text:
History of mental disorders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior
1.1 Supernatural tradition
1.2 Biological tradition
1.3 Psychological tradition
2 Ancient period
2.1 Mesopotamia
2.2 Egypt
2.3 India
2.4 China
2.5 Greece and Rome
2.6 Israel and the Hebrew diaspora
3 Middle ages
3.1 Persia, Arabia and the Muslim empire
3.2 Christian Europe
4 Modern period
4.1 16th to 18th centuries
4.2 19th century
4.3 20th century
4.4 21st century
5 History of mental health treatment
5.1 Trephination
5.2 Bloodletting and purging
5.3 Isolation and asylums
5.4 Insulin coma therapy
5.5 Lobotomy
6 See also
7 Notes and references
8 Further reading
Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior[edit]
For thousands of years, humans have tried to explain and control problematic behavior. But our efforts always derive from theories or models of behavior popular at the time, and the purpose is to explain 'why someone is like that'. Three major models, namely, supernatural model, biological model and psychological model.[1]
Supernatural tradition[edit]
For much of our recorded history, deviant behavior has been considered a reflection of the battle between good and evil. When confronted with unexplainable, irrational behavior and by suffering and upheaval, people have perceived evil. In fact, in the Great Persian Empire from 900 to 600 B.C., all physical and mental disorders were considered the work of the devil.[2]
Biological tradition[edit]
Physical causes of mental disorders have been sought in history. Important to this tradition are a man, Hippocrates; a disease, syphilis; and the early consequences of believing that psychological disorders are biologically caused.[3]
Psychological tradition[edit]
This was a precursor to modern psychosocial treatment approaches to the causation of psychopathology, with the focus on psychological, social and cultural factors. Well known philosophers like Aristotle, Plato, etc., wrote about the importance of fantasies, dreams, cognitions, and thus anticipated, to some extent, later developments in psychoanalytic thought and cognitive science. They also advocated humane and responsible care for individuals with psychological disturbances.[4]
Ancient period[edit]
Mesopotamia[edit]
Mental illnesses were well known in ancient Mesopotamia,[5] where diseases and mental disorders were believed to be caused by specific deities.[6] Because hands symbolized control over a person, mental illnesses were known as "hands" of certain deities.[6] One psychological illness was known as Qāt Ištar, meaning "Hand of Ishtar".[6] Others were known as "Hand of Shamash", "Hand of the Ghost", and "Hand of the God".[6] Descriptions of these illnesses, however, are so vague that it is usually impossible to determine which illnesses they correspond to in modern terminology.[6] Mesopotamian doctors kept detailed record of their patients' hallucinations and assigned spiritual meanings to them.[5] A patient who hallucinated that he was seeing a dog was predicted to die;[5] whereas, if he saw a gazelle, he would recover.[5] The royal family of Elam was notorious for its members frequently suffering from insanity.[5] Erectile dysfunction was recognized as being rooted in psychological problems.[5]
Egypt[edit]
Limited notes in an ancient Egyptian document known as the Ebers papyrus appear to describe the affected states of concentration, attention, and emotional distress in the heart or mind.[7] Some of these were interpreted later, and renamed as hysteria and melancholy. Somatic treatments included applying bodily fluids while reciting magical spells. Hallucinogens may have been used as a part of the healing rituals. Religious temples may have been used as therapeutic retreats, possibly for the induction of receptive states to facilitate sleep and the interpretation of dreams.[8]
India[edit]
This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (December 2016)
Ancient Hindu scriptures-Ramayana and Mahabharata-contain fictional descriptions of depression and anxiety.[9] Mental disorders were generally thought to reflect abstract metaphysical entities, supernatural agents, sorcery and witchcraft. The Charaka Samhita from circa 600 BC, which is a part of the Hindu Ayurveda ("knowledge of life"), saw ill health as resulting from an imbalance among three the three body fluids or forces called Tri-Dosha. These also affected the personality types among people. Suggested causes included inappropriate diet, disrespect towards the gods, teachers or others, mental shock due to excessive fear or joy, and faulty bodily activity. Treatments included the use of herbs and ointments, charms and prayers, and moral or emotional persuasion.[10]
China[edit]
The earliest known record of mental illness in ancient China dates back to 1100 B.C.[11] Mental disorders were treated mainly under Traditional Chinese Medicine using herbs, acupuncture or "emotional therapy". The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor described symptoms, mechanisms and therapies for mental illness, emphasizing connections between bodily organs and emotions. The ancient Chinese believed that demonic possession played a role in mental illness during this time period. They felt that areas of emotional outbursts such as funeral homes could open up the Wei Chi and allow entities to possess an individual. Trauma was also considered to be something that caused high levels of emotion. Thus, trauma is a possible catalyst for mental illness, due to its ability to allow the Wei Chi open to possession. This explains why the ancient Chinese believed that a mental illness was in reality a demonic possession.[12] According to Chinese thought, five stages or elements comprised the conditions of imbalance between Yin and yang. Mental illness, according to the Chinese perspective is thus considered as an imbalance of the yin and yang because optimum health arises from balance with nature.[13]
China was one of the earliest developed civilizations in which medicine and attention to mental disorders were introduced (Soong, 2006)As in the West, Chinese views of mental disorders regressed to a belief in supernatural forces as causal agents. From the later part of the second century through the early part of the ninth century, ghosts and devils were implicated in “ghostevil” insanity, which presumably resulted from possession by evil spirits. The “Dark Ages” in China, however, were neither so severe (in terms of the treatment of mental patients) nor as long-lasting as in the West. A return to biological, somatic (bodily) views and an emphasis on psychosocial factors occurred in the centuries that followed. Over the past 50 years, China has been experiencing a broadening of ideas in mental health services and has been incorporating many ideas from Western psychiatry (Zhang & Lu, 2006) [14]
Greece and Rome[edit]
Main article: Mental illness in ancient Greece
In ancient Greece and Rome, madness was associated stereotypically with aimless wandering and violence. However, Socrates considered positive aspects including prophesying (a 'manic art'); mystical initiations and rituals; poetic inspiration; and the madness of lovers. Now often seen as the very epitome of rational thought and as the founder of philosophy, Socrates freely admitted to experiencing what are now called "command hallucinations" (then called his 'daemon'). Pythagoras also heard voices.[15] Hippocrates (470–ca. 360 BC) classified mental disorders, including paranoia, epilepsy, mania and melancholia.[16]
Through long contact with Greek culture, and their eventual conquest of Greece, the Romans absorbed many Greek (and other) ideas on medicine.[17] The humoral theory fell out of favor in some quarters. The Greek physician Asclepiades (ca. 124–40 BC), who practiced in Rome, discarded it and advocated humane treatments, and had insane persons freed from confinement and treated them with natural therapy, such as diet and massages. Arateus (ca. AD 30–90) argued that it is hard to pinpoint from where a mental illness comes. However, Galen (AD 129–ca. 200), practicing in Greece and Rome, revived humoral theory.[18] Galen, however, adopted a single symptom approach rather than broad diagnostic categories, for example studying separate states of sadness, excitement, confusion and memory loss.[15]
Playwrights such as Homer, Sophocles and Euripides described madmen driven insane by the gods, imbalanced humors or circumstances. As well as the triad (of which mania was often used as an overarching term for insanity) there were a variable and overlapping range of terms for such things as delusion, eccentricity, frenzy, and lunacy. Physician Celsus argued that insanity is really present when a continuous dementia begins due to the mind being at the mercy of imaginings. He suggested that people must heal their own souls through philosophy and personal strength. He described common practices of dietetics, bloodletting, drugs, talking therapy, incubation in temples, exorcism, incantations and amulets, as well as restraints and "tortures" to restore rationality, including starvation, being terrified suddenly, agitation of the spirit, and stoning and beating. Most, however, did not receive medical treatment but stayed with family or wandered the streets, vulnerable to assault and derision. Accounts of delusions from the time included people who thought themselves to be famous actors or speakers, animals, inanimate objects, or one of the gods. Some were arrested for political reasons, such as Jesus ben Ananias who was eventually released as a madman after showing no concern for his own fate during torture.
Israel and the Hebrew diaspora[edit]
Passages of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament have been interpreted as describing mood disorders in figures such as Job, King Saul and in the Psalms of David.[18] In the Book of Daniel, King Nebuchadnezzar is described as temporarily losing his sanity.[19] Mental disorder was not a problem like any other, caused by one of the gods, but rather caused by problems in the relationship between the individual and God.[citation needed] They believed that abnormal behavior was the result of possessions that represented the wrath and punishment from God. This punishment was seen as a withdrawal of God's protection and the abandonment of the individual to evil forces.[20]
Middle ages[edit]
Persia, Arabia and the Muslim empire[edit]
Persian and Arabic scholars were heavily involved in translating, analyzing and synthesizing Greek texts and concepts. As the Muslim world expanded, Greek concepts were integrated with religious thought and over time, new ideas and concepts were developed. Arab texts from this period contain discussions of melancholia, mania, hallucinations, delusions, and other mental disorders. Mental disorder was generally connected to loss of reason, and writings covered links between the brain and disorders, and spiritual/mystical meaning of disorders.[21] wrote about fear and anxiety, anger and aggression, sadness and depression, and obsessions.
Authors who wrote on mental disorders and/or proposed treatments during this period include Al-Balkhi, Al-Razi, Al-Farabi, Ibn-Sina, Al-Majusi[22] Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Averroes,[23] and Unhammad.[24]
Some thought mental disorder could be caused by possession by a djinn (genie), which could be either good or demon-like. There were sometimes beatings to exorcise the djin, or alternatively over-zealous attempts at cures.[25] Islamic views often merged with local traditions. In Morocco the traditional Berber people were animists and the concept of sorcery was integral to the understanding of mental disorder; it was mixed with the Islamic concepts of djin and often treated by religious scholars combining the roles of holy man, sage, seer and sorcerer.[26]
The first psychiatric hospital ward was founded in Baghdad in 705, and insane asylums were built in Fes in the early 8th century, Cairo in 800 and in Damascus and Aleppo in 1270. Insane patients were treated using baths, drugs, music and activities.[citation needed] In the centuries to come, The Muslim world would eventually serve as a critical way station of knowledge for Renaissance Europe, through the Latin translations of many scientific Islamic texts. Ibn-Sina's (Avicenna's) Canon of Medicine became the standard of medical science in Europe for centuries, together with works of Hippocrates and Galen.[27]
Christian Europe[edit]
Conceptions of madness in the Middle Ages in Europe were a mixture of the divine, diabolical, magical and transcendental. Theories of the four humors (black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood) were applied, sometimes separately (a matter of "physic") and sometimes combined with theories of evil spirits (a matter of "faith"). Arnaldus de Villanova (1235–1313) combined "evil spirit" and Galen-oriented "four humours" theories and promoted trephining as a cure to let demons and excess humours escape. Other bodily remedies in general use included purges, bloodletting and whipping. Madness was often seen as a moral issue, either a punishment for sin or a test of faith and character. Christian theology endorsed various therapies, including fasting and prayer for those estranged from God and exorcism of those possessed by the devil.[28] Thus, although mental disorder was often thought to be due to sin, other more mundane causes were also explored, including intemperate diet and alcohol, overwork, and grief.[29] The Franciscan monk Bartholomeus Anglicus (ca. 1203 – 1272) described a condition which resembles depression in his encyclopedia, De Proprietatibis Rerum, and he suggested that music would help. A semi-official tract called the Praerogativa regis distinguished between the "natural born idiot" and the "lunatic". The latter term was applied to those with periods of mental disorder; deriving from either Roman mythology describing people "moonstruck" by the goddess Luna[30] or theories of an influence of the moon.[31][32]
Episodes of mass dancing mania are reported from the Middle Ages, "which gave to the individuals affected all the appearance of insanity".[33] This was one kind of mass delusion or mass hysteria/panic that has occurred around the world through the millennia.[34]
The care of lunatics was primarily the responsibility of the family. In England, if the family were unable or unwilling, an assessment was made by crown representatives in consultation with a local jury and all interested parties, including the subject himself or herself. The process was confined to those with real estate or personal estate, but it encompassed poor as well as rich and took into account psychological and social issues. Most of those considered lunatics at the time probably had more support and involvement from the community than people diagnosed with mental disorders today.[35] As in other eras, visions were generally interpreted as meaningful spiritual and visionary insights; some may have been causally related to mental disorders, but since hallucinations were culturally supported they may not have had the same connections as today.[36]
Modern period[edit]
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
16th to 18th centuries[edit]
Some mentally disturbed people may have been victims of the witch-hunts that spread in waves in early modern Europe.[37] However, those judged insane were increasingly admitted to local workhouses, poorhouses and jails (particularly the "pauper insane") or sometimes to the new private madhouses.[38] Restraints and forcible confinement were used for those thought dangerously disturbed or potentially violent to themselves, others or property.[28] The latter likely grew out of lodging arrangements for single individuals (who, in workhouses, were considered disruptive or ungovernable) then there were a few catering each for only a handful of people, then they gradually expanded (e.g. 16 in London in 1774, and 40 by 1819). By the mid-19th century there would be 100 to 500 inmates in each. The development of this network of madhouses has been linked to new capitalist social relations and a service economy, that meant families were no longer able or willing to look after disturbed relatives.[39]
Madness was commonly depicted in literary works, such as the plays of Shakespeare.[40][41]
By the end of the 17th century and into the Enlightenment, madness was increasingly seen as an organic physical phenomenon, no longer involving the soul or moral responsibility. The mentally ill were typically viewed as insensitive wild animals. Harsh treatment and restraint in chains was seen as therapeutic, helping suppress the animal passions. There was sometimes a focus on the management of the environment of madhouses, from diet to exercise regimes to number of visitors. Severe somatic treatments were used, similar to those in medieval times.[28] Madhouse owners sometimes boasted of their ability with the whip. Treatment in the few public asylums was also barbaric, often secondary to prisons. The most notorious was Bedlam where at one time spectators could pay a penny to watch the inmates as a form of entertainment.[42][43]
Concepts based in humoral theory gradually gave way to metaphors and terminology from mechanics and other developing physical sciences. Complex new schemes were developed for the classification of mental disorders, influenced by emerging systems for the biological classification of organisms and medical classification of diseases.
The term "crazy" (from Middle English meaning cracked) and insane (from Latin insanus meaning unhealthy) came to mean mental disorder in this period. The term "lunacy", long used to refer to periodic disturbance or epilepsy, came to be synonymous with insanity. "Madness", long in use in root form since at least the early centuries AD, and originally meaning crippled, hurt or foolish, came to mean loss of reason or self-restraint. "Psychosis", from Greek "principle of life/animation", had varied usage referring to a condition of the mind/soul. "Nervous", from an Indo-European root meaning to wind or twist, meant muscle or vigor, was adopted by physiologists to refer to the body's electrochemical signalling process (thus called the nervous system), and was then used to refer to nervous disorders and neurosis. "Obsession", from a Latin root meaning to sit on or sit against, originally meant to besiege or be possessed by an evil spirit, came to mean a fixed idea that could decompose the mind.[44]
With the rise of madhouses and the professionalization and specialization of medicine, there was considerable incentive for medical doctors to become involved. In the 18th century, they began to stake a claim to a monopoly over madhouses and treatments. Madhouses could be a lucrative business, and many made a fortune from them. There were some bourgeois ex-patient reformers who opposed the often brutual regimes, blaming both the madhouse owners and the medics, who in turn resisted the reforms.[39]
Towards the end of the 18th century, a moral treatment movement developed, that implemented more humane, psychosocial and personalized approaches. Notable figures included the medic Vincenzo Chiarugi in Italy under Enlightenment leadership; the ex-patient superintendent Pussin and the psychologically inclined medic Philippe Pinel in revolutionary France; the Quakers in England, led by businessman William Tuke; and later, in the United States, campaigner Dorothea Dix.
19th century[edit]
The 19th century, in the context of industrialization and population growth, saw a massive expansion of the number and size of insane asylums in every Western country, a process called "the great confinement" or the "asylum era". Laws were introduced to compel authorities to deal with those judged insane by family members and hospital superintendents. Although originally based on the concepts and structures of moral treatment, they became large impersonal institutions overburdened with large numbers of people with a complex mix of mental and social-economic problems.[38] The success of moral treatment had cast doubt on the approach of medics, and many had opposed it, but by the mid-19th century many became advocates of it but argued that the mad also often had physical/organic problems, so that both approaches were necessary. This argument has been described as an important step in the profession's eventual success in securing a monopoly on the treatment of lunacy. However, it is well documented that very little therapeutic activity occurred in the new asylum system, that medics were little more than administrators who seldom attended to patients, and then mainly for other physical problems.[39]
Clear descriptions of some syndromes, such as the condition that would later be termed schizophrenia, have been identified as relatively rare prior to the 19th century,[45] although interpretations of the evidence and its implications are inconsistent.[46]
Numerous different classification schemes and diagnostic terms were developed by different authorities, taking an increasingly anatomical-clinical descriptive approach. The term "psychiatry" was coined as the medical specialty became more academically established. Asylum superintendents, later to be psychiatrists, were generally called "alienists" because they were thought to deal with people alienated from society; they adopted largely isolated and managerial roles in the asylums while milder "neurotic" conditions were dealt with by neurologists and general physicians, although there was overlap for conditions such as neurasthenia.[47]
In the United States it was proposed that black slaves who tried to escape were suffering from a mental disorder termed drapetomania. It was then argued in scientific journals that mental disorders were rare under conditions of slavery but became more common following emancipation, and later that mental illness in African Americans was due to evolutionary factors or various negative characteristics, and that they were not suitable for therapeutic intervention.[48]
By the 1870s in North America, officials who ran Lunatic Asylums renamed them Insane Asylums. By the late century, the term "asylum" had lost its original meaning as a place of refuge, retreat or safety, and was associated with abuses that had been widely publicized in the media, including by ex-patient organization the Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society and ex-patients like Elizabeth Packard.[30]
The relative proportion of the public officially diagnosed with mental disorders was increasing, however. This has been linked to various factors, including possibly humanitarian concern; incentives for professional status/money; a lowered tolerance of communities for unusual behavior due to the existence of asylums to place them in (this affected the poor the most); and the strain placed on families by industrialization.[39]
20th century[edit]
The turn of the 20th century saw the development of psychoanalysis, which came to the fore later. Kraepelin's classification gained popularity, including the separation of mood disorders from what would later be termed schizophrenia.[49][page needed]
Asylum superintendents sought to improve the image and medical status of their profession. Asylum "inmates" were increasingly referred to as "patients" and asylums renamed as hospitals. Referring to people as having a "mental illness" dates from this period in the early 20th century.[30]
In the United States, a "mental hygiene" movement, originally defined in the 19th century, gained momentum and aimed to "prevent the disease of insanity" through public health methods and clinics.[50] The term mental health became more popular, however. Clinical psychology and social work developed as professions alongside psychiatry. Theories of eugenics led to compulsory sterilization movements in many countries around the world for several decades, often encompassing patients in public mental institutions.[51] World War I saw a massive increase of conditions that came to be termed "shell shock".
In Nazi Germany, the institutionalized mentally ill were among the earliest targets of sterilization campaigns and covert "euthanasia" programs.[52] It has been estimated that over 200,000 individuals with mental disorders of all kinds were put to death, although their mass murder has received relatively little historical attention. Despite not being formally ordered to take part, psychiatrists and psychiatric institutions were at the center of justifying, planning and carrying out the atrocities at every stage, and "constituted the connection" to the later annihilation of Jews and other "undesirables" such as homosexuals in the Holocaust.[53]
In other areas of the world, funding was often cut for asylums, especially during periods of economic decline, and during wartime in particular many patients starved to death.[54] Soldiers received increased psychiatric attention, and World War II saw the development in the US of a new psychiatric manual for categorizing mental disorders, which along with existing systems for collecting census and hospital statistics led to the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) followed suit with a section on mental disorders.
Previously restricted to the treatment of severely disturbed people in asylums, psychiatrists cultivated clients with a broader range of problems, and between 1917 and 1970 the number practicing outside institutions swelled from 8 percent to 66 percent.[55] The term stress, having emerged from endocrinology work in the 1930s, was popularized with an increasingly broad biopsychosocial meaning, and was increasingly linked to mental disorders.[56] "Outpatient commitment" laws were gradually expanded or introduced in some countries.
Lobotomies, Insulin shock therapy, Electro convulsive therapy, and the "neuroleptic" chlorpromazine came into use mid-century.
An antipsychiatry movement came to the fore in the 1960s. Deinstitutionalization gradually occurred in the West, with isolated psychiatric hospitals being closed down in favor of community mental health services. However, inadequate services and continued social exclusion often led to many being homeless or in prison.[57] A consumer/survivor movement gained momentum.
Other kinds of psychiatric medication gradually came into use, such as "psychic energizers" and lithium. Benzodiazepines gained widespread use in the 1970s for anxiety and depression, until dependency problems curtailed their popularity. Advances in neuroscience and genetics led to new research agendas. Cognitive behavioral therapy was developed. Through the 1990s, new SSRI antidepressants became some of the most widely prescribed drugs in the world.
The DSM and then ICD adopted new criteria-based classification, representing a return to a Kraepelin-like descriptive system. The number of "official" diagnoses saw a large expansion, although homosexuality was gradually downgraded and dropped in the face of human rights protests. Different regions sometimes developed alternatives such as the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders or Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis.
21st century[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2016)
Starting from 2002 DSM-5 Research Agenda researchers were invited to contribute with their publication to the literature basis for the DSM-5, whose draft criteria are now[when?] available to the scientific community.[58] In the meanwhile, serious limits of the current version of the DSM extremely high comorbidity, diagnostic heterogeneity of the categories, unclear boundaries have been interpreted as intrinsic anomalies of the criterial, neopositivistic approach leading the system to a state of scientific crisis.[59] Accordingly, a radical rethinking of the concept of mental disorder and the need of a radical scientific revolution in psychiatric taxonomy was proposed.[60]
History of mental health treatment[edit]
[61]
Trephination[edit]
This procedure included removing a part of the skull using an auger, bore or so. It was used 7000 years ago to remove headaches, mental illness and even perceived demonic possession.
Bloodletting and purging[edit]
This procedures saw its inception in the 1600s. Bleeding, purging and vomiting were thought to keep the balance of humors in the body. According to the Greek philosophy, the imbalance of these humors were considered to cause mental disorders. These techniques were used to treat more than just mental disorders.
Isolation and asylums[edit]
The confinement of the mentally ill became prevalent in the 17th century. The idea behind these asylums was to isolate the abnormal and keep them separate from the normal. The poor sanitation conditions, and overcrowding along with violent treatment of the mentally ill were serious problems faced in these asylums.
Insulin coma therapy[edit]
This treatment was introduced in 1927 and was used till 1960. Physicians deliberately put the patient into a low blood sugar coma because they thought that large fluctuations in insulin levels could alter the function of the brain. Risks included prolong coma. Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) was later adopted as a substitution to this.
Lobotomy[edit]
Prefrontal Lobotomies, required the surgical removal of the connections in between the prefrontal cortex and frontal lobes of the brain. The procedure took not more than five minutes to be performed. Though useful for some, it often created further impairments for others. It was discontinued in the mid-1950s.
See also[edit]
Care in the Community
DSM-IV codes
Eugenics
History of psychiatric institutions
Involuntary commitment
Mad Pride
Neurology
Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric medication
Psychiatric survivors movement
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)
Timeline of psychiatry
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach seventh edition. Patparganj, Delhi, India: Cengage Learning. 2015. pp. 6, 7.
Jump up ^ Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach seventh edition. Patparganj, Delhi, India: Cengage Learning. 2015. p. 7.
Jump up ^ Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach seventh edition. Patparganj, Delhi, India: Cengage Learning. 2015. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach seventh edition. Patparganj, Delhi, India: Cengage Learning. 2015. p. 13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998). Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Daily Life. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0313294976.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. The British Museum Press. p. 102. ISBN 0-7141-1705-6.
Jump up ^ Yuhas, Daisy (March 2013). "Throughout History, Defining Schizophrenia Has Remained A Challenge (Timeline)". Scientific American Mind. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Nasser, Mervat (December 1987). "Psychiatry in Ancient Egypt" (PDF). Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. 11 (12): 420–422. doi:10.1192/pb.11.12.420  .
Jump up ^ David H. Rosmarin; Harold G. Koenig (1998). Handbook of Religion and Mental Health. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-053371-1.
Jump up ^ Bhugra, Dinesh (June 1992). "Psychiatry in ancient Indian texts: a review" (pdf). History of Psychiatry. 3 (10): 167–186. doi:10.1177/0957154X9200301002  . PMID 11623029.
Jump up ^ Chinese Culture and Mental Health. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, Inc. 1985.
Jump up ^ Cibik, Ted. "Possession and Mental Illness from a Chinese Health Care Perspective". Oriental Medicine: 30–37.
Jump up ^ Lam, Chow., Tsang, Hector., Corrigan, Patrick.,, Lee, Yueh-Ting., Angell, Beth.; et al. (January–March 2010). "Chinese Lay Theory and Mental Illness Stigma: Implications for Research and Practices". Journal of Rehabilitation. 76.1: 35–40. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition. Pearson. 2013. pp. 33, 34.
^ Jump up to: a b Pilgrim, David (August 2007). "The survival of psychiatric diagnosis". Social Science & Medicine. 65 (3): 536–47. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.054. PMID 17470381.
Jump up ^ Hinshaw, Stephen P. (2007). "Historical perspectives on mental illness and stigma". The Mark of Shame: Stigma of Mental Illness and an Agenda for Change . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-19-530844-0. OCLC 70158382 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ von Staden, Heinrich (1996). "Liminal Perils: Early Roman Receptions of Greek Medicine". In Ragep, F. Jamil; Ragep, Sally P.; Livesey, Steven. Tradition, Transmission, Transformation: Proceedings of two Conferences on Pre-Modern Science Held at the University of Oklahoma. International Academy for the History of Science. 37. Leiden: Brill. pp. 369–418. ISBN 978-90-04-10119-7. OCLC 845181210.
^ Jump up to: a b Davison, Kenneth (April 2006). "Historical aspects of mood disorders" . Psychiatry. 5 (4): 115–118. doi:10.1383/psyt.2006.5.4.115.
Jump up ^ Daniel 4:25-4:34
Jump up ^ Butcher, James Neal; Mineka, Susan; Holley, Jill M. (2014). "Historical and contemporary views of abnormal behavior". Abnormal psychology (16th ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-205-94428-6. OCLC 835951557.
Jump up ^ Youssef, Hanafy A.; Youssef, Fatma A. (March 1996). Dening, T.R., ed. "Evidence for the existence of schizophrenia in medieval Islamic society" (pdf). History of Psychiatry. 7 (25): 55–62. doi:10.1177/0957154X9600702503  . PMID 11609215.
Jump up ^ Haque, Amber (December 2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists" . Journal of Religion and Health. 43 (4): 357–377. doi:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z.
Jump up ^ Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J.M. (May 2002). "La neurociencia en al Ándalus y su influencia en la medicina escolástica medieval" [Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine]. Revista de Neurología (in Spanish). 34 (9): 877–892. PMID 12134355.
Jump up ^ Millon, Theodore (2004). "Chapter 1: Demythologizing the Ancients' Spirits". Masters of the Mind: Exploring the Story of Mental Illness from Ancient Times to the New Millennium . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-471-46985-8. OCLC 54460256 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "Religion tackles mental illness". BBC News. London. 17 April 1999.
Jump up ^ Stein, Debra (28 November 2000). "Views of mental illness in Morocco: Western medicine meets the traditional symbolic". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 163 (11): 1468–1470. PMC 80417  . PMID 11192655.
Jump up ^ Safavi-Abbasi, Sam; Brasiliense, Leonardo B.C.; Workman, Ryan K.; Talley, Melanie C.; Feiz-Erfan, Iman; Theodore, Nicholas; Spetzler, Robert F.; Preul, Mark C. (July 2007). "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire" . Neurosurgical Focus. 23 (1): E13. doi:10.3171/FOC-07/07/E13  . PMID 17961058.
^ Jump up to: a b c Laffey, Paul (November 2003). "Psychiatric therapy in Georgian Britain". Psychological Medicine. 33 (7): 1285–97. doi:10.1017/S0033291703008109. PMID 14580082. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Kroll, Jerome; Bachrach, Bernard (August 1984). "Sin and mental illness in the Middle Ages". Psychological Medicine. 14 (3): 507–514. doi:10.1017/S0033291700015105. PMID 6387755. (Subscription required (help)).
^ Jump up to: a b c Reaume, Geoffrey (July 2002). "Lunatic to patient to person: nomenclature in psychiatric history and the influence of patients' activism in North America". International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 25 (4): 405–26. doi:10.1016/S0160-2527(02)00130-9. hdl:10822/1009170. PMID 12613052. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Delgado, Jairo Muñoz; Doherty, Ana María Santillán; Ceballos, Ricardo Mondragón; Erkert, Hans G. (December 2000). "Moon Cycle Effects on Humans: Myth or Reality?" (PDF). Salud Mental. 23 (6): 33–39. Archived from the original (pdf) on 22 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lunatic (Adj)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper.
Jump up ^ Hecker, J.F.C. (1374). "Dancing Mania Of The Middle Ages". History World International. Translated by Babington, B.G.
Jump up ^ Bartholomew, Robert; Goode, Erich (May 2000). "Mass Delusions and Hysterias Highlights from the Past Millennium". Skeptical Inquirer. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Roffe, David; Roffe, Christine (23 December 1995). "Madness and care in the community: a medieval perspective" . BMJ. 311 (7021): 1708–1712. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7021.1708. PMC 2539103  . PMID 8541770.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Jerome; Bachrach, Bernard (January 1982). "Visions and psychopathology in the Middle Ages". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 170 (1): 41–9. doi:10.1097/00005053-198201000-00007. PMID 7033474. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Schoeneman, Thomas J. (October 1977). "The role of mental illness in the European witch hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: an assessment". Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences. 13 (4): 337–51. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197710)13:4<337::AID-JHBS2300130406>3.0.CO;2-G. PMID 336681. (Subscription required (help)).
^ Jump up to: a b Wright, David (April 1997). "Getting out of the asylum: understanding the confinement of the insane in the nineteenth century". Social History of Medicine. 10 (1): 137–55. doi:10.1093/shm/10.1.137. PMID 11619188. (Subscription required (help)).
^ Jump up to: a b c d Crossley, Nick (2006). "Contextualizing contention: a potted history of the mental health field". Contesting Psychiatry: Social Movements in Mental Health . Critical studies in health and society. London: Routledge. pp. 47–68. ISBN 978-0-415-35417-2.
Jump up ^ Dalby, J. Thomas (December 1997). "Elizabethan madness: On London's stage" (PDF). Psychological Reports. 81 (3 Pt 2): 1331–1343. doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3f.1331  . PMID 9461770.
Jump up ^ Stompe, Thomas; Ritter, Kristina; Friedmann, Alexander (August 2006). "Die Gestaltungen des Wahnsinns bei William Shakespeare" [The representation of madness in William Shakespeare's characters]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (in German). 118 (15–16): 488–95. doi:10.1007/s00508-006-0641-y. PMID 16957981. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Bedlam: Hospital, Beckenham, England, United Kingdom". Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 November 2003.
Jump up ^ Walsh, James Joseph (1907). "Bedlam". Catholic Encyclopedia. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
Jump up ^ Dalby, J.Thomas (November 1993). "Terms of Madness: Historical Linguistics". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 34 (6): 392–395. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90063-A. PMID 8131383. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Torrey, E. Fuller (1988). Surviving Schizophrenia: a manual for families, consumers and providers (3rd ed.). London: HarperPerennial. pp. 339–342. ISBN 978-0-06-095076-7. OCLC 681395244. Torrey comments that very early mental illness descriptions do not seem to fit schizophrenia, there is a ‘sporadic presence’ from the 17th century, and then c. 1800 “suddenly… it appeared.”
Jump up ^ Heinrichs, R. Walter (Fall 2003). "Historical origins of schizophrenia: two early madmen and their illness". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 39 (4): 349–63. doi:10.1002/jhbs.10152. PMID 14601041. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Neurology and Psychiatry: Together and Separate". Tempus et Hora: Time and the Hour (ANA 125th Anniversary). American Neurological Association. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
Jump up ^ Harris, Herbert W.; Felder, Diane; Clark, Michelle O. (September 2004). "A Psychiatric Residency Curriculum on the Care of African American Patients". Academic Psychiatry. 28 (3): 226–239. doi:10.1176/appi.ap.28.3.226. PMID 15507559. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Berrios, German E.; Porter, Roy, eds. (1995). The History of Clinical Psychiatry: The Origin and History of Psychiatric Disorders. London: Athlone Press. ISBN 978-0-485-24211-9. OCLC 32823926.
Jump up ^ Mandell, Wallace (2007). "Origins of Mental Health: The Realization of an Idea". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: Department of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
Jump up ^ Kavles, Daniel J. (14 August 1999). "Eugenics and human rights" . BMJ. 319 (7207): 435–438. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.435. PMC 1127045  . PMID 10445929.
Jump up ^ Livingston, Kathy (16 August 2003). Deciding Who Dies: Evaluating the Social Worth of People With Mental Illness during the Holocaust. Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association. Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA: American Sociological Association.
Jump up ^ Strous, Rael D. (27 February 2007). "Psychiatry during the Nazi era: ethical lessons for the modern professional". Annals of General Psychiatry. 6: 8. doi:10.1186/1744-859X-6-8  . PMC 1828151  . PMID 17326822.
Jump up ^ Fakhoury, Walid; Priebe, Stefan (August 2007). "Deinstitutionalization and reinstitutionalization: major changes in the provision of mental healthcare". Psychiatry. 6 (8): 313–316. doi:10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.05.008. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Susan (19 May 2008). "Mental Illness or Social Sickness?". Dissident Voice. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Viner, Russell (June 1999). "Putting Stress in Life: Hans Selye and the Making of Stress Theory". Social Studies of Science. 29 (3): 391–410. doi:10.1177/030631299029003003  . JSTOR 285410.
Jump up ^ Torrey, E. Fuller; Stieber, Joan; Ezekiel, Jonathan; Wolfe, Sidney M.; Sharfstein, Joshua; Noble, John H.; Flynn, Laurie M. (1992). Criminalizing the Seriously Mentally Ill: The Abuse of Jails as Mental Hospitals (Report). National Alliance for the Mentally Ill & Public Citizen Health Research Group. ISBN 0-7881-4279-8. OCLC 604003248.
Jump up ^ "DSM-5". American Psychiatric Association.
Jump up ^ Aragona, Massimiliano (March 2009). "The role of comorbidity in the crisis of the current psychiatric classification system" (PDF). Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology. 16: 1–11. doi:10.1353/ppp.0.0211.
Jump up ^ Aragona, Massimiliano (June 2009). "The concept of mental disorder and the DSM-V" (PDF). Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences. 2 (1): 1–14.
Jump up ^ |url=https://online.csp.edu/blog/psychology/history-of-mental-illness-treatment |journal= Hussung, Tricia "A History of Mental Illness Treatment: Obsolete Practices" |
Further reading[edit]
Millon, Theodore (2004). Masters of the Mind: Exploring the Story of Mental Illness from Ancient Times to the New Millennium . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-46985-8. OCLC 54460256 – via Google Books.
Kent, Deborah (2003). Snake Pits, Talking Cures & Magic Bullets: A History of Mental Illness . Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-0-7613-2704-2. OCLC 50253057 – via Google Books.
Scull, Andrew (1989). Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective. Medicine and society. 3. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06406-5. OCLC 17982761 – via California Digital Library.
Foucault, Michel (1961). Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique [Madness and Civilization]. Collection Tel (in French). 9. Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-07-029582-1. OCLC 45404661.
Quétel, Claude (2009). Histoire de la folie : De l'Antiquité à nos jours (in French). Paris: Editions Tallandier, Texto. ISBN 978-2-84734-927-6. OCLC 818987861.
Hurd, Henry M.; Drewry, William F.; Dewey, Richard; Pilgrim, Charles W.; Blumer, G. Adler; Burgess, T.J.W. (1916). Hurd, Henry Mills, ed. The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada. 1. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press – via Google Books.
[hide]
v
t
e
Anti-psychiatry
Topics
Biopsychiatry controversy
Controversy surrounding psychiatry
Critical psychiatry
Hearing Voices Movement
History of mental disorders
Involuntary commitment
Involuntary treatment
Martha Mitchell effect
Medical ethics
Medicalization
medical model
Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement
Political abuse of psychiatry
Psychiatric survivors movement
Psychiatry: An Industry of Death
Psychoanalytic theory
Recovery approach
Rhetoric of therapy
Rosenhan experiment
Self-help groups for mental health
Therapeutic community
Organizations
American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization
Aspies For Freedom
Autism Network International
Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law
Citizens Commission on Human Rights
Disability Rights International
Hearing Voices Network
Icarus Project
International Disability Alliance
Learning Disability Coalition
Mad Pride
MindFreedom International
National Empowerment Center
Radical Psychology Network
Rehabilitation International
Royal Association for Disability Rights
Paranoia Network
Soteria
World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry
People
Linda Andre
Giorgio Antonucci
Franco Basaglia
Ernest Becker
Lauretta Bender
Richard Bentall
Peter Breggin
Paula Caplan
Ted Chabasinski
Judi Chamberlin
David Cooper
Lyn Duff
Michel Foucault
Leonard Roy Frank
Erving Goffman
James Gottstein
Jacques Lacan
R. D. Laing
Peter Lehmann
Kate Millett
Loren Mosher
David Oaks
Elizabeth Packard
Sascha Scatter
David Smail
Thomas Szasz
Stephen Ticktin
Robert Whitaker
Publications
Against Therapy
Anatomy of an Epidemic
Anti-Oedipus
Asylums
Crazy Therapies
Doctoring the Mind
Interpretation of Schizophrenia
Liberation by Oppression
Mad in America
Madness and Civilization
Radical Psychology
The Gene Illusion
The Myth of Mental Illness
The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise
The Protest Psychosis
The Radical Therapist
We've Had a Hundred Years of Psychotherapy – And the World's Getting Worse
Psychiatry portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_mental_disorders&oldid=826741550"
Categories:
Mental and behavioural disorders
History of psychiatry
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
CS1 German-language sources (de)
Use dmy dates from February 2013
Articles needing additional references from December 2016
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012
Articles with limited geographic scope from December 2016
Western culture-centric
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2016
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2016
All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
All articles with vague or ambiguous time
Vague or ambiguous time from December 2016
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters
CS1 French-language sources (fr)
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
Italiano
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 February 2018, at 19:31.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

value: span

attrs: class dir xml:lang

values: toctitle ltr en

value: li

values: Edit section: Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior

values:
/wiki/Ebers_papyrus
mw-redirect
Ebers papyrus

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source

values:
/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine
mw-redirect
Traditional Chinese Medicine

values: Edit section: Israel and the Hebrew diaspora

values:
/wiki/Job_(Bible)
mw-redirect
Job (Bible)

values:
/wiki/Psalms_of_David
mw-redirect
Psalms of David

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: Persia, Arabia and the Muslim empire

values:
/wiki/Ahmed_ibn_Sahl_al-Balkhi
mw-redirect
Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi

values:
/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abbas_al-Majusi
mw-redirect
Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi

values:
/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi
mw-redirect
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

values: Najab ud-din Unhammad (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Berber_people
mw-redirect
Berber people

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)

values:
/wiki/Canon_of_Medicine
mw-redirect
Canon of Medicine

values:
/wiki/Magical_(paranormal)
mw-redirect
Magical (paranormal)

values:
/wiki/Arnaldus_de_Villanova
mw-redirect
Arnaldus de Villanova

values:
/wiki/Royal_Prerogative
mw-redirect
Royal Prerogative

values:
/wiki/Idiot_(usage)
mw-redirect
Idiot (usage)

values:
/wiki/Mass_delusion
mw-redirect
Mass delusion

values:
/wiki/Personal_estate
mw-redirect
Personal estate

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize

values:
/wiki/Physical_sciences
mw-redirect
Physical sciences

values:
/wiki/Biological_classification
mw-redirect
Biological classification

values:
/wiki/Medical_doctors
mw-redirect
Medical doctors

values: This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2016)

values: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

values: International Classification of Diseases

values:
/wiki/Stress_(biological)
mw-redirect
Stress (biological)

values:
/wiki/Electro_convulsive_therapy
mw-redirect
Electro convulsive therapy

values:
/wiki/Psychiatric_hospitals
mw-redirect
Psychiatric hospitals

values:
/wiki/Community_mental_health_services
mw-redirect
Community mental health services

values:
/wiki/Lithium_pharmacology
mw-redirect
Lithium pharmacology

values: Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders

values: Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis (page does not exist)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update

values: The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2016)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values: Edit section: History of mental health treatment

values: Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

values: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values: Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1192%2Fpb.11.12.420

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11623029

values: Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17470381

values: Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/70158382

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/845181210

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1383%2Fpsyt.2006.5.4.115

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/835951557

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11609215

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10943-004-4302-z

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134355

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/54460256

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11192655

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.3171%2FFOC-07%2F07%2FE13

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961058

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580082

values: The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387755

values:
nofollow
external text
//hdl.handle.net/10822%2F1009170

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12613052

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.311.7021.1708

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8541770

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7033474

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/336681

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093%2Fshm%2F10.1.137

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11619188

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2466%2Fpr0.1997.81.3f.1331

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461770

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00508-006-0641-y

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16957981

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bedlam

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8131383

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/681395244

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fjhbs.10152

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14601041

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1176%2Fappi.ap.28.3.226

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507559

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/32823926

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.319.7207.435

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10445929

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1186%2F1744-859X-6-8

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17326822

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mppsy.2007.05.008

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/285410

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/604003248

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1353%2Fppp.0.0211

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/50253057

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/17982761

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/45404661

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/818987861

values: Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement

values: World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry

values: The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Anti-psychiatry padding:3px

values: Category:Mental and behavioural disorders

values: Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)

values: Category:Use dmy dates from February 2013

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012

values: Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from December 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2016

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

values: Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time

values: Category:Vague or ambiguous time from December 2016

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters

values: Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/History_of_mental_disorders
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: 精神保健の歴史 – Japanese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-History_of_mental_disorders rootpage-History_of_mental_disorders skin-vector action-view


text:
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the most recent season, see I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4).
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Genre
Reality television
Created by
Granada Television (now part of ITV Studios)
Based on
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Presented by
Chris Brown
Julia Morris
Country of origin
Australia
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
125 (as of 12 March 2018)
Production
Location(s)
Kruger National Park,
in South Africa
Camera setup
Multiple-camera setup
Production company(s)
ITV Studios Australia
Release
Original network
Network Ten
Picture format
576i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
1 February 2015 – present
External links
Website
Production website
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (occasionally shortened to I'm a Celebrity) is an Australian reality television series on Network Ten which is based on the British television show of the same name.[1] The series sees celebrities living in the jungle with few creature comforts and compete in various challenges to earn meals and other luxuries. The celebrities compete for $100,000 to be donated to their chosen charity. The series is set in Kruger National Park, South Africa,[2][3] and is hosted by Julia Morris and Chris Brown.[4]
On 16 July 2015 the series was renewed for a second season,[5] which premiered on 31 January 2016.[6] The second season was accompanied by the companion series ''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now!''. It aired on Eleven following each episode of the main series, hosted by comedian and former season one contestant Joel Creasey and The Bachelor Australia 3 contestant Heather Maltman.[7] ''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now!'' did not air after the main show in later seasons due to low viewing rates. On 1 August 2016 the series was renewed for a third season with Morris and Brown returning as hosts,[8] which premiered on 29 January 2017. A fourth season commenced on 28 January 2018 and concluded 12 March 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
1.1 Tucker trials
1.2 Celebrity chest challenges
1.3 Secret mission
1.4 Mystery box
2 Production
2.1 Broadcast
2.2 The fallout zone
2.3 Public voting
3 Series overview
4 Series results
4.1 Season 1 (2015)
4.2 Season 2 (2016)
4.3 Season 3 (2017)
4.4 Season 4 (2018)
4.5 Season 5 (2019)
5 Ratings
6 Awards and nominations
7 Lawsuit
8 See also
9 References
Format[edit]
The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During their time in the jungle they are isolated from the outside world and are not commonly aware of outside events. The contestants compete for $100,000 to be donated to a charity of their choosing, in addition to being personally reimbursed for their participation.[9] While in the jungle, some of the contestants (generally voted by the viewing public) compete in challenges for food and luxuries for the camp. These challenges often involve local wildlife and are meant to take the contestants out of their comfort zone. Each week one or more of the contestants are evicted from the jungle, based on viewer votes. In addition, if the contestants become overwhelmed by their situation they can leave the series by speaking the phrase "I'm a celebrity get me out of here!". However, it is reported that if contestants do quit they will have their income for participating in the series markedly reduced.[10] Throughout the show, additional contestants (called "intruders") enter the competition; and beginning with season two, some contestants are only included temporarily (i.e. having a guest appearance).[11] In the end, a final viewer vote occurs to determine the winner of the series, who is given the title of "King and/or Queen of the Jungle".
Tucker trials[edit]
The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.
Celebrity chest challenges[edit]
Two or more celebrities are chosen to take part in the celebrity chest challenge to win luxuries for camp. Each challenge involves completing a task to win a chest to take back to camp. However, to win the luxury item in the chest, the campmates must correctly answer a question. If they fail to answer correctly, the luxury item is forfeited and a joke prize is won. The luxury item is "donated" by a celebrity from the outside.
Secret mission[edit]
This is a challenge where some celebrities have to take part without alerting the other celebrities - if they are successful in their 'missions', they are rewarded.
Mystery box[edit]
A mystery box sees a box delivered to the campsite, each time containing a different gift for the contestants.
Production[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The show is broadcast Sunday to Thursday at 7.30 pm, with a weekly eviction show on Sunday (except for the first week, where the celebrities arrive in the 'jungle'). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones.
The fallout zone[edit]
In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled The Fallout Zone but more commonly referred to as FOZ. The content of feed was available on the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran "The Butcher" Flannery, also known as "The C-Word". On 8 and 12 March 2015, producer Dominic "The Domin8or" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute conversation featuring a sound technician looking for Bob being picked up. On 5 March 2015 the show famously featured audio problems during which Mac and Flannery's voices fluctuated between chipmunk and Darth Vader filters for the first thirty minutes. The show's theme song is Highway to the Fallout Zone sung by Sam Mac. The show did not return for the second season.
Public voting[edit]
Throughout the show the public votes on who competes in the following tucker trial and who to evict from the campsite. Viewers can either vote via SMS (by texting the name of the celebrity to 1995 1010) or vote via Social Media (namely Facebook or Twitter) by using the celebrity's hashtag (#celeb[name]). Voting via social media is limited to 20 votes per account. For tucker trial voting, viewers vote for celebrity they wish to compete. For eviction voting, viewers vote for a celebrity to stay. Voting closes at approximately 7:30pm AEDT for Sunday's eviction vote and at approximately 8pm AEDT for voting on other days.
Prior to the premiere of the second season, it was announced that the voting process would change slightly compared to the inaugural season. SMS voting wil be used for both trial and eviction voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia.[12] However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals.[13]
Series overview[edit]
Winners crowned King or Queen of their respective year.
Key:
King of the Jungle
Queen of the Jungle
Season
Presenters
Start date
End date
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places
Winner
Second place
Third place
1
Chris Brown and Julia Morris 1 February 2015 (2015-02-01) 15 March 2015 (2015-03-15) 45 14 Freddie Flintoff Barry Hall Chrissie Swan
2
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31) 13 March 2016 (2016-03-13) 45 12 Brendan Fevola Paul Harragon Laurina Fleure
3
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29) 13 March 2017 (2017-03-13) 46 14 Casey Donovan Dane Swan Natalie Bassingthwaighte
4
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28) 12 March 2018 (2018-03-12) 45 15 Fiona O'Loughlin Shannon Noll Danny Green
5
2019 2019
Series results[edit]
Key
Winner – King or Queen of the Jungle
Runner-up
Third place
Late arrival
Evicted
Withdrew
Season 1 (2015)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 1)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Freddie Flintoff England and Wales cricketer 17 45 Winner
Barry Hall Former AFL forward 1 45 Runner-up
Chrissie Swan Television & radio broadcaster 1 45 Third Place
Maureen McCormick The Brady Bunch actress 1 42 Evicted 11th
Joel Creasey Comedian 1 41 Evicted 10th
Anna Heinrich The Bachelor Australia star 10 41 Evicted 9th
Julie Goodwin Chef & cookbook author 17 40 Evicted 8th
Merv Hughes Former test match cricketer 1 39 Evicted 7th
Tyson Mayr Model 1 38 Evicted 6th
Andrew Daddo Television & radio presenter 1 31 Evicted 5th
Lauren Brant Hi-5 singer 1 24 Evicted 4th
Laura Dundovic Miss Universe Australia 2008 1 17 Evicted 3rd
Tim Robards The Bachelor Australia star 10 17 Evicted 2nd
Leisel Jones Olympic swimmer 1 10 Evicted 1st
Season 2 (2016)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 2)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Brendan Fevola AFL full-forward 1 45 Winner
Paul Harragon Former NRL prop forward 1 45 Runner-up
Laurina Fleure The Bachelor Australia 2 star 1 45 Third Place
Anthony Callea Singer-songwriter 1 42 Evicted 9th
Shane Warne Retired international cricketer 2 41 Evicted 8th
Havana Brown DJ 1 40 Evicted 7th
Jo Beth Taylor Television presenter 1 39 Evicted 6th
Val Lehman Prisoner actress 1 38 Evicted 5th
Dean Geyer Glee actor 1 31 Evicted 4th
Bonnie Lythgoe So You Think You Can Dance Australia judge 1 24 Evicted 3rd
Akmal Saleh Comedian 1 17 Evicted 2nd
Courtney Hancock Ironwoman 1 10 Evicted 1st
Season 3 (2017)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 3)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Casey Donovan Singer-songwriter (Australian Idol Winner) 1 46 Winner
Dane Swan AFL Legend 1 46 Runner-Up
Natalie Bassingthwaighte Singer & Actress 1 46 Third Place
Nazeem Hussain Comedian 1 45 Evicted 11th
Steve Price Radio Shock Jock 1 42 Evicted 10th
Lisa Curry Olympic Swimmer 1 41 Evicted 9th
Ash Pollard My Kitchen Rules contestant 1 40 Evicted 8th
Carson Kressley TV Personality 25 39 Evicted 7th
Tegan Martin Beauty Queen 1 38 Evicted 6th
Keira Maguire The Bachelor Australia 4 star 19 35 Evicted 5th
Kris Smith TV Personality & Model 2 35 Evicted 4th
Tziporah Malkah Former Model 2 31 Evicted 3rd
Jay Laga'aia Actor & Singer 1 24 Evicted 2nd
Tom Arnold Hollywood Actor 1 17 Evicted 1st
Season 4 (2018)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Fiona O'Loughlin Comedian 1 45 Winner
Shannon Noll Singer 1 45 Runner-up
Danny Green Boxer 7 45 Third place
Vicky Pattison Reality TV Star (I'm a Celeb UK, Winner) 17 44 Evicted 10th
Simone Holtznagel Model 1 41 Evicted 9th
Peter Rowsthorn Actor & Comedian 1 40 Evicted 8th
Jackie Gillies Psychic & Reality TV Star 1 39 Evicted 7th
Josh Gibson AFL Player 1 38 Evicted 6th
Paul Burrell Former Royal Butler (I'm a Celeb UK, Runner Up) 17 37 Evicted 5th
Lisa Oldfield Reality TV Star 24 34 Evicted 4th
David Oldfield Former Politician 24 30 Evicted 3rd
Kerry Armstrong Actress 1 23 Evicted 2nd
Tiffany Darwish Singer 1 16 Evicted 1st
Anthony Mundine Boxer 2 12 Withdrew
Bernard Tomic Tennis Player 1 3 Withdrew
Season 5 (2019)[edit]
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 5)
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result
Ratings[edit]
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Source
Premiere date
Premiere viewers
(Opening Night)
Rank
Premiere viewers
(Welcome to the Jungle)
Rank
Finale date
Finale viewers
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale viewers
(Winner announced)
Rank
1
31 1 February 2015 (2015-02-01) 1.199 4 1.136 5 15 March 2015 (2015-03-15) 0.999 8 1.144 3 [14][15]
2
31 31 January 2016 (2016-01-31) 1.324 3 1.081 5 13 March 2016 (2016-03-13) 0.719 8 0.858 6 [16][17]
3
32 29 January 2017 (2017-01-29) 1.103 7 0.963 8 13 March 2017 0.989 6 1.056 2 [18][19]
4
31 28 January 2018 (2018-01-28) 1.274 4 1.108 5 12 March 2018 0.684 11 0.804 8 [20][21]
5
2019 2019
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.
2016 Logie Awards of 2016 Best Reality Program I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Nominated [22]
2017 Logie Awards of 2017 I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Nominated [23]
2018 Logie Awards of 2018 I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! N/A
Lawsuit[edit]
In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Arnold claims that he was promised a payment of $425,000 and a comedy tour in Australia, however he was missing $140,000 in payment and that Network Ten backed out of the comedy tour.[24]
See also[edit]
Television in Australia portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "I'm a Celebrity heads to Oz". C21 Media. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Gusmaroli, Danielle (8 February 2015). "I'm A Celebrity I'm out Of Here! Olympian Liesel Jones is first star voted out of the south African jungle after opening up about her weight issues". Daily Mail Australia. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Kruger Welcomes I'm A Celebrity". CallSheet. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "TV jungle gets real for Channel 10 but are celebs in or out?". news.com.au. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (16 July 2015). "Renewed: I'm A Celebrity Get Me Out of Here". TV Tonight. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (10 January 2016). "Returning: I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here!". TV Tonight. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (19 November 2015). "TEN Upfronts 2016: Survivor, Jessica Marais, Anh Do -and Nigella!". TV Tonight. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "'m A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here! Is Back In 2017". Ten Play. Channel Ten. August 1, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Reines, Ros (2 February 2015). "I'm SO glad I turned down I'm A Celebrity... even though it paid '$30k per week'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (4 March 2015). "Contract clause 'penalty' for Celebrities who quit TEN's jungle". TV Tonight. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (28 December 2015). "Mark Waugh into TEN's jungle?". TV Tonight. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (28 January 2016). "I'm a Celebrity to switch-up viewer voting this year". TV Tonight. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (10 March 2016). "TEN U-turn on voting promise for I'm A Celebrity". TV Tonight. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (2 February 2015). "Sunday 1 February 2015". TV Tonight. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (16 March 2015). "Sunday 15 March 2015". TV Tonight. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 February 2016). "Sunday 31 January 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (14 March 2016). "Sunday 13 March 2016". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (30 January 2017). "Sunday 29 January 2017". TV Tonight. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (14 March 2017). "Monday 13 March 2017". TV Tonight. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (29 January 2018). "Sunday 28 January 2018". TV Tonight. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (13 March 2018). "Monday 12 March 2018". TV Tonight. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (3 April 2016). "Logie Awards 2016: nominations". TV Tonight. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (22 April 2017). "Logie Awards 2017: nominees". TV Tonight. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Cullins, Ashley (2017-06-15). "Tom Arnold Sues Australian Reality TV Network for Fraud". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
[show]
v
t
e
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia)
Seasons
1
2
3
4
Winners
Freddie Flintoff
Brendan Fevola
Casey Donovan
Fiona O'Loughlin
Related articles
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
[show]
v
t
e
International versions of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Australia
France
Germany
Hungary
India
Romania
Sweden
United Kingdom (original)
United States
[show]
v
t
e
Current Australian reality television series
Seven Network
First Dates
Hell's Kitchen Australia
House Rules
My Kitchen Rules
Seven Year Switch
Nine Network
Australian Ninja Warrior
Family Food Fight
Married at First Sight
The Block
The Voice
9Go!
Meet the Hockers
Network Ten
Australian Survivor
Bachelor in Paradise Australia
The Bachelor
The Bachelorette
MasterChef Australia
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Shark Tank
Eleven
Bondi Ink Tattoo
Arena
The Real Housewives of Melbourne
The Real Housewives of Sydney
Fox8
Australia's Next Top Model
The Recruit
A&E
Aussie Pickers
Demolition Man
Pawn Stars Australia
Lifestyle Food
The Great Australian Bake Off
All Australian reality series
[show]
v
t
e
Network Ten local programming (current and upcoming)
Primetime
All Star Family Feud (since 2016)
Australian Survivor (since 2016)
The Bachelor Australia (since 2013)
The Bachelorette Australia (since 2015)
Bachelor in Paradise (since 2018)
Todd Sampson's Body Hack (since 2016)
Bondi Vet (since 2009)
Bondi Rescue (since 2006)
CRAM! (since 2017)
Family Feud (since 2014)
Gogglebox Australia (since 2015)
Have You Been Paying Attention? (since 2013)
Hughesy, We Have a Problem (since 2018)
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (since 2015)
The Living Room (since 2012)
MasterChef Australia (since 2009)
Offspring (2010–2014, since 2016)
Shark Tank (since 2015)
Show Me the Movie! (since 2018)
Sisters (since 2017)
The Wrong Girl (since 2016)
Daytime
Ben's Menu (since 2014)
Everyday Gourmet with Justine Schofield (since 2011)
Good Chef Bad Chef (since 2011)
My Market Kitchen (since 2016)
News
Ten Eyewitness News (since 1965)
The Project (since 2009)
Studio 10 (since 2013)
Sport
RPM (1997–2008, 2011, since 2015)
Weekends
Cruise Mode (since 2016)
Healthy Homes TV (since 2015)
ifish (since 2009)
Mass For You At Home (since 1971)
What's Up Downunder
Upcoming
All Aussie Adventures (2018)
Blind Date (2018)
How to Stay Married (2018)
Street Smart (2018)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_a_Celebrity...Get_Me_Out_of_Here!_(Australian_TV_series)&oldid=838342428"
Categories:
Network Ten shows
2010s Australian television series
2015 Australian television series debuts
Australian reality television series
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
English-language television programs
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows set in South Africa
Hidden categories:
Use Australian English from February 2015
All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English
Use dmy dates from February 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 12:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: I'm a Celebrity - Australian version.jpg

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Granada_Television
mw-redirect
Granada Television

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)

values: ''I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now!'' (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Celebrity chest challenges

values:
/wiki/Social_Media
mw-redirect
Social Media

values: background-color:lightblue; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values: background-color:pink; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values:
/wiki/Freddie_Flintoff
mw-redirect
Freddie Flintoff

values: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 5) (page does not exist)

values: background-color:gold; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values: background-color:silver; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values: background-color:#DDAA77; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values: background-color:lightgreen; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values: background-color:salmon; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

values: background-color:plum; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 15)

values: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 4)

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Template:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)

values: Template talk:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (international)

values: Template talk:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (international)

values: Je suis une célébrité, sortez-moi de là !

values: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (U.S. TV series)

values: Template talk:Australian reality TV shows

values: Married at First Sight (Australian TV series)

values:
/wiki/A%26E_Australia
mw-redirect
A&E Australia

values: List of programs broadcast by Network Ten

values:
/wiki/Mass_For_You_At_Home
mw-redirect
Mass For You At Home

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:2010s Australian television series

values: Category:2015 Australian television series debuts

values: Category:Australian reality television series

values: Category:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!

values: Category:Television series by ITV Studios

values: Category:Television shows set in South Africa

values: Category:Use Australian English from February 2015

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English

values: Category:Use dmy dates from February 2015

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: I’m a Celebrity … Get Me Out of Here! (Australien) – German

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-I_m_a_Celebrity_Get_Me_Out_of_Here_Australian_TV_series rootpage-I_m_a_Celebrity_Get_Me_Out_of_Here_Australian_TV_series skin-vector action-view