text:
This Is Me (Keala Settle song)
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"This Is Me"
Single by Keala Settle
from the album The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Released
October 26, 2017
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2017
Genre
Pop
Length
3:54
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Producer(s)
Greg Wells, Benj Pasek, Justin Paul
"This Is Me" is a song performed by Keala Settle for the film The Greatest Showman. It was released on October 26, 2017, by Atlantic Records as a promotional single from The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.[1] It won the 2017 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards.[2] A second version, performed by American singer Kesha, was released on December 22, 2017.[3]
Following the film's global release, the song charted within the top five in the United Kingdom, the top ten in Australia, Malaysia, and South Korea and the top twenty in Ireland, Belgium (Flanders) and New Zealand.
Contents
[hide]
1 Live performances
2 Charts
3 Certifications
4 Accolades
5 Kesha version
5.1 Chart performance
6 References
7 External links
Live performances[edit]
Settle performed the song live on The Graham Norton Show on February 9, 2018.[4] Later she performed on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on February 21, 2018.[5] She also performed the song at the 90th Academy Awards ceremony on March 4, 2018.
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017–18)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[6]
10
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[7]
31
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[8]
41
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[9]
74
France (SNEP)[10]
52
Germany (Official German Charts)[11]
55
Hungary (Single Top 40)[12]
28
Hungary (Stream Top 40)[13]
39
Ireland (IRMA)[14]
11
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[15]
17
Japan Hot Overseas (Billboard)[16]
1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[17]
92
Malaysia Streaming (RIM)[18]
6
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[19]
13
Portugal (AFP)[20]
61
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[21]
2
Singapore (RIAS)[22]
4
South Korea International Chart (Gaon)[23]
9
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[24]
18
Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan)[25]
3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[26]
60
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[27]
3
US Billboard Hot 100[28]
58
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[29]
40
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[30]
3
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[31]
Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[32]
Gold 40,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[33]
Gold 15,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[34]
Platinum 451,000[35]
United States (RIAA)[36]
Gold 500,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Result
Ref.
Academy Awards March 4, 2018 Best Original Song Nominated [2]
Critics' Choice Movie Awards January 11, 2018 Best Song Nominated [37]
Georgia Film Critics Association January 12, 2018 Best Original Song Nominated [38]
Golden Globe Awards January 7, 2018 Best Original Song – Motion Picture Won [39]
Kesha version[edit]
"This Is Me"
Single by Kesha
Released
December 22, 2017
Genre
Pop
Length
3:50
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Pasek and Paul
Kesha singles chronology
"Learn to Let Go"
(2017) "This Is Me"
(2017) "Woman"
(2018)
"Learn to Let Go"
(2017) "This Is Me"
(2017) "Woman"
(2018)
Kesha's version of the song was released on December 22, 2017.[3] It has charted in Australia at number 71.[40]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2018)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[40]
71
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[41]
55
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Showman". Amazon.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Oscars: 'Shape of Water' Leads With 13 Noms". The Hollywood Reporter. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Reed, Ryan (December 22, 2017). "Hear Kesha's Roaring Cover of 'The Greatest Showman' Song 'This Is Me'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Duncan, Amy (February 9, 2018). "Who is on The Graham Norton Show tonight – guests include Saoirse Ronan, Will & Grace stars and Rob Beckett". Metro. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Braca, Nina (February 21, 2018). "Greatest Showman' Star Keala Settle Sings 'This Is Me' on 'Ellen'". Billboard. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100: February 3, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Japan Hot 100 — March 12, 2018" (in Japanese). Billboard Japan. March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Japan Hot Overseas — March 12, 2018" (in Japanese). Billboard Japan. March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Most Streamed International & Domestic Singles in Malaysia" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Malaysia. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ ""Singapore Top 30 Digital Streaming Chart Week 9"" (PDF). Recording Industry Association (Singapore). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gaon Download Chart – Issue date: 2017.12.24 – 2017.12.30". Gaon Chart. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Veckolista Heatseeker – Vecka 4, 26 januar 2018". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Keala Settle & The Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100: January 27, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (March 12, 2018). "'Coco' Soundtrack Hits Top 40 On Billboard 200 Chart After Oscars, Plus: Gains For Sufjan Stevens & More". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Dance Songs: April 14, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Keala Settle – This Is Me". Music Canada. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Keala Settle and the Greatest Showman Ensemble – This Is Me". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Keala Settle – This Is Me". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved May 25, 2018. Enter This Is Me in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ Myers, Justin (April 5, 2018). "The Official Top 40 biggest songs of 2018 so far". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Keala Settle – This Is Me". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 5, 2018. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Critics' Choice Awards: 'The Shape of Water' Leads With 14 Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. December 6, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 Awards". Georgia Film Critics Association. January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Respers, Lisa. "Golden Globe nominations 2018: The list". cnn.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Ryan, Gavin (February 24, 2018). "Australian Charts: Drake 'God's Plan' Stays At No 1". Noise11. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song (2010s)
"You Haven't Seen the Last of Me" Music & Lyrics by Diane Warren (2010)
"Masterpiece" Music & Lyrics by Madonna, Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry (2011)
"Skyfall" by Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Ordinary Love" by U2 and Danger Mouse (2013)
"Glory" by Common and John Legend (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall" by Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes (2015)
"City of Stars" by Justin Hurwitz, Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"This Is Me" by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2017)
Complete List
(1960s)
(1970s)
(1980s)
(1990s)
(2000s)
(2010s)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=This_Is_Me_(Keala_Settle_song)&oldid=842886367"
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text:
Vertebral column
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Spine (anatomy)" redirects here. For other uses, see Spine.
Vertebral column
The human vertebral column and its regions
Vertebral column of a goat
Details
Latin
Columna vertebralis
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate, in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bones—vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.[1] The vertebral column houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord.
There are about 50,000 species of animals that have a vertebral column.[2] The human vertebral column is one of the most-studied examples.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Vertebrae
1.2 Shape
1.3 Surfaces
1.4 Ligaments
1.5 Development
2 Function
2.1 Spinal cord
3 Clinical significance
3.1 Disease
3.2 Curvature
3.3 Anatomical landmarks
4 Other animals
4.1 Variations in vertebrae
4.2 Regional vertebrae
4.3 Fish and amphibians
4.4 Other vertebrates
4.5 Dinosaurs
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Structure[edit]
In humans vertebral column there are normally thirty-three vertebrae;[3] the upper twenty-four are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx or tailbone. The articulating vertebrae are named according to their region of the spine. There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae and five lumbar vertebrae. The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. The number of those in the cervical region however is only rarely changed.[4]
There are ligaments extending the length of the column at the front and the back, and in between the vertebrae joining the spinous processes, the transverse processes and the vertebral laminae.
Vertebrae[edit]
Main article: Vertebra
Numbering order of the vertebrae of the human spinal column
The vertebrae in the human vertebral column are divided into different regions, which correspond to the curves of the spinal column. The articulating vertebrae are named according to their region of the spine. Vertebrae in these regions are essentially alike, with minor variation. These regions are called the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx. There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae and five lumbar vertebrae. The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. The number of those in the cervical region however is only rarely changed.[4] The vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines are independent bones, and generally quite similar. The vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx are usually fused and unable to move independently. Two special vertebrae are the atlas and axis, on which the head rests.
Anatomy of a vertebra
A typical vertebra consists of two parts: the vertebral body and the vertebral arch. The vertebral arch is posterior, meaning it faces the back of a person. Together, these enclose the vertebral foramen, which contains the spinal cord. Because the spinal cord ends in the lumbar spine, and the sacrum and coccyx are fused, they do not contain a central foramen. The vertebral arch is formed by a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes, four articular, two transverse, and one spinous, the latter also being known as the neural spine. Two transverse processes and one spinous process are posterior to (behind) the vertebral body. The spinous process comes out the back, one transverse process comes out the left, and one on the right. The spinous processes of the cervical and lumbar regions can be felt through the skin.
Above and below each vertebra are joints called facet joints. These restrict the range of movement possible, and are joined by a thin portion of the neural arch called the pars interarticularis. In between each pair of vertebrae are two small holes called intervertebral foramina. The spinal nerves leave the spinal cord through these holes.
Individual vertebrae are named according to their region and position. From top to bottom, the vertebrae are:
Cervical spine: 7 vertebrae (C1–C7)
Thoracic spine: 12 vertebrae (T1–T12)
Lumbar spine: 5 vertebrae (L1–L5)
Sacrum: 5 (fused) vertebrae (S1–S5)
Coccyx: 4 (3–5) (fused) vertebrae (Tailbone)
Shape[edit]
The upper cervical spine has a curve, convex forward, that begins at the axis (second cervical vertebra) at the apex of the odontoid process or dens, and ends at the middle of the second thoracic vertebra; it is the least marked of all the curves. This inward curve is known as a lordotic curve.
A thoracic spine X-ray of a 57 year-old male.
The thoracic curve, concave forward, begins at the middle of the second and ends at the middle of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Its most prominent point behind corresponds to the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra. This curve is known as a kyphotic curve.
The lumbar curve is more marked in the female than in the male; it begins at the middle of the last thoracic vertebra, and ends at the sacrovertebral angle. It is convex anteriorly, the convexity of the lower three vertebrae being much greater than that of the upper two. This curve is described as a lordotic curve.
The sacral curve begins at the sacrovertebral articulation, and ends at the point of the coccyx; its concavity is directed downward and forward as a kyphotic curve.
The thoracic and sacral kyphotic curves are termed primary curves, because they are present in the fetus. The cervical and lumbar curves are compensatory or secondary, and are developed after birth. The cervical curve forms when the infant is able to hold up its head (at three or four months) and to sit upright (at nine months). The lumbar curve forms later from twelve to eighteen months, when the child begins to walk.
Surfaces[edit]
Anterior surface
When viewed from in front, the width of the bodies of the vertebrae is seen to increase from the second cervical to the first thoracic; there is then a slight diminution in the next three vertebrae; below this there is again a gradual and progressive increase in width as low as the sacrovertebral angle. From this point there is a rapid diminution, to the apex of the coccyx.[5]
Posterior surface
From behind, the vertebral column presents in the median line the spinous processes. In the cervical region (with the exception of the second and seventh vertebrae) these are short, horizontal and bifid. In the upper part of the thoracic region they are directed obliquely downward; in the middle they are almost vertical, and in the lower part they are nearly horizontal. In the lumbar region they are nearly horizontal. The spinous processes are separated by considerable intervals in the lumbar region, by narrower intervals in the neck, and are closely approximated in the middle of the thoracic region. Occasionally one of these processes deviates a little from the median line — which can sometimes be indicative of a fracture or a displacement of the spine. On either side of the spinous processes is the vertebral groove formed by the laminae in the cervical and lumbar regions, where it is shallow, and by the laminae and transverse processes in the thoracic region, where it is deep and broad; these grooves lodge the deep muscles of the back. Lateral to the spinous processes are the articular processes, and still more laterally the transverse processes. In the thoracic region, the transverse processes stand backward, on a plane considerably behind that of the same processes in the cervical and lumbar regions. In the cervical region, the transverse processes are placed in front of the articular processes, lateral to the pedicles and between the intervertebral foramina. In the thoracic region they are posterior to the pedicles, intervertebral foramina, and articular processes. In the lumbar region they are in front of the articular processes, but behind the intervertebral foramina.[5]
Lateral surfaces
The sides of the vertebral column are separated from the posterior surface by the articular processes in the cervical and thoracic regions, and by the transverse processes in the lumbar region. In the thoracic region, the sides of the bodies of the vertebrae are marked in the back by the facets for articulation with the heads of the ribs. More posteriorly are the intervertebral foramina, formed by the juxtaposition of the vertebral notches, oval in shape, smallest in the cervical and upper part of the thoracic regions, and gradually increasing in size to the last lumbar. They transmit the special spinal nerves and are situated between the transverse processes in the cervical region, and in front of them in the thoracic and lumbar regions.[5]
Ligaments[edit]
There are different ligaments involved in the holding together of the vertebrae in the column, and in the column's movement. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments extend the length of the vertebral column along the front and back of the vertebral bodies.[6] The interspinous ligaments connect the adjoining spinous processes of the vertebrae.[7] The supraspinous ligament extends the length of the spine running along the back of the spinous processes, from the sacrum to the seventh cervical vertebra.[8] From there it is continuous with the nuchal ligament.
Development[edit]
The striking segmented pattern of the spine is established during embryogenesis when somites are rhythmically added to the posterior of the embryo. Somite formation begins around the third week when the embryo begins gastrulation and continues until around 52 somites are formed. The somites are spheres, formed from the paraxial mesoderm that lies at the sides of the neural tube and they contain the precursors of spinal bone, the vertebrae ribs and some of the skull, as well as muscle, ligaments and skin. Somitogenesis and the subsequent distribution of somites is controlled by a clock and wavefront model acting in cells of the paraxial mesoderm. Soon after their formation, sclerotomes, which give rise to some of the bone of the skull, the vertebrae and ribs, migrate, leaving the remainder of the somite now termed a dermamyotome behind. This then splits to give the myotomes which will form the muscles and dermatomes which will form the skin of the back. Sclerotomes become subdivided into an anterior and a posterior compartment. This subdivision plays a key role in the definitive patterning of vertebrae that form when the posterior part of one somite fuses to the anterior part of the consecutive somite during a process termed resegmentation. Disruption of the somitogenesis process in humans results in diseases such as congenital scoliosis. So far, the human homologues of three genes associated to the mouse segmentation clock, (MESP2, DLL3 and LFNG), have been shown to be mutated in cases of congenital scoliosis, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in vertebral segmentation are conserved across vertebrates. In humans the first four somites are incorporated in the base of the occipital bone of the skull and the next 33 somites will form the vertebrae, ribs, muscles, ligaments and skin.[9] The remaining posterior somites degenerate. During the fourth week of embryogenesis, the sclerotomes shift their position to surround the spinal cord and the notochord. This column of tissue has a segmented appearance, with alternating areas of dense and less dense areas.
As the sclerotome develops, it condenses further eventually developing into the vertebral body. Development of the appropriate shapes of the vertebral bodies is regulated by HOX genes.
The less dense tissue that separates the sclerotome segments develop into the intervertebral discs.
The notochord disappears in the sclerotome (vertebral body) segments, but persists in the region of the intervertebral discs as the nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposus and the fibers of the anulus fibrosus make up the intervertebral disc.
The primary curves (thoracic and sacral curvatures) form during fetal development. The secondary curves develop after birth. The cervical curvature forms as a result of lifting the head and the lumbar curvature forms as a result of walking.
Function[edit]
Spinal cord[edit]
The spinal cord nested in the vertebral column.
Main article: Spinal cord
The vertebral column surrounds the spinal cord which travels within the spinal canal, formed from a central hole within each vertebra. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system that supplies nerves and receives information from the peripheral nervous system within the body. The spinal cord consists of grey and white matter and a central cavity, the central canal. Adjacent to each vertebra emerge spinal nerves. The spinal nerves provide sympathetic nervous supply to the body, with nerves emerging forming the sympathetic trunk and the splanchnic nerves.
The spinal canal follows the different curves of the column; it is large and triangular in those parts of the column which enjoy the greatest freedom of movement, such as the cervical and lumbar regions; and is small and rounded in the thoracic region, where motion is more limited.[citation needed]
The spinal cord terminates in the conus medullaris and cauda equina.
Clinical significance[edit]
Disease[edit]
Spina bifida is a congenital disorder in which there is a defective closure of the vertebral arch. Sometimes the spinal meninges and also the spinal cord can protrude through this, and this is called Spina bifida cystica. Where the condition does not involve this protrusion it is known as Spina bifida occulta. Sometimes all of the vertebral arches may remain incomplete.[10] Another, though rare, congenital disease is Klippel-Feil syndrome which is the fusion of any two of the cervical vertebrae.
Spondylolisthesis is the forward displacement of a vertebra and retrolisthesis is a posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to the adjacent vertebra to a degree less than a dislocation.
Spinal disc herniation, more commonly called a "slipped disc", is the result of a tear in the outer ring (anulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc, which lets some of the soft gel-like material, the nucleus pulposus, bulge out in a hernia.
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal which can occur in any region of the spine though less commonly in the thoracic region. The stenosis can constrict the spinal canal giving rise to a neurological deficit.
Pain at the coccyx (tailbone) is known as coccydynia.[11]
Spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that causes changes in its function, either temporary or permanent.
Curvature[edit]
Excessive or abnormal spinal curvature is classed as a spinal disease or dorsopathy and includes the following abnormal curvatures:
Kyphosis is an exaggerated kyphotic (concave) curvature in the thoracic region, also called hyperkyphosis. This produces the so-called "humpback" or "dowager's hump", a condition commonly resulting from osteoporosis.
Lordosis as an exaggerated lordotic (convex) curvature of the lumbar region, is known as lumbar hyperlordosis and also as "swayback". Temporary lordosis is common during pregnancy.
Scoliosis, lateral curvature, is the most common abnormal curvature, occurring in 0.5% of the population. It is more common among females and may result from unequal growth of the two sides of one or more vertebrae, so that they do not fuse properly. It can also be caused by pulmonary atelectasis (partial or complete deflation of one or more lobes of the lungs) as observed in asthma or pneumothorax.
Kyphoscoliosis, a combination of kyphosis and scoliosis.
Anatomical landmarks[edit]
Surface projections of organs of the torso. The transpyloric line is seen at L1
Individual vertebrae of the human vertebral column can be felt and used as surface anatomy, with reference points are taken from the middle of the vertebral body. This provides anatomical landmarks that can be used to guide procedures such as a lumbar puncture and also as vertical reference points to describe the locations of other parts of human anatomy, such as the positions of organs.
Other animals[edit]
Variations in vertebrae[edit]
The general structure of vertebrae in other animals is largely the same as in humans. Individual vertebrae are composed of a centrum (body), arches protruding from the top and bottom of the centrum, and various processes projecting from the centrum and/or arches. An arch extending from the top of the centrum is called a neural arch, while the haemal arch or chevron is found underneath the centrum in the caudal (tail) vertebrae of fish, most reptiles, some birds, some dinosaurs and some mammals with long tails. The vertebral processes can either give the structure rigidity, help them articulate with ribs, or serve as muscle attachment points. Common types are transverse process, diapophyses, parapophyses, and zygapophyses (both the cranial zygapophyses and the caudal zygapophyses). The centrum of the vertebra can be classified based on the fusion of its elements. In temnospondyls, bones such as the spinous process, the pleurocentrum and the intercentrum are separate ossifications. Fused elements, however, classify a vertebra as having holospondyly.
A vertebra can also be described in terms of the shape of the ends of the centrum. Centra with flat ends are acoelous, like those in mammals. These flat ends of the centra are especially good at supporting and distributing compressive forces. Amphicoelous vertebra have centra with both ends concave. This shape is common in fish, where most motion is limited. Amphicoelous centra often are integrated with a full notochord. Procoelous vertebrae are anteriorly concave and posteriorly convex. They are found in frogs and modern reptiles. Opisthocoelous vertebrae are the opposite, possessing anterior convexity and posterior concavity. They are found in salamanders, and in some non-avian dinosaurs. Heterocoelous vertebrae have saddle-shaped articular surfaces. This type of configuration is seen in turtles that retract their necks, and birds, because it permits extensive lateral and vertical flexion motion without stretching the nerve cord too extensively or wringing it about its long axis.
In horses, the Arabian (breed) can have one less vertebrae and pair of ribs. This anomaly disappears in foals that are the product of an Arabian and another breed of horse.[12]
Regional vertebrae[edit]
Vertebrae are defined by the regions of the vertebral column that they occur in, as in humans. Cervical vertebrae are those in the neck area. With the exception of the two sloth genera (Choloepus and Bradypus) and the manatee genus, (Trichechus),[13] all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae.[14] In other vertebrates, the number of cervical vertebrae can range from a single vertebra in amphibians, to as many as 25 in swans or 76 in the extinct plesiosaur Elasmosaurus. The dorsal vertebrae range from the bottom of the neck to the top of the pelvis. Dorsal vertebrae attached to the ribs are called thoracic vertebrae, while those without ribs are called lumbar vertebrae. The sacral vertebrae are those in the pelvic region, and range from one in amphibians, to two in most birds and modern reptiles, or up to three to five in mammals. When multiple sacral vertebrae are fused into a single structure, it is called the sacrum. The synsacrum is a similar fused structure found in birds that is composed of the sacral, lumbar, and some of the thoracic and caudal vertebra, as well as the pelvic girdle. Caudal vertebrae compose the tail, and the final few can be fused into the pygostyle in birds, or into the coccygeal or tail bone in chimpanzees (and humans).
Fish and amphibians[edit]
A vertebra (diameter 5 mm) of a small ray-finned fish
See also: Fish anatomy § Vertebrae
The vertebrae of lobe-finned fishes consist of three discrete bony elements. The vertebral arch surrounds the spinal cord, and is of broadly similar form to that found in most other vertebrates. Just beneath the arch lies a small plate-like pleurocentrum, which protects the upper surface of the notochord, and below that, a larger arch-shaped intercentrum to protect the lower border. Both of these structures are embedded within a single cylindrical mass of cartilage. A similar arrangement was found in the primitive Labyrinthodonts, but in the evolutionary line that led to reptiles (and hence, also to mammals and birds), the intercentrum became partially or wholly replaced by an enlarged pleurocentrum, which in turn became the bony vertebral body.[15] In most ray-finned fishes, including all teleosts, these two structures are fused with, and embedded within, a solid piece of bone superficially resembling the vertebral body of mammals. In living amphibians, there is simply a cylindrical piece of bone below the vertebral arch, with no trace of the separate elements present in the early tetrapods.[15]
In cartilaginous fish, such as sharks, the vertebrae consist of two cartilaginous tubes. The upper tube is formed from the vertebral arches, but also includes additional cartilaginous structures filling in the gaps between the vertebrae, and so enclosing the spinal cord in an essentially continuous sheath. The lower tube surrounds the notochord, and has a complex structure, often including multiple layers of calcification.[15]
Lampreys have vertebral arches, but nothing resembling the vertebral bodies found in all higher vertebrates. Even the arches are discontinuous, consisting of separate pieces of arch-shaped cartilage around the spinal cord in most parts of the body, changing to long strips of cartilage above and below in the tail region. Hagfishes lack a true vertebral column, and are therefore not properly considered vertebrates, but a few tiny neural arches are present in the tail.[15]
Other vertebrates[edit]
Vertebral anatomy of a human spine
The general structure of human vertebrae is fairly typical of that found in mammals, reptiles, and birds. The shape of the vertebral body does, however, vary somewhat between different groups. In mammals, such as humans, it typically has flat upper and lower surfaces, while in reptiles the anterior surface commonly has a concave socket into which the expanded convex face of the next vertebral body fits. Even these patterns are only generalisations, however, and there may be variation in form of the vertebrae along the length of the spine even within a single species. Some unusual variations include the saddle-shaped sockets between the cervical vertebrae of birds and the presence of a narrow hollow canal running down the centre of the vertebral bodies of geckos and tuataras, containing a remnant of the notochord.[15]
Reptiles often retain the primitive intercentra, which are present as small crescent-shaped bony elements lying between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae; similar structures are often found in the caudal vertebrae of mammals. In the tail, these are attached to chevron-shaped bones called haemal arches, which attach below the base of the spine, and help to support the musculature. These latter bones are probably homologous with the ventral ribs of fish. The number of vertebrae in the spines of reptiles is highly variable, and may be several hundred in some species of snake.[15]
In birds, there is a variable number of cervical vertebrae, which often form the only truly flexible part of the spine. The thoracic vertebrae are partially fused, providing a solid brace for the wings during flight. The sacral vertebrae are fused with the lumbar vertebrae, and some thoracic and caudal vertebrae, to form a single structure, the synsacrum, which is thus of greater relative length than the sacrum of mammals. In living birds, the remaining caudal vertebrae are fused into a further bone, the pygostyle, for attachment of the tail feathers.[15]
Aside from the tail, the number of vertebrae in mammals is generally fairly constant. There are almost always seven cervical vertebrae (sloths and manatees are among the few exceptions), followed by around twenty or so further vertebrae, divided between the thoracic and lumbar forms, depending on the number of ribs. There are generally three to five vertebrae with the sacrum, and anything up to fifty caudal vertebrae.[15]
Dinosaurs[edit]
The vertebral column in dinosaurs consists of the cervical (neck), dorsal (back), sacral (hips), and caudal (tail) vertebrae. Saurischian dinosaur vertebrae sometimes possess features known as pleurocoels, which are hollow depressions on the lateral portions of the vertebrae, perforated to create an entrance into the air chambers within the vertebrae, which served to decrease the weight of these bones without sacrificing strength. These pleurocoels were filled with air sacs, which would have further decreased weight. In sauropod dinosaurs, the largest known land vertebrates, pleurocoels and air sacs may have reduced the animal's weight by over a ton in some instances, a handy evolutionary adaption in animals that grew to over 30 metres in length. In many hadrosaur and theropod dinosaurs, the caudal vertebrae were reinforced by ossified tendons. The presence of three or more sacral vertebrae, in association with the hip bones, is one of the defining characteristics of dinosaurs. The occipital condyle is a structure on the posterior part of a dinosaur's skull which articulates with the first cervical vertebra.[16]
See also[edit]
Anatomy portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vertebral column.
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Low back pain
Neuromechanics of idiopathic scoliosis
Neutral spine
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vertebral column.
Jump up ^ Liem, Karel F.; Warren Franklin Walker (2001). Functional anatomy of the vertebrates: an evolutionary perspective. Harcourt College Publishers. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-03-022369-3.
Jump up ^ David Krogh (2010), Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, p. 333, ISBN 978-0-321-61655-5
Jump up ^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Gray, Henry (1977). Gray's Anatomy. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. p. 34.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gray's Anatomy (1918)
Jump up ^ Nigel Palastanga; Roger W. Soames (2012). Churchill Livingstone, ed. Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function.
Jump up ^ "interspinal ligament". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell ; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students (Pbk. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2.
Jump up ^ Somites, Spinal Ganglia, and Centra Archived July 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Dorland's (2012). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders. p. 1748. ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8.
Jump up ^ Patel, R; Appannagari, A; Whang, P.G. (May 2008). "Coccydynia". Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 1 (3–4): 223–226. doi:10.1007/s12178-008-9028-1. PMC 2682410  . PMID 19468909.
Jump up ^ Edwards, The Arabian, pp. 27–28
Jump up ^ "Sticking Their Necks out for Evolution: Why Sloths and Manatees Have Unusually Long (or Short) Necks". May 6th 2011. Science Daily. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Frietson Galis (1999). "Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes and Cancer" (PDF). Journal of experimental zoology. 285 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990415)285:1<19::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 10327647.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 161–170. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
Jump up ^ Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300. ISBN 1-4051-3413-5.
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George Hill (basketball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other people named George Hill, see George Hill (disambiguation).
George Hill
Hill with the Cavaliers in 2018
No. 3 – Cleveland Cavaliers
Position
Point guard
League
NBA
Personal information
Born
(1986-05-04) May 4, 1986 (age 32)
Indianapolis, Indiana
Nationality
American
Listed height
6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
Listed weight
188 lb (85 kg)
Career information
High school
Broad Ripple (Indianapolis, Indiana)
College
IUPUI (2004–2008)
NBA draft
2008 / Round: 1 / Pick: 26th overall
Selected by the San Antonio Spurs
Playing career
2008–present
Career history
2008–2011
San Antonio Spurs
2011–2016
Indiana Pacers
2016–2017
Utah Jazz
2017–2018
Sacramento Kings
2018–present
Cleveland Cavaliers
Career highlights and awards
Summit League Player of the Year (2008)
Stats at NBA.com
Stats at Basketball-Reference.com
George Jesse Hill Jr. (born May 4, 1986) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). While playing for Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) he received many honors, including Summit League Player of the Year and was an honorable mention All-American his junior season. He was selected 26th overall by the San Antonio Spurs in the 2008 NBA draft.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 College career
2.1 College statistics
3 Professional career
3.1 NBA draft
3.2 San Antonio Spurs (2008–2011)
3.2.1 2008 Summer League
3.2.2 2008–09 season
3.2.3 2009–10 season
3.2.4 2010–11 season
3.3 Indiana Pacers (2011–2016)
3.3.1 2011–12 season
3.3.2 2012–13 season
3.3.3 2013–14 season
3.3.4 2014–15 season
3.3.5 2015–16 season
3.4 Utah Jazz (2016–2017)
3.5 Sacramento Kings (2017–2018)
3.6 Cleveland Cavaliers (2018–present)
4 Player profile
5 NBA career statistics
5.1 Regular season
5.2 Playoffs
6 Personal life
7 Notes
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Early life[edit]
Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Hill looked up to players like Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, and Larry Bird while dreaming of one day playing in the NBA;[1] when asked about his goal of becoming a first-round pick in the 2008 NBA draft, Hill commented: "It's my childhood dream".[2] An only child,[3] Hill attended Broad Ripple High School[4] where he excelled as one of the top high school players in the state and was one of the "Magnificent Seven" from Indianapolis (with Greg Oden, Mike Conley, Jr., Josh McRoberts, Rodney Carney, Eric Gordon, and Courtney Lee).[5] Carney remembers playing against Hill: "This little kid comes in hitting all kinds of 3s, and I was like, 'Who is this little dude?...I knew he was going to be something when I saw this little skinny kid handling the ball and shooting like that."[5] Hill played against every member of the Magnificent Seven except Gordon, who was recovering from a broken wrist during their meetup.[5] He faced off against Oden and Conley during his junior year in high school, and remembers playing pickup games against 10-year-old Gordon when he was 13.[5]
In his senior year, Hill averaged a state-leading 36.2 points per game, the fifth-highest single-season average in Indiana High School Athletic Association history.[6]
College career[edit]
Despite scholarship offers from several big conference schools, including Temple and Indiana, he chose to commit to IUPUI, wishing to stay with his ailing great-grandfather, Gilbert Edison.[7] A few months after he agreed to attend IUPUI, his great-grandfather died, never getting the opportunity to see Hill play basketball at the college level. Following his great-grandfather's advice to always be a man of his word, Hill decided to pass on other offers and stay at IUPUI.[2]
In his sophomore year, he led the IUPUI Jaguars to a tie for the best record in the conference.
Following an injury that forced him to become a redshirt in his third year at IUPUI, Hill returned the next season and led the Jaguars to a school-record 26 wins and the Summit League Tournament finals before losing to eventual champion Oral Roberts University and thus failing to secure a spot in the NCAA tournament.
Not counting Hill's injury-shortened 2006–07 season, the Jaguars were 61–30 during his three seasons at IUPUI.
College statistics[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2004–05 IUPUI 29 21 28.4 52.3 41.2 70.9 4.5 2.2 1.4 0.2 10.7
2005–06 IUPUI 29 29 35.1 51.8 32.0 79.8 6.0 3.6 1.7 0.3 18.9
2006–07 IUPUI 5 5 28.4 50.9 30.8 65.2 5.4 2.0 1.6 0.0 14.6
2007–08 IUPUI 32 32 36.8 54.5 45.0 81.2 6.8 4.3 1.8 0.4 21.5
Career 95 87 33.3 52.9 40.4 78.5 5.8 3.3 1.6 0.3 17.0
Professional career[edit]
NBA draft[edit]
Despite having one year of eligibility left, Hill, wishing to "test the waters", declared himself eligible for the 2008 NBA draft. He left IUPUI as the fifth all-time leading scorer with 1,619 points, and became the second[Note 1] IUPUI player to declare early.[8] Although he had regularly attracted NBA scouts to his college games, he was not projected in most mock drafts largely due to remaining unannounced.[9]
The hard part was putting my name in, knowing I have great teammates and great coaches and if it came down to me leaving, I wouldn't be able to play for the team or the coaches again...The easy thing was, if I put my name in and don't get drafted, I still have the option of coming back and playing for this great university.
—  George Hill, [9]
In the following months, Hill worked out with several NBA teams. After an impressive run at the Orlando pre-draft rookie camp, Hill attracted attention and became a projected second-round selection. On draft night, the San Antonio Spurs surprised many by selecting Hill with their 26th pick in the first round; many expected the Spurs to select Mario Chalmers of Kansas.[10] Hill became the second first-round draft choice in The Summit League's history and the first player ever drafted from IUPUI.[11] On September 23, 2008, the Spurs signed Hill to a standard rookie contract that guaranteed the first two years and included a team option on the next two years.[12]
San Antonio Spurs (2008–2011)[edit]
2008 Summer League[edit]
Las Vegas
On July 14, 2008, in his first summer league game as a Spur, Hill scored 17 points and grabbed 8 rebounds while holding fellow draft pick O. J. Mayo to 5-of-17 shooting en route to a victory for the Spurs.[13] Throughout the summer league Hill struggled with his shooting, making only 2 of 25 shots (8.0%), and one of six three-pointers (16.7%). Hill played in all but one of the four summer league games for the Spurs; he finished averaging 8.0 points, 7.0 rebounds, and 3.0 assists in 31.7 minutes per game.[14][15]
Rocky Mountain Revue
At the Utah Revue, Hill led his team by averaging 12.9 points over four games; however he continued to struggle offensively with his shooting, only making 21.4% of his three-point field goals.[16] In the first of the four games, Hill led all scorers with 21 points and helped the Spurs defeat the Utah Jazz, 82–57. He followed up with a quiet offensive performance, 6 points, in a win against the NBDL Ambassadors, before scoring 18 points in a loss versus the Gerald Green-led Mavericks. In the final game of the Revue, Hill once again struggled with his shooting (1–7) but managed to make key plays with the game on the line. Hill made two clutch free throws with 6.9 seconds left and then forced a turnover on the defensive end to beat the previously undefeated Atlanta Hawks.[17][18]
2008–09 season[edit]
In 2008, Hill joined the San Antonio Spurs and made his NBA debut on November 4 against the Dallas Mavericks in the third game of the season. He had sat out the previous two games due to a sprained left thumb.[19] In 15 minutes of play, Hill finished with 11 points, 1 steal, and 1 assist.[20] Hill initially served as the main reserve at point guard, but after Tony Parker suffered an injury early in the season he was promoted to starter.[21][22] After the return of Parker and Manu Ginóbili, Hill received fewer minutes.[23][24] He finished his rookie season averaging 5.7 points per game, 2.1 rebounds per game, and 1.8 assists per game. Hill made his playoff debut in game 2 of the Spurs first-round series against the Mavs, but only played 5 minutes.
2009–10 season[edit]
Hill in March 2010, defending Jameer Nelson of the Orlando Magic
Hill spent most of his off-season working on his point-guard skills, supervised by player development coach Chad Forcier, and his jump shots with Spurs shooting coach Chip Engelland. Following the advice of former Spur Bruce Bowen, he focused on developing his corner three-point shot. By the time training camp arrived, Hill had converted 8,000 threes.
His hard work during the off-season paid large dividends as soon as the 2009-10 season commenced. Hill saw his minutes increase from 16.5 to 29 a game. He also started in 43 games, most of them while Tony Parker was battling injuries. Hill more than doubled his scoring average, improved his field goal percentage by 7.5 percentage points, and his 3-pt shooting by 7.9 percentage points. On April 1, Hill notched career highs of 30 points, 5 steals, and 7 assists in a home game win against the Houston Rockets.[25] Hill ended the regular season tied at second place with Kevin Durant and Marc Gasol for the Most Improved Player of the Year award. All three garnered a total of 101 points.[26]
The Spurs' first-round playoff series with the Mavs was a breakout series for Hill. He was ineffective in Game 1, scoring 0 points in 17 minutes after coming back from an ankle injury. He shook off his tentativeness in the next few games, scoring 7 and 17 points in Games 2 and 3. Then Hill led the Spurs to a Game 4 victory on a night when the Spurs' Big Three of Duncan, Parker, and Ginobili shot a combined 9-of-34 from the field. Hill scored a career playoff high 29 points, shooting 11-16 from the field and 5-6 from downtown.[27] Hill averaged 22.3 points in the series, helping the Spurs to win the series in six games.
2010–11 season[edit]
Hill in March 2011
On March 28, 2011, Hill matched his career high of 30 points in a 119–114 loss to the Houston Rockets.[28]
Indiana Pacers (2011–2016)[edit]
Hill with the Pacers in March 2014
2011–12 season[edit]
Hill was traded to the Indiana Pacers during the 2011 NBA Draft on June 23, 2011, a trade that sent rights to the 15th overall pick Kawhi Leonard, the 42nd pick, Dāvis Bertāns, and 2005 draftee Erazem Lorbek to the Spurs in exchange for Hill.[29]
Hill started the shortened season as a backup for Darren Collison. On January 31, 2012, Hill left the game against the New Jersey Nets after suffering an ankle injury. The Pacers announced it was a small chip fracture.[30] He missed 12 games with the injury and returned on February 22, against the Charlotte Bobcats. On April 9, 2012, Pacers coach Frank Vogel announced that Hill would start for the injured Collison. Although Collison returned from the injury, Hill remained a starter for the rest of the season. Hill finished the season averaging 9.6 points per game with a field goal percentage of .442.
During their first-round playoff series against the Orlando Magic, Hill scored double-digits in all five games as the Pacers advanced to the Eastern Conferences Semifinal. Facing the Miami Heat in the Conference Semifinals, Hill scored a playoff high 20 points and 5 assists in game 3. The Heat won the next 3 games, advancing to the Conference Finals and eventually becoming NBA champions.
2012–13 season[edit]
On July 13, 2012, Hill re-signed with the Pacers to a reported five-year, $40 million contract.[31]
During the 2012–13 season, Hill made a game-winning floater against the Toronto Raptors and a game-winning layup over the outstretched arms of Dwight Howard against the Los Angeles Lakers.
2013–14 season[edit]
Hill had the best game of his NBA career on February 7, 2014 when he scored a career-high 37 points against the Portland Trail Blazers along with 9 rebounds and 8 assists including a game-tying three-pointer to force the game to overtime.[32]
2014–15 season[edit]
After missing the first 28 games of the season with a left knee injury, Hill returned to action on December 23 against the New Orleans Pelicans. In just over 21 minutes of action off the bench, he recorded 15 points, 4 rebounds, 3 assists and 1 steal in the 96-84 win.[33]
On February 27, 2015, Hill recorded his first career triple-double with 15 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists in a 93-86 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers.[34] On March 14, he scored a season-high 30 points in an 89-93 loss to the Boston Celtics.[35]
2015–16 season[edit]
On February 19, 2016, Hill had nine points and nine assists and matched a career-high with 11 rebounds in the Pacers' 101–98 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder.[36]
Utah Jazz (2016–2017)[edit]
On July 7, 2016, Hill was traded to the Utah Jazz in a three-team deal involving the Pacers and the Atlanta Hawks.[37] He made his debut for the Jazz in their season opener on October 25 against the Portland Trail Blazers, recording 19 points and six assists in a 113–104 loss.[38] On November 7, he was named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, October 31 through Sunday, November 6. Hill helped the Jazz to a 3–1 week behind averages of 20.8 points, 5.8 assists and 3.3 rebounds.[39] On November 23, he scored 22 points in his return from an eight-game absence, as the Jazz snapped a four-game losing streak with a 108–83 win over the Denver Nuggets.[40] On December 29, he returned to action against the Philadelphia 76ers after missing 13 games with a sprained toe.[41] On January 21, 2017, he scored a season-high 30 points in a 109–100 win over the Pacers.[42] On March 3, 2017, he set a new season high with 34 points in a 112–97 win over the Brooklyn Nets.[43]
Sacramento Kings (2017–2018)[edit]
On July 10, 2017, Hill signed a three-year deal worth a reported $57 million with the Sacramento Kings.[44] The deal was fully guaranteed for its first two seasons, with only $1 million guaranteed for the 2019–20 season.[45]
Cleveland Cavaliers (2018–present)[edit]
On February 8, 2018, Hill was acquired by the Cleveland Cavaliers in a three-team trade that also involved the Kings and the Utah Jazz.[46] The Cavaliers won the Eastern Conference championship and were defeated in the 2018 NBA Finals by the Golden State Warriors.
Player profile[edit]
On draft day, ESPN reported that Hill had a 6'9" wingspan.[47] Hill's athleticism, length, and strength are among his greatest assets; going into the NBA he was said to have "NBA-ready" defense but to still need improvement offensively.[48]
Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich said, "He does a little bit of everything. The great thing about him is that he's a very good all-around basketball player, he's a tenacious defender, he can score, he can run, he's a good passer, he knows how to play and he's really a team guy".[49] When asked on multiple occasions which current NBA player he most resembled, Hill picked Monta Ellis, adding that he saw himself as a combo guard and an energy player who enjoys playing defense and getting into the passing lanes.[1][50] Hill was drafted by the Spurs to back up All-Star Tony Parker at point guard.[48]
NBA career statistics[edit]
Legend
GP Games played GS Games started MPG Minutes per game
FG% Field goal percentage 3P% 3-point field goal percentage FT% Free throw percentage
RPG Rebounds per game APG Assists per game SPG Steals per game
BPG Blocks per game PPG Points per game Bold Career high
Regular season[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2008–09 San Antonio 77 7 16.5 .403 .329 .781 2.1 1.8 .6 .3 5.7
2009–10 San Antonio 78 43 29.2 .478 .399 .772 2.6 2.9 .9 .3 12.4
2010–11 San Antonio 76 5 28.3 .453 .377 .863 2.6 2.5 .9 .3 11.6
2011–12 Indiana 50 9 25.5 .442 .367 .778 3.0 2.9 .8 .3 9.6
2012–13 Indiana 76 76 34.5 .443 .368 .817 3.7 4.7 1.1 .3 14.2
2013–14 Indiana 76 76 32.0 .442 .365 .807 3.7 3.5 1.0 .3 10.3
2014–15 Indiana 43 36 29.5 .477 .358 .790 4.2 5.1 1.0 .3 16.1
2015–16 Indiana 74 73 34.1 .441 .406 .760 4.0 3.5 1.1 .2 12.1
2016–17 Utah 49 49 31.5 .477 .403 .801 3.4 4.2 1.0 .2 16.9
2017–18 Sacramento 43 36 26.6 .469 .453 .778 2.7 2.8 .9 .3 10.3
2017–18 Cleveland 24 24 27.9 .444 .351 .805 2.7 2.8 .9 .6 9.4
Career 666 434 28.8 .453 .383 .800 3.2 3.3 .9 .3 11.6
Playoffs[edit]
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
2009 San Antonio 4 0 19.0 .333 .375 .857 2.0 .5 .5 .3 5.8
2010 San Antonio 10 8 34.4 .451 .379 .838 3.1 .7 1.0 .2 13.4
2011 San Antonio 6 1 31.5 .400 .267 .867 5.0 2.3 1.5 .3 11.7
2012 Indiana 11 11 31.5 .448 .375 .848 2.3 2.9 1.2 .3 13.5
2013 Indiana 18 18 38.1 .401 .358 .829 3.7 4.3 1.2 .2 14.6
2014 Indiana 19 19 36.2 .444 .364 .721 3.7 3.0 1.2 .2 12.1
2016 Indiana 7 7 33.6 .561 .481 .818 2.7 2.1 .9 .1 13.6
2017 Utah 8 8 35.1 .469 .387 .724 4.1 3.6 .3 .1 15.6
2018 Cleveland 19 18 29.3 .450 .314 .774 2.2 2.2 .5 .4 9.2
Career 102 90 33.3 .442 .365 .801 3.2 2.7 1.0 .3 12.4
Personal life[edit]
On January 16, 2016, Hill's girlfriend, Samantha, gave birth to the couple's first child, Zayden Jaxon Hill.[51] On January 4, 2018, Samantha gave birth to their second child, Zoë Jessie Hill. Hill received his diploma from IUPUI from the School of Liberal Arts on May 12, 2018. He was one of two student speakers to address the new graduates.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Carlos Knox was the first IUPUI player to declare early (1997) but would later withdraw his name.[8]
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Video: Spurs introduce 2008 Draft Picks. nba.com/spurs, July 10, 2008. Accessed July 29, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Matt Baker. IUPUI's George Hill dreams of having his name called indystar.com, June 26, 2008. - Archived at Webcite
Jump up ^ Maurice M. McKiernan. IUPUI's George Hill: the man behind the stats jagbytes.com, February 20, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ Indianapolis Public Schools. 2004 BRHS Graduate Hill Picked in First Round of NBA Draft headlines.ips.k12.in.us - Archived at WebCite
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rabjohns, Jeff. "Magnificent Seven - Oden. Conley. McRoberts. Carney. Hill. Lee. And Gordon. Indy high school rivals, now NBA colleagues, take us back to beginning. They recall classic games back in high school -- and even elementary school", Indianapolis Star, The (IN). Final Edition, Sports, D01. (ind138231025)
Jump up ^ 2007–2008 Men's Basketball Roster iupuijags.com. - Archived at Webcite
Jump up ^ Hill a prototypical Spur: College coach recounts examples of toughness, talent, loyalty, desire mysanantonio.com June 27, 2008 - Archived at WebCite
^ Jump up to: a b "IUPUI's Hill declares for NBA draft", The Associated Press State & Local Wire. May 1, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Jeff Rabjohns (May 1, 2008). "IUPUI's Hill to test his NBA value". Indianapolis Star, The (IN) FINAL EDITION ed., D02. Retrieved November 6, 2008 from NewsBank on-line database (Access World News) on the World Wide Web: <infoweb.newsbank.com>. (ID: ind131429991)
Jump up ^ Wallace, Michael. "Miami Heat's Chalmers feels at home in San Antonio", The Miami Herald. November 08, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ed Holdaway. "Hill picked 26th overall by the San Antonio Spurs" iupuijags.com, June 25, 2006. Accessed July 12, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ Cliff Brunt, Spurs sign George Hill sports.yahoo.com, September 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Mike Monroe. Spurs' Hill holds own against Mayo in summer league debut mysanantonio.com, July 15, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ George Hill (2008 Summer League Statistics) nba.com, Accessed July 21, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ Mike Monroe. Spurs' Hill makes date to fix his wayward shot mysanantonio.com, July 17, 2008. Accessed July 21, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ Tim Buckley. Warriors' Morrow named MVP of the Revue espn.com, July 26, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ "2008 RMR Schedule" nba.com/jazz/Renue, July 18-July 25.
Jump up ^ "08 RMR Day 4: Atlanta vs. San Antonio" nba.com/jazz/Revue, July 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ Finger, Mike. This time, Hill prepared to answer call, Mysanantonio.com, November 05, 2008.
Jump up ^ NBA Mavericks at Spurs Boxscore, NBA.com, Nov 04, 2008.
Jump up ^ " Spurs' Parker out one month for ankle sprain ", China View (xinhuanet.com) Nov 11, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Parker injured early in game", Sports Illustrated November 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ Monroe, Mike. "Late surge propels Spurs past Rockets", San Antonio Express News. November 14, 2008. (Accessed November 15, 2008)
Jump up ^ San Antonio(AP)."Duncan scores 22 points, leads the Spurs to another home victory", NBA.com, November 14, 2008
Jump up ^ McDonald, Jeff "Hill leads Spurs past Rockets" MySA.com, April 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Duncan, Chris "Rockets G Brooks NBA's most improved player" Yahoo! Sports, April 22, 2010
Jump up ^ "Spurs vs. Mavs, Game 4 boxscore" Yahoo! Sports
Jump up ^ Spurs-Grizzlies notebook
Jump up ^ Pacers acquire guard George Hill
Jump up ^ George Hill Injury: Pacers Guard Out Indefinitely With Chip Fracture In Ankle
Jump up ^ Pacers re-sign Roy Hibbert, George Hill
Jump up ^ George Hill scores 37 as Pacers win 118-113 in overtime
Jump up ^ Hill leads Pacers over Pelicans 96-84
Jump up ^ Surging Pacers hold off short-handed Cavaliers 93-86
Jump up ^ Celtics take control early, then hold off Pacers 93-89
Jump up ^ Ellis scores 27 as Pacers beat Thunder 101-98
Jump up ^ "Jazz Acquire George Hill from Indiana". NBA.com. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lillard scores 39, Blazers run home-opening win streak to 16". ESPN.com. October 26, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LeBron James, George Hill named NBA Players of the Week". NBA.com. November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hill scores 22 in return, Jazz beat Nuggets 108-83". ESPN.com. November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hill scores 21 in return, Jazz top 76ers 100-83 with big 4th". ESPN.com. December 29, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hill scores 30 vs. former team as Jazz beat Pacers 109-100". ESPN.com. January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hill scores 34, Jazz beat Nets 112-97 in wire-to-wire win". ESPN.com. March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kings Sign George Hill". NBA.com. July 10, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cleveland Cavaliers acquire Rodney Hood, George Hill in 3-team trade with Utah Jazz, Sacramento Kings". ESPN.com. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cavaliers Acquire George Hill and Rodney Hood in Three-Team Trade". NBA.com. February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Thorpe, David (December 10, 2008). "Rookie Watch: Welcome, Westbrook". Weekly Rookie Rankings for ESPN. Retrieved 2008-12-11. However, he has a 6-foot-9 wingspan, which allows him to extend his arm past defenders.
^ Jump up to: a b Tim Buckley. Hill takes first steps in climbing the Spurs' ladder espn.com, July 23, 2008. - Archived at WebCite
Jump up ^ Spurs 2008 Draft : Spurs Head Coach Gregg Popovich youtube.com, (Video: coach Popovich talking about George Hill).
Jump up ^ Radio: George Hill on STSA radio.woai.com, Accessed July 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ George Hill to return to Pacers after birth of his son
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Hill.
Career statistics and player information from NBA.com, or Basketball-Reference.com
NBA Draft profile
DraftExpress.com profile
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Cleveland Cavaliers current roster
0 Love
1 Hood
2 Sexton
3 Hill
5 Smith
8 Clarkson
9 White
10 Holland (TW)
13 Thompson
16 Osman
20 Preston (TW)
21 Perkins
22 Nance
26 Korver
41 Žižić
Head coach: Lue
Assistant coaches: Drew
Geriot
Jones
Longabardi
Posey
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2008 NBA draft
First round
Derrick Rose
Michael Beasley
O. J. Mayo
Russell Westbrook
Kevin Love
Danilo Gallinari
Eric Gordon
Joe Alexander
D. J. Augustin
Brook Lopez
Jerryd Bayless
Jason Thompson
Brandon Rush
Anthony Randolph
Robin Lopez
Marreese Speights
Roy Hibbert
JaVale McGee
JJ Hickson
Alexis Ajinça
Ryan Anderson
Courtney Lee
Kosta Koufos
Serge Ibaka
Nicolas Batum
George Hill
Darrell Arthur
Donté Greene
D. J. White
J. R. Giddens
Second round
Nikola Peković
Walter Sharpe
Joey Dorsey
Mario Chalmers
DeAndre Jordan
Ömer Aşık
Luc Mbah a Moute
Kyle Weaver
Sonny Weems
Chris Douglas-Roberts
Nathan Jawai
Sean Singletary
Patrick Ewing Jr.
Ante Tomić
Goran Dragić
Trent Plaisted
Bill Walker
Malik Hairston
Richard Hendrix
DeVon Hardin
Shan Foster
Darnell Jackson
Tadija Dragićević
Maarty Leunen
Mike Taylor
Sasha Kaun
James Gist
Joe Crawford
Deron Washington
Semih Erden
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Summit League Men's Basketball Player of the Year
1983: Dykstra
1984: Lathen
1985: Collins
1986: Collins
1987: Garland
1988: McFadden
1989: Taylor
1990: Campbell
1991: Bennett
1992: Bennett
1993: Edwards
1994: Williams
1995: Redmon
1996: Allison
1997: Drew
1998: Drew
1999: Wilkerson
2000: Jackson
2001: Monaco
2002: Bartoň
2003: Helms
2004: Bradley
2005: Green
2006: Green
2007: Green
2008: Hill
2009: Woodside
2010: Benson
2011: Benson
2012: Morrison
2013: Wolters
2014: Braun
2015: Alexander
2016: Landis
2017: Daum
2018: Daum
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Hill_(basketball)&oldid=849424287"
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