text:
New England
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the region in North America. For other uses, see New England (disambiguation).
New England
Clockwise from top: skyline of Boston's financial district at night; a building of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut; a view from Nubble Light on Cape Neddick in Maine; view from Mount Mansfield in Vermont; and a fisherman on Cape Cod in Massachusetts.

Flag
Emblem
Motto: No official motto, but common de facto mottoes include "An appeal to Heaven" and "Nunquam libertas gratior extat" ("Nowhere does liberty appear in a more gracious form")

Location of New England (red) in the United States
Composition
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Largest metropolitan area
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy
Largest city
Boston
Area
• Total
71,991.8 sq mi (186,458 km2)
• Land
62,688.4 sq mi (162,362 km2)
Population (2015 est.)[1]
• Total
14,727,584
• Density
234.9/sq mi (90.7/km2)
Demonym(s)
New Englander, Yankee[2]
GDP (nominal)[3]
• Total
$953.9 billion (2015)
Dialects
New England English, New England French
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.[a] It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north, respectively. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south. Boston is New England's largest city as well as the capital of Massachusetts. The largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston, which also includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence (the capital and largest city of Rhode Island), with nearly a third of the entire region's population.
In 1620, Puritan Separatist Pilgrims from England first settled in the region, forming the Plymouth Colony, the second successful English settlement in America, following the Jamestown Settlement in Virginia founded in 1607. Ten years later, more Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the British and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in North America. In 1692, the town of Salem, Massachusetts and surrounding areas experienced the Salem witch trials, one of the most infamous cases of mass hysteria in the history of the Western Hemisphere.[10]
In the late 18th century, political leaders from the New England Colonies known as the Sons of Liberty initiated resistance to Britain's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The Boston Tea Party was a protest to which Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government, which were termed the "Intolerable Acts" by the colonists. The confrontation led to the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776. The region also played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States, and was the first region of the U.S. transformed by the Industrial Revolution, centered on the Blackstone and Merrimack river valleys.
The physical geography of New England is diverse for such a small area. Southeastern New England is covered by a narrow coastal plain, while the western and northern regions are dominated by the rolling hills and worn-down peaks of the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains. The Atlantic fall line lies close to the coast, which enabled numerous cities to take advantage of water power along the numerous rivers, such as the Connecticut River, which bisects the region from north to south.
Each state is principally subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns, many of which are governed by town meetings. The only unincorporated areas in the region exist in the sparsely populated northern regions of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The region is one of the U.S. Census Bureau's nine regional divisions and the only multi-state region with clear, consistent boundaries. It maintains a strong sense of cultural identity,[11] although the terms of this identity are often contrasted, combining Puritanism with liberalism, agrarian life with industry, and isolation with immigration.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Eastern Algonquian peoples
1.2 Colonial period
1.2.1 The Virginia Companies
1.2.2 Plymouth Council for New England
1.2.3 French and Indian Wars
1.2.4 Dominion of New England
1.3 New England in the new nation
1.3.1 Post-Revolutionary New England
1.3.2 Industrial Revolution
1.3.3 Anti-slavery
1.4 20th century and beyond
1.4.1 Great Depression
1.4.2 Deindustrialization
2 Cities and urban areas
2.1 Metropolitan areas
2.2 State capitals
3 Geography
3.1 Geology
3.2 Climate
4 Demographics
4.1 Largest cities
5 Economy
5.1 Overview
5.2 Exports
5.3 Agriculture
5.4 Energy
5.5 Employment
6 Government
6.1 Town meetings
6.2 Politics
6.3 Elections
6.3.1 Political party strength
6.3.2 New Hampshire primary
7 Education
7.1 Colleges and universities
7.2 Private and independent secondary schools
7.3 Public education
7.4 Academic journals and press
8 Culture
8.1 Cultural roots
8.2 Accents
8.3 Social activities and music
8.4 Media
8.4.1 Comedy
8.5 Literature
8.6 Film, television, and acting
9 Sports
9.1 Professional and semi-professional sports teams
10 Transportation
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
13.1 Bibliography
14 Further reading
15 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of New England
Eastern Algonquian peoples[edit]
Main article: Algonquian peoples
The earliest known inhabitants of New England were American Indians who spoke a variety of the Eastern Algonquian languages.[12] Prominent tribes included the Abenakis, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, Pequots, Mohegans, Narragansetts, Pocumtucks, and Wampanoag.[12] Prior to the arrival of European settlers, the Western Abenakis inhabited New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as parts of Quebec and western Maine.[13] Their principal town was Norridgewock in present-day Maine.[14]
The Penobscot lived along the Penobscot River in Maine. The Narragansetts and smaller tribes under Narragansett sovereignty lived in most of modern-day Rhode Island, west of Narragansett Bay, including Block Island. The Wampanoag occupied southeastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. The Pocumtucks lived in Western Massachusetts, and the Mohegan and Pequot tribes lived in the Connecticut region. The Connecticut River Valley includes parts of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, linking numerous tribes culturally, linguistically, and politically.[12]
As early as 1600, French, Dutch, and English traders began exploring the New World, trading metal, glass, and cloth for local beaver pelts.[12][15]
Colonial period[edit]
The Virginia Companies[edit]
Main article: New England Colonies
On April 10, 1606, King James I of England issued a charter for the Virginia Company, which comprised the London Company and the Plymouth Company. These two privately funded ventures were intended to claim land for England, to conduct trade, and to return a profit. In 1620, Pilgrims from the Mayflower established Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts, beginning the history of permanent European settlement in New England.[16]
Plymouth Council for New England[edit]
Main articles: Plymouth Council for New England, Connecticut Colony, and Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Title page of John Smith's A Description of New England (1616)
In 1616, English explorer John Smith named the region "New England".[17] The name was officially sanctioned on November 3, 1620,[18] when the charter of the Virginia Company of Plymouth was replaced by a royal charter for the Plymouth Council for New England, a joint-stock company established to colonize and govern the region.[19] As the first colonists arrived in Plymouth, they wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact,[20] their first governing document.[21] The Massachusetts Bay Colony came to dominate the area and was established by royal charter in 1629[22][23] with its major town and port of Boston established in 1630.[24]
Massachusetts Puritans began to settle in Connecticut as early as 1633.[25] Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy, led a group south, and founded Providence Plantation in the area that became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1636.[26][27] At this time, Vermont was yet unsettled, and the territories of New Hampshire and Maine were claimed and governed by Massachusetts.[28]
French and Indian Wars[edit]
An early English map of New England, c. 1670, depicts the area around modern Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
Relationships between colonists and local Indian tribes alternated between peace and armed skirmishes, the bloodiest of which was the Pequot War in 1637 which resulted in the Mystic massacre.[29] On May 19, 1643, the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut joined together in a loose compact called the New England Confederation (officially "The United Colonies of New England"). The confederation was designed largely to coordinate mutual defense, and gained some importance during King Philip's War.[30] From June 1675 through April 1678, King Philip's War pitted the colonists and their Indian allies against a widespread Indian uprising, resulting in killings and massacres on both sides.[31]
During the next 74 years, there were six colonial wars that took place primarily between New England and New France (see the French and Indian Wars as well as Father Rale's War and Father Le Loutre's War). Throughout these wars, New England was allied with the Iroquois Confederacy and New France was allied with the Wabanaki Confederacy. After the New England Conquest of Acadia in 1710, mainland Nova Scotia was under the control of New England, but both present-day New Brunswick and virtually all of present-day Maine remained contested territory between New England and New France. After the British won the war in 1763, the Connecticut River Valley was opened for British settlement into western New Hampshire and what is today Vermont.
The New England colonies were settled primarily by farmers who became relatively self-sufficient. Later, New England's economy began to focus on crafts and trade, aided by the Puritan work ethic, in contrast to the Southern colonies which focused on agricultural production while importing finished goods from England.[32]
Dominion of New England[edit]
Main articles: Dominion of New England, American Revolutionary War, American Revolution, and Boston campaign
The New England Ensign, one of several flags historically associated with New England. This flag was reportedly used by colonial merchant ships sailing out of New England ports, 1686 – c. 1737.[33][34][35][36][37]
New England's Siege of Louisbourg (1745) by Peter Monamy.
By 1686, King James II had become concerned about the increasingly independent ways of the colonies, including their self-governing charters, their open flouting of the Navigation Acts, and their growing military power. He therefore established the Dominion of New England, an administrative union comprising all of the New England colonies.[38] In 1688, the former Dutch colonies of New York, East New Jersey, and West New Jersey were added to the Dominion. The union was imposed from the outside and contrary to the rooted democratic tradition of the region, and it was highly unpopular among the colonists.[39]
The Dominion significantly modified the charters of the colonies, including the appointment of Royal Governors to nearly all of them. There was an uneasy tension between the Royal Governors, their officers, and the elected governing bodies of the colonies. The governors wanted unlimited authority, and the different layers of locally elected officials would often resist them. In most cases, the local town governments continued operating as self-governing bodies, just as they had before the appointment of the governors.[40]
After the Glorious Revolution in 1689, Bostonians overthrew royal governor Sir Edmund Andros. They seized dominion officials and adherents to the Church of England during a popular and bloodless uprising.[41] These tensions eventually culminated in the American Revolution, boiling over with the outbreak of the War of American Independence in 1775. The first battles of the war were fought in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, later leading to the Siege of Boston by continental troops. In March 1776, British forces were compelled to retreat from Boston.
New England in the new nation[edit]
Boston College: the architecture style is Collegiate Gothic, a subgenre of Gothic Revival architecture, a 19th-century movement.
Post-Revolutionary New England[edit]
After the dissolution of the Dominion of New England, the colonies of New England ceased to function as a unified political unit but remained a defined cultural region. By 1784, all of the states in the region had taken steps towards the abolition of slavery, with Vermont and Massachusetts introducing total abolition in 1777 and 1783, respectively.[42] The nickname "Yankeeland" was sometimes used to denote the New England area, especially among Southerners and British.[43]
After settling a dispute with New York, Vermont was admitted to statehood in 1791, formally completing the defined area of New England. On March 15, 1820, as part of the Missouri Compromise, the territory of Maine, formerly a part of Massachusetts, was admitted to the Union as a free state.[44] Today, New England is defined as the six states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.[5]
For the rest of the period before the American Civil War, New England remained distinct from the rest of the United States. New England's economic growth relied heavily on trade with the British Empire,[45] and the region's merchants and politicians strongly opposed trade restrictions. As the United States and the United Kingdom fought the War of 1812, New England Federalists organized the Hartford Convention in the winter of 1814 to discuss the region's grievances concerning the war, and to propose changes to the Constitution to protect the region's interests and maintain its political power.[46] Radical delegates within the convention proposed the region's secession from the United States, but they were outnumbered by moderates who opposed the idea.[47]
Politically, the region often disagreed with the rest of the country.[48] Massachusetts and Connecticut were among the last refuges of the Federalist Party, and New England became the strongest bastion of the new Whig Party when the Second Party System began in the 1830s. The Whigs were usually dominant throughout New England, except in the more Democratic Maine and New Hampshire. Leading statesmen hailed from the region, including Daniel Webster.
New England was distinct in other ways, as well. Many notable literary and intellectual figures were New Englanders, produced by the United States before the American Civil War, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, George Bancroft, and William H. Prescott.[49]
Industrial Revolution[edit]
The Slater Mill Historic Site in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
New England was key to the industrial revolution in the United States.[50] The Blackstone Valley running through Massachusetts and Rhode Island has been called the birthplace of America's industrial revolution.[51] In 1787, the first cotton mill in America was founded in the North Shore seaport of Beverly, Massachusetts as the Beverly Cotton Manufactory.[52] The Manufactory was also considered the largest cotton mill of its time. Technological developments and achievements from the Manufactory led to the development of more advanced cotton mills, including Slater Mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Towns such as Lawrence, Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and Lewiston, Maine became centers of the textile industry following the innovations at Slater Mill and the Beverly Cotton Manufactory.[citation needed]
The Connecticut River Valley became a crucible for industrial innovation, particularly the Springfield Armory, pioneering such advances as interchangeable parts and the assembly line which influenced manufacturing processes all around the world.[53] From early in the nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth, the region surrounding Springfield, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut served as the United States' epicenter for advanced manufacturing, drawing skilled workers from all over the world.[54][55]
The rapid growth of textile manufacturing in New England between 1815 and 1860 caused a shortage of workers. Recruiters were hired by mill agents to bring young women and children from the countryside to work in the factories. Between 1830 and 1860, thousands of farm girls moved from rural areas where there was no paid employment to work in the nearby mills, such as the famous Lowell Mill Girls. As the textile industry grew, immigration also grew. By the 1850s, immigrants began working in the mills, especially Irish and French Canadians.[56]
New England as a whole was the most industrialized part of the U.S. By 1850, the region accounted for well over a quarter of all manufacturing value in the country and over a third of its industrial workforce.[57] It was also the most literate and most educated region in the country.[57]
Anti-slavery[edit]
During the same period, New England and areas settled by New Englanders (upstate New York, Ohio's Western Reserve, and the upper midwestern states of Michigan and Wisconsin) were the center of the strongest abolitionist and anti-slavery movements in the United States, coinciding with the Protestant Great Awakening in the region.[58] Abolitionists who demanded immediate emancipation such as William Lloyd Garrison, John Greenleaf Whittier and Wendell Phillips had their base in the region. So too did anti-slavery politicians who wanted to limit the growth of slavery, such as John Quincy Adams, Charles Sumner, and John P. Hale. When the anti-slavery Republican Party was formed in the 1850s, all of New England, including areas that had previously been strongholds for both the Whig and the Democratic Parties, became strongly Republican. New England remained solidly Republican until Catholics began to mobilize behind the Democrats, especially in 1928, and up until the Republican party realigned its politics in a shift known as the Southern strategy. This led to the end of "Yankee Republicanism" and began New England's relatively swift transition into a consistently Democratic stronghold.[59]
20th century and beyond[edit]
Autumn in New England, watercolor, Maurice Prendergast. C. 1910–1913
The flow of immigrants continued at a steady pace from the 1840s until cut off by World War I. The largest numbers came from Ireland and Britain before 1890, and after that from Quebec, Italy and Southern Europe. The immigrants filled the ranks of factory workers, craftsmen and unskilled laborers. The Irish assumed a larger and larger role in the Democratic Parts in the cities and statewide, while the rural areas remained Republican. Yankees left the farms, which never were highly productive; many headed west, while others became professionals and businessmen in the New England cities.
Great Depression[edit]
The Great Depression in the United States of the 1930s hit the region hard, with high unemployment in the industrial cities. The Democrats appealed to factory workers and especially Catholics, pulling them into the New Deal coalition and making the once-Republican region into one that was closely divided. However the enormous spending on munitions, ships, electronics, and uniforms during World War II caused a burst of prosperity in every sector.
Deindustrialization[edit]
Fall foliage in the town of Stowe, Vermont
The region lost most of its factories starting with the loss of textiles in the 1930s and getting worse after 1960. The New England economy was radically transformed after World War II. The factory economy practically disappeared. Like urban centers in the Rust Belt, once-bustling New England communities fell into economic decay following the flight of the region's industrial base. The textile mills one by one went out of business from the 1920s to the 1970s. For example, the Crompton Company, after 178 years in business, went bankrupt in 1984, costing the jobs of 2,450 workers in five states. The major reasons were cheap imports, the strong dollar, declining exports, and a failure to diversify.[60] Shoes followed.
Alexander King House in Suffield, Connecticut
What remains is very high technology manufacturing, such as jet engines, nuclear submarines, pharmaceuticals, robotics, scientific instruments, and medical devices. MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) invented the format for university-industry relations in high tech fields, and spawned many software and hardware firms, some of which grew rapidly.[61] By the 21st century the region had become famous for its leadership roles in the fields of education, medicine and medical research, high-technology, finance, and tourism.[62]
Some industrial areas were slow in adjusting to the new service economy. In 2000, New England had two of the ten poorest cities (by percentage living below the poverty line) in the U.S.: the state capitals of Providence, Rhode Island and Hartford, Connecticut.[63] They were no longer in the bottom ten by 2010; Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire remain among the ten wealthiest states in the United States in terms of median household income and per capita income.[64]
Cities and urban areas[edit]
Metropolitan areas[edit]
The following are metropolitan statistical areas as defined by the United States Census Bureau.
Bangor, ME MSA
Barnstable Town, MA MSA (Greater Boston)
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA (Greater Boston)
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT MSA (New York-Newark CSA)
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT MSA
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA (New York-Newark CSA)
Norwich-New London, CT MSA
Pittsfield, MA MSA
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA
Springfield, MA MSA
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA (Greater Boston)
Worcester, MA-CT MSA (Greater Boston)
State capitals[edit]
Hartford, Connecticut
Augusta, Maine
Boston, Massachusetts
Concord, New Hampshire
Providence, Rhode Island
Montpelier, Vermont
Geography[edit]
Main articles: Geography of Connecticut, Geography of Maine, Geography of Massachusetts, Geography of New Hampshire, Geography of Rhode Island, and Geography of Vermont
A political and geographical map of New England shows the coastal plains in the east, and hills, mountains and valleys in the west and the north.
A portion of the north-central Pioneer Valley in Sunderland, Massachusetts
The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km2), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England.[65][66] Maine alone constitutes nearly one-half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th-largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state, Rhode Island.
Geology[edit]
Main article: Geology of New England
New England's long rolling hills, mountains, and jagged coastline are glacial landforms resulting from the retreat of ice sheets approximately 18,000 years ago, during the last glacial period.[67][68]
New England is geologically a part of the New England province, an exotic terrane region consisting of the Appalachian Mountains, the New England highlands, and the seaboard lowlands.[69] The Appalachian Mountains roughly follow the border between New England and New York. The Berkshires in Massachusetts and Connecticut, and the Green Mountains in Vermont, as well as the Taconic Mountains, form a spine of Precambrian rock.[70]
The Appalachians extend northwards into New Hampshire as the White Mountains, and then into Maine and Canada. Mount Washington in New Hampshire is the highest peak in the Northeast, although it is not among the ten highest peaks in the eastern United States.[71] It is the site of the second highest recorded wind speed on Earth,[72][73] and has the reputation of having the world's most severe weather.[74][75]
The coast of the region, extending from southwestern Connecticut to northeastern Maine, is dotted with lakes, hills, marshes and wetlands, and sandy beaches.[68] Important valleys in the region include the Connecticut River Valley and the Merrimack Valley.[68] The longest river is the Connecticut River, which flows from northeastern New Hampshire for 655 km (407 mi), emptying into Long Island Sound, roughly bisecting the region. Lake Champlain, which forms part of the border between Vermont and New York, is the largest lake in the region, followed by Moosehead Lake in Maine and Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire.[68]
Climate[edit]
Main article: Climate of New England
Köppen climate types in New England
The White Mountains of New Hampshire are part of the Appalachian Mountains.
The climate of New England varies greatly across its 500 miles (800 km) span from northern Maine to southern Connecticut:
Maine, northern and central New Hampshire, Vermont, and western Massachusetts have a humid continental climate (Dfb in Köppen climate classification). In this region the winters are long, cold, and heavy snow is common (most locations receive 60 to 120 inches (1,500 to 3,000 mm) of snow annually in this region). The summer's months are moderately warm, though summer is rather short and rainfall is spread through the year.
In central and eastern Massachusetts, southeastern New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and most of Connecticut, the same humid continental prevails (Dfa), though summers are warm to hot, winters are shorter, and there is less snowfall (especially in the coastal areas where it is often warmer).
Southern and coastal Connecticut is the broad transition zone from the cold continental climates of the north to the milder temperate/subtropical climates to the south. The frost free season is greater than 180 days across far southern/coastal Connecticut, coastal Rhode Island, and the islands (Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard). Winters also tend to be much sunnier in southern Connecticut and southern Rhode Island compared to the rest of New England.[76]
Demographics[edit]
Main article: Demographics of New England
Largest self-reported ancestry groups in New England. Americans of Irish descent form a plurality in most of Massachusetts, and Americans of English descent form a plurality in much of the central parts of Vermont and New Hampshire as well as nearly all of Maine.
In 2010, New England had a population of 14,444,865, a growth of 3.8% from 2000.[77] This grew to an estimated 14,727,584 by 2015.[78] Massachusetts is the most populous state with 6,794,422 residents, while Vermont is the least populous state with 626,042 residents.[77] Boston is by far the region's most populous city and metropolitan area.
Although a great disparity exists between New England's northern and southern portions, the region's average population density is 234.93 inhabitants/sq mi (90.7/km²). New England has a significantly higher population density than that of the U.S. as a whole (79.56/sq mi), or even just the contiguous 48 states (94.48/sq mi). Three-quarters of the population of New England, and most of the major cities, are in the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. The combined population density of these states is 786.83/sq mi, compared to northern New England's 63.56/sq mi (2000 census).
According to the 2006–08 American Community Survey, 48.7% of New Englanders were male and 51.3% were female. Approximately 22.4% of the population were under 18 years of age; 13.5% were over 65 years of age. The six states of New England have the lowest birth rate in the U.S.[79]
White Americans make up the majority of New England's population at 83.4% of the total population, Hispanic and Latino Americans are New England's largest minority, and they are the second-largest group in the region behind non-Hispanic European Americans. As of 2014, Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 10.2% of New England's population. Connecticut had the highest proportion at 13.9%, while Vermont had the lowest at 1.3%. There were nearly 1.5 million Hispanic and Latino individuals reported in New England in 2014. Puerto Ricans were the most numerous of the Hispanic and Latino subgroups. Over 660,000 Puerto Ricans lived in New England in 2014, forming 4.5% of the population. The Dominican population is over 200,000, and the Mexican and Guatemalan populations are each over 100,000.[80] Americans of Cuban descent are scant in number; there were roughly 26,000 Cuban Americans in the region in 2014. People of all other Hispanic and Latino ancestries, including Salvadoran, Colombian, and Bolivian, formed 2.5% of New England's population, and numbered over 361,000 combined.[80]
According to the 2014 American Community Survey, the top ten largest reported European ancestries were the following:[81]
Irish: 19.2% (2.8 million)
Italian: 13.6% (2.0 million)
French and French Canadian: 13.1% (1.9 million)
English: 11.9% (1.7 million)[82]
German: 7.4% (1.1 million)
Polish: 4.9% (roughly 715,000)
Portuguese: 3.2% (467,000)
Scottish: 2.5% (370,000)
Russian: 1.4% (206,000)
Greek: 1.0% (152,000)
English is, by far, the most common language spoken at home. Approximately 81.3% of all residents (11.3 million people) over the age of five spoke only English at home. Roughly 1,085,000 people (7.8% of the population) spoke Spanish at home, and roughly 970,000 people (7.0% of the population) spoke other Indo-European languages at home. Over 403,000 people (2.9% of the population) spoke an Asian or Pacific Island language at home.[83] Slightly fewer (about 1%) spoke French at home,[84] although this figure is above 20% in northern New England, which borders francophone Québec.[citation needed] Roughly 99,000 people (0.7% of the population) spoke languages other than these at home.[83]
As of 2014, approximately 87% of New England's inhabitants were born in the U.S., while over 12% were foreign-born.[85] 35.8% of foreign-born residents were born in Latin America, 28.6% were born in Asia, 22.9% were born in Europe, and 8.5% were born in Africa.[86]
Southern New England forms an integral part of the BosWash megalopolis, a conglomeration of urban centers that spans from Boston to Washington, D.C. The region includes three of the four most densely populated states in the U.S.; only New Jersey has a higher population density than the states of Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
Greater Boston, which includes parts of southern New Hampshire, has a total population of approximately 4.8 million,[87] while over half the population of New England falls inside Boston's Combined Statistical Area of over 8.2 million.[88]
Largest cities[edit]
Main article: List of cities by population in New England
The most populous cities as of the Census Bureau's 2014 estimates were (metropolitan areas in parentheses):[87][89]
Boston, Massachusetts: 655,884 (4,739,385)
Worcester, Massachusetts: 183,016 (931,802)
Providence, Rhode Island: 179,154 (1,609,533)
Springfield, Massachusetts: 153,991 (630,672)
Bridgeport, Connecticut: 147,612 (945,816)
New Haven, Connecticut: 130,282 (861,238)
Stamford, Connecticut: 128,278 (part of Bridgeport's MSA)
Hartford, Connecticut: 124,705 (1,213,225)
Manchester, New Hampshire: 110,448 (405,339)
Lowell, Massachusetts: 109,945 (part of Greater Boston)
Cambridge, Massachusetts: 109,694 (part of Greater Boston)
Waterbury, Connecticut: 109,307 (part of New Haven's MSA)
New Bedford, Massachusetts: 94,845 (part of Providence's MSA)
Brockton, Massachusetts: 94,779 (part of Greater Boston)
Quincy, Massachusetts: 93,397 (part of Greater Boston)
During the 20th century, urban expansion in regions surrounding New York City has become an important economic influence on neighboring Connecticut, parts of which belong to the New York metropolitan area. The U.S. Census Bureau groups Fairfield, New Haven and Litchfield counties in western Connecticut together with New York City, and other parts of New York and New Jersey as a combined statistical area.[90]
Major Cities of New England
1. Boston, Massachusetts
2. Worcester, Massachusetts
3. Providence, Rhode Island
4. Springfield, Massachusetts
5. Bridgeport, Connecticut
6. New Haven, Connecticut
7. Stamford, Connecticut
8. Hartford, Connecticut
9. Manchester, New Hampshire
10. Lowell, Massachusetts
11. Cambridge, Massachusetts
12. Waterbury, Connecticut
13. New Bedford, Massachusetts
14. Brockton, Massachusetts
15. Quincy, Massachusetts
Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of New England
Overview[edit]
Old Port (Wharf Street), in Portland, Maine
Several factors combine to make the New England economy unique. The region is distant from the geographic center of the country, and is a relatively small region, and relatively densely populated. It historically has been an important center of industrial manufacturing and a supplier of natural resource products, such as granite, lobster, and codfish. New England exports food products, ranging from fish to lobster, cranberries, Maine potatoes, and maple syrup. The service industry is important, including tourism, education, financial and insurance services, plus architectural, building, and construction services. The U.S. Department of Commerce has called the New England economy a microcosm for the entire U.S. economy.[91]
In the first half of the 20th century, the region underwent a long period of deindustrialization as traditional manufacturing companies relocated to the Midwest, with textile and furniture manufacturing migrating to the South. In the mid-to-late 20th century, an increasing portion of the regional economy included high technology (including computer and electronic equipment manufacturing), military defense industry, finance and insurance services, as well as education and health services.
As of 2015, the GDP of New England was $953.9 billion.[92]
Exports[edit]
Vermont maple syrup
Exports consist mostly of industrial products, including specialized machines and weaponry (aircraft and missiles especially), built by the region's educated workforce. About half of the region's exports consist of industrial and commercial machinery, such as computers and electronic and electrical equipment. This, when combined with instruments, chemicals, and transportation equipment, makes up about three-quarters of the region's exports. Granite is quarried at Barre, Vermont,[93] guns made at Springfield, Massachusetts and Saco, Maine, boats at Groton, Connecticut and Bath, Maine, and hand tools at Turners Falls, Massachusetts. Insurance is a driving force in and around Hartford, Connecticut.[91]
Agriculture[edit]
Agriculture is limited by the area's rocky soil, cool climate, and small area. Some New England states, however, are ranked highly among U.S. states for particular areas of production. Maine is ranked ninth for aquaculture,[94] and has abundant potato fields in its northeast part. Vermont is fifteenth for dairy products,[95] and Connecticut and Massachusetts seventh and eleventh for tobacco, respectively.[96][97] Cranberries are grown in Massachusetts' Cape Cod-Plymouth-South Shore area, and blueberries in Maine.
Energy[edit]
Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant in Seabrook, New Hampshire
Three of the six New England states are among the country's highest consumers of nuclear power: Vermont (first, 73.7%), Connecticut (fourth, 48.9%), and New Hampshire (sixth, 46%).[98] The region is mostly energy-efficient compared to the U.S. at large, with every state but Maine ranking within the ten most energy-efficient states;[99] every state in New England also ranks within the ten most expensive states for electricity prices.[100]
Employment[edit]
Unemployment rates in New England
Employment area
October 2010
October 2011
October 2012
October 2013
December 2014
December 2015[101]
December 2016[102]
Net change
United States 9.7 9.0 7.9 7.2 5.6 5.0 4.7 −5.0
New England 8.3 7.6 7.4 7.1 5.4 4.3 3.5 −4.7
Connecticut 9.1 8.7 9.0 7.6 6.4 5.2 4.4 −4.7
Maine 7.6 7.3 7.4 6.5 5.5 4.0 3.8 −3.8
Massachusetts 8.3 7.3 6.6 7.2 5.5 4.7 2.8 −5.5
New Hampshire 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.2 4.0 3.1 2.6 −3.1
Rhode Island 11.5 10.4 10.4 9.4 6.8 5.1 5.0 −6.5
Vermont 5.9 5.6 5.5 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.1 −2.8
As of January 2017, employment is stronger in New England than in the rest of the United States. During the Great Recession, unemployment rates ballooned across New England as elsewhere; however, in the years that followed, these rates declined steadily, with New Hampshire and Massachusetts having the lowest unemployment rates in the country, respectively. The most extreme swing was in Rhode Island, which had an unemployment rate above 10% following the recession, but which saw this rate decline by over 6% in six years.
As of December 2016, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) with the lowest unemployment rate, 2.1%, was Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont; the MSA with the highest rate, 4.9%, was Waterbury, Connecticut.[103]
Government[edit]
Main articles: Government of Vermont, Government of New Hampshire, Government of Maine, Government of Massachusetts, Government of Connecticut, and Government of Rhode Island
Town meetings[edit]
Main articles: Town meeting and New England town
A New England town meeting in Huntington, Vermont
New England town meetings were derived from meetings held by church elders, and are still an integral part of government in many New England towns. At such meetings, any citizen of the town may discuss issues with other members of the community and vote on them. This is the strongest example of direct democracy in the U.S. today, and the strong democratic tradition was even apparent in the early 19th century, when Alexis de Tocqueville wrote in Democracy in America:
“ New England, where education and liberty are the daughters of morality and religion, where society has acquired age and stability enough to enable it to form principles and hold fixed habits, the common people are accustomed to respect intellectual and moral superiority and to submit to it without complaint, although they set at naught all those privileges which wealth and birth have introduced among mankind. In New England, consequently, the democracy makes a more judicious choice than it does elsewhere.[104] ”
By contrast, James Madison wrote in Federalist No. 55 that, regardless of the assembly, "passion never fails to wrest the scepter from reason. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob."[105] The use and effectiveness of town meetings is still discussed by scholars, as well as the possible application of the format to other regions and countries.[106]
Politics[edit]
Main article: Politics of New England
Elections[edit]
Main article: Elections in New England
State and national elected officials in New England recently have been elected mainly from the Democratic Party.[107] The region is generally considered to be the most liberal in the United States, with more New Englanders identifying as liberals than Americans elsewhere. In 2010, four of six of the New England states were polled as the most liberal in the United States; Maine and New Hampshire also were more liberal than the bottom-half.[108]
The six states of New England voted for the Democratic Presidential nominee in the 1992, 1996, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 elections, and every New England state other than New Hampshire voted for Al Gore in the presidential election of 2000. In the 113th Congress the House delegations from all six states of New England were all Democratic. New England is home to the only two independents currently serving in the U.S. Senate, both of whom caucus with the Democratic Party: Bernie Sanders, a self-described democratic socialist,[109][110] representing Vermont; and Angus King, an Independent representing Maine.
In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama carried all six New England states by 9 percentage points or more.[111] He carried every county in New England except for Piscataquis County, Maine, which he lost by 4% to Senator John McCain (R-AZ). Pursuant to the reapportionment following the 2010 census, New England collectively has 33 electoral votes.
The following table presents the vote percentage for the popular-vote winner for each New England state, New England as a whole, and the United States as a whole, in each presidential election from 1900 to 2016, with the vote percentage for the Republican candidate shaded in red and the vote percentage for the Democratic candidate shaded in blue:
Year
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
New England
United States
2016 54.0% 48.0% 61.0% 47.6% 54.9% 61.1% 55.6% 48.2%
2012 58.1% 56.3% 60.7% 52.0% 62.7% 66.6% 59.1% 51.1%
2008 60.6% 57.7% 61.8% 54.1% 62.9% 67.5% 60.6% 52.9%
2004 54.3% 53.6% 61.9% 50.2% 59.4% 58.9% 57.7% 50.7%
2000 55.9% 49.1% 59.8% 48.1% 61.0% 50.6% 56.1% 48.4%
1996 52.8% 51.6% 61.5% 49.3% 59.7% 53.4% 56.8% 49.2%
1992 42.2% 38.8% 47.5% 38.9% 47.0% 46.1% 44.4% 43.0%
1988 52.0% 55.3% 53.2% 62.5% 55.6% 51.1% 49.5% 53.4%
1984 60.7% 60.8% 51.2% 68.7% 51.7% 57.9% 56.2% 58.8%
1980 48.2% 45.6% 41.9% 57.7% 47.7% 44.4% 44.7% 50.8%
1976 52.1% 48.9% 56.1% 54.7% 55.4% 54.3% 51.7% 50.1%
1972 58.6% 61.5% 54.2% 64.0% 53.0% 62.7% 52.5% 60.7%
1968 49.5% 55.3% 63.0% 52.1% 64.0% 52.8% 56.1% 43.4%
1964 67.8% 68.8% 76.2% 63.9% 80.9% 66.3% 72.8% 61.1%
1960 53.7% 57.0% 60.2% 53.4% 63.6% 58.6% 56.0% 49.7%
1956 63.7% 70.9% 59.3% 66.1% 58.3% 72.2% 62.0% 57.4%
1952 55.7% 66.0% 54.2% 60.9% 50.9% 71.5% 56.1% 55.2%
1948 49.5% 56.7% 54.7% 52.4% 57.6% 61.5% 51.5% 49.6%
1944 52.3% 52.4% 52.8% 52.1% 58.6% 57.1% 52.4% 53.4%
1940 53.4% 51.1% 53.1% 53.2% 56.7% 54.8% 52.8% 54.7%
1936 55.3% 55.5% 51.2% 49.7% 53.1% 56.4% 50.9% 60.8%
1932 48.5% 55.8% 50.6% 50.4% 55.1% 57.7% 49.1% 57.4%
1928 53.6% 68.6% 50.2% 58.7% 50.2% 66.9% 53.2% 58.2%
1924 61.5% 72.0% 62.3% 59.8% 59.6% 78.2% 63.3% 54.0%
1920 62.7% 68.9% 68.5% 59.8% 64.0% 75.8% 66.7% 60.3%
1916 49.8% 51.0% 50.5% 49.1% 51.1% 62.4% 51.1% 49.2%
1912 39.2% 39.4% 35.5% 39.5% 39.0% 37.1% 36.6% 41.8%
1908 59.4% 63.0% 58.2% 59.3% 60.8% 75.1% 60.2% 51.6%
1904 58.1% 67.4% 57.9% 60.1% 60.6% 78.0% 60.4% 56.4%
1900 56.9% 61.9% 57.6% 59.3% 59.7% 75.7% 59.4% 51.6%
Political party strength[edit]
Judging purely by party registration rather than voting patterns, New England today is one of the most Democratic regions in the U.S.[112][113][114] According to Gallup, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Vermont are "solidly Democratic", Maine "leans Democratic", and New Hampshire is a swing state.[115] Though New England is today considered a Democratic Party stronghold, much of the region was staunchly Republican before the mid-twentieth century. This changed in the late 20th century, in large part due to demographic shifts[116] and the Republican Party's adoption of socially conservative platforms as part of their strategic shift towards the South.[59] For example, Vermont voted Republican in every presidential election but one from 1856 through 1988, and has voted Democratic every election since. Maine and Vermont were the only two states in the nation to vote against Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt all four times he ran for president. Republicans in New England are today considered by both liberals and conservatives to be more moderate (socially liberal) compared to Republicans in other parts of the U.S.[117]
† Elected as an independent, but caucuses with the Democratic Party.
State
Governor
Senior U.S. Senator
Junior U.S. Senator
U.S. House Delegation
Upper House Majority
Lower House Majority
CT D. Malloy R. Blumenthal C. Murphy Democratic 5–0 Tied 18–18 Democratic 80–71
ME P. LePage S. Collins A. King[†] Split 1–1 Republican 18–17 Democratic 76–72–2
MA C. Baker E. Warren E. Markey Democratic 9–0 Democratic 34–6 Democratic 125–35
NH C. Sununu J. Shaheen M. Hassan Democratic 2-0 Republican 14–10 Republican 226–174
RI G. Raimondo J. Reed S. Whitehouse Democratic 2–0 Democratic 33–5 Democratic 64–10–1
VT P. Scott P. Leahy B. Sanders[†] Democratic 1–0 Democratic 21–7–2 Democratic 83–53–7–7
Alumni Hall at Saint Anselm College has served as a backdrop for the media reports during the New Hampshire primary.
New Hampshire primary[edit]
Main article: New Hampshire primary
Historically, the New Hampshire primary has been the first in a series of nationwide political party primary elections held in the United States every four years. Held in the state of New Hampshire, it usually marks the beginning of the U.S. presidential election process. Even though few delegates are chosen from New Hampshire, the primary has always been pivotal to both New England and American politics. One college in particular, Saint Anselm College, has been home to numerous national presidential debates and visits by candidates to its campus.[118]
Education[edit]
Colleges and universities[edit]
New England is home to four of the eight Ivy League universities. Pictured here is Dartmouth Hall on the campus of Dartmouth College.
New England contains some of the oldest and most renowned institutions of higher learning in the United States and the world. Harvard College was the first such institution, founded in 1636 at Cambridge, Massachusetts to train preachers. Yale University was founded in Saybrook, Connecticut in 1701, and awarded the nation's first doctoral (PhD) degree in 1861. Yale moved to New Haven, Connecticut in 1718, where it has remained to the present day.
Brown University was the first college in the nation to accept students of all religious affiliations, and is the seventh oldest U.S. institution of higher learning. It was founded in Providence, Rhode Island in 1764. Dartmouth College was founded five years later in Hanover, New Hampshire with the mission of educating the local American Indian population as well as English youth. The University of Vermont, the fifth oldest university in New England, was founded in 1791, the same year that Vermont joined the Union.
In addition to four out of eight Ivy League schools, New England contains the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), four of the original Seven Sisters, the bulk of educational institutions that are identified as the "Little Ivies", one of the eight original Public Ivies, the Colleges of Worcester Consortium in central Massachusetts, and the Five Colleges consortium in western Massachusetts. The University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, the University of Connecticut, the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, the University of Rhode Island, and the University of Vermont are the flagship state universities in the region.
See also: List of colleges and universities in Connecticut, List of colleges and universities in Maine, List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts, List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire, List of colleges and universities in Rhode Island, and List of colleges and universities in Vermont
Private and independent secondary schools[edit]
At the pre-college level, New England is home to a number of American independent schools (also known as private schools). The concept of the elite "New England prep school" (preparatory school) and the "preppy" lifestyle is an iconic part of the region's image.[119]
See the list of private schools for each state:
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont.
Public education[edit]
Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the U.S., established in 1635.
New England is home to some of the oldest public schools in the nation. Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in America and was attended by several signatories of the Declaration of Independence.[120] Hartford Public High School is the second oldest operating high school in the U.S.[121]
As of 2005, the National Education Association ranked Connecticut as having the highest-paid teachers in the country. Massachusetts and Rhode Island ranked eighth and ninth, respectively.
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont have cooperated in developing a New England Common Assessment Program test under the No Child Left Behind guidelines. These states can compare the resultant scores with each other.
The Maine Learning Technology Initiative program supplies all students with Apple MacBook laptops.
Academic journals and press[edit]
There are several academic journals and publishing companies in the region, including The New England Journal of Medicine, Harvard University Press, and Yale University Press. Some of its institutions lead the open access alternative to conventional academic publication, including MIT, the University of Connecticut, and the University of Maine. The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston publishes the New England Economic Review.[122]
Culture[edit]
Cushing house, Hingham, Massachusetts
Classic New England Congregationalist church in Peacham, Vermont
New England has a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by waves of immigration from Europe.[123] In contrast to other American regions, many of New England's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England, contributing to New England's distinctive accents, foods, customs, and social structures.[124]:30–50 Within modern New England a cultural divide exists between urban New Englanders living along the densely populated coastline, and rural New Englanders in western Massachusetts, northwestern and northeastern Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, where population density is low.[125]
Today, New England is the least religious region of the U.S. In 2009, less than half of those polled in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont claimed that religion was an important part of their daily lives. In Connecticut and Rhode Island, also among the ten least religious states, 55 and 53%, respectively, of those polled claimed that it was.[126] According to the American Religious Identification Survey, 34% of Vermonters, a plurality, claimed to have no religion; on average, nearly one out of every four New Englanders identifies as having no religion, more than in any other part of the U.S.[127] New England had one of the highest percentages of Catholics in the U.S. This number declined from 50% in 1990 to 36% in 2008.[127]
Cultural roots[edit]
Many of the first European colonists of New England had a maritime orientation toward whaling (first noted about 1650)[128] and fishing, in addition to farming. New England has developed a distinct cuisine, dialect, architecture, and government. New England cuisine has a reputation for its emphasis on seafood and dairy; clam chowder, lobster, and other products of the sea are among some of the region's most popular foods.
See also: Cuisine of New England
New England has largely preserved its regional character, especially in its historic places. The region has become more ethnically diverse, having seen waves of immigration from Ireland, Quebec, Italy, Portugal, Poland, Asia, Latin America, Africa, other parts of the U.S., and elsewhere. The enduring European influence can be seen in the region in the use of traffic rotaries, the bilingual French and English towns of northern Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire, the region's heavy prevalence of English town- and county-names, and its unique, often non-rhotic coastal dialect reminiscent of southeastern England.
Within New England, many names of towns (and a few counties) repeat from state to state, primarily due to settlers throughout the region having named their new towns after their old ones. For example, the town of North Yarmouth, Maine was named by settlers from Yarmouth, Massachusetts, which was in turn named for Great Yarmouth in England. As another example, every New England state has a town named Warren, and every state except Rhode Island has a city or town named Andover, Bridgewater, Chester, Franklin, Manchester, Plymouth, Washington, and Windsor; in addition, every state except Connecticut has a Lincoln and a Richmond, and Massachusetts, Vermont, and Maine each contains a Franklin County.
Accents[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
There are several American English accents spoken in the region, including New England English and its derivative known as the Boston accent.
The so-called Boston accent is native to the northeastern coastal regions of New England. Many of its most identifiable features are believed to have originated from the influence of England's Received Pronunciation, which shares those features, such as dropping final R and the broad A. Another source was 17th century speech in East Anglia and Lincolnshire where many of the Puritan immigrants originated. The East Anglian "whine" developed into the Yankee "twang".[124] Boston accents were most strongly associated at one point with the so-called "Eastern Establishment" and Boston's upper class, although today the accent is predominantly associated with blue-collar natives, as exemplified by movies such as Good Will Hunting and The Departed. The Boston accent and those accents closely related to it cover eastern Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine.[129]
Some Rhode Islanders speak with a non-rhotic accent that many compare to a "Brooklyn" accent or a cross between a New York and Boston accent, where "water" becomes "wata". Many Rhode Islanders distinguish the aw sound [ɔː], as one might hear in New Jersey; e.g., the word "coffee" is pronounced /ˈkɔːfi/ KAW-fee.[130] This type of accent was brought to the region by early settlers from eastern England in the Puritan migration in the mid-seventeenth century.[124]:13–207
Social activities and music[edit]
Acadian and Québécois culture are included in music and dance in much of rural New England, particularly Maine. Contra dancing and country square dancing are popular throughout New England, usually backed by live Irish, Acadian, or other folk music. Fife and drum corps are common, especially in southern New England and more specifically Connecticut, with music of mostly Celtic, English, and local origin.
Opera houses and theaters are popular in New England towns, such as the Vergennes Opera House in Vergennes, Vermont.
Traditional knitting, quilting, and rug hooking circles in rural New England have become less common; church, sports, and town government are more typical social activities. These traditional gatherings are often hosted in individual homes or civic centers.
New England leads the U.S. in ice cream consumption per capita.[131][132] In the U.S., candlepin bowling is essentially confined to New England, where it was invented in the 19th century.[133]
New England was an important center of American classical music for some time. Prominent modernist composers also come from the region, including Charles Ives and John Adams. Boston is the site of the New England Conservatory and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
In popular music, the region has produced Donna Summer, JoJo, New Edition, Bobby Brown, Passion Pit, Meghan Trainor, New Kids on the Block, Rachel Platten, and John Mayer. In rock music, the region has produced Rob Zombie, Aerosmith, The Modern Lovers, Phish, the Pixies, GG Allin, the Dropkick Murphys, and Boston. Quincy, Massachusetts native Dick Dale helped popularize surf rock.
Media[edit]
The leading U.S. cable TV sports broadcaster ESPN is headquartered in Bristol, Connecticut. New England has several regional cable networks, including New England Cable News (NECN) and the New England Sports Network (NESN). New England Cable News is the largest regional 24-hour cable news network in the U.S., broadcasting to more than 3.2 million homes in all of the New England states. Its studios are located in Newton, Massachusetts, outside of Boston, and it maintains bureaus in Manchester, New Hampshire; Hartford, Connecticut; Worcester, Massachusetts; Portland, Maine; and Burlington, Vermont.[134] In Connecticut, Litchfield, Fairfield, and New Haven counties it also broadcasts New York based news programs—this is due in part to the immense influence New York has on this region's economy and culture, and also to give Connecticut broadcasters the ability to compete with overlapping media coverage from New York-area broadcasters.
NESN broadcasts the Boston Red Sox baseball and Boston Bruins hockey throughout the region, save for Fairfield County, Connecticut.[135] Most of Connecticut, save for Windham county in the state's northeast corner, and even southern Rhode Island, receives the YES Network, which broadcasts the games of the New York Yankees. For the most part, the same areas also carry SportsNet New York (SNY), which broadcasts New York Mets games.
Comcast SportsNet New England broadcasts the games of the Boston Celtics, New England Revolution and Boston Cannons.
While most New England cities have daily newspapers, The Boston Globe and The New York Times are distributed widely throughout the region. Major newspapers also include The Providence Journal, Portland Press Herald, and Hartford Courant, the oldest continuously published newspaper in the U.S.[136]
Comedy[edit]
New Englanders are well represented in American comedy. Writers for The Simpsons and late-night television programs often come by way of the Harvard Lampoon. Family Guy is an animated sitcom situated in Rhode Island, created by Connecticut native and Rhode Island School of Design graduate Seth MacFarlane (along with American Dad! and The Cleveland Show). A number of Saturday Night Live (SNL) cast members have roots in New England, from Adam Sandler to Amy Poehler, who also stars in the NBC television series Parks and Recreation. Former Daily Show correspondents Rob Corddry and Steve Carell are from Massachusetts. Carell was also involved in film and the American adaptation of The Office, which features Dunder-Mifflin branches set in Stamford, Connecticut and Nashua, New Hampshire.
Late-night television hosts Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien have roots in the Boston area. Notable stand-up comedians are also from the region, including Bill Burr, Dane Cook, Steve Sweeney, Steven Wright, Sarah Silverman, Lisa Lampanelli, Denis Leary, Lenny Clarke, Patrice O'Neal, and Louis CK. SNL cast member Seth Meyers once attributed the region's imprint on American humor to its "sort of wry New England sense of pointing out anyone who's trying to make a big deal of himself", with the Boston Globe suggesting that irony and sarcasm are its trademarks, as well as Irish influences.[137]
Literature[edit]
Main article: Literature of New England
Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston and spent most of his literary career in Concord, Massachusetts.
The literature of New England has had an enduring influence on American literature in general, with themes that are emblematic of the larger concerns of American letters, such as religion, race, the individual versus society, social repression, and nature.[138] Famous New England writers include Transcendentalist philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, poets Emily Dickinson and Elizabeth Bishop, and novelists Nathaniel Hawthorne and Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Boston was the center of the American publishing industry for some years, largely on the strength of its local writers and before it was overtaken by New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. Boston remains the home of publishers Houghton Mifflin and Pearson Education, and it was the longtime home of literary magazine The Atlantic Monthly. Merriam-Webster is based in Springfield, Massachusetts. Yankee is a magazine for New Englanders based in Dublin, New Hampshire.
Twentieth and twenty-first century writers hailing from New England include Maine native Stephen King and New Hampshire native John Irving, and New England is a major setting of their works. George V. Higgins wrote about life in the New England criminal underworld, while H.P. Lovecraft set many of his works of horror in his native Rhode Island.
Film, television, and acting[edit]
New England has a rich history in filmmaking dating back to the dawn of the motion picture era at the turn of the 20th century, sometimes dubbed Hollywood East by film critics. A theater at 547 Washington Street in Boston was the second location to debut a picture projected by the Vitascope, and shortly thereafter several novels were being adapted for the screen and set in New England, including The Scarlet Letter and The House of Seven Gables.[139] The New England region continued to churn out films at a pace above the national average for the duration of the 20th century, including blockbuster hits such as Jaws, Good Will Hunting, and The Departed, all of which won Oscars. The New England area became known for a number of themes that recurred in films made during this era, including the development of yankee characters, smalltown life contrasted with city values, seafaring tales, family secrets, and haunted New England.[140] These themes are rooted in centuries of New England culture and are complemented by the region's diverse natural landscape and architecture, from the Atlantic Ocean and brilliant fall foliage to church steeples and skyscrapers.
Since the turn of the millennium, Boston and the greater New England region have been home to the production of numerous films and television series, thanks in part to tax incentive programs put in place by local governments to attract filmmakers to the region.[141]
Notable actors and actresses that have come from the New England area include Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, Amy Poehler, Elizabeth Banks, Steve Carell, Ruth Gordon, John Krasinski, Edward Norton, Mark Wahlberg, and Matthew Perry. A full list of those from Massachusetts can be found here, and a listing of notable films and television series produced in the area here.
Sports[edit]
Main article: Sports in New England
Two popular American sports were invented in New England: basketball, invented by James Naismith (a Canadian) in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891,[142] and volleyball, invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, in Holyoke, Massachusetts.[143] Additionally, Walter Camp is credited with developing modern American football in New Haven, Connecticut, in the 1870s and 1880s.[144]
New Hampshire Motor Speedway is an oval racetrack that has hosted several NASCAR and American Championship Car Racing races, whereas Lime Rock Park in Connecticut is a traditional road racing venue home of sports car races. Events at these venues have had the "New England" moniker, such as the NASCAR New England 300 and New England 200, the IndyCar Series New England Indy 200, and the American Le Mans Series New England Grand Prix.
Professional and semi-professional sports teams[edit]
Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox, is the oldest operating ballpark in the U.S.
The major professional sports teams in New England are based in Massachusetts: the Boston Red Sox, the New England Patriots (based in Foxborough, Massachusetts), the Boston Celtics, the Boston Bruins, the New England Revolution (also based in Foxborough), the Boston Breakers, and the Boston Cannons. Hartford had a professional hockey team, the Hartford Whalers, from 1975 until they moved to North Carolina in 1997. A WNBA team, the Connecticut Sun, are based in southeastern Connecticut at the Mohegan Sun resort, which is also home to the professional indoor lacrosse team the New England Black Wolves. New England is also home to the Boston Blades, Boston Pride and the Connecticut Whale, which represent three of the five professional women's hockey teams in the United States.
There are also minor league baseball and hockey teams based in larger cities such as the Bridgeport Bluefish (baseball), the Bridgeport Sound Tigers (hockey), the Connecticut Tigers (baseball), the Hartford Yard Goats (baseball), the Hartford Wolf Pack (hockey), the Lowell Spinners (baseball), the Manchester Monarchs (hockey), the New Britain Bees (baseball), the New Hampshire Fisher Cats (baseball), the Pawtucket Red Sox (baseball), the Portland Sea Dogs (baseball), the Providence Bruins (hockey), the Springfield Thunderbirds (hockey), the Vermont Lake Monsters (baseball), and the Worcester Railers (hockey).
The NBA G League fields a team in New England: the Maine Red Claws, based in Portland, Maine. The Springfield Armor in Springfield, Massachusetts, previously played in the region. The Red Claws are affiliated with the Boston Celtics and the Armor were affiliated with the Brooklyn Nets, prior to relocating to Grand Rapids, Michigan, to become the Grand Rapids Drive. New England is also represented in the Premier Basketball League by the Vermont Frost Heaves of Barre, Vermont.
Thanksgiving Day high school football rivalries date back to the 19th century, and the Harvard-Yale rivalry ("The Game") is the oldest active rivalry in college football. The Boston Marathon, run on Patriots' Day every year, is a New England cultural institution and the oldest annual marathon in the world. While the race offers far less prize money than many other marathons, the race's difficulty and long history make it one of the world's most prestigious marathons.[145]
Transportation[edit]
Main article: Transportation in New England
The MBTA Commuter Rail serves much of Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island radiating from Downtown Boston, with plans for expansion into New Hampshire.[146][147]
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) provides rail and subway service within the Boston metropolitan area, bus service in Greater Boston, and commuter rail service throughout Eastern Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island. The New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority in partnership with the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) operates the Metro-North Railroad, which provides commuter rail service in Southwestern Connecticut in the corridor between New York City and New Haven. CTDOT provides the Shore Line East commuter rail service along the Connecticut coastline east of New Haven, terminating in Old Saybrook and New London.
Amtrak provides interstate rail service throughout New England. Boston is the northern terminus of the Northeast Corridor. The Vermonter connects Vermont to Massachusetts and Connecticut, while the Downeaster links Maine to Boston. The long-distance Lake Shore Limited train has two eastern termini after splitting in Albany, one of which is Boston. This provides rail service on the former Boston and Albany Railroad, which runs between its namesake cities. The rest of the Lake Shore Limited continues to New York City.
See also[edit]
Autumn in New England
Brother Jonathan
Extreme points of New England
Fieldstone
Historic New England
List of amusement parks in New England
List of beaches in New England
List of mammals of New England
Manor of East Greenwich
New Albion
New Albion (colony)
New England/Acadian forests
New England Confederation
New England Planters
New England Summer Nationals
Northeastern coastal forests
Southeastern New England AVA wine region
Swamp Yankee
New England portal
Connecticut portal
Maine portal
Massachusetts portal
New Hampshire portal
Rhode Island portal
Vermont portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ [4][5][6][7][8][9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Resident Population in the New England Census Division". US Census Bureau. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Yankee". The American Heritage Dictionary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) by state (millions of current dollars)". U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia". Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Britannica article". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "American Heritage Dictionary". Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Random House Unabridged Dictionary". Dictionary.infoplease.com. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. August 13, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "New England". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2003. Archived November 1, 2003, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The 1692 Salem Witch Trials". SalemWitchTrialsMuseum.com. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chiu, Monica (2009). Asian Americans in New England: Culture and Community. Lebanon, NH: University of New Hampshire Press. p. 44. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bain, Angela Goebel; Manring, Lynne; and Mathews, Barbara. Native Peoples in New England. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association.
Jump up ^ "Abenaki History". abenakination.org. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Allen, William (1849). The History of Norridgewock. Norridgewock ME: Edward J. Peet. p. 10. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wiseman, Fred M. "The Voice of the Dawn: An Autohistory of the Abenaki Nation". p. 70. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "What are the oldest cities in America?". Glo-con.com. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
Jump up ^ Cressy, David (1987). Coming Over: Migration and Communication Between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century. p. 4. Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ Swindler, William F., ed; Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions 10 Volumes; Dobbs Ferry, New York; Oceana Publications, 1973–1979. Volume 5: pp. 16–26.
Jump up ^ "...joint stock company organized in 1620 by a charter from the British crown with authority to colonize and govern the area now known as New England." New England, Council for. (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service: Britannica.com Archived February 12, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Haxtun, Anne Arnoux (1896). Signers of the Mayflower Compact, vol. 1. New York: The Mail and Express Publishing Company. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Townsend, Edward Waterman (1906). Our Constitution: How and Why It Was Made. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company. p. 42. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. "Public Records: The History of the Arms and Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts". sec.state.ma.us. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Northend, William Dummer (1896). The Bay Colony: A Civil, Religious and Social History of the Massachusetts Colony. Boston: Estes and Lauriat. p. 305.
Jump up ^ "History of Boston, Massachusetts". U-S-History.com. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ State of Connecticut. "About Connecticut". CT.gov. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Peace, Nancy E. (November 1976). "Roger Williams—A Historiographical Essay" (PDF). Rhode Island History. Providence RI: The Rhode Island Historical Society. pp. 103–115. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "History & Famous Rhode Islanders". Rhode Island Tourism Division. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hall, Hiland (1868). The History of Vermont: From Its Discovery to Its Admission into the Union. Albany NY: Joel Munsell. p. 3.
Jump up ^ "1637 - The Pequot War". The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Howe, Daniel Wait (1899). The Puritan Republic of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill. pp. 308–311.
Jump up ^ "1675 - King Philip's War". The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1972). The Oxford History of the American People. New York City: Mentor. p. 112. ISBN 0-451-62600-1.
Jump up ^ Martucci, David B. "The New England Flag". D. Martucci. Archived from the original on April 1, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Flags of the Early North American Colonies and Explorers". Historical Flags of Our Ancestors.
Jump up ^ Leepson, Marc (2007). Flag: An American Biography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 14.
Jump up ^ Various (1908). Proceedings of the First New England Conference: Called by the Governors of the New England States, Boston, Nov. 23, 24, 1908. Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Company. p. 6.
Jump up ^ Preble, George Henry (1880). History of the Flag of the United States of America: And of the Naval and Yacht-club Signals, Seals, and Arms, and Principal National Songs of the United States, with a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations. Boston: A. Williams. p. 190.
Jump up ^ Stark, Bruce P. "The Dominion of New England". Connecticut Humanities Council. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Palfrey, John Gorham (1865). History of New England, vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. 561–590. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Palfrey, John Gorham (1873). A Compendious History of New England, vol. 3. Boston: H.C. Shepard. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wesley Frank Craven, Colonies in Transition, 1660 – 1713 (1968). p. 224.
Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas. "Slavery in New Hampshire". Slavenorth.com. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yankeeland". The Random House Dictionary. Boston: Random House. 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Library of Congress. "Missouri Compromise: Primary Documents of American History". Retrieved March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ James Schouler, History of the United States, Vol. 1 (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. 1891; copyright expired)
Jump up ^ Dwight, Theodore (1833). History of the Hartford Convention. New York: N. & J. White. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hickey, Donald R. The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict. University of Illinois Press. p. 233.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Thomas Valentine; Fenton, Hector Tyndale (1884). American Politics (Non-Partisan) from the Beginning to Date, Book III. Chicago: C. R. Brodix. pp. 64–69.
Jump up ^ Cairns, William B. (1912). A History of American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ "New England", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006. Archived October 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "History & Culture: Birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution". Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, MA, RI. National Park Service. June 11, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bagnall, William R. The Textile Industries of the United States: Including Sketches and Notices of Cotton, Woolen, Silk, and Linen Manufacturers in the Colonial Period. Vol. I. pg. 97. The Riverside Press, 1893.
Jump up ^ "Forging Arms for the Nation". Springfield Armory National Historic Site, Massachusetts. National Park Service. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Coen, Scott (May 13, 2011). "The Springfield Armory: The Heartbeat of the 19th Century Industrial Revolution". MassLive.com. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rooker, Sarah. "The Industrial Revolution: Connecticut River Valley Overview". Teaching the Industrial Revolution. The Flow of History. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dublin, Thomas. "Lowell Millhands". Transforming Women's Work (1994) pp. 77–118.
^ Jump up to: a b "Census Data for Year 1850". Historical Census Browser. University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "American Abolitionism and Religion". Divining America: Religion in American History. National Humanities Center TeacherServe. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Tarr, David; Benenson, Bon (2012). Elections A to Z. Thousand Oaks, CA: CQ Press. p. 542. ISBN 978-0-87289-769-4. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Minchin, Timothy J. (2013). "The Crompton Closing: Imports and the Decline of America's Oldest Textile Company". Journal of American Studies. 47 (1): 231–260.
Jump up ^ Henry Etzkowitz, MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science (Routledge 2007)
Jump up ^ David Koistinen, Confronting Decline: The Political Economy of Deindustrialization in Twentieth-Century New England (2013)
Jump up ^ Bishaw, Alemayehu; Iceland, John (May 2003). "Poverty: 1999" (PDF). Census 2000 Brief. US Census Bureau. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2014 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars): 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S1901)". American Factfinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Part 1: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). 2000 Census of Population and Housing – United States Summary: 2000. United States Census Bureau. April 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The British Isles and all that .." Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Glacial Features of the Exotic Terrane". The Teacher-Friendly Guide to the Earth Science of the Northeastern US. Paleontological Research Institution. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Emerson, Philip (1922). The Geography of New England. New York: The Macmillan Company. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Physiographic divisions of the conterminous U.S". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Topography of the Appalachian/Piedmont Region 2". The Teacher-Friendly Guide to the Earth Science of the Northeastern US. Paleontological Research Institution. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Ethan. "The 10 Tallest Mountains East of the Mississippi". USA Today. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "World Record Wind". Mount Washington Observatory. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h". World Meteorological Organization. January 22, 2010. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "About Us". Mount Washington Observatory. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hrin, Eric (March 26, 2011). "Wolfe turns love of books into career; One-hundredth anniversary of library in Troy approaching". The Daily Review. Towanda, PA. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "New England's Fall Foliage". Discover New England. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "New England Population: 2010 Census" (PDF). Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Population Estimates".
Jump up ^ Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.; Mathews, T.J.; Osterman, Michelle J.K. (December 8, 2010). "Births: Final Data for 2008" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 59 (1). Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin: 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: New England Division (B03001)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "People Reporting Ancestry: 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: New England Division (B04006)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Includes English and "British" but not Scottish or Welsh.
^ Jump up to: a b "Language Spoken at Home: 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: New England Division (S1601)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: New England Division (B16001)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Selected Characteristics of the Native and Foreign-Born Populations: 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: New England Division (S0501)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: New England Division (B05006)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 - United States -- Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area: 2015 Population Estimates (GCT-PEPANNRES)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 - United States -- Combined Statistical Area: 2015 Population Estimates (GCT-PEPANNRES)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "TIGERweb". U.S. Census Bureau. (Combined Statistical Areas checkbox). Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Background on the New England Economy". U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on September 19, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Regional Data: GDP & Personal Income". Bureau of Economic Analysis. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rich, Jack C. (1988). Materials and Methods of Sculpture. Dover Publications.
Jump up ^ "Maine State Agriculture Overview - 2004" (PDF). USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Vermont State Agriculture Overview - 2006" (PDF). USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Connecticut State Agriculture Overview - 2005" (PDF). USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2006. Retrieved November 14, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Massachusetts State Agriculture Overview - 2005" (PDF). USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2006. Retrieved November 14, 2006.
Jump up ^ Hemmingway, Sam (July 20, 2008). "Nukes by the Numbers". Burlington Free Press.
Jump up ^ U.S. Department of Energy. "State Energy Profiles: State Rankings - State Ranking 7. Total Energy Consumed per Capita, 2013 (million Btu)". Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ U.S. Department of Energy. "State Energy Profiles: State Rankings - State Ranking 9. Average Retail Price of Electricity to Residential Sector, December 2015 (cents/kWh)". Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "National Conference of State Legislatures State Unemployment Rates 2015" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Unemployment Rates for States". Bureau of Labor Statistics. United States Government. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New England — Labor Force Statistics". U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ De Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America. Quotation attributed at [1] . Retrieved July 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Madison, James. Federalist No. 55. Quotation attributed at Ilsr.org Archived index at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
Jump up ^ See Harvard lecturer Robert I. Rotberg review Real Democracy: the New England town meeting and how it works at Democraciaparticipativa.net (Retrieved July 19, 2006) (in Spanish), (in English). Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "New England USA Quick Facts". Discover New England. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Wyoming, Mississippi, Utah Rank as Most Conservative States". Gallup.com. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sanders Socialist Successes". April 22, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lerer, Lisa (July 16, 2009). "AIG: Where's the outrage?". Politico. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Election Center 2008". CNN. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
Jump up ^ Salzman, Avi (December 18, 2005). "A Laboratory for Liberals?". New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New England grapples with first execution". Concord Monitor. May 13, 2005. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (June 8, 2006). "Gregg cites states' rights in voting against amendment". Boston Globe. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jones, Jeffrey M. (February 4, 2015). "Massachusetts, Maryland Most Democratic States". Gallup. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kazin, Michael; Edwards, Rebecca; Rothman, Adam (2011). The Concise Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History. Princeton University Press. pp. 360–365.
Jump up ^ Purple, Matt (April 1, 2010). "No More 'New England Republicans'". The American Spectator. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mike Huckabee: Mike Huckabee's Weekly Schedule for Sept. 24". All American Patriots website. September 25, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Muther, Christopher (July 1, 2010). "Prepping for a party". The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Boston Latin School". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Jump up ^ Varhola, Michael (2011). Life in Civil War America. F+W Media. ISBN 9781440310881. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "FRBB: New England Economic Review". Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ McWilliams, John P. (2004). New England's Crises and Cultural Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fischer, David Hackett (1991). Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0195069056. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New England Population History". Brown University. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
Jump up ^ Newport, Frank (January 28, 2009). "State of the States: Importance of Religion". Gallup. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Kosmin, Barry A.; Keysar, Ariela (March 2009). "ARIS 2008 Report: Part IIIC – Geography and Religion" (PDF). American Religious Identification Survey. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Starbuck, Alexander (1878). History of the American Whale Fishery from its Earliest Inception to the Year 1876. Waltham, Mass.: Alexander Starbuck. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Allan. How We Talk: American Regional English Today. Houghton Mifflin.
Jump up ^ "Guide to Rhode Island Language Stuff". Quahog.org. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Jennifer (April 27, 2007). "New England's best ice cream". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 18, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Surviving the New England Winter: You Scream, I Scream, Ice Cream!". The Harvard Harbus. December 5, 2005. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "History of Candlepin Bowling". Massachusetts Bowling Association. Archived from the original on August 26, 2007. Retrieved August 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ New England Cable News. Available at Boston.com Archived December 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
Jump up ^ New England Sports Network, Archived at: Boston.com at the Wayback Machine (archived November 7, 2005), Retrieved July 19, 2006
Jump up ^ "Older Than the Nation". Hartford Courant. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Page, Janice (January 25, 2004). "What's So Funny?". Boston.com. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gates, David (June 29, 2006). "Destination: New England". Salon. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kharfen, Stephen. "A History of Boston Films" (PDF). Retrieved February 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sheldon, Karan. "New England in Feature Films". Retrieved February 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rotella, Carlo. "Hollywood on the Charles: Why the movie industry is crazy for Boston". Boston Magazine. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mary Bellis. "History of Basketball". About.com. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ "History of Volleyball". Volleyball World Wide. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ohio Tiger Trap" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ "In marathoning, it has a foothold – History means Boston can give any race in the world a run for its money" by John Powers, The Boston Globe, April 10, 2005
Jump up ^ "Haverhill chamber chief supports train stop in Plaistow". Eagletribune.com. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Plaistow officials hopeful MBTA considers rail extension". Eagletribune.com. March 9, 2008. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
New York: Atlas of Historical County Boundaries, John H. Long, Editor; Compiled by Kathryn Ford Thorne; A Project of the Dr. William M. Scholl Center for Family and Community History, The new Berry Library, Simon & Schuster, 1993
U.S. Census Bureau, ""Census Regions and Divisions of the United States"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 7, 2013. (1.06 MB)
Further reading[edit]
Hall, Donald, Burt Feintuch, and David H. Watters, eds. Encyclopedia of New England (Yale U.P. 2005), 1596 pp; the major scholarly resource to the geography, history and culture of the region. ISBN 0-300-10027-2
Bartlett, Ray et al. New England Trips. ISBN 1-74179-728-4
Berman, Eleanor. Eyewitness Travel Guides New England. ISBN 0-7566-2697-8
Chenoweth, James. Oddity Odyssey: A Journey Through New England's Colorful Past. Holt, 1996. Humorous travel guide. ISBN 0-8050-3671-7
Koistinen, David. Confronting Decline: The Political Economy of Deindustrialization in Twentieth-Century New England (2013)
Muse, Vance. The Smithsonian Guide to Historic America: Northern New England. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1998. A photographic guide to historic sites in New England. ISBN 1-55670-635-9
Riess, Jana. The Spiritual Traveler Boston and New England: A Guide to Sacred Sites and Peaceful Places, HiddenSpring ISBN 1-58768-008-4
Sletcher, Michael. New England: The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures (2004)
Wiencek, Henry. The Smithsonian Guide to Historic America: Southern New England. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1998. A photographic guide to historic sites in New England. ISBN 1-55670-633-2
External links[edit]
Find more aboutNew Englandat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Political
New England Governors Conference
Historic
Historic New England
Minuteman National Park Homepage - American Revolution battle site
Maps
Historic USGS Maps of New England & NY
Map of New England. From the 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts by Walling and Gray.
Culture
New England Music Archive
[show]
Places adjacent to New England
Ontario Quebec New Brunswick
New York
New England
Atlantic Ocean
New Jersey Long Island Sound • Block Island Sound Sargasso Sea
Coordinates: 44°12′20.00″N 70°18′23.13″W / 44.2055556°N 70.3064250°W / 44.2055556; -70.3064250
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of the world
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Africa
North
Mediterranean
Gibraltar Arc
Greater Middle East
MENA
Middle East
Maghreb
Barbary Coast
Barbara
Ancient Libya
Atlas Mountains (Middle Atlas)
Sahara
Western Sahara
Sahel
Eastern Mediterranean
Egypt
Upper Egypt
Middle Egypt
Lower Egypt
Cataracts of the Nile
Bashmur
Nubia
Lower Nubia
Nile Valley
Nile Delta
Darfur
Gulf of Aqaba
Sub-Saharan
East
Aethiopia
Swahili coast
East African Rift
Great Rift Valley
Afar Triangle
Danakil Desert
Danakil Alps
Albertine Rift
Virunga Mountains
Gregory Rift Valley
Southern Rift Valley
Rift Valley lakes
African Great Lakes
Mittelafrika
Horn of Africa
Ethiopian Highlands
Gulf of Aden
Gulf of Tadjoura
Sudan (region)
Sudanian Savanna
East African montane forests
Sub-Saharan
Central
Negroland
Guinea region
Gulf of Guinea
Cape Lopez
Mayombe
Igboland
Mbaise
Maputaland
Pool Malebo
Congo Basin
Chad Basin
Congolese rainforests
Ouaddaï highlands
Ennedi Plateau
Sub-Saharan
West
Pepper Coast
Gold Coast
Slave Coast
Ivory Coast
Cape Palmas
Cape Mesurado
Negroland
Guinea region
Gulf of Guinea
Sudanian Savanna
Niger Basin
Guinean Forests of West Africa
Sudan (region)
Niger Delta
Inner Niger Delta
Sub-Saharan
South
Madagascar
Central Highlands (Madagascar)
Northern Highlands
Rhodesia
North
South
Thembuland
Succulent Karoo
Nama Karoo
Bushveld
Highveld
Fynbos
Cape Floristic Region
Kalahari Desert
Okavango Delta
False Bay
Hydra Bay
Sub-Saharan
Anglophone Africa
Francophone Africa
Lusophone Africa
Arabophone Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Tropical Africa
Islands
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of North America
Canada
Eastern Canada
Western Canada
Canadian Prairies
Central Canada
Northern Canada
Atlantic Canada
The Maritimes
French Canada
English Canada
Acadia
Acadian Peninsula
Quebec City–Windsor Corridor
Peace River Country
Cypress Hills
Palliser's Triangle
Canadian Shield
Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
Newfoundland (island)
Vancouver island
Gulf Islands
Strait of Georgia
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Labrador Peninsula
Gaspé Peninsula
Avalon Peninsula
Bay de Verde Peninsula
Brodeur Peninsula
Melville Peninsula
Bruce Peninsula
Banks Peninsula (Nunavut)
Cook Peninsula
Gulf of Boothia
Georgian Bay
Hudson Bay
James Bay
Greenland
United States
Pacific Northwest
Inland Northwest
Northeast
New England
Mid-Atlantic
Commonwealth
West
Midwest
Upper Midwest
Mountain States
Intermountain West
Basin and Range Province
Oregon Trail
Mormon Corridor
Calumet Region
Southwest
Old Southwest
Llano Estacado
Frontier Strip
Central United States
Tallgrass prairie
South
South Central
Deep South
Upland South
Four Corners
East Coast
West Coast
Gulf Coast
Third Coast
Coastal states
Eastern United States
Appalachia
Trans-Mississippi
Great North Woods
Great Plains
Interior Plains
Great Lakes
Great Basin
Great Basin Desert
Acadia
Ozarks
Ark-La-Tex
Waxhaws
Siouxland
Twin Tiers
Driftless Area
Palouse
Piedmont
Atlantic coastal plain
Outer Lands
Black Dirt Region
Blackstone Valley
Piney Woods
Rocky Mountains
Mojave Desert
The Dakotas
The Carolinas
Shawnee Hills
San Fernando Valley
Tornado Alley
North Coast
Lost Coast
Emerald Triangle
San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay
North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
Silicon Valley
Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
Gulf of Mexico
Lower Colorado River Valley
Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta
Colville Delta
Arkansas Delta
Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
Mississippi Delta
Mississippi River Delta
Columbia River Estuary
Great Basin
High Desert
Monterey Peninsula
Upper Peninsula of Michigan
Lower Peninsula of Michigan
Virginia Peninsula
Keweenaw Peninsula
Middle Peninsula
Delmarva Peninsula
Alaska Peninsula
Kenai Peninsula
Niagara Peninsula
Beringia
Belt regions
Bible Belt
Black Belt
Corn Belt
Cotton Belt
Frost Belt
Rice Belt
Rust Belt
Sun Belt
Snow Belt
Mexico
Northern Mexico
Baja California Peninsula
Gulf of California
Colorado River Delta
Gulf of Mexico
Soconusco
Tierra Caliente
La Mixteca
La Huasteca
Bajío
Valley of Mexico
Mezquital Valley
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
Yucatán Peninsula
Basin and Range Province
Central
Western Caribbean Zone
Isthmus of Panama
Gulf of Panama
Pearl Islands
Azuero Peninsula
Mosquito Coast
Caribbean
West Indies
Antilles
Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
Leeward
Leeward Antilles
Windward
Lucayan Archipelago
Southern Caribbean
Aridoamerica
Mesoamerica
Oasisamerica
Northern
Middle
Anglo
Latin
French
Hispanic
American Cordillera
Ring of Fire
LAC
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of South America
North
Caribbean South America
West Indies
Los Llanos
The Guianas
Amazon basin
Amazon rainforest
Gulf of Paria
Paria Peninsula
Paraguaná Peninsula
Orinoco Delta
South
Tierra del Fuego
Patagonia
Pampas
Pantanal
Gran Chaco
Chiquitano dry forests
Valdes Peninsula
West
Andes
Tropical Andes
Wet Andes
Dry Andes
Pariacaca mountain range
Altiplano
Atacama Desert
East
Amazon basin
Atlantic Forest
Caatinga
Cerrado
Latin
Hispanic
American Cordillera
Ring of Fire
LAC
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Asia
Central
Greater Middle East
Aral Sea
Aralkum Desert
Caspian Sea
Dead Sea
Sea of Galilee
Transoxiana
Turan
Greater Khorasan
Ariana
Khwarezm
Sistan
Kazakhstania
Eurasian Steppe
Asian Steppe
Kazakh Steppe
Pontic–Caspian steppe
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
Wild Fields
Yedisan
Muravsky Trail
Ural
Ural Mountains
Volga region
Idel-Ural
Kolyma
Transbaikal
Pryazovia
Bjarmaland
Kuban
Zalesye
Ingria
Novorossiya
Gornaya Shoriya
Tulgas
Iranian Plateau
Altai Mountains
Pamir Mountains
Tian Shan
Badakhshan
Wakhan Corridor
Wakhjir Pass
Mount Imeon
Mongolian Plateau
Western Regions
Taklamakan Desert
Karakoram
Trans-Karakoram Tract
Siachen Glacier
North
Inner Asia
Northeast
Far East
Russian Far East
Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
Extreme North
Siberia
Baikalia (Lake Baikal)
Transbaikal
Khatanga Gulf
Baraba steppe
Kamchatka Peninsula
Amur Basin
Yenisei Gulf
Yenisei Basin
Beringia
Sikhote-Alin
East
Japanese archipelago
Northeastern Japan Arc
Sakhalin Island Arc
Korean Peninsula
Gobi Desert
Taklamakan Desert
Greater Khingan
Mongolian Plateau
Inner Asia
Inner Mongolia
Outer Mongolia
China proper
Manchuria
Outer Manchuria
Inner Manchuria
Northeast China Plain
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
North China Plain
Yan Mountains
Kunlun Mountains
Liaodong Peninsula
Himalayas
Tibetan Plateau
Tibet
Tarim Basin
Northern Silk Road
Hexi Corridor
Nanzhong
Lingnan
Liangguang
Jiangnan
Jianghuai
Guanzhong
Huizhou
Wu
Jiaozhou
Zhongyuan
Shaannan
Ordos Loop
Loess Plateau
Shaanbei
Hamgyong Mountains
Central Mountain Range
Japanese Alps
Suzuka Mountains
Leizhou Peninsula
Gulf of Tonkin
Yangtze River Delta
Pearl River Delta
Yenisei Basin
Altai Mountains
Wakhan Corridor
Wakhjir Pass
West
Greater Middle East
MENA
Middle East
Red Sea
Caspian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Zagros Mountains
Persian Gulf
Pirate Coast
Strait of Hormuz
Greater and Lesser Tunbs
Al-Faw Peninsula
Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Aqaba
Gulf of Aden
Balochistan
Arabian Peninsula
Najd
Hejaz
Tihamah
Eastern Arabia
South Arabia
Hadhramaut
Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert
Tigris–Euphrates
Mesopotamia
Upper Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia
Sawad
Nineveh plains
Akkad (region)
Babylonia
Canaan
Aram
Eber-Nari
Suhum
Eastern Mediterranean
Mashriq
Kurdistan
Levant
Southern Levant
Transjordan
Jordan Rift Valley
Levantine Sea
Golan Heights
Hula Valley
Gaza Strip
West Bank
Galilee
Gilead
Judea
Samaria
Arabah
Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Sinai Peninsula
Arabian Desert
Syrian Desert
Fertile Crescent
Azerbaijan
Syria
Palestine
Iranian Plateau
Armenian Highlands
Caucasus
Caucasus Mountains
Greater Caucasus
Lesser Caucasus
North Caucasus
South Caucasus
Kur-Araz Lowland
Lankaran Lowland
Alborz
Absheron Peninsula
Anatolia
Cilicia
Cappadocia
Alpide belt
South
Greater India
Indian subcontinent
Himalayas
Hindu Kush
Western Ghats
Eastern Ghats
Ganges Basin
Ganges Delta
Pashtunistan
Punjab
Balochistan
Kashmir
Kashmir Valley
Pir Panjal Range
Thar Desert
Indus Valley
Indus River Delta
Indus Valley Desert
Indo-Gangetic Plain
Eastern coastal plains
Western Coastal Plains
Meghalaya subtropical forests
Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
Doab
Bagar tract
Great Rann of Kutch
Little Rann of Kutch
Deccan Plateau
Coromandel Coast
Konkan
False Divi Point
Hindi Belt
Ladakh
Aksai Chin
Gilgit-Baltistan
Baltistan
Shigar Valley
Karakoram
Saltoro Mountains
Siachen Glacier
Bay of Bengal
Gulf of Khambhat
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Mannar
Trans-Karakoram Tract
Wakhan Corridor
Wakhjir Pass
Lakshadweep
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman Islands
Nicobar Islands
Maldive Islands
Alpide belt
Southeast
Mainland
Indochina
Malay Peninsula
Maritime
Peninsular Malaysia
Sunda Islands
Greater Sunda Islands
Lesser Sunda Islands
Indonesian Archipelago
Timor
New Guinea
Bonis Peninsula
Papuan Peninsula
Huon Peninsula
Huon Gulf
Bird's Head Peninsula
Gazelle Peninsula
Philippine Archipelago
Luzon
Visayas
Mindanao
Leyte Gulf
Gulf of Thailand
East Indies
Nanyang
Alpide belt
Asia-Pacific
Tropical Asia
Ring of Fire
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Europe
North
Nordic
Northwestern
Scandinavia
Scandinavian Peninsula
Fennoscandia
Baltoscandia
Sápmi
West Nordic
Baltic
Baltic Sea
Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Finland
Iceland
Faroe Islands
East
Danubian countries
Prussia
Galicia
Volhynia
Donbass
Sloboda Ukraine
Sambia Peninsula
Amber Coast
Curonian Spit
Izyum Trail
Lithuania Minor
Nemunas Delta
Baltic
Baltic Sea
Vyborg Bay
Karelia
East Karelia
Karelian Isthmus
Lokhaniemi
Southeastern
Balkans
Aegean Islands
Gulf of Chania
North Caucasus
Greater Caucasus
Kabardia
European Russia
Southern Russia
Central
Baltic
Baltic Sea
Alpine states
Alpide belt
Mitteleuropa
Visegrád Group
West
Benelux
Low Countries
Northwest
British Isles
English Channel
Channel Islands
Cotentin Peninsula
Normandy
Brittany
Gulf of Lion
Iberia
Al-Andalus
Baetic System
Pyrenees
Alpide belt
South
Italian Peninsula
Insular Italy
Tuscan Archipelago
Aegadian Islands
Iberia
Al-Andalus
Baetic System
Gibraltar Arc
Southeastern
Mediterranean
Crimea
Alpide belt
Germanic
Romance
Celtic
Slavic countries
Uralic
European Plain
Eurasian Steppe
Pontic–Caspian steppe
Wild Fields
Pannonian Basin
Great Hungarian Plain
Little Hungarian Plain
Eastern Slovak Lowland
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of Oceania
Australasia
Gulf of Carpentaria
New Guinea
Bonis Peninsula
Papuan Peninsula
Huon Peninsula
Huon Gulf
Bird's Head Peninsula
Gazelle Peninsula
New Zealand
South Island
North Island
Coromandel Peninsula
Zealandia
New Caledonia
Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Vanuatu
Kula Gulf
Australia
Capital Country
Eastern Australia
Lake Eyre basin
Murray–Darling basin
Northern Australia
Nullarbor Plain
Outback
Southern Australia
Maralinga
Sunraysia
Great Victoria Desert
Gulf of Carpentaria
Gulf St Vincent
Lefevre Peninsula
Fleurieu Peninsula
Yorke Peninsula
Eyre Peninsula
Mornington Peninsula
Bellarine Peninsula
Mount Henry Peninsula
Melanesia
Islands Region
Bismarck Archipelago
Solomon Islands Archipelago
Fiji
New Caledonia
Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu
Micronesia
Caroline Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
Palau
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Northern Mariana Islands
Wake Island
Polynesia
Easter Island
Hawaiian Islands
Cook Islands
French Polynesia
Austral Islands
Gambier Islands
Marquesas Islands
Society Islands
Tuamotu
Kermadec Islands
Mangareva Islands
Samoa
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Ring of Fire
[show]
v
t
e
Polar regions
Antarctic
Antarctic Peninsula
East Antarctica
West Antarctica
Eklund Islands
Ecozone
Extreme points
Islands
Arctic
Arctic Alaska
British Arctic Territories
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Finnmark
Greenland
Northern Canada
Northwest Territories
Nunavik
Nunavut
Russian Arctic
Sakha
Sápmi
Yukon
North American Arctic
[show]
v
t
e
Earth's oceans and seas
Arctic Ocean
Amundsen Gulf
Barents Sea
Beaufort Sea
Chukchi Sea
East Siberian Sea
Greenland Sea
Gulf of Boothia
Kara Sea
Laptev Sea
Lincoln Sea
Prince Gustav Adolf Sea
Pechora Sea
Queen Victoria Sea
Wandel Sea
White Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Adriatic Sea
Aegean Sea
Alboran Sea
Archipelago Sea
Argentine Sea
Baffin Bay
Balearic Sea
Baltic Sea
Bay of Biscay
Bay of Bothnia
Bay of Campeche
Bay of Fundy
Black Sea
Bothnian Sea
Caribbean Sea
Celtic Sea
English Channel
Foxe Basin
Greenland Sea
Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Lion
Gulf of Guinea
Gulf of Maine
Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Gulf of Sidra
Gulf of Venezuela
Hudson Bay
Ionian Sea
Irish Sea
Irminger Sea
James Bay
Labrador Sea
Levantine Sea
Libyan Sea
Ligurian Sea
Marmara Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Myrtoan Sea
North Sea
Norwegian Sea
Sargasso Sea
Sea of Åland
Sea of Azov
Sea of Crete
Sea of the Hebrides
Thracian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea
Wadden Sea
Indian Ocean
Andaman Sea
Arabian Sea
Bali Sea
Bay of Bengal
Flores Sea
Great Australian Bight
Gulf of Aden
Gulf of Aqaba
Gulf of Khambhat
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Suez
Java Sea
Laccadive Sea
Mozambique Channel
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Timor Sea
Pacific Ocean
Arafura Sea
Banda Sea
Bering Sea
Bismarck Sea
Bohai Sea
Bohol Sea
Camotes Sea
Celebes Sea
Ceram Sea
Chilean Sea
Coral Sea
East China Sea
Gulf of Alaska
Gulf of Anadyr
Gulf of California
Gulf of Carpentaria
Gulf of Fonseca
Gulf of Panama
Gulf of Thailand
Gulf of Tonkin
Halmahera Sea
Koro Sea
Mar de Grau
Molucca Sea
Moro Gulf
Philippine Sea
Salish Sea
Savu Sea
Sea of Japan
Sea of Okhotsk
Seto Inland Sea
Shantar Sea
Sibuyan Sea
Solomon Sea
South China Sea
Sulu Sea
Tasman Sea
Visayan Sea
Yellow Sea
Southern Ocean
Amundsen Sea
Bellingshausen Sea
Cooperation Sea
Cosmonauts Sea
Davis Sea
D'Urville Sea
King Haakon VII Sea
Lazarev Sea
Mawson Sea
Riiser-Larsen Sea
Ross Sea
Scotia Sea
Somov Sea
Weddell Sea
Landlocked seas
Aral Sea
Caspian Sea
Dead Sea
Salton Sea
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
New England
Topics
Autumn
Climate
Cuisine
Culture
Demographics
Economy
Elections
Flag
Geography
Geology
Government
History
New England Colonies
Dominion of New England
New England Confederation
Literature
Politics
Sports
States
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Major cities
Augusta
Boston
Bridgeport
Burlington
Cambridge
Concord
Hartford
Lowell
Manchester
Montpelier
New Bedford
New Haven
New London
New Britain
Portland
Providence
Quincy
Springfield
Stamford
Waterbury
Worcester
State capitals
Augusta
Boston
Concord
Hartford
Montpelier
Providence
Transportation
Passenger rail
MBTA (MA, RI)
Northeast Corridor (CT, MA, RI)
Acela Express (CT, MA, RI)
Downeaster (ME, NH, MA)
Vermonter (CT, MA, NH, VT)
Shore Line East (CT)
Metro-North (CT)
Hartford Line (CT, MA; under construction)
High-speed Northern New England (proposed)
Major Interstates
I-84 (CT, MA)
I-89 (NH, VT)
I-90 (Mass Pike) (MA)
I-91 (CT, MA, VT)
I-93 (MA, NH, VT)
I-95 (CT, RI, MA, NH, ME)
defunct: New England road marking system
Airports
Bradley (CT)
Burlington (VT)
T. F. Green (RI)
Manchester–Boston (NH)
Logan (MA)
Portland (ME)
Category
Portal
Commons
[show]
v
t
e
Regions of the United States
Administrative
(political)
Units
U.S. state
District of Columbia
Insular area
Minor Outlying Island
Maritime territory
Time zones
Hawaii–Aleutian
Alaska
Pacific
Mountain
Central
Eastern
Census
West
Pacific
Mountain
Midwest
E N Central
W N Central
Northeast
New England
Middle Atlantic
South
S Atlantic
E S Central
W S Central
Courts of
appeals
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
Physical
Physiographic
Pacific Mountain
Intermontane Plateaus
Rocky Mountain
Superior Upland
Interior Plains
Interior Highlands
Appalachian
Atlantic Plain
Coastal
Arctic
West
Great Lakes
Gulf
East
Historical
Acquisitions
Thirteen Colonies
Northwest Territory
Southwest Territory
Louisiana Purchase
Gadsden Purchase
Texas annexation
Oregon Treaty
Mexican Cession
Alaska Purchase
Newlands Resolution
Civil War
Union
Border states
Confederacy
Old South
Dixie
Slave and free states
Theaters
Pacific
Western
Trans-Mississippi
Lower Seaboard
Eastern
Divided
Pacific Northwest
Atlantic Northeast
Prairie Pothole
Columbia
Oregon
Other
Appalachia
Border states
Red states and blue states
Central
Eastern
Four Corners
Great Plains
High Plains
Intermountain
Interior
Northern
Northwest
South Central
Southern
Deep
New
Upland
Southeast
Southwest
List
Category
[show]
v
t
e
United States articles
History
By event
Timeline of U.S. history
Pre-Columbian era
Colonial era
Thirteen Colonies
military history
Continental Congress
American Revolution
War
American frontier
Drafting and ratification of Constitution
Federalist Era
War of 1812
Territorial acquisitions
Territorial evolution
Mexican–American War
Civil War
Reconstruction Era
Indian Wars
Gilded Age
Progressive Era
African-American Civil Rights Movement 1865–1895 / 1896–1954
Spanish–American War
Imperialism
World War I
Roaring Twenties
Great Depression
World War II
home front
Nazism in the United States
American Century
Cold War
Korean War
Space Race
Civil Rights Movement
Feminist Movement
Vietnam War
Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
Collapse of the Soviet Union
War on Terror
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Recent events (2008–present)
By topic
Outline of U.S. history
Demographic
Discoveries
Economic
debt ceiling
Inventions
before 1890
1890–1945
1946–91
after 1991
Military
Postal
Technological and industrial
Geography
Territory
states
territories
counties
cities, towns, and villages
Earthquakes
Extreme points
Islands
Mountains
peaks
ranges
Appalachian
Rocky
National Park Service
National Parks
Regions
East Coast
West Coast
Great Plains
Gulf
Mid-Atlantic
Midwestern
New England
Pacific
Central
Eastern
Northern
Northeastern
Northwestern
Southern
Southeastern
Southwestern
Western
Rivers
Colorado
Columbia
Mississippi
Missouri
Ohio
Rio Grande
Yukon
Time
Water supply and sanitation
Politics
Federal
Executive
President
Executive Office
Cabinet / Executive departments
Civil service
Independent agencies
Law enforcement
Public policy
Legislature
Congress
Senate
Vice President
President pro tempore
House of Representatives
Speaker
Judiciary
Federal judiciary
Supreme Court
Courts of appeals
District courts
Law
Constitution
federalism
preemption
separation of powers
Bill of Rights
civil liberties
Code of Federal Regulations
Federal Reporter
United States Code
United States Reports
Intelligence
Central Intelligence Agency
Defense Intelligence Agency
Federal Bureau of Investigation
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
National Reconnaissance Office
National Security Agency
Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Uniformed
Armed Forces
Army
Marine Corps
Navy
Air Force
Coast Guard
National Guard
NOAA Corps
Public Health Service Corps
Political
divisions
List of states and territories of the United States
States
Territories
Federal district
Native American autonomous administrative divisions
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Associated states
Local government in the United States
Federal enclave
Elections
Electoral College
Foreign relations
Foreign policy
Vetos in the UN Security Council
Ideologies
Anti-Americanism
Exceptionalism
Nationalism
Parties
Democratic
Republican
Third parties
51st state
political status of Puerto Rico
District of Columbia statehood movement
Red states and blue states
Purple America
Scandals
State governments
governor
state legislature
state court
Uncle Sam
Economy
By sector
Agriculture
Banking
Wall Street
Communications
Energy
Insurance
Manufacturing
Mining
Tourism
Trade
Transportation
Companies
by state
Currency
Exports
Federal budget
Federal Reserve System
Financial position
Labor unions
Public debt
Social welfare programs
Taxation
Unemployment
Society
Culture
Americana
Architecture
Cinema
Cuisine
Dance
Demography
Education
Family structure
Fashion
Flag
Folklore
Languages
American English
Indigenous languages
ASL
Black American Sign Language
HSL
Plains Sign Talk
Arabic
Chinese
French
German
Italian
Russian
Spanish
Literature
Media
Journalism
Internet
Newspapers
Radio
Television
Music
Names
People
Philosophy
Public holidays
Religion
Sexuality
Sports
Theater
Visual art
Social class
Affluence
American Dream
Educational attainment
Homelessness
Home-ownership
Household income
Income inequality
Middle class
Personal income
Poverty
Professional and working class conflict
Standard of living
Wealth
Issues
Ages of consent
Capital punishment
Crime
Incarceration
Criticism of government
Discrimination
Affirmative action
Intersex rights
Islamophobia
LGBT rights
Racism
Same-sex marriage
Drug policy
Energy policy
Environmental movement
Gun politics
Health care
Health insurance
Health care reform
Abortion
Hunger
Obesity
Smoking
Human rights
Immigration
illegal
International rankings
National security
Mass surveillance
Terrorism
Separation of church and state
Outline
Index
Book
Category
Portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 236811278
GND: 4075306-2
BNF: cb139458053 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_England&oldid=812367272"
Categories:
English colonization of the Americas
New England
Census regions of the United States
Military history of New England
History of New England
Regions of the United States
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with Spanish-language external links
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Use mdy dates from April 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016
Articles needing additional references from November 2016
All articles needing additional references
Coordinates on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Wikivoyage
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Boarisch
Brezhoneg
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gàidhlig
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Magyar
Македонски
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Nordfriisk
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Sardu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
ייִדיש
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 November 2017, at 13:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/New_England_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
New England (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: span

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Nubble_Light
mw-redirect
Nubble Light

values:
/wiki/Cape_Neddick
mw-redirect
Cape Neddick

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/File:New_England_combo_flag.svg
image
Flag of New England

values: Location of New England (red) in the United States

values:
/wiki/Pilgrim_(Plymouth_Colony)
mw-redirect
Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)

values:
/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy
mw-redirect
Iroquois Confederacy

values:
/wiki/Atlantic_Coastal_Plain
mw-redirect
Atlantic Coastal Plain

values:
/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain
mw-redirect
Appalachian Mountain

values:
/wiki/Census_Bureau_Division
mw-redirect
Census Bureau Division

values: Edit section: Eastern Algonquian peoples

values:
/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_people
mw-redirect
Mi'kmaq people

values:
/wiki/Penobscot_people
mw-redirect
Penobscot people

values:
/wiki/Narragansett_Indians
mw-redirect
Narragansett Indians

values:
/wiki/Wampanoag_people
mw-redirect
Wampanoag people

values:
/wiki/Connecticut_River_Valley
mw-redirect
Connecticut River Valley

values:
/wiki/James_I_of_England
mw-redirect
James I of England

values: Edit section: Plymouth Council for New England

values: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

values:
/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)
mw-redirect
Roger Williams (theologian)

values:
/wiki/Father_Rale%27s_War
mw-redirect
Father Rale's War

values:
/wiki/Puritan_work_ethic
mw-redirect
Puritan work ethic

values:
/wiki/East_New_Jersey
mw-redirect
East New Jersey

values:
/wiki/West_New_Jersey
mw-redirect
West New Jersey

values:
/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Andros
mw-redirect
Sir Edmund Andros

values:
/wiki/War_of_American_Independence
mw-redirect
War of American Independence

values: Edit section: New England in the new nation

values: Edit section: Post-Revolutionary New England

values:
/wiki/Industrial_revolution
mw-redirect
Industrial revolution

values:
/wiki/Slater_Mill
mw-redirect
Slater Mill

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/French_American
mw-redirect
French American

values:
/wiki/Western_Reserve
mw-redirect
Western Reserve

values: History of the Republican Party (United States)

values:
/wiki/Blue_wall_(electoral_college)
mw-redirect
Blue wall (electoral college)

values: Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts

values:
/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Boston, Massachusetts

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Connecticut
mw-redirect
Geography of Connecticut

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Maine
mw-redirect
Geography of Maine

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_New_Hampshire
mw-redirect
Geography of New Hampshire

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Rhode_Island
mw-redirect
Geography of Rhode Island

values:
/wiki/Geography_of_Vermont
mw-redirect
Geography of Vermont

values: List of U.S. states and territories by area

values:
/wiki/Glacial_landforms
mw-redirect
Glacial landforms

values:
/wiki/Humid_continental
mw-redirect
Humid continental

values:
/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American
mw-redirect
Hispanic and Latino American

values:
/wiki/European_American
mw-redirect
European American

values:
/wiki/Dominican_American
mw-redirect
Dominican American

values:
/wiki/Mexican_American
mw-redirect
Mexican American

values:
/wiki/Guatemalan_American
mw-redirect
Guatemalan American

values:
/wiki/Cuban_American
mw-redirect
Cuban American

values:
/wiki/Salvadoran_American
mw-redirect
Salvadoran American

values:
/wiki/Colombian_American
mw-redirect
Colombian American

values:
/wiki/Bolivian_American
mw-redirect
Bolivian American

values:
/wiki/Irish_American
mw-redirect
Irish American

values:
/wiki/Italian_American
mw-redirect
Italian American

values:
/wiki/French_Canadian
mw-redirect
French Canadian

values:
/wiki/English_American
mw-redirect
English American

values:
/wiki/German_American
mw-redirect
German American

values:
/wiki/Polish_American
mw-redirect
Polish American

values:
/wiki/Portuguese_American
mw-redirect
Portuguese American

values:
/wiki/Scottish_American
mw-redirect
Scottish American

values:
/wiki/Russian_American
mw-redirect
Russian American

values:
/wiki/Greek_American
mw-redirect
Greek American

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)

values:
/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)
mw-redirect
Megalopolis (city type)

values: List of U.S. states by population density

values:
/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area
mw-redirect
Combined Statistical Area

values: List of cities by population in New England

values:
/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce
mw-redirect
U.S. Department of Commerce

values:
/wiki/Turners_Falls
mw-redirect
Turners Falls

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Government_of_Maine
mw-redirect
Government of Maine

values:
/wiki/Government_of_Connecticut
mw-redirect
Government of Connecticut

values:
/wiki/New_England_town_meeting
mw-redirect
New England town meeting

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;

values: vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;

values: margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;

values:
/wiki/Federalist_Papers
mw-redirect
Federalist Papers

values: United States presidential election, 2000

values:
/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2008
mw-redirect
U.S. presidential election, 2008

values:
/wiki/Piscataquis_County
mw-redirect
Piscataquis County

values: United States presidential election, 2016

values: United States presidential election, 2012

values: United States presidential election, 2008

values: United States presidential election, 2004

values: United States presidential election, 1996

values: United States presidential election, 1992

values: United States presidential election, 1988

values: United States presidential election, 1984

values: United States presidential election, 1980

values: United States presidential election, 1976

values: United States presidential election, 1972

values: United States presidential election, 1968

values: United States presidential election, 1964

values: United States presidential election, 1960

values: United States presidential election, 1956

values: United States presidential election, 1952

values: United States presidential election, 1948

values: United States presidential election, 1944

values: United States presidential election, 1940

values: United States presidential election, 1936

values: United States presidential election, 1932

values: United States presidential election, 1928

values: United States presidential election, 1924

values: United States presidential election, 1920

values: United States presidential election, 1916

values: United States presidential election, 1912

values: United States presidential election, 1908

values: United States presidential election, 1904

values: United States presidential election, 1900

values:
/wiki/Charlie_Baker_(politician)
mw-redirect
Charlie Baker (politician)

values:
/wiki/Jack_Reed_(politician)
mw-redirect
Jack Reed (politician)

values:
/wiki/United_States_of_America
mw-redirect
United States of America

values:
/wiki/Public_Ivies
mw-redirect
Public Ivies

values:
/wiki/Five_Colleges_(Massachusetts)
mw-redirect
Five Colleges (Massachusetts)

values: List of colleges and universities in Connecticut

values: List of colleges and universities in Maine

values: List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts

values: List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire

values: List of colleges and universities in Rhode Island

values: List of colleges and universities in Vermont

values: Edit section: Private and independent secondary schools

values: Category:Private schools in Massachusetts

values: Category:Private schools in New Hampshire

values: Category:Private schools in Rhode Island

values:
/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind
mw-redirect
No Child Left Behind

values: Edit section: Academic journals and press

values:
/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)
mw-redirect
Open access (publishing)

values: American Religious Identification Survey

values:
/wiki/New_England_cuisine
mw-redirect
New England cuisine

values:
/wiki/Ethnic_diversity
mw-redirect
Ethnic diversity

values:
/wiki/Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents
mw-redirect
Rhotic and non-rhotic accents

values:
/wiki/Franklin_County_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Franklin County (disambiguation)

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values: Edit section: Social activities and music

values:
/wiki/Contra_dancing
mw-redirect
Contra dancing

values:
/wiki/Square_dancing
mw-redirect
Square dancing

values:
/wiki/Traditional_Rug_Hooking
mw-redirect
Traditional Rug Hooking

values:
/wiki/Musical_modernism
mw-redirect
Musical modernism

values:
/wiki/New_England_Conservatory
mw-redirect
New England Conservatory

values:
/wiki/Comcast_SportsNet_New_England
mw-redirect
Comcast SportsNet New England

values:
/wiki/Harvard_Lampoon
mw-redirect
Harvard Lampoon

values:
/wiki/Parks_and_Recreation_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
Parks and Recreation (TV series)

values:
/wiki/Boston_Globe
mw-redirect
Boston Globe

values:
/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin
mw-redirect
Houghton Mifflin

values:
/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly
mw-redirect
The Atlantic Monthly

values:
/wiki/Yankee_Magazine
mw-redirect
Yankee Magazine

values:
/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft
mw-redirect
H.P. Lovecraft

values: Edit section: Film, television, and acting

values:
/wiki/Motion_picture
mw-redirect
Motion picture

values:
/wiki/The_House_of_Seven_Gables
mw-redirect
The House of Seven Gables

values:
/wiki/American_Championship_Car_Racing
mw-redirect
American Championship Car Racing

values:
/wiki/New_England_300
mw-redirect
New England 300

values:
/wiki/New_England_Indy_200
mw-redirect
New England Indy 200

values:
/wiki/New_England_Grand_Prix
mw-redirect
New England Grand Prix

values: Edit section: Professional and semi-professional sports teams

values:
/wiki/Springfield_Armor
mw-redirect
Springfield Armor

values:
/wiki/Barre,_Vermont_(city)
mw-redirect
Barre, Vermont (city)

values: Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

values:
/wiki/Bus_service
mw-redirect
Bus service

values: Connecticut Department of Transportation

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Yankee

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://colonialwarsct.org/1675.htm

values:
/wiki/Microsoft_Encarta
mw-redirect
Microsoft Encarta

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nps.gov/spar/index.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/britishisles

values:
/wiki/Burlington_Free_Press
mw-redirect
Burlington Free Press

values:
nofollow
http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.masscandlepin.com/id14.html

values:
nofollow
http://www.boston.com/news/necn/About/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.volleyball.org/history.html

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values:
nofollow
http://www.coneg.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.historicnewengland.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nps.gov/mima/index.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://docs.unh.edu/nhtopos/nhtopos.htm

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: alt src title width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Template talk:Regions of Africa (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Nile_Valley
mw-redirect
Nile Valley

values: Southern Rift Valley (page does not exist)

values: List of countries where Arabic is an official language

values: Template talk:Regions of North America (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Vancouver_island
mw-redirect
Vancouver island

values: List of belt regions of the United States

values: Latin America and the Caribbean (region)

values: Template talk:Regions of South America (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Northern_South_America
mw-redirect
Northern South America

values: Template talk:Regions of Asia (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Asian_Steppe
mw-redirect
Asian Steppe

values:
/wiki/Inner_Manchuria
mw-redirect
Inner Manchuria

values:
/wiki/Pirate_Coast
mw-redirect
Pirate Coast

values:
/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia
mw-redirect
Lower Mesopotamia

values: Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests

values: Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows

values:
/wiki/Indonesian_Archipelago
mw-redirect
Indonesian Archipelago

values:
/wiki/Philippine_Archipelago
mw-redirect
Philippine Archipelago

values: Template talk:Regions of Europe (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Mangareva_Islands
mw-redirect
Mangareva Islands

values:
/wiki/Polar_regions
mw-redirect
Polar regions

values:
/wiki/Antarctic_ecozone
mw-redirect
Antarctic ecozone

values: List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands

values:
/wiki/Extreme_North
mw-redirect
Extreme North

values:
/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra
mw-redirect
Gulf of Sidra

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Interstate_84_(east)
mw-redirect
Interstate 84 (east)

values:
/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Interstate 90 in Massachusetts

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template talk:Regions of the United States

values: Political divisions of the United States

values:
/wiki/District_of_Columbia
mw-redirect
District of Columbia

values: United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

values:
/wiki/Superior_Upland
mw-redirect
Superior Upland

values:
/wiki/Slave_and_free_states
mw-redirect
Slave and free states

values: Pacific Coast Theater of the American Civil War

values: Western Theater of the American Civil War

values: Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War

values: Lower Seaboard Theater of the American Civil War

values: Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

values: International border states of the United States

values:
/wiki/Intermountain_states
mw-redirect
Intermountain states

values: Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution

values: Territorial evolution of the United States

values: African-American Civil Rights Movement (1865–95)

values: African-American Civil Rights Movement (1896–1954)

values: History of the United States (1865–1918)

values: Military history of the United States during World War II

values: United States home front during World War II

values:
/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement
mw-redirect
Civil Rights Movement

values: History of the United States (1991–2008)

values: History of the United States (2008–present)

values: Demographic history of the United States

values: Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)

values: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)

values: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91)

values: Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991)

values: Postage stamps and postal history of the United States

values: Technological and industrial history of the United States

values: Lists of populated places in the United States

values: List of earthquakes in the United States

values: List of mountain peaks of the United States

values: List of areas in the United States National Park System

values: Water supply and sanitation in the United States

values:
/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President
mw-redirect
Executive Office of the President

values: United States federal executive departments

values: Independent agencies of the United States government

values: Federal law enforcement in the United States

values: President pro tempore of the United States Senate

values: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

values: Separation of powers under the United States Constitution

values: United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps

values: List of states and territories of the United States

values: List of vetos exercised by the US government in the UN Security Council

values: Political ideologies in the United States

values: List of federal political scandals in the United States

values: List of companies of the United States by state

values: Educational attainment in the United States

values: Professional and working class conflict in the United States

values: Criticism of the United States government

values: Federal drug policy of the United States

values: Environmental movement in the United States

values:
/wiki/Smoking_in_the_United_States
mw-redirect
Smoking in the United States

values: Illegal immigration to the United States

values: International rankings of the United States

values: Separation of church and state in the United States

values:
/wiki/Book:United_States
mw-redirect
Book:United States

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/236811278

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075306-2

values: Category:English colonization of the Americas

values: Category:Census regions of the United States

values: Category:Military history of New England

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles with Spanish-language external links

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/New_England
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: نيو إنجلاند – Arabic

values: Новая Англія – Belarusian

values: Новая Ангельшчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Нова Англия – Bulgarian

values: Çĕнĕ Англи – Chuvash

values: Νέα Αγγλία – Greek

values: نیو انگلند – Persian

values: 뉴잉글랜드 – Korean

values: न्यू इंग्लैंड – Hindi

values: ניו אינגלנד – Hebrew

values: ახალი ინგლისი – Georgian

values: Жаңа Англия – Kazakh

values: Nui Ingeland (Vereinegde Staote vaan Amerika) – Limburgish

values: Нова Англија – Macedonian

values: न्यू इंग्लंड – Marathi

values: ニューイングランド – Japanese

values: ਨਿਊ ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi

values: Новая Англия – Russian

values: Нова Енглеска – Serbian

values: நியூ இங்கிலாந்து – Tamil

values: న్యూ ఇంగ్లండ్ – Telugu

values: นิวอิงแลนด์ – Thai

values: Нова Англія – Ukrainian

values: نیو انگلینڈ – Urdu

values: ניו ענגלאנד – Yiddish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-New_England rootpage-New_England skin-vector action-view