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The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
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"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
"Ichabod Crane pursued by the Headless Horseman",
by F.O.C. Darley, 1849
Author
Washington Irving
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
The Sketch Book
Genre(s)
Speculative fiction
Published in
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
Media type
Hardback & Paperback
Publication date
1820
Published in English
1820
Preceded by
"The Angler"
Followed by
"L'Envoy"
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
The short story read by Chip from the LibriVox project.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story of speculative fiction by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.. Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was first published in 1820. Along with Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction with enduring popularity, especially during Halloween because of a character known as the Headless Horseman believed to be a Hessian soldier who lost his head to a cannonball in battle.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Background
3 Film and television variations
4 Stage and music adaptations
5 Audio adaptations
6 Geographic impact
6.1 Place names
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Plot[edit]
From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by name of Sleepy Hollow ... A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere.
—  Washington Irving, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
The story is set in 1790 in the countryside around the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town (historical Tarrytown, New York), in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. Sleepy Hollow is renowned for its ghosts and the haunting atmosphere that pervades the imaginations of its inhabitants and visitors. Some residents say this town was bewitched during the early days of the Dutch settlement. Other residents say an old Native American chief, the wizard of his tribe, held his powwows here before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson. The most infamous spectre in the Hollow is the Headless Horseman, said to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper that had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head".
The "Legend" relates the tale of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer, Baltus Van Tassel. Ichabod Crane, a Yankee and an outsider, sees marriage to Katrina as a means of procuring Van Tassel's extravagant wealth. Bones, the local hero, vies with Ichabod for Katrina's hand, playing a series of pranks on the jittery schoolmaster, and the fate of Sleepy Hollow's fortune weighs in the balance for some time. The tension among the three is soon brought to a head. On a placid autumn night, the ambitious Crane attends a harvest party at the Van Tassels' homestead. He dances, partakes in the feast, and listens to ghostly legends told by Brom and the locals, but his true aim is to propose to Katrina after the guests leave. His intentions, however, are ill-fated.
After having failed to secure Katrina's hand, Ichabod rides home "heavy-hearted and crestfallen" through the woods between Van Tassel's farmstead and the Sleepy Hollow settlement. As he passes several purportedly haunted spots, his active imagination is engorged by the ghost stories told at Baltus' harvest party. After nervously passing under a lightning-stricken tulip tree purportedly haunted by the ghost of British spy Major André, Ichabod encounters a cloaked rider at an intersection in a menacing swamp. Unsettled by his fellow traveler's eerie size and silence, the teacher is horrified to discover that his companion's head is not on his shoulders, but on his saddle. In a frenzied race to the bridge adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground, where the Hessian is said to "vanish, according to rule, in a flash of fire and brimstone" upon crossing it, Ichabod rides for his life, desperately goading his temperamental plow horse down the Hollow. However, to Crane's horror, the ghoul clambers over the bridge, rears his horse, and hurls his severed head into Ichabod's terrified face.
The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was said "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related". Indeed, the only relics of the schoolmaster's flight are his wandering horse, trampled saddle, discarded hat, and a mysterious shattered pumpkin. Although the nature of the Headless Horseman is left open to interpretation, the story implies that the ghost was really Brom (an agile stunt rider) in disguise. Irving's narrator concludes, however, by stating that the old Dutch wives continue to promote the belief that Ichabod was "spirited away by supernatural means", and a legend develops around his disappearance and sightings of his melancholy spirit.
Background[edit]
The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane (1858) by John Quidor
Irving wrote The Sketch Book during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins. Headless horsemen were staples of Northern European storytelling, featuring in German, Irish (e.g., Dullahan), Scandinavian (e.g., the Wild Hunt), and English legends, and were included in Robert Burns's poem "Tam o' Shanter" (1790) and Bürger's Der wilde Jäger, translated as The Wild Huntsman (1796). Usually viewed as omens of ill-fortune for those who chose to disregard their apparitions, these specters found their victims in proud, scheming persons and characters with hubris and arrogance.[2] One particularly influential rendition of this folktale was recorded by the German folklorist Karl Musäus.[3]
During the height of the American Revolutionary War, Irving writes that the country surrounding Tarry Town "was one of those highly-favored places which abound with chronicle and great men. The British and American line had run near it during the war; it had, therefore, been the scene of marauding, and infested with refugees, cow-boys, and all kinds of border chivalry."
After the Battle of White Plains in October 1776, the country south of the Bronx River was abandoned by the Continental Army and occupied by the British. The Americans were fortified north of Peekskill, leaving Westchester County a 30-mile stretch of scorched and desolated no-man's land, vulnerable to outlaws, raiders, and vigilantes. Besides droves of Loyalist rangers and British light infantry, Hessian Jägers—renowned sharpshooters and horsemen—were among the raiders who often skirmished with Patriot militias.[4] The Headless Horseman, said to be a decapitated Hessian soldier, may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of just such a Jäger's headless corpse found in Sleepy Hollow after a violent skirmish, and later buried by the Van Tassel family, in an unmarked grave in the Old Dutch Burying Ground.[5] The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Hollow.
Irving, while he was an aide-de-camp to New York Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, met an army captain named Ichabod Crane in Sackets Harbor, New York during an inspection tour of fortifications in 1814. Irving may have patterned the character in "The Legend" after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.[6] The inspiration for the character of Katrina Van Tassel is uncertain.
Ichabod Crane, Respectfully Dedicated to Washington Irving. William J. Wilgus (1819–53), artist Chromolithograph, c. 1856
The story was the longest one published as part of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon".[7] With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches. Both stories are often paired together in books and other representations, and both are included in surveys of early American literature and Romanticism.[8] Irving's depictions of regional culture and his themes of progress versus tradition, supernatural intervention in the commonplace, and the plight of the individual outsider in an homogeneous community permeate both stories and helped to develop a unique sense of American cultural and existential selfhood during the early 19th century.[9]
Film and television variations[edit]
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Will Rogers as Ichabod Crane in The Headless Horseman (1922)
Notable film and television variations include:
The Headless Horseman (1922), a silent film directed by Edward Venturini and starring Will Rogers as Ichabod Crane. It was filmed on location in New York's Hudson River Valley.
The Headless Horseman (1934), a ComiColor Cartoon short produced by Ub Iwerks.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), an animated adaptation of the story directed by James Algar, Clyde Geronimi, and Jack Kinney, produced by Walt Disney Productions, and narrated by Bing Crosby. (It is paired with a similar treatment of Kenneth Grahame's novel The Wind in the Willows (1908).) The climactic ride is more extended than in the original story, and the possibility is stressed that the visually impressive Horseman is in fact a ghost rather than a human in disguise. Later the Sleepy Hollow portion of the film was separated from the companion film and shown separately as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1958).
Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special, original airdate November 1, 1970, presented adaptations of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip van Winkle. Produced by Air Programs International (API)
A short animated version produced in 1972, narrated by John Carradine and shown in theaters a year later with Charlotte's Web (1973).
"The Headless Horseman of Halloween" (1976), an episode of The Scooby-Doo Show.
A CBS special titled Once Upon A Midnight Dreary featured an adaptation of the story, narrated by Vincent Price, featuring René Auberjonois as Ichabod Crane, Guy Boyd as Brom Bones, Pamela Brown as Katrina Van Tassell, and Robert Foster as the Headless Horseman.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980), a television film directed by Henning Schellerup and filmed in Utah, with Jeff Goldblum as Ichabod Crane, Meg Foster as Katrina, and Richard Butkus as Brahm Bones. Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie.[10] The film, not closely adapted from the original story, depicts Crane as a skeptic regarding ghosts and the supernatural, although it foreshadows Tim Burton's similar 1999 treatment.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1985), an episode of Shelley Duvall's Tall Tales and Legends, stars Ed Begley, Jr. as Ichabod Crane, Beverly D'Angelo as Katrina Van Tassel, Tim Thomerson as Brom, and Charles Durning as Doffue Van Tassel, who is also the narrator. It was produced and hosted by Shelley Duvall.
Murder, She Wrote Season 3, Episode 11 "The Night of Headless Horseman", was aired on 1/4/1987 about a shy lovelorn poet (Thom Bray) was run down by headless horseman.
In 1988, PBS and Rabbit Ears Productions produced a multi-award-winning animated adaptation and a subsequent book depicting the story. The production was illustrated, directed, and adapted by Robert Van Nutt, composed by Tim Story, and narrated by Glenn Close.
An episode of The Real Ghostbusters, which featured a descendant of Ichabod Crane's, cursed by a headless apparition on a motorcycle who viciously pursues men to whom she is attracted.
The "Chopper", an episode of Kolchak: The Night Stalker, starring Darren McGavin, which features a headless motorcycle rider who decapitates his victims, an allusion to the traditional Headless Horseman legend.
"The Tale of the Midnight Ride", a season 3 episode of the Nickelodeon horror anthology television series Are You Afraid of the Dark?, serves as a sequel to the classic story. In this episode a boy named Ian Matthews moves to Sleepy Hollow, New York, where he develops a crush on Katie. One night after the Halloween dance, they see the ghost of Ichabod Crane and send him over the bridge that the Headless Horseman cannot cross, unintentionally prompting the Headless Horseman to pursue them instead of Crane.
"Sugar-Frosted Frights", an episode of Rocko's Modern Life, parodies the character as the Hopping Hessian, who carries his right leg instead of his head.
In "Halloween Hound: The Legend of Creepy Collars" (1997), the second-season premiere of the PBS series Wishbone, Wishbone imagines himself as Ichabod Crane and re-enacts the Headless Horseman story in his imagination when his owner, Joe Talbot, goes on a Halloween night scavenger hunt along with his two schoolmates, David Barnes and Samantha Kepler. In Wishbone's imagination, he is scared off by the Headless Horseman. Like the original story, the episode strongly implies that Brom is the Headless Horseman when his horse's collar resembles the Horseman's horse collar.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999), a Canadian-American television film starring Brent Carver and Rachelle Lefevre. It was filmed in Montreal and directed by Pierre Gang.
Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners. Johnny Depp stars as Ichabod Crane, Christopher Walken plays the Headless Horseman, Christina Ricci plays Katrina, and Casper Van Dien plays Brom.
The Night of the Headless Horseman (1999), an hour-long, computer animated special using motion capture.
Sleepy Hollow High (2000), a B-rated, direct to video VHS and DVD horror film, in which a group of teenagers is sent to Sleepy Hollow Park Grounds to clean up vandalism and graffiti. They soon realize that someone is taking the Legend of Sleepy Hollow too far.
The Haunted Pumpkin of Sleepy Hollow (2002), a 45-minute animated special from PorchLight Entertainment.
The Hollow (2004), a TV movie that premiered on the ABC Family Channel, starring Kevin Zegers and Kaley Cuoco that focuses on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane.
"The Legend of Sleepy Halliwell" (2004), an episode of the TV show Charmed, in which a headless horseman murders the teachers at Magic School by beheading them.
Sleepy Hollow (2013), a mystery series co-created by Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Phillip Iscove, and Len Wiseman. In the series, Ichabod Crane is reimagined as an English professor and turncoat during the American Revolutionary War, who awakens in the 21st century and encounters the Headless Horseman, a felled mercenary Crane had decapitated 250 years prior. Crane teams up with Abbie Mills, a lieutenant in the town of Sleepy Hollow's sheriff's department, and together they try to stop the murderous Horseman (who is purportedly Death), and uncover a conspiracy involving supernatural forces.[11]
Stage and music adaptations[edit]
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"Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2002), a play in two acts by Christopher Cook,[12] which made its European premiere in 2014 in Kent, England.
In Sleepy Hollow (1913), a piano suite by Eastwood Lane
Sleepy Hollow (1948), a Broadway musical, with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and Miriam Battista. It lasted 12 performances.[13]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow[14] (1989), a one-act stage adaptation by Kathryn Schultz Miller.[15]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Speaker & Orchestra (1999), a 15-minute composition by Robert Lichtenberger; it premiered October 2001 by Lincoln's Symphony Orchestra conducted by Tyler White.
"Ride Of The Headless Horseman" (from The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow), a tone poem for orchestra by Robert Wendel was premiered in 2001 by the Queensland Symphony Orchestra.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Concert[16] (2004), part musical theater, radio drama, and festival, an annual production with music by Steven J. Smith, Jr. and lyrics by Jensen Oler and Smith; it premiered in Lehi, Utah at Olympic Park on October 8, 2004.[17]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music and libretto by Robert Milne; available for production through Arts Ascending, Inc.[18]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music by William Withem and libretto by Melanie Helton; it premiered March 27, 2009, in the Concert Auditorium at Michigan State University.[19]
Sleepy Hollow (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark. It premiered at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah on October 30, 2009.[20][21] It received the 2009 Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival Musical Theatre Award.[22]
Irving's Legend (2010–present) a dramatic retelling by Jonathan Kruk is a one-person performance staged by Historic Hudson Valley at the story's setting, The Old Dutch Church, during weekends in October.
The Hollow (2011). Book by Hunter Foster, music & lyrics by Matt Conner, directed by Matt Gardiner; premiered at Signature Theatre in Washington, DC (Eric Schaeffer, Artistic Director).[23]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, adapted by Darkstuff Productions at the Bierkeller Theatre Bristol, England Christmas 2012.[24]
Legend of Sleepy Hollows, a novelty Doo-Wop song, recorded by Monotones of Book of Love fame
Legend of the Headless Rider is a song by Mercyful Fate, fronted by King Diamond, on their In the Shadows album.
"Sleepy Hollow" a thriller. Written by Jason Newkirk premiered in 2007 in Columbus, IN. Again in September 2017 at Gateway Center for the Arts in Debary, FL. As an annual Halloween event.
Undead Ahead is a song by Motionless in White, and appears on their album Creatures.
Head over Hills, a song by Blitzkid
Tarrytown Tales, a play by Sean P. Harrington.[25]
Audio adaptations[edit]
Ed Begley was the narrator for a recording on both LP and audio cassette by Caedmon Records.
Boris Karloff narrated a version of the story on a 1977 LP Mr. Pickwick Records, with original songs and sound effects.
Ronald Colman was the host and narrator for a radio adaptation on NBC's Favorite Story on July 2, 1946 (requested by Walter Huston as that actor's favorite story).
An adaptation was broadcast on September 19, 1947 on NBC University of the Air: American Novels.[26]
Martin Donegan was the narrator for a recording on CMS Records.
Hurd Hatfield was the narrator for a recording on Spoken Arts Records in the 1960s.
George Guidall was the narrator for a 1999 unabridged recording on CD for Recorded Books.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1998) - An abridged version narrated by Winifred Phillips and produced for the Radio Tales series on National Public Radio. The program was released on audiocassette by Durkin Hayes Publishing Ltd in 1998 as a part of both its DH Audio catalog and its "Paperback Audio" line.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2005). Produced by The Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air and released by Blackstone Audio. Faithfully adapted from the book by Washington Irving, this production has an elaborate music score by Jeffrey Gage, sound effects, and a full cast. Originally released as a "Halloween Pick" by Barnes & Noble bookstores, the production went on to win the Ogle Award for "Best Fantasy Production of 2005." The cast includes Lincoln Clark as Ichabod Crane, Joseph Zamparelli Jr. as Brom Bones, and Diane Capen as Katrina Van Tassel. The book was dramatized, produced and directed by Jerry Robbins. On Halloween 2005, the production was broadcast coast to coast on XM Radio's Sonic Theater, and repeated the following year. It continues to be one of Colonial's most popular titles in release.
BBC Radio 7 (and later BBC Radio 4 Extra) has repeatedly broadcast a three-part reading of the story with Martin Jarvis as the narrator.
Historic Hudson Valley[27] produced with Platters, a dramatic reading of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2008) with musical effects by Matt Noble. Parent's Choice gave it the Silver award in 2009, noting; "Here, master storyteller Jonathan Kruk delivers the story as an audio book, with colorful eloquence backed by orchestral radiance. While remaining true to Irving’s original text, Kruk boosts the story’s energy through his highly skilled reading."[28]
"Ichabod Crane, Master of the Occult"[29] (2012) is a sequel to the original story, written by D. K. Thompson and produced by Marshal Latham on the Journey Into podcast.
Tom Mison, who plays Ichabod Crane in the television series Sleepy Hollow, was the narrator for a 2014 recording for Audible Studios.
Geographic impact[edit]
U.S. postage stamp of Legend of Sleepy Hollow, issued October 1974
Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held "Legend Weekend", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow, featuring a rider portraying the Headless Horseman and a storyteller, Jonathan Kruk, retelling "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" as an historic celebration attended by thousands.
In 1997, the village of North Tarrytown, New York (as the village had been called since the late 19th century), where many events of the story took place, officially changed its name to Sleepy Hollow. Its high school teams are named "the Horsemen".
In 2006, a large statue depicting the Headless Horseman chasing Ichabod Crane was placed along Route 9 in Sleepy Hollow/Tarrytown, New York.
Place names[edit]
Town and village names:
Sleepy Hollow, Illinois, many of the street names reflect characters from the tale, and the image of the Headless Horseman can be found on many of the city's landmarks and publications.
Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California, has Irving Drive, Legend Road, Ichabod Court, Katrina Lane, Van Tassel Court, Baltus Lane, Crane Drive, and Van Winkle Drive.
Subdivision names:
Bethel, Connecticut, "Sleepy Hollow Estates", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle.
Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman.
Pearland, Texas, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard.
Port Jervis, New York, Sleepy Hollow Road
Falls Church, Virginia, Street names Sleepy Hollow Road, Crane Drive, Ichabod Place, and Horseman Lane. There is also a Sleepy Hollow Park and Sleepy Hollow Bath & Racquet Club.
Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Lane
Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Hampden Township, Pennsylvania, "Sleepy Hollow", Ichabod Court, Brom Court, and Katrina Court.
State Parks:
Sleepy Hollow State Park, Laingsburg, Michigan
Schools:
The Ichabod Crane School District, Valatie, New York. The school's sports teams are called "The Riders" and a silhouette of Ichabod Crane on his horse is often representative of the home team while a silhouette of the Headless Horseman is representative of the opponent. The wings in the junior high school are also named for characters and places, such as Katrina Van Tassel and Sleepy Hollow.
The Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse, Kinderhook, New York .
Sleepy Hollow Elementary
Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court.
Pinson, Alabama's Sleepy Hollow Subdivision has Sleepy Hollow Drive
Rest Stop:
Sleepy Hollow Rest area
On the Far North Coast of NSW lies the sleepy hollow rest stop. There is a stop located either side of the road so that North and South bound traffic is able to stop. The northbound stop is located 58 km north of Ballina, NSW and the southbound stop is located 32 km south of Tweed Heads.
See also[edit]
Novels portal
Ghost films
Ghost stories
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, founded in 1849, is adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground. They are separately owned and administered.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Burstein, Andrew. "The Politics of Sleepy Hollow". NYTimes.com. New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Haughton, Brian (2012). Famous Ghost Stories: Legends and Lore.
Jump up ^ "Musäus Folktale". Readprint.com. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
Jump up ^ Ward, Harry M. The War of Independence and the Transformation of American Society. ISBN 185728657X.
Jump up ^ Kruk, Jonathan. Legends and Lore of Sleepy Hollow & the Hudson Valley. ISBN 1596297980.
Jump up ^ A letter from Merwin Irving was endorsed in Irving's handwriting "From Jesse Merwin, the original of Ichabod Crane". Life and Letters of Washington Irving. 3. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son. 1869. pp. 185–186.
Jump up ^ Burstein, Andrew (2007). The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7.
Jump up ^ Puertas, Manuel Herrero (2012). "Pioneers for the Mind: Embodiment, Disability, and the De-hallucination of American Empire". Atlantis. 34.1.
Jump up ^ Martin, Terence (1953). "Rip, Ichabod, and the American Imagination". American Literature. 31.2.
Jump up ^ "Charles Sellier, creator of 'Grizzly Adams,' dies at 67". Variety. February 3, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Genzlinger, Neil (September 15, 2013). "An Ichabod Crane With Backbone (but Can He Use an iPad?)". The New York Times. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cook, Christopher (2008). Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (A play in two acts). Authorhouse.
Jump up ^ "Sleepy Hollow (1948)". Internet Broadway Database.
Jump up ^ The Legend of Sleepy Hollow – Washington Irving – Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Legend of Sleepy Hollow One Act Play for Schools and Theatres!". childrenstheatre.easystorecreator.com. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". Stories in Concert. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Concert: Production History". Archived from the original on September 26, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the opera". Retrieved August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: An MSU Opera – YouTube. March 26, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sleepy Hollow Legend Lives on at Regional Competition". weber.edu. 28 December 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hansen, Erica (October 25, 2009). "WSU creates musical of 'Sleepy Hollow' tale". Deseret News. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Michael Kanin Playwriting Awards for Festival Year 2009". March 10, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "signature-theatre.org". signature-theatre.org. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Darkstuff Productions". Darkstuff Productions. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tarrytown Tales by Sean P. Harrington". Retrieved June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ digitaldeliftp.com. "The Definitive American Novels Radio Log". digitaldeliftp.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "hudsonvalley.org". hudsonvalley.org. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Parents Choice".
Jump up ^ Into, Journey (November 11, 2012). "Journey Into...: Journey #50 – Ichabod Crane, Master of the Occult by D.K. Thompson". Journeyintopodcast.blogspot.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
Further reading[edit]
Thomas S. Wermuth (2001). Rip Van Winkle's Neighbors: The Transformation of Rural Society in the Hudson River Valley. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-5084-8.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow original text with human-read audio.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" from The Harvard Classics (1917), hosted online at Bartleby.com.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" at American Literature.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow public domain audiobook at LibriVox
"Sleepy Hollow", a non-fiction description of the story's locale written by Washington Irving in 1839.
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. Founded in 1849, it is adjacent to but separate from the Old Dutch Burying Ground.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad on IMDb
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow on IMDb
Sleepy Hollow on IMDb
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Player of the Match awards (cricket)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
In sport of cricket, a Man of the Match or Player of the Match and Player of the Series award is given to the outstanding player, almost always the one who makes the most impact, in a particular match or series. The term was originally used more often in cricket before being adopted by other sports. This can be a player from either team, usually the winning team.
In cricket, the man of the match award became a regular feature in Test matches in the mid 1980s.[1] The man of the match title is usually awarded to the player whose contribution is seen as the most critical in winning the game. However, there have been many instances when the performance of the losing team's player has earned him the award.[2]
In Test matches, Jacques Kallis holds the record for the highest number of awards won, with 23 in 166 matches played, which is then followed by Muttiah Muralitharan with 19 awards.[1]
In ODI Sachin Tendulkar holds the record for the highest number of man of the match titles, with 62 awards in 463 matches played.[3]
In Twenty20 Internationals, Shahid Afridi top ranked with 11 awards, followed by Virat Kohli with 10 awards.[4]
Contents
1 Test cricket
1.1 Most Player-of-the-Match awards
1.2 Most Player-of-the-Series awards
2 One Day International cricket
2.1 Most Player-of-the-Match awards
2.2 Most Player-of-the-Series awards
3 Twenty20 International cricket
3.1 Most Player-of-the-Match awards
4 All formats
4.1 Most Player-of-the-Match awards
4.2 Most Player-of-the-Series awards
5 Shared awards
5.1 Team Man-of-the-Match awards
5.2 Joint awards in Tests
5.3 Joint awards in One Day Internationals
6 References
Test cricket[edit]
Most Player-of-the-Match awards[edit]
No. of Awards
Player
Matches
Career
23 Jacques Kallis South Africa 166 1995–2013
19 Muttiah Muralitharan Sri Lanka 133 1992–2010
17 Wasim Akram Pakistan 104 1985–2002
17 Shane Warne Australia 145 1992–2007
16 Kumar Sangakkara Sri Lanka 134 2000–2015
16 Ricky Ponting Australia 168 1995–2012
14 Curtly Ambrose West Indies 98 1988–2000
14 Steve Waugh Australia 168 1985–2004
14 Sachin Tendulkar India 200 1989–2013
13 Mahela Jayawardene Sri Lanka 149 1997–2014
Last updated: 1 March 2017[5]
Most Player-of-the-Series awards[edit]
No. of Awards
Player
No. of Series
Career
11 Muttiah Muralitharan Sri Lanka 61 1992–2010
9 Jacques Kallis South Africa 61 1995–2013
8 Imran Khan Pakistan 28 1971–1992
8 Richard Hadlee New Zealand 33 1973–1990
8 Shane Warne Australia 46 1992–2007
7 Ravichandran Ashwin India 17 2011–present
7 Wasim Akram Pakistan 43 1985–2002
7 Shivnarine Chanderpaul West Indies 60 1994–2015
6 Malcolm Marshall West Indies 21 1978–1991
6 Curtly Ambrose West Indies 27 1988–2000
6 Steve Waugh Australia 54 1985–2004
Last updated: 1 March 2017[6]
One Day International cricket[edit]
Most Player-of-the-Match awards[edit]
No. of Awards
Player
Matches
Career
62 Sachin Tendulkar India 463 1989–2012
48 Sanath Jayasuriya Sri Lanka 445 1989–2011
32 Jacques Kallis South Africa 328 1996–2014
32 Ricky Ponting Australia 375 1995–2012
32 Shahid Afridi Pakistan 398 1996–2015
31 Vivian Richards West Indies 187 1975–1991
31 Sourav Ganguly India 311 1992–2007
31 Kumar Sangakkara Sri Lanka 404 2000–2015
30 Virat Kohli India 213 2008-present
30 Brian Lara West Indies 299 1990–2007
30 Aravinda de Silva Sri Lanka 308 1984–2003
Last updated: 1 March 2017[7]
Most Player-of-the-Series awards[edit]
No. of Awards
Player
No. of Series
Career
15 Sachin Tendulkar India 109 1989–2012
11 Sanath Jayasuriya Sri Lanka 111 1989–2011
9 Shaun Pollock South Africa 60 1996–2008
7 Vivian Richards West Indies 40 1975–1991
7 Hashim Amla South Africa 45 2008–present
7 Chris Gayle West Indies 65 1999–present
7 Yuvraj Singh India 71 2000–present
7 Sourav Ganguly India 75 1992–2007
7 Ricky Ponting Australia 77 1995–2012
6 AB de Villiers South Africa 60 2005-2018
6 Mahendra Singh Dhoni India 71 2004–present
Last updated: 25 October 2017[8]
Twenty20 International cricket[edit]
Most Player-of-the-Match awards[edit]
No. of Awards
Player
Matches
Career
11 Shahid Afridi Pakistan 99 2006–2018
10 Virat Kohli India 50 2010–present
9 Chris Gayle West Indies 51 2006–present
9 Mohammad Shahzad Afghanistan 58 2010–present
9 Shane Watson Australia 58 2006–2016
8 Mohammad Hafeez Pakistan 77 2006–present
7 Yuvraj Singh India 55 2007–present
7 Martin Guptill New Zealand 61 2009–present
7 Brendon McCullum New Zealand 71 2005–2015
7 Umar Akmal Pakistan 84 2009–present
Last updated: 6 September 2017[9]
All formats[edit]
Note: Players in bold are still active in international cricket.
Most Player-of-the-Match awards[edit]
No. of Awards
Player
Matches
Tests
ODIs
T20Is
76 Sachin Tendulkar India 664 14 62 0
58 Sanath Jayasuriya Sri Lanka 586 4 48 6
57 Jacques Kallis South Africa 519 23 32 2
50 Kumar Sangakkara Sri Lanka 594 16 31 3
49 Ricky Ponting Australia 560 16 32 1
48 Virat Kohli India 329 8 30 10
42 Brian Lara West Indies 430 12 30 0
41 Vivian Richards West Indies 308 10 31 0
41 Aravinda de Silva Sri Lanka 401 11 30 0
41 Mahela Jayawardene Sri Lanka 652 13 22 6
Last updated: 2 September 2017[10]
Most Player-of-the-Series awards[edit]
Note: Players in bold are still active in international cricket.
No. of Awards
Player
Series
Tests
ODIs
T20Is
20 Sachin Tendulkar India 183 5 15 0
15 Jacques Kallis South Africa 148 9 6 0
13 Sanath Jayasuriya Sri Lanka 176 2 11 0
11 Shaun Pollock South Africa 107 2 9 0
11 Chris Gayle West Indies 125 2 7 2
11 Shivnarine Chanderpaul West Indies 136 7 4 0
11 Ricky Ponting Australia 147 4 7 0
11 Muttiah Muralitharan Sri Lanka 155 11 0 0
10 Imran Khan Pakistan 74 8 2 0
10 Hashim Amla South Africa 102 3 7 0
Last updated: 2 September 2017[11]
Shared awards[edit]
Occasionally in international cricket awards are shared, sometimes between two players of the same side or players of both sides. On these occasions, the commentators and other awarding authorities held on to share the awards, without giving the award to a player of the winning team.[12] In Test cricket there have been rare instances when a joint award for man of the match or man of the series has been announced. However, in ODIs and Twenty20 internationals this is usually when a member of the losing team is the highest scorer, such as when Charles Coventry (194) and Tamim Iqbal (154) shared the award after Zimbabwe lost the match. In another interesting match held on 3 April 1996, the whole New Zealand team was awarded the Man of the Match award by adjudicator Basil Butcher who pronounced it a team performance.[13] It was the first time that a whole team had been given the Man of the Match award.[14]
There have been only three occasions, one in test cricket and two in ODI cricket, when the whole team has been awarded the man of the match by considering the team performance rather than individual performances.[12]
Team Man-of-the-Match awards[edit]
In Test cricket, South Africa has been awarded Team man of the match award, in the West Indies tour in 1998/99 season. The match was won by South Africa by 351 runs and whole 11 players awarded the man of the match award.[12]
15–18 January
Scorecard
South Africa
v
West Indies
313 (92.5 overs)
Mark Boucher 100 (183)
Courtney Walsh 6/80 (24.5 overs)
144 (47.1 overs)
Brian Lara 68 (77)
Allan Donald 5/49 (13 overs)
399/5d (115.2 overs)
Gary Kirsten 134 (305)
Carl Hooper 3/117 (36.2 overs)
217 (75.2 overs)
Ridley Jacobs 78 (92)
Paul Adams 4/64 (21.2 overs)
South Africa won by 351 runs
SuperSport Park, Centurion
Umpires: Aleem Dar (Pak) and Billy Bowden (NZ)
Player of the match: South Africa
West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
This is the first time that the West Indies lost a series 5–0.
In ODI cricket, New Zealand team has been awarded man of the match award for their team performances to 4 run victory against the West Indies on 3 April 1996.[15][16] On 1 September 1996, Pakistan team has been awarded man of the match for their team performance against England for their 2 wicket win.
3 April 1996
Scorecard
New Zealand
158 (35.5 overs)
v
West Indies
154 (49.1 overs)
Craig Spearman 41 (39)
Laurie Williams 3/16 (4.5 overs)
Roland Holder 49* (86)
Chris Cairns 2/17 (5.1 overs)
New Zealand won by 4 runs
Bourda, Georgetown, Guyana
Umpires: Clyde Duncan (WI) and Eddie Nicholls (WI)
Player of the match: New Zealand
West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
1 September 1996
Scorecard
England
246 (50 overs)
v
Pakistan
247/8 (49.4 overs)
Nick Knight 125* (145)
Wasim Akram 3/45 (10 overs)
Saeed Anwar 61 (59)
Adam Hollioake 4/45 (8.4 overs)
Pakistan won by 2 wickets
Trent Bridge, Nottingham
Umpires: John Holder (Eng) and David Shepherd (Eng)
Player of the match: Pakistan
England won the toss and elected to bat.
Shahid Anwar, Shadab Kabir and Shahid Nazir (All Pak) made their ODI debuts.
Joint awards in Tests[edit]
Joint awards are sometimes given to two players, either from the same team or one from each team. As of 2017, there have been 14 instances where two players from the same team were given the Man of the Match award in Test cricket.[17]
#
Match
Venue
Date
MoM 1
MoM 2
Result
1 India v Sri Lanka Nagpur 27 December 1986 Dilip Vengsarkar Maninder Singh India won
2 New Zealand v West Indies Christchurch 12 March 1987 Richard Hadlee Ewen Chatfield New Zealand won
3 New Zealand v Sri Lanka Hamilton 22 February 1991 Ian Smith Andrew Jones Drawn
4 New Zealand v Australia Auckland 12 March 1993 Ken Rutherford Danny Morrison New Zealand won
5 New Zealand v Pakistan Christchurch 24 February 1994 Shane Thomson Bryan Young New Zealand won
6 Zimbabwe v Pakistan Harare 31 January 1995 Andy Flower Grant Flower Zimbabwe won
7 England v South Africa Johannesburg 30 November 1995 Jack Russell Mike Atherton Drawn
8 Australia v South Africa Johannesburg 28 February 1997 Steve Waugh Greg Blewett Australia won
9 South Africa v Zimbabwe Harare 11 November 1999 Shaun Pollock Mark Boucher South Africa won
10 South Africa v Zimbabwe Bloemfontein 17 November 2000 Jacques Kallis Makhaya Ntini South Africa won
11 Australia v South Africa Sydney 2 January 2002 Justin Langer Matthew Hayden Australia won
12 South Africa v England London 31 January 2003 Makhaya Ntini Graeme Smith South Africa won
13 Pakistan v South Africa Lahore 17 October 2003 Taufeeq Umar Danish Kaneria Pakistan won
14 South Africa v England Johannesburg 14 January 2010 Dale Steyn Morne Morkel South Africa won

Until 2017, there have been 26 instances where one player from each team was given the Man of the Match award in Test cricket.[17]
#
Match
Venue
Date
MoM 1
MoM 2
Result
1 Pakistan v West Indies Port of Spain 4 March 1977 Wasim Raja Colin Croft West Indies won
2 New Zealand v India Wellington 21 February 1981 Geoff Howarth Sandeep Patil New Zealand won
3 New Zealand v India Auckland 13 March 1981 John Wright Ravi Shastri Drawn
4 England v West Indies London 28 June 1984 Ian Botham Gordon Greenidge West Indies won
5 West Indies v New Zealand Port of Spain 29 March 1985 Vivian Richards Ewen Chatfield Drawn
6 India v Australia Chepauk 18 September 1986 Kapil Dev Dean Jones Tied
7 Pakistan v India Chepauk 3 February 1987 Imran Khan Kris Srikkanth Drawn
8 England v Sri Lanka London 25 August 1988 Phil Newport Ravi Ratnayeke England won
9 Australia v Pakistan Faisalabad 23 September 1988 Allan Border Ijaz Ahmed Drawn
10 West Indies v Australia Kingston 1 March 1991 Gus Logie David Boon Drawn
11 England v Sri Lanka London 22 August 1991 Alec Stewart Ravi Ratnayeke England won
12 West Indies v South Africa Bridgetown 18 April 1992 Curtly Ambrose Andrew Hudson West Indies won
13 England v New Zealand Auckland 24 January 1997 Alec Stewart Nathan Astle Drawn
14 West Indies v India Georgetown 17 April 1997 Shiv Chanderpaul Rahul Dravid Drawn
15 South Africa v Pakistan Johannesburg 14 February 1998 Pat Symcox Azhar Mahmood Drawn
16 Pakistan v India Kolkata 16 February 1999 Saeed Anwar Javagal Srinath Pakistan won
17 Sri Lanka v Australia Kandy 9 September 1999 Aravinda de Silva Ricky Ponting Sri Lanka won
18 Zimbabwe v Sri Lanka Harare 4 December 1999 Andy Flower Russell Arnold Drawn
19 England v South Africa Durban 26 December 1999 Andy Caddick Gary Kirsten Drawn
20 Sri Lanka v South Africa Kandy 30 July 2000 Arjuna Ranatunga Lance Klusener South Africa won
21 India v Australia Chepauk 18 March 2001 Harbhajan Singh Matthew Hayden India won
22 Sri Lanka v Bangladesh Colombo 6 September 2001 Muttiah Muralitharan Mohammad Ashraful Sri Lanka won
23 Sri Lanka v West Indies Colombo 29 November 2001 Chaminda Vaas Brian Lara Sri Lanka won
24 South Africa v Pakistan Faisalabad 24 October 2003 Gary Kirsten Taufeeq Umar Drawn
25 Sri Lanka v Pakistan Colombo 12 July 2009 Nuwan Kulasekara Fawad Alam Sri Lanka won
26 Pakistan v Australia London 13 July 2010 Salman Butt Simon Katich Australia won

There was one rare instance where three players were given the man of the match award in Test cricket. This happened between New Zealand and Sri Lanka in February 1991 at Hamilton.[18]
#
Match
Venue
Date
MoM 1
MoM 2
MoM 3
Result
1 New Zealand v Sri Lanka Hamilton 4 March 1977 Ian Smith Andrew Jones Asanka Gurusinha Drawn
In one occasion in international cricket, man of the match was given to a non-player, specifically to the ground staff. In the third Test match between South Africa and New Zealand on 8 December 2000 at Johannesburg, the fifth day was delayed due to rain. However, with the help of the ground staff, managed by Chris Scott, the Head Groundsman, the play continued and the match ended in a draw.[19]
#
Match
Venue
Date
MoM
Result
1 South Africa v New Zealand Johannesburg 8 December 2000 Chris Scott (Head Groundsman) and his crew Drawn
Joint awards in One Day Internationals[edit]
As of 2018, there have been 16 instances where two players from the same team were given the Man of the Match award in ODI cricket.
#
Match
Venue
Date
MoM 1
MoM 2
Result
1 New Zealand v Australia Dunedin 19 March 1986 Martin Crowe Richard Hadlee New Zealand won
2 New Zealand v Australia Wellington 26 March 1986 Wayne Phillips Steve Waugh Australia won
3 India v New Zealand Nagpur 31 October 1987 Sunil Gavaskar Chetan Sharma India won
4 Australia v India Sydney 20 January 1992 David Boon Geoff Marsh Australia won
5 Pakistan v Australia Port Elizabeth 13 December 1994 Aqib Javed Waqar Younis Pakistan won
6 Australia v Sri Lanka Sydney 20 January 1996 Mark Taylor Shane Warne Australia won
7 India v Zimbabwe Centurion 7 February 1997 Craig Evans Paul Strang Zimbabwe won
8 New Zealand v England Auckland 2 March 1997 Nathan Astle Gavin Larsen New Zealand won
9 Pakistan v India Sharjah 26 March 2000 Inzamam-ul-Haq Waqar Younis Pakistan won
10 New Zealand v Sri Lanka Sharjah 17 April 2001 Kyle Mills Mathew Sinclair New Zealand won
11 Pakistan v New Zealand Rawalpindi 7 December 2003 Yasir Hameed Imran Farhat Pakistan won
12 South Africa v New Zealand Port Elizabeth 30 November 2007 Jamie How Brendon McCullum New Zealand won
13 New Zealand v Sri Lanka Dunedin 23 January 2015 Luke Ronchi Grant Elliott New Zealand won
14 New Zealand v Zimbabwe Harare 4 August 2015 Martin Guptill Tom Latham New Zealand won
15 Zimbabwe v Afghanistan Harare 21 February 2017 Tendai Chatara Sean Williams Zimbabwe won
16 Afghanistan v Ireland Greater Noida 10 March 2017 Najeeb Tarakai Rashid Khan Afghanistan won

Until 2018, there have been 15 instances where one player from each team was given the Man of the Match award in ODI cricket.
#
Match
Venue
Date
MoM 1
MoM 2
Result
1 Australia v England Melbourne 1 January 1975 Ian Chappell Dennis Amiss England won
2 India v England Pune 5 December 1984 Dilip Vengsarkar Mike Gatting England won
3 Australia v West Indies Sydney 12 February 1985 Allan Border Michael Holding West Indies won
4 India v South Africa Kolkata 10 November 1991 Sachin Tendulkar Allan Donald India won
5 Zimbabwe v Pakistan Harare 22 February 1995 Bryan Strang Saeed Anwar Tied
6 Zimbabwe v England Harare 1 January 1997 Paul Strang John Crawley Zimbabwe won
7 South Africa v India East London 4 February 1997 Gary Kirsten Saurav Ganguly South Africa won
8 West Indies v Australia Georgetown 21 April 1999 Mervyn Dillon Steve Waugh Tied
9 South Africa v Australia Johannesburg 12 March 2006 Herschelle Gibbs Ricky Ponting South Africa won
10 South Africa v Sri Lanka Georgetown 28 March 2007 Charl Langeveldt Lasith Malinga South Africa won
11 Zimbabwe v Bangladesh Bulawayo 16 August 2009 Charles Coventry Tamim Iqbal Bangladesh won
12 England v India London 11 September 2011 Ravi Bopara Suresh Raina Tied
13 South Africa v Pakistan Johannesburg 17 March 2013 Hashim Amla AB de Villiers South Africa won
14 West Indies v Pakistan Gros Islet 19 July 2013 Lendl Simmons Misbah-ul-Haq Tied
15 Zimbabwe v Afghanistan Bulawayo 24 October 2015 Sean Williams Dawlat Zadran Afghanistan won
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Records / Test matches / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) /Most player-of-the-match awards". ESPN Cricinfo. ESPN Sports Media. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Man-of-the-Match monopoly". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Records / One-Day Internationals / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) /Most player-of-the-match awards". ESPN Cricinfo. ESPN Sports Media. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) /Most player-of-the-match awards". ESPN Cricinfo. ESPN Sports Media. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Records / Test matches / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-match awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / Test matches / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-series awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / One-Day Internationals / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-match awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / One-Day Internationals / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-series awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-match awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / Combined Test, ODI and T20I records / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-match awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / Combined Test, ODI and T20I records / Individual records (captain , players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-serves awards". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Stats: Shared Man of the Match awards". sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fourth One-Day International – West Indies v New Zealand". Wisden 1997. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "4th ODI: West Indies v New Zealand at Georgetown, Apr 3, 1996 | Cricket Scorecard | ESPN Cricinfo". ESPN Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "1995–1996 West Indies v New Zealand – 4th Match – Georgetown, Guyana". HowStat. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "4th ODI, New Zealand tour of West Indies at Georgetown, Apr 3 1996". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Two players sharing the Man of the Match award in Tests". Cricket Country. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "2nd Test, Sri Lanka tour of New Zealand at Hamilton, Feb 22–26 1991". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "3rd Test, New Zealand tour of South Africa at Johannesburg, Dec 8–12 2000". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
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