text:
SMART criteria
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This article is about setting objectives. For other meanings, see Smart.
SMART is a mnemonic acronym, giving criteria to guide in the setting of objectives, for example in project management, employee-performance management and personal development. The letters S and M usually mean specific and measurable. Possibly the most common version has the remaining letters referring to achievable, relevant and time-bound. However, the term's inventor had a slightly different version and the letters have meant different things to different authors, as described below. Additional letters have been added by some authors.
The first-known use of the term occurs in the November 1981 issue of Management Review by George T. Doran.[1] The principal advantage of SMART objectives is that they are easier to understand and to know when they have been done. SMART criteria are commonly associated with Peter Drucker's management by objectives concept.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Current definitions
3 Additional criteria
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
The November 1981 issue of Management Review contained a paper by George T. Doran called There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives.[1][3] It discussed the importance of objectives and the difficulty of setting them.
Ideally speaking, each corporate, department, and section objective should be:
Specific – target a specific area for improvement.
Measurable – quantify or at least suggest an indicator of progress.
Assignable – specify who will do it.
Realistic – state what results can realistically be achieved, given available resources.
Time-related – specify when the result(s) can be achieved.
Notice that these criteria don’t say that all objectives must be quantified on all levels of management. In certain situations it is not realistic to attempt quantification, particularly in staff middle-management positions. Practicing managers and corporations can lose the benefit of a more abstract objective in order to gain quantification. It is the combination of the objective and its action plan that is really important. Therefore serious management should focus on these twins and not just the objective.
—  George T. Doran, There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives[1][3]
Current definitions[edit]
Each letter in SMART refers to a different criterion for judging objectives. Different sources use the letters to refer to different things. Typically accepted criteria are as follows.
Letter
Most common
Alternative
S Specific[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] (Strategic and specific)[15]
M Measurable[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Motivating (Source: One Minute Manager)
A Achievable[4][7][8][10][12][13] Agreed,[6][16] attainable,[11][15] action-oriented,[5] ambitious,[9] aligned with corporate goals,[17] (agreed, attainable and achievable)[14]
R Relevant[4][7][10][12][18] Realistic,[6][8][9][11][13][16] resourced,[18] reasonable,[5] (realistic and resourced),[14] results-based[15]
T Time-bound[4][7][8][9][14][15] Trackable (Source: One Minute Manager), Time-based,[10] time limited,[12] time/cost limited,[6] timely,[5] time-sensitive,[11] timeframe[13], Testable[19]
Choosing certain combinations of these labels can cause duplication, such as selecting 'attainable' and 'realistic', or can cause significant overlapping as in combining 'appropriate' and 'relevant'. The term 'agreed' is often used in management situations where buy-in from stakeholders is desirable (e.g. appraisal situations).
Additional criteria[edit]
Some authors have added additional letters giving additional criteria. Examples are given below.
SMARTER
Evaluated and reviewed[4]
Evaluate consistently and recognize mastery[5]
SMARTTA
Trackable and agreed[13]
SMARRT
Realistic and relevance.[20] 'Realistic' refers to something that can be done given the available resources. 'Relevance' to the bigger picture and vision.
SMART-VT
Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic, Testable, Verifiable, and Traceable
See also[edit]
Management by objectives
Performance indicator
Strategic planning
PDCA
SWOT analysis
Pareto principle
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Doran, G. T. (1981). "There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives". Management Review. AMA FORUM. 70 (11): 35–36.
Jump up ^ Bogue, Robert. "Use S.M.A.R.T. goals to launch management by objectives plan". TechRepublic. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Why SMART objectives don't work.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Yemm, Graham (2013). Essential Guide to Leading Your Team : How to Set Goals, Measure Performance and Reward Talent. Pearson Education. pp. 37–39. ISBN 0273772449. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Piskurich, George M. (2011). Rapid Instructional Design : Learning ID Fast and Right. John Wiley & Sons. p. 132. ISBN 1118046927. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Richman, Larry (2011). Improving Your Project Management Skills. AMACOM Division of American Management Association. p. 65. ISBN 0814417299. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Frey, Bruno S.; Osterloh, Margit (2002). Successful Management by Motivation : Balancing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Incentives. Springer. p. 234. ISBN 3540424016. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lawler, John; Bilson, Andy (2013). Social Work Management and Leadership : Managing Complexity with Creativity. Routledge. pp. 84–85. ISBN 1135247056. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Poister, Theodore H. (2008). Measuring Performance in Public and Nonprofit Organizations. John Wiley & Sons. p. 63. ISBN 047036517X. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ryals, Lynette; McDonald, Malcolm (2012). Key Account Plans : The practitioners' guide to profitable planning. Routledge. p. 268. ISBN 1136390650. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Shahin, Arash; Mahbod, M. Ali (2004). "Prioritization of key performance indicators: An integration of analytical hierarchy process and goal setting". International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Emerald. 56 (3): 226–240. doi:10.1108/17410400710731437. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Siegert, Richard J; Taylor, William J (2004). "Theoretical aspects of goal-setting and motivation in rehabilitation". Disability & Rehabilitation. Informa. 26 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1080/09638280410001644932. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Dwyer, Judith; Hopwood, Nicole (2010). Management Strategies and Skills. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070277670.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "SMART objectives". Investors in People. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e O'Neil, Jan; Conzemius, Anne (2006). The Power of SMART Goals : Using Goals to Improve Student Learning. Solution Tree Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-932127-87-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Mentioned as an alternative in Yemm, Graham (2013)
Jump up ^ Mentioned as an alternative in Piskurich, George M. (2011)
^ Jump up to: a b Mentioned as an alternative in Lawler, John; Bilson, Andy (2013)
Jump up ^ "SMART Requirements Definition and Management". www.esterline.com. Retrieved 2017-05-31. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Atkinson, Marilyn; Chois, Rae T. (2012). Step-by-Step Coaching. Exalon Publishing, LTD. ISBN 978-0978370459.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMART_criteria&oldid=825773769"
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Parable of the Unjust Judge
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Avenge me of mine adversary by Anonymous contracted by Pacific Press Publishing Company(1900)
The Parable of the Unjust Judge (also known as the Parable of the Importunate Widow or the Parable of the Persistent Widow), is one of the parables of Jesus which appears in Luke Luke 18:1-8. In it a judge who lacks compassion is repeatedly approached by a poor widow, seeking justice. Initially rejecting her demands, he eventually honors her request so he will not be worn out by her persistence.
One interpretation of this parable is that it demonstrates the importance of persistence in prayer, never giving up. It is found immediately prior to the parable of the Pharisee and the Publican (also on prayer) and is similar to the Parable of the Friend at Night. Other scholars note that the content of the parable makes no reference to prayer and that the introduction of prayer as a theme is generally inspired by the Lucan construction in verses 6-8 and by the fact that Luke placed the parable of the Pharisee and Publican influentially after this one. Whatever approach is taken, it is noteworthy that the judge in the parable does not act on the basis of justice.
Contents
[hide]
1 Narrative
2 Interpretation
3 See also
4 References
Narrative[edit]
Parable of the Unjust Judge by John Everett Millais (1863)
Luke reports the parable as follows:
Then Jesus told his disciples a parable to show them that they should always pray and not give up. He said: "In a certain town there was a judge who neither feared God nor cared about men. And there was a widow in that town who kept coming to him with the plea, 'Grant me justice against my adversary.'

"For some time he refused. But finally he said to himself, 'Even though I do not fear God or care about men, yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will see that she gets justice, so that she will not eventually wear me out with her coming!'"

And the Lord said, "Listen to what the unjust judge says. And will not God bring about justice for his chosen ones, who cry out to him day and night? Will he keep putting them off? I tell you, he will see that they get justice, and quickly. However, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?"
—  Luke 18:1-8, New International Version
Interpretation[edit]
The framing material of the parable demonstrates the need to always pray like that persistent widow, for if even an unjust judge will eventually listen, God is much quicker to do so.[1] The parable of the Friend at Night has a similar meaning.[2]
Joel B. Green sees in this parable an injunction not to lose heart, in the light of the eschatological tone of Luke 17:20-37,[1] and also an echo of Sirach 35:[1] "For he is a God of justice, who knows no favorites. ... The prayer of the lowly pierces the clouds; it does not rest till it reaches its goal, nor will it withdraw till the Most High responds, judges justly and affirms the right.[3]
William Barclay says that the point of the parable is less about persistent prayer, but rather the contrast between God and men in the phrase "how much more". In prayer one is speaking to a Father ready to give.[4]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parable of the Unjust Judge.
See also[edit]
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Ministry of Jesus
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Joel B. Green, The Gospel of Luke, Eerdmans, 1997, ISBN 0-8028-2315-7, pp. 636-643.
Jump up ^ Craig L. Blomberg, Interpreting the Parables, InterVarsity Press, 1990, ISBN 0-8308-1271-7, p. 275.
Jump up ^ Sirach 35:12-18, New American Bible.
Jump up ^ Barclay, William. The Parables of Jesus, Westminster John Knox Press, 1999 ISBN 9780664258283
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United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Housing and Urban Development" redirects here. For the area of study, see Urban planning.
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
Seal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Flag of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

Robert C. Weaver Federal Building, Department Headquarters
Agency overview
Formed
September 9, 1965; 52 years ago (1965-09-09)
Preceding agency
Housing and Home & Finance Agency
Jurisdiction
Federal government of the United States
Headquarters
Robert C. Weaver Federal Building, 451 7th Street SW, Washington, D.C.
38°53′2.17″N 77°1′21.03″W / 38.8839361°N 77.0225083°W / 38.8839361; -77.0225083Coordinates: 38°53′2.17″N 77°1′21.03″W / 38.8839361°N 77.0225083°W / 38.8839361; -77.0225083
Employees
8,416 (2014)
Annual budget
$32.6 Billion (2014)
Agency executives
Ben Carson, Secretary
Pam Patenaude, Deputy Secretary
Website
hud.gov
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government. Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Agencies
2.1 Agencies
2.2 Offices
2.3 Corporation
3 Organizational structure
3.1 Major programs
3.2 Office of Inspector General
3.3 Budget and staffing
4 Operations
5 Criticisms
6 Related legislation
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
The department was established on September 9, 1965, when Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act[1] into law. It stipulated that the department was to be created no later than November 8, sixty days following the date of enactment. The actual implementation was postponed until January 13, 1966, following the completion of a special study group report on the federal role in solving urban problems.
HUD is administered by the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Its headquarters is located in the Robert C. Weaver Federal Building. Some important milestones for HUD's development include:[2]
June 27, 1934 – The National Housing Act creates the Federal Housing Administration, which helps provide mortgage insurance on loans made by FHA-approved lenders.[3]
September 1, 1937 – Housing Act of 1937 creates the United States Housing Authority, which helps enact slum-clearance projects and construction of low-rent housing.
February 3, 1938 – The National Housing Act Amendments of 1938 is signed into law.[4] The law creates the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), which provides a secondary market to the Federal Housing Administration.[5]
February 24, 1942 – Executive Order 9070, Establishing the National Housing Agency. The Federal Housing Administration, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, The Home Owners' Loan Corporation, The United States Housing Authority, defense housing under the Federal Works Agency, the War Department, the Navy Department, the Farm Security Administration, the Defense Homes Corporation, the Federal Loan Administration, and the Division of Defense Housing Coordination were consolidated. The National Housing Agency would be made up of three units, each with its own commissioner. The units were the Federal Housing Administration, the Federal Home Loan Bank Administration, and the United States Housing Authority.[6]
July 27, 1947 – The Housing and Home Finance Agency is established through Reorganization Plan Number 3.
July 15, 1949 – The Housing Act of 1949 is enacted to help eradicate slums and promote community development and redevelopment programs.
August 2, 1954 – The Housing Act of 1954 establishes comprehensive planning assistance.
September 23, 1959 – The Housing Act of 1959 allows funds for elderly housing.
September 2, 1964 – The Housing Act of 1964 allows rehabilitation loans for homeowners.
August 10, 1965 – The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 instituted several major expansions in federal housing programs.
September 1965 – HUD is created as a cabinet-level agency by the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act.
April 1968 – The Fair Housing Act is passed to ban discrimination in housing.
During 1968 – The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 establishes the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae).
August 1969 – The Brooke Amendment establishes that low income families only pay no more than 25 percent of their income for rent.
August 1974 – Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 allows community development block grants and help for urban homesteading.
October 1977 – The Housing and Community Act of 1977 sets up Urban Development Grants and continues elderly and handicapped assistance.
July 1987 – The Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act gives help to communities to deal with homelessness. It includes the creation of the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness of which HUD is a member.
February 1988 – The Housing and Community Development Act provides for the sale of public housing to resident management corporations.
October 1992 – The HOPE VI program starts to revitalize public housing and how it works.
October 1992 – The Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 codifies within its language the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 that creates the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, and mandates HUD to set goals for lower income and underserved housing areas for the GSEs Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
1992 – Federal Housing Enterprises' Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 creates HUD Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight to provide public oversight of FNMA and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac).
1993 – Henry G. Cisneros is named Secretary of HUD by President William J. Clinton, January 22. Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community program becomes law as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993.
1995 – "Blueprint for Reinvention of HUD" proposes sweeping changes in public housing reform and FHA, consolidation of other programs into three block grants.
1996 – Homeownership totals 66.3 million American households, the largest number ever.
1997 – Andrew M. Cuomo is named by President Clinton to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the first appointment ever from within the Department.
1998 – HUD opens Enforcement Center to take action against HUD-assisted multifamily property owners and other HUD fund recipients who violate laws and regulations. Congress approves Public Housing reforms to reduce segregation by race and income, encourage and reward work, bring more working families into public housing, and increase the availability of subsidized housing for very poor families.
2000 – America's homeownership rate reaches a new record-high of 67.7 percent in the third quarter of 2000. A total of 71.6 million American families own their homes - more than at any time in American history.
2001 – Mel Martinez, named by President George W. Bush to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, is unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on January 23, 2001.
2004 – Alphonso Jackson, named by President George W. Bush to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, is unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 31, 2004. Mr. Jackson is the first Deputy Secretary to subsequently be named Secretary.
2007 – HUD initiates program providing seller concessions to buyers of HUD homes, allowing them to use a down payment of $100.
2013 – HUD announces it will "close its offices on May 24 and possibly six other days" as a result of the budget sequestration in 2013.[7]
Agencies[edit]
Agencies[edit]
Federal Housing Administration
Federal Housing Finance Agency
Offices[edit]
Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (HUD)[8]
Departmental Enforcement Center[9]
Office of Community Planning and Development
Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations[10]
Office of Equal Employment Opportunity[1]
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
Office of Field Policy and Management[11]
Office of the General Counsel[12]
Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control[13]
Office of Hearings and Appeals[14]
Office of Labor Relations[15]
Office of Policy Development and Research[16]
Office of Public Affairs[17]
Office of Public and Indian Housing
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization[18]
Office of Sustainable Housing and Communities[19]
Corporation[edit]
Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)
Organizational structure[edit]
Major programs[edit]
The major program offices are:
Community Planning and Development: Many major affordable housing and homelessness programs are administered under Community Planning and Development. These include the Community Development Block Grants (CDBG), the HOME program, Shelter Plus Care, Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG), Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab SRO), and Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA).
Housing: This office is responsible for the Federal Housing Administration; mission regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; regulation of manufactured housing; administration of multifamily housing programs, including Supportive Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) and Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811); and Healthcare facility loan insurance.
Public and Indian Housing: This office administers the public housing program HOPE VI, the Housing Choice Voucher Program (formerly – yet more popularly – known as Section 8), Project-Based Vouchers,[20] and individual loan programs housing block grants[21] for Indian tribes, Native Hawaiians and Alaskans.
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity: This office enforces Federal laws against discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability and familial status.
Policy Development and Research (PD&R): This office is responsible for maintaining current information on housing needs, market conditions, and existing programs, as well as conducting research on priority housing and community development issues through the HUD USER Clearinghouse.
Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)
Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control.
Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (developed in 1998)
Office of Inspector General[edit]
The United States Congress enacted the Inspector General Act of 1978 to ensure integrity and efficiency in government. The Inspector General is appointed by the President and subject to Senate confirmation. The Inspector General is responsible for conducting and supervising audits, investigations, and inspections relating to the programs and operations of HUD. The OIG is to examine, evaluate and, where necessary, critique these operations and activities, recommending ways for the Department to carry out its responsibilities in the most effective, efficient, and economical manner possible.
The mission of the Office of Inspector General (OIG) is to:[22]
Promote the integrity, efficiency and effectiveness of HUD programs and operations to assist the Department in meeting its mission
Detect and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse
Seek administrative sanctions, civil recoveries and/ or criminal prosecution of those responsible for waste, fraud and abuse in HUD programs and operations
The OIG accomplishes its mission by conducting investigations pertinent to its activities; by keeping Congress, the Secretary, and the public fully informed of its activities, and by working with staff (in this case of HUD) in achieving success of its objectives and goals. David A. Montoya, who was sworn in on December 1, 2011, is the current Inspector General.[23][24]
Budget and staffing[edit]
The Department of Housing and Urban Development was authorized a budget for Fiscal Year 2015 of $48.3 billion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows:[25]
Program
Funding (in billions)
Discretionary Spending
Management and Administration $1.9
Public and Indian Housing $28.7
Community Planning and Development $6.8
Housing Programs $11.7
Offsetting Receipts ($8.3)
Mandatory Spending
Mandatory Programs $7.3
TOTAL $48.3
Operations[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The 203(k) program offers low down payment loans to primary resident owner occupants or nonprofit groups to buy and renovate a house.[citation needed]
One of the most successful HUD programs over the years has been the Multifamily Housing Service Coordinator Program. Each year since 1992, HUD has included in its Notice of Fund Availability (NOFA), a specific allocation of dollars to allow sponsors and owners of HUD multifamily housing for the elderly the opportunity to hire a Service Coordinator. The Service Coordinator provides case management and coordinative services to elderly residents, particularly to those who are "frail" and "at-risk" allowing them to remain in their current residence. As a result, thousands of senior citizens throughout the United States have been given the opportunity to continue to live independently instead of in an institutional facility such as a nursing home. Professional organizations such as the American Association of Service Coordinators provide support to HUD Service Coordinator through education, training, networking and advocacy.[citation needed]
HUD has experimented with Enterprise Zones granting economic incentives to economically depressed urban areas, but this function has largely been taken over by states.[citation needed]
Due to HUD's lending practices, it occasionally takes possession of a home when a lender it insures forecloses. Such properties are then generally sold off to the highest bidder through the HUD auction process. Buyers of HUD homes as their primary residences who make a full-price offer to HUD using FHA-insured mortgage financing receive seller concessions from HUD enabling them to use only a $100 down payment.
Criticisms[edit]
A scandal arose in the 1990s when at least 700 houses were sold for profit by real estate speculators taking the loans; at least 19 were arrested.[26][not in citation given] The scandal devastated the Brooklyn and Harlem housing market and with $70 million in HUD loans going into default.[27] Critics said that HUD's lax oversight of their program allowed the fraud to occur.[28] and in 1997, the HUD Inspector General issued a report saying: "The program design encourages risky property deals, land sale and refinance schemes, overstated property appraisals, and phony or excessive fees."[29] In June 1993, HUD Secretary Henry Cisneros admitted that "HUD has in many cases exacerbated the declining quality of life in America."[30] In 1996, Vice President Al Gore, referring to public housing projects, declared that, "These crime-infested monuments to a failed policy are killing the neighborhoods around them".[citation needed]
HUD Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing Roberta Achtenberg has been quoted as saying "...HUD walks a tightrope between free speech and fair housing. We are ever mindful of the need to maintain the proper balance between these rights." Libertarian critic James Bovard commented that, "The more aggressive HUD becomes, the fewer free speech rights Americans have. Many words and phrases are now effectively forbidden in real estate ads. ... Apparently, there are two separate versions of the Bill of Rights -- one for private citizens and the other for federal bureaucrats and politicians".[31]
In 2006, The Village Voice called HUD "New York City's worst landlord" and "the #1 worst in the United States" based upon decrepit conditions of buildings and questionable eviction practices.[29]
In September 2010, HUD started auctioning off delinquent home mortgage loans, defined as at least 90 days past due, to the highest bidder. It sold 2,000 loans in six national auctions. In 2012, this sale was massively increased under a "Distressed Asset Stabilization Program" (DASP), and the 100,000 loans sold as of 2014 have netted 8.8 billion for the FHA, rebuilding cash reserves that had been depleted by loan defaults. The second stated and eponymous objective is to stabilize communities, by requiring purchasers to service the loans in a manner that stabilizes the surrounding communities by getting the loans to re-perform, renting the home to the borrower, gifting the property to a land bank or paying off the loans in full.[32] An audit published August 2014 found "only about 11 percent of the loans sold through DASP [were] considered 're-performing'".[32] "Rather than defaulting— [FHA] keeps many of the properties they’re tied to from going through the typical foreclosure process. As a result, the FHA might actually be diverting housing stock from first-time homebuyers, the very group it was formed to serve..."[32]
Related legislation[edit]
1944 – Servicemen's Readjustment Act, Pub.L. 78–346
1949 – Housing Act, Pub.L. 81–171
1950 – Housing Act, Pub.L. 81–475
1951 – Defense Housing Act, Pub.L. 82–139
1952 – 550 Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act, Pub.L. 82–325
1954 – Housing Act, Pub.L. 83–560
1959 – Housing Act, Pub.L. 86–372
1962 – Senior Citizens Housing Act, Pub.L. 87–723
1965 – Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, Pub.L. 89–117
1965 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub.L. 89–174
1968 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub.L. 90–448
1974 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub.L. 93-383
1976 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub.L. 94-375
1986 – Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99-514
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
1987 – Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, Pub.L. 100–242
1987 – Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Pub.L. 100–77
1989 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989, Pub.L. 101–235
1990 – Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, Pub.L. 101–625
1992 – Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, Pub.L. 102–550
Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, U.S. Code: Title 12, Chapter 46
2009 – American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, abbreviated ARRA, Pub.L. 111–5
Repairing and modernizing public housing, including increasing the energy efficiency of units, $4 billion to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
See also[edit]
Government of the United States portal
Affirmatively furthering fair housing
Mortgage Discrimination
Moving to Opportunity
Regulatory Barriers Clearinghouse
Title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations
Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations
Data.gov
USAFacts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pub.L. 89–174
Jump up ^ Basic Congressional and Presidential Actions Establishing Major HUD-related Programs. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Jump up ^ The Federal Housing Administration (FHA). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Jump up ^ "§ 1701a. — Short title of amendment of 1938. - US § 1701a. — Short title of amendment of 1938. - US Code :: Justia". law.justia.com. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
Jump up ^ "HUD Interactive Timeline". www.huduser.org.
Jump up ^ "Executive Order 9070 Establishing the National Housing Agency". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Reckard, Scott (2013-05-17). "HUD to shut down offices as a result of sequester". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Center for Faith Based and Neighborhood Partnerships/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Departmental Enforcement Center/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Congressional / Intergovernmental Relations/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Field Policy / Management/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "General Counsel/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Office of Hearings and Appeals/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "null". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "HUDUser.gov - HUD USER". www.huduser.org.
Jump up ^ "Public Affairs/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Small / Disadvantaged Business Utilization/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "null". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Project Based Vouchers - HUD". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "Section 184 Indian Home Loan Guarantee Program - HUD". portal.hud.gov.
Jump up ^ "OIG Mission Statement" HUD Office of the Inspector General
Jump up ^ "OIG Key Principal Staff" HUD Office of the Inspector General
Jump up ^ "OIG Senior Staff Bios - David A. Montoya Inspector General" HUD Office of the Inspector General
Jump up ^ 2016 Department of Housing and Urban Development Congressional Justification, pg 1-2, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Accessed 2015-06-19
Jump up ^ Pristin, Terry (2001-05-11). "HUD Scraps Cuomo Remedy for Harlem Housing Scandal". New York Times. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "HUD: The Horror Movie". The Village Voice. 2006-07-05.
Jump up ^ Pristin, Terry (2001-04-02). "Housing Pledge by Cuomo Faces an Uncertain Future". New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "NYC's 10 Worst Landlords". The Village Voice. 2006-07-05. Archived from the original on 2006-10-17.
Jump up ^ ENGELBERG, STEPHEN (1993-06-23). "Leader of H.U.D. Assesses It Harshly". New York Times.
Jump up ^ James Bovard (2000). Feeling Your Pain: The Explosion and Abuse Of Government Power in the Clinton-Gore Years. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 167, 175, 176. 0-312-23082-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mark Kurlyandchik (9 September 2014). "Feds accused of selling out neighborhoods to Wall St. firms". Mark Kurlyandchik. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
External links[edit]
Official website
HUD in the Federal Register

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