text:
Catelyn Stark
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Catelyn Stark
A Song of Ice and Fire character
Game of Thrones character
Michelle Fairley as Catelyn Stark
First appearance
Novel:
A Game of Thrones (1996)
Television:
"Winter Is Coming" (2011)
Last appearance
Television:
"The Rains of Castamere" (2013)
Created by
George R. R. Martin
Portrayed by
Michelle Fairley
(Game of Thrones)
Information
Aliases
Cat
Lady Stoneheart
The Silent Sister
Mother Merciless
The Hangwoman
Gender
Female
Title
Lady of Winterfell
Family
House Tully
House Stark
Spouse(s)
Ned Stark
Children
Robb Stark
Sansa Stark
Arya Stark
Bran Stark
Rickon Stark
Relatives
Hoster Tully (father)
Minisa Whent (mother)
Lysa Tully (sister)
Edmure Tully (brother)
Robert/Robin Arryn (nephew)
Brynden Tully (uncle)
Kingdom
The Riverlands
The North
Catelyn Stark (née Tully) is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. She is a prominent point of view character in the novels.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Catelyn is the lady of Winterfell, an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional kingdom of Westeros. She was born into House Tully of Riverrun.
Catelyn is portrayed by Michelle Fairley on the HBO series Game of Thrones.[1] Jennifer Ehle was originally cast as Catelyn Stark and appeared in the unaired pilot, but left the series for family reasons before the first season began.[2][3] Fairley's portrayal of Catelyn has garnered critical acclaim, with many in particular praising her performance during the episode "The Rains of Castamere".[4] Due to this popularity, many fans were disappointed she did not appear in the series' fourth season, despite the character's resurrection in the novels.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Character description
2 Storylines
2.1 Book series
2.1.1 A Game of Thrones
2.1.2 A Clash of Kings
2.1.3 A Storm of Swords
2.1.4 A Feast for Crows
2.2 Family tree of House Stark
2.3 Television series
3 References
Character description[edit]
Catelyn Tully Stark is described as beautiful, with auburn hair, blue eyes, and long fingers, and dressed simply in the grey color of House Stark or the blue and red of her father’s House Tully. She is proud, strong, kind, and generous, has a strong grasp of politics, and is often governed by the desire to protect her children. Catelyn is usually in accord with her husband Eddard Stark, but resents his admission of his illegitimate son Jon Snow into their household.
Storylines[edit]
Coat of arms of House Tully and House Stark
Book series[edit]
A Game of Thrones[edit]
After the royal party arrives at Winterfell, Catelyn receives a letter from her sister Lysa Arryn stating that the Lannisters had killed her husband Jon Arryn, the king's 'Hand' (second-in-command). King Robert Baratheon persuades Eddard to take his place. When her son Bran is injured and goes into a coma, she sits by his bed until they are attacked by an assassin who has come to kill Bran. Catelyn is wounded in the attack, and travels to King's Landing to warn Eddard after recovering. There, her childhood companion Petyr Baelish tells her that the dagger used in the attack belongs to Tyrion Lannister. On her way back to Winterfell, she takes Tyrion to her sister at the Eyrie for trial, where Tyrion escapes execution by demanding and winning a trial by combat. After the news of Eddard's execution by order of King Joffrey reaches Catelyn, she argues for peace, but is overruled by the newly crowned King Robb and his bannermen.
A Clash of Kings[edit]
Catelyn advises against Robb's plan to send Eddard's former ward, Theon Greyjoy, to forge an alliance with Balon Greyjoy. Catelyn is sent by Robb to attempt an alliance with Renly Baratheon and his massive Reach-Stormlands host. Catelyn meets Renly at Bitterbridge and follows his host to the ancestral Baratheon seat of Storm's End, where she witnesses first the unsuccessful parley between Renly and his older brother and rival claimant Stannis, and then Renly's subsequent murder later that night by a shadow creature. Afterwards, Catelyn flees with Brienne of Tarth, one of Renly's kingsguard, to Riverrun. Upon hearing of her younger sons' supposed murder at the hands of Theon Greyjoy, Catelyn goes to confront the captive Jaime Lannister. Although the novel ends her storyline ambiguously, it is revealed at the beginning of the third novel that Catelyn set him free and asked Brienne to escort him to King's Landing in an attempt to exchange him for her daughters, who were still captives of Joffrey. This, however, causes problems for Robb and costs him an ally, House Karstark, which had held grudges against the Lannisters.
A Storm of Swords[edit]
Catelyn's brother Edmure Tully places Catelyn under house arrest at Riverrun, but Robb pardons her after he announces his wedding to Jeyne Westerling, invalidating his marriage proposal to House Frey. Lord Walder Frey agrees to forgive Robb if Edmure marries his daughter Roslin, and Catelyn travels to the Frey seat of the Twins to attend the wedding with Robb and other northern lords. However, Walder Frey and his men take revenge on Robb for his slight on their house by slaughtering the northern host, an act of treachery that became known as the "Red Wedding". In an attempt to save her son's life, Catelyn takes Aegon Frey hostage and kills him when Roose Bolton kills Robb regardless, but she still has her throat slashed by Raymund Frey. Three days later, Catelyn is resurrected by Lord Beric Dondarrion, who sacrifices his life force to revive her. However, the period of time she spent deceased has caused Catelyn's body to decay; furthermore, upon her reanimation, she loses most of her previous personality, except for her hatred of House Frey. Catelyn then assumes command of Dondarrion's outlaw band, the Brotherhood Without Banners, and changes their aim to exterminating House Frey. Her uncompromising brutality earns her the moniker "Lady Stoneheart".
A Feast for Crows[edit]
Stoneheart and the Brotherhood come across a small party led by Brienne, who informs Stoneheart that she is searching for Sansa at Jaime Lannister's request. Stoneheart names Brienne a traitor because she carries Oathkeeper, a Lannister sword that was forged from Ned Stark's Valyrian steel blade, Ice. Brienne swears that she is still faithful, but Stoneheart insists she must prove it by killing Jaime, whom she believes played a role in the Red Wedding. Brienne refuses, even when threatened with a hanging. Just before Brienne is to be hanged, she shouts out a word.
Family tree of House Stark[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
Descendants of Rickard Stark
Rickard[a] Lyarra[b]
Brandon[a] Catelyn
Tully[c] Eddard[a] Lyanna[a][d] Benjen[a]
Robb[c] Jeyne
Westerling[e] Sansa[c] Tyrion
Lannister[f] Arya[c] Brandon[c] Rickon[c] Jon
Snow[c][d]
Notes:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Martin, George R. R. (1996). "Chapter 4: Eddard". A Game of Thrones. pp. 36–45. ISBN 978-0-553-89784-5.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R.; García Jr., Elio M.; Antonsson, Linda (2014). "Appendix: Stark Lineage". The World of Ice & Fire. ISBN 978-0-553-80544-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Martin. "Appendix: House Stark". A Game of Thrones. pp. 785–786.
^ Jump up to: a b In the TV series Game of Thrones, Jon is the son of Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 14: Catelyn". A Storm of Swords. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 28: Sansa". A Storm of Swords. pp. 382–393. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.
[show]
v
t
e
Family tree of House Tully
Hoster[a] Minisa
Whent[b][c] Brynden
"The Blackfish"[b]
3 sons[c] Catelyn[a] Eddard
Stark[a] Petyr
Baelish[d] Lysa[a] Jon
Arryn[a] Edmure[a] Roslin
Frey[e]
Robb
Stark[b] Sansa
Stark[b] Arya
Stark[b] Brandon
Stark[b] Rickon
Stark[b] Robert
Arryn[b]
Notes:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 2: Catelyn". A Storm of Swords. pp. 33–42. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Martin. "Appendix: House Tully". A Storm of Swords. pp. 1164–1165.
^ Jump up to: a b Martin, George R. R. (1998). "Chapter 33: Catelyn". A Clash of Kings. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-553-89785-2.
Jump up ^ Martin. "Chapter 68: Sansa". A Storm of Swords. pp. 927–945.
Jump up ^ Martin. "Chapter 51: Catelyn". A Storm of Swords. pp. 693–705.
Television series[edit]
In January 2007 HBO secured the rights to adapt Martin's series for television.[7][8] Jennifer Ehle was originally cast as Catelyn Stark and filmed her scenes in the unaired pilot until she eventually left for family reasons.[2][3] Michelle Fairley was then cast in the role which she played for three seasons. Catelyn's storyline diverges from the book following the Red Wedding; as of the sixth season, no mention has been made of Lady Stoneheart, Ser Beric Dondarrion has reappeared as the leader of the Brotherhood, and the two associated POV characters, Brienne and Jaime, have both gone through the Riverlands without encountering her. It is widely assumed she has been cut from the television adaptation.
Michelle Fairley's performance has received critical acclaim. Time wrote about "The Rains of Castamere": "Michelle Fairley’s fantastic performance captures the horror, with the edge of desperation, anguish, and madness of a woman who has lost her sons (she believes all of them), lost her grandchild, may have lost her daughters, and for all she knows, is witnessing the extinction of the house she belongs to...".[9] The closing scene of "Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things" was praised by HitFix's Alan Sepinwall, highlighting Michelle Fairley's acting as Catelyn gathers allies to arrest Tyrion.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 19, 2010). "Fairley to replace Ehle in HBO's 'Thrones'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 22, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (August 3, 2009). "Trio of actresses cast in TV projects". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Sepinwall, Alan (March 19, 2010). "'Game of Thrones' recasting: Ehle out, Fairley in". HitFix. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Game of Thrones: Michelle Fairley is shunned by the Emmy Awards, but the show picks up 17 nominations (Yahoo TV UK)
Jump up ^ Silman, Anna (June 16, 2014). "Book Fans Angered by Huge Game of Thrones Finale Omission". Vulture.com. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gupta, Prachi (June 16, 2014). ""Game of Thrones" director explains the Lady Stoneheart situation". Salon.com. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Radish, Christina (2013). "Producers David Benioff, Dan Weiss & George R.R. Martin Talk Game of Thrones Season 3 and 4, Martin’s Cameo, the End of the Series, and More". Collider.com. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (January 16, 2007). "HBO turns Fire into fantasy series". Variety. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ James, Poniewozik (June 3, 2013). "Game of Thrones Watch: So Close. So Far.". Time. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (May 8, 2011). "Review: 'Game of Thrones' – 'Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things': Wall stories". HitFix. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
[show]
v
t
e
George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire
A Game of Thrones (1996)
A Clash of Kings (1998)
A Storm of Swords (2000)
A Feast for Crows (2005)
A Dance with Dragons (2011)
The Winds of Winter (TBA)
Franchise media
Novellas
Tales of Dunk and Egg (1998–2010)
The Princess and the Queen (2013)
The Rogue Prince (2014)
The Sons of the Dragon (2017)
TV series
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Awards
Characters
Music
"Game of Thrones Theme"
"The Rains of Castamere"
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
"Light of the Seven"
Catch the Throne
Live Concert Experience
Soundtracks
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
Title sequence
After the Thrones
Thronecast
Video games
A Game of Thrones: Genesis
Game of Thrones (2012)
Game of Thrones Ascent
Game of Thrones (2014)
Other media
The World of Ice & Fire (2014)
Board game
Card game (Second edition)
Comic book series
Characters
Petyr Baelish
Joffrey Baratheon
Renly Baratheon
Robert Baratheon
Stannis Baratheon
Tommen Baratheon
Ramsay Bolton
Roose Bolton
Bronn
Gregor Clegane
Sandor Clegane
Khal Drogo
Gendry
Tormund Giantsbane
Gilly
Theon Greyjoy
Cersei Lannister
Jaime Lannister
Tyrion Lannister
Tywin Lannister
Oberyn Martell
Melisandre
Missandei
Jorah Mormont
Daario Naharis
Ellaria Sand
Davos Seaworth
Jon Snow
High Sparrow
Arya Stark
Bran Stark
Catelyn Stark
Ned Stark
Rickon Stark
Robb Stark
Sansa Stark
Daenerys Targaryen
Viserys Targaryen
Samwell Tarly
Brienne of Tarth
Margaery Tyrell
Olenna Tyrell
Varys
Ygritte
World
Languages
Dothraki
Valyrian
Themes
Iron Throne
White Walker
Miscellaneous
Fandom
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catelyn_Stark&oldid=801340686"
Categories:
A Song of Ice and Fire characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1996
Fictional assassinated people
Fictional characters with disfigurements
Fictional lords and ladies
Fictional outlaws
Revived fictional characters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Беларуская
Català
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Magyar
Norsk
Português
Română
Русский
Svenska
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 September 2017, at 02:50.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: href title

value: i

value: td

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: b

values:
/wiki/House_Tully
mw-redirect
House Tully

values:
/wiki/House_Stark
mw-redirect
House Stark

values:
/wiki/Hoster_Tully
mw-redirect
Hoster Tully

values:
/wiki/Edmure_Tully
mw-redirect
Edmure Tully

values:
/wiki/Robert_Arryn
mw-redirect
Robert Arryn

values:
/wiki/Brynden_Tully
mw-redirect
Brynden Tully

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

values:
/wiki/Fictional_character
mw-redirect
Fictional character

values:
/wiki/Eddard_Stark
mw-redirect
Eddard Stark

values:
/wiki/Valyrian_steel
mw-redirect
Valyrian steel

values: Edit section: Family tree of House Stark

values: Template talk:Family tree of Rickard Stark

values:
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
float:left; text-align:left

values:
/wiki/Rickard_Stark
mw-redirect
Rickard Stark

values: border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em

values:
/wiki/Lyanna_Stark
mw-redirect
Lyanna Stark

values:
/wiki/Benjen_Stark
mw-redirect
Benjen Stark

values:
/wiki/Jeyne_Westerling
mw-redirect
Jeyne Westerling

values: border-spacing: 0px; margin: 0 auto; font: 100% sans-serif;

values:
/wiki/Rhaegar_Targaryen
mw-redirect
Rhaegar Targaryen

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
navbox collapsible collapsed
width: 100%; margin: 1em auto;
collapsibleTable0

values: Template talk:Family tree of House Tully

values:
navbox collapsible collapsed
width: 100%; margin: 1em auto;
collapsibleTable1

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones

values: List of A Song of Ice and Fire video games

values: A Game of Thrones: Second Edition (card game)

values: List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:A Song of Ice and Fire characters

values: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1996

values: Category:Fictional characters with disfigurements

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Catelyn_Stark
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: كاتلين ستارك – Arabic

values: Кейтылін Старк – Belarusian

values: کتلین استارک – Persian

values: Кейтилин Старк – Russian

values: Кейтелін Старк – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Catelyn_Stark rootpage-Catelyn_Stark vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Kenneth Choi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other people with similar names, see Ken Choy and Ken Choi (singer).
This is a Korean name; the family name is Choi.
Kenneth Choi
Born
(1971-10-20) October 20, 1971 (age 46)
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Nationality
American
Occupation
Actor
Kenneth Choi (born October 20, 1971) is an American actor.[1] He is best known for playing Judge Lance Ito in The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016),[2] Chester Ming in Martin Scorsese's The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), and Henry Lin on the television series Sons of Anarchy (2008–2014). He is also known for his roles as Jim Morita and Principal Morita in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: The First Avenger (2011) and Spider-Man: Homecoming respectively, and Lewis on the FOX comedy series The Last Man on Earth.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Acting career
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
3.3 Video games
3.4 Music videos
4 References
5 External links
Early life[edit]
"Eventually I said, you know, ‘I’m going to give it a go, I’m going to try it’ and so I dropped out of school, I packed up all of my belongings, which was not much, [I] saved up enough money to buy a one-way Greyhound ticket and I came out West."
—Kenneth Choi[4]
Choi was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Korean immigrants.[4] His father worked as an electrical engineering professor and businessman. His mother was a registered nurse before becoming a stay-at-home mother. Choi is the middle of three children. He attended Longwood Elementary in Glenwood, Illinois. He then attended intermediate and junior high school at Brookwood School District 167. Choi had his first taste of performing as a break dancer during his junior high years. He ran cross-country and was a gymnast at Homewood-Flossmoor High School where he held the sophomore record for the pommel horse. His parents, especially his father, discouraged his childhood dreams of becoming an actor, instructing him to pursue a “responsible and reasonable” career, like accounting.[4] Choi followed the advice of his parents and majored in accounting at Purdue University, but later decided to drop out in order to pursue his acting dreams.[4] Choi stated: “I came from a very traditional Asian upbringing so they were very strict. When I decided to pursue acting, I knew that I had to do it all on my own. When I left the Midwest, I cut all ties with my family. I basically ran away from home.”[4]
Choi moved to Portland, Oregon to pursue a career in acting. He had no prior work experience so he gained employment at a local Blockbuster video store. He spent the next five years training with local Portland acting teachers, most notably with Paul Warner.
Acting career[edit]
Choi began his acting career in Portland, Oregon. His first role was in the Disney Channel television movie, Halloweentown, with Debbie Reynolds. Choi moved to Los Angeles in late 1999 to further pursue a career as an actor. Choi has appeared in over 25 films, most notably The Wolf of Wall Street (as Chester Ming),[2] Captain America: The First Avenger (as Jim Morita), Red Dawn (as Smith) and Suicide Squad. In the 2017 film Spider-Man: Homecoming, he plays a grandson of his Captain America character.
Choi has appeared in over 40 television shows. Most notably, he played Henry Lin in Sons of Anarchy, Captain Ed Rollins on the NBC TV series Ironside, and Sam Luttrell for the NBC TV series Allegiance.
Choi played Judge Lance Ito in the Emmy Award-winning FX series, American Crime Story: The People v. O.J. Simpson. He also appeared in various TV series, including Longmire, The Newsroom, The Last Man on Earth, Glee, Heroes, 24, Lincoln Heights, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, House M.D. and The King of Queens.
Choi has provided his voice as Jim Morita for the video game Captain America: Super Soldier.[5] He has also voiced the role of a gangster in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.[6]
In 2018, Choi will play Bob Dwyer on Starz's new series, Counterpart as well as Howie "Chimney" Han on FOX TV's hit show, 9-1-1. Also that year, he appeared in the feature films Gringo, alongside Joel Edgerton and Charlize Theron, and Hotel Artemis with Jodie Foster.
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1998 Halloweentown Hip-sales-creature
2000 Deep Core Wayne Lung
2001 Beyond the Pale Douglas
2002 Woman on Fire Janitor
2003 Timecop 2: The Berlin Decision Professor Josh Chan
2004 The Terminal CBP Officer
2005 The Road to Canyon Lake Pong
2005 Harsh Times Fujimoto
2006 Behind Enemy Lines II: Axis of Evil South Korean Ambassador Li Sung Park
2006 Only the Brave Dave Fukushima
2006 Undoing Danny
2006 The Heart Specialist Mitchell Kwan
2007 Baby Mike
2007 Walk the Talk Dave
2007 War Takada
2007 Koreatown Sil the Well Dressed Drug Dealer
2008 Street Kings Boss Kim
2011 Captain America: The First Avenger James "Jim" Morita
2012 Dr0ne Jay
2012 Red Dawn Smith
2013 Five Thirteen C.I.A.
2013 The Wolf of Wall Street Chester Ming
2016 Suicide Squad Yakuza Boss
2017 Stephanie
2017 Spider-Man: Homecoming Principal Morita
2017 Bright Agent Coleman
2018 Gringo Marty
2018 Hotel Artemis Buke
2018 Bumblebee In post-production
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1999 Martial Law Biohazard Driver Episode: "Blue Flu"
2000 The West Wing Secret Service Agent #1 Episode: "Six Meetings Before Lunch"
2000 The Huntress Douglas Ho Episode: "Scattered"
2000 Arliss Tommy Takega Episode: "Where There's a Will..."
2000 V.I.P. Desmond Kusari Episode: "Magnificent Val"
2000 Roswell Ken Episode: "Skin and Bones"
2001 The Division Louis Tang Episode: "Absolution"
2001 The Brothers García Alec Lind Episode: "Band on the Run"
2001 Kristin Smoove Episode: "The Escort"
2001 Dead Last Syd the Junkie Episode: "Heebee Geebee's"
2002 Reba Officer Aoki Episode: "Brock's Swan Song"
2002 The King of Queens Todd Ling Episode: "Holy Mackerel"
2003 Presidio Med Dennis 2 episodes
2003 Crossing Jordan Garma Episode: "Fire and Ice"
2003 Becker Nam Episode: "Dates & Nuts"
2003–04 Dragnet C.I. Burrell 2 episodes
2004 According to Jim Lab Technician Episode: "A Vast Difference"
2004–05 House Dr. Lim 2 episodes
2005 Las Vegas Duncan Sabusawa Episode: "Fake the Money and Run"
2006 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Jason Tua Episode: "Post Mortem"
2007 Shark Kirk Bagley Episode: "The Wrath of Khan"
2007 Lincoln Heights Anthony Moon Episode: "Tricks Treats"
2007 24 Cheng's Operative 4 episodes
2008 Samurai Girl Sato 6 episodes
2008–09 Crash Mikey Han 3 episodes
2008–14 Sons of Anarchy Henry Lin 14 episodes
2009 Without a Trace Agent Philip Shen Episode: "Once Lost"
2009 Heroes Sam Douglas Episode: "Chapter Nine 'Turn and Face the Strange'"
2009 Glee Dr. Wu 2 episodes
2010 Hawthorne Dr. Paul Hyun 3 episodes
2011 Last Man Standing Dr. Wong 2 episodes
2012 The Newsroom Dr. Lee Episode: "The Greater Fool"
2013 Ironside Captain Ed Rollins 9 episodes
2013 Longmire Dr. Bloomfield Episode: "Tuscan Red"
2014 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. James "Jim" Morita Episode: "Shadows"
2015 Allegiance Sam Luttrell 13 episodes
2016 The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story Judge Lance Ito 10 episodes
2016–17 The Last Man on Earth Lewis 10 episodes
2017 Chicago Med Dr. David Kwon 2 episodes
2018 9-1-1 Howie "Chimney" Han Main
2018 Counterpart Bob Dwyer Recurring
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2004 Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Gangster
2011 Captain America: Super Soldier Jim Morita
Music videos[edit]
List of music videos, showing year released and director
Year
Artist
Song title
Director
2016 OneRepublic "Wherever I Go" Joseph Kahn
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kenneth Choi". The New York Times. Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b "Movie Casting Roundup: 'Wolf of Wall Street', 'Twelve Years A Slave', 'You Are Here', 'Claire's Cambodia'". Retrieved July 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ ""Last Man on Earth' Returns in Season 3 With a Major Short-Lived Guest Star"". September 25, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Kenneth Choi Brings Nisei Soldiers to the Big Screen in "Captain America". New American Media. 24 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Captain America: Super Soldier (2011 Video Game) Full Cast & Crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004 Video Game) Full Cast & Crew". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
External links[edit]
Kenneth Choi on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
LCCN: no2012075408
VIAF: 250769500
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Choi&oldid=846357123"
Categories:
1971 births
American male actors of Korean descent
Male actors from Chicago
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
American male voice actors
20th-century American male actors
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Articles with hCards
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
تۆرکجه
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
日本語
Português
3 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 18 June 2018, at 07:10 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/List_of_Korean_family_names
mw-redirect
List of Korean family names

value: span

values: float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; width:30em; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Dragnet_(series)
mw-redirect
Dragnet (series)

values:
/wiki/Samurai_Girl_(2008_film)
mw-redirect
Samurai Girl (2008 film)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0158846/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/250769500

values: Category:American male actors of Korean descent

values: Category:21st-century American male actors

values: Category:American male television actors

values: Category:20th-century American male actors

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Kenneth_Choi
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: كينيث تشوي – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: کنت چوی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ケネス・チョイ – Japanese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Kenneth_Choi rootpage-Kenneth_Choi skin-vector action-view


text:
Friday the 13th (1980 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Friday the 13th
Theatrical release poster by Alex Ebel
Directed by
Sean S. Cunningham
Produced by
Sean S. Cunningham
Written by
Victor Miller
Starring
Betsy Palmer
Adrienne King
Harry Crosby
Laurie Bartram
Mark Nelson
Jeannine Taylor
Robbi Morgan
Kevin Bacon
Music by
Harry Manfredini
Cinematography
Barry Abrams
Edited by
Bill Freda
Production
company
Georgetown Productions[1]
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures (U.S.)
Warner Bros. (international)
Release date
May 9, 1980 (1980-05-09)
Running time
95 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$550,000
Box office
$59.8 million
Friday the 13th is a 1980 American slasher film produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, and written by Victor Miller. It stars Betsy Palmer, Adrienne King, Harry Crosby, Laurie Bartram, Kevin Bacon, Jeannine Taylor, Mark Nelson, and Robbi Morgan. The film tells the story of a group of teenagers who are murdered one by one by an unknown killer while attempting to re-open an abandoned summer camp.
Prompted by the success of John Carpenter's Halloween (1978), director Cunningham put out an advertisement to sell the film in Variety in early 1979, while Miller was still drafting the screenplay. After casting the film in New York City, filming took place in New Jersey in the summer of 1979, on an estimated budget of $550,000. A bidding war ensued over the finished film, ending with Paramount Pictures acquiring the film for domestic distribution, while Warner Bros. secured European distribution rights.
Released in May 1980, Friday the 13th was a major box office success, grossing over $39.7 million in the United States alone. Critical response to the film was divided, with some praising the film's cinematography, score, and performances, while numerous others derided it for its depiction of graphic violence. Aside from being the first independent film of its kind to secure distribution in the U.S. by a major studio, its box office success led to a long series of sequels, a crossover with A Nightmare on Elm Street, and a 2009 series reboot.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Analysis
3.1 Teen sexuality
3.2 Gender of villain
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Casting
4.3 Filming
5 Music
6 Release
6.1 Distribution and promotion
6.2 Box office
6.3 Critical response
6.3.1 Contemporaneous
6.3.2 Retrospective
6.4 Home media
7 Legacy
8 Related works
8.1 Sequels
8.2 Adaptions and literature
9 See also
10 References
11 Works cited
12 External links
Plot[edit]
In the summer of 1958 at Camp Crystal Lake, two counselors named Barry and Claudette sneak away from a campfire and into a storage barn. They prepare to have sex before an unseen assailant enters and murders them.
Twenty-one years later, on June 13, 1979, newly hired camp counselor Annie Phillips asks for directions to the reopened Camp Crystal Lake. An elderly man named Crazy Ralph warns her against going, claiming that the camp has a "death curse." A friendly truck driver named Enos agrees to give Annie a lift halfway to the camp. During the drive, Enos warns Annie about the camp, informing her that a young boy drowned at Crystal Lake in 1957 and about the two murders the following year. After Enos drops her off, Annie hitches another ride from an unseen assailant, who chases her into the woods and slashes her throat.
At the camp, counselors Ned, Jack, Bill, Marcie, Brenda, and Alice, along with the owner Steve Christy, refurbish the cabins and facilities. As a thunderstorm approaches, Steve leaves the campground to stock supplies. Meanwhile, the killer arrives at the camp and stalks the counselors. Ned sees someone walk into one of the cabins and follows, only to be killed off-screen. Later, while Jack and Marcie have sex in one of the cabin's bunk beds, they are unaware of Ned's body directly above them, with his throat slit. When Marcie leaves to use the camp bathrooms, Jack's throat is pierced with an arrow from beneath the bed. The killer then follows Marcie to the bathrooms, and slams an axe into her face. Meanwhile, Brenda hears a child's voice calling for help and ventures outside her cabin to the archery range, only for the range lights to turn on as she is attacked off-screen. Steve later returns to the camp and is confronted by the unseen killer, who stabs him.
Alice and Bill are worried by their friends' disappearances, and they leave the main cabin to investigate. They discover a bloody axe in Brenda's bed, the phones disconnected, and the cars inoperable. When the power goes out, Bill goes to check on the generator and is murdered by the killer. Alice then heads out to look for him. Upon finding Bill's body impaled with arrows to the generator room's door, she flees back to the main cabin to hide only to be traumatized further when Brenda's body is thrown through the window.
Alice sees a vehicle pull up and rushes outside, thinking it is Steve. Instead, she is greeted by a middle-aged woman named Mrs. Voorhees, who claims to be an old friend of Steve's. As Alice brings her inside, Mrs. Voorhees begins to reminisce that her son Jason was the young boy who drowned in 1957. She blames his death on the counselors who were supposed to be watching him, but they instead were having sex and not paying attention to Jason's drowning. Revealing herself as the killer, Mrs. Voorhees turns violent and rushes toward Alice with a bowie knife, attempting to kill her. In the ensuing chase, Alice finds Annie's body inside Mrs. Voorhees' car and Steve's body hanging from a tree. Following a confrontation in which Mrs. Voorhees is knocked out, Alice escapes to the shore. Just as she begins to relax, Mrs. Voorhees finds her and attempts to kill her again with a machete. During the final struggle, Alice ultimately decapitates Mrs. Voorhees with her machete. Afterwards, a traumatized Alice boards and falls asleep inside a canoe, which floats out on Crystal Lake.
Just as Alice awakens and sees the police arriving, Jason's decomposing body suddenly emerges from the lake and drags her underwater. She then awakens in a hospital, where a police officer and medical staff tend to her. When Alice asks about Jason, the officer says that there was no sign of any boy. Alice says, "Then he's still there," as the lake is shown with a single ripple on the open water.
Cast[edit]
Betsy Palmer as Mrs. Voorhees
Adrienne King as Alice Hardy
Harry Crosby III as Bill Brown
Jeannine Taylor as Marcie Cunningham[2]
Laurie Bartram as Brenda Jones
Kevin Bacon as Jack Burrell[3]
Mark Nelson as Ned Rubenstein[2]
Robbi Morgan as Annie Phillips
Peter Brouwer as Steve Christy
Rex Everhart as Enos
Walt Gorney as Crazy Ralph
Willie Adams as Barry Jackson
Debra S. Hayes as Claudette Hayes
Ari Lehman as Jason Voorhees
Analysis[edit]
Teen sexuality[edit]
Film scholar Williams views Friday the 13th as "symptomatic of its era," particularly Reagan-era America, and part of a trajectory of films such as The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) and Race with the Devil (1975), which "exemplify a particular apocalyptic vision moving from disclosing family contradictions to self-indulgent nihilism."[4] The film's recurring use of point-of-view shots from the killer's perspective have been noted by scholars such as Philip Dimare as "inherently voyeuristic."[5] Dimare regards the film as a "cautionary tale that succeeds in warning against the sexual impropriety even as it fetishizes violent transgression."[5]
Film critic Timothy Shary notes in his book Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen (2012) that where Halloween introduced a "more subtle sexual curiosity within its morbid moral lesson," films such as Friday the 13th "capitali[zed] on the reactionary aspect of teen sexuality, slaughtering wholesale those youth who deigned to cross the threshold of sexual awareness."[6] Commenting on the film's violence and sexuality, film scholar David J. Hogan notes that, "throughout the film, teenage boys are hideously dispatched, but not with the same buildup and attention to detail that Cunningham and makeup wiz Tom Savini reserved for nubile young girls."[7]
Gender of villain[edit]
The film has spurred critical discussion in regard to its villain being female, a plot point examined at length by film scholar Carol Clover in her book Men, Women, and Chainsaws. Clover notes the revelation of Pamela Voorhees as the killer as "the most dramatic case of pulling out the gender rug" in horror film history.[8] Commenting on the first-person point-of-view shots from the killer, Clover writes: ""We" [the audience] stalk and kill a number of teenagers over the course of an hour of movie time without even knowing who "we" are; we are invited, by conventional expectation and by glimpses of "our" own bodily parts—a heavily booted foot, a roughly gloved hand—to suppose that "we" are male, but "we" are revealed, at the film's end, as a woman."[8]
On the killer's identity, Dimare has noted:
Because Cunningham avoids revealing anything about the psychotic killer beyond the fact that the figure is dressed in men's gloves and boots, the audience assumes the slayer is a man... Cunningham sustains the eerie indeterminacy of the killer's age, social status, and gender deep into his film. The use of this cinematic process of abstraction allows the film to linger over the ambiguous nature of evil until 'sits climactic last act.[5]
Scholar and author Nick White examined the film in the context of queer studies in a 2017 essay, noting the villain, Mrs. Voorhees, as a reverse of the Norman Bates character in Psycho: "The effect of her being the killer is queerly destabilizing. For one, we cannot underestimate the import of having a woman be the architect and cause of such gruesomely creative murders. It’s a radical departure from other slasher flicks, like Halloween, which was released a few years before, where the killer is almost always male and perversely hellbent on punishing sexually-active teenagers."[9]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Friday the 13th did not have a completed script when Sean S. Cunningham took out this advertisement in Variety magazine
Friday the 13th was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, who had previously worked with filmmaker Wes Craven on the film The Last House on the Left. Cunningham, inspired by John Carpenter's Halloween,[10] wanted Friday the 13th to be shocking, visually stunning and "[make] you jump out of your seat."[10] Wanting to distance himself from The Last House on the Left, Cunningham wanted Friday the 13th to be more of a "roller-coaster ride."[10]
The original screenplay was tentatively titled A Long Night at Camp Blood.[11] While working on a redraft of the screenplay, Cunningham proposed the title Friday the 13th, after which Miller began redeveloping.[11] Cunningham rushed out to place an advertisement in Variety using the Friday the 13th title.[12] Worried that someone else owned the rights to the title and wanting to avoid potential lawsuits, Cunningham thought it would be best to find out immediately. He commissioned a New York advertising agency to develop his concept of the Friday the 13th logo, which consisted of big block letters bursting through a pane of glass.[13] In the end, Cunningham believed there were "no problems" with the title, but distributor George Mansour stated, "There was a movie before ours called Friday the 13th: The Orphan. It was moderately successful. But someone still threatened to sue. Either Phil Scuderi paid them off, but it was finally resolved."[12]
The screenplay was completed in mid-1979[11] by Victor Miller, who later went on to write for several television soap operas, including Guiding Light, One Life to Live and All My Children; at the time, Miller was living in Stratford, Connecticut, near Cunningham, and the two had begun collaborating on potential film projects.[12] Miller delighted in inventing a serial killer who turned out to be somebody's mother, a murderer whose only motivation was her love for her child. "I took motherhood and turned it on its head and I think that was great fun. Mrs. Voorhees was the mother I'd always wanted—a mother who would have killed for her kids."[14] Miller was unhappy about the filmmakers' decision to make Jason Voorhees the killer in the sequels. "Jason was dead from the very beginning. He was a victim, not a villain."[14]
The idea of Jason appearing at the end of the film was initially not used in the original script; in Miller's final draft, the film ended with Alice merely floating on the lake.[15] Jason's appearance was actually suggested by makeup designer Tom Savini.[15] Savini stated that "The whole reason for the cliffhanger at the end was I had just seen Carrie, so we thought that we need a 'chair jumper' like that, and I said, 'let's bring in Jason'".[16]
Casting[edit]
A New York-based firm, headed by Julie Hughes and Barry Moss, was hired to find eight young actors to play the camp's staff members. Cunningham admits that he was not looking for "great actors," but anyone that was likable, and appeared to be a responsible camp counselor.[17] The way Cunningham saw it, the actors would need to look good, read the dialogue somewhat well, and work cheap. Moss and Hughes were happy to find four actors, Kevin Bacon, Laurie Bartram, Peter Brouwer, and Adrienne King, who had previously appeared on soap operas.[17] The role of Alice Hardy was set up as an open casting call, a publicity stunt used to attract more attention to the film. King earned an audition primarily because she was the friend of someone working in Moss and Hughes’s office, and Cunningham felt she embodied the qualities Alice.[18] After she auditioned, Moss recalls Cunningham commenting that they saved the best actress for last.[19] As Cunningham explains, he was looking for people that could behave naturally, and King was able to show that to him in the audition.[19]
I didn't even really think of this movie as a horror film. "To me, this was a small independent film about carefree teenagers who are having a rip-roaring time at a summer camp where they happen to be working as counselors. Then they just happen to get killed.
—Jeannine Taylor on how she viewed Friday the 13th[19]
With King cast in the role of lead heroine Alice, Laurie Bartram was hired to play Brenda. Kevin Bacon, Mark Nelson and Jeannine Taylor, who had known each other prior to the film, were cast as Jack, Ned, and Marcie respectively. It is Bacon and Nelson's contention that, because the three already knew each other, they already had the specific chemistry the casting director was looking for in the roles of Jack, Ned, and Marcie.[17] Taylor has stated that Hughes and Moss were highly regarded while she was an actress, so when they offered her an audition she felt that, whatever the part, it would "be a good opportunity."[19]
Friday the 13th was Nelson's first feature film, and when he went in for his first audition the only thing he was given to read were some comedic scenes. Nelson received a call back for a second audition, which required him to wear a bathing suit, which Nelson acknowledges made him start to wonder if something was off about this film. He did not fully realize what was going on until he got the part and was given the full script to read. Nelson explains, "It certainly was not a straight dramatic role, and it was only after they offered me the part that they gave me the full script to read and I realized how much blood was in it."[19] Nelson believes that Ned used humor to hide his insecurities, especially around Brenda, whom the actor believes Ned was attracted to. Nelson recalls an early draft of the script stating that Ned suffered from polio, and his legs were deformed while his upper body was muscular.[20] Ned is believed to have given birth to the "practical joker victim" of horror films.[21] According to author David Grove, there was no equivalent character in John Carpenter's Halloween, or Bob Clark's Black Christmas before that. He served as a model for the slasher films that would follow Friday the 13th.[21]
I went in to audition for [Moss and Hughes] for something else. They said, "you know, Robbi, you're not really right for this, but there's a movie called Friday the 13th and they need an adorable camp counselor.
—Robbi Morgan on how she obtained the role of Annie[19]
The part of Bill was given to Harry Crosby, son of Bing Crosby.[22] Robbi Morgan, who plays Annie, was not auditioning for the film when she was offered the role; while in her office, Hughes looked at Morgan and proclaimed "you're a camp counselor." The next day Morgan was on the set.[17] Morgan only appeared on-set for a day to shoot all her scenes. Rex Everhart, who portrays Enos, did not film the truck scenes with Morgan, so she had to either act with an imaginary Enos, or exchange dialogue with Taso Stavrakis—Savini's assistant—who would sit in the truck with her.[23] It was Peter Brouwer's girlfriend that helped him land a role on Friday the 13th. After recently being written off the show Love of Life, Brouwer moved back to Connecticut to look for work. Learning that his girlfriend was working as an assistant director for Friday the 13th, Brouwer asked about any openings. Initially told casting was looking for big stars to fill the role of Steve Christy, it was not until Sean Cunningham dropped by to deliver a message to Brouwer's girlfriend, and saw him working in a garden, that Brouwer was hired.[17]
Estelle Parsons was initially asked to portray the film's killer, Mrs. Voorhees, but eventually declined. Her agent cited that the film was too violent, and did not know what kind of actress would play such a part. Hughes and Moss sent a copy of the script to Betsy Palmer, in hopes that she would accept the part. Palmer could not understand why someone would want her for a part in a horror film, as she had previously starred in films such as Mister Roberts, The Angry Man, and The Tin Star. Palmer only agreed to play the role because she needed to buy a new car, even when she believed the film to "be a piece of shit."[17] Stavrakis subbed for Betsy Palmer as well, which involved Morgan's character being chased through the woods by Mrs. Voorhees, although the audience only sees a pair of legs running after Morgan. Palmer had just arrived in town when those scenes were about to be filmed, and was not in the physical shape necessary to chase Morgan around the woods. Morgan's training as an acrobat assisted her in these scenes, as her character was required to leap out of a moving jeep when she discovers that Mrs. Voorhees does not intend to take her to the camp.[23] Betsy Palmer explains how she developed the character of Mrs. Voorhees:
Being an actress who uses the Stanislavsky method, I always try to find details about my character. With Pamela... I began with a class ring that I remember reading in the script that she'd worn. Starting with that, I traced Pamela back to my own high school days in the early 1940s. So it's 1944, a very conservative time, and Pamela has a steady boyfriend. They have sex—which is very bad of course—and Pamela soon gets pregnant with Jason. The father takes off and when Pamela tells her parents, they disown her because having... babies out of wedlock isn't something that good girls do. I think she took Jason and raised him the best she could, but he turned out to be a very strange boy. [She took] lots of odd jobs and one of those jobs was as a cook at a summer camp. Then Jason drowns and her whole world collapses. What were the counselors doing instead of watching Jason? They were having sex, which is the way that she got into trouble. From that point on, Pamela became very psychotic and puritanical in her attitudes as she was determined to kill all of the immoral camp counselors.[24]
Cunningham wanted to make the Mrs. Voorhees character "terrifying", and to that end he believed it was important that Palmer not act "over the top." There was also the fear that Palmer's past credits, as more of a wholesome character, would make it difficult to believe she could be scary.[25] Palmer was paid $10,000 per day for her ten days on set.[22] Ari Lehman, who had previously auditioned for Cunningham's Manny's Orphans, failing to get the part, was determined to land the role of Jason Voorhees. According to Lehman, he went in very intense and afterward Cunningham told him he was perfect for the part.[17] In addition to the main cast, Walt Gorney came on as "Crazy Ralph", the town's soothsayer. The character of Crazy Ralph was meant to establish two functions: foreshadow the events to come, and insinuate that he could actually be the murderer. Cunningham has stated that he was apprehensive about including the character, and is not sure if he accomplished his goal of creating a new suspect.[19]
Filming[edit]
The film was shot in and around the townships of Hardwick, Blairstown and Hope, New Jersey in September 1979. The camp scenes were shot on a working Boy Scout camp, Camp No-Be-Bo-Sco which is located in Hardwick, New Jersey.[26] The camp is still standing and still operates as a summer camp.[27][28] The cinematography in the film employs recurrent point-of-view shots from the perspective of the villain.[5]
Savini was hired to design the film's special effects based upon his work in George A. Romero's Dawn of the Dead (1978).[22] Savini's design contributions included crafting the effects of Marcie's axe wound to the face, an arrow penetrating Jack's throat, and Mrs. Voorhees's decapitation by a machete.[22]
During the filming of the fight sequences between King and Palmer's characters, Palmer suggested rehearsing the scene based on her training in theater: "I said to Adrienne that night ‘Why don’t we rehearse this scene, I have to slap you,’ because on-stage when you slap somebody, you slap them."[26] While rehearsing, Palmer slapped King in the face, and she began crying: "She collapsed to the floor, crying, ‘Sean! [Cunningham] She hit me.’ I said, well, of course I hit her, we were rehearsing the scene. He said, ‘No, no, no Betsy, we don’t hit people in movies. We miss them."[26]
Music[edit]
Friday the 13th
Soundtrack album by Harry Manfredini
Released
January 13, 2012
Genre
Film score
Length
43:54
Label
Gramavision Records
La-La Land Records
When Harry Manfredini began working on the musical score, the decision was made to only play music when the killer was actually present so as to not "manipulate the audience".[29] Manfredini pointed out the lack of music for certain scenes: "There's a scene where one of the girls... is setting up the archery area... One of the guys shoots an arrow into the target and just misses her. It's a huge scare, but if you notice, there's no music. That was a choice."[29] Manfredini also noted that when something was going to happen, the music would cut off so that the audience would relax a bit, and the scare would be that much more effective.[citation needed]
Because the killer, Mrs. Voorhees, appears onscreen only during the final scenes of the film, Manfredini had the job of creating a score that would represent the killer in her absence.[29] Manfredini borrows from the 1975 film Jaws, where the shark is likewise not seen for the majority of the film but the motif created by John Williams cued the audience to the shark's invisible menace.[30] Sean S. Cunningham sought a chorus, but the budget would not allow it. While listening to a Krzysztof Penderecki piece of music, which contained a chorus with "striking pronunciations", Manfredini was inspired to recreate a similar sound. He came up with the sound "ki ki ki, ma ma ma" from the final reel when Mrs. Voorhees arrives and is reciting "Kill her, mommy!" The "ki" comes from "kill", and the "ma" from "mommy". To achieve the unique sound he wanted for the film, Manfredini spoke the two words "harshly, distinctly and rhythmically into a microphone" and ran them into an echo reverberation machine.[29] Manfredini finished the original score after a couple of weeks, and then recorded the score in a friend's basement.[30] Victor Miller and assistant editor Jay Keuper have commented on how memorable the music is, with Keuper describing it as "iconographic". Manfredini says, "Everybody thinks it's cha, cha, cha. I'm like, 'Cha, cha, cha? What are you talking about?'"[31]
In 1982, Gramavision Records released a LP record of selected pieces of Harry Manfredini's scores from the first three Friday the 13th films.[32] On 13 January 2012, La-La Land Records released a limited edition 6-CD boxset containing Manfredini's scores from the first six films. It sold out in less than 24 hours.[33]
Release[edit]
Distribution and promotion[edit]
A bidding war over distribution rights to the film ensued in 1980 between Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros., and United Artists.[34] Paramount executive Frank Mancuso, Sr. recalled: "The minute we saw Friday the 13th, we knew we had a hit."[34] Paramount ultimately purchased domestic distribution rights for Friday the 13th for $1.5 million.[34] Based on the success of recently-released horror films (such as Halloween) and the low budget of the film, the studio deemed it a "low-risk" release in terms of profitability.[35] It was the first independent slasher film to be acquired by a major motion picture studio.[36] Paramount spent approximately $500,000 in advertisements for the film, and then an additional $500,000 when the film began performing well at the box office.[37]
A full one-sheet poster, featuring a group of teenagers imposed beneath the silhouette of a knife-wielding figure, was designed by artist Alex Ebel to promote the film's U.S. release.[38] Scholar Richard Nowell has observed that the poster and marketing campaign presented Friday the 13th as a "light-hearted" and "youth-oriented" horror film in an attempt to draw interest from America's prime theater-going demographic of young adults and teenagers.[39] Warner Bros. secured distribution rights to the film in international markets.[34][40]
Box office[edit]
Friday the 13th opened theatrically on May 9, 1980 across the United States, ultimately expanding its release to 1,127 theaters.[1] It earned $5,816,321 in its opening weekend, before finishing domestically with $39,754,601,[41] with a total of 14,778,700 admissions.[1] It was the 18th highest-grossing film that year, facing competition from other high-profile horror releases such as The Shining, Dressed To Kill, The Fog, and Prom Night.[42] The worldwide gross for the film was $59,754,601.[43][44] Of the seventeen films distributed by Paramount in 1980, only two: Urban Cowboy and Airplane!, returned more profits than Friday the 13th.[45]
Friday the 13th was released internationally, which was unusual for an independent film with, at the time, no well-recognized or bankable actors; aside from well-known television and movie actress Betsy Palmer.[46] The film would take in approximately $20 million in international box office receipts.[47] Not factoring in international sales, or the cross-over film with A Nightmare on Elm Street 's Freddy Krueger, the original Friday the 13th is the highest-grossing film of the film series.[48]
To provide context with the box office gross of films in 2014, the cost of making and promoting Friday the 13th—which includes the $550,000 budget and the $1 million in advertisement—is approximately $4.5 million. With regard to the US box office gross, the film would have made $177.72 million in adjusted 2017 dollars.[49] On July 13, 2007, Friday the 13th was screened for the first time on Blairstown's Main Street in the very theater which appears shortly after the opening credits.[28] Overflowing crowds forced the Blairstown Theater Festival, the sponsoring organization, to add an extra screening. A 30th Anniversary Edition was released on March 10, 2010.[50] A 35th-anniversary screening was held in the Griffith Park Zoo as part of the Great Horror Campout on March 13, 2015.[51]
Critical response[edit]
Contemporaneous[edit]
Linda Gross of the Los Angeles Times referred to the film as a "silly, boring, youth-geared horror movie," though she praised Manfredini's "nervous musical score," the cinematography, as well as the performances, which she deemed "natural and appealing," particularly from Taylor, Bacon, Nelson, and Bartram.[52] Variety, however, deemed the film "low budget in the worst sense—with no apparent talent or intelligence to offset its technical inadequacies—Friday the 13th has nothing to exploit but its title."[53] The Miami News's Bill von Maurer praised Cunningham's "low-key" direction, but noted: "After building terrific suspense and turning over the audience's stomachs, he doesn't quite know where to go from there. The movie begins to sag in the middle and the expectations he has built up begin to sour a bit."[54] Lou Cedrone of The Baltimore Evening Sun referred to the film as "a shamelessly bad film, but then Cunningham knows this. This is sad."[55]
Many critics compared the film unfavorably against John Carpenter's Halloween, among them Marylynn Uricchio of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, who added: "Friday the 13th is minimal on plot, suspense, and characterization. It's not very original or very scary, but it is very low-budget."[56] Dick Shippy of the Akron Beacon Journal similarly suggested that Carpenter's Halloween played "like Hitchcock when compared to Cunningham's dreadful tale of butchery."[57] The Burlington Free Press's Mike Hughes wrote that the film "copies everything, that is, except the quality" of Halloween, concluding: "The lowest point of the movie comes near the end, when it exploits the genuine grief and madness of the villain. By then, things simply aren't fun anymore."[58] Ron Cowan of the Statesman Journal noted the film as a "routine "endangered teenagers" exploitation movie," adding that "Cunningham betrays a rather plodding approach to suspense for most of the film, sometimes allowing his camera to act as the killer, sometimes as the victim. And the victims, of course, deliberately put themselves in peril."[59]
A significant number of reviews criticized the film for its depiction of violence: The Hollywood Reporter derided the film, writing: "Gruesome violence, in which throats are slashed and heads are split open in realistic detail, is the sum content of Friday the 13th, a sick and sickening low budget feature that is being released by Paramount. It’s blatant exploitation of the lowest order."[60] Michael Blowen of The Boston Globe similarly referred to the film as "nauseating," warning audiences: "Unless your idea of a good time is to watch a woman have her head split by an ax or a man stuck to a door with arrows, you should stay away from Friday the 13th. It's bad luck."[61] The film's most vocal detractor was Gene Siskel, who in his review called Cunningham "one of the most despicable creatures ever to infest the movie business."[62] He also published the address for Charles Bluhdorn, the chairman of the board of Gulf+Western, which owned Paramount, as well as Betsy Palmer's home city and encouraged fellow detractors to write to them and express their contempt for the film. To convince people not to see it, he even gave away the ending.[63] Siskel and Roger Ebert spent an entire episode of their TV show berating the film (and other slasher films of the time) because they felt it would make audiences root for the killer.[64] Leonard Maltin initially awarded the film one star, or 'BOMB', but later changed his mind and awarded the film a star and-a-half "simply because it's slightly better than Part 2" and called it a "gory, cardboard thriller".[65]
Retrospective[edit]
Contemporary internet review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes awards the film a 61% approval rating, based on 51 critic reviews, with the consensus reading: “Rather quaint by today’s standards, Friday the 13th still has its share of bloody surprises and a ‘70s-holdover aesthetic to slightly compel.”[66] Bill Steele of IFC ranked the film the second-best entry in the series, after Friday the 13th Part 2 (1981).[67]
Critic Kim Newman, in a 2000 review, awarded the film two out of five stars, referring to it as "a pallid Halloween rip-off, with a mediocre shock count and a botched ending... As the bodies pile up amongst this testy crowd of horny teens, there remains a vacant hole were someone scary should be. In a strange way, this film stands unique amongst all slasher films as one where the killer is nearly intangible."[68] Jeremiah Kipp of Slant Magazine reviewed the film in 2009, noting "a kind of minimalism at work, eschewing anything special in terms of mood, pacing, character, plot, and tension."[69] Further commenting on the revelation of the killer's identity, Kipp observed:
The murderer turns out to be a middle-aged woman named Mrs. Voorhees (Betsy Palmer) with a butch haircut and a gigantic bulky sweater, whose line readings are akin to nails on a chalkboard (“They were making love while that boy drowned! His name was Jason!”) and a predilection for speaking to herself in the mincing voice of her dead child (“Kill her, Mommy! Kill her!”). It’s only in this last 20-minute appearance of this scene-stealing harpy (not to mention the memorable cameo by her rotting zombie son) that Friday the 13th becomes memorable as high camp.[69]
Why did it make such a splash? Theories abound, but here's mine: Friday the 13th succeeded because it was brazen enough to steal so many tricks from the many brilliant horror films that came before it.
—Critic Scott Meslow on the film's legacy[70]
In 2012, Bill Gibron of PopMatters wrote of the film: "This movie feels at least twice as long as its 90 minute running time and not always in a good way. There are far too many pointless pauses between the bloodletting. On the positive side, Tom Savini's make-up work is flawless, and Betsy Palmer's turn as big bad Pamela V. has to go down in history as one of the meanest 'mothers' in the entire horror genre. For those who think it's a classic–think again. Of a type? Absolutely. Of faultless movie macabre? No way."[71]
Scott Meslow of The Week reviewed the film in 2015, assessing its original critical reception in a contemporary context: "Before it became an absurdly prolific franchise, Friday the 13th was a cynical, one-off attempt to make a fast buck on a sleazy slasher movie that accidentally ended up spawning a decades-spanning, multimillion-dollar phenomenon... What's most striking about Friday the 13th is how little regard anyone but its fans seem to have for it."[70]
Home media[edit]
Friday the 13th was first released on DVD in the United States by Paramount Home Entertainment on October 19, 1999.[1] The disc sold 32, 497 units.[1] On February 3, 2009, Paramount released the film agaon on DVD and Blu-ray in an unrated uncut, for the first time in the United States (previous VHS, LaserDisc and DVD releases included the R-rated theatrical version).[72] The uncut version of the film contains approximately 11 seconds of previously unreleased footage.[72]
In 2011, the uncut version of Friday the 13th was released in a 4-disc DVD collection with the first three sequels.[73] It was again included in two Blu-ray sets: Friday the 13th: The Complete Collection, released in 2013, and Friday the 13th: The Ultimate Collection, in 2018.[74]
Legacy[edit]
Crowds attending a revival of screening of the film in Blairstown, New Jersey, where it was filmed
Contemporary scholars in film criticism, such as Tony Williams, have credited Friday the 13th for initiating the subgenre of the "stalker" or slasher film.[4] Cultural critic Graham Thompson also considers the film as a template, along with John Carpenter's Halloween (1978), that "instigated a rush" of films of its type, in which young people away from supervision are systematically stalked and murdered by a masked villain.[75] While critical reception of the film has been varied in the years since its release, it has attained a cult following.[76] In 2017, Complex ranked the film no. 9 in a list of the best slasher films of all time.[77]
Film scholar Matt Hills wrote of the film's legacy: "Friday the 13th has not just been critically positioned as intellectually lacking, it has been othered and devalued in line with the conventional aesthetic norms of the academy and official film culture, said to lack originality and artfulness, to possess no nominated or recognized auteur, and to be grossly sensationalist in its focus on Tom Savini's gory special effects."[78] The film was nominated in 2001 for AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.[79]
In April 2018, Camp No-Be-Bo-Sco, where the film was shot, held "Crystal Lake Tours," an event dedicated to the making of the film which brought attendees to nine of the filming locations on the property.[80] The event was attended to actress King, who recounted the making of the film to fans.[80]
Related works[edit]
Sequels[edit]
Further information: Friday the 13th (franchise)
As of 2018, Friday the 13th has spawned ten sequels, including a crossover film with A Nightmare on Elm Street villain Freddy Krueger.[81] Friday the 13th Part 2 (1981) introduced Jason Voorhees, the son of Mrs. Voorhees, as the primary antagonist, which would continue for the remaining sequels (with exception of the fifth movie) and related works.[82] Most of the sequels were filmed on larger budgets than the original. For comparison, Friday the 13th had a budget of $550,000, while the first sequel was given a budget of $1.25 million.[83] At the time of its release, Freddy vs. Jason had the largest budget, at $25 million.[84] All of the sequels repeated the premise of the original, so the filmmakers made tweaks to provide freshness. Changes involved an addition to the title—as opposed to a number attached to the end—like "The Final Chapter" and "Jason Takes Manhattan", or filming the movie in 3-D, as Miner did for Friday the 13th Part III (1982).[85] One major addition that would affect the entire film series was the addition of Jason's hockey mask in the third film; this mask would become one of the most recognizable images in popular culture.[86]
A reboot to Friday the 13th was released theatrically in February 2009, with Freddy vs. Jason writers Damian Shannon and Mark Swift hired to script the new film.[87] The film focused on Jason Voorhees, along with his trademark hockey mask.[88] The film was produced by Michael Bay, Andrew Form and Brad Fuller through Bay's production company Platinum Dunes, for New Line Cinema.[87] In November 2007, Marcus Nispel, director of the 2003 remake of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, was hired to direct.[89] The film had its United States release on 13 February 2009.[90]
Adaptions and literature[edit]
In 1987, seven years after the release of the motion picture, Simon Hawke produced a novelization of Friday the 13th. One of the few additions to the book was Mrs. Voorhees begging the Christy family to take her back after the loss of her son; they agreed.[91] Another addition in the novel is more understanding in Mrs. Voorhees' actions. Hawke felt the character had attempted to move on when Jason died, but her psychosis got the best of her. When Steve Christy reopened the camp, Mrs. Voorhees saw it as a chance that what happened to her son could happen again. Her murders were against the counselors, because she saw them all as responsible for Jason's death.[92]
A number of scenes from the film were recreated in Friday the 13th: Pamela's Tale, a two-issue comic book prequel released by WildStorm in 2007. In 2016, the book On Location in Blairstown: The Making of Friday the 13th was released detailing the planning and filming of the movie.[93]
See also[edit]
Film in the United States portal
1980s portal
Friday the 13th franchise
Friday the 13th (2009)
List of American films of 1980
Sean S. Cunningham filmography
Slasher genre
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bracke 2006, p. 314.
^ Jump up to: a b Robinson 2012, p. xix.
Jump up ^ Falconer 2010, p. 131.
^ Jump up to: a b Williams 2015, p. 185.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dimare 2011, p. 186.
Jump up ^ Shary 2012, p. 54.
Jump up ^ Hogan 2016, p. 254.
^ Jump up to: a b Clover 1993, p. 56.
Jump up ^ White, Nick (June 5, 2017). "'Kill her, Mommy! Kill her!': A Queer Take on 'Friday the 13th'". Signature Magazine. Penguin Random House. Archived from the original on June 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Grove 2005, pp. 11–12.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bracke 2006, p. 18.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bracke 2006, p. 17.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, pp. 15–16.
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Victor. "Frequently Asked Questions". Victor Miller Official Site. Retrieved June 25, 2017. I have a major problem with all of them because they made Jason the villain. I still believe that the best part of my screenplay was the fact that a mother figure was the serial killer—working from a horribly twisted desire to avenge the senseless death of her son, Jason. Jason was dead from the very beginning. He was a victim, not a villain.
^ Jump up to: a b Bracke 2006, p. 20.
Jump up ^ "Jason Voorhees: From mama's boy to his own man". New York Daily News. October 19, 2006. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Grove 2005, pp. 21–28.
Jump up ^ Norman 2014, p. 84.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bracke 2006, pp. 19–21.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, pp. 36–39.
^ Jump up to: a b Grove 2005, p. 41.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Vancheri, Barbara (February 13, 2009). "Freaky Friday". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. pp. D-1, D-5 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Grove 2005, pp. 34–35.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, pp. 49–50.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, p. 52.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hawkes, Rebecca (October 13, 2017). "Friday the 13th: nine things you didn't know about the movie". The Telegraph. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Cummins, Emily (May 5, 2014). "Blairstown Theatre to screen latest horror film by local director". NJ.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Blairstown Theater Festival". Blairstown Theater. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Slasherama interview with Harry Manfredini". Slasherama. Archived from the original on May 11, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Bracke 2006, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Miller, Victor; Keuper, Jay; Manfredini, Harry (1980). "Return to Crystal Lake: Making of Friday the 13th" Friday the 13th DVD (DVD – region 2). United States: Warner Bros.
Jump up ^ Bracke 2006, p. 94.
Jump up ^ "LA LA LAND RECORDS, Friday the 13th". lalalandrecords.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Nowell 2010, p. 134.
Jump up ^ Nowell 2010, pp. 135–137.
Jump up ^ McCarty 1984, p. 2.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, p. 59.
Jump up ^ Nowell 2010, p. 139.
Jump up ^ Nowell 2010, pp. 145–147.
Jump up ^ Nowell, Richard (2011). ""The Ambitions of Most Independent Filmmakers": Indie Production, the Majors, and Friday the 13th (1980)" . Journal of Film and Video. 63 (2): 28–44. doi:10.5406/jfilmvideo.63.2.0028.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, p. 60.
Jump up ^ Nowell 2010, pp. 199–202.
Jump up ^ "Box Office Information for Friday the 13th". The Numbers. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "1980". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nowell 2010, p. 138.
Jump up ^ Rockoff 2002, p. 18.
Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th - Box Office Data, DVD Sales, Movie News, Cast Information". the-numbers.com. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th Movies at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tom's Inflation Calculator". Halfhill.com. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Serafini, Matt (January 29, 2010). "Fantastic Friday the 13th Anniversary Item Coming". Dread Central. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Moore, Debi (February 23, 2015). "Great Horror Campout Launches Movie Night Under the Stars March 13th in Los Angeles". Dread Central. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Gross, Linda (May 15, 1980). "'Friday the 13th': Encamped in Gore". Los Angeles Times. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th". Variety. December 31, 1979. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Von Maurer, Bill. "'Friday the 13th' will scare the bejabbers out of you". The Miami News. Miami, Florida. p. 8A – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Cedrone, Lou (May 14, 1980). "Adams is good for laughs; '13th' is good for nothing". The Baltimore Evening Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. p. 8A – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Uricchio, Marylynn. "'Friday the 13th': Unlucky Day for Moviegoers". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Shippy, Dick (May 15, 1980). "Sex and slaughter in wholesale doses". Akron Beacon Journal. p. F6 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Mike (May 20, 1980). "Thriller Badly Copies 'Halloween'". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. p. 4D – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Cowan, Ron. "'Friday the 13th' bodes bad luck". Statesman Journal. Salem, Oregon. p. 5C – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ The Hollywood Reporter Staff (November 1, 2014) [1980]. "'Friday the 13th': THR's 1980 Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Blowen, Michael. "Bloody 'Friday' is nauseating". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
Jump up ^ Bracke 2006, p. 45.
Jump up ^ Siskel, Gene (May 12, 1980). "'Friday the 13th': More bad luck". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. A3.
Jump up ^ Hewitt, Chris; Smith, Adam. "Freddy V Jason". Empire (March 2009).
Jump up ^ Maltin 2000, p. 491.
Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th (1980)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixer. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Steele, Bill (July 29, 2016). "Every Friday the 13th Movie Ranked". IFC. Archived from the original on September 4, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Newman, Kim (January 1, 2000). "Friday the 13th". Empire. Archived from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Kipp, Jeremiah (February 4, 2009). "Friday the 13th". Slant Magazine. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Meslow, Scott (June 14, 2015). "How Friday the 13th accidentally perfected the slasher movie". The Week. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gibron, Bill (July 13, 2012). "Dissecting the 'Friday the 13th' Franchise". PopMatters. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b McGaughy, Cameron (February 3, 2009). "Friday the 13th: Uncut Deluxe Edition (1980)". DVD Talk. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Buy Movies at Movies Unlimited - The Movie Collector's Site". moviesunlimited.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Squires, John (November 30, 2017). "New 'Friday the 13th' Blu-ray Collection Coming Next Year; Full Details". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Thompson 2007, p. 102.
Jump up ^ Hills 2007, p. 236.
Jump up ^ Barone, Matt (October 23, 2017). "The Best Slasher Films of All Time". Complex. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hills 2007, p. 232.
Jump up ^ "List of top 400 heart-pounding thrillers" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Squires, John (April 17, 2018). "We Spent Friday the 13th at the Real Camp Crystal Lake in New Jersey". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Robinson 2012, p. 201.
Jump up ^ Kendrick 2017, p. 325.
Jump up ^ Bracke 2006, pp. 314–15.
Jump up ^ "Freddy Vs. Jason (2003)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bracke 2006, p. 73–74.
Jump up ^ Kemble, Gary (January 13, 2001). "Movie Minutiae: the Friday the 13th series (1980-?)". ABC. Archived from the original on January 15, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (October 2, 2007). "Duo pumps new blood into 'Friday the 13th'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Platinum Confirmations: Near Dark, Friday the 13th Remakes". The Hollywood Reporter. October 3, 2007. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (November 14, 2007). "Nispel scores a date with next 'Friday'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Young Jason Cast in Friday the 13th remake". FearNet. May 15, 2008. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ Hawke 1987, pp. 164–168.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, p. 50.
Jump up ^ Weird New Jersey. issue 46. April 2016. p. 50.
Works cited[edit]
Bracke, Peter (2006). Crystal Lake Memories. United Kingdom: Titan Books. ISBN 1-84576-343-2.
Clover, Carol (1993). Men, Women, and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00620-8.
Dimare, Philip C. (2011). Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-598-84296-8.
Falconer, Peter (2010). "Fresh Meat? Dissecting the Horror Movie Virgin". In McDonald, Tamar Jeffers. Virgin Territory: Representing Sexual Inexperience in Film. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 123–137. ISBN 978-0-814-33318-1.
Grove, David (2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press. ISBN 1-903254-31-0.
Hawke, Simon (1987). Friday the 13th. New York: Signet. ISBN 0-451-15089-9.
Hills, Matt (2007). "The Friday the 13th Film Series as Other". Sleaze Artists: Cinema at the Margins of Taste, Style, and Politics. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. pp. 219–239. ISBN 978-0-822-39019-0.
Hogan, David J. (2016). Dark Romance: Sexuality in the Horror Film. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-46248-3.
Kendrick, James (2017). "Slasher Films and Gore in the 1980s". In Benshoff, Harry M. A Companion to the Horror Film. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 310–328. ISBN 978-1-119-33501-6.
Maltin, Leonard (2000). Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide. New York: Signet Books. ISBN 0-451-19837-9.
McCarty, John (1984). Splatter Movies: Breaking the Last Taboo of the Screen. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-75257-1.
Norman, Jason (2014). Welcome to Our Nightmares: Behind the Scene with Today's Horror Actors. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-47986-3.
Nowell, Richard (2010). Blood Money: A History of the First Teen Slasher Film Cycle. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-441-12496-8.
Rockoff, Adam (2002). Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. ISBN 0-7864-1227-5.
Robinson, Jessica (2012). Life Lessons from Slasher Films. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-810-88502-8.
Shary, Timothy (2012). Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50160-6.
Thompson, Graham (2007). American Culture in the 1980s. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-748-62895-7.
Williams, Tony (2015). Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film (Revised ed.). Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-628-46107-7.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Friday the 13th (1980 film)
Friday the 13th on IMDb
Friday the 13th at AllMovie
Friday the 13th at Rotten Tomatoes
Friday the 13th at Box Office Mojo
Film page at Friday The 13th: The Franchise
Film page at the Camp Crystal Lake web site
Film page at Fridaythe13thfilms.com
show
v
t
e
Friday the 13th franchise
Films
Friday the 13th (1980)
Part 2
Part III
The Final Chapter
A New Beginning
Jason Lives
The New Blood
Jason Takes Manhattan
Jason Goes to Hell
Jason X
Freddy vs. Jason
soundtrack
score
Friday the 13th (2009)
Television
Friday the 13th: The Series
episodes
Characters
Pamela Voorhees
Jason Voorhees
Alice Hardy
Ginny Field
Tommy Jarvis
Comics
Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash
The Nightmare Warriors
Video games
Friday the 13th (1985)
Friday the 13th (1989)
Mortal Kombat X
Friday the 13th: The Game
characters
Friday the 13th: Killer Puzzle
Related topics
"He's Back (The Man Behind the Mask)"
A Nightmare on Elm Street franchise
Book
Category
show
v
t
e
Films directed by Sean S. Cunningham
The Art of Marriage (1970)
Together (1971)
Case of the Full Moon Murders (1973)
Here Come the Tigers (1978)
Manny's Orphans (1978)
Friday the 13th (1980)
A Stranger Is Watching (1982)
Spring Break (1983)
The New Kids (1985)
DeepStar Six (1989)
XCU: Extreme Close Up (2001)
Terminal Invasion (2002)
Trapped Ashes (2006)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friday_the_13th_(1980_film)&oldid=856464843"
Categories:
1980 films
English-language films
Teen thriller films
1980 horror films
1980s horror thriller films
1980s teen films
Teen films
1980s independent films
1980s mystery films
1980s serial killer films
1980s slasher films
1980s teen horror films
American teen films
American teen horror films
American slasher films
Films set in 1958
Films set in 1979
Films set in forests
Films set in New Jersey
Films shot in New Jersey
Friday the 13th (franchise) films
Paramount Pictures films
Summer camps in films
Warner Bros. films
Films scored by Harry Manfredini
Films directed by Sean S. Cunningham
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from August 2018
Articles with hAudio microformats
Album infoboxes lacking a cover
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Emiliàn e rumagnòl
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
24 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 August 2018, at 12:02 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Friday the 13th (1980) theatrical poster.jpg

attrs: scope style

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Camp_Crystal_Lake
mw-redirect
Camp Crystal Lake

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
/wiki/Soap_operas
mw-redirect
Soap operas

values: width:28em; ; background-color: #C2DFFF;

values: width:30em; ; background-color: #C2DFFF;

values:
/wiki/Camp_No-Be-Bo-Sco
mw-redirect
Camp No-Be-Bo-Sco

values:
/wiki/Hardwick,_New_Jersey
mw-redirect
Hardwick, New Jersey

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background-color: gainsboro

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: Distribution and promotion

values: width:25em; ; background-color: #C2DFFF;

values:
/wiki/Paramount_Home_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Paramount Home Entertainment

values: Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan

values:
/wiki/Goalie_mask
mw-redirect
Goalie mask

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Friday_the_13th_franchise
mw-redirect
Friday the 13th franchise

values:
/wiki/Friday_the_13th_(2009)
mw-redirect
Friday the 13th (2009)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.victormiller.com/faq.php

values:
nofollow
external text
http://lalalandrecords.com/F13.html

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.5406/jfilmvideo.63.2.0028

values:
/wiki/Empire_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Empire (magazine)

values:
/wiki/Signet_Books
mw-redirect
Signet Books

values: q:Special:Search/Friday the 13th (1980 film)

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080761/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v18658

values: List of Friday the 13th: The Series episodes

values: Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash: The Nightmare Warriors

values: List of Friday the 13th: The Game characters

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Friday the 13th (franchise) films

values: Category:Films scored by Harry Manfredini

values: Category:Films directed by Sean S. Cunningham

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Album infoboxes lacking a cover

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Friday_the_13th_(1980_film)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: يوم الجمعة الثالث عشر (فيلم 1980) – Arabic

values: Cümə, ayın 13-ü (film, 1980) – Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Παρασκευή και 13 (ταινία) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: Venerdì 13 (film 1980) – Emiliano-Romagnolo

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: جمعه سیزدهم (فیلم ۱۹۸۰) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: Friday the 13th (film 1980) – Indonesian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Piątek, trzynastego (film 1980) – Polish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Петак тринаести – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: Friday the 13th (film, 1980) – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: Friday the 13th (phim 1980) – Vietnamese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Friday_the_13th_1980_film rootpage-Friday_the_13th_1980_film skin-vector action-view