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Microsoft Edge
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Microsoft Edge
Microsoft Edge on Windows 10, using the light theme (as opposed to the dark theme)
Developer(s)
Microsoft
Initial release
July 29, 2015; 3 years ago (2015-07-29)
Stable release(s) [±]
Windows 10
44.17763.1.0 / October 2, 2018; 28 days ago (2018-10-02)[1]
Windows 10 Mobile
40.15254.369 / April 10, 2018; 6 months ago (2018-04-10)
Xbox One
40.15063.0 / March 29, 2017; 18 months ago (2017-03-29)[2]
Preview release(s)
(19H1) 44.18219.1000 with EdgeHTML 18.18219
Operating system
iOS, Android, Windows 10, Xbox One System Software
Included with
Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One System Software
Engines
Windows: EdgeHTML,[3] Chakra
iOS: Webkit[4]
Android: Blink[4]
License
Proprietary software;[5] a component of Windows 10
Website
www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-edge
Microsoft Edge (codename "Spartan") is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft and included in Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile and Xbox One devices, replacing Internet Explorer as the default web browser on all device classes. According to Microsoft, it is designed to be a lightweight web browser with a layout engine built around web standards.[6] Edge includes integration with Cortana, annotation tools, and a reading mode.[7]
Unlike Internet Explorer, Edge does not support ActiveX or Browser Helper Objects. Browser extension support was developed and added in preview builds in March 2016, and released with the Windows 10 Anniversary Update on August 2, 2016. Microsoft Edge extensions are distributed via Microsoft Store.
On October 5, 2017, Microsoft announced a preview of Microsoft Edge for Android and iOS.[8] The apps exited the "preview" stage on November 30, 2017.[9]
Contents
1 Features
1.1 EdgeHTML
1.2 HTML5 Standards
2 Development
2.1 Release history
3 Performance
3.1 Power efficiency
4 Reception
4.1 Market share
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Features[edit]
Desktop view for Microsoft Edge on Windows 10 Mobile
Microsoft Edge is the default web browser on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, and Xbox One consoles, replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile.[10] Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support the legacy Trident (MSHTML) layout engine for backwards compatibility, but later said that, due to "strong feedback", Edge would use a new engine, while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine.[11]
Favorites, reading list, browsing history and downloads are viewed at the Hub,[12] a sidebar providing functionality similar to Internet Explorer’s Downloads manager and Favorites Center.[13]
The browser includes an integrated Adobe Flash Player and a PDF reader. It also supports asm.js.[14]
Edge does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects, and instead uses an extension system.[3][15][16] Internet Explorer 11 will remain available alongside Edge on Windows 10 for compatibility; it will remain nearly identical to the Windows 8.1 version and not use the Edge engine as was previously announced.[3][10][15]
Edge integrates with Microsoft's online platforms in order to provide voice control, search functionality, and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar. Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive,[17] but can't save HTML pages to their own computers. It also integrates with the "Reading List" function and provides a "Reading Mode" that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility.[17]
Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016, with build 14291; three extensions were initially supported. Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and the small number was due to security concerns.[18]
EdgeHTML[edit]
EdgeHTML is a proprietary layout engine developed for Edge. It is a fork of Trident that has removed all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer and rewritten the majority of its source code to support web standards and interoperability with other modern browsers.[19][20] EdgeHTML is written in C++.[21] The rendering engine was first released as an experimental option in Internet Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10 Preview 9926 build.[22]
EdgeHTML is meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit layout engine used by Safari, Chrome and other browsers. Microsoft has stated that "any Edge-WebKit differences are bugs that we’re interested in fixing."[23]
A review of the engine in the beta Windows 10 build by AnandTech found substantial benchmark improvements over Trident; particularly JavaScript engine performance, which had come up to par with that of Google Chrome.[24] Other benchmarks focusing on the performance of the WebGL API found EdgeHTML to perform much better than Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.[25]
HTML5 Standards[edit]
Edge originally lacked support for open media standards such as WebM and Opus, but these were later added in Edge 14.14291.[26]
As of October 9, 2018, Edge 17 scored 492/555 on HTML5test, comparable to Firefox 59 which scored 491/555, but lagging behind Chrome 66 which scored 528/555.[27]
Development[edit]
In December 2014, writing for ZDNet, technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was developing a new web browser codenamed "Spartan" for Windows 10. She said that "Spartan" would be treated as a new product separate from Internet Explorer, with Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it for compatibility.[28]
In early January 2015 The Verge obtained further details surrounding "Spartan" from sources close to Microsoft, including reports that it would replace Internet Explorer on both the desktop and mobile versions of Windows 10.[29] Microsoft officially unveiled "Spartan" during a Windows 10-focused keynote on January 21, 2015.[17] It was described as a separate product from Internet Explorer; its final name was not announced.[30]
"Spartan" was first made publicly available as the default browser of Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10049, released on March 30, 2015.[31] The new engine used by "Spartan" was available in Windows 10 builds as part of Internet Explorer 11; Microsoft later announced that Internet Explorer would be deprecated on Windows 10, and would not use the "Spartan" engine.[10][32]
On April 29, 2015, during the Build Conference keynote, it was announced that "Spartan" would officially be known as Microsoft Edge.[33] The browser's logo and branding was designed to maintain continuity with the branding of Internet Explorer.[34] The Project "Spartan" branding was used in versions released after Build 2015. On June 25, Microsoft released version 19.10149 for Windows 10 Mobile which included the new brand. On June 28, version 20.10158 followed for the desktop versions, also including the updated branding. On July 15, Microsoft released version 20.10240 as the final release to Insiders. The same version was rolled out to consumers on July 29.
On August 12, Microsoft started the preview program for the next version of Microsoft Edge. They released version 20.10512 to Mobile-users. 6 days later followed by version 20.10525 for desktop users. The preview received multiple updates. On November 5, 2015, Microsoft released version 25.10586 as the final release for Edge's second public release for desktop users. On November 12, the update was rolled out to both desktop users and Xbox One users as part of the New Xbox Experience Update. On November 18, the update was to Windows 10 Mobile. Finally, on November 19, the update was also made available as part of the Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4.[citation needed]
On October 5, 2017, Joe Belfiore announced that Microsoft was working on a version of Edge for Android and iOS. A feature-limited beta version for iOS was also made available but the Android version, at the time of the announcement, was not available. According to Mary Jo Foley, these versions are not a full port of Microsoft Edge, but just its look and feel; Edge would not use the EdgeHTML layout engine, but rather the iOS's Webkit and the Android's Blink engine.[35][4]
Release history[edit]
Legend:
Old version Older version, still supported Current stable version Latest preview version Future release
Version
EdgeHTML version
Release date(s)
hideHighlights
Old version, no longer supported: 0.10.10049[36] 12.10049 Desktop: March 30, 2015
Initial release on Windows 10
Old version, no longer supported: 0.11.10051[37] 12.10051 Mobile: April 10, 2015
Initial release on Windows 10 Mobile; adds the following:
Support for PDFs
Download manager
Open Internet Explorer from ellipsis menu
Old version, no longer supported: 0.11.10052[38] 12.10052 Mobile: April 21, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 0.11.10061[39] 12.10061 Desktop: April 22, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 0.11.10074[40] 12.10074 Desktop: April 29, 2015
Server: May 4, 2015
Initial release on Windows Server 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 0.11.10080[41] 12.10080 Mobile: May 14, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 13.10122[42] 12.10122 Desktop: May 20, 2015
New Tab page
InPrivate browsing
Pin sites to start
Old version, no longer supported: 15.10130[43] 12.10130 Desktop: May 29, 2015
Revamped Settings pane
Hubs can now be pinned
Set as default PDF reader for Windows 10
Full screen support
Old version, no longer supported: 16.10136[44] 12.10136 Mobile: June 16, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 19.10149[45] 12.10149 Mobile: June 25, 2015
Rebranded as Microsoft Edge
Address bar at the bottom on phones
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10158[46] 12.10158 Desktop: June 29, 2015
Optional Home-button
Import favorites from other browsers
Dark theme
Improved hub
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10159[47] 12.10159 Desktop: June 30, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10162[48] 12.10162 Desktop: July 2, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10166[49][50] 12.10166 Desktop: July 9, 2015
Mobile: July 10, 2015
Updated about:flags page
Localhost loopback is now enabled by default[51]
Older version, yet still supported: 20.10240[52] 12.10240 Desktop: July 15, 2015
First public release
Performance improvements[53]
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10525[54] 12.10525 Desktop: August 18, 2015
Basic support for Object RTC
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10532[55] 12.10532 Desktop: August 27, 2015
Improved render engine with Pointer Lock support, canvas blending modes, asm.js support by default and more
Old version, no longer supported: 20.10536[56] 12.10536 Mobile: September 15, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 21.10547[57] 13.10547 Desktop: September 18, 2015
Object RTC API now fully supported[58]
EdgeHTML has been updated to version 13
Improved tab management
Old version, no longer supported: 21.10549[59] 13.10549 Mobile: October 14, 2015
Old version, no longer supported: 23.10565[60] 13.10565 Desktop: October 12, 2015
Tabs can now be previewed by hovering over them
Reading list items and favorites are now synced
Updated Settings pane
Old version, no longer supported: 25.10572[61] 13.10572 Mobile: October 20, 2015
Hub options are now available in the ellipses menu
Old version, no longer supported: 25.10576[62] 13.10576 Desktop: October 29, 2015
Media Casting
Cortana Integration with PDFs
Old version, no longer supported: 25.10581[63] 13.10581 Mobile: October 29, 2015
Older version, yet still supported: 25.10586[64] 13.10586 Desktop: November 5, 2015
Xbox: November 12, 2015
Mobile: November 18, 2015
Server: November 19, 2015
Second public release and initial release on Xbox One
Stability improvements
Old version, no longer supported: 25.11082[65] 13.11082 Desktop: December 16, 2015
Initial release on Windows Mixed Reality
Experimental support for VP9
Old version, no longer supported: 27.11099[66] 13.11099 Desktop: January 13, 2016
Initial foundation work for EdgeHTML 14
Old version, no longer supported: 28.11102[67] 13.11102 Desktop: January 21, 2016
Context menu for navigation buttons
Old version, no longer supported: 28.14251[68] 13.14251 Desktop: January 27, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 28.14257[69] 13.14257 Desktop: February 3, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 31.14267[70] 14.14267 Desktop: February 18, 2016
Mobile: February 19, 2016
Improved favorites management
Improved download management
EdgeHTML has been updated to version 14
New experimental flags
Old version, no longer supported: 31.14271[71] 14.14271 Desktop: February 24, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 31.14279[72] 14.14279 Desktop: March 4, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 31.14283[73] 14.14283 Mobile: March 10, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 34.14291[74] 14.14291 Desktop: March 17, 2016
Mobile: March 17, 2016
Preliminary extension support added
Pinned tab support added
Ability to copy and paste links in Microsoft Edge added
Preview support for VP9 video format added
Old version, no longer supported: 34.14295[75] 14.14295 Desktop: March 25, 2016
Mobile: March 25, 2016
Fixed an issue where Edge would refresh the tab if you pressed caps lock in a password field
Old version, no longer supported: 34.14300 14.14300 Server: April 27, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 37.14316[76] 14.14316 Desktop: April 6, 2016
Download reminders
Default save locations can be changed
Favorite Tree View improvements
New JavaScript features
Experimental JavaScript ES6 Regex symbols support
New Web Platform features
Old version, no longer supported: 37.14322 14.14322 Mobile: April 14, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 37.14327 14.14327 Mobile: April 20, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 37.14328 14.14328 Desktop: April 22, 2016
Mobile: April 22, 2016
Improved F12 developer tools
Experimental support for Beacon
Improved accessibility
Old version, no longer supported: 37.14332 14.14332 Desktop: April 26, 2016
Mobile: April 26, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 38.14342 14.14342 Desktop: May 10, 2016
Swipe gestures to navigate back and forward
Support for Beacon, Web Notifications and Fetch API
Old version, no longer supported: 38.14352 14.14352 Desktop: May 31, 2016
Older version, yet still supported: 38.14393 14.14393 Desktop: August 2, 2016
Mobile: August 16, 2016
Third public release
Anniversary Edition
Official support for browser extensions
WOFF 2 fonts
Support for Color Fonts formats (sbix, OpenType-SVG, COLR/CPAL, CBDT/CBLC)
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14901[77] 14.14901 Desktop: August 11, 2016
Introduced about:flags settings for several features under development
Added CTRL + O keyboard shortcut to set focus to the address bar
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14905[78] 14.14905 Desktop: August 17, 2016
Mobile: August 17, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14915[79] 14.14915 Desktop: August 31, 2016
Mobile: August 31, 2016
Partial implementation of Webkit-Text-Stroke and CSS outline-offset
Partial support for WebRTC 1.0 (off by default; enable via about:flags)
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14926[80] 14.14926 Desktop: September 14, 2016
Mobile: September 14, 2016
Ability to use Snooze to put a website in a Cortana Reminder to make it show up in the Action Center
Ability to import and export favorites from and to a file
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14931[81] 14.14931 Desktop: September 21, 2016
Improved ES6 Modules debugging in F12 Developer Tools
H.264/AVC became enabled by default for RTC
Support for CSS Custom Properties and CSP 2.0 (in development)
Improved support for WebRTC 1.0 and Service Workers (in development, behind flags)
General performance improvements
Changes to the network logic for Fetch algorithms in preparation for Service Worker Fetch interception (behind flags)
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14936[82] 14.14936 Desktop: September 28, 2016
Mobile: September 28, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14942[83] 15.14942 Desktop: October 7, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14946[84] 15.14946 Desktop: October 13, 2016
Mobile: October 13, 2016
Added support for the EPUB file format
The "Snooze" feature has been removed
Icons of pages in the hub became larger
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14951[85] 15.14951 Desktop: October 19, 2016
Mobile: October 19, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14955[86] 15.14955 Desktop: October 25, 2016
Mobile: October 25, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14959[87] 15.14959 Desktop: November 3, 2016
Mobile: November 3, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14965[88] 15.14965 Desktop: November 9, 2016
Mobile: November 9, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14971[89] 15.14971 Desktop: November 17, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14977[90] 15.14977 Mobile: December 1, 2016
Old version, no longer supported: 39.14986[91] 15.14986 Desktop: December 14, 2016
Console filter settings will persist for buttons and context menu
Improved ES6 Modules debugging experience
Support for the Brotli compressed data format (enabled by default) as an HTTP content-encoding method
Updated the MS-prefixed FIDO 2.0 implementation to match the latest W3C Web Authentication specification
Partial support for CSS Custom Properties (aka CSS Variables)
Preliminary support for the IntersectionObserver API
Async/await is enabled by default
DOM performance improvements
Older version, yet still supported: 40.15063[92][93] 15.15063 Desktop: April 11, 2017
Fourth public release
Creators Update
Advanced Tab Management
Added support for EPUB/PDF read aloud
Older version, yet still supported: 41.16299.15[94][95] 16.16299 Desktop: September 26, 2017
WebAssembly now enabled by default
Current stable version: 42.17134[96][97] 17.17134 Desktop: April 30, 2018
Support for Progressive Web Apps
CSS transforms on SVG elements
Support for Notification API
Performance[edit]
Early benchmarks of the EdgeHTML engine—included in the first beta release of Edge in Windows 10[98] Build 10049—had drastically better JavaScript performance than Trident 7 in Internet Explorer 11, with similar performance to Google Chrome 41 and Mozilla Firefox 37. In the SunSpider benchmark, Edge performed faster than other browsers,[99] while in other benchmarks it operated slower than Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Opera.[100]
Later benchmarks conducted with the version included in 10122 showed significant performance improvement compared to both IE11 and Edge back in 10049. According to Microsoft's benchmark result, this iteration of Edge performed better than both Chrome and Firefox in Google's Octane 2.0 and Apple's Jetstream benchmark.[101]
In July 2015, Edge scored 377 out of 555 points on the HTML5test. Chrome 44 and Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434 respectively, while Internet Explorer 11 scored 312.[102]
In August 2015, Microsoft released Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders, which included Edge 21.10532.0. This beta version scored 445 out of 555 points on the HTML5test.[103]
With the release of Windows 10 Build 14390 to insiders in July 2016, the HTML5test score of the browser's development version was 460 out of 555 points. Chrome 51 scored 497, Firefox 47 scored 456, and Safari 9.1 scored 370.[citation needed]
Power efficiency[edit]
In June 2016, Microsoft published benchmark results to prove superior power efficiency of Edge in comparison to all other major web browsers.[104] Opera questioned the accuracy and provided their own test results where Opera came out on top.[105] Independent testing by PC World confirmed Microsoft's results.[106] However, tests conducted by Linus Sebastian contradicted Microsoft's results, instead showing that Chrome has the best battery performance.[107]
Reception[edit]
In an August 2015 review of Windows 10 by Dan Grabham of TechRadar, Microsoft Edge was praised for its performance, despite not being in a feature-complete state at launch.[108] Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised the browser for being "tremendously promising", and "a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was", but criticized it for its lack of functionality on launch.[109] Thom Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in August 2015 for its hidden URL bar, lack of user friendliness, poor design and a tab system that is "so utterly broken it should never have shipped in a final release". He described the browser's implemented features as "some sort of cosmic joke", saying that "infuriating doesn't even begin to describe it".[110]
Data from August 2015, a few weeks after release, showed that user uptake of Edge was low, with only 2% of overall computer users using the new browser. Among Windows 10 users usage peaked at 20% and then dropped to 14% through August 2015.[111]
In October 2015 a security researcher published a report outlining a bug in Edge's "InPrivate" mode, causing data related to visited sites to still be cached in the user's profile directory, theoretically making it possible for others to determine sites visited. The bug gained mainstream attention in early February 2016,[112] and was fixed with a cumulative update on February 9.[113]
Market share[edit]
Desktop/laptop browser statistics
Google Chrome
63.98%
Mozilla Firefox
13.6%
Internet Explorer
8.21%
Safari
5.46%
Microsoft Edge
4.3%
Others
4.46%
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for September 2017.[114]
See also[edit]
Microsoft portal
Internet portal
Software portal
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 10576". Windows Experience Blog. October 29, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Announcing Windows 10 Mobile Insider Preview Build 10581". Windows Experience Blog. October 29, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 10586". Windows Experience Blog. November 5, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 11082". Windows Experience Blog. December 16, 2015. Archived from the original on December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 11099". Microsoft Edge changelog. January 13, 2016. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 11102". Microsoft Edge changelog. January 21, 2016. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14251". Microsoft Edge changelog. January 27, 2016. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14257". Microsoft Edge changelog. February 3, 2016. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14267". Microsoft Edge changelog. February 18, 2016. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14271". Microsoft Edge changelog. February 24, 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14279". Microsoft Edge changelog. February 24, 2016. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14283". Microsoft Edge changelog. February 24, 2016. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Build 14291". Microsoft Edge changelog. March 20, 2016. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Release version 14295". developer.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Release version 14316". developer.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14901". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14905". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14915". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14926". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14931". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14936". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14942 ·". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14946 ·". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14951". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14955". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14959". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14965". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14971". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14977". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows build 14986". ChangeWindows.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 build 15063". Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "What's new in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 Creators Update". April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ "What's New in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update". October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 build 15063". Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "What's new in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 April 2018 Update". April 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Best Browsers". April 26, 2015. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Howse, Brett (January 25, 2015). "Internet Explorer Project Spartan Shows Large Performance Gains". AnandTech. Purch. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Browser Benchmarks: Spartan vs. IE, Chrome, Firefox, and Opera". April 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Delivering fast JavaScript performance in Microsoft Edge". May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Owen Williams (July 29, 2015). "Microsoft's Edge browser can win back bitter Web developers". The Next Web. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Edge HTML5 improvements teased for upcoming Windows 10 LP Insider build". Neowin. Neowin. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kasanmascheff, Markus (July 14, 2016). "Microsoft Details Edge Browser Benchmark Results to Prove Its Supremacy". WinBuzzer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Why we challenge Microsoft's battery test". Opera Desktop. June 22, 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Which browser is best for battery life: We test Edge vs. Chrome vs. Opera vs. Firefox". Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Google Chrome bests Microsoft Edge in new battery life tests". betanews.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Windows 10 Review". TechRadar. Future plc. Archived from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Review: Windows 10 is the best version yet—once the bugs get fixed". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Windows: it's always the next version". OSNews. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Max Slater-Robins (September 2, 2015). "Barely anybody is using Microsoft's new browser". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015. shows that Edge peaked at approximately 20% usage among Windows 10 users at the end of July, before dropping down to 14% by the end of August
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Edge InPrivate browsing mode is full of fail and not private". NetworkWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "KB3135173, OS build 10596.104". Microsoft. February 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter. Archived from the original on July 12, 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Weber, Jason (January 22, 2015). "Project Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build". IEBlog. Microsoft.
External links[edit]
Official website
"Microsoft Edge source code and download". GitHub.
"Incognito mode in old IE (and other browsers)". WikiHow (in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian). May 25, 2018.
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General
Comparison
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List
for Unix
Usage share
show
1990s
1990
WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1991
Line Mode Browser
libwww
1992
Erwise
MacWWW (Samba)
MidasWWW
tkWWW
ViolaWWW
1993
AMosaic
Arena
Cello
Emacs/W3
Lynx 2
NCSA Mosaic
VMS Mosaic
1994
AirMosaic
Internet in a Box
ANT Fresco
Argo
IBM WebExplorer
SlipKnot
Minuet
Navipress
Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator
Spyglass Mosaic
TCP/Connect II
1995
Agora
ALynx
AMSD Ariadna
Cyberjack
eWorld Web Browser
Grail
Internet Explorer 1
Internet Explorer 2
Netscape Navigator 2
NetShark
OmniWeb
HotJava
UdiWWW
WebShark
1996
Cyberdog
Arachne
AWeb
IBrowse
Amaya
Internet Explorer 3
Netscape Navigator 3
Opera 2
Oracle PowerBrowser
tcpCONNECT4
Voyager
1997
Netscape Communicator
Internet Explorer 4
Opera 2.1
1998
NeoPlanet
Mozilla Application Suite
Opera 3–3.21
1999
iCab
Internet Explorer 5
Omniweb 3
Opera 3.5–3.62
show
2000s
2000
Beonex Communicator
Galeon
K-Meleon
MediaBrowser
Netscape 6
Opera 4–4.02
2001
iCab 2.5
Internet Explorer 6
Omniweb 4
Opera 5–5.12
2002
Avant Browser 7
Camino
Epiphany
Netscape 7
Opera 6–6.1
2003
GreenBrowser
Maxthon
Opera 7–7.3
Safari
SlimBrowser
2004
Avant Browser 9
Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox
Opera 7.5–7.55
2005
AOL Explorer
Deepnet Explorer
Firefox 1.5
Opera 8–8.54
Safari 2
2006
Avant Browser 11
Firefox 2
Internet Explorer 7
Opera 9–9.27
2007
Maxthon 2
Opera 9.5–9.64
Safari 3
SeaMonkey 1.1
2008
Google Chrome
Firefox 3
Netscape Browser
Netscape Navigator 9
NetSurf 1.2
2009
Avant Browser 11.7
Google Chrome 2–3
Firefox 3.5
Internet Explorer 8
Opera 10–10.63
Pale Moon
Safari 4
SeaMonkey 2.0
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2010s
2010
Google Chrome 4–8
Firefox 3.6
Lunascape 6.0.1
Maxthon 3
NetSurf 2.5
Opera 11–11.64
Safari 5
2011
Google Chrome 9–16
Firefox 4–9
Internet Explorer 9
Lunascape 6.5
Opera 12–12.17
SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4
Waterfox
2012
Google Chrome 17–23
Firefox 10–17
Internet Explorer 10
Lunascape 6.7
Maxthon 3.4
NetSurf 2.9
Safari 6
2013
Google Chrome 24–31
Firefox 18–26
Internet Explorer 11
Opera 15–18
Safari 7
SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22
2014
Google Chrome 32–39
Firefox 27–34
Lunascape 6.9
NetSurf 3.1
Opera 19–26
Safari 8
SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31
2015
Google Chrome 40–47
Firefox 35–43
Lunascape 6.10–6.12
Microsoft Edge 20, 25
Opera 27–34
Safari 9
SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39
Vivaldi
2016
Google Chrome 48–55
Firefox 44–50
Lunascape 6.13–6.15
Microsoft Edge 38
Opera 35–42
Safari 10
2017
Basilisk
Brave
Google Chrome 56–63
Firefox 51–57
Microsoft Edge 40, 41
Opera 43–49
Safari 11
SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49
2018
Google Chrome 64–
Firefox 58–
Microsoft Edge 42-
Opera 50-
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