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Time Person of the Year
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For other uses, see Person of the Year.
Person of the Year (called Man of the Year or Woman of the Year until 1999)[1] is an annual issue of the United States news magazine Time that features and profiles a person, a group, an idea, or an object that "for better or for worse... has done the most to influence the events of the year".[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Selection
2.1 U.S. Presidents
2.2 Women
2.3 Groups and non-humans
2.4 Special awards
2.5 Controversial choices
2.6 Withdrawn selections
2.7 Online poll
3 Persons of the Year
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
The tradition of selecting a "Man of the Year" began in 1927, with Time editors contemplating the news makers of the years. The idea was also an attempt to remedy the editorial embarrassment earlier that year of not having aviator Charles Lindbergh on its cover following his historic trans-Atlantic flight. By the end of the year, it was decided that a cover story featuring Lindbergh as the Man of the Year would serve both purposes.[3]
Selection[edit]
U.S. Presidents[edit]
Since the list began, every serving President of the United States has been a Man or Person of the Year at least once with the exceptions of Calvin Coolidge, in office at time of the first issue, Herbert Hoover, the next U.S. president, and Gerald Ford. Most were named Man or Person of the Year either the year they were elected or while they were in office; the only one to be given the title before being elected is Dwight D. Eisenhower, in 1944 as Supreme Commander of the Allied Invasion Force, eight years before his election. He subsequently received the title again in 1959, while in office. Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only person to have received the title three times, first as president-elect (1932) and later as the incumbent president (1934 and 1941).
Women[edit]
In 1999, the title was changed to Person of the Year.[4] Women who have been selected for recognition after the renaming include "The Whistleblowers" (Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley, and Sherron Watkins in 2002), Melinda Gates (jointly with Bill Gates and Bono, in 2005), Angela Merkel in 2015 and "The Silence Breakers" (Isabel Pascual, Adama Iwu, Ashley Judd, Susan Fowler and Taylor Swift in 2017). Prior to 1999, four women were granted the title as individuals: three as "Woman of the Year"—Wallis Simpson (1936), Queen Elizabeth II (1952), and Corazon Aquino (1986)–and one as half of the "Man and Wife of the Year", Soong Mei-ling (1937).[5] "American Women" were recognized as a group in 1975. Other classes of people recognized comprise both men and women, such as "Hungarian Freedom Fighters" (1956), "U.S. Scientists" (1960), "The Inheritors" (1966), "The Middle Americans" (1969), "The American Soldier" (2003), "You" (2006), "The Protester" (2011) represented on the cover by a woman, and "Ebola fighters" (2014). Although the title on the magazine remained "Man of The Year" for both the 1956 "Hungarian Freedom Fighter" and the 1966 "Twenty-five and Under" editions which both featured a woman standing behind a man, and "Men of the Year" on the 1960 "U.S. Scientists" edition which exclusively featured men on its cover. It wasn't until the 1969 edition on "The Middle Americans" did the title embrace "Man and Woman of the Year".
Groups and non-humans[edit]
Despite the name, the title is not just granted to individuals. Pairs of people such as married couples and political opponents, classes of people, and inanimate objects have all been selected for the special year-end issue.
Multiple named people
Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling, President and First Lady of China (1937)
William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell, crew of Apollo 8 (1968)
Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, political allies (1972)
Ronald Reagan and Yuri Andropov, Cold War rivals (1983)
Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk; Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin, political leaders leading peace negotiations (1993)
Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, key figures in the Clinton impeachment (1998)
Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley and Sherron Watkins, whistleblowers (2002)
Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Bono, philanthropists (2005)
Classes of unnamed people
The American fighting-man (1950)
The Hungarian freedom fighter (1956)
U.S. Scientists (1960)
The Inheritor (1966)
Middle Americans (1969)
American women (1975)
The American soldier (2003)
You (2006)
The Protester (2011)
Ebola fighters (2014)
The Silence Breakers (2017)
Inanimate objects
The Computer (Machine of the Year, 1983)
The Endangered Earth (Planet of the Year, 1988)
Special awards[edit]
In 1949, Winston Churchill was named "Man of the Half-Century", and the last issue of 1989 named Mikhail Gorbachev as "Man of the Decade". The December 31, 1999 issue of Time named Albert Einstein the "Person of the Century". Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi were chosen as runners-up.[6]
Controversial choices[edit]
Despite the magazine's frequent statements to the contrary, the designation is often regarded as an honor, and spoken of as an award or prize, simply based on many previous selections of admirable people.[7] However, Time magazine points out that controversial figures such as Adolf Hitler (1938), Joseph Stalin (1939 and 1942), Nikita Khrushchev (1957) and Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) have also been granted the title for their impacts.[8]
As a result of the public backlash it received from the United States for naming Khomeini as Man of the Year in 1979, Time has since shied away from using figures who are controversial in the United States for commercial reasons, fearing reductions in sales or advertising revenue.[9]
Time's Person of the Year 2001, immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks, was New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The stated rules of selection, the individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest effect on the year's news, made Osama bin Laden a more likely choice that year. The issue that declared Giuliani the Person of the Year included an article that mentioned Time's earlier decision to select the Ayatollah Khomeini and the 1999 rejection of Hitler as "Person of the Century". The article seemed to imply that Osama bin Laden was a stronger candidate than Giuliani, as Adolf Hitler was a stronger candidate than Albert Einstein. The selections were ultimately based on what the magazine describes as who they believed had a stronger influence on history and who represented either the year or the century the most. According to Time, Rudolph Giuliani was selected for symbolizing the American response to the September 11th attacks, and Albert Einstein selected for representing a century of scientific exploration and wonder.
Another controversial choice was the 2006 selection of "You", representing most if not all people for advancing the information age by using the Internet (via e.g. blogs, MySpace, YouTube, and Wikipedia).[10]
Withdrawn selections[edit]
In 1941, the fictional elephant Dumbo from the Disney movie of the same name was selected to be "Mammal of the Year", and a cover was created showing Dumbo in a formal portrait style. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 pre-empted the cover. The U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt was named Man of the Year for a record third time, although Dumbo's Mammal of the Year profile still appeared on the inside pages of the magazine.[11]
Film-maker Michael Moore claims that director Mel Gibson cost him the opportunity to be Person of the Year alongside Gibson in 2004. Moore's controversial political documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 became the highest-grossing documentary of all time the same year Gibson's The Passion of the Christ became a box-office success and also caused significant controversy. Moore said in an interview "I got a call right after the '04 election from an editor from Time Magazine. He said,' Time Magazine has picked you and Mel Gibson to be Time's Person of the Year to put on the cover, Right and Left, Mel and Mike. The only thing you have to do is pose for a picture with each other. And do an interview together.' I said 'OK.' They call Mel up, he agrees. They set the date and time in LA. I'm to fly there. He's flying from Australia. Something happens when he gets home... Next thing, Mel calls up and says, 'I'm not doing it. I've thought it over and it is not the right thing to do.' So they put Bush on the cover."[12]
On November 24, 2017, U.S. president Donald Trump posted on the social media network Twitter that Time editors had told him he would "probably" be named Person of the Year for a second time, conditional on an interview and photo shoot which he had refused. Time denied that that they had made any such promises or conditions to Trump, who was named a runner-up.[13]
Online poll[edit]
Time magazine also holds an online poll for the readers to vote for who they believe to be the Person of the Year. While many mistakenly believe the winner of the poll to be the Person of the Year, the title, as mentioned above, is decided by the editors of Time. In the first online poll held in 1998, wrestler and activist Mick Foley won with over 50% of the votes.[14][15] Foley was removed from the poll, and the title was given to Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, which led to outrage from the fans of Foley who mistakenly believed the winner of the poll would be the winner of the title. In 2006, the poll winner by a wide margin was Hugo Chávez, with 35% of the votes. The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, came in second. Time again ignored those results, not mentioning them in the announcement of the Person of the Year.[16] Time continues to annually run an online poll for the "People's Choice", but stresses the decision on whom the magazine recognizes is not made by the poll, but by the magazine's editors.[17]
Persons of the Year[edit]
Year
Image
Choice
Lifetime
Notes
Runners-up
1927
Lindbergh, CharlesCharles Lindbergh
1902–1974 In 1927, Lindbergh became the first person to fly a plane solo non-stop across the Atlantic, from New York to Paris.
1928
Chrysler, WalterWalter Chrysler
1875–1940 In 1928, Chrysler oversaw a merger of his Chrysler Corporation with Dodge before beginning work on the Chrysler Building.
1929
Young, Owen D.Owen D. Young
1874–1962 Young chaired a committee which authored 1929's Young Plan, a program for settlement of German reparations after World War I.
1930
Gandhi, MahatmaMahatma Gandhi
1869–1948 Gandhi was the leader of the India's independence movement. In 1930, he led the Salt Satyagraha, a 240-mile march to protest the imposition of taxes on salt by the British Raj.
1931
Laval, PierrePierre Laval
1883–1945 Laval was first elected Prime Minister of France in 1931. Laval was popular in the American press at the time for opposing the Hoover Moratorium, a temporary freeze on World War I debt payments that was disliked in both France and the US.[18]
1932
Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
1882–1945 Roosevelt won the 1932 US Presidential election by a landslide, defeating the incumbent, Herbert Hoover.
1933
Johnson, Hugh S.Hugh S. Johnson
1882–1942 In 1933, Johnson was appointed director of the National Recovery Administration, tasked by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to bring industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices.
1934
Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt (2)
1882–1945 Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. In 1934, Roosevelt's New Deal reforms were beginning to bear fruit.
1935
Selassie, HaileHaile Selassie
1892–1975 Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia in 1935, when Italian forces invaded Ethiopia, starting the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.
1936
Simpson, WallisWallis Simpson
1896–1986 In 1936, Simpson's relationship with King Edward VIII led the king to abdicate his throne in order to marry her.
1937
Kai-shek, ChiangChiang Kai-shek
1887–1975 Chiang was Premier of the Republic of China at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.
Mei-ling, SoongSoong Mei-ling
1898–2003 Soong was wife of Chiang Kai-shek from 1927 until his death in 1975. Addressed as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek by the magazine, she was recognized together with her husband as "Man & Wife of the Year".[5]
1938
Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler
1889–1945 As German Chancellor, Hitler oversaw the unification of Germany with Austria and the Sudetenland in 1938, after the Anschluss and Munich Agreement respectively.
1939
Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin
1878–1953 In 1939, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and de facto leader of the Soviet Union. He oversaw the signing of a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany before invading eastern Poland.
1940
Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill
1874–1965 Churchill was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1940 Dunkirk evacuation and the Battle of Britain.
1941
Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt (3)
1882–1945 Roosevelt was President of the United States in 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, declaration of war against Japan and resulting entry of the United States into World War II. The editors had already chosen Dumbo as their "Mammal of the Year" before the Pearl Harbor attack, but quickly changed it to Roosevelt.[11]
1942
Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin (2)
1878–1953 By 1942, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier of the Soviet Union, overseeing the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943).
1943
Marshall, GeorgeGeorge Marshall
1880–1959 As United States Army Chief of Staff in 1943, General Marshall was instrumental in organizing US actions in World War II.
1944
Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower
1890–1969 General Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during 1944's Operation Overlord.
1945
Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
1884–1972 Truman became President of the United States after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, authorizing the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1946
Byrnes, James F.James F. Byrnes
1879–1972 In 1946, Byrnes was United States Secretary of State during the Iran crisis of 1946, taking an increasingly hardline position in opposition to Stalin. His speech, "Restatement of Policy on Germany", set the tone of future US policy, repudiating the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and giving Germans hope for the future.
1947
Marshall, GeorgeGeorge Marshall (2)
1880–1959 Appointed United States Secretary of State in 1947, Marshall was the architect of the Marshall Plan.
1948
Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman (2)
1884–1972 Truman was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1948, considered to be one of the greatest election upsets in American history.[19][20][21]
1949
Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill (2)
1874–1965 Proclaimed as the "Man of the half-century", Churchill had led Britain and the Allies to victory in WWII. In 1949, Churchill was Leader of the Opposition.
1950
American fighting !The American fighting-man
Representing U.S. troops involved in the Korean War (1950–1953).
1951
Mossadegh, MohammadMohammad Mossadegh
1882–1967 In 1951, Mossadegh was elected as Prime Minister of Iran and expelled western oil companies, starting the Abadan Crisis
1952
Elizabeth !Elizabeth II
Born in 1926 In 1952, Elizabeth acceded to the throne of the United Kingdom[a] upon the death of her father, King George VI
1953
Adenauer, KonradKonrad Adenauer
1876–1967 In 1953, Adenauer was re-elected as Chancellor of West Germany.
1954
Dulles, John FosterJohn Foster Dulles
1888–1959 As United States Secretary of State in 1954, Dulles was architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
1955
Curtice, HarlowHarlow Curtice
1893–1962 Curtice was President of General Motors (GM) from 1953 to 1958. In 1955, GM sold five million vehicles and became the first corporation to earn US$1 billion in a single year.[22]
1956
Hungarian !The Hungarian freedom fighter
Representing Hungarian revolutionaries involved in the failed 1956 uprising.
1957
Khrushchev, NikitaNikita Khrushchev
1894–1971 In 1957, Khrushchev consolidated his leadership of the Soviet Union, surviving a plot to dismiss him by members of the Presidium, and leading the Soviet Union into the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1.
1958
de Gaulle, CharlesCharles de Gaulle
1890–1970 De Gaulle was appointed Prime Minister of France in May 1958 and, following the collapse of the Fourth Republic and establishment of the Fifth Republic, was then elected President of France in December.
1959
Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower (2)
1890–1969 Eisenhower was President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
1960
Us Scientists !U.S. Scientists
Represented by George Beadle, Charles Draper, John Enders, Donald A. Glaser, Joshua Lederberg, Willard Libby, Linus Pauling, Edward Purcell, Isidor Rabi, Emilio Segrè, William Shockley, Edward Teller, Charles Townes, James Van Allen and Robert Woodward.
1961
Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy
1917–1963 Kennedy was inaugurated as President of the United States in 1961, ordering the failed invasion of Cuba by U.S.-trained Cuban exiles.
1962
John XXIII, PopePope John XXIII
1881–1963 John XXIII was head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963. In 1962, he volunteered as a mediator in the Cuban Missile Crisis, gaining praise from both sides. He also initiated the Second Vatican Council that same year.
1963
King Jr., Martin LutherMartin Luther King Jr.
1929–1968 A leader of the Civil Rights Movement, King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.
1964
Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
1908–1973 Johnson was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1964, before securing the passage of the Civil Rights Act, declaring a War on Poverty and escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
1965
Westmoreland, WilliamWilliam Westmoreland
1914–2005 General Westmoreland was commander of U.S. forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
1966
Inheritor !The Inheritor
Representing a generation of American men and women, aged 25 and under.
1967
Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson (2)
1908–1973 Johnson was President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
1968
Apollo !The Apollo 8 astronauts
In 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 (William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell) became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, orbiting the Moon and paving the way for the first manned Moon landings in 1969.
1969
Middle America !The Middle Americans
Also referred to as the silent majority.[23]
1970
Brandt, WillyWilly Brandt
1913–1992 As Chancellor of West Germany, Brandt was acknowledged for "seeking to bring about a fresh relationship between East and West" through his "bold approach to the Soviet Union and the East Bloc".[24]
1971
Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
1913–1994 Nixon was President of the United States from 1969 to 1974.
1972
Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon (2)
1913–1994 As President of the United States, Nixon visited China in 1972, the first U.S. President to do so. Nixon later secured the SALT I pact with the Soviet Union before being re-elected in one of the largest landslide election victories in American history
Kissinger, HenryHenry Kissinger
Born in 1923 Kissinger, as Nixon's National Security Advisor, travelled with the President to China in 1972.
1973
Sirica, JohnJohn Sirica
1904–1992 In 1973, as Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Sirica ordered President Nixon to turn over Watergate-related recordings of White House conversations.
1974
Faisal !King Faisal
1906–1975 Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, was acknowledged in the wake of the oil crisis of 1973–1974, caused by Saudi Arabia withdrawing its oil from world markets in protest at Western support for Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.
1975
American women !American women
Represented by Susan Brownmiller, Kathleen Byerly, Alison Cheek, Jill Conway, Betty Ford, Ella Grasso, Carla Hills, Barbara Jordan, Billie Jean King, Carol Sutton, Susie Sharp, and Addie Wyatt.
1976
Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter
Born in 1924 In 1976, Carter was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent President Gerald Ford.
1977
Sadat, AnwarAnwar Sadat
1918–1981 Sadat, as President of Egypt, traveled to Israel in 1977—the first Arab leader to do so—to discuss normalization of Egypt-Israel relations.
1978
Xiaoping, DengDeng Xiaoping
1904–1997 China's Vice Premier. Deng overthrew Hua Guofeng to assume de facto control over China in 1978, as Paramount Leader.
1979
Khomeini, RuhollahRuhollah Khomeini
1902–1989 Khomeini led the 1979 Iranian Revolution, establishing himself as Supreme Leader.
1980
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
1911–2004 Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980, defeating incumbent President Jimmy Carter.
1981
Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa
Born in 1943 Leader of the Polish Solidarity trade union and architect of the Gdańsk Agreement until his arrest and the imposition of martial law in December 1981.
1982
Computer !The Computer
Denoted "Machine of the Year" to herald the dawn of the Information Age.
1983
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan (2)
1911–2004 In 1983, as President of the United States, Reagan ordered the invasion of Grenada and championed the Strategic Defense Initiative.
Andropov, YuriYuri Andropov
1914–1984 Andropov, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was a strong critic of the Strategic Defense Initiative. Andropov was hospitalized in August 1983 and subsequently died in 1984.
1984
Ueberroth, PeterPeter Ueberroth
Born in 1937 Ueberroth orchestrated the organization of the 1984 Summer Olympics, which involved a Soviet-led boycott.
1985
Xiaoping, DengDeng Xiaoping (2)
1904–1997 As Paramount Leader of China, Deng was acknowledged for "sweeping economic reforms that have challenged Marxist orthodoxies".[25]
1986
Aquino, CorazonCorazon Aquino
1933–2009 Aquino was a prominent figure in 1986's People Power Revolution, being elected President of the Philippines.
1987
Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev
Born in 1931 As General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev oversaw Perestroika political reforms in 1987.
1988
Endangered !The Endangered Earth
Planet of the Year, involving an aspect of Mother Nature.
1989
Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev (2)
Born in 1931 Acknowledged as "Man of the Decade". Gorbachev, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Soviet leader), oversaw 1989's first free Soviet elections before the fragmentation of the Eastern Bloc.
1990
Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
Born in 1924 As President of the United States, Bush oversaw U.S. involvement in the Gulf War (1990–1991).
1991
Turner, TedTed Turner
Born in 1938 Founder of CNN. The piece particularly highlighted CNN's coverage of Operation Desert Storm and the Gulf War, proclaiming it "History as it happens".
1992
Clinton, BillBill Clinton
Born in 1946 Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent President George H. W. Bush.
1993
Peacemakers !The Peacemakers
Represented by Yasser Arafat, F. W. de Klerk, Nelson Mandela, and Yitzhak Rabin.
De Klerk, as State President of South Africa, oversaw Mandela's release from prison in 1990. The pair worked together to end the Apartheid system.
Arafat, as President of the Palestinian National Authority, and Rabin, as Prime Minister of Israel, signed the 1993 Oslo Accord, the first face-to-face agreement between Palestinian and Israeli authorities.
1994
John Paul II, PopePope John Paul II
1920–2005 Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005.
1995
Gingrich, NewtNewt Gingrich
Born in 1943 Leader of the "Republican Revolution", a Republican party election landslide, which led to Gingrich being elected Speaker of the House.
1996
Ho, DavidDavid Ho
Born in 1952 Ho, a scientist, pioneered much AIDS research.
1997
Grove, AndrewAndrew Grove
1936–2016 In 1997, Grove was Chairman and CEO of Intel, recognized as a pioneer in the semiconductor industry.
1998
Clinton, BillBill Clinton (2)
Born in 1946 As President of the United States, Clinton was impeached in 1998 following the Lewinsky scandal. The Senate acquitted him of the charges.
Starr, KenKen Starr
Born in 1946 Starr, a lawyer investigating various figures within the Clinton administration, published his Starr Report in 1998, opening the door for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.
1999
Bezos, JeffJeff Bezos
Born in 1964 Bezos is founder and CEO of Amazon.com.
2000
Bush, George W.George W. Bush
Born in 1946 In 2000, Bush was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent Vice President Al Gore.
2001
Giuliani, RudyRudy Giuliani
Born in 1944 Giuliani was Mayor of New York City at the time of the September 11 attacks in 2001, was selected as a symbol of America's response to the attacks.
2002
Whistleblowers !The Whistleblowers
Represented by Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley and Sherron Watkins.
In 2001, Watkins uncovered accounting irregularities in the financial reports of Enron, testifying before Congressional committees the following year. In 2002, Cooper exposed a $3.8 billion fraud at WorldCom. At the time, this was the largest incident of accounting fraud in U.S. history. In 2002, Rowley, an FBI agent, gave testimony about the FBI's mishandling of information related to the September 11 attacks of 2001.
2003
American soldier !The American soldier (2)
Representing U.S. forces around the world, especially in the Iraq War (2003–2011).
2004
Bush, George W.George W. Bush (2)
Born in 1946 In 2004, Bush was re-elected President of the United States, overseeing U.S. involvement in the Iraq War.
2005
Good Samaritans !The Good Samaritans
Represented by Bono, Bill Gates and Melinda Gates.
Bono, philanthropist and member of the rock band U2, helped to organise the 2005 Live 8 concerts. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and richest person in the world, and his wife Melinda, founded the philanthropic Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
2006
You !You[10]
Representing individual content creators on the World Wide Web.
4 runners-up[show]
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Hu Jintao
Kim Jong-il
James Baker
[26]
2007
Putin, VladimirVladimir Putin[27]
Born in 1952 In 2007, Putin was serving as President of Russia.
4 runners-up[show]
Al Gore
J. K. Rowling
Hu Jintao
David Petraeus
[28]
2008
Obama, BarackBarack Obama[29]
Born in 1961 In 2008, Obama was elected President of the United States, defeating John McCain.
4 runners-up[show]
Henry Paulson
Nicolas Sarkozy
Sarah Palin
Zhang Yimou
[30]
2009
Bernanke, BenBen Bernanke[31]
Born in 1953 Chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Financial crisis of 2007–08.
4 runners-up[show]
Stanley McChrystal
The Chinese Worker
Nancy Pelosi
Usain Bolt
[32]
2010
Zuckerberg, MarkMark Zuckerberg[33]
Born in 1984 Founder of social-networking website Facebook.
4 runners-up[show]
The Tea Party
Hamid Karzai
Julian Assange
The Chilean Miners
[34]
2011
Protester !The Protester[35]
Representing many global protest movements — for example, the Arab Spring, the Indignants Movement, the Occupy Movement and the Tea Party movement — as well as protests in Chile, Greece, India and Russia among others.
4 runners-up[show]
William McRaven
Ai Weiwei
Paul Ryan
Kate Middleton
[36]
2012
Obama, BarackBarack Obama (2)[37]
Born in 1961 In 2012, Obama was re-elected President of the United States, defeating Mitt Romney.
8 runners-up[show]
Marissa Mayer
Mohammed Morsi
Undocumented Americans
Bill and Hillary Clinton
Malala Yousafzai
Tim Cook
The Higgs boson
Fabiola Gianotti
[38]
2013
Francis, PopePope Francis[39]
Born in 1936 Elected head of the Roman Catholic Church in 2013, following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI.
9 runners-up[show]
Bashar Assad
Jeff Bezos
Ted Cruz
Miley Cyrus
Barack Obama
Hassan Rouhani
Kathleen Sebelius
Edward Snowden
Edith Windsor
[40]
2014
Ebola !Ebola fighters[41]
"Ebola fighters" refers to health care workers who helped stop the spread of Ebola virus disease during the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, including not only doctors and nurses, but also ambulance attendants, burial parties and others.[42]
Represented on the covers by Dr. Jerry Brown, the medical director at the Eternal Love Winning Africa Hospital in Monrovia, Liberia,[43][44] Dr. Kent Brantly, a physician with Samaritan's Purse and the first American to be infected in the 2014 outbreak,[44][45] Ella Watson-Stryker, a health promoter for Doctors Without Borders who is originally from the United States,[44][46] Foday Gallah, an ambulance supervisor and Ebola survivor from Monrovia, Liberia,[44][47] and Salome Karwah, a trainee nurse and counselor from Liberia whose parents died of Ebola,[44][48] as well as others mentioned in the article itself, such as Dr. Pardis Sabeti from the Broad Institute.
7 runners-up[show]
The Ferguson protesters
Vladimir Putin
Taylor Swift
Jack Ma
Tim Cook
Masoud Barzani
Roger Goodell
[49]
2015
Merkel, AngelaAngela Merkel
Born in 1954 Chancellor of Germany since 2005, recognized for leadership in the Greek debt crisis and European migrant crisis.[50]
7 runners-up[show]
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Black Lives Matter activists
Caitlyn Jenner
Travis Kalanick
Vladimir Putin
Hassan Rouhani
Donald Trump
[51]
2016
Trump, DonaldDonald Trump
Born in 1946 In 2016, Trump was elected President of the United States, defeating Hillary Clinton.
10 runners-up[show]
Simone Biles
Hillary Clinton
CRISPR scientists
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Nigel Farage
The Flint Whistleblowers
Beyoncé Knowles
Narendra Modi
Vladimir Putin
Mark Zuckerberg
[52]
2017
Silence Breakers !The Silence Breakers
The people who spoke out against sexual abuse and harassment, including the figureheads of the Me Too movement. Represented on the cover by strawberry picker Isabel Pascual (pseudonym), lobbyist Adama Iwu, actress Ashley Judd, software engineer Susan Fowler, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, and a sixth woman, a hospital worker who wished to remain anonymous and whose face cannot be seen. The feature also specifically spotlights, in order, actress Alyssa Milano, activist Tarana Burke, actress Selma Blair, the seven plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the Plaza Hotel, politician Sara Gelser, entrepreneur Lindsay Meyer, dishwasher Sandra Pezqueda, actress Rose McGowan, psychotherapist and writer Wendy Walsh, blogger Lindsey Reynolds, housekeeper Juana Melara, journalist Sandra Muller, actor Terry Crews, University of Rochester professors Celeste Kidd and Jessica Cantlon, journalist Megyn Kelly, journalist Jane Merrick, producer Zelda Perkins, European Parliament member Terry Reintke, charity worker Bex Bailey, art curator Amanda Schmitt, filmmaker Blaise Godbe Lipman, and an anonymous former office assistant. [53][54]
6 runners-up[show]
Donald Trump[b]
Xi Jinping
Robert Mueller
Kim Jong-un
Colin Kaepernick
Patty Jenkins
[56]
See also[edit]
Canadian Newsmaker of the Year (Time), printed in the Canadian issue of Time until 2008
Breakthrough of the Year
Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Elizabeth also acceded to the thrones of Australia, Canada, Ceylon, New Zealand, Pakistan and South Africa
Jump up ^ Trump claimed that had been offered a photoshoot for Person of the Year and turned it down, which Time's editors disputed and denied.[55]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Eliza Gray. "Person of the Year – TIME". TIME.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration (Special Collector's ed.). New York: Time Books. 2002. OCLC 52817840.
Jump up ^ Time (2002), Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration, p. 1.
Jump up ^ The first "Person" of the Year (rather than "Man / Woman " of the Year) was Jeff Bezos of Amazon.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Joan Levenstein. "Mme Chiang Kai-Shek: 1937". Time. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Golden, Frederic (January 3, 2000). "Person of the Century: Albert Einstein". Time. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ Time (2002), Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration, pp. 2, 79.
Jump up ^ "Person of the Year: A Photo History – Notorious Leaders: Controversial Choices". Time. December 16, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ Time (2002), Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration, p. 79.
^ Jump up to: a b Lev Grossman (December 13, 2006). "You — Yes, You — Are TIME's Person of the Year". Time. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Timely "Dumbo": Almost a Cover Boy". Walt Disney Family Museum. May 16, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Michael Moore Defends Cruise, Slags Gibson". Infectious Greed. September 16, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ball, Molly (6 December 2017). "Donald Trump: TIME Person of the Year Runner Up". Time. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mick Foley Cactus Jack Pro Wrestling Legend". Media Man International. 2012.
Jump up ^ Buechner, M (December 21, 1998). "TIME Man of the Year Poll Roils Internet". time.com. TIME Digital. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Chavez wins "Person of the Year" poll ... Time magazine ignores result". Hands Off Venezuela. December 18, 2006. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Stacey Leasca (December 19, 2012). "Time's 'Person of the Year' is Barack Obama". Global Post. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Original Time article
Jump up ^ American Experience. "General Article: Presidential Politics". pbs.org.
Jump up ^ Susan Rosegrant (April 18, 2012). University of Michigan, ed. "ISR and the Truman/Dewey upset". isr.umich.edu. Archived from the original on April 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ben Cosgrove (October 21, 2012). "BEHIND THE PICTURE: 'DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN'". TIME Magazine.
Jump up ^ "Harlow H. Curtice is dead at 69". The New York Times. November 4, 1962. Retrieved October 6, 2009. (fee for article)
Jump up ^ Larsen, Roy (January 5, 1970). "A Letter From The Publisher". Time.
Jump up ^ "Willy Brandt", Time Magazine, January 4, 1971, online archive. Retrieved July 11, 2007.
Jump up ^ Jennings Parrott (December 30, 1985). "Time Picks China's Deng Xiaoping as Man of the Year". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ NBC News Staff (December 17, 2006). "Time magazine's 'Person of the Year' is ... You". TIME.
Jump up ^ "Person of the Year 2007". Time. 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 19, 2007). "Complete List - Person of the Year 2007". TIME.
Jump up ^ Von Drehle, David (December 17, 2008). "Person of the Year 2008". Time. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 17, 2008). "Person of the Year 2008". TIME.
Jump up ^ Grunwald, Michael (December 16, 2009). "Person of the Year 2009". Time. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 16, 2009). "Person of the Year 2009". TIME.
Jump up ^ Grossman, Lev (December 15, 2010). "Person of the Year 2010". Time. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 15, 2010). "Complete List - Person of the Year 2010". TIME.
Jump up ^ Grunwald, Michael (December 14, 2011). "Person of the Year 2011". Time. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 14, 2011). "Complete List - Person of the Year 2011". TIME.
Jump up ^ "Person of the Year 2012". Time. December 19, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 18, 2012). "The TIME Person of the Year short list revealed". TODAY.
Jump up ^ "Pope Francis, The People's Pope". Time. December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ TIME Staff (December 9, 2013). "The Top Ten Finalists for Person of the Year in 2013". TIME.
Jump up ^ "The Choice". Time. December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Eliott C. McLaughlin, CNN (December 10, 2014). "Ebola fighters are Time's 'Person of the Year'". CNN. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ The Sydney Morning Herald http://www.smh.com.au/content/dam/images/1/2/4/l/j/j/image.related.articleLeadNarrow.300x0.124l0d.png/1418243285880.jpg. Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "TIME Person of the Year 2014: Ebola Fighters". TIME.com. December 10, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Daily News. New York http://assets.nydailynews.com/polopoly_fs/1.2040224!/img/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/article_970/article-time2-1210.jpg. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Image: 1D274907403248-ella.blocks_desktop_large.jpg, (730 × 974 px)". media2.s-nbcnews.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Image: 1D274907403249-foday.blocks_desktop_large.jpg, (730 × 974 px)". media2.s-nbcnews.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Image: 1D274907403247-salome.blocks_desktop_large.jpg, (730 × 974 px)". media4.s-nbcnews.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Laura Stampler (December 8, 2014). "TIME Unveils Finalists for 2014 Person of the Year". TIME.
Jump up ^ Nancy Gibbs (December 9, 2015). "The Choice: Why Angela Merkel is TIME's Person of the Year 2015". TIME.
Jump up ^ Sarah Begley (December 7, 2015). "TIME Announces Shortlist for 2015 Person of the Year". TIME.
Jump up ^ Katie Reilly (December 5, 2016). "TIME Announces 2016 Person of the Year Shortlist on Today Show". TIME.
Jump up ^ Zacharek, Stephanie; Dockterman, Eliana; Edwards, Haley Sweetland. "TIME Person of the Year 2017: The Silence Breakers". Time. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ TIME Person of the Year 2017: The Silence Breakers, POY video posted by TIME to YouTube on Dec 6, 2017
Jump up ^ Borchers, Callum (6 December 2017). "Time's Person of the Year isn't Trump. It's basically the opposite of Trump". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "TIME Announces 2017 Person of the Year Shortlist on Today Show". Time. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Time magazine Persons of the Year.
"Time's Person of the Year 1927–2011". Time. 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
[hide]
v
t
e
Time Persons of the Year
1927–1950
Charles Lindbergh (1927)
Walter Chrysler (1928)
Owen D. Young (1929)
Mohandas Gandhi (1930)
Pierre Laval (1931)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932)
Hugh S. Johnson (1933)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934)
Haile Selassie (1935)
Wallis Simpson (1936)
Chiang Kai-shek / Soong Mei-ling (1937)
Adolf Hitler (1938)
Joseph Stalin (1939)
Winston Churchill (1940)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941)
Joseph Stalin (1942)
George Marshall (1943)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944)
Harry S. Truman (1945)
James F. Byrnes (1946)
George Marshall (1947)
Harry S. Truman (1948)
Winston Churchill (1949)
The American Fighting-Man (1950)
1951–1975
Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951)
Elizabeth II (1952)
Konrad Adenauer (1953)
John Foster Dulles (1954)
Harlow Curtice (1955)
Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956)
Nikita Khrushchev (1957)
Charles de Gaulle (1958)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959)
U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960)
John F. Kennedy (1961)
Pope John XXIII (1962)
Martin Luther King Jr. (1963)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1964)
William Westmoreland (1965)
The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1967)
The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968)
The Middle Americans (1969)
Willy Brandt (1970)
Richard Nixon (1971)
Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972)
John Sirica (1973)
King Faisal (1974)
American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975)
1976–2000
Jimmy Carter (1976)
Anwar Sadat (1977)
Deng Xiaoping (1978)
Ayatollah Khomeini (1979)
Ronald Reagan (1980)
Lech Wałęsa (1981)
The Computer (1982)
Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983)
Peter Ueberroth (1984)
Deng Xiaoping (1985)
Corazon Aquino (1986)
Mikhail Gorbachev (1987)
The Endangered Earth (1988)
Mikhail Gorbachev (1989)
George H. W. Bush (1990)
Ted Turner (1991)
Bill Clinton (1992)
The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993)
Pope John Paul II (1994)
Newt Gingrich (1995)
David Ho (1996)
Andrew Grove (1997)
Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998)
Jeffrey P. Bezos (1999)
George W. Bush (2000)
2001–present
Rudolph Giuliani (2001)
The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002)
The American Soldier (2003)
George W. Bush (2004)
The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005)
You (2006)
Vladimir Putin (2007)
Barack Obama (2008)
Ben Bernanke (2009)
Mark Zuckerberg (2010)
The Protester (2011)
Barack Obama (2012)
Pope Francis (2013)
Ebola Fighters: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah (2014)
Angela Merkel (2015)
Donald Trump (2016)
The Silence Breakers (2017)
Book
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Love at First Sting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Love at First Sting
Cover photo by Helmut Newton
Studio album by Scorpions
Released
27 March 1984 (1984-03-27)
Recorded
1983–1984
Studio
Dierks Studios, Stommeln, West Germany
Genre
Hard rock, heavy metal
Length
40:55
Label
Harvest/EMI (Europe)
Mercury (US)
Producer
Dieter Dierks
Scorpions chronology
Blackout
(1982)Blackout1982 Love at First Sting
(1984) Savage Amusement
(1988)Savage Amusement1988
Singles from Love at First Sting
"Rock You Like a Hurricane" / "Coming Home"
Released: February 1984
"Still Loving You"
Released: March 1984
"Big City Nights" / "Bad Boys Running Wild"
Released: August 1984
"Still Loving You" / "Holiday"
Released: November 1984
Alternate "clean" cover
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [1]
Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal 7/10[2]
Forces Parallèles [3]
Rock Hard 7.5/10[4]
Rolling Stone [5]
Love at First Sting is the ninth studio album by German hard rock band Scorpions. It was released on 27 March 1984 on Harvest/EMI in Europe and Mercury in the US. The album contains "Rock You Like a Hurricane", "Still Loving You", and "Big City Nights", three of the band's most famous songs.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and recording
2 Artwork
3 Track listing
4 Personnel[15]
5 Charts
5.1 Album
5.2 Singles
6 Certifications
7 References
8 External links
Background and recording[edit]
The album was recorded in 1983 and 1984 at Dierks Studios in Stommeln, West Germany. Initial sessions took place in Stockholm's Polar Studios in the Summer of 1983 with ex-Rainbow members Jimmy Bain on bass and Bobby Rondinelli on drums, but nothing made it to the final album.[6] Love at First Sting is notable in that it was one of the first digitally recorded hard rock records ever released.
It became the group's most successful album in the US, where it peaked at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1984,[7] and went double-platinum by the end of the year, reaching triple-platinum status in 1995.[8] The song "Rock You Like a Hurricane" reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the same year,[7] "Still Loving You" reached number 64 on the same chart,[7] number 14 in Germany,[9] number 3 in the French[10] and Swiss[11] single charts.
Artwork[edit]
The original cover art was created by Kochlowski, which is a German graphic design company, and features a photo shot by renowned German photographer Helmut Newton. Despite the record company having shown the original cover art to retailers without any concerns, a complaint by Wal-Mart in the US after the album was released resulted in PolyGram Records issuing a "clean" cover for use in several department store chains. The alternative cover was designed to be less controversial by simply showing a photo of the band members, which was the same photo as the one on the inner sleeve.[12][13][14]
Track listing[edit]
All lyrics written by Klaus Meine except where noted; all music composed by Rudolf Schenker.
Side one
No.
Title
Length
1. "Bad Boys Running Wild" (lyrics by Meine, Herman Rarebell) 3:54
2. "Rock You Like a Hurricane" (lyrics by Meine, Rarebell) 4:11
3. "I'm Leaving You" 4:16
4. "Coming Home" 4:58
5. "The Same Thrill" 3:30
Side two
No.
Title
Length
6. "Big City Nights" 4:08
7. "As Soon as the Good Times Roll" 5:01
8. "Crossfire" 4:31
9. "Still Loving You" 6:26
2015 Bonus Tracks (50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition)
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Length
10. "Coming Home" (Demo Version) Meine Schenker 3:17
11. "Living At Night" (Demo Song) Meine Schenker 4:14
12. "First Sting Jam" (Demo) Matthias Jabs, Schenker 1:25
13. "Anytime (You Want It)" (Demo Song) Meine Schenker 5:16
14. "Still Loving You" (Demo Version) Meine Schenker 5:46
Personnel[15][edit]
Scorpions
Klaus Meine – lead and backing vocals
Matthias Jabs – lead and rhythm guitars
Rudolf Schenker – rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals
Francis Buchholz – bass
Bobby Rondinelli – drums, percussion (uncredited)
Production
Dieter Dierks - producer, mixing
Gerd Rautenbach - engineer, mastering
Kochlowski/Missmahl/Pieczulski - cover design
Charts[edit]
Album[edit]
Year
Chart
Position
1984 French Albums Chart[16] 4
German Albums Chart[17] 6
Billboard 200 (US)[7] 6
Swiss Albums Top 100[18] 9
RPM100 Albums (Canada)[19] 15
UK Albums Chart[20] 17
Swedish Albums Chart[21] 17
Austrian Top 40 Albums[22] 19
New Zealand Albums Chart[23] 48
Singles[edit]
Year
Title
Chart
Position
1984 "Rock You Like a Hurricane" Billboard Hot 100 (US)[7] 25
RPM50 Singles (Canada)[24] 37
UK Singles Chart[20] 78
1987 Dutch MegaCharts[25] 47
1984 "Still Loving You" Swiss Singles Top 75[11] 3
French Singles Chart[10] 3
German Singles Chart[9] 14
Billboard Hot 100 (US)[7] 64
1987 Ultratop 50 Belgian Chart (Flanders)[26] 3
Dutch MegaCharts[27] 5
1984 "Big City Nights" UK Singles Chart[20] 76
Certifications[edit]
Country Organization Year Sales
USA RIAA 1995 3xPlatinum (+ 3,000,000)[8]
Canada CRIA 1988 2xPlatinum (+ 200,000)[28]
Germany BVMI 1985 Gold (+ 250,000)[29]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Weber, Barry. "Scorpions Love at First Sting review". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Popoff, Martin (1 November 2005). The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal: Volume 2: The Eighties. Burlington, Ontario, Canada: Collector's Guide Publishing. p. 319. ISBN 978-1894959315.
Jump up ^ Gaguet, Guillaume. "Scorpion Love At First Sting review". Forces Parallèles. Forces Parallèles. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Lerch, Uwe (1984). "Review Album: Scorpions - Love at First Sting". Rock Hard (in German). No. 5. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Loder, Kurt (26 April 1984). "Album Reviews: Scorpions - Love at First Sting". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "SCORPIONS Guitarist Doesn't Rule Out Recording New Album With MICHAEL SCHENKER, ULI JON ROTH". BLABBERMOUTH.NET. 2005-08-30. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Love at First Sting Billboard Albums". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 25 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "RIAA Searchable Database: search for Scorpions". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Single – Scorpions, Still Loving You". Charts.de (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scorpions – Still Loving You (Chanson)". Lescharts.com. Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scorpions – Still Loving You". Hitparade.ch (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Jeffrey Easton. "Metal Exiles interview with Klaus Meine'". metalexiles.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Nuzum, Eric (2001). Parental Advisory: Music Censorship in America. New York City, New York: HarperCollins. pp. 78, 245. ISBN 978-0688167721.
Jump up ^ Nuzum, Eric. "1980's Censorship Incidents". Archived from the original on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Love At First Sting". Scorpions. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Le Détail des Albums de chaque Artist: search for Scorpions". Infodisc.fr. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Album – Scorpions, Love at First Sting". Charts.de (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions – Love at First Sting". Hitparade.ch (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 40, No. 15, June 16, 1984". Library and Archives Canada. 16 June 1984. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Scorpions Official Charts". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions – Love at First Sting (album)". Swedishcharts.com. Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions – Love at First Sting (album)". Austriancharts.at (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions – Love at first Sting (album)". Charts.org.nz. Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 40, No. 18, July 07 1984". Library and Archives Canada. 7 July 1984. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions - Rock You Like a Hurricane (Nummer)". GfK Dutch Charts (in Dutch). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions – Still Loving You". Ultratop (in Dutch). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scorpions – Still Loving You (Nummer)". GfK Dutch Charts (in Dutch). Media Control Charts. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gold Platinum Search for Scorpions". Music Canada. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Scorpions)" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
External links[edit]
Official website
hide
v
t
e
Scorpions
Rudolf Schenker
Klaus Meine
Matthias Jabs
Paweł Mąciwoda
Mikkey Dee
James Kottak
Herman Rarebell
Francis Buchholz
Uli Jon Roth
Michael Schenker
Jürgen Rosenthal
Wolfgang Dziony
Barry Sparks
Studio albums
Lonesome Crow
Fly to the Rainbow
In Trance
Virgin Killer
Taken by Force
Lovedrive
Animal Magnetism
Blackout
Love at First Sting
Savage Amusement
Crazy World
Face the Heat
Pure Instinct
Eye II Eye
Unbreakable
Humanity: Hour I
Sting in the Tail
Return to Forever
Live albums
Tokyo Tapes
World Wide Live
Live Bites
Acoustica
Cover albums
Moment of Glory
Comeblack
Compilations
Best of Scorpions
Best of Scorpions Vol. 2
Best of Rockers 'n' Ballads
Still Loving You
Deadly Sting: The Mercury Years
Big City Nights
Classic Bites
Bad for Good: The Very Best of Scorpions
Box of Scorpions
Gold
Born to Touch Your Feelings: Best of Rock Ballads
Songs
"The Zoo"
"No One Like You"
"Can't Live Without You"
"Rock You Like a Hurricane"
"Still Loving You"
"Big City Nights"
"Rhythm of Love"
"Passion Rules the Game"
"I Can't Explain"
"Wind of Change"
"Send Me an Angel"
"Humanity"
"Raised on Rock"
Videos
World Wide Live
Crazy World Tour Live... Berlin 1991
Moment of Glory
Acoustica
Live at Wacken Open Air 2006
Tours
Blackout Tour
Love at First Sting World Tour
Eye to Eye Tour
Scorpions Tour 2002
Scorpions Tour 2003
Unbreakable World Tour
Humanity World Tour
Get Your Sting and Blackout World Tour
50th Anniversary World Tour
Crazy World Tour
Related articles
Discography
Members
The Wall – Live in Berlin
Book
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text:
Symbol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Symbology" redirects here. For other uses, see Symbology (disambiguation) and Symbol (disambiguation).
A red octagon symbolizes "stop" even without the word.
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different concepts and experiences. All communication (and data processing) is achieved through the use of symbols. Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, ideas or visual images and are used to convey other ideas and beliefs. For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for "STOP". On a map, a blue line might represent a river. Numerals are symbols for numbers. Alphabetic letters may be symbols for sounds. Personal names are symbols representing individuals. A red rose may symbolize love and compassion. The variable 'x', in a mathematical equation, may symbolize the position of a particle in space.
In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Definitions
3 Symbols and semiotics
4 Psychoanalysis, rhetoric and archetypes
5 Paul Tillich
6 Role of context in symbolism
6.1 Historical meaning
6.2 Context
7 Symbolic action
8 See also
9 Notes
10 External links
Etymology[edit]
The word derives from the Greek symbolon (σύμβολον) meaning token or watchword. It is an amalgam of syn- "together" + bole "a throwing, a casting, the stroke of a missile, bolt, beam." The sense evolution in Greek is from "throwing things together" to "contrasting" to "comparing" to "token used in comparisons to determine if something is genuine." Hence, "outward sign" of something. The meaning "something which stands for something else" was first recorded in 1590, in Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene.[1]
Definitions[edit]
In considering the effect of a symbol on the psyche, in his seminal essay The Symbol without Meaning Joseph Campbell proposes the following definition: A symbol is an energy evoking, and directing, agent.[2]
Later, expanding on what he means by this definition Campbell says:
"a symbol, like everything else, shows a double aspect. We must distinguish, therefore between the 'sense' and the 'meaning' of the symbol. It seems to me perfectly clear that all the great and little symbolical systems of the past functioned simultaneously on three levels: the corporeal of waking consciousness, the spiritual of dream, and the ineffable of the absolutely unknowable. The term 'meaning' can refer only to the first two but these, today, are in the charge of science – which is the province as we have said, not of symbols but of signs. The ineffable, the absolutely unknowable, can be only sensed. It is the province of art which is not 'expression' merely, or even primarily, but a quest for, and formulation of, experience evoking, energy-waking images: yielding what Sir Herbert Read has aptly termed a 'sensuous apprehension of being'.[3]
Jared Elisha defined symbolism that is something that stands for another, it can be place, object, or a person
Heinrich Zimmer gives a concise overview of the nature, and perennial relevance, of symbols.
"Concepts and words are symbols, just as visions, rituals, and images are; so too are the manners and customs of daily life. Through all of these a transcendent reality is mirrored. There are so many metaphors reflecting and implying something which, though thus variously expressed, is ineffable, though thus rendered multiform, remains inscrutable. Symbols hold the mind to truth but are not themselves the truth, hence it is delusory to borrow them. Each civilisation, every age, must bring forth its own."[4]
In the book Signs and Symbols, it is stated that A symbol ... is a visual image or sign representing an idea -- a deeper indicator of a universal truth.[5]
Symbols are a means of complex communication that often can have multiple levels of meaning.[6] This separates symbols from signs, as signs have only one meaning.
Human cultures use symbols to express specific ideologies and social structures and to represent aspects of their specific culture. Thus, symbols carry meanings that depend upon one’s cultural background; in other words, the meaning of a symbol is not inherent in the symbol itself but is culturally learned.[6]
Symbols are the basis of all human understanding and serve as vehicles of conception for all human knowledge.[7] Symbols facilitate understanding of the world in which we live, thus serving as the grounds upon which we make judgments.[8] In this way, people use symbols not only to make sense of the world around them, but also to identify and cooperate in society through constitutive rhetoric.
Symbols and semiotics[edit]
Semiotics is the study of signs, symbols, and signification as communicative behavior. Semiotics studies focus on the relationship of the signifier and the signified, also taking into account interpretation of visual cues, body language, sound, and other contextual clues. Semiotics is linked with both linguistics and psychology. Semioticians thus not only study what a symbol implies, but also how it got its meaning and how it functions to make meaning in society. Symbols allow the human brain continuously to create meaning using sensory input and decode symbols through both denotation and connotation.
Psychoanalysis, rhetoric and archetypes[edit]
Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung, who studied archetypes, proposed an alternative definition of symbol, distinguishing it from the term sign. In Jung's view, a sign stands for something known, as a word stands for its referent. He contrasted this with symbol, which he used to stand for something that is unknown and that cannot be made clear or precise. An example of a symbol in this sense is Christ as a symbol of the archetype called self.[9] For example, written languages are composed of a variety of different symbols that create words, p. . Through these written words humans communicate with each other. Kenneth Burke described Homo sapiens as a "symbol-using, symbol making, and symbol misusing animal" to suggest that a person creates symbols as well as misuses them. One example he uses to indicate what he means by the misuse of symbol is the story of a man who, when told that a particular food item was whale blubber, could barely keep from throwing it up. Later, his friend discovered it was actually just a dumpling. But the man's reaction was a direct consequence of the symbol of "blubber" representing something inedible in his mind. In addition, the symbol of "blubber" was created by the man through various kinds of learning.
Burke goes on to describe symbols as also being derived from Sigmund Freud's work on condensation and displacement, further stating that symbols are not just relevant to the theory of dreams but also to "normal symbol systems". He says they[clarification needed] are related through "substitution", where one word, phrase, or symbol is substituted for another in order to change the meaning[clarification needed]. In other words, if one person does not understand a certain word or phrase, another person may substitute a synonym or symbol in order to get the meaning across. However, upon learning the new way of interpreting a specific symbol, the person may change his or her already-formed ideas to incorporate the new information[clarification needed].
Jean Dalby Clift says that people not only add their own interpretations to symbols, they also create personal symbols that represent their own understanding of their lives: what she calls "core images" of the person. She argues that symbolic work with these personal symbols or core images can be as useful as working with dream symbols in psychoanalysis or counseling.[10]
William Indick suggests that the symbols that are commonly found in myth, legend, and fantasy fulfil psychological functions and hence are why archetypes such as "the hero," "the princess" and "the witch" have remained popular for centuries.[11]
Paul Tillich[edit]
Paul Tillich argued that, while signs are invented and forgotten, symbols are born and die.[12] There are, therefore, dead and living symbols. A living symbol can reveal to an individual hidden levels of meaning and transcendent or religious realities. For Tillich a symbol always "points beyond itself" to something that is unquantifiable and mysterious; symbols open up the "depth dimension of reality itself".[13] Symbols are complex, and their meanings can evolve as the individual or culture evolves. When a symbol loses its meaning and power for an individual or culture, it becomes a dead symbol. When a symbol becomes identified with the deeper reality to which it refers, it becomes idolatrous as the "symbol is taken for reality." The symbol itself is substituted for the deeper meaning it intends to convey. The unique nature of a symbol is that it gives access to deeper layers of reality which are otherwise inaccessible.[14]
Role of context in symbolism[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A symbol's meaning may be modified by various factors including popular usage, history, and contextual intent.
Historical meaning[edit]
This history of a symbol is one of many factors in determining a particular symbol's apparent meaning. Consequently, symbols with emotive power carry problems analogous to false etymologies.
Context[edit]
The context of a symbol may change its meaning. Similar five-pointed stars might signify a law enforcement officer or a member of the armed services, depending upon the uniform.
Symbolic action[edit]
Wearing a red ribbon is a symbolic action that communicates support for AIDS awareness and people with HIV.
A symbolic action is an action that has no, or little, practical effect but symbolizes, or signals, what the actor wants or believes. The action conveys meaning to the viewers.
Symbolic action may overlap with symbolic speech, such as the use of flag burning to express hostility or saluting the flag to express patriotism.[15]
In response to intense public criticism, businesses, organizations, and governments may take symbolic actions rather than, or in addition to, directly addressing the identified problems.[16]
Symbolic actions are sometimes derided as slacktivism.
See also[edit]
Alchemical symbol
Astrological symbols
Astronomical symbols
Emblem
Icon (religious) and secular icon
List of symbols
Logo
National symbol
Proto-writing
Symbolic interactionism
Table of mathematical symbols
Unicode symbols
Symbolism (arts)
Traffic signs
National treasure
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Online Etymological Dictionary
Jump up ^ Campbell, Joseph (2002). Flight of the Wild Gander:- The Symbol without Meaning. California: New World Library. p. 143. ISBN 1-57731-210-4.
Jump up ^ Campbell, The Symbol without Meaning p153
Jump up ^ Campbell, Heinrich Zimmer; edited by Joseph (1969). Philosophies of India (9. paperback print. ed.). Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-691-01758-1.
Jump up ^ Dorling Kindersley Limited. Signs and Symbols. p.6. ISBN 978-0-7566-3393-6. 2008
^ Jump up to: a b Womack, Mari. Symbols and Meaning: A Concise Introduction. California: AltaMira Press, 2005.
Jump up ^ Langer, Susanne K. A Theory of Art, Developed From: Philosophy in a New Key. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953.
Jump up ^ Palczewski, Catherine, and Ice, Richard, and Fritch, John. Rhetoric in Civic Life. Pennsylvania: Strata Publishing, Inc., 2012.
Jump up ^ Christ, A symbol of the self CW vol 9i Aion RKP 1958
Jump up ^ Jean Dalby Clift, Core Images of the Self: A Symbolic Approach to Healing and Wholeness. Crossroad, 1992.[page needed]
Jump up ^ Indick, William. Ancient Symbology in Fantasy Literature: A Psychological Study. Jefferson: McFarland &, 2012. Print.
Jump up ^ Tillich, Paul (1964). Theology of Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 0195007115.
Jump up ^ Tillich, Paul (1964). Theology of Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0195007115.
Jump up ^ Tillich, Paul (1964). Theology of Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 0195007115.
Jump up ^ Bagossy, Renate. The Difficulty of the Amendment Process of the Constitution of the United States of America and Freedom of Speech and its limits. GRIN Verlag; 2008-08-11 [cited 5 November 2012]. ISBN 9783640129546. p. 16–17.
Jump up ^ Bednar, Michael Kay. How Symbolic Action Affects the Media as a Governance Mechanism. ProQuest; 2008. ISBN 9780549738817. p. 17.
External links[edit]
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