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Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
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This article is about a famous phrase. For other uses, see The Pursuit of Happiness.
Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information war poster 1941–1945
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" is a well-known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence.[1] The phrase gives three examples of the "unalienable rights" which the Declaration says have been given to all human beings by their Creator, and which governments are created to protect.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin and phrasing
1.1 Meaning of "happiness"
1.2 Lockean roots hypothesis
1.3 Virginia Declaration of Rights
1.4 Alternative hypotheses
2 Comparable mottos worldwide
3 References
Origin and phrasing[edit]
The United States Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson, and then edited by the Committee of Five, which consisted of Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. It was then further edited and adopted by the Committee of the Whole of the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.[2][3] The second paragraph of the first article in the Declaration of Independence contains the phrase "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness".
Jefferson's "original Rough draught" is on exhibit in the Library of Congress.[4] This version was used by Julian Boyd to create a transcript of Jefferson's draft,[5] which reads:
We hold these truths to be sacred & undeniable; that all men are created equal & independent, that from that equal creation they derive rights inherent & inalienable, among which are the preservation of life, & liberty, & the pursuit of happiness; ...
The Committee of Five edited Jefferson's draft. Their version survived further edits by the whole Congress intact, and reads:[6]
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. ——
A number of possible sources or inspirations for Jefferson's use of the phrase in the Declaration of Independence have been identified, although scholars debate the extent to which any one of them actually influenced Jefferson. Jefferson declared himself an Epicurean during his lifetime: this is a philosophical doctrine that teaches the pursuit of happiness and proposes autarchy, which translates as self-rule, self-sufficiency or freedom. The greatest disagreement comes between those who suggest the phrase was drawn from John Locke and those who identify some other source.[citation needed]
Meaning of "happiness"[edit]
There is debate about what the word "happiness" may have meant in 1776. Current usage focuses on pleasant, positive emotions and having needs satisfied,[7][8] whereas in 1776 the common meaning may have been "prosperity, thriving, wellbeing".[9][10]
Lockean roots hypothesis[edit]
In 1689, Locke argued in his Two Treatises of Government that political society existed for the sake of protecting "property", which he defined as a person's "life, liberty, and estate".[11] In A Letter Concerning Toleration, he wrote that the magistrate's power was limited to preserving a person's "civil interest", which he described as "life, liberty, health, and indolency of body; and the possession of outward things".[12] He declared in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding that "the highest perfection of intellectual nature lies in a careful and constant pursuit of true and solid happiness".[13]
According to those scholars who saw the root of Jefferson's thought in Locke's doctrine, Jefferson replaced "estate" with "the pursuit of happiness", although this does not mean that Jefferson meant the "pursuit of happiness" to refer primarily or exclusively to property. Under such an assumption, the Declaration of Independence would declare that government existed primarily for the reasons Locke gave, and some have extended that line of thinking to support a conception of limited government.[14][15][16][17][18]
Virginia Declaration of Rights[edit]
The first and second article of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, written by George Mason and adopted unanimously by the Virginia Convention of Delegates on June 12, 1776, speaks of happiness in the context of recognizably Lockean rights and is paradigmatic of the way in which "the fundamental natural rights of mankind" were expressed at the time.[19][20]
That all men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.
—  Virginia Declaration of Rights[21]
Benjamin Franklin was in agreement with Thomas Jefferson in downplaying protection of "property" as a goal of government. It is noted that Franklin found property to be a "creature of society" and thus, he believed that it should be taxed as a way to finance civil society.[22]
Alternative hypotheses[edit]
In 1628, Sir Edward Coke wrote in The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England, his commentary on Thomas de Littleton, that "It is commonly said that three things be favoured in Law, Life, Liberty, Dower."[23] At common law, dower was closely guarded as a means by which the widow and orphan of a deceased landowner could keep their real property.[24]
Garry Wills has argued that Jefferson did not take the phrase from Locke and that it was indeed meant to be a standard by which governments should be judged.[25] Wills suggests Adam Ferguson as a good guide to what Jefferson had in mind:
If, in reality, courage and a heart devoted to the good of mankind are the constituents of human felicity, the kindness which is done infers a happiness in the person from whom it proceeds, not in him on whom it is bestowed; and the greatest good which men possessed of fortitude and generosity can procure to their fellow creatures is a participation of this happy character. If this be the good of the individual, it is likewise that of mankind; and virtue no longer imposes a task by which we are obliged to bestow upon others that good from which we ourselves refrain; but supposes, in the highest degree, as possessed by ourselves, that state of felicity which we are required to promote in the world.
—  Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society[26]
The 17th-century cleric and philosopher Richard Cumberland wrote that promoting the well-being of our fellow humans is essential to the "pursuit of our own happiness".[27] Locke never associated natural rights with happiness, but his philosophical opponent Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz made such an association in the introduction to his Codex Iuris Gentium.[28] William Wollaston's The Religion of Nature Delineated describes the "truest definition" of "natural religion" as being "The pursuit of happiness by the practice of reason and truth".[29] An English translation of Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui's Principles of Natural and Politic Law prepared in 1763 extolled the "noble pursuit" of "true and solid happiness" in the opening chapter discussing natural rights.[30] Historian Jack Rakove posits Burlamaqui as the inspiration for Jefferson's phrase.[31]
Comparable mottos worldwide[edit]
Other tripartite mottos include "liberté, égalité, fraternité" (liberty, equality, fraternity) in France; "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" (unity, justice and liberty) in Germany and "peace, order, and good government" in Canada.[32] It is also similar to a line in the Canadian Charter of Rights: "life, liberty, security of the person" (this line was also in the older Canadian Bill of rights, which added "enjoyment of property" to the list).
The phrase can also be found in Chapter III, Article 13 of the 1947 Constitution of Japan, and in President Ho Chi Minh's 1945 declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. An alternative phrase "life, liberty, and property", is found in the Declaration of Colonial Rights, a resolution of the First Continental Congress. The Fifth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declare that governments cannot deprive any person of "life, liberty, or property" without due process of law. Also, Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights reads, "Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Declaration of Independence: Rough Draft". USHistory.org. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014. Scanned image of the Jefferson's "original Rough draught" of the Declaration of Independence, written in June 1776, including all the changes made later by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and other members of the committee, and by Congress.
Jump up ^ Rakove, Jack N. (2009). The Annotated U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 7–22. ISBN 0674036069.
Jump up ^ Dube, Ann Marie (May 1996). "The Declaration of Independence". A Multitude of Amendments, Alterations and Additions. Pennsylvania: U.S. National Park Service. OCLC 44638441.
Jump up ^ "We Hold These Truths To Be Self Evident...". U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Boyd, Julian P., ed. (1950). The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Volume 1: 1760–1776. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 243–47. OCLC 16353926.
Jump up ^ "Declaration of Independence". U.S. National Archives. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Khoddam, Rubin (June 16, 2015). "What's Your Definition of Happiness?". Psychology Today. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Scott Barry (January 30, 2016). "The Differences between Happiness and Meaning in Life". Scientific American. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fountain, Ben (September 17, 2016). "Two American Dreams: how a dumbed-down nation lost sight of a great idea". The Guardian. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Shannon, Timothy J. (July 4, 2016). "What About That Pursuit of Happiness?". Philly.com via Gettysburg College. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Locke, John (1988) [1689]. Laslett, Peter, ed. Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. Sec. 87, 123, 209, 222. ISBN 052135448X.
Jump up ^ Locke, John (1983) [1689]. Tully, James H., ed. A Letter Concerning Toleration. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing. p. 26. ISBN 091514560X.
Jump up ^ Locke, John (1975) [1689]. Nidditch, Peter H., ed. Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. Book 2, Chapter 21, Section 51. ISBN 0198245955.
Jump up ^ Zuckert, Michael P. (1996). The Natural Rights Republic. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 73–85. ISBN 0268014809.
Jump up ^ Corbett, Ross J. (2009). The Lockean Commonwealth. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 1438427948.
Jump up ^ Pangle, Thomas L. (1988). The Spirit of Modern Republicanism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226645401.
Jump up ^ Gibson, Alan (2009). Interpreting the Founding (2nd ed.). Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700617051.
Jump up ^ Rahe, Paul A. (1994) [1992]. Republics Ancient & Modern, Volume 3; Inventions of Prudence: Constituting the American Regime. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 13–19. ISBN 080784473X.
Jump up ^ Rakove, Jack N. (2009). The Annotated U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 78. ISBN 0674036069.
Jump up ^ Banning, Lance (1995). Jefferson & Madison. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 17, 103–04. ISBN 0945612486. Lance Banning notes that the Virginia Declaration of Rights was the inspiration for the phrase in the Declaration of Independence, but does not trace it back to Locke, and in general downplays Jefferson's debts to Locke.
Jump up ^ "The Virginia Declaration of Rights". U.S. National Archives. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Franklin, Benjamin (2006). Skousen, Mark, ed. The Compleated Autobiography. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. p. 413. ISBN 0-89526-033-6.
Jump up ^ Coke, Edward (1628). The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. London: Adam Islip. Section 193. OCLC 84760833.
Jump up ^ Whitehead, Edward Jenkins (1922). The Law of Real Property in Illinois. 1. Chicago: Burdette J. Smith & Company. p. 178. OCLC 60731472.
Jump up ^ Wills, Gary (2002) [1978]. Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence. New York, NY: Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0-618-25776-8.
Jump up ^ Ferguson, Adam (1995) [1767]. Oz-Salzberger, Fania, ed. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–100. ISBN 052144215X.
Jump up ^ Cumberland, Richard (2005) [1727]. A Treatise of the Laws of Nature. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund. pp. 523–24. ISBN 0865974721.
Jump up ^ Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1988). Riley, Patrick, ed. Leibniz: Political Writings (2nd ed.). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 0521353807.
Jump up ^ Wollaston, William (1759) [1722]. The Religion of Nature Delineated (8th ed.). London: Samuel Palmer. p. 90. OCLC 2200588.
Jump up ^ Burlamaqui, Jean-Jacques (2006) [1747]. The Principles of Natural and Politic Law. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund. p. 31. ISBN 0865974969.
Jump up ^ Rakove, Jack N. (2010). Revolutionaries: A New History of the Invention of America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 300. ISBN 0618267468. ...arguably owed more to Jefferson's reading of the Swiss jurist Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui than it did to his manifest debt to John Locke.
Jump up ^ Dyck, Perry Rand (2000). Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches (3rd ed.). Scarborough, ON: Nelson Thomson Learning. ISBN 978-0-17-616792-9.
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text:
L-O-V-E
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the album, see L-O-V-E (album). For other uses, see Love (disambiguation).
"L-O-V-E"
Single by Nat King Cole
from the album L-O-V-E
A-side
"I Don't Want to See Tomorrow"
Released
September 1964
Format
7" single
Genre
Jazz
swing
soul
Length
2:30
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Bert Kaempfert
Milt Gabler
Producer(s)
Lee Gillette
"L-O-V-E"
Single by Joss Stone
Released
September 18, 2007 (2007-09-18)
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2007
Genre
Jazz
Length
2:48
Label
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Bert Kaempfert
Milt Gabler
Producer(s)
Raphael Saadiq
Joss Stone singles chronology
"Tell Me What We're Gonna Do Now"
(2007) "L-O-V-E"
(2007) "Baby Baby Baby"
(2007)
"Tell Me What We're Gonna Do Now"
(2007) "L-O-V-E"
(2007) "Baby Baby Baby"
(2007)
"L-O-V-E" is a song recorded by Nat King Cole for his studio album L-O-V-E (1965). It was composed by Bert Kaempfert with lyrics by Milt Gabler, and produced by Lee Gillette. The trumpet solo was performed by Bobby Bryant.[1] The song had previously appeared an instrumental track on Kaempfert's album Blue Midnight (1964).
For international versions of the L-O-V-E album, Nat King Cole also recorded versions of "L-O-V-E" and other songs, in Japanese (mixed with English words),[2] Italian,[3] German,[4] Spanish [5] and French.[6] In this last language, the song was renamed "Je Ne Repartirai Pas" and translated by Jean Delleme.
Contents
[hide]
1 Joss Stone version
2 Other cover versions
3 Charts
4 References
5 External links
Joss Stone version[edit]
English singer Joss Stone recorded a cover of "L-O-V-E" for the soundtrack to a short film for Chanel's Coco Mademoiselle fragrance, starring Keira Knightley and directed by Joe Wright, which debuted on September 24, 2007 on E!, Bravo, and VH1.[7]
Stone's version was released digitally on September 18, 2007,[8] reaching number 100 on the UK Singles Chart and number 75 on the Swiss Singles Chart.[9][10] It was also later included as a bonus track on the deluxe version of her third studio album Introducing Joss Stone as well as her compilation album The Best of Joss Stone 2003-2009 (2011).
Stone performed a duet of the song with Natalie Cole at Frosted Pink, a benefit concert to raise awareness of women's cancer, which took place at the Barker Hangar in Santa Monica, California on October 6, 2007 and aired on ABC on October 14.[11][12]
Other cover versions[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The song has been covered by several artists, including Dionne Warwick on The Windows of the World (1967),[13] Cole's daughter Natalie Cole on Unforgettable... with Love (1991),[14] and Michael Bublé on the special edition of Call Me Irresponsible (2007).[15] Dean Martin's daughter, Deana Martin recorded "L-O-V-E" on her second studio album, Volare (2009).
The song was covered on the musical comedy Glee in the season 3 Valentine's Day special episode "Heart". The characters Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) and Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.) performed both the vocals and dance routine as a duet.
Canadian jazz pianist and singer Diana Krall included the song in her 2017 studio album Turn Up the Quiet.[16]
Damian McGinty, a member of the Irish stage production Celtic Thunder, covered the song for their most recent CD/DVD set Celtic Thunder X.
Charts[edit]
Nat King Cole version
Chart (1964)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[17]
81
Chart (2014)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[18]
111
Joss Stone version
Chart (2007)
Peak
position
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[10]
75
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[9]
100
References[edit]
Jump up ^ L-O-V-E (LP liner notes). Nat King Cole. Capitol Records. 1965. ST 2195.
Jump up ^ "Nat King Cole - Love (Sung In Japanese) / Kareha (Autumn Leaves) - Capitol - USA - 5330". 45worlds.com. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nat King Cole - Love (Sung In Italian) / Tu Sei Cosi Amabile - Capitol - USA - 5331". 45worlds.com. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nat King Cole - Love (Sung In German) / Muetterlein (Answer Me, My Love) - Capitol - USA - 5332". Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nat King Cole - Love (Sung In Spanish) / Tu Eres Tan Amable - Capitol - USA - 5333:". 45worlds.com. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nat King Cole - Nat King Cole Chante En Français - Capitol - France". 45worlds.com. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Joss Stone – Coco Mademoiselle". jossstone.com. September 26, 2007. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "L-O-V-E: MP3 Downloads: Joss Stone". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Joss Stone". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Swisscharts.com – Joss Stone – L-O-V-E". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shawn Johnson presenter at Frosted Pink airing October 14th". Stanton & Company. October 13, 2007. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Singers Joss Stone (L) and Natalie Cole perform at the Frosted Pink Presented By sanofi-aventis and Wachovia Putting Women's Cancer on Ice at the Barker Hangar on October 6, 2007 in Santa Monica, California". Getty Images. October 6, 2007. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Planer, Lindsay. "The Windows of the World – Dionne Warwick". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Unforgettable: With Love – Natalie Cole". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Call Me Irresponsible: Special Edition – Michael Bublé". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Turn Up the Quiet – Diana Krall". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
Jump up ^ "Nat King Cole Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ ""King"+Cole&titel=L-O-V-E&cat=s Lescharts.com – Nat "King" Cole – L-O-V-E" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
v
t
e
Joss Stone
Discography
Studio albums
The Soul Sessions
Mind Body & Soul
Introducing Joss Stone
Colour Me Free!
LP1
The Soul Sessions Vol. 2
Water for Your Soul
Compilation albums
The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009
Video albums
Mind Body & Soul Sessions: Live in New York City
Other albums
SuperHeavy
Singles
"Fell in Love with a Boy"
"Super Duper Love"
"You Had Me"
"Right to Be Wrong"
"Spoiled"
"Cry Baby/Piece of My Heart"
"Don't Cha Wanna Ride"
"Tell Me 'bout It"
"Tell Me What We're Gonna Do Now"
"L-O-V-E"
"Baby Baby Baby"
"Free Me"
"While You're Out Looking for Sugar"
"Pillow Talk"
"Teardrops"
"No Man's Land (Green Fields of France)"
Featured singles
"Cry Baby Cry"
"Sing"
"I Put a Spell on You
"The Best Thing About Me Is You"
Other songs
"Stalemate"
Related articles
Tours
SuperHeavy
Stone'd Records
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L-O-V-E&oldid=842865766"
Categories:
1964 singles
1964 songs
2007 singles
Capitol Records singles
Dionne Warwick songs
Joss Stone songs
Michael Bublé songs
Nat King Cole songs
Natalie Cole songs
Song recordings produced by Raphael Saadiq
Songs with lyrics by Milt Gabler
Songs with music by Bert Kaempfert
Hidden categories:
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text:
Deviled egg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Deviled egg
A plate of deviled eggs
Alternative names
stuffed eggs, Russian eggs, dressed eggs
Course
Hors d'oeuvre
Place of origin
Italy
Region or state
Rome
Serving temperature
Cold
Main ingredients
Eggs, mayonnaise, mustard
Variations
Multiple
Food energy
(per serving)
200 kcal (837 kJ)
Cookbook: Deviled egg Media: Deviled egg
Deviled eggs (US) or devilled eggs (UK), also known as stuffed eggs, Russian eggs, or dressed eggs, are hard-boiled eggs that have been shelled, cut in half, and filled with a paste made from the egg yolks mixed with other ingredients such as mayonnaise and mustard.[1] They are generally served cold as a side dish, appetizer or a main course, often for holidays or parties. The dish's origin can be seen in recipes for boiled, seasoned eggs as far back as ancient Rome, where they were traditionally served as a first course.[2][3] The dish is popular across Europe and in North America.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Preparation and ingredients
3 In different countries
4 See also
5 References
Etymology[edit]
The term "deviled", in reference to food, was in use in the 18th century, with the first known print reference appearing in 1786.[4] In the 19th century, it came to be used most often with spicy or zesty food, including eggs prepared with mustard, pepper or other ingredients stuffed in the yolk cavity.
In parts of the Southern and Midwestern United States, the terms "stuffed eggs", "salad eggs", and "dressed eggs" are used instead. The term "angel eggs" has also been used in association with fillings with less fat and cholesterol.[5]
Preparation and ingredients[edit]
Play media
Video demonstration preparing deviled eggs
Deviled egg plate
Cooled hard-boiled eggs are peeled and halved lengthwise, and the yolks are removed. The yolks are then mashed and mixed with a variety of other ingredients, such as mayonnaise and mustard.[6] Tartar sauce or Worcestershire sauce are also sometimes used. Other common flavorings include: diced pickle or pickle relish, salt, ground black pepper, powdered cayenne pepper or chipotle chilies, turmeric, vinegar, ketchup, green olives, pimentos, poppyseed, thyme, cilantro, minced onion, pickle brine, caviar, cream, capers, and sour cream. Contemporary versions of deviled eggs tend to include a wider range of seasonings and added ingredients, such as garlic, horseradish, wasabi, sliced jalapeños, cheese, chutney, capers, salsa, hot sauce, ham, mushrooms, spinach, sour cream, caviar, shrimp, smoked salmon or other seafood, and sardines.
The yolk mixture is then scooped into each egg "cup" made from the firm egg whites. Old Bay, paprika, curry powder, cayenne, chives, or dill may be sprinkled on top as a garnish. The finished eggs may be further decorated with caviar, anchovy, bacon, shrimp, or herring.
In different countries[edit]
In France, the dish is called œuf mimosa ("mimosa egg", named after the appearance of the mimosa tree[7]); in Hungary, töltött tojás ("stuffed egg") or kaszinótojás ("casino egg"); in Romania, ouă umplute ("stuffed eggs"); in the Netherlands gevuld ei ("stuffed egg"); in Sweden fyllda ägg ("stuffed eggs"); on the island of Malta bajd mimli ("stuffed eggs"). In parts of South America, it is called huevos a la peruana ("Peruvian eggs").[8]
In many European countries, especially Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Germany, a variation is served known as "Russian eggs". This consists of eggs cut in half, served with vegetable macédoine and garnished with mayonnaise, parsley and tomato.[9] Contrary to what the name might suggest, the dish does not originate in Russia; its name derives from the fact that the eggs are served on a bed of macédoine, which is sometimes called "Russian salad".
In Sweden, the deviled egg (Fyllda Ägghalvor) is a traditional dish for the Easter Smörgåsbord, where the yolk is mixed with caviar, cream or sour cream, optionally chopped red onion, and decorated with chopped chives or dill, perhaps with a piece of anchovy or pickled herring. In French cuisine, the other ingredients are most likely to be pepper and parsley. In Hungarian cuisine, the yolks are mashed and mixed with white bread soaked in milk, mustard and parsley, often served as an appetizer with mayonnaise, or as a main course baked in the oven with Hungarian sour cream topping and served with French fries. Other common flavorings of the yolks in German cuisine are anchovy, cheese and caper.
Deviled eggs are a common dish in the United States. In the Midwestern and Southern U.S., they are commonly served as hors d'oeuvres before a full meal is served, often during the Christmas season.[citation needed] Deviled eggs are so popular in the United States that special trays are sold specifically for serving them. Prepared and packaged deviled eggs are now available in some U.S. supermarkets. While deviled eggs are sometimes sprinkled with Old Bay seasoning on the east coast, paprika is more commonly used in the south. Deviled eggs are commonly served at Derby parties in Kentucky.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Food portal
Egg salad
Mimosa salad
List of egg dishes
List of hors d'oeuvre
List of stuffed dishes
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deviled eggs.
Jump up ^ Robert A. Palmatier, "Food: a dictionary of literal & nonliteral terms" Westport: Greenwood Press, 2000. p. 96
Jump up ^ Rebecca Katz (26 February 2013). The Longevity Kitchen: Satisfying, Big-Flavor Recipes Featuring the Top 16 Age-Busting Power Foods. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 173–. ISBN 978-1-60774-294-4. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Ancient History of Deviled Eggs". Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ The Straight Dope: What's up with "deviled" eggs, ham, etc.? October 12, 2004.
Jump up ^ Collins, Richard, MD, FACC (2013-03-29). "Angel Eggs Not Deviled Eggs". The Cooking Cardiologist. Archived from the original on 2014-07-26. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
Jump up ^ The Art of Making Devilled Eggs (2008-08-08)
Jump up ^ "Oeufs mimosa". The Everyday French Chef. 2017-04-13. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Huevos a la peruana con ensalada de tomates - Nova.cl - Toallas de Papel y Servilletas. Recetas de cocina y Menú Semanal". Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oeufs à la russe – Les recettes de François". France 3 (in French). Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
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