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Bates Motel (season 5)
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Bates Motel (season 5)
Promotional poster and home media cover art
Starring
Vera Farmiga
Freddie Highmore
Max Thieriot
Olivia Cooke
Nestor Carbonell
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
10
Release
Original network
A&E
Original release
February 20 (2017-02-20) – April 24, 2017 (2017-04-24)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 4
List of Bates Motel episodes
The fifth and final season[1] of Bates Motel premiered on February 20, 2017, and concluded on April 24, 2017. The season consisted of 10 episodes and aired on Mondays at 10 p.m. ET/PT on A&E.[2] The series itself is described as a "contemporary prequel" to the 1960 film Psycho, following the life of Norman Bates and his mother Norma prior to the events portrayed in the Hitchcock film. However, the final season of the series loosely adapts the plot of Psycho. The series takes place in the fictional town of White Pine Bay, Oregon.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Special guest
1.3 Recurring
1.4 Guest
2 Production
2.1 Casting
2.2 Filming
3 Episodes
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Ratings
4.3 Awards and nominations
5 References
6 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Bates Motel characters
Main[edit]
Vera Farmiga, Freddie Highmore, and Max Thieriot (left to right) portray Norma Louise Bates, Norman Bates, and Dylan Massett, respectively.
Olivia Cooke, Nestor Carbonell, and Rihanna (left to right) portray Emma Decody, Sheriff Alex Romero, and Marion Crane, respectively.
Vera Farmiga as Norma Louise Bates
Freddie Highmore as Norman Bates
Max Thieriot as Dylan Massett
Olivia Cooke as Emma Decody
Nestor Carbonell as Alex Romero
Special guest[edit]
Rihanna as Marion Crane
Recurring[edit]
Kenny Johnson as Caleb Calhoun
Ryan Hurst as Chick Hogan
Brooke Smith as Sheriff Jane Greene
Isabelle McNally as Madeleine Loomis
Austin Nichols as Sam Loomis
Jillian Fargey as Maggie Summers
Damon Gupton as Dr. Gregg Edwards
Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Julia Ramos
Guest[edit]
Carlton Cuse as Highway Patrol Officer
John Hainsworth as Jim Blackwell
Antonio Cayonne as Bruce Herman
Production[edit]
Casting[edit]
In June 2016, showrunner Kerry Ehrin confirmed the return of Kenny Johnson as Caleb Calhoun for the final season, in an interview with Deadline.com.[3] The following month, it was announced that Rihanna had been cast in the iconic role of Marion Crane.[4][5] In September 2016, Isabelle McNally joined the cast of the series, portraying the role of Madeleine Loomis, a young woman who resembles Norma.[6] That same month, Brooke Smith joined the cast as Sheriff Jane Greene.[7] In January 2017, Austin Nichols was cast in the role of Sam Loomis, a prominent role in both the source material and the film adaptation.[8] That same month, Ryan Hurst's return as Chick Hogan was reported.[9] In March 2017, it was revealed that series executive producer Carlton Cuse would appear as a police officer trailing Marion Crane.[10] That same month, Natalia Cordova-Buckley joined the cast as Julia Ramos, an attorney.[11]
Filming[edit]
The series was filmed on location in Aldergrove, British Columbia. At the beginning of the first season, a replica of the original Bates Motel set from the film Psycho was built on 272nd Street.[12][13] Freddie Highmore was tapped to write an episode for the season, as well as direct an episode, marking his directorial debut.[14] Max Thieriot and Nestor Carbonell were also tapped to direct an episode each for season 5.[15]
Production on the season began on September 16, 2016.[16] The series filmed its final scenes at the specially-built Bates Motel set in Aldergrove on January 25, 2017, and production began tearing the house down the following day.[17][18] Carbonell filmed his final scenes as Sheriff Alex Romero on January 27, 2017.[19][20] Filming officially wrapped for the series on January 31, 2017.[21] In February 2017, the Bates Motel exterior set in Aldergrove was subsequently demolished.[22]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Bates Motel episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
41
1 "Dark Paradise" Tucker Gates Kerry Ehrin February 20, 2017 (2017-02-20) 1.34[23]
It has been two years since the death of Norma. Norman is now living alone and running the Bates Motel. He stays with his hallucination, "Mother", whom he believes faked her death to the rest of the world, while he is secretly keeping Norma's preserved corpse in the basement. Dylan and Emma are now married with an infant daughter, and are unaware of Norma's death. Caleb shows up, much to the stress of Dylan, so Emma asks Caleb to leave for Dylan's sake. Romero is in prison and is denied parole. Romero sends a hitman to kill Norman, but Norman murders him instead. He meets Madeleine Loomis, a young store-owner who resembles Norma. While "Mother" and Norman dispose of the hitman's body in a lake, the man's phone rings. Norman answers it to hear Romero's voice.
42
2 "The Convergence of the Twain" Sarah Boyd Alyson Evans & Steve Kornacki February 27, 2017 (2017-02-27) 1.28[24]
Norman visits Romero in prison and Romero warns that he will come for Norman. Norman goes to dinner with Madeleine and her husband Sam, who is cheating on her. "Mother" follows Norman and asks why he is having dinner with a girl who looks like her. Caleb returns to White Pine Bay, looking for Norma, but instead learns that Norma committed suicide over a year earlier. He breaks down with grief at her grave. Later, he and Chick have an altercation in a bar. Caleb says he knows Norman killed Norma, because she would never commit suicide, and vows to get revenge. He goes back to the Bates house and discovers Norma's frozen corpse in the basement. Norman, dressed as "Mother", attacks Caleb. Chick witnesses this, shocked.
43
3 "Bad Blood" Sarah Boyd Tom Szentgyorgyi March 6, 2017 (2017-03-06) 1.28[25]
Caleb wakes to find himself chained in the basement of the Bates house. Norman, as "Mother", visits him to recount their history. This causes Caleb to slowly lose his mind. Chick, now aware of Norman's mental condition, remains at the house to research his true-crime novel based on Norman. Madeleine admits her troubled marriage to Norman, and they become friends. Romero is granted a transfer, following his prison fight. He escapes custody, only to be shot while trying to steal a car from a farm. "Mother" insists that Norman should kill Caleb, as she cannot do it. Norman sets Caleb free, but "Mother" chases him into the road, where a distracted Chick accidentally hits him with his car.
44
4 "Hidden" Max Thieriot Torrey Speer March 13, 2017 (2017-03-13) 1.25[26]
Caleb dies from the accident and Chick cremates the body. The new sheriff is informed about Jim Blackwell skipping parole and questions Norman, as Blackwell had the house's address. Romero tends to his gunshot wounds before showing up at Maggie Summers' house. Chick tries to move into the Bates house, only to be turned away by Norman, who does not think Chick being there is a good idea. Norman and "Mother" continue to get into arguments, as Norman wants to have control over his own life. Madeleine invites Norman over to her house for dinner since Sam is out of town, and they start kissing. "Mother" appears and Norman visualizes Madeleine with her throat slit. He runs back home, calling for "Mother," who is not there.
45
5 "Dreams Die First" Nestor Carbonell Erica Lipez & Kerry Ehrin March 20, 2017 (2017-03-20) 1.36[27]
Norman awakens to find no sign of his mother. Sheriff Greene informs him that Romero may come after him. In Seattle, Dylan explains to Emma why he cut off contact with Norma, revealing that Norman is sick and Emma's mother went missing after checking into the motel. Emma later discovers that Norma is dead. Sam's mistress, Marion Crane, goes on the run after stealing $400,000 from her boss; Madeleine confronts Sam about the affair. Norman encounters his old therapist, Dr. Edwards, and is faced again with the reality that Norma is dead and he assumes her persona. He visits the White Horse Bar, and is confused when the patrons recognize him from the night before. A man attempts to seduce him and Norman has a flashback of "Mother" and the man having sex. Panicking, he flees home just as Marion arrives at the Bates Motel.
46
6 "Marion" Phil Abraham Carlton Cuse & Kerry Ehrin March 27, 2017 (2017-03-27) 1.30[28]
Norman greets Marion at the motel; Emma informs a shocked Dylan of his mother's death. After Norman and Marion eat dinner together, Norman spies on her as she undresses for her shower. He later reveals to her that Sam is married. When Marion sees Sam and Madeleine arguing at his house, she smashes his car windows in anger and returns to the motel. "Mother" tries to goad Norman into killing Marion, but Norman, unwilling to do this, fights back and forces Marion out of the motel before he can hurt her, saving her life. Marion leaves town as Sam shows up at her room. He decides to shower while waiting for her. When "Mother" compares Sam to Norman's father, Norman stabs Sam to death in the shower.
47
7 "Inseparable" Steph Green Story by : Freddie Highmore & Erica Lipez
Teleplay by : Freddie Highmore April 3, 2017 (2017-04-03) 1.26[29]
"Mother" and Norman dispose of Sam's body, though Norman does not want to hallucinate "Mother" anymore. Sheriff Greene reveals that Jim Blackwell's body was recovered. Norman buries Norma's frozen corpse in the woods in case police investigate his house. Dylan arrives at the Bates' house and says that Norman should have told him about Norma's death, and to let him help Norman, as he sees that Norman is sick. Dylan learns that Dr. Edwards is missing and presumed dead, even though Norman said he'd met with him. Dylan then meets Madeleine, who is worried about a missing Sam. Dylan asks Norman about Sam and encourages him to take his medication, but "Mother" takes over and tries to kill Dylan. Norman intervenes, yelling that Dylan is his brother, and Dylan, in shock, watches him struggle with himself. Norman comes to, dials 911, and confesses to Sam's murder.
48
8 "The Body" Freddie Highmore Erica Lipez April 10, 2017 (2017-04-10) 1.23[30]
Norman is anxious to be arrested, fearing that he will see "Mother" and she will intervene. He is interrogated, and given his medication, but "Mother" forces him to vomit it out and takes full control of him. "Mother" blames Madeleine for Sam's murder and says Norman confessed to take the fall for her. Dylan gets a lawyer and explains that Norman is not a criminal nor a bad person - he is mentally ill and needs a mental institution. Emma's mother's body is also found and identified from the lake, confirming Dylan's suspicion about Norman killing her. Romero returns to the Bates' property and finds Chick, who has set up his writing desk in the house. Chick is killed by Romero after mocking him and the entire situation. Sam's body is found next, and Norman, with "Mother" still in control, is charged with three murders.
49
9 "Visiting Hours" Olatunde Osunsanmi Scott Kosar April 17, 2017 (2017-04-17) 1.22[31]
Norman's attorney suggests entering an insanity plea, as he could be put to death if convicted. Emma arrives to see Dylan but is unsure whether the two of them will make it when Dylan takes his brother's side. After seeing the evidence presented at Norman's hearing, Madeleine asks Dylan how he can live with himself after knowing Norman was sick and still leaving him to do what he did. Emma decides to go back home, but not before going to see Norman. She instantly realizes he is in "Mother's" persona, and so asks him to tell the real Norman that she misses him. Romero discovers where Norman is and forces the officers to release him. He forces Norman into Norman's car and orders him to take them to Norma's body.
50
10 "The Cord" Tucker Gates Kerry Ehrin & Carlton Cuse April 24, 2017 (2017-04-24) 1.41[32]
"Mother" leads Romero to Norma's body and as Romero mourns over it, Norman subdues him and shoots him with his own gun. Before Romero dies, he tells Norman that Norman will never be able to escape from the fact that he killed his own mother. "Mother" tells Norman that with Romero dead and now that he really knows the truth - that he killed her - there is nothing left to protect him from, and she leaves him for good. Unable to handle this, Norman's mind regresses to when they first moved to the motel. Under that delusion, he takes Norma's body back to the house and invites Dylan for dinner. Dylan does not inform the police. Instead, armed with a gun, he goes. After seeing Norma's corpse at the dinner table, Dylan begs Norman to face reality but Norman is unwilling to live without his mother. Dylan is forced to fatally shoot him when Norman charges at him with a knife. Norman dies in Dylan's arms and thanks Dylan for letting him reunite with Norma in death. The motel and house are sold, and Dylan and Emma make a happy life together with their daughter in Seattle.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The season has received positive reviews from television critics. It received 81 out of 100 from Metacritic, based on 8 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[33] Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 8 out of 8 critical responses were positive, averaging a 100% rating.[34]
Ratings[edit]
Overall, the fifth season of Bates Motel averaged 1.29 million viewers, with a 0.5 rating in the 18–49 demographic.[35]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Dark Paradise" February 20, 2017 0.5 1.34[23] 0.5 1.19 1.0 2.53[36]
2 "The Convergence of the Twain" February 27, 2017 0.4 1.28[24] N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 "Bad Blood" March 6, 2017 0.5 1.28[25] 0.5 1.31 1.0 2.60[37]
4 "Hidden" March 13, 2017 0.4 1.25[26] 0.6 1.38 1.0 2.63[38]
5 "Dreams Die First" March 20, 2017 0.5 1.36[27] 0.5 1.35 1.0 2.71[39]
6 "Marion" March 27, 2017 0.5 1.30[28] 0.6 1.38 1.1 2.68[40]
7 "Inseparable" April 3, 2017 0.4 1.26[29] 0.6 1.40 1.0 2.65[41]
8 "The Body" April 10, 2017 0.4 1.23[30] 0.6 1.34 1.0 2.57[42]
9 "Visiting Hours" April 17, 2017 0.4 1.23[31] 0.5 1.33 0.9 2.56[43]
10 "The Cord" April 24, 2017 0.5 1.41[32] 0.4 N/A 0.9[A][44] N/A
A ^ Cable Live +3 data is used here as Live +7 was not made available.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Bates Motel
In its fifth and final season, Bates Motel was nominated for one award.
Year
Awards
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
2017 8th Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Actor in a Drama Series Freddie Highmore Nominated [45]
The listed years are of television release, annual ceremonies are usually held the following year
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (July 22, 2016). "Comic-Con: 'Bates Motel' to End After Five Seasons". Variety. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (January 3, 2017). "Bates Motel sets final check-in date". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Grobar, Matt (June 15, 2016). "'Bates Motel' On Set: Showrunners And Stars On Freddie Highmore's Writing Debut". Deadline.com. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 22, 2016). "Rihanna To Play Iconic 'Psycho' Role In 'Bates Motel' Fifth & Final Season – Comic-Con". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra; Halterman, Jim (July 22, 2016). "Rihanna Joins 'Bates Motel' in Janet Leigh Role". Variety. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 21, 2016). "Bates Motel Season 5: House of Cards Actress Cast as Norma's Doppelganger". TVLine. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 22, 2016). "Bates Motel Elects Grey's Anatomy Alum Brooke Smith (New) Sheriff". TVLine. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 9, 2017). "'Bates Motel': 'The Walking Dead's Austin Nichols To Recur on Season 5". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lesnick, Silas (January 9, 2017). "Go a Little Mad with the Bates Motel Season 5 Trailer". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (March 6, 2017). "'Bates Motel': Carlton Cuse's Surprising Cameo (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (March 21, 2017). "'Agents of Shield' Star Natalia Cordova-Buckley Joins 'Bates Motel' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Turnquist, Kristi (March 26, 2013). "'Bates Motel': What's going on in that bucolic Oregon coastal town". OregonLive.com. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "BATES MOTEL Set in Aldergrove is Spitting Image of Alfred Hitchcock's Set in Psycho – Updated". YVR Shoots. November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Pena, Jessica (November 10, 2016). "Bates Motel: Freddie Highmore Talks About the Final Season". TV Series Finale. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Marie, April (July 27, 2016). "#SDCC16: Bates Motel Cast Bittersweet About Series End; Excited for Rihanna as Marion Crane". Dread Central. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gittins, Susan (September 21, 2016). "SHOOT: BATES MOTEL Final Season's First Day at Motel & House Set in Aldergrove". YVR Shoots.
Jump up ^ Gittins, Susan (January 25, 2017). "SERIES FINALE: BATES MOTEL's Last Day at its Aldergrove House & Motel Set". YVR Shoots.
Jump up ^ Gittins, Susan (January 26, 2017). "SERIES FINALE: BATES MOTEL Tears Down Gothic House Set. Motel Stays For Now". YVR Shoots.
Jump up ^ Gittins, Susan (January 27, 2017). "SERIES FINALE: Nestor Carbonell (aka Romero)'s Last Day on BATES MOTEL". YVR Shoots.
Jump up ^ Saclao, Christian (January 28, 2017). "'Bates Motel' Nestor Carbonell Thanks Vera Farmiga As He Wraps Filming On A&E Series". Yahoo! News.
Jump up ^ Nolfi, Joey (February 1, 2017). "Bates Motel wraps filming, Vera Farmiga smooches Freddie Highmore". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Brown, Scott (February 4, 2017). "Hollywood North: The Bates Motel gets hit by the wrecking ball (gallery)". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (February 22, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'WWE Monday Night Raw' holds steady, 'Bates Motel' premieres low". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (February 28, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Bates Motel' and 'WWE Raw' tick down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (March 7, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Bates Motel' ticks up, 'Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta' premieres on top". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (March 16, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta' and 'Bates Motel' dip". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (March 21, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Bates Motel' ticks up, 'WWE Raw' stays strong". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (March 28, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Street Outlaws' ticks up, 'Bates Motel' holds steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (April 4, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'WWE Raw' leads, 'Love & Hip Hop' dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (April 11, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Better Call Saul' premieres low, 'Love & Hip Hop' ticks up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (April 18, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Better Call Saul' hits series low, 'Bates Motel' holds steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (April 25, 2017). "Monday cable ratings: 'Bates Motel' series finale rises, 'WWE Raw' dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bates Motel: Season 5 Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bates Motel: Season 5 (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bates Motel: Season Five Ratings". TV Series Finale. April 25, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 9, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' makes its lead even bigger in cable Live +7 ratings for Feb. 20-26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 24, 2017). "'The Americans' premiere triples in cable Live +7 ratings for March 6-12". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 30, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' makes up for losses in cable Live +7 ratings for March 13-19". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 6, 2017). "'Major Crimes' makes major gains in cable Live +7 ratings for March 20-26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 13, 2017). "'Underground' makes a big leap in cable Live +7 ratings for March 27-April 2". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 20, 2017). "'Archer' premiere doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for April 3-9". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 26, 2017). "'Better Call Saul' makes big gains in cable Live +7 ratings for April 10-16". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 4, 2017). "'Fargo' premiere makes solid gains in cable Live +7 ratings for April 17-23". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 7, 2017). "NFL Draft leads, 'Better Call Saul' jumps: Cable Live +3 ratings for April 24-30". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 6, 2017). "Critics' Choice Awards: 'The Shape of Water' Leads With 14 Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Bates Motel on IMDb
Bates Motel at TV.com
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Cover of Superman #14, dated January–February 1942. Art by Fred Ray.
Superman, a fictional comic book character has spanned several decades and become a defining superhero archetype.
Contents
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1 Creation
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5 The Bronze Age
6 The Modern Age
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7.1 Birthright
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7.3 Ongoing titles
8 The New 52
8.1 Convergence
9 DC Rebirth
10 See also
11 References
Creation[edit]
Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster met at Cleveland's Glenville High School. Both shared an affection for science fiction and pulp magazines and soon contributed to the student newspaper, The Glenville Torch. Soon, Siegel and Shuster produced their own science fiction magazine, Science Fiction, a stapled, mimeographed pamphlet containing drawings by Shuster and stories by Siegel under various pseudonyms. Only five issues were produced and they are very rare: one copy sold decades later for $50,000.[citation needed] Siegel's short story "The Reign of the Superman" (with an illustration by Shuster) concerned a bald-headed villain, vaguely reminiscent of Flash Gordon's Ming the Merciless, bent on dominating the world.
Looking to comics as a vehicle for their ideas, they formulated a different take on the concept of the superman, with the character being a physically powerful hero. They pitched this unsuccessfully to newspaper syndicates as a comic strip. Siegel sent it to National Comics in New York where it languished in a drawer. When a publisher had difficulty deciding on an appropriate cover for a new magazine called Action Comics, someone pulled out the Superman proposal, showing him lifting a car with his hands. The publisher allegedly called it "ridiculous", but still decided to later put it on the cover. He wrote Siegel and Shuster and asked them if they could put together a 13-page story for Action Comics #1.
Siegel and Shuster hurriedly cut and pasted their newspaper strip into comic book form and sent it off. In the summer, Action Comics hit the newsstands. Sales figures were not as immediate as today, but when Action #4 hit the stands, sales were off the charts. Astounded by this, the publisher is reported to have gone down to his local newsstand and asked a kid, "Why are you reading this one?" pointing to Action Comics. "Because it's the one that has Superman in it, mister."[1]
Early years[edit]
The revised Superman first appeared in Action Comics #1, June 1938. Siegel and Shuster sold the rights to the company for $130 and a contract to supply the publisher with material. The Saturday Evening Post reported in 1960 that the pair was being paid $75,000 each per year, still a fraction of DC's Superman profits. In 1964, when Siegel and Shuster sued for more money, DC fired them, prompting a legal battle that ended in 1967, when they accepted $200,000 and signed away any further claim to Superman or any character created from him. DC soon took Siegel's and Shuster's names off the byline. Following the huge financial success of Superman in 1978 and news reports of their pauper-like existences, Warner Communications gave Siegel and Shuster lifetime pensions of $35,000 per year and health care benefits. In addition, any media production which includes the Superman character must include the credit, "Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster".
Throughout the decade of Superman's existence, DC sued several competing comic book publishers for introducing superheroes with similar powers. Among these companies were Fox Feature Syndicate for its character Wonderman, and Fawcett Comics for its character Master Man. In 1941, DC filed a lawsuit against Fawcett over the top-selling character of the time whom DC perceived as a Superman clone, Captain Marvel. During the National Comics Publications v. Fawcett Publications case, Fawcett fought the lawsuit, and continued publishing Captain Marvel, who surpassed Superman and the other superheroes in sales in the mid-1940s. By 1953, the case had been in litigation for twelve years, and in court for five. The case was decided in DC's favor. Fawcett paid DC a fine and ceased publication of all Captain Marvel-related comics. DC would acquire the rights to Captain Marvel in the 1970s and the former rival characters would be presented as allies, with Captain Marvel often serving as the Kryptonian's substitute in emergencies.
Golden Age[edit]
See also: Superman (Earth-Two)
By the time the United States had entered World War II, Superman had inspired a boom in the comic book industry and had engendered the new genre of the "superheroes" (although, controversy still exists over whether Superman can be considered the first superhero), which by then had included Batman, Captain America, Namor the Sub-Mariner, Captain Marvel, Robin, The Flash, The Green Lantern, Wonder Woman.
By this time, the character had also leaped from the comics into other media. In 1939, Superman's adventures were seen in newspaper strips, although they were often reprints of what was already appearing in the comics. Also, The Adventures of Superman radio program was broadcast to the nation with millions of listeners. And while Captain Marvel beat him to live action cinema in The Adventures of Captain Marvel (in a serial originally intended for Superman), a series of lavishly budgeted animated cartoons produced by Max Fleischer hit theaters and continue to astound viewers today.
After the war though, many of Superman's contemporaries found themselves slowly being forgotten after the boom became a bust. Throughout the late 1940s and the duration of the 1950s, Superman was by far the most popular character in comics. By the mid-1950s, there were few characters to challenge him. Only Batman, Wonder Woman and a few other Golden-Agers remained. During this time, Superman's powers became more and more grandiose. They would expand to include heat vision (heat rays emitting from his eyes), the ability to breathe in space, and the power to travel through time. Superman's adversaries also grew more fantastic and mighty, but more and more issues of the comics involved "imaginary stories" which could result in any number of scenarios (either as a cause or an effect) and did not affect the continuity of future issues. These grander powers would be replicated within the Silver Age Superman.
It was also established shortly after World War II that Superman had begun his career years earlier in the town of Smallville, under the name of Superboy. Stories about Superboy tended to be illustrated in an idyllic fashion and has been compared to the Saturday Evening Post. Superman also became a hit in live action. The 1948 self-titled serial and its sequel Atom Man vs. Superman with Kirk Alyn as Clark Kent/Superman were both box-office smashes—the former being the biggest of all time—and his television show Adventures of Superman starring George Reeves, was an integral part of the so-called "Golden Age of Television."
As shown in the original Golden Age comics — including Action Comics #1 (1938), Superman (Vol. 1) #1 (1939), and Superman (Vol. 1) #61 (1949), as well as in later stories such as Secret Origins (Vol. 2) #1 (1986) — noted scientist Jor-L discovers that Krypton is about to explode, yet he cannot convince his fellow Kryptonians to save themselves. However, he manages to construct a spaceship to save his infant son, Kal-L. The ship launches just as the planet explodes, with Kal-L landing on Earth in a farm country town (later identified as Smallville) around the time of World War I. In this version, John and Mary Kent (passing motorists who witness the spaceship landing) take the infant to an orphanage and soon return to adopt the child, naming him Clark. In his 1942 novel, George Lowther changes the names Jor-L, Kal-L and Lora (Superman's birth mother) to the more modern Jor-El and Lara. According to an interview with Joe Shuster shortly before his death, the name "Clark Kent" was chosen as a combination of the names of two movie stars, Clark Gable and Kent Taylor.[2]
Action Comics #1 (June 1938), the debut of Superman. Cover art by Joe Shuster
.
Clark grows up on the Kent family farm, slowly discovering that he possesses various superpowers but unaware of his Kryptonian origins. After the deaths of his adoptive parents, Clark decides to use his powers for the benefit of humanity, constructing a stylized costume and moving to the nearby city of Metropolis. Clark begins work as a reporter at the Daily Star newspaper and soon makes his debut as the world's first superhero, Superman.
The earliest Superman stories were written by Siegel, and drawn by Shuster in a style heavily influenced by comic strip artist Roy Crane. According to Jules Feiffer, "Shuster represented the best of old-style comic book drawing. His work was direct, unprettied - crude and vigorous; as easy to read as a diagram.... Slickness, thank God, was beyond his means" (Feiffer,The Great Comic Book Heroes, 1965). In the last interview Shuster gave before his death, he explained that he had modeled the visual appearance of Clark Kent on himself and movie star Harold Lloyd, and that of Superman on Douglas Fairbanks Senior. Lois Lane was modeled after Joanne Carter, who would later marry Jerry Siegel after the comic became a success. The skyscape of Metropolis was inspired by that of the city of Toronto, where Shuster had spent most of his childhood, and the newspaper employing Clark Kent, originally the Daily Star, was named after the Toronto Star for which Shuster had been a paperboy. (Mietkewicz, above)
With Superman's quick success, the demand for Superman stories exceeded the creator's ability to produce them. Although the stories continued to carry the Siegel and Shuster byline, progressively more of the work was done by assistants in the Siegel and Shuster studio (Les Daniels, Comix: A History of Comic Books in America, 1971). But the use of assistants was not always successful. According to Jules Feiffer, Shuster "could not draw well, but he drew single-mindedly -- no one could ghost that style. It was the man. When assistants began 'improving' the appearance of the strip it went downhill. It looked as though it was being drawn in a bank" (Feiffer, above). One story in which Superman encountered a fictional cartoonist provided a tongue-in-cheek look at how such work was delegated. The story, which purported on the title page to tell "how comic strips are written and drawn", showed a studio filled with "artists -- stacks of them -- figure men, background specialists, inkers, letterers" as well as script-writers, all devoted to the production of stories about a Superman-like character, while the original creator of the strip was to Superman's consternation kept busy answering his fan mail ("King of the Comic Books", Superman no. 25, 1943).
In the early stories, Superman is the only science-fiction element. He is described as the champion of the helpless and the oppressed, and he combats real-world social evils: munitions manufacturers, dangerous conditions in mines and a hit-and-run drunk driver (in Superman #1), rigged prize fights and corrupt businessmen (in Superman #2), child abusers and wife beaters (in Superman #3) and crooked cops and politicians (in Superman #7). By 1940, more extraordinary antagonists began to appear in the stories, including giants, mad scientists and dinosaurs. Superman's powers also developed during the 1940s, including vast increases in strength and acquiring the ability to fly — the earliest comics depict Superman able to leap only an eighth of a mile at a time. In Superman (Vol. 1) #61 (1949), Superman finally learns of the existence of Krypton. Superman becomes an honorary member of the Justice Society of America, though he only participates in two capers in the original Golden Age stories (All-Star Comics #8 and #36).
In his earliest adventures, Superman is depicted as being grim, strong-willed, and not afraid to take the life of an evildoer. These include examples of beating a robber to death after the thief tries to shoot him. Like the Batman of that era, he prompted a small controversy over comic characters killing. While Batman was toned down in terms of violence, Superman imposed a moral code that he would never take a life of any adversary he faced. During World War Two, Superman was used as a figure of hope for readers in America and soldiers. This was evident in many of the Superman Fleischer Studios animated shorts of the era, in which Superman is helping the Allies win the war and often shown at odds with Japanese spies and German espionage agents.
Beginning in the 1940s, Superman's life as a boy is gradually fleshed out. The first Superboy story appears in More Fun Comics #101 (February 1945) but the locale is still not clearly specified though it appears to be a Metropolis neighborhood, and the Kents still do not have names. Superboy is not established as a Smallville resident until Superboy (Vol. 1) #2 (May 1949) and his parents' names, Jonathan and Martha Kent, are not mentioned until Superboy (Vol. 1) #12 in January 1951, twelve years after his debut in Action Comics #1. Other developments in the Superman mythos appear as a result of appearances in other media, including radio and newspaper strips. The Daily Star becomes the Daily Planet — possibly because newspapers called The Daily Star already existed — and Perry White replaces original editor George Taylor in the first episode of the radio serial; a young office boy named Jimmy Olsen joins the cast soon afterward.
The Silver Age[edit]
Main article: Superman (Earth-One)
Early in the "Silver Age of comic books", as DC was introducing new versions of old heroes, they explained that old versions lived in a parallel dimension they called "Earth-Two". Although Superman had remained in continuous publication and was not explicitly revised for the Silver Age, the various inconsistencies between his original appearance (see Kal-L) and the version depicted in the 1960s were explained the same way. The Superman presented during this period was the Superman of Earth-One.
Under the editorship of Mort Weisinger, the 1950s and early 1960s oversaw a major expansion of the character's mythos with such memorable foes as Brainiac and Bizarro appearing, as well as the arrival of his cousin Kara—also known as Supergirl—and the formation of the Justice League of America. Despite this, the 1960s would be a gloomy decade for Superman. Foreshadowing this, in 1959, George Reeves, the actor who had embodied the Man of Steel in the 1950s Adventures of Superman television series allegedly took his own life. Two Superman related pilots, The Adventures of Superpup (1958) and The Adventures of Superboy (1961), failed. In 1966, a lavish Broadway musical entitled It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman premiered with actor Bob Holiday in the title role. Despite generally positive reviews from critics, the musical was a financial failure and ended its run after only 129 performances. In contrast to this, 1966 also saw the arrival of a successful Saturday morning animated series entitled The New Adventures of Superman.
Meanwhile, in the comics, by the mid-1960s, Superman was facing more competition for consumer appeal than ever before. Batman had become a marketing bonanza, thanks in part to his own television series, which had much higher production values than the Adventures of Superman television series. Also, a rival company called Marvel Comics had unleashed a myriad of new characters including the Incredible Hulk, the Fantastic Four and Spider-Man whose more sophisticated characterization encouraged more compelling storytelling. Superman remained popular and viable, but he was no longer alone.
During the 1940s and 1950s, the Superman mythos gradually added familiar elements firmly established by the late 1950s, such as greater emphasis on the science fiction elements of Superman's world, including his Kryptonian origins as well as an updated version of his origins.
In the version that became established by the early 1960s (and memorably summarized at the start of each episode of the 1950s Adventures of Superman television series[3]), Superman is born on Krypton as Kal-El, the son of Jor-El (a leader-scientist) and Lara. When Kal-El is two or three years-old, Jor-El learns that Krypton is doomed to explode. He brings this warning to the Science Council, Krypton's rulers. The Science Council refuses to warn their fellow Kryptonians and forbids Jor-El to do so. Jor-El immediately begins work on a rocket that will allow the whole family to escape the coming disaster; however, events move too quickly, and only a small model is completed by the time of the final quakes. Lara stays by her husband's side rather than accompany Kal-El to Earth so that his ship will have a better chance of surviving the trip. Knowing that Earth's lower gravity and yellow sun will give the boy extraordinary powers, Jor-El launches Kal-El's rocketship toward Earth moments before Krypton explodes.
Kal-El's ship lands in a field near the town of Smallville and is discovered by Jonathan and Martha Kent. They name the child Clark after Martha's maiden name. After formally adopting him, the Kents raise him. The Kents discover his amazing powers and train their adopted son to use his powers constructively. At the age of eight, Clark adopts the superhero identity "Superboy" and fights crime, both in the present and in the far future as a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. After his graduation from high school and the death of his adoptive parents, Clark moves to Metropolis to attend Metropolis University. During his junior year, Clark changes his superhero name to "Superman". After graduating with a degree in journalism, Clark is hired by the Daily Planet.
The Bronze Age[edit]
Despite a changing market, Superman's stories remained similar to those which defined the Silver Age for quite a while. However, by the 1970s, it became apparent that even the Man of Steel needed some polishing. Superman entered the 1970s under famed artist and writer Jack Kirby. Kirby chose to revamp the spin-off title Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen, using it as a platform for his Fourth-World concept. Among the creations first appearing therein was Darkseid, an alien warlord powerful enough to pose a great threat to Superman himself.
During this same time period, editor Mort Weisinger was replaced by Julius Schwartz, who wanted to transition Superman to a more modern and realistic form. To this end, Schwartz recruited up-and-coming talents such as writers Dennis O'Neil, Elliot S. Maggin, Cary Bates, and cover artist Neal Adams, as well as veteran Superman artists Curt Swan and Murphy Anderson. This shift was marked by a major storyline entitled Kryptonite Nevermore, written by O'Neil, that significantly lowered Superman's power level and eliminated most of kryptonite on Earth. However, soon after the storyline ended, O'Neil stepped down as writer and both of these changes were eventually reversed.
Also Superman's Earth-2 counterpart married the Lois Lane of his world, and new rivals such as Terra-Man and Parasite appeared. In 1978 Superman was released. The film featured groundbreaking special effects and stars such as Marlon Brando and Gene Hackman, but it was the performance of newcomer Christopher Reeve under the direction of Richard Donner that made the film come alive in the eyes of many critics.[citation needed] The film engendered a series of sequels throughout the 1980s. However, the later three sequels proved to be less successful than the first. In 1970, the Galaxy Broadcasting System and its president, Morgan Edge, purchased the Daily Planet, Edge subsequently naming Clark as the lead anchorman for its Metropolis television station, WGBS-TV. Later in the 1970s, childhood friend Lana Lang joins Clark in his newscasts as his fellow co-anchor.
After the establishment of DC Comics' Multiverse in the 1960s, it is established retroactively that the Golden Age version of Superman lives on the parallel world of Earth-Two and is named "Kal-L", while his Silver Age/Bronze Age counterpart lives on Earth-One and is named "Kal-El."
While the Multiverse allowed for DC Comics to bring the Golden Age stories back into continuity, it also created problems. There had been no break in Superman stories between the Golden and Silver Ages; the character had been published in one ongoing story since his debut. Additionally, DC had dropped the name "Kal-L" in favor of "Kal-El" before the end of the Golden Age. A series of stories in the 1970s establish that the Earth-Two Superman had married his version of Lois Lane in the 1950s (Action Comics #484 (1978)) and had become the editor-in-chief of The Daily Star. In the early 1970s, Kal-L discovers a Kryptonian rocket that contains his cousin, Kara Zor-L. After acclimating to Earth, Kara becomes the superheroine Power Girl. Kal-L also continues to serve with the revived Justice Society; he is revealed as a founding member of the group in the team's origin story in DC Special #29. In the early 1980s, Kal-L is also shown as a member of the All-Star Squadron during World War II.
While the comics continued to sell, in 1986, DC Comics decided that Superman and all of their properties needed a vast overhaul.
The Modern Age[edit]
Man of Steel, the 1980s revision of Superman.
In a 12-issue, 1985 limited series entitled Crisis on Infinite Earths all of the DC heroes battled an evil being called the Anti-Monitor, resulting in the destruction of most of DC's alternate dimensions. Following this series, the backstories of all of DC's characters were altered and updated. Even Superman got an overhaul in 1986's John Byrne's The Man of Steel. This 1986 reboot brought substantial changes to the character and met huge success at the time, being one of the top-selling books.
During Crisis, the various parallel Earths are combined into one, retroactively eliminating some of Earth-Two's heroes from existence. Kal-L, the Earth-Two Superman, his wife Lois Lane of Earth-Two, the Superboy of Earth-Prime and Alexander Luthor, Jr. of Earth-Three, have no reality to call their own, and they enter a "paradise dimension" at the end of the series. Kal-L isn't seen again until the limited series The Kingdom, in which it is revealed that he has found a means of exiting his dimension, but chooses not to do so yet.
DC Comics retired the Silver Age version of Superman in 1986, after the publication of Crisis on Infinite Earths. Just before the character's revamp, the Silver Age Superman was given a sendoff in the two-part story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? published in Superman (Vol. 1) #423 and Action Comics #583, written by Alan Moore with art by Curt Swan. Although the new Modern Age version of Superman is said to have already been active for many years, most previous Superman appearances and elements were rendered out of continuity by John Byrne's The Man of Steel. Later stories such as Superman: Birthright bring many of the Silver Age elements back into continuity.
In Byrne's version, Superman came from the planet Krypton which was re-imagined as a cold, sterile world in deep contrast to the wonderworld of the past 48 years. Once Kal-El's rocketship (containing genetic materials and a birthing-matrix which resulted in him being "born" on Earth) reached Earth he was adopted by Martha and Jonathan Kent. Instead of bringing him to an orphanage only to adopt him later, the Kents pretended that he was their own son. In the new version, Clark's powers developed gradually and he never assumed the identity of Superboy, and unlike most pre-existing versions, Ma and Pa Kent survived throughout Clark's adult years and remain important supporting characters in the comics to this day.
Also, Superman's powers were scaled down, removing several of his more fantastic abilities in an attempt to make the stories more exciting. Superman's strength and speed were still immense, but there was a feeling of limits to them. In Metropolis, he faced a revised rogues gallery, including a new version of Lex Luthor who was recreated as an evil billionaire and philanthropist.
Due perhaps to the elder Kents surviving into Clark's adulthood, another Byrne change was the relationship between Superman and his "normal" alter-ego. In line with the majority of superheroes Byrne put the emphasis on Superman being a disguise for Clark Kent. Previously the theme had been that Kent was a "secret identity" for Superman: in an adventure published in the 1960s, Kent finds himself at a loose end when staff at the Daily Planet go on strike and seriously considers it a chance to try out a new identity in case he has "to abandon [his] Clark Kent role permanently". His options include becoming a full-time policeman or even a mere tramp "whom no one would ever suspect of being the Man of Steel."[4]
There was also his relationships with other heroes, most notably Batman. From the 1940s to the 1970s, they had always been depicted as close friends and allies: the "World's Finest". From the 1980s, however, it was depicted it as an edgy and uneasy one: grudging respect and uneasy friendship due to their vast differences. After their first, tension-filled meeting, Batman considers that in "another reality" he and Superman may have been friends.[5]
Byrne quit the books a few years later, though his changes became the template for Superman's origin and characterization for almost two decades, most notably, his alterations to Lex Luthor, altering him from a mad scientist to a businessman, and having Ma and Pa Kent kept alive as supporting characters. One of the most notable revisions was the elimination of the Superboy persona from Superman's life, though a new live action television series starring Superboy premiered in 1988. Despite its following, the series has not been seen in North America and most of Europe since 1992, but its first season was released on DVD in 2006. A subsequent live action television show, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, focused on the relationship between Lois Lane and Clark Kent.
Superman exiles himself to space for a number of issues after he is forced to execute some Kryptonian criminals from a different dimension.[6] The repercussions of Superman's use of lethal force have been dealt with in several stories by subsequent writers. Clark Kent proposes to Lois Lane and reveals his secret identity; Lane accepts.[7]
Art from Superman #75 (January 1993), where Superman dies in Lois Lane's arms. Pencils by Dan Jurgens.
In 1992, DC Comics published the storyline The Death of Superman, in which Superman battles a monster of then-unknown origins called Doomsday. Both Superman and Doomsday are killed, taking each other down with their final blows. Funeral for a Friend follows The Death of Superman, chronicling Superman's funeral and examines other characters' reactions to the death of the hero.
Next, DC published the Reign of the Supermen storyline, during which four different characters — a new Superboy, the cyborg Man of Tomorrow, the brutal Last Son of Krypton and Steel — are introduced as Superman, although none of them actually are. A de-powered Kal-El later surfaces in a Kryptonian battle-suit near the end of Reign of the Supermen. After Steel and Supergirl destroy the battle-suit, Kal-El is revealed as the pilot, wearing a black costume with a silver 'S' shield and long hair. The cyborg allies with Mongul and destroys Coast City. Superman, Superboy, Supergirl, Steel, Hal Jordan and the Eradicator attack the "Engine City" built on top of Coast City, and the united Supermen defeat the Man of Tomorrow, who is exposed as scientist Hank Henshaw. After the Reign of the Supermen storyline, Lois and Clark are reunited. When they eventually marry in the 1996 special Superman: The Wedding Album, it coincided with the marriage of the two characters in the television series Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.
The real hero returned; however, the story's aftermath lead to fellow superhero Green Lantern losing his mind and becoming a villain called Parallax. This led to the 1994 limited series Zero Hour which was a sequel-of-sorts to Crisis on Infinite Earths. For a few months after his return from the grave, Superman sported shoulder-length hair, and thus Clark Kent wore a ponytail. Exactly how he was able to grow his hair was never explained.
In 1996, Superman (or rather, Clark Kent) finally married Lois Lane, and while they have had their ups and downs as a couple are happily married. That same year, Superman returned to animation in the animated series Superman which was produced by Bruce Timm and Paul Dini of Batman: The Animated Series fame. The series combined elements of both the Pre-and-Post-Crisis versions of the character and featured an all-star cast including Tim Daly as Superman, Dana Delany as Lois Lane, and Clancy Brown as Lex Luthor.
Amidst much controversy, in the Superman comics of the late 1990s, Superman loses his traditional powers and transforms into a being of electromagnetic energy(see Superman Red/Superman Blue). In this form, Superman can phase through solid objects, see frequencies of energy, and draw power from electrical sources. In order to maintain physical cohesion in this form, he needs to wear a containment suit. During this time, he is able to transform into the corporeal form of Clark Kent but has no special powers in his human guise.
In 2004, DC published an updated version of Superman's origin in the 12-issue limited series Birthright. Written by Mark Waid, Birthright restores some of the pre-Crisis elements eliminated by John Byrne, including an emphasis on alien heritage. The "birthing matrix" is replaced by the more well-known rocketship, with Kal-El leaving Krypton as an infant rather than a fetus. Clark now possesses the ability to see a living being's "aura", and becomes a vegetarian. His 'S' shield is a symbol of hope from his homeworld, and his costume is made from fabrics put in his spaceship during his journey. Lex Luthor is also now a childhood friend in this version. However, due to the Infinite Crisis effects, this origin is no longer valid.
Kal-L fighting Kal-El, in art from the cover to Infinite Crisis #5 (2006). Art by George Pérez.
In the 2005-2006 Infinite Crisis limited series (the sequel to Crisis on Infinite Earths), the Earth-Two Superman (Kal-L) escapes from the "paradise" dimension with Alexander Luthor, Jr. and Superboy-Prime. Kal-L wants to recreate the universe, which he believes is corrupt, making aspects of Earth-Two predominant, rather than those of Earth-One. He believes this will also save the dying Lois Lane of Earth-Two. Alexander Luthor builds a machine which re-creates Earth-Two, transporting Kal-L and Lois there where Lois revives briefly before collapsing and dying. In grief, Kal-L lashes out at the Earth-One Superman, and the two fight until Wonder Woman arrives and ends their battle.
The two Supermen team up to confront Luthor and Superboy-Prime, whose plan to restore the Multiverse will kill billions of people. The pair willingly deplete their powers as they drag Superboy-Prime into Rao, Krypton's red sun, and use the last of their strength to defeat him on Mogo, the sentient Green Lantern planet. Fatally wounded in the battle, Kal-L dies in his cousin Power Girl's arms. He and Lois are buried next to the deceased Superboy.
Infinite Crisis Secret Files & Origins 2006 shows that Superboy-Prime is to blame for many continuity errors in the DC Universe. In his attempt to escape reality, his assault on the barrier wall of the paradise dimension alters history, causing revisions of events to occur, especially the Birthright origin. Alexander Luthor, Jr.'s attempts to manipulate the Multiverse result in New Earth, affecting Superman's history further. During the publication of the Infinite Crisis limited series, the majority of DC Comics' superhero line advanced one year. One year later, Superman remains powerless, and Supergirl defends Metropolis. Unburdened by his responsibility to the world, Clark Kent has re-solidified his reputation as a star reporter. Although he manages to weasel his way out of prison, Lex Luthor's reputation is damaged irreparably, partially due to Clark's writing, and his fortune and power over LexCorp, now run by Lana Lang. Under attack, Clark's powers gradually return, and he returns to action. He finds that his sensory powers are enhanced, as are his computational abilities and memory.
The Post Modern Age[edit]
Birthright[edit]
Main article: Superman: Birthright
In 2003, DC Comics released a 12-issue limited series entitled Superman: Birthright, written by Mark Waid and penciled by Leinil Francis Yu; this series was a retcon of Superman's post-Crisis origin, replacing Byrne's version, yet using some elements from that version; it also reintroduced various pre-Crisis elements discarded in Byrne's revamp, along with elements that subtly tie into the Smallville television show.[citation needed] Due to the effects of Infinite Crisis, both Birthright and Man of Steel were removed from canon.
New Earth[edit]
Action Comics #850 (2007) presents the latest revision of Superman's origin, since the history of the DC Universe was reset in Infinite Crisis. The new timeline is indicated to revise the complicated web of origins in a panel which shows a progression of four to five successive versions of Superman that are viewed by Kara Zor-El, clearly aping the art styles of Joe Shuster, Curt Swan, John Byrne, Dan Jurgens and Leinil Francis Yu.
Written collaboratively by Kurt Busiek, Fabian Nicieza and Geoff Johns, the new version includes details such as Krypto's presence on Krypton, Jor-El's frustrations with the Council of Krypton refusing to evacuate the planet, Clark's awareness of his adopted status from a young age, having interacted with Lex Luthor at a younger age, Clark not being the direct cause of Lex's baldness, his wearing glasses as far back as his early teens in Smallville, and using his powers to help others at a younger age. The new version also supports the portrayal and aesthetic design of Jor-El, now similar to Marlon Brando's portrayal of the role, and Krypton, as featured in the ongoing Richard Donner co-authored arcs of Action Comics (essentially rendering Krypton closer in style to his and Bryan Singer's shared film continuity), as well as the fitting in with the discovery in The Lightning Saga that Clark was a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes during his adolescence and still retains possession of a Legion flight ring.[8] Superman is established as a founding member of the Justice League in Justice League of America (vol. 2) #0.
Ongoing titles[edit]
All-Star Superman, launched in 2005, is a limited series under DC's All-Star imprint, written by Grant Morrison and drawn by Frank Quitely. DC claims that this series will "strip down the Man of Steel to his timeless, essential elements". However, the version presented is clearly almost wholly based on the Pre-Crisis Silver Age version of the character, and Morrison has stated this, claiming it to be the Superman that still exists despite being retconned twenty years earlier. The All-Star imprint attempts to retell some of the history of DC's iconic characters, but outside of the strict DC universe continuity.
Following the events of Infinite Crisis and the "Up Up and Away!" storyline, the two major Superman titles have followed two major story arcs. Action Comics deals with Superman and wife Lois adopting a Kryptonian child who is revealed to be the child of General Zod. After resolving this arc, Superman has dealt with the return of one of his most dangerous villains, Brainiac which resulted in the arrival of thousands of Kryptonians on Earth and sadly the death of his adoptive father. In New Krypton, the Kryptonians create a new planet, New Krypton, and raise it opposite Earth's place in the solar system. In Superman: World of New Krypton, Superman decides to leave Earth to live among the Kryptonians, hoping to establish peace between humanity and the Kryptonians. The events Last Stand of New Krypton and War of the Supermen devastate New Krypton and cause Superman to battle General Zod. He returns Zod to the Phantom Zone and returns to Earth. In the current Superman: Grounded, Superman walks across the United States of America with the goal of reconnecting with the everyday people he is committed to protect. In the Reign of Doomsday storyline, Superman and his closest allies must defeat the Doomslayer, a mysterious being that seeks to destroy Doomsday and all life on Earth.
The New 52[edit]
Superman, reinterpreted following the events of The New 52. Art by George Pérez.
In 2011, DC Comics rebooted its continuity and relaunch its publications with new #1 issue. Changes to Superman includes making him a single man and the deaths of his parents, Jonathan and Martha Kent, which occurred years prior.[9] Superman also wears a ceremonial battle armor that pays tribute to his Kryptonian legacy. The new armor is visually similar to his classic outfit, with the only difference is the lack of the traditional red briefs. In addition, real-life astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson assisted DC Comics in determining that Krypton orbited the red dwarf LHS 2520 in the constellation Corvus 27.1 lightyears from Earth.[10][11][12][13]
Action Comics was originally set five years in the past and details Superman's early adventures as the protector of Metropolis for the first 18 issues and the first annual issue. In this title, Superman wears a shirt with the S symbol, a smaller cape, a pair of jeans and worker boots. A rationale is given later in the title for the acquisition of the battle armor, after which Superman abandons the shirt, focusing into his personal growth as the later, mature Superman.[14] Issues 19-21 focused on a three-part storyline that took place one year before the present and afterwards the series focused on Superman's adventures in the present alongside the main Superman title.
Superman is set in the character's present years and details his current adventures. In this title Clark quits working for the Daily Planet and becomes an independent blogger.[15]
This version of Superman also began a relationship with Wonder Woman, a move which attracted media attention due to Superman's long-standing relationship with Lois Lane in all previous incarnations of the character, with the exception of non-canon stories, which took place in DC's Elseworlds imprint. Superman is also depicted as a founding member of the Justice League. DC released Superman/Wonder Woman comic series in 2013, which focus on them as a couple.[16][17] Geoff Johns revealed that Superman and Wonder Woman's relationship will end badly. Later on during the Truth storyline, Superman ended the relationship out of frustration with the loss of his powers and doubts about the two's compatibility.[18] A third Superman book, Superman Unchained, was released in June 2013 to coincide with the release of the new Superman movie, Man of Steel. It is written by Scott Snyder and drawn by Jim Lee. The book concluded publication in November 2014. In February 2015, due to Clark exposing to the world his secret identity, Superman will receive a new power and a new outfit, starting in Superman #38, by Geoff Johns and John Romita, Jr.[19] This version of Superman is eventually killed in Superman #52.
Convergence[edit]
In the miniseries Convergence, which featured the pre-Flashpoint Superman and Lois Lane, with the couple expecting a baby.[20][21][22][23] Convergence also shows the birth of their son, Jonathan Samuel Kent.[24] Following the events, in the mini-series Superman: Lois & Clark, they would settled in The New 52 reality, under the alias of Clark and Lois White, and witness the events revolving the alternate versions of themselves and the former's enemies.[25] They would later appear as part of the final issues for the New 52 Action Comics and Superman series, where in the end the New 52 Superman would pass the torch to his predecessor just before he died.
DC Rebirth[edit]
Superman, as depicted following the events of DC Rebirth. Artwork for the cover of Superman: Rebirth 1 (June, 2016 DC Comics). Art by Andy Park.
In June 2016, DC Comics relaunched its entire line of comic books series with DC Rebirth including both the Action Comics and Superman series. The Superman of the "New 52" reality lives with his wife Lois Lane of his reality and their biological son Jonathan Kent. This Superman wears a costume similar in style to the Superman outfit in the film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016).[26][27]
The story arc Superman Reborn smooths over the discrepancies between the two versions of the character. According to Mr. Mxyzptlk, the creation of the New 52 caused Superman to be separated into two people: the New 52 character that served as the protagonist of the Superman books in 2011-2015 and the pre-Flashpoint character that took part in the Convergence event and sired Jon. Thanks to Jon, the new Superboy, the two Supermen merge into one complete version of Superman, rearraging their shared histories and accommodating them into the restored DC Universe. This complete Superman features a new suit that combines elements from the two eras.[28][29] To celebrate the release of Issue 1,000 for Action Comics which was released on April 18, 2018, Superman was returned to his original Pre-New 52 costume.[30].
See also[edit]
Golden Age of Comic Books
Comics portal
Fictional characters portal
Superhero fiction portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Superman Born in Cleveland Ohio". Positivelycleveland.com. 2009-01-04. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
Jump up ^ Mietkewicz, Henry. "Great Krypton! Superman was the Star's Ace Reporter", The Toronto Star, April 26, 1992.
Jump up ^ Narrator Bill Kennedy (actor) intoned at the start of each program: "Faster than a speeding bullet. More powerful than a locomotive. Able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. Look! Up in the sky. It's a bird. It's a plane. It's Superman! Yes, it's Superman — strange visitor from another planet who came to Earth with powers and abilities far beyond those of mortal men. Superman — who can change the course of mighty rivers, bend steel with his bare hands, and who, disguised as Clark Kent, mild-mannered reporter for a great metropolitan newspaper, fights a never-ending battle for Truth, Justice, and the American Way."
Jump up ^ illustration included in the Penguin Book of Comics by George Perry and Alan Aldridge, published in 1967.
Jump up ^ Man of Steel miniseries #3, August 1986
Jump up ^ Superman vol. 2 #22
Jump up ^ Superman (vol. 2) #50 (1990)
Jump up ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Pasarin, Fernando (a). "The Lightning Saga Chapter Two" Justice Society of America v3, 5 (June 2007), DC Comics
Jump up ^ Morrison, Grant (w). Action Comics v2, 17 (December 2012), DC Comics
Jump up ^ Wall, Mike (November 7, 2012). "Superman's Home Planet Krypton 'Found'". Scientific American
Jump up ^ Potter, Ned (November 5, 2012). "Superman Home: Planet Krypton 'Found' in Sky". ABC News.
Jump up ^ Gregorian, Dareh (November 5, 2012). "NYER is ‘super’ smart". New York Post.
Jump up ^ Henderson, David (November 5, 2012). "Neil deGrasse Tyson Consults On "Action Comics" #14, Finds Krypton In Real Life" Archived 2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine.. Multiversity Comics.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Grant (w). Action Comics v2, 7 (March 2012), DC Comics
Jump up ^ Lobdell, Scott (w). Superman v3, 13 (October 2012), DC Comics
Jump up ^ Charles Soule And Tony Daniel Discuss Superman and Wonder Woman Comic
Jump up ^ Soule and Daniel Join Forces for Superman-Wonder Woman
Jump up ^ Geoff Johns And Jeff Lemire Talk Too Many Justice Leagues
Jump up ^ Truitt, Brian. "New power, fresh look for Man of Steel in 'Superman'". www.usatoday.com. USA Today. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "DC's Band-Aid Event? It's Not Blood Moon. It's Called Convergence". Bleeding Cool. October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New villain, old tales part of DC's 'Convergence'". USA Today. November 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "FIRST LOOK: The Complete Convergence". DC Comics. November 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "DC's CONVERGENCE Week One: Donna Troy, Oracle, Married Superman, Montoya Question, More". Newsarama.com. November 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jurgens, Dan (w). Convergence: Superman 2 (May 2015), DC Comics
Jump up ^ Yehl, Joshua (July 10, 2015). "Comic-Con: Lois and Clark Return For New Superman comic - With Their Son!". IGN. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Whitbrook, James (March 30, 2016). "What Is The Deal With Superman In DC Comics' Rebirth?". Kotaku. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Vaneta (May 27, 2016). "REBIRTH SUPERMAN's New Status Quo - Being a SUPER-DAD". Newsarama. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Tomasi, Peter, Gleason, Patrick (w). Superman v4, 18-19 (March 2017), DC Comics
Jump up ^ Jurgens, Dan (w). Action Comics 975-976 (March 2017), DC Comics
Jump up ^ SUPERMAN's Red Trunks Are Back For ACTION COMICS #1000
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