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Variation (music)
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This article is about the musical form. For other uses, see Variation (disambiguation).
Franz Schubert - Impromptu in B-flat
Franz Schubert's Impromptu in B flat (D 935) No. 3. A theme and variations based on a theme from Schubert's Rosamunde.
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In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve melody, rhythm, harmony, counterpoint, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.
Contents
[hide]
1 Variation techniques
1.1 Melodic Variation
1.2 Rhythmic Variation
1.3 Harmonic Variation
1.4 Minor Mode
1.5 Other examples
1.6 Variations on material originally by other composers
2 Variation form
3 History of variations
4 Improvised variations
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Variation techniques[edit]
Mozart’s Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman"(1785), known in the English-speaking world as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” exemplifies a number of common variation techniques. Here are the first eight bars of the theme:
Ah je vous dirai maman theme
Ah je vous dirai maman theme, bars 1-8
Melodic Variation[edit]
Mozart first variation decorates and elaborates the plain melodic line:
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 1
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 1
Rhythmic Variation[edit]
The fifth Variation breaks up the steady pulse and creates syncopated off-beats:
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 5
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 5
Harmonic Variation[edit]
The seventh variation introduces powerful new chords, which replace the simple harmonies originally implied by the theme with a prolongational series of descending fifths:
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 7
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 7
Minor Mode[edit]
In the elaborate 8th Variation, Mozart changes from the major to the parallel minor mode, while combining three techniques: counterpoint, suspensions and imitation:
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 8
Ah je vous dirai maman Var 8
A complete performance can be heard by following this link: Listen.
Other examples[edit]
Variation techniques are frequently used within pieces that are not themselves in the form of Theme and Variations. For example, when the opening two-bar phrase of Chopin’s Nocturne in F minor returns later in the piece, it is instantly repeated as an elegant melodic re-working:
Chopin Nocturne in F minor
Phrase and variation from Chopin's Nocturne in F minor.[1]
Debussy’s piano piece “Reflets dans l’Eau” (1905) opens with a sequence of chords:
Debussy Reflets dans l'Eau opening 2 bars
Debussy Reflets dans l'Eau, opening bars
- that opens out into arpeggios when it returns later in the piece:
Debussy Reflets dans l'Eau varied recapitulation of the opening
Debussy Reflets dans l'Eau, varied recapitulation of the opening
Follow this link for a complete performance of “Reflets dans l’Eau”. Sometimes melodic variation occurs simultaneously with the original. In Beethoven’s "Waldstein" piano sonata, the main ‘second subject’ theme of the opening movement, which is in sonata form, is heard in the pianist’s left hand, while the right hand plays a decorated version. (See also heterophony.)
Beethoven Waldstein sonata 1st movement second subject
Beethoven Waldstein 1st movement, bars 204-8
While most variations tend to elaborate on the given theme or idea, there are exceptions. In 1819, Anton Diabelli commissioned Viennese composers to create variations on a waltz that he had composed:
Theme by Anton Diabelli
Theme by Anton Diabelli
Beethoven contributed a mighty set of 33 variations on this theme. The thirteenth of these stands out in its seemingly wilful eccentricity and determination to reduce the given material to its bare bones:
Beethoven, Diabelli Variation No. 13
Beethoven, Diabelli Variation No. 13
Wilfrid Mellers describes this variation as “comically disruptive… The original tonal sequence is telescoped, the two-bar sequences being absorbed into the silences.” [2]
Variations on material originally by other composers[edit]
Main article: List of variations on a theme by another composer
Many composers have taken pieces composed by others as a basis for elaboration. John Dowland’s Lachrimae was frequently used by other composers as a basis for sets of variations during the 17th century. Composed in 1700, the final movement of Arcangelo Corelli’s Violin Sonata Op. 5 No. 9 opens with this rather sparse melodic line:
Corelli Violin Sonata Op 5 No 9
Corelli Violin Sonata Op 5 No 9
Corelli's fellow-composer and former student Francesco Geminiani produced a “playing version”[3] as follows:
Corelli Violin Sonata Op 5 No 9, performing version by Geminiani
Corelli Violin Sonata Op 5 No 9, performing version by Geminiani
According to Nicholas Cook, in Geminiani’s version “all the notes of Corelli’s violin line … are absorbed into a quite new melodic organization. With its characteristic rhythmic pattern, Geminiani’s opening is a tune in a way that Corelli’s is not… whereas in the original version the first four bars consist of an undifferentiated stream of quarter-notes and make up a single phrase, Geminiani’s version has three sequential repetitions of a distinctive one—bar phrase and a contrasted closing phrase, producing a strongly accented down-beat quality.” ”[4]
Jazz arrangers frequently develop variations on themes by other composers. For example, Gil Evans’ 1959 arrangement of George Gershwin’s song “Summertime” from the opera Porgy and Bess is an example of variation through changing orchestral timbre. At the outset, Evans presents a single variation that repeats five times in subtly differing instrumental combinations. These create a compelling background, a constantly changing sonic tapestry over which trumpeter Miles Davis freely improvises his own set of variations. Wilfrid Mellers (1964) wrote that "It called for an improviser of Davis's kind and quality to explore, through Gil Evans' arrangement, the tender frailty inherent in the 'Summer-time' tune... Between them, solo line and harmonic colour create a music that is at once innocent and tense with apprehension".[5]
Variation form[edit]
Variation forms include ground bass, passacaglia, chaconne, and theme and variations.[6] Ground bass, passacaglia and chaconne are typically based on brief ostinato motifs providing a repetitive harmonic basis and are also typically continuous evolving structures. 'Theme and variation' forms are however based specifically on melodic variation, in which the fundamental musical idea, or theme, is repeated in altered form or accompanied in a different manner. 'Theme and variation' structure generally begins with a theme (which is itself sometimes preceded by an introduction), typically between eight and thirty-two bars in length; each variation, particularly in music of the eighteenth century and earlier, will be of the same length and structure as the theme.[7] This form may in part have derived from the practical inventiveness of musicians; "Court dances were long; the tunes which accompanied them were short. Their repetition became intolerably wearisome, and inevitably led the player to indulge in extempore variation and ornament";[8] however, the format of the dance required these variations to maintain the same duration and shape of the tune.
Variation forms can be written as 'free-standing' pieces for solo instruments or ensembles, or can constitute a movement of a larger piece. Most jazz music is structured on a basic pattern of theme and variations.[9]
Examples include John Bull's Salvator Mundi, Bach's Canonic Variations on "Vom Himmel hoch da komm' ich her, Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, Violin Chaconne, and (D minor solo violin suite), Corelli's La Folia Variations, Beethoven's Diabelli Variations, the Finale of Brahms's Fourth Symphony, Variations on a Theme of Haydn, Op. 56, Elgar's Enigma Variations, Franck's Variations Symphoniques, and Richard Strauss's Don Quixote.[10] Both Schubert's Death and the Maiden Quartet and Trout Quintet take their titles from his songs used as variation movements.[10]
History of variations[edit]
Although the first isolated example emerged in the 14th century, works in theme-and-variation form first emerge in the early sixteenth century.[11] Possibly the earliest published example is the diferencias for vihuela by Luis de Narváez (1538).[7] A favorite form of variations in Renaissance music was divisions, a type in which the basic rhythmic beat is successively divided into smaller and smaller values. The basic principle of beginning with simple variations and moving on to more elaborate ones has always been present in the history of the variation form, since it provides a way of giving an overall shape to a variation set, rather than letting it just form an arbitrary sequence.
Keyboard works in variation form were written by a number of 16th-century English composers, including William Byrd, Hugh Aston and Giles Farnaby. Outstanding examples of early Baroque variations are the "ciaccone" of Claudio Monteverdi and Heinrich Schütz.[12] Two famous variation sets from the Baroque era, both originally written for harpsichord, are George Frideric Handel's The Harmonious Blacksmith set, and Johann Sebastian Bach's Goldberg Variations, BWV 988.
In the Classical era, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote a great number of variations, such as the first movement of his Piano Sonata in A, K. 331, or the finale of his Clarinet Quintet. Joseph Haydn specialized in sets of double variations, in which two related themes, usually minor and major, are presented and then varied in alternation; outstanding examples are the slow movement of his Symphony No. 103, the Drumroll, and the Variations in F minor for piano, H XVII:6.[7]
Ludwig van Beethoven wrote many variation sets in his career. Some were independent sets, for instance the Diabelli Variations, Op. 120, and the Eroica Variations in E♭ major, Op. 35. Others form single movements or parts of movements in larger works, such as first movement of the Piano Sonata No. 12, Op. 26, or the variations in the final movement of the Third Symphony (Eroica). Variation sets also occur in several of his late works, such as the slow movement of his String Quartet No. 12, Op. 127, the second movement of his final Piano Sonata No. 32, Op. 111, and the slow third movement of the Ninth Symphony, Op.125.
Franz Schubert wrote five variation sets using his own lieder as themes. Amongst them is the slow movement of his string quartet Death and the Maiden D. 810, an intense set of variations on his somber lied (D. 531) of the same title. Schubert's Piano Quintet in A (The Trout, D. 667) likewise includes variations on his song The Trout D. 550. The second movement of the Fantasie in C major comprises a set of variations on Der Wanderer; indeed the work as a whole takes its popular name from the lied.
In the Romantic era, the variation form was developed further. In 1824, Carl Czerny premiered his Variations for piano and orchestra on the Austrian National Hymn Gott erhalte Franz der Kaiser, Op. 73.[13] Frédéric Chopin wrote four sets for solo piano, and also the Variations on "La ci darem la mano" from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni, Op. 2, for piano and orchestra (1827). A further example of the form is Felix Mendelssohn's Variations sérieuses.
Johannes Brahms wrote a number of sets of variations; some of them rely on themes by older composers, for example the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel (1861; piano), and the Variations on a Theme by Haydn (1873; orchestra). The latter work is believed to be the first set of variations for orchestra alone that was a work in its own right, rather than part of a symphony, suite or other larger work.[14] Karl Goldmark's Rustic Wedding Symphony (1875) starts out with a set of variations as its first movement. Antonín Dvořák's Symphonic Variations (1877) and Edward Elgar's Enigma Variations (1899) are other well-known examples. Anton Arensky's Variations on a Theme by Tchaikovsky (1894) is among his most popular compositions.
Variation sets have also been composed by notable twentieth-century composers, including Sergei Rachmaninoff (Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini for piano and orchestra, and his variations for solo piano on themes by Chopin and Corelli), Charles Ives (Variations on "America", 1891), Ernő Dohnányi (Variations on a Nursery Tune for piano and orchestra, Op. 25, 1914), Arnold Schoenberg (Variations for Orchestra, Op. 31, and Theme and Variations, Opp. 43a and 43b), Igor Stravinsky (Pulcinella: XV Gavotta con due variazioni, 1920; Octet: II Tema con variazioni, 1922; Ebony Concerto: III, 1945; and Variations: Aldous Huxley in memoriam, 1963–64), Anton Webern (Variations, Op. 27 for piano, and Variations, Op. 30 for orchestra), Alban Berg (Act 1, Scene 4 and the beginning of Act 3 scene 1 of Wozzeck), George Gershwin (Variations on "I Got Rhythm" for piano and orchestra, 1934), Paul Hindemith (Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, 1943), Olivier Messiaen (Thème et variations for violin and piano, 1932), Benjamin Britten (including the Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge, 1937, and The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Purcell), 1946), Reinhold Glière (Harp Concerto in E-flat: II, 1938), William Walton (second movement of the Sonata for Violin and Piano, 1947–49, and Variations on a Theme by Hindemith, 1963), Leonard Bernstein (part 1 of his Symphony No. 2: The Age of Anxiety, 1949, is a Prologue and 14 variations), Luigi Nono (Variazioni canoniche sulla serie dell'op. 41 di A. Schönberg, 1950), Frederic Rzewski, Thirty-six Variations on "The People United Will Never Be Defeated!" (1975), Frans Geysen, De grote variatie for organ (1975), Cristóbal Halffter, Variaciones sobre la resonancia de un grito, for 11 instruments, tape, and live electronics (1976–77), Miklós Rózsa, Theme, Variations, and Finale (1933), John Cage, Variations I–VIII (1958–67), Hymns and Variations, for twelve amplified voices (1979), Ben Johnston, String Quartet No. 4 "Ascent" (Variations on "Amazing Grace", 1973), John McGuire, Forty-eight Variations, for two pianos (1976–80), Andrew Lloyd Webber, Variations for cello and rock band (1977), Steve Reich (Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards, 1979), and John Williams, Variations on "Happy Birthday" for orchestra (1995). An unusual option was taken in 1952 with the Variations on an Elizabethan Theme, a set of six variations on Sellenger's Round for string orchestra, in which each variation was written by a different composer, Lennox Berkeley, Benjamin Britten, Arthur Oldham, Humphrey Searle, Michael Tippett, and William Walton.
A significant sub-set of the above consists of variations on a theme by another composer.
Improvised variations[edit]
Skilled musicians can often improvise variations on a theme. This was commonplace in the Baroque era, when the da capo aria, particularly when in slow tempo, required the singer to be able to improvise a variation during the return of the main material. During this period, according to Nicholas Cook, it was often the case that "responsibility for the most highly elaborated stage in the compositional process fell not upon the composer but upon the executant. In their instrumental sonatas composers like Corelli, Geminiani, and Handel sometimes supplied the performer with only the skeleton of the music that was to be played; the ornamentation, which contributes crucially to the music’s effect, had to be provided by the performer." Cook cites Geminiani's elaboration of Corelli (see above) as an example of and instance "in which the composer, or a performer, wrote down a version of one of these movements as it was meant to be played."[15]
Musicians of the Classical era also could improvise variations; both Mozart (see Mozart's compositional method) and Beethoven made powerful impressions on their audiences when they improvised. Modern listeners can get a sense of what these improvised variations sounded like by listening to published works that evidently are written transcriptions of improvised performances, in particular Beethoven's Fantasia in G Minor, Op. 77,[16] and Mozart's Variations on an Aria by Gluck, K. 455.[17]
Improvisation of elaborate variations on a popular theme is one of the core genres of jazz. According to William Austin, the practice of jazz musicians "resembles the variations on popular songs composed for the keyboard at the end of the 16th century by Byrd, Bull, Sweelinck and Frescobaldi, more than the cumulative variations of Beethoven and Brahms."[18] Generally, the theme used is stated quite explicitly at the outset. However some jazz musicians employ a more oblique approach. According to Gamble (1984, p13) “Charlie Parker's performance of Embraceable You can be appreciated fully only if we are familiar with the tune, for unlike many jazz performances in which the theme is stated at the beginning, followed by improvisations on the theme, Parker launches almost immediately into improvisation, stating only a fragment of the tune at the end of the piece.”[19] Coleman Hawkins' famous interpretation of “Body and Soul” shows a similar approach. “On 11 October 1939, Coleman Hawkins went into New York's RCA studios with an eight-piece band to record the 1930 composition Body and Soul. It was already a favourite among jazz musicians, but nobody had ever played it like this. Pianist Gene Rodgers plays a straight four-bar introduction before Hawkins swoops in, soloing for three minutes without playing a single note of the tune, gliding over the chord changes with such harmonic logic that he ends up inventing bebop." [20]
Improvisation by means of spontaneous variations, ornaments, embellishments and/or alterations to a melody is the basis of most sub-Saharan African music (traditional and pop) extending from melody and harmony to form and rhythmic embellishments.
See also[edit]
Music portal
Composer tributes (classical music)
Developing variation
Inversion
Matrix (music)
Strophic form
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony
Tune-family
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ White (1976), p.63.
Jump up ^ Mellers, W. (1983, p. 386) Beethoven and the Voice of God. London, Faber.
Jump up ^ Cook, N. (1990, p.189) Music, Imagination and Culture. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Jump up ^ Cook, N. (1990, p.190) Music, Imagination and Culture. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Jump up ^ Mellers 1964, 356.
Jump up ^ Copland 2002, 115.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sisman 2001.
Jump up ^ Raymar 1931, 5.
Jump up ^ Hodeir and Pautrot 2006, 8.
^ Jump up to: a b White 1976, 64–65.
Jump up ^ Apel, Willi (1962) Harvard dictionary of music, p. 784
Jump up ^ Gerald Drebes: ‘‘Schütz, Monteverdi und die „Vollkommenheit der Musik“ – „Es steh Gott auf“ aus den „Symphoniae sacrae“ II (1647)‘‘. In: ‘‘Schütz-Jahrbuch‘‘, Jg. 14, 1992, p. 25-55. online: [1]
Jump up ^ American Symphony Orchestra: Dialogues and Extensions
Jump up ^ See Donald M. McCorkle, p. 5 in the Norton Scores edition of the Variations (ISBN 0-393-09206-2).
Jump up ^ Cook, N. (1990, p.189) Music, Imagination and Culture. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Jump up ^ Irmer 1985, 4.
Jump up ^ Braunbehrens 1990, 198.
Jump up ^ Austin 1966, 185.
Jump up ^ Gamble, T. (1984, p13) "Imagination and Understanding in the Music Curriculum", British Journal of Music Education, Vol. 1, No. 1. Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ Lewis, J. (2011) “Coleman Hawkins records Body and Soul: Number 14 in our series of the 50 key events in the history of jazz music.” Guardian, 17 June.
References[edit]
Austin, William. 1966. Music in the 20th Century. London: Dent.
Braunbehrens, Volkmar. 1990. Mozart in Vienna. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. ISBN 0-8021-1009-6.
Copland, Aaron. 2002. What to Listen for in Music. Revised edition of an authorized reprint of a hardcover edition published by McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York: Signet Classic. ISBN 0-451-52867-0.
Hodeir, André. 2006. The André Hodeir Jazz Reader, edited by Jean-Louis Pautrot. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09883-5.
Irmer, Otto von. 1986. Preface to Beethoven: Klavierstücke. Munich: G. Henle.
Mellers, Wilfred. 1964. Music in a New Found Land: Themes and Developments in the History of American Music. London: Barrie and Rockliff.
Raymar, Aubyn. 1931. Preface to Mozart: Miscellaneous Pieces for Pianforte, edited by York Bowen. London: Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music.
Sisman, Elaine. 2001. "Variations". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
White, John David. 1976. The Analysis of Music. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-033233-X.
Further reading[edit]
Ehrhardt, Damien. 1998. La variation chez Robert Schumann. Forme et évolution (Diss. Sorbonne 1997). Lille: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. ISBN 2-284-00573-X
Nelson, Robert U. 1948. The Technique of Variation; A Study of the Instrumental Variation from Antonio de Cabezón to Max Reger. University of California Publications in Music 3. Berkeley: University of California Press.
External links[edit]
Classical Music Pages: Variation
Variations on Greensleeves
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List of football stadiums in England
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of football stadiums in England, ranked in descending order of capacity. There is an extremely large number of football stadiums and pitches in England, so this list is not complete. It includes:
The stadiums of all 116 clubs in the top five tiers of the English football league system[1] as of the 2017–18 season (Premier League, Football League Championship, Football League One, Football League Two and National League), with rankings within each league given.
The stadiums of the 9 clubs in the top tier of women's football in England, the Women's Super League 1, as of 2017.
The stadiums of teams from England which play in national leagues of other football associations, as of the 2017–18 season (currently 2).
All other football stadiums with a capacity of at least 5,000.
A person who has watched a match at the stadiums of all 92 Premier League and Football League clubs in England and Wales may apply to join The 92 Club.
Contents
[hide]
1 Existing stadiums
2 Old stadiums
3 Future stadiums
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
Existing stadiums[edit]
1. Wembley Stadium
2. Old Trafford
3. Emirates Stadium
4. London Stadium
5. City of Manchester Stadium
6. Anfield
7. St James' Park
8. Stadium of Light
9. Villa Park
10. Stamford Bridge
Overall Rank
Stadium
Town / City
Capacity
Club
League (Tier)
Rank within League
Notes
1 Wembley Stadium London 7004900000000000000♠90,000 [2] England national football team National Stadium N/A Tottenham will use Wembley for home matches during the 2017–18 season while their new stadium is built.
Tottenham Hotspur Premier League
2 Old Trafford Manchester 7004756530000000000♠75,653 [3] Manchester United Premier League 1
3 Emirates Stadium London 7004602600000000000♠60,260 [4] Arsenal Premier League 2 Also known as Ashburton Grove.
4 London Stadium London 7004570000000000000♠57,000 [5] West Ham United Premier League 3 Previously known as the Olympic Stadium.
5 City of Manchester Stadium Manchester 7004550970000000000♠55,097 [6] Manchester City Premier League 4 Commercially known as the Etihad Stadium. Also known as CoMS and Eastlands.
6 Anfield Liverpool 7004540740000000000♠54,074 [7] Liverpool Premier League 5
7 St James' Park Newcastle upon Tyne 7004523380000000000♠52,338 [8] Newcastle United Premier League 6
8 Stadium of Light Sunderland 7004487070000000000♠48,707 [9] Sunderland Championship 1
9 Villa Park Birmingham 7004426600000000000♠42,660 [10] Aston Villa Championship 2
10 Stamford Bridge London 7004417980000000000♠41,798 [11] Chelsea Premier League 7
11 Hillsborough Stadium Sheffield 7004397320000000000♠39,732 [12] Sheffield Wednesday Championship 3
12 Goodison Park Liverpool 7004395710000000000♠39,571 [13] Everton Premier League 8
13 Elland Road Leeds 7004378900000000000♠37,890 [14] Leeds United Championship 4 Capacity reduced from 40,296 [15] to 37,890 [16] during 2010/2011 season
15 Riverside Stadium Middlesbrough 7004349880000000000♠34,988 [12] Middlesbrough Championship 5
16 Pride Park Stadium Derby 7004335970000000000♠33,597 [12] Derby County Championship 6
N/A[nb 1] Cardiff City Stadium Cardiff 7004332800000000000♠33,280 [12] Cardiff City Championship 7 Also home of Wales men's team.
17 Bramall Lane Sheffield 7004327020000000000♠32,702 [17] Sheffield United Championship 8
18 St Mary's Stadium Southampton 7004325050000000000♠32,505 [18] Southampton Premier League 10
19 Ricoh Arena Coventry 7004325000000000000♠32,500 [19][20] Coventry City League Two 1 Shared with Wasps of Rugby Union's Aviva Premiership.
20 King Power Stadium Leicester 7004323120000000000♠32,312 [21] Leicester City Premier League 11 Formerly known as the Walkers Stadium.
21 Molineux Wolverhampton 7004317000000000000♠31,700 [12] Wolverhampton Wanderers Championship 9
22 Ewood Park Blackburn 7004311540000000000♠31,154 [12] Blackburn Rovers League One 1
23 Falmer Stadium Brighton 7004307500000000000♠30,750 [12] Brighton & Hove Albion Premier League 12 Commercially known as The American Express Community Stadium (The AMEX).
24 City Ground Nottingham 7004305760000000000♠30,576 [22] Nottingham Forest Championship 10
25 Stadium mk Milton Keynes 7004305000000000000♠30,500 [12] Milton Keynes Dons League One 2
26 Portman Road Ipswich 7004303110000000000♠30,311 [12] Ipswich Town Championship 11
27 Bet365 Stadium Stoke-on-Trent 7004300890000000000♠30,089 [23] Stoke City Premier League 13 Formerly known as the Britannia Stadium.
28 St Andrew's Birmingham 7004300160000000000♠30,016 [24] Birmingham City Championship 12
29 Macron Stadium Bolton 7004287230000000000♠28,723 [12] Bolton Wanderers Championship 13 Formerly known as the Reebok Stadium.
30 Carrow Road Norwich 7004272240000000000♠27,224 [25] Norwich City Championship 14
31 The Valley London 7004271110000000000♠27,111 [12] Charlton Athletic League One 3
32 Ashton Gate Stadium Bristol 7004270000000000000♠27,000 [26] Bristol City Championship 15 Expansion completed ahead of the 2016/17 season.
33 The Hawthorns West Bromwich 7004268500000000000♠26,850 [27] West Bromwich Albion Premier League 14
34 Craven Cottage London 7004256780000000000♠25,678 [12] Fulham Championship 16
35 KCOM Stadium Kingston upon Hull 7004255860000000000♠25,586 [12] Hull City Championship 17 Shared with Super League team Hull F.C.
Formerly known as the KC Stadium.
36 Valley Parade Bradford 7004251360000000000♠25,136 [28] Bradford City League One 4 Commercially known as the Northern Commercials Stadium.
37 Selhurst Park London 7004260740000000000♠26,074 Crystal Palace Premier League 15
38 DW Stadium Wigan 7004250230000000000♠25,023 [29] Wigan Athletic League One 5 Previously known as the JJB Stadium. Shared with Wigan Warriors of Rugby League's Super League.
39 Kirklees Stadium Huddersfield 7004245000000000000♠24,500 [12] Huddersfield Town Premier League 16 Shared with Huddersfield Giants of Rugby League's Super League. Commercially known as the John Smith's Stadium, and formerly as the Alfred McAlpine Stadium and the Galpharm Stadium.
40 Madejski Stadium Reading 7004241610000000000♠24,161 [12] Reading Championship 18 Shared with London Irish of Rugby Union's Aviva Premiership.
41 Deepdale Preston 7004234080000000000♠23,408 [12] Preston North End Championship 19
42 Oakwell Barnsley 7004230090000000000♠23,009 [30] Barnsley Championship 20
43 Vicarage Road Watford 7004214380000000000♠21,438 [31] Watford Premier League 17
44 Turf Moor Burnley 7004214010000000000♠21,401 [12] Burnley Premier League 18
N/A[nb 1] Liberty Stadium Swansea 7004209090000000000♠20,909 [32] Swansea City Premier League 19 Shared with Ospreys of Rugby Union's Pro14.
45 Fratton Park Portsmouth 7004207000000000000♠20,700 [33] Portsmouth League One 6
46 Meadow Lane Nottingham 7004203000000000000♠20,300 [34] Notts County League Two 2
47 The Den London 7004201460000000000♠20,146 [35] Millwall Championship 21
48 Home Park Plymouth 7004195000000000000♠19,500 [36] Plymouth Argyle League One 7
49 Vale Park Stoke-on-Trent 7004189470000000000♠18,947 [37] Port Vale League Two 3
50 Loftus Road London 7004184890000000000♠18,489 [12] Queens Park Rangers Championship 22
51 Brunton Park Carlisle 7004182020000000000♠18,202 [38] Carlisle United League Two 4
52 Bloomfield Road Blackpool 7004173380000000000♠17,338 [39] Blackpool League One 8
53 Prenton Park Birkenhead 7004165870000000000♠16,587 [40] Tranmere Rovers National League 1
54 County Ground Swindon 7004157280000000000♠15,728 [41] Swindon Town League Two 5
55 Keepmoat Stadium Doncaster 7004152310000000000♠15,231 [42] Doncaster Rovers League One 9 Shared with Doncaster of Rugby League's Kingstone Press League 1.
Doncaster Rovers Belles Women's Super League 1 2
56 London Road Peterborough 7004143190000000000♠14,319 [43] Peterborough United League One 10 Commercially known as The ABAX Stadium.
57 Boundary Park Oldham 7004133090000000000♠13,309 [44] Oldham Athletic League One 11
58 Halton Stadium Widnes 7004133500000000000♠13,350 [45] Liverpool Ladies Women's Super League 1 1 Shared with Widnes Vikings of Rugby League's Super League. Also known as Halton Stadium (2001–2007) and Stobart Stadium, Halton (2008–2013). Formerly known as Naughton Park (1932–1999).
Everton Ladies
Widnes North West Counties Div 1 1
59 Griffin Park London 7004127630000000000♠12,763 [12] Brentford Championship 23
60 Kassam Stadium Oxford 7004125000000000000♠12,500 [46] Oxford United League One 12
61 Roots Hall Southend 7004123920000000000♠12,392 [47] Southend United League One 13
62 Memorial Stadium Bristol 7004123000000000000♠12,300 [48] Bristol Rovers League One 14
63 New York Stadium Rotherham 7004120210000000000♠12,021 [12] Rotherham League One 15
64 Gateshead International Stadium Gateshead 7004118000000000000♠11,800 [49] Gateshead National League 2
65 Gigg Lane Bury 7004116400000000000♠11,640 [50] Bury League One 16
66 Priestfield Stadium Gillingham 7004115820000000000♠11,582 [51] Gillingham League One 17
67 Dean Court Bournemouth 7004114640000000000♠11,464 [52] Bournemouth Premier League 20 Commercially known as the Vitality Stadium.
68 Bescot Stadium Walsall 7004113000000000000♠11,300 [53] Walsall League One 18 Commercially known as the Banks's Stadium.
69 Edgeley Park Stockport 7004108320000000000♠10,832 [54] Stockport County National League North (6) 1
70 The Shay Halifax 7004105610000000000♠10,561 [55] Halifax Town National League 3 Shared with Halifax of Rugby League's Kingstone Press Championship.
N/A[nb 1] Racecourse Ground Wrexham 7004105000000000000♠10,500 [56] Wrexham National League 4 Capacity does not include the closed Kop Terrace. Shared with North Wales Crusaders of Rugby League's Kingstone Press League 1.
71 Proact Stadium Chesterfield 7004104000000000000♠10,400 [57] Chesterfield League Two 6 Formerly known as the B2net Stadium.
72 Kenilworth Road Luton 7004103560000000000♠10,356 [58] Luton Town League Two 7
73 Adams Park Wycombe 7004103000000000000♠10,300 [59] Wycombe Wanderers League Two 8
74 Spotland Rochdale 7004102490000000000♠10,249 [60] Rochdale League One 19 Shared with Rochdale Hornets of Rugby League's Kingstone Press League 1.
75 Sincil Bank Lincoln 7004101300000000000♠10,130 [61] Lincoln City League Two 9
76 Colchester Community Stadium Colchester 7004101050000000000♠10,105 [62] Colchester United League Two 10 Commercially known as the Weston Homes Community Stadium.
77 Alexandra Stadium Crewe 7004100660000000000♠10,066 [63] Crewe Alexandra League Two 11
78 Field Mill Mansfield 7004100000000000000♠10,000 [64] Mansfield Town League Two 12 Commercially known as the One Call Stadium.
79 Greenhous Meadow Shrewsbury 7003987500000000000♠9,875 [65] Shrewsbury Town League One 20
80 Huish Park Yeovil 7003966500000000000♠9,665 [66] Yeovil Town League Two 13
Yeovil Town Ladies Women's Super League 1 3
81 Abbey Stadium Cambridge 7003961700000000000♠9,617 [67] Cambridge United League Two 14 Commercially known as the R Costings Abbey Stadium.
82 Blundell Park Cleethorpes 7003954600000000000♠9,546 [68] Grimsby Town League Two 15
83 Brisbane Road London 7003927100000000000♠9,271 [69] Leyton Orient National League 5 Commercially known as the Matchroom Stadium.
84 Glanford Park Scunthorpe 7003918300000000000♠9,183 [70] Scunthorpe United League One 21
85 Twerton Park Bath 7003888000000000000♠8,880 [71] Bath City National League South (6) 1
86 St James Park Exeter 7003883000000000000♠8,830 [72] Exeter City League Two 16
87 Bootham Crescent York 7003787200000000000♠7,872 [73] York City National League North 2 Formerly commercially known as KitKat Crescent Stadium.
88 Victoria Park Hartlepool 7003783300000000000♠7,833 [74] Hartlepool United National League 6
89 Sixfields Stadium Northampton 7003775000000000000♠7,750 [75] Northampton Town League One 22
90 Recreation Ground Aldershot 7003710000000000000♠7,100 [76] Aldershot Town National League 7 Commercially known as the EBB Stadium.
91 Whaddon Road Cheltenham 7003706600000000000♠7,066 [77] Cheltenham Town League Two 17 Commercially known as the World of Smile Stadium.
N/A[nb 1] Rodney Parade Newport 7003701200000000000♠7,012 [78] Newport County League Two 18 Shared with Dragons of Rugby Union's Pro14 and Newport RFC of the Welsh Premier Division.
92 Academy Stadium Manchester 7003700000000000000♠7,000 [79] Manchester City Women's F.C. Women's Super League 1 4
93 Broadhall Way Stevenage 7003692000000000000♠6,920 [80] Stevenage League Two 19 Commercially known as the Lamex Stadium.
94 Pirelli Stadium Burton-upon-Trent 7003691200000000000♠6,912 [81] Burton Albion Championship 24
95 York Street Boston 7003664300000000000♠6,643 [82] Boston United National League North (6) 3
96= Plainmoor Torquay 7003650000000000000♠6,500 [83] Torquay United National League 8
96= Bower Fold Stalybridge 7003650000000000000♠6,500 [84] Stalybridge Celtic Northern Premier League 3
98 Globe Arena Morecambe 7003647600000000000♠6,476 [85] Morecambe League Two 20
99 Moss Rose Macclesfield 7003633500000000000♠6,335 [86] Macclesfield Town National League 9
100 New Bucks Head Telford 7003630000000000000♠6,300 [87] Telford United National League North (6) 5
101 Aggborough Kidderminster 7003623800000000000♠6,238 [88] Kidderminster Harriers National League North (6) 6
Worcester City National League South (6) 2
102 Moss Lane Altrincham 7003608500000000000♠6,085 [89] Altrincham Northern Premier League 4
103 Haig Avenue Southport 7003600800000000000♠6,008 [91] Southport National League North 3
104= Victoria Road Dagenham 7003600000000000000♠6,000 [92] Dagenham & Redbridge National League 10 Commercially known as the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham Stadium.
104= Kingfield Stadium Woking 7003600000000000000♠6,000 [93] Woking National League 11
104= Mill Farm Kirkham, Lancashire 7003600000000000000♠6,000 [94] A.F.C. Fylde National League 12
104= The Camrose Basingstoke 7003600000000000000♠6,000 [95] Basingstoke Town Southern Football League Premier Division (7) 1 Commercially known as the Soccer AM Stadium.
104= Cherrywood Road Farnborough 7003600000000000000♠6,000 [96] Farnborough Southern Football League Division One Central (8) 1
Reading Women Women's Super League 1 5
108 Broadfield Stadium Crawley 7003599600000000000♠5,996 [97] Crawley Town League Two 21 Commercially known as the Checkatrade.com Stadium.
109 Crabble Athletic Ground Dover 7003574500000000000♠5,745 [98] Dover Athletic National League 12
110 Highbury Stadium Fleetwood 7003531100000000000♠5,311 [99] Fleetwood Town League One 23
111 West Leigh Park Havant 7003525000000000000♠5,250 [100] Havant & Waterlooville Isthmian League Premier Division (7) 1
Portsmouth Ladies Women's Premier League South 1
112 The Hive Stadium London 7003523300000000000♠5,233 [101] Barnet League Two 22
London Bees Women's Super League 2 4
113 Silverlake Stadium Eastleigh 7003519200000000000♠5,192 [102] Eastleigh National League 13
114 The New Lawn Nailsworth 7003514000000000000♠5,140 [103] Forest Green Rovers League Two 23
115 Deva Stadium Chester 7003512600000000000♠5,126 [104] Chester National League 14 Straddles the England–Wales border.
116 Crown Ground Accrington 7003505700000000000♠5,057 [105] Accrington Stanley League Two 24
117 Gander Green Lane London 7003501300000000000♠5,013 [106] Sutton United National League 15
118 Stonebridge Road Northfleet 7003501100000000000♠5,011 [107] Ebbsfleet United National League 16
119 Fortress Stadium Bromley 7003500000000000000♠5,000 [108] Bromley National League 17
Other Listed Stadiums
Kingsmeadow London 7003485000000000000♠4,850 [109] Wimbledon League One 24
Kingstonian Isthmian League Premier Division (7) 2
Meadow Park Borehamwood 7003450000000000000♠4,500 [110] Boreham Wood National League 18
Arsenal Ladies Women's Super League 1 6
Holker Street Barrow-in-Furness 7003504500000000000♠5,045 [111] Barrow National League 19
Shielfield Park Berwick-upon-Tweed 7003413100000000000♠4,131 [112] Berwick Rangers Scottish League Two N/A
Cressing Road Braintree 7003415100000000000♠4,151 [113] Braintree Town National League North 10
York Road Maidenhead 7003333700000000000♠3,337 [114] Maidenhead United National League 21
Damson Park Solihull 7003305000000000000♠3,050 [115] Solihull Moors National League 22
Birmingham City Ladies Women's Super League 1 7
Gallagher Stadium Maidstone 7003300000000000000♠3,000 [116] Maidstone United National League 23
Nethermoor Park Guiseley 7003300000000000000♠3,000 [117] Guiseley National League 24
Wheatsheaf Park Staines 7003300900000000000♠3,009 [118] Chelsea Ladies Women's Super League 1 8
Staines Town Isthmian League Premier Division (7) 13
Eppleton Colliery Football Ground, The Hetton Centre Hetton-le-Hole 7003200000000000000♠2,000[119] Sunderland Ladies Women's Super League 9
Park Hall Oswestry 7003200000000000000♠2,000 [120] The New Saints Welsh Premier League N/A
Old stadiums[edit]
Main article: List of defunct English football stadiums
Following crowd troubles in the 1980s, and regulations imposed after the Taylor Report, several English league stadiums have been built or completely redeveloped in the last few years. Prior to 1988, however, the last newly built Football League ground in England was Roots Hall, Southend, which was opened in 1955.
Future stadiums[edit]
Stadiums which are currently in development include:
Stadium
Capacity
Club
Notes
Northumberland Development Project (unofficial name) c. 62,062 Tottenham Hotspur In October 2008, the club announced that, if approved, it was planning to build a new 56,000+ capacity stadium just to the north of the existing stadium at White Hart Lane, with the southern half of the new stadium's pitch located on the northwest corner of the Lane. The unique design of the build would allow the new stadium to be built adjacent to White Hart Lane as the old facility continues to be used for the team. During the summer after 2/3 of the new stadium was complete, the northern and western stands would be demolished and a new pitch laid. The rest of the stadium would be built in the years to follow. If it is built, club chairman Daniel Levy has stated that it will not adopt the White Hart Lane name, but will instead be named after a sponsor. The new stadium is scheduled to be completed in 2018 in time for the start of the 2018–19 season, but will require Spurs to play their 2017–18 home fixtures at an alternative venue while the final stages of the stadium's construction are completed. The plans were subsequently approved by Haringey Council and construction on the foundations for the new stadium had already begun by early July 2015 when it was reported that the proposed capacity of the new stadium had been increased to around 61,000 (which would make it the largest club ground in London); that it would feature a single-tier southern stand holding 17,000 fans (that would be the largest of its kind in the country);[121] that it would incorporate a fully retractable pitch (making the stadium multi-use and capable of hosting other sporting, entertainment and community events); and that it would also host two NFL games every season for at least the first decade of its existence.[122] On 29 January 2018, Tottenham applied to Haringey Borough Council to extend capacity of the new stadium to 62,000 seats.
City of Manchester Stadium (redevelopment) c. 61,000 Manchester City In August 2015 construction of the first two phases of stadium expansion were completed and subsequently passed all safety requirements at a specially organised test event on 12 August 2015. The South Stand has been extended with the addition of a third tier of seats and three rows of additional pitchside seating have also been added to all stands, expanding the current capacity of CoMS to 55,097. A final expansion phase, adding a matching third tier to the North Stand, is expected to commence some time shortly (but the work schedule is still to be publicly announced). Completion of this third expansion phase will bring the stadium's total capacity to in excess of 61,000.[123]
Stamford Bridge (redevelopment) c. 60,000 Chelsea On 30 June 2015, Chelsea unveiled plans to expand the stadium to a 60,000 seater. The exhibition held at Stamford Bridge, for local residents, businesses, season ticket holders and members provided a glimpse for Chelsea fans of blueprints for a rebuilt 60,000 stadium which has been referred to as "a cathedral of football". The design pays homage to the club’s history as their one and only venue.[124]
Bramley Moore c. TBA Everton On 24 March 2017, Everton announced they had agreed to purchase the land at Bramley-Moore Dock located in Vauxhall, Liverpool with intent to build a new £300m-plus stadium.[125]
Anfield (redevelopment) c. 59,000 Liverpool Construction for an extension to the Main Stand began on 8 December 2014.[126] This extension increased the stadium capacity to 54,074, making it one of the largest all-seater single stands in European football.[127] There are future plans to expand the Anfield Road Stand which would bring the stadium size to around 59,000.[128]
UWE Stadium c. 20,000 Bristol Rovers Bristol Rovers F.C. has plans to join in partnership with the University of the West of England to build a 20,000 all-seater bowl-shaped stadium on the Frenchay campus with a banqueting and hospitality suite, club shop, convenience store, crèche, jogging track, and public gym. Planning permission to sell the Memorial Stadium to Sainsbury's was granted but campaign from local group TRASHorfield blocked the development leading to a judicial review.[129] The judicial review took place in March 2014 with the judge ruling in favour of Bristol Rovers with over 1200 people signing a petition.[130] As of April 2014, it was unclear as to when the development could commence.
Power Court Stadium Project c. 17,500 Luton Town Proposed new stadium for Luton Town on the Power Court area of Luton town centre. Aiming for completion by the start of the 2020–21 season.[131]
Brentford Community Stadium c. 17,250 Brentford New stadium under construction due for completion in late 2019. The stadium could also house rugby union side London Irish.[132]
New AFC Wimbledon Stadium c. 11,000 Wimbledon Proposed new stadium for AFC Wimbledon at the site of Wimbledon Stadium, a former greyhound racing facility. Aiming for completion by the start of the 2019–20 season.[133][134]
York Community Stadium c. 8,000 York City Proposed community stadium to be run by City of York Council and shared with York City Knights.[135]
Project Blue Yonder tbd Carlisle United Proposed new stadium for Carlisle United with a tentative target date of the start of the 2018–19 season. It is locally known as the "Blue Yonder" project due to its location outside the city.[136]
See also[edit]
Record home attendances of English football clubs
List of Scottish football stadiums by capacity
List of football stadiums in Wales by capacity
List of association football stadiums by capacity
List of European stadiums by capacity
Development of stadiums in English football
List of Premier League stadiums
List of British stadiums by capacity
List of English Rugby Union stadiums by capacity
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Although Cardiff, Swansea, Wrexham and Newport play in the English leagues, their stadiums are located in Wales and therefore, although included on this list, do not affect the numbers of the rankings.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ This includes, for reference, stadiums located outside England of any Welsh clubs (currently 4) that compete in these top five tiers.
Jump up ^ "Presspack". Wembley Stadium. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Manchester United – Old Trafford". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Arsenal – Emirates Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "London Stadium capacity clarification | West Ham United". www.whufc.com. 2017-01-08. Archived from the original on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
Jump up ^ "Manchester City – Etihad Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool – Anfield". Liverpool Official Website ' 'New Anfield capacity confirmed as 54,074 . September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Newcastle United – St. James' Park". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sunderland – Stadium of Light". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aston Villa – Villa Park". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Chelsea – Stamford Bridge". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Marshall-Bailey, Tom (19 June 2015). "2015/16 Championship: A guide to each and every one of the 24 grounds next season". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Trinity Mirror North West. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Everton – Goodison Park". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Club – Leeds United". leedsunited.com. Leeds United. September 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "LEODIS".
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Bramall Lane – Sheffield United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Southampton – St. Mary's Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ricoh Arena – Coventry City". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Coventry City to close Ricoh Arena stand for improved atmosphere". BBC Sport. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Leicester City – King Power Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "City Ground – Nottingham Forest". Football Ground Guide (FGG entry last updated). 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Stoke City – Brittania Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "St. Andrew's (Stadium) – Birmingham City". Football Ground Guide (FGG entry last updated). 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Norwich City – Carrow Road". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/ashton-gate-a-fans-guide-to-bristol-city-s-new-look-stadium-ahead-of-wigan-game/story-29586279-detail/story.html
Jump up ^ "West Bromwich Albion – The Hawthorns". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 1 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Valley Parade – Bradford City". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "DW Stadium – Wigan Athletic". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Oakwell – Barnsley". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Watford – Vicarage Road". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swansea City – Liberty Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fratton Park – Portsmouth". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Meadow Lane – Notts County". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Den – Millwall". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Home Park – Plymouth Argyle". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Vale Park – Port Vale". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brunton Park – Carlisle United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bloomfield Road – Blackpool". Football Tripper. 6 August 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Prenton Park – Tranmere Rovers". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "County Ground, Swindon – Swindon Town". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Keepmoat Stadium – Doncaster Rovers". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "London Road Stadium – Peterborough United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Boundary Park – Oldham Athletic". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Widnes Vikings Ground guide – Select Security Stadium". Love Rugby League Ground Guide. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kassam Stadium – Oxford United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Roots Hall – Southend United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Memorial Stadium (Bristol) – Bristol Rovers". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gateshead International Stadium – Gateshead". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gigg Lane – Bury". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Priestfield Stadium – Gillingham". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "AFC Bournemouth – Vitality Stadium". premierleague.com. Premier League (PL entry last updated). August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bescot Stadium – Walsall". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Edgeley Park – Stockport County". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Shay – FC Halifax Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Racecourse Ground – Wrexham". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Proact Stadium – Chesterfield". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kenilworth Road – Luton Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Adams Park – Wycombe Wanderers". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Spotland Stadium – Rochdale". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sincil Bank – Lincoln City". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Colchester Community Stadium – Colchester United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Alexandra Stadium – Crewe Alexandra". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Field Mill – Mansfield Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Greenhous Meadow – Shrewsbury Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Huish Park – Yeovil Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Abbey Stadium – Cambridge United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Blundell Park – Grimsby Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brisbane Road – Leyton Orient". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Glanford Park – Scunthorpe United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Twerton Park – Bath City". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "St James Park – Exeter City". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bootham Crescent – York City". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Victoria Park, Hartlepool – Hartlepool United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sixfields Stadium – Northampton Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Recreation Ground (Aldershot) – Aldershot Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Whaddon Road – Cheltenham Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rodney Parade – Newport County". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Academy Stadium". Manchester City F.C. Retrieved 3 June 2015. This stadium will become home to MCWFC in 2015.
Jump up ^ "Broadhall Way – Stevenage". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pirelli Stadium – Burton Albion". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "York Street – Boston United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Plainmoor – Torquay United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bower Field – Stalybridge Celtic". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Globe Arena (football stadium) – Morecambe". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Moss Rose – Macclesfield Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Bucks Head – AFC Telford United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Aggborough – Kidderminster Harriers". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Moss Lane – Altrincham". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Keys Park – Hednesford Town".
Jump up ^ "Haig Avenue – Southport". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Victoria Rad (Stadium) – Dagenham & Redbridge". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kingfield Stadium – Woking". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mill Farm – Kirkham". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Camrose – Basingstoke Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Paddy Power Park". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Broadfield Stadium – Crawley Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Crabbie Athletic Ground – Dover Athletic". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Highbury Stadium, Fleetwood – Fleetwood Town". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Westleigh Park". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Hive Stadium – Barnet". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Stadium Guide". Eastleigh FC. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "The New Lawn – Forest Green Rovers". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Deva Stadium – Chester". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Crown Ground – Accrington". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Borough Sports Ground – Sutton United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Stonebridge Road – Ebbsfleet United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fortress Stadium, Bromley – Bromley". Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kingsmeadow – AFC Wimbledon". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Boreham Wood FC Meadow Park". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Barrow AFC!". Barrow AFC. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Shieldfield Park – Berwick Rangers". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cressing Road – Braintree Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Miadenhead United". Windsor Express. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Solihull Moors". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maidstone United". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ground Info". Guiseley AFC. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Staines Town". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Eppleton Colliery Football Ground". Soccerway. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Park Hall (football ground) – The New Saints". Football Ground Guide. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tottenham's new stadium will make Spurs London's 'biggest club' with 61,000 capacity". London Evening Standard. Evening Standard Ltd. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Club and NFL announce agreement for NFL games to be played in New Stadium". THFC OWS. Tottenham Hotspur F.C. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "The stadium expansion". MCFC OWS. Manchester City F.C. Retrieved 13 August 2015. If this phase is completed, there will be another 6,000 additional seats, taking the stadium’s capacity to approximately 61,000, making the Etihad the second largest stadium in the Premier League.
Jump up ^ Sale, Charles (30 June 2015). "Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich will unveil Stamford Bridge expansion plans as club aim to increase capacity to 60,000". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Jump up ^ https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/mar/23/everton-waterfront-bramley-moore-dock-merseyside-stadium
Jump up ^ "Carillion to start work on £75m Anfield expansion". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 January 2015
Jump up ^ "Liverpool officially open new Main Stand at Anfield". Retrieved 9 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool's Anfield stadium expansion: Construction to begin on Monday". BBC News. 4 December 2014.
Jump up ^ BBC News – Bristol Rovers supermarket plan: Council 'fury' over opposition
Jump up ^ Bristol Rovers stadium back on track after judge rejects TRASHorfield's judicial review | Bristol Post
Jump up ^ http://www.2020developments.co.uk/powercourt/index.php
Jump up ^ http://www.brentfordcommunitystadium.com
Jump up ^ "AFC Wimbledon given permission to build new stadium at Plough Lane". The Guardian. 11 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Wimbledon Stadium demolition 'to start in April' – Haydons Road North Community Site". Haydonsroadnorthcommunity.wordpress.com. 11 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Fifield, Nicola (23 December 2010). "Artist's impressions of York's community stadium revealed". The Press. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Colman, Jon (24 October 2014). "Carlisle United hope to be in new stadium for 2018". News & Star. CN Media. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
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values: Ingalaterrako futbol estadioen zerrenda – Basque

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values: ورزشگاه‌های فوتبال انگلستان – Persian

values: Liste des stades de football anglais – French

values: Sąrašas:Anglijos futbolo stadionai – Lithuanian

values:
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values: Angol labdarúgó-stadionok listája – Hungarian

values:
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values: Lijst van voetbalstadions in Engeland – Dutch

values: Lista stadionów piłkarskich w Anglii – Polish

values: Список футбольных стадионов Англии – Russian

values: List of English football stadiums by capacity – Simple English

values: İngiltere'deki futbol stadyumları listesi – Turkish

values: Список футбольних стадіонів Англії – Ukrainian

values: 英格蘭足球場列表 – Chinese

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