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Evil eye
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Nazars, charms used to ward off the evil eye.
The evil eye is a curse believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury.[1] Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called "evil eyes".[2][3]
The idea expressed by the term causes many different cultures to pursue protective measures against it. The concept and its significance vary widely among different cultures, primarily in West Asia. The idea appears several times in translations of the Old Testament.[4] It was a widely extended belief among many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye, are a common sight across Armenia, Albania, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Morocco, Greece, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria, Southern Spain, and Mexico, and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Classical antiquity
2 Around the world
3 Protective talismans and cures
3.1 In Islam
3.2 Assyrians
3.3 In Judaism
3.4 Turkey
3.5 Ethiopia
3.6 Pakistan
3.7 Greece
3.8 Italy
3.9 Spain and Latin America
3.9.1 Brazil
3.9.2 Mexico
3.10 India
3.11 United States
4 Media and press coverage
5 Names in various languages
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and Aulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's Envy and the Greeks (1978) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye.
Classical antiquity[edit]
Roman-era mosaic from Antioch depicting a plethora of devices against the evil eye
Classical authors attempted to offer explanations for the evil eye. Plutarch's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief, if not sole, source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye. Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity.
The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the Roman Empire. There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye. In Roman times, not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes, especially those of Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye. The phallic charm called fascinum in Latin, from the verb fascinare, "to cast a spell" (the origin of the English word "fascinate"), was used against the evil eye.
The spreading in the belief of the evil eye across the Near East is believed by some to have been propagated by the Empire of Alexander the Great, which spread this and other Greek ideas across his empire.[citation needed]
Around the world[edit]
Tree with nazars in Cappadocia, Turkey.
Belief in the evil eye is strongest in West Asia, Latin America, East and West Africa, Central America, Central Asia, and Europe, especially the Mediterranean region; it has also spread to areas, including northern Europe, particularly in the Celtic regions, and the Americas, where it was brought by European colonists and West Asian immigrants.[citation needed]
Belief in the evil eye is found in the Islamic doctrine, based upon the statement of Prophet Muhammad, "The influence of an evil eye is a fact..." [Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Number 5427].[5] Authentic practices of warding off the evil eye are also commonly practiced by Muslims: rather than directly expressing appreciation of, for example, a child's beauty, it is customary to say Masha'Allah, that is, "God has willed it", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired.[6] A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection.
In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally.[7] Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by John Phillip, below, we witness the culture-clash experienced by a woman who suspects that the artist's gaze implies that he is looking at her with the evil eye.
Among those who do not take the evil eye literally, either by reason of the culture in which they were raised or because they simply do not believe it, the phrase, "to give someone the evil eye" usually means simply to glare at the person in anger or disgust. The term has entered into common usage within the English language. Within the broadcasting industry it refers to when a presenter signals to the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time.[8]
Protective talismans and cures[edit]
The Hamsa, a charm made to ward off the evil eye.
Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye has resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures. As a class, they are called "apotropaic" (Greek for "prophylactic" / προφυλακτικός or "protective", literally: "turns away") talismans, meaning that they turn away or turn back harm.
Disks or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from inside to outside, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found on the prows of Mediterranean boats and elsewhere; in some forms of the folklore, the staring eyes are supposed to bend the malicious gaze back to the sorcerer.
Known as nazar (Turkish: nazar boncuğu or nazarlık), this talisman is most frequently seen in Turkey, found in or on houses and vehicles or worn as beads.
Detail of a 19th-century Anatolian kilim, with rows of crosses (Turkish: Haç) and scattered S-shaped hooks (Turkish: Çengel), both to ward off the evil eye[9]
A blue or green eye can also be found on some forms of the hamsa hand, an apotropaic hand-shaped talisman against the evil eye found in West Asia. The word hamsa, also spelled khamsa and hamesh, means "five" referring to the fingers of the hand. In Jewish culture, the hamsa is called the Hand of Miriam; in some Muslim cultures, the Hand of Fatima. Though condemned as superstition by doctrinaire Muslims, it is almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and Mediterranean that the belief in envious looks containing destructive power or the talismanic power of a nazar to defend against them. To adherents of other faiths in the region, the nazar is an attractive decoration.
A variety of motifs to ward off the evil eye are commonly woven into tribal kilim rugs. Such motifs include a cross (Turkish: Haç) to divide the evil eye into four, a hook (Turkish: Çengel) to destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason.[9]
In Islam[edit]
Evil eye, Isabat al-’ayn, is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say "Masha'Allah" (ما شاء الله) ("God has willed it.") and also "TabarakAllah" (تبارك الله) ("Blessings of God") to ward off the evil eye. Reciting Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas from the Qur'an, three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye.[10] Still in Islam, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Founder of Muridism in Senegal, wrote a Qassida (prayers and duah) called "As Sindidi" ("The Generous Chief"), on which He praises God with these words against evil eye:[11] "Be He, who will protect me against the evil of the Jealous, the mischief of the evil whisperer, from the mischief of the envier when he envies. O Allah! Be my refuge against the evil of the magic, against the evil of the Jinn, and other venomous creatures. O Allah!" (in Arabic transcript):[12]
Assyrians[edit]
A Ruby Eye Pendant from an ancient civilization in Mesopotamia was possibly used as amulet to protect against evil eyes. Adilnor Collection.
Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye. They will usually wear a blue/turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye. Also, they might pinch the buttocks, comparable to Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect.[citation needed][clarification needed] A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make the sign of the cross with your hand and point two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger, towards the supposed source of influence or supposed victim as described in the first chapter of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula published in 1897:
When we started, the crowd round the inn door, which had by this time swelled to a considerable size, all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers towards me. With some difficulty, I got a fellow passenger to tell me what they meant. He would not answer at first, but on learning that I was English, he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye.[13]
In Judaism[edit]
The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic Pirkei Avot (Ethics of Our Fathers). In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad. Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that a "good eye" designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others. Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when his fellow man prospers; he will wish everyone well.[14] An "evil eye" denotes the opposite attitude. A man with "an evil eye" will not only feel no joy but experience actual distress when others prosper, and will rejoice when others suffer. A person of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity.[15] Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own, good luck that has come to them and, in particular, their children. If any of these are mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say "b'li ayin hara" (Hebrew), meaning "without an evil eye", or "kein eina hara" (Yiddish; often shortened to "kennahara"), "no evil eye". Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times (or pretend to). Romans call this custom "despuere malum," to spit at evil. [16]It has also been suggested[by whom?] the 10th commandment: "do not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor" is a law against bestowing the evil eye on another person.
Turkey[edit]
Main article: Nazar (amulet)
Traditionally shaped nazar ornaments
A typical nazar is made of handmade glass featuring concentric circles or teardrop shapes in dark blue, white, light blue and black, occasionally with a yellow/gold edge.[17]
As a legacy of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, it is a common sight in Turkey, Romania, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, Armenia, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq and Azerbaijan,[18] where the nazar is often hung in homes, offices, cars, children's clothing, or incorporated in jewellery and ornaments.[17] They are a popular choice of souvenir with tourists.
Ethiopia[edit]
Main article: Buda (folk religion)
Belief in the evil eye, or buda (var. bouda), is widespread in Ethiopia.[19] Buda is generally believed to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group, for example among the Beta Israel or metalworkers. Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or talisman, known as a kitab, or will invoke God's name, to ward off the ill effects of buda.[20] A debtera, who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson, will create these protective amulets or talismans.[21][22]
Pakistan[edit]
In Pakistan, the evil eye is called Nazar (نظر). People usually may resort to reading the last three chapters of the Quran, namely Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas. "Masha'Allah" (ما شاء الله) ("God has willed it.") is commonly said to ward off the evil eye. Understanding of evil eye varies by the level of education. Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from evil eye. Others use "taawiz" to ward off evil eye. Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent evil eye.[23]
Greece[edit]
The evil eye, known as μάτι (mati), "eye", as an apotropaic visual device, is known to have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels.[24] In Greece, the evil eye is cast away through the process of xematiasma (ξεμάτιασμα), whereby the "healer" silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex, usually a grandparent. Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances, according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, a common one being: "Holy Virgin, Our Lady, if [insert name of the victim] is suffering of the evil eye, release him/her of it." Evil repeated three times. According to custom, if one is indeed afflicted with the evil eye, both victim and "healer" then start yawning profusely. The "healer" then performs the sign of the cross three times, and emits spitting-like sounds in the air three times. A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Bulgaria.
Another "test" used to check if the evil eye was cast is that of the oil: under normal conditions, olive oil floats in water, as it is less dense than water. The test of the oil is performed by placing one drop of olive oil in a glass of water, typically holy water.[citation needed] If the drop floats, the test concludes there is no evil eye involved. If the drop sinks, then it is asserted that the evil eye is cast indeed. Another form of the test is to place two drops of olive oil into a glass of water. If the drops remain separated, the test concludes there is no evil eye, but if they merge, there is. There is also a third form where in a plate full of water the "healer" places three or nine drops of oil. If the oil drops become larger and eventually dissolve in the water there is evil eye. If the drops remain separated from water in a form of a small circle there isn't. The first drops are the most important and the number of drops that dissolve in water indicate the strength of the evil eye.
There is another form of the "test" where the "healer" prepares a few cloves by piercing each one with a pin. Then she lights a candle and grabs a pinned clove with a pair of scissors. She then uses it to do the sign of the cross over the afflicted whilst the afflicted is asked to think of a person who may have given him the evil eye. Then the healer holds the clove over the flame. If the clove burns silently, there is no evil eye present; however, if the clove explodes or burns noisily, that means the person in the thoughts of the afflicted is the one who has cast the evil eye.[citation needed] As the clove explodes, the evil eye is released from the afflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to "I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye." Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but it stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble.
The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or vaskania (βασκανία) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon (Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον) book of prayers.[citation needed]
Italy[edit]
Various evil eye amulets from Italy such as the cornicello, cimaruta, and lunula (1895).
The cornicello, "little horn", also called the cornetto ("little horn", plural cornetti), is a long, gently twisted horn-shaped amulet. Cornicelli are usually carved out of red coral or made from gold or silver. The type of horn they are intended to copy is not a curled-over sheep horn or goat horn but rather like the twisted horn of an African eland or a chili pepper.[25]
One idea that the ribald suggestions made by sexual symbols distract the witch from the mental effort needed to successfully bestow the curse. Another is that since the effect of the eye was to dry up liquids, the drying of the phallus (resulting in male impotence) would be averted by seeking refuge in the moist female genitals. Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in the Mediterranean nations, those who were not fortified with phallic charms had to make use of sexual gestures to avoid the eye. Such gestures include the mano cornuta gesture and the fig sign; a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers, representing the phallus within the vagina. In addition to the phallic talismans, statues of hands in these gestures, or covered with magical symbols, were carried by the Romans as talismans. In Latin America, carvings of the fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers continue to be carried as good luck charms.
Two handsigns (fig sign and horned sign) used in Italy against the evil eye (1914).
The wielder of the evil eye, the jettatore, is described as having a striking facial appearance, high arching brows with a stark stare that leaps from his black eyes. He often has a reputation for clandestine involvement with dark powers and is the object of gossip about dealings in magic and other forbidden practices. Successful men having tremendous personal magnetism quickly gain notoriety as jettatori. Pope Pius IX was dreaded for his evil eye, and a whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century. Public figures of every type, from poets to gangsters, have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes.[26]
Spain and Latin America[edit]
The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this superstition in Latin America.
In Mexico and Central America, infants are considered at special risk for the evil eye (see mal de ojo, above) and are often given an amulet bracelet as protection, typically with an eye-like spot painted on the amulet. Another preventive measure is allowing admirers to touch the infant or child; in a similar manner, a person wearing an item of clothing that might induce envy may suggest to others that they touch it or some other way dispel envy.
One traditional cure in rural Mexico involves a curandero (folk healer) sweeping a raw chicken egg over the body of a victim to absorb the power of the person with the evil eye. The egg is later broken into a glass with water and placed under the bed of the patient near the head. Sometimes it is checked immediately because the egg appears as if it has been cooked. When this happens it means that the patient did have Mal De Ojo. Somehow the Mal De Ojo has transferred to the egg and the patient immediately gets well. (Fever, pain and diarrhea, nausea/vomiting goes away instantly) In the traditional Hispanic culture of the Southwestern United States and some parts of Mexico, the egg may be passed over the patient in a cross-shaped pattern all over the body, while reciting The Lord's Prayer. The egg is also placed in a glass with water, under the bed and near the head, sometimes it is examined right away or in the morning and if the egg looks like it has been cooked then it means that they did have Mal de Ojo and the patient will start feeling better. Sometimes if the patient starts getting ill and someone knows that they had stared at patient, usually a child, if the person who stared goes to the child and touches them, the child's illness goes away immediately so the Mal De Ojo energy is released.[27]
In some parts of South America the act of ojear, which could be translated as to give someone the evil eye, is an involuntary act. Someone may ojear babies, animals and inanimate objects just by staring and admiring them. This may produce illness, discomfort or possibly death on babies or animals and failures on inanimate objects like cars or houses. It's a common belief that since this is an involuntary act made by people with the heavy look, the proper way of protection is by attaching a red ribbon to the animal, baby or object, in order to attract the gaze to the ribbon rather than to the object intended to be protected.[28]
Brazil[edit]
Brazilians generally will associate mal-olhado, mau-olhado ("act of giving a bad look") or olho gordo ("fat eye" i.e. "gluttonous eye") with envy or jealousy on domestic and garden plants (that, after months or years of health and beauty, will suddenly weaken, wither and die, with no apparent signs of pest, after the visitation of a certain friend or relative), attractive hair and less often economic or romantic success and family harmony.
Unlike in most cultures mal-olhado is not seen to be something that risks young babies. "Pagans" or non-baptized children are instead assumed to be at risk from bruxas (witches), that have malignant intention themselves rather than just mal-olhado. It probably reflects the Galician folktales about the meigas or Portuguese magas, (witches), as Colonial Brazil was primarily settled by Portuguese people, in numbers greater than all Europeans to settle pre-independence United States. Those bruxas are interpreted to have taken the form of moths, often very dark, that disturb children at night and take away their energy. For that reason, Christian Brazilians often have amulets in the form of crucifixes around, beside or inside beds where children sleep.
Nevertheless, older children, especially boys, that fulfill the cultural ideals of behaving extremely well (for example, having no problems whatsoever in eating well a great variety of foods, being obedient and respectful toward adults, kind, polite, studious, and demonstrating no bad blood with other children or their siblings) who unexpectedly turn into problematic adolescents or adults (for example lacking good health habits, extreme laziness or lacking motivation towards their life goals, having eating disorders, or being prone to delinquency), are said to have been victims of mal-olhado coming from parents of children whose behavior was not as admirable.
Amulets that protect against mal-olhado tend to be generally resistant, mildly to strongly toxic and dark plants in specific and strategic places of a garden or the entry to a house. Those include comigo-ninguém-pode ("against-me-nobody-cans"), Dieffenbachia (the dumbcane), espada-de-são-jorge ("St. George's sword"), Sansevieria trifasciata (the snake plant or mother-in-law's tongue) and guiné ("Guinea"), among various other names, Petiveria alliacea (the guinea henweed). For those lacking in space or wanting to "sanitize" specific places, they may all be planted together in a single sete ervas ("seven [lucky] herbs") pot, that will also include arruda (common rue), pimenteira (Capsicum annuum), manjericão (basil) and alecrim (rosemary).[29] (Though the last four ones should not be used for their common culinary purposes by humans.) Other popular amulets against evil eye include: the use of mirrors, on the outside of your home's front door, or also inside your home facing your front door; an elephant figurine with its back to the front door; and coarse salt, placed in specific places at home.[30]
Mexico[edit]
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Mal ojo often occurs without the dimension of envy, but insofar as envy is a part of ono,[disambiguation needed] it is a variant of this underlying sense of insecurity and relative vulnerability to powerful, hostile forces in the environment. In her study of medical attitudes in the Santa Clara Valley of California, Margaret Clark arrives at essentially the same conclusion: "Among the Spanish-speaking folk of Sal si Puedes, the patient is regarded as a passive and innocent victim of malevolent forces in his environment. These forces may be witches, evil spirits, the consequences of poverty, or virulent bacteria that invade his body. The scapegoat may be a visiting social worker who unwittingly 'cast the evil eye' ... Mexican folk concepts of disease are based in part on the notion that people can be victimized by the careless or malicious behavior of others".[citation needed]
Another aspect of the mal ojo syndrome in Ixtepeji is a disturbance of the hot-cold equilibrium in the victim. According to folk belief, the bad effects of an attack result from the "hot" force of the aggressor entering the child's body and throwing it out of balance. Currier has shown how the Mexican hot-cold system is an unconscious folk model of social relations upon which social anxieties are projected. According to Currier, "the nature of Mexican peasant society is such that each individual must continuously attempt to achieve a balance between two opposing social forces: the tendency toward intimacy and that toward withdrawal. [It is therefore proposed] that the individual's continuous preoccupation with achieving a balance between 'heat' and 'cold' is a way of reenacting, in symbolic terms, a fundamental activity in social relations."[31]
India[edit]
Main article: Nazar Battu
In North India, the evil eye is called "Drishti" (meaning gaze or vision) or more commonly as Buri Nazar. A charm bracelet, tattoo or other object (Nazar battu), or a slogan (Chashme Baddoor (slogan)), may be used to ward-off the evil eye. Some truck owners write the slogan to ward off the evil eye: "buri nazar wale tera muh kala" ("O evil-eyed one, may your face turn black").
In general in India, if gone through time up to historical myths, babies and newborn infants will have their eye adorned with kajal, or eyeliner. This would be black, as it is believed in India that black wards off the evil eye or any evil auras. In South India (Andhra Pradesh), people call it as 'Disti' or 'Drusti'. To remove Disti people follow several methods based on their culture/area. Items used to remove Disti either Rock salt or Red chilies or Oiled cloth. Taking one of this item, people remove Disti by rotating their hand with one of the item above around the person who affected by Disti and they will burn the item.[32]
United States[edit]
In 1946, the American magician Henri Gamache published a text called Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed! (later reprinted as Protection against Evil), which offers directions to defend oneself against the evil eye.[33]
Media and press coverage[edit]
In some cultures over-complimenting is said to cast a curse. So does envy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book The Evil Eye by folklorist Alan Dundes,[34] the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians, Muslims, and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands with an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters.[35]
Names in various languages[edit]
In most languages, the name translates literally into English as "bad eye", "evil eye", "evil look", or just "the eye". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are:
In Albanian it is known as "syri i keq" (Standart and Tosk), or as "syni keq" (Gheg) meaning "bad eye". Also "mësysh" is used commonly, meaning "cast an evil eye".
In Arabic, ʿayn al-ḥasūd, عين الحسود, "the eye of envy". ʿAyn ḥārrah (عين حارّة) is also used, literally translating to "hot eye".
In Armenian, char atchk (չար աչքն) "evil eye" or "bad eye". Regarding the act of giving an evil gaze, it is said (directly translated), "to give with the eye" or in Armenian, "atchkov tal".
In Azerbaijani, "Göz dəyməsi" – translating as being struck by an eye
In Chinese it is called 邪惡之眼 (Hant) / 邪恶之眼 (Hans) (xié è zhī yǎn, literally "evil eye")
In Dutch it is called "het boze oog", literally "the malicious eye" or "the angry eye"
In Galician, it is called "meigallo", from meiga, "witch" (and maybe -allo, diminutive or aumentative suffix; or contracted with either ollo, "eye"; or allo, "garlic").
In German, it is called "böser Blick", literally "evil gaze".
In Greek, to matiasma (μάτιασμα) or mati (μάτι) someone refers to the act of casting the evil eye (mati being the Greek word for eye); also: vaskania (βασκανία, the Greek word for jinx)[36]
In Hebrew, ʿáyin hā-ráʿ (עַיִן הָרַע, "eye of evil")
In Hindustani and other languages of South Asia, (Hindi: nazar (नज़र); nazar lagna (नज़र लगना)) means to be afflicted by the evil eye. (However, it generally has no evil connotations because a doting mother's eye can supposedly also cause harm.) In Urdu, another variant of Hindustani, nazar" (نظر)"Chashm-é bad"( چشمِ بد) ; nazar lagna means to be afflicted by the evil eye.
In Hungarian, gonosz szem means "evil eye", but more widespread is the expression szemmelverés (lit. "beating with eye"), which refers to the supposed/alleged act of harming one by an evil look
In Irish, the term drochshúil is used for the 'evil eye', being a compound of 'droch' (bad, poor, evil, ill) and 'súil (eye). This can also be used to refer to someone with weak eyesight.
In Italian, the word malocchio refers to the evil eye.
In Japanese it is known as "邪視" ("jashi").
In Kannada, it is called "drishti". (But cf. "Drishti (yoga)".)
In Ke/Tz Luo, it is called "Sihoho/Juog wang'".
In Macedonian it is known as урокливо око.
In Malayalam it is known as kannu veykkuka – to cast an evil eye while "kannu peduka" means to be on the receiving end of the malefic influence. "kannu dosham" refers to a bad effect caused by an evil eye.
In Neapolitan it is known as "'o mma'uocchje" which translates literally into "the evil/bad/maleficent eye", which afflicts people, especially women and children who are supposedly the most vulnerable, with multiple issues and problems, stemming from pre-natal issues, miscarriages, early childhood death or sickness or death of a mother during birth, as well as afflicting women with infertility, sexual problems, early widowhood, etc., while afflicted men suffer from cancer, laziness, greed, gluttony, and other diseases, disabilities and ailments.
In Persian it is known as "چشم زخم" (injurious look/eyes causing injury) or "چشم شور" (omen eye)[37] "Cheshmeh Hasood", meaning Jealous eye, or "Cheshme Nazar" meaning evil eye.
In Polish it is known as "złe oko" or "złe spojrzenie".
In Pashto it is known as"بدو سترګو وهل"(bado stargo wahal)and also "نظر وهل"(Nazar wahal)
In Portuguese, it is called "mau olhado", ou "olho gordo" (literally "fat eye"). The first expression is used in Portugal and second one is more common in Brazil.
In Romanian, it is known as "deochi", meaning literally "un-eye".
In Russian, "дурной глаз" (durnoy glaz) means "bad/evil eye"; "сглаз" (sglaz) literally means "from eye".
In Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language, it is called "drishti dosha" (दृष्टि दोष) meaning malice caused by evil eye. (But cf. "drishti (yoga)".)
In Serbo-Croatian (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin), it is called Urokljivo oko (Cyr. Урокљиво око).[38] First word is adjective of the word urok/урок, which means spell or curse, and the second one means eye.
In Somali, it is called "il", or "Ilaaco" or "Qumayo" ( first word literally meaning "eye" and the other two words meaning envy eye)
In Spanish, mal de ojo literally means "evil from the eye" as the name does not refer to the actual eye but to the evil that supposedly comes from it. Casting the evil eye is then echar mal de ojo, i.e. "to cast evil from the eye".[39]
In Tamil, "கண் படுதல்" (kan padudhal) literally means "casting an eye" (with an intention to cause harm). "கண்ணூறு" (kannooru) "harm from the eye"
In Turkish kem göz means evil eye and the cure is having a "nazar boncuğu", the nazar amulet.
See also[edit]
John Phillip, The Evil Eye (1859), a self-portrait depicting the artist sketching a Spanish gypsy who thinks she is being given the evil eye.
Amulet
Balor of the Evil Eye – a character in Irish legend
Basilisk – Death glance/petrifying glance
Cockatrice – Death glance/petrifying glance
Cornicello – Italian amulet used to ward off the evil eye
Envy
Eye bead
Eye of Horus – an Ancient Egyptian symbol of protection and power against evil.
Eye of Providence – a symbol showing an eye surrounded by rays of light or a glory, and usually enclosed by a triangle.
Eye of Sauron – a fictional eye from The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien
Hamsa
Harmal
Lashon hara – Jewish concept of the "evil tongue"
Matthew 6:23 "If thine eye be evil" – The evil eye as ungenerosity of spirit, hence darkness / blindness / evil itself. (A saying of Jesus.)
Medusa and Gorgon – Petrification glance (Stone glance), picture also used on as protection from evil eye.
Mirror armour, which is believed as protection not from only cold steel and arrows, but also from evil eye
Nazar
Chasme Battu – from North India and Pakistan
Red string (Kabbalah)
Scopophobia
Sign of the horns – horned hand gesture used for warding off the Evil Eye and other purposes
Thousand mile stare – a relatively common phenomenon that may be mistaken for the evil eye.
Usog – a Filipino version.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ross, C (2010). "Hypothesis:The Electrophysicological Basis of the Evil Eye Belief". Anthropology of Consciousness. 21: 47. doi:10.1111/j.1556-3537.2010.01020.x.
Jump up ^ "Definition for "evil eye" from Merriam Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31.
Jump up ^ "evil eye (occult)". Encyclopædia Britannica.
Jump up ^ Ulmer, Rivka (1994). KTAV Publishing House, Inc., ed. The evil eye in the Bible and in rabbinic literature. p. 176. ISBN 0-88125-463-0.
Jump up ^ "USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts". Usc.edu.
Jump up ^ "Du'a – What to say when in fear of afflicting something or someone with one?s eye". Makedua.com.
Jump up ^ Cora Lynn Daniels, et al., eds, Encyclopædia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World (Volume III), p. 1273, Univ. Press of the Pacific, Honolulu, ISBN 1-4102-0916-4
Jump up ^ "He may sound like a Dalek doing a bad impression of Kenneth Williams, but why DO so many BBC stars want to exterminate Pesto?". Daily Mail. 18 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Erbek, Güran (1998). Kilim Catalogue No. 1. May Selçuk A. S. Edition=1st.
Jump up ^ Definition of the evil eye, and ways of protecting oneself against it and treating it, Islam Questions and Answers
Jump up ^ Sindidi. Daaraykamil.com
Jump up ^ Sindidi. Al-himma.com
Jump up ^ Dracula, Bram Stoker's novel 1897 edition online. p. ?
Jump up ^ "Evil Eye in Judaism". My Jewish Learning.
Jump up ^ Chapters of the Fathers, Translation & Commentary by Samson Raphael Hirsch, Feldheim Publishers, ISBN 0-87306-182-9 pg. 32
Jump up ^ Joyce Eisenberg and Ellen Scolnic. "The Whole Spiel: Funny essays about digital nudniks, seder selfies and chicken soup memories," Incompra Press, ISBN 978-0-692-72625-9 pg. 153
^ Jump up to: a b Lonely Planet Middle East.Lonely Planet; 6 edition, 2009, p. 559.
Jump up ^ Stoltz, Dustin (May 26, 2012). "The Evil Eye and Mountain Karma in Azerbaijan". www.dustinstoltz.com.
Jump up ^ Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices". A Country Study: Ethiopia. Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds. Washington: Library of Congress Federal Research Division, 1991.
Jump up ^ Kemp, Charles. "Ethiopians & Eritreans." Refugee Health – Immigrant Health. Waco, TX: Baylor University.
Jump up ^ Finneran, Niall. "Ethiopian Evil Eye Belief and the Magical Symbolism of Iron Working." Folklore, Vol. 114, 2003.
Jump up ^ Geleta, Amsalu Tadesse. "Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches Archived 2010-01-01 at the Wayback Machine.". Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, Nairobi, August 2000.
Jump up ^ Ghilzai, S.A., and Kanwal, A. (2016) Semiotic Analysis of Evil Eye Beliefs among Pakistani Cultures and their Predetermined Behaviour. Research Issues in social sciences, 47-67.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. 2000, p. 69. ISBN 0877790442.
Jump up ^ Lucky Mojo. "The Corno (Italian Horn Amulet)". Retrieved 9 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Clarence. The Evil Eye. New York: Columbia UP, 1976. p. 29. ISBN 0-231-04006-7.
Jump up ^ "Medical Anthropology: Explanations of Illness". Archived from the original on 2012-08-17.
Jump up ^ Flórez, Franz. "El Mal de Ojo de la Etnografía Clásica y La Limpia Posmoderna" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-27.
Jump up ^ Guizetti, Franco. "Conheça o poder e a proteção das sete ervas" (in Portuguese). Retrieved Jan 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Caires, Olivia. "Proteja sua casa do mau olhado" (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Clarence. The Evil Eye. New York: Columbia UP, 1976. p. 184. ISBN 0-231-04006-7.
Jump up ^ Amariglio, Jack; Cullenberg, Stephen E; Ruccio, David F (2013). Post-Modernism, Economics and Knowledge. Routledge. pp. 217–. ISBN 978-1-134-83668-0.
Jump up ^ Gamache, Henri (1946) Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed Raymond Publishing, New York, OCLC 9989883; reprinted in 1969 as Protection Against Evil Dorene, Dallas, Texas, OCLC 39132235
Jump up ^ Dundes, Alan (ed.) (1992) The Evil Eye: A Casebook University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, ISBN 0-299-13334-6; originally published in 1981 by Garland Publishing, New York
Jump up ^ Rizzo, Johnna (April 2013) National Geographic Magazine
Jump up ^ Vaskania (Βασκανία) in Εγκυκλοπαιδικό Λεξικό Ελευθερουδάκη, (Encyclopedic Lexicon Eleftheroudakis) ed. 1928
Jump up ^ loghatnaameh.com. "Dictionary of Dehkhoda – لغت‌نامه دهخدا". Loghatnaameh.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18.
Jump up ^ "Hakim Bey: Urokljivo oko (evil eye)". Kontrapunkt. February 7, 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Real Academia Española de la Lengua. Diccionario Usual" (in Spanish). Buscon.rae.es.
Further reading[edit]
Borthwick, E. Kerr (2001) "Socrates, Socratics, and the Word ΒΛΕΠΕΔΑΙΜΩΝ" The Classical Quarterly New Series, 51(1): pp. 297–301
Dickie, Mathew W. (January 1991) "Heliodorus and Plutarch on the Evil Eye" Classical Philology 86(1): pp. 17–29
Elliott, John H. (2015) Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World: Volume 1: Introduction, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. Eugene, OR: Cascade.
Elliott, John H. (2016) Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World: Volume 2: Greece and Rome. Eugene, OR: Cascade.
Elworthy, Frederick Thomas (1895) The Evil Eye. An Account of this Ancient & Widespread Superstition John Murray, London, OCLC 2079005; reprinted in 2004 as: The Evil Eye: The Classic Account of an Ancient Superstition Dover Publications, Mineola, New York, ISBN 0-486-43437-0 (online text)
Gifford, Edward S. (1958) The Evil Eye: Studies in the Folklore of Vision Macmillan, New York, OCLC 527256
Jones, Louis C. (1951) "The Evil Eye among European-Americans" Western Folklore 10(1): pp. 11–25
Limberis, Vasiliki (April 1991) "The Eyes Infected by Evil: Basil of Caesarea's Homily" The Harvard Theological Review 84(2): pp. 163–184
Lykiardopoulos, Amica (1981) "The Evil Eye: Towards an Exhaustive Study" Folklore 92(2): pp. 221–230
Meerloo, Joost Abraham Maurits (1971) Intuition and the Evil Eye: The Natural History of a Superstition Servire, Wassenaar, Netherlands, OCLC 415660
Slone, Kathleen Warner and Dickie, M.W. (1993) "A Knidian Phallic Vase from Corinth" Hesperia 62(4): pp. 483–505
Mal de ojo
External links[edit]
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Look up evil eye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Evil Eye.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evil eye.
The Evil Eye Protection in History
The Evil Eye Meaning
A Discourse on the Worship of Priapus by Richard Payne Knight (1786), mentions phallic charms against the Evil Eye in ancient Rome.
The Evil Eye at Fortean Times
The Evil Eye by Frederick Thomas Elworthy
Evil Eye by Hakim Bey
What is an "Ayin Hara" (evil eye)? – "Ask the Rabbi" at Ohr Somayach

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Postman Pat: The Movie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Postman Pat: The Movie
UK theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mike Disa
Produced by
Robert Anich Cole
Screenplay by
Nicole Dubuc
Story by
Annika Bluhm
Kim Fuller
Based on
Postman Pat
by John Cunliffe and
Ivor Wood
Starring
Stephen Mangan
Jim Broadbent
Rupert Grint
David Tennant
Ronan Keating
Susan Duerden
Sandra Teles
TJ Ramini
Peter Woodward
Music by
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Edited by
Robert David Sanders
Production
company
Classic Media
RGH Pictures
Timeless Films
Distributed by
Icon Productions[1]
Lionsgate[1]
Release date
23 May 2014 (2014-05-23)[2]
Running time
88 minutes[3]
Country
United Kingdom[4]
United States[4]
Language
English
Box office
$8.6 million[5]
Postman Pat: The Movie is a 2014 British-American 3D computer animated children's comedy film based on the television series Postman Pat by John Cunliffe and Ivor Wood.
It was directed by Mike Disa, produced by Robert Anich Cole, written and screenplay by Nicole Dubuc, with music by Rupert Gregson-Williams. It was co-produced by Classic Media, RGH Pictures and Timeless Films,[4] The film stars Stephen Mangan, Jim Broadbent, Rupert Grint, David Tennant, Ronan Keating, Susan Duerden, Sandra Teles, TJ Ramini and Peter Woodward. It was released on 23 May 2014 by Icon Productions and Lionsgate. Reviews were varied; some critics praised the film's direction, humour and voice acting, while others found it too complicated and frightening in comparison to the television series. The film grossed $8,660,022 worldwide.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Release
3.1 Theatrical release
3.2 Home media
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Box office
4.3 Accolades
4.3.1 Awards
5 Music
5.1 Soundtrack
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Patrick "Pat" Clifton also known as "Postman Pat" (voiced by Stephen Mangan), is a friendly postman who has been delivering letters in the village of Greendale in the north of England for years. He wants to take his wife, Sara (voiced by Susan Duerden), on a late honeymoon to Italy. He plans to afford it through a bonus from his employer, the Special Delivery Service (SDS), but their new boss, Edwin Carbunkle (voiced by Peter Woodward), has cancelled all bonuses. He plans to make SDS more efficient by replacing its human workers with robots, thinking that being friendly is a waste of time.
When Pat gets home and tries to tell Sara about the fact that the honeymoon is cancelled because the new boss has cancelled all bonuses, his son Julian (voiced by Sandra Teles) shows Pat a TV talent show, You're the One, hosted by Simon Cowbell (voiced by Robin Atkin Downes in typical Simon Cowell voice), which states the next auditions are coming to Greendale. Cowbell also confirms that the person who wins the contest will be awarded a holiday to Italy and a recording contract. Pat decides to take part in the contest and his unexpected singing voice (played by Ronan Keating) wins the contest. Pat is to sing again in the finale, in a head-to-head contest with the winner of another heat, Josh (voiced by Rupert Grint). His manager, Wilf (voiced by David Tennant), however, is very keen to make sure it is his client who wins at all costs.
The Chief Executive Officer of the SDS, Mr. Brown (voiced by Jim Broadbent), and Edwin Carbunkle had been watching the contest on TV. They say that they would like to use Pat in a publicity campaign including his own television series. Carbunkle also confirms that because Pat will be away participating in the contest, a robot replica of him called the "Patbot 3000" will be taking over his postal duties, along with another robot replica of Jess called the "Jessbot" as well. After Pat has gone, the Patbot delivers the rounds like Pat normally does, but it behaves oddly and the people of Greendale are starting to complain about Pat behaving in such a way. Sara and Julian are starting to worry about Pat too.
Meanwhile, Ben Taylor (voiced by TJ Ramini), the manager at the SDS, is fired by Carbunkle and is convinced that Pat doesn't want him anymore, not realising that Pat is a robot. Meanwhile, Wilf tries his schemes to stop Pat, not realising that Pat going around Greendale is in fact a robot. The more Pat's family and friends become concerned, the more Pat feels guilty about coming on the contest in the first place. And despite Pat's efforts to tell his wife the truth about why he entered the competition, he fails and starts to become fearful that he might have pushed his family away. It isn't until shortly after Pat's departure that some people in Greendale discover that there appears to be more than one Pat and Edwin Carbunkle's true intent is exposed. It turns out that Carbunkle is in fact making these robots to try and take over the world. Ben Taylor rushes to tell Sara and Julian the terrible truth about Mr Carbunkle's plan, leaving them both shocked.
Now fully aware of Carbunkle's plan, a desperate Sara informs the whole of Greendale about Carbuncle's true intentions and explaining that deep down, Pat has not changed. They all agree to head to London to support Pat, in an effort to thwart Carbuncle's plan. Meanwhile, Jess, who had been stowing away on one of the SDS helicopter replicas that one of the Patbot 3000s used, manages to make his way to where Pat’s performance, and he helps Pat escape after he is almost locked away in a dressing room by a Patbot and Mr Carbunkle, who reveals that Pat's publicity was just to make people like him, so Mr Carbunkle could replace him with Patbots. They are then pursued by the Patbots.
Meanwhile, in the performance, a Patbot performs instead of Pat, unbeknown to the audience. Wilf, knowing it to be a robot (and not realising there is the real Pat too), tries to unmask the Patbot. Then, the real Pat interrupts the performance. As Carbunkle releases the first few Patbots to kill off Pat, Simon Cowbell and Mr Brown, revealing that he has had enough of them hindering his plans, Josh saves them. Little does Pat know that his wife and friends from Greendale arrive in the chaos.
As soon as Carbunkle is arrested on suspicion of attempted murder, everything is back to normal. Unaware that Sara listening, Pat expresses that he is only doing this competition to win the flight tickets for their honeymoon. Sara is suddenly heard calling Pat's name. Once Pat catches sight of Sara, it dawns on him that Sara has heard the truth about why he entered the competition, and is fully aware of Carbuncle's plan. Now fully aware that Sara has forgiven him, Pat decides to do his act, but decides to change the act slightly. Sara also takes part in the act. They both win the holiday to Italy, but pass the recording contract to Josh, so Wilf is happy too, and all is forgiven.
Cast[edit]
Stephen Mangan as Pat Clifton (Postman Pat), Patbot 3000
Susan Duerden as Sara Clifton
Sandra Teles as Julian Clifton
Mike Disa as Jess, UDM 3000, Jessbot 3000
Jim Broadbent as Mr. Brown
Rupert Grint as Josh
David Tennant as Wilf
Ronan Keating as Ronan, Pat's Singing Voice
TJ Ramini as Ben Taylor, Ajay's Singing Voice
Peter Woodward as Edwin Carbunkle
Robin Atkin Downes as Simon Cowbell
Brian George as Ajay Bains
Parminder Nagra as Nisha Bains
Jo Wyatt as Meera Bains
Dee Bradley Baker as Pat Wanna Be 1
Enn Reitel as Constable Selby, Reverend Timms, Pat Wanna Be 2, Raed
Jane Carr as Mrs. Goggins, Granny Carbunkle
Dan Hildebrand as Ted Glen
Darren Richardson as Alf Thompson, SDS Employee 2
Jacob Witkin as George Lancaster, Major Forbes
Jean Gilpin as Rebecca Hubbard, Crowd Lady, Pat Wanna Be 3
Anastasia Griffith as Sylvia Gilbertson, Lauren Taylor
Laura Solon as Chat Host
Olivia Poulet as Dorothy Thompson
Aimee Osbourne as Amy Wrigglesworth
Becky Wright as Lizzy Taylor
Steven Kynman as Bill Thompson
Teresa Gallagher as Lucy Selby
Charlie Woodward as Charlie Pringle
Kieron Elliot as Michael Lam, SDS Employee 1
Chris Evans as Radio Announcer
Craig Ferguson as Craig, Not A Dalek
Robert Anich as Escapologist
Adam Smyth as Cameraman 1
Lucy Davis as Director 1
Kelly Beckett as Reporter, SDS Employee 3
Julian Stone as Director 2, Stagehand 2
Tony Curran as Paparazzi 2
Greg Ellis as Jimmy
Carole Boyd as Julia Pottage
Release[edit]
Theatrical release[edit]
It was originally due to be released on 24 May 2013,[6] but was pushed back to 23 May 2014,[2] one year after the show's ending. In the United Kingdom, it was theatrically released by Icon Productions and Lionsgate. In the United States, it was released by Paramount Pictures.
Home media[edit]
Postman Pat: The Movie was released in the UK on DVD and Blu-ray on 29 September 2014 by Icon Home Entertainment.[7]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The film received a divided reception. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave it a 48% rating from 25 reviews with an average score of 4.8/10.[8] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, calculated a score of 44 out of 100, based on nine reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[9]
Patrick Smith, writing for The Daily Telegraph, gave the film two stars, commenting "where the TV series was charming in its simplicity, this seems over-egged".[10] Andrew Pulver of The Guardian gave it two stars, calling it "a misjudgment, a serious overestimation of the development of the four-year-old's irony circuit".[11] In The Observer, Mark Kermode gave it the same rating, criticising "bland digimation" and lack of the "charm" of the television series, and saying that the film had "little to entice the over-sixes and plenty to scare the under-fives".[12] In the Daily Mirror, David Edwards gave the film two stars, writing "Boasting spectacularly shoddy animation and gags that wouldn’t amuse a dim-witted five-year-old, this is one to be thrown out with the junk mail".[13] Andy Lea of the Daily Star Sunday gave it three stars, stating that "this is by no means a bad film", praising the film's voice cast and "some clever jokes that poke fun at the film itself". However, he mentioned concern over children "seeing their loveable hero transformed into a sinister robot ... For especially sensitive kids, it could even be the stuff of nightmares."[14] Brian Viner of the Daily Mail gave the film three stars, calling the opening sequence "charming" but concluding that the film was "misjudged" and should have been "truer to the TV original".[15] The same rating also came from Allan Hunter of the Daily Express, who said "Kids are going to love Postman Pat: The Movie even if adults might find it sacrilegious in its treatment of their beloved childhood favourite... It's a bit Wallace & Gromit, a bit Doctor Who and just as silly and overexcited as a four-year-old after an excess of fizzy drinks."[16] The Los Angeles Times' Gary Goldstein wrote "First-class Postman Pat delivers in fine style".[17] The Mareel review written by Caroline Malcolm wrote "Postman Pat: The Movie, was a surprise from start to finish...Mike Disa, who is known for his children's animations showed off his artistic style by yet again creating a movie that captivated children with CGI pleasures, but also enticed adults with intensely intelligent sociobites disguised as entertainment." [18]
Box office[edit]
Postman Pat: The Movie grossed £774,450 in its opening weekend, ranking fourth in the UK box office led by X-Men: Days of Future Past with £9,144,971.[19] The film grossed $5,515,679 in the United Kingdom[20] and a total of $8,660,022 globally [5]
Accolades[edit]
Postman Pat: The Movie's production groups, Timeless Films and Zealot Productions, were nominated for Best Foreign Animation/Family Trailer at the Golden Trailer Awards in 2014.[21]
Awards[edit]
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Golden Trailer Best Foreign Animation/Family Trailer Gkids and Zealot Productions Nominated
Music[edit]
Soundtrack[edit]
Postman Pat: The Movie
Soundtrack album by Rupert Gregson-Williams
Released
2014
Recorded
2014
Genre
Film score, Soundtrack
Length
64:45
Label
Polydor Records
Producer
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Rupert Gregson-Williams film scores chronology
Blended
(2014) Postman Pat: The Movie
(2014) Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2
(2015)
Title
Performer
"Please Mr Postman" The Saturdays
"Lovin' Each Day" Ronan Keating
"Struck by Lightning" Rupert Grint
"With You" Ronan Keating
"Big Time" Peter Gabriel
"Really Happy Postman" Riley Friesen and Derek Mount
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours" Ronan Keating
"Everything to Me" Shane Filan
"I Only Want to Be with You" Pixie Lott
"Move My Way" The Vamps
"One of These Days" Shane Filan
"Postman Pat" Derek Mount and Riley Friesen
"Trainwerks" TJ Ramini
"All Music" Rupert Gregson-Williams
See also[edit]
Guess with Jess
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Kemp, Stuart (23 September 2013). "U.K. Investment Firm New Sparta Acquires Icon Film Distribution". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Postman Pat". filmdates.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "POSTMAN PAT: THE MOVIE [2D]". BBFC.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Postman Pat The Movie (2014)". British Film Institute. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Postman Pat: The Movie". The Numbers (website). Retrieved 16 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Katie (16 April 2012). "Postman Pat The Movie to hit screens in 2013". Toy News. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Postman Pat: The Movie". DVD365.net. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Postman Pat: The Movie (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes.
Jump up ^ "Postman Pat: The Movie". Metacritic. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Smith, Patrick (22 May 2014). "Postman Pat: The Movie, review: 'doesn't get a stamp of approval'". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Pulver, Andrew (11 May 2014). "Postman Pat: the Movie – review". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Kermode, Mark (25 May 2014). "Postman Pat: The Movie review – shiny, slightly scary spin-off". The Observer.
Jump up ^ Edwards, David (23 May 2014). "Postman Pat: The Movie is dull, dated, disappointing and fails to deliver". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Lea, Andy (18 May 2014). "Review and trailer: Postman Pat: The Movie (U) is a bit weird". Daily Star.
Jump up ^ Viner, Brian (23 May 2014). "Postman Pat's scare story is a misjudged kiddie flick". Daily Mail. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Allan (23 May 2014). "Postman Pat review: Our favourite postie in an off-the-wall pursuit of fame and fortune". Daily Express. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "LA Times – Review (26 June 2014)". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "Mareel Reviews (6 June 2014)". Mareel.
Jump up ^ Reynolds, Simon. "X-Men: Days of Future Past delivers biggest 2014 UK box office opening". Digital Spy. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "POSTMAN PAT: THE MOVIE". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "The 15th Annual Golden Trailer Award Nominees". Retrieved 22 April 2015.
External links[edit]
Postman Pat: The Movie on IMDb
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postman_Pat:_The_Movie&oldid=802378741"
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