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The Happytime Murders
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The Happytime Murders
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Brian Henson
Produced by
Brian Henson
Jeff Hayes
Jason Lust
Melissa McCarthy
Ben Falcone
Screenplay by
Todd Berger
Story by
Todd Berger
Dee Austin Robertson
Starring
Melissa McCarthy
Bill Barretta
Maya Rudolph
Joel McHale
Elizabeth Banks
Music by
Christopher Lennertz
Cinematography
Mitchell Amundsen
Edited by
Brian Scott Olds
Production
company
Black Bear Pictures
Henson Alternative
H.Brothers
On the Day Productions
STXfilms
Distributed by
STX Entertainment
Release date
August 24, 2018 (2018-08-24)
Country
United States
Language
English
The Happytime Murders is an upcoming 2018 American action crime mystery comedy thriller film directed by Brian Henson and written by Todd Berger. The film stars Melissa McCarthy, Bill Barretta, Maya Rudolph, Joel McHale, and Elizabeth Banks. It is scheduled to be released by STXfilms on August 24, 2018.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Humans
2.2 Puppeteers
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Box office projection
5 Lawsuit
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In a world where puppets coexist with humans but are reviled by society and considered inferior to humans, puppet private investigator, Phil Philips (Bill Barretta), reunites with his ex-partner Detective Connie Edwards (Melissa McCarthy) to find a serial killer who murdered Phil's brother and is now targeting the cast members of the 1980s television series The Happytime Gang, and Phil's former flame, Jenny (Elizabeth Banks) is next on the list. Now he and his partner are running out of time as they try to solve "The Happytime Murders."
Cast[edit]
Humans[edit]
Melissa McCarthy as Detective Connie Edwards, Phil’s ex-partner.
Elizabeth Banks as Jenny, a burlesque dancer and Phil's "former flame." She was a cast member of The Happytime Gang.
Maya Rudolph as Bubbles, Phil’s secretary.
Joel McHale as Agent Campbell, a stern FBI agent.
Leslie David Baker as Lieutenant Banning, Edwards's superior.
Jimmy O. Yang as Officer Delancey
Ryan Gaul as Officer Milligan
Mitch Silpa as Tommy, a criminal.
Cynthy Wu as Brittenie Marlowe
Puppeteers[edit]
Bill Barretta as Phil Philips, a disgraced ex-cop who is now a private investigator. He was the first puppet to become a cop, but was fired from the force.
Julianne Buescher as Piddles, a puppet with whom Phil has a no-strings attached relationship
Dorien Davies as Sandra, a puppet who asks Phil to investigate a case for her.
Drew Massey as Goofer, an actor on The Happytime Gang who now works as a prostitute. He is addicted to sugar, which is like heroin to puppets.
Massey also performs Vinny, a vulture who works at a porn shop.
Ted Michaels as Ezra, an actor on The Happytime Gang.
Colleen Smith as Cara, an actress on The Happytime Gang.
Victor Yerrid as Larry Philips, Phil's older brother and an actor on The Happytime Gang.
Kevin Clash as Lyle, an actor on The Happytime Gang.
Production[edit]
Concept art depicting Phil, the grizzled central puppet character
Announced in 2008 as being in development at The Jim Henson Company,[1] the film was picked up two years later, by Lionsgate, with a targeted January 2011 start date.[2] At the time, Cameron Diaz had been offered a lead role in the film.[3] Diaz dropped out and Katherine Heigl entered into talks to replace her.[4]
In July 2015, it was announced that STX Entertainment had picked up the film rights to The Happytime Murders (Lionsgate having lost them) and put the film in active development with script revisions by Erich and Jon Hoeber.[5] In April 2016, Jamie Foxx entered negotiations to star in the film.[6] In May 2017, it was revealed that Melissa McCarthy had signed on to star in the film as well as contribute minor, uncredited rewrites of the film's screenplay.[7] This was followed by Maya Rudolph being added in August[7] and in September, Elizabeth Banks,[8] puppeteer Bill Barretta,[9] and Joel McHale[10] all officially joined the cast.
Principal photography on the film began in Los Angeles, California on September 11, 2017.[8]
There are a total of 125 puppets in the film, with 40 specifically created for it.[11] To accommodate the puppeteers, all of the sets were built up, so that the puppeteers could stand on the floor because their optimum way to operate is if they're standing with straight arms. Because the floor of the sets came up in pieces, the human actors had a two-foot margin to stay on their path.[11]
Release[edit]
The Happytime Murders is scheduled to be released by STX Entertainment on August 24, 2018.[12] The film was originally going to be released on August 17, 2018 but was pushed back a week.[13]
The first official red-band trailer was released on May 18, 2018, with select screenings of Deadpool 2.[14][15]
Box office projection[edit]
Early forecasts from Box Office Pro have projected a $18 million opening weekend and a final domestic total of $47M for The Happytime Murders.[16]
Lawsuit[edit]
In May 2018, Sesame Workshop, the organization behind the production of the television series Sesame Street, filed a lawsuit against STX Productions for using their trademark in a film they have no involvement with, including the tagline "No Sesame, all Street." They alleged that associating a children’s program with an adult comedy would smear the earlier’s reputation as well as confuse individuals. In response, STX issued a statement indicating their persistence to keep the marketing for the film unchanged.[17][18] On May 30, 2018, the lawsuit was rejected by the presiding judge for the case, with STX issuing a brief statement soon thereafter:
"We fluffing love Sesame Street and we're obviously very pleased that the ruling reinforced what STX's intention was from the very beginning — to honor the heritage of The Jim Henson Company's previous award-winning creations while drawing a clear distinction between any Muppets or Sesame Street characters and the new world Brian Henson and team created. We believe we accomplished that with the very straightforward NO SESAME, ALL STREET tagline. We look forward to continued happytimes as we prepare to release Happytime Murders this summer."[19]
Some TV spots for the film have since made references to the lawsuit by starting the ads with "From the studio that was sued by Sesame Street..."[20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Happytime Murders - A Muppet Noir – /Film". Slashfilm.com. October 15, 2008. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Graham, Bill. "Lionsgate Picks Up Dark Jim Henson Co. Puppet Film HAPPYTIME MURDERS". Collider. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Graham, Bill (November 9, 2010). "Cameron Diaz Offered Role in Dark Henson Puppet Film THE HAPPYTIME MURDERS". Collider. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam. "Katherine Heigl Up for Film Noir Puppet Comedy THE HAPPYTIME MURDERS; Al Pacino Set as Villain in DESPICABLE ME 2". Collider. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jim Henson's Crime Puppet Movie Finds New Home at STX". The Hollywood Reporter. July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (April 27, 2016). "Jamie Foxx Negotiating To Star In 'The Happytime Murders' At STX". Deadline. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b McNary, Dave (August 23, 2017). "Maya Rudolph to Reunite With Melissa McCarthy in 'Happytime Murders'". Variety. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hipes, Patrick (September 13, 2017). "Elizabeth Banks Joins Gang For 'The Happytime Murders'". Deadline. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Elizabeth Banks Joins STX's Puppet Comedy 'Happytime Murders'". The Hollywood Reporter. September 13, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Joel McHale Joins Melissa McCarthy in Puppet Comedy 'Happytime Murders' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. September 15, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b ‘The Happytime Murders': 25 Things to Know about the Long-Developing R-Rated Puppet Movie
Jump up ^ STX Films Shifts ‘Mile 22’ and ‘The Happytime Murders’ Release Dates
Jump up ^ JD Knapp (July 1, 2017). "STX Sets Dates for 'Molly's Game' and 'Happytime Murders'". Variety. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Happytime Murders Trailer: Melissa McCarthy's Filthy Puppet Noir
Jump up ^ Melissa McCarthy Snorts Ecstasy and Punches Puppets in NSFW ‘The Happytime Murders’ Trailer
Jump up ^ Shawn Robbins (June 29, 2018). ""Long Range Tracking: 'The Happytime Murders' & 'Slender Man'; 'Ant-Man and the Wasp,' 'Equalizer 2,' & 'Skyscraper' Updates"". Box Office Pro. Retrieved July 5, 2018. /
Jump up ^ "'Sesame Street' Creators Sue STX Entertainment Over Marketing for 'The Happytime Murders'". Variety.
Jump up ^ "Sesame Street sues over violent, puppet-based Happytime Murders film". BBC. 26 May 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dominic Patten and Erik Pedersen (May 30, 2018). "'Happytime Murders' Lawsuit: Judge Kicks 'Sesame Street' Bosses' Grouchy Case To The Curb". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 30, 2018. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Happytime Murders from the studio who was sued by Sesame Street over it". seriouslyomg.com. July 31, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Happytime Murders on IMDb
The Happytime Murders at Rotten Tomatoes
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Food pyramid (nutrition)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A food pyramid or diet pyramid is a triangular diagram representing the optimal number of servings to be eaten each day from each of the basic food groups.[1] The first pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974.[2][3][4] The 1992 pyramid introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was called the "Food Guide Pyramid". It was updated in 2005, and then it was replaced by MyPlate in 2011.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 Food pyramid published by the WHO and FAO
3 USDA food pyramid
3.1 History
3.1.1 Vegetables
3.1.2 Grains
3.1.3 Fruits
3.1.4 Oils and sweets
3.1.5 Dairy
3.1.6 Meat and beans
3.2 Controversy
3.3 Alternatives
3.3.1 "MyPlate"
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Origin[edit]
The "Basic Seven" developed by the United States Department of Agriculture
Amid high food prices in 1972, Sweden's National Board of Health and Welfare developed the idea of "basic foods" that were both cheap and nutritious, and "supplemental foods" that added nutrition missing from the basic foods. Anna-Britt Agnsäter, chief of the "test kitchen" for Kooperativa Förbundet (a cooperative Swedish retail chain), held a lecture the next year on how to illustrate these food groups. Attendee Fjalar Clemes suggested a triangle displaying basic foods at the base. Agnsäter developed the idea into the first food pyramid, which was introduced to the public in 1974 in KF's Vi magazine.[2][3][4] The pyramid was divided into basic foods at the base, including milk, cheese, margarine, bread, cereals and potato; a large section of supplemental vegetables and fruit; and an apex of supplemental meat, fish and egg. The pyramid competed with the National Board's "dietary circle," which KF saw as problematic for resembling a cake divided into seven slices, and for not indicating how much of each food should be eaten. While the Board distanced itself from the pyramid, KF continued to promote it, and food pyramids were developed in other Scandinavian countries, as well as West Germany, Japan and Sri Lanka. The United States later developed its first food pyramid in 1992.
Food pyramid published by the WHO and FAO[edit]
The World Health Organization, in conjunction with the Food and Agriculture Organization, published guidelines that can effectively be represented in a food pyramid relating to objectives to prevent obesity, chronic diseases and dental caries based on meta-analysis [7][8] though they represent it as a table rather than a "pyramid". The structure is similar in some respects to the USDA food pyramid, but there are clear distinctions between types of fats, and a more dramatic distinction where carbohydrates are split on the basis of free sugars versus sugars in their natural form. Some food substances are singled out due to the impact on the target issues the "pyramid" is meant to address, while in a later revision, some recommendations are omitted since they follow automatically from other recommendations while other sub-categories are added. The reports quoted here explain that where there is no stated lower limit in the table below, there is no requirement for that nutrient in the diet.
A "simplified" representation of the "Food Pyramid" from the 2002 Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation recommendations
Dietary factor
1989 WHO Study Group recommendations
2002 Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation recommendations
Total fat 15–30% 15–30%
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 0–10% <10%
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 3–7% 6–10%
n-6 PUFAs 5–8%
n-3 PUFAs 1–2%
Trans fatty acids <1%
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) By difference
Total carbohydrate 55–75% 55–75%
Free sugars 0–10% <10%
Complex carbohydrate 50–70% No recommendation
Protein 10–15% 10–15%
Cholesterol 5000000000000000000♠0–300 mg/day < 300 mg/day
Sodium chloride (Sodium) 6997600000000000000♠< 6 g/day < 5 g/day (< 2 g/day)
Fruits and vegetables ≥ 400 g/day ≥ 400 g/day
Pulses, nuts and seeds ≥ 30 g/day (as part of the 400 g of fruit and vegetables)
Total dietary fiber 27–40 g/day From foods
NSP 16–24 g/day From foods
All percentages are percentages of calories, not of weight or volume. To understand why, consider the determination of an amount of "10% free sugar" to include in a day's worth of calories. For the same amount of calories, free sugars take up less volume and weight, being refined and extracted from the competing carbohydrates in their natural form. In a similar manner all the items are in competition for various categories of calories.
The representation as a pyramid is not precise, and involves variations due to the alternative percentages of different elements, but the main sections can be represented.
USDA food pyramid[edit]
History[edit]
Main article: History of USDA nutrition guides
The USDA's original food pyramid from 1992, (OUTDATED)[9]
The USDA's updated food pyramid from 2005, MyPyramid.
The USDA food pyramid was created in 1992 and divided into six horizontal sections containing depictions of foods from each section's food group. It was updated in 2005 with colorful vertical wedges replacing the horizontal sections and renamed MyPyramid. MyPyramid was often displayed with the food images absent, creating a more abstract design. In an effort to restructure food nutrition guidelines, the USDA rolled out its new MyPlate program in June 2011. My Plate is divided into four slightly different sized quadrants, with fruits and vegetables taking up half the space, and grains and protein making up the other half. The vegetables and grains portions are the largest of the four.
A modified food pyramid was proposed in 1999 for adults aged over 70.[10][11]
Vegetables[edit]
A vegetable is a part of a plant consumed by humans that is generally savory but is not sweet. A vegetable is not considered a grain, fruit, nut, spice, or herb. For example, the stem, root, flower, etc., may be eaten as vegetables. Vegetables contain many vitamins and minerals; however, different vegetables contain different spreads, so it is important to eat a wide variety of types. For example, green vegetables typically contain vitamin A, dark orange and dark green vegetables contain vitamin C, and vegetables like broccoli and related plants contain iron and calcium. Vegetables are very low in fats and calories, but ingredients added in preparation can often add these.
Grains[edit]
These foods provide complex carbohydrates, which are an important source of energy, especially for a low-fat meal plan. Examples include corn, wheat, pasta, and rice.
Fruits[edit]
In terms of food (rather than botany), fruits are the sweet-tasting seed-bearing parts of plants, or occasionally sweet parts of plants which do not bear seeds. These include apples, oranges, grapes, bananas, etc. Fruits are low in calories and fat and are a source of natural sugars, fiber and vitamins. Processing fruit when canning or making into juices may add sugars and remove nutrients. The fruit food group is sometimes combined with the vegetable food group. Note that a massive number of different plant species produce seed pods which are considered fruits in botany, and there are a number of botanical fruits which are conventionally not considered fruits in cuisine because they lack the characteristic sweet taste, e.g., tomatoes or avocados.
Oils and sweets[edit]
A food pyramid's tip is the smallest part, so the fats and sweets in the top of the Food Pyramid should comprise the smallest percentage of the diet. The foods at the top of the food pyramid should be eaten sparingly because they provide calories, but not much in the way of nutrition. These foods include salad dressings, oils, cream, butter, margarine, sugars, soft drinks, candies, and sweet desserts.
Dairy[edit]
Dairy products are produced from the milk of mammals, usually but not exclusively cattle. They include milk, yogurt and cheese. Milk and its derivative products are a rich source of dietary calcium and also provide protein, phosphorus, vitamin A, and vitamin D. However, many dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol compared to vegetables, fruits and whole grains, which is why skimmed products are available as an alternative. Historically, adults were recommended to consume three cups of dairy products per day.[12] More recently, evidence is mounting that dairy products have greater levels of negative effects on health than previously thought and confer fewer benefits. For example, recent research has shown that dairy products are not related to stronger bones or less fractures; on the flip side, another study showed that milk (and yogurt) consumption results in higher bone mineral density in the hip. Overall, the majority of research suggests that dairy has some beneficial effects on bone health, in part because of milk's other nutrients.[13][14][15]
Meat and beans[edit]
Meat is the tissue – usually muscle – of an animal consumed by humans. Since most parts of many animals are edible, there is a vast variety of meats. Meat is a major source of protein, as well as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Meats, poultry, and fish include beef, chicken, pork, salmon, tuna, shrimp, and eggs.
The meat group is one of the major compacted food groups in the food guide pyramid. Many of the same nutrients found in meat can also be found in foods like eggs, dry beans, and nuts, such foods are typically placed in the same category as meats, as meat alternatives. These include tofu, products that resemble meat or fish but are made with soy, eggs, and cheeses. For those who do not consume meat or animal products (see Vegetarianism, veganism and Taboo food and drink), meat analogs, tofu, beans, lentils, chick peas, nuts and other high-protein vegetables are also included in this group. The food guide pyramid suggests that adults eat 2–3 servings per day. One serving of meat is 4 oz (110 g), about the size of a deck of cards.
Controversy[edit]
USDA food pyramid
Inside the pyramid
Many nutritional experts, like Harvard nutritionist Dr. Walter Willett, believe the 1992 pyramid does not reflect the latest research on dietetics.[16] Certain dietary choices that have been linked to heart disease, such as an 8 oz (230 g) serving of hamburger daily, were technically permitted under the pyramid. The pyramid also lacked differentiation within the protein-rich group ("Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Nuts").[17]
In April 1991, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) halted publication of its Eating Right Pyramid, due to objections raised by meat and dairy lobbying groups concerning the guide’s display of their products. Despite the USDA’s explanations that the guide required further research and testing, it was not until one year later—after its content was supported by additional research—that the Eating Right Pyramid was officially released. This time, even the guide’s graphic design was altered to appease industry concerns. This incident was only one of many in which the food industry attempted to alter federal dietary recommendations in their own economic self-interest.[18]
Some of the recommended quantities for the different types of food in the old pyramid have also come under criticism for lack of clarity. For instance, the pyramid recommends two to three servings from the protein-rich group, but this is intended to be a maximum. The pyramid recommends two to four fruit servings, but this is intended to be the minimum.[19]
The fats group as a whole have been put at the tip of the pyramid, under the direction to eat as little as possible, which is largely problematic. Under the guide, one would assume to avoid fats and fatty foods, which can lead to health problems. For one, fat is essential in a person's general sustainability.[20][21][22] Research suggests that unsaturated fats aid in weight loss, reduce heart disease risk,[23] lower blood sugar, and even lower cholesterol.[24][25][26] These fats can be found in olive oil,[27][28] nuts,[29][30] pesto,[31] seafood (including fish, shrimp, squid, and krill among many more)[32][33] and avocados.[34][35] Also, they are very long sustaining, and help keep blood sugar at a steady level.[36][37] On top of that, these fats help brain function as well.[38]
Several books have claimed that food and agricultural associations exert undue political power on the USDA.[39][40] Food industries, such as milk companies, have been accused of influencing the United States Department of Agriculture into making the colored spots on the newly created food pyramid larger for their particular product. The milk section has been claimed to be the easiest to see out of the six sections of the pyramid, making individuals believe that more milk should be consumed on a daily basis compared to the others.[41] Furthermore, the inclusion of milk as a group unto itself implies that is an essential part of a healthy diet, despite the many people who are lactose intolerant or choose to abstain from dairy, and a number of cultures that have historically consumed little if any dairy products. Joel Fuhrman says in his book Eat to Live that U.S. taxpayers must contribute $20 billion on price supports to artificially reduce the price of cattle feed to benefit the dairy, beef and veal industries, and then pay the medical bills for an overweight population.[42] He asks if the USDA is under the influence of the food industry, because a food pyramid based on science would have vegetables at its foundation.[42]
These controversies prompted the creation of pyramids for specific audiences, particularly the mediterranean pyramid in 1993[43] and some Vegetarian Diet Pyramids.[44][45][46][47]
Alternatives[edit]
Main article: Healthy eating pyramid
The Harvard School of Public Health proposes a healthy eating pyramid, which includes calcium and multi-vitamin supplements as well as moderate amounts of alcohol, as an alternative to the Food Guide Pyramid. Many observers[who?] believe that the Harvard pyramid follows the results of nutrition studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals more closely.[citation needed] But in their book Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever, published in 2004, Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman M.D., point out that the guidelines provided in the Harvard Pyramid fail to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy oils. In addition, whole-grain foods are given more priority than vegetables, which should not be the case, as vegetables have a lower glycemic load. Other observations are that fish should be given a higher priority due to its high omega-3 content, and that high fat dairy products should be excluded. As an alternative, the authors postulate a new food pyramid, emphasising low glycemic-load vegetables, healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts and seeds, lean animal protein, fish, and extra virgin olive oil.
"MyPlate"[edit]
Main article: MyPlate
The MyPlate food guide icon.
The University of Michigan Integrative Medicine’s Healing Foods Pyramid emphasizes plant-based choices, variety and balance. It includes sections for seasonings and water as well as healthy fats.
MyPlate is the current nutrition guide published by the United States Department of Agriculture, depicting a place setting with a plate and glass divided into five food groups. It replaced the USDA's MyPyramid guide on June 2, 2011, concluding 19 years of USDA food pyramid diagrams.
See also[edit]
Food portal
Government of the United States portal
5 A Day
Food and Nutrition Service
The Food Balance Wheel alternate interpretation of the Food Guide Pyramid
Fruits & Veggies – More Matters
Healthy diet
Healthy eating pyramid
History of USDA nutrition guides
Human nutrition
List of nutrition guides
MyPlate
MyPyramid
Nutrition Education
Overall Nutritional Quality Index
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Perez-Jimenez, F; Espino, A; Lopez-Segura, F; Blanco, J; Ruiz-Gutierrez, V; Prada, JL; Lopez-Miranda, J; Jimenez-Pereperez, J; Ordovas, JM (1995). "Lipoprotein concentrations in normolipidemic males consuming oleic acid-rich diets from two different sources: Olive oil and oleic acid-rich sunflower oil". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62 (4): 769–75. PMID 7572707.
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External links[edit]
USDA Dietary Guidelines
Tufts Researchers Update Their Food Guide Pyramid for Older Adults
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Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the original UK version. For the international franchise, see Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Created by
David Briggs
Steve Knight
Mike Whitehill
Presented by
Chris Tarrant
Theme music composer
Keith Strachan
Matthew Strachan
Nick Magnus[1] (2007–14)
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
30
No. of episodes
592
Production
Producer(s)
David Briggs
Location(s)
Elstree Studios
Running time
30–75 minutes
Production company(s)
Celador (1998–2007)
2waytraffic (2007–10)
Victory Television (2011–14)
Release
Original network
ITV
Picture format
4:3 (1998–99)
16:9 (1999–2014)
Original release
4 September 1998 (1998-09-04) – 11 February 2014 (2014-02-11)
External links
Website
millionaire.itv.com/home/
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British television quiz show that offers a maximum cash prize of one million pounds for correctly answering successive multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty. One contestant played at a time and originally had no time limit to answer questions. Contestants were presented with the question and possible answers before they decided whether to attempt an answer, use one of their lifelines (50:50, Ask The Audience or Phone a Friend (or later on, Switch)), or walk away with what they have already won.
The show first aired on 4 September 1998 and aired its final episode on 11 February 2014. It was presented by Chris Tarrant and produced by Victory Television for the ITV network. It was based on a format devised by David Briggs, who, along with Steven Knight and Mike Whitehill, devised a number of the promotional games for Chris Tarrant's breakfast show on Capital FM radio. The original working title for the show was Cash Mountain.
One of the most significant shows in British popular culture, it was ranked 23rd in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The show has been exported to many other countries, all of which follow the same general format. Rights to both the format and all UK episodes of the show were put up for sale by Celador in March 2006, as the first step towards the sale of Celador's formats division. These were acquired by the Dutch company 2waytraffic.[2] 2waytraffic was in turn acquired by Sony Pictures Entertainment in 2008.[3]
On 22 October 2013, it was announced that Tarrant had decided to quit the show after 15 years. Because of this, ITV consequently announced that Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? would conclude after the contract finished, stating that there would not be any further specials beyond the ones that had already been planned.[4][5] Tarrant's final live celebrity edition aired on 19 December 2013. On the day before (18 December), Tarrant pre-recorded two other celebrity episodes to be shown in early 2014. The final episode, a clip show entitled "Chris' Final Answer", aired on 11 February 2014.[6]
Long time host Chris Tarrant
Contents
[hide]
1 Broadcast details
2 Gameplay
2.1 Lifelines
2.2 1998–2010 format
2.3 2010 clock format
3 Text game (2004–2007)
4 Top prize winners
4.1 Judith Keppel (20 November 2000)
4.2 David Edwards (21 April 2001)
4.3 Charles Ingram (18 September 2001)
4.4 Robert Brydges (29 September 2001)
4.5 Pat Gibson (24 April 2004)
4.6 Ingram Wilcox (23 September 2006)
5 Controversies
5.1 Incorrect answer to question accepted
5.2 One Foot in the Grave
5.3 Ambiguous question
5.4 Charles Ingram affair
5.5 Robert Brydges affair
5.6 Phone-a-Friend
6 Series overview
7 References
7.1 Footnotes
7.2 Bibliography
8 External links
Broadcast details[edit]
Originally broadcast on successive evenings for around ten days, the series later appeared weekly on ITV in a primetime slot on Saturday evenings, and also occasionally on Tuesday evenings. The episodes lasted for one hour (including adverts). The first contestant was Graham Elwell, who won £64,000.
At its peak in 1999, the show pulled in up to 19 million viewers, often when it only had a half-hour timeslot, before declining to around 8 million viewers by 2003.[7]
In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? was placed 23rd.
Tarrant's catchphrases on the show include "Is that your final answer?", "But we don't want to give you that" (meaning that he would like the contestant to go on and win even more money), more recently at the end of the show, "But the cashpoint is now closed for tonight" or when a contestant is relieved, he sometimes says "Quite pleased, then?"
Variants on the format were screened from time to time as special episodes were produced, such as celebrities playing for charity, couples games (where both partners must agree on the answer), Mother's Day specials, etc.
Since April 2011, only celebrity contestants appeared on the show, in special live editions that coincided with holidays such as Christmas, Mother's Day, Remembrance Day, with the end of a school term, etc. The "Clock Format" is still used during live celebrity shows. However, during Series 29 in 2012, there were three The People Play specials that were broadcast live for three consecutive nights between 9 and 11 July. These specials featured non-celebrity contestants and allowed viewers to play along at home.[8] A fourth The People Play special aired on 7 May 2013 with a further two broadcast the following Tuesday nights with the last ever People's Play episode for the contestants on 21 May 2013.
Gameplay[edit]
Payout structure
Question number
Question value
1998–2007
2007–14
1 £100 £500
2 £200 £1,000
3 £300 £2,000
4 £500 £5,000
5 £1,000 £10,000
6 £2,000 £20,000
7 £4,000 £50,000
8 £8,000 £75,000
9 £16,000 £150,000
10 £32,000 £250,000
11 £64,000 £500,000
12 £125,000 £1 Million
13 £250,000 N/A
14 £500,000
15 £1 Million
Members of the public applied to appear on the show by calling a premium-rate telephone number or sending a premium-rate text message. Applications could also be made at the ITV website via a system of £1 "credits", as well as through a contestant casting audition. Such auditions were held at various locations around the UK. Contestants were chosen from the large number of applicants through a combination of random selection and the ability to answer test general knowledge questions.
Contestants answered a list of initially 15 (until 2007), and later just 12 increasingly difficult questions to win the top prize of £1 million. A contestant could choose to leave the game at any point and claim the prize for the last correctly answered question without penalty. From 2007, answering the second question correctly guaranteed that a contestant left with no less than £1,000 if they provided an incorrect answer to a later question, and answering the seventh question correctly increased the minimum payout to £50,000. A contestant who answered either the first or second question incorrectly left with nothing. The first, third and eight question were called "free" questions, the contestants could not lose anything if they provided an incorrect answer.
On the final part of each programme whilst a game was in progress, the "Out of time" signal (which usually consisted of one long blast of a chord played from brass instruments) was sounded, which was called the 'klaxon'. Most recently in the live specials, Chris told the viewers on the final part that the klaxon would sound the end of the game and the question would be null and void (the question would not count). If, however, a future live special was to be scheduled, then the contestant would return on the next programme.
Lifelines[edit]
Three lifelines were presented at the beginning of the game in order to aid contestants:
50/50: Eliminated two random wrong answers, leaving the right answer but also whichever wrong answer was the most likely to be a tempting choice.
Phone a Friend: The contestant called one of their friends, who had provided their phone numbers in advance. The contestant had 30 seconds to read the question and four or two (if the contestant had already used their 50/50 option) possible answers to the friend, who then had the remaining time to offer help.
Ask the Audience: Audience members used touch pads to designate what they believed the correct answer to be. The percentage of the audience choosing each specific option was displayed to the contestant.
Flip/Switch (2002, 2003, 2010–14): This fourth additional lifeline was introduced in 2002, where the computer replaced, at the contestant's request, one question with another of the same monetary value. Any lifelines already used on the original question were not reinstated. It appeared as a 'Q' symbol or as two circling arrows.
1998–2010 format[edit]
Prior to 2010, ten contestants competed against each other on each episode in the "Fastest Finger First" round in order to determine which contestant would play the main portion of the game. In the first series, players were to answer a four-choice question similar to those in the main game. However, this was later changed in Series Two, where a question and four answers were presented and each contestant ordered those answers in a specified order (e.g. ranking events chronologically, items in order of size etc.). The contestant who achieved the correct order in the fastest time moved to the second portion of the game. If that contestant chose to stop the game early or was eliminated following an incorrect answer, a new contestant was chosen in the same manner from the remaining nine contestants. If the question was missed, it was thrown out and a new question was played in the same manner.
Additionally, contestants were required to answer 15 questions to win the top prize. The minimum payouts were £1,000 for answering five questions correctly and £32,000 for answering ten questions.
2010 clock format[edit]
The UK version adopted the US 'Clock Format' on 3 August 2010, still using the 12-question money tree and that the final 5 questions would not have a time limit (unlike the U.S. version), and using the original lifelines. Contestants also received a fourth lifeline; "Flip" or "Switch", upon completing question 7.
Contestants would have to answer the first seven questions within a specific time limit: 15 seconds for questions one and two, and 30 seconds for each question thereafter.[9] Questions 8-12 were not timed. If, during the first seven questions, the contestant ran out of time on a question, their winnings would drop back down to either nothing (on question 1 or 2) or the £1,000 milestone (if they passed that point), as if the question had been answered incorrectly. The clock was stopped when a contestant chose to use a lifeline on questions 1-7.
Text game (2004–2007)[edit]
On 23 October 2004 the show included a new feature called the "Walkaway Text Game". The competition was offered to viewers at home to play the text game where they had to answer the question, if a contestant decided to walk home with the cash prize they have got, by choosing the letters 'A, B, C or D' within 30 seconds to a specific mobile number. The viewer who answered the question won £1,000 by having their entries selected randomly.
On 9 September 2006, there were some changes. The competition stayed the same but this time, they played it before some commercial breaks. A question to which the contestant had given their final answer, but the correct answer had not yet been revealed, was offered as a competition to viewers. Entry was via SMS text message at a cost of £1 per entry, and the competition ran through the commercial break, after which the answer was revealed and the game continued. One viewer who answered the question correctly won £1,000. The text game ended on 28 July 2007.[10][11]
Top prize winners[edit]
See also: List of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? top prize winners
Judith Keppel (20 November 2000)[edit]
£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which King was married to Eleanor of Aquitaine?
• A: Henry I • B: Henry II
• C: Richard I • D: Henry V
Keppel's £1 million question
Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942),[12] a cash-strapped garden designer at the time, was the first one-million-pound winner and only woman to have won the top prize on the United Kingdom version of the programme.
David Edwards (21 April 2001)[edit]
£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
If you planted the seeds of Quercus robur, what would grow?
• A: Trees • B: Flowers
• C: Vegetables • D: Grain
Edwards's £1 million question
David Edwards (born 1947 in Barry, South Wales) is a former physics teacher at Cheadle High School and Denstone College in Staffordshire who became the first man to win the million pounds on the British Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? on 21 April 2001, and was only the second person to answer all 15 questions correctly, and hence win the prize, after Judith Keppel. He competed in both series of Are You an Egghead?, reaching the last 16 in 2008, and the final in 2009, where he lost to fellow Millionaire winner Pat Gibson.
His million pound question was "If you planted the seeds of Quercus robur, what would grow?" The options were Trees, Flowers, Vegetables and Grain. The correct answer was Trees. He had no lifelines for this question, having used all three on a previous question. The phone-a-friend he used was his son, Richard Edwards (who later won £125,000 on the show).
Charles Ingram (18 September 2001)[edit]
£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
A number one followed by one hundred zeros is known by what name?
• A: Googol • B: Megatron
• C: Gigabit • D: Nanomole
Ingram's £1 million question
Charles Ingram (born 6 August 1963) is a former British Army major who made headlines in Britain after cheating in the game show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? in 2001. He was convicted of deception in 2003, and was given an 18-month suspended sentence, although he maintains that he did not cheat.
The ITV programme was produced by Celador at Elstree Studios, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. After winning £1,000,000, the payout was suspended when Ingram was accused of cheating by having his wife, Diana, and an accomplice, Tecwen Whittock, cough as Ingram announced the correct answer from the available choices. Following a trial at Southwark Crown Court lasting four weeks (including jury deliberation for three-and-a-half days), which ended soon after a jury member was evicted for discussing the case in public, Charles and Diana Ingram and Whittock were convicted by a majority verdict of the crime of "procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception" on 7 April 2003, and all three received suspended prison sentences; in addition, Ingram was stripped of his winnings.
Robert Brydges (29 September 2001)[edit]
£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which scientific unit is named after an Italian nobleman?
• A: Pascal • B: Ohm
• C: Volt • D: Hertz
Brydges's £1 million question
Robert Kempe Brydges[13] is an Oxford-educated banker from Holland Park, London.[14] He was previously a director of GNI Fund Management, an investment brokers' firm, earning £300,000 a year and held the position of vice-president of US bank Hanover Trust.[15]
On 29 September 2001, Brydges won £1 million,[16] becoming the fourth person to answer the final question correctly.[17][18] His appearance in the show fuelled controversy because of his wealth prior to participation (see below).
Pat Gibson (24 April 2004)[edit]
£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which of these is not one of the American Triple Crown horse races?
• A: Arlington Million • B: Belmont Stakes
• C: Kentucky Derby • D: Preakness Stakes
Gibson's £1 million question
Pat Gibson (born 19 July 1961 Galway, Ireland) is an Irish quiz player. He is a multiple world champion in quizzing and one of the world's most successful quiz players. He is has won several quiz shows and is a panellist on Eggheads. He was born and educated in Ireland but has lived in the United Kingdom for many years.
On 24 April 2004 he became the fourth contestant to win the £1m jackpot on the quiz show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. On the question he still had his 50:50 and phone a friend. He used the 50:50 first, where B. Belmont Stakes and D. Preakness Stakes disappeared. He then used his phone-a-friend option, phoning Mark Kerr (a highly ranked British quiz player and winner of TV's "Brainiest Estate Agent" title) who said he was 90% sure the answer was Arlington Million, which was Gibson's original instinct. He was the only person in the United Kingdom to reach the one million pound question with two lifelines remaining. He used his Ask-the-Audience on the £64,000 question, and kept 50:50 and phone a friend back until the final question. Gibson correctly answered 'Arlington Million' to win £1 million.
Ingram Wilcox (23 September 2006)[edit]
£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films?
• A: Bombardier Billy Wells • B: Freddie Mills
• C: Terry Spinks • D: Don Cockell
Wilcox's £1 million question
Ingram Wilcox (born 1944) is a British quiz enthusiast who is best known for becoming the fifth and final person to win one million pounds on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2006. When he reached the million-pound question, he had already used up all his lifelines. In two previous appearances he reached the "fastest finger first" stage but did not get through. His final question was "Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films?" He correctly chose Bombardier Billy Wells to win the prize.[19]
Controversies[edit]
Incorrect answer to question accepted[edit]
In March 1999 contestant Tony Kennedy was asked "Theoretically, what is the minimum number of strokes with which a tennis player can win a set?", with possible answers of 12, 24, 36, and 48. He calculated that a player would need four shots to win a game, with six games in a set, giving an answer of 24. This won him the £64,000 question.
The Daily Mirror newspaper reported the next day, with the pun headline 'Fault!', that a player could win a game without playing a shot if their opponent double-faulted on every serve. This would allow a winning set in 12 strokes, assuming the player aced each of his or her own serves. The programme acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but Kennedy was allowed to keep his prize money (an eventual £125,000).[20]
One Foot in the Grave[edit]
The broadcast of Judith Keppel's victory as the first jackpot winner on the UK version of Millionaire coincided with the transmission of the final episode of the BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave.[21] The news of Keppel's win, recorded the preceding Sunday, was leaked to the press; ITV announced Keppel's success at a press conference on the day of broadcast. David Renwick, writer of One Foot was annoyed that this would take audience interest away from the sitcom. He said that the early announcement of the outcome of Millionaire was "naked opportunism", and it "would have been more honorable to let the show go out in the normal way". He pointed out that they also "killed off any element of tension or surprise in their own programme", but "television is all about ratings".[21]
It was alleged that Millionaire's production company Celador had rigged the show to spoil the BBC's expected high ratings for the sitcom's finale. Richard Wilson in particular was quoted as saying that ITV had "planned" the win, adding "it seems a bit unfair to take the audience away from Victor's last moments on earth."[22] Richard Webber's account, in his 2006 book, cites "unnamed BBC sources" as those who "questioned the authenticity of Keppel's victory".[21] ITV was upset at the allegation, claiming that it "undermined viewers' faith in the programme." Leslie Hill, the chairman of ITV, wrote to Sir Christopher Bland, the chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC, to complain about the issue. The corporation apologised, saying that any suggestion of 'rigging' "did not represent the official view of the BBC."[23] Eleven viewers complained about the quiz show to the Independent Television Commission (ITC), but Millionaire was cleared of any wrongdoing.[24][25][26]
Ambiguous question[edit]
On a special Valentine's Day celebrity edition of the show in 2006, which aired 11 February, Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen and Jackie Llewelyn-Bowen reached the £1,000,000 question, which was "Translated from the Latin, what is the motto of the United States?" The Bowens chose answer A, "In God, We Trust", but the correct answer intended was actually answer B, "One Out of Many" which is the English translation for the Latin E pluribus unum. Because they answered the £1,000,000 question incorrectly, they lost £468,000. However, the question turned out to be ambiguous, as "In God, We Trust" is the legal motto for the United States; the phrase is found on many American coins, though it is not of Latin origin. Because of this, they were invited back to play again, reinstating their previously lost £468,000 to bring them back up to £500,000. The contestants decided not to risk it this time and left with the £500,000 for their chosen charities.[27]
No other contestant had ever lost £468,000; the most money ever lost was £218,000, which occurred only twice: Duncan Bickley lost in October 2000 and Rob Mitchell in October 2003, when they answered their £500,000 questions incorrectly and fell from £250,000 down to £32,000.
Charles Ingram affair[edit]
Charles Ingram and his wife Diana.
In an episode of the show recorded on 9 and 10 September 2001, Charles Ingram won the £1 million prize. During the recording it was noticed that a suspicious pattern of coughing could be heard. Ingram's unusual behaviour in the hot seat also drew attention. Analysed, it was believed that another contestant, Tecwen Whittock, sitting behind him, was offering him prompts in the form of coughs, indicating the correct answers. On some of the questions, Ingram read aloud all of the four answers, until a significant cough was heard, before choosing his answer. In some cases, he dismissed an answer, read aloud the answer choices again, and then picked the answer that he had earlier dismissed. It also appeared on the tapes that after Ingram repeated a particular incorrect answer several times believing it to be correct, Whittock coughed and then loudly whispered 'No!'
After Ingram won the million, Whittock won the next Fastest Finger game and so took to the hotseat. He reached the £4,000 mark, but dropped back to £1,000 after answering a cookery question incorrectly.
The Prosecution suggested that Ingram's wife, Diana (who had won £32,000 on a previous show, as had her brother), had organised the scam. Pager telephone records revealed what appeared to be a practice session for another plan to cheat the system that was not subsequently carried out. The Prosecution claimed that the original plan was for Ingram to hide four pagers on his body that would vibrate when an accomplice called the pager indicating the correct answer. It would seem that during one of Diana's questions, an audible cough could be heard after Tarrant had read out all the questions to her, with the cough landing at the end of the correct answer.
Following a trial at Southwark Crown Court lasting four weeks, Ingram, his wife Diana, and Whittock were convicted of "procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception" on 7 April 2003. Ingram and his wife were each given suspended 18-month prison sentences and fined £15,000, while Whittock received a 12-month suspended sentence and was fined £10,000. Together with legal costs, the Ingrams had to pay £115,000, in addition to not receiving his £1,000,000.
Despite the conviction, the Ingrams and Whittock continue to deny that they colluded or acted dishonestly. They appealed against the conviction. An ITV documentary entitled Millionaire: A Major Fraud, presented by Martin Bashir, was broadcast in Britain on 21 April 2003 with a follow-up two weeks later, Millionaire: The Final Answer.[28] Excerpts from the recording were broadcast but with enhanced audio highlighting the coughs emanating, the Prosecution alleged, from Whittock. Immediately after Major Fraud, the uncut recording, but again with enhanced audio, was broadcast on ITV2. Major Fraud included additional video recorded during the programme of Mrs. Ingram sitting in the audience and apparently prompting Major Ingram with her own coughing and making glances in the direction of Whittock. Major Fraud also contained interviews with production staff and some contestants present at the recording describing how they felt that something unusual had been happening. The defendants declined to be interviewed for the programme. Ingram described Major Fraud and the programme broadcast on ITV2 as "one of the greatest TV editing con tricks in history".
On 24 July 2003, the British Army ordered Charles Ingram to resign his commission as a Major.
James Plaskett has argued in favour of the innocence of Ingram, his wife, and Whittock.[29] Plaskett's essay led to journalist Bob Woffinden, who had a long-time interest in miscarriages of justice, publishing a two-page article in the 9 October 2004 edition of the British newspaper the Daily Mail entitled 'Is the Coughing Major Innocent?' Jon Ronson, who attended the trial and had written two articles about it in The Guardian, wrote a piece about Plaskett's theory entitled 'Are the Millionaire three innocent?'[30] In 2015 Woffinden and Plaskett published a book entitled Bad Show: The Quiz, the Cough, the Millionaire Major, arguing that Ingram's appearance on the show coinciding with Whittock's was "chance".[31]
Plaskett may also be heard at Episode 29 of The Pod Delusion podcast[32] being interviewed by political blogger, Mark Thompson, who was himself led by Plaskett's essay to take an interest in the case of The Millionaire Three. In January 2006, Plaskett himself made it into the hot seat and won £250,000. He subsequently sponsored Ingram for £25,000 to run the 2006 Flora London Marathon for the charity SENSE.
Robert Brydges affair[edit]
The participation of Robert Brydges raised the ire of Brydges's neighbour, Sarah Elliott, who said "Bob is loaded. When I found out he was going on the show I knew he would win. He's as sharp as a razor and has no problem under pressure. But gambling on the tricky questions must be a lot easier when you're already worth millions. I suppose £16,000 must seem like loose change to him."[15] Elliott's grandmother was less kind, saying "It is so unfair that someone like Robert should be allowed on the show. That family certainly does not need the money. It won't make any difference to them because they're filthy rich and live like millionaires anyway".[16] In addition, the show has been called elitist: presenter Eamonn Holmes suggested live on GMTV that only millionaires or minor royals had a chance of winning the prize.[33] A spokesman for Celador responded "Everybody has an equal chance to get on. It is impossible for us to check how much money people already have when they get on the show. We'd love a penniless binman as our next winner, but it never happens."[15]
Phone-a-Friend[edit]
The Phone-a-Friend lifeline provided multiple instances of controversy during the show's run. A 2002 edition of the Daily Mail reported that many contestants had selected strangers who were "contacts among the quizzing fraternity"[34] to act as their Phone-a-Friends. Specifically, game show champion Daphne Fowler was approached by a man she had not previously met and asked if she would be his lifeline in exchange for £200. Fowler refused, adding: "I thought a fair price would be a quarter of whatever the man won, so if I helped him get from £32,000 to £64,000 I would expect to get £16,000."[35] The man was later revealed by ITV sources not to have made it onto the programme.[35]
In March 2007 various UK newspapers reported that an organised syndicate had been getting quiz enthusiasts onto the show in return for a percentage of their winnings. The person behind the syndicate was Keith Burgess from Northern Ireland. Burgess admitted to helping around 200 contestants to appear on the show since 1999; he estimates those contestants to have won around £5,000,000. The show producers are believed to have been aware of this operation, with Burgess stating: "The show knows about me and these types of syndicates, but they cover it up to keep the show going."[36][37] An earlier version of a Phone a Friend syndicate was reported in the Northampton Chronicle and Echo during 2003.[38] Paul Smith, the Managing Director of Celador Productions, stated: "We are aware of Paddy Spooner and what people similar to him are doing, and we have made a priority of changing our question procedure. We are confident we have now made it impossible for anyone to manipulate the system."[38] Since then, the options of people that can be called have a picture of themselves shown on-air.
Series overview[edit]
The show aired from 1998 to 2014 on ITV. Over this time, 30 series and 592 episodes were aired in total.
Series
Start date
End date
Episodes
1 4 September 1998 25 December 1998 11
2 1 January 1999 13 January 1999 13
3 5 March 1999 16 March 1999 12
4 3 September 1999 14 September 1999 13
5 5 November 1999 26 December 1999 18
6 16 January 2000 22 January 2000 7
7 26 March 2000 1 May 2000 13
8 7 September 2000 6 January 2001 55
9 8 January 2001 26 April 2001 45
10 4 September 2001 29 December 2001 43
11 5 January 2002 9 April 2002 55
12 31 August 2002 28 December 2002 19
13 4 January 2003 31 May 2003 21
14 30 August 2003 27 December 2003 21
15 3 January 2004 5 June 2004 23
16 18 September 2004 25 December 2004 16
17 1 January 2005 11 June 2005 24
18 17 September 2005 31 December 2005 11
19 7 January 2006 8 July 2006 27
20 9 September 2006 6 January 2007 13
21 10 March 2007 28 July 2007 17
22 18 August 2007 30 October 2007 11
23 1 January 2008 3 June 2008 19
24 16 August 2008 31 January 2009 18
25 13 June 2009 20 December 2009 20
26 13 April 2010 8 June 2010 8
27 3 August 2010 23 December 2010 11
28 2 April 2011 19 December 2011 6
29 3 January 2012 20 December 2012 11
30 1 January 2013 11 February 2014 11
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ "BIOGRAPHY".
Jump up ^ Loveday, Samantha (1 December 2006). "New owners take on Celador International and Millionaire brand". toynews-online.biz. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Levine, Stuart (4 June 2008). "Sony Pictures acquires 2waytraffic". Variety. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire axed as host Chris Tarrant decided 'it was time to take a break'". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Millionaire axed as Tarrant quits". u.tv. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "'I've loved every minute': An emotional Chris Tarrant bids farewell as Who Wants To Be A Millionaire bows out after 16-years". Daily Mail. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Millionaire: A TV phenomenon". BBC News. 3 March 2003. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "This summer, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? will once again be going live, but this time with the Great British public in the hotseat!". ITV. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Kilkelly, Daniel (23 June 2010). "Format changes ahead for 'Millionaire'". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110713070556/http://millionaire.itv.com/viewergame.php?howtoplay=1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Millionaire—Walkaway Game". itv.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Charles Mosley (ed.), Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage (London: Burke's Peerage, 1999)
Jump up ^ "Fourth Millionaire 'is millionaire'". BBC. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Millionaire' quiz show aims to broaden appeal". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fourth contestant wins 'Millionaire'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Cohen, Nadia. "The man who won a million". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "THANKS A MILLION.. WE'RE BOTH WINNERS; EXCLUSIVE: Couple each scoop TV prize". Free Online Library. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "So I phoned a friend - part one". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ The last Gongman, Ken Richmond, had died on 3 August 2006, not long before the show was recorded.
Jump up ^ "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?". UKGameshows.com. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Webber 2006, p. 184
Jump up ^ "Wilson: Millionaire win 'planned'". BBC News. 22 November 2000. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
Jump up ^ Judd, Terri (2 December 2000). "BBC apologises for 'Millionaire' dirty tricks slur". The Independent. London.
Jump up ^ "Millionaire? cleared of ratings 'fix'". BBC News. 15 January 2001. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
Jump up ^ Casey & Calvert 2008, p. 128
Jump up ^ Dyja 2002, p. 20
Jump up ^ Whitehead, Jennifer (13 January 2006). "Llewelyn-Bowen gets second chance at 'Millionaire' jackpot after unfair question". Brand Republic. Haymarket Media Group. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Day, Julian (22 April 2003). "The cough carries it off". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived 22 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Ronson, Jon (17 July 2006). "Are the Millionaire three innocent?". London: The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Winchester, Levi (17 January 2015). "'Coughing Major' was INNOCENT of cheating on Who Wants to be a Millionaire, says new book". Daily Express. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Episode 29 – 9th April 2010". The Pod Delusion. 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Millionaire winner denies elitist claim". BBC. 1 October 2001. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Woffinden; Plaskett, p.55
^ Jump up to: a b Conlan, Tara (18 April 2002). "I'll phone a stranger". Daily Mail. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Phoney a Friend". Sunday Mirror. 18 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "Quiz syndicate leader denies wrongdoing". crewechronicle.co.uk. 23 March 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Millionaire syndicate is probed". northamptonchron.co.uk. 23 April 2003. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
Bibliography[edit]
Casey, Bernadette; Calvert, Ben (2008). Television Studies: The Key Concepts (2 ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-37149-0.
Dyja, Eddie, ed. (2002). BFI Film and Television Handbook 2002. London: British Film Institute. ISBN 978-0-85170-904-8.
Webber, Richard (2006). The Complete One Foot in the Grave. London: Orion. ISBN 978-0-7528-7357-2.
Woffinden, Bob; Plaskett, James (2015). Bad Show: The Quiz, the Cough, the Millionaire Major. Bojangles Books. ISBN 978-0-9930755-2-0.
External links[edit]
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