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Richard Trevithick
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Richard Trevithick
1816 by John Linnell
Born
(1771-04-13)13 April 1771
Tregajorran, Cornwall, England
Died
22 April 1833(1833-04-22) (aged 62)
Dartford, Kent, England
Nationality
British
Known for
Steam locomotives
Scientific career
Fields
Inventor, mining engineer
Richard Trevithick (13 April 1771 – 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and mining engineer from Cornwall, England.[1] The son of a mining captain, and born in the mining heartland of Cornwall, Trevithick was immersed in mining and engineering from an early age. He performed poorly in school, but went on to be an early pioneer of steam-powered road and rail transport. His most significant contribution was the development of the first high-pressure steam engine. He also built the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive. The world's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place on 21 February 1804, when Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway of the Penydarren Ironworks, in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales.[2][3]
Turning his interests abroad, Trevithick also worked as a mining consultant in Peru and later explored parts of Costa Rica. Throughout his professional career, he went through many ups and downs, and at one point faced financial ruin, also suffering from the strong rivalry of many mining and steam engineers of the day. During the prime of his career, he was a well-respected and known figure in mining and engineering, but near the end of his life he fell out of the public eye.
Contents
[hide]
1 Childhood and early life
1.1 Marriage and family
2 Career
3 High-pressure engine
3.1 Early experiments
3.2 Puffing Devil
3.3 Coalbrookdale Locomotive
3.4 London Steam Carriage
3.5 Tragedy at Greenwich
3.6 "Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
3.7 "Newcastle" locomotive
3.8 Catch Me Who Can
4 Engineering projects
4.1 Thames tunnel
4.1.1 Completion
4.2 Return to London
4.3 Nautical projects
4.4 Illness, financial difficulties and return to Cornwall
4.5 Cornish boiler and engine
4.6 Recoil engine
5 South America
5.1 Draining the Peruvian silver mines
5.2 Trevithick leaves for South America
5.3 Exploring the isthmus of Costa Rica on foot
6 Later projects
6.1 Final project
7 Death
7.1 Memorials
7.1.1 Legacy
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Notes
9.2 Sources
10 External links
Childhood and early life[edit]
Richard Trevithick was born at Tregajorran (in the parish of Illogan), between Camborne and Redruth, in the heart of one of the rich mineral-mining areas of Cornwall. He was the youngest-but-one child and the only boy in a family of six children. He was very tall for the era at 6 ft 2in, as well as athletic and concentrated more on sport than schoolwork. Sent to the village school at Camborne, he did not take much advantage of the education provided; one of his school masters described him as "a disobedient, slow, obstinate, spoiled boy, frequently absent and very inattentive". An exception was arithmetic, for which he had an aptitude, though arriving at the correct answers by unconventional means.[4]
Trevithick was the son of mine "captain" Richard Trevithick (1735–1797) and of miner's daughter Ann Teague (died 1810). As a child he would watch steam engines pump water from the deep tin and copper mines in Cornwall. For a time he was a neighbour of William Murdoch, the steam carriage pioneer, and would have been influenced by his experiments with steam-powered road locomotion.[5]
Trevithick first went to work at the age of 19 at the East Stray Park Mine. He was enthusiastic and quickly gained the status of a consultant, unusual for such a young person. He was popular with the miners because of the respect they had for his father.
Marriage and family[edit]
In 1797, Trevithick married Jane Harvey of Hayle. They raised six children:[citation needed]
Richard Trevithick (1798–1872)
Anne Ellis (1800–1876)
Elizabeth Banfield (1803–1870)
John Harvey Trevithick (1807–1877)
Francis Trevithick (1812–1877)
Frederick Henry Trevithick (1816–1883)
Career[edit]
Jane's father, John Harvey, formerly a blacksmith from Carnhell Green, formed the local foundry, Harveys of Hayle. His company became famous worldwide for building huge stationary "beam" engines for pumping water, usually from mines. Up to this time such steam engines were of the condensing or atmospheric type, originally invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, which also became known as low-pressure engines. James Watt, on behalf of his partnership with Matthew Boulton, held a number of patents for improving the efficiency of Newcomen's engine—including the "separate condenser patent", which proved the most contentious.
Trevithick became engineer at the Ding Dong Mine in 1797, and there (in conjunction with Edward Bull) he pioneered the use of high-pressure steam. He worked on building and modifying steam engines to avoid the royalties due to Watt on the separate condenser patent. Boulton & Watt served an injunction on him at Ding Dong, and posted it "on the minestuffs" and "most likely on the door" of the Count (Account) House which, although now a ruin, is the only surviving building from Trevithick's time there.
He also experimented with the plunger-pole pump, a type of pump—with a beam engine—used widely in Cornwall's tin mines, in which he reversed the plunger to change it into a water-power engine.
High-pressure engine[edit]
Trevithick's No. 14 engine, built by Hazledine and Company, Bridgnorth, about 1804, and illustrated after being rescued circa 1885; from Scientific American Supplement, Vol. XIX, No. 470, 3 January 1885. This engine is on view at the Science Museum (London).
As his experience grew, he realised that improvements in boiler technology now permitted the safe production of high-pressure steam, which could move a piston in a steam engine on its own account, instead of using pressure near to atmospheric, in a condensing engine.
He was not the first to think of so-called "strong steam". William Murdoch had developed and demonstrated a model steam carriage, initially in 1784, and demonstrated it to Trevithick at his request in 1794. In fact, Trevithick lived next door to Murdoch in Redruth in 1797 and 1798. Oliver Evans in the U.S. had also concerned himself with the concept, but there is no indication that his ideas had ever come to Trevithick's attention.[6]
Independently of this, Arthur Woolf was experimenting with higher pressures whilst working as the Chief Engineer of the Griffin Brewery (proprietors Meux and Reid). This was an Engine designed by Hornblower and Maberly, and the proprietors were keen to have the best steam engine in London. Around 1796, Woolf believed he could save substantial amounts of coal consumption.
According to his son Francis, Trevithick was the first to make high-pressure steam work in England in 1799,[1] although other sources say he had invented his first high-pressure engine by 1797.[7][8] Not only would a high-pressure steam engine eliminate the condenser, but it would allow the use of a smaller cylinder, saving space and weight. He reasoned that his engine could now be more compact, lighter, and small enough to carry its own weight even with a carriage attached. (Note this did not use the expansion of the steam, so-called "expansive working" came later)
Early experiments[edit]
Trevithick started building his first models of high-pressure (meaning a few atmospheres) steam engines, initially a stationary one and subsequently one attached to a road carriage. A double-acting cylinder was used, with steam distribution by means of a four-way valve. Exhaust steam was vented via a vertical pipe or chimney straight into the atmosphere, thus avoiding a condenser and any possible infringements of Watt's patent. The linear motion was directly converted into circular motion via a crank instead of using a more cumbersome beam.
Puffing Devil[edit]
Camborne Hill street name and plaque commemorating Trevithick's steam carriage demonstration in 1801.
A replica of Trevithick's Puffing Devil, built by the Trevithick Society and regularly demonstrated in Cornwall
Trevithick built a full-size steam road locomotive in 1801, on a site near present-day Fore Street in Camborne.[9] (A steam wagon built in 1770 by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot may have an earlier claim.) Trevithick named his carriage Puffing Devil and on Christmas Eve that year, he demonstrated it by successfully carrying six passengers up Fore Street and then continuing on up Camborne Hill, from Camborne Cross, to the nearby village of Beacon. His cousin and associate, Andrew Vivian, steered the machine. This is widely recognised as the first demonstration of transportation powered by steam. It inspired the popular Cornish folk song "Camborne Hill".
During further tests, Trevithick's locomotive broke down three days later after passing over a gully in the road. The vehicle was left under some shelter with the fire still burning whilst the operators retired to a nearby public house for a meal of roast goose and drinks. Meanwhile, the water boiled off, the engine overheated and the machine burned, destroying it. Trevithick did not consider this a serious setback, but rather operator error.
In 1802, Trevithick took out a patent for his high-pressure steam engine.[10][11] To prove his ideas, he built a stationary engine at the Coalbrookdale Company's works in Shropshire in 1802, forcing water to a measured height to measure the work done. The engine ran at forty piston strokes a minute, with an unprecedented boiler pressure of 145 psi.
Coalbrookdale Locomotive[edit]
A drawing of the Coalbrookdale locomotive from the Science Museum
The Coalbrookdale company then built a rail locomotive for him, but little is known about it, including whether or not it actually ran. To date, the only known information about it comes from a drawing preserved at the Science Museum, London, together with a letter written by Trevithick to his friend Davies Giddy. The design incorporated a single horizontal cylinder enclosed in a return-flue boiler. A flywheel drove the wheels on one side through spur gears, and the axles were mounted directly on the boiler, with no frame.[12] On the drawing, the piston-rod, guide-bars and cross-head are located directly above the firebox door, thus making the engine extremely dangerous to fire while moving.[13] Furthermore, the drawing indicates that the locomotive ran on a plateway with a track gauge of 3 ft (914 mm).
This is the drawing used as the basis of all images and replicas of the later "Pen-y-darren" locomotive, as no plans for that locomotive have survived.[14]
London Steam Carriage[edit]
The London Steam Carriage, by Trevithick and Vivian, demonstrated in London in 1803
The Puffing Devil was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods, and would have been of little practical use. He built another steam-powered road vehicle in 1803, called the London Steam Carriage, which attracted much attention from the public and press when he drove it that year in London from Holborn to Paddington and back. It was uncomfortable for passengers and proved more expensive to run than a horse-drawn carriage, and was abandoned.
Tragedy at Greenwich[edit]
Also in 1803, one of Trevithick's stationary pumping engines in use at Greenwich exploded, killing four men. Although Trevithick considered the explosion was caused by another case of careless operation rather than design error, the incident was exploited relentlessly by Watt and Boulton (competitors and promoters of the low-pressure engine) who highlighted the perceived risks of using high-pressure steam.
Trevithick's response was to incorporate two safety valves into future designs, only one of which could be adjusted by the operator.[15] The adjustable valve comprised a disc covering a small hole at the top of the boiler above the water level in the steam chest. The force exerted by the steam pressure was equalised by an opposite force created by a weight attached to a pivoted lever. The position of the weight on the lever was adjustable thus allowing the operator to set the maximum steam pressure. Trevithick also added a fusible plug of lead, positioned in the boiler just below the minimum safe water level. Under normal operation the water temperature could not exceed that of boiling water and kept the lead below its melting point. If the water ran low, it exposed the lead plug, and the cooling effect of the water was lost. The temperature would then rise sufficiently to melt the lead, releasing steam into the fire, reducing the boiler pressure and providing an audible alarm in sufficient time for the operator to damp the fire, and let the boiler cool before damage could occur. He also introduced the hydraulic testing of boilers, and the use of a mercury manometer to indicate the pressure.
"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive[edit]
Trevithick's 1802 locomotive. This full-scale reconstruction is in the National Waterfront Museum, Swansea.
In 1802, Trevithick built one of his high-pressure steam engines to drive a hammer at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil, Mid Glamorgan . With the assistance of Rees Jones, an employee of the iron works and under the supervision of Samuel Homfray, the proprietor, he mounted the engine on wheels and turned it into a locomotive. In 1803, Trevithick sold the patents for his locomotives to Samuel Homfray.
Homfray was so impressed with Trevithick's locomotive that he made a bet with another ironmaster, Richard Crawshay, for 500 guineas that Trevithick's steam locomotive could haul ten tons of iron along the Merthyr Tydfil Tramroad from Penydarren (51°45′03″N 3°22′33″W / 51.750825°N 3.375761°W / 51.750825; -3.375761) to Abercynon (51°38′44″N 3°19′27″W / 51.645567°N 3.324233°W / 51.645567; -3.324233), a distance of 9.75 miles (15.69 km). Amid great interest from the public, on 21 February 1804 it successfully carried 10 tons of iron, 5 wagons and 70 men the full distance in 4 hours and 5 minutes, an average speed of approximately 2.4 mph (3.9 km/h).[16] As well as Homfray, Crawshay and the passengers, other witnesses included Mr. Giddy, a respected patron of Trevithick and an 'engineer from the Government'.[17] The engineer from the government was probably a safety inspector and particularly interested in the boiler's ability to withstand high steam pressures.
The configuration of the Pen-y-darren engine differed from the Coalbrookdale engine. The cylinder was moved to the other end of the boiler so that the fire door was out of the way of the moving parts. This obviously also involved putting the crankshaft at the chimney end. The locomotive comprised a boiler with a single return flue mounted on a four-wheel frame. At one end, a single cylinder with very long stroke was mounted partly in the boiler, and a piston rod crosshead ran out along a slidebar, an arrangement that looked like a giant trombone. As there was only one cylinder, this was coupled to a large flywheel mounted on one side. The rotational inertia of the flywheel would even out the movement that was transmitted to a central cog-wheel that was, in turn connected to the driving wheels. It used a high-pressure cylinder without a condenser; the exhaust steam was sent up the chimney assisting the draught through the fire, increasing efficiency even more.
The bet was won. Despite many people's doubts, it had been shown that, provided that the gradient was sufficiently gentle, it was possible to successfully haul heavy carriages along a smooth iron road using the adhesive weight alone of a suitably heavy and powerful steam locomotive. Trevithick's was probably the first to do so;[18] however some of the short cast iron plates of the tramroad broke under the locomotive as they were intended only to support the lighter axle load of horse-drawn wagons and so the tramroad returned to horse power after the initial test run.
Homfray was pleased he won his bet. The engine was placed on blocks and reverted to its original stationary job of driving hammers.
In modern-day Merthyr Tydfil, behind the monument to Trevithick's locomotive lies a stone wall, the sole remainder of the former boundary wall of Homfray's Penydarren House.[19]
A full-scale working reconstruction of the Pen-y-darren locomotive was commissioned in 1981 and delivered to the Welsh Industrial and Maritime Museum in Cardiff; when that closed, it was moved to the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea. Several times a year it is run on a 40m length of rail outside the museum.
"Newcastle" locomotive[edit]
Christopher Blackett, proprietor of the Wylam colliery near Newcastle, heard of the success in Wales and wrote to Trevithick asking for locomotive designs. These were sent to John Whitfield at Gateshead, Trevithick's agent, who in 1804 built what was probably the first locomotive to have flanged wheels.[20] Blackett was using wooden rails for his tramway and, once again, Trevithick's machine was to prove too heavy for its track.[21][22]
Catch Me Who Can[edit]
Trevithick's steam circus
In 1808, Trevithick publicised his steam railway locomotive expertise by building a new locomotive called Catch Me Who Can, built for him by John Hazledine and John Urpeth Rastrick at Bridgnorth in Shropshire, and named by Davies Giddy's daughter. The configuration differed from the previous locomotives in that the cylinder was mounted vertically and drove a pair of wheels directly with the connecting rods, without flywheel or gearing. This was probably Trevithick's fourth locomotive, after those used at Coalbrookdale, Pen-y-darren ironworks, and the Wylam colliery. He ran it on a circular track just south of the present-day Euston Square tube station in London. The site in Bloomsbury has recently been identified archaeologically as that occupied by the Chadwick Building, part of University College London.[23]
Admission to the "steam circus" was one shilling including a ride and it was intended to show that rail travel was faster than by horse. This venture also suffered from weak tracks and public interest was limited.
Trevithick was disappointed by the response and designed no more railway locomotives. It was not until 1812 that twin-cylinder steam locomotives, built by Matthew Murray in Holbeck, successfully started replacing horses for hauling coal wagons on the edge railed, rack and pinion Middleton Railway from Middleton colliery to Leeds, West Yorkshire.
Engineering projects[edit]
Thames tunnel[edit]
Robert Vazie, another Cornish engineer, was selected by the Thames Archway Company in 1805 to drive a tunnel under the River Thames at Rotherhithe. Vazie encountered serious problems with water influx, and had got no further than sinking the end shafts when the directors called in Trevithick for consultation. The directors agreed to pay Trevithick £1000 (the equivalent of £73,038 in 2016[24]) if he could successfully complete the tunnel, a length of 1,220 feet (370 m). In August 1807, he began driving a small pilot tunnel or driftway 5 feet (1.5 m) high tapering from 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m) at the top to 3 feet (0.91 m) at the bottom. By 23 December, after it had progressed 950 feet (290 m), progress was delayed after a sudden inrush of water; and only one month later on 26 January 1808, at 1,040 feet (320 m), a more serious inrush occurred. The tunnel was flooded; Trevithick, being the last to leave, was nearly drowned. Clay was dumped on the river bed to seal the hole, and the tunnel was drained, but mining was now more difficult. Progress stalled, and a few of the directors attempted to discredit Trevithick, but the quality of his work was eventually upheld by two colliery engineers from the North of England. Despite suggesting various building techniques to complete the project, including a submerged cast iron tube, Trevithick's links with the company ceased and the project was never actually completed.
Completion[edit]
The first successful tunnel under the Thames was started by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel in 1823, 0.75 miles (1,200 m) upstream, assisted by his son Isambard Kingdom Brunel (who also nearly died in a tunnel collapse). Marc Brunel finally completed it in 1843, the delays being due to problems with funding.
Trevithick's suggestion of a submerged tube approach was successfully implemented for the first time across the Detroit River between Michigan in the United States and Ontario in Canada with the construction of the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel, under the engineering supervision of The New York Central Railway's engineering vice president, William J Wilgus. Construction began in 1903 and was completed in 1910. The Detroit–Windsor Tunnelwhich was completed in 1930 for automotive traffic, and the tunnel under the Hong Kong Harbour were also submerged-tube designs.
Return to London[edit]
Trevithick went on to research other projects to exploit his high-pressure steam engines: boring brass for cannon manufacture, stone crushing, rolling mills, forge hammers, blast furnace blowers as well as the traditional mining applications. He also built a barge powered by paddle wheels and several dredgers.
Trevithick saw opportunities in London and persuaded his wife and four children reluctantly to join him in 1808 for two and a half years lodging first in Rotherhithe and then in Limehouse.
Nautical projects[edit]
In 1808, Trevithick entered a partnership with Robert Dickinson, a West India merchant. Dickinson supported several of Trevithick's patents. The first of these was the Nautical Labourer; a steam tug with a floating crane propelled by paddle wheels. However, it did not meet the fire regulations for the docks, and the Society of Coal Whippers, worried about losing their livelihood, even threatened the life of Trevithick.
Another patent was for the installation of iron tanks in ships for storage of cargo and water instead of in wooden casks. A small works was set up at Limehouse to manufacture them, employing three men. The tanks were also used to raise sunken wrecks by placing them under the wreck and creating buoyancy by pumping them full of air. In 1810 a wreck near Margate was raised in this way but there was a dispute over payment and Trevithick was driven to cut the lashings loose and let it sink again.
In 1809, Trevithick worked on various ideas on improvements for ships: iron floating docks, iron ships, telescopic iron masts, improved ship structures, iron buoys and using heat from the ships boilers for cooking.
Illness, financial difficulties and return to Cornwall[edit]
In May 1810, Trevithick caught typhoid and nearly died. By September, he had recovered sufficiently to travel back to Cornwall by ship, and in February 1811 he and Dickinson were declared bankrupt. They were not discharged until 1814, Trevithick having paid off most of the partnership debts from his own funds.
Cornish boiler and engine[edit]
In about 1812, Trevithick designed the ‘Cornish boiler’. These were horizontal, cylindrical boilers with a single internal fire tube or flue passing horizontally through the middle. Hot exhaust gases from the fire passed through the flue thus increasing the surface area heating the water and improving efficiency. These types were installed in the Boulton and Watt pumping engines at Dolcoath and more than doubled their efficiency.
Again in 1812, he installed a new 'high-pressure' experimental condensing steam engine at Wheal Prosper. This became known as the Cornish engine, and was the most efficient in the world at that time. Other Cornish engineers contributed to its development but Trevithick's work was predominant. In the same year he installed another high-pressure engine, though non-condensing, in a threshing machine on a farm at Probus, Cornwall. It was very successful and proved to be cheaper to run than the horses it replaced. It ran for 70 years and was then exhibited at the Science Museum.
Recoil engine[edit]
In one of Trevithick's more unusual projects, he attempted to build a 'recoil engine' similar to the aeolipile described by Hero of Alexandria in about AD 50. Trevithick's engine comprised a boiler feeding a hollow axle to route the steam to a catherine wheel with two fine-bore steam jets on its circumference. The first wheel was 15 feet (4.6 m) in diameter and a later attempt was 24 feet (7.3 m) in diameter. To get any usable torque, steam had to issue from the nozzles at a very high velocity and in such large volume that it proved not to operate with adequate efficiency. Today this would be recognised as a reaction turbine.
South America[edit]
Draining the Peruvian silver mines[edit]
In 1811 draining water from the rich silver mines of Cerro de Pasco in Peru at an altitude of 4,330 metres (14,210 ft) posed serious problems for the man in charge, Francisco Uville. The low-pressure condensing engines by Boulton and Watt developed so little power as to be useless at this altitude, and they could not be dismantled into sufficiently small pieces to be transported there along mule tracks. Uville was sent to England to investigate using Trevithick's high-pressure steam engine. He bought one for 20 guineas, transported it back and found it to work quite satisfactorily. In 1813 Uville set sail again for England and, having fallen ill on the way, broke his journey via Jamaica. When he had recovered he boarded the Falmouth packet ship 'Fox' coincidentally with one of Trevithick's cousins on board the same vessel. Trevithick's home was just a few miles from Falmouth so Uville was able to meet him and tell him about the project.
Trevithick leaves for South America[edit]
On 20 October 1816 Trevithick left Penzance on the whaler ship Asp accompanied by a lawyer named Page and a boilermaker bound for Peru. He was received by Uville with honour initially but relations soon broke down and Trevithick left in disgust at the accusations directed at him. He travelled widely in Peru acting as a consultant on mining methods. The government granted him certain mining rights and he found mining areas, but did not have the funds to develop them, with the exception of a copper and silver mine at Caxatambo. After a time serving in the army of Simon Bolivar he returned to Caxatambo but due to the unsettled state of the country and presence of the Spanish army he was forced to leave the area and abandon £5,000 worth of ore ready to ship. Uville died in 1818 and Trevithick soon returned to Cerro de Pasco to continue mining. However, the war of liberation denied him several objectives. Meanwhile, back in England, he was accused of neglecting his wife Jane and family in Cornwall.
Exploring the isthmus of Costa Rica on foot[edit]
After leaving Cerro de Pasco, Trevithick passed through Ecuador on his way to Bogotá in Colombia. He arrived in Costa Rica in 1822 hoping to develop mining machinery. He spent time looking for a practical route to transport ore and equipment, settling on using the San Juan River, the Sarapiqui River, and then a railway to cover the remaining distance. In a biography his son wrote that Trevithick had in mind a steam-driven railway and not mule-driven.
The initial party comprised Trevithick, Scottish mining projector James Gerard,[25] two schoolboys: José Maria Montealegre (a future president of Costa Rica) and his brother Mariano, whom Gerard intended to enrol in Highgate School, North London,[26] and seven natives, three of whom returned home after guiding them through the first part of their journey. The journey was treacherous – one of the party was drowned in a raging torrent and Trevithick was nearly killed on at least two occasions. In the first he was saved from drowning by Gerard, and in the second he was nearly devoured by an alligator following a dispute with a local man whom he had in some way offended. Still in the company of Gerard, he made his way to Cartagena where he chanced to meet Robert Stephenson who was himself on his way home from Colombia, following a failed three-year mining venture. It had been many years since they last met (when Stephenson was just a baby), and the two men were judged by witnesses to their meeting to have little in common. Despite this Stephenson gave Trevithick £50 to help his passage home. Whilst Stephenson and Gerard booked passage via New York, Trevithick took ship direct to Falmouth, arriving there in October 1827 with few possessions other than the clothes he was wearing. He never returned to Costa Rica.
Later projects[edit]
Taking encouragement from earlier inventors who had achieved some successes with similar endeavours, Trevithick petitioned Parliament for a grant but he was unsuccessful in acquiring one.
In 1829 he built a closed cycle steam engine followed by a vertical tubular boiler.
In 1830 he invented an early form of storage room heater. It comprised a small fire tube boiler with a detachable flue which could be heated either outside or indoors with the flue connected to a chimney. Once hot the hot water container could be wheeled to where heat was required and the issuing heat could be altered using adjustable doors.
To commemorate the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832 he designed a massive column to be 1,000 feet (300 m) high, being 100 feet (30 m) in diameter at the base tapering to 12 feet (3.7 m) at the top where a statue of a horse would have been mounted. It was to be made of 1500 10-foot-square (3 m) pieces of cast iron and would have weighed 6000 tons. There was substantial public interest in the proposal, but it was never built.
Final project[edit]
About the same time he was invited to do some development work on an engine of a new vessel at Dartford by John Hall, the founder of J & E Hall Limited. The work involved a reaction turbine for which Trevithick earned £1200. He lodged at The Bull hotel in the High Street, Dartford, Kent.
Death[edit]
The plaque at St Edmund's Burial Ground, East Hill, Dartford. With the words "Richard Trevithick. Approximately 25ft from this wall lie the remains of Richard Trevithick. The great engineer and pioneer of high-pressure steam. He died at the Bull Inn, Dartford and was carried here by fellow workers of Halls Engineering Works. To a paupers grave. Born Illogan, Cornwall April 13th 1771. Died Dartford, Kent April 22nd 1833".
After he had been working in Dartford for about a year, Trevithick was taken ill with pneumonia and had to retire to bed at The Bull hotel, where he was lodging at the time. Following a week's confinement in bed he died on the morning of 22 April 1833. He was penniless, and no relatives or friends had attended his bedside during his illness. His colleagues at Hall's works made a collection for his funeral expenses and acted as bearers. They also paid a night watchman to guard his grave at night to deter grave robbers, as body snatching was common at that time.
Trevithick was buried in an unmarked grave in St Edmund's Burial Ground, East Hill, Dartford. The burial ground closed in 1857, with the gravestones being removed in the 1960s. A plaque marks the approximate spot believed to be the site of the grave.[27] The plaque lies on the side of the park, near the East Hill gate, and an unlinked path.
Memorials[edit]
Richard Trevithick's statue by the public library at Camborne, Cornwall
In Camborne, outside the public library, a statue by Leonard Stanford Merrifield depicting Trevithick holding one of his small-scale models[28] was unveiled in 1932 by Prince George, Duke of Kent, in front of a crowd of thousands of local people.[29]
On 17 March 2007, Dartford Borough Council invited the Chairman of the Trevithick Society, Phil Hosken, to unveil a Blue Plaque at the Royal Victoria and Bull hotel (formerly The Bull) marking Trevithick's last years in Dartford and the place of his death in 1833. The Blue Plaque is prominently displayed on the Hotel's front facade. There is also a plaque at Holy Trinity Church.[30]
The Cardiff University Engineering, Computer Science and Physics departments are based around the Trevithick Building which also holds the Trevithick Library, named after Richard Trevithick.[31]
In Gower Street in London, on the wall of the University College building, an elaborate wall plaque carries the legend: "Close to this place Richard Trevithick (Born 1771 – Died 1833) Pioneer of High Pressure Steam ran in the year 1808 the first steam locomotive to draw passengers." It was erected by "The Trevithick Centenary Memorial Committee".[32]
One of the oldest depictions of Saint Piran's Flag can be seen in a stained glass window at Westminster Abbey, 1888, commemorating Richard Trevithick. The window depicts St Michael at the top and nine Cornish saints, Piran, Petroc, Pinnock,[33] Germanus, Julian, Cyriacus, Constantine, Nonna and Geraint in tiers below. The head of St Piran appears to be a portrait of Trevithick himself and the figure carries the banner of Cornwall.[34]
There is a plaque and memorial situated in Abercynon, outside the fire station. It says "In commemoration of the achievements of Richard Trevithick who having constructed the first steam locomotive did on February 21st 1804 successfully hail 10 tons of iron and numerous passengers along a tramroad from Merthyr to this precinct where was situated the loading point of the Glamorgan Canal". There is also a building in Abercynon called Ty Trevithick, named in his honour.
A replica of Trevithick's first full-size steam road locomotive was first displayed at Camborne Trevithick Day 2001, the day chosen for the celebration of Trevithick’s public demonstration of the use of high-pressure steam. The team consisting of John Woodward, Mark Rivron and Sean Oliver, have continued to maintain and display the engine at various steam fairs across the country. The Puffing Devil has proudly led the parade of steam engines at every subsequent Trevithick day up to and including 2014.
Trevithick Drive in Temple Hill, Dartford, was named after Richard Trevithick.
Legacy[edit]
The Trevithick Society, a forerunner of Industrial Archaeology organizations that was initially formed to rescue the Levant winding engine from being scrapped was named for Richard Trevithick.[35] They publish a newsletters, a journal and many books on Cornish engines, the mining industry, engineers, and other industrial archaeological topics.[36][37] There is also a street named after him in Merthyr Tydfil.
Harry Turtledove's alternate history short story The Iron Elephant has Richard Trevithick inventing his steam engine in 1782. This character was born sometime before 1771, and is American rather than British, indicating he is an analog (a common Turtledove plot device) rather than the very same man as the historical figure.
See also[edit]
Trains portal
List of topics related to Cornwall
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Catalog Record: Life of Richard Trevithick, with an account... | Hathi Trust Digital Library". Catalog.hathitrust.org. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive | Rhagor". Museumwales.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Steam train anniversary begins". BBC News. 21 February 2004. Retrieved 13 June 2009. A south Wales town has begun months of celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of the invention of the steam locomotive. Merthyr Tydfil was the location where, on 21 February 1804, Richard Trevithick took the world into the railway age when he set one of his high-pressure steam engines on a local iron master's tram rails
Jump up ^ Hodge, James (2002). Richard Trevithick. Lifelines. Aylesbury: Shire Publications Ltd. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-85263-177-5.
Jump up ^ "William Murdock". Oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ "The romance of the steam engine". Scientific American. New York: Munn and Co. IV (18): 277. 4 May 1861. In Trevithick's boiler the feed water was heated by the exhaust steam, which some have supposed was an idea borrowed from Evans, but no proof has been adduced that the Cornish engineer had heard of the prior American invention. We therefore conclude that it was original with Trevithick, but he was not the first inventor.
Jump up ^ "Richard Trevithick". Asme.org. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ L.T.C. Rolt (2014-01-07). "Richard Trevithick | English engineer". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ BBC Staff. "Walk Through Time – Camborne". BBC Cornwall. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Patent 2599, 24 March 1802 "Letters (6) 1802–1828 Richard Trevithick/Andrew Vivian". Collections Online. Science Museum. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Iron Road, pp. 40–44
Jump up ^ Westcott, G. F. (1958). The British railway locomotive 1803–1853. London: HMSO. pp. 3 & 11.
Jump up ^ "Early steam locomotives". Locos in Profile. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Photograph from the museum near Telford, UK" (JPG). Static.panoramio.com. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ Kirby, Richard Shelton; Withington, S.; Darling, A. B.; Kilgour, F. G. Engineering in History. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. 175–177. ISBN 0-486-26412-2.
Jump up ^ Rattenbury, Gordon; Lewis, M. J. T. (2004). Merthyr Tydfil Tramroads and their Locomotives. Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. ISBN 0-901461-52-0.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Col. H. C. (1961). Turnpike to Iron Road. London: Seeley, Service & Co. p. 40.
Jump up ^ Kirby, Engineering in History, pp. 274–275
Jump up ^ "Trevithick Monument Continued". trevithicktrail.co.uk. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Westcott G.F. ed, The British railway locomotive 1803–1853, HMSO, London, 1958, p. 9
Jump up ^ "Richard Trevithick". Spartacus Educational online encyclopaedia. Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
Jump up ^ "Timothy Hackworth's Essential Place in Early Locomotive Development", an article by Norman Hill in Railway Archive Number 16, Lightmoor Press, Witney, 2007 page 7. Norman Hill's article provides considerable detail about the Newcastle engine.
Jump up ^ Tyler, N. (2007). "Trevithick's Circle". Trans. Newcomen Soc. (77): 101–113.
Jump up ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Richard Trevithick". Oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ Burton, Anthony (2002). "Coming Home". Richard Trevithick – Giant of Steam. London: Aurum Press. p. 202. ISBN 1-85410-878-6.
Jump up ^ "Dartford Council, East Hill Cemetery page". Dartford.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Trevithick Memorial Statue on Pavement in Front of Library, Camborne, Cornwall". Britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. 1989-09-12. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ "BBC Cornwall – Nature – Camborne History". Bbc.co.uk. 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Dartford Technology: Engineering – Richard Trevithick". Dartfordarchive.org.uk. 1933-04-23. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Trevithick Library". Cardiff.ac.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Richard Trevithick 1". Plaquesoflondon.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Jump up ^ "St. Pinnock – Saints & Angels". Catholic Online. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Richard Trevithick". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Trevithick Society. The Journal of the Trevithick Society, Issues 6–10. Trevithick Society, 1978.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
Sources[edit]
Trevithick, Francis: Life of Richard Trevithick, with an account of his inventions, 2 volumes, London / New York, 1872 (to be found in the library of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IMechE, London).
Burton, Anthony (2000). Richard Trevithick: Giant of Steam. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-878-6.
Hodge, James (2003), Richard Trevithick (Lifelines; 6.) Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire HP27 9AA: Shire Publications
Kirby, Richard Shelton; Withington, S.; Darling, A. B.; Kilgour, F. G. Engineering in History. New York: Dover Publications Inc. ISBN 0-486-26412-2.
Lowe, James W. (1975), British Steam Locomotive Builders. Cambridge: Goose ISBN 0-900404-21-3 (reissued in 1989 by Guild Publishing)
Rogers, Col. H. C. (1961), Turnpike to Iron Road London: Seeley, Service & Co.; pp. 40–44
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Trevithick.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Trevithick, Richard.
The Camborne ‘Trevithick Day’ Website
Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Richard Trevithick
Contributions to the Biography of Richard Trevithick Richard Edmonds, 1859
Richard Trevithick steam engine 1805–06 in the Energy Hall, Science Museum, London
"Trevithick, Richard". Dictionary of National Biography. 1885–1900.
[show]
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 42620219
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick&oldid=826022605"
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text:
List of NFL players by games played
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
All-time most appearances (minimum 200 games played)[edit]
Regular season only: [1] (includes AAFC and AFL games)
Morten Andersen played in more NFL games than any other player.
Positions played
C
Center
G
Guard
NT
Nose Tackle
QB
Quarterback
CB
Cornerback
K
Placekicker
OL
0Off. Lineman0
RB
Running Back
DE
Defensive End
KR
0Kick Returner0
OT
Off. Tackle
S
Safety
DT
0Defensive Tackle0
LB
Linebacker
P
Punter
TE
Tight End
FB
Fullback
LS
Long Snapper
PR
0Punt Returner0
WR
Wide Receiver
If more than one position is listed for a player, the BOLD listing is his primary position. This list is sorted by 1) games played, 2) first year played, 3) last year played and 4) surname.
Bold denotes an active player Most games for that position^ Elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame*
Jason Hanson holds the NFL record of 21 seasons with the same team as placekicker for the Lions.
Kicker Adam Vinatieri leads all active players with over 300 games played.
Jerry Rice played 303 games primarily on offense, an NFL record.
Brett Favre has played the most NFL games at quarterback.
Bruce Matthews (left) played a record 296 games as an offensive lineman. His brother Clay (right) holds the record for games at linebacker.
No one has played more games at the cornerback position than Darrell Green
Jim Marshall holds the record for most games played at defensive end, 282.
Tony Gonzalez holds the longevity record for tight ends with 270 games played.
Lou Groza, who set the standard for longevity, was both a kicker and offensive tackle for 268 games from the 1940s through the 1960s.
David Binn played 256 games as a long snapper, an NFL record.
Rod Woodson leads all kick and punt returners with 238 games played. He was primarily a cornerback and also played safety.
Emmitt Smith played a record 226 games at running back for the Cowboys and Cardinals
Regular Season Games Played
Rank
Name
Position
Period
Games
Updated Through
1 Andersen, MortenMorten Andersen* K ^ 1982–2007 382
2 Anderson, GaryGary Anderson K 1982–2004 353
3 Feagles, JeffJeff Feagles P ^ 1988–2009 352
4 Blanda, GeorgeGeorge Blanda* K, QB 1949–1975 340
5 Vinatieri, AdamAdam Vinatieri K 1996–present 331 week 10
6 Hanson, JasonJason Hanson K 1992–2012 327
7 Rice, JerryJerry Rice* WR ^ 1985–2004 303
8 Carney, JohnJohn Carney K 1988–2010 302
Favre, BrettBrett Favre* QB ^ 1991–2010
10 Kasay, JohnJohn Kasay K 1991–2011 301
11 Stover, MattMatt Stover K 1991–2009 297
12 Matthews, BruceBruce Matthews* OL ^ 1983–2001 296
13 Green, DarrellDarrell Green* CB ^ 1983–2002 295
14 Dawson, PhilPhil Dawson K 1999–present 288 week 10
15 Landeta, SeanSean Landeta P 1985–2005 284
16 Marshall, JimJim Marshall DE ^ 1960–1979 282
17 Junkin, TreyTrey Junkin LS ^ TE, LB 1983–2002 281
18 Smith, BruceBruce Smith* DE 1985–2003 279
Lechler, ShaneShane Lechler P 2000–present week 9
20 Matthews, ClayClay Matthews LB ^ 1978–1996 278
21 Johnson, NormNorm Johnson K 1982–1999 273
22 Gonzalez, TonyTony Gonzalez TE ^ 1997–2013 270
23 Groza, LouLou Groza* K, OT 1946–1967 268
Seau, JuniorJunior Seau* LB 1990–2009
Janikowski, SebastianSebastian Janikowski K 2000–present injured
26 Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning QB 1998–2015 266
27 Stenerud, JanJan Stenerud* K 1967–1985 263
Brown, LomasLomas Brown OT ^ 1985–2002
Elam, JasonJason Elam K 1993–2009
30 Brown, RayRay Brown G ^ 1986–2005 262
31 Lowery, NickNick Lowery K 1978–1996 260
32 Slater, JackieJackie Slater* OT 1976–1995 259
Johnson, LeeLee Johnson P 1985–2002
34 Binn, DavidDavid Binn LS 1994–2010 256
Fletcher, LondonLondon Fletcher LB 1998–2013
36 Morrall, EarlEarl Morrall QB 1956–1976 255
Fryar, IrvingIrving Fryar WR 1984–2000
Brown, TimTim Brown* WR 1988–2004
39 Woodson, CharlesCharles Woodson S ^ 1998–2015 254
40 Kenn, MikeMike Kenn OT 1978–1994 251
41 Leahy, PatPat Leahy K 1974–1991 250
Murray, EddieEddie Murray K 1980–2000
Robinson, EugeneEugene Robinson S 1985–2000
44 Del Greco, AlAl Del Greco K 1984–2000 248
45 Tarkenton, FranFran Tarkenton* QB 1961–1978 246
Van Note, JeffJeff Van Note C ^ 1969–1986
Bush, BlairBlair Bush C ^ 1978–1994
Brady, TomTom Brady QB 2000–present week 9
49 Webster, MikeMike Webster* C 1974–1990 245
Mannelly, PatrickPatrick Mannelly LS 1998–2013
51 Donaldson, RayRay Donaldson C 1980–1996 244
Proehl, RickyRicky Proehl WR 1990–2006
Gardocki, ChrisChris Gardocki P 1991–2006
Turk, MattMatt Turk P 1995–2011
55 Romanowski, BillBill Romanowski LB 1988–2003 243
Peppers, JuliusJulius Peppers DE, LB 2002–present week 9
57 Marino, DanDan Marino* QB 1983–1999 242
Brees, DrewDrew Brees QB 2001–present week 10
59 White, EdEd White G 1969–1985 241
Hentrich, CraigCraig Hentrich P 1994–2009
Mawae, KevinKevin Mawae C 1994–2009
Barber, RondeRonde Barber CB 1997–2012
63 McDole, RonRon McDole DE 1961–1978 240
Tingelhoff, MickMick Tingelhoff* C 1962–1978
Longwell, RyanRyan Longwell K 1997–2012
66 Joiner, CharlieCharlie Joiner* WR 1969–1986 239
Fontenot, JerryJerry Fontenot C 1989–2004
Mohr, ChrisChris Mohr P 1989–2004
Neal, LorenzoLorenzo Neal FB ^ 1993–2008
70 Roby, ReggieReggie Roby P 1983–1998 238
Woodson, RodRod Woodson* CB, KR, PR, S 1987–2003
Barker, BryanBryan Barker P 1990–2005
Maynard, BradBrad Maynard P 1997–2011
74 Akers, DavidDavid Akers K 1998–2013 237
75 Simmons, ClydeClyde Simmons DE 1986–2000 236
Washington, TedTed Washington NT ^ 1991–2007
Albright, EthanEthan Albright LS, C 1995–2010
78 Bahr, MattMatt Bahr K 1979–1995 235
Metzelaars, PetePete Metzelaars TE 1982–1997
Mare, OlindoOlindo Mare K 1997–2012
Leach, MikeMike Leach LS 2000–2015
82 Bakken, JimJim Bakken K 1962–1978 234
Brock, StanStan Brock OT 1980–1995
Elway, JohnJohn Elway* QB 1983–1998
Reed, AndreAndre Reed* WR 1985–2000
Carter, CrisCris Carter* WR 1987–2002
Gammon, KendallKendall Gammon LS 1992–2006
Richardson, TonyTony Richardson FB 1995–2010
Milloy, LawyerLawyer Milloy S 1996–2010
90 Lofton, JamesJames Lofton* WR 1978–1993 233
Stark, RohnRohn Stark P 1982–1997
Testaverde, VinnyVinny Testaverde QB 1987–2007
Taylor, JasonJason Taylor* DE, LB 1997–2011
94 Doleman, ChrisChris Doleman* DE 1985–1999 232
White, ReggieReggie White* DE 1985–2000
Witten, JasonJason Witten TE 2003–present week 10
97 Winters, FrankFrank Winters C 1987–2002 231
98 Farrior, JamesJames Farrior LB 1997–2011 230
Mason, DerrickDerrick Mason WR 1997–2011
100 Christie, SteveSteve Christie K 1990–2004 229
Traylor, KeithKeith Traylor NT 1991–2007
102 Turner, JimJim Turner K 1964–1979 228
Ellard, HenryHenry Ellard WR 1983–1998
Sweeney, JimJim Sweeney C 1984–1999
Greene, KevinKevin Greene* LB 1985–1999
Lewis, RayRay Lewis LB 1996–2012
107 Jackson, RickeyRickey Jackson* LB 1981–1995 227
Jeffcoat, JimJim Jeffcoat DE 1983–1997
McKenzie, RaleighRaleigh McKenzie OL 1985–2000
Wiegmann, CaseyCasey Wiegmann C 1997–2011
111 Krause, PaulPaul Krause* S 1964–1979 226
Smith, EmmittEmmitt Smith* RB ^ 1990–2004
113 Eller, CarlCarl Eller* DE 1964–1979 225
Lewis, AlbertAlbert Lewis CB 1983–1998
Nickerson, HardyHardy Nickerson LB 1987–2002
Brooking, KeithKeith Brooking LB 1998–2012
117 Hadl, JohnJohn Hadl QB 1962–1977 224
Jones, Ed "Too Tall"Ed "Too Tall" Jones DE 1974–1989
Hairston, CarlCarl Hairston DE, DT 1976–1990
Monk, ArtArt Monk* WR 1980–1995
Royals, MarkMark Royals P 1987–2003
Stryzinski, DanDan Stryzinski P 1990–2003
Shields, WillWill Shields* G 1993–2006
Lynch, JohnJohn Lynch S 1993–2007
Brooks, DerrickDerrick Brooks* LB 1995–2008
Carter, KevinKevin Carter DE 1995–2008
Dawkins, BrianBrian Dawkins S 1996–2011
128 Montoya, MaxMax Montoya G 1979–1994 223
Mitchell, BrianBrian Mitchell KR^, PR 1990–2003
Bruce, IsaacIsaac Bruce WR 1994–2009
131 Allen, MarcusMarcus Allen* RB 1982–1997 222
McDaniel, RandallRandall McDaniel* G 1988–2001
133 Smith, JustinJustin Smith DE 2001–2014 221
134 Tupa, TomTom Tupa P, QB 1988–2004 220
Moore, DaveDave Moore TE, LS 1992–2006
Whitfield, BobBob Whitfield OT 1992–2006
137 Randle, JohnJohn Randle* DT ^ 1990–2003 219
Zgonina, JeffJeff Zgonina DT ^ 1993–2009
Gandy, WayneWayne Gandy OT 1994–2008
Owens, TerrellTerrell Owens WR 1996–2010
Spikes, TakeoTakeo Spikes LB 1998–2012
Raiola, DominicDominic Raiola C 2001–2014
Smith, Sr., SteveSteve Smith, Sr. WR 2001–2016
144 Jurgensen, SonnySonny Jurgensen* QB 1957–1974 218
Page, AlanAlan Page* DT 1967–1981
Ritcher, JimJim Ritcher OL 1980–1995
Nash, JoeJoe Nash NT, DT 1982–1996
Turk, DanDan Turk LS 1985–1999
Moss, RandyRandy Moss WR 1998–2012
150 Wilson, JerrelJerrel Wilson P 1963–1978 217
Upshaw, GeneGene Upshaw* G 1967–1981
Morriss, GuyGuy Morriss OL 1973–1987
Bates, BillBill Bates S 1983–1997
Allen, EricEric Allen CB 1988–2001
Ward, HinesHines Ward WR 1998–2011
156 Butz, DaveDave Butz DT 1973–1988 216
Brown, DaveDave Brown CB 1975–1989
Talley, DarrylDarryl Talley LB 1983–1996
Stone, DwightDwight Stone KR, WR 1987–2000
Strahan, MichaelMichael Strahan* DE 1993–2007
161 Hendricks, TedTed Hendricks* LB 1969–1983 215
Coleman, MonteMonte Coleman LB 1979–1994
Kidd, JohnJohn Kidd P 1984–1998
Bailey, ChampChamp Bailey CB 1999–2013
Bryant, MattMatt Bryant K 2002–present week 10
166 Crockett, RayRay Crockett CB 1989–2002 214
Holliday, VonnieVonnie Holliday DE 1998–2012
Newman, TerenceTerence Newman CB 2003–present week 10
169 Johnson, JimmyJimmy Johnson* CB 1961–1976 213
Fischer, PatPat Fischer CB 1961–1977
Moseley, MarkMark Moseley K 1970–1986
McMichael, SteveSteve McMichael DT 1980–1994
Krieg, DaveDave Krieg QB 1980–1998
Gogan, KevinKevin Gogan G 1987–2000
Thomas, HenryHenry Thomas DT 1987–2000
Steussie, ToddTodd Steussie OL 1994–2007
Gates, AntonioAntonio Gates TE 2003–present week 10
178 Gossett, JeffJeff Gossett P 1981–1996 212
Holman, RodneyRodney Holman TE 1982–1995
Hansen, BrianBrian Hansen P 1984–1999
Armstrong, BruceBruce Armstrong OT 1987–2000
Phifer, RomanRoman Phifer LB 1991–2005
McGinest, WillieWillie McGinest LB 1994–2008
Lindell, RianRian Lindell K 2000–2013
Freeney, DwightDwight Freeney DE 2002–present week 10
186 Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas* QB 1956–1973 211
Dawson, LenLen Dawson* QB 1957–1975
Hill, DrewDrew Hill WR 1979–1993
Byner, EarnestEarnest Byner RB 1984–1997
West, EdEd West TE 1984–1997
Dellenbach, JeffJeff Dellenbach C 1985–1999
Armstrong, TraceTrace Armstrong DE 1989–2003
Williams, AeneasAeneas Williams* CB, S 1991–2004
Saturday, JeffJeff Saturday C 1999–2012
Feely, JayJay Feely K 2001–2014
Wayne, ReggieReggie Wayne WR 2001–2014
Fitzgerald, LarryLarry Fitzgerald WR 2004–present week 10
198 Otto, JimJim Otto* C 1960–1974 210
Cox, FredFred Cox K 1963–1977
Smith, JackieJackie Smith* TE 1963–1978
Bethea, ElvinElvin Bethea* DE 1968–1983
Bahr, ChrisChris Bahr K 1976–1989
Birk, MattMatt Birk C 1998–2012
Manning, EliEli Manning QB 2004–present week 10
Lee, AndyAndy Lee P 2004–present week 10
206 White, RandyRandy White* DT 1975–1988 209
Tuggle, JessieJessie Tuggle LB 1987–2000
Buckley, TerrellTerrell Buckley CB 1992–2005
McCardell, KeenanKeenan McCardell WR 1992–2007
Hasselbeck, MattMatt Hasselbeck QB 1999–2015
Meester, BradBrad Meester C 2000–2013
212 Rohde, LenLen Rohde OT 1960–1974 208
Olsen, MerlinMerlin Olsen* DT 1962–1976
Jackson, HaroldHarold Jackson WR 1968–1983
Clayborn, RaymondRaymond Clayborn CB 1977–1991
Moon, WarrenWarren Moon* QB 1984–2000
Patton, MarvcusMarvcus Patton LB 1990–2002
Pritchett, KelvinKelvin Pritchett DT 1991–2004
Gray, ChrisChris Gray G 1993–2007
Young, BryantBryant Young DT, DE 1994–2007
Jennings, BrianBrian Jennings LS 2000–2012
222 Morton, CraigCraig Morton QB 1965–1982 207
Rasmussen, RandyRandy Rasmussen G 1967–1981
Shell, ArtArt Shell* OT 1968–1982
Yary, RonRon Yary* OT 1968–1982
Riley, KenKen Riley CB 1969–1983
Guy, RayRay Guy* P 1973–1986
Daniel, EugeneEugene Daniel CB 1984–1997
Cross, HowardHoward Cross TE 1989–2001
Coleman, MarcoMarco Coleman DE 1992–2005
Vincent, TroyTroy Vincent CB, S 1992–2006
Runyan, JonJon Runyan OT 1996–2009
Robinson, BryanBryan Robinson DE 1997–2010
Pickett, RyanRyan Pickett DT 2001–2014
Jones , DonnieDonnie Jones P 2004–present week 10
236 Cowan, CharlieCharlie Cowan OT 1961–1975 206
Adams, JuliusJulius Adams DE 1971–1987
Wersching, RayRay Wersching K 1973–1987
Williams, ReggieReggie Williams LB 1976–1989
DeBerg, SteveSteve DeBerg QB 1978–1998
Bennett, CorneliusCornelius Bennett LB 1987–2000
Hasty, JamesJames Hasty CB 1988–2001
Wisniewski, SteveSteve Wisniewski G 1989–2001
Mathis, TeranceTerance Mathis WR 1990–2002
Adams, SamSam Adams DT 1994–2007
Vrabel, MikeMike Vrabel LB 1997–2010
Faneca, AlanAlan Faneca G 1998–2010
Garza, RobertoRoberto Garza G, C 2001–2014
Suggs, TerrellTerrell Suggs LB 2003–present week 10
250 Atkins, DougDoug Atkins* DE 1953–1969 205
Dalby, DaveDave Dalby C 1972–1985
Jennings, DaveDave Jennings P 1974–1987
Glasgow, NesbyNesby Glasgow S 1979–1992
Camarillo, RichRich Camarillo P 1981–1996
Horan, MikeMike Horan P 1984–1999
Hellestrae, DaleDale Hellestrae LS 1985–2001
Glenn, AaronAaron Glenn CB 1994–2008
Sharper, DarrenDarren Sharper S 1997–2010
Driver, DonaldDonald Driver WR 1999–2012
Dansby, KarlosKarlos Dansby LB 2004–present week 10
261 Tittle, Y. A.Y. A. Tittle* QB 1948–1964 204
Alderman, GradyGrady Alderman OT 1960–1974
Brown, WillieWillie Brown* CB 1963–1978
Wilkerson, DougDoug Wilkerson G 1970–1984
Washington, LionelLionel Washington CB 1983–1997
Clifton, KyleKyle Clifton LB 1984–1996
Ross, KevinKevin Ross CB 1984–1997
Sharpe, ShannonShannon Sharpe* TE 1990–2003
269 Dieken, DougDoug Dieken OT 1971–1984 203
Rafferty, TomTom Rafferty OL 1976–1989
Clarke, KenKen Clarke NT, DT 1978–1991
Dent, RichardRichard Dent* DE 1983–1997
Jackson, JohnJohn Jackson OT 1988–2001
Allen, LarryLarry Allen* G 1994–2007
Law, TyTy Law CB 1995–2009
Kyle, JasonJason Kyle LS 1995–2010
Williams, KevinKevin Williams DT 2003–2015
Muhlbach, DonDon Muhlbach LS 2003–present week 9
279 Hickerson, GeneGene Hickerson* G 1958–1973 202
Scibelli, JoeJoe Scibelli G 1961–1975
McGee, TonyTony McGee DE 1971–1984
Youngblood, JackJack Youngblood* DE 1971–1984
Schreiber, AdamAdam Schreiber LS, G 1984–1999
Burnett, RobRob Burnett DE 1990–2003
Pleasant, AnthonyAnthony Pleasant DE, DT 1990–2003
Robinson, JeffJeff Robinson DE, TE, LS 1993–2009
Muhammad, MuhsinMuhsin Muhammad WR 1996–2009
Moorman, BrianBrian Moorman P 2001–2013
Boldin, AnquanAnquan Boldin WR 2003–2016
290 Brodie, JohnJohn Brodie QB 1957–1973 201
Hart, JimJim Hart QB 1966–1984
Shell, DonnieDonnie Shell S 1974–1987
Martin, GeorgeGeorge Martin DE 1975–1988
Studwell, ScottScott Studwell LB 1977–1990
Irwin, TimTim Irwin OT 1981–1994
Jones, SeanSean Jones DE 1984–1996
Strong, MackMack Strong FB 1994–2007
Daniels, PhillipPhillip Daniels DE 1996–2010
Brown , JoshJosh Brown K 2003–2016
Dorenbos, JonJon Dorenbos LS 2003–2016
301 Walker, WayneWayne Walker LB, K 1958–1972 200
Washington, RussRuss Washington OT, DT 1968–1982
Blount, MelMel Blount* CB 1970–1983
Largent, SteveSteve Largent* WR 1976–1989
Smerlas, FredFred Smerlas NT 1979–1992
Lingner, AdamAdam Lingner LS 1983–1995
Kragen, GregGreg Kragen NT 1985–1997
Phillips, JoeJoe Phillips NT, DT, DE 1986–1999
Lewis, MoMo Lewis LB 1991–2003
Wilkins, JeffJeff Wilkins K 1994–2007
Izzo, LarryLarry Izzo LB 1996–2009
Williams, PatPat Williams DT 1997–2010
Snow, JustinJustin Snow LS 2000–2012
Denney, JohnJohn Denney LS 2005–present week 9
See also[edit]
List of most consecutive starts and games played by National Football League players
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NFL players with at least 200 games played". Pro football reference.com. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
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Alexander Siddig
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This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Alexander Siddig
Siddig at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival
Born
Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Abdurrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdul Karim El Mahdi
(1965-11-21) 21 November 1965 (age 52)
Wad Madani, Gezira, Sudan[1]
Other names
Siddig El Fadil
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1987–present
Spouse(s)
Nana Visitor
(m. 1997; div. 2001)
Children
1
Website
sidcity.net
Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Abderrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Karim El Mahdi (Arabic: صدّيق الطاهر الفاضل الصدّيق عبدالرحمن محمد أحمد عبدالكريم المهدي Ṣiddīq aṭ-Ṭāhir al-Fāḍil aṣ-Ṣiddīq ʿAbd ar-Raḥman Muḥammad ʾAḥmad ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Mahdī; born 21 November 1965) is a British-Sudanese actor.
He is known by the stage names Siddig El Fadil through the mid-1990s and Alexander Siddig since. He is known for playing Dr. Julian Bashir in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Philip Burton in Primeval, Carthaginian general Hannibal in Hannibal – Rome's Worst Nightmare, King Minos in Atlantis, and Prince Doran Martell in Game of Thrones, and for his performances as Prince Nasir Al-Subaai in Syriana (2005), Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani in Kingdom of Heaven (2005), and Tareq Khalifa in Cairo Time, as well as the sixth season of 24. He is also appearing in Gotham as Ra's al Ghul.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television series
4.3 Other appearances
5 References
5.1 Citations
5.2 Sources
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Siddig was born in Sudan,[2] but has spent most of his life in England.[3] He was born to an English mother who worked as a theatrical consultant[4] and a Sudanese father.
His maternal uncle is English actor Malcolm McDowell, with whom he appeared in 2008 in Neil Marshall's Doomsday, and his paternal uncle is the former Sudanese Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi. He is a great-great-great-grandson of Sudanese leader Muhammad Ahmad. He attended St Lawrence College, Ramsgate, Kent. Western culture required a surname, so El Fadil was taken from Sid’s grandfather and was adopted as his surname when he moved back to England. He was credited under the shortened name Siddig El Fadil until October 1995. Three seasons into his run on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, he changed his stage name to Alexander Siddig (stating he chose Alexander to honor his English heritage from his mother's side, and because he felt the name came without religious implications).[5]
Career[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Siddig attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) to study acting and, after leaving LAMDA, did a season of stage work in Manchester. He also worked as a director in a small theatre in London. Siddig first appeared to television audiences as Prince Feisal in A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia, the 1990 TV sequel to Lawrence of Arabia.
Siddig's performance in A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia (1992) brought him to the attention of Rick Berman, who was creating the new series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993). Although he originally auditioned for the role of Commander Benjamin Sisko, Berman decided Siddig was too young for the role and cast him as Dr. Julian Bashir instead. The part had to be slightly rewritten for Siddig as the original "bible" had called for a Hispanic male named Julian Amoros to play the part, although Berman reports that no other actors were considered for the role.
Since the end of the seven seasons of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Siddig appeared as an Algerian secret agent on the trail of Islamists in the controversial episode "Nest of Angels" of the British television show Spooks (known as MI-5 in the US) in 2003. In 2005, he appeared as Saladin's aide, Imad, in Ridley Scott's film Kingdom of Heaven. He gave a critically lauded performance as Prince Nasir in Syriana, alongside George Clooney and Matt Damon.
He played the title role in 2006's Hannibal – Rome's Worst Nightmare for the BBC (UK). Early 2007, Siddig joined the cast of Un Homme Perdu (aka A Lost Man) and he returned to American television in the role of former terrorist Hamri Al-Assad for the sixth season of 24. In 2009, he co-starred with Patricia Clarkson in the award-winning film Cairo Time (2009) as Tareq Khalifa, an Egyptian who battles his attraction to his friend's wife.
In August 2010, he expressed his doubts about resurrecting his character, Dr. Julian Bashir, from Deep Space Nine, stating that he has "other ambitions".[6]
In 2013, Siddig appeared as a Syrian-Canadian in the IFC film Inescapable with Marisa Tomei and Joshua Jackson,[7] and as King Minos in the BBC show Atlantis.[8]
In 2015 appeared in HBO series Game of Thrones in season 5 and season 6 as Doran Martell, the ruling Prince of Dorne.[9]
Siddig's roles have often called for him to act out many different accents: he used received pronunciation (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), Cockney (Reign of Fire), and an Algerian accent (Spooks) among others. He has also given performances in Arabic as the role required (Spooks, Syriana, 24, Inescapable, Un Homme Perdu) as well as French (Un Homme Perdu).
Personal life[edit]
Siddig met Nana Visitor on the set of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.[2] In 1996, Siddig and his co-star Nana Visitor started dating and the couple were married June 1997; their son, Django El Tahir El Siddig, was born on 16 September 1996. They divorced in 2001.[10]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
At TrekExpo in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on 25 June 2005
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1987 Sammy and Rosie Get Laid Partygoer
1992 A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia Emir Feisal I TV film
2000 Vertical Limit Kareem Nazir
2002 Reign of Fire Ajay
2004 The Hamburg Cell Khalid Sheikh Mohammed TV film
2005 Kingdom of Heaven Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani
2005 Syriana Prince Nasir Al-Subaai
2006 Hannibal – Rome's Worst Nightmare Hannibal TV movie
2007 The Nativity Story Angel Gabriel
2007 The Last Legion Theodorus Andronikus
2008 A Lost Man Fouad Saleh
2008 Doomsday Hatcher
2008 Espion(s) Malik
2009 Cairo Time Tareq Khalifa
2010 Miral Miral's father
2010 4.3.2.1. Robert
2010 Clash of the Titans Hermes
2012 Inescapable Adib Abdel-Kareem
2013 The Fifth Estate Dr. Tarek Haliseh
2013 May in the Summer Ziad
2017 Submergence Dr. Shadid
Television series[edit]
Year
Production
Role
Notes
1992 Big Battalions Yousef TV miniseries, 1 episode
1993–1999 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Dr Julian Bashir Credited as Siddig El Fadil (1993-1995)
1993 Star Trek: The Next Generation Dr Julian Bashir Episode: "Birthright"
2003 Spooks
(titled MI-5 in the US and France) Ibhn Khaldun Episode: "Nest of Angels"
2005 Agatha Christie's Poirot Mr. Shaitana Episode: "Cards on the Table"
2007 24 Hamri Al-Assad 7 episodes
2008 Merlin Kanan Episode: "The Moment of Truth"
2009 Waking the Dead Dr Mohammed 2 episodes ("Endgame, Part 1" and "Endgame, Part 2")[11]
2010 Strike Back Zahir Sharq 2 episodes ("Part 5" and "Part 6", Sky1 TV series)
2011 Primeval Philip Burton Episode 24–36 (series 4 & 5)[12]
2012 True Love Ismail Episode: "Sandra"
2013–2014 Da Vinci's Demons Al-Rahim 13 episodes
2013 Wild Arabia Narrator Documentary
2013 Atlantis Minos 8 episodes
2015–2016 Game of Thrones Doran Martell 6 episodes
Season 5–6[13]
2015 Tut Amun
2015 Bar Rescue Himself Episode: "Brokedown Palace"
2016 Peaky Blinders Ruben Oliver
2017 The Kennedys: After Camelot Aristotle Onassis
2017–2018 Gotham Ra's al Ghul guest star season 3; main cast member season 4
2018 The Spy
Other appearances[edit]
ExtraOrdinary as King Tut (1979, uncredited and non-speaking role)[14]
James Cameron's Titanic Explorer video game (1997) – various voices
Whose Life Is It Anyway?, stage play (2005) in London – Dr Scott
Family Guy season 4, episode 2, "Patriot Games" (2006) – Voice of one of the London Silly Nannies
Doctor Who audioplays "Sisters of the Flame" and "Vengeance of Morbius" (both 2008) – Rosto; "The Wreck of the Titan" (2010) – Captain ; "1001 Nights" (2012) – Sultan
Holy Warriors, stage play (2014) in London - Saladin
Bar Rescue (2015) – Guest in season 4 episode "Brokedown Palace"
Tumanbay, radio drama (2015) on BBC Radio 4 – Wolf
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ ألكسندر صديق... سوداني مشهور في بريطانيا ومغمور في وطنه
^ Jump up to: a b Lipton, Michael A. (15 July 1996). "A Family Enterprise". People. United States: Meredith Corporation. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Garcia & Phillips 2008, p. 271.
Jump up ^ "Alexander Siddig biography". Film Reference Library. TIFF Bell Lightbox: International Federation of Film Archives. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
Jump up ^ https://www.trektoday.com/news/070705_03.shtml
Jump up ^ "Siddig: No More Deep Space Nine". Collider.com. 9 August 2010. Archived from the original on 17 August 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Mintzer, Joshua (11 September 2012). "Inescapable: Toronto Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "BBC One programme information". Retrieved 24 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones season five cast announced at Comic Con!". Watchers On The Wall. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
Jump up ^ StarTrek.com Staff (5 August 2010). "Exclusive Interview with Alexander Siddig". StarTrek.com. United States: CBS Studios Inc. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "BBC Programme Information: Week 39". BBC Press Office. Retrieved on 10 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Primeval is back on ITV1 – ITV Press Centre". Itv.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Friedlander, Whitney (25 July 2014). "'Game of Thrones' Announces New Cast Members". Variety. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Alexander Siddig on being Bashir, quitting 24, and getting saddle-sore for Ridley Scott".
Sources[edit]
Garcia, Frank; Phillips, Mark (2008). Science Fiction Television Series, 1990-2004 (Illustrated ed.). New York City: McFarland & Company. p. 271. ISBN 978-0786424832.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexander Siddig.
Official website
Alexander Siddig on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb140417806 (data)
GND: 1012610136
ISNI: 0000 0001 2023 4291
LCCN: no98107634
SNAC: w61v65gc
SUDOC: 138774218
VIAF: 32198963
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Siddig&oldid=856699289"
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