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Private Practice (season 5)
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Private Practice (season 5)
DVD cover art for the complete fifth season of
Private Practice
Starring
Kate Walsh
Tim Daly
Benjamin Bratt
Paul Adelstein
KaDee Strickland
Brian Benben
Caterina Scorsone
Griffin Gluck
Taye Diggs
Amy Brenneman
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
22
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29) – May 15, 2012 (2012-05-15)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 4
Next →
Season 6
List of Private Practice episodes
The fifth season of Private Practice premiered on September 29, 2011.[1] It was announced on February 9, 2011 that Audra McDonald, who plays the character Naomi Bennett, will not return as a regular cast member in the fifth season, however she may return as a guest star or a recurring character.
Following the departure of Audra McDonald, it was announced on March 20, 2011 that actor Benjamin Bratt will be added to the series as a regular cast member for the fifth season. The details of his character were released on August 7, as he is set to play Jake Reilly, an accomplished fertility specialist that is knowledgeable in cutting-edge technology and procedures.
Later in the season, Cooper Freedman was revealed to have had an 8 year old son from a previous one-night stand. Son Mason is portrayed by child actor Griffin Gluck. While Gluck initially served as a guest star, he was promoted to series regular later on in the season. Gluck is notable for being the first child to be a series regular in Private Practice or in the original series Grey's Anatomy.
Contents
1 Cast
1.1 Casting
1.2 Development
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.3 Guest stars
3 Episodes
4 Ratings
4.1 Live ratings
5 DVD release
6 References
Cast[edit]
Casting[edit]
Following the renewal of Private Practice, it was announced that Benjamin Bratt would be returning to the show as a series regular, and his character was reviewed to be named, Jake Reilly.[2][3] It was also announced that Audra McDonald would not be returning as a series regular, but instead could possible return as a recurring cast member. All of the regular cast including, Kate Walsh, Tim Daly, Paul Adelstein, KaDee Strickland, Brian Benben, Caterina Scorsone, Taye Diggs, and Amy Brenneman all returned in their roles as series regulars. In September 2011, it was announced that My So Called Life actress, A.J. Langer, was cast as Erica Warner, was cast in a recurring role as a woman who shows up in Cooper's life proclaiming they have an eight-year-old son together.[4] It was later announced that Griffin Gluck was cast as Mason Warner, the son that Cooper and Erica share together.[5] Later in the season, Griffin was billed as a series regular, while A.J. stayed as a recurring character as her character died. In November 2011, it was announced that Stephen Amell had been cast as Scott Becker, a paramedic that was also a potential love interest for Violet, seeing as Violet and Pete decided to split up after Pete's heart attack.[6]
In November 2011, Wes Brown had a recurring role as Ryan Kerrigan, a drug addict and a potential love interest for Amelia, but his character eventually dies pursuing Amelia to go to rehab.[7] In November 2011, it was announced that, Jessie star, Debby Ryan would be making a special guest appearance, as Hailey, a girl that Amelia meets while she is going through rehab for drug addiction.[8] In January 2012, it was announced that Private Practice and Grey's Anatomy would be having another crossover, and Patrick Dempsey and Chyler Leigh would be making a special guest appearance in an episode in an effort to save Erica's life.[9] In February 2012, it was announced that Anika Noni Rose had been cast in a recurring role as Corinne Bennett, who would play Sam's sister who drops in town for a visit.[10]
Development[edit]
On January 10, 2011, ABC renewed Private Practice for a fifth season.[11] The fifth season premiered on September 29, 2011.[1]
A plot device this season sees most episodes begin with Addison at a therapist's office introducing the episode while most but not all end with a redux of the plot device although Kate Walsh does not narrate the actual episodes. In the beginning of the season a major part of the story-line is Amelia's drug addiction, and how all of the doctors work to try to save her. Another story-line in the beginning of the season is the practice going under, and trying to save it and Violet trying to get her medical license back. A major story-line that has been in place since the fourth season, is Addison trying to have a baby with IVF treatments, but after the IVF treatments fail and she no longer has any eggs left, she decides to adopt a baby, eventually adopting a baby named Henry, who she delivered the very same day she was called about adopting him. A plot that took place for the entire season, is Cooper finding out that he has a son and that the mother, Erica Warner, has an inoperable brain tumor, and how Cooper and Charlotte must deal with the death of Erica and how it affects Mason. Through the middle of the season, Pete and Violet decide that they should go through separation; Violet tries to move on with a relationship with Scott, a paramedic she met, but the relationship eventually ends when Scott ends it and Violet decides to try to work things out with Pete. The addition of a new character, Jake Reilly, opened up the story-line of Addison trying to figure out if she wants to pursue a relationship with Sam or with Jake. After Amelias' drug addiction story-line, it's found out that Amelia is pregnant, and she has to deal with finding out that her baby (who was conceived while Amelia was actively using drugs) was developing without a brain and would not survive; she decides to carry it to term to donate the organs. Amelia also dealt with her anger at Addison while having Jake be her doctor.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Kate Walsh as Addison Montgomery
Tim Daly as Peter Wilder
Benjamin Bratt as Jake Reilly
Paul Adelstein as Cooper Freedman
KaDee Strickland as Charlotte King
Brian Benben as Sheldon Wallace
Caterina Scorsone as Amelia Shepherd
Griffin Gluck as Mason Warner
Taye Diggs as Sam Bennett
Amy Brenneman as Violet Turner
Recurring cast[edit]
A.J. Langer as Erica Warner
Stephen Amell as Scott Becker
Anika Noni Rose as Corinne Bennett
Scott Alan Smith as Addison's Therapist
Jack Bobo and Joey Bobo as Lucas Wilder
Aloma Wright as Mildred Clemons
Emily Rios as Angela Reilly
Betsy Brandt as Joanna Gibbs
Michael B. Silver as David Gibbs
Wes Brown as Ryan Kerrigan
Sydney Tamiia Poitier as Michelle
Guest stars[edit]
Patrick Dempsey as Derek Shepherd
Chyler Leigh as Lexie Grey
Patrick Fabian as Robert Weston
Debby Ryan as Hailey
Blue Deckert as Joe Price
Myk Watford as Billy Douglas
Emily Moss Wilson as Judi
Billy John Malone as Hendricks
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Private Practice episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
US viewers
(millions)
77
1 "God Laughs" Mark Tinker Craig Turk September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29) 7.79[12]
Pete suffers a heart attack while at home with their son Lucas. Sheldon helps Amelia after she is injured in a bar fight. Sam and Addison are spending the night together, but both get paged to the ER on different cases. Charlotte remarks that Pete didn't show up for his shift at the hospital, so Cooper goes to Pete's house to check on him. He finds Pete collapsed on the floor and Lucas hiding under a table. While waiting for her flight to New York, Violet sees a couple fighting in the terminal and tries to counsel the wife. As Pete is being worked on in the cardiac cath lab, he begins showing symptoms of a brain bleed. An airport employee tracks down Violet with an emergency phone call about Pete; she rushes out of the terminal. Pete survives his surgery, but it was a close call. Charlotte tells Amelia that she refuses to enable her addiction and reminds Amelia that her hospital privileges are still suspended. Addison's fertility specialist is called away on an emergency, and his replacement turns out to be Dr. Jake Reilly--Addison's "supermarket mystery man.
78
2 "Breaking the Rules" Tom Verica Steve Blackman October 6, 2011 (2011-10-06) 6.06[13]
Pete comes back to the practice even with all of the doctors suggesting that he takes another week off. Sam, Addison, and Sheldon begin interviewing potential replacements for Naomi, including Jake Reilly, which freaks Addison out. Sheldon tries to convince Charlotte to let Amelia back at the hospital by making her take a breathalyzer test. Cooper illegally and secretly uses another family's cord blood to help a patient with leukemia, leaving Charlotte to clean up the legal mess. Addison finds that Sam and Jake know each other, while Pete begins taking his post-heart attack anger out on Violet who is acting as his therapist, nurse, and wife all the same time. Charlotte agrees to restore Amelia's hospital privileges if she'll take a breathalyzer test, while Addison decides to hire Jake. Violet tells Pete that he needs to get a therapist. Cooper is vindicated for his decision to break the law to save a patient's life. Amelia begins drinking again.
79
3 "Deal With It" Randy Zisk Jennifer Cecil October 13, 2011 (2011-10-13) 6.51[14]
Jake enlists Addison's help with a uterine transplant. Amelia and Sam try to help a woman with Parkinson's disease mask the symptoms, only to find that her meds are making her want to sleep with random men, and work to try to save her marriage and her life. Violet finds that typical maternal activities like play dates aren't really her thing; she makes a big change by cutting her hair very short. Amelia calls Charlotte a bitch in front of everyone and Charlotte is wounded that Cooper doesn't stand up for her. Addison and Jake find that the transplant surgery didn't work on their patient angering Jake, while Addison searches for the right doctor to begin her IVF treatment. Instead of going to a regular therapist, Pete begins going to Sheldon for advice, eventually not liking the realistic advice he gets; While he wonders why he can't connect with Violet during sex, when he finds out that he can have it again. An old fling of Cooper's, Erica Warner, shows up and proclaims that she and Cooper have a child together; While the practice gets renamed Seaside Health and Wellness.
80
4 "Remember Me" Mark Tinker Barbie Kligman October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20) 6.38[15]
After Cooper finds out that he has an eight-year-old son, Mason, he decides to meet him, but not tell him that he is his father yet; Addison and Violet get angered when a pregnant woman's husband decides that he is going to leave the woman and take the baby after she gives birth, because she can't remember anything because of a car accident less than a year ago. Pete continues to lash out at Violet, eventually making Violet lash back at him saying she needs him to be on her side, and be her husband instead of lashing out at him. Sam and Addison both worry about what will happen to their relationship when Addison begins IVF; Charlotte attempts to pay off Erica when she finds out about Mason, angering Erica and Cooper, because Cooper wants to be in Mason's life. After taking the paternity test without Erica or Cooper's permission, Charlotte finds that Cooper is Mason's biological father; Addison asks Sam if he would leave her. While Addison's patient's husband doesn't leave her, but instead stays with her because of love; While Sheldon tells Pete that he needs to stop lashing out at Violet.
81
5 "Step One" Ann Kindberg Adele Lim October 27, 2011 (2011-10-27) 6.40[16]
Addison starts IVF treatments with Jake and decides that she isn't going to tell Sam until she's pregnant; Amelia's friend, Michelle, comes back from Italy, and asks Amelia to help her commit suicide. Sam and Violet work on an old patient of Violet's who hears voices and has stopped taking his medication; Pete and Sheldon try to talk Amelia out of helping Michelle commit suicide. Violet agrees to not see her patient in order to get her license as a therapist back; While Addison begins acting hormonal because of the IVF. Cooper begins spending more time with Mason and Erica, until Mason says that he doesn't want to see him anymore. Amelia decides to help her friend die and begins giving her the drugs necessary, until Michelle has an allergic reaction and Amelia calls 911. Michelle moves in with Amelia, and when Amelia comes back from the store she finds Michelle overdosed on her medication on purpose, and Amelia begins the path to drugs again. Mason asks Cooper if he's his father, while Addison tells Sam about her IVF treatments.
82
6 "If I Hadn't Forgotten..." Jeff Bleckner Krista Vernoff November 3, 2011 (2011-11-03) 6.56[17]
Amelia begins drinking and using drugs again after her friend Michelle killed herself; After confronting her, Charlotte starts to remember her past and how she coped with drug addiction. Addison tries to find a sperm donor, eventually enlisting all of the male doctors in the office to help her, only to find that she has little time to pick one because Jake finds that she has four eggs left, instead of the two she thought she originally had. Violet continues to try to get her medical license back by showing the court all of the patients that she has helped; While Amelia begins a relationship with another addict, Ryan, (Wes Brown). Cooper continues to bond with Mason, while he tries to help a child whose parents are drugging him with ADHD medicine because they want him to get extra time on tests, so he can get straight A's. Charlotte confronts Amelia about her drug addiction, and Amelia quits the practice in an effort to get her to leave her alone; While Cooper confronts the parents about drugging their child. Addison and Jake implant sperm into her eggs in an effort to get her pregnant.
83
7 "Don't Stop 'Till You Get Enough" Bethany Rooney Fred Einesman November 10, 2011 (2011-11-10) 7.51[18]
Sam, Jake, and Addison begin arguing on the procedure for a patient for a pregnant woman who got into a car accident and is now brain dead; Addison confronts Amelia about her drug addiction, forcing Amelia to go to a hotel room. Erica gets angry when she finds that Charlotte spent time with Mason, when she left Mason with Cooper since it was Mason's day off from school and Erica had to work. Violet gets her license reinstated and enlist Sheldon to oversee her therapy sessions as a requirement to get her full license back; Pete then confront Sheldon when he believes that he is being too harsh on Violet. Amelia is confronted by the police when she breaks into the practice to steal her prescription notepad; Charlotte vouches for her, Charlotte tries to convince Amelia to stop going down the path she's taking. Sheldon works to try to find Amelia after she goes AWOL; Addison gets implanted with the embryos in an effort to get pregnant. Erica agrees to let Mason sleep over with Charlotte and Cooper, after she finds that Charlotte was trying to protect Cooper, when she tried to pay her off.
84
8 "Who We Are" Mark Tinker Shonda Rhimes November 17, 2011 (2011-11-17) 7.23[19]
All of the doctors are surprised and angry when Amelia finally shows up to work after twelve days, acting as if nothing ever happened, and find that she and Ryan are now engaged. The next day when Amelia arrives, she finds that they've planned an intervention for her; Amelia begins lashing out at everyone, and tries to leave multiple times. After requesting oxycodone so she'll stay, they put it to a vote, and majority voted no; After Amelia continues to chant "What do we want? Drugs! When do we want them? Now!" Addison and Sheldon decide to give her the oxycodone, but only if she would take it in front of everyone. Everyone begins talking to Amelia in an effort to convince her to go to rehab, but Ryan shows up and Addison finds that Amelia gave him her father's watch. Addison begins telling why the watch is significant and Amelia begins screaming at her; Later Amelia and Ryan decide that they'll go to rehab and get married, but after they finish off the drugs they have in the apartment. Jake goes to his late wife Lilly's grave; The next morning Amelia wakes up to find that Ryan has died from an overdose and decides to go to rehab.
85
9 "The Breaking Point" Jeff Bleckner Christopher Fife November 17, 2011 (2011-11-17) 7.23[19]
Amelia begins her fifty-day rehab stint, and begins bonding with a fellow patient, Hailey (Debby Ryan). Addison and Violet begin to find ways that Addison can get pregnant, while Violet tries not to see everything that is wrong with her marriage. Cooper ends up missing Mason's first school play when one of his patients needs a blood transplant; Hailey tries to convince Amelia to accept that she didn't kill Ryan, that the drugs did. Addison's IVF fails, and when she tries to go for another round, she collapses from complications from the first IVF treatment. Violet realizes that Pete won't leave her and asks him to make a decision if he still loves her; After a week she finds that he doesn't love her anymore and leaves, but doesn't want to make anything difficult for Lucas. Sam tries to talk Addison out of another round of IVF but is too late, and she says that after this round she won't have anymore eggs left, and won't be able to do IVF anymore. All of the doctors arrive at the rehab facility as family is required to come, and Amelia said they were all family, and she tries to apologize for everything she did. Amelia returns home on Thanksgiving, while Addison is in the bathroom awaiting the results of her pregnancy test.
86
10 "Are You My Mother?" Ed Ornelas Elizabeth J. B. Klaviter January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05) 7.71[20]
Addison seeks out adoption when she finds out that there is no longer a chance of her getting pregnant, while Cooper tries to find out ways to discipline Mason when he finds that Mason shoplifted from a store. Violet and Pete decide that Pete should move out of the house, angering Pete because he wants to be in Lucas' life 24/7. Jake and Violet work with a three-person couple that want to get pregnant, but things get complicated when one of the women can't get pregnant, making the three of them decide on what is right for their relationship. Addison meets with a woman who is seeking someone to adopt her baby; later that day Addison gets paged to the delivery room where the woman gives birth; Charlotte takes Sheldon to the shooting gun range to help him get over Amelia, while she tries to convince Amelia that she's ready to get back to work. Addison is heart broken when the woman doesn't pick her to adopt her baby; Amelia begins to realize how much she hurt everyone she loved. Violet and Pete realize that they're going to have to adjust to being divorced; While Addison and Sam decide to break up.
87
11 "The Standing Eight Count" Scott Printz Zahir McGhee January 12, 2012 (2012-01-12) 6.55[21]
The male doctors at the practice have a "boys night out", which ends with Pete and Sam both going home with different women; Sheldon questions his friendship with a cop, when he asks if he can sign off on a cop with PTSD going back to work. After Amelia begins worrying about Erica's heath, Charlotte looks into her medical records, and finds that she has a tumor in her brain that is going to eventually kill her. Violet accepts a date with a paramedic, Scott (Stephen Amell); While Addison begins wondering what her options are if she doesn't want to adopt a baby, or a woman doesn't want her to adopt her baby. Erica threatens to leave if Charlotte tells Cooper about her tumor, only for her to show up at their apartment and tell Cooper about her tumor; While Pete tells Violet about his night with the woman he met at the bar. Charlotte begins to realize that she's growing fonder of Mason; While Sam and Addison struggle to stay friends after their break up; Jake tries to reassure Addison that she will have a baby.
88
12 "Losing Battles" Stephen Cragg Gabriel Llanas January 19, 2012 (2012-01-19) 6.00[22]
Just as Violet is preparing to take the "next step" with Scott, Joann, the abused woman she met at the airport six months earlier, arrives in need of urgent medical care. Cooper and Amelia begin searching to see if there is anything that could help Erica live a longer life. Sheldon and Sam begin online dating in an effort to find women. As Addison begins looking for surrogates, she and Jake find that no one is up to Addison's standards. Amelia offers to be her surrogate, but Addison turns her down, wanting Amelia to heal and stay sober. Cooper tries to make sure after Erica dies that Mason will be with him and Charlotte. After Erica asks Amelia what she would do, Erica decides not to have any further treatment since she believes it won't be worth it. Violet decides to take Joanna to her house and take care of her. Joanna's husband David breaks into Violet's house and knocks Violet unconscious. When Violet wakes up she finds that Joanna stabbed David to death.
89
13 "The Time Has Come" Mark Tinker Jennifer Cecil February 2, 2012 (2012-02-02) 6.55[23]
Pete gets upset when Scott drops by Violet's house while Lucas is there, and he tells Violet that Scott can't be around the house. While at the ER, Charlotte and Pete discover that the car accident victims who come in are Mason and Erica, but luckily they are not badly injured. Sam and Sheldon try to deal with an army veteran who can't have sex with his wife, only for Sheldon to discover that the army vet was raped by his superior, and Sheldon seeks help from Violet. Cooper gets enraged when he finds out about Erica and Mason's accident and demands that she never drives with Mason again. Violet tries to convince Cooper that he's angry that Erica is dying. Sheldon helps the army veteran tell his wife about his rape. Addison and Jake go to a medical conference, and Addison gets drunk and pursues Jake, but tells her she isn't ready for sex. Charlotte and Amelia try to help Erica cope with her terminal illness. Violet takes the next step with Scott after she finds that Pete is jealous. Sam gets a call and finds that his sister robbed a convenience store and goes to pick her up from the police station.
90
14 "Too Much" Karen Gaviola Noah Evslin February 9, 2012 (2012-02-09) 6.52[24]
Sam finds his estranged sister, Corinne, in jail, heavily medicated and near-catatonic, and brings her to Sheldon for help, while Sam, Addison, and Pete work on a baby who has a mother who has a drug problem. Erica begins secret chemotherapy treatments, forcing Charlotte and Cooper to keep Mason in the dark. Amelia begins more research on Erica's case and finds a lead, and realizes that Derek is the person to help them; Charlotte tries to talk Erica into telling Mason about her gliosarcoma, after he runs off and demands that Charlotte bring him to Erica. Violet gets pissed when Cooper begins defending Pete on her relationship with Scott; While Addison has sex with Sam. Sam and Sheldon try to find out what is really wrong with Corrine, and Sheldon finds that she might not have all of the problems that the prison doctors said she has. Addison and Jake find it hard to talk to each other after he rejected sex with her; Erica, Amelia, Charlotte, Mason, and Cooper head to Seattle in a last effort to give her more time with Mason.
91
15 "You Break My Heart" Allison Liddi-Brown Steve Blackman & Craig Turk February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16) 7.08[25]
Cooper and Charlotte take Erica to Seattle Grace-Mercy West, so Amelia can team up with Derek (Patrick Dempsey) and Lexie (Chyler Leigh) in an attempt to perform a surgery that requires them to work within ninety seconds. Sheldon begins wondering if Corrine has bi-polar disorder; While Sam and Jake get into an argument over the treatment of a patient who had a heart transplant and Jake proceeded to get her pregnant, before he got to the practice. Violet begins to worry when Scott wants to take their relationship to the next level. Meanwhile, Erica is finally forced to tell Mason why they are really in Seattle. Corrine is outraged when Sam blames her for all of his problems only for Sheldon to diagnose her with bi-polar disorder, and she finally comes clean with where she's been for twenty years. Derek, Lexie, and Amelia are able to perform Erica's surgery in the ninety seconds that they have to; While Addison, Sam, and Jake aren't able to save their patient because she stopped taking her heart medication, but are able to save the baby. Violet tells Scott that their relationship has to be just sex; while Jake questions Addison and his relationship.
This episode concludes a crossover with Grey's Anatomy that begins on "Have You Seen Me Lately?".
92
16 "Andromeda" Mark Tinker Gabe Fonseca February 23, 2012 (2012-02-23) 6.32[26]
Addison deals with a patient who has to choose between having a surgery that could kill one of her twins, or not perform the surgery and lose the other twin; While Sam finds that Corrine is becoming more than he can handle. Violet and Scott start becoming distant; While Charlotte and Cooper begin arguing after Erica's surgery because Cooper is always at Erica's house trying to take care of her and Mason. Sheldon begins worrying that Amelia might be on drugs again, only to find out that Amelia's about twenty weeks pregnant. Corrine has an outburst and when Sam tries to calm her down she falls through the window, forcing Sam to realize he can't take care of her; Addison performs the babies surgery just fine. Violet wants to start therapy with Pete so they can work on their marriage, and tries to show Cooper that he's taking his frustration out on Charlotte. Jake reveals to Addison that he has feelings for her, while Sheldon tries to convince Sam to put Corrine in a facility, but Sam decides he can take care of her himself.
93
17 "The Letting Go" Paul Adelstein Barbie Kligman March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15) 6.85[27]
Jake goes to visit his step-daughter Angela at her college, and finds out that she had sex for the first time, and accidentally tells her about Addison. Scott ends up in the hospital after a drunk husband beats him up after they try to help the battered wife; Sheldon begins convincing Amelia that she needs to tell Addison about her pregnancy, so she can get the right prenatal care. After Sam is forced to give Corrine her pills, he calls Sheldon and realizes that Corrine would be better suited in a facility where they can give her the therapy and support that she needs, after Corrine confesses that she would rather not be on earth. Cooper and Charlotte get a phone call from a frightened Mason and rush to the hospital with Amelia to find that Erica's condition has worsened and that there are now more tumors. Charlotte and Cooper are then forced to tell Mason that Erica only has one week left to live, and Erica decides after that day she doesn't want to see Mason so he can remember her healthy. After Amelia tells Addison she's pregnant, Addison proclaims she's excited for her.
94
18 "It Was Inevitable" Bill Purple Adele Lim & Christopher Fife April 17, 2012 (2012-04-17) 6.53[28]
As Erica's life starts slowly coming to an end, Cooper and Charlotte try to convince her that she should let Mason see her, while they also try to convince Mason that Erica isn't going to be leaving the hospital. Addison tries to show Amelia that having a baby is one of the most wonderful things in the world, when Amelia continues to put off an ultrasound. Violet and Pete begin their relationship again, or attempt to, but don't because neither of them knows how the other feels. Sheldon and Jake argue over a pregnant woman who nearly six months ago killed her first two children, as Sheldon believes that the woman wasn't diagnosed with postpartum depression, and that it wasn't her fault, while Jake feels that she is a cold blooded killer and she shouldn't be allowed out of jail. After Erica realizes that she has no time left, she agrees to let Mason see her, just as Mason comes in and hugs Erica and says 'I love you', Erica dies. Amelia agrees to an ultrasound; While Sheldon gets a call and says he's going to go see his ex-wife, after he promised Amelia he'd be there for her. Sam feels bad for putting Corrine in the facility; While Addison gets a call, that a woman who picked Addison to be the adoptive parent of her baby.
95
19 "And Then There Was One" Tom Verica Jennifer Cecil & Elizabeth J. B. Klaviter April 24, 2012 (2012-04-24) 8.13[29]
After Amelia gets the devastating news that her baby has no brain she can't will herself to talk to anyone at the practice; Violet and Pete decide to go to marriage counseling to see if they can fix their marriage. Jake and Sam find out that they both kissed Addison on the same day, but when Sam confronts her, she states that she only really has time for Henry, the newborn baby boy she adopted. Pete, Violet, and Amelia work on the case of a young girl who was stabbed to death; as Violet begins talking to the sister, Missy, Violet begins to believe that she was the one who stabbed her sister, eventually getting the truth out of her. Violet and Pete go from being polite in therapy to bickering at each other; Charlotte and Cooper must deal with Mason who wets the bed, and now doesn't talk to anyone after Erica's death. Amelia enlist Jake to be her new OBGYN, after firing Addison, and decides that she wants to stay healthy and donate her babies organs to other children, so she can help other children. Everyone worries where Sheldon has disappeared, while Addison adjusts to being a new mother.
96
20 "True Colors" Steve Robin Craig Turk & Steve Blackman May 1, 2012 (2012-05-01) 7.38[30]
Violet and Pete quit therapy, even though Violet doesn't want to, and Pete believes dating Violet would be the best for them to get their marriage back to what it was; While Sam begins to realize he still feels obligated to help Addison with Henry even though they aren't in a relationship anymore. Violet and Cooper deal with a patient who believes that she was supposed to be born a boy, and try help the parents deal with what their daughter is trying to tell them. While Cooper grows angry at Charlotte because Mason will talk to her and not listen to him, seeing as he is his father; Addison and Pete work with an illegal immigrant who is trying to have her baby born in the United States so he can stay when she's deported. After realizing what's best, Addison delivers the baby, but when the woman is explaining to Pete about his hospital he built, he decides that he should go back there to help rebuild it. Mason begins talking to Cooper again; While Amelia makes the heart breaking decision of signing the papers, effectively giving her baby's organs to other children when he's born.
97
21 "Drifting Back" Jeannot Szwarc Gabriel Llanas & Zahir McGhee May 8, 2012 (2012-05-08) 5.77[31]
Sheldon returns from his trip with his ex-wife, and is baffled when everyone except Amelia welcomes him back with a warm welcome; Pete, Sam and Charlotte deal with a patient whose father wants to keep him on life support, but whose partner wants to take him off life support. Amelia gets her six-month chip, but Jake begins to worry that she may be looking to do drugs to keep her pain away; While Addison and Sam have trouble defining their relationship. Violet, Amelia and Sheldon work with a father who is having feelings about having sex with his daughter, only find that scaring in his brain is the reason, and Amelia performs surgery in hopes that his feelings will go away. After Sheldon confronts Amelia, she says she wants to have sex with him, but leaves after he continues to say he's sorry; Jake tells Amelia about how his wife died from an overdose. Pete honors his patient's wishes and takes his partner off life support, and faces major legal trouble and Charlotte is forced to turn him into the police when she finds out; While Violet looks into selling their house.
98
22 "Gone, Baby, Gone" Ann Kindberg Shonda Rhimes May 15, 2012 (2012-05-15) 6.81[32]
All of the doctors of Seaside Health and Wellness go to Amelia's aid when she begins labor, but everyone is forced to put their personal feelings aside when Jake tells them that Amelia wanted to give her baby's organs up to other babies. After Pete's hearing he is put in jail without parole; Charlotte is faced with talking to the lawyers about Amelia's surgery even though she doesn't believe in it. As Amelia begins reaching time to push the baby out, she begins pleading that she doesn't want to deliver the 'unicorn baby'. After hearing Amelia in pain, Addison goes into help her; Sam signs off on help with the heart transplant, but Charlotte tells them that the lawyers said no, but they go ahead with the surgery anyway. Mason asks Charlotte if she'd be okay with him calling her "mama", but doesn't want to call her mom because he already has a mom. Addison and Jake sleep with each other after Amelia's surgery; While Sheldon tells Amelia that she's his best friend. Pete gets out of jail on bail; Sam proposes to Addison, proclaiming he's ready to have a family with her.
Ratings[edit]
Live ratings[edit]
No. in
Series
No. in
Season
Episode
Air Date
Timeslot (EST)
Rating/Share (18–49)
Viewers (m)
Weekly Rank (m)
77 1 "God Laughs" September 29, 2011 Thursdays
10:00 p.m.
2.8/8
7.79[12]
TBA
78 2 "Breaking the Rules" October 6, 2011
2.1/5
6.06[13]
TBA
79 3 "Deal With It" October 13, 2011
2.3/6
6.51[14]
TBA
80 4 "Remember Me" October 20, 2011
2.3/6
6.38[15]
TBA
81 5 "Step One" October 27, 2011
2.4/6
6.59[16]
TBA
82 6 "If I Hadn't Forgotten..." November 3, 2011
2.6/7
6.56[17]
TBA
83 7 "Don't Stop 'Till You Get Enough" November 10, 2011
2.8/7
7.51[18]
TBA
84 8 "Who We Are" November 17, 2011
2.6/7
7.23[19]
TBA
85 9 "The Breaking Point" November 17, 2011
2.6/7
7.23[19]
TBA
86 10 "Are You My Mother?" January 5, 2012
2.7/7
7.71[20]
TBA
87 11 "The Standing Eight Count" January 12, 2012
2.3/6
6.55[21]
TBA
88 12 "Losing Battles" January 19, 2012
2.1/5
6.00[22]
TBA
89 13 "The Time Has Come" February 2, 2012
2.3/6
6.55[23]
TBA
90 14 "Too Much" February 9, 2012
2.2/6
6.52[24]
TBA
91 15 "You Break My Heart" February 16, 2012
2.6/7
7.08[25]
TBA
92 16 "Andromeda" February 23, 2012
2.1/6
6.32[26]
TBA
93 17 "The Letting Go" March 15, 2012
2.1/6
6.85[27]
TBA
94 18 "It Was Inevitable" April 17, 2012 Tuesdays
10:00 p.m.
1.7/5
6.53[28]
TBA
95 19 "And Then There Was One" April 24, 2012
2.2/6
8.13[29]
#22[33]
96 20 "True Colors" May 1, 2012
2.1/6
7.38[30]
TBA
97 21 "Drifting Back" May 8, 2012
1.4/4
5.77[31]
TBA
98 22 "Gone, Baby, Gone" May 15, 2012
1.8/5
6.81[32]
TBA
DVD release[edit]
Private Practice: The Complete Fifth Season
Set Details Special Features
22 Episodes
5-Disc Set
English (Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround)
Audio Commentaries
The Practice Of Parenthood- Filmmakers and cast discuss the addition of children to the series this season, the different kinds of family the show explores, and how being a parent affects the cast, both as actors and in their person lives.
Deleted Scenes
Bloopers
Release Dates
Region 1 Region 2 Region 4
September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11)[34] February 4, 2013 (2013-02-04)[35] November 14, 2012 (2012-11-14)[36]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Mitovich, Matt Webb (June 27, 2011). "Fall TV: ABC Sets Premiere Dates, Including Supersized Grey's Anatomy and Modern Family". TV Line. TV Line Media, LLC. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Eng, Joyce (May 21, 2011). "Benjamin Bratt Joins Private Practice". TVGuide. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (August 7, 2011). "Private Practice Scoop: Benjamin Bratt's Character Revealed!". TVGuide. Archived from the original on July 19, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Natalie Abrams (October 14, 2011). "Private Practice Exclusive: A.J. Langer, Paul Adelstein Dish on the Surprise Ending". TVGuide. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Griffin Gluck- Credits (Celebrity)". TVGuide. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lesley Goldberg (November 9, 2011). "'Private Practice' Taps 'Hung' Star for Recurring Role". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 14, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wes Brown: Credits". TVGuide. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Robyn Ross (November 13, 2011). "Sweeps Roundup: Nov. 14-20". TVGuide. Archived from the original on February 21, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Natalie Abrams (January 13, 2012). "Get the Exclusive Details on the Grey's Anatomy-Private Practice Crossover". TVGuide. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Natalie Abrams (February 8, 2012). "Private Practice Scoop: Sam's Sister Has Arrived!". TVGuide. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (January 10, 2011). "Castle Renewed, Grey's Anatomy Renewed, Cougar Town Renewed, The Middle Renewed, Private Practice Renewed, Modern Family Renewed". TVbytheNumbers. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (September 30, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'X Factor,' 'The Big Bang Theory,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'The Office' & 'The Secret Circle,' 'Mentalist' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (October 7, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'X Factor,' 'The Big Bang Theory,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'The Office,' 'Person of Interest,' 'Parks & Rec' Adjusted Up; 'Private Practice' Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (October 14, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Office,' 'Person Of Interest,' 'X Factor' Adjusted Up, 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (October 21, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: World Series + 'Big Bang,' 'Grey's,' 'Vampire Diaries' Adjusted Up; 'Rules,' 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (October 28, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: World Series Game 6 Finals + 'Big Bang,' 'Vampire Diaries,' 'Office,' 'Person,' Adjusted Up; 'Rules,' 'Secret Circle,' 'Whitney,' 'Prime Suspect' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (November 4, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory,' 'The X Factor,' 'Parks & Recreation,' 'The Office,' 'Vampire Diaries,' 'Grey's Anatomy' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (November 11, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory,' 'Grey's,' 'Prime Suspect' Adjusted Up; 'Bones,' 'Rules,' 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gorman, Bill (November 19, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'X Factor,' 'Big Bang Theory,' 'Private Practice' Adjusted Up; 'Bones' Adjusted Down; 'Beneath The Blue' Evaporates". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (January 6, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Vampire Diaries' Adjusted Up; 'Wipeout,' 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (January 13, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' Adjusted Up; 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (January 20, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' Tops 'American Idol' 1st Half Hour; 'Office,' 'Mentalist,' 'Grey's' Adj. Up; 'Person,' 'Rob,' 'Parks' Adj. Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (February 3, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Big Bang Theory,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Office,' 'Mentalist' Adjusted Up; 'Rob' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (February 10, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory,' 'American Idol,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'The Mentalist,' 'Vampire Diaries' Adjusted Up; 'Rob,' 'Private Practice,' 'The Finder,' 'Up All Night' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (February 17, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Vampire Diaries,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Big Bang Theory,' '30 Rock,' 'Office' Adjusted Up; 'Person Of Interest,' 'Mentalist,' 'Secret Circle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on April 10, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibel, Sara (February 24, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory,' 'American Idol,' 'The Mentalist' Adjusted Up; 'Rob,' 'Private Practice,' 'Up All Night' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (March 16, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'American Idol', 'The Office', 'Missing' Adjusted Up, 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down + NCAA Game Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (April 18, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Biggest Loser' & 'DWTS' Adjusted Up; 'Raising Hope' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (April 25, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' Adjusted Up; 'Fashion Star' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibel, Sara (May 2, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'New Girl', 'NCIS', 'Glee', 'Dancing With the Stars', 'Biggest Loser', 'Last Man Standing' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (May 9, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Voice', 'Glee', 'DWTS' + 'NCIS' Adjusted Up; 'LA Complex', + 'Private Practice' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibel, Sara (May 16, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'NCIS', 'Glee' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 1, 2012). "TV Ratings Broadcast Top 25: 'American Idol', 'Big Bang Theory' Top Week 32 Viewing". TVbytheNumbers. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (May 4, 2012). "Private Practice - ABC/Disney Announces 'The Complete 5th Season' on DVD". TV Shows on DVD. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Private Practice- Season 5 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Private Practice - The Complete 5th Season". Ezy DVD. Archived from the original on 2017-02-18. Retrieved September 26. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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Cartoon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Cartoon (disambiguation).
Example of a modern cartoon. The text was excerpted by cartoonist Greg Williams from the Wikipedia article on Dr. Seuss
A cartoon is a type of illustration, possibly animated, typically in a non-realistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved over time, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist,[1] and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.
The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, it came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers. In the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films which resembled print cartoons.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Fine art
2 Print media
2.1 Political cartoons
2.2 Scientific cartoons
2.3 Comic Books
3 Animation
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Bibliography
6 External links
Fine art
Main article: Modello
A cartoon (from Italian: cartone and Dutch: karton—words describing strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or modello for a painting, stained glass, or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days (giornate).[3]
Such cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design so that a bag of soot patted or "pounced" over a cartoon, held against the wall, would leave black dots on the plaster ("pouncing"). Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London, and examples by Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right. Tapestry cartoons, usually colored, were followed with the eye by the weavers on the loom.[2][4]
Print media
John Leech, Cartoon no.1: Substance and Shadow, 1843, satirized preparatory cartoons for frescoes in the Palace of Westminster, creating the modern meaning of "cartoon"
In print media, a cartoon is an illustration or series of illustrations, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates from 1843, when Punch magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages,[5] particularly sketches by John Leech.[6] The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for these drawings was Mr Punch's face is the letter Q and the new title "cartoon" was intended to be ironic, a reference to the self-aggrandizing posturing of Westminster politicians.
Cartoons can be divided into gag cartoons, which include editorial cartoons, and comic strips.
Modern single-panel gag cartoons, found in magazines, generally consist of a single drawing with a typeset caption positioned beneath, or—less often—a speech balloon.[7] Newspaper syndicates have also distributed single-panel gag cartoons by Mel Calman, Bill Holman, Gary Larson, George Lichty, Fred Neher and others. Many consider New Yorker cartoonist Peter Arno the father of the modern gag cartoon (as did Arno himself).[citation needed] The roster of magazine gag cartoonists includes Charles Addams, Charles Barsotti, and Chon Day.
Bill Hoest, Jerry Marcus, and Virgil Partch began as magazine gag cartoonists and moved to syndicated comic strips. Richard Thompson is noteworthy in the area of newspaper cartoon illustration; he illustrated numerous feature articles in The Washington Post before creating his Cul de Sac comic strip. The sports section of newspapers usually featured cartoons, sometimes including syndicated features such as Chester "Chet" Brown's All in Sport.
Editorial cartoons are found almost exclusively in news publications and news websites. Although they also employ humor, they are more serious in tone, commonly using irony or satire. The art usually acts as a visual metaphor to illustrate a point of view on current social or political topics. Editorial cartoons often include speech balloons and sometimes use multiple panels. Editorial cartoonists of note include Herblock, David Low, Jeff MacNelly, Mike Peters, and Gerald Scarfe.[2]
Comic strips, also known as cartoon strips in the United Kingdom, are found daily in newspapers worldwide, and are usually a short series of cartoon illustrations in sequence. In the United States, they are not commonly called "cartoons" themselves, but rather "comics" or "funnies". Nonetheless, the creators of comic strips—as well as comic books and graphic novels—are usually referred to as "cartoonists". Although humor is the most prevalent subject matter, adventure and drama are also represented in this medium. Some noteworthy cartoonists of humorous comic strips are Scott Adams, Steve Bell, Charles Schulz, E. C. Segar, Mort Walker and Bill Watterson.[2]
Political cartoons
Main article: Editorial cartoon
Political cartoons are like illustrated editorial that serve visual commentaries on political events. They offer subtle criticism which are cleverly quoted with humour and satire to the extent that the criticized does not get embitered.
The pictorial satire of William Hogarth is regarded as a precursor to the development of political cartoons in 18th century England.[8] George Townshend produced some of the first overtly political cartoons and caricatures in the 1750s.[8][9] The medium began to develop in the latter part of the 18th century under the direction of its great exponents, James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson, both from London. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, and has been referred to as the father of the political cartoon.[10] By calling the king, prime ministers and generals to account for their behaviour, many of Gillray's satires were directed against George III, depicting him as a pretentious buffoon, while the bulk of his work was dedicated to ridiculing the ambitions of revolutionary France and Napoleon.[10] George Cruikshank became the leading cartoonist in the period following Gillray, from 1815 until the 1840s. His career was renowned for his social caricatures of English life for popular publications.
Nast depicts the Tweed Ring: "Who stole the people's money?" / "'Twas him."
By the mid 19th century, major political newspapers in many other countries featured cartoons commenting on the politics of the day. Thomas Nast, in New York City, showed how realistic German drawing techniques could redefine American cartooning.[11] His 160 cartoons relentlessly pursued the criminal characteristic of the Tweed machine in New York City, and helped bring it down. Indeed, Tweed was arrested in Spain when police identified him from Nast's cartoons.[12] Sir John Tenniel was the toast of London.[13]
Political cartoons can be humorous or satirical, sometimes with piercing effect. The target of the humor may complain, but they can seldom fight back. Lawsuits have been very rare; the first successful lawsuit against a cartoonist in over a century in Britain came in 1921, when J. H. Thomas, the leader of the National Union of Railwaymen (NUR), initiated libel proceedings against the magazine of the British Communist Party. Thomas claimed defamation in the form of cartoons and words depicting the events of "Black Friday", when he allegedly betrayed the locked-out Miners' Federation. To Thomas, the framing of his image by the far left threatened to grievously degrade his character in the popular imagination. Soviet-inspired communism was a new element in European politics, and cartoonists unrestrained by tradition tested the boundaries of libel law. Thomas won the lawsuit and restored his reputation.[14]
Scientific cartoons
Cartoons have also found their place in the world of science, mathematics, and technology. Cartoons related to chemistry are, for example, xkcd, which varies its subject matter, and the Wonderlab, which looks at daily life in the lab. In the U.S., one well-known cartoonist for these fields is Sidney Harris. Not all, but many of Gary Larson's cartoons have a scientific flavor.
Comic Books
Main article: Comic book
Books with cartoons are usually magazine-format "comic books," or occasionally reprints of newspaper cartoons.
In Britain in the 1930s adventure magazines became quite popular, especially those published by DC Thomson; the publisher sent observers around the country to talk to boys and learn what they wanted to read about. The story line in magazines, comic books and cinema that most appealed to boys was the glamorous heroism of British soldiers fighting wars that were exciting and just.[15] D.C. Thomson issued the first The Dandy Comic in December 1937. It had a revolutionary design that broke away from the usual children's comics that were published broadsheet in size and not very colourful. Thomson capitalized on its success with a similar product The Beano in 1938.[16]
On some occasions, new gag cartoons have been created for book publication, as was the case with Think Small, a 1967 promotional book distributed as a giveaway by Volkswagen dealers. Bill Hoest and other cartoonists of that decade drew cartoons showing Volkswagens, and these were published along with humorous automotive essays by such humorists as H. Allen Smith, Roger Price and Jean Shepherd. The book's design juxtaposed each cartoon alongside a photograph of the cartoon's creator.
Animation
An animated cartoon horse, drawn by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos
Main article: Animated cartoon
Because of the stylistic similarities between comic strips and early animated movies, cartoon came to refer to animation, and the word cartoon is currently used in reference to both animated cartoons and gag cartoons.[17] While animation designates any style of illustrated images seen in rapid succession to give the impression of movement, the word "cartoon" is most often used as a descriptor for television programs and short films aimed at children, possibly featuring anthropomorphized animals,[18] superheroes, the adventures of child protagonists or related themes.
In the 1980s, cartoon was shortened to toon, referring to characters in animated productions. This term was popularized in 1988 by the combined live-action/animated film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, followed in 1990 by the animated TV series Tiny Toon Adventures.
See also
Cartoon portal
Comics portal
Arts portal
Visual arts portal
Film portal
Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
Caricature
Comics
Comics studies
Editorial cartoon
List of comic strips
List of cartoonists
List of editorial cartoonists
References
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Becker 1959
Jump up ^ Constable 1954, p. 115.
Jump up ^ Adelson 1994, p. 330.
Jump up ^ Punch.co.uk. "History of the Cartoon".
Jump up ^ Adler & Hill 2008, p. 30.
Jump up ^ Bishop 2009, p. 92.
^ Jump up to: a b Press 1981, p. 34.
Jump up ^ Chris Upton. "Birth of England's pocket cartoon".
^ Jump up to: a b Rowson 2015.
Jump up ^ Adler & Hill 2008, p. 24.
Jump up ^ Adler & Hill 2008, pp. 49–50.
Jump up ^ Morris & Tenniel 2005, p. 344.
Jump up ^ Samuel S. Hyde, "'Please, Sir, he called me “Jimmy!' Political Cartooning before the Law: 'Black Friday,' J.H. Thomas, and the Communist Libel Trial of 1921," Contemporary British History (2011) 25#4 pp 521-550
Jump up ^ Ernest Sackville Turner, Boys Will Be Boys: The Story of Sweeney Todd, Deadwood Dick, Sexton Blake, Billy Bunter, Dick Barton et al. (3rd ed. 1975).
Jump up ^ M. Keith Booker (2014). Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas [4 volumes]: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. p. 74.
Jump up ^ Walasek 2009, p. 116.
Jump up ^ Wells 2008, p. 41.
Bibliography
Adelson, Candace (1994). European tapestry in the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Minnesota: Minneapolis Institute of Arts.
Adler, John; Hill, Draper (2008). Doomed by Cartoon: How Cartoonist Thomas Nast and the New York Times Brought Down Boss Tweed and His Ring of Thieves. Morgan James Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60037-443-2.
Becker, Stephen D.; Goldberg, Rube (1959). Comic Art in America: A Social History of the Funnies, the Political Cartoons, Magazine Humor, Sporting Cartoons, and Animated Cartoons. Simon & Schuster.
Bishop, Franklin (2009). Cartoonist's Bible: An Essential Reference for Practicing Artist. London: Chartwell Books. ISBN 978-0-7858-2085-7.
Blackbeard, Bill, ed. (1977). The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics. Smithsonian Inst. Press.
Constable, William George (1954). The Painter's Workshop. Courier Dover Publications. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
Horn, Maurice (1976). The World Encyclopedia of Comics. Chelsea House.
Morris, Frankie; Tenniel, Sir John (2005). Artist Of Wonderland: The Life, Political Cartoons, And Illustrations Of Tenniel. University of Virginia Press.
Press, Charles (1981). The Political Cartoon. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Robinson, Jerry (1974). The Comics: An Illustrated History of Comic Strip Art. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
Rowson, Martin (21 March 2015). "Satire, sewers and statesmen: why James Gillray was king of the cartoon". The Guardian.
Walasek, Helen (2009). The Best of Punch Cartoons: 2,000 Humor Classics. England: Overlook Press. ISBN 1-5902-0308-9.
Wells, Paul (November 28, 2008). The Animated Bestiary: Animals, Cartoons, and Culture. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4643-8.
Yockey, Steve (2008). Cartoon. Samuel French. ISBN 978-0-573-66383-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cartoons.
Look up cartoon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Dan Becker, History of Cartoons
Marchand collection cartoons and photos
Stamp Act 1765 with British and American cartoons
Harper's Weekly 150 cartoons on elections 1860-1912; Reconstruction topics; Chinese exclusion; plus American Political Prints from the Library of Congress, 1766–1876
"Graphic Witness" political caricatures in history
Keppler cartoons
current editorial cartoons
Index of cartoonists in the Fred Waring Collection
International Society for Humor Studies
Fiore, R. (2010-01-31). "Adventures in Nomenclature: Literal, Liberal and Freestyle". The Comics Journal. Fantagraphics Books. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
Authority control
GND: 4147365-6
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Tennis Court Oath
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Tennis Court Oath (disambiguation).
Drawing by Jacques-Louis David of the Tennis Court Oath. David later became a deputy in the National Convention in 1793
On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Estates-General or the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath (French: Serment du Jeu de Paume), vowing "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established". It was a pivotal event in the French Revolution.
The Estates-General had been called to address the country's fiscal and agricultural crisis, but immediately after convening in May 1789, they had become bogged down in issues of representation—particularly, whether they would vote by head (which would increase the power of the Third Estate, as they outnumbered the other two estates hugely) or by order.
On 17 June, the Third Estate, led by the comte de Mirabeau, began to call themselves the National Assembly.[1] On the morning of 20 June, the deputies were shocked to discover that the chamber door was locked and guarded by soldiers. Immediately fearing the worst and anxious that a royal attack by King Louis XVI was imminent, the deputies congregated in a nearby indoor Jeu de paume court in the Saint-Louis district of the city of Versailles, near the Palace of Versailles.
There, 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate took a collective oath "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established".[2] The only person who did not join was Joseph Martin-Dauch from Castelnaudary, who would only execute decisions made by the king.[3]
Background[edit]
Before the Revolution, French society—aside from royalty—was divided into three Estates. The First Estate comprised the clergy; the Second Estate was the nobility. The entire rest of France—some 98% of the population—was the Third Estate, which ranged from very wealthy city merchants to impoverished rural farmers. The three estates met from time to time in the Estates General, a legislative assembly.[4]
Although the Third Estate was the overwhelming majority of the French population, the makeup of the Estates General was such that the Third Estate comprised a bare majority of the delegates.[citation needed] A simple majority was sufficient—as long as the delegates' votes were cast altogether. The First and Second Estates preferred to divide the vote in some way. A proposal might need to receive approval from each Estate, or there might be two "houses" of the Estates General (one for the first two Estates, and one for the Third), and a bill would need to be passed by both houses. Either way, the First and Second Estates could exercise veto power over proposals enjoying widespread support among the Third Estate, but not the others, such as reforms that threatened the privileges of the nobility and clergy.[clarification needed]
Significance[edit]
This oath would come to have major significance in the revolution as the Third Estate would constantly continue to protest to have more representation.[5] Some historians have argued that, given political tensions in France at that time, the deputies' fears, even if wrong, were reasonable and that the importance of the oath goes above and beyond its context.[6]
The oath was both a revolutionary act, and an assertion that political authority derived from the people and their representatives rather than from the monarch himself. Their solidarity forced Louis XVI to order the clergy and the nobility to join with the Third Estate in the National Assembly in order to give the illusion that he controlled the National Assembly.[1] This oath would prove vital to the Third Estate as a step of protest that would eventually lead to more power in the Estates General, and every governing body thereafter.[7]
The Oath signified for the first time that French citizens formally stood in opposition to Louis XVI, and the National Assembly's refusal to back down forced the king to make concessions. It was foreshadowed by, and drew considerably from, the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence, especially the preamble. The Oath also inspired a wide variety of revolutionary activity in the months afterwards, ranging from rioting across the French countryside to renewed calls for a written French constitution. Likewise, it reinforced the Assembly's strength and forced the King to formally request that voting occur based on head, not power.[citation needed] The Tennis Court Oath, which was taken in June 1789, preceded the 4 August 1789 abolition of feudalism and the 26 August 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tennis Court Oath.
^ Jump up to: a b Doyle, William (1990). The Oxford History of the French Revolution. Oxford University Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-0192852212.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Marshall Putnam (1914). "The Fifth Musketeer: The Marquis de la Fayette". Proceedings of the Bunker Hill Monument Association at the annual meeting. p. 50. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Hanson, Paul R. (2004). Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810850521.
Jump up ^ Estates-General in Encyclopædia Britannica
Jump up ^ John D Ruddy (2015-01-12), French Revolution in 9 Minutes, retrieved 2016-02-29
Jump up ^ Osen, James L. (1995). Royalist Political Thought during the French Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313294419.
Jump up ^ John D Ruddy (2015-01-12), French Revolution in 9 Minutes, retrieved 2016-02-29
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Coordinates: 48°48′04″N 2°07′26″E / 48.8010°N 2.1239°E / 48.8010; 2.1239
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LCCN: sh85133905
SUDOC: 10881257X
BNF: cb15093223n (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tennis_Court_Oath&oldid=836808297"
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