text:
List of most streamed songs on Spotify
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Having been streamed over 1.6 billion times, "Shape of You" by Ed Sheeran (pictured) is the most streamed song on Spotify.
This list of most-streamed songs on Spotify contains the top 100 songs with the most streams of all time, as derived from Spotify charts. As of January 2018, eight songs have exceeded 1 billion streams, with Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" ranked in the top position.[1]
Prior to February 2014, Spotify's most streamed song was "Radioactive" by Imagine Dragons;[2] it was overtaken by Avicii's "Wake Me Up", which became the first song to hit 200 million streams on February 27, 2014.[3] "Wake Me Up" held the streaming record for over a year before being surpassed on May 22, 2015 by Sheeran's "Thinking Out Loud",[4] which became the first song to hit 500 million streams on October 12, 2015.[5] A month later, however, it was surpassed by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's "Lean On", featuring MØ,[6] which held the streaming record for 11 months until Drake's "One Dance", featuring Wizkid and Kyla, overtook it on October 15, 2016.[7] "Shape of You" surpassed "One Dance" on September 21, 2017.[1]
As of February 2018, the artists with the most singles in the top 100 are Justin Bieber, with a total of 8 singles (3 solo and 5 featured), and Drake, The Chainsmokers and The Weeknd each with 5 singles.
The fastest song to reach a billion streams on Spotify is "Shape of You", doing so in 153 days.[8]
Ed Sheeran is also the only act to date to have two singles become the most streamed on the platform, with "Thinking Out Loud" and "Shape of You".￼
Top songs[edit]
100 Most Streamed Songs[edit]
The following table lists the top 100 most streamed songs on Spotify, with streams rounded to millions, as well as the artist(s), the album it is currently published to Spotify on, and the date it was originally published to Spotify.
Rank
Song name
Artist(s)
Album
Streams (Millions)
Publication date
1. "Shape of You"[9] Ed Sheeran ÷ [10] 1,637 January 6, 2017
2. "One Dance"[11] Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla Views [12] 1,417 April 5, 2016
3. "Closer"[13] The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey Collage EP [14] 1,226 July 29, 2016
4. "Lean On"[15] Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ Peace Is the Mission [16] 1,088 March 2, 2015
5. "Thinking Out Loud"[17] Ed Sheeran ×[18] 1,044 June 21, 2014
6. "Sorry"[19] Justin Bieber Purpose [20] 1,032 October 23, 2015
7. "Despacito (Remix)" Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber Non-album single 1,018 April 17, 2017
8. "Love Yourself" Justin Bieber Purpose 1,014 November 9. 2015
9. "Don't Let Me Down"[21] The Chainsmokers featuring Daya Collage EP [14] 986 February 5, 2016
10. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza (Seeb Remix)"[22] Mike Posner At Night, Alone. [23] 971 July 24, 2015
11. "Starboy"[24] The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk Starboy [24] 920 September 22, 2016
12. "Let Me Love You"[25] DJ Snake featuring Justin Bieber Encore [26] 907 August 5, 2016
13. "What Do You Mean?"[27] Justin Bieber Purpose [20] 898 August 28, 2015
14. "Cold Water"[28] Major Lazer featuring Justin Bieber and MØ Non album single 882 July 21, 2016
15. "Cheap Thrills"[29] Sia This Is Acting [30] 849 December 17, 2015
16. "Photograph"[31] Ed Sheeran × [18] 842 June 21, 2014
17. "Stressed Out"[32] Twenty One Pilots Blurryface [33] 822 November 10, 2015
18. "Uptown Funk"[34] Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars Uptown Special [35] 820 November 10, 2014
19. "Cheerleader (Felix Jaehn Remix)"[36] OMI Me 4 U [37] 819 December 2, 2014
20. "7 Years"[38] Lukas Graham Lukas Graham [39] 810 September 18, 2015
21. "rockstar" Post Malone featuring 21 Savage Non-album single 807 September 15, 2017
22. "Despacito"[40] Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee Non-album single 791 January 13, 2017
23. "Stitches"[41] Shawn Mendes Handwritten [42] 791 May 5, 2015
24. "Faded"[43] Alan Walker Non-album single 787 December 3, 2015
25. "This Is What You Came For"[44] Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna Non-album single 786 April 29, 2016
26. "Hello"[45] Adele 25 [46] 784 October 23, 2015
27. "Can't Feel My Face"[47] The Weeknd Beauty Behind the Madness [48] 781 June 8, 2015
28. "Work from Home"[49] Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla $ign 7/27 [50] 778 February 26, 2016
29. "Say You Won't Let Go"[51] James Arthur Back from the Edge [52] 777 September 9, 2016
30. "Take Me to Church"[53] Hozier Hozier [54] 770 November 29, 2013
31. "Something Just Like This" The Chainsmokers and Coldplay Memories...Do Not Open [55] 764 February 22, 2017
32. "Work"[56] Rihanna featuring Drake ANTI [57] 764 January 27, 2016
33. "Can't Stop the Feeling!"[58] Justin Timberlake TROLLS: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [59] 761 May 6, 2016
34. "Treat You Better"[60] Shawn Mendes Illuminate[61] 740 June 3, 2016
35. "HUMBLE."[62] Kendrick Lamar DAMN.[63] 738 March 30, 2017
36. "Stay with Me"[64] Sam Smith In the Lonely Hour [65] 737 April 14, 2014
37. "See You Again"[66] Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [67] 734 March 10, 2015
38. "Light It Up (Remix)"[68] Major Lazer featuring Nyla and Fuse ODG Peace Is the Mission (Extended) [69] 724 November 5, 2015
39. "Unforgettable" French Montana featuring Swae Lee Jungle Rules 721 April 7, 2017
40. "Heathens"[70] Twenty One Pilots Suicide Squad: The Album [71] 711 June 16, 2016
41. "Let Her Go"[72] Passenger All the Little Lights [73] 703 July 24, 2012
42. "Hotline Bling"[74] Drake Views [12] 703 July 31, 2015
43. "All of Me"[75] John Legend Love in the Future [76] 701 August 12, 2013
44. "Where Are Ü Now"[77] Jack Ü with Justin Bieber Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü [78] 697 February 27, 2015
45. "Havana" Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug Camila 697 August 3, 2017
46. "Rockabye"[79] Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul and Anne-Marie Non-album single 695 October 21, 2016
47. "Panda"[80] Desiigner New English [81] 694 February 22, 2016
48. "I'm the One" DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper and Lil Wayne Grateful 691 April 28, 2017
49. "Radioactive"[82] Imagine Dragons Night Visions [83] 684 September 4, 2012
50. "Me, Myself & I"[84] G-Eazy and Bebe Rexha When It's Dark Out [85] 682 October 14, 2015
51. "New Rules" Dua Lipa Dua Lipa 682 June 2, 2017
52. "XO TOUR Llif3"[86] Lil Uzi Vert Luv Is Rage 2 [87] 679 February 26, 2017
53. "Chandelier"[88] Sia 1000 Forms of Fear [89] 679 March 17, 2014
54. "The Hills"[90] The Weeknd Beauty Behind the Madness [48] 676 May 27, 2015
55. "Sugar"[91] Maroon 5 V [92] 674 August 29, 2014
56. "It Ain't Me" Kygo and Selena Gomez Stargazing 667 February 17, 2017
57. "We Don't Talk Anymore" Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez Nine Track Mind 665 May 24, 2016
58. "Lush Life" Zara Larsson So Good 663 June 5, 2015
59. "I Don't Wanna Live Forever" ZAYN and Taylor Swift Fifty Shades Darker: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 662 December 9, 2016
60. "That's What I Like" Bruno Mars 24K Magic 658 November 18, 2016
61. "Cake by the Ocean" DNCE DNCE 655 September 18, 2015
62. "Love Me Like You Do" Ellie Goulding Fifty Shades of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 651 January 7, 2015
63. "Ride" Twenty One Pilots Blurryface [33] 648 April 12, 2016
64. "In the Name of Love" Martin Garrix and Bebe Rexha Non-album single 648 July 26, 2016
65. "Perfect" Ed Sheeran ÷ [10] 643 March 3, 2017
66. "Congratulations"[93] Post Malone featuring Quavo Stoney [94] 643 January 31, 2017
67. "Counting Stars" OneRepublic Native 638 June 14, 2013
68. "Too Good" Drake featuring Rihanna Views [12] 636 July 26, 2016
69. "i hate u, i love u" gnash featuring Olivia O'Brien us 627 February 17, 2016
70. "Attention" Charlie Puth Non-album single 623 April 21, 2017
71. "Can't Hold Us" Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Ray Dalton The Heist 622 August 16, 2011
72. "Side to Side" Ariana Grande featuring Nicki Minaj Dangerous Woman 620 May 20, 2016
73. "Thunder" Imagine Dragons Evolve 616 April 27, 2017
74. "Fast Car" Jonas Blue featuring Dakota Non-album single 611 December 4, 2015
75. "Rather Be" Clean Bandit featuring Jess Glynne New Eyes 607 January 17, 2014
76. "Roses" The Chainsmokers featuring Rozes Bouquet 607 June 16, 2015
77. "Demons" Imagine Dragons Night Visions [83] 606 September 4, 2012
78. "PILLOWTALK" ZAYN Mind of Mine 606 January 29, 2016
79. "Mi Gente" J Balvin and Willy William Non-album single 601 June 30, 2017
80. "Sugar" Robin Schulz featuring Francesco Yates Sugar 600 July 17, 2015
81. "I Feel It Coming" The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk Starboy [95] 596 November 25, 2016
82. "Starving" Hailee Steinfield and Grey featuring Zedd Haiz 592 July 19, 2016
83. "Trap Queen" Fetty Wap Fetty Wap 586 April 24, 2014
84. "Stay" Zedd and Alessia Cara Non-album single 577 February 23, 2017
85. "Believer" Imagine Dragons Evolve [96] 575 February 1, 2017
86. "Wake Me Up"[97] Avicii True 573 June 17, 2013
87. "Me Rehúso" Danny Ocean Non-album single 571 September 16, 2016
88. "Paris" The Chainsmokers Memories...Do Not Open [55] 569 January 13, 2017
89. "Riptide" Vance Joy Dream Your Life Away 569 May 21, 2013
90. "Needed Me" Rihanna ANTI [57] 567 January 28, 2016
91. "Firestone" Kygo featuring Conrad Sewell Cloud Nine 567 December 1, 2014
92. "Mask Off" Future Future 565 February 17, 2017
93. "24K Magic" Bruno Mars 24K Magic 564 October 7, 2016
94. "Middle" DJ Snake featuring Bipolar Sunshine Encore [26] 560 October 16, 2015
95. "Happy" Pharrell Williams GIRL 560 November 21, 2013
96. "Want to Want Me" Jason Derulo Everything Is 4 556 March 9, 2015
97. "Earned It" The Weeknd Beauty Behind the Madness [48] 554 January 13, 2015
98. "Swalla" Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj and Ty Dolla $ign Non-album single 553 February 23, 2017
99. "Fake Love" Drake More Life 545 October 29, 2016
100. "How Deep Is Your Love" Calvin Harris and Disciples Non-album single 544 July 15, 2015
As of February 24, 2018

Artists With The Most Songs In The Spotify Global 100[edit]
This is a list of the Artists with the most songs in the Spotify Global 100. It includes an artist's solo and featured songs.
For a comprehensive spreadsheet, please click here.
Rank
Artist
Total Songs
Solo Top 10
Feat. Top 10
Solo Top 100
Feat. Top 100
1Bil+ Songs
1 Justin Bieber 8 2 1 3 5 3
2 Drake 5 1 4 1 1
The Chainsmokers 5 2 5 1
The Weeknd 5 5
5 Ed Sheeran 4 2 4 2
Imagine Dragons 4 4
Rihanna 4 2 2
8 DJ Snake 3 1 3 1
Major Lazer 3 1 3 1
Bruno Mars 3 2 1
In the United States[edit]
The table below lists the top 10 most streamed songs on Spotify in the United States, as well as the artist(s), the album it is currently published to Spotify on, and the date it was originally published to Spotify.
Streams are rounded up to closest million.
Rank
Song name
Artist(s)
Album
Streams (millions)
Publication date
Notes
1. "One Dance"[11] Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla Views [12] 428 April 5, 2016
2. "Closer"[13] The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey Collage EP [14] 377 July 29, 2016
3. "HUMBLE."[62] Kendrick Lamar DAMN. [63] 368 March 30, 2017
4. "XO TOUR Llif3"[86] Lil Uzi Vert Luv Is Rage 2 [87] 347 March 24, 2017
5. "Congratulations"[93] Post Malone featuring Quavo Stoney [94] 315 November 4, 2016
6. "Shape of You"[9] Ed Sheeran ÷ [10] 299 January 6, 2017
7. "Starboy"[24] The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk Starboy [95] 297 September 22, 2016
8. "Broccoli"[98] DRAM featuring Lil Yachty Big Baby D.R.A.M. [99] 286 April 6, 2016
9. "rockstar"[100] Post Malone featuring 21 Savage Beerbongs & Bentleys[101] 281 September 15, 2017 [A]
10. "No Role Modelz"[102] J. Cole 2014 Forest Hills Drive [103] 267 August 4, 2015 [B]
As of February 8, 2018
Historical most streamed Spotify songs[edit]
The following table lists the last 6 songs to become Spotify's most streamed song, from 2013 to the present.
Current Record
Song name
Publisher*
Streams**
Publication date
Date achieved
Days held
Ref(s)
Notes
"Shape of You"[9] Ed Sheeran 1.318.000.000 January 6, 2017 September 21, 2017 161 [4]
"One Dance"[11] Drake 882.000.000 May 6, 2016 October 15, 2016 340 [7]
"Lean On"[15] Major Lazer 526.000.000 June 1, 2015 November 11, 2015 339 [6]
"Thinking Out Loud"[17] Ed Sheeran 355.000.000 June 21, 2014 May 22, 2015 173 [4]
"Wake Me Up"[97] Avicii 178.000.000 July 30, 2013 January 2014 480+ [2][3] [C]
"Radioactive"[82] Imagine Dragons – January 1, 2012 2013 – [2] [D]
As of March 1, 2018
*The artist or group whose Spotify page the song was published on.
**The approximate number of streams each song had when it became Spotify's most streamed song.
Longest Running Global #1 Songs on Spotify[edit]
Post Malone has the longest-running global #1 song on Spotify with 17 weeks in the top position. He beat Drake "One Dance" 14 week record, overtaken later by Ed Sheeran with Shape of You and Luis Fonsi with Despacito (Justin Bieber remix)
Current Record
Song Name
Artist
Weeks At #1
Publication Date
Date Achieved
Ref(s)
Notes
"rockstar" Post Malone 17 September 21, 2017 December 28, 2017 [104]
"One Dance" Drake 14 April 14, 2016 July 7, 2016;
Spotify Global #1 Hits[edit]
The following table lists the songs that reached the #1 position on Spotify's Global Most Played Chart (Weekly). The table only records #1 songs from late December, 2016, as the data from before that currently doesn't exist.
"God's Plan" by Drake is the current (February 15, 2018) #1 song on the Spotify Global Top 200.
Song Name
Artist
Weeks
At #1
Date Achieved
Ref(s)
Notes
"God's Plan" Drake 5 January 25, 2018
"Havana" Camila Cabello (feat. Young Thug) 1 January 18, 2018 [105]
"rockstar" Post Malone (feat. 21 Savage) 17 September 21, 2017 [106]
"Too Good At Goodbyes" Sam Smith 1 September 14, 2017 [107]
"Look What You Made Me Do" Taylor Swift 2 August 31, 2017 [108]
"Mi Gente" J Balvin (& Willy Williams) 4 August 3, 2017 [109]
"Despacito - Remix" Luis Fonsi (& Daddy Yankee
feat. Justin Bieber)
14 April 27, 2017 [110]
"HUMBLE." Kendrick Lamar 1 April 20, 2017 [111]
"Shape of You" Ed Sheeran 14 January 12, 2017 [112]
"Starboy" The Weeknd (feat. Daft Punk) 6 December 1, 2016 [113]
As of January 23, 2018
See also[edit]
List of most streamed artists on Spotify
List of most-viewed YouTube videos
List of most-viewed Vevo videos
List of most-disliked YouTube videos
List of most-liked YouTube videos
List of most-subscribed YouTube channels
List of most-followed Twitter accounts
List of most viewed online videos in the first 24 hours
List of most viewed online trailers in the first 24 hours
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "rockstar" is the newest song in the top ten.
Jump up ^ "No Role Modelz" is the oldest song in the top ten.
Jump up ^ The exact date and number of streams that "Wake Me Up" had when it surpassed "Radioactive" is unknown. Best estimates were made based on its 3.8 million weekly streams and the 17 million stream difference between the two songs when it reached 200 million streams.[2]
Jump up ^ The exact date and number of streams that "Radioactive" had when it became Spotify's most streamed song is unknown.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Ed Sheeran's Shape of You is now Spotify's most-streamed song of all time". Music Business Worldwide. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Avicii and 'Wake Me Up!' become most-streamed song in Spotify history". Music Times. February 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Book, Ryan (February 27, 2014). "Avicii's 'Wake Me Up' is Spotify's Most-Played Song Ever". Billboard. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Thinking Out Loud by Ed Sheeran has just surpassed Wake Me Up by Avicii as the most played song ever on Spotify". Reddit. May 22, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Weiner, Natalie (October 12, 2015). "Ed Sheeran's 'Thinking Out Loud' Becomes First Song to Hit 500 Million Spotify Streams". Billboard. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Rishty, David (November 11, 2015). "Major Lazer & DJ Snake's 'Lean On' Becomes Spotify's Most-Streamed Song of All Time". Billboard. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Stutz, Colin (October 18, 2016). "Drake's 'One Dance' is Spotify's Most-Streamed Song Ever". Billboard. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (June 8, 2017). "Ed Sheeran's 'Shape of You': One Billion Spotify Plays". Billboard. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Shape of You". Spotify. January 6, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "÷ (Deluxe)". Spotify. March 3, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "One Dance". Spotify. May 6, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Views". Spotify. May 6, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Closer". Spotify. July 29, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Collage EP". Spotify. November 4, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lean On (feat. MØ & DJ Snake)". Spotify. June 1, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Peace Is The Mission". Spotify. June 1, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thinking Out Loud". Spotify. June 21, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "x (Deluxe Edition)". Spotify. June 21, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sorry". Spotify. November 13, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Purpose (Deluxe)". Spotify. November 13, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Don't Let Me Down". Spotify. February 5, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "I Took A Pill In Ibiza - Seeb Remix". Spotify. May 6, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "At Night, Alone". Spotify. May 6, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Starboy". Spotify. November 25, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Let Me Love You". Spotify. August 5, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Encore". Spotify. August 5, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "What Do You Mean?". Spotify. November 13, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cold Water". Spotify. July 22, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cheap Thrills". Spotify. December 17, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "This Is Acting". Spotify. January 29, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Photograph". Spotify. June 22, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stressed Out". Spotify. April 28, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Blurryface". Spotify. May 15, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Uptown Funk". Spotify. January 12, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Uptown Special". Spotify. January 12, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cheerleader - Felix Jaehn Remix Radio Edit". Spotify. December 2, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Me 4 U". Spotify. October 16, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "7 Years". Spotify. April 1, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lukas Graham". Spotify. April 1, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Despacito". Spotify. January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stitches". Spotify. April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Handwritten". Spotify. April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Faded". Spotify. December 4, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "This Is What You Came For". Spotify. April 29, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hello". Spotify. October 23, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "25". Spotify. November 20, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Can't Feel My Face". Spotify. August 28, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Beauty Behind The Madness". Spotify. August 28, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Work from Home". Spotify. May 27, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "7/27 (Deluxe)". Spotify. May 27, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Say You Won't Let Go - From "Back from the Edge"". Spotify. October 28, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Back from the Edge". Spotify. October 28, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Take Me to Church". Spotify. November 29, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hozier". Spotify. October 7, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Memories...Do Not Open". Spotify. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Work". Spotify. January 29, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "ANTI". Spotify. January 29, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CAN'T STOP THE FEELING! (Original Song from DreamWorks Animation's "TROLLS")". Spotify. May 6, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TROLLS: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Spotify. September 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Treat You Better". Spotify. September 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Illuminate". Spotify. September 23, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "HUMBLE". Spotify. March 30, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "DAMN". Spotify. March 30, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stay with Me". Spotify. January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "In The Lonely Hour". Spotify. January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "See You Again (feat. Charlie Puth)". Spotify. March 10, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack". Spotify. March 17, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Light It Up (feat. Nyla & Fuse ODG [Remix])". Spotify. November 27, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Peace Is The Mission (Extended)". Spotify. November 27, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Heathens". Spotify. June 16, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Suicide Squad: The Album". Spotify. August 5, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Let Her Go". Spotify. July 24, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All the Little Lights". Spotify. August 28, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hotline Bling". Spotify. July 31, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All of Me". Spotify. August 8, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Love In The Future". Spotify. August 30, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Where Are Ü Now (with Justin Bieber)". Spotify. February 24, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Skrillex and Diplo present Jack Ü". Spotify. February 24, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rockabye - From "Rockabye"". Spotify. October 21, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Panda". Spotify. February 26, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New English". Spotify. June 26, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Radioactive". Spotify. January 1, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Night Visions". Spotify. January 1, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Me, Myself & I". Spotify. October 14, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "When It's Dark Out". Spotify. December 4, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "XO TOUR Llif3". Spotify. March 24, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Luv Is Rage 2". Spotify. March 24, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chandelier". Spotify. March 17, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "1000 Forms Of Fear". Spotify. July 14, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Hills". Spotify. August 28, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sugar". Spotify. May 15, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "V". Spotify. May 15, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Congratulations". Spotify. November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Stoney (Deluxe)". Spotify. November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Cite error: The named reference Starboy album was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference Evolve was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jump up to: a b "Wake Me Up". Spotify. July 30, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Broccoli (feat. Lil Yachty)". Spotify. April 6, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Baby D.R.A.M." Spotify. April 6, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference rockstar was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference Beerbongs & Bentleys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference No Role Modelz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference 2014 Forest Hills Drive was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ "Post Malone's "rockstar" Breaks Spotify's Record For Longest Run At No. 1". Genius. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Charts". spotifycharts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_most_streamed_songs_on_Spotify&oldid=828292041"
Categories:
21st century-related lists
Lists of Internet-related superlatives
Music-related lists
Hidden categories:
Pages with reference errors
Pages with broken reference names
Use mdy dates from June 2017
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 March 2018, at 18:27.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class

attrs: class style

value: b

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/%C3%97_(Ed_Sheeran_album)
mw-redirect
× (Ed Sheeran album)

values: Don't Let Me Down (The Chainsmokers song)

values:
/wiki/At_Night,_Alone.
mw-redirect
At Night, Alone.

values:
/wiki/Lukas_Graham_(Blue_Album)
mw-redirect
Lukas Graham (Blue Album)

values:
/wiki/Alan_Walker_(producer)
mw-redirect
Alan Walker (producer)

values:
/wiki/Ty_Dolla_%24ign
mw-redirect
Ty Dolla $ign

values:
/wiki/Something_Just_Like_This
mw-redirect
Something Just Like This

values:
/wiki/Drake_(entertainer)
mw-redirect
Drake (entertainer)

values: Me, Myself & I (G-Eazy and Bebe Rexha song)

values:
/wiki/XO_TOUR_Llif3
mw-redirect
XO TOUR Llif3

values: We Don't Talk Anymore (Charlie Puth song)

values: In the Name of Love (Martin Garrix and Bebe Rexha song)

values: Mi Gente (J Balvin and Willy William song)

values:
/wiki/Grey_(musical_duo)
mw-redirect
Grey (musical duo)

values: How Deep Is Your Love (Calvin Harris and Disciples song)

values: Edit section: Artists With The Most Songs In The Spotify Global 100

values:
/wiki/Big_Baby_D.R.A.M.
mw-redirect
Big Baby D.R.A.M.

values: Edit section: Historical most streamed Spotify songs

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #d0f0c0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

values: Edit section: Longest Running Global #1 Songs on Spotify

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: upper-alpha;

values: Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Lists of Internet-related superlatives

values: Category:Pages with broken reference names

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Spotify'da en çok dinlenen şarkılar listesi – Turkish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_most_streamed_songs_on_Spotify rootpage-List_of_most_streamed_songs_on_Spotify skin-vector action-view


text:
DSM-5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by KolbertBot (talk | contribs) at 06:43, 26 August 2017 (Bot: HTTP→HTTPS). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 06:43, 26 August 2017 by KolbertBot (talk | contribs) (Bot: HTTP→HTTPS)
(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search
For further information, see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
(DSM-5)
Author
American Psychiatric Association
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Subject
Classification and diagnosis of mental disorders
Published
May 18, 2013
Media type
Print (hardcover, softcover); e-book
Pages
947
ISBN
978-0-89042-554-1
OCLC
830807378
Dewey Decimal
616.89'075
LC Class
RC455.2.C4
Preceded by
DSM-IV-TR
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the 2013 update to the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) classification and diagnostic tool. In the United States the DSM serves as a universal authority for psychiatric diagnoses. Treatment recommendations, as well as payment by health care providers, are often determined by DSM classifications, so the appearance of a new version has significant practical importance.
The DSM-5 was published on May 18, 2013, superseding the DSM-IV-TR, which was published in 2000. The development of the new edition began with a conference in 1999, and proceeded with the formation of a Task Force in 2007, which developed and field-tested a variety of new classifications. In most respects DSM-5 is not greatly changed from DSM-IV-TR. Notable changes include dropping Asperger syndrome as a distinct classification; loss of subtype classifications for variant forms of schizophrenia; dropping the "bereavement exclusion" for depressive disorders; a revised treatment and naming of gender identity disorder to gender dysphoria, and removing the A2 criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because its requirement for specific emotional reactions to trauma did not apply to combat veterans and first responders with PTSD. In addition, the DSM-5 is the first "living document" version of a DSM.[1]
Various authorities criticized the fifth edition both before and after it was formally published. Critics assert, for example, that many DSM-5 revisions or additions lack empirical support; inter-rater reliability is low for many disorders; several sections contain poorly written, confusing, or contradictory information; and the psychiatric drug industry unduly influenced the manual's content. Many of the members of work groups for the DSM-5 had conflicting interests, including ties to pharmaceutical companies.[2] Various scientists have argued that the DSM-5 forces clinicians to make distinctions that are not supported by solid evidence, distinctions that have major treatment implications, including drug prescriptions and the availability of health insurance coverage. General criticism of the DSM-5 ultimately resulted in a petition, signed by many mental health organizations, which called for outside review of DSM-5.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Changes
1.1 Section I
1.2 Section II: diagnostic criteria and codes
1.2.1 Neurodevelopmental disorders
1.2.2 Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
1.2.3 Bipolar and related disorders
1.2.4 Depressive disorders
1.2.5 Anxiety disorders
1.2.6 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
1.2.7 Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
1.2.8 Dissociative disorders
1.2.9 Somatic symptom and related disorders
1.2.10 Feeding and eating disorders
1.2.11 Elimination disorders
1.2.12 Sleep–wake disorders
1.2.13 Sexual dysfunctions
1.2.14 Gender dysphoria
1.2.15 Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
1.2.16 Substance-related and addictive disorders
1.2.17 Neurocognitive disorders
1.2.18 Personality disorders
1.2.19 Paraphilic disorders
1.3 Section III: emerging measures and models
1.3.1 Alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders
2 Conditions for further study
3 Development
4 Revisions and updates
5 Criticism
5.1 General
5.2 Borderline personality disorder controversy
5.3 British Psychological Society response
5.4 National Institute of Mental Health
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Changes
This part of the article summarizes changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5. DSM-5 is divided into three Sections, using Roman numerals to designate each Section. The same organizational structure is used in this overview, e.g., Section I (immediately below) summarizes relevant changes discussed in DSM-5, Section I.
Note that if a specific disorder (or set of disorders) cannot be seen, e.g., enuresis and other elimination disorders, mentioned in Section II: diagnostic criteria and codes (below), it means that the diagnostic criteria for those disorders did not change significantly from DSM-IV to DSM-5.
Section I
Section I describes DSM-5 chapter organization, its change from the multiaxial system, and Section III's dimensional assessments.[4] The DSM-5 deleted the chapter that includes "disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence" opting to list them in other chapters.[4] A note under Anxiety Disorders says that the "sequential order" of at least some DSM-5 chapters has significance that reflects the relationships between diagnoses.[4]
This introductory section describes the process of DSM revision, including field trials, public and professional review, and expert review. It states its goal is to harmonize with the ICD systems and share organizational structures as much as is feasible. Concern about the categorical system of diagnosis is expressed, but the conclusion is the reality that alternative definitions for most disorders is scientifically premature.
The new version replaces the NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) categories with two options: other specified disorder and unspecified disorder to increase the utility to the clinician. The first allows the clinician to specify the reason that the criteria for a specific disorder are not met; the second allows the clinician the option to forgo specification.
DSM-5 has discarded the multiaxial system of diagnosis (formerly Axis I, Axis II, Axis III), listing all disorders in Section II. It has replaced Axis IV with significant psychosocial and contextual features and dropped Axis V (Global Assessment of Functioning, known as GAF). The World Health Organization's (WHO) Disability Assessment Schedule is added to Section III (Emerging measures and models) under Assessment Measures, as a suggested, but not required, method to assess functioning.[5]
Section II: diagnostic criteria and codes
Neurodevelopmental disorders
"Mental retardation" has a new name: "intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)".[6]
Phonological disorder and stuttering are now called communication disorders—which include language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder, and a new condition characterized by impaired social verbal and nonverbal communication called social (pragmatic) communication disorder.[6]
Autism spectrum disorder incorporates Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)—see Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome § DSM-5 changes.[7]
A new sub-category, motor disorders, encompasses developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and the tic disorders including Tourette syndrome.[8]
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
All subtypes of schizophrenia were removed from the DSM-5 (paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual).[4]
A major mood episode is required for schizoaffective disorder (for a majority of the disorder's duration after criterion A [related to delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and negative symptoms such as avolition] is met).[4]
Criteria for delusional disorder changed, and it is no longer separate from shared delusional disorder.[4]
Catatonia in all contexts requires 3 of a total of 12 symptoms. Catatonia may be a specifier for depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders; part of another medical condition; or of another specified diagnosis.[4]
Bipolar and related disorders
New specifier "with mixed features" can be applied to bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder NED (not elsewhere defined, previously called "NOS", not otherwise specified) and MDD.[9]
Allows other specified bipolar and related disorder for particular conditions.[4]
Anxiety symptoms are a specifier (called "anxious distress") added to bipolar disorder and to depressive disorders (but are not part of the bipolar diagnostic criteria).[4]
Depressive disorders
The bereavement exclusion in DSM-IV was removed from depressive disorders in DSM-5.[10]
New disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)[11] for children up to age 18 years.[4]
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder moved from an appendix for further study, and became a disorder.[4]
Specifiers were added for mixed symptoms and for anxiety, along with guidance to physicians for suicidality.[4]
The term dysthymia now also would be called persistent depressive disorder.
Anxiety disorders
For the various forms of phobias and anxiety disorders, DSM-5 removes the requirement that the subject (formerly, over 18 years old) "must recognize that their fear and anxiety are excessive or unreasonable". Also, the duration of at least 6 months now applies to everyone (not only to children).[4]
Panic attack became a specifier for all DSM-5 disorders.[4]
Panic disorder and agoraphobia became two separate disorders.[4]
Specific types of phobias became specifiers but are otherwise unchanged.[4]
The generalized specifier for social anxiety disorder (formerly, social phobia) changed in favor of a performance only (i.e., public speaking or performance) specifier.[4]
Separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism are now classified as anxiety disorders (rather than disorders of early onset).[4]
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
A new chapter on obsessive-compulsive and related disorders includes four new disorders: excoriation (skin-picking) disorder, hoarding disorder, substance-/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition.[4]
Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) moved from "impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified" in DSM-IV, to an obsessive-compulsive disorder in DSM-5.[4]
A specifier was expanded (and added to body dysmorphic disorder and hoarding disorder) to allow for good or fair insight, poor insight, and "absent insight/delusional" (i.e., complete conviction that obsessive-compulsive disorder beliefs are true).[4]
Criteria were added to body dysmorphic disorder to describe repetitive behaviors or mental acts that may arise with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance.[4]
The DSM-IV specifier “with obsessive-compulsive symptoms” moved from anxiety disorders to this new category for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.[4]
There are two new diagnoses: other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, which can include body-focused repetitive behavior disorder (behaviors like nail biting, lip biting, and cheek chewing, other than hair pulling and skin picking) or obsessional jealousy; and unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder.[4]
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is now included in a new section titled "Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders."[12]
The PTSD diagnostic clusters were reorganized and expanded from a total of three clusters to four based on the results of confirmatory factor analytic research conducted since the publication of DSM-IV.[13]
Separate criteria were added for children six years old or younger.[4]
For the diagnosis of acute stress disorder and PTSD, the stressor criteria (Criterion A1 in DSM-IV) was modified to some extent. The requirement for specific subjective emotional reactions (Criterion A2 in DSM-IV) was eliminated because it lacked empirical support for its utility and predictive validity.[13] Previously certain groups, such as military personnel involved in combat, law enforcement officers and other first responders, did not meet criterion A2 in DSM-IV because their training prepared them to not react emotionally to traumatic events.[14][15][16]
Two new disorders that were formerly subtypes were named: reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder.[4]
Adjustment disorders were moved to this new section and reconceptualized as stress-response syndromes. DSM-IV subtypes for depressed mood, anxious symptoms, and disturbed conduct are unchanged.[4]
Dissociative disorders
Depersonalization disorder is now called depersonalization/derealization disorder.[17]
Dissociative fugue became a specifier for dissociative amnesia.[4]
The criteria for dissociative identity disorder were expanded to include "possession-form phenomena and functional neurological symptoms". It is made clear that "transitions in identity may be observable by others or self-reported".[4] Criterion B was also modified for people who experience gaps in recall of everyday events (not only trauma).[4]
Somatic symptom and related disorders
Somatoform disorders are now called somatic symptom and related disorders.
Patients that present with chronic pain can now be diagnosed with the mental illness somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain; or psychological factors that affect other medical conditions; or with an adjustment disorder.[4][18][19][20][21]
Somatization disorder and undifferentiated somatoform disorder were combined to become somatic symptom disorder, a diagnosis which no longer requires a specific number of somatic symptoms.[4]
Somatic symptom and related disorders are defined by positive symptoms, and the use of medically unexplained symptoms is minimized, except in the cases of conversion disorder and pseudocyesis (false pregnancy).[4]
A new diagnosis is psychological factors affecting other medical conditions. This was formerly found in the DSM-IV chapter "Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention".[4]
Criteria for conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) were changed.[4]
Feeding and eating disorders
Criteria for pica and rumination disorder were changed and can now refer to people of any age.[4]
Binge eating disorder graduated from DSM-IV's "Appendix B -- Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study" into a proper diagnosis.[22]
Requirements for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder were changed from "at least twice weekly for 6 months to at least once weekly over the last 3 months".
The criteria for anorexia nervosa were changed; there is no longer a requirement of amenorrhea.
"Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood", a rarely used diagnosis in DSM-IV, was renamed to avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and criteria were expanded.[4]
Elimination disorders
NO significant changes.[4]
Disorders in this chapter were previously classified under disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence in DSM-IV. Now it is an independent classification in DSM 5.[4]
Sleep–wake disorders
"Sleep disorders related to another mental disorder, and sleep disorders related to a general medical condition" were deleted.[4]
Primary insomnia became insomnia disorder, and narcolepsy is separate from other hypersomnolence.[4]
There are now three breathing-related sleep disorders: obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea, central sleep apnea, and sleep-related hypoventilation.[4]
Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders were expanded to include advanced sleep phase syndrome, irregular sleep–wake type, and non-24-hour sleep–wake type.[4] Jet lag was removed.[4]
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and restless legs syndrome are each a disorder, instead of both being listed under "dyssomnia not otherwise specified" in DSM-IV.[4]
Sexual dysfunctions
DSM-5 has sex-specific sexual dysfunctions.[4]
For females, sexual desire and arousal disorders are combined into female sexual interest/arousal disorder.[4]
Sexual dysfunctions (except substance-/medication-induced sexual dysfunction) now require a duration of approximately 6 months and more exact severity criteria.[4]
A new diagnosis is genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder which combines vaginismus and dyspareunia from DSM-IV.[4]
Sexual aversion disorder was deleted.[4]
Subtypes for all disorders include only "lifelong versus acquired" and "generalized versus situational" (one subtype was deleted from DSM-IV).[4]
Two subtypes were deleted: "sexual dysfunction due to a general medical condition" and "due to psychological versus combined factors".[4]
Gender dysphoria
Further information: Gender dysphoria
DSM-IV gender identity disorder is similar to, but not the same as, gender dysphoria in DSM-5. Separate criteria for children, adolescents and adults that are appropriate for varying developmental states are added.
Subtypes of gender identity disorder based on sexual orientation were deleted.[4]
Among other wording changes, criterion A and criterion B (cross-gender identification, and aversion toward one’s gender) were combined.[4] Along with these changes comes the creation of a separate gender dysphoria in children as well as one for adults and adolescents. The grouping has been moved out of the sexual disorders category and into its own. The name change was made in part due to stigmatization of the term "disorder" and the relatively common use of "gender dysphoria" in the GID literature and among specialists in the area.[23] The creation of a specific diagnosis for children reflects the lesser ability of children to have insight into what they are experiencing and ability to express it in the event that they have insight.[24]
Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
Some of these disorders were formerly part of the chapter on early diagnosis, oppositional defiant disorder; conduct disorder; and disruptive behavior disorder not otherwise specified became other specified and unspecified disruptive disorder, impulse-control disorder, and conduct disorders.[4] Intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, and kleptomania moved to this chapter from the DSM-IV chapter "Impulse-Control Disorders Not Otherwise Specified".[4]
Antisocial personality disorder is listed here and in the chapter on personality disorders (but ADHD is listed under neurodevelopmental disorders).[4]
Symptoms for oppositional defiant disorder are of three types: angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. The conduct disorder exclusion is deleted. The criteria were also changed with a note on frequency requirements and a measure of severity.[4]
Criteria for conduct disorder are unchanged for the most part from DSM-IV.[4] A specifier was added for people with limited "prosocial emotion", showing callous and unemotional traits.[4]
People over the disorder's minimum age of 6 may be diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder without outbursts of physical aggression.[4] Criteria were added for frequency and to specify "impulsive and/or anger based in nature, and must cause marked distress, cause impairment in occupational or interpersonal functioning, or be associated with negative financial or legal consequences".[4]
Substance-related and addictive disorders
Gambling disorder and tobacco use disorder are new.[4]
Substance abuse and substance dependence from DSM-IV-TR have been combined into single substance use disorders specific to each substance of abuse within a new "addictions and related disorders" category.[25] "Recurrent legal problems" was deleted and "craving or a strong desire or urge to use a substance" was added to the criteria.[4] The threshold of the number of criteria that must be met was changed[4] and severity from mild to severe is based on the number of criteria endorsed.[4] Criteria for cannabis and caffeine withdrawal were added.[4] New specifiers were added for early and sustained remission along with new specifiers for "in a controlled environment" and "on maintenance therapy".[4]
DSM-5 substance dependencies include:
303.90 Alcohol dependence
304.00 Opioid dependence
304.10 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic dependence (including benzodiazepine dependence and barbiturate dependence)
304.20 Cocaine dependence
304.30 Cannabis dependence
304.40 Amphetamine dependence (or amphetamine-like)
304.50 Hallucinogen dependence
304.60 Inhalant dependence
304.80 Polysubstance dependence
304.90 Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like) dependence
304.90 Other (or unknown) substance dependence
305.10 Nicotine dependence
There are no more polysubstance diagnoses in DSM-5; the substance(s) must be specified.[26]
Neurocognitive disorders
Dementia and amnestic disorder became major or mild neurocognitive disorder (major NCD, or mild NCD).[4][27] DSM-5 has a new list of neurocognitive domains.[4] "New separate criteria are now presented" for major or mild NCD due to various conditions.[4] Substance/medication-induced NCD and unspecified NCD are new diagnoses.[4]
Personality disorders
Personality disorder (PD) previously belonged to a different axis than almost all other disorders, but is now in one axis with all mental and other medical diagnoses.[28] However, the same ten types of personality disorder are retained.[28]
There is a call for the DSM-5 to provide relevant clinical information that is empirically based to conceptualize personality as well as psychopathology in personalities. The issue(s) of heterogeneity of a PD is problematic as well. For example, when determining the criteria for a PD it is possible for two individuals with the same diagnosis to have completely different symptoms that would not necessarily overlap.[29] There is also concern as to which model is better for the DSM - the diagnostic model favored by psychiatrists or the dimensional model that is favored by psychologists. The diagnostic approach/model is one that follows the diagnostic approach of traditional medicine, is more convenient to use in clinical settings, however, it does not capture the intricacies of normal or abnormal personality. The dimensional approach/model is better at showing varied degrees of personality; it places emphasis on the continuum between normal and abnormal, and abnormal as something beyond a threshold whether in unipolar or bipolar cases.[30]
Paraphilic disorders
New specifiers "in a controlled environment" and "in remission" were added to criteria for all paraphilic disorders.[4]
A distinction is made between paraphilic behaviors, or paraphilias, and paraphilic disorders.[31] All criteria sets were changed to add the word disorder to all of the paraphilias, for example, pedophilic disorder is listed instead of pedophilia.[4] There is no change in the basic diagnostic structure since DSM-III-R; however, people now must meet both qualitative (criterion A) and negative consequences (criterion B) criteria to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder. Otherwise they have a paraphilia (and no diagnosis).[4]
Section III: emerging measures and models
Alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders
An alternative hybrid dimensional-categorical model for personality disorders is included to stimulate further research on this modified classification system.[32]
Conditions for further study
These conditions and criteria are set forth to encourage future research and are not meant for clinical use.
Attenuated psychosis syndrome
Depressive episodes with short-duration hypomania
Persistent complex bereavement disorder
Caffeine use disorder
Internet gaming disorder
Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure
Suicidal behavior disorder
Non-suicidal self-injury[33]
Development
In 1999, a DSM–5 Research Planning Conference; sponsored jointly by APA and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), was held to set the research priorities. Research Planning Work Groups produced "white papers" on the research needed to inform and shape the DSM-5[34] and the resulting work and recommendations were reported in an APA monograph[35] and peer-reviewed literature.[36] There were six workgroups, each focusing on a broad topic: Nomenclature, Neuroscience and Genetics, Developmental Issues and Diagnosis, Personality and Relational Disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability, and Cross-Cultural Issues. Three additional white papers were also due by 2004 concerning gender issues, diagnostic issues in the geriatric population, and mental disorders in infants and young children.[37] The white papers have been followed by a series of conferences to produce recommendations relating to specific disorders and issues, with attendance limited to 25 invited researchers.[37]
On July 23, 2007, the APA announced the task force that would oversee the development of DSM-5. The DSM-5 Task Force consisted of 27 members, including a chair and vice chair, who collectively represent research scientists from psychiatry and other disciplines, clinical care providers, and consumer and family advocates. Scientists working on the revision of the DSM had a broad range of experience and interests. The APA Board of Trustees required that all task force nominees disclose any competing interests or potentially conflicting relationships with entities that have an interest in psychiatric diagnoses and treatments as a precondition to appointment to the task force. The APA made all task force members' disclosures available during the announcement of the task force. Several individuals were ruled ineligible for task force appointments due to their competing interests.[38]
The DSM-5 field trials included test-retest reliability which involved different clinicians doing independent evaluations of the same patient—a common approach to the study of diagnostic reliability.[39]
About 68% of DSM-V task-force members and 56% of panel members reported having ties to the pharmaceutical industry, such as holding stock in pharmaceutical companies, serving as consultants to industry, or serving on company boards.[40]
Revisions and updates
Beginning with the fifth edition, it is intended that diagnostic guidelines revisions will be added incrementally.[41] The DSM-5 is identified with Arabic rather than Roman numerals, marking a change in how future updates will be created. Incremental updates will be identified with decimals (DSM-5.1, DSM-5.2, etc.), until a new edition is written.[42] The change reflects the intent of the APA to respond more quickly when a preponderance of research supports a specific change in the manual. The research base of mental disorders is evolving at different rates for different disorders.[41]
Criticism
General
Robert Spitzer, the head of the DSM-III task force, publicly criticized the APA for mandating that DSM-5 task force members sign a nondisclosure agreement, effectively conducting the whole process in secret: "When I first heard about this agreement, I just went bonkers. Transparency is necessary if the document is to have credibility, and, in time, you're going to have people complaining all over the place that they didn't have the opportunity to challenge anything."[43] Allen Frances, chair of the DSM-IV task force, expressed a similar concern.[44]
Although the APA has since instituted a disclosure policy for DSM-5 task force members, many still believe the association has not gone far enough in its efforts to be transparent and to protect against industry influence.[45] In a 2009 Point/Counterpoint article, Lisa Cosgrove, PhD and Harold J. Bursztajn, MD noted that "the fact that 70% of the task force members have reported direct industry ties—an increase of almost 14% over the percentage of DSM-IV task force members who had industry ties—shows that disclosure policies alone, especially those that rely on an honor system, are not enough and that more specific safeguards are needed".[46]
David Kupfer, chair of the DSM-5 task force, and Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH, vice chair of the task force, whose industry ties are disclosed with those of the task force,[47] countered that "collaborative relationships among government, academia, and industry are vital to the current and future development of pharmacological treatments for mental disorders". They asserted that the development of DSM-5 is the "most inclusive and transparent developmental process in the 60-year history of DSM". The developments to this new version can be viewed on the APA website.[48] Public input was requested for the first time in the history of the manual.[citation needed] During periods of public comment, members of the public could sign up at the DSM-5 website[49] and provide feedback on the various proposed changes.[50]
In June 2009, Allen Frances issued strongly worded criticisms of the processes leading to DSM-5 and the risk of "serious, subtle, (...) ubiquitous" and "dangerous" unintended consequences such as new "false 'epidemics'". He writes that "the work on DSM-V has displayed the most unhappy combination of soaring ambition and weak methodology" and is concerned about the task force's "inexplicably closed and secretive process".[51] His and Spitzer's concerns about the contract that the APA drew up for consultants to sign, agreeing not to discuss drafts of the fifth edition beyond the task force and committees, have also been aired and debated.[52]
The appointment, in May 2008, of two of the taskforce members, Kenneth Zucker and Ray Blanchard, led to an internet petition to remove them.[53] According to MSNBC, "The petition accuses Zucker of having engaged in 'junk science' and promoting 'hurtful theories' during his career, especially advocating the idea that children who are unambiguously male or female anatomically, but seem confused about their gender identity, can be treated by encouraging gender expression in line with their anatomy."[54] According to The Gay City News, "Dr. Ray Blanchard, a psychiatry professor at the University of Toronto, is deemed offensive for his theories that some types of transsexuality are paraphilias, or sexual urges. In this model, transsexuality is not an essential aspect of the individual, but a misdirected sexual impulse."[55] Blanchard responded, "Naturally, it's very disappointing to me there seems to be so much misinformation about me on the Internet. [They didn't distort] my views, they completely reversed my views."[55] Zucker "rejects the junk-science charge, saying there 'has to be an empirical basis to modify anything' in the DSM. As for hurting people, 'in my own career, my primary motivation in working with children, adolescents and families is to help them with the distress and suffering they are experiencing, whatever the reasons they are having these struggles. I want to help people feel better about themselves, not hurt them.'"[54]
In 2011, psychologist Brent Robbins co-authored a national letter for the Society for Humanistic Psychology that brought thousands into the public debate about the DSM. Approximately 13,000 individuals and mental health professionals signed a petition in support of the letter. Thirteen other American Psychological Association divisions endorsed the petition.[56] In a November 2011 article about the debate in the San Francisco Chronicle, Robbins notes that under the new guidelines, certain responses to grief could be labeled as pathological disorders, instead of being recognized as being normal human experiences.[57] In 2012, a footnote was added to the draft text which explains the distinction between grief and depression.[58]
The DSM-5 has been criticized for purportedly saying nothing about the biological underpinnings of mental disorders.[59] A book-long appraisal of the DSM-5, with contributions from philosophers, historians and anthropologists, was published in 2015.[60]
The financial association of DSM-5 panel members with industry continues to be a concern for financial conflict of interest.[61] Of the DSM-5 task force members, 69% report having ties to the pharmaceutical industry, an increase from the 57% of DSM-IV task force members.[61]
A 2015 essay from an Australian university criticized the DSM-5 for having poor cultural diversity, stating that recent work done in cognitive sciences and cognitive anthropology is still only accepting western psychology as the norm.[62]
Borderline personality disorder controversy
In 2003, the Treatment and Research Advancements National Association for Personality Disorders (TARA-APD) campaigned to change the name and designation of borderline personality disorder in DSM-5.[63] The paper How Advocacy is Bringing BPD into the Light[64] reported that "the name BPD is confusing, imparts no relevant or descriptive information, and reinforces existing stigma." Instead, it proposed the name "emotional regulation disorder" or "emotional dysregulation disorder." There was also discussion about changing borderline personality disorder, an Axis II diagnosis (personality disorders and mental retardation), to an Axis I diagnosis (clinical disorders).[65]
The TARA-APD recommendations do not appear to have affected the American Psychiatric Association, the publisher of the DSM. As noted above, the DSM-5 does not employ a multi-axial diagnostic scheme, therefore the distinction between Axis I and II disorders no longer exists in the DSM nosology. The name, the diagnostic criteria for, and description of, borderline personality disorder remain largely unchanged from DSM-IV-TR.[66]
British Psychological Society response
The British Psychological Society stated in its June 2011 response to DSM-5 draft versions, that it had "more concerns than plaudits".[67] It criticized proposed diagnoses as "clearly based largely on social norms, with 'symptoms' that all rely on subjective judgements... not value-free, but rather reflect[ing] current normative social expectations", noting doubts over the reliability, validity, and value of existing criteria, that personality disorders were not normed on the general population, and that "not otherwise specified" categories covered a "huge" 30% of all personality disorders.
It also expressed a major concern that "clients and the general public are negatively affected by the continued and continuous medicalisation of their natural and normal responses to their experiences... which demand helping responses, but which do not reflect illnesses so much as normal individual variation".
The Society suggested as its primary specific recommendation, a change from using "diagnostic frameworks" to a description based on an individual's specific experienced problems, and that mental disorders are better explored as part of a spectrum shared with normality:
“ [We recommend] a revision of the way mental distress is thought about, starting with recognition of the overwhelming evidence that it is on a spectrum with 'normal' experience, and that psychosocial factors such as poverty, unemployment and trauma are the most strongly-evidenced causal factors. Rather than applying preordained diagnostic categories to clinical populations, we believe that any classification system should begin from the bottom up – starting with specific experiences, problems or 'symptoms' or 'complaints'... We would like to see the base unit of measurement as specific problems (e.g. hearing voices, feelings of anxiety etc.)? These would be more helpful too in terms of epidemiology.
While some people find a name or a diagnostic label helpful, our contention is that this helpfulness results from a knowledge that their problems are recognised (in both senses of the word) understood, validated, explained (and explicable) and have some relief. Clients often, unfortunately, find that diagnosis offers only a spurious promise of such benefits. Since – for example – two people with a diagnosis of 'schizophrenia' or 'personality disorder' may possess no two symptoms in common, it is difficult to see what communicative benefit is served by using these diagnoses. We believe that a description of a person's real problems would suffice. Moncrieff and others have shown that diagnostic labels are less useful than a description of a person's problems for predicting treatment response, so again diagnoses seem positively unhelpful compared to the alternatives. - British Psychological Society June 2011 response
”
National Institute of Mental Health
National Institute of Mental Health director Thomas R. Insel, MD,[68] wrote in an April 29, 2013 blog post about the DSM-5:[69]
“ The goal of this new manual, as with all previous editions, is to provide a common language for describing psychopathology. While DSM has been described as a "Bible" for the field, it is, at best, a dictionary, creating a set of labels and defining each. The strength of each of the editions of DSM has been "reliability" – each edition has ensured that clinicians use the same terms in the same ways. The weakness is its lack of validity ... Patients with mental disorders deserve better. ”
Insel also discussed an NIMH effort to develop a new classification system, Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), currently for research purposes only.[70] Insel's post sparked a flurry of reaction, some of which might be termed sensationalistic, with headlines such as "Goodbye to the DSM-V",[71] "Federal institute for mental health abandons controversial 'bible' of psychiatry",[72] "National Institute of Mental Health abandoning the DSM",[73] and "Psychiatry divided as mental health 'bible' denounced".[74] Other responses provided a more nuanced analysis of the NIMH Director's post.[75]
In May 2013, Insel, on behalf of NIMH, issued a joint statement with Jeffrey A. Lieberman, MD, president of the American Psychiatric Association,[76] that emphasized that DSM-5 "... represents the best information currently available for clinical diagnosis of mental disorders. Patients, families, and insurers can be confident that effective treatments are available and that the DSM is the key resource for delivering the best available care. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has not changed its position on DSM-5." Insel and Lieberman say that DSM-5 and RDoC "represent complementary, not competing, frameworks" for characterizing diseases and disorders.[76] However, epistemologists of psychiatry tend to see the RDoC project as a putative revolutionary system that in the long run will try to replace the DSM, its expected early effect being a liberalization of the research criteria, with an increasing number of research centers adopting the RDoC definitions.[77]
See also
Psychiatry portal
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
References
Jump up ^ Wakefield, Jerome C. (2013-05-22). "DSM-5: An Overview of Changes and Controversies". Clinical Social Work Journal. 41 (2): 139–154. ISSN 0091-1674. doi:10.1007/s10615-013-0445-2.
Jump up ^ Welch, Steven; Klassen, Cherisse; Borisova, Oxana; Clothier, Holly. "The DSM-5 controversies: How should psychologists respond?". Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne. 54 (3): 166–175. doi:10.1037/a0033841.
Jump up ^ "Coalition for DSM-5 Reform". Coalition for DSM-5 Reform. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw "Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. May 17, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 5–25. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Guide to DSM-5: Neurodevelopmental Disorders". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Autism Spectrum Disorders". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 74–85. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Mixed-Mood Specifier". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Removal of the Bereavement Exclusion From MDD". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Friedman, M. J.; Resick, P. A.; Bryant, R. A.; Strain, J.; Horowitz, M.; Spiegel, D. (2011). "Classification of trauma and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5". Depression and Anxiety. 28 (9): 737–749. doi:10.1002/da.20845.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedman, M. J.; Resick, P. A.; Bryant, R. A.; Brewin, C. R. (2011). "Considering PTSD for DSM-5". Depression and Anxiety. 28 (9): 750–769. PMID 21910184. doi:10.1002/da.20767.
Jump up ^ Adler, A. B.; Wright, K. M.; Bliese, P. D.; Eckford, R.; Hoge, C. W. (2008). "A2 diagnostic criterion for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 21 (3): 301–308. doi:10.1002/jts.20336.
Jump up ^ Hathaway, L. M.; Boals, A.; Banks, J. B. (2010). "PTSD symptoms and dominant emotional response to a traumatic event: An examination of DSM-IV criterion A2". Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 23 (1): 119–126. doi:10.1080/10615800902818771.
Jump up ^ Karam, E. G.; Andrews, G.; Bromet, E.; Petukhova, M.; Ruscio, A. M.; Salamoun, M.; et al. (2010). "The Role of Criterion A2 in the DSM-IV Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Biological Psychiatry. 68 (5): 465–473. PMC 3228599  . PMID 20599189. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.032.
Jump up ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Diagnostic Ethics: Harms/Benefits, Somatic Symptom Disorder". Psychology Today. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "DSM-5 redefines hypochondriasis — For Medical Professionals — Mayo Clinic". mayoclinic.org. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Justina Pelletier: The Case Continues". Mad In America. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Binge Eating Disorder". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "P 01 Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents or Adults". American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "P 00 Gender Dysphoria in Children". American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Substance Use Disorder". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5" (PDF). American Psychiatric Publishing. American Psychiatric Association. 2013. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. The DSM-IV specifier for a physiological subtype has been eliminated in DSM-5, as has the DSM-IV diagnosis of polysubstance dependence.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Neurocognitive Disorder". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Personality Disorders" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Krueger, Robert F.; Hopwood, Christopher J.; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Markon, Kristian E. (2014-09-01). "DSM-5 and the Path Toward Empirically Based and Clinically Useful Conceptualization of Personality and Psychopathology". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 21 (3): 245–261. ISSN 1468-2850. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12073.
Jump up ^ Crocq, Marc-Antoine (2013). "Milestones in the History of Personality Disorders" (PDF). Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 15 (2). Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "A Guide to DSM-5: Personality Disorders". Medscape.com. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 783–808. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Jump up ^ First, Michael B. (2002), "A Research Agenda for DSM-V: Summary of the DSM-V Preplanning White Papers Published in May 2002", DSM-V Prelude Project, American Psychiatric Association, archived from the original on April 13, 2008, retrieved May 12, 2012
Jump up ^ Kupfer, David J.; First, Michael B.; Regier, Darrel A., eds. (2002), A Research Agenda for DSM-5, Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, ISBN 9780890422922, OCLC 49518977
Jump up ^ Regier, Darrel A; Narrow, William E; First, Michael B; Marshall, Tina (2002). "The APA classification of mental disorders: future perspectives". Psychopathology. 35 (2–3): 166–170. PMID 12145504. doi:10.1159/000065139.
^ Jump up to: a b "DSM-5 Research Planning", DSM-V Prelude Project, American Psychiatric Association, DSM-V Research White Papers, archived from the original on April 24, 2008, retrieved May 12, 2012
Jump up ^ Regier, MD, MPH, Darrel A. (2007). "Somatic Presentations of Mental Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V" (PDF). Psychosomatic Medicine. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 69 (9): 827–828. PMID 18040087. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815afbe4. Retrieved December 21, 2007. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Reliability and Prevalence in the DSM-5 Field Trials, January 12, 2012 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 31, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cosgrove, Lisa; Bursztajn, Harold J.; Krimsky, Sheldon (7 May 2009). "Developing Unbiased Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines in Psychiatry". New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (19): 2035–2036. doi:10.1056/NEJMc0810237.
^ Jump up to: a b "About DSM-5 Frequently Asked Questions". American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Harold, Eve (March 9, 2010). "APA Modifies DSM Naming Convention to Reflect Publication Changes" (Release No. 10-17). The American Psychiatric Association.
Jump up ^ Carey, Benedict (December 17, 2008). "Psychiatrists Revise the Book of Human Troubles". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Psychiatrists Propose Revisions to Diagnosis Manual. via PBS Newshour, February 10, 2010 (interviews Frances and Alan Schatzberg on some of the main changes proposed to the DSM-5)
Jump up ^ Cosgrove, Lisa; Krimsky, Sheldon; Vijayaraghavan, Manisha; Schneider, Lisa (April 2006), "Financial Ties between DSM-IV Panel Members and the Pharmaceutical Industry", Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75 (3): 154–160, PMID 16636630, doi:10.1159/000091772
Jump up ^ Cosgrove L, Bursztajn HJ, Kupfer DJ, Regier DA. "Toward Credible Conflict of Interest Policies in Clinical Psychiatry" Psychiatric Times 26:1.
Jump up ^ "DSM-V Task Force Member Disclosure Report: David J Kupfer, MD" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. and "DSM-V Task Force Member Disclosure Report: Darrel Alvin Regier M.D" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. May 2, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ DSM-5 Overview: The Future Manual | APA DSM-5 Archived December 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Registration page for DSM-5 public comment Archived May 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., page found June 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Suggestions and ideas for members of the work groups were also solicited through the DSM-5 website. The proposed draft revisions to DSM-5 are posted on the website, and anyone can provide feedback to the work groups during periods of public comment."Question 4 on the DSM-5 FAQ Archived September 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., page found June 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Frances, Allen (June 26, 2009). "A Warning Sign on the Road to DSM-V: Beware of Its Unintended Consequences" (Full text). Psychiatric Times. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Lane, Christopher (July 24, 2009). "The Diagnostic Madness of DSM-V". Slate.
Jump up ^ Lou Chibbaro, Jr. (May 30, 2008). "Activists alarmed over APA: Head of psychiatry panel favors 'change' therapy for some trans teens". Washington Blade.
^ Jump up to: a b Alexander, Brian (May 22, 2008). "What's 'normal' sex? Shrinks seek definition: Controversy erupts over creation of psychiatric rule book's new edition". MSNBC. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Osborne, Duncan (May 15, 2008). "Flap Flares Over Gender Diagnosis". Gay City News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Professor co-authors letter about America's mental health manual". Point Park University. December 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Erin Allday (November 26, 2011). "Revision of psychiatric manual under fire". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ Carey, Benedict (May 8, 2012), "Psychiatry Manual Drafters Back Down on Diagnoses", The New York Times, nytimes.com, retrieved May 12, 2012
Jump up ^ New DSM-5 Ignores Biology of Mental Illness; "The latest edition of psychiatry's standard guidebook neglects the biology of mental illness. New research may change that." May 5, 2013 Scientific American
Jump up ^ Demazeux, Steeves; Singy, Patrick (2015). The DSM-5 in Perspective: Philosophical Reflections on the Psychiatric Babel. Springer. ISBN 978-94-017-9764-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Cosgrove, Lisa; Drimsky Lisa (March 2012). "A comparison of DSM-iv and DSM-5 panel members' financial associations with industry: A pernicous problem persisits". PLoS Medicine. 9 (3): 1–5. PMC 3302834  . PMID 22427747. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001190. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Dominic (2015). "Deviant deviance": Cultural diversity in DSM-5" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Treatment and Research Advancements National Association for Personality Disorders (TARA-APD)
Jump up ^ "TARA Association for Personality Disorder". tara4bpd.org. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ New, Antonia; Triebwasser Joseph; Charney Dennis (October 2008). "The case for shifting borderline personality disorder to Axis I" (PDF). Biol. Psychiatry. 64 (8): 653–9. PMID 18550033. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.020. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 663–6. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Jump up ^ British Psychological Society Response, June 2011
Jump up ^ "Director's Biography". National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Insel, Thomas. "Transforming Diagnosis". National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) (Draft 3.1)". National Institute of Mental Health. June 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Harbinger, New (May 22, 2013). "Goodbye to the DSM-V". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Federal institute for mental health abandons controversial 'bible' of psychiatry". Verge. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "National Institute of Mental Health abandoning the DSM". Mind Hacks. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Psychiatry divided as mental health 'bible' denounced". NewScientist. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Did the NIMH Withdraw Support for the DSM-5? No". PsychCentral. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
"Mental Health Researchers Reject Psychiatry’s New Diagnostic ‘Bible’". Time. May 7, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
"THE RATS OF N.I.M.H.". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Belluck, Pam; Carey, Benedict (May 6, 2013). "Psychiatry’s Guide Is Out of Touch With Science, Experts Say". New York Times. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "DSM-5 and RDoC: Shared Interests". National Institute of Mental Health and American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Aragona M. (2014) Epistemological reflections about the crisis of the DSM-5 and the revolutionary potential of the RDoC project Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences 7: 11-20
External links
"DSM-V The Future Manual". American Psychiatric Association. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008.
"DSM-5 Update: Supplement to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition" (PDF). PsychiatryOnline. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. September 2016.
[show]
v
t
e
DSM personality disorders
DSM-III-R only
Sadistic
Self-defeating (masochistic)
DSM-IV only
Personality disorder not otherwise specified
Appendix B (proposed)
Depressive
Negativistic (passive-aggressive)
DSM-5
(Categorical
model)
Cluster A (odd)
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Cluster B (dramatic)
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Cluster C (anxious)
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive
DSM-5
Alternative hybrid categorical and dimensional model in Section III included to stimulate further research
[show]
v
t
e
Medical classification
Topographical codes
Terminologia
TA
TH
TE
SNOMED T axis
MeSH A axis
Diagnostic codes
general:
ICD
11 (not yet released; in development)
10
9
ICPC-2
DRC
NANDA
Read codes
SNOMED D axis
specialized:
ICD-O
ICSD
ICHD
ILDS
DSM
IV
5
BPA
CCMD-3
Procedural codes
HCPCS (CPT, Level 2)
ICD
10 PCS
9-CM Volume 3
ICHI
NIC
SNOMED P axis
OPS-301
Read codes/OPCS-4
CCAM
LOINC
Pharmaceutical codes
ATC
NDC
SNOMED C axis
DIN
Outcomes codes
NOC
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DSM-5&oldid=797307800"
Categories:
2013 non-fiction books
Abnormal psychology
Clinical psychology
Diagnosis classification
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Medical manuals
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Webarchive template wayback links
Use mdy dates from January 2015
Pages to import images to Wikidata
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Polski
Português
Română
Edit links
This version of the page has been revised. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: href title

value: bdi

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/User_talk:KolbertBot
mw-usertoollinks-talk
User talk:KolbertBot

value: span

attrs: class href

value: td

value: tr

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: id class role

values:
revision-info
plainlinks fmbox fmbox-warning
presentation

values: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/830807378

values:
/wiki/Mental_retardation
mw-redirect
Mental retardation

values:
/wiki/Phonological_disorder
mw-redirect
Phonological disorder

values: Childhood-onset fluency disorder (page does not exist)

values: Social (pragmatic) communication disorder (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Autism_spectrum_disorder
mw-redirect
Autism spectrum disorder

values:
/wiki/Asperger_disorder
mw-redirect
Asperger disorder

values: Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

values:
/wiki/Catatonic_schizophrenia
mw-redirect
Catatonic schizophrenia

values:
/wiki/Undifferentiated_schizophrenia
mw-redirect
Undifferentiated schizophrenia

values:
/wiki/Residual_schizophrenia
mw-redirect
Residual schizophrenia

values: Shared delusional disorder (page does not exist)

values: Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified

values:
/wiki/Hoarding_disorder
mw-redirect
Hoarding disorder

values: Other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder (page does not exist)

values: Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder (page does not exist)

values: Unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Adjustment_disorders
mw-redirect
Adjustment disorders

values:
/wiki/Dissociative_fugue
mw-redirect
Dissociative fugue

values:
/wiki/Dissociative_amnesia
mw-redirect
Dissociative amnesia

values:
/wiki/Somatoform_disorder
mw-redirect
Somatoform disorder

values: Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Rumination_disorder
mw-redirect
Rumination disorder

values:
/wiki/Selective_eating_disorder
mw-redirect
Selective eating disorder

values: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

values: Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sexual_aversion_disorder
mw-redirect
Sexual aversion disorder

values:
/wiki/Gender_identity_disorder
mw-redirect
Gender identity disorder

values: Disruptive behavior disorder not otherwise specified (page does not exist)

values: Other specified and unspecified disruptive disorder (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Impulse-control_disorder
mw-redirect
Impulse-control disorder

values: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

values:
/wiki/Gambling_disorder
mw-redirect
Gambling disorder

values: Tobacco use disorder (page does not exist)

values: Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants

values: Neurocognitive disorder (page does not exist)

values: Substance/medication-induced NCD (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Paraphilic_disorders
mw-redirect
Paraphilic disorders

values:
/wiki/Pedophilic_disorder
mw-redirect
Pedophilic disorder

values: Attenuated psychosis syndrome (page does not exist)

values: Depressive episodes with short-duration hypomania (page does not exist)

values: Persistent complex bereavement disorder (page does not exist)

values: Caffeine use disorder (page does not exist)

values: Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (page does not exist)

values: Suicidal behavior disorder (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Non-suicidal_self-injury
mw-redirect
Non-suicidal self-injury

values:
/wiki/Relational_Disorder
mw-redirect
Relational Disorder

values:
/wiki/Test-retest_reliability
mw-redirect
Test-retest reliability

values:
/wiki/Nondisclosure_agreement
mw-redirect
Nondisclosure agreement

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;

values: vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;

values: margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0091-1674

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0033841

values:
nofollow
http://dsm5-reform.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fda.20845

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21910184

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fda.20767

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fjts.20336

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20599189

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1468-2850

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1111%2Fcpsp.12073

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dsm5.org/whitepapers.cfm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://appi.org/book.cfm?id=2292

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/49518977

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12145504

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1159%2F000065139

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dsm5.org/planning.cfm

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18040087

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMc0810237

values:
/wiki/PBS_Newshour
mw-redirect
PBS Newshour

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16636630

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1159%2F000091772

values:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/2223479/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24664654/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427747

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tara4bpd.org

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18550033

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.dsm5.org/
external text

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon

values: Personality disorder not otherwise specified

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology

values: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

values: International Classification of Primary Care

values: fr:Dictionnaire des résultats de consultation

values: International Classification of Diseases for Oncology

values: International Classification of Sleep Disorders

values: International Classification of Headache Disorders

values: The International League of Dermatological Societies

values: British Pediatric Association Classification of Diseases

values: Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders

values: Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System

values: International Classification of Health Interventions

values: Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux

values: Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System

values: Category:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Use mdy dates from January 2015

values: Category:Pages to import images to Wikidata

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/DSM-5
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – Greek
el
el
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values: دی‌اس‌ام-۵ – Persian

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values: Manuale diagnostico e statistico dei disturbi mentali – Italian

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5
DSM-5 – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-DSM-5 rootpage-DSM-5 skin-vector action-view