text:
2034 FIFA World Cup
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2034 FIFA World Cup
Tournament details
Teams
TBA (from 6 confederations)
← 2030
2038 →
The 2034 FIFA World Cup will be the 25th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA.
Contents
1 Expressed interest in bidding
1.1 Indonesia–Thailand–Vietnam
1.2 Egypt
1.3 Expressed interest in bidding
2 References
Expressed interest in bidding[edit]
Indonesia–Thailand–Vietnam[edit]
The first bid for the 2034 FIFA World Cup has been proposed as a collective bid by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The idea of a combined ASEAN bid had been mooted as early as January 2011, when the former Football Association of Singapore President, Zainudin Nordin, said in a statement that the proposal had been made at an ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting, despite the fact that countries cannot bid (as that's up to national associations).[1] In 2013, Nordin and Special Olympics Malaysia President, Datuk Mohamed Feisol Hassan, recalled the idea for ASEAN to jointly host a World Cup. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) as Asian Football Confederation members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[2][3] Therefore, the earliest bid by an AFC member could be made for 2034.[4][5][6]
Later, Malaysia withdrew from involvement but Singapore and other ASEAN countries continued the campaign to submit a joint bid for the World Cup in 2034. In February 2017, ASEAN held talks on launching a joint bid during a visit by FIFA President Gianni Infantino to Yangon, Myanmar.[4] On 1 July 2017, Vice General Chairman of the Football Association of Indonesia Joko Driyono said that Indonesia and Thailand were set to lead a consortium of Southeast Asian nations in the bid. Driyono added that due to geographic and infrastructure considerations and the expanded format (48 teams), at least two or three ASEAN countries combined would be in a position necessary to host matches.[6][7]
In September 2017, the Thai League 1 Deputy CEO Benjamin Tan, at the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Council meeting, confirmed that his Association has "put in their interest to bid and co-host" the 2034 World Cup with Indonesia.[1][6] On the same occasion, the General Secretary of the AFF, Dato Sri Azzuddin Ahmad, confirmed that Indonesia and Thailand will submit a joint bid.[6] Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country to have participated in the World Cup,[8] when the territory was known as the Dutch East Indies.
However in June 2018, FIFA executive committee member and crown prince and regent of Pahang, Tengku Abdullah who is also the former President of the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) expressed interest in joining the three countries in hosting the World Cup together. The four countries have jointly hosted a football event before during the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. If the FAM agrees to rejoin the project, they would be the first to submit a four-country joint bid in the FIFA World Cup history.
Egypt[edit]
Egypt's Sports and Youth Minister Ashraf Sobhy said that Egypt is considering a bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup.[9] Such a bid should be prepared by the national football association rather than the country.
Expressed interest in bidding[edit]
An overview of expressed interest in bidding is shown below:
AFC:
Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam[10][11][12]
China[13]
CAF:
Zimbabwe[14]
Egypt[15]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Teng Kiat, Teo (5 July 2017). "Singapore strong 'host' candidate for joint 2034 World Cup finals bid". Today. Singapore. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Hill, Tim (9 March 2017). "Trump travel ban could prevent United States hosting World Cup". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Rumsby, Ben (14 October 2016). "England's hopes of hosting 2030 World Cup given boost". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "ASEAN mulling 2034 World Cup bid: Myanmar". The Myanmar Times. AFP. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Indonesia ready to lead Asean bid for 2034 World Cup". The Straits Times. AFP. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dudley, George (26 September 2017). "AFF Backs Indonesia-Thailand Bid for 2034 FIFA World Cup". SportsPro. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Football: Indonesia to lead South-east Asian 2034 World Cup bid". The Straits Times. AFP. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "1938 FIFA World Cup France". FIFA.com. FIFA. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Egypt Considering Bidding to Host World Cup or Olympics - Sports Ministry". FourFourTwo. 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
Jump up ^ Seng Foo, "Indonesia-Thailand to Bid for 2034 World Cup," (23 September 2017), http://www.stadiumastro.com/sports/football/article/indonesia-thailand-to-bid-for-2034-world-cup/59608
Jump up ^ "Indonesia-Thailand to Bid for 2034 World Cup," Football Tribe, (24 September 2017), http://football-tribe.com/asia/2017/09/24/indonesia-thailand-bid-2034-world-cup/
Jump up ^ George Deudley, "AFF Backs Indonesia-Thailand Bid for 2034 FIFA World Cup," SportsPro, (26 September 2017), http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/aff-backs-indonesia-thailand-bid-for-2034-fifa-world-cup
Jump up ^ TODAY, ASIA (19 June 2017). "China to Overtake US economy and Host World Cup in 2034". Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Thornycroft, Peta; Laing, Aislinn (17 July 2014). "Zimbabwe's tourism minister reveals ambitious plan to host Fifa World Cup in 2034". The Telegraph. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
Jump up ^ name="telegraph.uk 14 Jan 2017"> "Egypt hopes to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup". Retrieved 18 June 2018.
show
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t
e
FIFA World Cup bids
1930
Hungary
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Netherlands
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Sweden
Uruguay
1934
Italy
Sweden
1938
Argentina
France
Germany
1942†
Brazil
Germany
1946†
None
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1954
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1958
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1962
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Chile
West Germany
1966
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Spain
1970
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Mexico
1974
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West Germany
1978
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Mexico
1982
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1986
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Colombia‡
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1994
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1998
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2002
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2010
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2014
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2018
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2022
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Qatar
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United States
2026
Canada–Mexico–United States
Morocco
2030
Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay
Morocco–Algeria–Tunisia or Morocco–Spain–Portugal
2034
Indonesia-Thailand
China
Notes: Bold entries are those chosen as hosts
†Event cancelled due to World War II
‡Colombia withdrew after being awarded event, which was re-awarded to Mexico
show
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Notes: There was no qualification for the 1930 World Cup as places were given by invitation only. In 1950, there was no final; the article is about the decisive match of the final group stage.
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Patience
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the state of being. For other uses, see Patience (disambiguation).
"Impatience" redirects here. For other uses, see Impatience (disambiguation).
Patience, engraving by Hans Sebald Beham, 1540
Wikiquote has quotations related to: patience
Patience (or forbearing) is the state of endurance under difficult circumstances, which can mean persevering in the face of delay or provocation without acting on negative annoyance/anger; or exhibiting forbearance when under strain, especially when faced with longer-term difficulties. Patience is the level of endurance one can have before negativity. It is also used to refer to the character trait of being steadfast. Antonyms include hastiness and impetuousness.
Contents
[hide]
1 Scientific perspectives
2 Religious perspectives
2.1 Judaism
2.2 Christianity
2.3 Islam
2.4 Buddhism
2.5 Hinduism
2.6 Meher Baba
3 Philosophical perspectives
4 Impatience
4.1 Examples of Impatience
4.2 Positive Aspects of Impatience
5 See also
6 References
Scientific perspectives[edit]
See also: Delayed gratification, Reward dependence, and Reward system
In psychology and in cognitive neuroscience, patience is studied as a decision-making problem, involving the choice of either a small reward in the short-term, or a more valuable reward in the long-term. When given a choice, all animals, humans included, are inclined to favour short-term rewards over long-term rewards. This is despite the often greater benefits associated with long-term rewards.
In 2005 a study involving common marmosets and cottontop tamarins, animals of both species faced a self-control paradigm in which individuals chose between taking an immediate small reward and waiting a variable amount of time for a large reward. Under these conditions, marmosets waited significantly longer for food than tamarins. This difference cannot be explained by life history, social behaviour or brain size. It can, however, be explained by feeding ecology: marmosets rely on gum, a food product acquired by waiting for exudate to flow from trees, whereas tamarins feed on insects, a food product requiring impulsive action. Foraging ecology, therefore, may provide a selective pressure for the evolution of self-control.[1]
Patience in waiting for a video to start is impacted by the Internet speeds that one is accustomed to.[2] Users accustomed to faster Internet connectivity (e.g., fiber) abandon a slow-loading video at a faster rate than users with slower Internet connectivity (e.g., cable or mobile).
Patience of human users in the online world has been the subject of much recent scientific research. In a 2012 study[2] involving tens of millions of users who watched videos on the Internet, Krishnan and Sitaraman show that online users lose patience in as little as two seconds while waiting for their chosen video to start playing.[3] The study also shows that users who are connected to the Internet at faster speeds are less patient than their counterparts connected at slower speeds, demonstrating a link between the human expectation of speed and human patience. These and other scientific studies of patience have led many social commentators to conclude that the rapid pace of technology is rewiring humans to be less and less patient.[4][5][6]
Religious perspectives[edit]
Three virtues by Jan Saenredam after Hendrik Goltzius. This is plate 2, titled Patientia.
Judaism[edit]
Patience and fortitude are prominent themes in Judaism. The Talmud extols patience as an important personal trait. The story of Micah, for example, is that he suffers many challenging conditions and yet endures, saying "I will wait for the God who saves me." Patience in God, it is said, will aid believers in finding the strength to be delivered from the evils that are inherent in the physical life.[7]
In the Hebrew Torah, patience is referred to in several proverbs, such as "The patient man shows much good sense, but the quick-tempered man displays folly at its height" (Proverbs 14:29, NAB); "An ill-tempered man stirs up strife, but a patient man allays discord." (Proverbs 15:18, NAB); and "A patient man is better than a warrior, and he who rules his temper, than he who takes a city." (Proverbs 16:32). The emotion is also discussed in other sections, such as Ecclesiastes: "Better is the patient spirit than the lofty spirit. Do not in spirit become quickly discontented, for discontent lodges in the bosom of a fool." (Ecclesiastes 7:8-9, NAB).
Christianity[edit]
In the Christian religion, patience is one of the most valuable virtues of life. Increasing patience is viewed as the work of the Holy Ghost in the Christian who has accepted the gift of salvation. While patience is not one of the traditional biblical three theological virtues nor one of the traditional cardinal virtues, it is part of the fruit of the Holy Spirit, according to the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Galatians.[8]
In the Christian Bible, patience is referred to in several sections. The Book of Proverbs notes that "through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a gentle tongue can break a bone" (Proverbs 25:14-16, NIV); Ecclesiastes points out that the "end of a matter is better than its beginning, and patience is better than pride" (Ecclesiastes 7:7-9, NIV); and 1 Thessalonians states that we should "be patient with all. See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good for each other and for all" (1 Thessalonians 5:14-15, NAB). In the Epistle of James, the Bible urges Christians to be patient, and " see how the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth,...until it receives the early and the late rains." (James 5:7-11, NAB). In Galatians, patience is listed as part of the "fruit of the Spirit": "love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law". (Galatians 5:21-23, NIV). In Timothy, the Bible states that "Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal life".(1 Timothy 1:15-17, NIV).[9]
Islam[edit]
Main article: Sabr
Patience with steadfast belief in Allah is called sabr (Arabic: صْبِرْ ṣabr), one of the best virtues of life in Islam. Through sabr, a Muslim believes that an individual can grow closer to God and thus attain true peace. It is also stressed in Islam, that Allah is with those who are patient, more specifically during calamity and suffering. Several verses in Quran urge Muslims to seek Allah's help when faced with fear and loss, with patient prayers and perseverance for Allah. For example:[10]
Be sure we shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods or lives or the fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere; who say, when afflicted with calamity: "To Allah We belong, and to Him is our return".
—  Quran, [2:155–156]
Similarly, patience is mentioned in hadith Sahih Bukhari:
Narrated Aisha: I asked Allah’s rasool about the plague. He said, “That was a means of torture which Allah used to send upon whomsoever He wished, but He made it a source of mercy for the believers, for anyone who is residing in a town in which this disease is present, and remains there and does not leave that town, but has patience and hopes for Allah’s reward, and knows that nothing will befall him except what Allah has written for him, then he will get such reward as that of a martyr.”
—  Sahih al-Bukhari, 8:77:616
In Islamic tradition,(Ayyoob) illustrates a story where he demonstrated patience and steadfast belief in Allah. Ibn Kathir narrates the story in the following manner: Job was a very rich person with much land, and many animals and children — all of which were lost and soon he was struck with disease as a test from Allah. He remained steadfast and patient in his prayers to Allah, so Allah eventually relieved him of the disease, gave him double the money he lost, and raised to life twice the number of children who had died before him.[11]
Buddhism[edit]
Main article: Kshanti
In Buddhism, patience (Skt.: kshanti; Pali: khanti) is one of the "perfections" (paramitas) that a bodhisattva trains in and practices to realize perfect enlightenment (bodhi). The Buddhist concept of patience is distinct from the English definition of the word. In Buddhism, patience refers to not returning harm, rather than merely enduring a difficult situation. It is the ability to control one's emotions even when being criticized or attacked.[12] In verse 184 of the Dhammapada it is said that 'enduring patience is the highest austerity'.[13]
Hinduism[edit]
Patience and forbearance is considered an essential virtue in Hinduism.[14][15] In ancient literature of Hinduism, the concept of patience is referred to with the word pariksaha (patience and forbearance, Sanskrit: परिषहा),[16][17] and several other words such as sahiṣṇutā (patient toleration, Sanskrit: सहिष्णुता),[18] titiksha (forbearance, Sanskrit: तितिक्षा),[19][20] sah or sahanshilata (suffer with patience, Sanskrit: सह, सहनशीलता)[21][22] and several others.
Patience, in Hindu philosophy, is the cheerful endurance of trying conditions and the consequence of one's action and deeds (karma).[23] It is also the capacity to wait, endure opposites - such as pain and pleasure, cold and heat, sorrows and joys - calmly, without anxiety, and without a desire to seek revenge.[24][25] In interpersonal relationships, virtuous titiksha means that if someone attacks or insults without cause, one must endure it without feeling enmity, anger, resentment or anxiety.[26] The concept of patience is explained as being more than trust, and as a value that reflects the state of one's body and mind.[27] The term pariksaha is sometimes also translated as test or exam, in other contexts. Some of these concepts have been carried into the spiritual understanding of yoga. Sandilya Upanishad of Hinduism identifies ten sources of patience and forbearances: Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Daya, Arjava, Kshama, Dhriti, Mitahara and Saucha. In each of these ten forbearances, the virtuous implicit belief is that our current spirit and the future for everyone, including oneself, will be stronger if these forbearances are one's guide. Each source of those ten pariksaha (patience and forbearances) are:[28][29]
Ahimsa (non-violence) is not being violent to any human being and any living being at any time through one's action, with words one speaks or writes, or in one's thoughts.[27]
Satya is expressing and acting with truth.
Asteya is not coveting of another’s property through any act of one’s mind, speech, or body.
Brahmacharya is willingness to remain a bachelor by one's actions of mind, speech or body.
Daya is unconditional kindness to everyone and all creatures.
Arjava is the refusal to deceive or wrong others either by the performance or by non-performance of actions of one's mind, speech or body.
Kshama is acceptance of suffering while forgiving all pleasant or unpleasant things, such as praise or blow by others.
Dhriti is the will to remain of calm mind and spirit during periods of gain or loss of wealth or relatives.
Mitahara is moderation and restraint in consumption of food, drinks and wealth.
Saucha is the cleansing of the body by earth and water; and of the mind by the pursuit of understanding oneself.
The classical literature of Hinduism exists in many Indian languages. For example, Tirukkuṛaḷ written between 200 BC and 400 AD, and sometimes called the Tamil Veda, is one of the most cherished classics on Hinduism written in a South Indian language. It too discusses patience and forbearance, dedicating Chapter 16 of Book 1 to it. Tirukkuṛaḷ suggests patience is necessary for an ethical life and one's long term happiness, even if patience is sometimes difficult in the short term. Some of the verse excerpts from this book are: "our conduct must always foster forbearance"; "one must patiently endure rude remarks, because it delivers us to purity"; "if we are unjustly wronged by others, it is best to conquer our hurt with patience, accept suffering, and refrain from unrighteous retaliation"; "it is good to patiently endure injuries done to you, but to forget them is even better"; "just as the Earth bears those who dig into her, one must with patience bear with those who despise us", and so on.[30][31][32]
Meher Baba[edit]
The spiritual teacher Meher Baba stated that "[O]ne of the first requirements of the [spiritual] aspirant is that he should combine unfailing enthusiasm with unyielding patience....Spiritual effort demands not only physical endurance and courage, but also unshrinking forbearance and unassailable moral courage."[33]
Philosophical perspectives[edit]
See also: Macrophobia
In Human, All Too Human, philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued that "being able to wait is so hard that the greatest poets did not disdain to make the inability to wait the theme of their poetry." He notes that "Passion will not wait", and gives the example of cases of duels, in which the "advising friends have to determine whether the parties involved might be able to wait a while longer. If they cannot, then a duel is reasonable [because]...to wait would be to continue suffering the horrible torture of offended honor...".
Impatience[edit]
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Impatience is not just the opposite of patience or the lack of it, it is more than that. Impatience is also a cultural phenomenon in many respects. There are deep-rooted psychological and social reasons for both feelings of and displays of impatience.
Examples of Impatience[edit]
The term 'road rage' is commonly used to refer to situations that are the result of some form of impatience, though of course there can be other factors involved. This phrase refers to circumstances where one or both drivers get into a confrontation in which they are emotionally involved. Driving anywhere in the world can be frustrating. However, attitudes towards annoying circumstances vary widely from one place to another. Excessive honking, as a further example of impatience, is very common in some countries, but not so much in others.
Behavior in restaurants and other public places is another example. People can often be rude and impatient toward other patrons, as well as to the staff serving customers. Although a customer may have legitimate complaints about something, there is really no justification to be difficult about it. On the other hand, there is no reason for staff to be surly or curt with customers, but it does happen, all too often.
Telephone service and support is another situation where customers can become impatient with company representatives. This may partly be the result of changes in how these support services work. In an effort to save expense costs, many organizations have automated part of all of these services. This starts off the process, in the customer's view, on a somewhat unpleasant note. By the time the client has maneuvered their way through the system, including being on hold for a significant length of time, and sometimes eventually reaching the wrong person for whatever reason, the customer is understandably upset.
Positive Aspects of Impatience[edit]
Impatience is usually viewed as a negative thing. Patience should not be confused with laziness, complacency or inaptitude. Laziness is lacking a desire to fix a certain problem or complete a job. Laziness means that one's desire to do other things than a given task outweighs the desire to do that particular task. This is not the same as being patient with a process.
The Perl programming culture has famously declared Impatience to be a virtue.[34]
See also[edit]
Self control#Self-control research
Slow (movement)
Time
Toleration
Seven Deadly Sins (opposite of the seven virtues)
Envy
Gluttony
Greed
Lust
Pride
Sloth
Wrath
Seven Heavenly Virtues
Chastity
Charity
Diligence
Humility
Kindness
Patience
Temperance
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stevens, J. R.; Hallinan, E. V.; Hauser, M. D. (2005). "The ecology and evolution of patience in two New World monkeys". Biology Letters. 1 (2): 223–226. PMC 1626214  . PMID 17148172. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0285.
^ Jump up to: a b "Video Stream Quality Impacts Viewer Behavior, by Krishnan and Sitaraman, ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Nov 2012." (PDF).
Jump up ^ "CNN: Online viewers ditch slow-loading video after 2 seconds, November 2012". Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Jump up ^ "NPR Morning Edition: In Video-Streaming Rat Race, Fast is Never Fast Enough, October 2012". Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Jump up ^ "Boston Globe: Instant gratification is making us perpetually impatient, Feb 2013". Retrieved 2014-07-03.
Jump up ^ "Patience is a Network Effect, by Nicholas Carr, Nov 2012".
Jump up ^ Firestone, Reuven. "Patience". Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
Jump up ^ See David Baily Harned, Patience: How We Wait Upon the World, rev. ed. (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2015), chap. 2.
Jump up ^ Harned, David Baily (2015). Patience: How We Wait Upon the World. Afterword: "Leadership and Unnatural Virtues: George Washington and the Patience of Power." Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.
Jump up ^ see also: [Quran 3:195–200], [Quran 41:24–35], and [Quran 11:114–115]
Jump up ^ Ibn Kathir (2001). Stories of the Prophet. Dar Al-Manarah. pp. 157–160. ISBN 977-6005-17-9.
Jump up ^ "Alexander Berzin, The Ten Perfections in Theravada, Mahayana and Bon, 1995". StudyBuddhism.com. 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2016-06-03.
Jump up ^ Buddharakkhita, Acharya. "Dhammapada, 184". Access to Insight. Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved 2014-12-24.
Jump up ^ See virtues discussed under article on Sanatana Dharma Encyclopædia Britannica (2009)
Jump up ^ Madigan, T. (2009), Schopenhauer’s compassionate morality, Philosophy Now, 52, 16-17
Jump up ^ see PariSahA, Sanskrit Dictionary, Germany
Jump up ^ Search for sanskrit word pariSahA Monier Williams Translation of Sanskrit Concepts, University of Koln, Germany
Jump up ^ Sanskrit words related to "Patience" in Sanskrit Dictionary, Germany See also Monier Williams Translation of Sanskrit Concepts
Jump up ^ Hunter, A. (2007), Forgiveness: Hindu and Western Perspectives, Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies, 20(1), 11
Jump up ^ Titiksha Sanskrit Dictionary, Germany
Jump up ^ Sahanshilata Sanskrit Dictionary, Germany
Jump up ^ see entry for SAH 3rd column, Page 343, Macdonell Sanskrit Dictionary
Jump up ^ Shankaracharya's Vedānta Ernest Wood, ISBN 978-1425482596, see Chapter 4, under GNYANA-YOGA, pp 73-74
Jump up ^ R.S. Nathan (2000), Hinduism that is Sanatana Dharma, ISBN 81-7597-065-0
Jump up ^ Tattvabhushan, S. (1898), Sankvracharya (His life and teaching: a translation of Atma-Bodha), 2nd Edition, The Society for the Resuscitation of Indian Literature
Jump up ^ Hunter, A. and Rigby, A. (2009), Gandhi and the virtue of forgiveness, Gandhi Marg 30 (4), see page 430
^ Jump up to: a b Kaneda, T. (2008). Shanti, peacefulness of mind. C. Eppert & H. Wang (Eds.), Cross cultural studies in curriculum: Eastern thought, educational insights, pages 171-192, ISBN 978-0805856736, Taylor & Francis
Jump up ^ Swami, P. (2000). Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Upaniṣads: SZ (Vol. 3). Sarup & Sons; see pages 630-631
Jump up ^ Ballantyne, J. R., & Yogīndra, S. (1850). A Lecture on the Vedánta: Embracing the Text of the Vedánta-sára. Presbyterian mission press.
Jump up ^ Tirukkuṛaḷ Translated by Rev G.U. Pope, Rev W.H. Drew, Rev John Lazarus, and Mr F W Ellis (1886), WH Allen & Company; see section 1.2.12; pages 19-20
Jump up ^ Tirukkuṛaḷ Archived December 16, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. see Chapter 16, Book 1
Jump up ^ Tirukkuṛaḷ Translated by V.V.R. Aiyar, Tirupparaithurai : Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam (1998)
Jump up ^ Baba, Meher (1967). Discourses. 3. San Francisco: Sufism Reoriented. p. 118-119. ISBN 978-1880619094.
Jump up ^ The Three Virtues
Look up patience in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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The Crate
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"The Crate" is a short story by Stephen King, first published in the July 1979 issue of Gallery. In 1982, the story was adapted as a segment in the movie Creepshow, and included in comic-book form in the Creepshow graphic novella.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Film adaptations
3 Publications
4 See also
5 External links
Plot[edit]
An old wooden crate, marked from an 1834 arctic expedition, is discovered by a janitor beneath the basement stairs at the zoology department of Horlicks University. He notifies Dexter Stanley, the school's biology professor, and together they open it to discover the crate contains a small yet powerful - and hungry - beast still alive after 140 years. The creature kills and eats the janitor as well as Stanley's grad student Charlie Gereson - consuming them entirely, leaving only scraps of clothing behind. In a daze, Stanley flees to the home of his friend, English professor Henry Northrup. He tells Henry the whole story, and Northrup believes him, seeing the crate-dwelling beast as a way to rid himself of his verbally abusive, alcoholic wife, Wilma.
He dopes Stanley's drink, and while Stanley is unconscious Henry writes and leaves a letter for Wilma to find and then drives to the University where he cleans up the blood and remaining scraps from the beast. Wilma meanwhile comes home and finds the letter and after reading it races up to the University. Henry had led her to believe in the note that Stanley had attacked a female grad student earlier and that she was now hiding underneath the stairs and that only Wilma would be able to talk her out. As Wilma peers under the stairs looking for the girl Henry quickly comes up and pushes her from behind up against the beast's crate and starts screaming for it to come out and feed on her. After an initial delay that sees Wilma start to berate Henry, the beast - Northrup likens it to a Tasmanian devil, albeit possibly having six legs - does indeed appear and eat Wilma completely then retreat back into its crate. As Henry carefully loads the crate into another larger crate for disposal he notes that Wilma's face (and only her face) is still visible in the crate. Northrup drives the crate within a crate to a local quarry and tips the entire cargo into the deep quarry lake. Upon his return home Stanley wakes up, and the two decide to keep quiet about the entire incident - Stanley has gained a friend, and Northrup has lost his abusive wife, a situation both are happy with.
Film adaptations[edit]
The story was adapted as a segment in the film Creepshow. Although there are numerous small changes, the film version remains essentially faithful to the written source material. The changes include the appearance of the beast to an ape-like creature with a mouth full of razor-sharp teeth, and the beast destroying the water-logged crate after being dumped in the 400-foot-deep (120 m) lake and escaping into the outside world.
In the 9th installment of the Friday the 13th franchise, Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday, an Easter Egg of The Crate can be seen - labeled "Arctic Expedition Julia Carpenter Horlicks University".
There were 3 original prop crates made for "The Crate" segment of the film Creepshow by production designer Cletus Anderson (1938-2007). A bloody crate, formerly owned by director George A. Romero, is owned by David Burian, prop collector and film archivist. The other two crates are owned by KNB FX co-owner Greg Nicotero (who purchased it from special effects artist Tom Savini) and Creepshow soundtrack composer John Harrison.
Publications[edit]
"The Crate" has not yet been collected in a Stephen King collection, but it has been printed a few times:
Gallery (July 1979, magazine)
Arbor House Treasury of Horror and the Supernatural - edited by Bill Pronzini (Arbor House/Priam Books, 1980) ISBN 0-87795-309-0
Great Tales of Horror & the Supernatural - edited by Bill Pronzini (Galahad Books, 1981) ISBN 0-88365-699-X
Fantasy Annual III - edited by Terry Carr (Pocket Books, 1981) ISBN 0-671-41272-8
Creepshow - as a graphic novella with art by Berni Wrightson (Plume, 1982) ISBN 0-452-25380-2
Classic Tales of Horror & the Supernatural - edited by Bill Pronzini, Barry Malzberg, Martin Greenberg (Quill, 1991) ISBN 0-688-10963-2
Shivers VI - edited by Richard Chizmar (Cemetery Dance Publications, 2011) ISBN 1-58767-224-3
See also[edit]
Stephen King short fiction bibliography
External links[edit]
Creepshow on IMDb
The Crate title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
[show]
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List of oldest living people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the oldest currently living people. For the oldest people validated by modern standards, whether alive or dead, see List of the verified oldest people. For complete claims older than the oldest person validated by modern standards, alive or dead, see Longevity claims. For modern and historical claims over 130 years, see Longevity myths. For other relevant tables of the oldest verified people, see Oldest people.
This is a list of the 100 oldest people who have been verified to be alive within the last year and whose death has not been reported by a reliable source. It is estimated that there are between 150 and 600 living people who have reached the age of 110.[1][2] The true number is uncertain as not all supercentenarians are known to researchers at a given time and some claims cannot be validated or are fraudulent.[1] Since all the people on this list have ostensibly lived to at least the age of 110, all of them are supercentenarians.
Upon the death of Chiyo Miyako of Japan on 22 July 2018, Kane Tanaka, also of Japan, became the world's verified oldest living person.[3][4][5]
100 oldest living people
This incomplete list is frequently updated to include new information.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
No.
Name
Sex
Birth date
Age as of 26 August 2018
Place of residence
1 Kane Tanaka[3] F 2 January 1903 7004422400000000000♠115 years, 236 days Japan
2 Maria Giuseppa Robucci[3] F 20 March 1903 7004421630000000000♠115 years, 159 days Italy
3 Shimoe Akiyama[3] F 19 May 1903 7004421030000000000♠115 years, 99 days Japan
4 Magdalena Oliver Gabarro[6] F 31 October 1903 7004419380000000000♠114 years, 299 days Spain
5 Lucille Randon[7] F 11 February 1904[3] 7004418350000000000♠114 years, 196 days France
6 Shin Matsushita[3] F 30 March 1904 7004417870000000000♠114 years, 149 days Japan
7 Maria Vikentyevna Kononovich[8] F 27 May 1904 7004417290000000000♠114 years, 91 days Belarus
8 Gabrielle Valentine des Robert[3] F 4 June 1904 7004417210000000000♠114 years, 83 days France
9 Lessie Brown[3] F 22 September 1904 7004416110000000000♠113 years, 338 days United States
10 Olive Boar[3] F 29 September 1904 7004416040000000000♠113 years, 331 days United Kingdom
11 Maggie Kidd[9] F 8 December 1904 7004415340000000000♠113 years, 261 days United States
12 Jeanne Bot[3] F 14 January 1905 7004414970000000000♠113 years, 224 days France
13 Shigeyo Nakachi[3] F 1 February 1905 7004414790000000000♠113 years, 206 days Japan
14 Haruno Yamashita[3] F 19 February 1905 7004414610000000000♠113 years, 188 days Japan
15 Kame Ganeko[3] F 10 April 1905 7004414110000000000♠113 years, 138 days Japan
16 Antonia Valderrama Ocampo[10] F 11 April 1905 7004414100000000000♠113 years, 137 days Mexico
17 Ellen Gibb[3] F 26 April 1905 7004413950000000000♠113 years, 122 days Canada
18 Alelia Murphy[3] F 6 July 1905 7004413240000000000♠113 years, 51 days United States
19 Anonymous of Kyoto[3] F 16 July 1905 7004413140000000000♠113 years, 41 days Japan
20 Geertje Kuijntjes[3] F 19 July 1905 7004413110000000000♠113 years, 38 days Netherlands
21 Katerina Kornarou[11] F 25 July 1905 7004413050000000000♠113 years, 32 days Greece
Masazō Nonaka[3] M 25 July 1905 7004413050000000000♠113 years, 32 days Japan
23 Osugi Sogo[3] F 13 August 1905 7004412860000000000♠113 years, 13 days Japan
24 Hester Ford[3] F 15 August 1905 7004412840000000000♠113 years, 11 days United States
25 Iris Westman[3] F 28 August 1905 7004412710000000000♠112 years, 363 days United States
26 Tsukimi Kishi[3] F 31 August 1905 7004412680000000000♠112 years, 360 days Japan
27 Mariannina Genovese[3] F 15 October 1905 7004412230000000000♠112 years, 315 days Italy
Gustav Gerneth[12] M 15 October 1905 7004412230000000000♠112 years, 315 days Germany[a]
Manoel Dionisio da Silva[13] M 15 October 1905 7004412230000000000♠112 years, 315 days Brazil
30 Lucille Treccase[3] F 18 October 1905 7004412200000000000♠112 years, 312 days United States
31 Kura Bingo[3] F 20 October 1905 7004412180000000000♠112 years, 310 days Japan
32 Diega Cammalleri[3] F 23 October 1905 7004412150000000000♠112 years, 307 days Italy
33 Kimi Asanuma[3] F 3 November 1905 7004412040000000000♠112 years, 296 days Japan
Mina Kitagawa[3] F 3 November 1905 7004412040000000000♠112 years, 296 days Japan
35 Misao Uemura[3] F 7 November 1905 7004412000000000000♠112 years, 292 days Japan
36 Isabel Castaño Restrepo[14] F 11 January 1906 7004411350000000000♠112 years, 227 days United States[b]
37 Elvira Moguel[15] F 25 January 1906 7004411210000000000♠112 years, 213 days Mexico
38 Guerina Amedei[3] F 31 January 1906 7004411150000000000♠112 years, 207 days Italy
39 Margaret Vivian[3] F 25 February 1906 7004410900000000000♠112 years, 182 days Australia[c]
40 Anna Benericetti-Cimatti[3] F 22 March 1906 7004410650000000000♠112 years, 157 days Italy
41 Julie Montabord[3] F 17 April 1906 7004410390000000000♠112 years, 131 days France (Martinique)
42 Richard Arvin Overton[3] M 11 May 1906 7004410150000000000♠112 years, 107 days United States
43 Henrietta Irwin[3] F 27 May 1906 7004409990000000000♠112 years, 91 days Canada[d]
44 Tekla Juniewicz[3] F 10 June 1906 7004409850000000000♠112 years, 77 days Poland[e]
45 Mazie Ford[3] F 28 June 1906 7004409670000000000♠112 years, 59 days United States
46 An Brasz[16] F 16 July 1906 7004409490000000000♠112 years, 41 days Netherlands
47 Marie-Louise Taterode[17] F 17 July 1906 7004409480000000000♠112 years, 40 days France
48 Minnie Whicker[18][19] F 24 July 1906 7004409410000000000♠112 years, 33 days United States
49 Mathilde Mange[20] F 10 August 1906 7004409240000000000♠112 years, 16 days Germany
50 Elisabeth Tränkner[21] F 11 August 1906 7004409230000000000♠112 years, 15 days Germany
51 Clara Cedeño Tello[22] F 12 August 1906 7004409220000000000♠112 years, 14 days Panama
52 Josefa Santos González[23] F 7 September 1906 7004408960000000000♠111 years, 353 days Spain
53 Grace Catherine Jones[24] F 16 September 1906 7004408870000000000♠111 years, 344 days United Kingdom
54 Helen White[25] F 21 September 1906 7004408820000000000♠111 years, 339 days United States
55 Louise Schaaf[26] F 16 October 1906 7004408570000000000♠111 years, 314 days United States[f]
Renata Bianchi[27] F 16 October 1906 7004408570000000000♠111 years, 314 days Italy
57 Natsu Kotsuka[28] F 18 October 1906 7004408550000000000♠111 years, 312 days Japan
58 Valentine Ligny[29] F 22 October 1906 7004408510000000000♠111 years, 308 days France
Carmela Velardi[30] F 22 October 1906 7004408510000000000♠111 years, 308 days Italy
60 Seki Inagaki[31] F 4 November 1906 7004408380000000000♠111 years, 295 days Japan
61 Lydia Smuda[32] F 6 November 1906 7004408360000000000♠111 years, 293 days Germany
62 Beulah Meloche[33] F 23 November 1906 7004408190000000000♠111 years, 276 days United States
63 Adma Tura[34] F 25 December 1906 7004407870000000000♠111 years, 244 days France[g]
64 Tsunahei Ogawa[35] M 9 January 1907 7004407720000000000♠111 years, 229 days Japan
65 Kaoru Ueda[36] F 10 January 1907 7004407710000000000♠111 years, 228 days Japan
66 Hildegard Lange[37] F 12 January 1907 7004407690000000000♠111 years, 226 days Germany
Arcadia Aguilar Noyola[38] F 12 January 1907 7004407690000000000♠111 years, 226 days Mexico
68 Tari Chiba[39] F 19 January 1907 7004407620000000000♠111 years, 219 days Japan
Hama Yasukawa[40] F 19 January 1907 7004407620000000000♠111 years, 219 days Japan
70 Francisca Casado Guzman[41] F 31 January 1907 7004407500000000000♠111 years, 207 days Mexico
71 Ellen Goodwill[42] F 2 February 1907 7004407480000000000♠111 years, 205 days United States
72 Sumie Yabune[43] F 5 February 1907 7004407450000000000♠111 years, 202 days Japan
73 Kameo Oya[44] M 12 February 1907 7004407380000000000♠111 years, 195 days Japan
74 Christine Hoscheid[45] F 16 February 1907 7004407340000000000♠111 years, 191 days Germany
75 Kikue Tanaka[46] F 25 February 1907 7004407250000000000♠111 years, 182 days Japan
76 Sanae Uchiyama[35] F 27 February 1907 7004407230000000000♠111 years, 180 days Japan
77 Maria Branyas Morera[47] F 4 March 1907 7004407180000000000♠111 years, 175 days Spain[h]
78 Icie Clark[48] F 19 March 1907 7004407030000000000♠111 years, 160 days United States
79 Tame Yamaguchi[49] F 20 March 1907 7004407020000000000♠111 years, 159 days Japan
80 Shivakumara Swami[50] M 1 April 1907 7004406900000000000♠111 years, 147 days India
81 Sumire Hishikawa[51] F 21 April 1907 7004406700000000000♠111 years, 127 days Japan
82 Sixta Tulia Aguinaga de Posada[52][53] F 22 April 1907 7004406690000000000♠111 years, 126 days United States[i]
83 Voncile Drye[54][55] F 24 April 1907 7004406670000000000♠111 years, 124 days United States
84 Marguerite Robertson[56] F 13 May 1907 7004406480000000000♠111 years, 105 days Canada
85 Opal Goode[57] F 3 June 1907 7004406270000000000♠111 years, 84 days United States
86 Florence Carroll[58] F 9 June 1907 7004406210000000000♠111 years, 78 days United States
87 Cecile Klein[59] F 15 June 1907 7004406150000000000♠111 years, 72 days Canada
88 Irene Lepetit[60] F 16 June 1907 7004406140000000000♠111 years, 71 days France
89 Marie-Florentine Jousseaume[61] F 17 June 1907 7004406130000000000♠111 years, 70 days France
90 Lona Collins[62] F 18 June 1907 7004406120000000000♠111 years, 69 days United States
91 Gisele Chalifour[63] F 20 June 1907 7004406100000000000♠111 years, 67 days Canada
92 Valesca Tanganelli[64] F 7 July 1907 7004405930000000000♠111 years, 50 days Italy
93 Juliette Boulivet[65] F 8 July 1907 7004405920000000000♠111 years, 49 days France
94 Evelyn Kleine[66] F 11 July 1907 7004405890000000000♠111 years, 46 days United States
95 Virtudes Tomas Navarro[67] F 17 July 1907 7004405830000000000♠111 years, 40 days Spain
96 Millicent Yearwood[68] F 22 July 1907 7004405780000000000♠111 years, 35 days Barbados
97 Marie-Louise Berthelot[69] F 29 July 1907 7004405710000000000♠111 years, 28 days France
Hazel Schuth[70] F 29 July 1907 7004405710000000000♠111 years, 28 days United States
99 Celestina Penabad[71] F 2 August 1907 7004405670000000000♠111 years, 24 days Spain
100 Ethel Sinclaire[72] F 14 August 1907 7004405550000000000♠111 years, 12 days United States
Notes
Jump up ^ Gerneth was born in Stettin, then part of the German Empire; it is now named Szczecin and located in Poland.
Jump up ^ Castaño Restrepo was born in Colombia.
Jump up ^ Vivian was born in Scotland, United Kingdom.
Jump up ^ Irwin was born in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Jump up ^ Juniewicz was born in Krupsko near Lviv, Austria-Hungary. It is now located in Ukraine.
Jump up ^ Schaaf was born in the German Empire, which is today Germany.
Jump up ^ Tura was born in Kaytouli, then part of the Ottoman Empire. It is now located in Lebanon.
Jump up ^ Morera was born in San Francisco, California, United States.
Jump up ^ Posada was born in Colombia.
References
^ Jump up to: a b Nuwer, Rachel (16 September 2015). "Keeping Track of the oldest People in the World". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Ballinger, Barbara. "Q&A: Supercentenarian Vera Van Wagner On Living to a Really Ripe Old Age, Marrying the Love of Her Life and Waiting For a Big Birthday Bash". Hudson Valley Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List". Gerontology Research Group. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Oldest person title officially achieved by 117-year-old Chiyo Miyako before her death". Guinness World Records. 2018-07-26. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Japan's oldest person Chiyo Miyako dies at 117". The Japan Times Online. 2018-07-26. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Living to over 120 could soon be possible, say Spanish scientists". thinkspain.com. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link](in French)
Jump up ^ "Как живется старейшей жительнице Беларуси". Беларусь Сегодня (in Russian). 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
Jump up ^ "Oldest living Georgia resident turns 113". 11alive.com. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Luviano, Rodolfo Valadez. "La Jornada Guerrero - Antonia Valderrama cumple 113 años; podría ser la mujer más longeva de Guerrero". www.lajornadaguerrero.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-11.
Jump up ^ "H κυρία Κατερίνα είναι 113 ετών - Η Ελληνίδα που διεκδικεί τον τίτλο της γηραιότερης γυναίκας του κόσμου".
Jump up ^ "Deutschlands wohl ältester Mann feiert 112. Geburtstag". wn.de. 15 October 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2017
Jump up ^ "Morador de Jacareí celebra 112 anos e dá dica para longevidade: 'Aproveitar a vida'". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Woman living in Miami Beach turns 112 today". Wopular. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "En la unidad vamos a poner a Jiquipilas de pie: Enoc Hernández | Cintalapanecos.com | Noticias & Eventos". www.cintalapanecos.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-11.
Jump up ^ "Utrechtse An Brasz viert 112e verjaardag". rtvutrecht.nl. 16 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018
Jump up ^ MVO (18 July 2018). "Puy-de-Dôme : La doyenne auvergnate fête ses 112 ans". francetvinfo.fr. Retrieved 19 July 2018
Jump up ^ "Roseville Woman Celebrates Her 111th Birthday".
Jump up ^ "112 Year Old Birthday". July 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Hansmann, Rolf (10 August 2018). "Deutschlands älteste Frau wird 112: „Nicht aufgeben, was immer kommt"" (in German). Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Ursula Kuttler-Merz (11 August 2018). "Die Zeitung als Hörrohr: Heute wird die Rottenburgerin Elisabeth Tränkner 112 Jahre alt" (in German). neckar-chronik.de. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Emilia Zeballos (12 August 2018). "La 'Tía Clara' Cedeño llega hoy a los 112 años" (in Spanish). elsiglo.com.pa. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Josefa Santos cumple 111 años en la residencia madrileña Geriatros-SARquavitae Mirasierra (Madrid) - Residencias DomusVi". domusvi.es. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Woman from Worcestershire celebrates 111th birthday". BBC. 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ Dianne Poston Owens (2017-10-05). "Marion County native Helen White celebrates 111th birthday". SCNow.com. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
Jump up ^ "Chicago area woman celebrates 111th birthday". abc7chicago.com. 16 October 2017 Retrieved 20 October 2017
Jump up ^ "Cesena, Renata, 111 anni senza sforzo - Cronaca - ilrestodelcarlino.it - il Resto del Carlino". 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Yamanashi prefecture Sept update 2017" (in Japanese).
Jump up ^ "À 111 ans, l'Amiénoise Valentine Ligny doyenne des Hauts-de-France". Courrier picard. 24 October 2017 Retrieved 27 October 2017
Jump up ^ "111 ANNI, AUGURI A NONNA CARMELA VELARDI!". terminalmilazzo.com. 22 October 2017 Retrieved 27 October 2017
Jump up ^ "Hokkaido prefecture report" (PDF) (in Japanese).
Jump up ^ "Älteste Frau Hamburgs: Lydia Smuda feiert ihren 111. Geburtstag". www.sat1regional.de. 6 November 2017 Retrieved 6 November 2017
Jump up ^ "Congressional Record". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Argelès-sur-Mer fête Noël... et les 111 ans de sa doyenne !". L'Indépendant.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nagasaki prefecture news" (PDF) (in Japanese).
Jump up ^ "Osaka Prefecture News" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Glückwunsch zum 111. Geburtstag". Paderborn am Sonntag (in German). 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Mexicana cumple 111 años de edad y su familia lo celebra". Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-11.
Jump up ^ "Tokachi Mainichi News". 2018-01-19.
Jump up ^ "Sankei News West". 2018-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Mujer de Angangueo Cumple 111 Años de Vida - El Despertar". El Despertar (in Spanish). 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
Jump up ^ "Calhoun County's oldest known woman, Ellen Goodwill, turns 111 years old". battlecreekenquirer.com. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Wakayama Prefecture News" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "高齢者数：県内１００歳以上８７９人　最高齢は佐伯・大矢亀雄さん１１０歳　／大分 - 毎日新聞".
Jump up ^ "Duerener" (PDF).
Jump up ^ 鹿児島県. "鹿児島県の百歳以上高齢者について".
Jump up ^ "Maria Branyas, nuestra centenaria más mayor, protagonista del programa GIRONA, MÉS | Residencia Tura". www.residenciatura.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-03-18.
Jump up ^ "Icie Clark celebrates birthday No. 110". post-gazette.com. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "１１０歳、山口タメさん（日向）　県内最高齢知事祝う（宮崎日日新聞） - Yahoo!ニュース". yahoo.co.jp. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "PM greets Shivakumara Swami of Siddaganga Mutt on his 110th Birthday". www.uniindia.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "鈴鹿市　池上茂樹". www.komei.or.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-04-04.
Jump up ^ "Good Life: Positive achievements for April 28". poughkeepsiejournal.com. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "DUTCHESS COUNTY HONORS THE 2018 SENIORS OF THE YEAR". dutchessny.gov. 21 May 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Carter, Rod (7 February 2018). "110-year-old to be honored at Grandmothers Gala in Tampa".
Jump up ^ Harris, Laura (7 February 2018). "110-year-old grandmother being honored at Grandmother's Valentine's Day Gala".
Jump up ^ Naylor, Cornelia. "'Life is still interesting,' says 110-year-old New Westminster woman". newwestrecord.ca. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Opal celebrates 111 'Goode' years". news-ridgecrest.com. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "TODAY celebrates milestone birthdays, anniversaries: June 12, 2017". TODAY.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "At 111, Cecile Klein is a witness to Montreal history". theseniortimes.com. 5 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018
Jump up ^ Rédaction (2018-07-06). "Site d'informations en ligne, sur Tarbes et le Grand Tarbes". tarbes-infos.com (in French). Retrieved 2018-07-06.
Jump up ^ "Chantonnay. Marie, 110 ans, est la doyenne de la Vendée". ouest-france.fr. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Local woman beats the odds, turns 110". wkyc.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Elle fête 110 ans à Bordeaux-Cartierville".
Jump up ^ "Valesca è la nonna della Valdinievole: festeggia 110 anni - Cronaca - il Tirreno". 7 July 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/sainte-scolasse-sur-sarthe-61170/
Jump up ^ "Minnesota's Oldest Person Celebrates 111th Birthday". 11 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Tomás, Francisco (17 July 2018). "Una vecina de Villena cumple 111 años".
Jump up ^ author, Nation News. "Millicent marks milestone".
Jump up ^ "La doyenne de la Mayenne fête ses 111 ans". 31 July 2018.
Jump up ^ AP, Caroline Peterson, Reporter; Ariana Baldassano,. "Hazel Schuth, thought to be the oldest person in Wisconsin, turns 111".
Jump up ^ Cristina Arias (2 August 2018). "Celestina Penabad, abuela de Galicia, celebra su 111 cumpleaños en Xermade" (in Spanish). elprogreso.es. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Jump up ^ Kevin Hall (14 August 2017). "Moultrian Sinclaire celebrates 110 years". moultrieobserver.com. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
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