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Northern California
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This article is about the northern part of the U.S. state of California. For the historic region, see Alta California.
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Place in California, United States
Northern California
Clockwise: California State Capitol in Sacramento, Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco skyline, San Jose skyline, Muir Woods National Monument, the northern California coast as seen from Muir Beach Overlook, view of the California side of Lake Tahoe and Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz.

Northern California counties in red
Country
United States
State
California
Major Cities
San Jose
San Francisco
Sacramento
Oakland
Fresno
Stockton
Modesto
Hayward
Fremont
Santa Rosa
Sunnyvale
San Rafael
Redding
Salinas
Visalia
Chico
Eureka
Largest city
San Jose
Population (2015)
15,376,997
Northern California (colloquially known as NorCal) is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties[1][2] its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area (anchored by the cities of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland), the Greater Sacramento area (anchored by the state capital Sacramento), and the Metropolitan Fresno area (anchored by the city of Fresno). Northern California also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada, including Yosemite Valley and part of Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and most of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.
The 48-county definition is not used for the Northern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States. The megaregion's area is instead defined from Metropolitan Fresno north to Greater Sacramento, and from the Bay Area east across Nevada state line to encompass the entire Lake Tahoe-Reno area.[3]
Native Americans arrived in northern California at least as early as 8,000 to 5,000 BC and perhaps even much earlier, and successive waves of arrivals led to one of the most densely populated areas of pre-Columbian North America. The arrival of European explorers from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries did not establish European settlements in northern California. In 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast—eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County.
Contents
1 Description
2 Significance
3 Cities
4 History
4.1 Historical events to 1847
4.1.1 European explorers
4.1.2 Spanish era
4.1.3 Russian presence
4.1.4 Mexican era
4.1.5 American interest
4.1.6 Californian independence and beginning of United States era
4.2 Gold Rush and California statehood
4.3 Population and agricultural expansion (1855–1899)
5 Economy
6 Climate
7 Population
8 Parks and other protected areas
8.1 National Park System
8.2 National Monuments and other federally protected areas
8.3 Other parks and protected areas
9 Educational institutions
9.1 Public institutions
9.2 Private institutions
9.3 Research institutions
10 Counties
11 Regions
12 Cities and towns in northern California with more than 50,000 inhabitants
12.1 Metropolitan areas
12.2 Major business districts
13 Transportation
13.1 Airports within northern California
13.2 Railroad
13.3 Major transit organizations
13.4 Major transit ferries
13.5 Freeways
13.5.1 Interstate highways
13.5.2 U.S. Routes
13.5.3 Principal state highways
14 Communication
14.1 Telephone Area Codes
15 Sports
15.1 Major league professional sports teams
15.2 College sports teams
15.3 Sports venues
15.4 Sports events
16 See also
17 References
18 External links
Description[edit]
Map of northern California counties
Map of the three Californias on the Cal 3 ballot proposal
Northern California
California
Southern California
Northern California is not a formal geographic designation. California's north-south midway division is around 39° latitude, near the level of San Francisco. Popularly, though, "Northern California" usually refers to the state's northernmost 48 counties. Because of California's large size and diverse geography, the state can be subdivided in other ways as well. For example, the Central Valley is a region that is distinct both culturally and topographically from coastal California, though in northern versus southern California divisions, the Sacramento Valley and most of the San Joaquin Valley are usually placed in northern California.[citation needed]
The state is often considered as having an additional division north of the urban areas of the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento metropolitan areas. Extreme northern residents have felt under-represented in state government and in 1941 attempted to form a new state with southwestern Oregon to be called Jefferson, or more recently to introduce legislation to split California into two or three states. The coastal area north of the Bay Area is referred to as the North Coast, while the interior region north of Sacramento is referred by locals as the Northstate.[4]
Northern California is the name of a proposed new state on the 2018 California ballot created by splitting the existing state into three parts.[5]
Significance[edit]
Since the events of the California Gold Rush, Northern California has been a leader on the world's economic, scientific, and cultural stages. From the development of gold mining techniques and logging practices in the 19th century that were later adopted around the world, to the development of world-famous and online business models (such as Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Google, Yahoo!, and eBay), northern California has been at the forefront of new ways of doing business. In science, advances range from being the first to isolate and name fourteen transuranic chemical elements, to breakthroughs in microchip technology. Cultural contributions include the works of Ansel Adams, George Lucas, and Clint Eastwood, as well as beatniks, the Summer of Love, winemaking, the cradle of the international environmental movement, and the open, casual workplace first popularized in the Silicon Valley dot-com boom and now widely in use around the world. Other examples of innovation across diverse fields range from Genentech (development and commercialization of genetic engineering) to CrossFit as a pioneer in extreme human fitness and training. It is also home to one of the largest Air Force Bases on the West Coast, and the largest of California, Travis Air Force Base.
Cities[edit]
Northern California's largest metropolitan area is the San Francisco Bay Area which includes the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, and their many suburbs. In recent years the Bay Area has drawn more commuters from as far as Central Valley cities such as Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Turlock and Modesto. With expanding development in all these areas, the San Francisco Bay Area, Monterey Bay Area, and central part of the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada foothills may now be viewed as part of a single megalopolis.[3] The 2010 U.S. Census showed that the Bay Area grew at a faster rate than the Greater Los Angeles Area while Greater Sacramento had the largest growth rate of any metropolitan area in California.
The state's larger inland cities are considered part of Northern California in cases when the state is divided into two parts. Important cities in the region not in major metropolitan areas include Eureka on the far North Coast, Redding, at the northern end of the Central Valley, Chico, and Yuba City in the mid-north of the Valley, as well as Fresno and Visalia on the southern end. Though smaller in every case except for Fresno than the larger cities of the vast region, these smaller regional centers are often of historical, and perhaps inflated economic importance for their respective size, due to their locations, which are primarily rural or otherwise isolated.
San Francisco, the second most populated city in Northern California and the leading economic center of the San Francisco Bay Area, its most populous metropolitan area (4.7 million residents) and the 14th largest in the United States.
Oakland, the center of Northern California's African American community.
Sacramento, The capital city of California and the principal city of the Sacramento metropolitan area (2.5 million residents).
San Jose, the most populous city in Northern California and tenth largest in the United States, is the center of Silicon Valley, the preeminent region for technology in the US (1.9 million residents).
Downtown Fresno, third most populated city in northern California and fifth in California, from Chuckchansi Park
History[edit]
Historical events to 1847[edit]
Inhabited for millennia by Native Americans, from the Shasta tribe in the north, to the Miwoks in the central coast and Sierra Nevada, to the Yokuts of the southern Central Valley, northern California was among the most densely populated areas of pre-Columbian North America.[6]
European explorers[edit]
The first European to explore the coast was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing for the Spanish Crown; in 1542, Cabrillo's expedition sailed perhaps as far north as the Rogue River in today's Oregon.[7] Beginning in 1565, the Spanish Manila galleons crossed the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to the Spanish Philippines, with silver and gemstones from Mexico. The Manila galleons returned across the northern Pacific, and reached North America usually off the coast of northern California, and then continued south with their Asian trade goods to Mexico.
In 1579, northern California was visited by the English explorer Sir Francis Drake who landed north of today's San Francisco and claimed the area for England. In 1602, the Spaniard Sebastián Vizcaíno explored California's coast as far north as Monterey Bay, where he went ashore. Other Spanish explorers sailed along the coast of northern California for the next 150 years, but no settlements were established.
Spanish era[edit]
The first European inhabitants were Spanish missionaries, who built missions along the California coast. The mission at Monterey was first established in 1770, and at San Francisco in 1776. In all, ten missions stretched along the coast from Sonoma to Monterey (and still more missions to the southern tip of Baja California). In 1786, the French signaled their interest in the northern California area by sending a voyage of exploration to Monterey.
The first twenty years of the 19th century continued the colonization of the northern California coast by Spain. By 1820, Spanish influence extended inland approximately 25 to 50 miles (80 km) from the missions. Outside of this zone, perhaps 200,000 to 250,000 Native Americans continued to lead traditional lives. The Adams-Onís Treaty, signed in 1819 between Spain and the young United States, set the northern boundary of the Spanish claims at the 42nd parallel, effectively creating today's northern boundary of northern California.
Russian presence[edit]
Russians, from Alaska, were moving down the coast, and in 1812 established Fort Ross, a fur trading outpost on the coast of today's Sonoma County. Fort Ross was the southernmost point of expansion, meeting the Spanish northern expansion some 70 miles (113 km) north of San Francisco. In 1841, as the American presence in northern California began to increase and politics began to change the region, a deal was made with John Sutter and the Russians abandoned their northern California settlements.
Mexican era[edit]
After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico continued Spain's missions and settlements in northern California as well as Spain's territorial claims. The Mexican Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) in these settlements primarily traded cattle hides and tallow with American and European merchant vessels.
Coast Redwoods in Muir Woods National Monument, in Marin County.
In 1825, the Hudson's Bay Company established a major trading post just north of today's Portland, Oregon. British fur trappers and hunters then used the Siskiyou Trail to travel throughout northern California.[8] The leader of a further French scientific expedition to northern California, Eugene Duflot de Mofras, wrote in 1840 "...it is evident that California will belong to whatever nation chooses to send there a man-of-war and two hundred men."[9]:260 By the 1830s, a significant number of non-Californios had immigrated to northern California. Chief among these was John Sutter, a European immigrant from Switzerland, who was granted 48,827 acres (197.60 km2) centered on the area of today's Sacramento.[10]
American interest[edit]
American trappers began entering northern California in the 1830s.[9]:263–4 In 1834, American visionary Ewing Young led a herd of horses and mules over the Siskiyou Trail from missions in northern California to British and American settlements in Oregon. Although a small number of American traders and trappers had lived in northern California since the early 1830s, the first organized overland party of American immigrants to arrive in northern California was the Bartleson-Bidwell Party of 1841 via the new California Trail.[9]:263–273 Also in 1841, an overland exploratory party of the United States Exploring Expedition came down the Siskiyou Trail from the Pacific Northwest. In 1846, the Donner Party earned notoriety as they struggled to enter northern California.
Californian independence and beginning of United States era[edit]
When the Mexican–American War was declared on May 13, 1846, it took almost two months (mid-July 1846) for word to get to California. On June 14, 1846, some 30 non-Mexican settlers, mostly Americans, staged a revolt and seized the small Mexican garrison in Sonoma. They raised the "Bear Flag" of the California Republic over Sonoma. The "Bear Flag Republic" lasted only 26 days, until the U.S. Army, led by John Frémont, took over on July 9.[11] The California state flag today is based on this original Bear Flag, and continues to contain the words "California Republic."
Commodore John Drake Sloat ordered his naval forces to occupy Yerba Buena (present San Francisco) on July 7 and within days American forces controlled San Francisco, Sonoma, and Sutter's Fort in Sacramento.[11] The treaty ending the Mexican–American War was signed on February 2, 1848, and Mexico formally ceded Alta California (including all of present-day northern California) to the United States.
Gold Rush and California statehood[edit]
The California Gold Rush took place almost exclusively in northern California from 1848–1855. It began on January 24, 1848, when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in Coloma.[12] News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 people coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. San Francisco grew from a tiny hamlet of tents to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service and railroads were built. However, the Gold Rush also had negative effects: Native Americans were attacked and pushed off traditional lands, the native oyster species became overharvested and nearly wiped out all the way into the Pacific Northwest, and gold mining caused environmental harm.
The Gold Rush also increased pressure to make California a U.S. state. Pro-slavery politicians initially attempted to permanently divide northern and southern California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise. But instead, the passing of the Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state.
Population and agricultural expansion (1855–1899)[edit]
Farm near Mount Shasta
The decades following the Gold Rush brought dramatic expansion to northern California, both in population and economically – particularly in agriculture. The completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, with its terminus in Sacramento, meant that northern California's agricultural produce (and some manufactured goods) could now be shipped economically to the rest of the United States. In return, immigrants from the rest of the United States (and Europe) could comfortably come to northern California. A network of railroads spread throughout northern California, and in 1887, a rail link was completed to the Pacific Northwest. Almost all of these railways came under the control of the Southern Pacific Railroad, headquartered in San Francisco, and San Francisco continued as a financial and cultural center.
Substantial tensions during this era included nativist sentiments (primarily against Chinese immigrants), tensions between the increasing power of the Southern Pacific Railroad and small farmers, and the beginnings of the labor union movement.
Economy[edit]
Northern California's economy is noted for being the de facto world leader in industries such as high technology (software, semiconductor/micro-electronics, biotechnology and medical devices/instruments), as well as being known for clean power, biomedical, government, and finance. Other significant industries include tourism, shipping, manufacturing, and agriculture. Its economy is diverse, though more concentrated in high technology, and subject to the whims of venture capital than any other major regional economy in the nation especially within Silicon Valley, and less dependent on oil and residential housing than Southern California. It is home to the state capital, as well as several Western United States regional offices in San Francisco, such as the Federal Reserve and 9th Circuit Court.
Climate[edit]
Köppen climate types in northern California
Northern California has warm or mild to cold climate, in which the Sierra gets snow in the late fall through winter and occasionally into spring. Summers are warm and dry while winters are cool and usually wet. The high temperatures range from 50s to 30s in the winters while summers temperature range is 90s to 60s or 50s, with highs well into the 100s for the Sacramento region. Snow gets covered on the mountains in mid January through February. Fog occurs infrequently or occurs normally in the west and coast.
Population[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1850 86,105 —
1860 346,714 302.7%
1870 516,089 48.9%
1880 772,778 49.7%
1890 961,628 24.4%
1900 1,147,725 19.4%
1910 1,569,141 36.7%
1920 2,003,075 27.7%
1930 2,632,273 31.4%
1940 3,066,654 16.5%
1950 4,654,248 51.8%
1960 6,318,482 35.8%
1970 7,849,575 24.2%
1980 9,359,160 19.2%
1990 11,490,926 22.8%
2000 13,234,136 15.2%
2010 14,573,946 10.1%
The population of the forty-eight counties of northern California has shown a steady increase over the years.[13][14] The 1850 census almost certainly undercounted the population of the area, especially undercounting a still substantial Native American population.[citation needed]
The largest percentage increase outside the Gold Rush era (51%) came in the decade of the 1940s, as the area was the destination of many post-War veterans and their families, attracted by the greatly expanding industrial base and (often) by their time stationed in northern California during World War II. The largest absolute increase occurred during the decade of the 1980s (over 2.1 million person increase), attracted to job opportunities in part by the expansion taking place in Silicon Valley and the Cold War era expansion of the defense industry. The 2010 U.S. Census revealed that northern California grew at a faster rate than Southern California in the 2000s with a rate slightly higher than the state average.
Parks and other protected areas[edit]
National Park System[edit]
Main articles: List of areas in the National Park System of the United States and List of National Parks of the United States
The U.S. National Park System controls a large and diverse group of parks in northern California. The best known is Yosemite National Park, which is displayed on the reverse side of the California state quarter. Other prominent parks are the Kings Canyon-Sequoia National Park complex, Redwood National Park, Pinnacles National Park, Lassen Volcanic National Park and the largest in the contiguous forty-eight states, Death Valley National Park.
National Monuments and other federally protected areas[edit]
Main articles: List of National Monuments of the United States, United States National Marine Sanctuary, List of National Wildlife Refuges, and List of U.S. National Forests
Other areas under federal protection include Muir Woods National Monument, Giant Sequoia National Monument, Devils Postpile National Monument, Lava Beds National Monument, Point Reyes National Seashore, the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and the Cordell Bank and Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuaries (both off the coast of San Francisco). Included within the latter National Marine Sanctuary is the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge; this National Wildlife Refuge is one of approximately twenty-five such refuges in northern California. National forests occupy large sections of northern California, including the Shasta-Trinity, Klamath, Modoc, Lassen, Mendocino, El Dorado, Tahoe, and Sequoia national forests, among others. Included within (or adjacent to) national forests are federally protected wilderness areas, including the Trinity Alps, Castle Crags, Granite Chief, and Desolation wilderness areas.
In addition, the California Coastal National Monument protects all islets, reefs, and rock outcroppings from the shore of northern California out to a distance of 12 nmi (22 km), along the entire northern California coastline. In addition, the National Park Service administers protected areas on Alcatraz Island, the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and the Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. The NPS also administers the Manzanar National Historic Site in Inyo County, the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park in Richmond, and the Tule Lake Unit of the World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument outside of Tulelake.
Other parks and protected areas[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Tilden Regional Park
Alum Rock Park
Angel Island
Bidwell Park
Big Basin Redwoods State Park
Castle Rock State Park
Butano State Park
Farallon Islands
Golden Gate Park
Henry Coe State Park
Humboldt Redwoods State Park
Lake Tahoe Basin
East Bay Regional Park District
Butano State Park
Marble Mountain Wilderness
Mount Tamalpais State Park
Suisun Marsh
Sacramento River
Turtle Bay Exploration Park
McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park
Wilder Ranch State Park
Sequoia National Park
Educational institutions[edit]
Northern California hosts a number of world-renowned universities including Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley. Top-tier public graduate schools include Boalt Hall and Hastings law schools and UC San Francisco, a top-ranked medical school, and UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, the largest vet school in the United States.
Public institutions[edit]
Six University of California campuses:
UC Berkeley
UC Davis
UC Hastings
UC Merced
UC San Francisco
UC Santa Cruz
Eleven California State University campuses:
California Maritime Academy
Chico State
CSU East Bay
CSU Monterey Bay
Fresno State
Humboldt State
Sacramento State
San Francisco State
San Jose State
Sonoma State
Stanislaus State
A large number of local community colleges
Private institutions[edit]
(Partial list)
Brandman University
Dominican University
Drexel University Sacramento
Fresno Pacific University
Holy Names University
Mills College
Northwestern Polytechnic University
Pacific Union College
Stanford University
Santa Clara University
St. Mary's College
Sierra College
Simpson University
Touro University California
University of San Francisco
University of the Pacific
William Jessup University
Academy of Art University
Notre Dame de Namur University
Samuel Merritt University
Research institutions[edit]
(Partial list)
American Institute of Mathematics
Bodega Marine Reserve
Hopkins Marine Station
Joint Genome Institute
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lick Observatory
Long Marine Laboratory
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
NASA Ames Research Center
Owens Valley Radio Observatory
Pacific Institute
Point Reyes Bird Observatory
White Mountain Research Station
Counties[edit]
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt
Inyo
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Madera
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey
Napa
Nevada
Placer
Plumas
Sacramento
San Benito
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Mateo
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
Solano
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne
Yolo
Yuba
Regions[edit]
The following regions are entirely or partly within northern California:
Big Sur
Cascade Range
Central California
Central Coast
Central Valley
Coastal California
East Bay (SF)
Eastern California
Emerald Triangle
Gold Country
Greater Sacramento
Klamath Basin
Lake Tahoe
Lassen Peak
Lost Coast
Metropolitan Fresno
Mount Shasta
North Bay (SF)
North Coast
Russian River
Sacramento Valley
San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Peninsula
San Joaquin Valley
Santa Clara Valley
Shasta Cascade
Sierra Nevada
Silicon Valley
South Bay (SF)
Telecom Valley
Tri-Valley
Trinity Alps
Wine Country
Yosemite
Yuba-Sutter Area
Cities and towns in northern California with more than 50,000 inhabitants[edit]
Largest cities (city proper) in northern California
1 - San Jose
2 - San Francisco
3 - Fresno
4 - Sacramento
5 - Oakland
6 - Stockton
7 - Fremont
8 - Modesto
9 - Santa Rosa
10 - Elk Grove
11 - Salinas
12 - Hayward
13 - Sunnyvale
14 - Visalia
15 - Concord
16 - Roseville
17 - Santa Clara
18 - Vallejo
19 - Berkeley
20 - Fairfield
21 - Richmond
22 - Antioch
23 - Daly City
24 - San Mateo
25 - Clovis
26 - Vacaville
27 - Redding
28 - Chico
29 - San Leandro
30 - Citrus Heights
31 - Tracy
32 - Livermore
33 - Merced
34 - Napa
35 - Redwood City
36 - Mountain View
37 - Alameda
38 - Folsom
39 - San Ramon
40 - Pleasanton
City
Population (2010)
Alameda
73,812
Antioch
102,372
Berkeley
112,580
Brentwood
51,481
Chico
86,187
Citrus Heights
83,301
Clovis
95,631
Concord
122,067
Cupertino
58,302
Daly City
101,123
Davis
65,622
Elk Grove
153,015
Fairfield
105,321
Folsom
72,203
Fresno
510,365
Fremont
214,089
Hanford
53,967
Hayward
144,186
Livermore
80,968
Lodi
62,134
Madera
61,416
Manteca
67,096
Merced
78,958
Milpitas
66,790
Modesto
201,165
Mountain View
74,066
Napa
76,915
Novato
51,904
Oakland
390,724
Palo Alto
64,403
Petaluma
57,941
Pittsburg
63,264
Pleasanton
70,285
Porterville
54,165
Rancho Cordova
64,776
Redding
89,861
Redwood City
76,815
Richmond
103,701
Rocklin
56,974
Roseville
118,788
Sacramento
466,488
Salinas
150,441
San Francisco
805,235
San Jose
945,942
San Leandro
84,950
San Mateo
97,207
San Rafael
57,713
San Ramon
72,148
Santa Clara
116,468
Santa Cruz
59,946
Santa Rosa
167,815
South San Francisco
63,632
Stockton
291,707
Sunnyvale
140,081
Tracy
82,922
Tulare
59,278
Turlock
68,549
Union City
69,516
Vacaville
92,428
Vallejo
115,942
Visalia
124,442
Walnut Creek
64,173
Watsonville
51,199
Woodland
55,468
Yuba City
64,925
[15]
Metropolitan areas[edit]
Northern California is home to three of the state's four extended metropolitan areas that are home to over three-fourths of the region's population as of the 2010 United States Census:[16]
Metropolitan region
Population
San Francisco Bay Area 7,468,390
Greater Sacramento 2,461,780
Metropolitan Fresno 1,081,315
Major business districts[edit]
The following are major central business districts:
San Francisco Financial District
Downtown Oakland
Downtown Sacramento
Downtown San Jose
Transportation[edit]
See also categories:
Transportation in Alameda County
Transportation in Alpine County
Transportation in Amador County
Transportation in Butte County
Transportation in Calaveras County
Transportation in Colusa County
Transportation in Contra Costa County
Transportation in Del Norte County
Transportation in El Dorado County
Transportation in Fresno County
Transportation in Glenn County
Transportation in Humboldt County
Transportation in Inyo County
Transportation in Kings County
Transportation in Lake County
Transportation in Lassen County
Transportation in Madera County
Transportation in Marin County
Transportation in Mariposa County
Transportation in Mendocino County
Transportation in Merced County
Transportation in Modoc County
Transportation in Mono County
Transportation in Monterey County
Transportation in Napa County
Transportation in Nevada County
Transportation in Oakland
Transportation in Placer County
Transportation in Plumas County
Transportation in Sacramento
Transportation in Sacramento County
Transportation in San Benito County
Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area
Transportation in San Francisco
Transportation in San Joaquin County
Transportation in San Mateo County
Transportation in Santa Clara County
Transportation in Santa Cruz County
Transportation in Shasta County
Transportation in Sierra County
Transportation in Siskiyou County
Transportation in Solano County
Transportation in Sonoma County
Transportation in Stanislaus County
Transportation in Sutter County
Transportation in Tehama County
Transportation in Trinity County
Transportation in Tulare County
Transportation in Tuolumne County
Transportation in Yolo County
Transportation in Yuba County

Airports within northern California[edit]
Main article: List of airports in California
San Francisco International Airport or SFO is the largest and busiest airport in northern California and second in the state and tenth in the United States.
There are 11 airports in Northern California categorized as Primary Service Commercial airports by the FAA:[17]
Airport
ID
City
Category
2016 Enplanements
San Francisco International Airport SFO San Francisco Large Hub 25,707,101
Oakland International Airport OAK Oakland Medium Hub 5,934,659
San Jose International Airport SJC San Jose Medium Hub 5,321,603
Sacramento International Airport SMF Sacramento Medium Hub 4,969,366
Fresno Yosemite International Airport FAT Fresno Small Hub 761,298
Monterey Regional Airport MRY Monterey Non Hub 192,136
Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport STS Santa Rosa Non Hub 167,151
Stockton Metropolitan Airport SCK Stockton Non Hub 93,076
Arcata-Eureka Airport ACV Arcata Non Hub 69,732
Redding Municipal Airport RDD Redding Non Hub 43,414
Mammoth Yosemite Airport MMH Mammoth Lakes Non Hub 21,826
Railroad[edit]
The 19th Street/Oakland BART station in downtown Oakland
Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) – commuter subway connecting most of the core Bay Area including San Francisco and Oakland with their suburbs with ongoing expansion to San Jose and Antioch
Caltrain – commuter rail between San Francisco to Gilroy (south of San Jose)
Muni Metro (San Francisco)
VTA Light Rail (San Jose)
Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) – commuter train connecting Stockton and the Central Valley with San Jose and the Bay Area
Sacramento Regional Transit District light rail
Amtrak:
California Zephyr – connects Chicago to the Bay Area
Capitol Corridor – San Jose to Auburn (eastern suburb of Sacramento)
Coast Starlight – coastal train between Los Angeles and Seattle with northern California stops in San Jose, Oakland, and Sacramento
San Joaquin – Central Valley train linking Bakersfield in Southern California to Sacramento and Oakland
Major transit organizations[edit]
AC Transit
Arcata and Mad River Transit System
County Connection
El Dorado Transit
Eureka Transit Service
Fairfield and Suisun Transit
Fresno Area Express
Golden Gate Transit
Lake Transit
Mendocino Transit Authority
Monterey-Salinas Transit
Porterville City Operated Local Transit
Redwood Transit System
SamTrans
San Benito Express
SF MUNI
San Joaquin Regional Transit District
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA)
Santa Cruz Metro
Solano Express
SolTrans
Sonoma County Transit
Tri Delta Transit
Visalia Transit
VINE (Napa County)
Major transit ferries[edit]
The historic San Francisco Ferry Building is the busiest ferry terminal on the West Coast and connects Downtown San Francisco to various parts of the Bay Area.
San Francisco Bay Ferry
Golden Gate Ferry
Blue & Gold Fleet
Angel Island - Tiburon Ferry
Freeways[edit]
See also: Category:San Francisco Bay Area freeways.
Interstate highways[edit]
Interstate 80 (Eastshore Freeway/Lincoln Highway)
Interstate 280 (Southern Embarcadero Freeway/Southern Freeway/Junipero Serra Freeway/Sinclair Freeway)
Interstate 380
Interstate 580 (Eastshore Freeway/MacArthur Freeway/Brown Freeway)
Interstate 680 (Joseph P. Sinclair Freeway/Donald D. Doyle Highway/Blue Star Memorial Highway/Luther E. Gibson Freeway)
Interstate 780
Interstate 880 (Nimitz Freeway)
Interstate 980 (Grove-Shafter Freeway)
Interstate 238
Interstate 205 (Robert T. Monagan Freeway)
Interstate 5 (Golden State Freeway/West Side Freeway)
Interstate 505
Interstate 80 Business (Capital City Freeway)
U.S. Routes[edit]
The Golden Gate Bridge is one of northern California's most well known landmarks and one of the most famous bridges in the world.
U.S. Route 6
U.S. Route 50 (El Dorado Freeway)
U.S. Route 101 (South Valley Freeway/Bayshore Freeway/James Lick Freeway/Central Freeway/Redwood Highway/Michael J. Burns Freeway/Redwood Highway)
U.S. Route 395
U.S. Route 97
U.S. Route 199
I-80 and I-580 in Berkeley in the Bay Area
State Route 120 is one of the many highways that traverse the isolated areas of inner northern California
Principal state highways[edit]
State Route 1 (Pacific Coast Highway/Cabrillo Highway)
State Route 3
State Route 4
State Route 9
State Route 12
State Route 13 (Ashby Avenue/Tunnel Road/Warren Freeway)
State Route 17
State Route 24
State Route 29
State Route 35 (Skyline Boulevard)
State Route 36
State Route 37 (Sears Point Tollway)
State Route 41 (E.G. Lewis Highway, Yosemite Freeway, Southern Yosemite Highway, Wawona Road)
State Route 44
State Route 49 (Golden Chain Highway)
/ / State Route 61 (Webster Tube/Posey Tube/Doolittle Drive/Davis Street)
State Route 70
State Route 82 (Monterey Highway/El Camino Real/Mission Street)
State Route 84
State Route 85 (Stevens Creek Freeway/West Valley Freeway/Norman Y. Mineta Highway/CHP Officer Scott M. Greenly Memorial Freeway)
State Route 89
State Route 92 (J. Arthur Younger Freeway/Jackson Street)
State Route 99
State Route 108
State Route 113
State Route 120
State Route 121
State Route 132
State Route 140
/ State Route 185 (International Boulevard/East 14th Street/Mission Boulevard)
State Route 160 (North Sacramento Freeway/River Road)
State Route 236
State Route 237
State Route 238 (Mission Boulevard, Foothill Boulevard)
State Route 254 (Avenue of the Giants)
State Route 262 (Mission Boulevard)
State Route 275 (Tower Bridge Gateway)
State Route 299
Communication[edit]
Telephone Area Codes[edit]
209 — Northern San Joaquin Valley (Stockton, Modesto, and Merced).
408 — Most of Santa Clara County (San Jose and Gilroy).
415 — San Francisco, Daly City, and Marin County. One of the three original Area Codes in California.
510 — Inner East Bay (Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, and Fremont). Originally part of area code 415.
530 — A large northeastern section of the region including Tehama County, Shasta County, Lassen County, Yuba County, Sutter County, Butte County, and Nevada County. Split from area code 916 in 1997–1998.
559 — Southern San Joaquin Valley (Madera, Fresno, and Visalia).
628 — Overlay with 415.
650 — San Francisco Peninsula (San Mateo, Redwood City, and Palo Alto). Originally part of area code 415.
669 — Overlay with 408.
707 — The North Coast section of the region from Sonoma County to the Oregon border. Cities include Eureka, Ukiah, Santa Rosa, Napa, Vallejo and Fairfield.
831 — Monterey, San Benito and Santa Cruz Counties. Originally part of area code 408.
916/279 — Sacramento County and the Sacramento suburbs in western Placer and El Dorado Counties. One of the three original area codes in California, formerly covered all areas now within 530.
925 — Outer East Bay (Concord, Pittsburg, Walnut Creek, San Ramon, Pleasanton and Livermore). Originally part of area codes 415 and 510.[18]
Sports[edit]
See also: Bay Bridge Series and Sports in California § Northern California–Southern California rivalry
Major league professional sports teams[edit]
Sport
League
Team
Venue
Baseball MLB Oakland Athletics (American League) O.co Coliseum
San Francisco Giants (National League) AT&T Park
Basketball NBA Golden State Warriors Oracle Arena
Sacramento Kings Golden 1 Center
Football NFL Oakland Raiders O.co Coliseum
San Francisco 49ers Levi's Stadium
Ice hockey NHL San Jose Sharks SAP Center
Soccer MLS San Jose Earthquakes Avaya Stadium
Arena Football AFL San Jose SaberCats SAP Center
College sports teams[edit]
California Golden Bears
Stanford Cardinal
Fresno State Bulldogs
San Jose State Spartans
Sports venues[edit]
Laguna Seca Raceway (motorsport)
Sonoma Raceway (motorsport)
Olympic Club (golf)
Silverado Country Club (golf)
TPC Harding Park (golf)
TPC Stonebrae (golf)
Sports events[edit]
Pac-12 Football Championship Game (college football)
Emerald Bowl (college football)
AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am (golf)
Frys.com Open (golf)
Swinging Skirts LPGA Classic (golf)
Grand Prix of Sonoma (motorsport)
Toyota/Save Mart 350 (motorsport)
Monterey Sports Car Championships (motorsport)
Superbike World Championship (motorsport)
See also[edit]
California portal
San Francisco Bay Area portal
California megapolitan areas
Central California
History of California through 1899
History of the west coast of North America
Jefferson (proposed Pacific state)
Megaregions of the United States
Southern California
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Morgan, Neil (April 19, 1963). "Westward Tilt: Northern California". Lodi News-Sentinel. Lodi, California. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ John E. Kent, eds. (1917). Kent Guide Manual (Harrison Narcotic Law) and Progressional Registry. San Francisco: The Service Press. p. 6. CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Gabriel; Terplan, Egon (November–December 2007). "The northern California megaregion". The Urbanist. San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wiles, Tay (January 22, 2018). "A separatist state of mind". High Country News. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Myers, John. "Radical plan to split California into three states earns spot on November ballot". latimes.com. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ R.F. Heizer (1966). "California Indian Tribes map". CaliforniaPrehistory.com. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo: A Voyage of Discovery". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Hunters and Trappers at Upper Soda Springs". Museum of the Siskiyou Trail. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1886). History of California, 1840–1845, Volume 4. A. L. Bancroft. OCLC 9475460.
Jump up ^ "Sutter's Fort Historic State Park". California Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "American Transition to Early Statehood". California Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ "[E]vents from January 1848 through December 1855 [are] generally acknowledged as the 'Gold Rush' .... After 1855, California gold mining changed and is outside the 'rush' era." "The Gold Rush of California: A Bibliography of Periodical Articles". California State University, Stanislaus. 2002. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Historical census data by U.S. Census Bureau
Jump up ^ U.S. Census data for year 2000
Jump up ^ Population figures are the most recent figures contained in the respective Wikipedia articles, in the List of cities in California (by population), or in the State of California, Department of Finance 2007 estimates Archived March 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ Excerpted from 2010 United States Census
Jump up ^ https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/
Jump up ^ For current information, see nanpa.com, the North American Numbering Plan Administration site.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Northern California.
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