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A Place to Call Home (season 4)
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A Place to Call Home (season 4)
Country of origin
Australia
No. of episodes
12
Release
Original network
Showcase
Original release
11 September (2016-09-11) – 27 November 2016 (2016-11-27)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 3
Next →
Season 5
List of A Place to Call Home episodes
The fourth season of the Seven Network television series A Place to Call Home premiered on Showcase on 11 September 2016. The series was produced by Chris Martin-Jones, and executive produced by Penny Win and Julie McGauran.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Plot
3 Cast
3.1 Main
3.2 Recurring & Guest
4 Episodes
4.1 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
On 15 October 2014, it was announced that Foxtel had finalised a deal with Channel Seven that would see third and fourth seasons written, using the outlines created by Bevan Lee, produced by Seven Productions, but aired on Foxtel.[1]
On 25 October 2014, Amy Harris of The Daily Telegraph announced that A Place to Call Home had been officially renewed for another two seasons and would return in late 2015, airing on Foxtel channel SoHo. It was also announced that all the original cast and crew members would return.[2]
Production on the fourth season began on 29 February 2016 and concluded on 5 August 2016.[3][4] The episode order was extended from the usual 10 episodes to 12, with Foxtel's Director of Television, Brian Walsh stating, "we have extended the commission order to 12 episodes this year because the storylines are so strong".[5]
Having departed the series at the end of the second season, Bevan Lee returned to helm this year as Script Executive, with Katherine Thomson taking over from Susan Bower as Script Producer.[5][6] Shirley Barrett, Kriv Stenders, Catherine Millar and Tony Krawitz serve as directors for this season.[3]
Of the show's return, Foxtel's Head of Drama, Penny Win stated, "Working with Seven Productions on A Place to Call Home's has resulted in fantastic achievements for the series. With record breaking audiences for the SoHo channel, the passionate and dedicated fans and the growing audience around the world, the show is a testament to Foxtel's commitment to great Australian storytelling." Seven's Head of Drama, Julie McGauran stated, "A Place to Call Home has been a hugely successful collaboration between Seven Productions and Foxtel. Together we’ve been able to engineer a wonderful partnership for everyone, especially the fans, who have so much to look forward to in season 4."[3]
The series was also planned to air on Showcase, after SoHo was closed by Foxtel.[7]
Plot[edit]
In this season, the characters are strongly affected by two contrasting social issues in 1954. The first is the conservative wave of fear generated by the "Reds Under the Beds" scare surrounding the Petrov Affair. The second, the wave of liberal change that opened up new social and moral choices for Australians at the time.[8]
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Marta Dusseldorp as Sarah Nordmann
Noni Hazelhurst as Elizabeth Bligh
Brett Climo as George Bligh
Craig Hall as Dr. Jack Duncan
David Berry as James Bligh
Abby Earl as Anna Poletti
Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood as Olivia Bligh
Aldo Mignone as Gino Poletti
Sara Wiseman as Carolyn Duncan
Jenni Baird as Regina Bligh
Frankie J. Holden as Roy Briggs
Recurring & Guest[edit]
Deborah Kennedy as Doris Collins
Brenna Harding as Rose O'Connell
Heather Mitchell as Prudence Swanson
Mark Lee as Sir Richard Bennett
Tim Draxl as Dr. Henry Fox
Dominic Allburn as Harry Polson
Rohan Nichol as Sergeant Brian Taylor
Rick Donald as Lloyd Ellis Parker
Robert Coleby as Douglas Goddard
Leigh Scully as Gordon Walsh
Alan Dearth as Robert Menzies
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of A Place to Call Home episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Australian viewers
34
1 "A Nagging Doubt" Shirley Barrett Bevan Lee 11 September 2016 (2016-09-11) 0.101[9]
Sarah's suspicions are aroused when she realises that the death of the local teacher, Milly Davis, may not have been a suicide as first suspected. Regina's guilt weighs heavily on her conscience when it becomes apparent that the tonic she poisoned with rat bait, originally meant for Sarah, was given to Milly instead. James and Olivia's sham marriage falls further into disarray when she learns that although they aren't George's biological parents, the courts will still favour the Bligh family in a custody battle. Elizabeth offers James and Henry her blessing to pursue a relationship together, and assures her grandson that she isn't disgusted by him. Anna is rejected by a publisher in Sydney due to the content of her novel, however is given some hope when Elizabeth suggests she talk to Richard. Carolyn is forced into giving Richard information about James and Olivia's failing union when he threatens to rape her again. Regina begins to drive a wedge between Anna and Gino when she sends Rose for Italian lessons. Sarah confronts Regina and asks her what it is like to be a murderer when she realises the truth behind Milly's death.
35
2 "Bad in a Good Way" Shirley Barrett Bevan Lee 18 September 2016 (2016-09-18) 0.156[10]
Olivia confirms to James that she was carrying a stillborn child, and due to this, she went through with an illegal adoption to obtain baby George. She then agrees to continue to forge a united force with her husband in order to help George win the election, and promises Lloyd that she will wait for him. Anna's growing desire to have her writing published leads her into the hands of Sir Richard, who flirts with her, but assures her that she is a good writer, with thoughts far more futuristic than the times. Sarah's accusation of Regina as a murderer comes back to haunt her when Sgt Brian Taylor threatens her and investigates her as a potential Communist during a critical time in Australia's political history, the Red Scare. Carolyn's rape continues as a catalyst for her romantic closure, however to prove her love to Jack, she agrees to set a date for the wedding. James grows uncomfortable around Henry after a day at the beach provides James an insight into the hidden realm of homosexuality, revealing some interesting personalities. Brian questions Sarah over the disappearance of Bert Ford.
36
3 "When You're Smiling" Kriv Stenders Bevan Lee 25 September 2016 (2016-09-25) 0.136[11]
37
4 "Home to Roost" Kriv Stenders Bevan Lee 2 October 2016 (2016-10-02) 0.126[12]
Regina's anxiety of the arrival of Sir Robert Menzies causes issues between her and Anna which flares and results in Regina slapping Anna across the face. George's wound from his shooting begins to cause him pain, which leads Regina to talking him into taking morphine, which in turn leads to Regina abusing the substance. Elizabeth arrives at Ash Park and humiliates Regina during dinner with the Menzieses and after the meal, she confronts and stabs Richard's hand in retaliation to her discovery of Carolyn's rape. Sarah confides in Roy that Harry is a homosexual, and to her surprise, he accepts him on the proviso that he doesn't flirt with him. In a drugged stupor, Regina attempts to smother Elizabeth. Elizabeth apologises to Carolyn for the way that she has treated her over the years. George calls a family meeting in which he announces that Elizabeth, Carolyn and Olivia will move back into the mansion, whilst Regina is banished to the cottage. He then announces that he is the father of Sarah's unborn child and afterwards, he finds Sarah and tells her that they need to talk.
38
5 "Happy Days Are Here Again" Catherine Millar Bevan Lee 9 October 2016 (2016-10-09) 0.136[13]
Anna's attempts to use Jack and Carolyn's story as the major plotline of her novel are quashed when they ask her not to dredge up the past for the sake of their upcoming nuptials, which leads Elizabeth, Sarah and Anna to formulate a plan to destroy Regina - Anna shall pen a novel about a librarian who is poisoned, in hope that Regina's reputation will be ruined beyond repair. Gino tells James that although James is going against the teachings of the bible and what he is doing is wrong, he will be polite to him for Anna's sake. Carolyn receives a wreath in the mail with a note which reads 'RIP' and accuses Richard after it is revealed he has donated 5000 to the Inverness hospital for a surgical wing. Regina disappears from Ash Park only to confront Sir Richard, who tells her to go back and play happy family with George and to twist him around her finger. Olivia and Henry forge a friendship. James finally professes his love for Henry. Harry's arrival at Roy's farmstead is marred when he runs into James, who doesn't remember him due to his electroconvulsive therapy.
39
6 "The Trouble with Harry" Catherine Millar Bevan Lee 16 October 2016 (2016-10-16) 0.142[14]
James is delighted when Elizabeth and Olivia encourage him to go spend three days in the city with Henry, however when he does, he begins to dream of, and remember, Harry. Elizabeth worries that she and Sarah will fallout after she and George learn of Harry's presence in town. Olivia attempts to banish Harry from Inverness, but after second thoughts, she apologises. Jack fronts the medical board and is pardoned, but learns that Sir Richard paid for the lawyer he thought the Blighs had paid. Gino and Anna discuss their upcoming trip to Italy, and he and Carolyn try to encourage Anna to have children. Regina and Brian go to the city and have lunch with Gordon, Milly's fiancée and inform him that nothing will happen to Sarah if he doesn't do something about her. Olivia receives correspondence from Lloyd and learns that he has safely made it to London. Doris Collins talks Harry into staying in Inverness after he tries to leave without saying goodbye to Roy and Sarah. Elizabeth is overjoyed to find Douglas Goddard in her living room, playing the piano.
40
7 "You're Just in Love" Shirley Barrett Bevan Lee 23 October 2016 (2016-10-23) 0.149[15]
News of George's electoral win spreads around Inverness as the Country Party member. Gordon's presence becomes apparent when Harry sees him following Sarah and informs Roy. When Gordon prepares to shoot Sarah, he learns she is pregnant and tells Brian that when she has given birth, he will come back and kill her. Anna realises that she is just as much as liar as the rest of her family when she reveals to Carolyn that she is jealous of Rose, because Rose could give Gino a child, something she can't do. Regina's banished from the wedding, and concurrently, she seduces Brian and they have sex in the cottage. George learns of James and Henry's relationship, and finally approves. Elizabeth and Douglas grow closer. Carolyn and Jack's wedding goes ahead without a hitch and they are pronounced husband and wife. Harry turns up at the wedding reception and James notices him. After the reception, James has flashbacks to his electro-convulsive therapy and conversion therapy and realises that he was once in love with Harry Polson.
41
8 "There'll Be Some Changes Made" Shirley Barrett Katherine Thomson 30 October 2016 (2016-10-30) 0.150[16]
Jack and Douglas take matters with Sir Richard into their own hands when the refuge comes under threat, Sir Richard begins to pick off Douglas's sponsors for the refuge. As Jack's plan to avenge Carolyn reaches its climax Carolyn begs him not to go ahead with the plan to which Jack decides he must do what he knows is right. James grapples with his old feelings for Harry. Sarah and Elizabeth support Doris through matters of the heart after she mistakenly believes Roy is after her. Sarah and George talk about his future in political life and she warns him about how dangerous Regina truly is. They then talk about how George will be able to react following the birth of the baby, Sarah requests that he does not rush back to Inverness when the baby is born. This causes tension between Sarah and George, but George soon decides that Sarah's plan must be followed if suspicion is not be aroused. Meanwhile, Sarah and Roy go for dinner at Dawn's house where Roy begins to grow even closer to Dawn with Sarah's help.
42
9 "Where Will the Baby's Dimple Be" Tony Krawitz Katherine Thomson 6 November 2016 (2016-11-06) 0.135[17]
Sarah goes into a long and difficult labour. James supports Olivia when she heartbreakingly learns that her plans to leave Ash Park and start a life with Lloyd are dashed. Elizabeth gets a wonderful surprise. Sarah gives birth to a baby boy but he struggles to breathe leaving him in a critical condition. George's arrival at the hospital to see Sarah and their newborn ends on shaky grounds after Sarah asserts that the child will take the surname of Nordmann instead of Bligh and raise him on her own. This angers George who contemplates whether he and Sarah should go their separate ways. Roy tries to provide Sarah some comfort amongst the chaos. Meanwhile, Regina goes for a short trip to Sydney where she invites Sergeant Taylor to her apartment and they have passionate sex. She later sends a telegram to Milly Davis's fiancé who plans to kill Sarah after her baby is born to inform him the baby is born and the way forward is clear.
43
10 "And the Blind Shall See" Tony Krawitz Bevan Lee 13 November 2016 (2016-11-13) 0.128[18]
Anna and Gino arrive from Italy to learn that Anna is unable to conceive children. Sarah and Anna's plan to destroy Regina pushes Gino to his limit and he explodes at Anna expressing his disgust to Anna at the Bligh family secrets. Olivia is in a depressive state following the massive disappointment that her dream to start a new life with Lloyd in London is no longer. Roy and Sarah discuss his commitment issues. Elizabeth executes Operation Vanquish Regina when Anna completes the manuscript that reveals Regina's darkest secrets and the murder of Milly Davis. Rose overhears Anna and Carolyn discussing Regina and becomes suspicious that the family is planning something against Regina. Jack shows George the birth certificate of Sarah and his newborn son and is delighted that she has named him "David Bligh", thus securing the Bligh estate for another generation and hinting at the blossoming of a renewed relationship between them.
44
11 "Catch the Tiger" Catherine Millar Katherine Thomson 20 November 2016 (2016-11-20) 0.132[19]
The tension between James and Henry escalates after James invites Harry to an unconventional party. Regina continues her affair with Sergeant Taylor. Milly Davis's fiancé continues his discreet investigation of Sarah to avenge his fiancée's suicide-murder, and realises he has been played by Regina who wants Sarah dead. Regina is confronted by Sergeant Brian Taylor who has become suspicious of Regina's motives to frame Sarah for the murder-suicide. He threatens to leave her, causing Regina to reach breaking point and shoot the Sergeant through the head. A desperate Regina sneaks back to the Bligh Mansion having attempted to frame the Sergeant's death as a suicide then narrowly escapes with her future uncertain. Meanwhile, Anna and Gino struggle to overcome the news that Anna will be unable to conceive children. Anna proposes to annul the marriage on the basis that she knew of her infertility before marrying Gino and did not tell him. Gino is extremely angered that Anna lied to him leaving their marriage on the rocks and the possibility of annulment more possible.
45
12 "All Good Things" Catherine Millar Bevan Lee 27 November 2016 (2016-11-27) 0.173[20]
The episode commences from the point where Regina narrowly escapes the doctors instructed to take her away and ends up at Sarah's house. Meanwhile, the Blighs attempt to find Regina and confront Rose about her complicity in Regina's escape. Elizabeth becomes agitated by Rose's behaviour causing a rift between herself and Douglas. George worries for Sarah's wellbeing after Regina's whereabouts are unknown and sets out towards her home. Regina sneaks into Sarah's home and threatens to harm baby David. This leads to a tense confrontation between Sarah and Regina in which Sarah holds Regina at gunpoint on the brink of shooting her just as George and Roy arrive. Regina attempts to rile Sarah into shooting her and almost does, however George and Roy convince Sarah that Regina "wins" if Sarah kills her as Sarah would likely be incarcerated, George would lose Sarah and baby David would lose his mother. Finally, Sarah thumps Regina hard in the stomach to express her repulsion towards her and Regina is taken away by doctors. Meanwhile, Olivia and George consider their future. Olivia and James agree to play the part of a loving couple when Regina's murder trials commence to avoid any suspicions about James' homosexuality or Regina potentially revealing it. Anna and Gino's marriage is in shambles. Gino convinces Rose of Regina's deceptiveness and terrible acts causing Rose to break down completely struggling to come to terms with Regina's true nature and the deception of the Blighs. Gino declares that he will be taking Rose with him, expressing his disgust at the Blighs and demanding Elizabeth to provide a referral for Rose. Meanwhile, Anna, who Gino ordered to stay home begins packing, planning to spend time in the city, deciding that her marriage is incompatible: Gino desires a big family and cannot see a marriage without children - something which Anna cannot provide. Moreover, Anna fears they will come to despise and hate each other if their marriage continues. Gino's indifference to Anna's feelings, his lack of concern towards Anna's wellbeing and feeling and his general disgust of the Blighs shocks the family, particularly Carolyn and Jack who are devastated that the couple fought so hard only to crumble. As Gino leaves the Bligh Mansion with Rose to take her back to the Poletti farm, Carolyn announces that Anna has gone away to the city. However, Gino's unmoved behaviour shocks Carolyn when he declares he does not care what happens to Anna. Gino puts the Poletti farm for sale, deciding to make a new start with Rose somewhere else. Jack attempts to convince Gino to make amends but Gino rebuffs him and greatly disappoints him when he expresses no emotion or effort to repair the broken marriage, simply indicating his desire for children. In the city, Anna and Olivia discuss their failed marriages and conclude they were both too innocent, young and naive to realise the reality of married life. They reaffirm their friendship, and Olivia provides her support by telling Anna that she sees her as a successful writer more than anything. Doris goes berry picking and stumbles upon the corpse of Sergeant Taylor. Two months later, the Blighs and Sarah celebrate the marriage of Elizabeth and Douglas, expressing their happiness and joy. Sarah and George appear together as a couple with Sarah holding baby David. Meanwhile, Anna having returned from the city for the wedding festivities is encouraged by Jack that perhaps saying farewell to Gino before he leaves may provide some closure for her. A determined Anna rushes to the Poletti Farm with Carolyn and Jack but to her anguish finds the farm empty, and Gino and Rose gone. She breaks down hysterically. Milly Davis's fiancé provides his testimony against Regina to the police and agrees to stand as a witness if Regina's case goes to trial. The whole Bligh family also agree that they will provide statements for Regina's actions. A scene depicts Regina inside a mental asylum. She appears to have an hallucination in which George has joined her for tea and they talk amicably with George expressing his love for Regina and Regina agreeing to forgive him for his earlier actions. However, it soon becomes apparent, Regina is merely hallucinating and assailed by visions in which she screams that Sarah will pay for putting Regina where she is. Sir Richard and his lawyer discuss the best case to put forward in order to acquit Regina of her crimes without sullying George's image significantly, as Richard has business and political interests he wants to retain with George. If Regina overcomes her psychosis, Richard's lawyer suggests framing Regina's behaviour under the pretence that George's supposed infidelity drove Regina to commit her crimes. The episode ends with Sarah and Elizabeth toasting each other as friends and Sarah, George and David walking on the grounds of Ash Park, happily as a family.
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Viewers
Nightly subscription
rank
4-01
"A Nagging Doubt"
11 September 2016 0.101[9] 5[9]
4-02
"Bad in a Good Way"
18 September 2016 0.156[10] 2[10]
4-03
"When You're Smiling"
25 September 2016 0.136[11] 1[11]
4-04
"Home to Roost"
2 October 2016 0.126[12] 2[12]
4-05
"Happy Days Are Here Again"
9 October 2016 0.136[13] 8[13]
4-06
"The Trouble with Harry"
16 October 2016 0.142[14] 1[14]
4-07
"You're Just in Love"
23 October 2016 0.149[15] 2[15]
4-08
"There'll Be Some Changes Made"
30 October 2016 0.150[16] 1[16]
4-09
"Where Will the Baby's Dimple Be"
6 November 2016 0.135[17] 1[17]
4-10
"And the Blind Shall See"
13 November 2016 0.128[18] 1[18]
4-11
"Catch the Tiger"
20 November 2016 0.132[19] 1[19]
4-12
"All Good Things"
27 November 2016 0.173[20] 1[20]
Figures are OzTAM Data for the 5 City Metro areas.
Overnight - Live broadcast and recordings viewed the same night.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Idato, Michael (15 October 2014). "New Place for A Place to Call Home". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Harris, Amy (25 October 2014). "Foxtel breathes new life into A Place To Call Home after Seven signs deal to keep the show alive". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "A Place To Call Home: Season four goes into production". Foxtel. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Zautsen, Daniel (9 August 2016). "A Place to Call Home, filmed at Camelot in Kirkham, will return for its fourth series on Foxtel's showcase". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Knox, David (8 February 2016). "Programmer's Wrap 2016: Foxtel". TV Tonight. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (18 November 2014). "Bevan Lee passes the baton on A Place to Call Home". TV Tonight. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 August 2016). "Foxtel closing SoHo, adds new Binge channel". TV Tonight. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Search Results for "A Place to Call Home"". Foxtel. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (12 September 2016). "Sunday 11 September 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (19 September 2016). "Sunday 18 September 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (26 September 2016). "Sunday 25 September 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (3 October 2016). "Sunday 2 October 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (10 October 2016). "Sunday 9 October 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (17 October 2016). "Sunday 16 October 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (24 October 2016). "Sunday 23 October 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (31 October 2016). "Sunday 30 October 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (7 November 2016). "Sunday 6 November 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (14 November 2016). "Sunday 13 November 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (21 November 2016). "Sunday 20 November 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knox, David (28 November 2016). "Sunday 27 November 2016". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Official website
A Place to Call Home on IMDb
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text:
Absolute zero
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Coldest possible temperature
This article is about the minimum temperature possible. For other uses, see Absolute Zero (disambiguation).
Zero kelvin (−273.15 °C) is defined as absolute zero.
Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. Absolute zero is the point at which the fundamental particles of nature have minimal vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle motion. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as −273.15° on the Celsius scale (International System of Units),[1][2] which equates to −459.67° on the Fahrenheit scale (United States customary units or Imperial units).[3] The corresponding Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales set their zero points at absolute zero by definition.
It is commonly thought of as the lowest temperature possible, but it is not the lowest enthalpy state possible, because all real substances begin to depart from the ideal gas when cooled as they approach the change of state to liquid, and then to solid; and the sum of the enthalpy of vaporization (gas to liquid) and enthalpy of fusion (liquid to solid) exceeds the ideal gas's change in enthalpy to absolute zero. In the quantum-mechanical description, matter (solid) at absolute zero is in its ground state, the point of lowest internal energy.
The laws of thermodynamics indicate that absolute zero cannot be reached using only thermodynamic means, because the temperature of the substance being cooled approaches the temperature of the cooling agent asymptotically,[4] and a system at absolute zero still possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy, the energy of its ground state at absolute zero. The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed.
Scientists and technologists routinely achieve temperatures close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity.
Contents
[hide]
1 Thermodynamics near absolute zero
2 Relation with Bose–Einstein condensate
3 Absolute temperature scales
4 Negative temperatures
5 History
5.1 Limit to the "degree of cold"
5.2 Lord Kelvin's work
5.3 The race to absolute zero
6 Very low temperatures
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Thermodynamics near absolute zero[edit]
At temperatures near 0 K (−273.15 °C; −459.67 °F), nearly all molecular motion ceases and ΔS = 0 for any adiabatic process, where S is the entropy. In such a circumstance, pure substances can (ideally) form perfect crystals as T → 0. Max Planck's strong form of the third law of thermodynamics states the entropy of a perfect crystal vanishes at absolute zero. The original Nernst heat theorem makes the weaker and less controversial claim that the entropy change for any isothermal process approaches zero as T → 0:
lim T → 0 Δ S = 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{T\to 0}\Delta S=0}
The implication is that the entropy of a perfect crystal simply approaches a constant value.
The Nernst postulate identifies the isotherm T = 0 as coincident with the adiabat S = 0, although other isotherms and adiabats are distinct. As no two adiabats intersect, no other adiabat can intersect the T = 0 isotherm. Consequently no adiabatic process initiated at nonzero temperature can lead to zero temperature. (≈ Callen, pp. 189–190)
A perfect crystal is one in which the internal lattice structure extends uninterrupted in all directions. The perfect order can be represented by translational symmetry along three (not usually orthogonal) axes. Every lattice element of the structure is in its proper place, whether it is a single atom or a molecular grouping. For substances that exist in two (or more) stable crystalline forms, such as diamond and graphite for carbon, there is a kind of chemical degeneracy. The question remains whether both can have zero entropy at T = 0 even though each is perfectly ordered.
Perfect crystals never occur in practice; imperfections, and even entire amorphous material inclusions, can and do simply get "frozen in" at low temperatures, so transitions to more stable states do not occur.
Using the Debye model, the specific heat and entropy of a pure crystal are proportional to T 3, while the enthalpy and chemical potential are proportional to T 4. (Guggenheim, p. 111) These quantities drop toward their T = 0 limiting values and approach with zero slopes. For the specific heats at least, the limiting value itself is definitely zero, as borne out by experiments to below 10 K. Even the less detailed Einstein model shows this curious drop in specific heats. In fact, all specific heats vanish at absolute zero, not just those of crystals. Likewise for the coefficient of thermal expansion. Maxwell's relations show that various other quantities also vanish. These phenomena were unanticipated.
Since the relation between changes in Gibbs free energy (G), the enthalpy (H) and the entropy is
Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S {\displaystyle \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S\,}
thus, as T decreases, ΔG and ΔH approach each other (so long as ΔS is bounded). Experimentally, it is found that all spontaneous processes (including chemical reactions) result in a decrease in G as they proceed toward equilibrium. If ΔS and/or T are small, the condition ΔG < 0 may imply that ΔH < 0, which would indicate an exothermic reaction. However, this is not required; endothermic reactions can proceed spontaneously if the TΔS term is large enough.
Moreover, the slopes of the derivatives of ΔG and ΔH converge and are equal to zero at T = 0. This ensures that ΔG and ΔH are nearly the same over a considerable range of temperatures and justifies the approximate empirical Principle of Thomsen and Berthelot, which states that the equilibrium state to which a system proceeds is the one that evolves the greatest amount of heat, i.e., an actual process is the most exothermic one. (Callen, pp. 186–187)
One model that estimates the properties of an electron gas at absolute zero in metals is the Fermi gas. The electrons, being Fermions, must be in different quantum states, which leads the electrons to get very high typical velocities, even at absolute zero. The maximum energy that electrons can have at absolute zero is called the Fermi energy. The Fermi temperature is defined as this maximum energy divided by Boltzmann's constant, and is of the order of 80,000 K for typical electron densities found in metals. For temperatures significantly below the Fermi temperature, the electrons behave in almost the same way as at absolute zero. This explains the failure of the classical equipartition theorem for metals that eluded classical physicists in the late 19th century.
Relation with Bose–Einstein condensate[edit]
Main article: Bose–Einstein condensate
Velocity-distribution data of a gas of rubidium atoms at a temperature within a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. Left: just before the appearance of a Bose–Einstein condensate. Center: just after the appearance of the condensate. Right: after further evaporation, leaving a sample of nearly pure condensate.
A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of weakly interacting bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near absolute zero. Under such conditions, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum state of the external potential, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale.[5]
This state of matter was first predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Bose first sent a paper to Einstein on the quantum statistics of light quanta (now called photons). Einstein was impressed, translated the paper from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik, which published it. Einstein then extended Bose's ideas to material particles (or matter) in two other papers.[6]
Seventy years later, in 1995, the first gaseous condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder NIST-JILA lab, using a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvins (nK)[7] (6993170000000000000♠1.7×10−7 K).[8]
A record cold temperature of 450 ±80 picokelvins (pK) (6990450000000000000♠4.5×10−10 K) in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of sodium atoms was achieved in 2003 by researchers at MIT.[9] The associated black-body (peak emittance) wavelength of 6,400 kilometers is roughly the radius of Earth.
Absolute temperature scales[edit]
Absolute, or thermodynamic, temperature is conventionally measured in kelvins (Celsius-scaled increments) and in the Rankine scale (Fahrenheit-scaled increments) with increasing rarity. Absolute temperature measurement is uniquely determined by a multiplicative constant which specifies the size of the degree, so the ratios of two absolute temperatures, T2/T1, are the same in all scales. The most transparent definition of this standard comes from the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. It can also be found in Fermi–Dirac statistics (for particles of half-integer spin) and Bose–Einstein statistics (for particles of integer spin). All of these define the relative numbers of particles in a system as decreasing exponential functions of energy (at the particle level) over kT, with k representing the Boltzmann constant and T representing the temperature observed at the macroscopic level.[1]
Negative temperatures[edit]
Main article: Negative temperature
Temperatures that are expressed as negative numbers on the familiar Celsius or Fahrenheit scales are simply colder than the zero points of those scales. Certain systems can achieve truly negative temperatures; that is, their thermodynamic temperature (expressed in kelvins) can be of a negative quantity. A system with a truly negative temperature is not colder than absolute zero. Rather, a system with a negative temperature is hotter than any system with a positive temperature, in the sense that if a negative-temperature system and a positive-temperature system come in contact, heat flows from the negative to the positive-temperature system.[10]
Most familiar systems cannot achieve negative temperatures because adding energy always increases their entropy. However, some systems have a maximum amount of energy that they can hold, and as they approach that maximum energy their entropy actually begins to decrease. Because temperature is defined by the relationship between energy and entropy, such a system's temperature becomes negative, even though energy is being added.[10] As a result, the Boltzmann factor for states of systems at negative temperature increases rather than decreases with increasing state energy. Therefore, no complete system, i.e. including the electromagnetic modes, can have negative temperatures, since there is no highest energy state[citation needed], so that the sum of the probabilities of the states would diverge for negative temperatures. However, for quasi-equilibrium systems (e.g. spins out of equilibrium with the electromagnetic field) this argument does not apply, and negative effective temperatures are attainable.
On 3 January 2013, physicists announced that they had created a quantum gas made up of potassium atoms with a negative temperature in motional degrees of freedom for the first time.[11]
History[edit]
Robert Boyle pioneered the idea of an absolute zero.
One of the first to discuss the possibility of an absolute minimal temperature was Robert Boyle. His 1665 New Experiments and Observations touching Cold, articulated the dispute known as the primum frigidum.[12] The concept was well known among naturalists of the time. Some contended an absolute minimum temperature occurred within earth (as one of the four classical elements), others within water, others air, and some more recently within nitre. But all of them seemed to agree that, "There is some body or other that is of its own nature supremely cold and by participation of which all other bodies obtain that quality."[13]
Limit to the "degree of cold"[edit]
The question whether there is a limit to the degree of coldness possible, and, if so, where the zero must be placed, was first addressed by the French physicist Guillaume Amontons in 1702, in connection with his improvements in the air-thermometer. His instrument indicated temperatures by the height at which a certain mass of air sustained a column of mercury—the volume, or "spring" of the air varying with temperature. Amontons therefore argued that the zero of his thermometer would be that temperature at which the spring of the air was reduced to nothing. He used a scale that marked the boiling-point of water at +73 and the melting-point of ice at 51, so that the zero was equivalent to about −240 on the Celsius scale.[14]
This close approximation to the modern value of −273.15 °C[1] for the zero of the air-thermometer was further improved upon in 1779 by Johann Heinrich Lambert, who observed that −270 °C (−454.00 °F; 3.15 K) might be regarded as absolute cold.[15]
Values of this order for the absolute zero were not, however, universally accepted about this period. Pierre-Simon Laplace and Antoine Lavoisier, in their 1780 treatise on heat, arrived at values ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 below the freezing-point of water, and thought that in any case it must be at least 600 below. John Dalton in his Chemical Philosophy gave ten calculations of this value, and finally adopted −3000 °C as the natural zero of temperature.
Lord Kelvin's work[edit]
After James Prescott Joule had determined the mechanical equivalent of heat, Lord Kelvin approached the question from an entirely different point of view, and in 1848 devised a scale of absolute temperature that was independent of the properties of any particular substance and was based on Carnot's theory of the Motive Power of Heat and data published by Henri Victor Regnault.[16] It followed from the principles on which this scale was constructed that its zero was placed at −273 °C, at almost precisely the same point as the zero of the air-thermometer.[14] This value was not immediately accepted; values ranging from −271.1 °C (−455.98 °F) to −274.5 °C (−462.10 °F), derived from laboratory measurements and observations of astronomical refraction, remained in use in the early 20th century.[17]
The race to absolute zero[edit]
See also: Timeline of low-temperature technology
Commemorative plaque in Leiden
With a better theoretical understanding of absolute zero, scientists were eager to reach this temperature in the lab.[18] By 1845, Michael Faraday had managed to liquefy most gases then known to exist, and reached a new record for lowest temperatures by reaching −130 °C (−202 °F; 143 K). Faraday believed that certain gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, were permanent gases and could not be liquified.[19] Decades later, in 1873 Dutch theoretical scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals demonstrated that these gases could be liquefied, but only under conditions of very high pressure and very low temperatures. In 1877, Louis Paul Cailletet in France and Raoul Pictet in Switzerland succeeded in producing the first droplets of liquid air −195 °C (−319.0 °F; 78.1 K). This was followed in 1883 by the production of liquid oxygen −218 °C (−360.4 °F; 55.1 K) by the Polish professors Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski.
Scottish chemist and physicist James Dewar and the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes took on the challenge to liquefy the remaining gases hydrogen and helium. In 1898, after 20 years of effort, Dewar was first to liquefy hydrogen, reaching a new low temperature record of −252 °C (−421.6 °F; 21.1 K). However Onnes, his rival, was the first to liquefy helium, in 1908, using several precooling stages and the Hampson–Linde cycle. He lowered the temperature to the boiling point of helium −269 °C (−452.20 °F; 4.15 K). By reducing the pressure of the liquid helium he achieved an even lower temperature, near 1.5 K. These were the coldest temperatures achieved on earth at the time and his achievement earned him the Nobel Prize in 1913.[20] Onnes would continue to study the properties of materials at temperatures near absolute zero, describing superconductivity and superfluids for the first time.
Very low temperatures[edit]
The rapid expansion of gases leaving the Boomerang Nebula, a bi-polar, filamentary, likely proto-planetary nebula in Centaurus, causes the lowest observed temperature outside a laboratory: 1 K
The average temperature of the universe today is approximately 2.73 kelvins (−270.42 °C; −454.76 °F), based on measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation.[21][22]
Absolute zero cannot be achieved, although it is possible to reach temperatures close to it through the use of cryocoolers, dilution refrigerators, and nuclear adiabatic demagnetization. The use of laser cooling has produced temperatures less than a billionth of a kelvin.[23] At very low temperatures in the vicinity of absolute zero, matter exhibits many unusual properties, including superconductivity, superfluidity, and Bose–Einstein condensation. To study such phenomena, scientists have worked to obtain even lower temperatures.
The current world record was set in 1999 at 100 picokelvins (pK), or 0.000 000 000 1 of a kelvin, by cooling the nuclear spins in a piece of rhodium metal.[24]
In November 2000, nuclear spin temperatures below 100 pK were reported for an experiment at the Helsinki University of Technology's Low Temperature Lab in Espoo, Finland. However, this was the temperature of one particular degree of freedom – a quantum property called nuclear spin – not the overall average thermodynamic temperature for all possible degrees in freedom.[25][26]
In February 2003, the Boomerang Nebula was observed to have been releasing gases at a speed of 500,000 km/h (over 300,000 mph) for the last 1,500 years. This has cooled it down to approximately 1 K, as deduced by astronomical observation, which is the lowest natural temperature ever recorded.[27]
In May 2005, the European Space Agency proposed research in space to achieve femto-kelvin temperatures.[28]
In May 2006, the Institute of Quantum Optics at the University of Hannover gave details of technologies and benefits of femto-kelvin research in space.[29]
In January 2013, physicist Ulrich Schneider of the University of Munich in Germany reported to have achieved temperatures formally below absolute zero ("negative temperature") in gases. The gas is artificially forced out of equilibrium into a high potential energy state, which is however cold. When it then emits radiation it approaches the equilibrium, and can continue emitting despite reaching formal absolute zero; thus, the temperature is formally negative.[30]
In September 2014, scientists in the CUORE collaboration at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy cooled a copper vessel with a volume of one cubic meter to 0.006 kelvins (−273.144 °C; −459.659 °F) for 15 days, setting a record for the lowest temperature in the known universe over such a large contiguous volume.[31]
In June 2015, experimental physicists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) successfully cooled molecules in a gas of sodium potassium to a temperature of 500 nanokelvins, and it is expected to exhibit an exotic state of matter by cooling these molecules a bit further.[32]
See also[edit]
Physics portal
Absolute hot
Heat
ITS-90
Orders of magnitude (temperature)
Planck temperature
Thermodynamic (absolute) temperature
Triple point
Ultracold atom
Kinetic energy
Entropy
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Unit of thermodynamic temperature (kelvin)". SI Brochure, 8th edition. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 13 March 2010 [1967]. Section 2.1.1.5. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2017. Note: The triple point of water is 0.01 °C, not 0 °C; thus 0 K is −273.15 °C, not −273.16 °C.
Jump up ^ Arora, C. P. (2001). Thermodynamics. Tata McGraw-Hill. Table 2.4 page 43. ISBN 0-07-462014-2.
Jump up ^ Zielinski, Sarah (1 January 2008). "Absolute Zero". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
Jump up ^ Masanes, Lluís; Oppenheim, Jonathan (14 March 2017), "A general derivation and quantification of the third law of thermodynamics", Nature Communications, 8 (14538), doi:10.1038/ncomms14538
Jump up ^ Donley, Elizabeth A.; Claussen, Neil R.; Cornish, Simon L.; Roberts, Jacob L.; Cornell, Eric A.; Wieman, Carl E. (2001). "Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose–Einstein condensates". Nature. 412 (6844): 295–299. arXiv:cond-mat/0105019  . Bibcode:2001Natur.412..295D. doi:10.1038/35085500. PMID 11460153.
Jump up ^ Clark, Ronald W. "Einstein: The Life and Times" (Avon Books, 1971) pp. 408–9 ISBN 0-380-01159-X
Jump up ^ "New State of Matter Seen Near Absolute Zero". NIST. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Levi, Barbara Goss (2001). "Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose–Einstein Condensates". Search & Discovery. Physics Today online. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
Jump up ^ Leanhardt, A. E.; Pasquini, TA; Saba, M; Schirotzek, A; Shin, Y; Kielpinski, D; Pritchard, DE; Ketterle, W (2003). "Cooling Bose–Einstein Condensates Below 500 Picokelvin" (PDF). Science. 301 (5639): 1513–1515. Bibcode:2003Sci...301.1513L. doi:10.1126/science.1088827. PMID 12970559.
^ Jump up to: a b Chase, Scott. "Below Absolute Zero -What Does Negative Temperature Mean?". The Physics and Relativity FAQ. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
Jump up ^ Merali, Zeeya (2013). "Quantum gas goes below absolute zero". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12146.
Jump up ^ Stanford, John Frederick (1892). The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases.
Jump up ^ Boyle, Robert (1665). New Experiments and Observations touching Cold.
^ Jump up to: a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cold". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1779). Pyrometrie. Berlin. OCLC 165756016.
Jump up ^ Thomson, William (1848). "On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and calculated from Regnault's observations". Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1: 66–71.
Jump up ^ Newcomb, Simon (1906), A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy, New York: The Macmillan Company, p. 175, OCLC 64423127
Jump up ^ "ABSOLUTE ZERO - PBS NOVA DOCUMENTARY (full length)". YouTube. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cryogenics. Scienceclarified.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-22.
Jump up ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes". Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Kruszelnicki, Karl S. (25 September 2003). "Coldest Place in the Universe 1". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
Jump up ^ "What's the temperature of space?". The Straight Dope. 3 August 2004. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
Jump up ^ Catchpole, Heather (2008-09-04). "Cosmos Online – Verging on absolute zero". Archived from the original on 22 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "World record in low temperatures". Archived from the original on 2009-06-18. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
Jump up ^ Knuuttila, Tauno (2000). Nuclear Magnetism and Superconductivity in Rhodium. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology. ISBN 951-22-5208-2. Archived from the original on 28 April 2001. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Low Temperature World Record" (Press release). Low Temperature Laboratory, Teknillinen Korkeakoulu. 8 December 2000. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
Jump up ^ Sahai, Raghvendra; Nyman, Lars-Åke (1997). "The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?". The Astrophysical Journal. 487 (2): L155–L159. Bibcode:1997ApJ...487L.155S. doi:10.1086/310897. hdl:2014/22450.
Jump up ^ "Scientific Perspectives for ESA's Future Programme in Life and Physical sciences in Space" (PDF). esf.org.
Jump up ^ "Atomic Quantum Sensors in Space" (PDF). University of California, Los Angeles.
Jump up ^ "Atoms Reach Record Temperature, Colder than Absolute Zero". livescience.com.
Jump up ^ "CUORE: The Coldest Heart in the Known Universe". INFN Press Release. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "MIT team creates ultracold molecules". Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge.
Further reading[edit]
Herbert B. Callen (1960). "Chapter 10". Thermodynamics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-13035-4. OCLC 535083.
Herbert B. Callen (1985). Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics (Second ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-86256-8.
E.A. Guggenheim (1967). Thermodynamics: An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists (Fifth ed.). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing. ISBN 0-444-86951-4. OCLC 324553.
George Stanley Rushbrooke (1949). Introduction to Statistical Mechanics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. OCLC 531928.
External links[edit]
"Absolute zero": a two part NOVA episode originally aired January 2008
"What is absolute zero?" Lansing state journal
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Kellie Shirley
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Kellie Shirley
Kellie Shirley
Born
Kelly Jane Shirley
Croydon, London, England
Years active
2002–Present
Notable work
Carly Wicks in EastEnders (2006–2008, 2012)
Spouse(s)
Phil Davies
Children
Two[1]
Kellie Shirley is an English actress who works in film, television, theatre and radio. She has also co-presented programmes for BBC2 and Channel 5. She is known for her role as Carly Wicks in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from 2006 to 2008 following the death of character's father Kevin Wicks (Phil Daniels). Shirley returned to the soap in September 2012 where she was reunited with her on-screen mother Shirley Carter.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Career[edit]
Shirley's other credits include playing the female lead opposite John Hannah in 'Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde' (Working Title), The Office Christmas specials and Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky. She has also worked extensively in theatre at the Royal National Theatre and Royal Court. In June 2009, Shirley co-hosted the BBC Two show Something for the Weekend with Tim Lovejoy, standing in for Amanda Hamilton who was on maternity leave.[2] She has since appeared on "Sunday Brunch" and regularly on magazine show "The Wright Stuff" she featured in the Pencil Full of Lead video by Scottish singer Paolo Nutini.
Shirley played the role of "Louise" in the 2012 Lionsgate feature film Riot about the London Riots. In February 2013, she starred as Susie Browning in Run for Your Wife with Judi Dench and Danny Dyer. In the film Girl on a Bicycle, directed by Jeremy Leven, Shirley plays 'Marta' opposite Paddy Considine. She portrayed Ali in the independent film "Everyone's Going to Die" as well as the role of 'Lydia' in the 6 part series 'Self Centered' for Pollibee Pictures. She played "Stella Stone & Gemma" in Royal National Theatre play about the phone hacking scandal "Great Britain" directed by Nick Hytner. Shirley has also finished a run at The Theatre Royal Haymarket in One Man, Two Guvnors as "Pauline" after its international tour clocking up over 650 performances. Shirley works extensively for BBC Radio 4, including three series of comedy "House on Fire" written by Chris Sussmann and long running series "A Small Town Murder". Her most recent TV appearance was in Sky drama series "The Marriage of Reason and Squalor" directed by "The Chapman Brothers".
Filmography[edit]
Shame The Devil (film 2013) – DS Clarke
Kick (film 2012) – Tracey
Everyone's Going to Die (film 2013) – Ali
RIOT (film 2012) – Louise
Run for Your Wife – Susie (2012)
Tangled up in Love – Bride (2011)
Frank – Polly (2011)
Girl on a Bicycle – Marta (2012)
Self Centred (web series) – Lydia (2010)
Pencil of Lead (music video) (2010)
Lewis – Madeleine Cotton (2009)
Something for the Weekend – herself (2009)
Parents of the Band – Esther (2008)
The Grind – Jo (2008)
EastEnders – Carly Wicks (2006–08, 2012)
The Sick House – Joolz (2007)
Venus – Royal Court Actress #1 (2006)
Coming Up (TV series) – Happy $lapz – Lisa (2006)
Murder City – Episode 'Wives And Lovers' as Lucy Chalmers (2006)
Kellogg's Crunchy Nut Cornflakes (2005) Promotion Girl (Advert)
Too Much Too Young – Mandy (2005)
Heidi – Tinette (2005)
Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky – Violet (2005)
Wimbledon – Betting Shop Girl (2004)
The Office – Christmas Special – Blind Date KYM (Contestant) (2003)
The Bill – Alanah 2003- murdered prostitute 2 episodes
Whacked – Waitress (2002)
Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon – Trish Cooper (2002)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde – Mabel Mercer (2002)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Minn, Hayley (29 September 2015). "EastEnders star Kellie Shirley gives birth to twins Pearl and Louie". OK! Magazine. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "BBC Two – Something for the Weekend, 14/06/2009". BBC.
External links[edit]
Kellie Shirley
Kellie Shirley on IMDb
Interview with Kellie Shirley
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 122325161
ISNI: 0000 0003 7200 8039
BNF: cb16210476w (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kellie_Shirley&oldid=833566976"
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List of Chronicles of Narnia cast members
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The following is a list of cast members who have portrayed characters appearing in The Chronicles of Narnia film series, based upon the novels of the same name by C. S. Lewis.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Characters[edit]
Key
(voice) indicates a vocal/voice performance.
A dark grey cell indicates the character is not in the film.
Character
Film
The Chronicles of Narnia:
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The Chronicles of Narnia:
Prince Caspian
The Chronicles of Narnia:
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The Chronicles of Narnia:
The Silver Chair
2005[1]
2008[2]
2010[3]
TBA
Aslan
Liam Neeson (voice)
Lucy Pevensie
Georgie Henley
Rachel Henley (older) Georgie Henley TBA
Edmund Pevensie
Skandar Keynes
Mark Wells (older) Skandar Keynes
Peter Pevensie
William Moseley
Noah Huntley (older) William Moseley
Susan Pevensie
Anna Popplewell
Sophie Winkleman (older) Anna Popplewell
Jadis, the White Witch
Tilda Swinton
King Caspian X
Ben Barnes
Reepicheep
Eddie Izzard (voice) Simon Pegg (voice)
Eustace Scrubb
Will Poulter
Jill Pole
Mentioned TBA
Mr. Tumnus
James McAvoy
Mr. Beaver
Ray Winstone (voice)
Mrs. Beaver
Dawn French (voice)
Digory Kirke
Jim Broadbent
Ginarrbrik
Kiran Shah
Father Christmas
James Cosmo
Oreius
Patrick Kake
Maugrim
Michael Madsen (voice)
General Otmin
Shane Rangi
Trumpkin
Peter Dinklage
Trufflehunter
Ken Stott (voice)
Glenstorm
Cornell S John
Bulgy Bear
David Walliams (voice)
Nikabrik
Warwick Davis
Miraz
Sergio Castellitto
Doctor Cornelius
Vincent Grass
Glozelle
Pierfrancesco Favino
Prunaprismia
Alicia Borrachero
Sopespian
Damián Alcázar
Scythley
Simon Andreu
Donnon
Predrag Bjelac
Tavros
Shane Rangi
Jemain
Tamati
Caprius
Ryan Ettridge
Randy
Morgan Evans
Nausus
Steven Rooke
Drinian
Gary Sweet
Queen Lilliandil
Laura Brent
Lady of the Green Kirtle
TBC[4]
See also[edit]
List of actors who have played Narnia characters
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe cast". Yahoo!. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
Jump up ^ "The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian cast". Yahoo!. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
Jump up ^ "The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Cast Listing". NarniaWeb. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Enter The Silver Chair Movie Contest!". Narnia.com.
External links[edit]
Cast and crew at NarniaWeb
[hide]
v
t
e
The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis
The Lion, the Witch
and the Wardrobe Prince
Caspian The Voyage of
the Dawn Treader The Silver
Chair The Horse
and His Boy The Magician's
Nephew The Last
Battle
Film
Soundtrack
Game
Film
Soundtrack
Game
Film
Soundtrack
Game
Film
Characters
and creatures
Aravis
Aslan
Mr. and Mrs. Beaver
Bree
Caspian
Centaurs
Coriakin
Digory
Drinian
Edmund
Emeth
Eustace
The Cabby and Nellie
Hwin
Jill
Lady of the Green Kirtle
Lucy
Maugrim
Miraz
Peter
Polly
Puddleglum
Rabadash
Ramandu
Ramandu's daughter
Reepicheep
Rilian
Seven Great Lords of Narnia
Shasta/Cor
Shift
Susan
Tash
Telmarines
Tirian
Trumpkin
Mr. Tumnus
White Witch
Universe
Narnia (world)
Anvard
Archenland
Aslan's Country
Aslan's How
Cair Paravel
Calormen
Charn
Lantern Waste
Miraz's Castle
Narnia (country)
Underland
Wood between the Worlds
Adaptations
ITV TV serial
Animated TV film
BBC TV serial (Season 1
2
3)
Film series
Cast list
Music
Accolades
List of actors
General
Battles
First Battle of Beruna
Second Battle of Beruna
Dawn Treader
Deplorable Word
Hundred-Year Winter
Religion
Tisroc
Category
Outline
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Chronicles_of_Narnia_cast_members&oldid=809053935"
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This page was last edited on 6 November 2017, at 21:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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