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Overtime (ice hockey)
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Overtime is a method of determining a winner in an ice hockey game when the score is tied after regulation. The main methods of determining a winner in a tied game are the overtime period (commonly referred to as overtime), the shootout, or a combination of both. If league rules dictate a finite time in which overtime may be played, with no penalty shoot-out to follow, the game's winning team may or may not be necessarily determined.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overtime periods
1.1 North American overtime
1.2 International overtime
2 Shootout
2.1 International shootouts
2.2 North American shootouts
2.3 Tactics
3 List of notable overtime games
3.1 NHL
3.1.1 Notable NHL playoff overtime games
3.2 Swedish hockey
3.3 KHL
3.4 Olympics – Men's Gold Medal Game
3.5 Olympics – Women's Gold Medal Game
3.6 Czech hockey
3.7 DEL
3.8 Norwegian hockey
3.9 Notable minor league, college and junior overtimes
3.9.1 AHL
3.9.2 Canadian Interuniversity Sport – men
3.9.3 Canadian Interuniversity Sport – women
3.9.4 ECHL
3.9.5 International Hockey League
3.9.6 VHL
3.9.7 NCAA
3.9.8 NCAA Women
3.9.9 Canadian Hockey League
3.9.10 2007 RBC Cup – Canadian Jr A Championship
3.9.11 OPJHL
3.9.12 GHJHL
3.9.13 High school
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Overtime periods[edit]
Overtime periods are extra periods beyond the third regulation period during a game, where normal hockey rules apply. Although in the past, full-length overtime periods were played, overtimes today are golden goal (a form of sudden death), meaning that the game ends immediately when a player scores a goal.
North American overtime[edit]
From November 21, 1942,[1] when overtime was eliminated due to war time restrictions and continuing until the 1983–84 season, all NHL regular-season games tied after 60 minutes of play ended as ties. On June 23, 1983, the NHL introduced a regular-season overtime period of five minutes. If the five-minute overtime period ended with no scoring, the game ended as a tie (the World Hockey Association had used a 10-minute regular season overtime period, as had the NHL prior to World War II). In the first games to go to overtime, on October 5, 1983, the Minnesota North Stars and Los Angeles Kings skated to a 3–3 tie, and the Detroit Red Wings and Winnipeg Jets tied 6–6. The first regular-season game decided by overtime was on October 8, 1983, as the New York Islanders beat the Washington Capitals 8–7.[2]
In 1987–88 and since 1995, the American Hockey League has awarded teams one point in the standings for an overtime loss (OTL). In 1998, the AHL introduced a rule where teams will play the five-minute overtime period with four skaters and a goaltender, rather than at full strength (five skaters), except in two-man advantage situations. In a two-man advantage situation, the team with the advantage will play with five skaters against three skaters. The rule was popular and adopted by the NHL and ECHL the next season.
Alex Ovechkin has the record for most NHL overtime goals with 20.
In the Stanley Cup playoffs and in all one-game playoffs, overtime periods are played like regulation periods except for the golden goal rule – in an overtime period, the game ends when one team scores a goal; the teams are at full strength (five skaters, barring penalties), there is no shootout, and each overtime period is 20 minutes with full intermissions between overtime periods. Three of the game's legendary players, Mark Messier (109 playoff goals), Mario Lemieux (77 goals), and Gordie Howe (68 goals) never scored a playoff overtime goal.
In many leagues (including the NHL for regular-season games since the 2005–06 season) and in international competitions, a failure to reach a decision in a single overtime may lead to a shootout. Some leagues may eschew overtime periods altogether and end games in shootout should teams be tied at the end of regulation. In the ECHL, regular season overtime periods are played four on four for one five-minute period. In the Southern Professional Hockey League, regular season overtime periods are played three on three for one five-minute period, with penalties resulting in the opponents skating one additional player on ice (up to two additional players) for the penalty for the first three minutes, and a penalty shot in the final two minutes. The AHL, since the 2014–15 season, extended the overtime to seven minutes, with the last three minutes reduced further to three men aside and teams getting an additional skater for each opponent's penalty.[3] The idea of using 3-on-3 skaters for the entirety of a five-minute overtime period for a regular season game was adopted by the NHL on June 24, 2015, for use in the 2015–16 NHL season.[4]
International overtime[edit]
In IIHF play, rules for overtime depend on the stage of the competition. For a round robin or preliminary round game that goes to overtime, the teams will play a maximum of five minutes of 3-on-3 hockey in the "golden goal" format. If no one scores in the five minute overtime, a three-round shootout will decide the winner. In the case of a playoff game or a bronze medal game, the teams will play a maximum of ten minutes of 4-on-4 hockey in the "golden goal" format. If there is no score in the overtime, a five-round shootout will decide the winner. If the gold medal game of a top category IIHF championship goes to overtime, the teams will play a maximum of twenty minutes of 5-on-5 hockey in the "golden goal" format. If there is no winner after the overtime, a five-round shootout will decide the winner. In all cases, the teams must change ends, and defend the same side that they did in the second period.[5]
Shootout[edit]
International shootouts[edit]
In international competition, shootouts (or more formally, game-winning shots (GWS), and, in some European countries, bullets, or bullits[6][7]), are often used. Each coach selects three skaters from their team to take penalty shots one at a time against the opposing goaltender, with teams alternating shots. Each team gets one shot per round. The winner is the team with more goals after three rounds or the team that amasses an unreachable advantage before then (ex. a team gains a two-goal lead with only one round left). If the shootout is tied after three rounds, tie-breaker rounds are played one at a time (with each team taking one additional shot) until there is a winner.
The IIHF first adopted the game-winning-shot procedure in 1992 when a new playoff procedure in the Winter Olympics and World Championships required a winner for each game. At that time, the shootout was five rounds and only used for knock-out games. In 2006, it was reduced to three rounds and used for all games, eliminating the possibility of tied games at IIHF events. Tie-breaker rounds are still used as needed, and the same or new players can take the tie-break shots, which is also done in reverse order.[8] As of May 2016, all IIHF preliminary round games that are not decided by overtime, are decided by a three-round shootout. However, all playoff, bronze medal games and gold medal games of IIHF top level championships (especially the Olympics) are decided by five round shootouts.[5]
North American shootouts[edit]
Most lower minor leagues (ECHL, Central, UHL) have featured a shootout where, at the end of regulation, a shootout similar to the international tournament format is used.
However, in 2000, the ECHL adopted the AHL's four-on-four overtime before the shootout.
For the 2004–05 AHL season, the AHL adopted a five-man shootout, which was first used in that league in 1986–87. The standard five-man shootout is used after four-on-four overtime for all minor leagues in North America. The AHL switched to the NHL formatted three-man shootout for the 2014–15 season.[3]
The Central Collegiate Hockey Association added the shootout as of the 2008–09 season.
Following the lead of minor leagues, as of the 2005–06 season, the NHL ends exhibition and regular season games still tied after a five-minute-length, three-skaters-per-side overtime period (as of the 2015–16 NHL season onwards) with a shootout. The NHL format is a three-round shootout with tiebreaker rounds as needed. All skaters (except goalies) on a team's roster must shoot before any player can shoot a second time. On December 16, 2014 the longest shootout in NHL history went to 20 rounds before Nick Bjugstad of the Florida Panthers scored to defeat the Washington Capitals; the previous record was 15 rounds.[9]
The shootout is not used in the playoffs for any North American league. Instead, full 20-minute overtime periods are played until one team scores a goal.
In the National Hockey League and American Hockey League All-Star Skills Competitions, the competition ends in a penalty shootout known as the Breakaway Relay.
Tactics[edit]
Tactics are very important during penalty shots and overtime shootouts for both the shooter and the goalie. Both shooters and goalies commonly consult their teammates and coaches for advice on the opposing player's style of play. Shooters often consider the goalie's strengths and weaknesses (such as a fast glove or stick save), preferred goaltending style (such as butterfly or stand-up) and method of challenging the shooter. Goaltenders often consider the shooter's shot preference, expected angle of attack, a patented move a shooter commonly uses and even handedness of the shooter.
Most shooters attempt to out-deke the goalie in order to create a better scoring chance. Former Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk and New York Rangers forward Martin St. Louis are examples of players who commonly use this tactic. However, it is not uncommon for a shooter to simply shoot for an opening without deking. This is commonly referred to as sniping. This is most commonly performed when a goalie challenges a shooter by giving them an open hole (by keeping a glove, pad or stick out of position or being out of sound goaltending position altogether to tempt the shooter to aim for the given opening). Former NHL forwards Markus Näslund and Brett Hull are two players commonly referred to as snipers. Very rarely a shooter may take a slapshot or wrist shot from the point or top of the slot. This is almost exclusively performed when a shooter either has a high level of confidence in their shot or they attempt to catch the goalie by surprise. Retired player Brian Rolston, Detroit Red Wings winger Todd Bertuzzi, Philadelphia Flyers defenseman Chris Pronger, and Vancouver Canucks winger Daniel Sedin have all used this tactic with success.
List of notable overtime games[edit]
The longest overtime game in history was an in Norwegian GET-ligaen. The game ended after 157:14 of overtime, in the 8th overtime period.
NHL[edit]
This is a list of all National Hockey League (NHL) overtime games that went into at least three overtimes (winning team is bold).
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date
Scorer
Arena
1. 6th 116:30 Detroit Red Wings 1–0 Montreal Maroons March 24, 1936 Mud Bruneteau Montreal Forum
2. 6th 104:46 Boston Bruins 0–1 Toronto Maple Leafs April 3, 1933 † Ken Doraty Maple Leaf Gardens
3. 5th 92:01 Philadelphia Flyers 2–1 Pittsburgh Penguins May 4, 2000 Keith Primeau Mellon Arena
4. 5th 80:48 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim 4–3 Dallas Stars April 24, 2003 Petr Sykora American Airlines Center
5. 4th 79:15 Pittsburgh Penguins 3–2 Washington Capitals April 24, 1996 Petr Nedved USAir Arena
6. 4th 78:06 Dallas Stars 4–5 Vancouver Canucks April 11, 2007 Henrik Sedin General Motors Place
7. 4th 70:18 Toronto Maple Leafs 3–2 Detroit Red Wings March 23, 1943 Jack McLean Detroit Olympia
8. 4th 69:03 San Jose Sharks 1–2 Dallas Stars May 4, 2008 † Brenden Morrow American Airlines Center
9. 5th[10] 68:52 New York Rangers 1–2 Montreal Canadiens March 28, 1930 Gus Rivers Montreal Forum
10. 4th 68:47 New York Islanders 3–2 Washington Capitals April 18, 1987 †† (See page) Pat LaFontaine Capital Centre
11. 4th 65:43 New Jersey Devils 0–1 Buffalo Sabres April 27, 1994 Dave Hannan Buffalo Memorial Auditorium
12. 4th 61:09 Montreal Canadiens 3–2 Detroit Red Wings March 27, 1951 Maurice Richard Detroit Olympia
13. 4th 60:40 New York Americans 3–2 New York Rangers March 27, 1938 Lorne Carr Madison Square Garden
14. 3rd 59:32 New York Rangers 4–3 Montreal Canadiens March 26, 1932 Fred Cook Montreal Forum
15. 3rd 59:25 Boston Bruins 2–1 New York Rangers March 21, 1939 Mel Hill Madison Square Garden
16. 3rd 57:34 Dallas Stars 3–2 Edmonton Oilers April 27, 1999 † Joe Nieuwendyk Skyreach Centre
17. 3rd 56:12 Chicago Blackhawks 3–2 Anaheim Ducks May 19, 2015 Marcus Krüger Honda Center
18. 3rd 55:13 Edmonton Oilers 3–2 Boston Bruins May 15, 1990* Petr Klima Boston Garden
19. 3rd 54:51 Dallas Stars 2–1 Buffalo Sabres June 19, 1999** † Brett Hull Marine Midland Arena
20. 3rd 54:47 Detroit Red Wings 3–2 Carolina Hurricanes June 8, 2002* Igor Larionov Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena
21. 3rd 54:41 New York Rangers 2–1 Washington Capitals May 2, 2012 Marian Gaborik Verizon Center
22. 3rd 53:54 Philadelphia Flyers 3–2 Toronto Maple Leafs April 16, 2003 Mark Recchi Air Canada Centre
23. 3rd 53:50 Chicago Blackhawks 3–2 Montreal Canadiens April 9, 1931* Cy Wentworth Montreal Forum
24. 3rd 52:12 Montreal Canadiens 1–2 Chicago Blackhawks March 26, 1961 Murray Balfour Chicago Stadium
25. 3rd 52:08 Boston Bruins 3–4 Chicago Blackhawks June 12, 2013* Andrew Shaw United Center
26. 3rd 51:49 Detroit Red Wings 2–1 Montreal Canadiens April 1, 1937 Hec Kilrea Montreal Forum
27. 3rd 51:43 Chicago Blackhawks 2–2[11] Montreal Canadiens March 26, 1930 Howie Morenz Montreal Forum
T28. 3rd 51:12 Tampa Bay Lightning 1–2 New Jersey Devils May 2, 2003 † Grant Marshall Continental Airlines Arena
T28. 3rd 51:12 San Jose Sharks 3–4 Nashville Predators May 5, 2016 Mike Fisher Bridgestone Arena
30. 3rd 50:02 Chicago Blackhawks 2–1 Calgary Flames April 23, 1996 † Joe Murphy Canadian Airlines Saddledome
31. 3rd 49:57 Pittsburgh Penguins 4–3 Detroit Red Wings June 2, 2008* Petr Sykora Joe Louis Arena
32. 3rd 48:00 New York Rangers 1–2 Boston Bruins April 2, 1939 Mel Hill Boston Garden
33. 3rd 47:37 New Jersey Devils 3–4 Montreal Canadiens April 24, 1997 Patrice Brisebois Molson Centre
34. 3rd 47:06 Ottawa Senators 4–3 Pittsburgh Penguins April 22, 2010 Matt Carkner Mellon Arena
35. 3rd 46:21 Dallas Stars 1–0 New Jersey Devils June 8, 2000* Mike Modano Continental Airlines Arena
36. 2nd[12] 45:35 Boston Bruins 2–1 Montreal Maroons March 20, 1930 Harry Oliver Montreal Forum
37. 3rd 44:52 Montreal Canadiens 1–2 Detroit Red Wings March 22, 1949 Max McNab Detroit Olympia
38. 3rd 44:33 Colorado Avalanche 3–2 Chicago Blackhawks May 8, 1996 Joe Sakic United Center
39. 3rd 44:31 Colorado Avalanche 1–0 Florida Panthers June 10, 1996** † Uwe Krupp Miami Arena
40. 3rd 44:30 Ottawa Senators 2–3 Toronto Maple Leafs May 4, 2002 Gary Roberts Air Canada Centre
41. 3rd 44:03 Tampa Bay Lightning 2–1 Washington Capitals April 20, 2003 † Martin St. Louis MCI Center
42. 3rd 43:18 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim 2–1 Detroit Red Wings April 10, 2003 Paul Kariya Joe Louis Arena
43. 3rd 43:00 Toronto Maple Leafs 5–4 Detroit Red Wings March 27, 1960 Frank Mahovlich Detroit Olympia
44. 3rd 42:28 Vancouver Canucks 5–4 Calgary Flames April 17, 2004 Brendan Morrison Pengrowth Saddledome
45. 3rd 42:24 San Jose Sharks 2–3 Edmonton Oilers May 10, 2006 Shawn Horcoff Rexall Place
46. 3rd 42:20 Montreal Canadiens 1–0 Detroit Red Wings March 29, 1951 Maurice Richard Detroit Olympia
47. 3rd 41:31 Mighty Ducks of Anaheim 2–3 Detroit Red Wings May 4, 1997 Vyacheslav Kozlov Joe Louis Arena
48. 3rd 41:19 Chicago Blackhawks 2–3 New York Rangers April 29, 1971 Pete Stemkowski Madison Square Garden
49. 3rd 41:15 Anaheim Ducks 4–3 Detroit Red Wings May 3, 2009 Todd Marchant Joe Louis Arena
50. 3rd 41:00 Nashville Predators 2–3 Chicago Blackhawks April 21, 2015 Brent Seabrook United Center
51. 3rd 40:26 Chicago Blackhawks 3–4 St. Louis Blues April 17, 2014 Alexander Steen Scottrade Center
*Stanley Cup Finals game
**Stanley Cup winning goal
† Series-Clinching Goal
†† Game 7
Notable NHL playoff overtime games[edit]
March 24, 1936: The Detroit Red Wings' Mud Bruneteau ends the longest Stanley Cup playoff game to date, scoring the game's only goal in a 1–0 victory over the Montreal Maroons. The goal comes at 16:30 of sextuple overtime for a total of 176:30 of game play. It is also the longest NHL ice hockey game ever played. The game is a mere 3:30 short of the equivalent of playing three games back-to-back-to-back.
February 4, 1939: The Boston Bruins' Mel Hill scores his third overtime goal of the Bruins' Stanley Cup semi-final series against the New York Rangers, setting an unsurpassed (as of now) NHL record for most overtime goals in a single playoff series, earning him the nickname thereafter of "Sudden Death" Hill. The series itself involves four overtime games, two of which go to triple overtime.
April 23, 1950: Pete Babando scores at 8:31 of double overtime to give the Detroit Red Wings a 4–3 win in the seventh game of the 1950 Stanley Cup Finals over the New York Rangers. It is the first time that a seventh game of a Final series goes to overtime.
April 21, 1951: Bill Barilko scores at 2:53 of overtime to give the Toronto Maple Leafs a 3–2 win in the fifth game of the 1951 Stanley Cup Finals over the Montreal Canadiens. All five games in the series need to have overtime to be decided.
April 16, 1954: Tony Leswick's shot hit Montreal Canadiens' defenceman Doug Harvey's glove and went into the net at 4:20 of overtime to give the Detroit Red Wings a 2–1 win in the seventh game of the 1954 Stanley Cup Finals over the Canadiens. No seventh game of a Final series has gone to overtime since.
April 23, 1964: Bobby Baun of the Toronto Maple Leafs nets a game winner against Detroit 1:43 into overtime in game six of the Finals to tie the series 3–all. The goal is notable because Baun broke his ankle earlier in the game. It was frozen and taped, and Baun returned to the ice to score the winning goal.
May 10, 1970: One of the most indelible moments in sports history is the sight of Bobby Orr's "in flight" goal that gave the Boston Bruins a 4–3 win and a four-game sweep of the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup Finals.
May 24, 1980: Bob Nystrom of the New York Islanders scores the Stanley Cup clinching goal at 7:11 of overtime, beating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games for the title.
April 14, 1981: After sitting on the bench for the entire game, Mike Crombeen scored the winning goal at 5:16 of double overtime to give the St. Louis Blues a 4-3 win over the Pittsburgh Penguins.
April 10, 1982: "Miracle on Manchester" – Rookie Daryl Evans gives the Los Angeles Kings a 6–5 win over the Edmonton Oilers at 2:35 of overtime. The Kings had trailed the Oilers 5–0 after the second period of game three of the Smythe Division Semi-final. This still remains the largest single game playoff comeback in NHL history.
May 5, 1986: Doug Wickenheiser's overtime goal gives the St. Louis Blues a 6–5 win over the Calgary Flames in game six of the Campbell Conference Final. The goal, known as the "Monday Night Miracle", caps a 5–2 comeback and makes it more impressive that the three goals needed to tie the game were scored in the last ten minutes of the third period.
May 18, 1986: A Brian Skrudland goal ends the shortest overtime in NHL history at just nine seconds. The winning goal gives the Montreal Canadiens a 3–2 victory over the Calgary Flames in game two of the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals.
April 18, 1987: "Easter Epic" – Pat LaFontaine of New York Islanders scores a goal against Washington Capitals at 8:47 of quadruple overtime which ends the longest game seven in NHL playoff history. Islanders goaltender Kelly Hrudey makes a record 73 saves.
May 15, 1990: After hardly playing in overtime, Petr Klima came off the bench late in triple overtime and scored almost immediately to end the longest overtime in NHL Finals history, with 4:47 left. The goal gave the Edmonton Oilers a 3–2 victory over the Boston Bruins to open the 1990 Stanley Cup Finals, setting the stage for the Oilers' fifth cup in seven years.
April 24, 1993: In game four of the Adams division semi-final between the Buffalo Sabres and the Boston Bruins, Sabres forward Brad May scores in overtime to give Buffalo a 6–5 win and sweep the Bruins in the series, four games to none. Due to Buffalo commentator Rick Jeanneret's colorful play call when May scored, this game has been referred to in Buffalo as "May Day".
April to June 1993: After losing in overtime of game one of the Adams division semi-final to the Quebec Nordiques, the Montreal Canadiens go on to win ten consecutive overtime games en route to winning the Stanley Cup. The Habs score another overtime winner the following year against the Boston Bruins, making it eleven consecutive playoff overtime wins.
May 14, 1993: In game seven of the Patrick Division Finals, David Volek who spent most of the season as a healthy scratch, scored the series winning goal to give the New York Islanders a 4-3 victory ending the Pittsburgh Penguins chances at a threepeat.
April 27, 1994: Dominik Hašek of the Buffalo Sabres stops all 70 shots produced by the New Jersey Devils as Dave Hannan scores the lone goal over a sprawling Martin Brodeur at 5:43 of quadruple overtime in game six of the Eastern Conference quarterfinal matchup.
April 30, 1994: Pavel Bure scores 2:20 into double overtime of the seventh game of the opening round of Vancouver's playoff series with Calgary. The win gives the Vancouver Canucks three consecutive overtime wins over the favored Calgary Flames, who squander a 3–1 series lead.
May 27, 1994: Stéphane Matteau scores the game-winning goal at 4:24 of double overtime with a wrap-around, beating Martin Brodeur and the New Jersey Devils in game seven, advancing the New York Rangers to the Stanley Cup Finals (where they would ultimately win it for the first time since 1940). It is Matteau's second goal in double overtime periods of the series.
April 24, 1996: Petr Nedved scores with 44.6 seconds remaining in quadruple overtime to give the Pittsburgh Penguins a 3–2 win over the Washington Capitals to tie their Eastern Conference quarter-final series at two games apiece.
June 6, 1996: Uwe Krupp became the 12th player in NHL history to end the Stanley Cup Finals in overtime, scoring a goal at 4:31 of triple overtime, giving the Colorado Avalanche a 1–0 win and a sweep of the Florida Panthers.
June 19, 1999: Brett Hull scores with 5:09 left in triple overtime of game six to win the Stanley Cup for the Dallas Stars over the Buffalo Sabres. The goal is considered controversial by some fans due to disagreement on if the goal by Hull was legal or not. (see 1999 Stanley Cup Finals).
May 5, 2000: Keith Primeau of the Philadelphia Flyers put a shot over the left shoulder of Pittsburgh Penguins goaltender Ron Tugnutt with 7:59 left in quintuple overtime, ending the longest game since 1936.
June 6, 2000: Jason Arnott scores on Dallas Stars' goalie Ed Belfour in double overtime of game six to give the New Jersey Devils their second Stanley Cup.
April 12, 2007: Roberto Luongo, goaltender for the Vancouver Canucks, wins his first career playoff game while making 72 saves, one shy of Kelly Hrudey's record. The game is the sixth longest ever, going into quadruple overtime. Henrik Sedin scores the winning goal in the Western Quarterfinals, beating the Dallas Stars 5–4 in game 1. The game is Vancouver's longest in history, and the Star's second longest, behind their five-overtime loss to Anaheim in 2003.
May 5, 2008: Brenden Morrow scores on San Jose Sharks goalie Evgeni Nabokov at 9:03 of quadruple overtime in game six of the Western Conference Semi-final between the Sharks and Stars. The game sees an incredible goaltending duel as Nabokov makes 53 saves in the loss while Marty Turco of Dallas makes 61 saves for the win.
June 6, 2008: In game five of the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals, the Pittsburgh Penguins' Petr Sykora told Pierre Maguire of NBC that he would score the winning goal in overtime. At 9:57 of triple overtime, Sykora scored on Detroit Red Wings' goaltender Chris Osgood and sent the series back to Pittsburgh for game six.
June 6, 2010: Patrick Kane of the Chicago Blackhawks shoots a goal past Philadelphia Flyers goalie Michael Leighton 4:10 into overtime of game six of the Stanley Cup Finals to give the Blackhawks a 4–3 win over the Flyers for their first Stanley Cup Championship since 1961.
April 26, 2011: Alexandre Burrows of the Vancouver Canucks scored at 5:22 of overtime past Corey Crawford of the Chicago Blackhawks to win the series 4–3 and the game 2–1, sending the Canucks to the Western Conference Semifinals, avoiding squandering a 3–0 series lead and a 1–0 lead in game seven in the third period.
June 6, 2011: Another Burrows goal ends the second-shortest overtime in NHL history at just eleven seconds. The winning goal gives the Vancouver Canucks a 3–2 victory over the Boston Bruins in game two of the Stanley Cup Finals.
May 25, 2012: Adam Henrique of the New Jersey Devils scored at 1:03 into overtime past Henrik Lundqvist of the New York Rangers in game six of the Eastern Conference Final to send the Devils to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 2003.
May 13, 2013: Patrice Bergeron of the Boston Bruins scored at 6:05 of overtime past James Reimer of the Toronto Maple Leafs to win the series 4–3 and the game 5–4, to send the Bruins to the Conference Semifinals to face the Rangers. It also capped a historic comeback in a game seven, coming back from a three-goal deficit in the third period. With fifty–one seconds to go, they tied the game. The tying goal was also scored by Bergeron. The 2012–13 Boston Bruins became the first team in NHL history to do so in the Stanley Cup playoffs.
June 6, 2013: Andrew Shaw scored with 7:52 left in triple overtime as the Chicago Blackhawks beat the Boston Bruins 4-3 to open the Stanley Cup Finals, ending the fifth-longest game in Stanley Cup Finals history.
June 13, 2014: Alec Martinez scored with 5:17 left in double overtime in game five of the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, becoming the 16th player to win the Stanley Cup with an overtime goal as the Los Angeles Kings beat the Rangers 3–2, clinching the title 4–1. He became the first player to score two series-clinching playoff overtime goals in the same season since Martin Gelinas in 2004; on June 1, he scored 5:47 into overtime to defeat the Chicago Blackhawks 5–4 in game seven of the Western Conference Finals.
May 13, 2015: Derek Stepan scored with 8:36 left in the first overtime in game seven in the Eastern Conference Second Round against the Washington Capitals to send the New York Rangers to the Eastern Conference Finals. The Capitals also had a 3–1 series lead before losing the final three games and ultimately losing the series.
May 19, 2015: Marcus Kruger scored with 3:48 left in the third overtime in game two of the Western Conference Finals, as the Chicago Blackhawks beat the Anaheim Ducks, 3–2, tying the series at 1–1. This was Anaheim's first playoff loss at home that season and Chicago's longest overtime game to date. Chicago goalie Corey Crawford made 60 saves while defenceman Duncan Keith played seconds shy of 50 minutes on ice. Earlier in the second overtime period, Andrew Shaw used his head to direct the puck into the net, but the goal did not count.
April 24, 2016: John Tavares scored the series-winner with 9:19 left in double overtime in game six of the Eastern Conference First Round as the New York Islanders won a playoff series for the first time since 1993, beating the Florida Panthers 2–1, to win the series 4–2. He beat Roberto Luongo off a rebound of his own shot with a wraparound. It ended the longest home game in Islanders' history. Tavares also scored with 53.2 seconds left in regulation to force overtime. Three of those games in this series have gone to overtime, this and game five needed two.
May 6, 2016: Mike Fisher scored with 8:48 left in triple overtime in game four of the Western Conference Second Round as the Nashville Predators beat the San Jose Sharks, 4–3, to tie the series at two games all. His goal ended the longest playoff game in Predators' history. Joe Pavelski could have won it at 7:34 of overtime, but officials waved it off as he crashed into Pekka Rinne, pinning him down before the puck crossed the goal line.
May 25, 2017: Chris Kunitz scored at 5:09 of double overtime as the Pittsburgh Penguins beat the Ottawa Senators to advance to play the Nashville Predators in the Stanley Cup Finals in winning game seven of the Eastern Conference Finals, 3-2. Sidney Crosby sent a soft backhand pass to Kunitz, whose knuckling shot beat Craig Anderson from the right faceoff circle.
April 13, 2018: The Vegas Golden Knights won their first-ever playoff overtime game when Erik Haula scored with 4:37 left in double overtime to beat the Los Angeles Kings 2–1 to take a 2–0 lead in the Western Conference First Round. Haula made it to the right wing after a James Neal pass, faked his shot, then beat Jonathan Quick with a forehand.
May 7, 2018: Evgeny Kuznetsov scored at 5:27 of overtime as the Washington Capitals eliminated the two-time defending champion Pittsburgh Penguins in game six of the Eastern Conference Second Round to advance to the Conference Finals for the first time in 20 years. Alexander Ovechkin passed the puck back to Kuznetsov, who tapped it away from Sidney Crosby on a turnover before beating Matt Murray between the pads.
Swedish hockey[edit]
This is a list of the longest games in the highest Swedish leagues.[13]
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
League
Home Team
Score
Away Team
Date
Scorer
1. 5th 80:41 Play-off to Kvalserien IF Troja/Ljungby 2–1 Bofors IK March 20, 2002 Mika Välilä
2. 4th 73:38 Play-off to Division 1 Olofströms IK 3–4 Kristianstads IK March 7, 1995 Roman Steblecki
3. 4th 68:42 Play-off to Division 1 Osby IK 5–4 Mariestad BoIS HC February 28, 1993 Jonas Evaldsson
4. 3rd 59:16 Elitserien Semi-finals Leksands IF 3–2 Färjestad BK March 23, 1997 Andreas Karlsson
5. 3rd 57:37 Play-off to Kvalserien IFK Arboga IK 3–2 Bofors IK March 13, 2002 Fredrik Gustavsson
6. 3rd 52:17 Elitserien Quarterfinals Timrå IK 2–1 Luleå HF March 3, 2003 Marcus Åkerblom
7. 3rd 50:55 Play-off to SHL Karlskrona HK 3–2 AIK March 19, 2016 Vyacheslav Trukhno
8. 3rd 47:14 Play-off to Division 1 IFK Österåkers IK 4–3 Lidingö HC March 10, 1996 Mikael Lindqvist
9. 3rd 41:56 Elitserien Finals Västra Frölunda HC 4–3 Färjestad BK April 7, 2003 Tomi Kallio
10. 3rd 41:14 Play-off to Kvalserien Timrå IK 5–4 Huddinge IK February 26, 1989 Ove Öström
KHL[edit]
This is a list of Kontinental Hockey League games that went to at least the third overtime.
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Home Team
Score
Away Team
Date
Scorer
Ref
1. 5th 82:09 HC CSKA Moscow 1–2 Jokerit March 22, 2018 Mika Niemi
2. 4th 66:14 Lev Praha 3–4 HC Donbass March 21, 2014 Andrei Konev [14]
3. 3rd 58:48 Severstal Cherepovets 3–2 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl February 25, 2013 Denis Kazionov [15]
4. 3rd 56:35 Admiral Vladivostok 2–3 Metallurg Magnitogorsk March 12, 2014 Danis Zaripov [16]
5. 3rd 49:11 Metallurg Magnitogorsk 2–3 Avangard Omsk March 15, 2011 Andrei Pervyshin [17]
6. 3rd 48:54 Traktor Chelyabinsk 1–2 Ak Bars Kazan March 22, 2012 Danis Zaripov [18]
7. 3rd 41:39 HC CSKA Moscow 3–2 SKA St. Petersburg March 28, 2015 Roman Lyubimov [19]
The longest game in Belarusian extraleague is game first of the 2015 Semi-finals on March 7, 2015. Yunost Minsk beat the HK Gomel, 2–1, at Gomel Ice Palace of Sports on a goal by Vitaly Kiryuschenkov at 5:11 of the sixth 20-minute overtime period. Alexander Tsetkovsky was the winning goaltender for the Yunost, making 107 saves.[20][21]
Olympics – Men's Gold Medal Game[edit]
This is a list of Gold Medal men's games from the Olympics that needed overtime.
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Winning country
Score
Losing country
Year
Scorer
1 1st 9:40 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 4-3 Germany (GER) 2018 Kirill Kaprizov
2 7:40 Canada (CAN) 3-2 United States (USA) 2010 Sidney Crosby
Olympics – Women's Gold Medal Game[edit]
This is a list of Gold Medal women's games from the Olympics that needed overtime.
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Winning country
Score
Losing country
Year
Scorer
1 2nd 20:00 (6th round)* United States (USA) 3-2 Canada (CAN) 2018 Jocelyne Lamoureux
2 1st 8:10 Canada (CAN) United States (USA) 2014 Marie-Philip Poulin
*Game went to shootout.
Czech hockey[edit]
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
League
Home Team
Score
Away Team
Date
Scorer
1. 3rd 53:51 Extraliga ledního hokeje HC Mountfield 2–3 HC Vítkovice Steel March 7, 2013 †† Peter Húževka
2. 2nd 36:15 Extraliga ledního hokeje PSG Zlín 3–4 HC Škoda Plzeň April 21, 2013 ** Martin Straka
3. 2nd 25:09 Extraliga ledního hokeje HC Sparta Praha 1–2 Bílí Tygři Liberec April 24, 2016 ** Martin Bakoš
*Play-off finals game
**Play-off winning goal
† Series-clinching goal
†† Game 7 (Game 5 in a best-of-5 series)
DEL[edit]
March 22, 2008: Philip Gogulla of the Cologne Sharks ends the longest German hockey game ever and the third longest worldwide, scoring the ninth-overall goal in a 5:4 victory over the Mannheim Eagles. The goal comes 8:16 into the sixth overtime period for a total of 108:16 of overtime. It is the third quarter-final game (best of seven) in the Kölnarena in Cologne in front of an audience of 17,000. The game had begun at 5:30 pm and ends at 12:15 am.
Norwegian hockey[edit]
March 12, 2017: Joakim Jensen of the Storhamar Ishockey ends the longest hockey game in history, scoring with 2:46 left in octuple overtime for a total of 157:14 of overtime, and 217:14 of hockey played. It was Game 5 of the quarter-finals of the 2016–17 GET-ligaen playoffs against the Sparta Warriors in the CC Amfi. About 1,000 out of the 5,500 people that attended the game watched the entire game. The game started at 18:00 and ended at 2:32 the next morning.[22]
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date
Scorer
Arena
1. 8th 157:14 Sparta Sarpsborg 1–2 Storhamar Ishockey March 12, 2017 Joakim Jensen CC Amfi
2. 4th 67:02 Vålerenga 5–4 Trondheim Black Panthers March 8, 2003 Joakim Backlund Leangen Ishall
3. 2nd 45:58 Storhamar Dragons 4–5 Vålerenga March 28, 2000 Johan Brummer Jordal Amfi
Notable minor league, college and junior overtimes[edit]
AHL[edit]
The longest game in AHL history is game four of the 2018 Atlantic Division Final on May 9, 2018. The Lehigh Valley Phantoms beat the Charlotte Checkers, 2–1, at Bojangles Coliseum on a goal by Alex Krushelnyski at 6:48 of quintuple overtime. Alex Lyon was the winning goaltender for the Phantoms, making 94 saves.
Longest American Hockey League (AHL) overtime games
Overtime Length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date
1. 86:48 Lehigh Valley Phantoms 2–1 Charlotte Checkers May 9, 2018
2. 82:58 Philadelphia Phantoms 3–2 Albany River Rats April 24, 2008
3. 74:56** Houston Aeros 1–2 Hamilton Bulldogs May 30, 2003
4. 74:08 Rochester Americans 2–3 New Haven Nighthawks April 10, 1982
5. 62:42 Syracuse Stars 3–2 Cleveland Barons April 4, 1938
6. 61:46 Cleveland Barons 2–3 Pittsburgh Hornets April 14, 1953
7. 60:16 Oklahoma City Barons 2–1 Utica Comets May 7, 2015
8. 59:47 Providence Reds 2–3 Cleveland Barons March 28, 1939
9. 53:02 Philadelphia Phantoms 2–1 Norfolk Admirals April 28, 2004
10. 52:26 Binghamton Senators 2–3 Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins April 25, 2005
11. 50:16 Cleveland Barons 4–3 Springfield Indians April 4, 1962
12. 47:49 Worcester IceCats 3–4 Hartford Wolf Pack May 5, 2004
13. 46:15 Pittsburgh Hornets 2–1 Springfield Indians March 22, 1941
14. 46:00 Worcester IceCats 3–2 Manchester Monarchs April 22, 2004
15. 45:17* Nova Scotia Voyageurs 4–3 Maine Mariners April 11, 1985
16. 44:48** Cleveland Barons 4–5 Philadelphia Ramblers April 4, 1939
17. 44:30 Pittsburgh Hornets 3–2 Hershey Bears March 31, 1951
18. 44:18 Baltimore Clippers 3–4 Rochester Americans April 16, 1967
19. 44:13 Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins 3–4 Manchester Monarchs May 6, 2015
20. 44:02 Pittsburgh Hornets 2–3 Cleveland Barons April 3, 1956
*Overtime format was one five-minute period followed by 20-minute periods
**Calder Cup Finals game
Canadian Interuniversity Sport – men[edit]
The University of New Brunswick Varsity Reds needed 61:53 of overtime (four extra periods) to defeat the Acadia University Axemen 3–2 on February 27, 2011 in game two of a best-of-five AUS semi-final series at Fredericton, New Brunswick. Nick MacNeil scored the game-winner at 11:53 of the seventh period overall.
York University Lions and Lakehead University Thunderwolves went to a fourth overtime period (50:13 minutes of overtime) on February 14, 2007 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to decide a winner in OUA men's playoff hockey action. Lakehead won the game at the 13-second mark of the fourth overtime period.
Canadian Interuniversity Sport – women[edit]
Morgan McHaffie scored at 17:14 of the sixth overtime period to lead the Queen's Golden Gaels to a 2–1 win over the host Guelph Gryphons in the first game of the best-of-three OUA women's hockey final, March 2, 2011. The game, which lasted 167 minutes and 14 seconds, including 107:14 of extra time, is the longest on record in CIS or NCAA hockey – women's or men's. Winning goaltender Mel Dodd-Moher made 66 saves, while Danielle Skoufranis made 44 saves in a losing cause. It is the longest game ever played sanctioned by Hockey Canada.
ECHL[edit]
Overtime Length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date
1. 77:18 Colorado Eagles 2–3 Idaho Steelheads April 28–29, 2014
2. 66:10 Elmira Jackals 5–4 Trenton Devils April 10, 2009
3. 64:19 South Carolina Stingrays 4–3 Gwinnett Gladiators April 6–7, 2012
4. 61:24 Louisiana IceGators 2–3 Greenville Grrrowl May 5, 2000
5. 55:19 Jackson Bandits 5–4 Louisiana IceGators April 5, 2002
6. 53:30 Las Vegas Wranglers 3–4 Alaska Aces May 2, 2006
7. 50:37 South Carolina Stingrays 3–4 Mississippi Sea Wolves April 13, 1999
8. 48:13 Idaho Steelheads 3–2 Las Vegas Wranglers April 6, 2011
9. 46:30 Mississippi Sea Wolves 3–4 Pee Dee Pride May 2, 1999
10. 46:23 Utah Grizzlies 4–3 Fresno Falcons April 14, 2008
11. 45:47 Hampton Roads Admirals 2–1 Greensboro Monarchs April 9, 1991*
12. 45:38 Florida Everblades 2–1 South Carolina Stingrays May 6, 2015
13. 45:30 South Carolina Stingrays 1–0 Toledo Walleye May 27, 2015**
14. 44:03 Wheeling Nailers 2-1 Reading Royals May 5, 2016
15. 44:02 Kalamazoo Wings 3–4 Greenville Road Warriors April 26, 2014
16. 43:07 Toledo Walleye 4-5 Colorado Eagles May 19, 2017
17. 42:31 Colorado Eagles 5-4 Utah Grizzlies April 17, 2016
18. 40:36 Idaho Steelheads 0–1 Stockton Thunder May 5, 2010
* Championship Series game.
** Game 7
International Hockey League[edit]
On May 12, 2008, one of the longest games in IHL history, if not the longest, took place in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It was the seventh game of the Turner Cup Final between the hometown Fort Wayne Komets and Port Huron Icehawks. The game was tied 2–2 through regulation. The first two extra periods solved nothing, but 23 seconds into the third overtime period, at some point after midnight ET, Justin Hodgman scored the winning goal to give the Komets their fifth Turner Cup title. It was the club's first since 1993, and their sixth overall, with their last championship being the Colonial Cup in 2003. The Komets would win again the following year with an easy game five victory at home, which was the first time in franchise history they won back-to-back championships. They would follow up with a third consecutive Turner Cup in 2010, again clinching on home ice, securing a dynasty.
VHL[edit]
On April 25, 2018, in game 5 of the 2018 VHL finals, SKA-Neva defeated HC Dinamo Saint Petersburg 4-3 in a game that needed 103:36 of overtime to be settled. Svyatoslav Grebinshchikov scored the game-winning goal 3:36 of sextuple overtime.[23]
NCAA[edit]
The longest game in NCAA hockey history was played on March 6–7, 2015. UMass beat Notre Dame, 4–3, in the Hockey East first-round playoff game after 91:42 of overtime. Shane Walsh scored the winning goal for UMass.[24][25]
Overall game length
(min:sec)
Overtime length
Number of overtimes
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Where it occurred
Date
151:42 91:42 5 UMass 4–3 Notre Dame Hockey East First Round (Game 1, Best of 3) March 7, 2015
150:22 90:22 5 Quinnipiac University 3–2 Union College ECACH Quarter-Finals (Game 1, Best of 3) March 12, 2010
141:35 81:35 5 Yale University 3–2 Union College ECACHL First Round (Game 2, Best of 3) March 4, 2006
129:30 69:30 4 Colorado College 1–0 Wisconsin Badgers WCHA First Round (Game 2, Best of 3) March 3, 1997
123:53 63:53 4 St. Lawrence 3–2 Boston University NCAA East Regional (Second round) March 26, 2000
121:05 61:05 4 Colgate University 4–3 Dartmouth College ECAC Quarterfinal (Game 1, Best of 3) March 14, 2003
The longest game in NCAA hockey history was played at Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana on March 6, 2015. UMass beat Notre Dame, 4–3, in the Hockey East first round with 8:18 left in quintuple overtime. Shane Walsh scored the winning goal just after 1:00 am local time. The previous longest was played on March 12, 2010. Quinnipiac University beat Union College, 3–2, in the ECAC Quarterfinals, as Greg Holt scored with 9:38 left in quintuple overtime. The 3rd longest game in NCAA hockey history was played on March 5, 2006. Yale University beat Union College, 3–2, in the ECAC Hockey League first-round playoff game after 81:35 of overtime. David Meckler scored the winning goal with Yale shorthanded.[26]
The longest game in NCAA Division III hockey history, and the fourth longest in NCAA history overall, began at 7:05 pm on February 27, 2010 and ended at 12:35 am of the following day. Gustavus Adolphus College beat Augsburg College, 6–5, to advance to the MIAC championship game after 78:38 of overtime. Eric Bigham scored the winning goal.[27]
A 2000 NCAA regional final in men's ice hockey between St. Lawrence University and Boston University ended with 63:53 of overtime. Manitoba native and minor hockey buddy of Craig McAulay, Robin Carruthers scored the gwg after four periods of overtime play
A March 30, 1991 game between Northern Michigan University and Boston University ended with Northern Michigan earning an 8–7 victory over Boston University. Unlikely hero Darryl Plandowski scores in the third overtime period and fifth hour of play to give the Wildcats the title.
A March 8, 1997 game between Colorado College and the University of Wisconsin–Madison ended with Colorado College winning, 1–0, after 69:30.
A March 14, 2003 ECAC Quarterfinal game between Colgate University and Dartmouth ended, 4–3 for Colgate, after 61:05 in overtime.
On March 26, 2006, the Wisconsin Badgers beat the Cornell Big Red 1–0 at 11:13 into the third overtime at the Midwest Regional Final in the NCAA Tournament at the Resch Center in Green Bay. It was the second-longest NCAA Tournament game in its history and the longest 1–0 game in tournament history. It is currently the ninth-longest game all-time in NCAA Division I history.
An March 11, 2007 game between St. Cloud State University and University of Minnesota Duluth during the first round of the WCHA playoffs ended with SCSU winning, 3–2, after 51:33 of overtime. It is the eighth-longest NCAA Division I game in history.
In the first round of the 2008 WCHA hockey tournament featuring the fourth-seeded Minnesota State University, Mankato Mavericks hosting the seventh-seeded University of Minnesota Golden Gophers, the Friday and Sunday games both went into double overtime, and the Saturday night game went into one overtime. The Gophers prevailed two games to one in the series, winning Saturday and Sunday.
On March 3, 2012, in the first round of the 2012 ECAC Hockey hockey tournament featuring the seventh-seeded Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey team hosting the tenth-seeded RPI Engineers men's ice hockey team, Clarkson beat RPI 4–3 at 13:48 in the third overtime period, after 113:48 of play. It is currently the seventh-longest game all-time in NCAA Division I history.
NCAA Women[edit]
On March 10, 1996, New Hampshire defeated Providence, 3–2, in an ECAC Women's Championship game after 85:35 of overtime. (This is not an NCAA record, as the NCAA did not officially recognize women's hockey until the 2001 season; however, it stands as the longest women's college hockey game)[28]
On March 10, 2007, Wisconsin defeated Harvard, 1–0, in an NCAA Women's Quarterfinal game after 67:09 of overtime at the Kohl Center in Madison WI. Wisconsin went on to win the national championship.
On March 10, 2012, Cornell University defeated Boston University, 8–7, in an NCAA Women's Quarterfinal game after 59:50 of overtime at Lynah Rink in Ithaca, New York, surpassing the men's game from the previous night as the longest hockey game to be played at the rink.[29]
On March 21, 2010, Minnesota-Duluth defeated Cornell 3–2 in the NCAA championship game, after 59:26 of overtime (119:26 total game time), the longest men's or women's hockey championship game in NCAA history.[30]
Canadian Hockey League[edit]
The longest game in Memorial Cup history was played on May 23, 2014 in London, Ontario, where in the semi-final game, Curtis Lazar scored at 2:42 of triple overtime as the Edmonton Oil Kings beat the Val-d'Or Foreurs 4–3 to advance to the championship game. The entire overtime lasted 42:42, the overall game time played was 102:42.
The longest game in WHL & CHL history was played on April 2, 2017 in Victoria, BC, in Game 6 of Round 1 between the Everett Silvertips and Victoria Royals. Cal Babych scored with 8:24 left in quintuple overtime to beat the Royals 3-2 to win the series 4-2. The total game time played was 151:36.
The longest game in QMJHL history was played on April 3, 2016 in Boisbriand, Quebec, where in a first-round game, Philippe Sanche scored with 7:34 left in triple overtime as the Blainville-Boisbriand Armada beat the Val-d'Or Foreurs 3-2 to advance to the quarterfinals. The entire overtime lasted 52:26, the overall game time played was 112:26.
2007 RBC Cup – Canadian Jr A Championship[edit]
The semi-final game for the 2007 RBC Cup, saw the host Prince George Spruce Kings taking on the Camrose Kodiaks. The game ended up being the longest game in Royal Bank Cup history at 146 minutes and 1 second. The Spruce Kings broke a 2–2 tie just over six minutes into the fifth overtime period to win 3–2 and clinch a berth in the RBC Cup Final against the Aurora Tigers. Jason Yuel of the Spruce Kings scored the winner while goaltender Jordan White stopped 91 of 93 shots for the victory.
OPJHL[edit]
On February 10, 2007, the Toronto Jr. Canadiens defeated the Pickering Panthers, 4–3, to take a 2–0 series lead in the first round of the OPJHL playoffs, after 104:32 of overtime. It is the second longest game ever played sanctioned by Hockey Canada.
GHJHL[edit]
February 1999, the St. Catharines Falcons defeated the Port Colborne Sailors 7–6 to take a 2–1 series lead in the semi-finals of the Golden Horseshoe Jr. B Hockey League Playoffs. Peter Lacey scored 11 minutes into the fifth overtime period, ending the game at 2:18 am. The game started at 7:30 pm. It is the longest junior hockey game sanctioned by Hockey Canada
High school[edit]
Marquette vs Orchard Lake St Marys went eight overtimes during the Michigan State Ice Hockey Division 1 Championship game before Tournament officials stopped the game in consideration of the health and welfare of the players on March 8, 2008. The 1–1 tie resulted in the two teams being declared co-champions. The game lasted 109 minutes.[31] Ryan Morley Stockton of St. Mary's had a MHSAA-record 58 saves.[32]
The longest game in high school history was in a 1996 FCIAC quarterfinal matchup in Darien, Connecticut between archrivals Wilton and Ridgefield that went to a tenth eight-minute overtime period after 45 minutes of regulation (125:00 of hockey). Chris Ludwig of Wilton scored the game-winner while being hauled down in front of the Ridgefield net in the tenth overtime period.
The previous record belonged to the Aurora High School–Solon High School game in which Aurora won in the eighth overtime period of the Ohio state playoffs.[33] The winning goal was scored with 3:52 left in the 8th overtime (105th minute), setting an American record.[34]
Since 2015, all state tournaments allow up to 5 overtime periods (4-on-4 after first overtime), after which best-of-3-round shootouts and extra rounds if needed are conducted, to eliminate co-champions.
See also[edit]
National Hockey League
American Hockey League
Ice hockey
Ice hockey rules
Breakaway (hockey)
Season (sport)
Overtime (sports)
Easter Epic
References[edit]
Jump up ^ NHL Guide
Jump up ^ "World's first regular season NHL overtime game". Thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/hockeyozone/2014/07/10/ot-in-ahl-now-7-minutes/12485519/
Jump up ^ Rosen, Dan (June 24, 2015). "Board of Governors OKs 3-on-3 OT, coach's challenge". www.nhl.com. National Hockey League. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "2017 IIHF SPORT REGULATIONS" (PDF). www.iihf.com. International Ice Hockey Federation. May 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-06.
Jump up ^ Jeff Z. Klein, "Hockey Night in Europe: Goodbye, Columbus", New York Times, October 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ V. Lychyk, "English borrowings in recent Soviet Russian", Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 29 (1994), p. 153.
Jump up ^ "Format & Rules". Iihf.com. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Panthers outlast Capitals in longest NHL shootout when Nick Bjugstad scores in 20th round". NHL.com. December 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Teams played a 10-minute "regular" overtime period, followed by 15-minute "extra" overtime periods. The winning goal was scored at 13:52 of the fourth "extra" overtime period. Montreal Gazette, March 29, 1930, page 20 and Toronto Daily Star, March 29, 1930, page 10.
Jump up ^ This was the second game of a two-game total-goals series. Montreal won the first game 1-0. Chicago won the second game 2-1, making the aggregate score 2-2. Sudden-death overtime was used to break the tie, and was considered part of the second game. Teams played a 10-minute "regular" overtime period, followed by a 30-minute "extra" overtime period, and another "extra" overtime period. The winning goal was scored at 11:43 of the second "extra" overtime period. Montreal Gazette, March 27, 1930, page 16.
Jump up ^ Teams played a 10-minute "regular" overtime period followed by a continuous, unlimited, sudden-death overtime period. The winning goal was scored at 35:35 of that period. Montreal Gazette, March 21, 1930, page 18.
Jump up ^ Svensk elithockeys längsta matcher http://www.svenskafans.com/hockeyzon/194752.aspx
Jump up ^ http://en.khl.ru/report/245/?idgame=41390
Jump up ^ http://en.khl.ru/report/223/?idgame=37496
Jump up ^ http://en.khl.ru/report/245/?idgame=41265
Jump up ^ http://en.khl.ru/report/186/?idgame=30498
Jump up ^ http://en.khl.ru/report/203/?idgame=34026
Jump up ^ http://en.khl.ru/game/267/45820/resume/
Jump up ^ http://hcgomel.by/news/17282/7.03.2015-23-j-ochrb.-1/2.-gomel-1-2-ot-yunost/
Jump up ^ http://extraliga.stats.pointstreak.com/boxscore.html?gameid=2637546
Jump up ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/ishockey/norsk-ishockey/verdensrekord-paa-hamar-i-natt-storhamar-vant-etter-8-timer-og-32-minutter/a/23947532/
Jump up ^ http://online.vhlru.ru/online/69653.html
Jump up ^ "Almanac ... Longest Games". College Hockey News. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Longest game list
Jump up ^ [1] Archived September 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Men's Hockey Defeats Augsburg 6–5 in Four Overtimes, Sets NCAA Record For Longest Game In Division III History
Jump up ^ USCHO.com :: U.S. College Hockey Online :: NCAA Longest_games Archived March 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Rougeau's Triple-Overtime Game-Winner Sends Women's Hockey to Frozen Four". Cornell University Athletics. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ 2010 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament
Jump up ^ Mary Buckheit (March 17, 2008). "After eight overtimes, is a tie wrong?". Sports.espn.go.com. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ MHSAA: Games-2008 Ice Hockey Tournament
Jump up ^ 2007 State Ice Hockey Tournament Results
Jump up ^ The Remaining Top 24 High School Sports Stories of 2007 – cleveland.com
The National Hockey League Official Guide and Record Book
Diamond, Dan; (1992), The Official National Hockey League Stanley Cup Centennial Book
The American Hockey League Guide & Record Book
External links[edit]
List of all NHL overtime games by decade
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Hindu–Arabic numeral system
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Hindu–Arabic numeral system
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Arabic and Western Arabic numerals on a road sign in Abu Dhabi
The Hindu–Arabic numeral system[1] (also called the Arabic numeral system or Hindu numeral system)[2] a positional decimal numeral system, is the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world. It was invented between the 1st and 4th centuries by Indian mathematicians. The system was adopted in Arabic mathematics by the 9th century. Influential were the books of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī[3] (On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals, c.825) and Al-Kindi (On the Use of the Hindu Numerals, c.830). The system later spread to medieval Europe by the High Middle Ages.
The system is based upon ten (originally nine) different glyphs. The symbols (glyphs) used to represent the system are in principle independent of the system itself. The glyphs in actual use are descended from Brahmi numerals and have split into various typographical variants since the Middle Ages.
These symbol sets can be divided into three main families: Arabic numerals used in the Greater Maghreb and in Europe, Eastern Arabic numerals (also called "Indic numerals") used in the Middle East, and the Indian numerals used in the Indian subcontinent.
This numerical system is still used worldwide today.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Positional notation
3 Symbols
3.1 Glyph comparison
4 History
4.1 Predecessors
4.2 Possible Chinese origin
4.3 Development
4.4 Adoption in Europe
4.5 Adoption in East Asia
4.6 Spread of the Western Arabic variant
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Bibliography
Etymology[edit]
The Hindu-Arabic numerals were invented by mathematicians in India. Perso-Arabic mathematicians called them "Hindu numerals" (where "Hindu" meant Indian). Later they came to be called "Arabic numerals" in Europe, because they were introduced to the West by Arab merchants.[4]
Positional notation[edit]
Main articles: Positional notation and 0 (number)
The Hindu–Arabic system is designed for positional notation in a decimal system. In a more developed form, positional notation also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more usually a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for "these digits recur ad infinitum". In modern usage, this latter symbol is usually a vinculum (a horizontal line placed over the repeating digits). In this more developed form, the numeral system can symbolize any rational number using only 13 symbols (the ten digits, decimal marker, vinculum, and a prepended dash to indicate a negative number).
Although generally found in text written with the Arabic abjad ("alphabet"), numbers written with these numerals also place the most-significant digit to the left, so they read from left to right. The requisite changes in reading direction are found in text that mixes left-to-right writing systems with right-to-left systems.
Symbols[edit]
Various symbol sets are used to represent numbers in the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, most of which developed from the Brahmi numerals.
The symbols used to represent the system have split into various typographical variants since the Middle Ages, arranged in three main groups:
The widespread Western "Arabic numerals" used with the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek alphabets in the table, descended from the "West Arabic numerals" which were developed in al-Andalus and the Maghreb (there are two typographic styles for rendering western Arabic numerals, known as lining figures and text figures).
The "Arabic–Indic" or "Eastern Arabic numerals" used with Arabic script, developed primarily in what is now Iraq. A variant of the Eastern Arabic numerals is used in Persian and Urdu.
The Indian numerals in use with scripts of the Brahmic family in India and Southeast Asia. Each of the roughly dozen major scripts of India has its own numeral glyphs (as one will note when perusing Unicode character charts).
Glyph comparison[edit]
# # # # # # # # # # Script See
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Latin script Arabic numerals
〇/零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 East Asia Chinese numerals, Japanese numerals, Korean numerals
ο/ō Αʹ Βʹ Γʹ Δʹ Εʹ Ϛʹ Ζʹ Ηʹ Θʹ Modern Greek Greek numerals
א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט Hebrew Hebrew numerals
० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ Devanagari Indian numerals
૦ ૧ ૨ ૩ ૪ ૫ ૬ ૭ ૮ ૯ Gujarati
੦ ੧ ੨ ੩ ੪ ੫ ੬ ੭ ੮ ੯ Gurmukhi
༠ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩ Tibetan
০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ Assamese / Bengali / Sylheti Bengali-Assamese numerals
೦ ೧ ೨ ೩ ೪ ೫ ೬ ೭ ೮ ೯ Kannada
୦ ୧ ୨ ୩ ୪ ୫ ୬ ୭ ୮ ୯ Odia
൦ ൧ ൨ ൩ ൪ ൫ ൬ ൭ ൮ ൯ Malayalam
௦ ௧ ௨ ௩ ௪ ௫ ௬ ௭ ௮ ௯ Tamil Tamil numerals
0 ౧ ౨ ౩ ౪ ౫ ౬ ౭ ౮ ౯ Telugu
០ ១ ២ ៣ ៤ ៥ ៦ ៧ ៨ ៩ Khmer Khmer numerals
๐ ๑ ๒ ๓ ๔ ๕ ๖ ๗ ๘ ๙ Thai Thai numerals
໐ ໑ ໒ ໓ ໔ ໕ ໖ ໗ ໘ ໙ Lao
၀ ၁ ၂ ၃ ၄ ၅ ၆ ၇ ၈ ၉ Burmese
٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ Arabic Eastern Arabic numerals
۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ Persian (Farsi) / Dari / Pashto
Urdu / Shahmukhi
As in many numbering systems, the numbers 1, 2, and 3 represent simple tally marks; 1 being a single line, 2 being two lines (now connected by a diagonal) and 3 being three lines (now connected by two vertical lines). After three, numbers tend to become more complex symbols (examples are the Chinese numerals and Roman numerals). Theorists believe that this is because it becomes difficult to instantaneously count objects past three.[5]
History[edit]
Main article: History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system
Despite being described as the "Hindu–Arabic numeral system", the corpus incorporates elements from earlier: Egyptian (decimal system with a glyph for Zero), Babylonian (Positional notation), Hellenistic (ο/ō glyphs for Zero), and Chinese (notation for fractions) works; in addition to a mathematical methodology developed by Indian mathematicians, and in use extensively throughout India, before being adopted by Perso-Arabic mathematicians in Baghdad.
Predecessors[edit]
The Brahmi numerals at the basis of the system predate the Common Era. They replaced the earlier Kharosthi numerals used since the 4th century BC. Brahmi and Kharosthi numerals were used alongside one another in the Maurya Empire period, both appearing on the 3rd century BC edicts of Ashoka.[6]
Buddhist inscriptions from around 300 BC use the symbols that became 1, 4 and 6. One century later, their use of the symbols that became 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9 was recorded. These Brahmi numerals are the ancestors of the Hindu–Arabic glyphs 1 to 9, but they were not used as a positional system with a zero, and there were rather separate numerals for each of the tens (10, 20, 30, etc.).
The actual numeral system, including positional notation and use of zero, is in principle independent of the glyphs used, and significantly younger than the Brahmi numerals.
Possible Chinese origin[edit]
5625 243 = 23 36 243 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {5625}{243}}=23{\tfrac {36}{243}}}
10th century Kushyar ibn Labban division
Sunzi division algorithm of 400AD
6561 9 = 729 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {6561}{9}}=729} [7]
46468 324 = 143 136 324 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {46468}{324}}=143{\tfrac {136}{324}}}
Khwarizmi division of 825AD, completely identical to Sun Zi division algorithm[8]
Singaporean historian of mathematics Lam Lay Yong (National University of Singapore) claims that the computation in Kitab al-Fusul fi al-Hisab al Hindi (925) by al-Uqlidisi, and another Latin translation of the Arab manuscript written by the Persian mathematician Khwarizmi (825), are completely identical to algorithms for square root extraction,[9] addition, subtraction,[10] multiplication and division[11] in the rod calculus described in Sunzi Suanjing, which was written five centuries earlier. Yong claims that these methods are too identical to be explained by independent development, and promotes a theory of Chinese origin of the Hindu-Arabic numerals.[12]
Development[edit]
The "Galley" method of division.
The place-value system is used in the Bakhshali Manuscript. Although date of the composition of the manuscript is uncertain, the language used in the manuscript indicates that it could not have been composed any later than 400.[13] The development of the positional decimal system takes its origins in Hindu mathematics during the Gupta period. Around 500, the astronomer Aryabhata uses the word kha ("emptiness") to mark "zero" in tabular arrangements of digits. The 7th century Brahmasphuta Siddhanta contains a comparatively advanced understanding of the mathematical role of zero. The Sanskrit translation of the lost 5th century Prakrit Jaina cosmological text Lokavibhaga may preserve an early instance of positional use of zero.[14]
These Indian developments were taken up in Islamic mathematics in the 8th century, as recorded in al-Qifti's Chronology of the scholars (early 13th century).[15]
The numeral system came to be known to both the Perso-Arabic mathematician Khwarizmi, who wrote a book, On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals in about 825, and the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi, who wrote four volumes, On the Use of the Hindu Numerals (كتاب في استعمال العداد الهندي [kitāb fī isti'māl al-'adād al-hindī]) around 830. These earlier texts did not use the Hindu numerals. Kushyar ibn Labban who wrote Kitab fi usul hisab al-hind (Principles of Hindu Reckoning) is one of the oldest surviving manuscripts using the Hindu numerals.[16] These books are principally responsible for the diffusion of the Hindu system of numeration throughout the Islamic world and ultimately also to Europe.
The first dated and undisputed inscription showing the use of a symbol for zero appears on a stone inscription found at the Chaturbhuja Temple at Gwalior in India, dated 876.[17]
In 10th century Islamic mathematics, the system was extended to include fractions, as recorded in a treatise by Syrian mathematician Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi in 952–953.[18]
Adoption in Europe[edit]
The bottom row shows the numeral glyphs as they appear in type in German incunabula (Nicolaus Kesler, Basel, 1486)
Main article: Arabic numerals
In Christian Europe, the first mention and representation of Hindu-Arabic numerals (from one to nine, without zero), is in the Codex Vigilanus, an illuminated compilation of various historical documents from the Visigothic period in Spain, written in the year 976 by three monks of the Riojan monastery of San Martín de Albelda. Between 967 and 969, Gerbert of Aurillac discovered and studied Arab science in the Catalan abbeys. Later he obtained from these places the book De multiplicatione et divisione (On multiplication and division). After becoming Pope Sylvester II in the year 999, he introduced a new model of abacus, the so-called Abacus of Gerbert, by adopting tokens representing Hindu-Arab numerals, from one to nine.
Leonardo Fibonacci brought this system to Europe. His book Liber Abaci introduced Arabic numerals, the use of zero, and the decimal place system to the Latin world. The numeral system came to be called "Arabic" by the Europeans. It was used in European mathematics from the 12th century, and entered common use from the 15th century to replace Roman numerals.[19][20]
The familiar shape of the Western Arabic glyphs as now used with the Latin alphabet (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) are the product of the late 15th to early 16th century, when they enter early typesetting. Muslim scientists used the Babylonian numeral system, and merchants used the Abjad numerals, a system similar to the Greek numeral system and the Hebrew numeral system. Similarly, Fibonacci's introduction of the system to Europe was restricted to learned circles. The credit for first establishing widespread understanding and usage of the decimal positional notation among the general population goes to Adam Ries, an author of the German Renaissance, whose 1522 Rechenung auff der linihen und federn was targeted at the apprentices of businessmen and craftsmen.
Gregor Reisch, Madame Arithmatica, 1508
A calculation table (de), used for arithmetic using Roman numerals
Adam Ries, Rechenung auff der linihen und federn, 1522
Two arithmetic books published in 1514—Köbel (left) using a calculation table and Böschenteyn using numerals
Adam Ries, Rechenung auff der linihen und federn (2nd Ed.), 1525
Robert Recorde, The ground of artes, 1543
Peter Apian, Kaufmanns Rechnung, 1527
Adam Ries, Rechenung auff der linihen und federn (2nd Ed.), 1525
Adoption in East Asia[edit]
In AD 690, Empress Wu promulgated Zetian characters, one of which was "〇". The word is now used as a synonym for the number zero.
In China, Gautama Siddha introduced Hindu numerals with zero in 718, but Chinese mathematicians did not find them useful, as they had already had the decimal positional counting rods.[21][22]
In Chinese numerals, a circle (〇) is used to write zero in Suzhou numerals. Many historians think it was imported from Indian numerals by Gautama Siddha in 718, but some Chinese scholars think it was created from the Chinese text space filler "□".[21]
Chinese and Japanese finally adopted the Hindu–Arabic numerals in the 19th century, abandoning counting rods.
Spread of the Western Arabic variant[edit]
An Arab telephone keypad with both the Western "Arabic numerals" and the Arabic "Arabic–Indic numerals" variants.
The "Western Arabic" numerals as they were in common use in Europe since the Baroque period have secondarily found worldwide use together with the Latin alphabet, and even significantly beyond the contemporary spread of the Latin alphabet, intruding into the writing systems in regions where other variants of the Hindu–Arabic numerals had been in use, but also in conjunction with Chinese and Japanese writing (see Chinese numerals, Japanese numerals).
See also[edit]
Arabic numerals
Decimal
Positional notation
Numeral system
History of mathematics
0 (number)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ David Eugene Smith and Louis Charles Karpinski, The Hindu–Arabic Numerals, 1911
Jump up ^ William Darrach Halsey, Emanuel Friedman (1983). Collier's Encyclopedia, with bibliography and index. When the Arabian empire was expanding and contact was made with India, the Hindu numeral system and the early algorithms were adopted by the Arabs
Jump up ^ Brezina, Corona (2006), Al-Khwarizmi: The Inventor of Algebra, The Rosen Publishing Group, pp. 39–40, ISBN 978-1-4042-0513-0 : "Historians have speculated on al-Khwarizmi's native language. Since he was born in a former Persian province, he may have spoken the Persian language. It is also possible that he spoke Khwarezmian, a language of the region that is now extinct."
Jump up ^ Rowlett, Russ (2004-07-04), Roman and "Arabic" Numerals, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, retrieved 2009-06-22
Jump up ^ Language may shape human thought, New Scientist, news service, Celeste Biever, 19:00 19 August 2004.
Jump up ^ Flegg (2002), p. 6ff.
Jump up ^ Lam Lay Yong: "The Development of Hindu-Arabic and Traditional Chinese Arithmetic", Chinese Science 13 (1996) p45 diagram i to viii
Jump up ^ Lam Lay Yong, "The Development of Hindu-Arabic and Traditional Chinese Arithmetic", Chinese Science, 1996 p38, Kurt Vogel notation
Jump up ^ Lam Lay Yong, Fleeting Footsteps ISBN 981-02-3696-4
Jump up ^ Lam Lay Yong, An Tian Se, Fleeting Footsteps, p47
Jump up ^ Lam Lay Yong, An Tian Se, Fleeting Footsteps, p42-44
Jump up ^ Lam Lay Yong, An Tian Se, Fleeting Footsteps, p143
Jump up ^ Pearce, Ian (May 2002). "The Bakhshali manuscript". The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
Jump up ^ Ifrah, G. The Universal History of Numbers: From prehistory to the invention of the computer. John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2000. Translated from the French by David Bellos, E.F. Harding, Sophie Wood and Ian Monk
Jump up ^ al-Qifti's Chronology of the scholars (early 13th century):
... a person from India presented himself before the Caliph al-Mansur in the year 776 who was well versed in the siddhanta method of calculation related to the movement of the heavenly bodies, and having ways of calculating equations based on the half-chord [essentially the sine] calculated in half-degrees ... Al-Mansur ordered this book to be translated into Arabic, and a work to be written, based on the translation, to give the Arabs a solid base for calculating the movements of the planets ...
Jump up ^ Martin Levey and Marvin Petruck, Principles of Hindu Reckoning, translation of Kushyar ibn Labban Kitab fi usul hisab al-hind, p3, University of Wisconsin Press, 1965
Jump up ^ Bill Casselman (February 2007). "All for Nought". Feature Column. AMS.
Jump up ^ Berggren, J. Lennart (2007). "Mathematics in Medieval Islam". The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook. Princeton University Press. p. 518. ISBN 978-0-691-11485-9.
Jump up ^ "Fibonacci Numbers". www.halexandria.org.
Jump up ^ Leonardo Pisano – page 3: "Contributions to number theory". Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2006. Retrieved 18 September 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Qian, Baocong (1964), Zhongguo Shuxue Shi (The history of Chinese mathematics), Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe
Jump up ^ Wáng, Qīngxiáng (1999), Sangi o koeta otoko (The man who exceeded counting rods), Tokyo: Tōyō Shoten, ISBN 4-88595-226-3
References[edit]
Flegg, Graham (2002). Numbers: Their History and Meaning. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-42165-1.
The Arabic numeral system – MacTutor History of Mathematics
Bibliography[edit]
Menninger, Karl W. (1969). Number Words and Number Symbols: A Cultural History of Numbers. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-13040-8.
On the genealogy of modern numerals by Edward Clive Bayley
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This page was last edited on 31 August 2017, at 19:46.
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