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Night Castle
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Night Castle
Studio album by Trans-Siberian Orchestra
Released
October 28, 2009
Recorded
January 2006-2008
Genre
Symphonic metal
progressive metal
neoclassical metal
Length
2:01:30
Label
Lava
Producer
Paul O'Neill
Robert Kinkel
Trans-Siberian Orchestra chronology
The Lost Christmas Eve
(2004)The Lost Christmas Eve2004 Night Castle
(2009) Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night)
(2012)Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night)2012
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic - [1]
Night Castle is the fifth rock opera by the Trans-Siberian Orchestra; a double CD that includes a sixty-page booklet illustrated by Greg Hildebrandt,[2] it was released on October 28, 2009, debuting at #5 on the Billboard charts and #1 on the rock music charts. It was certified gold in eight weeks and is currently a platinum album.
Contents
[hide]
1 Reception
2 Track listing
2.1 Disc one
2.2 Disc two
3 Personnel
3.1 Performers
3.1.1 Vocals
3.1.2 Instruments
4 Savatage connections
5 References
6 External links
Reception[edit]
Like in all of Trans-Siberian Orchestra's previous albums, the story in Night Castle is as important as the music. Though both music and story are designed to stand alone, when combined they are far more powerful and emotionally engaging. The progressive rock website Sea of Tranquility called Night Castle "A musical masterpiece that will have you on edge one moment and weeping like a baby the next." [3] The story revolves around a young child on a beach late at night, where she encounters a mysterious but non-threatening stranger. While they build a sandcastle together by the light of a bonfire, he tells her a tale that takes her all around the world and throughout history. "Their most ambitious and adventurous work to date. It runs the gamut from hard rock to classical taking the listener on a journey through history detailing the triumphs and follies of man but is ultimately a story of transformation and love."[4] Metal Kaoz album review said,"From the moment the play button is pressed, the listener is exposed to a wide range of emotions and colors reaching many a delightful climax...The second CD serves a hearty collection of re-arranged tracks that will blow your mind".[5]SoundPress called it compelling, dramatic, diverse, and "although the songs stand on their own merit it is strongly suggested that listeners read the 64 page booklet," [6] As of April, 2013, iTunes customers rated it 4.5 on a scale of 1 to 5, with 346 reviews and the vast majority rating it perfect.[7] Skope Diverse Music Coverage starts their review with, "TSO is recognized as the ultimate touring operatic/theatrical act in music today".[8]
In 2011, Atlantic released the album on vinyl in an eight side (Four disc) set in a special slip box designed to avoid the cracked corners that plague many vinyl box set. The album includes a version of Kim Fowley's Nut Rocker as a tribute to Emerson, Lake & Palmer, who in turn had performed the song as a tribute to Tchaikovsky. Greg Lake from Emerson, Lake & Palmer honored the band by playing bass on the album.[9]
Bonus tracks include the songs "Child of the Night" and "Believe" which, according to the band, are a glimpse into future projects. An additional bonus track, "The Flight of Cassandra", was available exclusively online on Amazon.com, the first time that TSO had done something like this.
Track listing[edit]
Disc one[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Night Enchanted" 5:46
2. "Childhood Dreams" 4:25
3. "Sparks" 6:01
4. "The Mountain" (Instrumental) 4:54
5. "Night Castle" 3:57
6. "The Safest Way Into Tomorrow" 4:57
7. "Mozart and Memories" (Instrumental) 5:16
8. "Another Way You Can Die" 3:54
9. "Toccata - Carpimus Noctem" (Instrumental) 4:02
10. "The Lion's Roar" (Instrumental) 4:36
11. "Dreams We Conceive" 5:13
12. "Mother and Son" 0:41
13. "There Was a Life" 9:35
Total length: 63:10
Disc two[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Moonlight and Madness" (Instrumental) 5:04
2. "Time Floats On" 3:33
3. "Epiphany" 11:00
4. "Bach Lullaby" (Instrumental) 0:50
5. "Father, Son & Holy Ghost" 6:48
6. "Remnants of a Lullaby" 3:10
7. "The Safest Way Into Tomorrow (Reprise)" 1:43
8. "Embers" (Instrumental) 3:53
9. "Child of the Night" (The Flower Duet) 3:29
10. "Believe" (Savatage remake) 6:12
11. "Nutrocker" (Instrumental) 4:07
12. "Carmina Burana" 2:44
13. "Tracers" (Instrumental) 5:47
14. "Requiem" (Live 2010 (European Release Only))
15. "Toccata - Carpimus Noctem" (Live 2010 (European Release Only))
Total length: 58:20
Personnel[edit]
Paul O'Neill - Producer
Robert Kinkel - Producer
Dave Wittman - Recording & Mix Engineer
Performers[edit]
Vocals[edit]
Solo:
Jay Pierce - "Childhood Dreams", "The Safest Way Into Tomorrow"
Tim Hockenberry - "Sparks", "Believe"
Jeff Scott Soto - "Night Castle", "Another Way You Can Die", "Dreams We Conceive", "Time Floats On", "The Safest Way Into Tomorrow (Reprise)"
Rob Evan - "There Was a Life", "Epiphany"
Jennifer Cella - "Father, Son, and Holy Ghost", "Remnants of a Lullaby"
Alexa Goddard - "Child of the Night"
Valentina Porter - "Child of the Night"
Backup:
Steve Broderick
Luci Butler
Jennifer Cella
Britney Christian
Rob Evan
Dina Fanai
Tommy Farese
Allison Flom
Tony Gaynor
Christie George
Alexa Goddard
Kristin Lewis Gorman
Erin Henry
Steena Hernandez
Kelly Keeling
Robert Kinkel
Danielle Landherr
James Lewis
Tany Ling
Sanya Mateyas
Ireland Wilde O'Neill
Valentina Porter
Andrew Ross
Bart Shatto
Evan Shyer
Abby Skoff
Zachary Stevens
Adrienne Warren
Scout Xavier
Guide:
Bryan Hicks - "Epiphany"
Dina Fanai - "Night Enchanted"
Robert Kinkel - "Night Enchanted"
Gospel Choir:
Keith Jacobs
Lucille Jacobs
Nathaniel Jacobs
Shelia Upshaw
Child Choir:
The American Boychoir, directed by Fernando Malvar-Ruiz
Vietnamese Dialogue:
Truc Xuan Le
Khanh Ong
Nhattien Nguyen
Nga Nguyen
Instruments[edit]
Band:
Paul O'Neill - Guitars
Robert Kinkel - Keyboards
Jon Oliva - Keyboards
Al Pitrelli - Lead & Rhythm Guitars
Chris Altenhoff - Bass
Luci Butler - Keyboards
Chris Caffery - Guitars
Shih-Yi Chiang - Keyboards
Roddy Chong - Violin
Angus Clark - Guitars
Jane Mangini - Keyboards
Johnny Lee Middleton - Bass
John O. Reilly - Drums
Anna Phoebe - Violin
Jeff Plate - Drums
Alex Skolnick - Guitars
Derek Wieland - Keyboards
Dave Wittman - Drum, Guitar, & Bass Inserts
Strings:
Roddy Chong
Caitlin Moe
Anna Phoebe
Allison Zlotow
Lowell Adams
Karen Dumke
Lei Liu
Chizuko Matsusaka
Sarah Shellman
Additional Instruments:
Jeff Allegue - Bass
Jay Coble - Trumpet
Alicia Crawford - Bass
Jason Gianni - Drums
Peter Evans - Trumpet
Max Johnson - Bass
Greg Lake - Bass on "Nutrocker"
Trey Tosh - Guitars
Criss Oliva - Guitars on the original version of "The Mountain".
Savatage connections[edit]
Some of the songs on Night Castle trace their origins to music written by Savatage, the heavy metal band from which the Trans-Siberian Orchestra evolved.
"The Mountain" was originally recorded as "Prelude to Madness" on Savatage's Hall of the Mountain King album. The song itself is based on Edvard Grieg's In the Hall of the Mountain King with new music added in the style of Holst.
Parts of the song "The Lion's Roar" are taken from the song "Temptation Revelation" off of the Gutter Ballet album. Parts are also from the traditional Irish song "The Minstrel Boy"
"Mozart and Memories", a reworking of Mozart's Symphony No. 25, was originally recorded as "Mozart and Madness" on Dead Winter Dead.
"Believe" was originally featured on Streets: A Rock Opera; portions of it also appear in "Alone You Breathe" on Handful of Rain and "When The Crowds Are Gone" on Gutter Ballet.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allmusic - review
Jump up ^ Night Castle credits
Jump up ^ SeaofTranquility, October 27, 2009
Jump up ^ Heavy Metal Cosmos, October 2009
Jump up ^ MetalKaoz, 08/10/2011
Jump up ^ SoundPress.net,November,2009
Jump up ^ Itunes.apple.com
Jump up ^ Skopemag.com, December 24, 2009
Jump up ^ Night Castle credits
External links[edit]
Official Site
Latin Mentor for Trans-Siberian Orchestra: Dr. Clement Kuehn
[hide]
v
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Trans-Siberian Orchestra
Jon Oliva
Paul O'Neill
Robert Kinkel
Al Pitrelli
Vocalists
Jennifer Cella
Steve Broderick
Bryan Hicks
Kayla Reeves
Zachary Stevens
Patti Russo
Russell Allen
Jeff Scott Soto
Guitarists
Al Pitrelli
Chris Caffery
Joel Hoekstra
Angus Clark
Former: Alex Skolnick
Other musicians
Johnny Lee Middleton (bass)
Jeff Plate (drums)
David Z (bass)
Anna Phoebe (violin)
Former: Mark Wood (violin)
Bob Kinkel (keyboards)
Studio albums
Christmas Eve and Other Stories (1996)
The Christmas Attic (1998)
Beethoven's Last Night (2000)
The Lost Christmas Eve (2004)
Night Castle (2009)
Letters from the Labyrinth (2015)
Compilation albums
Tales of Winter: Selections from the TSO Rock Operas (2013)
Extended plays
Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night) (2012)
Video
The Ghosts of Christmas Eve
Singles
"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24"
"Christmas Canon"
"Wizards in Winter"
"Nutrocker"
Related articles
Discography
Savatage
Jon Oliva's Pain
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Left axis deviation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.
In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°. This is reflected by a QRS complex positive in lead I and negative in leads aVF and II.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cause
2 Diagnosis
3 See also
4 References
Cause[edit]
Common causes of LAD include left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left anterior fascicular block (or hemiblock) and inferior myocardial infarction.[2][3] Less commonly LAD may be a normal variant, particularly in obese or stocky individuals, or it may be associated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome or an ostium primum atrial septal defect.
LVH is generally recognised as a cause of LAD,[2][3][4] although some sources claim that LVH does not cause LAD.[1][5]
Diagnosis[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)
See also[edit]
Right axis deviation
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Jenkins, Dean (1996). "The electrical axis at a glance". www.ecglibrary.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Lilly, Leonard (2006). Pathophysiology of Heart Disease. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6321-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Kasper D, Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1314. ISBN 0-07-147760-8.
Jump up ^ Burns, Ed. "Left Axis Deviation (LAD)". LITFL: Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
Jump up ^ http://www.fpnotebook.com/cv/exam/LftAxsDvtn.htm
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This article about a medical condition affecting the circulatory system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Laurie Metcalf
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Laurie Metcalf
Metcalf in 2008
Born
Laura Elizabeth Metcalf
(1955-06-16) June 16, 1955 (age 62)
Carbondale, Illinois, U.S.
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1974–present
Spouse(s)
Jeff Perry (m. 1983; div. 1992)
Matt Roth (m. 1993; div. 2014)
Children
4; including Zoe Perry
Awards
Emmy Awards
Tony Award
Laura Elizabeth "Laurie" Metcalf[1] (born June 16, 1955) is an American actress. Metcalf began her career with the Steppenwolf Theater Company and frequently works in Chicago theater, including the 1983 revival of Balm in Gilead.
From 1988 to 1997, Metcalf portrayed the role of Jackie Harris on the ABC sitcom Roseanne, for which she won three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (1992–1994), and was also nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. A ten-time Emmy Award nominee, Metcalf's television credits include 3rd Rock from the Sun, The Norm Show, Desperate Housewives, and The Big Bang Theory. From 2013 to 2015, she played a leading role of Dr. Jenna James in the HBO comedy series Getting On, for which she received critical acclaim and a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.[2]
For her stage performances and work on Broadway, Metcalf has received four Tony Award nominations, winning Best Actress in a Play in 2017 for her performance in A Doll's House, Part 2. She starred as Mary Tyrone in a London production of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night at the Apollo Theatre in 2012.[3] She has also received a Theatre World Award and two Obie Awards for her Off-Broadway work.
Metcalf has starred in numerous films, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Uncle Buck (1989), Internal Affairs (1990), Pacific Heights (1990), JFK (1991), A Dangerous Woman (1993), Leaving Las Vegas (1995), Dear God (1996), Scream 2 (1997), and Meet the Robinsons (2007). She also voiced the role of Mrs. Davis in the acclaimed Toy Story film series. In 2017, Metcalf received critical acclaim for her performance as Marion McPherson in Greta Gerwig's comedy-drama film Lady Bird, for which she is nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a SAG Award.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Stage
2.2 Television and film
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
5 Theatre credits
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Metcalf was born in Carbondale, Illinois, the eldest of three children, with her brother James, and sister Linda,[4] and was raised in Edwardsville, Illinois, which she has said "isn't anywhere near a theatre".[5] Her father, James, was the budget director at Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville at the time of his sudden death in 1984, and her mother, Libby, was a librarian.[6][7] Her great-aunt was the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Zoë Akins.[8] She is an alumna of Illinois State University, class of 1976.[9]
Metcalf worked as a "damn good" secretary while in college and thoroughly enjoyed seeing a pile of paper in the to-do box on one side of her desk move over to the completed side by the end of the day, as she often zoned in on the task at hand and worked through lunch.[5] She originally majored in German thinking she could work as an interpreter and then in Anthropology before accepting that majoring in Theatre was her true passion, and has said that theatre work also involves interpreting and studying human behavior.[5] She has described herself as hideously shy, yet found the courage to audition for a few plays in high school and was "hooked", yet never considered acting as a career because of the unlikelihood of it actually leading to regular work.[5][10]
Career[edit]
Stage[edit]
Metcalf attended Illinois State University and earned her Bachelor of Arts in Theater in 1976. While at ISU, she met fellow theater students, among them John Malkovich, Glenne Headly, Joan Allen, Terry Kinney, and Jeff Perry, the latter two of whom, along with Perry's high school classmate Gary Sinise, went on to establish Chicago's famed Steppenwolf Theatre Company. Metcalf began her professional career at Steppenwolf, of which she was a charter member.[11][12] Metcalf went to New York to appear in an Off-Broadway Steppenwolf production of Balm in Gilead at Circle Repertory in 1984[13] for which she received the 1984 Obie Award for Best Actress and a 1984–85 Theatre World Award (for best debut in a Broadway or Off-Broadway performance).[11] Metcalf was praised for her performance as Darlene, and was specifically singled out for her tour de force twenty-minute Act Two monologue.[14]
There's a moment when Laurie Metcalf—who plays this poor young thing that comes to the big city and hangs out at this greasy spoon diner where the play is set—is talking about her once boyfriend who is an albino; I think it's a monologue of about five, six, seven minutes. Just to sit there and watch and hear Laurie unspool that story, it just brought tears coming down your eyes—oh, boy, it was something.
—  Chicago critic Richard Christiansen on Balm in Gilead
Thereafter, Metcalf relocated to New York City and began to work in both film and theater, including such productions as David Mamet's November on Broadway in 2008.[15]
Through June 2009, Metcalf starred with French Stewart in Justin Tanner's play, Voice Lessons, in Hollywood before beginning rehearsals to play Kate Jerome in the Broadway revival of Neil Simon's semi-autobiographical plays Brighton Beach Memoirs and Broadway Bound, directed by David Cromer. The former production's run, however, lasted for 9 performances in October 2009, while the latter was canceled prior to opening.[16][17][18]
Voice Lessons, however, with its original cast intact, went on to two more runs—one Off-Broadway in May 2010,[19] and another in Hollywood in May 2011.[20]
In September 2010, Metcalf returned to Steppenwolf and starred in Lisa D'Amour's play, Detroit.[21]
In March 2011, she appeared Off-Broadway in The Other Place by Sharr White.[22] She won the 2011 Lucille Lortel Award, Outstanding Lead Actress, and the 2011 Obie Award, Performance for The Other Place.[23]
In 2012, Metcalf joined David Suchet in a West End production of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night, for which she was nominated for the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress.[24][25]
The Other Place transferred to Broadway in 2013, with Metcalf reprising her role and earning Tony and Drama League nominations.[26][27][28] She starred with her real-life daughter, Zoe Perry.[29]
In October 2013, Metcalf performed with Jeff Goldblum in Domesticated, by Bruce Norris at the Off-Broadway Mitzi Newhouse Theater of Lincoln Center.[30] She was nominated for the 2014 Lucille Lortel Award, Outstanding Lead Actress in a Play; the 2014 Drama League Award, Distinguished Performance; and the 2014 Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Actress in a Play for Domesticated.[23]
She was then cast in the role of Annie Wilkes in the Broadway production of Stephen King's Misery, opposite Bruce Willis. The play premiered on November 15, 2015.[31] It received mixed reviews from critics, however Metcalf's performance was widely acclaimed.[32] She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, her third Tony nomination overall.[31]
Metcalf returned to Broadway in A Doll's House, Part 2 by Lucas Hnath, which opened in April 2017. She received critical acclaim for her performance and earned nominations for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, the Drama Desk Award, the Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance, and the Outer Critics Circle Award, winning the Tony Award.[33][34][35][36][37]
Television and film[edit]
Metcalf at the 44th Primetime Emmy Awards
Metcalf has performed in roles that range from very large to very small in many films, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Making Mr. Right (1987), Miles from Home, Internal Affairs, Stars and Bars, Beer League, Mistress, A Dangerous Woman, Uncle Buck, Blink, The Secret Life of Houses, Treasure Planet, Toy Story, Runaway Bride, Bulworth, Meet the Robinsons, Georgia Rule (2007), Fun with Dick and Jane, Leaving Las Vegas, Scream 2, Stop Loss (2008), and Hop.[38]
Metcalf has often appeared against type in both film and television; in JFK (1991), she played a dramatic role as one of Jim Garrison's chief investigators.[39] She appeared as the murderous mother of Billy Loomis in the horror film Scream 2 (1997);[40] and portrayed real-life Carolyn McCarthy in the television movie The Long Island Incident (1998).[41]
Metcalf has appeared in several television series, including being a cast member for a single episode of Saturday Night Live—the final episode of the show's tumultuous 1980–1981 season. In 1981, she appeared as a feature player on the first Dick Ebersol-produced episode of Saturday Night Live following the firing of Jean Doumanian. She appeared in a Weekend Update segment about taking a bullet for the President of the United States. Because of the sketch show's severe decline in quality at the time and the 1981 Writers Guild of America strike, the show was put on hiatus for retooling. Metcalf was never asked back to be a cast member.
Metcalf is perhaps best known for her role as Jackie, the multiple-careered, low self-esteemed, amiable sister of the title character in the hit series Roseanne. Her performance garnered her three consecutive Emmy Awards. Roseanne ran from 1988 to 1997, and Metcalf appeared as Jackie over the show's entire run.[42]
She subsequently appeared with Norm Macdonald on The Norm Show (or Norm), which ran for three seasons (1999–2001),[43] and was also a regular character on the 2003 Nathan Lane series Charlie Lawrence,[44] which was cancelled after the airing of two episodes. Metcalf has made guest appearances on Absolutely Fabulous, Malcolm in the Middle, My Boys, Dharma & Greg, Frasier, The Big Bang Theory, Without a Trace, 3rd Rock from the Sun, and Monk. She was nominated for the Emmy Award as Outstanding Guest Actress In A Comedy Series for both of the latter two listed roles.
Metcalf took a recurring role on Desperate Housewives—for which she received Emmy (also in the category Outstanding Guest Actress In A Comedy Series) and Satellite Award nominations—[45] and also appeared alongside her ex-husband Jeff Perry in an episode of Grey's Anatomy. In fall 2008, Metcalf starred in the CW dramedy Easy Money, as the matriarch of a family of loan sharks. The series was canceled after three episodes.[46]
Metcalf starred in HBO comedy series Getting On during its run from 2013–15.[47][45][48] Alongside this role, she was the lead actress in the short-lived CBS sitcom The McCarthys (2014–15).[49]
On April 28, 2017 it was announced that a revival of Roseanne was in the works and that Metcalf along with most of the original cast and some of the producers would return for the limited series that was being shopped around with ABC and Netflix the frontrunners to land the show.[50] On May 16, 2017 it was confirmed that eight episodes would air mid-season in 2018 on ABC.[51]
In 2017, Metcalf received critical acclaim for her performance in Lady Bird, a comedy-drama film directed by Greta Gerwig.[52][53] For her performance, she was nominated for numerous awards, including the Golden Globe Award and the SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Personal life[edit]
In 1983, Metcalf married Jeff Perry, co-founding member of Steppenwolf Theatre Company. They had a daughter, Zoe Perry, in 1984, and later divorced, in 1992.[54]
Metcalf later began a relationship with Matt Roth, the Roseanne co-star who played her abusive boyfriend, Fisher. By November 1993 they had a son, Will, and eventually married. They also worked together on occasion, as in the 1994 feature film thriller Blink and the 1998 drama Chicago Cab;[55] they also appeared together in an episode of Desperate Housewives. Their daughter, Mae Akins, was born in 2005 via surrogate. They had a second son, Donovan, whom they fostered at six years old in 2006 and permanently adopted.[56] On November 26, 2008, Metcalf and Roth separated. In September 2011, Roth filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. In May 2014, the divorce was finalized.[57]
Metcalf has self-disclosed as a workaholic and that she is hard on herself during rehearsals.[47] She has often said that she prefers theatre to any acting medium as it is where she feels most comfortable.[47]
She has also appeared in commercials for Plan USA, a humanitarian organization which helps children in need around the world.[58]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Sources: TCM;[38] Film Reference;[6] Rotten Tomatoes;[59] AllMovie[60]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1978 Wedding, AA Wedding Maid Uncredited role
1985 Desperately Seeking Susan Leslie Glass
1987 Making Mr. Right Sandy
1988 Candy Mountain Alice
1988 Stars and Bars Melissa
1988 Appointments of Dennis Jennings, TheThe Appointments of Dennis Jennings Emma Short film
1988 Miles from Home Exotic Dancer
1989 Uncle Buck Marcie Dahlgren-Frost
1990 Internal Affairs Amy Wallace
1990 Pacific Heights Stephanie MacDonald
1991 JFK Susie Cox
1992 Mistress Rachel Landisman
1993 Dangerous Woman, AA Dangerous Woman Anita Bell
1994 Secret Life of Houses, TheThe Secret Life of Houses Ann
1994 Blink Candice
1995 Leaving Las Vegas Landlady
1995 Toy Story Mrs. Davis Voice role
1996 Dear God Rebecca Frazen
1997 U Turn Bus Station Clerk
1997 Chicago Cab Female Ad Exec
1997 Scream 2 Debbie Salt / Mrs. Loomis
1998 Bulworth Mimi
1999 Runaway Bride Betty Trout Uncredited role
1999 Toy Story 2 Mrs. Davis Voice role
2000 Timecode Dava Adair Scenes deleted
2002 Treasure Planet Sarah Hawkins Voice role
2005 Fun with Dick and Jane Phyllis Uncredited role
2006 Steel City Marianne Karn
2006 Beer League Artie's Mom
2007 Meet the Robinsons Lucille Krunklehorn-Robinson Voice role
2007 Georgia Rule Paula Richards
2008 Stop-Loss Mrs. Colson
2010 Toy Story 3 Mrs. Davis Voice role
2017 Lady Bird Marion McPherson
2019 Toy Story 4 Mrs. Davis Voice role; in production
Television[edit]
Sources: Film Reference;[6] Rotten Tomatoes;[59] AllMovie[60]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1981 Saturday Night Live Weekend Update Reporter Episode: "Jr. Walker & the All-Stars"
1985 Execution of Raymond Graham, TheThe Execution of Raymond Graham Carol Graham Television film
1986 Equalizer, TheThe Equalizer Theresa Episode: "No Conscience"
1988–97, 2018 Roseanne Jackie Harris 219 episodes
1995–96 Duckman Various Voice role
Episodes: "Research and Destroy" and "Forbidden Fruit"
1997 King of the Hill Cissy Cobb Voice role
Episode: "Peggy the Boggle Champ"
1997 Eddie Files, TheThe Eddie Files Special Agent Hicks Episode: "Decimals – The Fake Money Caper"
1997 Life with Louie Miss Kinney Voice role
Episode: "The Kiss Is the Thing"
1997 Dharma & Greg Spyder Episode: "Instant Dharma"
1998 Always Outnumbered Halley Grimes Television film
1998 Long Island Incident, TheThe Long Island Incident Carolyn McCarthy Television film
1998 3rd Rock from the Sun Jennifer Ravelli 3 episodes
1999 Balloon Farm Casey Johnson Television film
1999–2001 Norm Show, TheThe Norm Show Laurie Freeman 54 episodes
2000 God, the Devil and Bob Donna Allman Voice role
13 episodes
2002 Two Families Unsold pilot
2003 Phil at the Gate Teddy Duffy Unsold pilot
2003 Charlie Lawrence Sarah Dolecek 7 episodes
2004 Malcolm in the Middle Susan Episode: "Lois's Sister"
2004 Frasier Nanny G Episode: "Caught in the Act"
2004 Absolutely Fabulous Crystalline Episode: "White Box"
2005 Without a Trace Susan Hopkins Episode: "A Day in the Life"
2006 Monk Cora Episode: "Mr. Monk Bumps His Head"
2006 Grey's Anatomy Beatrice Carver Episode: "The Name of the Game"
2006 Desperate Housewives Carolyn Bigsby 4 episodes
2006 My Boys Aunt Phyllis Episode: "When Heroes Fall from Grace"
2007 Virgin of Akron, Ohio, TheThe Virgin of Akron, Ohio Lydia Pilot episode
2007 Raines Alice Brody Episode: "Reconstructing Alice"
2007–present Big Bang Theory, TheThe Big Bang Theory Mary Cooper Recurring role; 12 episodes
2008–09 Easy Money Bobette Buffkin 8 episodes
2009 Farm, TheThe Farm Warden Margaret Elder Unsold pilot
2013 Goodwin Games, TheThe Goodwin Games Dr. Richland[61] 2 episodes
2013–15 Getting On Dr. Jenna James Series regular; 18 episodes
2014 Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories Gabrielle Episode: "Baby"
2014–15 The McCarthys Marjorie McCarthy Series regular; 15 episodes
2016 Horace and Pete Sarah Episode #1.3
2017 Portlandia Jill Episode: "Friend Replacement"
2017 Playing House Dr. Leslie Rollins Episode: "You Wanna Roll with This"
Theatre credits[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Venue
1984–85 Balm in Gilead Darlene Circle Repertory Theatre
1986–87 Bodies, Rest and Motion Beth Mitzi E. Newhouse Theatre
1987 Educating Rita Rita Westside Theatre
1995 My Thing of Love Elly Martin Beck Theatre
2008 November Clarice Bernstein Ethel Barrymore Theatre
2009 Brighton Beach Memoirs Kate Jerome Nederlander Theatre
2010 A Lie of the Mind Meg Acorn Theatre
2011 The Other Place Juliana Lucille Lortel Theatre
2013 Samuel J. Friedman Theatre
2013–14 Domesticated Judy Mitzi E. Newhouse Theatre
2015–16 Misery Annie Wilkes Broadhurst Theatre
2017 A Doll's House, Part 2 Nora Helmer John Golden Theatre
2018 Three Tall Women B John Golden Theatre
Awards and nominations[edit]
Sources: Emmy Awards;[62] Golden Globe Awards;[63] Tony Awards[64]
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result
1992 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Roseanne Won
1993 Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Won
1994 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Won
1995 Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated
1999 Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series 3rd Rock from the Sun Nominated
2006 Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Monk Nominated
Satellite Awards Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Desperate Housewives Nominated
2007 Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series Nominated
2008 Tony Awards Best Featured Actress in a Play November Nominated
Ovation Awards Lead Actress in a Play The Quality Of Life Won
2009 Lead Actress in a Play[65] Voice Lessons Nominated
2011 Lead Actress in a Play[66] Won
2013 Tony Awards Best Actress in a Play The Other Place Nominated
2016 Best Actress in a Play Misery Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Getting On Nominated
Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series The Big Bang Theory Nominated
Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series Horace and Pete Nominated
2017 Tony Award Best Actress in a Play A Doll's House, Part 2 Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Actress in a Play Nominated
Drama League Award Distinguished Performance Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding Actress in a Play Nominated
Boston Society of Film Critics Best Supporting Actress Lady Bird Won
Chicago Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actress Won
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actress Won
National Board of Review Best Supporting Actress Won
Online Film Critics Society Best Supporting Actress Won
San Diego Film Critics Society Best Supporting Actress Won
San Francisco Film Critics Circle Best Supporting Actress Won
Toronto Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actress Won
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actress Won
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actress Runner-up
Critics' Choice Movie Awards Best Supporting Actress Pending
Best Acting Ensemble Pending
Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actress Pending
Independent Spirit Awards Best Supporting Female Pending
Satellite Awards Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Pending
Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Pending
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Pending
Detroit Film Critics Society Best Supporting Actress Nominated
Florida Film Critics Circle Best Supporting Actress Nominated
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laurie Metcalf.
Laurie Metcalf on IMDb
Laurie Metcalf at the Internet Broadway Database
Laurie Metcalf at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
[show]
Awards for Laurie Metcalf
[show]
v
t
e
Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress
1980-2000
Mary Steenburgen (1980)
Mona Washbourne (1981)
Jessica Lange (1982)
Linda Hunt (1983)
Peggy Ashcroft (1984)
Anjelica Huston (1985)
Dianne Wiest (1986)
Kathy Baker (1987)
Joan Cusack (1988)
Brenda Fricker (1989)
Jennifer Jason Leigh (1990)
Mercedes Ruehl (1991)
Judy Davis (1992)
Rosie Perez (1993)
Kirsten Dunst (1994)
Joan Allen (1995)
Courtney Love (1996)
Sarah Polley (1997)
Joan Allen (1998)
Chloë Sevigny (1999)
Frances McDormand (2000)
2001-present
Cameron Diaz (2001)
Toni Collette (2002)
Patricia Clarkson (2003)
Laura Dern/Sharon Warren (2004)
Catherine Keener (2005)
Shareeka Epps (2006)
Amy Ryan (2007)
Penélope Cruz (2008)
Mo'Nique (2009)
Juliette Lewis (2010)
Melissa McCarthy (2011)
Sally Field (2012)
June Squibb (2013)
Emma Stone (2014)
Kristen Stewart (2015)
Lily Gladstone (2016)
Laurie Metcalf (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress
Vanessa Redgrave (1977)
Maureen Stapleton / Mona Washbourne (1978)
Meryl Streep (1979)
Mary Steenburgen (1980)
Maureen Stapleton (1981)
Glenn Close (1982)
Linda Hunt (1983)
Peggy Ashcroft (1984)
Anjelica Huston (1985)
Cathy Tyson / Dianne Wiest (1986)
Olympia Dukakis (1987)
Geneviève Bujold (1988)
Brenda Fricker (1989)
Lorraine Bracco (1990)
Jane Horrocks (1991)
Judy Davis (1992)
Anna Paquin / Rosie Perez (1993)
Dianne Wiest (1994)
Joan Allen (1995)
Barbara Hershey (1996)
Julianne Moore (1997)
Joan Allen (1998)
Chloë Sevigny (1999)
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Jennifer Jason Leigh (2015)
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Vivian Vance (1953)
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Viola Davis (2010)
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Nina Arianda (2012)
Cicely Tyson (2013)
Audra McDonald (2014)
Helen Mirren (2015)
Jessica Lange (2016)
Laurie Metcalf (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 51900461
LCCN: no96057272
ISNI: 0000 0000 7840 7186
GND: 1067414312
SUDOC: 16020383X
BNF: cb14206394h (data)
IATH: w62g1sdj
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurie_Metcalf&oldid=817809619"
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Second messenger system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers. Second messengers trigger physiological changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and apoptosis. They are one of the triggers of intracellular signal transduction cascades.
Examples of second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium. First messengers are extracellular factors, often hormones or neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, growth hormone, and serotonin. Because peptide hormones and neurotransmitters typically are biochemically hydrophilic molecules, these first messengers may not physically cross the phospholipid bilayer to initiate changes within the cell directly—unlike steroid hormones, which usually do. This functional limitation necessitates the cell to devise signal transduction mechanisms to transduce first messenger into second messengers, so that the extracellular signal may be propagated intracellularly. An important feature of the second messenger signaling system is that second messengers may be coupled downstream to multi-cyclic kinase cascades to greatly amplify the strength of the original first messenger signal.[1][2] For example, RasGTP signals link with the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade to amplify the allosteric activation of proliferative transcription factors such as Myc and CREB.
Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr., discovered second messengers, for which he won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Sutherland saw that epinephrine would stimulate the liver to convert glycogen to glucose (sugar) in liver cells, but epinephrine alone would not convert glycogen to glucose. He found that epinephrine had to trigger a second messenger, cyclic AMP, for the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.[3] The mechanisms were worked out in detail[4][5] by Martin Rodbell and Alfred G. Gilman, who won the 1994 Nobel Prize.
Secondary messenger systems can be synthesized and activated by enzymes, for example, the cyclases that synthesize cyclic nucleotides, or by opening of ion channels to allow influx of metal ions, for example Ca2+ signaling. These small molecules bind and activate protein kinases, ion channels, and other proteins, thus continuing the signaling cascade.
Contents
1 Types of second messenger molecules
2 Common mechanisms of second messenger systems
3 Examples
4 References
5 External links
Types of second messenger molecules[edit]
There are three basic types of secondary messenger molecules:
Hydrophobic molecules: water-insoluble molecules such as diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositols, which are membrane-associated and diffuse from the plasma membrane into the intermembrane space where they can reach and regulate membrane-associated effector proteins
Hydrophilic molecules: water-soluble molecules, such as cAMP, cGMP, IP3, and Ca2+, that are located within the cytosol
Gases: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which can diffuse both through cytosol and across cellular membranes.
These intracellular messengers have some properties in common:
They can be synthesized/released and broken down again in specific reactions by enzymes or ion channels.
Some (such as Ca2+) can be stored in special organelles and quickly released when needed.
Their production/release and destruction can be localized, enabling the cell to limit space and time of signal activity.
Common mechanisms of second messenger systems[edit]
General Schematic of Second Messenger Mechanism
There are several different secondary messenger systems (cAMP system, phosphoinositol system, and arachidonic acid system), but they all are quite similar in overall mechanism, although the substances involved and overall effects can vary.
In most cases, a ligand binds to a membrane-spanning receptor protein molecule. The binding of a ligand to the receptor causes a conformation change in the receptor. This conformation change can affect the activity of the receptor and result in the production of active second messengers.
In the case of G protein-coupled receptors, the conformation change exposes a binding site for a G-protein. The G-protein (named for the GDP and GTP molecules that bind to it) is bound to the inner membrane of the cell and consists of three subunits: alpha, beta and gamma. The G-protein is known as the "transducer."
When the G-protein binds with the receptor, it becomes able to exchange a GDP (guanosine diphosphate) molecule on its alpha subunit for a GTP (guanosine triphosphate) molecule. Once this exchange takes place, the alpha subunit of the G-protein transducer breaks free from the beta and gamma subunits, all parts remaining membrane-bound. The alpha subunit, now free to move along the inner membrane, eventually contacts another membrane-bound protein - the "primary effector."
The primary effector then has an action, which creates a signal that can diffuse within the cell. This signal is called the "second (or secondary) messenger." The secondary messenger may then activate a "secondary effector" whose effects depend on the particular secondary messenger system.
Calcium ions are one type of second messengers and are responsible for many important physiological functions including muscle contraction, fertilization and neurotransmitter release. The ions are normally bound or stored in intracellular components (such as the endoplasmic reticulum) and can be released during signal transduction. The enzyme phospholipase C produces diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate, which increases calcium ion permeability into the membrane. Active G-protein open up calcium channels to let calcium ions enter the plasma membrane. The other product of phospholipase C, diacylglycerol, activates protein kinase C, which assists in the activation of cAMP (another second messenger).
Examples[edit]
cAMP System Phosphoinositol system Arachidonic acid system cGMP System Tyrosine kinase system
First Messenger:
Neurotransmitters
(Receptor) Epinephrine (α2, β1, β2)
Acetylcholine (M2) Epinephrine (α1)
Acetylcholine (M1, M3) Histamine (Histamine receptor) - -
First Messenger:
Hormones ACTH, ANP, CRH, CT, FSH, Glucagon, hCG, LH, MSH, PTH, TSH AGT, GnRH, GHRH, Oxytocin, TRH - ANP, Nitric oxide INS, IGF, PDGF
Signal Transducer GPCR/Gs (β1, β2), Gi (α2, M2) GPCR/Gq Unknown G-protein - RTK
Primary effector Adenylyl cyclase Phospholipase C Phospholipase A guanylate cyclase RasGEF (Grb2-Sos)
Second messenger cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) IP3; DAG; Ca2+ Arachidonic acid cGMP Ras.GTP (Small G Protein)
Secondary effector protein kinase A PKC; CaM 5-Lipoxygenase, 12-Lipoxygenase, cycloxygenase protein kinase G MAP3K (c-Raf)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kimball, J. "Second messengers".
Jump up ^ Second+Messenger+Systems at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Jump up ^ Reece, Jane; Campbell, Neil (2002). Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-6624-5.
Jump up ^ The Discovery of G Proteins
Jump up ^ Signal Transduction in Cells, Nobelprize.org
External links[edit]
Kimball, J. "Second messengers". Retrieved February 10, 2006.
Animation: Second Messenger: cAMP
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Receptor protein

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G protein-coupled receptors

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Atrial-natriuretic peptide

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Inositol triphosphate

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Protein kinase G

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Autocrine signalling

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Paracrine signalling

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Synaptic transmission

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