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Ocala, Florida
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Ocala, Florida
City
Downtown Ocala

Seal
Nickname(s): Horse Capital of the World
Motto(s): "God Be With Us"

Location in Marion County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 29°11′16″N 82°7′50″W / 29.18778°N 82.13056°W / 29.18778; -82.13056Coordinates: 29°11′16″N 82°7′50″W / 29.18778°N 82.13056°W / 29.18778; -82.13056
Country
United States
State
Florida
County
Marion
Settled
1849
Incorporated (town)
February 4, 1869
Incorporated (city)
January 28, 1885
Government
• Type
Council-manager
• Mayor
Kent Guinn (R)
• City Manager
John Zobler
Area[1]
• City
45.85 sq mi (118.75 km2)
• Land
45.85 sq mi (118.75 km2)
• Water
0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
104 ft (32 m)
Population (2010)[2]
• City
56,315
• Estimate (2016)[3]
59,253
• Rank
US: 629th
• Density
1,292.32/sq mi (498.97/km2)
• Urban
156,909 (US: 211th)
• Metro
337,362 (US: 150th)
Time zone
Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes
34470-34483
Area code(s)
352
FIPS code
12-50750
GNIS feature ID
0288030[4]
Website
City of Ocala
Ocala (/oʊˈkælə/ oh-KAL-ə) is a city located in Northern Florida. As of the 2013 census, its population, estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 57,468, making it the 45th most populated city in Florida.[5]
It is the seat of Marion County[6] and the principal city of the Ocala, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated 2013 population of 337,362.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 20th-century establishment as horse capital
1.2 Growth
1.3 Ocala Historic District
2 Government and politics
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
4 Demographics
5 Economy
5.1 Top employers
5.2 The Ocala Pumpkin Run
5.3 Taylor, Bean & Whitaker
5.4 ABCO Transportation
6 Education
6.1 Colleges and universities
6.2 Libraries
7 All-America City
8 Sister cities
9 Transportation
9.1 Major roads
9.2 Other transportation
10 Notable people
10.1 Notable musical groups
11 Fine arts
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
History[edit]
Archeological investigation has revealed that the area was inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples from as early as 6500 B.C., and there were two lengthy periods of occupation. The second lasted through 500 A.D. In early historic times, the Timucua inhabited the area.[citation needed]
Ocala is located near what is thought to have been the site of Ocale or Ocali, a major Timucua village and chiefdom recorded in the 16th century. The modern city takes its name from the historical village, the name of which is believed to mean "Big Hammock" in the Timucua language.[8] The Spaniard Hernando de Soto's expedition recorded Ocale in 1539 during his exploration through what is today the southeastern United States. Ocale is not mentioned in later Spanish accounts; it appears to have been abandoned in the wake of de Soto's attack.[citation needed]
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Creek people and other Native Americans, and free and fugitive African Americans sought refuge in Florida. The Seminole people formed. After foreign colonial rule shifted between Spain and Great Britain and back again, in 1821 the United States acquired the territory of Florida. After warfare to the north, in 1827 the U.S. Army built Fort King near the present site of Ocala as a buffer between the Seminole, who had long occupied the area, and white settlers moving into the region. The fort was an important base during the Second Seminole War and later served in 1844 as the first courthouse for Marion County.[citation needed]
The modern city of Ocala, which was established in 1849, developed around the fort site. Greater Ocala is known as the "Kingdom of the Sun".[9] Plantations and other agricultural development dependent on slave labor were prevalent in the region. Ocala was an important center of citrus production until the Great Freeze of 1894–1895.[citation needed]
Rail service reached Ocala in June 1881, encouraging economic development with greater access to markets for produce. Two years later, much of the Ocala downtown area was destroyed by fire on Thanksgiving Day, 1883. The city encouraged rebuilding with brick, granite and steel rather than lumber. By 1888, Ocala was known statewide as "The Brick City".[citation needed]
Downtown Ocala in 1883
In December 1890, the Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, a forerunner of the Populist Party, held its national convention in Ocala. At the convention, the Alliance adopted a platform that would become known as the "Ocala Demands". This platform included abolition of national banks, promoting low-interest government loans, free and unlimited coinage of silver, reclamation of excess railroad lands by the government, a graduated income tax, and direct election of United States senators. Most of the "Ocala Demands" were to become part of the Populist Party platform.[citation needed]
20th-century establishment as horse capital[edit]
The first thoroughbred horse farm in Florida was developed in Marion County in 1943 by Carl G. Rose. Other farms were developed, making Ocala the center of a horse-breeding area. Local horses have won individual races of the Triple Crown series; in 1978 Affirmed, bred and trained in Marion County, won all three races, boosting interest in the industry here.
Ocala is one of only five cities (four in the US and one in France) permitted under Chamber of Commerce guidelines to use the title, "Horse Capital of the World", based on annual revenue produced by the horse industry. 44,000 jobs are sustained by breeding, training, and related support of the equine industry, which generates over $2.2 billion in annual revenue. Postime Farms and Ocala serve as host to one of the largest horse shows in the country: H.I.T.S or "Horses in the Sun", a Dressage/Jumper event lasting about two months. It generates some 6 to 7 million dollars for the local Marion County economy each year. The show features classes for over 100 different breeds, including Tennessee Walker, Paso Fino, Morgan horse, SaddleBred, Draft horse and the American Quarter Horse. Other equine events in the area include cowboy mounted shooting by the Florida Outlaws, as well as endurance rides, barrel races, "extreme" cowboy events, jumper shows, trick shows, parades, draft pulls, rodeo events and more.
Growth[edit]
Fort King Street in c. 1920
In the last decades of the twentieth century, the greater Ocala area had one of the highest growth rates in the country for a city its size. The population of Marion County in 2000 was more than 250,000, up from under 100,000 in 1975.
Ocala Historic District[edit]
Many historic homes are preserved in Ocala's large residential Historic District, designated in 1984. East Fort King Street features many excellent examples of Victorian architecture. Ocala structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places include the Coca Cola Building, the E. C. Smith House, East Hall, the Marion Hotel, Mount Zion A.M.E. Church, the Ritz Historic Inn, and Union Train Station.
The original Fort King site was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2004.
Government and politics[edit]
Ocala is governed by a five-member board of councillors and a mayor, all of which are elected on a nonpartisan basis. It has a council-manager form of government, relying on a manager hired by the city. The mayor sets policy but has few powers other than vetoing legislation passed by the council and tending to some duties involving the police department. The city manager handles most administrative and financial matters.[10]
Although a small majority of the city's registered voters are Democrats,[11] Ocala voters have elected many Republicans to office. Many conservative whites have shifted to the Republican Party since the late 20th century. In the 2008 presidential election, John McCain carried both the city and the county, the latter by a landslide, although Florida as a whole voted for Democrat Barack Obama by a narrow margin.[12]
Geography[edit]
Silver Springs State Park
Ocala is located at 29°11′16″N 82°07′50″W / 29.187704°N 82.130613°W / 29.187704; -82.130613.[13]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 38.63 square miles (100.1 km2), all land. The surrounding farms are famous for their thoroughbred horses, in terrain similar to Kentucky bluegrass. Ocala is also known for nearby Silver Springs, Florida, site of one of the largest artesian spring formations in the world and Silver Springs Nature Theme Park, one of the earliest tourist attractions in Florida.
The 110-mile (180 km) long Ocklawaha River flows north from Central Florida until it joins the St. Johns River near Palatka, Florida.
Marion County is also home to the Ocala National Forest which was established in 1908 and is now the second largest national forest in the state. The Florida Trail, also known as the Florida National Scenic Trail, cuts through Ocala National Forest.[14] Silver Springs State Park was formed as Silver River State Park in 1987, out of land the state purchased around the Silver Springs attraction to spare it from development. The state took over Silver Springs itself in 1993 and incorporated it into the park in 2013.[15]
Climate[edit]
Ocala has two distinct seasons: the dry season (October–May) and the wet season (June–September). During the dry season, there is almost uninterrupted sunshine with very little rainfall. In January, the morning low temperatures are often in the 30s and 40s, but the cloudless sunny weather typically warms the dry air up to near 70 by the afternoon. During the wet season, afternoon thunderstorms are a daily occurrence. These storms are often severe (unofficially, Ocala is known to have more cloud-to-ground lightning per square mile than any other city in the world).[citation needed] The typical morning low temperatures during the wet season are in the 70s and typical daytime high temperatures are in the 90s. Due to the city being relatively far away from the moderating influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, Ocala's summertime high temperatures are often the highest in the state while winter night temperatures are often the lowest compared to other cities on the peninsula.[citation needed]
[hide]Climate data for Ocala, Florida (1981–2010 normals)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
88
(31) 90
(32) 97
(36) 98
(37) 102
(39) 105
(41) 104
(40) 103
(39) 101
(38) 98
(37) 94
(34) 90
(32) 105
(41)
Average high °F (°C)
71.3
(21.8) 74.5
(23.6) 78.9
(26.1) 84.0
(28.9) 89.8
(32.1) 92.2
(33.4) 93.2
(34) 92.6
(33.7) 90.5
(32.5) 85.3
(29.6) 78.6
(25.9) 72.6
(22.6) 83.6
(28.7)
Average low °F (°C)
44.8
(7.1) 47.5
(8.6) 51.7
(10.9) 56.2
(13.4) 63.2
(17.3) 69.7
(20.9) 71.4
(21.9) 71.6
(22) 69.2
(20.7) 61.8
(16.6) 53.5
(11.9) 47.0
(8.3) 59.0
(15)
Record low °F (°C)
11
(−12) 12
(−11) 23
(−5) 30
(−1) 44
(7) 48
(9) 58
(14) 60
(16) 45
(7) 32
(0) 22
(−6) 15
(−9) 11
(−12)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
3.17
(80.5) 3.27
(83.1) 4.56
(115.8) 2.40
(61) 2.98
(75.7) 7.42
(188.5) 6.71
(170.4) 6.32
(160.5) 6.07
(154.2) 3.03
(77) 2.10
(53.3) 2.57
(65.3) 50.6
(1,285.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
8.5 7.7 8.0 5.6 6.5 14.5 15.4 17.5 12.3 7.8 6.5 7.1 117.4
Source: NOAA (extremes 1893–present)[16]
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1850 243 —
1870 600 —
1880 803 33.8%
1890 2,904 261.6%
1900 3,380 16.4%
1910 4,370 29.3%
1920 4,914 12.4%
1930 7,281 48.2%
1940 8,986 23.4%
1950 11,741 30.7%
1960 13,598 15.8%
1970 22,583 66.1%
1980 37,170 64.6%
1990 42,045 13.1%
2000 45,943 9.3%
2010 56,315 22.6%
Est. 2016 59,253 [3] 5.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]
As of the 2010 through 2014 census, Ocala was 63.3% non Hispanic white, 20.4% African American, 11.7% Hispanic or Latino, 2.6% Asian, 2% all other.[18] As of the census of 2000, there were 45,943 people, 18,646 households, and 11,280 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,189.2 per square mile (459.2/km2). There were 20,501 housing units at an average density of 530.7 per square mile (204.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 72.86% White, 22.14% African American, 0.36% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.81% from other races, and 1.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.74% of the population.
There were 18,646 households. 40.9% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the city the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.
Economy[edit]
The median income for a household in the city was $30,888, and the median income for a family was $38,190. Males had a median income of $29,739 versus $24,367 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,021. About 13.2% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.
Ocala is the headquarters of Emergency One, a worldwide designer and manufacturer of fire rescue vehicles.
Top employers[edit]
According to Ocala's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[19] the top employers in the city are:
#
Employer
# of employees
1 Marion County Public Schools 6,070
2 Munroe Regional Medical Center 2,648
3 State of Florida 2,600
4 Walmart 2,370
5 Ocala Regional Medical Center & West Marion Community Hospital 2,200
6 Publix 1,488
7 Marion County Government 1,368
8 AT&T 1,000
9 City of Ocala 989
10 Lockheed Martin 981
The Ocala Pumpkin Run[edit]
The Ocala Pumpkin Run Classic Car Show and Fall Festival takes place each year on the 400 acre Castro Farm just off Highway 27 and has become a premier destination car show, hosting more than 1,000 classics and customs each year and spectators from all over the southeast. Marion County proclaimed October as ‘Ocala Pumpkin Run Month’ due to the impact the event has had on the community each year.[20]
Taylor, Bean & Whitaker[edit]
Ocala was the headquarters of Taylor, Bean & Whitaker, formerly a 2,000-employee top-10 wholesale mortgage lending firm, and the fifth-largest issuer of GNMA securities, that ceased business operations in 2011 due to investigations relating to fraudulent activity.[21]
ABCO Transportation[edit]
Ocala is the headquarters of ABCO Transportation.
Education[edit]
The public schools in Ocala are run by the Marion County School Board. There are 30 elementary, ten middle and ten public high schools in Marion County, which include the following schools in Ocala:
Elementary schools
Anthony Elementary School
College Park
Dr. N. H. Jones
Eighth Street
Evergreen
Greenway
Ward-Highlands
Wyomina Park
Emerald Shores Elementary School
Fessenden Elementary School
Fort McCoy School (K–8)
Hammett Bowen Jr. Elementary School
Madison Street Academy of Visual and Performing Arts (Magnet)
Maplewood Elementary School
Marion Oaks Elementary School
Oakcrest Elementary School
Ocala Springs Elementary School
Reddick-Collier Elementary School
Saddlewood Elementary School
Shady Hill Elementary School
South Ocala Elementary School
Sparr Elementary School
Sunrise Elementary School
Middle schools
Fort King
Howard
Liberty Middle School
Horizon Academy at Marion Oaks (5–8)
Osceola Middle School
North Marion Middle School
High schools
Forest
Marion Technical Institute
Vanguard
West Port
Francis Marion Military Academy
North Marion High School
Lake Weir High School
Private schools
Ambleside School Of Ocala grades K–8[22]
Blessed Trinity School grades K–9
Children's Palace East & Academy grades K–2
The Cornerstone School grades PK-8[23]
Crossroads Academy grades 3–12
Grace Academy Grades K–2
Grace Christian School grades PK–8
Meadowbrook Academy grades K–12[24]
Montessori Preparatory School grades K–5
New Generation School grades K–12
Ocala Christian Academy grades PK–12[25]
Ocean's High School grades PK–12
Promiseland Academy grades K–7
First Assembly Christian School grades K–9[26]
The Reading Clinic grades 2–6
Redeemer Christian School grades K–9
The Rock Academy grades PK–9
The School of the Kingdom grades 1–12
Shiloh SDA Church School[27]
Belleview Christian Academy grades PK–12
St John Lutheran School grades PK–12
Trinity Catholic grades 9–12
Colleges and universities[edit]
Ocala is home to the College of Central Florida, a member of the Florida College System, accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. CF offers bachelor's degrees in Business and Organizational Management, Early Childhood Education, and Nursing, as well as associate degrees and certificates. The college offers specialty programs in equine studies, agribusiness, and logistics.[28] It also has one of 21 campuses of Rasmussen College, a Higher Learning Commission regionally accredited post secondary institution.[29][30] Webster University offers on-site, regionally accredited graduate degree programs in business and counseling at their Ocala Metropolitan Campus.[31]
Libraries[edit]
Three of the eight libraries in the Marion County Public Library System are located in Ocala.[32] Those three libraries are:
Freedom Public Library
Marion Oaks Public Library
Ocala Public Library - Headquarters for the Marion County Public Library System.
All-America City[edit]
In 1995, Ocala was named an All-America City Award winner.[33]
Sister cities[edit]
See also: List of sister cities in Florida
Ocala has two sister cities:
Newbridge, County Kildare, in Ireland[34] (2008)
Pisa and San Rossore in Italy[35] (2004)
Transportation[edit]
Major roads[edit]
Eastbound SR 40 as it approaches US 27-301-441 in Ocala.
Several major highways pass through Ocala, including Interstate 75, U.S. Highway 27, U.S. Route 301, and U.S. Highway 441. Ocala was on the western leg of the historic Dixie Highway.
See also: List of county roads in Marion County, Florida
Interstate 75 runs north and south across the western edge of the city, with interchanges at SR 200 (exit 350), SR 40 (exit 352), and US 27 (exit 354).
U.S. Route 27 runs north and south throughout Ocala. It is multiplexed with US 301 and 441 until it reaches SR 492(Northwest 10th Street), then makes a sharp turn onto NW 10th Street then curves northwest through Williston, Perry, Tallahassee, and beyond.
U.S. Route 301 is the main local north and south road through Ocala. It is multiplexed with US 27 until it reaches Northwest 10th Street, and with US 441 throughout the city.
U.S. Route 441 is the main local north and south road through Ocala. It is multiplexed with US 27 until it reaches Northwest 10th Street, and with US 301 throughout the city.
State Road 492 runs east and west through the northern part of the city from the northern terminus of the US 27 multiplex with US 301–441 to SR 40 just southwest of the Silver Springs city limit.
State Road 40 runs east and west through Ocala. It spans from Rainbow Lakes Estates through Ocala National Forest to Ormond Beach in Volusia County, although a bi-county extension exists, spanning from Yankeetown in Levy County to Dunnellon, south of the western terminus of SR 40.
State Road 464 runs east and west from SR 200 through the southeastern part of the city. Beyond the city limits, it continues southeast towards State Road 35, and continues as County Road 464.
State Road 200 runs northeast and southwest from Hernando in Citrus County through US 27-301-441 where it becomes a "hidden state road" along US 301 until it reaches Callahan, and is multiplexed with SR A1A into Fernandina Beach.
Other transportation[edit]
Ocala International Airport provides general aviation services to the community. Ocala Suntran provides bus service throughout select parts of the city. One of the major hubs for Suntran is the former Ocala Union Station, which served Amtrak trains until November 2004. Amtrak serves Ocala by bus connection to Jacksonville and Lakeland. Ocala is also served by Greyhound Bus Lines.
Notable people[edit]
Antonio Allen – NFL player
Arthur I. Appleton – businessman, racehorse owner
Elizabeth Ashley – actress
Tony Beckham – NFL cornerback
Brittany Bowe – speed skater
Emery N. Brown – Anesthesiologist and Neuroscientist
Farris Bryant – former Governor
Daunte Culpepper – NFL quarterback
Caydee Denney – figure skater
Haven Denney – figure skater
Drayton Florence – NFL cornerback
Dory Funk Jr. – professional wrestler
Don Garlits – professional drag racer
Santana Garrett - professional wrestler
Joey Gilmore – blues musician[36]
Troy Glaus – former Major League Baseball player
Mitch Harris – Major League Baseball pitcher
Val James – professional ice hockey player
Eddie Johnson - NBA Basketball player
Frank Johnson - NBA Basketball player
Travis Mays – basketball player[37]
Buddy McKay – former Governor
Jeremy McKinnon – musician
Chris Meffert – politician
Maxey Dell Moody – businessman
Sloman Moody – physician and farmer
Steve Morse – composer/guitarist
Reid Nichols – Major League Baseball player
Martha O'Driscoll – actress
Patrick O'Neal – actor
Ted Potter, Jr. – professional golfer
Kelly Preston – actress
Jason Schappert – flight instructor
Lamar Thomas – NFL player and commentator
Mava Lee Thomas – All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
Lee James – Olympic weightlifter 1976 silver medalist
John Travolta – actor
Jim Williams – former Lt. Governor
Walter Ray Williams, Jr. – professional PBA bowler
Tyrone Young – NFL wide receiver
Notable musical groups[edit]
The Royal Guardsmen – band originating in the 1960s
Wage War - metalcore band
A Day to Remember – pop-punk/post-hardcore/metalcore band
Fine arts[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Marion Theater
Ocala Symphony Orchestra
Ocala Civic Theatre
Fine Arts for Ocala, Inc. (FAFO)
The Ocala Outdoor Sculpture Competition
First Friday Art Walk
West Port High School offers an arts-affiliated magnet program known as MCCA (Marion County Center for the Arts), and it focuses on instructing students in the arts. It is one of the better known arts magnet programs in Florida.
See also[edit]
Florida portal
Appleton Museum of Art
Jumbolair
List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition
Ocala National Forest
Star-Banner
United Hebrews of Ocala
Sholom Park
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-08-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
Jump up ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Historic Highlights". City of Ocala. Archived from the original on January 14, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, Kevin; Jernigan, Ernest (2001). Ocala. p. 11. ISBN 0-7385-1377-6.
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Jump up ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "The Florida Trail in the Ocala National Forest". Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved November 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ "History". Thefriendsofsilverriver.org. Friends of Silver River. 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
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Jump up ^ [1] Archived March 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
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Jump up ^ Schoenberg, Tom (August 9, 2012). "BofA Can Pursue FDIC for Taylor Bean Fraud Losses, Judge Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A living education". Amblesideocala.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-14. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Home". Thecornerstoneschool.org. 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Meadowbrook Academy : Home". Mbaocala.org. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Home - Ocala Christian Academy". Ocacrusaders.com. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Ocala First Assembly of God - An A/G Church in North Central Florida - Ocala, FL". Ocalafirst.org. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ "Shiloh SDA Church School : Home". Antt40.adventistschoolconnect.org. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ "College of Central Florida". Cf.edu. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rasmussen College Campuses". Rasmussen.edu. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Accreditation". Rasmussen.edu. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Webster University: Webster University: Ocala Metro Campus". Webster.edu. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
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Jump up ^ "San Rossore Officially Sister City To Ocala". Thoroughbred Times. Retrieved July 16, 2007. "This event is just the beginning of a nice relationship between the city of Ocala and the city of Pisa and San Rossore," Fontanelli said in Italian during the ceremony.
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Jump up ^ Bohls, Kirk (13 May 2012). "Travis Mays - Horns' 'home run hire' - has hit the recruiting trail running". statesman.com. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ocala.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ocala, Florida.
City of Ocala, Florida
Historic Ocala Preservation Society
Marion County Library System
Ocala Banner, the East Florida Banner, and the Southern Sun, historical newspapers serving Ocala, Florida, full text and images openly online in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library
Ocala/Marion Chamber of Commerce
[show]
v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Marion County, Florida, United States
County seat: Ocala
Cities
Belleview
Dunnellon
Ocala
Towns
McIntosh
Reddick
CDPs
Silver Springs Shores
The Villages‡
Unincorporated
communities
Anthony
Blitchton
Boardman
Candler
Citra
Dallas
Early Bird
East Lake Weir
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text:
Anne of Green Gables
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the novel. For other uses, see Anne of Green Gables (disambiguation).
Anne of Green Gables
First edition.
Author
Lucy Maud Montgomery
Illustrator
M. A. and W. A. J. Claus
Country
Written and set in Canada, published in the United States[1][2]
Language
English
Series
Anne of Green Gables
Genre
Novel
Published
June 1908 (L.C. Page & Co.)[3]
Followed by
Anne of Avonlea
Text
Anne of Green Gables at Wikisource
Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L. M. Montgomery). Written for all ages, it has been considered a children's novel since the mid-twentieth century. It recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl who is mistakenly sent to Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, a middle-aged brother and sister who had intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island. The novel recounts how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts, in school, and within the town.
Since its publication, Anne of Green Gables has sold more than 50 million copies and has been translated into at least 36 languages. Montgomery wrote numerous sequels, and since her death, another sequel has been published, as well as an authorized prequel. The original book is taught to students around the world.[4]
The book has been adapted as films, made-for-television movies, and animated and live-action television series. Musicals and plays have also been created, with productions annually in Canada since 1964 of the first musical production, which has toured in Canada, the United States, Europe, and Japan.[5][6][7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Plot summary
3 Characters
4 Related works
5 Tourism and merchandising
6 Legacy and honours
7 Adaptations
7.1 Films
7.2 Literature
7.3 Radio productions
7.4 Stage productions
7.5 Television movies
7.6 Television series
7.7 Web productions
8 Parodies
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Background[edit]
The portrait of Evelyn Nesbit by Rudolf Eickemeyer Jr. which inspired Montgomery.[8]
In writing the novel, Montgomery was inspired by notes she had made as a young girl about a couple who were mistakenly sent an orphan girl instead of the boy they had requested yet decided to keep her. She drew upon her own childhood experiences in rural Prince Edward Island, Canada. Montgomery used a photograph of Evelyn Nesbit, which she had clipped from New York’s Metropolitan Magazine and put on the wall of her bedroom, as the model for the face of Anne Shirley and a reminder of her "youthful idealism and spirituality."[8]
Montgomery was also inspired by the "formula Ann" orphan stories (called such because they followed such a predictable formula) which were popular at the time and distinguished her character by spelling her name with an extra "e".[9][10] She based other characters, such as Gilbert Blythe, in part on people she knew. She said she wrote the novel in the twilight of the day, while sitting at her window and overlooking the fields of Cavendish.[11]
Plot summary[edit]
Anne attacks Gilbert
Anne Shirley, a young orphan from the fictional community of Bolingbroke, Nova Scotia (based upon the real community of New London, Prince Edward Island),[12][13] is sent to live with Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert, siblings in their fifties and sixties, after a childhood spent in strangers' homes and orphanages. Marilla and Matthew had originally decided to adopt a boy from the orphanage to help Matthew run their farm at Green Gables, which is set in the fictional town of Avonlea. Through a misunderstanding, the orphanage sends Anne instead.
Anne is highly imaginative, eager to please and, at times, quite a dramatic individual. However, she is defensive about her appearance, despising her red hair and pale, thin frame. She is often quite talkative, especially when it comes to describing her fantasies and dreams. At first, stern and sharp Marilla says Anne must return to the orphanage, but after much observation and considering, along with Matthew's strong liking to Anne, she decides to let her stay.
As a child of imagination, Anne takes much joy in life and adapts quickly, thriving in the close-knit farming village. Her imagination and talkativeness soon brighten up Green Gables.
The book recounts Anne's adventures in making a home: the country school where she quickly excels in her studies; her friendship with Diana Barry, the girl living next door (her best or "bosom friend" as Anne fondly calls her); her budding literary ambitions; and her rivalry with her classmate Gilbert Blythe, who teases her about her red hair. For that, he earns her instant hatred, although he apologizes many times. As time passes, Anne realizes she no longer hates Gilbert but cannot bring herself to speak to him.
The book also follows Anne's adventures with her new-found friends. Episodes include her play-time with her friends Diana, a calm girl named Jane Andrews and a good-natured but often hysterical girl called Ruby Gillis, and her run-ins with the unpleasant Pye sisters Gertie and Josie; and domestic mishaps such as dyeing her hair green while intending to dye it black, and accidentally getting Diana drunk by giving her what she thought was raspberry cordial but turned out to be currant wine.
At sixteen, Anne goes to Queen's Academy to earn a teaching license, along with Gilbert, Ruby, Josie, Jane, and several other students, excluding Diana much to Anne's dismay. She obtains her license in one year instead of the usual two and wins the Avery Scholarship for the top student in English. Her attainment of this scholarship would allow her to pursue a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree at the fictional Redmond College (based on the real Dalhousie University) on the mainland in Nova Scotia.
Near the end of the book however, tragedy strikes when Matthew dies of a heart attack after learning that all of his and Marilla's money has been lost in a bank failure. Out of devotion to Marilla and Green Gables, Anne gives up the scholarship to stay at home and help Marilla, whose eyesight is failing. She plans to teach at the Carmody school, the nearest school available, and return to Green Gables on weekends. In an act of friendship, Gilbert Blythe gives up his teaching position at the Avonlea School to work at the White Sands School instead, knowing that Anne wants to stay close to Marilla after Matthew's death. After this kind act, Anne and Gilbert's friendship is cemented, and Anne looks forward to what life will bring next.
Characters[edit]
Diana and Anne
Green Gables household:
Anne Shirley: An imaginative, talkative, red-headed orphan who comes to live with Matthew Cuthbert and Marilla Cuthbert. Anne is very sensitive and dislikes the color of her hair. She exhibits categorical interest in everything romantic.
Marilla Cuthbert: Matthew's sister, she is an austere but fair woman who objects to Anne's imaginative, unusual conduct on the grounds of its being part of the same group of behavioral misconducts that bring about dereliction of responsibility or produce a disrespectful personal image. Life experience with Anne, however, profoundly affects Marilla's ways; in a very early instance, she experiences first-hand how worthless a confession under duress could be. Although conservative and austere, she is fond of Anne and has the glimmerings of a sense of humor.
Matthew Cuthbert: Marilla's brother, he is an overly shy, albeit kind, old man with a lumbering frame and above-average strength. Matthew takes a liking to Anne from the start and the two become fast friends. Because Marilla has primary responsibility for rearing the girl, he has no qualms about "spoiling" her and indulging her in pretty clothes and other frivolities.
Anne's schoolmates:
Diana Barry: Anne's bosom friend and a kindred spirit. Anne and Diana become best friends from the moment they meet. She is the only girl of Anne's age who lives close to Green Gables. Anne admires Diana for being pretty and for her amiable disposition. Diana lacks Anne's powerful imagination but is a loyal friend.
Gilbert Blythe: A handsome, smart, witty and chivalrous classmate who has a crush on Anne the moment he sees her. Unaware of Anne's near-pathological sensitivity about her red hair, he tries to get Anne's attention by holding her braid and calling her "Carrots!" Anne's explosively hostile reaction only causes Gilbert to be more smitten. He makes several attempts to apologize, the failure of all of which do not seem to mar his admiration. He attempts to apologize one last time when he saves Anne from drowning; Anne crassly rebuffs this attempt, only to regret it almost immediately. Years later, he gives up his job offer of teaching at the Avonlea school so that Anne may live at Green Gables, upon which the two reconcile and become good friends.
Ruby Gillis: Another of Anne's friends. Having several "grown up" sisters, Ruby loves to share her knowledge of beaux with her friends. Ruby is portrayed as traditionally beautiful with long golden hair. She is hysterical and suffers from consumption (tuberculosis).
Jane Andrews: One of Anne's friends from school, she is plain and sensible. She does well enough academically to join Anne's class at Queen's.
Josie Pye: A classmate generally disliked by the other girls (as are her siblings), Josie is vain, dishonest, and jealous of Anne's popularity.
Avonlea's locals:
Mrs. Rachel Lynde: A neighbour of Matthew and Marilla, Mrs. Lynde is an amalgamation of vices and virtues. She is industrious and helpful, and does work for the church, yet she is famous for being nosy and condescending. Although she and Anne start off the wrong foot, owing to Mrs. Lynde's obnoxious criticism and Anne's lack of tolerance for such, as well as her temper, they soon become quite close. Mrs. Lynde is married and has raised ten children, although her husband, Thomas Lynde, is mentioned briefly and never speaks.
Mr. Phillips: Anne's first teacher at Avonlea, Mr. Phillips is unpopular with students, because of his boring and crude ways. In Anne's case, he continually misspells her name (without the "E") and punishes only her among twelve pupils who arrive late. He is described as lacking discipline, and "courts" one of his pupils openly (this was less frowned upon then as opposed to more contemporary times).
Miss Muriel Stacy: Anne's energetic replacement teacher. Her warm and sympathetic nature appeals to her students, but Avonlea's conservative parents disapprove of her liberal teaching methods. She forms a special relationship with Anne, who views her as a mentor. Miss Stacy encourages Anne to develop her character and intellect and helps prepare her for the entrance exam at Queen's Academy, where she finishes in a tie for first with Gilbert Blythe.
Reverend and Mrs. Allan: The minister and his wife also befriend Anne, with Mrs. Allan becoming particularly close. She is described as pretty.
Mr. & Mrs. Barry: Diana's parents. Mr. Barry farms. Near the end of the book, he offers to rent some tracts to help out Anne and Marilla, after Matthew's passing. Mrs. Barry has a severe personality, expecting her children to follow strict rules. After Anne accidentally gets Diana drunk, Mrs. Barry rejects the girl, forbidding Diana to have anything to do with Anne. This sanction is repealed after Anne saves Minnie May.
Minnie May Barry: Diana's baby sister, whose life is saved by Anne when she comes down with croup.
Others:
Miss Josephine Barry: Diana's great-aunt. Initially portrayed in a negative light, she is quickly charmed by Anne's imagination, and eventually invites her and Diana to tea. She refers to Anne as "the Anne-girl" and even sends Anne beaded slippers as a Christmas present.
Mrs Hammond: Anne had lived with her for a portion of her pre-Green-Gables life. She was very mean as a result of her husband′s death. Anne was treated more as a maid in her home than as a daughter or friend.
Related works[edit]
Based on the popularity of her first book, Montgomery wrote a series of sequels to continue the story of her heroine Anne Shirley. They are listed chronologically below, by Anne's age in each of the novels.
Lucy Maud Montgomery's books on Anne Shirley:
# Book Date published Anne Shirley's age Timeline year
1 Anne of Green Gables 1908 11—16 1876-1881
2 Anne of Avonlea 1909 16—18 1881-1883
3 Anne of the Island 1915 18—22 1883-1887
4 Anne of Windy Poplars (Canada and USA)
Anne of Windy Willows (UK and Australia) 1936 22—25 1887-1890
5 Anne's House of Dreams 1917 25—27 1890-1892
6 Anne of Ingleside 1939 34—40 1899-1905
The following books focus on Anne's children, or on other family friends. Anne appears in these volumes, but plays a lesser part.
# Book Date published Anne Shirley's age Timeline year
7 Rainbow Valley 1919 41—43 1906-1908
8 Rilla of Ingleside 1921 49—53 1914-1918
9 The Blythes Are Quoted 2009 40—75 1905-1940
Anne Shirley features in one story (and is referenced in other stories) in each of the following collections:
# Book Date published Anne Shirley's age Timeline year
— Chronicles of Avonlea 1912 approx. 20 1885
— Further Chronicles of Avonlea 1920 approx. 20 1885
The prequel, Before Green Gables (2008), was written by Budge Wilson with authorization of heirs of L. M. Montgomery.
Tourism and merchandising[edit]
The Green Gables farmhouse located in Cavendish
Sign marking trail through Balsam Hollow
The province and tourist facilities have highlighted the local connections to the internationally popular novels. Anne of Green Gables has been translated into 36 languages.[14][15] "Tourism by Anne fans is an important part of the Island economy".[16] Merchants offer items based on the novels.
The Green Gables farmhouse is located in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island. Many tourist attractions on Prince Edward Island have been developed based on the fictional Anne, and provincial licence plates once bore her image.[17] Balsam Hollow, the forest that inspired the Haunted Woods and Campbell Pond, the body of water which inspired The Lake of Shining Waters, both described in the book, are located in the vicinity.[18] In addition, the Confederation Centre of the Arts has featured the wildly successful Anne of Green Gables musical on its mainstage every summer for over five decades.[19] The Anne of Green Gables Museum is located in Park Corner, PEI, in a home that inspired L.M. Montgomery.[20]
The novel has been very popular in Japan, where it is known as Red-haired Anne,[21][22] and where it has been included in the national school curriculum since 1952. 'Anne' is revered as "an icon" in Japan, especially since 1979 when this story was broadcast as anime, Anne of Green Gables. Japanese couples travel to Prince Edward Island to have civil wedding ceremonies on the grounds of the Green Gables farm. Some Japanese girls arrive as tourists with red-dyed hair styled in pigtails, to look like Anne.[23] In 2014, Asadora 'Hanako to Anne' (Hanako Muraoka is the first translator in Japan) was broadcast and Anne became popular among old and young alike.
A replica of the Green Gables house in Cavendish is located in the theme park Canadian World in Ashibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. The park was a less expensive alternative for Japanese tourists instead of traveling to P.E.I. The park hosted performances featuring actresses playing Anne and Diana. The theme park is open during the summer season with free admission, though there are no longer staff or interpreters.[24]
The Avonlea theme park near Cavendish and the Cavendish Figurines shop have trappings so that tourists may dress like the book's characters for photos.[25] Souvenir shops throughout Prince Edward Island offer numerous foods and products based on details of the 'Anne Shirley' novels. Straw hats for girls with sewn-in red braids are common, as are bottles of raspberry cordial soda.[26] In the first book, Lucy Maud Montgomery established the cordial soda as the favorite beverage of Anne, who declares: "I just love bright red drinks!"
Panorama of Green Gable farmhouse and grounds in Cavendish
Entrance to Anne of Green Gables Museum in Park Corner
Legacy and honours[edit]
Buildings
The popularity of the books and subsequent film adaptations is credited with inspiring the design and naming of buildings "Green Gables". An example still standing is an apartment block called "Green Gables" built in the 1930s, in New Farm, Queensland, Australia.[27]
Museum
Bala's Museum, located in Bala, Ontario, Canada, is a house museum established in 1992 and dedicated to Lucy M. Montgomery information and heritage. The house was a tourist home owned by Fanny Pike when Montgomery and her family stayed there on a summer vacation in 1922. That visit to the region inspired the novel The Blue Castle (1926).[28] The town is named Deerwood in the novel; this was Montgomery's only narrative setting outside Atlantic Canada.[29][30][31]
Postage stamps
On May 15, 1975, Canada Post issued Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables designed by Peter Swan and typographed by Bernard N.J. Reilander. The 8¢ stamps are perforated 13 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited.[32]
In 2008, Canada Post issued two postage stamps and a souvenir sheet honouring Anne and the "Green Gables" house.[33]
Reading lists
In 2003, Anne of Green Gables was ranked number 41 in The Big Read, a survey of the British public by BBC to determine the "nation's best-loved novel" (not children's novel).[34]
In 2012, it was ranked number nine among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S. audience.[35]
Adaptations[edit]
Films[edit]
Anne of Green Gables (1919), a silent film adapted to the screen by Frances Marion, directed by William Desmond Taylor, and starring Mary Miles Minter as Anne; this is considered a lost film.
Anne of Green Gables (1934), black & white "talkie" directed by George Nichols Jr. and starring Dawn O'Day as Anne Shirley; after filming, O'Day changed her screen name to "Anne Shirley".
Anne of Windy Poplars (1940) – directed by Jack Hively, is a black & white "talkie" starring Dawn O'Day as Anne Shirley, now billed as "Anne Shirley".
Anne of Green Gables (as of 2017), an upcoming feature film version of Anne of Green Gables: The Musical.[36]
Literature[edit]
Ana of California: A Novel (2015), by Andi Teran, is a “contemporary spin on Anne of Green Gables. The lead character of Anne Shirley has been adapted to Ana Cortez, a 15-year-old orphan who "can't tell a tomato plant from a blackberry bush" when she leaves East Los Angeles for the Northern California farm of Emmett and Abbie Garber.[37]
Radio productions[edit]
Anne of Green Gables (1941), a British radio drama produced and broadcast by BBC Home Service Basic, adapted into four parts by Muriel Levy, and starring Cherry Cottrell as Anne.[4]
Anne of Green Gables (1944), a recreation of the 1941 BBC Radio drama, produced and broadcast by BBC Home Service Basic.[38]
Anne of Green Gables (1954), a Canadian radio drama produced and broadcast by CBC Radio, adapted into 13 parts by Andrew Allen and starring Toby Tarnow as Anne.[39]
Anna zo Zeleného domu (1966), a Slovak radio drama produced and broadcast by Czechoslovak Radio, starring Anna Bučinská as Anne.[40]
Anne of Green Gables (1971), a British radio drama produced and broadcast by BBC Radio 4, adapted into 13 parts by Cristina Sellors, and read by Ann Murray.[41]
Anne of Green Gables (1997), a British radio drama produced and broadcast by BBC Radio 4, dramatized into five parts by Marcy Kahan and starred Barbara Barnes as Anne.[42]
Stage productions[edit]
Anne of Green Gables: The Musical, performed annually in the summer, at Charlottetown Festival, since 1965, this is Canada's longest-running main stage musical production, and has had a total audience of more than 2 million.[43][44][45] Anne of Green Gables – The Musical was composed by Canadians Don Harron and Norman Campbell, with lyrics by Elaine Campbell and Mavor Moore. The production has been performed before Queen Elizabeth II and it has toured across Canada, the United States, and Europe. In 1969, it had a run in London's West End. The Charlottetown Festival production performed at the 1970 World's Fair in Osaka, Japan. Walter Learning directed and organized a successful national tour of the musical in Japan in 1991.[46]
The Guild in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, hosts Anne and Gilbert, The Musical. Written by Nancy White, Bob Johnston, and Jeff Hochhauser, the production is based on Montgomery's sequels featuring Anne Shirley.[47]
The Nine Lives of L.M. Montgomery, a musical adapted from Montgomery's novel and her life, opened at Kings Playhouse in Georgetown, Prince Edward Island on June 20, 2008, the 100th anniversary of the book's publication. With book and lyrics by Adam-Michael James and music by Emmy-nominated composer Leo Marchildon, the musical depicts events from Montgomery’s life and features as characters heroines from all of her novels. Anne figures prominently, and is shown from age 12 into her 40s. Gilbert Blythe also appears. The show’s second production was at the Carrefour Theatre in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island and opened July 11, 2009. Both years, the musical was nominated for The Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage Foundation's Wendell Boyle Award. In July 2010, a concert version of the show toured Prince Edward Island, with four performances at Green Gables.[48]
Theatreworks USA, a New York-based children's theatre company, produced an Anne of Green Gables musical in 2006 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre. A revived production, with musical contributions from Gretchen Cryer, is planned to tour grade-schools.[49]
The Peterborough Players, based in Peterborough, New Hampshire, staged an adaptation by Joseph Robinette of Anne of Green Gables in August 2009.[50]
Anne and Gilbert is a musical adaptation of the books Anne of Avonlea and Anne of the Island. It depicts the relationship of Anne and Gilbert during their years as teachers and college students, as well as their return to Avonlea.[51]
Television movies[edit]
Anne of Green Gables (1956), a made-for-television musical version directed by Norman Campbell and starring Toby Tarnow as Anne.
Anne de Green Gables (1957), a French-Canadian television film directed by Jacques Gauthier, starring Mireille Lachance as Anne Shirley.
Anne of Green Gables (1958), a recreation of the 1956 film directed by Don Harron, starring Kathy Willard as Anne.
Anne of Green Gables (1972), a British made-for-television 5-part mini-series directed by Joan Craft, starring Kim Braden as Anne.
Anne of Avonlea (1975), a British made-for-television 4-part mini-series directed by Joan Craft, starring Kim Braden as Anne.
Anne of Green Gables (1985), a CBC 4-hour television mini series directed by Kevin Sullivan with Megan Follows as Anne.
Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel (1987), a sequel to the 1985 miniseries which aired on CBC and the Disney Channel as Anne of Avonlea: The Continuing Story of Anne of Green Gables.
Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story (2000), a television miniseries inaccurately[neutrality is disputed] based upon the novels.
Anne: Journey to Green Gables (2005), an animated video film produced by Sullivan Entertainment and the prequel to Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2001–2002)
Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning (2008), a television miniseries whose script is not based on the novels.
L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (2016), a 90-minute made-for-television adaptation of the book by Breakthrough Films & Television, which began filming in Toronto in May 2015.[52][53] Casting was held in February 2015.[54] (This replaces the previously announced 13-part series that had been set to film in 2013).[55] It was adapted by Susan Coyne, directed by John Kent Harrison, and stars Ella Ballentine as Anne.[56] The world premiere of the film, advertised under the abbreviated title Anne of Green Gables, on February 15, 2016 on YTV.
Anne of Green Gables: The Good Stars aired on YTV on February 20, 2017.
Anne of Green Gables: Fire & Dew, aired July 1, 2017 on YTV.
Television series[edit]
Anne as she appeared in the 1979 Japanese anime adaptation of Anne of Green Gables.
Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series
Anne of Green Gables (1952), a BBC television series starring Carole Lorimer as Anne.[57]
Akage no An (1979; Red-Haired Anne), an animated television series, part of Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater, produced in Japan and directed by Isao Takahata.
Road to Avonlea (1990–1996) shown on CBC, a live-action television series produced by Kevin Sullivan, based upon characters and episodes from several of L.M. Montgomery's books, excluding Anne Shirley. Gilbert Blythe, Marilla Cuthbert, Rachel Lynde and other characters from the Anne books are included, and the series is set within the same continuity as Sullivan's 1980s miniseries.
Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2000), a PBS Kids animated series for older children ages eight to twelve, created by Sullivan Entertainment Inc.
Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables (2009), part of the World Masterpiece Theater, this prequel to Akage no An is based on Budge Wilson's authorized prequel Before Green Gables (2008).
Anne (2017), an eight-part TV series produced and broadcast by CBC in Canada and Netflix worldwide (under the title "Anne with an E").[58][59]
Web productions[edit]
Green Gables Fables (2014–2016), an American-Canadian web series which conveys the story in the form of Tumblr posts, tweets, vlogs, and other social media. It is a modern adaptation of Anne of Green Gables and Anne of the Island, with many of its elements changed to better suit 21st-century culture. Mandy Harmon portrays the main character, Anne Shirley.[60]
Project Green Gables (2015–2016), a Finnish web series and a modern adaptation of Anne of Green Gables, which conveys the story in the form of vlogs. Laura Eklund Nhaga plays Anne Shirley.[61]
Parodies[edit]
As one of the most familiar characters in Canadian literature, Anne of Green Gables has been parodied by several Canadian comedy troupes, including CODCO (Anne of Green Gut) and The Frantics (Fran of the Fundy).
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Montgomery, Lucy Maud (2004) [1908]. Devereux, Cecily Margaret, ed. Anne of Green Gables. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press. ISBN 1-55111-362-7.
Jump up ^ "'Anne of Green Gables' 1st edition sells at auction for US$37,000, a new record". The Guardian. December 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Mollins, Julie (March 19, 2008). "New Anne of Green Gables book stirs debate". Reuters Life!. Toronto.
Jump up ^ "Anne of Green Gables New TV Series • Willow and Thatch". Willow and Thatch. 2016-08-24. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
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^ Jump up to: a b Gammel, Irene (2009). Looking for Anne of Green Gables: The Story of L. M. Montgomery and her Literary Classic. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Jump up ^ "Anne of Green Gables".
Jump up ^ Gammel, Irene (July 8, 2008). Looking for Anne of Green Gables: The Story of L. M. Montgomery and Her Literary Classic. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-38237-7 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Gammel, Irene (2009). "The Mystery of Anne Revealed,". Looking for Anne of Green Gables: The Story of L. M. Montgomery and her Literary Classic. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Jump up ^ "The Geography of Anne of the Island". lmm-anne.net. 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Birthplace of L. M. Montgomery, New London". lmm-anne.net. 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23.
Jump up ^ Anne of Green Gables – Celebrate 100 Years Archived December 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
"Anne of Green Gables has sold millions of copies in more than 36 languages"
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Jump up ^ CBC News (June 19, 2008). CBC.ca, "100 years of Anne of Green Gables".
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Jump up ^ "Buttercups: L.M. Montgomery & Anne of Green Gables fan club in Japan" Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Yukazine, April 4, 2004
Jump up ^ Bruni, Frank (November 18, 2007). "Beckoned by Bivalves: Prince Edward Island". The New York Times
Jump up ^ "Anne of Green Gables theme park in Japan falls on hard times". CBC News. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "In search of Anne with some unexpected discoveries". State Library of Queensland. 2016-02-15. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "History: A look back at the last 20 years". Bala's Museum with Memories of Lucy Maud Montgomery. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
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Jump up ^ Bird, Elizabeth (July 7, 2012). "Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results". A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com). Retrieved October 30, 2015.
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Bibliography[edit]
Bustard, Ned (January 2009). Anne of Green Gables Comprehension Guide. Veritas Press. ISBN 978-1-932168-79-2.
Campbell, Norman (1972). Anne of Green Gables. Samuel French, Inc. ISBN 978-0-573-68002-1.
Gammel, Irene (2008). Looking for Anne of Green Gables: The Story of L.M. Montgomery and her Literary Classic. authorized by the heirs of L. M. Montgomery.
Gammel, Irene; Benjamin Lefebvre (May 30, 2010). Anne's World: A New Century of Anne of Green Gables. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-1106-1.
Montgomery, Lucy Maud (June 3, 2008). The Green Gables Collection. Doubleday Canada. ISBN 978-0-385-66599-5.
Teran, Andi (June 2015). Ana of California. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-312649-2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anne of Green Gables.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Anne of Green Gables
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Anne of Green Gables
The Anne of Green Gables and L. M. Montgomery Lexicon, collection of Anne book cover artwork, games, recipes, time line and more
Anne of Green Gables at Project Gutenberg
Anne of Green Gables at Faded Page (Canada)
Anne of Green Gables public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Anne of Green Gables Centenary
"L.M. Montgomery Research Centre", University of Guelph Library Archival & Special Collections.
Anne of Green Gables at L.M. Montgomery Online Formerly the L.M. Montgomery Research Group
"Top 100 Children's Novels #9". School Library Journal Blog. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
Anne Shirley on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Lucy Maud Montgomery
Novels
Anne of Green Gables series
Anne of Green Gables (1908)
Anne of Avonlea (1909)
Anne of the Island (1915)
Anne of Windy Poplars (1936)
Anne's House of Dreams (1917)
Anne of Ingleside (1939)
Rainbow Valley (1919)
Rilla of Ingleside (1921)
Emily trilogy
Emily of New Moon (1923)
Emily Climbs (1925)
Emily's Quest (1927)
Pat of Silver Bush
Pat of Silver Bush (1932)
Mistress Pat (1935)
The Story Girl
The Story Girl (1911)
The Golden Road (1913)
Miscellaneous
Kilmeny of the Orchard (1910)
The Blue Castle (1926)
Magic for Marigold (1929)
A Tangled Web (1931)
Jane of Lantern Hill (1937)
Short story collections
Chronicles of Avonlea (1912)
Further Chronicles of Avonlea (1920)
The Blythes Are Quoted (2009)
Poetry
The Watchman & Other Poems (1916)
The Poetry of Lucy Maud Montgomery (1987)
Non-fiction
The Alpine Path: The Story of My Career (1917)
Courageous Women (1934) (with Marian Keith and Mabel Burns McKinley)
The Selected Journals of L. M. Montgomery, Vol. I–V (1985–2004)
[show]
v
t
e
The Anne of Green Gables series by L. M. Montgomery
Characters
Anne Shirley
Gilbert Blythe
Walter Blythe
Original novels
Anne of Green Gables (1908)
Anne of Avonlea (1909)
Anne of the Island (1915)
Anne of Windy Poplars (1936)
Anne's House of Dreams (1917)
Anne of Ingleside (1939)
Rainbow Valley (1919)
Rilla of Ingleside (1921)
Companion books
Chronicles of Avonlea (1912)
Further Chronicles of Avonlea (1920)
Before Green Gables (authorised prequel by Budge Wilson, 2008)
The Blythes Are Quoted (2009)
Films
Anne of Green Gables (1919)
Anne of Green Gables (1934)
Anne of Windy Poplars (1940)
Anne of Green Gables (1956)
Anne of Green Gables (1985)
Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel (1987)
Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story (2000)
Anne: Journey to Green Gables (2005)
Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning (2008)
L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (2016)
Television series
Anne of Green Gables (1972)
Anne of Avonlea (1975)
Anne of Green Gables (1979)
Road to Avonlea (1990-1996)
Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2000)
Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables (2009)
Anne (2017)
Stage
Anne of Green Gables: The Musical (since 1965)
Anne & Gilbert (since 2005)
Related articles
Avonlea
Green Gables
Authority control
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LCCN: no2010143485
GND: 4359421-9
BNF: cb14532211w (data)
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