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Legal drinking age
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Minimum legal age to purchase alcohol by country:
Illegal regardless of age
Minimum age is 25
Minimum age is 21
Minimum age is 20
Minimum age is 19
Minimum age is 18
Minimum age is 17
Minimum age is 16
No regulation/no age set
The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume or purchase alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary among different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places, with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks.[1]
Some Islamic nations prohibit Muslims, or both Muslims and non-Muslims, from drinking alcohol at any age. In other countries, it is not illegal for minors to drink alcohol, but the alcohol can be seized without compensation. In some cases, it is illegal to sell or give alcohol to minors. The following list indicates the age of the person for whom it is legal to consume and purchase alcohol.
Kazakhstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, India (certain states), the United States (except U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico), Yemen (Aden and Sana'a), Japan, Iceland, Canada (certain Provinces and Territories), and South Korea have the highest set drinking ages, however some of these countries do not have off-premises drinking limits. Austria, Belgium, Burundi, Denmark, Germany, Georgia, Luxembourg, Moldova and Western Sahara have the lowest set drinking ages.
Contents
[hide]
1 Africa
2 Americas
3 Asia
4 Europe
5 Oceania
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Africa[edit]
Country/region
De jure
Notes
Drinking Age
Purchase age
Algeria 18[2]
Angola 18[citation needed]
Botswana 18[2]
Burundi 16[2] No limit if accompanied by parents[citation needed]
Cameroon 18 21 18 on the premises, 21 off the premises[citation needed]
Cape Verde 18[citation needed]
Central African Republic 18[citation needed]
Comoros None[citation needed]
Egypt 21[2]
Equatorial Guinea 18[citation needed]
Eritrea 18[2]
Ethiopia 18[2]
Gabon 18[2]
Gambia 18[2]
Ghana 18[3]
Guinea-Bissau None[2]
Kenya 18[2]
Lesotho 18[2]
Libya Illegal[2]
Malawi 18[2]
Mauritius 18[2]
Morocco 16[citation needed]
Mozambique 18[2]
Namibia 18[2]
Niger 18[2]
Nigeria 18[citation needed]
Republic of the Congo 18[citation needed]
Rwanda 18[2]
Senegal 18[citation needed]
Seychelles 18[2]
Somalia Illegal[4]
South Africa 18 The parent, adult guardian of a minor or a person responsible for administering a religious sacrament, may on occasion supply to that minor a moderate quantity of liquor to be consumed by the minor in the presence and under the supervision of that parent, guardian or other person.[5]
South Sudan 18[6]
Sudan Illegal[7]
Swaziland 18[2]
Tanzania 18[8]
Togo None[2]
Tunisia 18[citation needed]
Uganda 18[2]
Western Sahara 16[citation needed]
Zambia 18[2]
Zimbabwe 18[2]
Americas[edit]
Country/region
De jure
Notes
Drinking age
Purchase age
Anguilla 16[citation needed]
Antigua and Barbuda 16[9] The sale and distribution of alcohol to a person under 16 years of age is illegal.
Argentina 18[10]
Bahamas 18[2]
Barbados 18[11] Those aged 10–17 are allowed to consume alcohol provided they are with a parent or guardian.
Belize 18[12] Drinking age is rarely enforced. IDs are almost never requested.
Bermuda 18[13]
Bolivia 18[2]
Brazil 18[2]
British Virgin Islands 16[12] It is illegal to sell or to supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 16.
Canada 18[14][15][16] In Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec, the legal drinking age is 18.
19[14][15][16] In Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, the legal drinking age is 19.
Cayman Islands 18[17]
Chile 18[2] The minimum age is 18 to enter an enclosure that sells alcoholic beverages. Selling alcohol to a minor may incur a fine. One must provide identification upon request. Residents of Chile over the age of 18 must carry their Chilean identification card issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service at all times.[18]
Colombia 18[2]
Costa Rica 18[2]
Cuba 16[2]
Dominican Republic 18[19]
Ecuador 18[2]
El Salvador 18[2]
Falkland Islands 18[citation needed]
Grenada 16[citation needed]
Guatemala 18[2]
Guyana 18[2] Except 16 for wine or malt liquor to be consumed with a meal
Haiti None[2]
Honduras 18[2]
Jamaica None[citation needed] 18[citation needed] Minors can drink if accompanied by parent or legal guardian as well as someone with permission from their parent or legal guardian.[citation needed]
Mexico 18[2] A person must be eighteen years or over to legally purchase and consume alcoholic beverages in Mexico. The drinking age however isn't strictly enforced, and IDs are barely requested.[citation needed]
Nicaragua 18[2]
Panama 18[2]
Paraguay 20[20]
According to Art. 1° of the law to "ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors", it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol or to allow the consumption by minors under 20 years of age.
Furthermore, under Art 2° all public establishments selling alcohol must display a clearly legible notice in the sales area with the following text: "ESTA PROHIBIDA LA VENTA DE BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS A MENORES DE VEINTE AÑOS DE EDAD" (It is illegal (prohibited) to sell alcoholic beverages to minors under 20 years of age)
Peru 18[2]
Puerto Rico 18
Trinidad and Tobago 18[2]
Turks and Caicos Islands 18[citation needed]
United States
(50 states and integral territories) Varies by jurisdiction[2] 21[2] The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is that food is served only in the latter). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, 15 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 17 states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining 18 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws.
Federal law explicitly provides for religious exceptions. As of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for those under the age of 21.[21]
By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by adults 18 to 20 years of age, but a circuit court judge has said otherwise.[22]
The states of Washington and Wisconsin allows the consumption of alcohol in the presence of parents.
Some U.S. states have legislation that make providing to and possession of alcohol by persons under twenty-one a gross misdemeanor with a potential penalty of a $5,000 fine or up to year in jail.[23]
See also: Minor in Possession and List of alcohol laws of the United States
United States Virgin Islands 18[24]
Uruguay 18[2]
Venezuela 18[2]
Asia[edit]
Country/region
De jure
Notes
Drinking age
Purchase age
Afghanistan Illegal[25]
Bangladesh Illegal for Muslims[26] Alcohol will be sold to foreigners in certain locations, albeit clandestinely.[citation needed]
Bhutan 18[27]
Brunei 17 with restrictions, unless Muslim[2] Non-Muslims over 17 years of age are allowed to import alcohol not to exceed maximum total volume 2 liters of liquor and 12 cans of beer at 330 ml for personal use, once in 48 hours. This alcohol must be “stored and consumed at the place of residence of the importer” and is “not to be given, transferred or sold to another person.”.[2]
Cambodia None[28]
China 18[2] Introduced in January 2006.[29]
Hong Kong 18[30] The regulation is only applicable to restaurants, bars and clubs, where a liquor license is required. Private drinking is also not regulated.[citation needed]
India 18–25 depending on state[2]
Main article: Alcohol laws of India
Consumption of alcohol is illegal in the states of Bihar, Gujarat and Nagaland.[31]
Indonesia 21[32]
Iran Illegal [2] There is a ban on alcohol, but religious minorities may purchase small amounts from shops owned by the same religious minority.[33]
Iraq 18[34]
Israel None 18[2] Israel law prohibits selling or serving alcohol to minors, but it does not prohibit minors to drink, although the police may confiscate alcoholic drinks consumed by minors in public.[citation needed]
Japan 20[2]
Jordan 18[35]
Kazakhstan 21[36]
Kuwait Illegal[37]
Kyrgyzstan 18[2]
Lebanon 18[2] Often unenforced and according to a global school health study, 40% of minors over 13 drink alcohol and up to 25% buy it from stores.[38]
Macau None[citation needed]
Malaysia 21 Increased to 21 from 18 on 1 December 2017[39]
Maldives Illegal except for tourists, 18[citation needed] Sale of alcohol is limited to tourist resorts. It is illegal to sell alcohol to local Maldivians[40]
Mongolia 18[41]
Myanmar None 18[42]
Nepal 18 The legal age for consumption of alcohol in Nepal is 18. However, there are exceptions to underage consumption for purposes of religious ceremonies.[citation needed]
North Korea 18[43]
Oman 21 Residents need personal liquor licenses to consume alcohol in their private residences.[44]
Pakistan Illegal [2] Non-Muslim citizens may possess alcohol to be used in accordance with religious ceremonies[2]
Palestinian Authority 16[citation needed] Legal in most cities.[citation needed]
Philippines 18[45]
Qatar 19[citation needed] Muslims are allowed to purchase alcohol, but generally not allowed to consume. Non Muslims are allowed to purchase, and consume alcohol. The only legal distributor of alcohol in the country is the Qatar Distribution Company located in Doha.[citation needed]
Saudi Arabia Illegal Drinking or possessing alcohol is illegal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Persons who drink or possess alcohol are subject to arrest and trial. Punishments range from heavy fines, lengthy prison terms and whippings.[citation needed]
Singapore None (Private places, sometimes with permission from parents/guardian)
18 (Public places e.g. bars and restaurants) 18[2]
Main Legislation
For convenience stores, those who pretend to be 18 years and above in a "Challenge 18" scheme will be downgraded to "Challenge 21" scheme, and after which the licences will be revoked once they pretend to be 18 years and above if it is on "Challenge 21".[citation needed]
It is illegal to purchase alcohol in Singapore or consume in a nightclub/allow entry to the nightclub under 18. Home and private drinking of alcohol is allowed, although the safest age could be 6. Parents can try a sip of alcohol at any age.[citation needed]
South Korea None 19[46] The age limit for alcohol is after January 1 of the year one's age turns to 19.[47]
Sri Lanka 21[2]
Syria 18[citation needed]
Taiwan 18[48]
It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol.[49]
Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking,[50] or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious.[51]
One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 18.[52] A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 New Taiwan Dollars.[53]
Tajikistan 18[2]
Thailand 20[54] The Alcoholic Beverage Control Act of 2008 increased the drinking age in Thailand from 18 to 20, private drinking is not regulated in private locations.[54][55]
Turkmenistan 18[2]
United Arab Emirates 18–21 (varies between states).[56] Expatriate non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages, but it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.[57]
The legal age for drinking alcohol is 18 in Abu Dhabi (although a Ministry of Tourism by-law allows hotels to serve alcohol only to those over 21), and 21 in Dubai and the Northern Emirates (except Sharjah, where drinking alcohol is illegal).[56]
It is a punishable offence to drink, or to be under the influence of alcohol, in public.[56]
Uzbekistan None 20[2]
Vietnam None 18[58][unreliable source?]
Yemen Illegal[citation needed] Exception is in Aden Region where it's legal for 21 and up[citation needed]
Europe[edit]
Country/region
De jure
Notes
Drinking age
Purchase age
Albania 18[2]
Armenia None 18 There are no laws mandating alcohol vendors to ID potential underage drinkers. ID checks are very rarely, if ever, carried out.[citation needed]
Austria 16 Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vienna[59]
16 for beer and wine
18 for distilled beverages Carinthia, Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol and Vorarlberg[59]
Carinthia also requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%.
Azerbaijan 18[2]
Belarus 18[2]
Belgium 16 for beer and wine
18 for spirits[60] Since 10 January 2010, it is illegal to "sell, serve, or offer" any form of distilled alcohol to those under the age of 18 or any alcoholic drink to those under 16. So fermented drinks like beer or wine are permitted above 16.[60] Previously, it was illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to under-16s, but accompanying adults could buy drinks for them.
Bosnia and Herzegovina None 18[61]
Bulgaria 18[2]
Croatia 18[2]
Cyprus 17[62]
Czech Republic None 18[63] It is illegal to provide alcohol to minors[64] (punishable by fine or up to 1[65] or 2[66] year(s) imprisonment). Consumption itself is not prohibited by law.[67]
Denmark None 16 to buy alcohol <16.5% ABV
18 to buy alcohol ≥16.5% ABV
18 to be served in restaurants, bars, discos etc.[2] While there is no age requirement for drinking alcohol in Denmark, there are laws that prevent minors from buying alcohol:
In order to buy alcohol above 1.2% and below 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 16 years of age.
In order to buy alcohol above 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 18 years of age.[68]
To be served alcoholic drinks in bars, discos, clubs, restaurants and any establishment serving alcoholic beverages one must be 18 years of age.
By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation.[69] If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is subject to fine. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification.[70] This card is rarely used though since a passport or drivers license is more commonly used.[71]
Both the legal drinking and purchasing age in the Faroe Islands is 18.[citation needed]
Estonia 18[72]
Finland 18 for possession and purchase of 1.2–22% ABV
20 for possession and purchase of 23–80% ABV
18 for all in bars, clubs and restaurants[73] All major grocery chains have implemented a policy to ask for ID if the customer looks under 30.[74] Stores may refuse to sell alcohol if the customer is accompanied by a minor, or if proxy purchasing is suspected. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is a criminal offence.[73][75]
Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy any alcoholic beverages in their possession. Incidents are reported to the legal guardian and social authorities, who may intervene with child welfare procedures. In addition, those aged 15 or above are subject to a fine.[76]
In private, offering alcohol to a minor is considered a criminal offence if it results in drunkenness and the act can be deemed reprehensible as a whole, considering the minor's age, degree of maturity and other circumstances.[73]
France None 18 France has no explicitly stated consumption age,[77] but selling alcohol to a minor (under 18) is illegal[78] and can be fined 7500 euros.[77] This age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2009.[79][80]
Georgia None 16[citation needed]
Germany None (on private residence)
16 (in public) (14 when accompanied by a custodial person) for beer and wine
18 for spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amount[81]
16 for beer and wine
18 for spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts[81]
See also: Alcohol laws in Germany
Gibraltar None[82] 16/18 It is illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18.
The minimum age to be served in licensed premises is 16 if:[82]
The alcoholic beverage is beer, wine or cider below 15% ABV, or
The alcoholic beverage is served in a bottle, or a pre-packaged container below 5.5% ABV.
Greece None 18[83] In 2008, the consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited for minors in public. However, the law does not apply to private events or private premises.
Hungary 18[2]
Iceland None 20[84] Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence, but supplying them with alcohol is. However, law allows alcohol possessed by a minor to be confiscated.
Ireland None (on private residence with permission from parents or guardians) [85] 18[85] It is illegal for minors to buy alcohol or for a third party to attempt to buy it for minors. It is illegal to purchase alcohol for anybody under the age of consent without permission from their guardians.[86]
Italy None 18[87] In 2012 the then Health Minister Renato Balduzzi proposed to raise the age to 18.[88] Selling alcohol to those under the age of 18 in shops carries a fine between €250 and €1000. Serving alcoholic beverages to those under the age of 16 is a criminal offense and is punished with prison up to one year, if the individual is 16 or 17 it will be treated as an offense that is fined between €250 and €1000 (Legge n. 189/2013).
Kosovo None
Latvia None 18[89]
Liechtenstein 16 for wine, beer and cider
18 for spirits and spirit-based beverages. e.g. alcopops Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people at least 18.[90]
Lithuania 20[91] Minors under the age of 20 are prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages or from having them.
Luxembourg None 16[92]
Macedonia 18 (16 for beer)[93][unreliable source?] Must show an ID card upon request. In certain smaller places, such as family-owned convenience stores and street kiosks, there is little to no enforcement on how old or young somebody purchases alcohol. There is little to no enforcement for drinking privately, but drinking in bars may require an ID.[citation needed]
Malta 17[94] Must provide identification upon request.
Moldova None 16[95] It is illegal to sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 16. There is no consumption age.
Montenegro None 18[citation needed]
Netherlands 18 The legal age for purchasing and consumption of alcoholic beverages was raised from 16 to 18 on 1 January 2014. Alcohol is commonly available upon parental permission. Selling alcoholic beverages to people under 18 is illegal, although giving it away in private is not.[citation needed]
Norway None[96] 18 (<22%)
20 (≥22% ABV)[2] Selling alcohol to or buying alcohol for minors is illegal. Minors are defined as under 18 for beer and wine, under 20 for drinks that contain 22% ABV or more. Minors who buy alcohol are not held criminally responsible; instead, the crime lies with those who sold it or obtained it for them.
Alcohol with more than 60% ABV is generally not sold in Norway, although exceptions may be made by the government for specific products.[97]
Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited, though this is rarely enforced in recreational areas.[98]
Poland None 18[99] Article 15 of The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism[100] clearly states that buyers or persons being served must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. There is no mention of consumption age in this or any other act in Poland. Drinking on streets, town squares, and in parks is illegal regardless of age.
Portugal None[citation needed] 18[101]
Romania None 18[102] According to law 61/1991 updated in 2008, paragraphs 21-25, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to minors.
Russia None 18[103] There is no law or regulation in Russia that prohibits minors from consuming alcohol, but selling alcohol to minors is prohibited by federal and additional regional laws.
Serbia 16[104]
Slovakia 18[105]
Slovenia None 18[106] There is no law regulating the possession and consumption, but it is illegal to sell or offer alcohol of any kind to minors.
Spain 18 Asturias was the last autonomous community in Spain where the drinking age was increased to 18 (previously 16) on 1 May 2015.[107]
Sweden
None
None (less than 2.25% ABV)
18 (bars and restaurants),
18 (2.25%–3.5% ABV in food shops),
20 (Systembolaget shops[108]),
See also: Alcohol in Sweden
Many clubs choose to have higher age limits than 18, commonly 20 or 23. It is legal to drink below 18, but it is illegal to sell, lend or give alcohol to someone under that age and the police can seize alcohol from them, apart from being served alcohol supervised in private "in moderation". It is legal to serve an underage person alcohol in a private place.[109] The reason for lower limit in bars than in Systembolaget shops is that bartenders have a legal responsibility for how drunk a guest gets.
Switzerland None
(See notes) 16 for fermented alcoholic drinks (with less than 15% ABV and natural wines with less than 18% ABV);[110]
18 for spirits [111] Whoever offers or supplies alcoholic beverages to a child under the age of 16 years in an amount which is harmful to one's health is punished with imprisonment up to 3 years or a fine.[112] Whoever sells or supplies spirits to a person under the age of 18 years is punished with a fine up to 10.000 CHF.[113]
18 The canton Ticino prohibits selling and consumption of any type of alcohol by minors under the age of 18. Some shops and supermarkets may not sell alcohol to minors under the age of 18.[114]
Turkey 18[2]
See also: Alcohol laws of Turkey
Ukraine 18[2]
United Kingdom 18 (on licensed premises)[115]
16 (beer, wine or cider with a meal on licensed premises)[115]
5 (not on licensed premises)[116]
None (under medical supervision, or in an emergency)[116] 18[115]
None (liqueur-confectionery)[117] Legislation in England and Wales:
It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages on licensed premises under the age of 18, other than the following two exceptions.[115]
Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal, and accompanied by an adult.[115]
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.[117]
It is illegal to permit minors under the age of 5 to consume alcoholic beverages unless under medical supervision or in an emergency.[116]
Persons over 17 are entitled to their own duty free allowance, which includes alcohol. [118]
18 (in public without a meal or adult supervision)
16 (beer, wine or cider on licensed premises with meal)
5 (on private premises)[119] 18
16 (beer, wine, cider or perry with a meal on licensed premises)
None (liqueur-confectionery)[117] Legislation in Scotland:
It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18.[120]
Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal.[120]
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.[117]
Persons over 17 are entitled to their own duty free allowance, which includes alcohol. [118]
18 Legislation in Northern Ireland:
It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18.[citation needed]
Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 (applies to all of the United Kingdom)
Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 schemes, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21[121] (or optionally 25) even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 (or Challenge 25) notices stating that they will not serve persons who look under 21 (or 25) without ID.
Oceania[edit]
Country/region
De jure
Notes
Drinking age
Purchase age
American Samoa 21[122]
Australia 18[2][123]
Main article: Alcohol laws of Australia
Varies by state. Some states restrict possession and consumption to over 18, all states restrict purchasing to over 18. In some states, minors may consume alcohol in a private residence with parental permission.[124]
Fiji 18[125] The drinking age was 21 from 2006 to 2009 but was lowered to 18 in 2009.[125]
Guam 21[126]
Micronesia, Federated States of 21
New Zealand None 18[127] Minimum age applies for beverages with 1.15% ABV or over; no restrictions on beverages less than 1.15% ABV.[128]
Persons under 18 may drink outside private residences or private functions if accompanied by their parent or legal guardian. Alcohol may be supplied to minors only by, or with express consent from, their parent or legal guardian.[129]
Northern Mariana Islands 21[citation needed]
Palau 21[2]
Papua New Guinea 18[2]
Samoa 21[2]
Solomon Islands 21[2]
Tokelau 18[130]
Tonga 21[2]
Vanuatu 18[2]
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References[edit]
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Kabaddi in India
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kabbadi(Indian game)
Kabaddi in India
At the Asian Games
Country
india
National team(s)
India
Kabaddi, a contact sport that originated in ancient Punjab,India, is one of the most popular sports in India, played mainly among people in villages. India has taken part in four Asian Games in kabaddi, and won gold in all of them. Four forms of kabaddi played in India are Amar, Suranjeevi, huttuttoo, and Gaminee. Amar is generally played in Punjab, Haryana, the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world, mostly by Punjabi sportsmen. Suranjeevi is the most played form of kabaddi in India and the world. This is the form used in international matches generally and played in Asian Games. Huttuttoo was played by men in Maharashtra State.
India won the Kabaddi World Championship in 2007, beating Iran 29-19.[1]
India is also the host to the world's first kabaddi league. The league follows the Formula 1 touring sports format and played across four continents starting from August to December 2014.[2] It is the state game of Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in India where a related game of sadugudu is played, and Maharashtra in India. It is played by the British Army for fun, to keep fit and as an enticement to recruit soldiers from the British Asian community. The game is also played extensively in the small town of Peebles in the Scottish Borders, mainly in the local primary school playground, where it is favoured to more traditional childhood past-times such as 'British bulldogs' and 'Kiss, Cuddle and Torture'. [citation needed]
India won the 2013 Kabaddi World Cup held at Guru Nanak Stadium, Ludhiana (Punjab) India.India also won the Kabaddi World Cup in 2016.
Contents
1 History and development
2 Variation
2.1 Standard style
2.2 Circle style
3 International competitions
3.1 Kabaddi World Cup
3.2 Pro kabaddi league
4 Domestic Competitions
5 Performance By India national team in International competitions
5.1 Men's team
5.1.1 World Cup (Standard Style)
5.1.2 Asian Games
5.1.3 Asian Indoor games
5.1.4 SAF Games
5.2 Women's team
5.2.1 Asian Games
5.2.2 South Asian Games
6 Federations
6.1 India
7 Films about kabaddi
8 See also
9 References
History and development[edit]
People playing Kabaddi at the Veraval beach
Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names. Kabaddi received international exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra. The game was introduced in the Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta in 1938.
In 1950 the All India Kabaddi Federation came into existence and compiled standard rules. The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) was founded in 1973. After formation of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the first men's nationals were held in Tamil Nadu(Madras)(renamed Chennai), while the women's were in AKFI has given new shape to the rules.
The Asian Kabaddi Federation (AKF) was founded under the chairmanship of kabaddi.
In 1979, a return test between Bangladesh and India was held at different places of India including Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Punjab. The Asian Kabaddi Championship was arranged in 1980 and India emerged as champion and Bangladesh runner-up. Bangladesh became runner-up again in 1985 in the Asian Kabaddi Championship held in Jaipur, India. The other teams in the tournament were Nepal, Malaysia and Japan. The game was included for the first time in the Asian Games in Beijing in 1990. India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh took part. India won the gold medal and has also won gold at the following six Asian Games in Hiroshima in 1994, Bangkok in 1998, Busan in 2002, Doha in 2006 and Guangzhou in 2010.
An attempt to popularise kabaddi in Great Britain was carried out by Channel 4, who commissioned a programme dedicated to the sport. The programme, kabaddi in the early 1990s, however, failed to capture viewer attention despite fixtures such as West Bengal Police versus the Punjab. Kabaddi was axed in 1992. Alt-rock band The Cooper Temple Clause formed a kabbadi team in 2001 and were, at one stage, ranked seventh in the British domestic standings.[10] [better source needed]
In the 1998 Asian games held at Bangkok (Thailand), the Indian kabaddi team clinched the gold medal. The chief coach of the team was former kabaddi player and coach Flt. Lt. S P Singh.
[11]
In a major upset, seven-time gold medalist India suffered their first ever loss in 28 years at the 2018 Asian Games to South Korea in the men’s Kabaddi group A game.[1] In the semi-final, Iran sent the seven-time Asiad champions packing with a 27-18 win. India, who took home the bronze for reaching the semi-finals, did not play in the final since the introduction of the Games in the Asiad in 1990 at Beijing.[2]
Variation[edit]
At first this game is designed and played as simulator version for bull sports Jallikattu, raiders are considered as bulls who play against the defenders. So essence of the game is the holding of the raiders by the defenders. Though variations emerged and rules were framed, the game’s principal objective remained unchanged.[citation needed]
Standard style[edit]
The kabaddi court
In the international team version of kabaddi, two teams of seven members each occupy opposite halves of a field of 10 by 13 metres (33 ft × 43 ft) in case of men and 8 by 12 metres (26 ft × 39 ft) in case of women. Each has three supplementary players held in reserve. The game is played with 20 minute halves, with a 5 minute halftime break during which the teams exchange sides. During each raid, a player from the attacking side—known as the "raider"—runs into the opposing team's side of the field and attempts to tag as many of the seven defending players as possible. For a raid to be eligible for points, the raider must cross the baulk line in the defending team's territory, and return to their half of the field without being tackled. Whilst doing so, the raider must also loudly chant the word "kabaddi", confirming to referees that their raid is done on a single breath without exhaling. A 30-second shot clock is also enforced on each raid.
A point is scored for each defender tagged, and a point can also be scored if the raider can step into the area past the territory's bonus line. If the raider is successfully stopped, the opposing team earns a point instead. All players tagged are taken out of the game, but one is "revived" for each point a team scores from a subsequent tag or tackle (bonus points do not revive players). Players who step out of bounds are also out. A raid where no points are scored by the raider is referred to as an "empty raid". By contrast, a play where the raider scores three or more points is referred to as a "super raid". If a team gets all seven players on the opposing team out at once, an "All Out" is scored for two bonus points, and they are automatically revived.
Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League; if a team has two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point on their raid or else they will be out ("do-or-die raid"). Additionally, when a defending team has less than four players left on the field, tackles are worth 2 points ("super tackle").[3][4][5][6]
Circle style[edit]
Circle Kabaddi
Four major forms of kabaddi played in India which are recognised by the amateur federation. In Sanjeevani kabaddi, one player is revived against one player of the opposite team who is out – one out. The game is played over 40 min with a 5 min break between halves. There are seven players on each side and the team that outs all the players on the opponent’s side scores four extra points. In Gaminee style, seven players play on either side and a player put out has to remain out until all his team members are out. The team that is successful in ousting all the players of the opponent’s side secures a point. The game continues until five or seven such points are secured and has no fixed time duration. Amar style resembles the Sanjeevani form in the time frame rule. But, a player who is declared out doesn’t leave the court, but instead stays inside, and the play goes along. For every player of the opposition touched “out”, a team earns a point.[7] Punjabi kabaddi is a variation that is played on a circular pitch of a diameter of 22 metres (72 ft).[8]
International competitions[edit]
Note that all of the following competitions are played in standard style.
Kabaddi World Cup[edit]
Further information: Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The second Kabaddi World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with India winning over Iran in the final round.[citation needed] The Punjab government organised a Circle Style 2010 Kabaddi World Cup from 3 to 12 April 2010. On 12 April 2010 Indian team emerged as the winner after beating Pakistan in the finals. The opening match of the tournament was held in Patiala while the closing ceremony took place in Ludhiana. India won the first edition of the Circle Style Kabaddi World Cup, Beating rival Pakistan in a 58–24 victory. The final of this 10-day tournament was played at Guru Nanak Stadium.[citation needed]
Pro kabaddi league[edit]
Further information: Pro Kabaddi League
Pro kabaddi league was introduced in 2014 in India based on Indian premier league.The first edition of the tournament had begun at 26 July 2014 with eight franchises based at eight different cities in India consisting of players from all over the world.The Jaipur Pink Panthers is owned by Bollywood star Abhishek Bachchan who said he wants to promote kabaddi. The other teams are the U Mumba based at Mumbai, the Bengaluru Bulls, the Delhi Dabbangs, the Puneri Paltans,the Telugu Titans based at Vizag, the Bengal Warriors based at Kolkata and the Patna Pirates based at Patna, Bihar. Among all seasons, Patna Pirates is the most successful team with three times title winner while U Mumba and Jaipur Pink Panthers shares 1-1 title. The organisers have added four new teams in the PKL season 5, 2017: the Haryana Steelers, the Tamil Thalaivas from Tamil Nadu, the Gujarat Fortunegiants, and the UP Yoddha.
The opening match was held at Mumbai where Amitabh Bachchan was found cheering for his son's team. Aishwarya Rai was also present with Abhishek Bachchan.Together with them Bollywood stars Shahrukh Khan, Aamir khan, Sunil Shetty, Sonali Bendre, Farah Khan, Boman Irani and producer Ronnie Screwvala cheering for his team Jaipur Pink Panthers were present at the stadium.
Indian star cricketer Sachin Tendulkar was present with his wife and daughter who said he enjoyed the speed,agility and strength of the players of the sport very much.
Rakesh Kumar the captain of the Indian kabaddi team who has received an Arjuna Award and also the captain of Patna Pirates was also present at the inaugural matches who said it is a pleasure to see kabaddi getting recognition through the tournament.
Rakesh Kumar was the highest bought player in the auction by patna pirates for 12.80 lakhs held before the tournament.
The broadcast rights were won by the star sports network .
Domestic Competitions[edit]
Kabaddi nationals
Federation Cup
Performance By India national team in International competitions[edit]
Men's team[edit]
India national kabaddi team represents India in international kabaddi India national kabaddi team competitions.[9] India won Gold medals Asian Games in 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010.and 2014
World Cup (Standard Style)[edit]
India has won all six Kabaddi world cups played till now. Iran is the three times runner-up of world cups.All the world cups were held in India.[10][11]
Year India's Position Last Match played by India Winner Runner-up
2004
Details Winner India vs.
Iran (Final match)
55 – 27
India
Iran
2007
Details Winner India vs.
Iran (Final match)
29 – 19
India
Iran
2016
Details' Winner India vs.
Iran (Final match)
38-29
India
Iran
Asian Games[edit]
Year
Host
Final
Third place match
Winner
Score
Runner-up
3rd place
Score
4th place
1990
Details
Beijing
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Japan
1994
Details
Hiroshima
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Japan
1998
Details
Bangkok
India No playoffs
Pakistan
Bangladesh No playoffs
Sri Lanka
2002
Details
Busan
India No playoffs
Bangladesh
Pakistan No playoffs
Japan
2006
Details
Doha
India 35–23
Pakistan
Bangladesh 37–26
Iran
2010
Details
Guangzhou
India 37–20
Iran
Pakistan No playoffs
Japan
2014
Details
Incheon
India 27–25
Iran
Pakistan No playoffs
South Korea
2018
Details
Jakarta–Palembang
Iran 26-16
South Korea
Pakistan No playoffs
India
Asian Indoor games[edit]
Year
Host
Final
Third place
Gold
Score
Silver
Bronze
Bronze
2007
Details Macau
India 35–17
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Iran
2009
Details Hanoi
India 57–33
Iran
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
SAF Games[edit]
India is very strong in Kabaddi as these results show. India won 7 gold medals out of a possible 8 until the 2006 SAF games.
Year Winner Runner-up 3rd Place Reference
2010
Details
India
Pakistan Bangladesh
Nepal
2006
Details
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
2004
Details
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
1999
Details
India
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
1995
Details
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan
1993
Details
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
1989
Details
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
1987
Details
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan
1985
Details
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Women's team[edit]
India women's national kabaddi team represents India in international women's kabaddi events.[12]
Asian Games[edit]
Year
Host
Final
Third place
Winner
Score
Runner-up
2010
Details Guangzhou
India 28–14
Thailand
Iran

Bangladesh
South Asian Games[edit]
Year Winner Runner-up 3rd Place Reference
2010
Details
India
Bangladesh
Nepal

Sri Lanka
Federations[edit]
India[edit]
The Kabaddi Federation of India (KFI) was founded in 1950, and it compiled a standard set of rules. The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) was founded in 1973. The AKFI has given new shape to the rules and it has also the rights of modification in the rules. The Asian Kabaddi Federation was founded under the chairmanship of Sharad Pawar.
The Governing body of Kabaddi in Asia is Asian Kabaddi Federation (AKF) headed by Mr. Janardan Singh Gehlot. AKF is affiliated to Olympic Council of Asia. Parent body to regulate the game at international level is International Kabaddi Federation (IKF). India won the world cup in December 2013 by defeating Pakistan in finals at Punjab.In 2016 India had won world cup finals by defeating Iran.
Films about kabaddi[edit]
Okkadu (2003)
Kabaddi Kabaddi (2003)
Ghilli (2004)
Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu (2009)
Bheemli Kabadi Jattu (2010)
Pop culture references In the 1993 movie Little Buddha in which Keanu Reeves plays the Siddhartha Gautama, a game of kabbadi is depicted.
See also[edit]
Kabaddi at the Asian Games
Kho kho
Tag
Kabaddi Cup 2013
Punjabi Kabaddi
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "KABADDI: INDIA SUFFER SHOCK DEFEAT TO KOREA - The Times Of India - Delhi, 2018-08-21". Retrieved 2018-08-22.
Jump up ^ "Asian Games: Kings of kabaddi get rude Iranian lesson - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
Jump up ^ "Rules of Kabaddi". International Kabaddi Federation (IKF). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kabaddi World Cup 2016: A handy guide to the format, rules and how the sport works". Firstpost. 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
Jump up ^ "Kabaddi 101: Raid, defend, revive, repeat". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
Jump up ^ "Everything you need to know about Kabaddi". The Indian Express. 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
Jump up ^ "Kabaddi In India: Origins, success and current pitiable state". Sportskeeda.com. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Kissa 2 Kabaddi da. Sarwan Singh Sangam Publications. ISBN 93-83654-65-1.
Jump up ^ India national kabaddi team
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2011-06-10. | World Cup 2007
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. Retrieved 2011-11-22. | World Cup 2004
Jump up ^ India women's national kabaddi team
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Oak leaf cluster
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the ribbon device representing an award. For the rank insignia, see Major (United States) and Lieutenant colonel (United States).
Oak leaf cluster
Bronze and silver oak leaf clusters
Awarded by the
Department of Defense
Department of the Army
Department of the Air Force
Type
Ribbon device
Awarded for
To denote subsequent decorations and awards.[1]
Status
Currently in use
An oak leaf cluster is a miniature bronze or silver twig of four oak leaves with three acorns on the stem that is authorized by the United States Armed Forces as a ribbon device for a specific set of decorations and awards of the Department of Defense, Department of the Army, and Department of the Air Force to denote subsequent decorations and awards.[2]
The bronze oak leaf cluster represents one additional award, while the silver oak leaf cluster is worn in lieu of five bronze oak leaf clusters.[3]
Contents
1 Criteria and wear
1.1 Examples
2 Decorations and awards
3 Other nations
4 See also
5 References
Criteria and wear[edit]
Oak leaf clusters are worn with the stems of the leaves pointing to the wearer’s right. For medals, 13⁄32-inch (10 mm) oak leaf clusters are worn on the medal's suspension ribbon. If four oak leaf clusters are worn on the suspension ribbon, the fourth is placed above the middle one in the row of three.[3] For service ribbons, 5⁄16-inch (7.9 mm) oak leaf clusters are worn, with no more than four oak leaf clusters being worn side by side.[3][4] If the number of authorized oak leaf clusters exceeds four, a second ribbon is authorized for wear and is worn after the first ribbon.[3] The second ribbon counts as one additional award, after which more leaf clusters may be added to the second ribbon. If future awards reduce the number of oak leaf clusters worn on the first ribbon due to bronze oak leaf clusters being replaced by a silver oak leaf cluster, the second ribbon is removed and the appropriate number of devices is placed on the first ribbon.[3]
Examples[edit]
The following are examples of the first through twenty-first awards of an Army Commendation Medal with the bronze and silver oak leaf clusters:
First award
Second award
Third award
Fourth award
Fifth award
Sixth award
Seventh award
Eighth award
Ninth award
Tenth award
Eleventh award
Twelfth award
Thirteenth award
Fourteenth award
Fifteenth award
Sixteenth award
Seventeenth award
Eighteenth award
Nineteenth award
Twentieth award
Twenty-first award
Decorations and awards[edit]
Oak leaf clusters may be worn on Department of Defense, Department of the Army, and Department of the Air Force decorations and awards presented to members of the seven uniformed services: the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, Public Health Service, and the NOAA Commissioned Corps.
Army personnel[5]
Air Force personnel[6]
Navy, Marines, Coast Guard, PHS, and NOAA personnel[7][8][9][10]
Distinguished Service Cross and Air Force Cross Distinguished Service Cross and Air Force Cross Distinguished Service Cross and Air Force Cross
Defense Distinguished Service Medal Defense Distinguished Service Medal Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal and Air Force Distinguished Service Medal Distinguished Service Medal and Air Force Distinguished Service Medal Distinguished Service Medal and Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star Silver Star
Defense Superior Service Medal Defense Superior Service Medal Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross Distinguished Flying Cross
Soldier's Medal and Airman's Medal Soldier's Medal and Airman's Medal Soldier's Medal and Airman's Medal
Bronze Star Medal Bronze Star Medal
Purple Heart Purple Heart
Defense Meritorious Service Medal Defense Meritorious Service Medal Defense Meritorious Service Medal
Meritorious Service Medal Meritorious Service Medal
Air Medal
Aerial Achievement Medal
Joint Service Commendation Medal Joint Service Commendation Medal Joint Service Commendation Medal
Army and Air Force Commendation Medal Army and Air Force Commendation Medal Army and Air Force Commendation Medal
Joint Service Achievement Medal Joint Service Achievement Medal Joint Service Achievement Medal
Army and Air Force Achievement Medal Army and Air Force Achievement Medal Army and Air Force Achievement Medal
Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal Air Force Good Conduct Medal
Air Force Longevity Service Award
Overseas Service Ribbon (long and short tours)
Presidential Unit Citation Presidential Unit Citation
Joint Meritorious Unit Award Joint Meritorious Unit Award Joint Meritorious Unit Award
Valorous Unit Award Gallant Unit Citation
Meritorious Unit Commendation Meritorious Unit Award
Superior Unit Award Outstanding Unit Award
Organizational Excellence Award
Air Force NCO PME Graduate Ribbon
Air Force Training Ribbon
Except for the Air Medal, unique decorations and awards issued by Department of the Army or Department of the Air Force, and those decorations and awards issued by the Department of Defense, the other uniformed services use 5⁄16 inch stars to indicate subsequent personal decorations only; a gold 5⁄16 inch star is equivalent to a bronze oak leaf cluster, while a silver 5⁄16 inch star is equivalent to a silver oak leaf cluster.[11] While the Air Force uses oak leaf clusters for the Air Medal, since the Vietnam War, the Army has used 3⁄16-inch (4.8 mm) bronze Arabic numerals to denote subsequent awards, in which case the ribbon denotes the first award and numerals starting with the numeral "2" denote additional awards.[12]
Other nations[edit]
In other nations, oak leaf clusters are also used as symbols for various awards and decorations. In Germany, the German oak is the national tree of Germany, thus oak leaves are a prominent symbol on most German military orders. During World War II, the Knight's Cross of the German Iron Cross could be awarded with the additional distinction of oak leaves (mit Eichenlaub). Of the 7,313 awards of the Knight's Cross, only 882 received oak leaves. After World War II, Iron Crosses awarded previously could be worn by the recipient provided the swastika was replaced by oak leaves. The Bundeswehr awards the Cross of Honour for Bravery for extraordinary bravery. The Cross of Honour for Bravery differs from the Badge of Honour by an adornment in the shape of stylized double oak leaves.[13] Furthermore, it was featured on the Pfennig in Germany and since the introduction of the euro in 2001 it is used on the obverse side of the German euro coinage. In earlier times, the Pour le Mérite, the highest military order in the Kingdom of Prussia, could also be awarded with oak leaves. A civil version of the order, for accomplishments in the arts and sciences, still exists in the Federal Republic of Germany.
In Commonwealth countries, a bronze oak leaf signifies a Mention in Despatches, and is worn as a gallantry award in its own right, rather than to signify multiple instances of campaign service. The Commonwealth equivalent of a United States oak leaf cluster is a medal bar worn with a campaign medal.
See also[edit]
Awards and decorations of the United States military
United States military award devices
5/16 inch star
Service star
Campaign star
Battle star
References[edit]
Jump up ^ DoD Awards Manual, 1348.33 V3
Jump up ^ DoD Awards Manual 1348.33, V3, P. 16 (2) bottom, Nov. 23, 2010
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Army Regulation 670-1 Archived 5 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "DoDM 1348.33-V3, November 23, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Army Regulation 600-8-22 Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Air Force Instruction 36-2803
Jump up ^ SECNAVINST 1650.1H
Jump up ^ Coast Guard Commandant Instruction 1650.25D
Jump up ^ "Commissioned Corps Instruction CC26.3.3 Wear of Ribbons and Medals" (PDF). [Commissioned Corps Management Information System website]. United States Public Health Service. 28 August 2008. p. 12. Archived from the original (pdf) on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "NOAA Corps Directives, Chapter 12 PART 6 - Insignia, Medals, and Ribbon Bars" (PDF). [Commissioned Corps Personnel Center]. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
Jump up ^ DoD Awards Manual 1348.33, V3, P. 50 "AM" (P. 51 Table 1, Key 1., 2., 11., 13.), November 23, 2010
Jump up ^ DoD Awards Manual, V3, P. 55&56 (1), (2), November 23, 2010
Jump up ^ "Stiftungserlass des BMVg vom 13. August 2008" (PDF) (in German). Bundeswehr.de. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oak_leaf_cluster&oldid=865887381"
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Bronze oak leaf cluster

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