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Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
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The article lists the records of Prime Ministers of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom since 1721.
Contents
1 Period of service
1.1 Number of terms
2 Terms of Prime Ministers and reigns of sovereigns
2.1 Served under most sovereigns
2.2 Number of Prime Ministers serving during reign
2.3 Prime Ministers born during reigns in which they held office
2.4 Prime Ministers who lived under most reigns
3 Age
3.1 Age at appointment
3.2 Age on leaving office
3.3 Age differences of outgoing and incoming Prime Ministers
3.4 Longest lived
3.5 Shortest lived
3.6 Longest lived after office
3.7 Shortest lived after office
4 Intervals between terms of office
5 Female Prime Ministers
6 Birthplace
7 Facial hair
8 Ethnic minority Prime Ministers
9 Religious minority Prime Ministers
10 Disabled Prime Ministers
11 General elections
11.1 Most Prime Ministers in office between general elections
11.2 Most general elections contested
11.3 Age at losing a general election
11.4 Age at winning a general election
11.5 Prime Ministers in office without a general election
12 Prime Ministers who served from (or later entered) the House of Lords
13 Service in House of Commons
13.1 Prime Ministers who were Father of the House
14 Education
15 Armed forces veterans
15.1 Active service veterans
15.2 War bereaved Prime Ministers
16 Decorated
17 Number of living former Prime Ministers
17.1 None
17.2 One
17.3 Most
18 Living former Prime Ministers
19 Died in office
19.1 Died while immediate successor was in office
20 Married
21 Widowed
21.1 Widowed the longest
21.2 Widowed the shortest
21.2.1 Other widowed Prime Ministers
22 Divorced
23 Kindred Prime Ministers
23.1 Fathers and Sons
23.2 Brothers
23.3 Full cousins
23.4 Uncles and Nephews
23.5 Great-great-uncle and Great-great-nephew
23.6 Father-in-law and Son-in-law
23.7 Brothers-in-law
23.8 Uncle-in-law and Nephew-in-law
23.9 Great-uncle-in-law and Great-nephew-in-law
23.10 Other connections
24 Miscellaneous
25 See also
26 References
Period of service[edit]
Main article: List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by tenure
Sir Robert Walpole, the longest-serving Prime Minister (1721–42)
George Canning, the shortest-serving Prime Minister (April–August 1827)
The Prime Minister with the longest single term was Sir Robert Walpole, lasting 20 years and 314 days from 4 April 1721 until 11 February 1742. This is also longer than the accumulated terms of any other Prime Minister.
The shortest period in office is more confused, depending on the criteria. The shortest ever period was only three days, a record held by Lord Bath, from 10 February to 12 February 1746, who was asked to form a government but was unable to find more than one person who would agree to serve in his cabinet. A satirist of the time wrote: "the minister to the astonishment of all wise men never transacted one rash thing; and, what is more marvellous, left as much money in the Treasury as he found in it." James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave was a prime minister for four days, from 8 June to 12 June 1757. However, since neither of these Earls actually formed an effective government, there are other contenders for the record of shortest term of office among those who actually governed the country.
In November 1834, the Duke of Wellington declined to become Prime Minister in favour of Sir Robert Peel but formed a "caretaker" administration for 25 days (17 November 1834 – 9 December 1834) while Peel returned from Europe. However, as a caretaker administration this might not necessarily be considered a term of office in its own right.
Therefore, of those with clear and effective terms, the Prime Minister with the shortest single one was Lord Rockingham, whose second term lasted 96 days from 27 March 1782 until his death on 1 July 1782. However, combined with his first term (13 July 1765 – 30 July 1766) his total time in office was 1 year and 113 days, which exceeds the total periods of several other Prime Ministers. (The Duke of Wellington had also served as Prime Minister between 1828 and 1830.)
Consequently, the Prime Minister with the total shortest period in office was George Canning, whose sole term lasted 119 days from 10 April 1827 until his death on 8 August 1827.
The Prime Minister with the longest period between the start of their first appointment and the end of their final term was the Duke of Portland, whose first term began on 2 April 1783 and whose second and final term ended on 4 October 1809.
Number of terms[edit]
A Prime Minister's "term" is traditionally regarded as the period between their appointment and resignation, dismissal (or death, in the case of those who die in office), with the number of general elections taking place in the intervening period making no difference.
The only Prime Minister to serve four terms under that definition was William Ewart Gladstone (3 December 1868 – 20 February 1874, 23 April 1880 – 23 June 1885, 1 February 1886 – 25 July 1886 and 15 August 1892 – 5 March 1894).
Terms of Prime Ministers and reigns of sovereigns[edit]
The office of Prime Minister has coincided with the reigns of 11 British monarchs (including a Regency during the incapacity of George III from 1811 to his death in 1820), to whom the Prime Minister has been constitutionally head of government to the sovereign's headship of state.
Until 1837 the death of a sovereign led to Parliament being dissolved within six months which led to a general election. Results of such elections were:
1727 – Sir Robert Walpole held
1761 – the Duke of Newcastle held
1820 – Lord Liverpool held
1830 – the Duke of Wellington defeated, Lord Grey appointed
1837 – Lord Melbourne held
Served under most sovereigns[edit]
Stanley Baldwin is the only Prime Minister to have served three sovereigns in succession – King George V, King Edward VIII and King George VI.
Through being in office at transitions between reigns, eight Prime Ministers each served under two sovereigns:
Sir Robert Walpole – George I and George II
The Duke of Newcastle – George II and George III
Lord Liverpool – George III and George IV
The Duke of Wellington – George IV and William IV
Lord Melbourne – William IV and Queen Victoria
Lord Salisbury – Queen Victoria and Edward VII
H. H. Asquith – Edward VII and George V
Sir Winston Churchill – George VI and Elizabeth II
Number of Prime Ministers serving during reign[edit]
George III had 14 Prime Ministers serving during his 59-year reign (reigned 1760–1820), beginning with the Duke of Newcastle. The last incumbent, Lord Liverpool, was the only one appointed by his son (the Prince Regent) during the father's final incapacity to rule.
In downward numerical order, numbers of Prime Ministers in office during other reigns are:
Elizabeth II – 13, from Sir Winston Churchill to incumbent Theresa May (as of August 2018)
Victoria – 10, from Lord Melbourne to Lord Salisbury
George II – five, from Sir Robert Walpole to the Duke of Newcastle
George V – five, from H. H. Asquith to Stanley Baldwin
George IV – four, from Lord Liverpool to the Duke of Wellington
William IV – four, from the Duke of Wellington to Lord Melbourne
Edward VII – four, from Lord Salisbury to H. H. Asquith
George VI – four, from Stanley Baldwin to Winston Churchill
George I – one (Robert Walpole)
Edward VIII – one (Stanley Baldwin)
Prime Ministers born during reigns in which they held office[edit]
Only six Prime Ministers came to serve office under sovereigns in whose own reigns they were born. The present Prime Minister, Theresa May, is the third Prime Minister to have been born in the reign of the present sovereign Queen Elizabeth II.
King George III (reigned 1760–1820)
Spencer Perceval (born 1762,[*] served 1809–12)
Lord Liverpool (born 1770, appointed 1812)
Queen Victoria (reigned 1837–1901)
Lord Rosebery (born 1847, served 1894–95)
Queen Elizabeth II (acceded 1952)
Tony Blair (born 1953, served 1997–2007)
David Cameron (born 1966, served 2010–16)
Theresa May (born 1956, appointed 2016)
* ^ Perceval was assassinated in 1812. His is the only complete lifetime lived by a Prime Minister under a single sovereign.
Prime Ministers who lived under most reigns[edit]
Both Robert Walpole (1676–1745) and Lord Wilmington (c. 1673–1743) lived under the reigns of the same six sovereigns: Charles II, James II, William III and his joint sovereign Mary II, Queen Anne, George I and George II.
Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965), Clement Attlee (1883–1967), Anthony Eden (1897–1977) and Harold Macmillan (1894–1986) all lived under the six reigns of Victoria, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, George VI and Elizabeth II.
Age[edit]
Main article: List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by age
Age at appointment[edit]
William Ewart Gladstone was appointed more times than any other Prime Minister. He was also the oldest person ever appointed (at age 82).
William Pitt the Younger was the youngest Prime Minister ever appointed (at age 24).
The youngest Prime Minister to be appointed was William Pitt the Younger on 19 December 1783 at the age of 24 years, 6 months and 21 days.
The oldest Prime Minister to be appointed for the first time was Lord Palmerston on 6 February 1855 at the age of 70 years, 3 months and 17 days.
The oldest Prime Minister to be appointed overall, and oldest to win a General Election, was William Ewart Gladstone, who was born on 29 December 1809 and appointed for the final time on 15 August 1892 at the age of 82 years, 7 months and 3 days, following that year's General Election.
Age on leaving office[edit]
The youngest Prime Minister to leave office was the Duke of Grafton, who retired in 1770, aged 34. The oldest was Gladstone, who was 84 at the time of his final retirement in 1894.
Age differences of outgoing and incoming Prime Ministers[edit]
Greatest age difference – Lord Rosebery (born 7 May 1847) was 37 years 129 days younger than William Ewart Gladstone (born 29 December 1809) whom he succeeded after the final retirement of the latter in 1894.
Smallest age difference – George Canning (born 11 April 1770) was 67 days senior to Lord Liverpool (born 7 June 1770), whom he succeeded after Liverpool retired in 1827. Canning and Liverpool were one of four pairs of immediately consecutive Prime Ministers who shared a same birth year, the others being:
William Pitt the Younger (served 1783–1801 and 1804–06) and Lord Grenville (served 1806–07) in 1759
Lord Aberdeen (served 1852–55) and Lord Palmerston (served 1855–58 and 1859–65) in 1784
Harold Wilson (served 1964–70 and 1974–76) and Edward Heath (served 1970–74) in 1916
The decade of the 1730s was the most productive for births of five future Prime Ministers – Lord Rockingham (born 1730, served 1765–66 and 1782), Lord North (born 1732, served 1770–82), the Duke of Grafton (born 1735, served 1768–70), Lord Shelburne (born 1737, served 1782–83) and the Duke of Portland (1738, served 1783 and 1807–09).
Longest lived[edit]
Main article: List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by longevity
The longest-lived Prime Minister was James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, who was born on 27 March 1912 and died on 26 March 2005 at the age of 92 years 364 days, which was the day before his 93rd birthday. Prior to this the longest living Prime Minister was Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, who was born on 10 February 1894 and died on 29 December 1986 (aged 92 years, 322 days).
Of the four former Prime Ministers currently alive, the oldest is John Major, who was born on 29 March 1943 and is 75 years old. If he is still alive on 29 March 2036 (his 93rd birthday), he will surpass Callaghan's record and become the longest-lived Prime Minister.
Shortest lived[edit]
The shortest-lived Prime Minister was the Duke of Devonshire, who was born on 8 May 1720 and died on 2 October 1764 at the age of 44 years and 147 days.
Longest lived after office[edit]
The Prime Minister who lived the longest after leaving office for the final time was the Duke of Grafton, who left office on 28 January 1770 and died on 14 March 1811, a total of 41 years and 45 days.
In recent years, the Prime Minister who lived the longest after leaving office was Edward Heath, whose term ended on 4 March 1974; he died on 17 July 2005, 31 years and 135 days later.
Shortest lived after office[edit]
The Prime Minister who lived the shortest period after leaving office was Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, who resigned on 3 April 1908 and died just 19 days later on 22 April 1908, while still resident in 10 Downing Street.
Intervals between terms of office[edit]
The Duke of Portland was out of office between his two terms for 23 years and 101 days, from 19 December 1783 to 31 March 1807.
The shortest interval (or "fastest comeback") was achieved by Henry Pelham, who resigned on 10 February 1746 but returned to office two days later (12 February) when Lord Bath had been invited to form a ministry but failed to do so. The shortest interval where an intervening ministry had been formed was achieved by Lord Melbourne, who was out of office after being dismissed on 14 November 1834 but returned following the end of successor Sir Robert Peel's first ministry on 18 April 1835 – 155 days (under six months) later.
Female Prime Ministers[edit]
Margaret Thatcher, the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Of all Prime Ministers, only two have been female. Both were Conservative Party leaders.
Margaret Thatcher (served 1979–90)
Theresa May (served 2016–present)
Birthplace[edit]
Bonar Law's childhood home in Rexton, New Brunswick.
Two Prime Ministers were born in Ireland:
Lord Shelburne was born in Dublin, Kingdom of Ireland before the Union of 1801.
The Duke of Wellington was born in Ireland: in one of Athy, Dublin or Dalgan Castle.
Bonar Law was born in the colony of New Brunswick in what is now Canada, the only Prime Minister born outside the British Isles.
All other Prime Ministers were born either in England (47) or Scotland (7). (Although generally considered a Welshman, David Lloyd George was actually born in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Lancashire.)
Facial hair[edit]
British male Prime Ministers when in office have been predominately clean shaven men, except for the following (as borne out by pictures):
Bearded
Benjamin Disraeli (goatee) (served 1868 and 1874–80)
Lord Salisbury (only Prime Minister to wear a full-set beard; served 1885–86, 1886–92, 1895–1902)
Moustached when in office
Arthur Balfour (served 1902–05)
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (served 1905–08)
David Lloyd George (served 1916–22)
Bonar Law (served 1922–23)
Ramsay MacDonald (served 1924 and 1929–35)
Neville Chamberlain (served 1937–40)
Clement Attlee (served 1945–51)
Sir Anthony Eden (served 1955–57)
Harold Macmillan (served 1957–63)
Side whiskers (sideburns)
Lord Grey (served 1830–34)
Lord Melbourne (served 1834 and 1835–41)
Lord John Russell (served 1846–52 and 1865–66)
Lord Aberdeen (served 1852–55)
Lord Palmerston (served 1855–58 and 1859–65)
Lord Derby (served 1852, 1858–59 and 1866–68)
William Ewart Gladstone (served 1868–74, 1880–85, 1886 and 1892–94)
Ethnic minority Prime Ministers[edit]
Benjamin Disraeli, the only ethnically Jewish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The English are a majority within the United Kingdom. Several Prime Ministers have come from the other ethnic groups of the United Kingdom.
Irish
Lord Shelburne (served 1782–83; had a large amount of English ancestry)
The Duke of Wellington (served 1828–30)
Lord Palmerston (served 1855–58 and 1859–65) – represented an English constituency
Scottish
Lord Bute (served 1762–63)
Lord Aberdeen (served 1852–55)
William Ewart Gladstone (served 1868–74, 1880–85, 1886 and 1892–94) – born in England to Scottish parents, represented a Scottish constituency (Midlothian) for his final three terms in office
Arthur Balfour (served 1902–05)
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (served 1905–08)
Bonar Law (served 1922–23) – born in Canada to Scottish parents
Ramsay MacDonald (served 1924 and 1929–35)
Tony Blair (served 1997–2007) – born in Scotland, and went to school there, but subsequently lived in England
Gordon Brown (served 2007–10)
Welsh
David Lloyd George (served 1916–22) – Welsh-speaking, only Prime Minister from a non-English-speaking background
Others
First British Prime Minister of Asian descent – Lord Liverpool whose mother was half-British, half-Indian; her Indian forebears were Hindus who had converted to Roman Catholicism,[1] making him Anglo-Indian.[2]
First ethnically Jewish British Prime Minister – Benjamin Disraeli (although religiously, his family joined the Church of England when he was nine).
Two other Prime Ministers are known to have had Jewish ancestors:
James Callaghan's paternal grandmother, Elizabeth Bernstein, was Jewish.[3]
David Cameron is a great-great-grandson of Emile Levita, a German Jewish financier and a direct descendant of Renaissance scholar Elia Levita. Through Levita, Cameron is a descendant of the Levites, who themselves claim to be descended from Moses.[4] His wife, Cameron's great-great-grandmother, was a descendant of the wealthy Danish Jewish Rée family on her father's side.[5][6]
Religious minority Prime Ministers[edit]
Britain's Prime Ministers have been predominately Anglican by denomination, in an office which has had input into the appointment of that Church's bishops. The first to hold the office from outside the English established church was Lord Bute, who was a member of the Scottish Episcopal Church, while the Duke of Grafton was the first to convert away by formally becoming a Unitarian, after leaving office. Tony Blair is the only British Prime Minister to become a Roman Catholic, albeit he converted after leaving office.
Prime Ministers of other denominations (when in office, unless otherwise stated) were:
Church of Scotland
Arthur Balfour
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Gordon Brown
Scottish Episcopal Church
Lord Bute
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
Unitarian Church
The Duke of Grafton – Church of England when in office, became member of Unitarian congregation in London in 1774.[7]
Neville Chamberlain
Congregationalist Church
H. H. Asquith
Harold Wilson
Baptist
David Lloyd George
James Callaghan – although he became atheist by the time he reached office while working as a trade union official.[8]
Free Church of Scotland
Bonar Law
Ramsay MacDonald
Methodist Church of Great Britain
Margaret Thatcher – until 1951, was Anglican subsequently and while in office.
Roman Catholic Church
Tony Blair – Anglican while in office, he converted to Catholicism after leaving office in 2007.
Judaism
Benjamin Disraeli – until 1817, was Anglican subsequently and while in office.
Disabled Prime Ministers[edit]
At least seven Prime Ministers are known to have been physically disabled when in office:
Lord Liverpool, who was incapacitated by a severe stroke on 17 February 1827,[9] forcing him to retire from office on 9 April 1827.
The Duke of Wellington, who was permanently deaf in his left ear after an operation (intended to improve hearing) in 1822.
William Ewart Gladstone, who lost the forefinger of his left hand in an accident with a firearm in 1842. (He also became partially blind by 1897, following his retirement from office.)
Sir Winston Churchill, who during his second term became increasingly deaf (condition onset in 1949) and had a series of strokes that led to his retirement and using a wheelchair in later years.[10]
Harold Macmillan, who was left with a slight limp and poor strength in his right hand, affecting his handwriting, after several wounds in the First World War.[11]
Gordon Brown, who lost the sight of one eye in a school rugby accident at age of sixteen.[12]
Theresa May, who has type 1 diabetes.[13]
Others became disabled after leaving office, notably:
The Duke of Newcastle, who was left lame and speech-impaired after a stroke in December 1767.
Lord North, who lost his eyesight between 1786 and 1790.
Lord Rosebery, whose movement, hearing and eyesight were increasingly impaired between a stroke in 1918 and his death in 1929.
H. H. Asquith, who became a wheelchair user by his last year (1928) following a stroke.
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, who became deaf by October 1947, when he had to ask if a crowd cheering were booing him.[14]
Prior to taking office, and while serving as an MP, Alec Douglas-Home was immobilized following an operation to treat spinal tuberculosis from 1940 to 1943.
General elections[edit]
Most Prime Ministers in office between general elections[edit]
There have been two intervals between general elections, both in the 18th century, when on both occasions five successive Prime Ministers were in office.
Between the general elections of 1761 and 1768: the Duke of Newcastle (resigned 26 May 1762), Lord Bute (resigned 8 April 1763), George Grenville (resigned 13 July 1765), Lord Rockingham (resigned 30 July 1766) and Lord Chatham (until dissolution of the parliament).
In the shorter interval between the general elections of 1780 and 1784: Lord North (resigned 22 March 1782), Lord Rockingham (second ministry, died in office 1 July 1782), Lord Shelburne (resigned 2 April 1783), the Duke of Portland (resigned 19 December 1783) and William Pitt the Younger (until dissolution of the parliament).
In modern times, since members of the House of Lords ceased to hold Prime Ministerial office (after 1902), there were three Prime Ministers in office between the general elections of 1935 and 1945: Stanley Baldwin (retired 28 May 1937), Neville Chamberlain (resigned 10 May, and subsequently died 1940) and Winston Churchill (until dissolution of the parliament).
Most general elections contested[edit]
The most number of general elections contested by an individual is six. H. H. Asquith contested the January 1910, December 1910, 1918, 1922, 1923 and the 1924 general elections.
The most number of general elections lost by an individual is five. Charles James Fox was unsuccessful after contesting the 1784, 1790, 1796, 1801 co-option and 1802 general elections, and subsequently never became Prime Minister. The most number of general elections won by an individual is four. Robert Walpole, Lord Liverpool, William Ewart Gladstone and Harold Wilson would all win four general elections.
Age at losing a general election[edit]
The youngest person to be on the losing side at a general election was Charles James Fox, who led his Whig Party to defeat in the 1784 general election when aged 35. The youngest Prime Minister to be on the losing side at a general election was Lord Rosebery, who, having resigned his ministry in May 1895, led his Liberal Party to defeat in the general election the following month when aged 48. Since peers ceased to hold this office (1902), the youngest losing Prime Minister was John Major, at 54 years and 33 days when the Conservative Party lost the 1997 general election.
William Ewart Gladstone, was the oldest, at 76 years, when his party lost the 1886 general election, although he returned to office in 1892. The oldest Prime Minister to be defeated without returning to office was Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, who was 75 when the Conservative Party lost the 1880 general election.
Age at winning a general election[edit]
The youngest Prime Minister to be on the winning side at a general election was William Pitt the Younger, who led his Tory Party to victory in the 1784 general election when aged 25. In recent years, the youngest Prime Minister to be on the winning side at a general election was David Cameron, who was 43 years and 209 days old when he led his Conservative Party to victory in the 2010 general election.
William Ewart Gladstone, was the oldest. He was 82 years of age when he returned to office after his Liberal Party were successful in the 1892 general election. The oldest Prime Minister to be victorious at a general election for the first time was Lord Palmerston, who was 72 years of age when his Whig Party won the 1857 general election.
Prime Ministers in office without a general election[edit]
Fourteen Prime Ministers never fought a general election while they held office (or to gain office), usually by serving terms sandwiched between the victor of one election and the Prime Minister who faced the next. Chronologically they were:
Lord Wilmington
The Duke of Devonshire
Lord Bute
George Grenville
The Duke of Grafton
Lord Rockingham (served both his terms election-less)
Lord Shelburne
Spencer Perceval
George Canning
Lord Goderich
Lord Aberdeen
Lord Rosebery
Arthur Balfour[15]
Neville Chamberlain
Prime Ministers who served from (or later entered) the House of Lords[edit]
Main article: List of peerages held by Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
John Russell was unique in serving one entire term at Downing Street as Commons MP, when known as Lord John Russell (as younger son of a Duke of Bedford) in 1846–52, and his second and last entirely as a member of the Lords as the 1st Earl Russell in 1865–66, having been raised to the peerage between terms in 1861.
Without counting Lord Russell, eighteen Prime Ministers served their entire terms from the House of Lords where they were already members, chronologically:
Lord Wilmington
The Duke of Newcastle[*]
The Duke of Devonshire
Lord Bute[*]
Lord Rockingham[*]
The Duke of Grafton
Lord Shelburne (later Lord Lansdowne)
Duke of Portland
Lord Grenville
Lord Liverpool
Lord Goderich (later Lord Ripon)
The Duke of Wellington
Lord Grey
Lord Melbourne
Lord Derby
Lord Aberdeen[*]
Lord Salisbury
Lord Rosebery[*]
* ^ These five Prime Ministers never served in the House of Commons during their political careers.
Three Prime Ministers were elevated from the Commons to the House of Lords during their terms through being raised to the peerage:
Sir Robert Walpole, made the 1st Earl of Orford five days before formally resigning in 1742.
William Pitt the Elder, made the 1st Earl of Chatham five days after taking office in 1766.
Benjamin Disraeli, made the 1st Earl of Beaconsfield in 1876, two years after taking his second term of office in 1874.
Lord North succeeded to his father's peerage as the 2nd Earl of Guilford in 1790 after being in office.
Sir Alec Douglas-Home disclaimed his hereditary peerage as the 14th Earl of Home four days after coming to office in 1963 (under the Peerage Act of that year), giving up his seat in the Lords and subsequently sat in the Commons after succeeding in a by-election, pending which for 20 days he held office from neither House. He returned to the Lords when made life peer as Baron Home of the Hirsel in 1974.
Eleven Prime Ministers have served their entire terms as Members of the House of Commons but were elevated to the House of Lords afterwards by being created peers:
Henry Addington became the 1st Viscount Sidmouth in 1805
Arthur Balfour became the 1st Earl of Balfour in 1922
H. H. Asquith became the 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith in 1925
Stanley Baldwin became the 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley in 1937
David Lloyd-George became the 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor in 1945 (22 years after being Prime Minister – although he did not live to take his seat in the Lords)
Clement Attlee became the 1st Earl Attlee in 1955
Sir Anthony Eden became the 1st Earl of Avon in 1961
Harold Wilson became Baron Wilson of Rievaulx in 1983 (life peer)
Harold Macmillan became the 1st Earl of Stockton in 1984
James Callaghan became Baron Callaghan of Cardiff in 1987 (life peer)
Margaret Thatcher became Baroness Thatcher in 1992 (life peer)
In contrast 17 Prime Ministers preceding the current (Theresa May) have never become members of the House of Lords. Henry Pelham (served 1743 to his death in 1754) was the first to be a lifelong 'Commoner' but the convention of Prime Ministers leading from the House of Commons only became established in the 20th century.
Holders of Irish peerages (with the exception of 28 Irish representative peers allowed after 1801, who were elected from among their peers) legally did not sit in the House of Lords in the Parliaments of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, but were allowed to sit in the House of Commons. Lord Palmerston was the only Irish peer to serve as Prime Minister, thus leading from the House of Commons.
Service in House of Commons[edit]
Main article: List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies represented by sitting Prime Ministers
The shortest period between entering Parliament and being appointed Prime Minister was achieved by William Pitt the Younger who became Prime Minister two years after first becoming an MP. The longest period of service as an MP before becoming Prime Minister was 47 years for Lord Palmerston.
The oldest debut of a future Prime Minister as MP was by Neville Chamberlain who was elected, aged 49 years 261 days, at general election in 1918.[16]
The youngest at first election was Lord Euston (later the Duke of Grafton), who was elected at by election on 10 December 1756 aged 21 years and 73 days. He also had the shortest period as an MP enjoyed by a Prime Minister, nearly five months, representing two successive seats (the first of which he only held for 11 days before being elected for his second) until going to the House of Lords when he succeeded his father as the 3rd Duke of Grafton on 6 May 1757, eleven years before his term of office began.
The longest service as MP was enjoyed by Sir Winston Churchill, who sat for a total of 63 years and 360 days, for five successive seats, between 1 October 1900 and retiring on 25 September 1964, excluding two intervals out of parliament (in 1908 and 1922–24), retiring as Father of the House. He was in the Commons throughout both his terms as Prime Minister, and his service covered the terms of eleven other Prime Ministers, from Lord Salisbury (second ministry) to Sir Alec Douglas-Home, but did not serve under Bonar Law who was in office when Churchill was briefly out of parliament.
David Lloyd George had the longest unbroken career as an MP, for one seat, Carnarvon Boroughs, from a by-election on 10 April 1890 until his death (having received a peerage on 1 January 1945 but not been able to take his seat in the Lords) on 26 March 1945 – a period of 54 years and 350 days. From 1929 he had been Father of the House. It also covered the successive terms of eleven other Prime Ministers, from Lord Salisbury (first ministry) to Winston Churchill (first ministry).
Of intervals between service in the Commons, Sir Alec Douglas-Home had the longest between automatically vacating his seat at Lanark on 11 July 1951 by succeeding his father and going to the House of Lords as the 14th Earl of Home, and gaining his next seat at Kinross and Western Perthshire in a by-election on 7 November 1963 – a total of 12 years 123 days – after becoming Prime Minister and disclaiming his hereditary peerage. He had a previous interval out of the Commons between defeat in the 1945 General Election and returning in that of 1950 more than four years later.
Of parliamentary constituencies that have been represented, none have been represented by more than one serving Prime Minister. Four future Prime Ministers sat for Newport, Isle of Wight (constituency abolished 1832): Lord Palmerston and Sir Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) in 1807–09, George Canning in 1826–27 and William Lamb, later Lord Melbourne in April–May 1827.
It is rare for veteran Prime Ministers sitting in the Commons to lose seats through electoral defeat at subsequent general elections. Those who have are:
Arthur Balfour (Manchester East) in 1906.
Herbert Asquith (East Fife) in 1918.
Ramsay MacDonald (Seaham) in 1935.
Prime Ministers who were Father of the House[edit]
Five Prime Ministers through longest unbroken service became Father of the House. Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first Prime Minister to achieve this status, uniquely while in office, in 1907. He was still serving as an MP when he died shortly after retiring as Prime Minister. The others listed below became Father after the end of their terms. James Callaghan only 4 years and 36 days after end of office, while at the other extreme Edward Heath became Father 18 years after the end of his.
Name
Entered House
Prime Minister
Became Father
Left House
Party
Constituency
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 1868 1905–1908 1907 1908 (died) Liberal Stirling Burghs
David Lloyd George 1890 1916–1922 1929 1945 Liberal Caernarvon Boroughs
Sir Winston Churchill 1900
1940–1945
1951–1955
1959 1964 Conservative
Oldham (1900–06)
Manchester North West (1906–08)
Dundee (1908–22)
Epping (1924–45)
Woodford (1945–64)
James Callaghan 1945 1976–1979 1983 1987 Labour Cardiff South and Penarth
Sir Edward Heath 1950 1970–1974 1992 2001 Conservative Old Bexley and Sidcup
Education[edit]
Main article: List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by education
School with most alumni Prime Ministers – Eton College – 19 (chronologically Sir Robert Walpole to David Cameron)
University with most alumni Prime Ministers – Oxford University – 27 (Lord Wilmington to Theresa May)
University college with most alumni Prime Ministers – Christ Church, Oxford – 13 (George Grenville to Sir Alec Douglas-Home)
Vocational institution with most Prime Ministers as students – The Inns of Court – 11 (Lord Wilmington to Tony Blair). Of these, eight passed through Lincoln's Inn (William Pitt the Younger to Tony Blair).
The first Prime Minister never to have been a university graduate was the Duke of Devonshire (served 1756–57), the last (as of 2018) was John Major (served 1990–97).
Armed forces veterans[edit]
The earliest Prime Minister to be an armed forces veteran was Henry Pelham, Prime Minister in 1743–54, who had served as a volunteer soldier in Dormer's regiment during the Jacobite rising of 1715 and fought at the Battle of Preston that year against the Jacobite forces.
As of 2018 the last Prime Minister to be an armed forces veteran was James Callaghan, Prime Minister in 1976–79, who served in the Royal Navy in the Second World War, from 1942 to 1945, seeing action with the East Indies Fleet and reaching the rank of Lieutenant. He was the only future Prime Minister to serve in the navy rather than the army.
In contrast to many nations, Britain has had only two Prime Ministers who have been military generals: Lord Shelburne, Prime Minister in 1782–83, who was promoted from Lieutenant-General to full General in the British Army in the latter year, and the Duke of Wellington, who achieved the supreme rank of Field Marshal in 1813. He was Prime Minister twice, in 1828–30 and 1834, in the interval between his two terms as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. During his military career he took part in some 60 battles, seeing more wartime combat than any other future Prime Minister.
No future Prime Ministers have yet served in the flying services, although Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister in 1937–40, and Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister in 1940–45 and 1951–55, were honorary Air Commodores in the Auxiliary Air Force during their respective terms of office.
Active service veterans[edit]
Jacobite Rising (1715)
Henry Pelham – Dormer's Regiment – fought Battle of Preston
Jacobite Rising (1745)
Lord Rockingham – Colonel of volunteers raised against invasion from Scotland
Seven Years' War
Lord Shelburne, Colonel, 20th Foot – Canada, France, Germany
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
The Duke of Wellington, Field Marshal, Army – Flanders, India, Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign
In addition, the following served in home based militia, volunteer or yeomanry units raised during the same wars but were not deployed abroad:
William Pitt the Younger, Colonel of volunteers (was serving when died in office 1806)
Lord Grenville, Major of yeomanry, Lieutenant-Colonel of volunteers
Henry Addington, Captain of volunteers
Spencer Perceval, Volunteer, London and Westminster Light Horse
Lord Liverpool, Colonel of fencible cavalry, later of militia
Lord Goderich, Major of yeomanry
Sir Robert Peel, Captain of militia
Lord Melbourne, Major of volunteer infantry
Lord Palmerston, Captain of volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel of militia
Lord Russell, Captain of militia
Mahdist War
Sir Winston Churchill, Lieutenant, 4th Queen's Own Hussars, attached 21st Lancers
Boer War
Sir Winston Churchill, Lieutenant, South African Light Horse and war correspondent (prisoner of war)
First World War
Sir Winston Churchill, Major, Grenadier Guards, later Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Scots Fusiliers – Western Front
Clement Attlee, Major, South Lancashire Regiment – Gallipoli Campaign, Mesopotamian campaign and Western Front (wounded)
Sir Anthony Eden, Major, Rifle Brigade – Western Front
Harold Macmillan, Captain, Grenadier Guards – Western Front (wounded)
Second World War
Note: Although Eden and Sir Alec Douglas-Home were Territorial Army officers at outbreak of war in 1939, neither was mobilised and the latter was invalided due to disabling spinal tuberculosis.
Edward Heath, Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Artillery, North West Europe
James Callaghan, Lieutenant, Royal Navy, East Indies
War bereaved Prime Ministers[edit]
The following lost close relations in their lifetimes as a result of war:
Lord Rosebery – one son killed in action, First World War
H. H. Asquith – one son killed in action, First World War (during his father's period in office)
Bonar Law – two sons killed in action, First World War
Anthony Eden – two brothers killed in action, First World War, and one son killed in action, Second World War
Alec Douglas-Home – one brother killed on active service, Second World War
Also:
Lord Bute – one male line grandson (born in his lifetime) died serving aboard ship in the Napoleonic War
William Ewart Gladstone – two male line grandsons (born in his lifetime) were killed in action, First World War
Lord Salisbury – four male line grandsons (born in his lifetime) were killed in action, First World War
Decorated[edit]
Winston Churchill in uniform
Duke of Wellington in uniform
The most decorated British Prime Minister was Sir Winston Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, who received a total of 38 orders, decorations and medals,[17] from the United Kingdom and thirteen other states (on continents of Europe, Africa, Asia and North America). Ten were awarded for active service as an Army officer in Cuba, India, Egypt, South Africa, the United Kingdom, France and Belgium. The greater number of awards were given in recognition of his service as a minister of the British government.[18][19]
Churchill was also the first and so far only British Prime Minister to receive a Nobel Prize (for Literature, in 1953).
The most widely decorated Prime Minister by the number of states from which he received honours was the Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, who is known to have received 28 orders, decorations and medals from the United Kingdom and seventeen other states (all in Europe), in recognition of his military services.
The British order of knighthood most frequently conferred on Prime Ministers has been the Order of the Garter, of which 30 male Prime Ministers (beginning with Sir Robert Walpole and later including Sir Winston Churchill and Sir Anthony Eden) have been Knight Companions (KG) and the first female, Margaret Thatcher, a Lady Companion (LG) of the Order. Nine Prime Ministers, including Thatcher, received it after serving office. As of 2018, the only currently living Knight among them is John Major, knighted in 2005.
The first and so far only Prime Minister to have received a British gallantry award was Sir Anthony Eden who won the Military Cross (MC) while serving in the army in the First World War, before entering parliament.
Number of living former Prime Ministers[edit]
Main article: Living Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
None[edit]
After Sir Robert Walpole, three other Prime Ministers have been in office at a time when no former Prime Ministers were alive:
Henry Pelham from the death of Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, in 1745 until his own death in 1754.
The Duke of Newcastle from the death of Pelham in 1754 until the end of his first term in 1756.
William Ewart Gladstone from the death of Disraeli in 1881 until the end of his second term in 1885.
One[edit]
After Lord Wilmington, eleven other Prime Ministers have been in office at a time when only one former Prime Minister has been alive:
Henry Pelham from his appointment in August 1743 until the death of Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, in March 1745 only Walpole would be alive.
The Duke of Newcastle in his second term, (July 1757 to May 1762) only the Duke of Devonshire would be alive.
The Duke of Devonshire in his term, (November 1756 to June 1757) only the Duke of Newcastle would be alive.
Lord Russell in his second term, (October 1865 to June 1866) only Lord Derby would be alive.
Lord Derby in his third term, (June 1866 to February 1868) only Lord Russell would be alive.
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, from the death of Lord Russell in May 1878 until the end of his second term in April 1880, only William Ewart Gladstone would be alive.
William Ewart Gladstone from his second appointment in April 1880 until the death of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, in April 1881 only Disraeli would be alive. And in his third term (February 1886 to July 1886) and his fourth term (August 1892 to March 1894) only Lord Salisbury would be alive.
Lord Salisbury in his first term (June 1885 to January 1886) and second term (July 1886 to August 1892), only William Ewart Gladstone would be alive. And from the death of Gladstone in May 1898 until the end of his third term in July 1902 only Lord Rosebery would be alive.
Arthur Balfour from the death of Lord Salisbury in August 1903 until the end of his term in December 1905 only Lord Rosebery would be alive.
Sir Winston Churchill in his second term, (October 1951 to April 1955) only Clement Attlee would be alive.
Clement Attlee from the death of Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, in November 1947 until the end of his term in October 1951 only Winston Churchill would be alive.
Most[edit]
The most living former Prime Ministers at any one time has been five, which has happened several times: the first time was between January and November 1770 (while Lord North was in office) and Lord Bute, George Grenville, Lord Rockingham, Pitt the Elder and the Duke of Grafton were still alive (Grenville died in November 1770); from 1964 to 1965 (while Wilson was in office) with Clement Attlee, Sir Winston Churchill, Sir Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home (Churchill died in January 1965); from April 1976 to January 1977 (while Callaghan was in office) with Sir Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Harold Wilson and Edward Heath (Eden died in January 1977); from May 1979 to December 1986 (while Thatcher was in office) with Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton; Alec Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel; Sir Harold Wilson; Edward Heath; and James Callaghan (Macmillan died in December 1986). The most recent was between November 1990 and May 1995 (while John Major was in office) and Home, Wilson, Heath, Callaghan and Thatcher were still alive (Wilson died in May 1995).
Living former Prime Ministers[edit]
Currently there are four living former Prime Ministers, as of August 2018. From oldest to youngest:
Sir John Major
served 1990–97
born 1943 (age 75)
Gordon Brown
served 2007–10
born 1951 (age 67)
Tony Blair
served 1997–2007
born 1953 (age 65)
David Cameron
served 2010–16
born 1966 (age 51)
The most recent death of a former Prime Minister was that of Baroness Thatcher (served 1979–90) on 8 April 2013 (aged 87 years, 177 days).
Died in office[edit]
Seven Prime Ministers have died in office:
Lord Wilmington, who died on 2 July 1743, aged 70.
Henry Pelham, who died on 6 March 1754, aged 59.
Lord Rockingham, who died on 1 July 1782, aged 52.
William Pitt the Younger, who died on 23 January 1806, aged 46, the youngest to die in office.
Spencer Perceval, who was assassinated by John Bellingham on 11 May 1812, aged 49.
George Canning, who died on 8 August 1827, aged 57.
Lord Palmerston, who died on 18 October 1865, aged 80 (two days before his 81st birthday); the oldest to die in office.
Spencer Perceval is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated. Sir Robert Peel, Margaret Thatcher and John Major survived assassination attempts in 1843, 1984 and 1991 respectively.
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and Bonar Law each resigned during their respective final illnesses. Law died five months after his resignation, but Campbell-Bannerman lived only another 19 days, dying at 10 Downing Street, the only Prime Minister ever to do so. Others who died within the same year they were Prime Minister were the Duke of Portland who died in 1809, 26 days after he left office and Neville Chamberlain, who died in 1940, six months (less a day) after he left office, of a cancer that was undiagnosed at the time of his resignation.
Died while immediate successor was in office[edit]
Nine Prime Ministers have died while their immediate successor was in office:
The Duke of Portland died during Spencer Perceval's term.
Sir Robert Peel died during Lord John Russell's first term.
Lord Aberdeen died during Lord Palmerston's second term.
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, died during William Ewart Gladstone's second term.
William Ewart Gladstone died during Lord Salisbury's third term.
Lord Salisbury died during Arthur Balfour's term.
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman died during H. H. Asquith's term.
Bonar Law died during Stanley Baldwin's first term.
Neville Chamberlain died during Winston Churchill's first term.
All of the above-listed Prime Ministers were older than their immediate successors. The Duke of Portland and Lord Aberdeen are the only ones among this list who have both had immediate successors to die in office.
Married[edit]
Further information: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The longest-married Prime Minister was James Callaghan who was married to his wife Audrey for 66 years from July 1938 until her death on 15 March 2005.
Three Prime Ministers married while in office, all to second wives:
Sir Robert Walpole to Maria Skerrett before 3 March 1738; she died after a miscarriage on 4 June that year, after at least 93 days' marriage, making this the shortest marriage enjoyed by a Prime Minister (although she previously cohabited as his mistress).
The Duke of Grafton to Elizabeth Wrottesley on 24 June 1769; she survived him, dying in 1822.
Lord Liverpool to Lady Maria Chester on 24 September 1822; she survived him.
Widowed[edit]
Widowed the longest[edit]
The British Prime Minister widowed the longest is Lord Rosebery who died more than 38 years after his wife.
Recently, the British Prime Minister widowed the longest is Harold Macmillan, who was widowed from 21 May 1966 to his death on 29 December 1986, a total of over 20 years.
Widowed the shortest[edit]
The British Prime Minister widowed the shortest is James Callaghan, who died on 26 March 2005. His wife, Audrey Callaghan, died on 15 March 2005, only 11 days before him.
Other widowed Prime Ministers[edit]
Sir Robert Walpole (twice widowed, when in office: 1737 and 1738)
The Duke of Devonshire
George Grenville
Lord Shelburne (twice widowed)
Henry Addington
Lord Liverpool (widowed when in office: 1821; remarried)
The Duke of Wellington
Lord Melbourne
Lord Russell (remarried)
Lord Aberdeen (twice widowed)
Benjamin Disraeli
Lord Salisbury (when in office: 1899)
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (when in office: 1906)
H. H. Asquith (remarried)
David Lloyd George (remarried)
Bonar Law
Stanley Baldwin
Ramsay MacDonald
Clement Attlee
Alec Douglas-Home
Margaret Thatcher
Divorced[edit]
Only two British Prime Ministers have been divorced:
The Duke of Grafton divorced his first wife, Anne (née Liddell), by Act of Parliament passed 23 March 1769, during his term of office, then remarried on 24 June that year to Elizabeth Wrottesley. (Anne remarried on 26 March 1769 to John FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Upper Ossory and died in 1804 in Grafton's lifetime.)
Sir Anthony Eden, divorced his first wife Beatrice (née Beckett) in 1950 then remarried two years later to Clarissa Spencer-Churchill on 14 August 1952, before his term of office began. (Beatrice never remarried and died in 1957 in Eden's lifetime.)
Kindred Prime Ministers[edit]
At least 24 British Prime Ministers were related to at least one other Prime Minister by blood or marriage.
Fathers and Sons[edit]
Two sets of father and son have successively held the office:
Lord Chatham (aka "Pitt the Elder") and William Pitt the Younger
George Grenville and Lord Grenville
Brothers[edit]
The only brothers to hold the office were Henry Pelham, who was succeeded on his death in 1754 by the Duke of Newcastle.
Full cousins[edit]
Pitt the Younger and Lord Grenville (who directly succeeded the latter in office) were the only set of full cousins to hold the office, their fathers being brothers-in-law.
Uncles and Nephews[edit]
There have been three blood uncle-nephew sets of Prime Ministers:
Lord Chatham and Lord Grenville
George Grenville and William Pitt the Younger
Lord Salisbury and Arthur Balfour, who succeeded Salisbury in office after the latter's last term. The phrase "Bob's your uncle" is said to have originated in connection with this set, from ministerial promotions Balfour gained under Salisbury.[20][21]
Great-great-uncle and Great-great-nephew[edit]
Lord Wilmington was two-greats uncle of Spencer Perceval, whose mother, Catherine (née Compton), Baroness Arden, was a blood great-niece of Wilmington.
Father-in-law and Son-in-law[edit]
The Duke of Portland, married in 1766 Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of the Duke of Devonshire (who had died in 1764).
Brothers-in-law[edit]
Pitt the Elder was married from 1754 to George Grenville's sister Hester.
Lord Palmerston was married from 1839 to Lord Melbourne's sister Emily, dowager Countess Cowper.
Uncle-in-law and Nephew-in-law[edit]
Sir Winston Churchill and Sir Anthony Eden. In 1952, during Churchill's second term, Eden married Clarissa, daughter of John Strange Spencer-Churchill, Winston's brother, before succeeding to the office.
Great-uncle-in-law and Great-nephew-in-law[edit]
Lord Grenville was married from 1792 to Anne Pitt, daughter of Thomas Pitt, 1st Baron Camelford who was a nephew of William Pitt the Elder.
Other connections[edit]
The Duke of Devonshire had family connections in different ways with five further Prime Ministers:
Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford – Devonshire's sister Lady Rachel Cavendish was married from 1748 to Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (second creation), whose father, Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole was Robert's brother.
Lord Shelburne, later Lord Lansdowne, whose great-grandson Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne was father of Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice who married in 1892 the 4th Duke's great-great-grandson Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire and also became mother-in-law of Harold Macmillan through her daughter Lady Dorothy Macmillan.
Lord Melbourne, whose brother, George Lamb, married in 1809 Lady Caroline St Jules, daughter of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire and granddaughter of the 4th Duke.
Lord Russell, later the 1st Earl Russell, who became great-great uncle of Lady Dorothy Macmillan, the wife of Harold Macmillan. (The intervening chain of descent being Russell's sister, Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn, who was mother of Maud Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne, in turn mother of Evelyn Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, the mother of Dorothy.)
Harold Macmillan, who married in 1920 Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of the 9th Duke of Devonshire and 3-greats-granddaughter of the 4th Duke.
Lord John Russell, later the 1st Earl Russell, was connected in different ways to two further Prime Ministers:
Lord Aberdeen, whose first wife, Lady Catherine Hamilton was sister of James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton, who was father of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn who in 1832 married Russell's sister, Lady Louisa Jane Russell.
Sir Winston Churchill twice:
Churchill's paternal great-great grandfather George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough married in 1762 Lady Caroline Russell, daughter of John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, who was Lord Russell's paternal grandfather via the 6th Duke of Bedford.
Churchill's paternal uncle, George Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough, married in 1868 Lady Albertha Hamilton daughter of the above 1st Duke of Abercorn.
Frederick North, Lord North (later Lord Guilford) and Lord Bute – North's granddaughter, Lady Maria North, married Bute's great-grandson John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute.
The Duke of Wellington and Lord Salisbury – Salisbury's paternal aunt Lady Georgiana Cecil married Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley, Wellington's brother.
Lord Derby and Lord Rosebery – Rosebery's son Neil Primrose, married in 1915 Lady Victoria Stanley, daughter of the 17th Earl of Derby and great-granddaughter of the 14th Earl.
Miscellaneous[edit]
The Prime Minister who had the most children is Lord Grey, who fathered 17 children (16 legitimate, one illegitimate).
The tallest Prime Minister is believed to be Lord Salisbury, who was around 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) in height,[22] although Downing Street's own website lists 6-foot-1-inch (1.85 m) James Callaghan as the tallest.[23]
The longest personal name held by a British Prime Minister was that of Lord Derby whose three forenames and double-barreled surname – Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley – total 32 letters. The shortest baptismal names, each 10 letters long, were held by Lord Bute who was plain John Stuart, and Sir Robert Peel. John Major was baptised "John Roy Major" but his birth certificate simply read "John Major", and so his legal name has only nine letters. (He used the middle name until the 1980s.)[24]
The richest Prime Minister was Lord Derby, with a personal fortune of over £7 million (about £444 million in today's money).[25] The poorest was William Pitt the Younger, who was £40,000 (now over £1 million) in debt by 1800.[26][27]
Three Prime Ministers ultimately died as a result of accidents:
Lord Bute (fall at a home in Hampshire, died from complications at his London home) on 10 March 1792, aged 78, nearly 29 years after leaving office.
Sir Robert Peel (fall from his horse while riding in London), on 2 July 1850, aged 62, four years after leaving office.
Lord Salisbury (fall from his chair at Hatfield House), on 23 August 1903, aged 73, the year after leaving office.
See also[edit]
British politics portal
List of British monarchy records
List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies
List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies represented by sitting Prime Ministers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ D. Leonard 2008 Nineteenth-Century British Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery. Palgrave Macmillan: p. 82.
Jump up ^ Liverpool's mother, Amelia Jenkinson (nee Watts) was daughter of an East India Company official.
Jump up ^ Kenneth O. Morgan, Callaghan: A Life, 1997, p.5 "His father's mother was Elizabeth Bernstein, from Sheffield; he was, therefore, a quarter Jewish as well."
Jump up ^ "David Cameron 'could be a direct descendant of Moses'". The Times. London. 10 July 2009. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Fischer, Joseph (1912). Hartvig Philip Rée og hans slægt; udg. paa Foranledning af Eduard Rée. Copenhagen. pp. 47, 56, 59, 61, 62 & 64
Jump up ^ The Legal Observer, or, Journal of Jurisprudence, Volume 12 (1837?), p. 534
Jump up ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 19. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 924. ISBN 0-19-861369-5.
Jump up ^ "James Callaghan". infobritain.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-03-30. Retrieved 2015-09-14. Spartacus Educational website biography on Lord Liverpool.
Jump up ^ W. Attenborough, Churchill and the Black Dog of Depression (2014), pp. 175–186.
Jump up ^ [1] Spartacus Educational website biography on Harold Macmillan.
Jump up ^ Gaby Hinsliff (10 October 2009). "How Gordon Brown's loss of an eye informs his view of the world". The Observer. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Home Secretary Theresa May diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes". BBC News. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Baldwin: A Biography by Keith Middlemass and John Barnes (1969), page 1070. Publisher, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Jump up ^ Balfour resigned on 5 December 1905 but was immediately succeeded by his then Liberal opponent, Campbell-Bannerman, who did not hold the next general election until January 1906. Balfour contested this as Leader of the Conservative Party and lost.
Jump up ^ Dermot Englefield (1995), Facts About the British Prime Ministers, H.W. Wilson Co, ISBN 978-0-8242-0863-9
Jump up ^ Medals in this context mean wearable awards, not including prize medals such as those accompanying the Nobel Prizes.
Jump up ^ The Orders, Decorations and Medals of Sir Winston Churchill – The Churchill Centre
Jump up ^ Before Churchill, the most decorated was the Duke of Wellington, whose orders, decorations and medals totaled at least 28.
Jump up ^ Trahair, R.C.S. (1994). From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms With Biographies in the Social Science. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 72. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Bernstein, Jonathan (2006). Knickers in a Twist: A Dictionary of British Slang. Canongate U.S. p. 65. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Englefield, Dermot; Janet Seaton; Isobel White (1995). Facts About the British Prime Ministers. Mansell. p. 374.
Jump up ^ "James Callaghan". 10 Downing Street. Archived from the original on 2007-06-25.
Jump up ^ "John Major". History and Tour. 10 Downing Street. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Richest British Prime Minister". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 12-04-2013. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
Jump up ^ "PITT, Hon. William (1759–1806), of Holwood and Walmer Castle, Kent". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "William Pitt the Younger". Regency History. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
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AT&T Byron Nelson
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Dallas Open" redirects here. For the ATP Tour tennis tournament, see Dallas Open (tennis). For the LPGA Tour golf tournament, see Mary Kay Classic.
AT&T Byron Nelson
Tournament information
Location
Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Established
1944,[1] 74 years ago
Course(s)
Trinity Forest Golf Club (2018)
Par
71
Length
7,380 yards (6,748 m)[2][3]
Tour(s)
PGA Tour
Format
Stroke play
Prize fund
$7.7 million
Month played
May
Tournament record score
Aggregate
261 Rory Sabbatini (2009),
261 Aaron Wise (2018)
To par
−23 Aaron Wise (2018)
Current champion
Aaron Wise
Dallas
Location in the United States
Dallas
Location in Texas
The AT&T Byron Nelson is a golf tournament in Texas on the PGA Tour. The tournament is held in May, and in 2018 moved to the new Trinity Forest Golf Club in Dallas. It is one of two PGA Tour stops in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex – the only metropolitan area to host two events. The tournament is the leading fundraiser for charity on the PGA Tour and has raised more than $143 million.[citation needed] For much of its history, it was the only PGA Tour stop named after a professional golfer; it remains one of only two such events, along with the Arnold Palmer Invitational. As host, Byron Nelson (1912–2006) commonly made appearances during the tournament. It is hosted by the Salesmanship Club of Dallas, a 600-member civic organization, and has benefited the Club's nonprofit Momentous Institute since its inception.[4][citation needed]
For its first several decades, the tournament was played at a various courses in Dallas. Nelson, a Texas native raised in Fort Worth, was the tournament's first winner in 1944,[5] when it was played at Lakewood Country Club. The following year it was played at Dallas Country Club, and then in 1946 moved to Brook Hollow Golf Club. For the better part of the next decade the event was not contested, until two iterations of it were held in 1956, both at Preston Hollow Country Club. In 1957, the event moved to Glen Lake Country Club before it began a decade-long relationship with Oak Cliff Country Club, from 1958–1967.
In 1968, fifty years ago, the event was renamed the Byron Nelson Golf Classic[6][7] and its title, through a series of sponsors, has continuously included Nelson's name. That same year the event moved to Preston Trail Golf Club,[7] where it was played through 1982, then moved to venues in Irving: Las Colinas Sports Club (1983–1985) and TPC at Las Colinas (1986–1993).
Beginning in 1994, the tournament was played at two courses, the Tournament Players Course and the Cottonwood Valley Course, both located at the Four Seasons. Previously only the TPC was used, but since the tournament was played in May (during the height of the North Texas storm season), the weather played havoc with the tournament in some years, causing several delays and shortened tournaments. Therefore, the decision was made to add the Cottonwood Valley course in order to shorten the amount of time needed to complete the first two rounds. The first two rounds were played on both courses (each player played one round on each course); after the cut was determined, the TPC is used exclusively for the final two rounds. However, in 2008 the tournament reverted to using only the TPC course, which was significantly renovated.
Hewlett-Packard (HP) bought the previous title sponsor, Electronic Data Systems (EDS) in mid-2008.[8] The agreement ran through 2014, with AT&T becoming the title sponsor in 2015.[9]
In 2018, the tournament moved to the new Trinity Forest Golf Club, southeast of downtown Dallas.[10]
Contents
1 Course layout
2 Winners
3 Multiple winners
4 Tournament highlights
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Course layout[edit]
Main article: Trinity Forest Golf Club
AT&T Byron Nelson in 2018
Hole
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Out
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
In
Total
Yards 552 235 412 443 315 420 570 140 505 3,592 416 471 205 480 630 440 429 215 502 3,788 7,380
Par 5 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 36 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 3 4 35 71
Source:[2][3]
Hole #11 is a par 5 for members, 537 yards (491 m) from the back tees
The approximate average elevation is 390 feet (120 m) above sea level
Winners[edit]
Year
Player
Country
Score
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
Winner's
share ($)
Purse ($)
Ref
AT&T Byron Nelson
2018 Aaron Wise United States 261 −23 3 strokes Marc Leishman 1,386,000 7,700,000
2017 Billy Horschel United States 268 −12 Playoff Jason Day 1,350,000 7,500,000
2016 Sergio García (2) Spain 265 −15 Playoff Brooks Koepka 1,314,000 7,300,000
2015 Steven Bowditch Australia 259** −18 4 strokes Charley Hoffman
Scott Pinckney
Jimmy Walker 1,278,000 7,100,000
HP Byron Nelson Championship
2014 Brendon Todd United States 266 −14 2 strokes Mike Weir 1,242,000 6,900,000
2013 Bae Sang-moon South Korea 267 −13 2 strokes Keegan Bradley 1,206,000 6,700,000
2012 Jason Dufner United States 269 −11 1 stroke Dicky Pride 1,170,000 6,500,000
2011 Keegan Bradley United States 277 −3 Playoff Ryan Palmer 1,170,000 6,500,000
2010 Jason Day Australia 270 −10 2 strokes Blake Adams
Brian Gay
Jeff Overton 1,170,000 6,500,000
2009 Rory Sabbatini South Africa 261 −19 2 strokes Brian Davis 1,170,000 6,500,000
EDS Byron Nelson Championship
2008 Adam Scott Australia 273 −7 Playoff Ryan Moore 1,152,000 6,400,000
2007 Scott Verplank United States 267 −13 1 stroke Luke Donald 1,134,000 6,300,000
2006 Brett Wetterich United States 268 −12 1 stroke Trevor Immelman 1,116,000 6,200,000
2005 Ted Purdy United States 265 −15 1 stroke Sean O'Hair 1,116,000 6,200,000
2004 Sergio García Spain 270 −10 Playoff Robert Damron
Dudley Hart 1,044,000 5,800,000
2003 Vijay Singh Fiji 265 −15 2 strokes Nick Price 1,008,000 5,600,000
Verizon Byron Nelson Classic
2002 Shigeki Maruyama Japan 266 −14 2 strokes Ben Crane 864,000 4,800,000
2001 Robert Damron United States 263 −17 Playoff Scott Verplank 810,000 4,500,000
GTE Byron Nelson Classic
2000 Jesper Parnevik Sweden 269 −11 Playoff Davis Love III
Phil Mickelson 720,000 4,000,000
1999 Loren Roberts United States 262 −18 Playoff Steve Pate 540,000 3,000,000
GTE Byron Nelson Golf Classic
1998 John Cook United States 265 −15 3 strokes Fred Couples
Harrison Frazar
Hal Sutton 450,000 2,500,000
1997 Tiger Woods United States 263 −17 2 strokes Lee Rinker 324,000 1,800,000
1996 Phil Mickelson United States 265 −15 2 strokes Craig Parry 270,000 1,500,000
1995 Ernie Els South Africa 263 −17 3 strokes Robin Freeman
Mike Heinen
D. A. Weibring 234,000 1,300,000
1994 Neal Lancaster United States 132^ −9 Playoff Tom Byrum
Mark Carnevale
David Edwards
Yoshi Mizumaki
David Ogrin 216,000 1,200,000
1993 Scott Simpson United States 270 −10 1 stroke Billy Mayfair
Corey Pavin
D. A. Weibring 216,000 1,200,000
1992 Billy Ray Brown United States 199* −11 Playoff Ben Crenshaw
Raymond Floyd
Bruce Lietzke 198,000 1,100,000
1991 Nick Price Zimbabwe 270 −10 1 stroke Craig Stadler 198,000 1,100,000
1990 Payne Stewart United States 202* −8 2 strokes Lanny Wadkins 180,000 1,000,000
1989 Jodie Mudd United States 265 −15 Playoff Larry Nelson 180,000 1,000,000
1988 Bruce Lietzke (2) United States 271 −9 Playoff Clarence Rose 135,000 750,000
Byron Nelson Golf Classic
1987 Fred Couples United States 266 −14 Playoff Mark Calcavecchia 108,000 600,000
1986 Andy Bean United States 269 −11 1 stroke Mark Wiebe 108,000 600,000
1985 Bob Eastwood United States 272 −8 Playoff Payne Stewart 90,000 500,000
1984 Craig Stadler United States 276 −8 1 stroke David Edwards 90,000 500,000
1983 Ben Crenshaw United States 273 −7 1 stroke Brad Bryant
Hal Sutton 72,000 400,000
1982 Bob Gilder United States 266 −14 5 strokes Curtis Strange 63,000 350,000
1981 Bruce Lietzke United States 281 +1 Playoff Tom Watson 54,000 300,000
1980 Tom Watson (4) United States 274 −6 1 stroke Bill Rogers 54,000 300,000
1979 Tom Watson (3) United States 275 −5 Playoff Bill Rogers 54,000 300,000
1978 Tom Watson (2) United States 272 −8 1 stroke Lee Trevino 40,000 200,000
1977 Raymond Floyd United States 276 −8 2 strokes Ben Crenshaw 40,000 200,000
1976 Mark Hayes United States 273 −11 2 strokes Don Bies 40,000 200,000
1975 Tom Watson United States 269 −15 2 strokes Bob E. Smith 35,000 175,000
1974 Buddy Allin United States 269 −15 4 strokes Homero Blancas
Charles Coody
Lee Trevino
Tom Watson 30,000 150,000
1973 Lanny Wadkins United States 277 −3 Playoff Dan Sikes 30,000 150,000
1972 Chi-Chi Rodríguez United States 273 −7 Playoff Billy Casper 25,000 125,000
1971 Jack Nicklaus (2) United States 274 −6 2 strokes Frank Beard
Jerry McGee 25,000 125,000
1970 Jack Nicklaus United States 274 −6 Playoff Arnold Palmer 20,000 100,000
1969 Bruce Devlin Australia 277 −3 1 stroke Frank Beard
Bruce Crampton 20,000 100,000
1968 Miller Barber United States 270 −10 1 stroke Kermit Zarley 20,000 100,000
Dallas Open Invitational
1967 Bert Yancey United States 274 −10 1 stroke Roberto De Vicenzo
Kermit Zarley 20,000 100,000
1966 Roberto De Vicenzo Argentina 276 −8 1 stroke Joe Campbell
Raymond Floyd
Harold Henning 15,000 85,000
1965 No tournament
1964 Charles Coody United States 271 −13 1 stroke Jerry Edwards 5,800 40,000
1963 No tournament − Dallas hosted 1963 PGA Championship
1962 Billy Maxwell United States 277 −3 4 strokes Johnny Pott 5,300 35,000
1961 Earl Stewart United States 278 −6 1 stroke Gay Brewer
Arnold Palmer
Doug Sanders 4,300 30,000
1960 Johnny Pott United States 275 −5 Playoff Ted Kroll
Bo Wininger 3,500 25,000
1959 Julius Boros United States 274 −10 1 stroke Dow Finsterwald
Earl Stewart
Bo Wininger 3,500 25,000
1958 Sam Snead (3) United States 272 −12 Playoff Julius Boros
John McMullen
Gary Player 3,500 25,000
1957 Sam Snead (2) United States 264 −20 10 strokes Bob Inman
Billy Maxwell
Cary Middlecoff 8,000 40,000 [11]
Texas International Open
1956
(June) Peter Thomson Australia 267 −13 Playoff Gene Littler
Cary Middlecoff 13,478 70,000 [12]
Dallas Centennial Open
1956
(May) Don January United States 268 −12 1 stroke Dow Finsterwald
Doug Ford 6,000 30,000 [13]
1947-55: No tournament
Dallas Invitational
1946 Ben Hogan United States 284 +4 2 strokes Herman Keiser
Paul Runyan 2,000 10,000 [14]
Dallas Open
1945 Sam Snead United States 276 −12 4 strokes Jug McSpaden 2,000 10,000 [15]
Texas Victory Open
1944 Byron Nelson United States 276 −8 10 strokes Jug McSpaden 2,000 10,000 [16]
** Par for final three rounds lowered to 69 due to course flooding; 14th hole was converted to a par 3
* Indicates weather-shortened to 54 holes
^ Indicates weather-shortened to 36 holes
Note: Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Main sources[5][17][18][19]
Multiple winners[edit]
Five men have won this tournament more than once through 2017.
4 wins
Tom Watson: 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980
3 wins
Sam Snead: 1945, 1957, 1958
2 wins
Jack Nicklaus: 1970, 1971
Bruce Lietzke: 1981, 1988
Sergio García: 2004, 2016
Tournament highlights[edit]
1956: Peter Thomson, a five-time winner of The Open Championship shoots a final round 63, then makes birdie on the first two holes of sudden death to defeat Gene Littler and Cary Middlecoff. It was his one and only PGA Tour victory in the United States.[20]
1976: Mark Hayes becomes the first wire to wire winner of the Nelson.[21]
1981: Bruce Lietzke defeated Tom Watson in a playoff spoiling Watson's bid for a 4th straight Nelson triumph.[22]
1985: Bob Eastwood defeated Payne Stewart in a playoff after coming to the 72nd hole trailing Stewart by three shots. Eastwood made birdie on the final hole while Stewart made double bogey. Stewart made yet another double bogey on the first hole of sudden death to give Eastwood the title.[23]
1994: Neal Lancaster won the first ever six-player sudden death playoff in PGA Tour history. He made a birdie on the first playoff hole to defeat Tom Byrum, Mark Carnevale, David Edwards, Yoshi Mizumaki, and David Ogrin.[24]
2005: Tiger Woods' record streak of 142 cuts made came to an end at this tournament.
2008: Australian Adam Scott sank a 48-foot putt on the third playoff hole to clinch victory over American Ryan Moore.
2010: At age 16, Jordan Spieth (the defending U.S. Junior Amateur champion, and a student at nearby Jesuit College Preparatory School) became the youngest player to play in the tournament, courtesy of a sponsor's exemption (the first one granted since 1995). Spieth would make the cut (becoming the sixth-youngest person in PGA Tour history to make a professional tour event cut) and finish 16th overall. (In 2011 Spieth would again be granted a sponsor's exemption and would again make the cut, finishing 32nd overall.)
2013: Keegan Bradley hits a course-record 60 (−10) in the first round. Bradley leads the first three rounds, but Bae Sang-moon earned the win.[25]
See also[edit]
Dallas Open (1926)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ History Archived May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "Course map". AT&T Byron Nelson. May 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Championship scorecard" (PDF). Trinity Forest Golf Club. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Our Charity Archived October 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b 2012 HP Byron Nelson Championship Media Guide
Jump up ^ "Tourney named for Lord Byron". Schenectady Gazette. New York. UPI. April 23, 1968. p. 22.
^ Jump up to: a b "Byron Nelson Classic in color from Dallas". Schenectady Gazette. New York. April 27, 1968. p. 7, TV.
Jump up ^ "HP becomes new sponsor of Byron Nelson Championship". PGA Tour. October 2, 2008. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Nichols, Bill (May 11, 2013). "Nichols: Byron Nelson's new home should be ready when the contract with TPC expires in 2018". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Durrett, Richard (May 15, 2013). "Byron Nelson plots 2019 move". ESPN. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sam Sneads Wins Dallas Tourney By 10 Strokes". Park City Daily News. Bowling Green, Kentucky. Associated Press. September 16, 1957. p. 9. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Peter Thomson Wins His First U.S. Golf Match". The Gettysburg Times. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. June 4, 1956. p. 5. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Don January Eyes Second Big Golf Prize". The Gettysburg Times. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. May 28, 1956. p. 4. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Little Ben Hogan Takes Dallas Open". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Lewiston, Maine. Associated Press. September 30, 1946. p. 12. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sammy Snead Wins Dallas Open Golf". Lodi News-Sentinel. Lodi, California. United Press. September 10, 1945. p. 3. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Nelson Adda To Bankings". San Jose Evening News. San Jose, California. International News Service. September 11, 1944. p. 6. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ AT&T Byron Nelson – Winners – at www.pgatour.com
Jump up ^ HP Byron Nelson Championship – Winners – at golfobserver.com (1970–2009)
Jump up ^ Johnson, Sal; Seanor, Dave, eds. (2009). The USA Today Golfers Encyclopedia. New York, New York: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60239-302-8.
Jump up ^ Australian Thomson Texas Open Champ
Jump up ^ Wire To Wire, It's Hayes
Jump up ^ Lietzke holds off Watson
Jump up ^ Eastwood takes playoff victory
Jump up ^ Journeyman golfer wins big playoff
Jump up ^ Hawkins, Stephen (May 20, 2013). "Sang-Moon wins the HP Byron Nelson Championship". PGA of America. Associated Press. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
External links[edit]
Official website
Coverage on the PGA Tour's official site
Media Guide
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