing her to project what happened onto him.
Christine learns that, several years after her attack, Ben had placed her in an assisted care facility and divorced her, then had a change of heart and brought her home to live with him. Christine learns that Claire had been trying to contact her at the care facility, unaware that Ben took her away. Christine obtains Claire's phone number and meets her. Claire reveals that Christine had embarked on an affair prior to her attack, while Ben and Claire had a one-time sexual encounter, due to their shared grief at Christine's memory loss. Feeling obliged to keep Ben and Christine's marriage intact, Claire ended contact.
Claire gives Christine a letter written to her by Ben. He asked Claire to give it to Christine should she ever be well enough to read it. In the letter, Ben tells Christine that he loves her, but that he had to leave her for their son Adam’s sake. Adam was unable to understand her memory loss every morning, and when Adam would insist things happened that Christine could not remember she would get upset. Adam had begun to be afraid of her. Ben believed for Adam’s sake that they needed to leave her, and he begs her to understand.
Out of gratitude for his love and care, Christine decides to let Ben see the videos she has made on the digital camera. However, Ben angrily accuses Christine of having an affair with Dr. Nasch, strikes her, and storms out. On the telephone, Claire tells Christine that Ben claims to not have seen Christine for several years. Claire asks Christine to describe the "Ben" she is living with, and they realize he is not Ben. Christine is beginning to have more limited memories as things happen around her. Christine attempts to escape the house, but "Ben" renders her unconscious.
The next morning, Christine again awakens with no memories but she finds the camera and sees her entry saying she loves "Ben" and wants to make a life with him. "Ben" calls Christine and tells her to pack, that they are going on a trip that night. He then visits Dr. Nasch at the hospital and tells him to stay away from Christine. That night, "Ben" takes her to a hotel close to where she had been found. He reveals that he is Mike, the man she had an affair with. Christine then remembers that Mike had wanted Christine to reveal their affair to Ben, but Christine refused, and their argument culminated in Mike viciously attacking Christine, resulting in her amnesia. He also inadvertently reveals that Christine's son Adam is still alive. Declaring his love for Christine, Mike deletes the videos on her camera and states that he is no longer interested in playing the part of Ben. He tells Christine that they leave together, or no one leaves. Another struggle ensues, but this time Christine knocks Mike out and gets away. She sets off the hotel fire alarm while running from the hotel and is seen telling her story on the camera while waiting in an ambulance.
Christine wakes up in a hospital bed and is visited by Dr. Nasch, this time as a friend and not her therapist. He assures her the man responsible for her condition has been arrested. He tells Christine that she has visitors and that he hopes the visit will provide the breakthrough they have been hoping for. Christine is then visited by the real Ben and Adam. Christine’s memories return when she sees Adam.
Cast[edit]
Nicole Kidman[5] as Christine Lucas
Colin Firth[6] as Ben Lucas / Mike Collins
Mark Strong[7] as Dr. Mike Nasch
Anne-Marie Duff[6] as Claire
Dean-Charles Chapman as Adam
Jing Lusi as Nurse Kate
Rosie MacPherson as Emily
Ben Crompton as warehouse caretaker
Adam Levy as the real Ben Lucas
Gabriel Strong as boy on bike
Flynn MacArthur as boy in dream
Hannah Blamires as mother in park
Bern Collaço as doctor
Chris Cowlin as police officer
Laraine Dix as hospital patient
Llewella Gideon as psychiatric nurse
Kevin Hudson as man on bike
Steve Munroe as warehouseman
Nick Turner as Claire's friend
Production[edit]
On 1 May 2011, Ridley Scott bought the film rights of the novel Before I Go to Sleep written by S. J. Watson and hired Rowan Joffé to direct and write the script.[4] In February 2012 Nicole Kidman was in talks to join the film;[8] later in May she joined to star as Christine.[5] On 31 October 2012 Mark Strong also joined the cast of the film.[7] According to The Hollywood Reporter on 16 November 2012, Kidman said she wanted Colin Firth to work with her again. They had already worked together in a drama The Railway Man.[9] On 6 February 2013, it was confirmed that Firth has joined the cast to lead with Kidman.[6]
Filming[edit]
The film was shot in London and at Twickenham Studios.[10][11]
Release[edit]
The film was released in the United Kingdom on 5 September 2014 and released in the United States on 31 October 2014.
Marketing[edit]
On 3 July 2014, the first UK trailer of the film was released by StudioCanal UK.[12]
Critical reception[edit]
The film was met with generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 35%, based on 107 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The general consensus reads, "If it doesn't completely avoid thriller clichés, Before I Go to Sleep still offers a stylish, fast-paced, and well-acted diversion."[13] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 41 out of 100, based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[14]
It has been unfavorably compared to Memento, a film released nearly a decade and a half earlier. "What the brilliant 'Memento' once used as a way to explore a truly inventive way of storytelling is here just a gimmick. It's shallow, it's silly, it's pat. It's... forgettable," wrote the New Jersey Star-Ledger.[15] "Christopher Nolan's 2000 brain-twister 'Memento' starred Guy Pearce as a man with a similar malady. The earlier film rigorously stuck within the logical confines of its premise. Joffé's is filled with far too many contradictions and implausible situations," wrote the Philadelphia Inquirer.[16]
Kidman's performance has been positively received. Writing for Daily Star, critic Andy Lea said in a positive review that "Kidman puts in a chilling performance as the frail but determined Christine."[17] David Edwards of Daily Mirror stated, "Leading lady Nicole Kidman hasn’t been this good in ages" finishing with "Kidman is on top form as the nervy, spiky woman walking a psychological tightrope."[18]
See also[edit]
50 First Dates, a 2004 film directed by Peter Segal
Memento, a 2000 film directed by Christopher Nolan
The Red Squirrel (La Ardilla Roja), a 1993 Spanish film directed by Julio Medem
Reverse chronology
Second weekend in box office performance § Second-weekend drop
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Before I Go to Sleep (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 27 January 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Before I Go to Sleep (2014)". The Numbers. Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Before I Go To Sleep". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Kidd, James (1 May 2011). "Before I Go to Sleep, By S J Watson". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Holder, Bev (23 May 2012). "SJ Watson excited as Nicole Kidman signs up for Before I Go To Sleep movie". Stourbridge News. Gannett Company. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Savage, Sophia (6 February 2013). "Colin Firth Joins Nicole Kidman's Amnesia Thriller 'Before I Go to Sleep'". Indie Wire. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Sneider, Jeff (31 October 2012). "Mark Strong set for 'Sleep'". Variety. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Dang, Simon (29 February 2012). "Nicole Kidman In Talks To Star In Rowan Joffe's Psychological Thriller 'Before I Go To Sleep'". Indie Wire. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Ginsberg, Merle; Baum, Gary (16 November 2012). "Nicole Kidman Wants Colin Firth for S.J. Watson Thriller". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ White, James (7 February 2013). "Colin Firth Joins Before I Go To Sleep". Empire Online. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Mitcehll, Robert (6 February 2013). "Firth, Kidman to star in 'Before I Go to Sleep'". Variety. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Anderton, Ethan (3 July 2014). "Colin Firth & Nicole Kidman in First Trailer for 'Before I Go to Sleep'". firstshowing.net. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Before I Go to Sleep". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Before I Go to Sleep". Metacritic. CBS Interactive Inc. 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Whitty, Stephen (31 October 2014). "'Before I Go To Sleep' review: Nicole Kidman snoozes, loses". New Jersey Star-Ledger. Advance Local. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Derakhshani, Tirdad (1 November 2014). "Suspend disbelief in this thriller". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Lea, Andy (31 August 2014). "Review and trailer: Before I Go To Sleep (15) is a nail-biting tour de force". Daily Star. Express Newspapers. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Edwards, David (5 September 2014). "Before I Go to Sleep review: The spirit of Hitchcock looms over Nicole Kidman's implausible thriller". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
External links[edit]
Before I Go to Sleep on IMDb
Before I Go to Sleep at Box Office Mojo
Before I Go to Sleep at Rotten Tomatoes
Before I Go to Sleep at Metacritic
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USMLE Step 1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Step 1" redirects here. For the album by Jimmy McGriff, see Step 1 (album).
The USMLE Step 1 (more commonly just Step 1 or colloquially, The Boards) is the first part of the United States Medical Licensing Examination. It aims to assess whether medical school students or graduates can apply important concepts of the foundational sciences fundamental to the practice of medicine. US medical students, as well as non-US medical students who wish to seek licensure to practice medicine in the US, typically take Step 1 at the end of the second year of medical school. Graduates of international medical schools (i.e., those outside the US or Canada) must also take Step 1 if they want to practice in the US. Graduates from international medical schools must apply through ECFMG, and the registration fee is $915.[1] For 2016, the NBME registration fee for the test is $600, with additional charges for applicants who choose a testing region outside the United States or Canada.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Format
3 Subjects
4 Scoring
5 Effect on residency matching
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Prior to 1992, the NBME Part I examination served as the staple basic science examination for medical students at the end of their second year. Upon the launch of the three-part United States Medical Licensing Examination, NBME Part I exam was carried forward in its new format, the USMLE Step 1 examination, which has since evolved to become an increasingly clinically-applied examination of the foundational sciences. The exam became computer based several years later. In May 2015, the USMLE began emphasizing of concepts regarding patient safety and quality improvement across all parts of the USMLE exam series, including Step 1.[3]
While the USMLE Step 1 has traditionally been taken after students complete foundational sciences and before core clinical clerkships, in recent years a number of medical schools have moved to having students take the USMLE Step 1 after core clinical clerkships.[4]
Format[edit]
The exam is currently an eight-hour computer-based test taken in a single-day, composed of seven 40-question sections with a maximum 280 multiple-choice questions.[5] One hour is provided for each section, allotting an average of a minute and thirty seconds to answer each question.[6] Between test sections, the test taker is allotted a cumulative 45 minutes (during the test day) for personal breaks. (There is a 15-minute tutorial at the beginning of the exam, which the test-taker can choose to skip and have that time added to break time.) If the taker finishes any section before the allotted one hour time limit, the unused time is added to the break time total.[7] The test is administered at any of several Prometric computer testing sites.
Subjects[edit]
Step 1 is designed to test the knowledge learned during the basic science years of medical school as applied in the form of clinical vignettes. This includes anatomy, behavioral sciences, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology, as well as to interdisciplinary areas including genetics, aging, immunology, nutrition, and molecular and cell biology.[8] Epidemiology, medical ethics and questions on empathy are also emphasized. Each exam is dynamically generated for each test taker; while the general proportion of questions derived from a particular subject is the same, some test takers report that certain subjects are either emphasized or deemphasized.
Scoring[edit]
Currently, students receive a three-digit score following sitting for the Step 1 examination. In 1999, the USMLE phased out the use of a percentile-based system in favor of a three-digit and two-digit scaled scoring system. In October 2011, two-digit scaled scores were no longer reported to any parties besides the examinees. In April 2013, the two-digit score was eliminated completely from the score report.
While the USMLE program does not disclose how the three-digit score is calculated, Step 1 scores theoretically range from 1 to 300, most examinees score in the range of 140 to 260, the passing score is 194 and the national mean and standard deviation are approximately 229 and 20, respectively.[9][10] Rise in the national mean Step 1 score has been observed with time, as shown in the table below.[11] According to the National Resident Matching Program, the mean score for U.S. allopathic seniors who matched to residency programs in 2016 was 233.2 (sd = 17.4).[12]
National Step 1 means among US and Canadian first time test-takers by year
Year
Mean Score
Standard Deviation
2016
228[13] 21
2015
229[14] 20
2014
229[15] 20
2013
226 21
2012
224 21
2011
224 22
2010
222 24
2009
221 24
2008
221 23
Effect on residency matching[edit]
The USMLE score is one of many factors considered by residency programs in selecting applicants. However, at present, this test is the only standardized measure of all applicants. The median USMLE Step 1 scores for graduates of U.S. Medical Schools for various residencies are charted in Chart 6 on page 9 of "Charting Outcomes in the Match" available through NRMP Website
Many residency programs use a "cutoff" score for Step 1, below which applicants are unlikely to be considered, although in some cases individuals with significantly higher Step 2 CK scores may still receive further consideration. The NRMP Residency Program Director survey contains more information, both overall and by specialty, regarding "cutoff" scores (i.e., scores below which programs generally do not grant interviews).[16]
See also[edit]
USMLE Step 2CK
USMLE Step 2CS
USMLE Step 3
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1] ECFMG Fees
Jump up ^ [2] USMLE Fees
Jump up ^ http://www.usmle.org/pdfs/Changes_to_USMLE_handout.pdf
Jump up ^ Michelle Daniel; Amy Fleming; Colleen O’Conner Grochowski; Vicky Harnik; Sibel Klimstra; Gail Morrison; Arnyce Pock; Michael L. Schwartz; Sally Santen. Why Not Wait? Eight Institutions Share Their Experiences Moving United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 After Core Clinical Clerkships, Academic Medicine 2017 Nov;92(11):1515-1524. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001714.
Jump up ^ [3] USMLE General Announcements
Jump up ^ [4] USMLE Announcements
Jump up ^ [5] USMLE Testing Bulletin
Jump up ^ http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step1/step1_content.html
Jump up ^ http://www.usmle.org/pdfs/transcripts/USMLE_Step_Examination_Score_Interpretation_Guidelines.pdf
Jump up ^ "United States Medical Licensing Examination - Scores & Transcripts".
Jump up ^ Interactive, Wellfire. "Medical Student Handbook".
Jump up ^ http://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Charting-Outcomes-US-Allopathic-Seniors-2016.pdf
Jump up ^ "Score Interpretation Guidelines 2016" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Score Interpretation Guidelines 2016" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Score Interpretation Guidelines 2016" (PDF).
Jump up ^ http://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NRMP-2016-Program-Director-Survey.pdf
External links[edit]
USMLE Official Website
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USMLE_Step_1&oldid=847237127"
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values: اختبار الرخصة الطبية الأمريكي الخطوة 1 – Arabic

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