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Jim Halpert
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Jim Halpert
The Office character
John Krasinski as Jim Halpert
First appearance
"Pilot"
Last appearance
"Finale"
Created by
Greg Daniels
Portrayed by
John Krasinski
Information
Nickname(s)
"Big Tuna" (and several variations thereof, only by Andy)
"Jimmothy"
"Fat Halpert"
"Big Haircut"
"James"
"James Trickington"
"Slim-Jim"
"Jim-bag"
"Jimbo"
"Tuna Turner"
"Gumby"
Gender
Male
Occupation
Sales Representative, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
Assistant Regional Manager, Dunder Mifflin, Stamford CT
Assistant Regional Manager, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
Regional Co-Manager, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
Regional Co-Manager, Dunder Mifflin Sabre, Scranton PA
Regional Manager, Dunder Mifflin Sabre, Scranton PA
Assistant to the Regional Manager, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
President of New Acquisitions, Athleap, Austin, TX
Family
Gerald Halpert (father)
Betsy Halpert (mother)
Tom Halpert (brother)
Pete Halpert (brother)
Larissa Halpert (sister)
Vanessa Halpert (niece)
Unnamed nephew
Spouse(s)
Pam Beesly Halpert (m. 2009)
Children
Cecelia Marie Halpert[1][2]
Philip Halpert[1]
Religion
Presbyterian
Nationality
American
Based on
Tim Canterbury
Jim Halpert (born October 1, 1978) is a fictional character in the U.S. version of the television sitcom The Office, portrayed by John Krasinski. The character is based on Tim Canterbury from the original version of The Office. The character is named after a childhood friend of executive producer Greg Daniels.[3] He is introduced as a sales representative at the Scranton branch of paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before transferring to the Stamford branch in the third season. Upon the merger of Scranton and Stamford branches, he becomes Assistant Regional Manager, and later co-manager alongside Michael Scott during the sixth-season episode arc from "The Promotion" to "The Manager and the Salesman". After Dunder Mifflin is bought by Sabre Corporation, Jim is very briefly the sole regional manager of the branch, before returning to the Sales department until his requested termination in the series finale.
His character serves as the intelligent, mild-mannered straight man role to Michael, although it is also defined by a rivalrous pranking on fellow salesman Dwight Schrute and a romantic interest in receptionist Pam Beesly, whom he begins dating in the fourth season, marries in the sixth, and has children with in the sixth and eighth.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Character history
2.1 Seasons 1–3
2.2 Seasons 4–6
2.3 Season 7
2.4 Season 8–9
3 Appearances
4 Reception
5 References
Biography[edit]
Jim Halpert was born on October 1, 1978, to Gerald and Betsy Halpert. He has two brothers, Pete and Tom, who share his general love of pranks but have come across as unpleasant and somewhat bullying towards their little brother. Jim's parents presumably live in Scranton as well, as his sister Larissa and best friend Alan Murphy are listed as his emergency contact at Dunder Mifflin. While Pete and Tom have been seen on the show a few times, Larissa has not.[4] He has a niece, Vanessa,[5] and a nephew old enough to play T-ball.[6] In "Branch Wars", while he is not specific on which brother he is referring to, he states that his brother's wife just had another baby.[7] Jim enjoys cycling,[8] and, as he reveals in a deleted scene from "Take Your Daughter to Work Day", at times, will babysit Toby Flenderson's daughter, Sasha.[9] He also lists soft-shell crab as his favorite food.[10] Jim has noted that basketball "Was kind of [his] thing" in high school.[11] Although no high school is specifically named by Jim, both Dunmore High School (as evidenced in a deleted scene from "Product Recall" where, during a business visit, he asks a high school student about a former teacher) and West Scranton High School (as evidenced when, during "Email Surveillance", Pam holds up his yearbook displaying their mascot name, Invaders, across the front) are referenced in separate episodes. In the Episode "Dwight's Speech", Jim tells Dwight that he majored in Public Speaking, however, he later denies this.[12] Jim began working at Dunder Mifflin between 1998 and 1999 (as evidenced in "Pilot", and "The Merger", where Jim says that he still loves when Michael says, "Wazzup!" crazily after seven years, and that on his first day at work Michael played an orientation video which parodied The Blair Witch Project).[13]
In several episodes, it is stated that Jim is a fan of the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Eagles and the Philadelphia 76ers. Jim appears to be a fan of hip-hop, specifically Eminem as Pam mentions him listening to the 8 Mile Soundtrack on his iPod in "The Delivery". Apparently, he is of Scottish descent, as in "Niagara", his father can be seen wearing a kilt to his son's wedding to Pam.[14] In the episode "Weight Loss", it is revealed that his screen name for AIM is JIM9334.[6]
Though Jim loves to play pranks on Dwight, he is shown to have some things in common with his nemesis, such as a knowledge of comic books and an appreciation for the sci-fi/fantasy genre; as demonstrated in "Take Your Daughter To Work Day" when Jim and Dwight correct Michael on details about Superman and Aquaman.[15] Despite their frequent conflicts, Jim and Dwight are also shown to be an extremely competent sales team in "Traveling Salesmen".[16]
He and Pam share a 2009 Subaru Outback.
Character history[edit]
Seasons 1–3[edit]
Jim Halpert is first introduced in the "Pilot". He is adamant throughout the series about his job as a salesman at Dunder Mifflin Paper being a temporary one, saying, "Right now, this just a job. If I advance any higher, this would be my career. And if this were my career, I'd have to throw myself in front of a train."[3] This outlook is most apparent in the elaborate pranks that he plays on his workmates, primarily Dwight, as well as his sarcastic remarks and facial expressions to the film crew and his provoking comments during often ridiculous employee meetings. However, he succeeds professionally and is consistently one of the best salesmen. This is presumably because, as Pam mentioned later, "everybody likes Jim".
A major part of the character Jim Halpert is his relationship with Pam Beesly, which is often the subject of office speculation. This is made worse by the fact that Pam was engaged to Roy Anderson, a Dunder Mifflin warehouse worker. Throughout the first two seasons, incidents such as Pam falling asleep on Jim's shoulder in "Diversity Day" and drunkenly kissing him in "The Dundies" show a possibility of the feelings being mutual; however, Pam never acts on them and she remains engaged to Roy. On one occasion, in "The Fight," his flirting with her goes a little too far, when Meredith looks over to see him play-fighting with her, causing her to shut him down immediately, startling him with her abruptness, though she eventually forgives him. He becomes so upset when he hears Pam discuss wedding details that he calls a travel agency and schedules a trip to Australia, deliberately making himself unable to attend the wedding. Feeling bored by his job, tortured by his situation with Pam, and guilty about a stack of complaints Dwight has filed against him, Jim investigates a transfer to Dunder Mifflin's branch in Stamford, Connecticut. In the season 2 finale, "Casino Night", he confesses his love for Pam in the office. Pam, whose wedding to Roy was planned out and just weeks away, clearly shows her anguish but gently turns him down. Jim tearfully walks away, later kisses her in the office, and the season ends. In the third-season premiere "Gay Witch Hunt", it is revealed that he did transfer to Stamford despite the fact that Pam has called off her wedding and he clearly still harbors intense feelings for her. His reason is later stated as "It's just, I kinda put it all on the line. Twice. And she said no. Twice." in "The Convention".
Though in later seasons, after Ryan Howard's promotion, the relationship between him and Jim seems to be tense, in earlier seasons the two seem to be friendly. In "Casino Night", they are shown talking, laughing and drinking together.
Throughout season 2, Jim dates Katy, who initially appeared in season 1 as the "Purse Girl" in "Hot Girl". After Jim and Katy split up in "Booze Cruise", he leaves a message asking out a fellow Dunder Mifflin employee named Brenda, much to Kelly's disbelief. Jim's misfortunes are assumed to be because he is unable to get over Pam. However, things begin to look up for Jim as he befriends salesperson Karen Filippelli in Stamford, and when the company board of directors decides to close the Scranton branch, Jim is named Assistant Regional Manager of the newly created "Dunder Mifflin Northeast". However the company's plans change when Stamford regional manager Josh Porter accepts a job at Staples. The Stamford branch then closes, with a few employees being offered a transfer to Scranton. The offer to Jim to be Assistant Regional Manager stands, though now at Scranton. Jim is at first unwilling to return to Scranton because of Pam but eventually decides to do so. Karen, who has grown fond of Jim and wishes to pursue a relationship with him, also transfers to Scranton.
In "The Merger", Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight.
Toward the middle of the season, it becomes clear that Jim's unresolved feelings toward Pam are affecting his relationship with Karen. In "The Return", Jim decides to pull a prank on Andy; however, Karen is unable and Ryan unwilling to aid him, so he turns to Pam, who readily agrees. Their interaction during the prank causes Karen to feel threatened. She confronts Jim, and he finally admits to still having feelings for Pam. Despite this fact, their relationship continues.
In "Cocktails", Roy trashes the bar when Pam tells him she kissed Jim during "Casino Night". Roy then attempts to attack Jim at work in "The Negotiation", but Dwight sprays Roy with pepper spray. Roy is fired, but when Pam assures Jim that it is over between her and Roy for good, Jim doesn't believe it and tells her so.
In "Beach Games", during a company outing at the beach, Pam confesses to Jim in front of everyone that he was the reason she broke off her wedding to Roy. She also states that she has missed their friendship since he left Scranton for Stamford. Later that night, Jim tells Pam that he feels as if he never really came back from Stamford, tacitly admitting that he has actively been fighting his feelings for her all year. However, Jim's relationship with Karen and pending interview for a corporate position which would require his relocation to New York City, still obstruct a potential romance.
In "The Job", Jim, Karen, and Michael each interview for the corporate position. During the interview, he notices a caring note from Pam in his briefcase. After the interview he drives back to Scranton, leaving Karen without a ride. Back at the Scranton office, Pam is describing her lack of satisfaction with the current state of her relationship with Jim. Jim then suddenly interrupts the session to ask her to dinner, much to her surprise. She becomes flustered and overjoyed, and accepts the invitation. Jim replies "All right. Then... it's a date," and leaves abruptly. Pam turns back to the camera, smiling, only to ask, "What was the question?" In a webisode titled "Office Summer Vacation", found on NBC's website, Karen states that Jim "dumped my ass" and left her crying at a fountain.
Seasons 4–6[edit]
In the season premiere, "Fun Run", Pam and Jim reveal to the camera crew that they have been dating for a few months and are very happy. In the episode "Chair Model", Jim reveals his plan to propose to Pam, showing the camera crew a diamond ring, explaining that "[he] got it a week after [they] started dating".
In "Local Ad", Jim develops an avatar of himself for Dwight's game Second Life. Pam notes that his online alter-ego plays guitar and is a Philadelphia sports writer, implicitly revealing Jim's lesser known aspirations, and a callback to "Email Surveillance" from Season 2, in which he has a guitar in his bedroom.
In the episodes "Survivor Man" and "Night Out", Jim takes on his role as manager while Michael is out of the office. Both times, however, his attempts at making the office better go awry. Ryan, annoyed by Jim's popularity with his boss David Wallace, gives Jim a performance warning in "Did I Stutter?", citing "goofing off with Dwight" and "spending time at reception" as productivity problems, despite his high sale numbers.
Though early on in the series Jim drives a Toyota Corolla, he, during this time, drives late model Saabs, including the Saab 9-2x and top line Saab 9-3 Aero then a Subaru Outback. He mentions in "Niagara" that he has been able to drive a standard transmission since high school.
In "Goodbye, Toby", Jim shows his happiness and support for Pam getting into the Pratt Institute, where she will be for the next three months. He plans to propose at Toby's going away party, until Andy proposes in front of everybody to Angela, who accepts. Jim puts his ring back in his pocket and postpones the engagement. Instead, he proposes during the season 5 premiere, "Weight Loss", during a rainy last minute lunch date at an Interstate rest stop between Scranton and New York City, where Pam is attending Pratt.
Jim and Pam keep in touch during her time at art school via webcam, instant messaging and frequent phone calls. Jim eagerly awaits Pam's return in "Business Trip". He is sad but supportive when Pam calls, saying she has failed a class and can't come home yet. That afternoon he finds Pam waiting in the parking lot, claiming that she hated art school anyway. He purchases his parents' house and begins to take his career more seriously than in previous episodes. When new Vice President Charles Miner (Idris Elba) arrives at the office to oversee Michael, he and Jim immediately clash as Charles condescends to, and dismisses Jim as an underachiever and a smartass with a "made up position". Charles scoffs when Jim is invited to sit in on a meeting with David Wallace about the Michael Scott Paper Company. However, Jim comes off as intelligent and professional, and persuades Michael to be bought out. In the process, he finally stands up to Charles after Charles kisses up to their boss, prompting Jim to make a snide remark to his face. Upon realizing Dwight's incompetence during the meeting, Charles encourages Jim to speak to Michael. As a new receptionist has already been hired, Pam is re-hired in sales alongside Jim.
During "Company Picnic", Pam injures her ankle during a volleyball game and Jim takes her to the hospital. The camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim and Pam on her condition. There is no audio as the camera shows Jim and Pam suddenly embracing, looking shocked and ecstatic, before Jim emerges to call Dwight and inform him they won't be returning to the game. It is heavily implied that Pam is pregnant, and the pregnancy is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere, "Gossip".
Jim is promoted to Regional Co-Manager, alongside Michael, in "The Meeting." His promotion causes problems in the office as the staff doesn't take him seriously and he is often in a power struggle with Michael. When Dunder Mifflin files for bankruptcy and is taken over by Sabre, a company that sells printers, Jim chooses to become a salesman again (largely because Sabre's uncapped commission means a huge pay increase).
Jim and Pam marry in the highly anticipated, hour-long episode, "Niagara". When their guests' craziness threatens to ruin the wedding day, they run off and are privately married on the "Maid of the Mist" before returning to take part in their planned church wedding. Their daughter, Cecelia Marie Halpert (named after Jenna Fischer's niece who was born the day they shot "The Delivery") is born in another hour-long episode several months later, in "The Delivery".
Season 7[edit]
In season 7, some of Jim's vulnerabilities are displayed. Jim displays some mild jealousy when he meets Danny Cordray, a superior paper salesman who went on a few dates with Pam while he was in Stamford. In "Costume Contest", after hearing that Danny never called Pam back because she was too "dorky" for him, Jim is inspired to dress up in his Popeye costume for her (who is dressed as Olive Oyl), which he was initially reluctant to do, marking the first time he is seen dressed up in an actual costume. In "Classy Christmas", Jim falls victim to numerous snowball-themed pranks devised by Dwight. Jim is humiliated by being forced to feed Dwight a pizza and a beer in "Viewing Party" in order to get him to get Cece to sleep for the night.
His sales skills remain strong, when in "WUPHF.com" it is revealed that he has already maxed out his sales cap for the year and cannot make any more commissions, leading him to seek goofy respite in the office until Gabe Lewis chides him to stop bothering everyone. Since Gabe was unsympathetic to Jim's situation, Jim then sets up a prank that ends with Gabe being forced to listen to Jo Bennett's entire boring autobiography. In "The Seminar" it is revealed he has had the highest sales out of the entire Scranton branch for at least three months running.
In "Todd Packer", when Todd comes to Dunder Mifflin looking for a desk job in the office and gets hired, Dwight and Jim pull off a joint scheme to get him to leave the office.
In "Goodbye, Michael", Jim is the only one to figure out that Michael is leaving earlier than he said and opts to stay quiet to let Michael leave, but he tells Pam so she can get to him at the airport before he leaves. He also emotionally tells Michael he's been the best boss he's ever had, and they part on good terms.
In "Training Day", Jim and Pam try to make a good first impression on their new boss Deangelo Vickers. They believe they have started off well by showing him pictures of their baby, but Deangelo soon gets annoyed with them. In "The Inner Circle", Jim is shown to be one of Deangelo's favorites among the staff. He is temporarily banned from Deangelo's inner circle when he speaks up for the women after they object to Deangelo's sexist attitude. Jim later calls Deangelo out after the boss brags about a Michael Jordan jump shot he can perform, which causes a traumatic brain injury and leaves Deangelo in a coma.
In "Dwight K. Schrute, (Acting) Manager", Jo Bennett offers Jim the position of interim manager after Deangelo is gone, which Jim rejects. Jo later calls Jim as "the only man who turned me down".
In "Search Committee", Jim is one of three people scouting for Michael (and Deangelo)'s replacement. Creed is the interim regional manager, so this speeds up the process (since Creed is incompetent).[17]
Season 8–9[edit]
Early in season 8, it is revealed that Jim will be a father for the second time as Pam is expecting a son (where Pam jokingly calls him "Little Michael Scott"). Pam and Jim were blessed with the off-camera delivery of Philip Halpert around the midseason mark, and Jim brought Philip into the office to try and mend relations with his angry co-workers (he had lied about spending a full week on jury duty, having actually been dismissed on the first morning, and ended up spending the week helping an overwhelmed Pam take care of their two young children). Jim also had to deal with a crush from co-worker Cathy Simms, who unsuccessfully tried to seduce him while they were part of the Sabre Store team in Tallahassee.
In "New Guys", Jim reveals that he was given an offer to help his friend start a sports marketing company in Philadelphia called Athlead. At first he turns it down, but later reveals that he accepted the offer. Pam doesn't find out until "Andy's Ancestry", and although she is supportive, she is later concerned about Jim not having told her sooner and about how much money he has put into it. Jim gets permission from David Wallace to take up the second job, and in "The Target" he convinces Stanley and Phyllis to agree to cover his duties on the days that he is away.
In "Suit Warehouse", Jim offers Darryl a chance to join him at the new job and although Darryl has a disastrous interview, he does get the position thanks to Jim's recommendation. Later, Jim and Darryl become roommates although in "Vandalism" Darryl is annoyed at Jim's messy and sloppy living habits.
Jim's weekly commute to Philadelphia causes increasing strain on his marriage until in "Customer Loyalty", it comes to a head when he misses Cece's dance recital and then angrily blames Pam for not videotaping it. Tearfully, Pam breaks down and confides in Brian, the boom mic operator of the documentary crew.
In "Moving On", Pam interviews for a job in Philadelphia, but then reveals to Jim that she doesn't really want to move there after all.
In "Finale", Darryl reveals that Jim's sports marketing company is now located in Austin, Texas and has changed its name to Athleap. Pam sells the couple's home, unbeknownst to Jim, to show her support to Jim and allow the family to move to Austin so Jim can continue with Athleap.
Appearances[edit]
Jim has appeared in every episode of The Office with the exception of "Mafia", in which only his voice is heard. The clip show episode "The Banker" features Jim in flashbacks of previous episodes, and Jim only appears in new footage momentarily, and without any lines. Additionally, in the season seven episode "Ultimatum", Jim only appears in the cold open, and is absent without explanation for the rest of the episode. The cold open was actually filmed the previous season and recycled for the episode because John Krasinski was on location shooting a movie.
Reception[edit]
In the media, Jim is sometimes called an Everyguy.[18] In her article "Breaking Out of the First-Job Trap" for U.S. News and World Report, Liz Wolgemuth used Jim's character as a template for an essay on under-motivated, young, college grads.[3] In an article on stereotypical office worker profiles, Jim was identified as the worker who is "drifting along in a job, [while] you put off asking yourself hard questions about career plans."[19]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Halpert Baby Blog". Retrieved 10 July 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.officetally.com Officetally
^ Jump up to: a b c Wolgemuth, Liz (2008-03-24), "Breaking Out of the First-Job Trap" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine.. U.S. News & World Report. 144 (9):56-58 (accessed on 2008-08-23)
Jump up ^ "The Fight". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Employee Transfer". The Office. NBC.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weight Loss". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Branch Wars". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Email Surveillance". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Take Your Daughter to Work Day (Deleted Scene)". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Halloween". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Basketball". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Dwight's Speech"
Jump up ^ "The Merger". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Niagara (The Office)". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Take Your Daughter To Work Day". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Traveling Salesmen". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ "Search Committee". The Office. NBC.
Jump up ^ Endelman, Michael, Greenblatt, Leah, Kim, Wook, Soll, Lindsay, Stack, Tim, Tucker (not Tucker), Hannah (2006-12-08), "What to Get Your JIM HALPERT". Entertainment Weekly. 910:44
Jump up ^ HOW TO SUCCEED AT 'THE OFFICE' Preview By: Palmer, Kimberly. U.S. News & World Report, 3/24/2008, Vol. 144 Issue 9, p53-54
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Ring finger
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Ring finger.
The ring finger on this hand is extended (left hand).
Details
Artery
Proper palmar digital arteries,
dorsal digital arteries
Vein
Palmar digital veins, dorsal digital veins
Nerve
Dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve,
Dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve,
Proper palmar digital nerves of median nerve
Identifiers
Latin
Digitus IV manus, digitus quartus manus, digitus annularis manus, digitus medicinalis
TA
A01.1.00.056
FMA
24948
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The ring finger is the finger on which it is the custom in a particular culture for a wedding ring to be placed during a wedding ceremony and on which the wedding ring is subsequently worn to indicate the status of the wearer as a married person. It is commonly the finger between the middle finger and the little finger, and is so named because in some cultures it is the finger on which one usually wears a wedding ring after marriage. In some cultures the wedding ring is worn on the "ring finger" of the left hand and in others it is on the right hand. Traditionally, a wedding ring was worn only by the bride/wife, but in recent times more men also wear a wedding ring. It is also the custom in some cultures to wear an engagement ring on the ring finger.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Contemporary customs
3.1 Western customs
3.2 Non-Western customs
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Etymology[edit]
The origin of the selection of the fourth finger as the ring finger is not definitively known. According to László A. Magyar, the names of the ring finger in many languages reflect an ancient belief that it is a magical finger. It is named after magic or rings, or called nameless (for example, in Chinese: 無名指, unnamed finger).[1] In Sanskrit and other languages like Finnish or Russian, the ring finger is called respectively - "Anamika", "Nimetön" and "Безымянный" ("nameless"). In Arabic and Hebrew, the ring finger is called respectively - bansur (meaning "victory") - and kmitsa (meaning "taking a handful").
In anatomy, the ring finger is called digitus medicinalis, the fourth finger, digitus annularis, digitus quartus, or digitus IV. It may also be referred to as the third finger,[2] excluding the thumb. In Latin, the word anulus means "ring", digitus means "finger", and quartus means "fourth".
History[edit]
Main article: Wedding ring
Before medical science discovered how the circulatory system functioned, people believed that a vein ran directly from the fourth finger on the left hand to the heart.[3] Because of the hand–heart connection, they chose the descriptive name vena amoris, Latin for the vein of love, for this particular vein.[4]
Based upon this name, their contemporaries, purported experts in the field of matrimonial etiquette, wrote that it would only be fitting that the wedding ring be worn on this finger.[citation needed] By wearing the ring on the fourth finger of the left hand, a married couple symbolically declares their eternal love for each other.
In Britain, only women tended to wear a wedding ring until the 1st and 2nd World Wars, when married male soldiers started to wear rings to remind them of their partner.
Contemporary customs[edit]
Western customs[edit]
In Western cultures, a wedding ring is traditionally worn on the fourth finger, commonly called the ring finger in western culture. This developed from the Roman "anulus pronubis" when a man would give a ring to the woman at their betrothal ceremony. Blessing the wedding ring and putting it on the bride's finger dates from the 11th century. In medieval Europe, during the Christian wedding ceremony the ring was placed in sequence on the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers of the left hand. The ring was then left on the ring finger. In a few European countries, the ring is worn on the left hand prior to marriage, then transferred to the right during the ceremony. For example, a Greek Orthodox bride wears the ring on the left hand prior to the ceremony, then moves it to the right hand after the wedding. In England, the 1549 Prayer Book declared "the ring shall be placed on the left hand". By the 17th and 18th centuries the ring could be found on any finger after the ceremony — even on the thumb.
The wedding ring is generally worn on the ring finger of the left hand in the former British Empire, certain parts of Western Europe, certain parts of Catholic Central and Eastern Europe (and some not so), Mexico and Bolivia. These include: Australia, Botswana, Canada, Egypt, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK, and the US; France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Catalonia and Valencia (not the rest of Spain); Czech Republic, Slovakia, Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia, and Romania.
The wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand in some Orthodox and a small number of Catholic European countries, some Protestant Western European, as well as some Central and South American Catholic countries.[5] In Eastern Europe, these include: Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. In Central or Western Europe, these include: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Netherlands [if not Catholic], Norway, and (Catholic) Spain (except in Catalonia and Valencia). In Central or South America, these include: Colombia, Cuba, Peru, Venezuela.
The ring is worn on the right hand until the actual wedding day, when it is moved to the left hand in Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria as well as in Romania and Brazil.
Non-Western customs[edit]
In Sinhala and Tamil culture, the groom wears the wedding ring on his right hand and bride wears it on her left hand ring finger. This can be seen in countries like Sri Lanka where there is a rich Sinhala and Tamil cultural influence in the society.[6]
A wedding ring is not a traditional part of the religious Muslim wedding and wedding rings are not included in most Islamic countries, However, if a wedding ring is worn in an Islamic country, it may be worn on either the left (such is the custom in Iran) or the right ring finger (as in Jordan). As opposed to the wedding ring, use of a ring to denote betrothal or engagement is quite prevalent in Muslim countries, especially those in West and South Asia. Muslim engagement rings are typically worn on the right finger by men, and the left finger by women.
In a traditional Jewish wedding ceremony, the wedding ring is placed on the bride's righthand index finger[7], but other traditions place it on the middle finger or the thumb, most commonly in recent times.[8] Today, the ring usually is moved to the left hand ring finger after the ceremony. Some Jewish grooms have adopted wearing a wedding ring.
Rings are not traditional in an Indian wedding. However, in modern society it is becoming a practice to wear rings for engagements and not for actual marriage. Though the left hand is considered inauspicious for religious activities, a ring (not to be called wedding ring) is still worn on the left hand. Men generally wear the rings on the right hand and the women on the left hands.
See also[edit]
Digit ratio, comparative lengths of the index finger and ring finger and androgen levels in utero
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Magyar, László A. "Digitus Medicinalis — the Etymology of the Name" Actes du Congr. Intern. d'Hist. de Med. XXXII., Antwerpen. 175-179., 1990, retrieved September 2, 2009
Jump up ^ "Third finger". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
Jump up ^ George Frederick Kunz (1917). Rings for the finger: from the earliest known times, to the present, with full descriptions of the origin, early making, materials, the archaeology, history, for affection, for love, for engagement, for wedding, commemorative, mourning, etc. J. B. Lippincott company. pp. 193–194.
Jump up ^ Mukherji, Subha (2006), Law and Representation in Early Modern Drama, Cambridge University Press, pp. 35−36, ISBN 0521850355
Jump up ^ Why in the Orthodox tradition do we wear the wedding ring on the left hand?, antiochian.org
Jump up ^ "A Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu Wedding" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-03.
Jump up ^ "Guide to the Jewish Wedding". aish.com.
Jump up ^ David Sperber, in: Daniel Sperber, Minhagei Yisrael Vol. 4, Jerusalem 1995, pp. 92-93 (Hebrew)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ring fingers.
Look up ring finger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Archive of a 1998 article in a Flemish newspaper about the place of the wedding ring in the Low Countries
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text:
List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map of the United States with names and borders of states
The order in which the original 13 states ratified the 1787 Constitution, then the order in which the others were admitted to the union
A state of the United States of America is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government. Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside, due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government.[1] Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names.
States are the primary subdivisions of the United States and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, and ratifying constitutional amendments. Each state has its own constitution grounded in republican principles, and government consisting of executive, legislative, and judicial branches.[2]
All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two Senators, while Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census.[3] Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state.[4]
Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.[5]
The following table is a list of all 50 states and their respective dates of statehood. The first 13 became states in July 1776 upon agreeing to the United States Declaration of Independence, and each joined the first Union of states between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the Articles of Confederation, its first constitution.[6] (A separate table is included below showing AoC ratification dates.) These states are presented in the order in which each ratified the 1787 Constitution, thus joining the present federal Union of states. The date of admission listed for each subsequent state is the official date set by Act of Congress.[a]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of U.S. states
2 Articles of Confederation ratification dates
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
List of U.S. states[edit]
State
Date
(admitted or ratified)
Formed from
1 Delaware 000000001787-12-07-0000December 7, 1787[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Delaware[b]
2 Pennsylvania 000000001787-12-12-0000December 12, 1787[10]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Pennsylvania
3 New Jersey 000000001787-12-18-0000December 18, 1787[11]
(ratified) Crown Colony of New Jersey
4 Georgia 000000001788-01-02-0000January 2, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Georgia
5 Connecticut 000000001788-01-09-0000January 9, 1788[12]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Connecticut
6 Massachusetts 000000001788-02-06-0000February 6, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Massachusetts Bay
7 Maryland 000000001788-04-28-0000April 28, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Maryland
8 South Carolina 000000001788-05-23-0000May 23, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of South Carolina
9 New Hampshire 000000001788-06-21-0000June 21, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of New Hampshire
10 Virginia 000000001788-06-25-0000June 25, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Virginia
11 New York 000000001788-07-26-0000July 26, 1788[13]
(ratified) Crown Colony of New York
12 North Carolina 000000001789-11-21-0000November 21, 1789[14]
(ratified) Crown Colony of North Carolina
13 Rhode Island 000000001790-05-29-0000May 29, 1790[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
14 Vermont 000000001791-03-04-0000March 4, 1791[15]
(admitted) Vermont !Vermont Republic[c]
15 Kentucky 000000001792-06-01-0000June 1, 1792[16]
(admitted) Virginia (District of Kentucky: Fayette, Jefferson, and Lincoln counties[d])
16 Tennessee 000000001796-06-01-0000June 1, 1796[18]
(admitted) Southwest Territory
17 Ohio 000000001803-03-01-0000March 1, 1803[19][e]
(admitted) Northwest Territory (part)
18 Louisiana 000000001812-04-30-0000April 30, 1812[21]
(admitted) Orleans !Territory of Orleans
19 Indiana 000000001816-12-11-0000December 11, 1816
(admitted) Indiana Territory
20 Mississippi 000000001817-12-10-0000December 10, 1817[22]
(admitted) Mississippi Territory
21 Illinois 000000001818-12-03-0000December 3, 1818[23]
(admitted) Illinois Territory (part)
22 Alabama 000000001819-12-14-0000December 14, 1819[24]
(admitted) Alabama Territory
23 Maine 000000001820-03-15-0000March 15, 1820[25]
(admitted) Massachusetts (District of Maine[f])
24 Missouri 000000001821-08-10-0000August 10, 1821[26]
(admitted) Missouri Territory (part)
25 Arkansas 000000001836-06-15-0000June 15, 1836[27]
(admitted) Arkansas Territory
26 Michigan 000000001837-01-26-0000January 26, 1837[28]
(admitted) Michigan Territory
27 Florida 000000001845-03-03-0000March 3, 1845
(admitted) Florida Territory
28 Texas 000000001845-12-29-0000December 29, 1845
(admitted) Texas !Republic of Texas
29 Iowa 000000001846-12-28-0000December 28, 1846
(admitted) Iowa Territory (part)
30 Wisconsin 000000001848-05-29-0000May 29, 1848[29]
(admitted) Wisconsin Territory (part)
31 California 000000001850-09-09-0000September 9, 1850[30]
(admitted) Unorganized !unorganized territory (part)
32 Minnesota 000000001858-05-11-0000May 11, 1858[31]
(admitted) Minnesota Territory (part)
33 Oregon 000000001859-02-14-0000February 14, 1859
(admitted) Oregon Territory (part)
34 Kansas 000000001861-01-29-0000January 29, 1861[32]
(admitted) Kansas Territory (part)
35 West Virginia 000000001863-06-20-0000June 20, 1863[33]
(admitted) Virginia (Trans-Allegheny region counties[g])
36 Nevada 000000001864-10-31-0000October 31, 1864
(admitted) Nevada Territory
37 Nebraska 000000001867-03-01-0000March 1, 1867
(admitted) Nebraska Territory
38 Colorado 000000001876-08-01-0000August 1, 1876[36]
(admitted) Colorado Territory
39[h] North Dakota 000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted) Dakota Territory (part)
40 South Dakota 000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted) Dakota Territory (part)
41 Montana 000000001889-11-08-0000November 8, 1889[39]
(admitted) Montana Territory
42 Washington 000000001889-11-11-0000November 11, 1889[40]
(admitted) Washington Territory
43 Idaho 000000001890-07-03-0000July 3, 1890
(admitted) Idaho Territory
44 Wyoming 000000001890-07-10-0000July 10, 1890
(admitted) Wyoming Territory
45 Utah 000000001896-01-04-0000January 4, 1896[41]
(admitted) Utah Territory
46 Oklahoma 000000001907-11-16-0000November 16, 1907[42]
(admitted) Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory
47 New Mexico 000000001912-01-06-0000January 6, 1912
(admitted) New Mexico Territory
48 Arizona 000000001912-02-14-0000February 14, 1912
(admitted) Arizona Territory
49 Alaska 000000001959-01-03-0000January 3, 1959
(admitted) Alaska !Territory of Alaska
50 Hawaii 000000001959-08-21-0000August 21, 1959
(admitted) Hawaii !Territory of Hawaii
Articles of Confederation ratification dates[edit]
The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.[43]
State
Date
13 !1 Virginia 000000001777-12-16-0000December 16, 1777
12 !2 South Carolina 000000001778-02-05-0000February 5, 1778
08 !3 New York 000000001778-02-06-0000February 6, 1778
11 !4 Rhode Island 000000001778-02-09-0000February 9, 1778
01 !5 Connecticut 000000001778-02-12-0000February 12, 1778
03 !6 Georgia 000000001778-02-26-0000February 26, 1778
06 !7 New Hampshire 000000001778-03-04-0000March 4, 1778
10 !8 Pennsylvania 000000001778-03-05-0000March 5, 1778
05 !9 Massachusetts 000000001778-03-10-0000March 10, 1778
09 !10 North Carolina 000000001778-04-05-0000April 5, 1778
07 !11 New Jersey 000000001778-11-19-0000November 19, 1778
02 !12 Delaware 000000001779-02-01-0000February 1, 1779
04 !13 Maryland 000000001781-02-02-0000February 2, 1781
See also[edit]
North America portal
United States portal
Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing residents of the eastern portion of the Northwest Territory to form the state of Ohio
Missouri Compromise, 1820 federal statute enabling the admission of Missouri (a slave state) and Maine (a free state) into the Union
Toledo War, 1835–36 boundary dispute between Ohio and the adjoining Michigan Territory, which delayed Michigan's admission to the Union
Texas annexation, the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States as a state in the Union
Legal status of Texas
Compromise of 1850, a package of congressional acts, one of which provided for the admission of California to the Union
Bleeding Kansas, a series of violent conflicts in Kansas Territory involving anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions in the years preceding Kansas statehood, 1854–61
Enabling Act of 1889, authorizing residents of Dakota, Montana, and Washington territories to form state governments (Dakota to be divided into two states) and to gain admission to the Union
Enabling Act of 1906 authorizing residents of Oklahoma, Indian, New Mexico, and Arizona territories to form state governments (Indian and Oklahoma territories to be combined into one state) and to gain admission to the Union
Alaska Statehood Act, admitting Alaska as a state in the Union as of January 3, 1959
Legal status of Alaska
Hawaii Admission Act, admitting Hawaii as a state in the Union as of August 21, 1959
Legal status of Hawaii
List of states and territories of the United States
Federalism in the United States
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This list does not account for the secession of 11 states (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas) during the Civil War to form the Confederate States of America, nor for the subsequent restoration of those states to the Union, or each state's "readmission to representation in Congress" after the war, as the federal government does not give legal recognition to their having left the Union. Also, the Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede from the Union, but the Supreme Court held that a state cannot unilaterally do so in Texas v. White (1869).[7]
Jump up ^ Also known as the "Three Lower Counties Upon Delaware." Delaware became a state on June 15, 1776, when the Delaware Assembly formally adopted a resolution declaring an end to Delaware's status as a colony of Great Britain and establishing the three counties as an independent state under the authority of "the Government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex Upon Delaware."[9]
Jump up ^ Between 1749 and 1764 the provincial governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth, issued approximately 135 grants for unoccupied land claimed by New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River (in what is today southern Vermont), territory that was also claimed by New York. The resulting "New Hampshire Grants" dispute led to the rise of the Green Mountain Boys, and the later establishment of the Vermont Republic. New Hampshire's claim upon the land was extinguished in 1764 by royal order of George III, and in 1790 the State of New York ceded its land claim to Vermont for 30,000 Dollars.
Jump up ^ The Virginia General Assembly adopted legislation on December 18, 1789 separating its "District of Kentucky" from the rest of the State and approving its statehood.[17]
Jump up ^ The exact date upon which Ohio became a state is unclear. On April 30, 1802 the 7th Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173) On February 19, 1803 the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201) Neither act, however, set a formal date of statehood. An official statehood date for Ohio was not set until 1953, when the 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union", (Pub.L. 83–204, 67 Stat. 407, enacted August 7, 1953) which designated March 1, 1803, as that date.[20]
Jump up ^ The Massachusetts General Court passed enabling legislation on June 19, 1819 separating the "District of Maine" from the rest of the State (an action approved by the voters in Maine on July 19, 1819 by 17,001 to 7,132); then, on February 25, 1820, passed a follow-up measure officially accepting the fact of Maine's imminent statehood.[17]
Jump up ^ On May 13, 1862, the General Assembly of the Restored Government of Virginia passed an act granting permission for creation of West Virginia.[34] Later, by its ruling in Virginia v. West Virginia (1871), the Supreme Court implicitly affirmed that the breakaway Virginia counties did have the proper consents necessary to become a separate state.[35]
Jump up ^ When President Benjamin Harrison signed the statehood proclamations for North and South Dakota he shuffled the papers on his desk and covered up all but the signature line of the documents. No one knows which state he signed into existence first. North Dakota's proclamation was published first in the Statutes at Large, as it is first in alphabetical order.[37]
^ Jump up to: a b Brought into existence within moments of each other on the same day, North and South Dakota are the nation's only twin-born states.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Erler, Edward. "Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship". The Heritage Foundation.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature". Minnesota State Legislature.
Jump up ^ Kristin D. Burnett. "Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08)" (PDF). U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration.
Jump up ^ Elhauge, Einer R. "Essays on Article II: Presidential Electors". The Heritage Foundation.
Jump up ^ "Doctrine of the Equality of States". Justia.com.
Jump up ^ Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.
Jump up ^ "Texas v. White 74 U.S. 700 (1868)". Justia.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Vile, John R. (2005). The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America's Founding (Volume 1: A-M). ABC-CLIO. p. 658. ISBN 1-85109-669-8.
Jump up ^ "Delaware Government". Delaware.gov. Government Information Center, Delaware Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Overview of Pennsylvania History - 1776-1861: Independence to the Civil War". PA.gov. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission.
Jump up ^ "1787 Convention Minutes". NJ.gov. New Jersey Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: January 9". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: July 26". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: November 21". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "The 14th State". Vermont History Explorer. Vermont Historical Society.
Jump up ^ "Constitution Square Historic Site". Danville/Boyle County Convention and Visitors Bureau.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Name and Status History of the several States and U.S. Territories". TheGreenPapers.com.
Jump up ^ "State History Timeline". TN.gov. Tennessee Department of State. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blue, Frederick J. (Autumn 2002). "The Date of Ohio Statehood". Ohio Academy of History Newsletter. Archived from the original on September 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Clearing up the Confusion surrounding Ohio's Admission to Statehood
Jump up ^ "About Louisiana: quick facts". louisiana.gov. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Welcome from the Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission". Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: December 3". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Alabama History Timeline: 1800-1860". alabama.gov. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: March 15". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: August 10". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: June 15". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: January 26". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: May 29". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "California Admission Day September 9, 1850". CA.gov. California Department of Parks and Recreation.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: May 11". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: January 29". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: June 20". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "A State of Convenience: The Creation of West Virginia, Chapter Twelve, Reorganized Government of Virginia Approves Separation". Wvculture.org. West Virginia Division of Culture and History.
Jump up ^ "Virginia v. West Virginia 78 U.S. 39 (1870)". Justia.com.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: August 1". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ MacPherson, James; Burbach, Kevin (November 2, 2014). "At 125 years of Dakotas statehood, rivalry remains". Bismarck Tribune.
^ Jump up to: a b "Today in History: November 2". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ Wishart, David J. (ed.). "Montana". Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: November 11". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ Thatcher, Linda Thatcher (2016). "Struggle For Statehood Chronology". historytogo.utah.gov. State of Utah.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: November 16". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ Rodgers, Paul (2011). United States Constitutional Law: An Introduction. McFarland. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7864-6017-5.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutstatehoodat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
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"U.S. States Videos". History.com.
"Dates of statehood". 50states.com.
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