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Center of mass
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This toy uses the principles of center of mass to keep balance on a finger
In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating. The distribution of mass is balanced around the center of mass and the average of the weighted position coordinates of the distributed mass defines its coordinates. Calculations in mechanics are often simplified when formulated with respect to the center of mass. It is a hypothetical point where entire mass of an object may be assumed to be concentrated to visualise its motion. In other words, the center of mass is the particle equivalent of a given object for application of Newton's laws of motion.
In the case of a single rigid body, the center of mass is fixed in relation to the body, and if the body has uniform density, it will be located at the centroid. The center of mass may be located outside the physical body, as is sometimes the case for hollow or open-shaped objects, such as a horseshoe. In the case of a distribution of separate bodies, such as the planets of the Solar System, the center of mass may not correspond to the position of any individual member of the system.
The center of mass is a useful reference point for calculations in mechanics that involve masses distributed in space, such as the linear and angular momentum of planetary bodies and rigid body dynamics. In orbital mechanics, the equations of motion of planets are formulated as point masses located at the centers of mass. The center of mass frame is an inertial frame in which the center of mass of a system is at rest with respect to the origin of the coordinate system.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Definition
2.1 A system of particles
2.2 A continuous volume
2.3 Barycentric coordinates
2.4 Systems with periodic boundary conditions
3 Center of gravity
4 Linear and angular momentum
5 Locating the center of mass
5.1 In two dimensions
5.2 In three dimensions
6 Applications
6.1 Engineering designs
6.1.1 Automotive applications
6.1.2 Aeronautics
6.2 Astronomy
6.3 Body motion
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
The concept of "center of mass" in the form of the center of gravity was first introduced by the ancient Greek physicist, mathematician, and engineer Archimedes of Syracuse. He worked with simplified assumptions about gravity that amount to a uniform field, thus arriving at the mathematical properties of what we now call the center of mass. Archimedes showed that the torque exerted on a lever by weights resting at various points along the lever is the same as what it would be if all of the weights were moved to a single point—their center of mass. In work on floating bodies he demonstrated that the orientation of a floating object is the one that makes its center of mass as low as possible. He developed mathematical techniques for finding the centers of mass of objects of uniform density of various well-defined shapes.[1]
Later mathematicians who developed the theory of the center of mass include Pappus of Alexandria, Guido Ubaldi, Francesco Maurolico,[2] Federico Commandino,[3] Simon Stevin,[4] Luca Valerio,[5] Jean-Charles de la Faille, Paul Guldin,[6] John Wallis, Louis Carré, Pierre Varignon, and Alexis Clairaut.[7]
Newton's second law is reformulated with respect to the center of mass in Euler's first law.[8]
Diagram of an educational toy that balances on a point: the center of mass (C) settles below its support (P)
Definition[edit]
The center of mass is the unique point at the center of a distribution of mass in space that has the property that the weighted position vectors relative to this point sum to zero. In analogy to statistics, the center of mass is the mean location of a distribution of mass in space.
A system of particles[edit]
In the case of a system of particles Pi, i = 1, …, n , each with mass mi that are located in space with coordinates ri, i = 1, …, n , the coordinates R of the center of mass satisfy the condition
∑ i = 1 n m i ( r i − R ) = 0. {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )=0.}
Solving this equation for R yields the formula
R = 1 M ∑ i = 1 n m i r i , {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} ={\frac {1}{M}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}\mathbf {r} _{i},}
where M is the sum of the masses of all of the particles.
A continuous volume[edit]
If the mass distribution is continuous with the density ρ(r) within a solid Q, then the integral of the weighted position coordinates of the points in this volume relative to the center of mass R over the volume V is zero, that is
∭ Q ρ ( r ) ( r − R ) d V = 0. {\displaystyle \iiint \limits _{Q}\rho (\mathbf {r} )(\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {R} )dV=0.}
Solve this equation for the coordinates R to obtain
R = 1 M ∭ Q ρ ( r ) r d V , {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} ={\frac {1}{M}}\iiint \limits _{Q}\rho (\mathbf {r} )\mathbf {r} dV,}
where M is the total mass in the volume.
If a continuous mass distribution has uniform density, which means ρ is constant, then the center of mass is the same as the centroid of the volume.[9]
Barycentric coordinates[edit]
Further information: Barycentric coordinate system
The coordinates R of the center of mass of a two-particle system, P1 and P2, with masses m1 and m2 is given by
R = 1 m 1 + m 2 ( m 1 r 1 + m 2 r 2 ) . {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} ={\frac {1}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}(m_{1}\mathbf {r} _{1}+m_{2}\mathbf {r} _{2}).}
Let the percentage of the total mass divided between these two particles vary from 100% P1 and 0% P2 through 50% P1 and 50% P2 to 0% P1 and 100% P2, then the center of mass R moves along the line from P1 to P2. The percentages of mass at each point can be viewed as projective coordinates of the point R on this line, and are termed barycentric coordinates. Another way of interpreting the process here is the mechanical balancing of moments about an arbitrary point. The numerator gives the total moment that is then balanced by an equivalent total force at the center of mass. This can be generalized to three points and four points to define projective coordinates in the plane, and in space, respectively.
Systems with periodic boundary conditions[edit]
For particles in a system with periodic boundary conditions two particles can be neighbours even though they are on opposite sides of the system. This occurs often in molecular dynamics simulations, for example, in which clusters form at random locations and sometimes neighbouring atoms cross the periodic boundary. When a cluster straddles the periodic boundary, a naive calculation of the center of mass will be incorrect. A generalized method for calculating the center of mass for periodic systems is to treat each coordinate, x and y and/or z, as if it were on a circle instead of a line.[10] The calculation takes every particle's x coordinate and maps it to an angle,
θ i = x i x m a x 2 π {\displaystyle \theta _{i}={\frac {x_{i}}{x_{max}}}2\pi }
where xmax is the system size in the x direction and x i ∈ [ 0 , x m a x ) {\displaystyle x_{i}\in [0,x_{max})} . From this angle, two new points ( ξ i , ζ i ) {\displaystyle (\xi _{i},\zeta _{i})} can be generated, which can be weighted by the mass of the particle x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} for the centre of mass or given a value of 1 for the geometric centre:
ξ i = cos  ( θ i ) × m i {\displaystyle \xi _{i}=\cos(\theta _{i})\times m_{i}}
ζ i = sin  ( θ i ) × m i {\displaystyle \zeta _{i}=\sin(\theta _{i})\times m_{i}}
In the ( ξ , ζ ) {\displaystyle (\xi ,\zeta )} plane, these coordinates lie on a circle of radius 1. From the collection of ξ i {\displaystyle \xi _{i}} and ζ i {\displaystyle \zeta _{i}} values from all the particles, the averages ξ ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {\xi }}} and ζ ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {\zeta }}} are calculated. These values are mapped back into a new angle, θ ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {\theta }}} , from which the x coordinate of the center of mass can be obtained:
θ ¯ = a t a n 2 ( − ζ ¯ , − ξ ¯ ) + π {\displaystyle {\overline {\theta }}=\mathrm {atan2} (-{\overline {\zeta }},-{\overline {\xi }})+\pi }
x c o m = x m a x θ ¯ 2 π {\displaystyle x_{com}=x_{max}{\frac {\overline {\theta }}{2\pi }}}
The process can be repeated for all dimensions of the system to determine the complete center of mass. The utility of the algorithm is that it allows the mathematics to determine where the "best" center of mass is, instead of guessing or using cluster analysis to "unfold" a cluster straddling the periodic boundaries. It must be noted that if both average values are zero, ( ξ ¯ , ζ ¯ ) = ( 0 , 0 ) {\displaystyle ({\overline {\xi }},{\overline {\zeta }})=(0,0)} , then θ ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {\theta }}} is undefined. This is a correct result, because it only occurs when all particles are exactly evenly spaced. In that condition, their x coordinates are mathematically identical in a periodic system.
Center of gravity[edit]
Main article: Centers of gravity in non-uniform fields
A body's center of gravity is the point around which the resultant torque due to gravity forces vanishes. Where a gravity field can be considered to be uniform, the mass-center and the center-of-gravity will be the same. However, for satellites in orbit around a planet, in the absence of other torques being applied to a satellite, the slight variation (gradient) in gravitational field between closer-to (stronger) and further-from (weaker) the planet can lead to a torque that will tend to align the satellite such that its long axis is vertical. In such a case, it is important to make the distinction between the center-of-gravity and the mass-center. Any horizontal offset between the two will result in an applied torque.
It is useful to note that the mass-center is a fixed property for a given rigid body (e.g. with no slosh or articulation), whereas the center-of-gravity may, in addition, depend upon its orientation in a non-uniform gravitational field. In the latter case, the center-of-gravity will always be located somewhat closer to the main attractive body as compared to the mass-center, and thus will change its position in the body of interest as its orientation is changed.
In the study of the dynamics of aircraft, vehicles and vessels, forces and moments need to be resolved relative to the mass center. That is true independent of whether gravity itself is a consideration. Referring to the mass-center as the center-of-gravity is something of a colloquialism, but it is in common usage and when gravity gradient effects are negligible, center-of-gravity and mass-center are the same and are used interchangeably.
In physics the benefits of using the center of mass to model a mass distribution can be seen by considering the resultant of the gravity forces on a continuous body. Consider a body Q of volume V with density ρ(r) at each point r in the volume. In a parallel gravity field the force f at each point r is given by,
f ( r ) = − d m g k → = − ρ ( r ) d V g k → , {\displaystyle \mathbf {f} (\mathbf {r} )=-dm\,g{\vec {k}}=-\rho (\mathbf {r} )dV\,g{\vec {k}},}
where dm is the mass at the point r, g is the acceleration of gravity, and k is a unit vector defining the vertical direction. Choose a reference point R in the volume and compute the resultant force and torque at this point,
F = ∭ Q f ( r ) = ∭ Q ρ ( r ) d V ( − g k → ) = − M g k → , {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =\iiint \limits _{Q}\mathbf {f} (\mathbf {r} )=\iiint \limits _{Q}\rho (\mathbf {r} )dV(-g{\vec {k}})=-Mg{\vec {k}},}
and
T = ∭ Q ( r − R ) × f ( r ) = ∭ Q ( r − R ) × ( − g ρ ( r ) d V k → ) = ( ∭ Q ρ ( r ) ( r − R ) d V ) × ( − g k → ) . {\displaystyle \mathbf {T} =\iiint \limits _{Q}(\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {R} )\times \mathbf {f} (\mathbf {r} )=\iiint \limits _{Q}(\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {R} )\times (-g\rho (\mathbf {r} )dV{\vec {k}})=\left(\iiint \limits _{Q}\rho (\mathbf {r} )(\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {R} )dV\right)\times (-g{\vec {k}}).}
If the reference point R is chosen so that it is the center of mass, then
∭ Q ρ ( r ) ( r − R ) d V = 0 , {\displaystyle \iiint \limits _{Q}\rho (\mathbf {r} )(\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {R} )dV=0,}
which means the resultant torque T=0. Because the resultant torque is zero the body will move as though it is a particle with its mass concentrated at the center of mass.
By selecting the center of gravity as the reference point for a rigid body, the gravity forces will not cause the body to rotate, which means the weight of the body can be considered to be concentrated at the center of mass.
Linear and angular momentum[edit]
The linear and angular momentum of a collection of particles can be simplified by measuring the position and velocity of the particles relative to the center of mass. Let the system of particles Pi, i=1,...,n of masses mi be located at the coordinates ri with velocities vi. Select a reference point R and compute the relative position and velocity vectors,
r i = ( r i − R ) + R , v i = d d t ( r i − R ) + v . {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{i}=(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )+\mathbf {R} ,\quad \mathbf {v} _{i}={\frac {d}{dt}}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )+\mathbf {v} .}
The total linear and angular momentum vectors relative to the reference point R are
p = d d t ( ∑ i = 1 n m i ( r i − R ) ) + ( ∑ i = 1 n m i ) v , {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} ={\frac {d}{dt}}\left(\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )\right)+\left(\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}\right)\mathbf {v} ,}
and
L = ∑ i = 1 n m i ( r i − R ) × d d t ( r i − R ) + ( ∑ i = 1 n m i ( r i − R ) ) × v . {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} =\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )\times {\frac {d}{dt}}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )+\left(\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )\right)\times \mathbf {v} .}
If R is chosen as the center of mass these equations simplify to
p = m v , L = ∑ i = 1 n m i ( r i − R ) × d d t ( r i − R ) , {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} =m\mathbf {v} ,\quad \mathbf {L} =\sum _{i=1}^{n}m_{i}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} )\times {\frac {d}{dt}}(\mathbf {r} _{i}-\mathbf {R} ),}
where m is the total mass of all the particles, p is the linear momentum, and L is the angular momentum
The Law of Conservation of Momentum predicts that for any system not subjected to external forces the momentum of the system will remain constant, which means the center of mass will move with constant velocity. This applies for all systems with classical internal forces, including magnetic fields, electric fields, chemical reactions, and so on. More formally, this is true for any internal forces that cancel in accordance with Newton's Third Law.[11]
Locating the center of mass[edit]
Main article: Locating the center of mass
Plumb line method
The experimental determination of the center of mass of a body uses gravity forces on the body and relies on the fact that in the parallel gravity field near the surface of the earth the center of mass is the same as the center of gravity.
The center of mass of a body with an axis of symmetry and constant density must lie on this axis. Thus, the center of mass of a circular cylinder of constant density has its center of mass on the axis of the cylinder. In the same way, the center of mass of a spherically symmetric body of constant density is at the center of the sphere. In general, for any symmetry of a body, its center of mass will be a fixed point of that symmetry.[12]
In two dimensions[edit]
An experimental method for locating the center of mass is to suspend the object from two locations and to drop plumb lines from the suspension points. The intersection of the two lines is the center of mass.[13]
The shape of an object might already be mathematically determined, but it may be too complex to use a known formula. In this case, one can subdivide the complex shape into simpler, more elementary shapes, whose centers of mass are easy to find. If the total mass and center of mass can be determined for each area, then the center of mass of the whole is the weighted average of the centers.[14] This method can even work for objects with holes, which can be accounted for as negative masses.[15]
A direct development of the planimeter known as an integraph, or integerometer, can be used to establish the position of the centroid or center of mass of an irregular two-dimensional shape. This method can be applied to a shape with an irregular, smooth or complex boundary where other methods are too difficult. It was regularly used by ship builders to compare with the required displacement and center of buoyancy of a ship, and ensure it would not capsize.[16][17]
In three dimensions[edit]
An experimental method to locate the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass begins by supporting the object at three points and measuring the forces, F1, F2, and F3 that resist the weight of the object, W = − W k ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {W} =-W\mathbf {\hat {k}} } ( k ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {k}} } is the unit vector in the vertical direction). Let r1, r2, and r3 be the position coordinates of the support points, then the coordinates R of the center of mass satisfy the condition that the resultant torque is zero,
T = ( r 1 − R ) × F 1 + ( r 2 − R ) × F 2 + ( r 3 − R ) × F 3 = 0 , {\displaystyle \mathbf {T} =(\mathbf {r} _{1}-\mathbf {R} )\times \mathbf {F} _{1}+(\mathbf {r} _{2}-\mathbf {R} )\times \mathbf {F} _{2}+(\mathbf {r} _{3}-\mathbf {R} )\times \mathbf {F} _{3}=0,}
or
R × ( − W k ^ ) = r 1 × F 1 + r 2 × F 2 + r 3 × F 3 . {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} \times (-W\mathbf {\hat {k}} )=\mathbf {r} _{1}\times \mathbf {F} _{1}+\mathbf {r} _{2}\times \mathbf {F} _{2}+\mathbf {r} _{3}\times \mathbf {F} _{3}.}
This equation yields the coordinates of the center of mass R* in the horizontal plane as,
R ∗ = − 1 W k ^ × ( r 1 × F 1 + r 2 × F 2 + r 3 × F 3 ) . {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} ^{*}=-{\frac {1}{W}}\mathbf {\hat {k}} \times (\mathbf {r} _{1}\times \mathbf {F} _{1}+\mathbf {r} _{2}\times \mathbf {F} _{2}+\mathbf {r} _{3}\times \mathbf {F} _{3}).}
The center of mass lies on the vertical line L, given by
L ( t ) = R ∗ + t k ^ . {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} (t)=\mathbf {R} ^{*}+t\mathbf {\hat {k}} .}
The three-dimensional coordinates of the center of mass are determined by performing this experiment twice with the object positioned so that these forces are measured for two different horizontal planes through the object. The center of mass will be the intersection of the two lines L1 and L2 obtained from the two experiments.
Applications[edit]
Engineering designs[edit]
Automotive applications[edit]
Engineers try to design a sports car so that its center of mass is lowered to make the car handle better, that is maintaining traction while executing relatively sharp turns.
The characteristic low profile of the U. S. military Humvee was designed in part to allow it tilt farther than taller vehicles, without a rollover, because its low center of mass would stay over the space bounded the four wheels even at angles far from the horizontal.
Aeronautics[edit]
Main article: Center of gravity of an aircraft
The center of mass is an important point on an aircraft, which significantly affects the stability of the aircraft. To ensure the aircraft is stable enough to be safe to fly, the center of mass must fall within specified limits. If the center of mass is ahead of the forward limit, the aircraft will be less maneuverable, possibly to the point of being unable to rotate for takeoff or flare for landing.[18] If the center of mass is behind the aft limit, the aircraft will be more maneuverable, but also less stable, and possibly so unstable that it is impossible to fly. The moment arm of the elevator will also be reduced, which makes it more difficult to recover from a stalled condition.[19]
For helicopters in hover, the center of mass is always directly below the rotorhead. In forward flight, the center of mass will move forward to balance the negative pitch torque produced by applying cyclic control to propel the helicopter forward; consequently a cruising helicopter flies "nose-down" in level flight.[20]
Astronomy[edit]
Main article: Barycenter
Two bodies orbiting their barycenter (red cross)
The center of mass plays an important role in astronomy and astrophysics, where it is commonly referred to as the barycenter. The barycenter is the point between two objects where they balance each other; it is the center of mass where two or more celestial bodies orbit each other. When a moon orbits a planet, or a planet orbits a star, both bodies are actually orbiting around a point that lies away from the center of the primary (larger) body.[21] For example, the Moon does not orbit the exact center of the Earth, but a point on a line between the center of the Earth and the Moon, approximately 1,710 km (1,062 miles) below the surface of the Earth, where their respective masses balance. This is the point about which the Earth and Moon orbit as they travel around the Sun. If the masses are more similar, e.g., Pluto and Charon, the barycenter will fall outside both bodies.
Body motion[edit]
Estimated center of mass/gravity (blue sphere) of a gymnast at the end of performing a cartwheel. Notice center is outside the body in this position.
When high jumpers perform a "Fosbury Flop", they bend their respective bodies in such a way that they clear the bar while their respective centers of mass do not necessarily do so.[22] Because it is the height of the center of gravity (rather than of the highest part of the body) that constrains the minimum energy investment for "clearing" the bar, "snaking over" the bar can reduce the energy expended in propelling the body upward.
Main article: Kinesiology
In kinesiology and biomechanics, the center of mass is an important parameter that assists people in understanding their human locomotion. Typically, a human’s center of mass is detected with one of two methods: The reaction board method is a static analysis that involves the person lying down on that instrument, and use of their static equilibrium equation to find their center of mass; the segmentation method relies on a mathematical solution based on the physical principle that the summation of the torques of individual body sections, relative to a specified axis, must equal the torque of the whole system that constitutes the body, measured relative to the same axis.[23]
See also[edit]
Physics portal
Barycenter
Buoyancy
Center of mass (relativistic)
Center of percussion
Center of pressure (fluid mechanics)
Center of pressure (terrestrial locomotion)
Centroid
Circumcenter of mass
Expected value
Mass point geometry
Metacentric height
Roll center
Weight distribution
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Shore 2008, pp. 9–11.
Jump up ^ Baron 2004, pp. 91–94.
Jump up ^ Baron 2004, pp. 94–96.
Jump up ^ Baron 2004, pp. 96–101.
Jump up ^ Baron 2004, pp. 101–106.
Jump up ^ Mancosu 1999, pp. 56–61.
Jump up ^ Walton 1855, p. 2.
Jump up ^ Beatty 2006, p. 29.
Jump up ^ Levi 2009, p. 85.
Jump up ^ Bai, Linge; Breen, David (2008). "Calculating Center of Mass in an Unbounded 2D Environment". Journal of Graphics, GPU, and Game Tools. 13 (4): 53–60. doi:10.1080/2151237X.2008.10129266.
Jump up ^ Kleppner & Kolenkow 1973, p. 117.
Jump up ^ Feynman, Leighton & Sands 1963, p. 19.3.
Jump up ^ Kleppner & Kolenkow 1973, pp. 119–120.
Jump up ^ Feynman, Leighton & Sands 1963, pp. 19.1–19.2.
Jump up ^ Hamill 2009, pp. 20–21.
Jump up ^ "The theory and design of British shipbuilding". Amos Lowrey Ayre. p. 3 of 14. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Sangwin 2006, p. 7.
Jump up ^ Federal Aviation Administration 2007, p. 1.4.
Jump up ^ Federal Aviation Administration 2007, p. 1.3.
Jump up ^ "Helicopter Aerodynamics" (PDF). p. 82. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Murray & Dermott 1999, pp. 45–47.
Jump up ^ Van Pelt 2005, p. 185.
Jump up ^ Vint 2003, pp. 1–11.
References[edit]
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Federal Aviation Administration (2007), Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook (PDF), United States Government Printing Office, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2011, retrieved 23 October 2011
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Kleppner, Daniel; Kolenkow, Robert (1973), An Introduction to Mechanics (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-035048-5
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Mancosu, Paolo (1999), Philosophy of mathematics and mathematical practice in the seventeenth century, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-513244-0
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External links[edit]
Look up barycenter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Motion of the Center of Mass shows that the motion of the center of mass of an object in free fall is the same as the motion of a point object.
The Solar System's barycenter, simulations showing the effect each planet contributes to the Solar System's barycenter.
Center of Gravity at Work, video showing bjects climbing up an incline by themselves.
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text:
Nigeria at the FIFA World Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II.
The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the World Cup Finals). The qualification phase, which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final.
Nigeria have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on five occasions, the first being in 1994 where they reached the second round.
They will make their sixth appearance at the finals in the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 FIFA World Cup record
2 By match
3 References
4 Squads
5 Record Players
6 Top Goalscorers
7 External links
FIFA World Cup record[edit]
FIFA World Cup record
Year
Host(s)
Round
Position
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
1930 URU Did not enter
1934 ITA Did not enter
1938 FRA Did not enter
1950 BRA Did not enter
1954 SWI Did not enter
1958 SWE Did not enter
1962 CHI Did not qualify
1966 ENG Withdrew[n 1][2]
1970 MEX Did not qualify
1974 FRG Did not qualify
1978 ARG Did not qualify
1982 ESP Did not qualify
1986 MEX Did not qualify
1990 ITA Did not qualify
1994 USA Round of 16 9th
4
2
0
2
7
4
1998 FRA Round of 16 12th
4
2
0
2
6
9
2002 KOR and JPN Group Stage 27th
3
0
1
2
1
3
2006 GER Did not qualify
2010 RSA Group Stage 27th
3
0
1
2
3
5
2014 BRA Round of 16 16th
4
1
1
2
3
5
2018 RUS Qualified for the world cup
2022 QAT To be decided
World Cup total
18 5 3 10 20 26
Notes
Jump up ^ All African nations withdrew due to a lack of qualifying berths.
By match[edit]
World Cup
Round
Opponent
Score
Result
Venue
Nigeria scorers
1994 Group stage Bulgaria 3–0 W Dallas Yekini, Amokachi, Amuneke
Argentina 1–2 L Foxborough Siasia
Greece 2–0 W Foxborough George, Amokachi
Round of 16 Italy 1–2 (aet) L Foxborough Amuneke
1998 Group stage Spain 3–2 W Nantes Adepoju, Zubizarreta (og), Oliseh
Bulgaria 1–0 W Paris Ikpeba
Paraguay 1–3 L Toulouse Oruma
Round of 16 Denmark 1–4 L Saint-Denis Babangida
2002 Group stage Argentina 0–1 L Ibaraki &
—
Sweden 1–2 L Kobe Aghahowa
England 0–0 D Osaka &
—
2010 Group stage Argentina 0–1 L Johannesburg &
—
Greece 1–2 L Bloemfontein Uche
South Korea 2–2 D Durban Uche, Yakubu
2014 Group stage Iran 0–0 D Curitiba &
—
Bosnia-Herzegovina 1–0 W Cuiabá Odemwingie
Argentina 2–3 L Porto Alegre Musa (2)
Round of 16 France 0–2 L Brasília &
—
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nigeria beat Ethiopia to book berth in Brazil". BBC Sport. 16 November 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "VIII WORLD CUP (ENGLAND 1966) QUALIFYING STAGE". Lingua Sport. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Squads[edit]
[show]
Nigeria squads – FIFA World Cup
[show]
v
t
e
Nigeria squad – 1994 FIFA World Cup
1 Rufai (c)
2 Eguavoen
3 Iroha
4 Keshi
5 Uche
6 Nwanu
7 George
8 Oliha
9 Yekini
10 Okocha
11 Amunike
12 Siasia
13 Ezeugo
14 Amokachi
15 Oliseh
16 Agu
17 Ikpeba
18 Ekoku
19 Emenalo
20 Okafor
21 Adepoju
22 Agbonavbare
Coach: Westerhof
[show]
v
t
e
Nigeria squad – 1998 FIFA World Cup
1 Rufai
2 Oparaku
3 Babayaro
4 Kanu
5 Uche (c)
6 West
7 Finidi
8 Adepoju
9 Yekini
10 Okocha
11 Lawal
12 W. Okpara
13 Babangida
14 Amokachi
15 Oliseh
16 Okafor
17 Eguavoen
18 Oruma
19 Iroha
20 Ikpeba
21 G. Okpara
22 Baruwa
Coach: Milutinović
[show]
v
t
e
Nigeria squad – 2002 FIFA World Cup
1 Shorunmu
2 Yobo
3 Babayaro
4 Kanu
5 Okoronkwo
6 West
7 Ikedia
8 Adepoju
9 Ogbeche
10 Okocha (c)
11 Lawal
12 Ejide
13 Afolabi
14 Udeze
15 Justice
16 Sodje
17 Aghahowa
18 Akwuegbu
19 Ejiofor
20 Obiorah
21 Utaka
22 Enyeama
23 Opabunmi
Coach: Onigbinde
[show]
v
t
e
Nigeria squad – 2010 FIFA World Cup
1 Enyeama
2 Yobo
3 Taiwo
4 Kanu (c)
5 Afolabi
6 Shittu
7 Utaka
8 Yakubu
9 Martins
10 Ideye
11 Odemwingie
12 Uche
13 Yussuf
14 Kaita
15 Haruna
16 Ejide
17 Odiah
18 Obinna
19 Obasi
20 Etuhu
21 Echiéjilé
22 Adeleye
23 Aiyenugba
Coach: Lagerbäck
[show]
v
t
e
Nigeria squad – 2014 FIFA World Cup
1 Enyeama
2 Yobo (c)
3 Uzoenyi
4 Gabriel
5 Ambrose
6 Egwuekwe
7 Musa
8 Odemwingie
9 Emenike
10 Mikel
11 Moses
12 Odunlami
13 Oshaniwa
14 Oboabona
15 Azeez
16 Ejide
17 Onazi
18 Babatunde
19 Nwofor
20 Uchebo
21 Agbim
22 Omeruo
23 Ameobi
Coach: Keshi
Record Players[edit]
No.
Name
Matches
World Cups
1 Joseph Yobo 10 2002, 2010 and 2014
2 Jay-Jay Okocha 9 1994, 1998 and 2002
3 Finidi George 8 1994 and 1998
Sunday Oliseh 8 1994 and 1998
Peter Rufai 8 1994 and 1998
Rashidi Yekini 8 1994 and 1998
Vincent Enyeama 8 2002, 2010 and 2014
8 Mutiu Adepoju 7 1994 and 1998
Uche Okechukwu 7 1994 and 1998
10 Taribo West 6 1998 and 2002
Nwankwo Kanu 6 1998, 2002 and 2010
Peter Odemwingie 6 2010 and 2014
Top Goalscorers[edit]
No.
Name
Goals
World Cups
1 Daniel Amokachi 2 1994
Emmanuel Amunike 2 1994
Kalu Uche 2 2010
Ahmed Musa 2 2014
5 Finidi George 1 1994
Samson Siasia 1 1994
Rashidi Yekini 1 1994
Mutiu Adepoju 1 1998
Tijani Babangida 1 1998
Victor Ikpeba 1 1998
Sunday Oliseh 1 1998
Wilson Oruma 1 1998
Julius Aghahowa 1 2002
Yakubu 1 2010
Peter Odemwingie 1 2014

External links[edit]
Nigeria at FIFA
World Cup Finals Statistics
[show]
v
t
e
Nigeria national football team
General
Nigeria Football Federation
History
Managers
Venues
Godswill Akpabio International Stadium
Abuja National Stadium
Lagos National Stadium
Ahmadu Bello Stadium
Statistics
All-Time Record
World Cup record
Individual Records
All-time goalscorers
Players
Players (by caps)
Other players
Nigerian foreign players
Born outside Nigeria
World Cup Finals
1994
1998
2002
2010
2014
CAN Finals
1963
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2013
Other Cup's tournaments
African Nations Championship
Noted rivalries
Ghana
Games's tournaments
Olympic Games
All-Africa Games
Other NFF teams
Men
Under-23
Under-20
Under-17
Beach Soccer
Women
[show]
v
t
e
Countries at the FIFA World Cup
Team appearances
Teams with no appearances
All-time table
AFC
Australia2
China
Indonesia1
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Kuwait
North Korea
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
United Arab Emirates
CAF
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
DR Congo1
Egypt
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Togo
Tunisia
CONCACAF
Canada
Costa Rica
Cuba
El Salvador
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
CONMEBOL
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
OFC
New Zealand
UEFA
Austria
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic1
Denmark
East Germany3
England
France
Germany1
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Israel2
Italy
Netherlands
Northern Ireland
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Republic of Ireland
Romania
Russia1
Scotland
Serbia1
Slovakia1
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Wales
1 Considered a successor team by FIFA, or have competed under another name(s). 2 Have been member of multiple confederations. 3 Team and national federation no longer exist.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigeria_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&oldid=808561633"
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This page was last edited on 3 November 2017, at 16:41.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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House of Cards (season 5)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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House of Cards (season 5)
Blu-ray cover
Starring
Kevin Spacey
Robin Wright
Michael Kelly
Boris McGiver
Jayne Atkinson
Derek Cecil
Paul Sparks
Neve Campbell
Joel Kinnaman
Campbell Scott
Patricia Clarkson
Dominique McElligott
Korey Jackson
Damian Young
James Martinez
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
13
Release
Original network
Netflix
Original release
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 4
List of House of Cards episodes
The fifth season of the American web television drama series House of Cards was announced by Netflix on January 28, 2016, and released on May 30, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Cast
3 Episodes
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Accolades
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
Casting began for the season on June 17, 2016.[1] Filming had begun by July 20, 2016,[2] and finished by February 14, 2017.[3]
On January 28, 2016, Netflix renewed House of Cards for a fifth season. It was also announced that series creator Beau Willimon would step down as showrunner following the fourth season.[4] It was announced in February 2016 that Melissa James Gibson and Frank Pugliese, who both joined the show in the third season, would serve as co-showrunners for the fifth season,[5] which was released on May 30, 2017.[6] In October 2016, it was announced that Patricia Clarkson and Campbell Scott had been cast for the fifth season.[7] The first trailer for the season was released on May 1, 2017.[8]
Cast[edit]
Kevin Spacey as Francis "Frank" J. Underwood, the President of the United States[9]
Robin Wright as Claire Underwood, First Lady of the United States, former United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Democratic Vice Presidential Nominee, Vice President of the United States and the President of the United States[9]
Michael Kelly as Douglas "Doug" Stamper, the White House Chief of Staff[9]
Campbell Scott as Mark Usher,[10] top-level Republican campaign adviser and strategist
Patricia Clarkson as Jane Davis,[10] Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade
Paul Sparks as Thomas Yates,[9] speechwriter and Claire Underwood's lover
Derek Cecil as Seth Grayson,[11] the White House Press Secretary
Neve Campbell as LeAnn Harvey,[9] a Texas-based political consultant, the Underwood campaign manager
Joel Kinnaman as Will Conway, the Republican nominee for president and Governor of New York[9]
Dominique McElligott as Hannah Conway,[9] wife of New York Governor and Republican presidential nominee Will Conway
Boris McGiver as Tom Hammerschmidt, an editor at The Washington Herald and Lucas Goodwin's former boss
Korey Jackson as Sean Jeffries, a young reporter at The Washington Herald working under Hammerschmidt
Jayne Atkinson as Catherine Durant, Secretary of State[11]
Colm Feore as General Ted Brockhart, Republican Vice-Presidential Nominee
Damian Young as Aidan Macallan, a data scientist and NSA contractor who is friends with LeAnn Harvey
James Martinez as Alex Romero, a Democratic congressman from Arizona
Michel Gill as Garrett Walker, the former President of the United States and Frank's predecessor
Gerald McRaney as Raymond Tusk, former associate of President Walker's and Frank's adversary
Larry Pine as Bob Birch, the House Minority Leader and a Democratic U.S. Representative from Michigan
Curtiss Cook as Terry Womack, the House Minority Whip
Lars Mikkelsen as Viktor Petrov, the President of the Russian Federation
Wendy Moniz as Laura Moretti, widow of a liver transplant candidate
Reed Birney as Donald Blythe, the Vice President of the United States
Malcolm Madera as Eric Rawlings, a Civil War reenactor and personal trainer
Kate Lyn Sheil as Lisa Williams, a girlfriend of Rachel Posner's before Rachel's death
Jeremy Holm as Agent Nathan Green, the Deputy Director of the FBI
Kim Dickens as Kate Baldwin, a journalist and former White House Correspondent for the Wall Street Telegraph
Dan Ziskie as Jim Matthews, former Vice President of the United States and Governor of Pennsylvania.
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of House of Cards episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code
53
1 "Chapter 53" Daniel Minahan Frank Pugliese May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-501
Chaos erupts when Frank steals the floor of the House and demands that Congress formally declare war on ICO. When the Speaker insists that Frank yield the floor, he insists that he "will not yield." Later, Frank and Claire attend Jim Miller's funeral, which is also attended by Will Conway and his wife. During the service, Jim's daughter Melissa blames Frank for the death of her father, before whispering something in his ear. Claire appears on Charlie Rose to debate Hammerschmidt, who claims that Frank's war on ICO is a diversion. Meanwhile, Conway goes into damage control when his wife claims that the mother of Josh Masterson is a victim, too. Claire speaks with Ms. Masterson and asks that she tell her son to surrender. The manhunt for Masterson heats up as the FBI closes in on a location on the Virginia border. However, Frank has been holding Masterson captive in an unknown location and has him summarily executed, informing the press that he "wishes" Masterson had been taken alive. Frank calls to speak with the Millers, but Jim's widow hangs up on him. Afterwards, Frank and Claire greet people outside the White House, telling them they have nothing to be afraid of.
54
2 "Chapter 54" Daniel Minahan Melissa James Gibson May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-502
At an event in New York City, Claire is informed that one of Frank's old friends has gone missing and is presumed dead. Meanwhile, Frank hosts a luncheon of the nation's governors, seeking to gain the support of the governors from five critical swing states. Catherine Durant states her opposition to Frank's "war" on terror, while Donald Blythe believes it has helped his poll numbers. Meanwhile, Aidan Macallan attempts to hack into a telecom switching center and delete everything that may implicate him and the Underwoods. As Aidan nervously awaits the file deletion, electronic devices around the Washington, D.C. area are affected in what Frank claims is an ICO cyber attack. He uses the incident to pressure Congress to accept his declaration of war. Meanwhile, Conway takes his kids trick-or-treating, but as the military mobilizes in response to the cyber attack, he has an outburst on live TV which Frank and Claire drink to.
55
3 "Chapter 55" Alik Sakharov John Mankiewicz May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-503
The day before the 2016 election, Conway holds a 24-hour live-stream call-in with voters and is asked a question by someone who knows about his time in the military; Hannah insists that Will is too humble to discuss the topic. While Claire and Frank campaign together in Pennsylvania, Doug confronts Governor Matthews for not following through with establishing voting centers or bringing in the National Guard. Back in D.C., Cathy alerts Frank to a Syrian national with strong ICO connections named Mohammad Kalabi. With Conway getting all the publicity, Frank calls into the 24-hour live stream and tells Conway that he can ask him any question he wants. Will responds by asking why he was never given a chance to complete the mission and save Mr. Miller after successfully negotiating the release of Miller's wife and daughter. Frank says the terrorists could tell Conway was weak, meaning Frank had to step in and take control. Frank's last-minute call grabs the morning headlines. However, the Underwoods are given worrying news: voter turnout is unsettlingly low across the country. Frank, however, insists that they are not going anywhere.
56
4 "Chapter 56" Alik Sakharov Kenneth Lin May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-504
On Election Day, voter turnout for Frank and Claire is low, and the polls are working in Conway's favor, yet he remains cautious. Frank calls the governor of Tennessee and tells him that the home of a suspected terrorist has been raided and a plot to bomb the state's polling stations has been uncovered, urging him to shut them down. A riot caused by a bomb-sniffing dog occurs at one Tennessee polling station and injures several people. Frank is able to convince the governor to halt voting and declare a state of emergency. A curfew is enacted, much to Conway's dismay. Amid terrorist threats, the governor of Ohio calls Frank and says he is considering closing down polling stations, while Frank adamantly tells him not to, pretending that he doesn’t want that to happen. After Conway wins the state of Pennsylvania, Frank calls him to concede the election, but slyly says to the camera audience, "What, do you think I learned nothing from Al Gore?" In the wake of the call, Conway, his wife Hannah, and some of his advisers are elated, but his campaign manager Mark Usher remains skeptical. Several hours pass and Frank has yet to publicly announce his concession, frustrating Conway. At that moment, the governor of Ohio makes a national TV broadcast to announce he felt he had no choice to close the Ohio polls due to the potential terror threat and that the results are not certifiable as a result. Several more states hold their election results as well, thereby leaving the election contested. In the Oval Office, Frank and Claire discuss remaining in power for decades to come.
57
5 "Chapter 57" Michael Morris Laura Eason May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-505
Nine weeks have passed since the unresolved election, which will now be decided by a contingent election in the House. A frustrated Conway believes he was fairly elected, and begins to show signs of a potential breakdown. Despite Frank's approval rating falling to 19%, Claire says they are done winning the American people and must now win over Congress. Hammerschmidt meets with Lisa Williams to discuss information regarding Doug, but he is hesitant to believe her. Frank talks to convince Alex Romero, a Democratic congressman, to sway other House Democrats to vote for him. Aidan, who had previously gone missing, calls LeAnn to tell her that he will leak incriminating information on the Underwoods if she doesn't get the authorities off his back. While LeAnn is able to flip a vote from Maine, Doug fails to win New Hampshire. On the day of the vote, Claire asks Donald to prevent a filibuster and keep Republicans off the floor. When he refuses, Claire begins insulting him and his late wife. Neither Conway nor Frank receive the 26 votes in the House needed to win, meaning that the Senate's vice presidential selection between Claire and General Ted Brockhart will assume the duties of the Presidency until the House votes again. Claire, alone in the White House residence, walks toward the camera and briefly looks directly at the camera audience as the episode ends.
58
6 "Chapter 58" Michael Morris Bill Kennedy May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-506
Claire becomes Acting President of the United States until the House votes again. Frank congratulates her on the position, even if it's just for a few weeks. Durant informs the Underwoods that a research facility in Antarctica has been taken over by an unidentified military group, suspecting the Russians. Meanwhile, it appears that Aidan has been kidnapped and may be forced to reveal secrets. Conway's campaign manager Mark Usher is able to secure a meeting for Conway with the Congressional Black Caucus, in the hopes they will consider supporting him instead of Frank, but the meeting goes very poorly. On a private plane back to New York, an exasperated Conway finally cracks under the pressure and curses out Usher, threatening to leave him on the tarmac upon arrival, then berates the pilots for not allowing him to fly the plane and declares maniacally that he will be President. Sean visits Lisa then tells Hammerschmidt, who fires him after discovering that Sean looked through his notes. He later investigates the death of Zoe Barnes. To avoid a mixed-ticket White House, Frank and Claire are able to convince Usher to support new elections in Ohio and Tennessee, so long as the Speaker approves. Claire, Frank, and Cathy learn it is the Russians who have kidnapped Aidan.
59
7 "Chapter 59" Alik Sakharov Tian Jun Gu May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-507
Claire and Frank argue over Mark Usher and are briefed in the Situation Room about the potential location of Ahmed Al Ahmadi, the leader of ICO. The generals believe Ahmed is in Damascus, but they’re divided on how to approach the situation. Hammerschmidt continues his investigation into Rachel Posner and her possible connection to Doug. Claire holds a meeting with Cathy and Jane Davis, but the three are moved to a bunker underground when a truck carrying radioactive material is missing. Doug calls LeAnn and Seth from the bunker, telling them to keep calm. Frank and Claire question Jane's security clearance. Doug informs Frank of a hot-mic recording where Brockhart says he’d actively tell his troops to disobey orders if Frank put them on the borders of Syria. Frank leaves the bunker and accuses Brockhart of orchestrating a fake terrorist threat in order to make them evacuate D.C. and effectively stage a coup d'etat to sabotage his election; after Brockhart names the general behind the plot, the truck is "found." The general is forced to resign, but not before telling Claire that neither she nor her husband deserve to be in the White House. The next day, the Underwoods accuse Usher of being involved in the incident, playing the Brockhart audio tape. When Usher insists he stop, Frank says "it gets so much better".
60
8 "Chapter 60" Roxann Dawson John Mankiewicz May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-508
Frank attends an elite weekend retreat to firm up support for the upcoming elections in Ohio and Tennessee. Among the attendees are Usher, Brockhart, Raymond Tusk, and Benjamin Grant, the head of Pollyhop. Claire is awakened in the middle of the night and hurried into the Situation Room, informed that a Russian research vessel carrying 100 people is sinking in the Antarctic. The next morning, Frank and Brockhart chat about the Al Ahmadi situation. After negotiating trade deals with China, Jane reveals to Claire that they are willing to aid the rescue, as there’s an American aboard the Russian ship. Claire asks for proof of the American's presence before moving forward. In the woods, Frank contacts Doug and tells him that Brockhart is making a deal with Tusk, and orders Doug to stop it. Frank remembers something that Tusk mentioned ("A little restraint would be unexpected") and tells Doug not to act on it. Claire plays hard ball with China on the rescue operation and a trade deal. Though China is hesitant at first, the rescue mission goes through and China gets credit, but the lost American is not found. On his way out, Grant gives Frank a recording of Conway's tirade on the plane. The next day, Frank and Claire meet with Usher in the Oval Office and inform him of the recording. With that leverage, the Underwoods are able to recruit Usher, who advises them how to release the recording.
61
9 "Chapter 61" Roxann Dawson Bill Kennedy May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-509
After winning the Ohio election, Frank becomes President-elect of the United States. Frank offers Conway a menial position when he calls to concede, prompting Conway to curse him. Frank and Claire celebrate with champagne in the Oval Office. Doug believes it is unwise to allow LeAnn and Usher into the administration; Frank agrees that LeAnn's connection to Aidan is worrisome, but Usher should stay. Meanwhile, LeAnn has lunch with Kate Baldwin, revealing she is being kicked out because Aidan stole NSA files and might leak classified material in Russia. Tom informs Claire that he is finished being her speechwriter. Romero threatens the Underwoods, saying he will convince Congress to reopen the Declaration of War Committee to investigate them. He demands two seats on the dais at Frank's inauguration and a line in the inaugural address about Medicare. Frank is sworn in, but his address does not address Romero or his concerns. Aidan unwillingly agrees to do an interview in Russia with Kate. However, he calls LeAnn, who tells him policemen have come to arrest him. During the inaugural ball, Frank and Eric Rawlings, the civil war re-enactor and personal trainer, share a darkly intimate moment. In the halls of the West Wing, Frank tells Claire that Congress is reopening its investigation into Frank. As the party breaks up, Frank blackmails Tom and tells him not to cheat on Claire again. Meanwhile, Hammerschmidt contacts Zoe's father, who reluctantly meets with him and says he had no idea that Zoe was in trouble. LeAnn, under the impression that giving up Aidan would save her job, is shocked when Doug fires her. In the Oval Office, Claire and Frank meet with Jane. Frank says he wants Aidan back on American soil.
62
10 "Chapter 62" Agnieszka Holland Kenneth Lin May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-510
As Frank discovers Jackie Sharp will be testifying before the Declaration of War Committee, Claire is informed that the American from the Antarctic expedition froze to death. Claire wants the body to get lost in transit. With Romero heading the committee, Frank tries to get in his good graces again by offering him the position of party whip. Romero, however, is not looking to negotiate. Jackie pleads the Fifth during her testimony. LeAnn becomes concerned about Aidan, who isn't willing to reveal what he told the Russians. Jane makes it clear that what is important is learning what Aidan divulged. She also informs the Underwoods that a gas attack is imminent in Homs, Syria, advising that they send in 30,000 troops after the attack and divert the committee's attention. When Frank and Claire tell Durant, she begins questioning the operation and later voices her protest to Jane. Doug confronts a frightened Lisa, who then calls Hammerschmidt and tells him about the encounter. LeAnn is confronted in a parking garage by Aidan, who is alive. The two share a close moment before he leaves. Frank is informed that Garrett Walker will be testifying. Though he is expected to plead the Fifth, tension arises when he and Frank meet before the hearing. Walker breaks his silence, revealing that it was Frank who got him involved in the Chinese money dealings. That night, LeAnn is given a voice recording revealing that Aidan has been murdered in his hotel room. Meanwhile, Jane shreds files regarding the dead Antarctic worker and Aidan.
63
11 "Chapter 63" Agnieszka Holland Laura Eason May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-511
On MSNBC, Seth and Hammerschmidt debate Walker's credibility in the wake of his testimony. Frank, Claire, Doug, and Usher discuss impeachment and the idea of censure, which Frank and Doug oppose. The next day, Hammerschmidt discovers leaked information that the White House staged the terrorist threat on Election Day. Seth panics in his office, while Frank discusses spying on all White House personnel to identify the leaker. While alone one night in the White House residence, Claire truly breaks the fourth wall for the first time in the series, and speaks directly to the camera audience, telling them that she has always known they have been there, but she is suspicious of them and their intentions, and that she is "ambivalent about attention." The FBI tells LeAnn that Aidan's death looked like a suicide, but the gun is missing. Meanwhile, Claire tells Tom she wants him to leave. Frank is confronted by Bob Birch and Terry Womack, who want Frank to consider resignation. Frank is speechless, partially because Womack himself is under investigation. Doug spies on West Wing staffers and is intrigued when LeAnn receives something unknown from Aidan. After confessing to Laura Moretti that he is the reason her husband died, Doug goes to LeAnn's apartment and the two have sex. An article drops the next day reporting that a source within the White House confirmed that Frank used questionable intelligence to close polling stations during the election. Frank confronts Cathy about this; she is cooperating with Romero. Frank later states that he believes Cathy is the leak, and that he has held on to her resignation. News breaks that Cathy will testify before the committee. An unknown source gives Hammerschimdt a "birthday card" containing a USB flash drive.
64
12 "Chapter 64" Robin Wright Frank Pugliese & Melissa James Gibson May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-512
In the Executive Residence, Frank tries to dissuade Cathy Durant from testifying before the committee, but she adamantly refuses his request. On her way out, Frank then pushes her down a flight of stairs, knocking her unconscious, and calls for help, claiming she's fallen. Cathy is hospitalized and thus prevented from testifying. Frank holds a press conference in the Oval Office regarding the Syrian gas bombings. However, reporters ask him about the growing possibility of impeachment. Frank is informed that Hammerschmidt is investigating Zoe's death and believes that it was not an accident. Needing to focus attention away from them, Frank and Claire agree that someone must take the fall for this alleged investigation. The next night, Claire and Frank hold a dinner for Doug, where they try to convince him to take the blame for Zoe's murder. Though initially off-put, Doug goes to LeAnn and "confesses" to the murder, though she doesn't believe him. It is revealed that Doug is in possession of birthday cards similar to those sent to Hammerschmidt. Claire discovers that Tom has been continuing his manuscript, which includes her confessions about the deaths of Zoe and Peter Russo. She goes to visit Tom to convince him not to publish his recent work, but he refuses and threatens to blackmail her. Claire and Tom have sex, but he suddenly dies from poison Claire had put in his whiskey. Mark then comes home the next morning and discovers his body, whereupon he is forced to quietly "dispose" of it. LeAnn and Nathan Green give their testimony. Frank, watching, debates whether he should testify as well. While he is urged not to, Frank goes to the committee, and while he claims to have done nothing wrong, he accuses the committee of trying to sabotage his presidency and that he respects the office too much to allow the investigation to go on. As a result, he announces he will resign the following day.
65
13 "Chapter 65" Robin Wright Melissa James Gibson & Frank Pugliese May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) HOC-513
Claire protests Frank's resignation, but he concludes it's the best outcome for everyone. Frank reveals that he has been planning this since the weekend retreat before the Ohio and Tennessee elections, where he concluded that the real power is not in who occupies the White House, but who “owns” it. He reveals he is behind the leaks to Hammerschmidt. Claire then confesses to him that she has killed Tom Yates and that there is no way it will lead back to them. After Frank resigns, Claire is sworn in and assumes the presidency, whereupon she leads an operation to track down Yusef Al-Ahmadhi, the elusive ICO terrorist plaguing the U.S. Doug gets interviewed by Hammerschmidt, who is continuing his investigation into Zoe's death. LeAnn is appointed as Claire’s Chief of Staff with the agreement that she turn over everything she knew about Aidan to Jane. However, shortly after she does so, Claire, Davis and Usher claim that the impending war means a more experienced Chief of Staff is needed, and LeAnn is presumably fired or forced to resign. That night, on her way to meet with Doug, LeAnn’s car is run off the road and she is presumed dead. Seth is also replaced at Claire's behest. Frank asks for a public pardon from Claire for both him and Doug. She agrees to do so in her upcoming TV broadcast, but tells Frank that for their secret arrangement to work, he has to leave the White House and make it appear that they are estranged. Frank reluctantly does so. That night, Claire gives her first televised address as the new President, informing the nation that they have killed Ahmadhi and that the U.S. is going to war with ICO. However, she gives no mention of a pardon to Frank or Doug, despite having agreed to do so. Frank, who has been watching the broadcast from his hotel room, angrily calls her to presumably demand an explanation, but Claire rejects the call, and stares towards the camera audience and coldly declares: "My turn."
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 71% based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The consensus reads, "House of Cards enjoys a confident return to form this season, though its outlandish edge is tempered slightly by the current political climate."[12] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 60 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[13]
Accolades[edit]
House of Cards received four major nominations for the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, Kevin Spacey for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series, Robin Wright for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, and Michael Kelly for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Zumer, Bryna (June 17, 2016). "Another casting call for 'popular political drama' set for Saturday in Bel Air". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘House of Cards’ Spotted Filming Around Baltimore". CBS Baltimore. July 21, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wright, Robin (February 14, 2017). "last day of @houseofcards Season 5. Happy Valentine's Day 🌹#HOCinMD". Instagram. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Steiner, Amanda Michelle (January 28, 2016). "House of Cards renewed for season 5, showrunner exits". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Littleton, Cynthia Michelle (February 26, 2016). "‘House of Cards’ Promotes Pair as Showrunners For Season 5". Variety. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (February 26, 2016). "‘House of Cards’ Season 5 Gets Premiere Date, Teaser". Variety. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (October 21, 2016). "'House of Cards' Adds Patricia Clarkson, Campbell Scott (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (May 1, 2017). "'House of Cards' Season 5 Trailer Hints at Underwood Victory". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Stack, Tim (April 21, 2017). "House of Cards: 'The battlefield for season 5 is the American psyche'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Allen, Ben (May 22, 2017). "Meet the cast of House of Cards season 5". Radio Times. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "House of Cards". Netflix. January 21, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "House of Cards: Season 5 (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "House of Cards: Season 5 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bacle, Ariana (July 13, 2017). "Emmys 2017: See the full list of nominees here". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
List of House of Cards episodes on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
House of Cards (U.S. TV series)
Seasons
1
"Chapter 1"
"Chapter 2"
"Chapter 3"
"Chapter 4"
"Chapter 5"
"Chapter 6"
"Chapter 7"
2
3
4
5
Characters
Frank Underwood
Claire Underwood
List of politicians
See also
Awards and nominations
Related
House of Cards (UK TV series)
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values: Episodi di House of Cards - Gli intrighi del potere (quinta stagione) – Italian

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