text:
List of countries bordering on two or more oceans
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

This is a list of countries which border two or more oceans, including both sovereign states and dependencies, provided the same contiguous territory borders on more than one of the five named oceans, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic.[1] Countries which border on multiple oceans because of discontiguous regions are excluded here but included in the list of transcontinental countries.
List[edit]
Continent
Country
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Polar Oceans
Oceans
Trans-oceanic connection
10 !Africa South Africa South Atlantic Indian Ocean Southern Ocean 2 or 3[a] h20-cape !Cape of Good Hope
25 !Africa &
Asia Egypt Mediterranean Sea Red Sea 2 isthmus-canal !Suez Canal
30 !Asia Israel Mediterranean Sea Red Sea 2 land-rail !High-speed railway to Eilat (proposed)
30 !Asia Thailand Gulf of Thailand Andaman Sea 2 isthmus-canal !Kra Canal (proposed)
30 !Asia Malaysia South China Sea Andaman Sea 2 h20-strait !Strait of Malacca
30 !Asia Indonesia Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean 2 h20-strait !Strait of Malacca
30 !Asia East Timor Savu Sea, Flores Sea Timor Sea 2
35 !Asia &
Europe Russia North Pacific Black Sea
Baltic Sea Arctic Ocean 3 land-rail !Trans-Siberian Railway
40 !Europe Norway Norwegian Sea Barents Sea 2
50 !North America Greenland[b] North Atlantic Arctic Ocean 2
50 !North America Canada North Pacific North Atlantic Arctic Ocean 3 land-rail !Canadian Pacific Railway
50 !North America United States North Pacific North Atlantic Arctic Ocean 3[c] land-x !Trans-Alaska Pipeline
50 !North America Mexico Pacific Ocean Gulf of Mexico
Caribbean Sea 2 isthmus !Tehuantepec route
50 !North America Guatemala Pacific Ocean Gulf of Honduras 2
50 !North America Honduras Gulf of Fonseca Caribbean Sea 2
50 !North America Nicaragua Pacific Ocean Caribbean Sea 2 isthmus-canal !Nicaragua Canal (proposed)
50 !North America Costa Rica Pacific Ocean Caribbean Sea 2
55 !North America &
South America[d] Panama Gulf of Panama Caribbean Sea 2 isthmus-canal !Panama Canal
60 !South America Colombia Pacific Ocean Caribbean Sea 2
60 !South America Chile South Pacific Straits of Magellan Southern Ocean 2 or 3[e]
60 !South America Argentina South Atlantic Drake Passage 1 or 2[f]
70 !Australia Australia South Pacific Indian Ocean Southern Ocean 2 or 3[g]
80 !Antarctica South Pacific South Atlantic Indian Ocean Southern Ocean 2.5 !3 or 1[h]
Jump up ^ South Africa borders on three oceans if the Southern Ocean is considered to extend to its shores, but only on two otherwise.
Jump up ^ Greenland is part of Denmark.
Jump up ^ Although Alaska and the Lower 48 each border on two oceans, no single contiguous US territory borders on three oceans.
Jump up ^ The boundary between North and South America is somewhat arbitrary. Although atlases today generally show Panama entirely within North America, some 19th century atlases showed the continental boundary along the border between Costa Rica and Panama, which was then part of Colombia.[citation needed]
Jump up ^ Chile borders on three oceans if the Southern and Atlantic Oceans are considered to meet in its territory, but only on two otherwise.
Jump up ^ Argentina borders on two oceans if the Drake Passage is counted as part of the Southern Ocean, but only on one if it is considered part of the South Atlantic.
Jump up ^ Australia borders on three oceans if the Southern Ocean is considered to extend that far north, but only on two otherwise.
Jump up ^ Antarctica is included on this list although not a country. If the Southern ocean is considered a separate ocean, it borders on only that one ocean. If, however, the Southern Ocean is considered to be merely part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans, Antarctica borders on all three.
See also[edit]
World Ocean
Transcontinental railroad
Boundaries between continents
Sea to Sea
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "How many oceans are there?". National Ocean Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_bordering_on_two_or_more_oceans&oldid=832615286"
Categories:
Lists of countries by geography
Country classifications
Lists by continent
Lists of bodies of water
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
ไทย
اردو
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 March 2018, at 01:14.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/South_Atlantic
mw-redirect
South Atlantic

values:
/wiki/North_Pacific
mw-redirect
North Pacific

values:
/wiki/North_Atlantic
mw-redirect
North Atlantic

values:
/wiki/Tehuantepec_route
mw-redirect
Tehuantepec route

values:
/wiki/South_Pacific_Ocean
mw-redirect
South Pacific Ocean

values:
/wiki/Straits_of_Magellan
mw-redirect
Straits of Magellan

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
/wiki/Boundaries_between_continents
mw-redirect
Boundaries between continents

values:
/wiki/Sea_to_Sea_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Sea to Sea (disambiguation)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Lists of countries by geography

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: 둘 이상의 대양에 접한 나라 – Korean

values: Daftar negara yang berbatasan dengan dua samudera atau lebih – Indonesian

values: รายชื่อประเทศที่ติดต่อกับมหาสมุทรอย่างน้อยสองมหาสมุทร – Thai

values: فہرست ممالک جن کی سرحدیں دو یا زائد بحار سے متصل ہیں – Urdu

values: Danh sách các quốc gia tiếp giáp với hai bờ đại dương – Vietnamese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_countries_bordering_on_two_or_more_oceans rootpage-List_of_countries_bordering_on_two_or_more_oceans skin-vector action-view


text:
A (Pretty Little Liars)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
“A”
Pretty Little Liars character
First appearance
Novel:
Pretty Little Liars (2006)
Television:
"Pilot" (episode 1.01)[1]
Created by
Sara Shepard
Information
Aliases
Original A
Big A
Uber A
A-moji
A.D.
Pathology
Stalker
Spy
Blackmailer
Torturer
Manipulator
M.O.
Spying targets to discover secrets, taunting and threatening their victims via phone
Location
Rosewood, Pennsylvania
"A" is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard. It is a character of both Pretty Little Liars' books and television series, and primarily appears as a stalker and the main antagonist of the stories. "A" is one of the main characters of the stories, appearing anonymously in the majority of the episodes and books.
The villain has already had many portrayals. Its basic occupation is to pursue and threaten the four protagonists of the stories. Thus, many identities have been revealed to be "A". "A" has a specific and unhealthy way of dealing with the protagonists; it often calls them as "bitches", "dolls" and "liars". Its handling and acts of terrorism caused great psychological and emotional damage to the protagonists, even leading them to be hospitalized.
After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original "A", she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the "A-Team". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second "A" and leader of the "A-Team" was revealed to be CeCe Drake. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as "A.D.", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, "A.D." reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
1.1 Characterization
2 Novels storylines
2.1 The first "A"
2.2 The second "A"
2.2.1 The Helper, or Third "A"
3 Television storylines
3.1 Original "A"
3.2 Big "A"
3.3 Uber "A"
4 The A-Team
4.1 Members
4.1.1 Sara Harvey
4.1.2 Sydney Driscoll
4.1.3 Toby Cavanaugh
4.1.4 Spencer Hastings
4.1.5 Lucas Gottesman
4.1.6 Melissa Hastings
4.1.7 Darren Wilden
4.1.8 Jenna Marshall
4.1.9 Noel Kahn
4.1.10 Aria Montgomery
4.1.11 Mary Drake
4.1.12 Wren Kingston
5 Other "A's"
5.1 Caleb Rivers
5.2 Shana Fring
6 Disguises
6.1 Red Coat
6.2 The Black Widow
6.3 The Queen of Hearts
6.4 The Black Swan
6.5 The Black Hoodie
7 References
Development[edit]
Characterization[edit]
"A" makes appearances as a figure with black leather gloves, a black hood, dark pants, and dark shoes. Throughout the seasons, the story focuses on the mystery of "A". However, "Big A" also sported different disguises, including that of Red Coat, while their ally disguised themselves as The Black Widow.
Uber A also dressed up as several disguises, including those of a gardener, a maid and a surgeon. They later costume themselves with the traditional look.
Novels storylines[edit]
The first "A"[edit]
Real identity: Mona Vanderwaal.
Three years after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis, her four friends, Aria Montgomery, Spencer Hastings, Emily Fields, and Hanna Marin, each receive messages from someone calling themselves "A." The girls had drifted apart over the years, so they had no idea that other people were getting texts as well. Additionally, the texts were about secrets only Ali knew about. At first, the messages were simply teasing and all of the girls wonder if their missing friend was the one who sent them. Though they knew she was most likely dead, she was still the only one who knew their darkest secrets. Once Ali's body is discovered in her old backyard, the girls are even more baffled when they continue to receive threats. At Ali's funeral, the girls are reunited and they find out that they've all been receiving weird messages. As the girls stand outside after the funeral ends, they all get a text saying, "I'm still here, bitches. And I know everything. —A".
From that point on, the messages take on a distinctly more threatening tone. Aria is given an ultimatum to tell her mother about her father's affair by midnight after the Foxy event, or A will do it for her. A continues to play life-altering games with the girls, from encouraging suspicion of Spencer's involvement in Ali's death to outing Emily's sexuality to her conservative mother. However, A makes a serious mistake in texting Hanna on the night of Mona's birthday party. Instead of using the plain Blackberry she bought just for tormenting the girls, A accidentally uses his/her own phone. Hanna, who has a new phone without all of her contacts recognizes the number, compelling A to act before Hanna can reveal A's true identity to the others. A hits Hanna with an SUV, successfully destroying Hanna's phone and putting her into a coma that eventually leads to a temporary loss of memory. Soon after that, "A" puts a drug in Emily's pain cream which causes an Ulcer in the spot where she has been putting the cream. She ends up in the hospital and might not be able to swim again.
A knew that there was a very good chance Hanna would regain her memory. Hanna's best friend, Mona Vanderwaal, informs the girls that she has also received texts from A, drawing the five closer together in trying to figure out who their tormentor is. Mona subtly encourages Spencer's fears that her sister, Melissa, might be A as well as Ali's killer. During Hanna's recovery masquerade celebration, she suddenly regains her memory, revealing that Mona is A. However, she, Emily, and Aria can't do much about it, because Spencer and Mona are on their way to the police station. After Spencer is warned about Mona by text, she tries to escape Mona's car, but Mona catches on rather quickly and diverts to a path in a more remote area of Rosewood. She tells Spencer everything, from seeing Ali launch a firework into Toby Cavanaugh's treehouse and blind her friend Jenna, to finding Ali's diary of secrets among a pile of old DiLaurentis junk the St. Germains left at the curb, discovering the girls' secrets that only Ali knew. Her motivation was to get revenge for her friend's blindness, even though Jenna and Ali had planned together to launch the firework. Mona didn't know this and got a scar on her stomach from the ordeal. Mona also drops the bombshell that Ian Thomas killed Ali, due to Ali's last diary entry about giving him an ultimatum to break up with Melissa. She then offers Spencer to become A with her and tell Hanna that she must not be remembering correctly, but she refuses. The two fight at Floating Man's Quarry and Spencer accidentally pushes Mona, who falls and has her neck caught between rocks.
The second "A"[edit]
Real identity: Alison DiLaurentis
As the girls move into the big red house they are shocked to receive messages from a new person claiming to be "A". At first, they believe it's just a prank, especially since the first "A" got major news time. Then the girls believe it's Ian Thomas, who is the prime suspect of the investigation. Spencer is especially certain of this until finding Ian's body in the woods bordering her estate and the old DiLaurentis home. The girls all get a message from "A," saying "He had to go. -A".
However, this "A" is even more twisted than the first; Ian's body disappears and the town is largely convinced that it was a hoax. "A" even teases Spencer, stating, "Just because I said Ian had to go, it didn't mean he had to die." "A" pretends to be Ian, using an IM screenname of USCMidfielderRoxx, a testament to his alma mater and his love for field hockey. Through this new fake identity, "A" feeds Spencer some interesting information about her family, specifically her father's affair with Mrs. DiLaurentis and the possibility that Ali is her half sister. "A" proceeds to torment the girls even more: they force Spencer to focus more on her father's secret by enabling Spencer's surrogate mother to scam her and clear out her two million dollar trust fund. "A" taunts Aria with pictures of her and her mother's new love interest in compromising situations. They threaten to send these to her mother, even though Aria has tried to ward off her mother's new boyfriend. "A" lands Hanna in the Preserve at Addison-Stevens, a lush clinic for troubled patients. "A" sends Emily on a trip to the Amish community in Lancaster to dig up more dirt on Officer Wilden.
Throughout the second half of the series, the second "A" keeps up this forced information search with the girls, pushing them to find more information on Wilden and Jason DiLaurentis. "A" even plants the idea that they killed Ali. However, when Jenna is found dead in Heartless, "A" plants all of their texts, pictures, etc. on a random lecherous construction worker. This is one of the same workers who was involved in building the DiLaurentises' gazebo when "Ali" was still alive. The girls believe it is all over now, though the fact that the suspect is such a random person bothers them.
Everyone in Rosewood is shocked when the DiLaurentises introduce the existence of a third child, Courtney DiLaurentis. She is the twin of Alison and was kept in various clinics because she was "ill". However, "Courtney" is actually Alison DiLaurentis herself. She reveals her true identity to each of the girls, hoping to gain their friendship and telling them she never died the night of the sleepover. She claims that Courtney must have gotten out of the house and ran into the construction worker, who killed her. Though the girls believe her and are glad to have their friend back, Aria is the most suspicious of her. It was recently discovered that Courtney liked to pretend to be Ali and she wasn't completely buying her story. Additionally, Wilden and Melissa are also suspicious of "Courtney". Melissa knew about the twins since high school, as their brother Jason confided in her. He told her they hated each other, but Spencer tells her about "Courtney's" statements that she and Ali shared everything together."
Ali's time is running out, for besides the few people suspicious of her, the police start to say that the construction worker has an alibi and might not be guilty. Her secret is further endangered when Aria finds and sends in a photo of a reflection of someone spying on the girls during the sleepover. The reflection is too blurry, but it is clearly a female. Ali takes Mona's idea and convinces Spencer that Melissa is the culprit. Meanwhile, she kidnaps Melissa- who has just figured out the truth- and keeps her in her family's Poconos home. She stuffs Melissa in a closet with Ian's corpse.
On the night of the school's Valentine dance, Ali convinces the girls to hang out with her at the Poconos home. They ditch the party and get wasted at her home. She asks them if she could reenact the night of the sleepover and hypnotize them. Everyone reluctantly agrees, and minutes later they wake up to find Ali gone and the door of the room locked. A letter is slid underneath, informing the girls of the horrible truth: The Alison that they had been friends with had been Courtney all along and the real Ali killed her.
Courtney was mentally unsound and wanted to be Ali so badly that she tried to drown her when they were children. One day, when she was home from the mental institute, Courtney stole Ali's ring and imitated her when she saw Spencer and the others sneaking into their backyard. Ali was sent to the new mental institute, the Preserve, in Courtney's place, and was forced to take her sister's messed up life. On the night of the sleepover, she spied on the girls, followed Courtney after her fight with Spencer, and killed her in revenge for taking her perfect life. She hates the girls for ruining her life and tries to kill them too by boarding up the entire home and setting it on fire. The girls, including Melissa, manage to escape, but no one knows whether Ali is alive. It's hinted that she might be, as Emily hears a faint giggle in the distance as she visits Courtney's grave in the evening.
The Helper, or Third "A"[edit]
By the end of Crushed, the Liars know that the Second "A", Alison, has had an accomplice the whole time, and that this accomplice is the Third "A". They believe that Alison did indeed survive the fire in the Poconos house, and thus that the Second and Third "A" are currently operating together to bring them down (and eventually kill them). The helper later is revealed to be Nick Maxwell, Alison's boyfriend when she was hospitalized. Nick was caught by the police when he and Alison planned to kill the Liars via poisoning. However, months later, the Liars visit Nick in the prison in order to discover some clues about Alison's whereabouts, and he gives them some information.
Television storylines[edit]
Original "A"[edit]
Mona Vanderwaal as "A."
Original A was the first "A" and revealed to be Mona Vanderwaal. Mona began torturing Alison by sending her gifts, threats and soon attacking her while wearing a zombie costume. "A" continued to mess with Ali and her mother Jessica DiLaurentis, whom she believed it to be Spencer Hastings. After Alison's disappearance, "A" went away for a year but after the corpse of Bethany Young (believed to be Alison at the time) was found, she reemerged. "A" began sending the Liars messages about things only Alison knew about them and soon even began messing with their parents. Doctor Anne Sullivan had previously dealt with the person behind the hoodie and when "A" trashed her office she immediately recognized the person. She almost exposes her identity to the Liars but "A" kidnaps her and went as far as to threaten her son's life. But the Liars are still close to figuring it out and during the second half of season two they manage to get a hold of "A's" phone. They hatch a plan to catch her with this and it works. They find out that "A" had a lair at the Lost woods resort and Spencer and Mona ("A's" newest victim) head over there and find a room full of pictures of Alison and the girls along with a sketch of "A's" costume to the ball, The Black Swan. However, Spencer begins to notice other clues and soon realizes "A" is right there with her. She turns around to see Mona in a black hoodie, who reveals herself as "A". She kidnaps Spencer and gives her an opportunity to join the "A" team but Spencer declines and the two get into a fight, where Mona is pushed off of a cliff. Though Mona survives, she is sent to Radley Sanitarium for medical assistance. While in the psychiatric hospital, Mona takes up a partnership suggested by the then unknown CeCe Drake that starts off the second game. After this, Mona became another henchmen in the "A" hierarchy, obeying the orders of CeCe, whom she knew as Red Coat. Mona was kicked off of the A-Team in the season three finale. However, Mona joins the new "A.D." team in Season 7, after "A.D." sends Wren to kill her and she offers to help instead. She helps them kidnap Spencer and wears a Melissa mask, but ultimately turns on them and brings the Liars to them, as well as a cop. However, this turns out to be a ruse and the "cop" is actually Mona's French boyfriend, who helps her take Mary and Alex (the two remaining members) to France to live in her own personal Dollhouse. Mona is the final "A" of the series, being the "winner" of the game.
Big "A"[edit]
CeCe Drake as "A".
Big A was the person who took over the "A" game from Mona Vanderwaal after she was admitted to Radley Sanitarium and revealed to be CeCe Drake. She had visited Mona in Radley and used her to get information about the Liars before taking over the game herself and had used Mona, Toby and Spencer to do her dirty work and sometimes went under the Red Coat disguise. Big A often hid out at a lair situated in Room A at an apartment building at Mayflower Hill and a mobile RV which was stolen but Toby gave it back to "A" in exchange for information about his mother's death. However, the Team was disbanded in the third-season finale and CeCe acted on her own with a few minions and an ally, who is Sara Harvey. It is revealed that Charlotte had been hiding out in the basement of the DiLaurentis house and drilled holes through the floor to spy on the family in her Red Coat disguise and shared the identity with Alison. Her disguise as Red Coat was exposed in the fourth season mid finale when Emily was trapped on a saw at Ravenswood and later got into a fight with Aria who discovered her identity and Charlotte later fell off a platform and escaped. In "A is for Answers" the Liars are under attack by "A" who shoots Ezra Fitz on the rooftop. However, in the fifth-season premiere, the shooter is revealed to be Shana Fring who attempted to kill Alison but was later shoved off a stage by Aria and died from the impact. After all of this, Charlotte fled to France under the Vivian Darkbloom identity to escape custody for Wilden's death but returned. In the series's 100 episode, Charlotte placed a bomb in the Cavanaugh house which detonated, signalling her return to Rosewood. In season five, CeCe breaks into the Vanderwaal home and kidnaps Mona just as she is about to tell the Liars that Alison is "A" and covers up her kidnapping as a homicide. She then brings Mona to the Dollhouse and tortures her and forces her to dress up and act like Alison. Just as the Liars are being brought to jail, CeCe kidnaps them and tortures them inside the Dollhouse. Inside, the Liars discover that Big "A" is named Charles DiLaurentis. CeCe/Charlotte reveals herself as "A" and tells her story; saying that she is transgender, was formerly known as Charles DiLaurentis, and became 'A' because the Liars were happy that Alison was gone. She worked with Sara Harvey, who was the Black Widow and a decoy Red Coat, and was also responsible for the "death" of Alison and the death of Wilden, and after telling her story, she attempts suicide by jumping off Radley but is stopped. She is admitted to Welby State and her reign as "A" finally ends and stays in the psychiatric hospital for five years. When she is released, Charlotte is murdered by Mona Vanderwaal and her death causes the birth of "A.D.", the new Uber A. After her death, it is revealed that Noel Kahn was also working for Charlotte. It is also revealed that her birth mother is Jessica's twin, Mary Drake, and her birth father is Ted Wilson, while Spencer is her sister.
Uber "A"[edit]
Alex Drake as "A"
Uber A also known as A.D. is the third major "A" to have tormented the Liars. In the show's series finale, Uber A's identity is revealed to be Alex Drake, Spencer's twin sister who was put up for adoption at birth. She desperately craves vengeance over the tragic passing of Charlotte DiLaurentis, who was her half-sister, and is trying to seek out the person responsible. Unlike Mona or Charlotte, Alex does not use any nicknames at first but instead signs their messages with emojis, which differentiates her from the A-Team. This causes Caleb to nickname her Amoji. However, in the sixth-season finale, she begins using the alias "A.D." and kidnaps Hanna, whom she believes is accountable for her sister's homicide.[2] Hanna manages to escape Uber A's clutches and Alex goes after Alison, who the Liars suggested as guilty for her own cousin's murder. Uber A eventually finds out that Alison is innocent after searching her jacket. While Uber A does work on their own, she also works through a new "A-Team" of helpers, known to consist of Jenna Marshall, Sydney Driscoll, and Aria Montgomery, who are assisting them in completing the endgame. The series finale explains that Alex Drake was put up for adoption in exchange for a sum of money (for Mary), but then left at an orphanage by her adopted parents who were concerned for their image. She ran away from the orphanage at ten years old and eventually started working in a bar in London, where Wren Kingston mistook her for Spencer, revealing the existence of Alex's twin and Charlotte. Wren introduces Charlotte and Alex in an airport (just after Charlotte met Archer Dunhill) and they immediately connect, becoming very close in a short amount of time. After Charlotte is released from Welby, she tells Alex that she wishes to return to Rosewood and resume the game, but Alex says she shouldn't go unless she gets to come too, since she wants to meet Spencer. Charlotte says no and describes the Hastings as "toxic people" before leaving for Rosewood, where she was murdered by Mona. Alex is enraged and forces Wren to shoot her so that she looks exactly like Spencer and can successfully impersonate her. She then goes to Rosewood and picks up the game as "Uber A". Alex has made several appearances where she impersonates Spencer, including, but not limited to: The run in with Ezra at the airport where she introduced Wren, the kiss between "Spencer" and Toby just before the latter planned to leave Rosewood with Yvonne, and Hanna's "dream" where she "hallucinated" Spencer while A.D held her hostage. The latter was done so that Alex could find out whether Hanna was telling the truth about killing Charlotte.
The A-Team[edit]
The A-Team is a group of anonymous characters that worked together as "A". The team would work under the orders of the "A" in charge, who has been Mona Vanderwaal, the original leader and founder and CeCe Drake, the second leader. Five years later, Alex Drake, also known as Uber A, assembles a team of their own. This team continues using the same name, though is also referred to as the "A.D.-Team".
Members[edit]
Sara Harvey[edit]
Sara was the right-hand woman to Charlotte and also revealed as an A-Team member halfway throughout the sixth season.[3][4] Sara is revealed as a Red Coat and the Black Widow, hired to pose as a decoy whenever Charlotte couldn't sport the Red Coat disguise.[5][6] She then became Charlotte's friend and ally in the "A" game and assisted her in most of her schemes. Sara was allegedly diagnosed with Stockholm Syndrome following Charlotte's arrest, but later discloses to Alison that she lied under oath, also admitting that she and Charlotte were in fact close friends and she felt as though they were sisters. Later, Sara was possibly enlisted by "A.D." to work with them. However, Sara was killed by Noel Kahn after she tried to reveal more than she should to Emily.
Sydney Driscoll[edit]
Sydney is Uber A's helper for a brief while. She is first seen communicating with them through text messages, when she makes a donation under their name at the Vogel Vision Institute. When Aria and Emily confront her, Driscoll claims that she is simply representing a client who prefers to remain anonymous. However, she returns in the following episode and reveals herself to be "A.D.". She offers Aria the chance to join their team, but Aria realizes that Sydney is communicating with someone through an ear piece, revealing that she's just a minion. Aria asks her why she would join their tormentor and Driscoll replies that she wants to be part of the "winning team". However, Uber A, who reveals herself as Spencer's twin sister Alex Drake, reveals in the series finale that Sydney wasn't involved in the Blind School shooting and joined the A-Team because Alex found out she had been stealing from a bank and she fit the hoodie.[7]
Toby Cavanaugh[edit]
Toby was recruited by Mona to join the A-Team when he got a job in Bucks County. His participation in the team was revealed in the mid-season finale of the third season.[8] He worked hand in hand with Mona and did most of the dirty work for the team, like running down Lucas and attacking Hanna. However, like Mona, he didn't know the identity of Red Coat. Spencer finds out about his betrayal and goes off the deep end, especially after discovering his corpse. However, it is revealed that he is alive and well, with the corpse being a trick by Mona and Red Coat that he says he didn't know about until after. He is also revealed to be a double agent and gets kicked off the team.[9]
Spencer Hastings[edit]
Spencer joined the A-Team briefly near the ending of the third season after having been invited by Mona at the Radley while hospitalized.[10] Initially, Spencer was extremely determined to be part of the team. However, she later unfolds the truth behind the disappearance of Toby and became a double agent as well. Likewise Toby, she got kicked off from the team. She is the "A" who kidnapped Malcolm, causing a break up between Ezra and Aria.[9]
Lucas Gottesman[edit]
Lucas was the personal assistant to Mona. He was blackmailed by Mona and the A-Team into sending texts and doing their dirty work. Lucas claims his blackmail began after Mona discovered he was selling test answers, however Mona later discloses that Lucas was the "A" who gave Emily a massage back in the second season while Mona was off riding with Hanna.[11] During the seventh-season episode "Hold Your Piece", Pastor Ted Wilson reveals to Hanna that he used to run a summer camp for troubled boys, and Charlotte was a camper there prior to her sex change. Wilson is disheartened when describing that he interacted with his offspring without awareness they were related. Ted then showcases Hanna a picture of himself back when he worked at the camp, chaperoning Charles and Lucas, whom he described as his son's "only friend".
Melissa Hastings[edit]
Melissa was blackmailed by Mona into wearing the Black Swan disguise to the Masquerade Ball in order to distract Jenna. Mona threatened to reveal her fake pregnancy if she didn't obey her orders. Later, Melissa got onto the Halloween Train dressed as the Queen of Hearts and drugged Aria.[11] Wilden then attempted to push her off of the train in a box with Garrett's dead body. It is implied that she was once again blackmailed. It is implied in "A Dark Ali" that Melissa is once again working for "A", as she is seen handing a recording (presumed stolen by "A") to a man resembling Cyrus Petrillo and later implies to Spencer that "A" has something in store for Ali and the Liars.
Darren Wilden[edit]
Wilden was also part of the team as he was the Queens of Hearts responsible for trying to kill Spencer. He also murdered Garrett Reynolds fearing he'd expose him as a crooked cop and placed his corpse in a box beside a fainted Aria.[11] Wilden's reasoning for helping the team is unknown but implied to be blackmail.
Jenna Marshall[edit]
Jenna is working anonymously for "A.D." and also with Archer Dunhill in someway. She remains around Rosewood in "Along Comes Mary" and befriends Sara Harvey. Meanwhile, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields discover that Jenna was on Archer's payroll for unknown reasons. On the episode's closing scene, Marshall and Sara are having drinks at The Radley when an unknown figure approaches the two and reveals themselves to be Noel Kahn, who proceeds to join the duo. When confronted by Emily in regards to her involvement with Archer during "Wanted: Dead or Alive", Jenna admits she befriended Charlotte DiLaurentis after reading about her stay at Welby and reached out. In a flashback, Charlotte enlists Jenna's help to track down the whereabouts of her birth mother and come up with an alias for Archer. The pseudonym "Elliott Rollins" was later created so Archer could deliberately meet Alison and take advantage of her good intentions to benefit Charlotte's eventual release from the psychiatric hospital. In "The DArkest Knight" all of the Liars get a text message, ordering them to head over to 1465, Elm Street. After being lured to an abandoned school for blind students, they're held hostage by Noel and Jenna, with Marshall tracking them down at gunpoint. During the cat-and-mouse chase, Jenna takes aim at the Liars only to backfire, until a second gunshot is heard and it injures Spencer. As Marshall prepares to finish her off, Mary Drake suddenly emerges from behind and knocks her out. While Drake attempts to help Spencer, an unknown figure drags Jenna away from the building. On the closing scene of the episode, the anonymous entity places her in the back of a van, while she questions them if they were responsible for the gunshot that hit Spencer. As the mysterious figure proceeds to rip off an old man's mask and toss it over to Jenna's side, Marshall feels it up and realizes that A.D. was the one who rescued her. At the end of "Playtime", Jenna is seated in A.D.'s lair, sipping tea. She thanks the unidentified individual for the drink and reminds them of their promise to update her on the "game". Dressed in a nurse's uniform, A.D. drops a binder on Marshall's lap with pages of information written in braille. After Jenna reads a paragraph, she mutters the word "endgame" and grins in delight. During "These Boots Were Made for Stalking", Jenna walks into the police station in order to come clean about her actions and interrupts a conversation between Spencer and detective Marco Furey. Marshall reports that she kept a low profile after the events that took place at the abandoned school for blind students to avoid being harmed by Noel. According to Jenna, Noel was accountable for Sara Harvey's homicide and she feared to be his ensuing victim. Kahn recruited Jenna with the assertion that Charlotte left enough money in her will to afford Marshall another eye surgery. Nevertheless, Jenna suspected Noel of stealthily plotting to steal the cash all to himself since his parents had financially cut him off. In an attempt to spare her life, Marshall brought a gun to the deserted sight school as an act of self-defense and pretended to hold a grudge against the Liars. After Jenna describes her side of the story, Furey orders one of his associates to escort Marshall to a conference room so she can make an official statement. As Jenna exits the room, Spencer claims that she's an unreliable narrator. However, Furey informs Spencer that the authorities don't have enough evidence against Marshall because the bullet that injured Spencer didn't match the gun found at the location. Later in the episode, Caleb confronts Jenna stating that the authorities were already detecting holes in her allegations. However, Marshall assures Caleb they won't be able to prosecute her since Noel was the only person who could contradict her statement. In the series finale, Spencer's twin, Alex Drake, is revealed to be "A.D.". She reveals that Jenna was looking for her and recruited Noel to help. However, Jenna was desperate for another chance to see and offered to help her in the game.
Noel Kahn[edit]
Noel Kahn returned to Rosewood to team up with Jenna Marshall and Sara Harvey. Kahn served as one of Charlotte's former minions and worked for her at the Dollhouse, having been responsible for placing blood all over Spencer Hastings to convince she had hurt someone. Noel became the prime suspect for Uber A, particularly after Alison reveals that he pushed a girl down a flight of stairs when he was drunk during a UPenn frat party. Hanna abducts him at the end of "The Wrath of Kahn" in an attempt to obtain a video confession that proves he's their tormentor. In the following episode "The DArkest Knight", she instead ends up slashing his leg with a knife in order to test his DNA and see if it matches Mary Drake's. The results later come back negative and Kahn ends up escaping. Noel and Jenna later lure the Liars to an abandoned school for blind students so they could be held hostage and eventually murdered. During a cat-and-mouse chase, Kahn ends up stumbling upon an axe that decapitates his head after failing to fight Emily and Hanna. In the following episode, "Playtime", Detective Marco Furey informs Spencer that Jenna and Noel frequently visited Archer Dunhill at Welby. During "These Boots Were Made for Stalking", Jenna walks into the police station in order to come clean about her actions and interrupts a conversation between Spencer and detective Marco Furey. Marshall reports that she kept a low profile after the events that took place at the abandoned school for blind students to avoid being harmed by Noel. According to Jenna, Noel was accountable for Sara Harvey's homicide and she feared to be his ensuing victim. Kahn recruited Jenna with the assertion that Charlotte left enough money in her will to afford Marshall another eye surgery. Nevertheless, Jenna suspected Noel of stealthily plotting to steal the cash all to himself since his parents had financially cut him off. In an attempt to spare her life, Marshall brought a gun to the deserted sight school as an act of self-defense and pretended to hold a grudge against the Liars. However, when Caleb later confronts Jenna about the authorities detecting holes in her allegations, she informs him that the only person who could contradict her side of the story was Noel.
Aria Montgomery[edit]
Aria is "A.D.'s" helper. Aria is given the offer to join the team in "Power Play". She accepts in the following episode and begins supplying information to Uber A. After the Liars discover Lucas' graphic novel, Aria is sent by Uber A to retrieve it. Once she delivers it, she is given an "A" hoodie in return. She breaks into Alison's house sporting the disguise and trashes the nursery for her baby. In the next episode, Aria is sent by "A.D." to deliver a "gift" to the Hastings family. She connects to their Bluetooth and leaves a burner phone there to play a video recording of Peter and Mary discussing Jessica's murder. She later gets back into her "A" disguise and breaks into Alison's house to put the puzzle piece onto the and retrieve her file. "A.D." contacts Aria again and gives her a phone to communicate on. "A.D." asks Aria to meet them and to wear the uniform to do so. Mona overhears the call and tells the Liars of Aria's involvement with the A-Team. Aria gets into her "A" hoodie and goes to meet "A.D.", only to be confronted by the Liars. She then officially defects from the team and rejoins the Liars.
Mary Drake[edit]
Mary joins the A.D.-Team after the time jump, when Alex helps break her out of prison and then helps her with kidnapping Spencer and keeping her locked away in their bunker. When Alex tries to kill Spencer, Mary tries to convince her to just keep her locked up, but Alex refuses and punches her to keep her from interfering. Mary and Alex are then kidnapped by Mona and kept as her dolls in her own personal dollhouse.
Wren Kingston[edit]
Wren is one of the helpers to Alex. He shoots her so that she will have the same scar as Spencer and then later comes to Welby to kill her as "A.D." for Alex, only stopping once Mona says she can help get Mary out. Alex kills Wren so that she doesn't have to break up with him in order to get her endgame wishes. Despite Wren being the only person to know almost everything about Alex's game, he doesn't participate much during the actual game, only doing a few things for Alex.
Other "A's"[edit]
Caleb Rivers[edit]
Caleb used the identity of "A" to text Hanna in Season 3, in order to trick her into meeting him. He sent her the text "The Apple Rose Grille at closing time. Go alone or Caleb pays. -A" to find out information from her about the new "A" torturing them.
Shana Fring[edit]
Shana pretended to be "A" to attack the Liars in New York. She donned a black hoodie and attacked them at the coffee shop, only to end up shooting Ezra instead, who had found out her identity. In the following episode, she continued to hunt down the Liars, and sent a group of black hoodies to trick them. The black hoodies used the alias "A" during their taunting of the Liars. Shana revealed herself to the girls and revealed that she wanted justice for Jenna. The Liars falsely believed that Shana was Big A.[12]
Disguises[edit]
During the TV series, the antagonists used various disguises at parties and events, in order to watch over the girls. They are:
Red Coat[edit]
Main article: Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)
Red Coat is a disguise used by two members of the A-Team. CeCe Drake took on the disguise to lead the A-Team and go out in public, while she hired Sara Harvey to act as a decoy whenever she couldn't sport the disguise in her assignments.
The Black Widow[edit]
The Black Widow is a previously anonymous character who attended detective Darren Wilden's funeral in "'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e". The disguise is all black clothing, with her face concealed by a black veil. The Black Widow is shown to be a part of the A-Team, when she is seen inside the "A" R.V. placing a Mona doll with the rest of the "A" doll collection. She then lifts up her veil to reveal a burned Ali mask underneath, revealing that she was the Red Coat at the Lodge. In the fifth season, the disguise is seen inside one of "A"'s lairs.[13] In "Game Over, Charles", it is revealed that Sara Harvey was the Black Widow. Charlotte sent her to Wilden's funeral to make sure he was deceased.[3] In "Of Late I Think of Rosewood", Sara shows up to Charlotte's funeral in a variation of the disguise, though this time revealing her face.[14]
In a nightmare that Alison had during "How the 'A' Stole Christmas", her mom, Jessica DiLaurentis shows up as the Black Widow.
The Queen of Hearts[edit]
The Queen of Hearts is a previously anonymous character that made an appearance during the third season's Halloween special, "This Is a Dark Ride".[15] In the fourth season's premiere, it is revealed that there were actually two of them in the Halloween train, Melissa Hastings and Darren Wilden. Wilden attacked Spencer and fought Paige, while Melissa drugged Aria and took her body. Wilden also murdered Garrett Reynolds fearing he'd expose his corrupt activities and Melissa later admits to Spencer that she was blackmailed into doing his bidding. However, in Mona's footage, evidence shows that Wilden tried to abandon the train and Melissa is heard ordering him to stay. Wilden would later place a fainted Aria in a box beside Garrett's corpse and then gathered with Melissa in an attempt to push them off the train. They fled the scene once Aria regained her consciousness and stabbed Wilden.[11]
The Black Swan[edit]
The Black Swan is a previously anonymous character that made an appearance during the Masquerade Ball.[16] Melissa was revealed to be the person behind the disguise in "Birds of a Feather". She claimed that "A" (Mona) threatened her, stating that her false pregnancy would've been exposed if she did not distract Jenna during the event. The disguise is inspired by Odile from Swan Lake.
The Black Hoodie[edit]
Of course, the black hoodie has been the most significant disguise over the years and probably the most well known. Almost every single "A" has worn the signature black hoodie and it will be one of the biggest things for as long as Pretty Little Liars will be remembered. The disguise has been used by Mona, Charlotte, Toby, Spencer, Lucas, Sydney, Aria, Wren, and Alex.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pretty Little Liars - Pilot". ABC Family. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (15 March 2016). "Pretty Little Liars Season Finale Recap: [Spoiler]'s Twin Revealed". TVLine. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game Over, Charles". Pretty Little Liars. 2015.
Jump up ^ Weiss, Shari (11 August 2016). ""Pretty Little Liars" Finale Recap: "Game Over, Charles" (VIDEO)". Gossip Cop. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Sorren, Martha. "Sara Harvey Is Red Coat On 'Pretty Little Liars' & She Was In Cahoots With CeCe". Bustle. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Highfill, Samantha. "Pretty Little Liars boss definitively answers who was behind the show's biggest mysteries". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://freeform.go.com/shows/pretty-little-liars/news/who-is-sydney-on-pretty-little-liars
Jump up ^ "The Lady Killer". Pretty Little Liars. 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "A dAngerous gAme". Pretty Little Liars. 2013.
Jump up ^ "What Becomes of the Broken Hearted". Pretty Little Liars. 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "'A' is for A-l-i-v-e". Pretty Little Liars. 2013.
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/imarleneking/status/871958357535408128
Jump up ^ "Miss Me x 100". Pretty Little Liars. 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pretty Little Liars on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
Jump up ^ "This Is a Dark Ride". Pretty Little Liars. 2014.
Jump up ^ Director: Glatter, Lesli Linka. Writer: King, I. Marlene (March 19, 2012). "Unmasked". Pretty Little Liars. Season 2. Episode 25. ABC Family.
[hide]
v
t
e
Sara Shepard's Pretty Little Liars
Pretty Little Liars (2006)
Characters
"A"
Alex Drake
Alison DiLaurentis
Aria Montgomery
Charlotte Drake
Emily Fields
Hanna Marin
Jenna Marshall
Mary Drake
Melissa Hastings
Mona Vanderwaal
Red Coat
Sara Harvey
Spencer Hastings
Sydney Driscoll
TV series
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
Season 2
"UnmAsked"
Season 3
"It Happened 'That Night'"
Season 4
"'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e"
"Grave New World"
"Free Fall"
"A Is for Answers"
Season 5
"Miss Me × 100"
"How the 'A' Stole Christmas"
Season 6
"Game On, Charles"
"Game Over, Charles"
"Of Late I Think of Rosewood"
"Charlotte's Web"
"Where Somebody Waits For Me"
"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars"
Season 7
"Tick-Tock, Bitches"
"Bedlam"
"The Talented Mr. Rollins"
"Hit and Run, Run, Run"
"Along Comes Mary"
"Wanted: Dead or Alive"
"Original G'A'ngsters"
"Exes and OMGs"
"The Wrath of Kahn"
"The DArkest Knight"
"Playtime"
"These Boots Were Made for Stalking"
"Hold Your Piece"
"Power Play"
"In the Eye Abides the Heart"
"The Glove That Rocks the Cradle"
"Driving Miss Crazy"
"Choose or Lose"
"Till Death Do Us Part"
Miscellaneous
Rosewood, Pennsylvania
Ravenswood
Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists
Pretty Dirty Secrets
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_(Pretty_Little_Liars)&oldid=804226167"
Categories:
Pretty Little Liars characters
Fictional murderers
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional hackers
Fictional stalkers
Fictional blackmailers
Hidden categories:
Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Français
Italiano
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 October 2017, at 16:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #C9A0DC; color: #000000;

value: tr

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Pretty_Little_Liars_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
Pretty Little Liars (TV series)

value: td

value: b

values:
/wiki/Pretty_Little_Liars_(book)
mw-redirect
Pretty Little Liars (book)

value: small

attrs: href title

value: sup

values: text-align:center;background: #C9A0DC; color: #000000;

values:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

values:
/wiki/Bitch_(insult)
mw-redirect
Bitch (insult)

values:
/wiki/Charlotte_DiLaurentis
mw-redirect
Charlotte DiLaurentis

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Wren_Kingston
mw-redirect
Wren Kingston

values:
/wiki/Sara_Harvey_(character)
mw-redirect
Sara Harvey (character)

values:
/wiki/Stockholm_Syndrome
mw-redirect
Stockholm Syndrome

values:
/wiki/Toby_Cavanaugh
mw-redirect
Toby Cavanaugh

values:
/wiki/Lucas_Gottesman
mw-redirect
Lucas Gottesman

values:
/wiki/Darren_Wilden
mw-redirect
Darren Wilden

values:
/wiki/Caleb_Rivers
mw-redirect
Caleb Rivers

values:
/wiki/Shana_Fring
mw-redirect
Shana Fring

values:
/wiki/%27A%27_is_for_A-l-i-v-e
mw-redirect
'A' is for A-l-i-v-e

values:
/wiki/Miss_Me_x_100
mw-redirect
Miss Me x 100

values:
/wiki/Unmasked_(Pretty_Little_Liars)
mw-redirect
Unmasked (Pretty Little Liars)

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background-color: #D8BFD8

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background-color: #D8BFD8

values:
row
navbox-group
background-color: #D8BFD8;width:1%

values: For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)

values: Wanted: Dead or Alive (Pretty Little Liars)

values: The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)

values: Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/A_(Pretty_Little_Liars)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: A (personaje de Pretty Little Liars) – Spanish

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-A_Pretty_Little_Liars rootpage-A_Pretty_Little_Liars vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Christmas with the Kranks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Christmas with the Kranks
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Joe Roth
Produced by
Michael Barnathan
Chris Columbus
Mark Radcliffe
Screenplay by
Chris Columbus
Based on
Skipping Christmas
by John Grisham
Starring
Tim Allen
Jamie Lee Curtis
Dan Aykroyd
Erik Per Sullivan
Cheech Marin
Jake Busey
M. Emmet Walsh
Music by
John Debney
Cinematography
Don Burgess
Edited by
Nick Moore
Production
company
Revolution Studios
1492 Pictures
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
November 24, 2004 (2004-11-24)
Running time
98 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$60 million[1]
Box office
$96.6 million[1]
Christmas with the Kranks is a 2004 American Christmas comedy film based on the 2001 novel Skipping Christmas by John Grisham. It was directed by Joe Roth and written and produced by Chris Columbus.
It stars Tim Allen and Jamie Lee Curtis as a couple who decide to skip Christmas one year since their daughter is away, much to the chagrin of their neighbors. This was Tom Poston's final film before his death in 2007.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Setting
3.3 Costumes
3.4 Music
4 Critical reception
5 Home media
6 Box office
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
After Riverside, Illinois couple Luther (Tim Allen) and Nora Krank (Jamie Lee Curtis) see their daughter, Blair (Julie Gonzalo), depart for a Peace Corps assignment in Peru on the Sunday following Thanksgiving, empty nest syndrome sets in. Luther calculates the couple spent $6,132 during the previous year's holiday season and, not looking forward to celebrating Christmas without their daughter, he suggests they invest the money usually spent on decorations, gifts, and entertainment and treat themselves to a ten-day Caribbean cruise instead. Skeptical at first, Nora finally agrees under the condition that they still give a donation to the church and Children's Hospital. Luther tries to refuse but finally agrees and they begin planning the trip.
The Kranks are amazed to discover they are considered pariahs as a result of their decision. Luther's co-workers think he has become Ebenezer Scrooge when he gives all his employees letters that state about his Christmas boycott, local stationer Aubie is distressed to lose the couple's order for their engraved greeting cards and Christmas Eve party invitations, the Boy Scout troop is upset and angered when the Kranks refuse to purchase one of their Christmas trees to help the scouts make enough money for a camporee, and the police are stunned to discover they won't be buying this year's calendar from them. Most vocal in their objections are neighbors Vic Frohmeyer (Dan Aykroyd) and Walt Scheel (M. Emmet Walsh). Vic, who's the unelected leader of the street, organizes a campaign to force the Kranks to decorate their home so Hemlock Street won't lose the coveted award for best decorations. Vic has political and bureaucratic connections in Chicago. Walt doesn't seem to like Luther, so his efforts are primarily personal. However, it is revealed that Walt's wife Bev is suffering from cancer, perhaps dampening his holiday spirits. Children picket, led by Vic's son Spike (Erik Per Sullivan), neighbors constantly call, and Christmas carolers try to revive the Kranks' holiday spirit by singing on their lawn, which Luther stops by freezing his front lawn. Even the newspaper gets into the act by publishing a front page story complete with a photograph of the unlit Krank house and states that the Kranks' street has lost the prize and won sixth place because of how Luther and Nora refused to decorate their house. Still, Luther and Nora continue to stand their ground.
The two are in the process of packing on Christmas Eve morning when they receive a call from Blair, who announces she's at Miami International Airport, en route home with her Peruvian fiancé as a surprise for her parents. She's anxious to introduce Enrique to her family's holiday traditions, and when she asks if they're having their usual party that night, a panicked Nora says yes. Comic chaos ensues as the couple finds themselves trying to decorate the house and coordinate a party with only twelve hours to spare before their daughter and future son-in-law arrive.
While Nora scrambles to find food, especially Blair's favorite honey glazed ham, Luther goes to buy a tree from the Boy Scouts but they only have one worthless non-green tree left since their sales went big and rapid. Luther decides to give a donation by giving them money but taking the tree in the process; he then rejects it by throwing it in his backyard. While Spike leads a picket at the Kranks', Luther arranges to borrow the tree of neighbor Wes Trogdon (who is going away for a week with his kids and wife to close relatives) being given the warning that he is not to break one ornament or damage it. Luther and Spike try to transport it across the street on Spike's Radio Flyer wagon, only for the neighbors to confuse this with Luther stealing the family's Christmas tree and end up calling for the police to arrest him for theft. Spike comes to Luther's rescue by showing the neighbors and officers that Luther has Trogdon's keys and thus was given permission to borrow the tree. Nora comes home enraged at Luther for making the borrowed Christmas tree a "Disaster" and how she had to buy "Smoked Trout" to replace the honey ham (which was crushed by a truck). Once it is established why Luther is trying frantically to decorate his home, the neighbors, led by Vic, come out full force to help him and Nora ready it for Blair. Blair calls to say she landed from Miami; despite this, she is sent by a police transport to their house thus leaving her still unaware of the chaos.
After subtly giving everybody, including Blair and Enrique, a half-hearted toast, Luther tries to convince Nora to accept the cruise when she confronts him for the toast, but she refuses, disgusted that he isn't happy Blair is home. Having a change of heart, Luther sadly slips out of the house and goes across the street to the Scheel home. Bev's cancer, once in remission, has returned and, knowing this may be their last holiday together, Luther insists they take the cruise in place of him and Nora, going so far as to offer to take care of their hated cat, Muffles, so they can go. At first Walt and Bev decline, but ultimately decide to accept his generosity; as a result, Luther, whose holiday spirit has been renewed, realizes skipping Christmas wasn't as good an idea as he had originally thought.
Cast[edit]
Tim Allen as Luther Krank
Jamie Lee Curtis as Nora Krank, Luther's wife
Dan Aykroyd as Vic Frohmeyer, the Kranks' domineering neighbor
Dava Hulsey as Amanda Frohmeyer, the doting wife of Vic and loving mother of Spike.
Julie Gonzalo as Blair Krank, the Kranks' daughter
M. Emmet Walsh as Walt Scheel, the Kranks' obnoxious neighbor
Elizabeth Franz as Bev Scheel, Walt's ailing wife
Erik Per Sullivan as Spike Frohmeyer, Vic's kid
Cheech Marin as Officer Salino
Jake Busey as Officer Treen, Salino's partner
Austin Pendleton as Marty, an umbrella salesman who is actually Santa Claus
Tom Poston as Father Zabriskie, a priest
Kim Rhodes as Julie, Luther's employee
Arden Myrin as Daisy
René Lavan as Enrique Decardenal, Blair's fiance
Patrick Breen as Aubie, a stationier
Caroline Rhea as Candi, a friend of Nora's
Felicity Huffman as Merry, a friend of Nora's
Kevin Chamberlin as Duke Scanlon, a Boy Scout leader
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Joe Roth knew about John Grisham's Skipping Christmas before it was even published in 2001. He was asked by Grisham to read the book in galley form, assuming he could direct a movie based on it. Roth recalls: "It turns out he was right. Even while I was reading it, all I could think was that this would make a great Christmas movie. It had humor, it had wonderful characters and it had heart." It was a huge change for him as he, who previously directed thrillers, would now do work for a film lighter in tone and style. With the rights of the book received and the May 2000 founding of Revolution Studios, he stated that "as a start-up company, there was a great deal of work to do in order to get up and running."[2]
Later, filmmaker Chris Columbus, who also bought the rights to Skipping Christmas and had written a screenplay, called Roth about directing the adaption. As Roth explains: "Naturally, I thought he was going to direct it. But he said, 'No, you should direct it.' It turns out I was getting ready to direct another project. But when I read Chris's script, I knew I had to at least try to direct it. I promised myself that if I could get the right cast in place, I would do it." Producer Michael Barnathan said, "Joe read the script on a Sunday, bought it on Monday, decided he wanted to direct it on Tuesday and by Friday had cast Tim [Allen] and Jamie Lee [Curtis]. The following Monday morning we started pre-production."[2]
Setting[edit]
Christmas with the Kranks takes place mostly in the Kranks's neighborhood of Hemlock Street in Riverside, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, over the course of four weeks from Thanksgiving to Christmas Eve. Production designer Garreth Stover originally looked for locations with the right weather conditions and suburban ambience for Hemlock Street, as described specifically in Columbus's script of the film. He was scouting from the metropolitan area of Chicago to Minnesota, but due to the extreme conditions of this part of the United States at the time, the filmmakers felt it was better to set up the neighborhood in an empty location instead of finding one.[2]
When looking for a place to build the set 15 weeks before filming began, Stover chose a parking lot of a former Boeing aircraft factory in Downey, California, about 15 miles away from downtown Los Angeles and in the midst of Downey Studios. The rest of the first three weeks were spent on designing the houses with assistance from construction coordinator David Elliott. In the next 12 weeks, hundreds of carpenters, plasterers and painters working built had built what would become the largest exterior set ever for a movie, being more than 700 feet long and including 16 houses. What Stover called "the core five" were the houses of the Kranks, the Frohmeyers, the Scheels, the Beckers and Trogdons, which he claimed had "full ground floors that are dressed and you can see into." He also said that the second floor of the Kranks' was built on a soundstage. Producer Michael Barnathan claimed that the set would later be available for other movies, TV series and commercials to use.[2]However, due to health complaints from the locals over toxic residues from factory period and lack of profit, the studio closed in 2012 and was razed to build a mall.[3]
Costumes[edit]
Susie DeSanto handled the costume design of Christmas with the Kranks. According to DeSanto, "I was looking for a project that was really textural, and maybe a bit nostalgic. I saw Christmas With the Kranks like a Christmas card, a beautiful Christmas memory of how we wish the holiday to be. So a lot of the fabrics I chose were not so much high-tech bright colors, but wools, plaids and mixing patterns. Joe [Roth] was specific about what he wanted, but within that, he allowed me a great deal of freedom to express myself.”[2]
DeSanto viewed that all the characters in Christmas with the Kranks would wear dresses that are supposed to serve as their "accents" rather than overtly defining them. Luther Krank is seen wearing the same-colored shirt and suit at work all the time, and according to DeSanto, this "tells that Luther’s a punch-the-clock kind of guy, so the whole idea of skipping Christmas and going off on a tropical vacation is completely averse to anything he’s ever done." She described Nora as "tasteful and kind of folksy, a middle-American woman approaching middle age. In our first meeting, Jamie Lee Curtis was totally prepared. She wanted to look like a real Midwestern woman who lives in the suburbs of Chicago and is as obsessed with Christmas as everyone around her. Nora dresses for the seasons and I found out by speaking to people at Marshall Field’s in Chicago that the Christmas sweater is a big deal. And Jamie wears it so well.” As for Vic Frohmeyer, she saw him as "a sort of commander-in-chief of the neighborhood, so I wanted something with a bit of a military flair. Since he’s also a college professor, we cut the pattern from a general’s jacket and made it professorial by using a vintage tweed mixed with corduroy.”[2]
Music[edit]
The soundtrack features many holiday standards, including "Jingle Bell Rock" by Brenda Lee; "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" by Billy May & His Orchestra with vocal by Alvin Stoller; "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus" by Eddie Dunstedter; "White Christmas" by Dean Martin; "Frosty the Snowman" by Steve Van Zandt; "Blue Christmas" by Elvis Presley; and "The Christmas Song" by Ella Fitzgerald.
Critical reception[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 5% based on 131 reviews with an average rating of 2.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mirthless movie as fresh as last year's fruit cake, Christmas with the Kranks is a coarse, garish comedy that promotes conformity."[4] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 22 out of 100 based on 33 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[5] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[6]
Home media[edit]
Christmas with the Kranks was released on DVD and VHS on November 8, 2005.
Box office[edit]
The film was a box office success. On its opening weekend, it earned $21,570,867 on 3,393 screens, ranking #3 behind National Treasure and The Incredibles. It eventually grossed $96,572,480 worldwide.[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Christmas with the Kranks". Box Office Mojo.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Christmas with the Kranks" (PDF). Hollywood Jesus. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Verrier, Richard (2009-08-02). "Health complaints linked to former NASA site in Downey". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Christmas With the Kranks (2004)". Rotten Tomatoes.
Jump up ^ "Christmas with the Kranks Reviews". Metacritic.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Christmas with the Kranks
Christmas with the Kranks on IMDb
Christmas with the Kranks at AllMovie
Jamie Lee Curtis interview
Netflix: Christmas With.....
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Joe Roth
Streets of Gold (1986)
Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise (1987)
Coupe de Ville (1990)
America's Sweethearts (2001)
Christmas with the Kranks (2004)
Freedomland (2006)
[show]
v
t
e
Works by John Grisham
Novels
A Time to Kill (1988)
The Firm (1991)
The Pelican Brief (1992)
The Client (1993)
The Chamber (1994)
The Rainmaker (1995)
The Runaway Jury (1996)
The Partner (1997)
The Street Lawyer (1998)
The Testament (1999)
The Brethren (2000)
A Painted House (2001)
Skipping Christmas (2001)
The Summons (2002)
The King of Torts (2003)
Bleachers (2003)
The Last Juror (2004)
The Broker (2005)
Playing for Pizza (2007)
The Appeal (2008)
The Associate (2009)
The Confession (2010)
The Litigators (2011)
Calico Joe (2012)
The Racketeer (2012)
Sycamore Row (2013)
Gray Mountain (2014)
Rogue Lawyer (2015)
The Whistler (2016)
Camino Island (2017)
The Rooster Bar (2017)
Short story collections
Ford County (2009)
Short stories
The Tumor (2015)
Non-fiction
The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town (2006)
Theodore Boone series
Theodore Boone: Kid Lawyer (2010)
Theodore Boone: The Abduction (2011)
Theodore Boone: The Accused (2012)
Theodore Boone: The Activist (2013)
Theodore Boone: The Fugitive (2015)
Theodore Boone: The Scandal (2016)
Screenplays
The Gingerbread Man (1998)
Mickey (2004)
Film adaptations
The Firm (1993)
The Pelican Brief (1993)
The Client (1994)
A Time to Kill (1996)
The Chamber (1996)
The Rainmaker (1997)
The Gingerbread Man (1998)
A Painted House (2003)
Runaway Jury (2003)
Christmas with the Kranks (2004)
Television adaptations
The Client (1995)
The Firm (2012)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christmas_with_the_Kranks&oldid=832828185"
Categories:
2004 films
English-language films
American films
2000s comedy films
American comedy films
American Christmas films
Columbia Pictures films
Films about suburbia
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by John Grisham
Revolution Studios films
Films directed by Joe Roth
Films produced by Chris Columbus
Screenplays by Chris Columbus
Films produced by Michael Barnathan
1492 Pictures films
Films scored by John Debney
Films set in Illinois
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from May 2013
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
Български
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Français
Հայերեն
Italiano
Magyar
Македонски
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
6 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 March 2018, at 06:26.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Christmas_film
mw-redirect
Christmas film

values:
/wiki/Remission_(medicine)
mw-redirect
Remission (medicine)

values:
/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lavan
mw-redirect
René Lavan

values:
/wiki/Steve_Van_Zandt
mw-redirect
Steve Van Zandt

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035

values:
nofollow
external text
https://m.cinemascore.com

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: q:Special:Search/Christmas with the Kranks

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0388419/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v299907

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Ford_County_(novel)
mw-redirect
Ford County (novel)

values: Category:Films based on works by John Grisham

values: Category:Films produced by Chris Columbus

values: Category:Films produced by Michael Barnathan

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2013

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Christmas_with_the_Kranks
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Да пропуснеш Коледа – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Սուրբ ծնունդն անհաջողակների հետ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Божиќ со Кранкови – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Рождество с неудачниками – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julfritt
Julfritt – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Christmas_with_the_Kranks rootpage-Christmas_with_the_Kranks skin-vector action-view