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List of countries where Spanish is an official language
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Countries and territories where the Spanish language holds official status.
The following is a list of countries where Spanish, or any language closely related to it, is an important or significative language.
Contents
[hide]
1 Official or national language
2 Significant minority language
2.1 Andorra
2.2 Belize
2.3 Gibraltar
2.4 United States
3 Historical language
3.1 Philippines
3.2 Western Sahara
4 Creole languages
5 Judeo-Spanish
6 International organizations
7 References
Official or national language[edit]
Spanish is the majority language in 21 sovereign states and several dependent territories, totaling around 440 million people.[1] It is additionally the main official language in Equatorial Guinea.
In these countries and territories, Spanish is the main or only language of communication of the vast majority of the population; official documents are written chiefly or solely in that language; and it is taught in schools and utilized as the primary medium of instruction as part of the official curriculum.
Country/Territory
Status
Population
(2014)[2]
Regulatory body
More information
Mexico De facto[3] 120,286,655 Academia Mexicana de la Lengua Mexican Spanish
Colombia De jure[4] 48,400,388 Academia Colombiana de la Lengua Colombian Spanish
Spaina De jure[5] 47,737,941 Real Academia Española Peninsular Spanish
Argentina De facto[6] 43,024,374 Academia Argentina de Letras Rioplatense Spanish
Perub De jure[7] 30,147,935 Academia Peruana de la Lengua Peruvian Coast Spanish
Venezuela De jure[8] 28,868,486 Academia Venezolana de la Lengua Venezuelan Spanish
Chile De facto[9] 17,363,894 Academia Chilena de la Lengua Chilean Spanish
Ecuadorc De jure[10] 15,654,411 Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua Ecuadorian Spanish
Guatemala De jure[11] 14,647,083 Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua Guatemalan Spanish
Cuba De jure[12] 11,047,251 Academia Cubana de la Lengua Cuban Spanish
Boliviad De jure[13] 10,631,486 Academia Boliviana de la Lengua Bolivian Spanish
Dominican Republic De jure[14] 10,349,741 Academia Dominicana de la Lengua Dominican Spanish
Honduras De jure[15] 8,598,561 Academia Hondureña de la Lengua Honduran Spanish
Paraguaye De jure[16] 6,703,860 Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española Paraguayan Spanish
El Salvador De jure[17] 6,125,512 Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua Salvadoran Spanish
Nicaragua De facto[18] 5,848,641 Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua Nicaraguan Spanish
Costa Rica De jure[19] 4,755,234 Academia Costarricense de la Lengua Costa Rican Spanish
Puerto Ricof De jure[20] 3,620,897 Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española Puerto Rican Spanish
Panama De jure[21] 3,608,431 Academia Panameña de la Lengua Panamanian Spanish
Uruguay De facto[22] 3,332,972 Academia Nacional de Letras Uruguayan Spanish
Equatorial Guineag De jure[23] 1,722,254 Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española Equatoguinean Spanish
Total 541,302,353 Association of Spanish Language Academies
a In Spain, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level, while the languages of Basque, Catalan/Valencian, and Galician are co-official alongside Spanish in certain regions.
b In Peru, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while Quechua and Aymara hold co-official status in selected regions.
c In Ecuador, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while the Kichwa (Northern Quechua) and Shuar languages hold co-official status in selected regions.
d In Bolivia, the national constitution recognizes Spanish and various indigenous languages of Bolivia as official at the national level, though Spanish is predominant nationwide.
e In Paraguay, Spanish and the indigenous Guaraní are recognized as co-official at the national level and both are widely used in society.
f Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S. where Spanish and English are the official languages and Spanish is the primary language.[20]
g In Equatorial Guinea, the Spanish, French, and Portuguese languages all hold official status at the national level, though Spanish is the primary language in the public sphere while Fang, Bube, Kombe, and other Bantu languages, as well as an English-based creole, are used at home and family settings. See Equatorial Guinea#Languages.
Population of the Spanish speaking countries (+ Puerto Rico) in 2011
Significant minority language[edit]
Though not an official language at the national level, Spanish is regularly spoken by significant minority populations in each of the nations and territories noted below. In each, public services and information are widely available in Spanish, as are various forms of printed and broadcast media.
Country
Population
(2014)[2]
Total speakers
Percentage Spanish-speaking
Andorra 85,458 29,907 35%
Belize 340,844 106,795 30%
Gibraltar 29,185 23,857 81%
United States 318,892,103 52,000,000 23%
Andorra[edit]
See also: Languages of Andorra
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the Principality of Andorra which share land borders with Spain.[24]
Belize[edit]
See also: Languages of Belize
Spanish has no official recognition in the Central American nation of Belize, a Commonwealth realm where English is the official national language. However, the country shares land borders with Spanish-speaking Mexico and Guatemala and, per the 2010 Belizean census, Spanish is spoken by a sizable portion of the population; 30% claim Spanish as a mother tongue and about 50% of the population has working knowledge of the language.[25]
Gibraltar[edit]
See also: Languages of Gibraltar
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, which share land borders with Spain.[26]
United States[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the United States
Spanish has been spoken in the United States for several centuries in the Southwest and Florida, which were all once part of New Spain. However, today only a tiny minority of Spanish speakers in the US trace their language back to those times; the overwhelming majority of speakers come from recent immigration. Only in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado has Spanish maintained speaking communities uninterruptedly since colonial times. [27] Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second-language speakers.[28] Though not official, Spanish has a special status for education in the U.S. state of New Mexico. [29] With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico.[30] Spanish is increasingly used alongside English nationwide in business and politics. In the United States, the language is regulated by the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.
Historical language[edit]
Philippines[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the Philippines
See also: Philippine Spanish
Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of the Hispanic period in 1565 and through independence until a constitutional change in 1973. However, President Ferdinand Marcos had Spanish redesigned as an official language under Presidential Decree No. 156, dated 15 March 1973 and Spanish remained official until 1987, when it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language.[31]
On 8 August 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo announced that the Philippine government asked help from the Spanish Government in her plan to reintroduce Spanish as a required subject in the Philippine school system.[32] By 2012, the language was a compulsory subject at only a very select number of secondary schools.[33] In spite of government promotion of Spanish, less than 0.5% of the population are able to speak Spanish at least proficiently.[34]
While Spanish is designated as an optional government language in the Philippines, its usage is very limited and not present in everyday life.[35] In the country, Spanish is regulated by the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language.
Western Sahara[edit]
Spanish is a secondary official language, alongside Arabic, in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a former Spanish colony and now a partially recognized state, most of whose territory is occupied by Morocco. Spanish is not a native language in that country.[36][37]
Creole languages[edit]
Main article: Spanish-based creole languages
There are a number of Spanish-based creole languages. Chavacano is spoken in Zamboanga City in the Philippines and is a regional language.[38] Papiamento is the official language in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao; it has been classified as either a Spanish-based or a Portuguese-based creole.[39][40]
Chamorro is an Austronesian language with many Spanish loanwords; some scholars have considered it a creole, but the most authoritative sources deny this. [41]
Country
Creole language
Estimated speakers[42]
Year
Status
Aruba Papiamento 60,000[citation needed] N/A Official.[43]
Caribbean Netherlands Papiamento – – Official.[44]
Curaçao Papiamento 185,155[45] 1981 Official.[46]
Philippines Chavacano 689,000[45] 1992 Regional.[38]
Judeo-Spanish[edit]
Main article: Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish (sometimes known as Ladino or other names) is a language derived from medieval Spanish; it is still spoken by some Sephardi Jews, mainly in Israel.
International organizations[edit]
United Nations (UN)
European Union (EU)
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
African Union (AU)
Central American Integration System (SICA)
Latin American Parliament (Parlatino)
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Mercosur
Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Latin Union
Pacific Alliance
Interpol
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://eldiae.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/El-espa%C3%B1ol-lengua-viva-2014.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Jump up ^ Mexico does not have an official language at the federal level [1]; however, Spanish is spoken by the majority.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Colombia, Art. 10
Jump up ^ Spanish Constitution, Art. 3-1
Jump up ^ The Argentine Constitution does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Peru, Art. 48
Jump up ^ Constitution of Venezuela, Art. 9
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Chile does not establish Spanish as an official language. However, Chilean legislation establishes that schools must teach students to communicate in the "Castilian language" (General Law on Education (Articles 29 and 30), Chile Library of Congress.)
Jump up ^ Constitution of Ecuador, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Guatemala, Art. 143
Jump up ^ Constitution of Cuba, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Bolivia, Art. 5
Jump up ^ The Constitution of the Dominican Republic establish Spanish as it official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Honduras, Art. 6
Jump up ^ Constitution of Paraguay, Art. 140
Jump up ^ Constitution of El Salvador, Art. 62
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Nicaragua does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Costa Rica, Art. 76
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of Puerto Rico Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine., Art. 3, Section 5: It is mandatory to be able to read and write in either English or Spanish in order to be a member of the Legislative Assembly.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Panama, Art. 7
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Uruguay does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Equatorial Guinea, Art. 4
Jump up ^ "Observatori de l'Institut d'Estudis Andorrans" (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Statistical Institute of Belize: Belize Population and Housing Census 2010. Country Report. Belmopan 2013.
Jump up ^ <Constitution of Gibraltar Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Canfield, Delos Lincoln (1981). Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas. The University of Chicago Press. p. 80. The main nuclei of Spanish speech in the United States are northern New Mexico / southern Colorado, the border territories from California through Texas, the Florida peninsula, New York City, and other large cities of the Northeast and Midwest. Only one of these, the New Mexico / Colorado dialect area, has maintained linguistic continuity since colonial days, and its speech goes back to about 1600.
Jump up ^ "US now has more Spanish speakers than Spain". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
Jump up ^ Language Rights and New Mexico Statehood By the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
Jump up ^ "Más 'speak spanish' que en España". Retrieved 2007-10-06. (Spanish)
Jump up ^ Article XIV, Sec 7: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Jump up ^ "La presidenta filipina pedirá ayuda a España para oficializar el español" (in Spanish). MSN Noticias. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
Jump up ^ Legaspi, Amita O. (3 July 2012). "PNoy (President Benigno Aquino III) and Spain’s Queen Sofia welcome return of Spanish language in Philippine schools". GMA News.
Jump up ^ Medium projection, Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010, archived from the original on 11 August 2011
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Philippines, Art. 14
Jump up ^ "Como saharauis queremos conservar el español". Lavozdegalicia.es. 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Jump up ^ "EL ESPAñOL EN LOS CAMPAMENTOS DE REFUGIADOS SAHARAUIS (TINDUF, ARGELIA)" (PDF). Cvc.cervantes.es. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
^ Jump up to: a b DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. July 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Attila Narin (June 1998). "Papiamentu Facts". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ Dalby, Andrew (1998). Dictionary of Languages. Bloomsbury Publishing plc. p. 489. ISBN 0-7475-3117-X.
Jump up ^ Topping, Donald (1973). Chamorro Reference Grammar. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 6 and 7. ISBN 978-0-8248-0269-1.
Jump up ^ "Ethnologue". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010). Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. ISBN 978-90-272-5258-6.
Jump up ^ "Tijdelijke wet officiële talen BES" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Retrieved 2010-10-24. Artikel 2: De officiële talen zijn het Engels, het Nederlands en het Papiamento. (English: Article 2: The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento)
^ Jump up to: a b Número de hispanohablantes en países y territorios donde el español no es lengua oficial Archived 29 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Instituto Cervantes.
Jump up ^ "Nieuwsbrief 070313 – Papiaments officieel erkend". Nieuws.leidenuniv.nl. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
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text:
Muhammad of Ghor
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Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad
Sultan of the Ghurid Sultanate
Tomb of Muhammad of Ghor in Sohawa Tehsil, Pakistan.
Reign
1173–1202 (with his brother Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad);
(1202–1206 as sole ruler)
Predecessor
Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad
Successor
Ghor: Ghiyath ad-Din Mahmud
Ghazni: Taj ad-Din Yildiz
Delhi: Qutbu l-Din Aibak
Bengal: Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji
Multan: Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha
Born
1149
Ghor, present-day Afghanistan
Died
March 15, 1206
Dhamiak, Jhelum District, present-day Pakistan
Burial
Dhamiak, Jhelum District, present-day Pakistan
House
Ghurid dynasty
Father
Baha al-Din Sam I
Religion
Sunni Islam[1]
Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori (Persian: معز الدین محمد غوری), born Shihab ad-Din (1149 – March 15, 1206), also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202, and as the supreme ruler of the Ghurid Empire from 1202 to 1206.
Mu'izz ad-Din was one of the greatest rulers of the Ghurid dynasty, and is credited with laying the foundation of Muslim rule in South Asia, which lasted for several centuries. He reigned over a territory spanning over parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
Mu'izz ad-Din took the city of Ghazni in 1173 to avenge the death of his ancestor Muhammad ibn Suri at the hands of Mahmud of Ghazni and used it as a launching-pad for expansion into northern India.[1] In the meantime, he assisted his brother Ghiyath in his contest with the Khwarazmian Empire for the lordship of Khorasan in Western Asia. In 1175, Mu'izz captured Multan from the Hamid Ludi dynasty, which was a Pashtun but were alleged to be un-Islamic on the account of their association with Ismailite Shi'iate sect and also took Uch in 1175. He also annexed the Ghaznavid principality of Lahore in 1186, the last haven of his Persianized rivals.[1] After the death of Ghiyath in 1202, he became the successor of the Ghurid Empire and ruled until his assassination in 1206.
A confused struggle then ensued among the remaining Ghuri leaders, and the Khwarizmi were able to take over the Ghurid Sultanate in about 1215. Though the Ghurids' empire was short-lived and petty Ghurid states remained in power until the arrival of Timurids, Mu'izz's conquests laid the foundations of Muslim rule in India. Qutbu l-Din Aibak, a former slave (Mamluk) of Mu'izz, was the first Sultan of Delhi.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Early campaigns
3 Invasion of India
3.1 First Battle of Tarain
3.2 Second Battle of Tarain
3.3 Further campaigns
4 War with the Khwarezmians and supreme leader of the Ghurids
5 Final days and death
6 Succession
7 Legacy
8 References
9 Sources
10 Further reading
Early life[edit]
Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad was born in 1149 in the Ghor region of what is now Afghanistan. The exact date of his birth is unknown. His father, Baha al-Din Sam I, was the local ruler of the Ghor region at the time.[1] Mu'izz also had an elder brother named Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad. During their early life, Mu'izz and Ghiyath were imprisoned by their uncle Ala al-Din Husayn, but were later released by the latter's son Sayf al-Din Muhammad.[2] When Sayf died in 1163, the Ghurid nobles supported Ghiyath, and helped him ascend the throne. Ghiyath shortly gave Mu'izz control over Istiyan and Kajuran. However, the throne was challenged by several Ghurid chiefs; Mu'izz aided Ghiyath in defeating and killing a rival Ghurid chief named Abu'l Abbas.
Early campaigns[edit]
Ghiyath was then challenged by his uncle Fakhr al-Din Masud, who claimed the throne for himself, and had allied with Tadj al-Din Yildiz, the Seljuq governor of Herat, and Balkh.[3] However, the coalition was defeated by Ghiyath and Mu'izz at Ragh-i Zar. The brothers managed to kill the Seljuq governor during the battle, and then conquered Zamindawar, Badghis, Gharchistan, and Guzgan. Ghiyath, however, spared Fakhr al-Din and restored him as the ruler of Bamiyan. Mu'izz, after returning from an expedition from Sistan, was shortly awarded with Kandahar by his brother. In 1173, the two brothers invaded Ghazni, and defeated the Oghuz Turks who had captured the city from the Ghaznavids. Mu'izz was then appointed as the ruler of Ghazni.[3][4]
In 1175, the two brothers conquered Herat from its Seljuq governor, Baha al-Din Toghril, and also managed to conquer Pushang. The ruler of Sistan, Taj al-Din Harb ibn Muhammad, shortly acknowledged the sovereignty of the Ghurids, and so did the Oghuz Turks dominating Kirman.[5]
During the same period, the Khwarazmian Sultan Shah, who was expelled from Khwarezm by his brother Tekish, took refuge in Ghor and requested military aid from Ghiyath. Ghiyath, however, did not help the latter. Sultan Shah managed to get help from the Kara-Khitan Khanate, and began plundering the northern Ghurid domains.
Invasion of India[edit]
After having helped his brother in expanding the western frontiers of the Ghurid Empire, he began to focus on India. Mu'izz's campaign against the Qarmatians rulers of Multan in 1175 had ended in victory.[6][7] He turned south, and led his army from Multan to Uch and then across the desert towards the Chaulukya capital of Anhilwara (modern day Patan in Gujarat) in 1178. On the way, Muizz suffered a defeat at the Battle of Kayadara, during his first campaign against an Indian ruler in India.[8] Gujarat was ruled by the young Chaulukya ruler Mularaja II; the Chaulukya forces included the armies of their feudatories such as the Naddula Chahamana ruler Kelhanadeva, the Jalor Chahamana ruler Kirtipala, and the Arbuda Paramara ruler Dharavarsha. [9][10] Mu'izz's army had suffered greatly during the march across the desert, and the Chaulukyas inflicted a major defeat on him at the village of Kayadara (near to Mount Abu, about forty miles to the north-east of Anhilwara).[8] The invading army suffered heavy casualties during the battle, and also in the retreat back across the desert to Multan.[8] However, Mu'izz was able to take Peshawar and Sialkot.
In 1186, Mu'izz, along with Ghiyath, ended the Ghaznavid dynasty after having captured Lahore and executed the Ghaznavid ruler Khusrau-Malik.[3][4][11]
Mu'izz shortly returned to Ghor, and along with the rulers of Bamiyan and Sistan, aided his brother Ghiyath in defeating the forces of Sultan Shah at Merv in 1190. He also annexed most of the latter's territories in Khorasan.
First Battle of Tarain[edit]
A sign post in Sohawa pointing towards the direction of Mu'izz's Tomb
Main article: First Battle of Tarain
In 1191, Mu'izz proceeded towards Indian Sub-continent through the Khyber Pass in modern-day Pakistan and was successful in reaching Punjab. Mu'izz captured a fortress, Bathinda in present-day Punjab state on the northwestern frontier of Prithvīrāj Chauhān's kingdom. After appointing a Qazi Zia-ud-Din as governor of the fortress,[12] he received the news that Prithviraj's army, led by his vassal prince Govind Tai were on their way to besiege the fortress. The two armies eventually met near the town of Tarain, 14 miles from Thanesar in present-day Haryana. The battle was marked by the initial attack of mounted Mamluk archers to which Prithviraj responded by counter-attacking from three sides and thus dominating the battle. Mu'izz mortally wounded Govind Tai in personal combat and in the process was himself wounded, whereupon his army retreated and Prithvīrāj's army was deemed victorious.[13]
Second Battle of Tarain[edit]
Main article: Second Battle of Tarain
On his return to Ghazni, Mu'izz made preparations to avenge the defeat. According to Firishta, the Rajput army consisted of 3,000 elephants, 300,000 cavalry and infantry, most likely a gross exaggeration.[14] Minhaj-i-Siraj, stated Mu'izz brought 120,000 fully armored men to the battle in 1192.[15]
Prithviraj had called his banners but hoped to buy time as his banners (other Rajputs under him or his allies) had not arrived. Before the next day, Mu'izz attacked the Rajput army before dawn. Rajputs had a tradition of fighting from sunrise to sunset. Although they were able to quickly form formations, they suffered losses due to surprise attack before sunrise. The Rajput army was eventually defeated and Prithviraj was taken prisoner and subsequently executed.[16]
Further campaigns[edit]
When the state of Ajmer failed to fulfill the tribute demands as per the custom after a defeat, Qutbu l-Din Aibak, in 1193 took over Ajmer[17] and soon established Ghurid control in northern and central India.[18] Hindu kingdoms like Saraswati, Samana, Kohram and Hansi were captured without any difficulty. Finally his forces advanced on Delhi, capturing it soon after the Battle of Chandwar, defeating Raja Jaichand of Kannauj.[19] Within a year, Mu'izz controlled northern Rajasthan and the northern part of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab.[20] The Kingdom of Ajmer was then given over to Golā, on condition that he send regular tributes to the Ghurids.
Mu'izz returned west to Ghazni to deal with the threat to his western frontiers from the unrest in Iran, but he appointed Aibak as his regional governor for northern India. His armies, mostly under Turkic generals, continued to advance through northern India, raiding as far east as Bengal. followed by his conquest of Delhi. An army led by Qutbu l-Din Aibak, Mu'izz's deputy in India, invaded in ca. 1195–97 and plundered Anahilapataka.[21]
War with the Khwarezmians and supreme leader of the Ghurids[edit]
In 1200, Tekish died, and was succeeded by Muhammad Khan (who took the honorific name 'Ala' al-Din). Among the first to hear of this were Ghiyath and Mu'izz al-Din. Within weeks the two brothers had moved their armies westwards into Khorasan. Once they had captured Nishapur, Mu'izz al-Din was sent on an expedition towards Ray, but he let his troops get out of control and got little further than Gurgan, earning criticism from Ghiyath which led to the only reported quarrel between the brothers.[22][23]
Ghiyath died at Herat in 1202 after months of illness. Mu'izz, who had quickly returned to Ghor from India, obtained the support of Ghurid nobles, and was crowned as Sultan of the Ghurid Empire at Firuzkuh. Just after his ascension, Muhammad II invaded his domains, and besieged Herat. Mu'izz managed to repel him from Herat and then pursued him to Khwarezm, besieging Gurganj, their capital. Muhammad desperately requested aid from the Kara-Khitan Khanate, who sent an army to aid Muhammad. Mu'izz, because of the pressure from the Kara-Khitans, was forced to relieve the siege and retreat. However, on his way to his domains in Ghur, he was defeated at Andkhud in 1204.[24][25] Mu'izz, however managed to reach Ghur, and prepared a counter-attack against the Khwarmezians and Kara-Khitans. A revolt shortly broke out in Punjab and the surrounding regions, which forced Mu'izz to make order in the region before mounting a counter-attack against his enemies.
Final days and death[edit]
Muhammed Ghori's grave within his tomb near Gujar Khan, Pakistan.
In 1206, Mu'izz, having settled the affairs in India,[26] left all the affairs in India in hands of his slave Qutbu l-Din Aibak.
On his way back to Ghazni, his caravan rested at Dhamiak near Sohawa (which is near the city of Jhelum in the Punjab province of modern-day Pakistan). He was assassinated on March 15, 1206, while offering his evening prayers by Hindu Khukrains .[27]
In Indian folklore, the death of Mu'izz was caused by Prithviraj Chauhan[28] but this is not borne out by historical documents and Prithviraj died much earlier before the death of Mu'izz.[29][30][31]
Succession[edit]
A coin of Muhammad Ghori
Mu'izz had no offspring, but he treated his Turkic slaves as his sons, who were trained both as soldiers and administrators and provided with the best possible education. Many of his competent and loyal slaves rose to positions of importance in Mu'izz's army and government.
When a courtier lamented that the Sultan had no male heirs, Mu'izz retorted:
"Other monarchs may have one son, or two sons; I have thousands of sons, my Turkish slaves who will be the heirs of my dominions, and who, after me, will take care to preserve my name in the Khuṭbah (Friday sermon) throughout these territories."[this quote needs a citation]
Mu'izz's prediction proved true. After his assassination, his Empire was divided amongst his slaves. Most notably:
Qutbu l-Din Aibak became ruler of Delhi in 1206, establishing the Sultanate of Delhi, which marked the start of the Slave dynasty.[32]
Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha became ruler of Multan in 1210.
Tajuddin Yildoz became ruler of Ghazni.
Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji became ruler in parts of Bengal.
Legacy[edit]
Pakistani military named three of its medium-range ballistic missile Ghauri-I, Ghauri-II and Ghauri-III, in the memory of Mu'izz. [33]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Encyclopedia Iranica, Ghurids, C. Edmund Bosworth, Online Edition 2012, (LINK)
Jump up ^ History of Civilizations of Central Asia, C.E. Bosworth, M.S. Asimov, p. 186.
^ Jump up to: a b c The Iranian World, C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 5, ed. J. A. Boyle, John Andrew Boyle, (Cambridge University Press, 1968), 161–170.
^ Jump up to: a b Rediscovery Of India, The: A New Subcontinent By Ansar Hussain Khan, Ansar Hussain Published by Orient Longman Limited Page 54
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia Iranica, Ghaznavids, Edmund Bosworth, Online Edition 2007, (LINK)
Jump up ^ Hamid Wahed Alikuzai (2013). A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes. Trafford. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4907-1441-7.
Jump up ^ Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. 2, 244. – via Questia (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b c Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. 2, (Brill, 2002), 143. – via Questia (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 138. ISBN 9780842606189.
Jump up ^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. p. 259. OCLC 11038728.
Jump up ^ Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Encyclopedia Iranica
Jump up ^ Cambridge History (Page 40)
Jump up ^ A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol. I, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 263.
Jump up ^ Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206–1526), 25.[1]
Jump up ^ Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206–1526), 25.
Jump up ^ A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol. I, 263.
Jump up ^ Sharma, Gopi Nath (1970). Rajasthan Studies. Agra, India: Lakshmi Narain Agarwal. p. 201. OCLC 137196.
Jump up ^ Abbasi, M. Yusuf (1990). "The evolution of Muslim nationalism and the Pakistan Resolution". In Yusuf, Kaniz F.; Akhtar, Muhammad Saleem; Wasti, Syed Razi. Pakistan Resolution Revisited. Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-969-415-024-6.
Jump up ^ Kaushik Roy, Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia, (Taylor & Francis, 2013), 42.
Jump up ^ The crescent in India: a study in medieval history – Shripad Rama Sharma – Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-11.
Jump up ^ Sailendra Nath Sen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization, (New Age International, 1999), 327.
Jump up ^ Ahmad Hasan Dani et al. History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol. IV, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass Pub. (1999) ISBN 81-208-1409-6, p182
Jump up ^ Enc. Islam, article: Muhammad, Mu'izz al-Din
Jump up ^ A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle, Vol. I, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 269.
Jump up ^ Farooqui Salma Ahmed, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century, (Dorling Kindersley Pvt., 2011), 53–54.
Jump up ^ Michel Biran, The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 70.
Jump up ^ "Mu'izz-al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam (Ghurid ruler of India) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
Jump up ^ Prithviraj, a valorous hero par excellence, has been depicted in the lofty style which has been a source of inspiration to and influence on the North-Indian people. Krishnadatt Paliwal (1988) "Epic (Hindi)" In Datta, Amaresh (1988) The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature: Volume Two: Devraj to Jyoti, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, India, page 1178, ISBN 81-260-1194-7
Jump up ^ Whatever may be their arguments, one cannot deny that the Prithviraj Raso remains a great piece of Hindi literature. Luṇiyā, Bhanwarlal Nathuram (1978) Life and Culture in Medieval India Kamal Prakashan, Indore, India, page 293, OCLC 641457716
Jump up ^ Kaviraj Syamaldas (1886) "The Antiquity, Authenticity and Genuineness of the epic called the Prithviraj Rasa and commonly ascribed to Chand Bardai" Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 55, pt.1,
Jump up ^ Hoernle, A. F. R. (April 1906) "Review of Das, Syamsundar Annual Report on the search for Hindi Manuscripts (four volumes for the years 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903)" The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1906(4): pp. 497–503, page 500
Jump up ^ [2] Archived 21 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Sep 3, 2005 (2005-09-03). "Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan". Atimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-11.
Sources[edit]
C. Edmund, Bosworth (2001). "GHURIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
Further reading[edit]
John Keay (May 2001). India: A history. Grove Press; 1 Grove Pr edition. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0.
A History of India By August Friedrich Rudolf Hoernle, Herbert Alick Stark
The history of India from the earliest ages By James Talboys Wheeler
Outline of Indian history By Sri Ram Sharma
Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; published by London Trubner Company 1867–1877. (Online Copy)
Muhammad of Ghor
Ghurid dynasty
Preceded by
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad Sultan of the Ghurid Sultanate
1173–1206 Succeeded by
Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
[hide]
v
t
e
Ghurid dynasty
In Ghur (before 879–1215)
Amir Suri
Muhammad ibn Suri
Abu Ali ibn Muhammad
Abbas ibn Shith
Muhammad ibn Abbas
Qutb al-din Hasan
Izz al-Din Husayn
Sayf al-Din Suri
Baha al-Din Sam I
Ala al-Din Husayn
Sayf al-Din Muhammad
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad
Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
Baha al-Din Sam III
Ala al-Din Atsiz
Ala al-Din Ali
In Ghazni (1151-1152 and 1173–1215)
Ala al-Din Husayn
Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad
Ala al-Din Muhammad
Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
Baha al-Din Sam III
Ala al-Din Atsiz
Ala al-Din Ali
In Bamiyan (1152–1215)
Fakhr al-Din Masud
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Masud
Abbas ibn Muhammad
Baha al-Din Sam II
Jalal al-Din Ali
Minor domains
Ala al-Din Ali (Nishapur, 1200-1204)
Taj al-Din Zangi (Sarakhs, 1200-1204)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_of_Ghor&oldid=802257754"
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You Keep Me Hangin' On
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This article is about the Holland–Dozier–Holland song sung by The Supremes. For the Cliff Richard 1974 song "(You Keep Me) Hangin' On", see Cliff Richard discography.
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
Picture sleeve for US vinyl single
Single by The Supremes
from the album The Supremes Sing Holland–Dozier–Holland
B-side
"Remove This Doubt"
Released
October 12, 1966 (1966-10-12) (U.S.)
Format
7-inch 45 RPM
Recorded
June 30 and August 1, 1966
Studio
Hitsville U.S.A. (Studio A), Detroit, Michigan
Genre
Soul, pop
Length
2:47 (original release)
3:15 (remastered)
Label
Motown
Songwriter(s)
Holland–Dozier–Holland
Producer(s)
Brian Holland
Lamont Dozier
The Supremes Sing Holland–Dozier–Holland track listing
show
12 tracks
Side one
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
"You're Gone, But Always in My Heart"
"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone"
"Mother You, Smother You"
"I Guess I'll Always Love You"
"I'll Turn to Stone"
Side two
"It's the Same Old Song"
"Going Down for the Third Time"
"Love is in Our Hearts"
"Remove This Doubt"
"There's No Stopping Us Now"
"(Love Is Like a) Heat Wave"
Audio sample
file
help
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" is a 1966 song written and composed by Holland–Dozier–Holland. It first became a popular Billboard Hot 100 number one hit for the American Motown group the Supremes in late 1966. The rock band Vanilla Fudge covered the song a year later and had a top ten hit with their version. British pop singer Kim Wilde covered "You Keep Me Hangin' On" in 1986, bumping it back to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in June 1987. The single reached number one by two different musical acts in America. In the first 32 years of the Billboard Hot 100 rock era, “You Keep Me Hangin' On” became one of only six songs to achieve this feat.[1] In 1996, country music singer Reba McEntire's version reached number 2 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.
Over the years, "You Keep Me Hangin' On" has been covered by various artists including a charting version by Wilson Pickett, Rod Stewart, Colourbox, the Index and the Box Tops.
Contents
1 The Supremes original version
1.1 Background
1.2 Reception
1.3 Personnel
1.4 Chart performance
1.4.1 Weekly charts
1.4.2 Year-end charts
2 Vanilla Fudge version
2.1 Background
2.2 Personnel
2.3 Chart performance
3 Kim Wilde version
3.1 Background
3.2 Reception
3.3 Music video
3.4 Chart performance
3.4.1 Weekly charts
3.4.2 Year-end charts
4 Reba McEntire version
4.1 Background
4.2 Chart performance
5 References
6 See also
The Supremes original version[edit]
Background[edit]
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" was originally recorded in 1966 by the Supremes for the Motown label. The single is rooted in proto-funk and rhythm and blues, compared to the Supremes' previous single, "You Can't Hurry Love," which uses the call and response elements akin to gospel. The song's signature guitar part is said to have originated from a Morse code-like radio sound effect, typically used before a news announcement, heard by Lamont Dozier. Dozier collaborated with Brian and Eddie Holland to integrate the idea into a single.[2]
Many elements of the recording, including the guitars, the drums, and Diana Ross's vocals were multitracked, a production technique which was established and popularized concurrently by H-D-H and other premier producers of the 1960s such as Phil Spector (see Wall of Sound) and George Martin. H-D-H recorded the song in eight sessions with The Supremes and session band the Funk Brothers before settling on a version deemed suitable for the final release.[2]
Reception[edit]
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" was the first single taken from the Supremes' 1967 album The Supremes Sing Holland–Dozier–Holland. The song became the group's eighth number-one single when it topped the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart for two weeks in the United States from November 13, 1966, through November 27, 1966.[3][4] It peaked at number 8 in the UK Singles Chart. The Supremes original version was ranked number 339 on Rolling Stone's The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[5] It was voted number 43 on Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs, a Detroit Free Press poll in 2016.[6]
The track is one of the more oft-covered songs in the Supremes canon. They performed the song on the ABC variety program The Hollywood Palace on Saturday, October 29, 1966.[7]
Personnel[edit]
Diana Ross – lead vocals
Florence Ballard – backing vocals
Mary Wilson – backing vocals
The Funk Brothers – instrumental accompaniment
Chart performance[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1966–67)
Peak
position
U.K. Singles Chart 8
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 1
U.S. Billboard R&B Singles Chart 1
U.S. Cash Box Pop Singles Chart 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1966)
Rank
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[8] 30
Vanilla Fudge version[edit]
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
Single by Vanilla Fudge
from the album Vanilla Fudge
B-side
Take Me For A Little While[9]
Released
1967 (1967) (U.S.)
Format
7-inch 45 RPM
Recorded
1967
Genre
Psychedelic rock[10]
Length
2:59 (single edit)
7:20 (album version)
Label
Atco
Songwriter(s)
Holland-Dozier-Holland
Producer(s)
Shadow Morton
Vanilla Fudge singles chronology
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
(1967) "Eleanor Rigby"
(1967)
Background[edit]
Vanilla Fudge's 1967 psychedelic rock remake of "You Keep Me Hangin' On" reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 chart a year after the release of the Supremes' recording. While the edited version released on the 45 RPM single was under three minutes long, the album version was 7:20.[11] The recording, done in one take, was Vanilla Fudge's first single.[12]
Vanilla Fudge drummer Carmine Appice talked about the band's decision to cover the song in a 2014 interview:[13]
That was Mark and Timmy. We used to slow songs down and listen to the lyrics and try to emulate what the lyrics were dictating. That one was a hurtin’ song; it had a lot of emotion in it. “People Get Ready” was like a Gospel thing. “Eleanor Rigby” was sort of eerie and church-like …like a horror movie kind of thing. If you listen to “Hangin’ On” fast … by the Supremes, it sounds very happy, but the lyrics aren’t happy at all. If you lived through that situation, the lyrics are definitely not happy.
A similar arrangement was used by Rod Stewart on his 1977 album Foot Loose & Fancy Free. This may have, in part, been the idea of Appice, who had by then joined Stewart's band.
The Vanilla Fudge version appears in the series finale of the television show The Sopranos (2007), at the conclusion of Episode 1 of Season 7 of the show Mad Men (2015),[14] the film War Dogs (2016), and the videogame Mafia III (2016).
Personnel[edit]
Carmine Appice – drums, vocals
Tim Bogert – bass, vocals
Vince Martell – guitar, vocals
Mark Stein – lead vocals, keyboards
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1967–68)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 6
Kim Wilde version[edit]
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
Standard artwork (7-inch vinyl single pictured); the North American release uses different colours for the map background and the title design
Single by Kim Wilde
from the album Another Step
B-side
"Loving You"
Released
October 13, 1986 (1986-10-13)[15]
Format
7-inch single
12-inch single
Recorded
1986
Genre
Hi-NRG[16][17]
Length
4:15
Label
MCA
Songwriter(s)
Holland-Dozier-Holland
Producer(s)
Ricky Wilde
Music video
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" on YouTube
Background[edit]
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" was covered in an updated version by British singer Kim Wilde in 1986. Wilde's version was a total re-working of the original, completely transforming the Supremes' Motown Sound into a hi-NRG song.[18] She and her brother, producer Ricky Wilde, had not heard "You Keep Me Hangin' On" for several years when they decided to record it. The song was not a track they knew well, so they treated it as a new song, even slightly changing the original lyrics.
Reception[edit]
It was released as the second single from Wilde's Another Step studio album (although "You Keep Me Hangin' On" was the LP's first worldwide single, as the first single had been released only in selected countries). The song became the biggest hit of Wilde's career, reaching number two in her home country,[19] and number one in Australia.[20] It also became Wilde's second and last Top 40 hit in the US following "Kids in America" and is also, to date, her most successful song in that country, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week in June 1987.[21] It later ranked as the 34th biggest hit of 1987 on Billboard's Hot 100 year-end chart that year. "You Keep Me Hangin' On" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry[15] for UK sales exceeding 250,000 copies.[22]
In 2006, she performed a new version of the song with the German singer Nena for her Never Say Never album.
It has sold 265,000 copies in France. [23]
Music video[edit]
A music video was produced to promote her single.[24] Directed by Greg Masuak, the video shows Wilde in a dark room lying on a large bed. She then rises from the bed as she sings the song and finds herself being "threatened" by a strange man who is breaking down the walls around her.[25]
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1986–87)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[20] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[26] 20
Canada (RPM) 1
Denmark (Tracklisten)[27] 3
France (SNEP)[28] 19
Germany (Media Control Charts)[29] 8
Ireland (IRMA)[30] 2
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[31] 17
Norway (VG-lista)[32] 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[33] 2
UK Singles Chart[19] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[34] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1986)
Rank
UK 23
Chart (1987)
Rank
Australia (KMR)[35] 6
Canada (RPM)[36] 24
US Billboard Hot 100[37] 34
Reba McEntire version[edit]
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
Single by Reba McEntire
from the album Starting Over
Released
1996 (1996)
Format
CD single
maxi single
Genre
Country
Length
3:22
Label
MCA Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Holland-Dozier-Holland
Producer(s)
Tony Brown
Michael Omartian
Reba McEntire
Reba McEntire singles chronology
"Starting Over Again"
(1996) "You Keep Me Hangin' On"
(1996) "The Fear of Being Alone"
(1996)
Background[edit]
Country music singer Reba McEntire covered the song in 1995 for her twenty-second studio album, Starting Over. Released as the album's fourth single in 1996 on MCA Nashville Records, it was co-produced by Tony Brown and Michael Omartian. Although not released to country radio, McEntire's rendition was her only dance hit, reaching number two on Hot Dance Club Play.[38]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1996–97)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play 2
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present (5 ed.). Billboard Books. pgs 213, 667. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
^ Jump up to: a b "You Keep Me Hangin' On". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Nielsen Company. 78 (47): 30. 1966. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Nielsen Company. 78 (48): 26. 1966. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Jump up ^ Brian McCollum, "Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs" Archived 2017-08-29 at the Wayback Machine., Detroit Free Press>, June 21, 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
Jump up ^ Host: Herb Alpert (29 October 1966). "Herb Alpert/The Supremes". The Hollywood Palace. Season 4. Episode 6. Hollywood. ABC. KABC.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1966/Top 100 Songs of 1966". Musicoutfitters.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
Jump up ^ "The Vanilla Fudge* - You Keep Me Hanging On / Take Me For A Little While". Discogs. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Leeds, Sarene (April 13, 2014). "'Mad Men' Season Premiere Recap: Nowhere to Hide". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Vanilla Fudge- Vanilla Fudge Archived 2014-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 16, 2015
Jump up ^ "You Keep Me Hangin' On" Songfacts entry Archived 2006-12-30 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 18, 2007
Jump up ^ Carmine Appice Interview: The Legendary Drummer Keeps ‘Rock’ Hangin’ On Archived 2014-10-08 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 16, 2015
Jump up ^ Amy Pitt, 25 Best 'Mad Men' Musical Moments Archived 2017-08-24 at the Wayback Machine., Rolling Stone, May 15, 2015. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "BPI > Certified Awards > Search results for Kim Wilde (from bpi.co.uk)". Imgur.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Mason, Stewart. "Kim Wilde – Another Step". AllMusic. All Media Network. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Watson, Graeme (12 September 2013). "Kim Wilde Talks Pop, Parenthood and PVC". OutInPerth. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Another Step-Kim Wilde". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Charts > Kim Wilde". The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Australian Top 50 Singles Chart – Week Ending 22nd February, 1987". Imgur.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016. N.B. The Kent Report chart was licensed by ARIA between mid 1983 and 19 June 1988.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present (5 ed.). Billboard Books. pg 667. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
Jump up ^ "W/E Jan 24, 1986 (sic) – Gallup UK Singles Charts". Chartarchive.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Lesueur, InfoDisc, Daniel Lesueur, Dominic Durand,. "InfoDisc : Les Meilleurs Ventes de Chansons "Tout Temps" (45 T. / Cd Single / Téléchargement)". www.infodisc.fr. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10.
Jump up ^ "Kim Wilde - You Keep Me Hangin' On". YouTube. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "You keep me hangin' on (music video)". Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On". Tracklisten.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts > Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On (single)" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – All there is to know > Search results for 'You Keep Me Hangin' On' (from irishcharts.ie)". Imgur.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Kim Wilde – You Keep Me Hangin' On". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Billboard > Artists / Kim Wilde > Chart History > The Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (Illustrated ed.). Sydney: Australian Chart Book. p. 439. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Songs of 1987 - Billboard Year End Charts". Bobborst.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
Jump up ^ "Billboard search results for "You Keep Me Hangin' On"". Billboard. Retrieved 2009-05-13. [dead link]
See also[edit]
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1966 (U.S.)
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1987 (U.S.)
show
v
t
e
The Supremes
Diana Ross
Florence Ballard
Mary Wilson
Barbara Martin
Cindy Birdsong
Jean Terrell
Lynda Laurence
Scherrie Payne
Susaye Greene
Betty McGlown
Studio albums
Meet The Supremes (1962)
Where Did Our Love Go (1964)
More Hits by The Supremes (1965)
I Hear a Symphony (1966)
The Supremes A' Go-Go (1966)
The Supremes Sing Holland–Dozier–Holland (1967)
Reflections (1968)
Love Child (1968)
Let the Sunshine In (1969)
Cream of the Crop (1969)
Right On (1970)
New Ways but Love Stays (1970)
Touch (1971)
Floy Joy (1972)
The Supremes Produced and Arranged by Jimmy Webb (1972)
The Supremes (1975)
High Energy (1976)
Mary, Scherrie & Susaye (1976)
Collaborative albums
Diana Ross & the Supremes Join The Temptations (1968)
Together (1969)
The Magnificent 7 (1970)
The Return of the Magnificent Seven (1971)
Dynamite (1971)
Live albums
The Supremes at the Copa (1965)
Live at London's Talk of the Town (1968)
TCB (1968)
On Broadway (1969)
Farewell (1970)
The Supremes Live! In Japan (1973)
Other albums
A Bit of Liverpool (1964)
The Supremes Sing Country, Western and Pop (1965)
We Remember Sam Cooke (1965)
Merry Christmas (1965)
The Supremes Sing Rodgers & Hart (1967)
Diana Ross & the Supremes Sing and Perform "Funny Girl" (1968)
Singles
"Tears of Sorrow" (as The Primettes)
"I Want a Guy"
"Buttered Popcorn"
"Your Heart Belongs to Me"
"Let Me Go the Right Way"
"My Heart Can't Take It No More"
"A Breathtaking Guy"
"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes"
"Run, Run, Run"
"Where Did Our Love Go"
"Baby Love"
"Come See About Me"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
"Back in My Arms Again"
"The Only Time I'm Happy"
"Nothing but Heartaches"
"Things Are Changing"
"I Hear a Symphony"
"Children's Christmas Song"
"My World Is Empty Without You"
"Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart"
"You Can't Hurry Love"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone"
"The Happening"
"Reflections"
"In and Out of Love"
"Forever Came Today"
"Some Things You Never Get Used To"
"Love Child"
"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me"
"I'm Livin' in Shame"
"I'll Try Something New"
"The Composer"
"No Matter What Sign You Are"
"The Weight"
"I Second That Emotion"
"Someday We'll Be Together"
"Why (Must We Fall in Love)"
"Up the Ladder to the Roof"
"Everybody's Got the Right to Love"
"Stoned Love"
"River Deep – Mountain High"
"Nathan Jones"
"You Gotta Have Love in Your Heart"
"Touch"
"Floy Joy"
"Automatically Sunshine"
"Without the One You Love"
"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love"
"I Guess I'll Miss the Man"
"Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)"
"Bad Weather"
"Tossin' and Turnin'"
"He's My Man"
"Where Do I Go from Here"
"Early Morning Love"
"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking"
"High Energy"
"You're My Driving Wheel"
"Let Yourself Go"
"Love, I Never Knew You Could Feel So Good"
Videography
T.A.M.I. Show
Greatest Hits: Live in Amsterdam
Reflections: The Definitive Performances (1964–1969)
Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
Inspired works
Sparkle (1976 film)
Dreamgirls (musical)
Dreamgirls (film)
Sparkle (2012 film)
Related topics
Discography
Chronology
Members
FLOS
Book
Category
show
v
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e
The Box Tops
Rick Levy
Gary Talley
Bill Cunningham
Ron Krasinski
Barry Walsh
Rick Allen
Thomas Boggs
Alex Chilton
Harold Cloud
John Evans
Bobby Guidotti
Gene Houston
Rick Pipkin
Joe Savage
Swain Schaefer
Danny Smythe
Larry Spillman
Studio albums
The Letter/Neon Rainbow
Cry Like a Baby
Non-Stop
Dimensions
Tear Off!
Compilation albums
Super Hits
The Greatest Hits
The Ultimate Box Tops
The Best of the Box Tops - Soul Deep
Songs
"The Letter"
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
"Neon Rainbow"
"Cry Like a Baby"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
Related articles
Big Star
Bell Records
Sundazed Records
show
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Vanilla Fudge
Mark Stein
Vince Martell
Carmine Appice
Pete Bremy
Tim Bogert
Joey Brennan
Sal D'Nofrio
Jimmy Galluzi
Ron Mancuso
Paul Hanson
Lanny Cordola
Derek St. Holmes
Martin Gerschwitz
Tom Croucier
Bill Pascali
T.M. Stevens
Teddy Rondinelli
Mark Dolfen
Jimmyjack Tamburo
Steve Argy
John Aunel
Studio albums
Vanilla Fudge
The Beat Goes On
Renaissance
Near the Beginning
Rock & Roll
Out Through the In Door
Compilations
Best of Vanilla Fudge
Psychedelic Sundae – The Best of Vanilla Fudge
Singles
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
"Season of the Witch"
"Some Velvet Morning"
Related artists
Cactus
Beck, Bogert & Appice
Blue Murder
King Kobra
show
v
t
e
Kim Wilde
Studio albums
Kim Wilde
Select
Catch as Catch Can
Teases & Dares
Another Step
Close
Love Moves
Love Is
Now & Forever
Never Say Never
Come Out and Play
Snapshots
Wilde Winter Songbook
Remix albums
The Remix Collection
Compilations
The Very Best of Kim Wilde
The Singles Collection 1981–1993
The Very Best of Kim Wilde
The Hits Collection
Singles
"Kids in America"
"Chequered Love"
"Water on Glass"
"Cambodia"
"View from a Bridge"
"Child Come Away"
"Love Blonde"
"Dancing in the Dark"
"House of Salome"
"The Second Time"
"The Touch"
"Rage to Love"
"Schoolgirl"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
"Another Step (Closer to You)"
"Say You Really Want Me"
"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
"Hey Mister Heartache"
"You Came"
"Never Trust a Stranger"
"Four Letter Word"
"Love in the Natural Way"
"It's Here"
"Time"
"Can't Get Enough (Of Your Love)"
"I Can't Say Goodbye"
"World in Perfect Harmony"
"Love Is Holy"
"Heart over Mind"
"Who Do You Think You Are"
"Million Miles Away"
"If I Can't Have You"
"In My Life"
"Kids in America 1994"
"Breakin' Away"
"This I Swear"
"Shame"
"Loved"
"Born to Be Wild"
"Anyplace, Anywhere, Anytime"
"You Came (2006)"
"Perfect Girl"
"Together We Belong"
"Baby Obey Me"
"It's Alright"
"Sleeping Satellite"
"To France"
"Ever Fallen in Love"
"F U Kristmas!"
Related articles
Discography
Marty Wilde
Ricky Wilde
Book
show
v
t
e
Reba McEntire 1990s singles
Sweet Sixteen
"Walk On"
Rumor Has It
"You Lie"
"Rumor Has It"
"Fancy"
"Fallin' Out of Love"
For My Broken Heart
"For My Broken Heart"
"Is There Life Out There"
"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
"The Greatest Man I Never Knew"
It's Your Call
"Take It Back"
"The Heart Won't Lie" (with Vince Gill)
"It's Your Call"
Greatest Hits Volume Two
"Does He Love You" (with Linda Davis)
"They Asked About You"
Read My Mind
"Why Haven't I Heard from You"
"She Thinks His Name Was John"
"Till You Love Me"
"The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter"
"And Still"
Starting Over
"On My Own"
"Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands"
"Starting Over Again"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
What If It's You
"The Fear of Being Alone"
"How Was I to Know"
"I'd Rather Ride Around with You"
"What If It's You"
If You See Him
"If You See Him/If You See Her" (with Brooks & Dunn)
"Forever Love"
"Wrong Night"
"One Honest Heart"
So Good Together
"What Do You Say"
Other songs
"What If"
Guest singles
"Oklahoma Swing" (with Vince Gill)
show
v
t
e
Holland–Dozier–Holland
Brian Holland
Lamont Dozier
Eddie Holland
Songs
1962
"Dearest One"
"Old Love (Let's Try It Again)"
"Darling, I Hum Our Song"
1963
"Leaving Here"
"Locking Up My Heart"
"What Goes Up Must Come Down" / "Come on Home"
"Tie a String Around Your Finger"
"Come and Get These Memories" / "Jealous Lover"
"You Lost the Sweetest Boy"
"Heat Wave" / "A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)"
"(He Won't Be True) Little Girl Blue"
"Mickey's Monkey"
"Too Hurt to Cry, Too Much in Love to Say Goodbye" / "Come on Home"
"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes" / "Standing at the Crossroads of Love"
"I Gotta Dance to Keep From Crying"
"Quicksand" / "Darling I Hum Our Song"
"Live Wire" / "Old Love (Let's Try It Again)"
"Run, Run, Run" / "I'm Giving You Your Freedom"
"Can I Get a Witness"
1964
"A Tear from a Woman's Eyes"
"My Lady Bug Stay Away from That Beatle"
"Like a Nightmare" / "If You Were Mine"
"In My Lonely Room"
"Just Ain't Enough Love"
"Where Did Our Love Go"
"Baby Don't You Do It"
"Guarantee for a Lifetime"
"Baby I Need Your Loving" / "Call on Me"
"Candy to Me" / "If You Don't Want My Love"
"Whisper You Love Me Boy"
"Baby Love" / "Ask Any Girl"
"Come See About Me" / (You're Gone But) Always in My Heart"
"Without the One You Love (Life's Not Worth While)" / "Love has Gone"
"You're a Wonderful One"
"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)"
1965
"Where Did You Go"
"Stop! In the Name of Love" / "I'm in Love Again"
"You've Been a Long Time Coming"
"Who Could Ever Doubt My Love"
"Nowhere to Run"
"Back in My Arms Again" / "Whisper You Love Me Boy"
"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)"
"The Only Time I'm Happy"
"Mother Dear" / "He Holds His Own"
"Nothing but Heartaches" / "He Holds His Own"
"Love (Makes Me Do Foolish Things)"
"It's the Same Old Song" / "Your Love Is Amazing"
"Mother Dear" / "Who Could Ever Doubt My Love"
"I Hear a Symphony" / "Who Could Ever Doubt My Love"
"Something About You"
"Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While)"
"Darling Baby"
"There's a Ghost in My House"
1966
"(I'm a) Roadrunner"
"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)"
"Ask any Man"
"My World Is Empty Without You"
"Put Yourself in My Place"
"There's No Love Left"
"Shake Me, Wake Me (When It's Over)" / "Just as Long as You Need Me"
"Helpless" / "A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)"
"Call on Me"
"Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart" / "He's All I Got"
"Who Could Ever Doubt My Love"
"I Like Everything About You"
"I Guess I'll Always Love You"
"Nothing but Soul"
"Love's Gone Bad" / "Put Yourself in My Place"
"You Can't Hurry Love" / "Put Yourself in My Place"
"Little Darling (I Need You)"
"Reach Out I'll Be There" / "Until You Love Someone"
"Stay in My Lonely Arms"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" / "I Wanna Mother You, Smother You With Love"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" / "Remove This Doubt"
"Standing in the Shadows of Love" / Since You've Been Gone"
"I'm Ready for Love"
"(Come 'Round Here) I'm the One You Need"
"Heaven Must Have Sent You"
1967
"Just One Last Look"
"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone" / There's No Stopping Us Now"
"Your Love Is Amazing"
"Jimmy Mack" / "Third Finger, Left Hand"
"Bernadette" / "I Got a Feeling"
"My World Is Empty Without You"
"The Happening" / "All I Know About You"
"Just Ain't Enough Love"
"7-Rooms of Gloom" / "I'll Turn to Stone"
"I Understand My Man"
"Your Unchanging Love" / "I'll Take Care of You"
"Reflections" / "Going Down for the Third Time"
"One Way Out"
"You Keep Me Running Away" / "If You Don't Want My Love"
"I Got a Feeling"
"In and Out of Love" / "I Guess I'll Always Love You"
1968
"Whisper You Love Me Boy"
"Forever Came Today"
"I'm in a Different World"
1969
"We've Got a Way Out Love"
"Crumbs off the Table"
1970
"Give Me Just a Little More Time"
"(You've Got Me) Dangling on a String"
"Everything's Tuesday"
"Band of Gold"
"Westbound #9"
1972
"The Day I Found Myself"
"Don't Leave Me Starvin' for Your Love"
"Why Can't We Be Lovers"
1973
"You're Gonna Need Me"
1975
"We're Almost There"
"Just a Little Bit of You"
"Early Morning Love"
"Where Do I Go from Here"
1976
"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking"
"High Energy"
"Let Yourself Go"
1982
"We Can Never Light That Old Flame Again"
Related
topics
Motown
Hot Wax Records
Invictus Records
List of songs written by Holland, Dozier and Holland
show
v
t
e
Colourbox
Steven Young
Martyn Young
Ian Robbins
Lorita Grahame
Debian Curry
Studio albums
Colourbox (mini-album)
Colourbox (full length album)
Colourbox MAD 509 (mini-album)
Compilation album
Lonely Is an Eyesore
Singles
"Pump Up the Volume" (collaboration with A.R. Kane as MARRS)
Songs
"You Keep Me Hangin On" (cover of Holland–Dozier–Holland song)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Keep_Me_Hangin%27_On&oldid=846299899"
Categories:
1966 songs
1966 singles
1967 singles
1986 singles
1987 singles
1996 singles
The Supremes songs
Wilson Pickett songs
Rod Stewart songs
Kim Wilde songs
Jackie DeShannon songs
Reba McEntire songs
Blake Lewis songs
Rockell songs
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Number-one singles in Norway
Number-one singles in Australia
Debut singles
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Motown singles
MCA Records singles
MCA Nashville Records singles
Atco Records singles
Song recordings produced by Brian Holland
Song recordings produced by Lamont Dozier
Songs written by Holland–Dozier–Holland
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 German-language sources (de)
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from September 2010
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Singlechart usages for Austria
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