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HSBC Building (Hong Kong)
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HSBC Main Building
香港上海滙豐銀行總行大廈
HSBC Main Building in June 2008
Location within Hong Kong
General information
Status
Complete
Type
Commercial offices
Architectural style
Structural Expressionism
Location
1 Queen's Road, Central, Hong Kong
Coordinates
22°16′48″N 114°9′34″E / 22.28000°N 114.15944°E / 22.28000; 114.15944Coordinates: 22°16′48″N 114°9′34″E / 22.28000°N 114.15944°E / 22.28000; 114.15944
Construction started
1983
Completed
1985
Cost
US$780 million
Height
Roof
178.8 m (586.6 ft)
Technical details
Floor count
44
Floor area
99,000 m2 (1,065,627 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators
28
Design and construction
Architect
Foster and Partners
Structural engineer
Ove Arup & Partners
Cleveland Bridge Ltd.
Quantity surveyor
WT Partnership
Main contractor
Wimpey International
References
[1][2][3][4][5]
HSBC Building
Traditional Chinese
香港上海滙豐銀行大廈
Simplified Chinese
香港上海汇丰银行大厦
[show]Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Xiānggǎng Shànghǎi Huìfēng Yínháng Dàshà
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Héungkóng Séuhnghói Wuihfúng Ngánhàhn Daaìhhàh
IPA
[hœ́ŋkɔ̌ːŋ.sœ̬ŋhɔ̌ːi.wùːifʊ́ŋ.ŋɐ̌nhɐ̏n.tɐ̀ihàː]
Jyutping
hoeng1gong2 soeng5hoi2 wui6fung1 ngan2han4 daai6haa6
HSBC Main Building (Chinese: 香港滙豐總行大廈) is a headquarters building of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which is today a wholly owned subsidiary of London-based HSBC Holdings. It is located along the southern side of Statue Square near the location of the old City Hall, Hong Kong (built in 1869, demolished in 1933). The previous HSBC building was built in 1935 and pulled down to make way for the current building. The address remains as 1 Queen's Road Central (the north facing side of the building was served by Des Voeux Road, which was seashore, making Queen's Road was the main entrance, in contrast to modern day that usually accessed the bank from Des Voeux Road). The building can be reached from Exit K of Central MTR Station and facing Statue Square.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Design
3 Characteristics
4 Feng shui
5 Lion statues
6 Lighting scheme
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
The second design of the HSBC headquarters building, used from 1886 to 1933.
First building
The first HSBC (then known as the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Company Limited) building was Wardley House, used as HSBC office between 1865 and 1882 on the present site. In 1864 the lease cost HKD 500 a month. After raising a capital of HKD 5 million, the bank opened its door in 1865.[6]
Second building
Wardley House was subsequently demolished and replaced by a second HSBC building, that was completed in 1886.[7] The main feature of the second building design was the division of the structure into two almost separate buildings. The building on Queen's Road Central was in Victorian style with a verandah, colonnades and an octagonal dome, whereas the arcade which harmonised with the adjacent buildings was constructed on Des Voeux Road.
The third design of the HSBC headquarters building in 1936
Third building
In 1934, the second building was demolished and a third design was erected. The new building opened in October 1935. The third design used part of the land of the old City Hall, and was built in a mixed Art Deco and Stripped Classical style. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the building served as the government headquarters. It was the first building in Hong Kong to be fully air-conditioned. By the 1970s the bank had outgrown its headquarters; departments were scattered into offices all over Central Hong Kong, and it was obvious that such a "solution" to the space limitations could not continue indefinitely. In 1978 the bank decided to tear down its headquarters and rebuild it again.
Current building
The new building was finished on 18 November 1985. At the time, it was the most expensive building in the world (c.a.HK$5.2 billion, roughly US$668 million).
The first major addition to the building, designed by Hong Kong's One Space Ltd, was completed on 23 November 2006, in the form of a ground floor lobby that improves security access to the upper floors and creates a prestigious reception area. Its design and construction included the installation of the "Asian Story Wall", a multimedia installation consisting of twin banks of 30 seamless plasma screens (the largest installation of its kind in Hong Kong) displaying archived bank heritage and artworks.
The atrium of the HSBC building was the site of the Occupy Hong Kong protests which maintained a presence in the building from 15 October 2011 until their eviction in September 2012.[8]
Design[edit]
The new building was designed by the British architect Norman, Lord Foster and civil & structural engineers Ove Arup & Partners with service design by J. Roger Preston & Partners, and was constructed by Wimpey International.[9] From the concept to completion, it took seven years (1978–1985). The building is 180 metres high with 47 storeys and four basement levels. The building has a modular design consisting of five steel modules prefabricated in the UK by Scott Lithgow Shipbuilders near Glasgow, and shipped to Hong Kong. About 30,000 tons of steel and 4,500 tons of aluminium were used.
The original design was heavily inspired by the Douglas Gilling designed Qantas International Centre in Sydney (currently known as Suncorp Place).[10]
The new Lobby and its 2-part Asian Story Wall were designed by Greg Pearce, of One Space Limited. Pearce was also the Principal Architect of the Hong Kong Airport Express (MTR) station. Conceived as a minimalist glass envelope, the new lobby is designed to be deferential to Foster's structure and appears almost to be part of the original.
The building is also one of the few to not have elevators as the primary carrier of building traffic. Instead, elevators only stop every few floors, and floors are interconnected by escalators.
Characteristics[edit]
The main characteristic of HSBC Hong Kong headquarters is its absence of internal supporting structure.
Another notable feature is that natural sunlight is the major source of lighting inside the building. There is a bank of giant mirrors at the top of the atrium, which can reflect natural sunlight into the atrium and hence down into the plaza. Through the use of natural sunlight, this design helps to conserve energy. Additionally, sun shades are provided on the external facades to block direct sunlight going into the building and to reduce heat gain. Instead of fresh water, sea water is used as coolant for the air-conditioning system.
All flooring is made from lightweight movable panels, under which lies a comprehensive network of power, telecommunication, and air-conditioning systems. This design was to allow equipment such as computer terminals to be installed quickly and easily.
Because of the urgency to finish the project, the construction of the building relied heavily on off-site prefabrication; components were manufactured all over the world. For example, the structural steel came from Britain; the glass, aluminium cladding and flooring came from the United States while the service modules came from Japan.
The inverted 'va' segments of the suspension trusses spanning the construction at double-height levels is the most obvious characteristic of the building. It consists of eight groups of four aluminium-clad steel columns which ascend from the foundations up through the core structure, and five levels of triangular suspension trusses which are locked into these masts.
Feng shui[edit]
HSBC installed two "cannons" on the roof, pointing directly at the Bank of China Building, allegedly to balance the negative feng shui energy directed at it.[11][12][13]
The early British settlers in Hong Kong had an interest in feng shui; thus, most of the earliest buildings in Hong Kong, and many buildings constructed thereafter, were built with the philosophies of feng shui in mind. The Chinese believe that those who have a direct view of a body of water—whether it is a river, a sea, or an ocean—are more likely to prosper than those who do not (water is strongly associated with wealth in feng shui). The HSBC building has a wide open area (the Statue Square) in front of it, with no other buildings blocking its view of Victoria Harbour; thus, it is considered to have "good feng shui".[14]
In the CBC Television series Doc Zone episode "Superstitious Minds",[15] Writer, Researcher & Associate Producer Tom Puchniak asserts that the design of the nearby Bank of China Building ignored feng shui principles, and created instant controversy by evoking two knife edges, one pointing towards the British Government House, another towards the HSBC building. After the Bank of China building opened, a series of mishaps occurred, including the death of the Governor,[16] and a downturn in the city's economy. It is alleged that HSBC installed two maintenance cranes in the shape of cannons on the roof, pointing directly at the Bank of China, to defend against the negative energy from the Bank of China building. According to feng shui master Paul Hung, this solved the problem, and HSBC experienced "no harmful results after that."[15]
Lion statues[edit]
Main article: HSBC lions
Left lion statue (Stephen)
Right lion statue (Stitt)
The lion statues of HSBC Main Building
When HSBC decided to build its third Headquarters at 1 Queen's Road Central, opened in 1935, it commissioned two bronze lions from Shanghai-based British sculptor W W Wagstaff (d 1977, aged 82). This commission was inspired by two earlier lions that had been ordered for the new Shanghai office opened in 1923. Cast by J W Singer & Sons in the English town of Frome, to a design by Henry Poole RA, these lions had quickly become part of the Shanghai scene, and passers-by would affectionately stroke the lions in the belief that power and money would rub off on them. They became known as Stephen and Stitt: an in-joke. Stephen was named for A G Stephen, formerly Manager Shanghai, and in 1923 the Chief Manager of HSBC, and G H Stitt, the then Manager Shanghai. Stephen is depicted roaring, Stitt quiescent, and again insiders said that this represented the characters of these two famous bankers.
Wagstaff worked with "Shanghai Arts and Crafts" foreman Chou Yin Hsiang who in an interview with John Loch of HSBC's house magazine "Group News" in June 1977[17] recalled that when he first joined Arts and Crafts he worked with Wagstaff for two years to make the lions, without having to learn a word of English: Wagstaff spoke perfect Shanghai dialect. Hunch-backed, Wagstaff was nicknamed "Lao Doo Pei", meaning "Old Hunchback". His son, inevitably, was called "Sau Doo Pei"—"Young Hunchback". Wagstaff had two sons—Don, killed in Naval service in the war, and Alex, killed while interned in Shanghai by the Japanese. Chou Yin Hsiang himself came to Hong Kong in 1935, and by 1977 was the proprietor of Jeh Hsing Metal Works—and still casting bronze for HSBC.
Like the Shanghai lions, the Hong Kong lions became objects of veneration, and focii of the Bank's perceived excellent feng shui. Young couples still bring their toddlers to stroke the paws and noses of the statues hoping for luck and prosperity.
When the 1935 building closed its doors for the last time on 26 June 1981 the Lions had been moved to the annexe on 19 June 1981. Demolition, by China Swiss Engineers, started on 6 July 1981. The lions were temporarily moved on 4 June 1982 to Statue Square, opposite the main entrance. As a mark of the respect the lions were held in, the move to Statue Square, and the move back in 1985, were accompanied by the chairman Sir Michael Sandberg and senior management of the Bank and the placement of the lions both temporarily and in their current locations was made only after extensive consultations with feng shui practitioners.
Their 4-year sojourn in the annexe and Statue Square aside, the lions have only left their positions as guardians of the Des Voeux Road entrance of the Bank once: they were confiscated by the Japanese and sent to Japan to be melted down. Luckily the war ended before this could happen, and the lions were recognised by an American sailor in a dockyard in Osaka in 1945. They were returned a few months later and restored to their original positions in October 1946.
The Hong Kong lions are also called Stephen and Stitt, and the Hong Kong Stephen has bullet or shrapnel scars in its left hind-quarters dating from the fighting in the Battle of Hong Kong.[18] When this pair of lions was used as the model for the pair commissioned for the new UK Headquarters of HSBC in 2002, Zambian-born New Zealand sculptor Mark Kennedy was asked not to reproduce these "war wounds" in the copies. They had to earn their own battle-scars.
The following is a list of bronze copies and re-casts of the HSBC lions:
In China:
Shanghai (original) (1923) – sculpted by Henry Poole RA, cast by J W Stinger & Sons. The originals are held by the Shanghai Historic Museum (which currently has no permanent home) and are separately on display at the Museum's display room under the Oriental Pearl Tower (Stephen) and the Shanghai Banking Museum (Stitt), both in Lujiazui.
Hong Kong (1935) – modelled on Shanghai originals; sculpted by W W Wagstaff, cast by Shanghai Arts and Crafts.
Shanghai (replicas) (c. 1997) – copies of Shanghai originals, commissioned by the government-owned Shanghai Pudong Development Bank after it obtained the former HSBC building.
Shanghai (current) (2010) – copies of Hong Kong lions.
In the United Kingdom
London (2001) – copies of Hong Kong lions; cast by Bronze Age Foundry, Limehouse, at the direction of Mark Kennedy.[19]
Various other HSBC branches throughout the world feature small-scaled replicas of these originals, with varying degrees of faithfulness. Other HSBC branches often feature guardian lions to different designs, such as Chinese guardian lions.
Lighting scheme[edit]
The HSBC Main Building at night
In 2003, the Hong Kong Tourism Board developed a harbour lighting plan called "A Symphony of Lights",[20] a large-scale multimedia show featuring lighting, laser, music, and occasionally special pyrotechnics effects during festivals, to promote tourism in Hong Kong. The show is based on the illumination of key buildings on the Hong Kong Island side, and is best viewed from the Kowloon side across the Victoria Harbour. The HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building is one of the participating buildings in the show. The building has been installed with 716 intelligent lighting units, including 450 Martin Professional Cyclo 03 colour changing fluorescent fixtures in the glass stairwells, Martin Professional Exterior 600's and Exterior 200 fixtures on five levels, 8 search lights, and over one kilometre of LED lighting around the top. Completed by mid-December 2003, the cost of installation is estimated to be HK$5.5 million.
Intelligent lighting is distributed across six sections of the building:
Vertical Ladder Trusses
Exoskeleton: Inner + Outer
Refuge Floors
Northwest Stairwell
Eastern Stairwells
Roof Building Maintenance Units
HSBC has always aimed to adopt a new lighting scheme because Foster did not pay much attention to the illumination of the building at nighttime.
See also[edit]
China portal
Hong Kong portal
Architecture portal
List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Economy of Hong Kong
HSBC Centre in Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "HSBC Building". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
Jump up ^ HSBC Building (Hong Kong) at Emporis
Jump up ^ "HSBC Building". SkyscraperPage.
Jump up ^ HSBC Building (Hong Kong) at Structurae
Jump up ^ "Foster + Partners – Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Headquarters". Retrieved 26 June 2008.
Jump up ^ Lim, Patricia (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-592723-0. .
Jump up ^ HSBC Headquarters Building (2nd generation) [1886-1933] at gwulo.com
Jump up ^ Keith Bradsher (10 September 2012). "Occupy Hong Kong Protesters Forcibly Removed". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Harvard Design School
Jump up ^ A flight of fancy becomes a reality
Jump up ^ "CBC-TV Doc Zone episode "Superstitious Minds", first broadcast on 30 Oct 2014". CBC-TV Doc Zone with Ann-Marie MacDonald. CBC-TV. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Lee, Kaye W. (11 July 2008). "Kaye's Universe, Feng Shui Wars in Hong Kong, posted 11 July 2008 (blog)". Kaye's Universe, Glimpses into the things Kaye Lee gets up to. Trading, Economics, Law, spirituality, human potential, martial arts, qigong, Feng Shui and others!. Retrieved 3 Nov 2014.
Jump up ^ Rubacek, Kay (26 August 2014). "Bad Fengshui Stabs Hong Kong Bank". Vision Times. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ King, Jerry (28 April 2011). "Feng Shui of the HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong". White Dragon Home. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "CBC Doz Zone, Episode "Superstitious Minds", first broadcast 30 October 2014". CBC Doc Zone with Ann-Marie MacDonald. CBC-TV, Canada: CBC-TV. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Severson, Lucky (20 January 2012). "PBS Religion and Ethics Newsweekly episode "Feng Shui", first broadcast on 20 Jan 2012". PBS.org, Religion and Ethics Newsweekly. PBS. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Hongkong Bank Group News June 1977
Jump up ^ "From bullets to cash machines, HSBC’s 151-year history is closely aligned with the evolution of Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "HSBC's luck of the jaw". The Telegraph. 30 December 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Discover Hong Kong
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building.
This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation: Unique Headquarters
HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong – from different angles
Foster and Partners (Official Architect Website)
One Space Limited (New lobby and Asian History Wall architect)
Recent illumination of the HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong
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Timeline of the tallest buildings in Hong Kong
Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank Building (70 m) (1935)
Bank of China Building (76 m) (1950)
Kiu Kwan Mansion (95 m) (1966)
Pearl City Mansion (109 m) (1971)
Connaught Centre (178 m) (1973)
Hopewell Centre (216 m) (1980)
Bank of China Tower (367 m) (1990)
Central Plaza (374 m) (1992)
International Finance Centre (415 m) (2003)
International Commerce Centre (484 m) (2010)
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(over 300 metres)
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Tregunter 3
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Hopewell Centre
Sun Hung Kai Centre
Island Shangri-La
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Three Garden Road, Central
May House
Island Resort Towers 1–3 & 5–8
China Online Centre
Conrad International Hotel
Queensway Government Offices
The Merton Towers 1–2
Aigburth
Shell Tower & RBS Tower (Times Square)
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One & Two Exchange Square
9 Queen's Road Central
Entertainment Building
Lippo Centre I&II
The Westpoint
Standard Chartered Bank Building
Sino Plaza
Manhattan Heights
AIA Central
Three Pacific Place
Convention Plaza Office
Immigration Tower
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AIA Tower
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. HQs building
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Oscar By The Sea Towers 5–8
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See also: List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong
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This page in a nutshell: Doing something drastic can be good, but make sure you're ready to accept the consequences.
Are you sure you want to open me?
If you 'open a can of worms', you [often unexpectedly] set in motion or discover something that has wide-reaching consequences. This sometimes happens on Wikipedia, and nearly always leads to massive fluctuations in the community or policy.
There are occasional bad faith AfD nominations on Wikipedia, and there are some rewrites which may cause havoc with other users. There are also more mild cases of these that can actually change the way Wikipedians look at things, sometimes for the better. If you want to change something that's potentially a staple part of the community in some people's minds, then you can certainly do it, just keep in mind that it could cause some serious ramifications, hence the term, can of worms.
The biggest example of the can of worms is most likely Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Esperanza. When User:Dev920 nominated this for deletion, there was no way of knowing if she would have been attacked by many or praised. This is an example of the benefits of opening the can of worms properly. She ended up being mostly praised.
Conversely, attempting to open up the can of worms in some cases does not work, such as in the case of Wikipedia:User_categories_for_discussion#Category:User_en. If that category were to have been deleted or renamed, then hundreds of others would have to follow suit. User:Twp opened it up, yet was met with mostly disagreement. This in itself is not bad, as opening up a can of worms unsuccessfully can help reiterate both policy and general consensus within the Wikipedia community.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Opening_up_a_can_of_worms&oldid=642177878"
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Tara Chambler
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Tara Chambler
The Walking Dead character
Tara Chambler, as portrayed by Alanna Masterson in the television series.
First appearance
"Live Bait"
4x06, November 17, 2013
Created by
Scott M. Gimple
Portrayed by
Alanna Masterson
Information
Occupation
Police Academy student
Alexandria Supply runner
Family
David Chambler (father)
Lilly Chambler (sister)
Meghan Chambler (niece)
Significant other(s)
Alisha
Denise Cloyd
Tara Chambler is a fictional character from the horror drama television series The Walking Dead, which airs on AMC in the United States and is based on the comic book series of the same name. The character is based on Tara Chalmers from The Walking Dead: Rise of the Governor, a novel based on the comic book series and the past of the Governor. She is portrayed by Alanna Masterson. She is the first character identified as LGBT to be introduced in the series.
Tara's family encounters the Governor, under the alias "Brian Heriot", and they invite him into their apartment complex. Later, Tara's sister, Lilly, forms a relationship with him, although Tara remains fiercely protective of her sister and her niece. Eventually, after her father dies, the Governor and Tara's family leave the apartment complex and find Martinez's camp. As the Governor coerces the people of the camp to attack the safe haven prison, Tara discovers his true brutality and the vendetta he maintains, and is traumatized when he murders Hershel. After the downfall of the prison, Glenn comes to Tara for help in finding his wife, Maggie, who escaped during the gunfire. Tara reluctantly follows him on his quest and, eventually, becomes a member of Rick Grimes's group after he forgives her for being part of the Governor's militia. She remains an active part of the group when they reach the Alexandria Safe-Zone where she sparks up romance with Dr. Denise Cloyd, and becomes one of Alexandria's primary supply runners.
Contents
[hide]
1 The Walking Dead: Rise of the Governor
2 Television series
2.1 Season 4
2.2 Season 5
2.3 Season 6
2.4 Season 7
2.5 Season 8
3 Development and reception
4 References
The Walking Dead: Rise of the Governor[edit]
Tara Chalmers lives in Atlanta with her sister April and her father David in an apartment building that they have secured. April saves a group of people, including the man later known as the Governor, from a large herd of undead. The elderly David later dies and turns into a walker without having been bitten. After Philip kills David, tension grows between him and Tara. Philip sexually assaults April. The morning afterwards, April is nowhere to be found, and Tara forces the group, at gunpoint, to leave the building.
Television series[edit]
Tara Chambler is Lilly's sister, David's daughter, and Meghan's aunt.
Season 4[edit]
Tara Chambler is introduced in the episode "Live Bait". After welcoming the Governor (who addresses himself as "Brian Heriot") into their apartment, Tara seems to trust him relatively sooner than her sister and quickly seems to see him as a friend. She is briefly disoriented by his bloody smashing of David's skull after David reanimates and tries to bite her; however, she later accepts and agrees with the decision, and realizes that all people who die turn, whether they have been bitten or not. She and the others leave the apartment after David's burial, in search of shelter elsewhere. While on the road, a group of walkers forces them to flee. They are stopped once again when Brian and Meghan fall into a pit full of walkers, all of which Brian successfully kills before any harm can come to himself or Meghan. In the episode "Dead Weight", Tara begins a romantic relationship with Alisha, at Martinez's camp. In the mid-season finale "Too Far Gone", Tara joins the Governor in attacking the prison, using Hershel and Michonne as leverage, and believing the prison occupants to be bad people, as Brian tells them. However, when Rick Grimes tries to reason with the Governor for the sake of his people. Tara begins to question Brian's plan, especially when Brian holds a sword to Hershel's neck, despite Rick offering to welcome them in. Rick, seeing that Tara doesn't want to be there, tries to personally reason with Tara but she is too conflicted to answer. When the Governor decapitates Hershel, Tara tries to retreat from the battle in shock. Alisha tries to get her to fight back but Tara is disgusted with the Governor and ultimately walks off, traumatized.
In the mid-season premiere "Inmates", in the aftermath of the prison attack, Glenn finds Tara hiding within the gates and tells her that he needs her help to escape the prison and find his wife, Maggie, Hershel's daughter. Tara is too disgusted with herself for trusting the Governor and reveals that she saw Lilly die and questions why Glenn wants her help; he states that he doesn't want it, but needs it. After fighting off walkers, Glenn collapses with fatigue and Tara is left to attack the walker who tried to bite him. She is encountered by Abraham Ford, Eugene Porter and Rosita Espinosa, who are impressed by her skills and ask her to accompany them. In the episode "Claimed", she travels alongside the trio until Glenn forces them to stop the truck as Abraham explains that their mission is to get Eugene to Washington D.C. to cure the outbreak. However, Glenn still insists on finding Maggie; Tara and the others accompany him after Eugene accidentally rips the truck's fuel line, and she begins to bond with Abraham. In the episode "Us", Tara and Glenn enter a tunnel on the road to Terminus, where Glenn believes Maggie might be, and they find evidence of a fresh cave-in, as well as many trapped walkers. Glenn insists he needs to see the faces of the walkers to ensure none of them are Maggie, and Tara helps. When the two set a diversion with a flashlight to sneak around the swarm of walkers, Tara slips and gets her ankle stuck in the debris. She tells Glenn to leave her, but Glenn, tired of losing people, fires on the walkers until he runs out of bullets and tries to commit suicide by telling them to get him. They are then unexpectedly saved by Abraham, Eugene and Rosita, who have found Maggie. Glenn introduces Tara to Maggie but says that he met Tara on the road, avoiding any mention of the Governor. Tara later agrees to join Abraham in his mission to Washington D.C., and they reach Terminus. In the season finale "A", it is shown that they were forced into a train car with the rest of the group. Rick recognizes Tara from the prison but says nothing on the subject.
Season 5[edit]
In the episode "No Sanctuary", Tara crafts a makeshift weapon to use in the escape attempt, but it fails and she is left inside. She encourages the group and is confident that they will be able to survive their break-out. When Rick opens the boxcar for everyone to escape, Tara helps kill walkers on their way out and aids in protecting the group. In the episode "Strangers", Tara speaks to Rick about her involvement with the Governor; he tells her that he was aware of her hesitation to be there and that is why he tried to talk to her. After they resolve their differences he accepts her as part of his family. Later, the group follows Gabriel Stokes to his church. She goes on a supply run with Glenn and Maggie, and forms a close bond with Maggie. Later, Tara reveals the truth to Maggie that she was with the Governor during Herschel's murder at his hands. After Tara explains herself, Maggie forgives her and they hug. In the episode "Four Walls and a Roof", upon hearing of Gareth's return, Abraham demands that the group leave for Washington right away. As part of a bargain to make him stay and fight, Tara promises to go with him tomorrow regardless of what happens. She joins Rick's posse to help trap Gareth's group inside the church, and then watches as Rick, Michonne, Sasha and Abraham brutally slaughter the Terminus cannibals. The next day she is with the others bidding farewell to Bob before he dies from infection, and then following Abraham in the church bus to Washington. In the episode "Self Help", she helps keep Eugene safe when the bus crashes, and promises to keep his secret about sabotaging the bus. She is not happy when Eugene reveals he lied about knowing a cure, but still defends him when an enraged Abraham nearly punches him to death.
In the episode "Remember", when the survivors arrive in Alexandria, Tara is assigned the job of a supply runner. In the episode "Spend, Tara is tasked with looting the warehouse for parts needed to restore power to Alexandria, along with Nicholas, Aiden, Glenn, Noah, and Eugene. Inside the warehouse, Aiden accidentally shoots a grenade on a walker, leaving Tara knocked unconscious by the blast. Eugene looks after Tara and, when the walkers begin to close in, he summons up the courage to carry her out to safety inside the van and Tara is taken back to Alexandria. In the season finale "Conquer", after days of being unconscious, Tara wakes up in Alexandria with Rosita by her side.
Season 6[edit]
In the season premiere "First Time Again", Tara is still recovering in bed while Maggie and Rosita check up on her. She is soon able to walk around and helps with building a wall barrier, to help guard the walkers that are stuck in the quarry. She and Maggie discuss how Nicholas caused Noah's death and Maggie reveals to her that Nicholas tried to kill Glenn. Maggie then reminds her she too used to be on the enemy's side when The Governor attacked, and the two hug. In the episode "JSS", Tara is first seen in the infirmary with Eugene. Tara meets Denise and asks why hasn't she met her yet. Tara asks Denise if she can help her with a headache. As the wolves attack Alexandria, Tara, Eugene and Denise stay in the infirmary. An injured Holly is brought in who has been stabbed. Tara notices Denise being reluctant to help a dying Holly and pressures her to help. Despite Denise trying her best to save Holly, she dies due to blood loss. Before Tara leaves the infirmary, she quietly reminds Denise to destroy Holly's brain so she will not reanimate. In the episode "Now", Tara encourages Denise not to give up hope on Scott. Denise tells her later that he will make it and kisses her. In the episode "Heads Up", Tara saves an Alexandrian, Spencer (Austin Nichols) by shooting at walkers after Spencer falls into a herd for trying to use a zip-line to crawl across. Despite saving his life, Rick is angry at her for wasting bullets and she flips him off. Rick apologizes but says that she didn't need to save him. In the mid-season finale "Start to Finish", Tara is first seen helping drag Tobin to safety when the walls fall down and the herd enters Alexandria. She and Rosita then rescue Eugene and take refuge in a nearby garage, trapped in there by the walkers. Rosita is beginning to give up hope but Tara encourages her to keep going and the trio start working to escape the garage. Later on, they escape and stumble into the same room The Wolf is holding Denise captive, with Carol and Morgan unconscious on the floor. He forces them to surrender their weapons and Tara watches helplessly as he takes Denise with him as a hostage. In the mid-season premiere "No Way Out", Tara joins Rick and the rest of the town in wiping out the walkers. In the episode "The Next World", two months later, it is shown that Tara and Denise (who managed to survive the event) are now living together as a couple. In the episode "Not Tomorrow Yet", Tara accompanies the group to the Saviors' compound to infiltrate and kill them. Both Jesus and Father Gabriel comfort Tara, who is feeling guilty for lying to Denise. She later kills one member of the Saviors. Heath and Tara then leave to go on a two-week supply run.
Season 7[edit]
Tara returns in the episode "Swear". She gets separated from Heath, ending up on a beach, unconscious. A girl named Cyndie (Sydney Park) gives her water and leaves. Soon after, Tara wakes up and follows her, only to find a community named Oceanside full of armed women that kill any stranger they see on sight in order to protect themselves. She is discovered and tries to flee as the women try to gun her down. She is later captured. At dinner, she learns they were attacked by the Saviors and all of their men were killed. Tara is asked to stay by the leader of the community, Natania, but she convinces them to let her go, as she says she needs to get back to her girlfriend (unaware Denise is dead). Later, Tara realizes she is being led out to be killed, so she escapes with the help of Cyndie, who asks her to swear not to tell anybody else about the community. Tara returns home only to find out about the deaths. Rosita asks if there is a place, no matter how dangerous, to find guns, to fight against Negan and the Saviors. Tara lies, saying she did not see anything on her supply run, thus keeping her promise to Cyndie. In the mid-season finale, "Hearts Still Beating", Tara arrives outside Rick's house to give Olivia (Ann Mahoney) Denise's lemonade at Negan's request. Tara comforts Olivia for having to face Negan. Later, Tara, Rosita, Carl, and other Alexandrians watch the exchange between Negan and Spencer over a game of pool as Spencer tries to convince Negan to kill Rick and put him in charge. As Negan brutally murders Spencer for dislike of his weak abilities, Tara watches in shock with everyone else. Soon after, Rosita pulls out her gun and tries to shoot Negan, only to miss and hit Lucille, his beloved baseball bat, causing him to rage and threaten Rosita to which Tara is visually distressed about. Tara then watches Olivia get shot in the face by Arat, one of Negan's soldiers after Rosita lies continuously about who made the bullet she shot Lucille with, resulting in Negan ordering Arat to kill someone of her choice, furthering Tara's distress. After this, Negan continues to demand to know who made the bullet. Tara lies and says it was her briefly before Eugene admits it was him and is taken away.
In the episode "New Best Friends", Tara is part of the group who meets the Scavengers while Rick negotiates a deal with them to fight the Saviors. She is dismayed to see Rosita becoming more restless and eager to fight while Tara advises patience. In the episode "Say Yes", Tara is shown to be conflicted as she knows that Oceanside has the numbers and weapons to make a difference in the fight, but does not want to break her promise to Cyndie. She also knows that if Rick and the others go to Oceanside, it will most likely lead to a fight. She ultimately comes to Rick at the end of the episode and states she there is something she needs to tell him. In the episode "Something They Need", it is shown that Tara told Rick and the others about Oceanside and their considerable firepower, causing them to form a plan to ambush the community and take the weapons. Tara infiltrates the community and attempts to convince Natania and Cyndie to join them and fight rather than hide. When they refuse, Tara is forced to allow Rick's plan to take the community hostage. Natania manages to disarm Tara and holds her at gunpoint, demanding they all leave. Rick refuses and states they are taking the guns one way or another. The tensions are halted when a herd of walkers converges on them, forcing the groups to work together. When Oceanside still refuses to aid them, the group leaves with their weapons (although Tara promises to return them once the fighting is done). After thanking Cydnie once more for her help, Rick approaches Tara and reminds her that she does not have to feel guilty. Tara responds that she knows that and does not anymore. Tara returns to Alexandria with Rick and the others, to find Rosita waiting for them. She explains that Dwight is in their cell.
In the season finale, "The First Day of the Rest of Your Life", Tara encourages Daryl to kill Dwight as revenge for Denise's death, but Daryl resists. Later, Tara is shown to be disappointed in Rick and Daryl's decision to trust Dwight. At the battle with Negan the following day, when Rosita is shot, Tara helps her to safety. Tara is later seen at Rosita's bedside while she heals from her injuries.
Season 8[edit]
In the episode "The King, the Widow, and Rick", Tara expresses to Daryl her desire to kill Dwight, as revenge for him killing her girlfriend. In the mid-season finale "How It's Gotta Be", Tara and others find Dwight on a road, after a lone Savior gets away amid gunfire. Dwight goes back to Alexandria with her group, spared from death.[1]
Development and reception[edit]
Masterson was promoted to the main cast for the renewed fifth season.[2] As of the second episode of the seventh season, her name appears in the opening credits.
For the episode "Crossed" in the fifth season, Zack Handlen, writing for The A.V. Club commented positively on the character, saying, "Tara is pretty great."[3]
For the episode "Swear", the character of Tara was mostly well received. Matt Fowler commented that, "Tara still needs a bit of work from a character standpoint, but at least her conviction that all the murders her crew committed were justified more or less fits with her as someone who was part of the Governor's assault on Rick's prison". He was also skeptical about her decision to lie about the community.[4] Zack Handlen, writing for The AV Club was more complimentary on the ending scene, calling it "a rare example of a character actually making a difficult but responsible moral choice!". He praised Tara in the hour saying, "As maybe the closest thing to self-aware comic relief the show has left, Tara remains likable enough" and praised the "moment of selflessness and faith" in not speaking of Oceanside which "generates one of the few moments of legitimate tension in the whole hour." Despite this, he was critical of her decision to lie to members of Oceanside saying, "I like Tara, but it’s harder to root for her when she tells such hilariously stupid lies. Her decision to talk about Rick and company murdering a bunch of Negan’s men also seems like a bad call. (“You should totally trust my group! We’re good at killing!”)"[5]
Masterson's performance received a mixed response from critics. Jacob Stolworthy for The Independent was complimentary of Masterson's portrayal of Tara saying, "Granted, if fans were told they'd be getting an episode dedicated to Tara upon her introduction in season four, eyebrows would have been raised. But it’s through this character - played with a refreshing charm by Masterson (whose pregnancy is to account for her lack of presence) - that we meet yet another new community".[6] Conversely, Shane Ryan for Paste Magazine was extremely critical of Masterson's performance. He went further to say, "I went from thinking this was an episode about a couple of badass tropical killers to realizing the mysterious body washed up on shore belonged to Tara…that was the worst kind of gut punch." In contrast to Stolworthy, Ryan disliked the humor in the episode saying, "Every single “funny” bit of dialogue Tara uttered under stress was painfully unfunny. Hire a comedy writer, Walking Dead. Your shit needs a punch-up."[7]
Ron Hogan for Den of Geek was complimentary of Tara's humor, saying, "Alanna Masterson has some good comedic sensibilities [...] However, I just don't feel like Tara's a strong enough character to carry an entire episode, and neither she nor Heath have been developed enough to disappear for two months' worth of episodes stretched across two seasons."[8] Conversely, Jeff Stone for IndieWire liked the decision to focus on Tara for an episode saying, "Tara has always been a sentimental favorite of mine, with her humorous streak and unwillingness to be a full-blown Ricketeer stormtrooper. It’s nice to have her back."[9]
Some critics felt the characterization of the core group of survivors, including Tara, was off in "Something They Need". Ron Hagan for Den of Geek! said, "Rick and Tara finally discuss the presence of the Seaside Motel group, and that means he's ready to go wage a full-fledged assault on a group of women and children, blowing up dynamite outside their walls, drawing the attention of zombies in the area, and then taking all their guns away to fight his own battle. And yes, that's the hero of the story." He was relieved that the cliffhanger involving Sasha in the previous week was not stretched out to the finale.[10] Zack Handlen for The A.V. Club had a similar perspective on raiding Oceanside. He said, "The fact that Tara not only signed off on this plan, but also seems to be one hundred percent behind it, is at odds with everything we know about her. However much she's supposed to believe in Rick now (and clearly, she's supposed to believe in him a lot), for her to willingly go in on such an openly aggressive scheme is bizarre. This isn't “we're going to talk, and see what happens next.”[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/walking-dead-recap-season-8-midseason-finale-1202635498/
Jump up ^ Alanna Masterson, Christian Serratos and Andrew J. West have been promoted as series regulars for Season 5
Jump up ^ Handlen, Zack (November 23, 2014). "Review: The Walking Dead: "Crossed"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fowler, Matt (November 27, 2016). "The Walking Dead: "Swear" Review". IGN. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Handlen, Zack (November 27, 2016). "Tara makes some killer friends on a plodding Walking Dead". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Stolworthy, Jacob (November 27, 2016). "The Walking Dead season 7 episode 6 'Swear' review: A tantalising if odd departure". The Independent. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Shane (November 27, 2016). "The Walking Dead Review: "Swear"". Paste Magazine. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hogan, Ron (November 27, 2016). "The Walking Dead season 7 episode 6 review: Swear". Den of Geek. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hogan, Ron (November 27, 2016). "'The Walking Dead' Review: Tara Returns, and a New Community Is Introduced". IndieWire. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hogan, Ron (March 26, 2017). "The Walking Dead season 7 episode 15 review: Something They Need". Den of Geek!. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Handlen, Zack (March 26, 2017). "The ends justify the means on a shallow The Walking Dead". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
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NASDAQ-100
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX)[1] is a stock market index made up of 107 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies listed on the NASDAQ. It is a modified capitalization-weighted index. The stocks' weights in the index are based on their market capitalizations, with certain rules capping the influence of the largest components. It is based on exchange, and it is not an index of U.S.-based companies. It does not have any financial companies, since these were put in a separate index. Both of those criteria differentiate it from the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the exclusion of financial companies distinguishes it from the S&P 500.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Record values
3 Investing
4 Standards
5 Yearly rebalancing and re-ranking
6 Differences from NASDAQ Composite index
7 Differences from other indices
8 Related indices
9 Components
9.1 Historical components
10 Yearly changes
10.1 Changes in 2008
10.2 Changes in 2009
10.3 Changes in 2010
10.4 Changes in 2011
10.5 Changes in 2012
10.6 Changes in 2013
10.7 Changes in 2014
10.8 Changes in 2015
10.9 Changes in 2016
10.10 Changes in 2017
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
NASDAQ-100 Index 1985-2015
The NASDAQ-100 began on January 31, 1985 by the NASDAQ, trying to promote itself in the shadow of the New York Stock Exchange. It did so by creating two separate indices: this index, which consists of Industrial, Technology, Retail, Telecommunication, Biotechnology, Health Care, Transportation, Media and Service companies, and the NASDAQ Financial-100, which consists of banking companies, insurance firms, brokerage houses and mortgage companies. By creating these two indices, the NASDAQ hoped that options and futures contracts would be created on them, and mutual funds would adopt them as their benchmarks.
The base price of the index was initially set at 250, but when it closed near 800 on December 31, 1993, the base was reset at 125 the following trading day, leaving the halved NASDAQ-100 price below that of the more commonly known NASDAQ Composite. The first annual adjustments were made in 1993 in advance of options on the index that would trade at the Chicago Board Options Exchange in 1994. Foreign companies were first admitted to the index in January 1998, but had higher standards to meet before they could be added. Those standards were relaxed in 2002, while standards for domestic firms were raised, ensuring that all companies met the same standards. The all-time highs for the index, set at the height of the Dot-Com Bubble in 2000, stand above the 4,700 level, while its recent bear market lows in 2002 revolving around the Early 2000s Recession, the September 11, 2001 Attacks and the subsequent Afghan War occurred below the 900 point level.
After a gradual 5-year recovery to an intraday high of 2,239.51 on October 31, 2007, the highest reached since February 16, 2001, the index corrected below the 2,000 level in early 2008 amid the Late-2000s Recession, the United States Housing Bubble and the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Panic focusing on the failure of the investment banking industry culminated in a loss of more than 10% on September 29, 2008, subsequently plunging the index firmly into bear market territory. The NASDAQ-100, with much of the broader market, experienced a Limit Down open on October 24 and reached a 6-year intraday low of 1,018 on November 20, 2008.
Amid quantitative easing (QE) from the Federal Reserve and optimism that the financial crisis was ending, the index embarked on a volatile four-year climb higher, closing above 3,000 on May 15, 2013 for the first time since November 15, 2000. By October 18, 2013, with GOOG passing $1,000 per share for the first time, the index had made a closing high of 3,353.88 and intraday high of 3,355.63, its highest levels since the United States elections, 2000 and more than triple the 2008 low. At the close of 2015, the index closed at 4593.27, for a gain of 8.43% on the year.
Record values[edit]
Category
All-Time Highs
Closing 6,004.38 Wednesday, September 13, 2017
Intraday 6,012.95 Monday, September 18, 2017
Investing[edit]
The NASDAQ-100 is often abbreviated as NDX in the derivatives markets. Its corresponding futures contracts are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The regular futures are denoted by the Reuters Instrument Code ND, and the smaller E-mini version uses the code NQ. Both are among the most heavily traded futures at the exchange.
The PowerShares QQQ exchange-traded fund, sponsored and overseen since March 21, 2007 by Invesco through PowerShares, trades under the ticker NASDAQ: QQQ. It is commonly referred to by its ticker or nickname, "the que's". It was formerly called NASDAQ-100 Trust Series 1. On December 1, 2004, it was moved from the American Stock Exchange where it had the symbol QQQ to the NASDAQ and given the new four letter code QQQQ, sometimes called the "quad Qs" by traders. On March 23, 2011, Nasdaq changed its symbol back to QQQ.[2]
In 2000, it was the most actively traded security in the United States, and hit an all-time split adjusted intra-day trading high of $120.50 on March 24 of that year, but has since dropped to being within the top five after other stocks and ETFs such as the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts. As of August 2012, the fund is the third most actively traded exchange-traded product in the world.[3] On July 17, 2007, the ETF closed above $50 for the first time since early 2001. After reaching a peak of $55.07 on October 31, 2007, the Qs succumbed to a wider financial crisis along with a decline in technology spending and plunged towards a November 21, 2008 intra-day low of $25.05. Since then, it gradually advanced to surpass its 2007 peak, despite some volatility. By October 18, 2013, it had passed and closed above $82 to reach its highest price levels since November 6–7, 2000 and highest value since September 29, 2000 when adjusted for splits and dividends.
Standards[edit]
The NASDAQ has over the years put in place a series of stringent standards that companies must meet before being included in the index. Those standards include the following:
Being listed exclusively on NASDAQ in either the Global Select or Global Market tiers.
Being publicly offered on an established American market for three months.
Having average daily volume of 200,000 shares.
Being current in regards to quarterly and annual reports.
Not being in bankruptcy proceedings.
Additionally, since 2014, companies with multiple classes of stock are allowed to have multiple classes included in the index, provided they meet NASDAQ's criteria. Prior to 2014, companies were limited to one class of stock in the index (usually the one with the larger market capitalization).
Yearly rebalancing and re-ranking[edit]
While the composition of the NASDAQ-100 changes in the case of delisting (such as transferring to another exchange, merging with another company, or declaring bankruptcy, and in a few cases, being delisted by NASDAQ for failing to meet listing requirements), the index is only rebalanced once a year, in December, when NASDAQ reviews its components, compares them with those not in the index, re-ranks all eligible companies and makes the appropriate adjustments.
There are two tools the NASDAQ uses to determine the market values of companies for the annual review:
Share Prices as of the last trading day in October.
Publicly announced share totals as of the last trading day of November.
Those components that are in the top 100 of all eligible companies at the annual review are retained in the index. Those ranked 101 to 125 are retained only if they were in the top 100 of the previous year's annual review. If they fail to move into the top 100 in the following year's review, they are dropped. Those not ranked in the top 125, are dropped regardless of the previous year's rank.
A company will also be dropped if, at the end of two consecutive months, the component fails to have an index weighting of at least one-tenth of a percent. This can occur at any time.
The companies that are dropped are replaced by those who have the largest market value and are not in the index already. Anticipation of these changes can lead to changes in the stock prices of the affected companies.
All changes, regardless of when they occur, are publicly announced via press releases at least five business days before the change is scheduled to take place. The 2017 results of the re-ranking and rebalancing will be announced on December 8 with the changes effective the morning of December 18, coinciding with the expiration of options on December 15.
Differences from NASDAQ Composite index[edit]
The NASDAQ-100 is frequently confused with the Nasdaq Composite Index; the latter index (often referred to simply as "The Nasdaq") includes the stock of every company that is listed on NASDAQ (more than 3,000 altogether) and is quoted more frequently than the NASDAQ-100 in popular media.
The NASDAQ-100 is a modified capitalization-weighted index. This particular methodology was created in 1998 in advance of the creation the NASDAQ-100 Index Trust, which holds portions of all NASDAQ-100 firms. The new methodology allowed NASDAQ to reduce the influence of the largest companies and to allow for more diversification. However, the weights of the stocks were not changed after that, which led to more problems. In May 2011, NASDAQ did a major rebalance of the index to bring it closer to market-cap weighting.
The only time the index is to be rebalanced again is if:
One company is worth 24% of the index.
Those companies with a weighting of at least 4.5% constitute 48% of the index.
Differences from other indices[edit]
In addition to its lack of financial companies, the Nasdaq-100 includes 12 companies incorporated outside the United States. Although the S&P 500 Index includes non-U.S. companies, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has never included foreign companies.
As of June 2017, the Nasdaq-100 has companies incorporated in the following foreign countries:
Bermuda - Norwegian Cruise Line
Cayman Islands - Baidu, Ctrip, JD.com, NetEase
Ireland - Seagate Technology
Israel - Check Point
Jersey - Shire
Singapore - Broadcom Limited
The Netherlands - Mylan N.V.
United Kingdom - Liberty Global, Vodafone
Additionally, the NASDAQ-100 is also the only index of the three that has a regularly scheduled re-ranking of its index each year (in December), ensuring that the largest non-financial companies on NASDAQ are accurately included.
Related indices[edit]
In 2006, NASDAQ created a "farm team" index, the NASDAQ Q-50, representing the next fifty stocks in line to enter the NASDAQ-100. With some exceptions, most stocks that are added to the index come up through the Q-50. In 2011, NASDAQ created the NASDAQ-500 to track the 500 largest stocks on NASDAQ, and the NASDAQ-400, tracking those stocks not included in the NASDAQ-100.
NASDAQ has also divided the 100 into two distinct sub-indices; the NASDAQ-100 Tech follows those components who service the tech sector, and the NASDAQ-100 Ex-Tech, which follows those components that are not considered tech companies. The latter index includes noted E-commerce companies Amazon.com and eBay, which are classified as retailers.
Components[edit]
This list is current as of the close of trading on June 16, 2017. An up-to-date list is available in the External links section. It should be noted that this is an alphabetical list, and not a ranked list.
Activision Blizzard (ATVI)
Adobe Systems Incorporated (ADBE)
Akamai Technologies, Inc (AKAM)
Alexion Pharmaceuticals (ALXN)
Alphabet Inc. Class A (GOOGL)
Alphabet Inc. Class C (GOOG)
Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN)
American Airlines Group (AAL)
Amgen Inc. (AMGN)
Analog Devices (ADI)
Apple Inc. (AAPL)
Applied Materials, Inc. (AMAT)
Autodesk, Inc. (ADSK)
Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (ADP)
Baidu.com, Inc. (BIDU)
Biogen, Inc (BIIB)
BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc. (BMRN)
Broadcom Limited (AVGO)
CA Technologies (CA)
Celgene Corporation (CELG)
Cerner Corporation (CERN)
Charter Communications, Inc. (CHTR)
Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. (CHKP)
Cintas Corporation (CTAS)
Cisco Systems, Inc. (CSCO)
Citrix Systems, Inc. (CTXS)
Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation (CTSH)
Comcast Corporation (CMCSA)
Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST)
CSX Corporation (CSX)
CTrip International (CTRP)
Dentsply Sirona (XRAY)
Discovery Communications A (DISCA)
Discovery Communications Inc (DISCK)
Dish Network, Inc. (DISH)
Dollar Tree, Inc. (DLTR)
eBay Inc. (EBAY)
Electronic Arts (EA)
Expedia, Inc. (EXPE)
Express Scripts, Inc. (ESRX)
Facebook, Inc. (FB)
Fastenal Company (FAST)
Fiserv, Inc. (FISV)
Gilead Sciences, Inc. (GILD)
Hasbro, Inc. (HAS)
Henry Schein, Inc. (HSIC)
Hologic, Inc. (HOLX)
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (IDXX)
Illumina, Inc. (ILMN)
Incyte Corporation (INCY)
Intel Corporation (INTC)
Intuit, Inc. (INTU)
Intuitive Surgical Inc. (ISRG)
J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc. (JBHT)
JD.com (JD)
KLA-Tencor Corporation (KLAC)
Lam Research, Inc. (LRCX)
Liberty Global plc Ordinary A (LBTYA)
Liberty Global plc Ordinary C (LBTYK)
Liberty Global plc Ordinary A (LILA)
Liberty Global plc Ordinary C (LILAK)
Liberty Interactive (LVNTA)
Liberty Interactive (QVCA)
Marriott International, Inc. (MAR)
Mattel, Inc. (MAT)
Maxim Integrated Products (MXIM)
MercadoLibre (MELI)
Microchip Technology (MCHP)
Micron Technology, Inc. (MU)
Microsoft Corporation (MSFT)
Mondelēz International (MDLZ)
Monster Beverage (MNST)
Mylan N.V. (MYL)
NetEase, Inc. (NTES)
Netflix (NFLX)
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings (NCLH)
NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA)
O'Reilly Automotive, Inc. (ORLY)
PACCAR Inc. (PCAR)
Paychex, Inc. (PAYX)
PayPal Holdings, Inc. (PYPL)
QUALCOMM Incorporated (QCOM)
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN)
Ross Stores Inc. (ROST)
Seagate Technology Holdings (STX)
Shire plc (SHPG)
Sirius XM Radio, Inc. (SIRI)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (SWKS)
Starbucks Corporation (SBUX)
Symantec Corporation (SYMC)
T-Mobile US (TMUS)
Tesla Motors, Inc. (TSLA)
Texas Instruments, Inc. (TXN)
The Kraft Heinz Company (KHC)
The Priceline Group (PCLN)
Tractor Supply Company (TSCO)
Twenty-First Century Fox Class A (FOXA)
Twenty-First Century Fox Class B (FOX)
Ulta Beauty (ULTA)
Verisk Analytics (VRSK)
Vertex Pharmaceuticals (VRTX)
Viacom Inc. (VIAB)
Vodafone Group, plc. (VOD)
Walgreens Boots Alliance (WBA)
Western Digital (WDC)
Wynn Resorts (WYNN)
Xilinx, Inc. (XLNX)
Historical components[edit]
As of June 2017, 462 companies have been components of the index. Of these, only four, Apple, Costco (through its merger in 1993 with Price Club (Costco, as a separate entity, did not become a component until at least 1989)), Intel and PACCAR, have been components, continuously, since the first dissemination of the index in 1985. Three other companies, KLA-Tencor, Micron Technology and Seagate were also components when the index started, but were removed from the index over time for various reasons.[4]
Yearly changes[edit]
Changes in 2008[edit]
On April 30, 2008 The DirecTV Group (DTV) replaced BEA Systems (BEAS) before the market open.
On May 19, 2008 CA, Inc. (CA) replaced Tellabs (TLAB) before the market open.
On July 21, 2008 FLIR Systems (FLIR) replaced UAL Corporation (UAUA) before the market open.
On November 10, 2008 Seagate Technology (STX) replaced Monster Worldwide (previously MNST, but changed ticker to MWW on November 10, 2008) before the market open.
On December 22, 2008, NASDAQ added the following companies to the NASDAQ-100 index prior to the market open: Automatic Data Processing, First Solar, Life Technologies, Ross Stores Inc., Maxim Integrated Products, Illumina, Inc., Pharmaceutical Product Development, O'Reilly Automotive, Urban Outfitters, J. B. Hunt Transport Services, and Warner Chilcott. The companies that were replaced are: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Cadence Design Systems, Discovery Communications, Lamar Advertising Company, Leap Wireless International, Level 3 Communications, PetSmart, SanDisk, Sirius XM Radio, Virgin Media, and Whole Foods Market.
Changes in 2009[edit]
On January 20, 2009, News Corporation was added to the index, replacing Focus Media Holding, which did not meet the minimum monthly weight requirements.
On July 17, 2009, Cerner Corporation replaced Sun Microsystems after Sun Microsystems was acquired by Oracle.
On October 29, 2009, Priceline.com replaced Juniper Networks, after Juniper transferred to the NYSE.
On December 21, 2009, seven stocks joined the NASDAQ-100 index before the market open: Vodafone, Mattel, BMC Software, Mylan, Qiagen, SanDisk and Virgin Media. These stocks replaced Akamai Technologies, Hansen Natural, IAC/InterActiveCorp, Liberty Global, Pharmaceutical Product Development, Ryanair and Steel Dynamics.
Changes in 2010[edit]
On December 20, 2010, seven companies were added to the NASDAQ-100 index prior to the market open: F5 Networks, Akamai Technologies, Netflix, Micron Technology, Whole Foods Market, Ctrip.com International and Dollar Tree. They replaced Cintas, Dish Network, Foster Wheeler, Hologic, J. B. Hunt, Logitech and Patterson Companies. These were the only changes made to the index that year and the fewest since 1997.
Changes in 2011[edit]
On April 4, 2011, Alexion Pharmaceuticals (ALXN) replaced Genzyme (GENZ) before the market open. Genzyme was purchased by Sanofi-Aventis.
On May 6, 2011, WFMI (Whole Foods Market) changed its ticker symbol to WFM prior to the market open.
On May 27, 2011, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR) replaced Millicom International Cellular prior to the market opening after Millicom (MICC) withdrew its NASDAQ listing.[5]
On July 15, 2011, Sirius XM Radio (SIRI) replaced Cephalon (CEPH) in the index.[6] Cephalon was acquired by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries.
On December 6, 2011, Perrigo (PRGO) joined the index.[7] The company replaced Joy Global (JOYG), who transferred their stock listing to the NYSE. Perrigo had been a member of the index in the 1990s, being dropped in 1996.[8]
On December 19, 2011, five companies joined the NASDAQ-100 index prior to the market open as a result of NASDAQ's annual reranking of the index. They are Avago Technologies (AVGO), Fossil, Inc. (FOSL), Monster Beverage (MNST, formerly known as Hansen Natural, ticker symbol HANS), Nuance Communications (NUAN), and Randgold Resources (GOLD). These companies replaced FLIR Systems (FLIR), Illumina (ILMN), NII Holdings (NIHD), Qiagen (QGEN), and Urban Outfitters (URBN).
On December 20, 2011, ERTS (Electronic Arts) changed its ticker symbol to EA prior to the market open.[9]
Changes in 2012[edit]
On January 9, 2012, HANS changed its ticker symbol to MNST (Monster Beverage) prior to the market open.
On April 23, 2012, Texas Instruments (TXN) replaced First Solar (FSLR) prior to the market open.
On May 30, 2012, Viacom (VIAB) became a component of the index prior to the market open. It replaced Teva Pharmaceutical Industries (TEVA), which transferred to the NYSE.
On July 23, 2012, Kraft Foods, Inc. (KFT), now known as Mondelez (MDLZ), became a component of the index prior to the market open, replacing Ctrip (CTRP). Kraft Foods was the fourth component of the NASDAQ-100 to also be included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, joining Cisco Systems, Intel, and Microsoft, but was removed from the DJIA when it subsequently split into two companies.
On Wednesday December 12, 2012, Facebook Inc. (FB) became part of the NASDAQ-100 Index prior to the market open, replacing Infosys Limited (INFY), which transferred its listing to the NYSE.
Prior to the market open on Monday, December 24, 2012, 20 changes to the index took place. The ten companies joining the index are:
Analog Devices (ADI)
Catamaran Corporation (CTRX)
Discovery Communications (DISCA)
Equinix (EQIX)
Liberty Global (LBTYA)
Liberty Media (LMCA)
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN)
SBA Communications (SBAC)
Verisk Analytics (VRSK) and
Western Digital (WDC)
The ten companies being dropped are:
Apollo Group (APOL)
Electronic Arts (EA)
Flextronics (FLEX)
Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR)
Lam Research (LRCX)
Marvell Technology Group (MRVL)
Netflix (NFLX)
Research in Motion (RIMM)
VeriSign (VRSN) and
Warner Chilcott (WCRX)
Changes in 2013[edit]
On January 15, 2013, Starz Inc. (STRZA) replaced Liberty Media (LMCA) after a spinoff.
On March 18, 2013, Kraft Foods Group Inc. (KRFT) replaced Starz Inc. (STRZA).[10]
On June 5, 2013, Liberty Media (LMCA) replaced Virgin Media (VMED) with whom it merged.
On June 6, 2013, Netflix (NFLX) replaced Perrigo (PRGO) who had transferred to the NYSE.
On July 15, 2013, Tesla Motors (TSLA) replaced Oracle Corporation (ORCL), which transferred to the NYSE.
On July 25, Charter Communications (CHTR) replaced BMC Software (BMC) which eventually went private.
On August 22, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR) returned to the index, replacing Life Technologies (LIFE); Life Technologies announced its takeover by ThermoFisher.[11]
On October 29, VimpelCom Ltd. (VIP) replaced DELL (DELL) which eventually went private.
On November 18, Marriott International (MAR) was added to the index, replacing Randgold Resources (GOLD).
Prior to the market open on Monday, December 23, 2013, 10 changes to the index took place. The five companies joining the index were:[12]
DISH Network Corporation (DISH)
Illumina (ILMN)
NXP Semiconductors (NXPI)
Tractor Supply Company (TSCO)
TripAdvisor (TRIP)
The five companies that were dropped were:
Fossil, Inc. (FOSL)
Microchip Technology (MCHP)
Nuance Communications, Inc. (NUAN)
Sears Holdings Corporation (SHLD)
DENTSPLY International Inc. (XRAY)
Changes in 2014[edit]
Prior to the market open on Thursday, April 3, 2014, the Class C common Stock of Google, Inc. was added to the index as a result of Google's stock split. This meant the index had 101 components.
Later in 2014 additional classes of stock from other index companies were added to the index, bringing the number of constituent securities in the index to 107.
On December 12, NASDAQ announced that American Airlines Group, Electronic Arts, and Lam Research would be added to the index, effective December 22. These companies would replace Expedia, F5 Networks, and Maxim Integrated Products.[13]
Changes in 2015[edit]
On March 23, Walgreens Boots Alliance replaced Equinix in the index. Equinix converted into a REIT, making it ineligible for inclusion in the NASDAQ-100, but it did gain eligibility for the NASDAQ Financial-100, which it did join a few weeks later. Also on March 23, Biogen Idec renamed itself Biogen, as a result of a shift in focus.
On July 1, Liberty Interactive created two new tracking stocks, tracking the company's interests in Latin America. Both tracking stocks were added to the index the same day.
On July 2, Kraft Foods and Heinz completed their merger, becoming the Kraft Heinz Company with the symbol KHC.
Catamaran Corporation was removed from the index after the close of trading on July 23 after going private. JD.com replaced it on July 29.
DirecTV was removed from the index on July 24. It was replaced by BioMarin Pharmaceutical on July 27.
Sigma-Aldrich was removed on July 31, after being acquired by German firm Merck KGaA. Skyworks Solutions took Sigma-Aldrich's place at the start of trading August 3.
Altera was removed on October 7 as a result of its merger with Intel. Incyte replaced Altera's on that date.[14]
PayPal Holdings was added to the index on November 11, as Broadcom is in the process of merging with Avago Technologies.
Comcast Corporation on December 15 converted their Special Class A shares (CMCSK) to regular Class A shares (CMCSA). Due to this change, the last day of trading for the symbol (CMCSK) was December 11.[15]
NASDAQ announced on December 11 that seven companies would be replaced in the index on December 21 due to annual re-ranking. The companies joining the index effective prior to market open are:
Ctrip (CTRP)
Endo International (ENDP)
Expedia (EXPE)
Maxim Integrated Products (MXIM)
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings (NCLH)
T-Mobile US (TMUS), and
Ulta Salon, Cosmetics and Fragrances (ULTA)
The companies leaving the index (also effective prior to market open) are:
C. H. Robinson Worldwide (CHRW)
Expeditors International (EXPD)
Garmin (GRMN)
Keurig Green Mountain (GMCR); which subsequently went private
Staples, Inc. (SPLS)
VimpelCom (VIP), and
Wynn Resorts (WYNN)
In addition, the two Liberty Media (Liberty Global plc) tracking stocks (LILA) and (LILAC) were removed from the index, leaving 106 separate components.[16]
Changes in 2016[edit]
On February 1, Avago Technologies changed its name to Broadcom Limited after completing its merger with the former Broadcom.
On February 22, CSX Corporation replaced KLA-Tencor as a member of the index.[17] KLA-Tencor had planned on merging with Lam Research, but the deal was called off in October, due to government opposition.
On March 16, NetEase replaced SanDisk as a member of the index. SanDisk was in the process of merging with Western Digital, and later, on May 10, SanDisk was acquired by Western Digital for $19 billion.
On April 18, Liberty Media established two tracking stocks to follow the performance of its investment in the Atlanta Braves.
On June 20, Dentsply Sirona (XRAY) returned to the index, replacing four Liberty Media tracking stocks (LMCA), (LMCK), (BATRA), (BATRK).[18]
On July 18, Microchip Technology Incorporated (Nasdaq:MCHP), returned to the index, replacing Endo International plc (Nasdaq:ENDP).
On October 19, Shire PLC (SHPG) replaced Linear Technology (LLTC) in the index.
On December 9, the annual re-ranking of the index was announced, resulting in four changes. Joining the index December 19 were:
Cintas (CTAS)
Hasbro (HAS)
Hologic (HOLX) and
KLA-Tencor (KLAC)
Bed Bath and Beyond (BBBY), NetApp (NTAP), Stericycle (SRCL) and Whole Foods Market (WFM) were dropped from the index.[19]
Changes in 2017[edit]
On February 7, J. B. Hunt Transport Services (JBHT) replaced NXP Semiconductors (NXPI) in the index. Qualcomm is in the process of acquiring NXP.[20]
On March 20, Idexx Laboratories (IDXX) replaced SBA Communications (SBAC) in the index after SBA converted to a REIT, rendering it ineligible for inclusion.[21]
On April 24, Wynn Resorts, Limited (WYNN) replaced TripAdvisor, Inc (TRIP).[22]
On June 19, MercadoLibre (MELI) replaced Yahoo! (YHOO) due to its partial purchase by Verizon and subsequent conversion to a closed-end fund.[23]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NASDAQ-100". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Q: Why Did QQQQ drop a Q to Become QQQ?".
Jump up ^ ETP Landscape Industry Highlights BlackRock
Jump up ^ "The Nasdaq-100 Turns 30: Tracking Innovation in Large Cap Growth".
Jump up ^ "Millicom International Cellular: To Consolidate Its Listing on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm". Business Wire. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Newsroom
Jump up ^ "NASDAQ Newsroom". Nasdaq.com. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Historical Data – NASDAQ-100 Index". Nasdaq.com. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Electronic Arts to Change Nasdaq Ticker Symbol to "EA" Effective December 20, 2011 (NASDAQ:EA)". Investor.ea.com. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Kraft Foods Group to Join Nasdaq 100". Fox Business. 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
Jump up ^ http://www.nasdaqomx.com/newsroom/pressreleases/pressrelease?messageId=1201917&displayLanguage=en
Jump up ^ http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/12/14/596871/10061456/en/Annual-Changes-to-the-NASDAQ-100-Index.html
Jump up ^ "Annual Changes to the Nasdaq-100 Index". NASDAQ.com. December 12, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Incyte Corporation to Join Nasdaq-100 Index on October 7, 2015". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "SEC Notice of Delisting for Comcast Corporation Special Class A shares". Securities And Exchange Commission Sept 10, 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ANNUAL CHANGES TO THE NASDAQ-100 INDEX". NASDAQ.com. December 11, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CSX Corporation to Join the NASDAQ-100 Index on February 22, 2016". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "DENTSPLY SIRONA INC. TO JOIN THE NASDAQ-100 INDEX BEGINNING JUNE 20, 2016". NASDAQ.com. June 10, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Annual Changes to the Nasdaq-100 Index". NASDAQ.com. December 9, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "J.B. HUNT TRANSPORT SERVICES, INC. TO JOIN THE NASDAQ-100 INDEX BEGINNING FEBRUARY 7, 2017". NASDAQ.com. January 30, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. to Join the NASDAQ-100 Index Beginning March 20, 2017". NASDAQ.com. March 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wynn Resorts, Limited to Join the NASDAQ-100 Index Beginning April 24, 2017". Global Newswire. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.nasdaqomx.com/newsroom/pressreleases/pressrelease?messageId=1582312&displayLanguage=en
External links[edit]
Official website
NASDAQ Stock Market Indices
[show]
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Companies of the NASDAQ-100 index
21st Century Fox
Activision Blizzard
Adobe Systems
Akamai Technologies
Alexion Pharmaceuticals
Alphabet
Amazon.com
American Airlines Group
Amgen
Analog Devices
Apple
Applied Materials
Autodesk
Automatic Data Processing
Baidu
Biogen
BioMarin Pharmaceutical
Broadcom Limited
CA Technologies
Celgene
Cerner
Charter Communications
Check Point
Cintas
Cisco Systems
Citrix Systems
Cognizant
Comcast
Costco
CSX
Ctrip.com International
Dentsply Sirona
Discovery Communications
Dish Network
Dollar Tree
eBay
Electronic Arts
Expedia
Express Scripts
Facebook
Fastenal
Fiserv
Gilead Sciences
Hasbro
Henry Schein
Hologic
Idexx Laboratories
Illumina
Incyte
Intel
Intuit
Intuitive Surgical
J. B. Hunt Transport Services
JD.com
KLA-Tencor
Kraft Heinz
Lam Research
Liberty Global
Liberty Interactive
Marriott International
Mattel
Maxim Integrated Products
MercadoLibre
Microchip Technology
Micron Technology
Microsoft
Mondelez International
Monster Beverage
Mylan
NetEase
Netflix
Norwegian Cruise Line
Nvidia
O'Reilly Auto Parts
Paccar
Paychex
PayPal
Qualcomm
Regeneron
Ross Stores
Seagate Technology
Shire
Sirius XM Holdings
Skyworks Solutions
Starbucks
Symantec
T-Mobile US
Tesla, Inc.
Texas Instruments
The Priceline Group
Tractor Supply Company
Ulta Beauty
Verisk Analytics
Vertex Pharmaceuticals
Viacom
Vodafone
Walgreens Boots Alliance
Western Digital
Wynn Resorts
Xilinx
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Operator of the NASDAQ and OMX stock exchange systems
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Major United States stock market indices
Dow Jones Industrial Average (30 large stocks; popular indicator)
NYSE Composite Index (all companies on the NYSE)
Nasdaq Composite Index (all companies on the NASDAQ; technology-heavy)
NASDAQ-100 Index (100 large NASDAQ non-financial stocks)
S&P 500 Index (500 large companies; general market analysis)
Russell 2000 Index (small-cap stocks)
Wilshire 5000 Index (total U.S. market)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASDAQ-100&oldid=801287252"
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