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Ramadan
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This article is about religious observances during the month of Ramadan. For the actual calendar month, see Ramadan (calendar month). For other uses, see Ramadan (disambiguation).
رمضان
Ramadan
A crescent moon can be seen over palm trees at sunset in Manama, marking the beginning of the Islamic month of Ramadan in Bahrain
Observed by
Muslims
Type
Religious
Celebrations
Community iftars and Community prayers
Observances
sawm (fasting)
zakat and sadaqah (alms giving)
taraweeh prayer (Sunni Muslims)
Commemorating Nights of al-Qadr (Shia Muslims)
reading the Quran
abstaining from all bad deeds and staying humble
Begins
1 Ramadan
Ends
29, or 30 Ramadan
Date
Variable (follows the Islamic lunar calendar)
2017 date
27 May – 24 June (Umm al-Qura)[1][2]
2018 date
16 May – 14 June[1]
2019 date
6 May – 3 June[1]
Frequency
every 12 moons (lunar months)
Related to
Eid al-Fitr, Laylat al-Qadr
Ramadan (/ˌræməˈdɑːn/; Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān, IPA: [ramaˈdˤaːn];[note 1] also romanized as Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar,[3] and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.[4][5] This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.[6] The month lasts 29–30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths.[7][8]
The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramiḍa or ar-ramaḍ, which means scorching heat or dryness.[9] Fasting is fard (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling, are elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic, chronically ill or menstruating.[10] Fasting the month of Ramadan was made obligatory (wājib) during the month of Sha'ban, in the second year after the Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina. Fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a natural phenomenon such as the midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca,[11] but the more commonly accepted opinion is that Muslims in those areas should follow the timetable of the closest country to them in which night can be distinguished from day.[12][13][14]
While fasting from dawn until sunset, Muslims refrain from consuming food, drinking liquids, smoking, and engaging in sexual relations. Muslims are also instructed to refrain from sinful behavior that may negate the reward of fasting, such as false speech (insulting, backbiting, cursing, lying, etc.) and fighting except in self-defense.[15][16] Food and drinks are served daily, before dawn and after sunset, referred to as Suhoor and Iftar respectively.[17][18] Spiritual rewards (thawab) for fasting are also believed to be multiplied within the month of Ramadan.[19] Fasting for Muslims during Ramadan typically includes the increased offering of salat (prayers), recitation of the Quran[20][21] and an increase of doing good deeds and charity.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Important dates
2.1 Beginning
2.2 Night of Power
2.3 End
3 Religious practices
3.1 Fasting
3.1.1 Suhur
3.1.2 Iftar
3.2 Charity
3.3 Nightly prayers
3.4 Recitation of the Quran
4 Cultural practices
5 Penalties for infraction
5.1 Other legal issues
6 Education
7 Health
7.1 Renal disease
8 Crime rates
9 Ramadan in polar regions
10 Employment during Ramadan
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 External links
History[edit]
Chapter 2, Verse 185, of the Quran states:
The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, a number of other days. Allah desires for you ease; He desires not hardship for you; and that you should complete the period, and that you should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that perhaps you may be thankful.[Quran 2:185]
It is believed that the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad during the month of Ramadan which has been referred to as the "best of times". The first revelation was sent down on Laylat al-Qadr (The night of Power) which is one of the five odd nights of the last ten days of Ramadan.[22] According to hadith, all holy scriptures were sent down during Ramadan. The tablets of Ibrahim, the Torah, the Psalms, the Gospel and the Quran were sent down on 1st, 6th, 12th, 13th[note 2] and 24th Ramadan respectively.[23]
According to the Quran, fasting was also obligatory for prior nations, and is a way to attain taqwa, fear of God.[24][Quran 2:183] God proclaimed to Muhammad that fasting for His sake was not a new innovation in monotheism, but rather an obligation practiced by those truly devoted to the oneness of God.[25] The pagans of Mecca also fasted, but only on tenth day of Muharram to expiate sins and avoid droughts.[26]
The ruling to observe fasting during Ramadan was sent down 18 months after Hijra, during the month of Sha'ban in the second year of Hijra in 624 CE.[23]
Abu Zanad, an Arabic writer from Iraq who lived after the founding of Islam, in around 747 CE, wrote that at least one Mandaean community located in al-Jazira (modern northern Iraq) observed Ramadan before converting to Islam.[27][not in citation given]
According to historian Philip Jenkins, Ramadan comes "from the strict Lenten discipline of the Syrian Churches", a postulation corroborated by other scholars, such as the theologian Paul-Gordon Chandler.[28][29] This suggestion is based on the orientalist idea that the Qur'an itself has Syriac Christian origins, a claim to which some Muslim academics such as M. Al-Azami, object.[30]
Important dates[edit]
The beginning and end of Ramadan are determined by the lunar Islamic calendar.
Beginning[edit]
Ramadan beginning dates between Gregorian years 1938 and 2038.
Hilāl (the crescent) is typically a day (or more) after the astronomical new moon. Since the new moon marks the beginning of the new month, Muslims can usually safely estimate the beginning of Ramadan.[31] However, to many Muslims, this is not in accordance with authenticated Hadiths stating that visual confirmation per region is recommended. The consistent variations of a day have existed since the time of Muhammad.[32]
Night of Power[edit]
Main article: Laylat al-Qadr
The Arabic Laylat al-Qadr, translated to English is "the night of power" or "the night of decree", is considered the holiest night of the year.[33][34] This is the night in which Muslims believe the first revelation of the Quran was sent down to Muhammad stating that this night was "better than one thousand months [of proper worship], as stated in Chapter 97:3 of the Qu'ran.
Also, generally, Laylat al-Qadr is believed to have occurred on an odd-numbered night during the last ten days of Ramadan, i.e., the night of the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th. The Dawoodi Bohra Community believe that the 23rd night is laylat al Qadr.[35] [36]
End[edit]
Main articles: Eid al-Fitr and Eid prayers
The holiday of Eid al-Fitr (Arabic:عيد الفطر) marks the end of Ramadan and the beginning of the next lunar month, Shawwal. This first day of the following month is declared after another crescent new moon has been sighted or the completion of 30 days of fasting if no visual sighting is possible due to weather conditions. This first day of Shawwal is called Eid al-Fitr. Eid al-Fitr may also be a reference towards the festive nature of having endured the month of fasting successfully and returning to the more natural disposition (fitra) of being able to eat, drink and resume intimacy with spouses during the day..[37]
Religious practices[edit]
Azim Azimzade. Ramadan of the poor people. 1938
The common practice during Ramadan is fasting from dawn to sunset. The pre-dawn meal before the fast is called the suhur, while the meal at sunset that breaks the fast is the iftar. Considering the high diversity of the global Muslim population, it is impossible to describe typical suhur or iftar meals.
Muslims also engage in increased prayer and charity during Ramadan. Ramadan is also a month where Muslims try to practice increased self-discipline. This is motivated by the Hadith, especially in Al-Bukhari[38] and Muslim,[39] that "When Ramadan arrives, the gates of Paradise are opened and the gates of hell are locked up and devils are put in chains."[40]
Fasting[edit]
Main article: Sawm of Ramadan
Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, improvement and increased devotion and worship. Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam. The fast (sawm) begins at dawn and ends at sunset. In addition to abstaining from eating and drinking, Muslims also increase restraint, such as abstaining from sexual relations[2] and generally sinful speech and behavior. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities, its purpose being to cleanse the soul by freeing it from harmful impurities. Ramadan also teaches Muslims how to better practice self-discipline, self-control,[41] sacrifice, and empathy for those who are less fortunate; thus encouraging actions of generosity and compulsory charity (zakat).[42]
It becomes compulsory for Muslims to start fasting when they reach puberty, so long as they are healthy and sane, and have no disabilities or illnesses. Many children endeavour to complete as many fasts as possible as practice for later life.
Exemptions to fasting are travel, menstruation, severe illness, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. However, many Muslims with medical conditions insist on fasting to satisfy their spiritual needs, although it is not recommended by the hadith. Professionals should closely monitor such individuals who decide to persist with fasting.[43] Those who were unable to fast still must make up the days missed later.[44]
Suhur[edit]
Main article: Suhur
Iftar at Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey
Each day, before dawn, Muslims observe a pre-fast meal called the suhur. After stopping a short time before dawn, Muslims begin the first prayer of the day, Fajr.[45][46]
Iftar[edit]
Main article: Iftar
At sunset, families hasten for the fast-breaking meal known as iftar. Dates are usually the first food to break the fast; according to tradition, Muhammad broke fast with three dates. Following that, Muslims generally adjourn for the Maghrib prayer, the fourth of the five daily prayers, after which the main meal is served.[47]
Social gatherings, many times in a buffet style, are frequent at iftar. Traditional dishes are often highlighted, including traditional desserts, and particularly those made only during Ramadan. Water is usually the beverage of choice, but juice and milk are also often available, as are soft drinks and caffeinated beverages.[43]
In the Middle East, the iftar meal consists of water, juices, dates, salads and appetizers, one or more main dishes, and various kinds of desserts. Usually, the dessert is the most important part during iftar. Typical main dishes are lamb stewed with wheat berries, lamb kebabs with grilled vegetables, or roast chicken served with chickpea-studded rice pilaf. A rich dessert, such as luqaimat, baklava or kunafeh (a buttery, syrup-sweetened kadaifi noodle pastry filled with cheese), concludes the meal.[48]
Over time, iftar has grown into banquet festivals. This is a time of fellowship with families, friends and surrounding communities, but may also occupy larger spaces at masjid or banquet halls for 100 or more diners.[49]
Charity[edit]
Main articles: Zakāt and Sadaqah
Men praying during Ramadan at the Shrine of Ali or "Blue Mosque" in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan
Charity is very important in Islam, and even more so during Ramadan. Zakāt, often translated as "the poor-rate", is obligatory as one of the pillars of Islam; a fixed percentage of the person's savings is required to be given to the poor. Sadaqah is voluntary charity in giving above and beyond what is required from the obligation of zakāt. In Islam, all good deeds are more handsomely rewarded during Ramadan than in any other month of the year. Consequently, many will choose this time to give a larger portion, if not all, of the zakāt that they are obligated to give. In addition, many will also use this time to give a larger portion of sadaqah in order to maximize the reward that will await them at the Last Judgment.[citation needed]
Nightly prayers[edit]
Main article: Tarawih
Tarawih (Arabic: تراويح) refers to extra prayers performed by Muslims at night in the Islamic month of Ramadan. Contrary to popular belief, they are not compulsory.[50] However, many Muslims pray these prayers in the evening during Ramadan. Some scholars[who?] maintain that Tarawih is neither fard or a Sunnah, but is the preponed Tahajjud (night prayer) prayer shifted to post-Isha' for the ease of believers. But a majority of Sunni scholars regard the Tarawih prayers as Sunnat al-Mu'akkadah, a salaat that was performed by the Islamic prophet Muhammad very consistently.
Recitation of the Quran[edit]
In addition to fasting, Muslims are encouraged to read the entire Quran. Some Muslims perform the recitation of the entire Quran by means of special prayers, called Tarawih. These voluntary prayers are held in the mosques every night of the month, during which a whole section of the Quran (juz', which is 1/30 of the Quran) is recited. Therefore, the entire Quran would be completed at the end of the month. Although it is not required to read the whole Quran in the Tarawih prayers, it is common.
Cultural practices[edit]
Striking the bedug in Indonesia
Fanous Ramadan decorations in Cairo, Egypt
Ramadan in the Old City of Jerusalem
In some Muslim countries today, lights are strung up in public squares, and across city streets, to add to the festivities of the month. Lanterns have become symbolic decorations welcoming the month of Ramadan. In a growing number of countries, they are hung on city streets.[51][52][53] The tradition of lanterns as a decoration becoming associated with Ramadan is believed to have originated during the Fatimid Caliphate primarily centered in Egypt, where Caliph al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah was greeted by people holding lanterns to celebrate his ruling. From that time, lanterns were used to light mosques and houses throughout the capital city of Cairo. Shopping malls, places of business, and people's homes can be seen with stars and crescents and various lighting effects, as well.
As the nation with the world's largest Muslim population, Indonesia has diverse Ramadan traditions. On the island of Java, many Javanese Indonesians bathe in holy springs to prepare for fasting, a ritual known as Padusan. The city of Semarang marks the beginning of Ramadan with the Dugderan carnival, which involves parading the Warak ngendog, a horse-dragon hybrid creature allegedly inspired by the Buraq. In the Chinese-influenced capital city of Jakarta, fire crackers were traditionally used to wake people up for morning prayer, until the 19th century. Towards the end of Ramadan, most employees receive a one-month bonus known as Tunjangan Hari Raya. Certain kinds of food are especially popular during Ramadan, such as beef in Aceh, and snails in Central Java. The iftar meal is announced every evening by striking the bedug, a giant drum, in the mosque.
Common greetings during Ramadan are "Ramadan Mubarak" or "Ramadan Kareem", which wish the recipient a blessed or generous Ramadan.[54]
Penalties for infraction[edit]
In some Muslim countries, failing to fast during Ramadan is considered a crime and is prosecuted as such. For instance, in Algeria, in October 2008 the court of Biskra condemned six people to four years in prison and heavy fines.[55]
In Kuwait, according to law number 44 of 1968, the penalty is a fine of no more than 100 Kuwaiti dinars, (about US$330, GB£260 in May 2017) or jail for no more than one month, or both penalties, for those seen eating, drinking or smoking during Ramadan daytime.[56][57] In some places in the U.A.E., eating or drinking in public during the daytime of Ramadan is considered a minor offence and would be punished by up to 150 hours of community service.[58] In neighbouring Saudi Arabia, described by The Economist as taking Ramadan "more seriously than anywhere else",[59] there are harsher punishments including flogging, imprisonment and, for foreigners, deportation.[60] In Malaysia, however, there are no such punishments.
In 2014 in Kermanshah, Iran, a non-Muslim was sentenced to having his lips burnt with a cigarette and five Muslims were publicly flogged with 70 stripes for eating during Ramadan.[61][unreliable source?]
Other legal issues[edit]
Some countries have laws that amend work schedules during Ramadan. Under U.A.E. labor law, the maximum working hours are to be 6 hours per day and 36 hours per week. Qatar, Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait have similar laws.[62]
In Egypt, alcohol sales are banned during Ramadan.[63]
Education[edit]
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the UK and Berlin and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Schools all over the world criticize Ramadan. Not eating or drinking can lead to concentration problems and bad grades.[64][65]
Health[edit]
Ramadan fasting is safe for healthy people, but those with medical conditions should seek medical advice.[66] The fasting period is usually associated with modest weight loss, but the weight tends to return afterwards.[67]
Renal disease[edit]
A review of the literature by an Iranian group suggested fasting during Ramadan might produce renal injury in patients with moderate (GFR <60 ml/min) or worse kidney disease, but was not injurious to renal transplant patients with good function or most stone-forming patients.[68]
Crime rates[edit]
The correlation of Ramadan with crime rates is mixed: some statistics show that crime rates drop during Ramadan, while others show that it rises. Decreases in crime rates have been reported by the police in some cities in Turkey (Istanbul[69] and Konya[70]) and the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.[71] A 2012 study showed that crime rates decreased in Iran during Ramadan, and that the decrease was statistically significant.[72] A 2005 study found that there was a decrease in assault, robbery and alcohol-related crimes during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia, but only the decrease in alcohol-related crimes was statistically significant.[73] Increases in crime rates during Ramadan have been reported in Turkey,[74] Jakarta,[75][76][77] parts of Algeria,[78] Yemen[79] and Egypt.[80]
Various mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of Ramadan on crime:
An Iranian cleric argues that fasting during Ramadan makes people less likely to commit crimes due to spiritual reasons.[81] Gamal al-Banna argues that fasting can stress people out, which can make them more likely to commit crimes. He criticized Muslims who commit crimes while fasting during Ramadan as "fake and superficial".[80]
Police in Saudi Arabia attributed a drop in crime rates to the "spiritual mood prevalent in the country".[71]
In Jakarta, Indonesia, police say that the traffic due to 7 million people leaving the city to celebrate Eid al-Fitr results in an increase in street crime. As a result, police deploy an additional 7,500 personnel.[77]
During Ramadan, millions of pilgrims enter Saudi Arabia to visit Mecca. According to the Yemen Times, such pilgrims are usually charitable, and consequently smugglers traffic children in from Yemen to beg on the streets of Saudi Arabia.[79]
Ramadan in polar regions[edit]
During 2010 Middle East negotiations in the United States, Hosni Mubarak and Benjamin Netanyahu check their watches to see if the sun has set.
The length of the dawn to sunset time varies in different parts of the world according to summer or winter solstices of the sun. Most Muslims fast for 11–16 hours during Ramadan. However, in polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed 22 hours in summers. For example, in 2014, Muslims in Reykjavik, Iceland, and Trondheim, Norway, fasted almost 22 hours, while Muslims in Sydney, Australia, fasted for only about 11 hours. Muslims in areas where continuous night or day is observed during Ramadan follow the fasting hours in the nearest city where fasting is observed at dawn and sunset. Alternatively, Muslims may follow Mecca time.[12][13][14]
Employment during Ramadan[edit]
Muslims will continue to work during Ramadan. The prophet Muhammad said that it is important to keep a balance between worship and work. In some Muslim countries, such as Oman, however, working hours are shortened during Ramadan.[82][83] It is often recommended that working Muslims inform their employers if they are fasting, given the potential for the observance to impact performance at work.[84] The extent to which Ramadan observers are protected by religious accommodation varies by country. Policies putting them at a disadvantage compared to other employees have been met with discrimination claims in the UK and the US.[85][86][87]
See also[edit]
Islam portal
Fasting
Five Pillars of Islam
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In Arabic phonology, it can be [rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn, ramadˤɑːn, ræmæˈdˤɑːn], depending on the region.
Jump up ^ The hadith of Jabir ibn Abdullah mentions that the Gospel was sent down on the 18th of Ramadan. Aliyev, Rafig Y. (June 2013). Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781490705217.
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Jump up ^ "Egypt's tourism minister 'confirms' alcohol prohibition on Islamic holidays beyond Ramadan," Al-Ahram, 22 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Schools say Muslim students 'should break Ramadan fast' to avoid bad grades". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
Jump up ^ Prof. Dr. E. Jürgen Zöllner (Summer 2017). "Education in Berlin: Islam and School" (PDF). Senatsverwaltung für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung.
Jump up ^ Azizi F (2010). "Islamic fasting and health". Ann. Nutr. Metab. 56 (4): 273–82. PMID 20424438. doi:10.1159/000295848.
Jump up ^ Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA (2014). "Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Public Health Nutr. 17 (2): 396–406. PMID 23182306. doi:10.1017/S1368980012005046.
Jump up ^ Emami-Naini A, Roomizadeh P, Baradaran A, Abedini A, Abtahi M (August 2013). "Ramadan fasting and patients with renal diseases: A mini review of the literature". J Res Med Sci. Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 18 (8): 711–716. ISSN 1735-1995. PMC 3872613  . PMID 24379850.
Jump up ^ "Crime rate falls during Ramadan". Today's Zaman. 21 August 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Crime rate drops over Ramadan". Turkish Daily News. 16 November 2002. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Eastern Province crime falls 40% during Ramadan". 28 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Tavakoli, Nasrin (2012), "Effect of spirituality on decreasing crimes and social damages: A case study on Ramadan" (PDF), International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences: 518–524
Jump up ^ "The effect of Ramadan on crime rates in Saudi Arabia, Hattab Ben Thawab Al-Sobaye" (PDF). Naif Arab University for Social Sciences, Thesis publication. 23 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "129 women killed in six months in Turkey, lawmaker says". Hurriyet Daily News. 11 July 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Crime rates increase during Ramadhan". Jakarta Post. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "4 Gold Shop Robbers Killed, 2 Caught During Police Raids Across the City". Jakarta Post. 29 August 2009. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Anticipating Crime, 7,500 Policemen Put on Standby Along Ramadan". Department of Communication, Informatics and Public Relations of Jakarta Capital City. 16 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Comment le Ramadhan bouleverse la vie des Algériens". El Watan, French. 24 August 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yemen child trafficking to increase during Ramadan". Yemen Times. 20 August 2009. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ramadan saw rise in violent domestic crimes". Daily News, Egypt. 2 November 2006. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ramadan and lower crime rates: The Ayatollah says that during Ramadan the number of criminal cases in the Judiciary diminish by a great degree.". 11 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ramadan working hours announced in Oman". Times of Oman. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ramadan working hours announced for public and private sectors". Times of Oman. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Working Muslim in Ramadan" (PDF). Working Muslim. 2011. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
Jump up ^ Lewis Silkin (26 April 2016). "Lewis Silkin – Ramadan – employment issues". lewissilkinemployment.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Reasonable Accommodations for Ramadan? Lessons From 2 EEOC Cases". Free Enterprise. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "EEOC And Electrolux Reach Settlement In Religious Accommodation Charge Brought By Muslim Employees". eeoc.gov. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutRamadanat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Data from Wikidata
Complete Guide to Ramadhan including Rules, Duas, Itikaaf, Laylatul Qadr, Sadaqatul Fitr etc
15 Hadiths on Ramadan
Articles on Ramadan
Ramadan Articles & Resources
Purpose of Fasting in Islam: "And Fast Until The Onset Of Night"
Ramadan Customs, Observance and Practices
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Ramadan
Background
Ramadan (calendar month)
Fasting during Ramadan
Zakat al-Fitr
Fidyah and Kaffara
Meals
Suhur (before sunrise)
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Prayers and observances
Tarawih
Iʿtikāf
Laylat al-Qadr
Jumu'atul-Wida
Eid al-Fitr
Ramadan culture
Date (fruit)
Chaand Raat
Fanous
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Ramadan tent
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Ramadan
Laylat al-Qadr
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1 Shia Muslim only
2 Ahmadi Muslim only
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Ramadan (religious, month)
Legend:
(federal) = federal holidays, (state) = state holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (week) = weeklong holidays, (month) = monthlong holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies
Bold indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in the United States, which often represent the major celebrations of the month.
See also: Lists of holidays, Hallmark holidays, public holidays in the United States, New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
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interlanguage-link-target

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values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values: רמדאן – Hebrew

values: ರಂಜಾನ್ – Kannada

values: რამადანი – Georgian

values: رَمَضان – Kashmiri

values: Рамазан – Kyrgyz

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadanas
Ramadanas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Minangkabau
min
min
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: रमजान – Nepali

values: Рамадан – Chechen

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values: ରମଜାନ – Odia

values: ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ – Punjabi

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraza
Oraza – Kara-Kalpak
kaa
kaa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Рамадан – Russian

values: Рамадаан – Sakha

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazani
Ramazani – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values: رمضان – Sindhi

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan
Ramazan – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadaan
Ramadaan – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan
Ramazan – Serbian
sr
sr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan
Ramazan – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan
Ramazan – Tatar
tt
tt
interlanguage-link-target

values: రంజాన్ – Telugu

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: เราะมะฎอน – Thai

values: Рамазон – Tajik

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan
Ramazan – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: Рамадан – Tuvinian

values: رمضان – Urdu

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramdinne
Ramdinne – Walloon
wa
wa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan
Ramadan – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values: ראמאדאן – Yiddish

values:
https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remezan
Remezan – Zazaki
diq
diq
interlanguage-link-target

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