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Water distribution on Earth
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A graphical distribution of the locations of water on Earth
Water is distributed across earth. Most water in the Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from the world ocean's saline seawater, while freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of the total. Because the oceans that cover roughly 78% of the area of the Earth reflect blue light, the Earth appears blue from space, and is often referred to as the blue planet and the Pale Blue Dot. An estimated 1.5 to 11 times the amount of water in the oceans may be found hundreds of miles deep within the Earth's interior, although not in liquid form.
The oceanic crust is young, thin and dense, with none of the rocks within it dating from any older than the breakup of Pangaea. Because water is much denser than any gas, this means that water will flow into the "depressions" formed as a result of the high density of oceanic crust. (On a planet like Venus, with no water, the depressions appear to form a vast plain above which rise plateaux). Since the low density rocks of the continental crust contain large quantities of easily eroded salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, salt has, over billions of years, accumulated in the oceans as a result of evaporation returning the fresh water to land as rain and snow.
As a result, the vast bulk of the water on Earth is regarded as saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received from surrounding land. In all, water from oceans and marginal seas, saline groundwater and water from saline closed lakes amount to over 97% of the water on Earth, though no closed lake stores a globally significant amount of water. Saline groundwater is seldom considered except when evaluating water quality in arid regions.
The remainder of the Earth's water constitutes the planet's fresh water resource. Typically, fresh water is defined as water with a salinity of less than 1 percent that of the oceans - i.e. below around 0.35‰. Water with a salinity between this level and 1‰ is typically referred to as marginal water because it is marginal for many uses by humans and animals. The ratio of salt water to fresh water on Earth is around 40 to 1.
The planet's fresh water is also very unevenly distributed. Although in warm periods such as the Mesozoic and Paleogene when there were no glaciers anywhere on the planet all fresh water was found in rivers and streams, today most fresh water exists in the form of ice, snow, groundwater and soil moisture, with only 0.3% in liquid form on the surface. Of the liquid surface fresh water, 87% is contained in lakes, 11% in swamps, and only 2% in rivers. Small quantities of water also exist in the atmosphere and in living beings. Of these sources, only river water is generally valuable.
Most lakes are in very inhospitable regions such as the glacial lakes of Canada, Lake Baikal in Russia, Lake Khövsgöl in Mongolia, and the African Great Lakes. The North American Great Lakes, which contain 21% of the world's fresh water by volume,[2][3][4] are the exception. They are located in a hospitable region, which is heavily populated. The Great Lakes Basin is home to 33 million people.[5] The Canadian cities of Toronto, Hamilton, Ontario, St. Catharines, Niagara, Oshawa, Windsor, and Barrie, and the United States cities of Duluth, Milwaukee, Chicago, Gary, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, and Rochester, are all located on shores of the Great Lakes.
Although the total volume of groundwater is known to be much greater than that of river runoff, a large proportion of this groundwater is saline and should therefore be classified with the saline water above. There is also a lot of fossil groundwater in arid regions that has never been renewed for thousands of years; this must not be seen as renewable water.
However, fresh groundwater is of great value, especially in arid countries such as India. Its distribution is broadly similar to that of surface river water, but it is easier to store in hot and dry climates because groundwater storages are much more shielded from evaporation than are dams. In countries such as Yemen, groundwater from erratic rainfall during the rainy season is the major source of irrigation water.
Because groundwater recharge is much more difficult to accurately measure than surface runoff, groundwater is not generally used in areas where even fairly limited levels of surface water are available. Even today, estimates of total groundwater recharge vary greatly for the same region depending on what source is used, and cases where fossil groundwater is exploited beyond the recharge rate (including the Ogallala Aquifer[6]) are very frequent and almost always not seriously considered when they were first developed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Distribution of saline and fresh water
2 Distribution of river water
3 Area, volume, and depth of the world ocean
4 Variability of water availability
5 Water in Earth's mantle
6 See also
7 References
Distribution of saline and fresh water[edit]
The total volume of water on Earth is estimated at 1.386 billion km³ (333 million cubic miles), with 97.5% being salt water and 2.5% being fresh water. Of the fresh water, only 0.3% is in liquid form on the surface.[7][8][9] In addition, the lower mantle of inner earth may hold as much as 5 times more water than all surface water combined (all oceans, all lakes, all rivers).[10]
Source of water
Volume of water
in km³ (cu mi)
% total
water
% salt
water
% fresh
water
% liquid surface
fresh water
Oceans 7018133800000000000♠1,338,000,000 (321,000,000) 96.5 99.0
Pacific Ocean 7017669880000000000♠669,880,000 (160,710,000) 48.3 49.6
Atlantic Ocean 7017310410900000000♠310,410,900 (74,471,500) 22.4 23.0
Indian Ocean 7017264000000000000♠264,000,000 (63,000,000) 19.0 19.5
Southern Ocean 7016718000000000000♠71,800,000 (17,200,000) 5.18 5.31
Arctic Ocean 7016187500000000000♠18,750,000 (4,500,000) 1.35 1.39
Ice and snow 7016243640000000000♠24,364,000 (5,845,000) 1.76 69.6
Glaciers 7016240640000000000♠24,064,000 (5,773,000) 1.74 68.7
Antarctic ice sheet 7016216000000000000♠21,600,000 (5,200,000) 1.56 61.7
Greenland ice sheet 7015234000000000000♠2,340,000 (560,000) 0.17 6.68
Arctic islands 7013835000000000000♠83,500 (20,000) 0.006 0.24
Mountain ranges 7013406000000000000♠40,600 (9,700) 0.003 0.12
Ground ice and permafrost 7014300000000000000♠300,000 (72,000) 0.022 0.86
Groundwater 7016234000000000000♠23,400,000 (5,600,000) 1.69
Saline groundwater 7016128700000000000♠12,870,000 (3,090,000) 0.93 0.95
Fresh groundwater 7016105300000000000♠10,530,000 (2,530,000) 0.76 30.1
Soil moisture 7013165000000000000♠16,500 (4,000) 0.0012 0.047
Lakes 7014176400000000000♠176,400 (42,300) 0.013
Saline lakes 7013854000000000000♠85,400 (20,500) 0.0062 0.0063
Caspian Sea 7013782000000000000♠78,200 (18,800) 0.0056 0.0058
Other saline lakes 7012720000000000000♠7,200 (1,700) 0.00052 0.00053
Fresh water lakes 7013910000000000000♠91,000 (22,000) 0.0066 0.26 87.0
African Great Lakes 7013300700000000000♠30,070 (7,210) 0.0022 0.086 28.8
Lake Baikal 7013236150000000000♠23,615 (5,666) 0.0017 0.067 22.6
North American Great Lakes 7013221150000000000♠22,115 (5,306) 0.0016 0.063 21.1
Other fresh water lakes 7013152000000000000♠15,200 (3,600) 0.0011 0.043 14.5
Atmosphere 7013129000000000000♠12,900 (3,100) 0.00093 0.037
Swamps 7013114700000000000♠11,470 (2,750) 0.00083 0.033 11.0
Rivers 7012212000000000000♠2,120 (510) 0.00015 0.0061 2.03
Biological water 7012112000000000000♠1,120 (270) 0.000081 0.0032
Distribution of river water[edit]
The total volume of water in rivers is estimated at 2,120 km³ (510 cubic miles), or 2% of the surface fresh water on Earth.[7] Rivers and basins are often compared not according to their static volume, but to their flow of water, or surface runoff. The distribution of river runoff across the Earth's surface is very uneven.
Continent or region
River runoff (km³/year)
Percent of world total
North America 7,800 17.9
South America 12,000 27.6
Europe 2,900 6.7
Middle East and North Africa 140 0.3
Sub-Saharan Africa 4,000 9.2
Asia (excluding Middle East) 13,300 30.6
Australia 440 1.0
Oceania 6,500 14.9
There can be huge variations within these regions. For example, as much as a quarter of Australia's limited renewable fresh water supply is found in almost uninhabited Cape York Peninsula.[11] Also, even in well-watered continents, there are areas that are extremely short of water, such as Texas in North America, whose renewable water supply totals only 26 km³/year in an area of 695,622 km², or South Africa, with only 44 km³/year in 1,221,037 km².[11] The areas of greatest concentration of renewable water are:
The Amazon and Orinoco Basins (a total of 6,500 km³/year or 15 percent of global runoff)
East Asia
Yangtze Basin - 1,000 km³/year
South and Southeast Asia, with a total of 8,000 km³/year or 18 percent of global runoff
Brahmaputra Basin - 900 km³/year
Irrawaddy Basin - 500 km³/year
Mekong Basin - 450 km³/year
Canada, with over 10 percent of world's river water and large numbers in lakes
Mackenzie River - over 250 km³/year
Yukon River - over 150 km³/year
Siberia
Yenisey - over 5% of world's fresh water in basin - second largest after the Amazon
Ob River - over 500 km³/year
Lena River - over 450 km³/year
New Guinea
Fly and Sepik Rivers - total over 300 km³/year in only about 150,000 km² of basin area.
Area, volume, and depth of the world ocean[edit]
Body of Water
Area (106 km2)
Volume (106 km3)
Mean Depth (m)
Atlantic Ocean 82.4 323.6 3,926
Pacific Ocean 165.2 707.6 4,282
Indian Ocean 73.4 291.0 3,963
All oceans and seas 361 1,370 3,796
Variability of water availability[edit]
Variability of water availability is important both for the functioning of aquatic species and also for the availability of water for human use: water that is only available in a few wet years must not be considered renewable. Because most global runoff comes from areas of very low climatic variability, the total global runoff is generally of low variability.
Indeed, even in most arid zones, there tends to be few problems with variability of runoff because most usable sources of water come from high mountain regions which provide highly reliable glacier melt as the chief source of water, which also comes in the summer peak period of high demand for water. This historically aided the development of many of the great civilizations of ancient history, and even today allows for agriculture in such productive areas as the San Joaquin Valley.
However, in Australia and Southern Africa, the story is different. Here, runoff variability is much higher than in other continental regions of the world with similar climates.[12] Typically temperate (Köppen climate classification C) and arid (Köppen climate classification B) climate rivers in Australia and Southern Africa have as much as three times the coefficient of variation of runoff of those in other continental regions.[13] The reason for this is that, whereas all other continents have had their soils largely shaped by Quaternary glaciation and mountain building, soils of Australia and Southern Africa have been largely unaltered since at least the early Cretaceous and generally since the previous ice age in the Carboniferous. Consequently, available nutrient levels in Australian and Southern African soils tend to be orders of magnitude lower than those of similar climates in other continents, and native flora compensate for this through much higher rooting densities (e.g. proteoid roots) to absorb minimal phosphorus and other nutrients. Because these roots absorb so much water, runoff in typical Australian and Southern African rivers does not occur until about 300 mm (12 inches) or more of rainfall has occurred. In other continents, runoff will occur after quite light rainfall due to the low rooting densities.
Climate type (Köppen[14])
Mean annual rainfall
Typical runoff ratio
for Australia and Southern Africa
Typical runoff ratio
for rest of the world
BWh 250 mm (10 inches) 1 percent (2.5 mm) 10 percent (25 mm)
BSh (on Mediterranean fringe) 350 mm (14 inches) 3 percent (12 mm) 20 percent (80 mm)
Csa 500 mm (20 inches) 5 percent (25 mm) 35 percent (175 mm)
Caf 900 mm (36 inches) 15 percent (150 mm) 45 percent (400 mm)
Cb 1100 mm (43 inches) 25 percent (275 mm) 70 percent (770 mm)
The consequence of this is that many rivers in Australia and Southern Africa (as compared to extremely few in other continents) are theoretically impossible to regulate because rates of evaporation from dams mean a storage sufficiently large to theoretically regulate the river to a given level would actually allow very little draft to be used. Examples of such rivers include those in the Lake Eyre Basin. Even for other Australian rivers, a storage three times as large is needed to provide a third the supply of a comparable climate in southeastern North America or southern China. It also affects aquatic life, favouring strongly those species able to reproduce rapidly after high floods so that some will survive the next drought.
Tropical (Köppen climate classification A) climate rivers in Australia and Southern Africa do not, in contrast, have markedly lower runoff ratios than those of similar climates in other regions of the world. Although soils in tropical Australia and southern Africa are even poorer than those of the arid and temperate parts of these continents, vegetation can use organic phosphorus or phosphate dissolved in rainwater as a source of the nutrient. In cooler and drier climates these two related sources tend to be virtually useless, which is why such specialised means are needed to extract the most minimal phosphorus.
There are other isolated areas of high runoff variability, though these are basically due to erratic rainfall rather than different hydrology. These include:[13]
Southwest Asia
The Brazilian Nordeste
The Great Plains of the United States
Water in Earth's mantle[edit]
It is estimated an additional 1.5 to eleven times the amount of water in the oceans is contained in the Earth's interior,[15] and some scientists have hypothesized that the water in the mantle is part of a "whole-Earth water cycle".[16] The water in the mantle is dissolved in various minerals near the transition zone between Earth's upper and lower mantle. At temperatures of 1,100 °C (2,010 °F) and extreme pressures found deep underground, water breaks down into hydroxyls and oxygen.[17] The existence of water was experimentally predicted in 2002,[18] and direct evidence of the water was found in 2014 based on tests on a sample of ringwoodite.[19] Further evidence for large quantities of water in the mantle was found in observations of melting in the transition zone from the USArray project.[20] Liquid water is not present within the ringwoodite, rather the components of water (hydrogen and oxygen) are held within as hydroxide ions.[19]
See also[edit]
Deficit irrigation
Water resource management
Magmatic water
References[edit]
Jump up ^ USGS - Earth's water distribution
Jump up ^ "Great Lakes – U.S. EPA". Epa.gov. 2006-06-28. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
Jump up ^ "LUHNA Chapter 6: Historical Landcover Changes in the Great Lakes Region". Biology.usgs.gov. 2003-11-20. Archived from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
Jump up ^ Ghassemi, Fereidoun (2007). Inter-basin water transfer. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86969-2.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-11-01. Retrieved 2015-10-29.
Jump up ^ Reisner, Marc; Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water; pp. 438-442. ISBN 0-14-017824-4
^ Jump up to: a b Where is Earth's water?, United States Geological Survey.
Jump up ^ Eakins, B.W. and G.F. Sharman, Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO, 2010.
Jump up ^ Water in Crisis: Chapter 2, Peter H. Gleick, Oxford University Press, 1993.
Jump up ^ Harder, Ben. "Inner Earth May Hold More Water Than the Seas". National Geographic. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, J. A. H.; Australia’s surface water resources. ISBN 978-0-644-02617-8.
Jump up ^ McMahon, T.A. and Finlayson, B.L.; Global Runoff: Continental Comparisons of Annual Flows and Peak Discharges. ISBN 3-923381-27-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Peel, Murray C.; McMahon, Thomas A. & Finlayson, Brian L. (2004). "Continental differences in the variability of annual runoff: update and reassessment". Journal of Hydrology. 295 (1–4): 185–197. Bibcode:2004JHyd..295..185P. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.004.
Jump up ^ This section uses a slightly modified version of the Köppen system found in The Times Atlas of the World, 7th edition. ISBN 0-7230-0265-7
Jump up ^ Crocket, Christopher (5 September 2015). "Quest to trace origin of Earth's water is 'a complete mess'". Science News. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Melissa Davey (12 Jun 2014). "Earth may have underground 'ocean' three times that on surface". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 Mar 2015.
Jump up ^ "Earth found hiding huge reservoirs of water 400 miles below...but not water as we know it : SCIENCE : Tech Times". Tech Times. 16 June 1015. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Ben Harder (7 Mar 2002). "Inner Earth May Hold More Water Than the Seas". National Geographic. Retrieved 13 Mar 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Becky Oskin (12 Mar 2014). "Rare Diamond Confirms That Earth's Mantle Holds an Ocean's Worth of Water". Scientific American. Retrieved 13 Mar 2015.
Jump up ^ HENRY FOUNTAIN (6 Jun 2014). "The Earth's Hidden Ocean". New York Times. Retrieved 13 Mar 2015.
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Trans-Siberian Orchestra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Trans-Siberian Orchestra
Trans-Siberian Orchestra performing live in November 2006
Background information
Also known as
TSO
Origin
Tampa, Florida, United States
Genres
Symphonic metal[1][2]
progressive rock[1][3]
heavy metal[1]
Christmas[1]
hard rock[1]
Years active
1996 (1996)–present
Labels
Lava
Atlantic
Rhino
Republic
Associated acts
Savatage
Jon Oliva's Pain
Website
trans-siberian.com
Trans-Siberian Orchestra (TSO[4]) is an American rock band founded around 1993 by producer, composer, and lyricist Paul O'Neill, who brought together Jon Oliva and Al Pitrelli (both members of Savatage) and keyboardist and co-producer Robert Kinkel to form the core of the creative team. The band gained in popularity when they began touring in 1999 after completing their second album, The Christmas Attic, the year previous. In 2007, the Washington Post referred to them as "an arena-rock juggernaut" and described their music as "Pink Floyd meets Yes and The Who at Radio City Music Hall."[5] TSO has sold more than 10 million concert tickets and over 10 million albums.[4][6] The band has released a series of rock operas: Christmas Eve and Other Stories, The Christmas Attic, Beethoven's Last Night, The Lost Christmas Eve, their two-disc Night Castle and Letters From the Labyrinth.[4] Trans-Siberian Orchestra is also known for their extensive charity work and elaborate concerts, which include a string section, a light show, lasers, "enough pyro to be seen from the International Space Station",[7] moving trusses, video screens, and effects synchronized to music.[3]
Both Billboard Magazine and Pollstar have ranked them as one of the top ten ticket-selling bands in the first decade of the new millennium.[8][9] Their path to success was unusual in that TSO is the first major rock band to go straight to theaters and arenas, having never played at a club, never having an opening act and never being an opening act.[10] O'Neill died on April 5, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Origins and formation
1.2 Christmas Eve and Other Stories and The Christmas Attic (1996–1998; 2014)
1.3 Beethoven's Last Night (1999–2000, 2012)
1.4 The Lost Christmas Eve (2004, 2013)
1.5 Night Castle (2009–2011)
1.6 Dreams of Fireflies (2012)
1.7 Tales of Winter: Selections from the TSO Rock Operas (2013)
1.8 Who I Am
1.9 Merry Christmas Rabbi
1.10 Deaths and 2017 tour
2 TSO's influence
2.1 Bands influenced
2.2 Fireworks displays
2.3 Lighting displays
2.4 Philanthropic activities
2.5 Fans and crew
3 Touring
3.1 Wacken Open Air Festival 2015
4 List of touring performers
5 Discography
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Origins and formation[edit]
Paul O'Neill has managed and produced rock bands including Aerosmith, Humble Pie, AC/DC, Joan Jett, and Scorpions, later producing and co-writing albums by the progressive metal band Savatage, where he began working with Jon Oliva (who had left Savatage to spend time with his family and take care of personal matters), Al Pitrelli and Robert Kinkel. O'Neill took his first steps into rock music in the 1970s when he started the progressive rock band Slowburn, for whom he was the lyricist and co-composer. What was intended to be the band's debut album was recorded at Jimi Hendrix's Electric Lady Studios and engineered by Dave Wittman. Although Wittman's engineering was capturing the exact sound O'Neill was hearing in his head, O'Neill was having trouble with it because many of his melodies were between two and three octaves. Rather than releasing an album that he was not happy with, he shelved the project, but continued working in the industry at Contemporary Communications Corporation (also known as Leber & Krebs), company at the time.[citation needed]
Over the years, O'Neill continued to work as a writer, producer, manager, and concert promoter. In 1996, he accepted Atlantic Records' offer to start his own band.[11] He built the band on a foundation created by the marriage of classical and rock music and the artists he idolized (Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Queen, Yes, The Who, and Pink Floyd, and hard rock bands such as Aerosmith and Led Zeppelin and the multiple lead vocalists of the R&B groups the Temptations and the Four Tops).[12] He brought in Oliva, Kinkel, and Pitrelli to help start the project. O'Neill has stated, "My original concept was six rock operas, a trilogy about Christmas and maybe one or two regular albums."[13]
In the 1980s I was fortunate enough to have visited Russia. If anyone has ever seen Siberia, it is incredibly beautiful but incredibly harsh and unforgiving as well. The one thing that everyone who lives there has in common that runs across it in relative safety is the Trans-Siberian Railway. Life, too, can be incredibly beautiful but also incredibly harsh and unforgiving, and the one thing that we all have in common that runs across it in relative safety is music. It was a little bit overly philosophical, but it sounded different, and I like the initials, TSO.[citation needed]
Christmas Eve and Other Stories and The Christmas Attic (1996–1998; 2014)[edit]
Their debut album, the first installment of the intended Christmas Trilogy, was a rock opera called Christmas Eve and Other Stories, and was released in 1996.[12] It remains among their best-selling albums. It contains the instrumental "Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24" which originally appeared on Savatage's rock opera, Dead Winter Dead, a story about the Bosnian War. Their 1998 release The Christmas Attic, the sequel to Christmas Eve and Other Stories followed a similar format. This album produced the hit "Christmas Canon," a take on Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D major with lyrics and new melodies added. The Christmas Attic was first performed live in 2014.
Beethoven's Last Night (1999–2000, 2012)[edit]
Beethoven's Last Night was completed prior to Christmas Attic but not turned in to Atlantic Records until 1999 for release in 2000. The story begins when Mephistopheles appears before Beethoven, whom Paul O'Neill refers to as "the world's first Heavy Metal Rock Star",[14][15] to collect the great composer's soul. Of course Beethoven is horrified at the thought of eternal damnation, but the devil has an offer and the bargaining begins. There are numerous plot twist including the fate of his music and the ending is based on a true but little known fact about Beethoven. Also in 1998, at the request of Scott Shannon of WPLJ they performed live for the first time in a charity concert for Blythedale Children's Hospital. In 1999, at the urging of Bill Louis, a DJ for WNCX in Cleveland, they did their first tour, during which they debuted sections of Beethoven's Last Night. They performed the album in its entirety for the first time during the spring tour of 2010. In October 2011, Beethoven's Last Night was released in Europe to coincide with their European tour with new cover art by Greg Hildebrandt and the missing pages of poetry from the original release.
The Mephistopheles songs are sung by Jon Oliva.[16]
To coincide with the 2012 spring tour, Beethoven's Last Night: The Complete Narrated Version, was released by Atlantic/Rhino/Warner Brothers Record.[17][18] This two-disc deluxe edition includes all of the music from the original release and, for the first time, the narration featured during live performances of the album. It comes packaged with a booklet filled with Hildebrandt's illustrations of the story, plus the full lyrics and narration. The narration is performed by Bryan Hicks, who has been handling the live narration on the tours for this album. Creator Paul O'Neill explains, "This is how I have always envisioned the story being experienced. Where the listener can relax, close their eyes and within minutes be wandering the streets of 1800s Vienna with Beethoven on the last great adventure of his life."[19]
The Lost Christmas Eve (2004, 2013)[edit]
Whenever the band was off the road they returned to the studio and in 2004 completed The Lost Christmas Eve, the final installment of the Christmas Trilogy. It is a story of loss and redemption that encompasses a rundown hotel, an old toy store, a blues bar, a Gothic Cathedral and their respective inhabitant all intertwined on a single enchanted Christmas Eve in New York City. The next year they combined all three Christmas albums and released them in a box set titled The Christmas Trilogy, which also contained a DVD of their 1999 TV special The Ghosts of Christmas Eve[20] (Each of the albums still continue to be available individually.) The Lost Christmas Eve was first performed live in 2012 followed by a encore tour in 2013.[21] Critics once again called it "stunning showmanship"[22] "that included every trick known to man kind including massive pyro, spectacular lasers, stages that hover over the audience, hot back up singers all the while constantly connecting with their audience."[23]
Trans-Siberian Orchestra – "Wizards in Winter" (2004)
"Wizards in Winter" exhibits the rock orchestra style of Trans-Siberian Orchestra.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Night Castle (2009–2011)[edit]
After another few years of touring, Night Castle, Trans-Siberian Orchestra's fifth album, was released on October 27, 2009 well received by fans and critics alike. It debuted at #5 on the Billboard Album Charts.[24] It was certified gold in eight weeks and is now platinum. "Their most ambitious and adventurous work to date. It runs the gamut from hard rock to classical taking the listener on a journey through history detailing the triumphs and follies of man but is ultimately a story of transformation and love."[25] Initially intended to be their first regular, non rock opera, consisting of ten stand alone songs album, O'Neill credits Jon Oliva persistence that it was too early for such a move and that the fifth album had to be a rock opera. Insisting that "TSO was not like any other band and that the fans expected a story. It was a little bit of a role reversal because when we were working in Savatage, I was always wanting to do a concept record."[26] The two-disc set includes a version of "O Fortuna" from Carmina Burana by Carl Orff, which was previewed live by the band during their 2004–2008 tours. An MP3 version of the album released through Amazon.com contains an additional track entitled "The Flight of Cassandra."[27][28]>
The first half is a rock opera about a seven-year-old child on a beach who meets a stranger from New York City who tells her a story that takes her all around the world and through time where she encounters various characters, many of which are based on historical individuals such as Desiderius Erasmus. The second half pays homage to Trans-Siberian Orchestra's influences. It also contains new versions of several Savatage songs as well as "Nut Rocker," originally by B. Bumble and the Stingers and previously made famous by Emerson, Lake & Palmer, featuring Greg Lake on bass guitar.
In February 2011, Night Castle was released in Europe with two live bonus tracks ("Requiem" and "Toccata-Carpimus Noctem") added. Both live tracks were recorded on the 2010 spring tour at the Verizon Theatre at Grand Prairie, in Texas. Metal Kaoz, reviewed it as a two-hour plus double rock opera CD with, "no filler" that flows smoothly. "The classical layers meet the beauty of Metal music and form the fine blend... a wide range of emotions and musical colors...tracks that will blow your mind. Hit play and wander freely in TSO's, Night Castle."
Dreams of Fireflies (2012)[edit]
On October 30, 2012 Trans-Siberian Orchestra released a new five-song EP entitled Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night) on Lava Republic Universal Records. It debuted in Billboard Magazine's Top 200 Albums chart at number #9, and #1 in the rock charts.[24] It was the band's first EP and with a list price of five dollars or under was Trans-Siberian Orchestra's way of saying thank you to their fans.[29] Rather than containing the usual TSO story, it was more like a Harry Chapin album where a short story is contained within the song. For example, "Someday" is about how people have a tendency to put off saying thank you to individuals that they owe a great debt to and with the best of intention tell themselves that they will do it someday. Also each song is accompanied by a short poem.
Tales of Winter: Selections from the TSO Rock Operas (2013)[edit]
Released on October 11, 2013, this fifteen-track collection is Trans-Siberian Orchestra's first greatest hits collection and includes songs from all six prior releases. Cover art once again provided by Greg Hildebrandt.
Who I Am[edit]
On November 11, 2011, they released a new choral piece entitled, "Who I Am". This was originally released as a digital download to fans who purchased tickets through the band's ticket pre-sale but is now available through other music sites as well as being released on their 2015 album, Letters From the Labyrinth. The song was performed live as the opening number for the 2011 winter tour in acknowledgment of the rough times many people in the world were going through but bringing a message of hope by pointing out that together we can solve these problems as earlier generations have done in the past.[30] It was accompanied by sound and video clips of individuals who helped humanity progress forward or overcome seemingly impossible situations. The first quote and image was Reverend M.L. King's voice echoing " I Have a dream...that all men will be judged by the content of their character," followed by President Kennedy's inaugural challenge, "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." It included pictures of Jonas Salk, the scientist who cured polio, Saint "Mother" Theresa of Calcutta who spent her life caring for the unwanted and ended with Neil Armstrong taking the first step on the moon and the NASA's Gene Kranz paraphrased quote in regard to saving the astronauts aboard the damaged space capsule Apollo 13, that, "Failure is not an option."
Merry Christmas Rabbi[edit]
In 2013 the band announced the late November release of a novella, Merry Christmas Rabbi. Referred to as the final missing piece to the Christmas Trilogy, it is the journal discovered by the girl in the Christmas Attic rock opera that leads into the song, "Dream Child." Press releases described it as "the story of a fateful Christmas Eve and how one of the craziest gambles in human history leads to a second chance for a troubled youth who finds himself past the point of no return."[31][32]
Deaths and 2017 tour[edit]
O'Neill died on April 5, 2017, at age 61, while staying at an Embassy Suites by Hilton hotel on the University of South Florida campus in Tampa. Cause of death as determined by the Hillsborough County, Florida medical examiner’s Office, was intoxication from a mixture of methadone, codeine, Valium and doxylamine and the manner of death as drug abuse.[33]
In June of 2017, the organization announced that they would continue with their Christmas-themed touring. The Ghosts of Christmas Eve story, which they had performed in 2015 and 2016, was announced as their story once again for the 2017 tour.[34]
David Z, bassist for TSO, died on July 14, 2017, while touring with Adrenaline Mob for their "We The People" tour; a tractor-trailer veered off Interstate 75 in Florida and struck the RV both bands were riding in. Fellow TSO and Adrenaline Mob member Russell Allen was also injured in the accident.[35][36]
TSO's influence[edit]
Bands influenced[edit]
In 2009, a group of musicians from the metro New York area formed a band, called The Wizards of Winter, inspired by TSO. The Wizards released their own limited-release Christmas album in 2011 while performing a mixture of TSO and original material in live concerts. In 2013, four of the original members of TSO — Tommy Farese, Guy LeMonnier, Tony Gaynor, and Michael Lanning toured as guests with The Wizards of Winter. Another original TSO vocalist, Joe Cerisano toured with them in 2014. The band released two new Christmas albums (The Wizards of Winter and The Magic of Winter) with Guy LeMonnier and Tony Gaynor joining the band as full members. [37] The band now performs their own original material when touring, with a few TSO songs added.[38]
Fireworks displays[edit]
Trans-Siberian Orchestra Music has played annually at outdoor fire work displays, including in Malta, Santa Manira Festival, Dallas, and Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Lighting displays[edit]
In 2005 Carson Williams started a synchronized lighting race when he used 88 Light-O-Rama channels, over ten thousand lights and a small radio transmitter to illuminate his home to "Wizards in Winter."[39] A video of the house quickly went viral on the internet and eventually was picked up by Miller Lite as the theme for their T.V. ads over the next two years. Other homes soon followed eventually crossing to single homes with over a million lights.[4] Soon after entire cities like Denver and Chicago were lighting their downtown districts in a similar manner, as well as many major theme parks such as Disney World and Universal Studios.[40]
Philanthropic activities[edit]
Since Trans-Siberian Orchestra began touring, the band has donated over $10 million to a combination of local and national charities. At every tour stop, the group donates one dollar or more from each ticket sold to a local charity in the city where they are performing.[41][42] A single day (two shows) in New Jersey's Izod arena yielded $40,000 to local charities.[43] The band helps any charity or group they think is in need but especially ones that protect and help children. In 2010 Paul O'Neill voiced the band's philosophy on the TSO's web site and also in the 2010 Winter Tour Book, "We are all in this together. We must look out for the well being of each other, most of all the young. For the young are the architects of the future and we are the architects of the young. We can not tell those yet to be born that we did our best." Paul is a well known history buff.[11][44][45]
Fans and crew[edit]
Paul O'Neill constantly stated that the fans own the band: "TSO's goal is to make the best albums and concerts we possibly can, sparing no amount of time or expense and then charge the lowest possible price. No musician or singer is on the TSO flight deck for the money. We do it because we love the energy from the crowd especially the kids. Also in Trans Siberian Orchestra the crew are as much a member of the band as anyone on the flight deck. They actually have the hardest jobs. They are the first ones in and the last ones out. Watching them at work is like watching a well choreographed ballet or military operation. TSO could not be TSO without them and we know it."[46][47] Al Pitrelli summed it up more humorously, "No one in TSO is paid to be on the stage, that we do for free. The money is to stay out of trouble on our off time."
Over the years, O'Neill consistently thanks the audience,[43] referring to them as the second half of Trans-Siberian Orchestra and that without them TSO would just be notes and words echoing in an empty arena. "The fans' enthusiasm and energy power the stage show as much, if not more, than any local electric company."[48]
Touring[edit]
TSO are known for their elaborate live shows which employ lights, lasers and fog machines.
In 2009, Billboard ranked TSO as one of the Top 25 Touring Artists of the past decade.[8] Live shows are known for their extensive use of pyrotechnics, lasers, and lights synchronized with the performance.[4][12][49]
The 2011 winter tour was the final year of Christmas Eve and Other Stories.
Between 2010 and 2012 spring tours were held, in which the entire Beethoven's Last Night album, and songs of Night Castle were played. In 2011, for the very first time in the band's history, a European leg was included, with venues predominately in Germany, but also in Austria, Belgium, England, and Switzerland.[50] Initially, Savatage was announced to reunite at the end of the TSO setlist. However, the plans were scrapped, as the band cited undisclosed personal matters that held Jon Oliva from being available to tour.[51]
Their 2012-2013 Fall/Winter tour, sponsored by the Hallmark Channel featured The Lost Christmas Eve album in place of Christmas Eve and Other Stories.[52]
In 2013, TSO kicked off their second European tour with a performance on New Year's Eve 2013-14 in front of over 1 million fans at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate.[21] "A daring feat in which the band played three shows across two continents in 27 hours."[53] The show was broadcast live to millions more on German television.[53]
In August 2014 the band announced the first half of the winter tour they would feature The Christmas Attic, the only rock opera from the "Christmas Trilogy" never performed live up to that point.[54]
Wacken Open Air Festival 2015[edit]
On July 30, 2015, Trans-Siberian Orchestra and a reunited Savatage headlined the 26th edition of Wacken Open Air Festival in Germany, which is the largest metal festival in the world. The 2015 festival lasted three days and featured over a hundred bands.[55] This event marked both TSO's first outdoor festival appearance and first Savatage show in 13 years.[56] A massive set was designed so that the two main festival stages would be identical, although this aspect of the show was not revealed until the second half of the performance. For the first 40 minutes Savatage played a reunion show featuring Jon Oliva as the main lead singer for the first time in over 25 years, as well as Zak Stevens. This was followed by a Trans-Siberian Orchestra set on the next stage debuting several new songs. Following this, for the first time in music history, the entire band played a coordinated set spanning the two festival main stages, connected by a catwalk. This united Trans-Siberian Orchestra featured 4 guitarists, 4 keyboard players, 2 drummers, 2 bassists, a full string section, and 24 vocalists and dancers performing in sync for nearly 80,000 people.[57]
In the televised broadcast a week after the show but right before the actual performance, Paul O'Neill and Al Pitrelli admitted to being blindsided by non-stop rain and mud on the night before which removed any chance to check the staging until the actual show.[58] Metal Recusants, which favorably reviewed the entire event said, "If all the above shows were spectacular and memorable the Savatage's and Trans-Siberian Orchestra show is a whole new level of shows...I have never seen such a thing take place before and it was definitely a once in a lifetime experience."[59]
List of touring performers[edit]
See also: Trans-Siberian Orchestra touring lineups
Guitarists:
Tristan Avakian (2003)
Chris Caffery (1999–present)
Chris Caffery performing with TSO, 2007
George Cintron (2000)
Angus Clark (2001–present)
Joel Hoekstra (2010–2014, 2016–present)
Bill Hudson (2015)
Damon La Scott (2000)
Al Pitrelli (1999, 2001–present)
Alex Skolnick (2000–2002, 2004–2009)
Jennifer Cella and Alex Skolnick performing with TSO, 2007
Bassists:
Chris Altenhoff (2007–2009)
Tony Dickinson (2017-present)
Malcolm Gold (2001)
Johnny Lee Middleton (1999–2000, 2002–present)
David Z (2000–2006, 2010–2016; Died 2017)
Keyboardists:
Luci Butler (2008–2013)
Carmine Giglio (2002–2005)
Mee Eun Kim (2000–2002, 2004–2007, 2011-2012, 2014–present)
Bob Kinkel (1999–2009)
Doug Kistner (2000)
Vitalij Kuprij (2009–present)
Allison Lovejoy (2003)
Jane Mangini (2001–present)
John Margolis (1999, 2001)
Paul Morris (2000)
Derek Wieland (2006–present)
Electric Violinists:
Sarah Charness (2010)
Roddy Chong (2008–present)
Ted Falcon (2002)
Asha Mevlana (2011–present)
Lucia Micarelli (2003)
Caitlin Moe (2009–2010)
Anna Phoebe (2004–2009)
Valerie Vigoda (2000, 2001)
Mark Wood (1999–2008)
Alison Zlotow (2008)
Drummers:
Blas Elias (2017-present)
Steve Murphy (2000–2001)
Jeff Plate (1999–present)
John O. Reilly (2002–2016)
Vocalists:
Ashley Adamek (2011)
Angelica Allen (2011)
Russell Allen (2013–present)
April Berry (2009–present)
Robin Borneman (2013–present)
Dustin Brayley (2012–present)
John Brink (2010–2011, 2013–present)
Steve Broderick (2000–2009)
Jennifer Cella (2001–2007)
Jennifer Cella performing with TSO, 2007
Joe Cerisano (2000–2003)
Katrina Chester (1999, 2001)
Tru Collins (2010)
Ava Davis (2012–2014, 2017)
Eileen Kaden Dean (2000)
Marcus DeLoach (2004)
Rob Evan (2001, 2003, 2009–2017)
Dina Fanai (2002, 2003)
Tommy Farese (1999–2010)
Scout Ford (2007–2009)
Jamey Garner (2008)
Jill Gioia (2003–2005)
Alexa Goddard (2007–2008)
Kristin Lewis Gorman (2001–2010)
Gabriela Guncikova (2014-2015)
Heather Gunn (2005–2007)
Autumn Guzzardi (2010, 2012–2016)
Erin Henry (2006–2010)
Steena Hernandez (2006–2008)
Katie Hicks (2009–2010)
Tim Hockenberry (2008–2010)
Ashley Hollister (2016-present)
Nathan James (2012–2014)
Dino Jelusic (2016-present)
Erika Jerry (2010–2013)
Jodi Katz (2009–present)
Kelly Keeling (2006–2007)
Danielle Landherr (2003–2010)
Michael Lanning (2000–2005)
Rosie Lanziero (1999)
Rosa Laricchiuta (2016-present)
Lisa Lavie (2014–present)
Becca Lee (2015)
Guy LeMonnier (1999, 2002–2006)
Mats Levén (2016-present)
James Lewis (2004–2012)
Gary Lindemann (2000)
Tany Ling (2004–2006)
Guy Lockard (2010)
Chloe Lowery (2010–present)
Dari Mahnic (2011)
Maxx Mann (2002, 2006)
Sanya Mateyas (2002–2003)
Abby Lynn Mulay (2009)
Ronny Munroe (2011–2012)
Georgia Napolitano (2010–present)
Daryl Pediford (1999–2003, died 2004)
Jay Pierce (2004–2009, 2012)
Natalya Rose Piette (2010–present)
Chris Pinnella (2012)
Valentina Porter (2008–2009)
Cynthia Posner (2000)
Sophia Ramos (2001)
Kayla Reeves (2010–present)
Joe Retta (2015)
Marisa Rhodes (2007)
Andrew Ross (2007–present)
Bart Shatto (2002–2011, 2014–2015)
Peter Shaw (2005–2007)
Allie Sheridan (2003)
Rebecca Simon (2000)
Jeff Scott Soto (2008–present)
Zachary Stevens (2015–present)
Kay Story (2000)
Becca Tobin (2011)
Marilyn Villamar (2002)
Adrienne Warren (2008)
Rod Weber (2000–2002)
Jason Wooten (2010)
Narrators:
Phillip Brandon (2010–present)
Tim Cain (2000–2002)
Tony Gaynor (1999–2009)
Bryan Hicks (2003–present)
Discography[edit]
Main article: Trans-Siberian Orchestra discography
Christmas Eve and Other Stories (1996)
The Christmas Attic (1998)
The Ghosts of Christmas Eve (live video) (1999)
Beethoven's Last Night (2000)
The Lost Christmas Eve (2004)
Night Castle (2009)
Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night) (EP) (2012)
Tales of Winter: Selections from the TSO Rock Operas (compilation) (2013)
Letters from the Labyrinth (2015)
See also[edit]
Christmas music
Carson Williams
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trans-Siberian Orchestra.
Trans-Siberian Orchestra official website
Trans-Siberian Orchestra Message Boards for Fans
Trans-Siberian Orchestra Facebook Group
Complete Trans-Siberian Orchestra Discography
Trans-Siberian Orchestra on IMDb
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Jon Oliva
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Al Pitrelli
Chris Caffery
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Former: Mark Wood (violin)
Bob Kinkel (keyboards)
Studio albums
Christmas Eve and Other Stories (1996)
The Christmas Attic (1998)
Beethoven's Last Night (2000)
The Lost Christmas Eve (2004)
Night Castle (2009)
Letters from the Labyrinth (2015)
Compilation albums
Tales of Winter: Selections from the TSO Rock Operas (2013)
Extended plays
Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night) (2012)
Video
The Ghosts of Christmas Eve
Singles
"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24"
"Christmas Canon"
"Wizards in Winter"
"Nutrocker"
Related articles
Discography
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Elimination Chamber (2015)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Elimination Chamber (2015)
Promotional poster featuring Ryback and the Elimination Chamber
Theme
song(s)
"Coming for You" by The Offspring
Information
Promotion
WWE
Sponsor(s)
Totino's
Date
May 31, 2015
Attendance
7,000[1]
Venue
American Bank Center
City
Corpus Christi, Texas
WWE Network event chronology
NXT TakeOver: Unstoppable Elimination Chamber (2015) Money in the Bank (2015)
Elimination Chamber chronology
Elimination Chamber (2014) Elimination Chamber (2015) Elimination Chamber (2017)
Elimination Chamber (2015) (known as No Escape (2015) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE. It took place on May 31, 2015, at the American Bank Center in Corpus Christi, Texas.[2] The sixth Elimination Chamber event, it was the first and only to be held in May; previous incarnations had taken place in February. Although advertised as being exclusive to the WWE Network,[3] the event ultimately aired via traditional pay-per-view outlets in various territories.[a]
Seven matches were contested at the event, including one match on the pre-show. The event was the first to include a tag-team Chamber match. In the main event, Dean Ambrose defeated WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins by disqualification. Also, Kevin Owens defeated John Cena in his debut match at the event.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
1.1 Background
1.2 Storylines
2 Event
2.1 Pre-show
2.2 Preliminary matches
2.3 Main event
3 Aftermath
4 Reception
5 Results
5.1 Tag Team Championship Elimination Chamber details
5.2 Intercontinental Championship Elimination Chamber details
6 Other on-screen personnel
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Production[edit]
Background[edit]
The event was originally scheduled to be a house show, a wrestling show that is not televised, but it was announced during the May 11th Raw that Elimination Chamber would return and the show would be televised. The annual Elimination Chamber event was initially replaced during February by Fastlane because many arenas were not able to physically support the Elimination Chamber structure, thus making it easier to book the February pay-per-view event without the structure. WWE's other originally scheduled live event for May 31 in Greenville, South Carolina was canceled in order to bring the entire WWE roster to Corpus Christi, replaced by an upcoming episode of Raw in Greenville for November 16.[7]
Storylines[edit]
The event involved professional wrestlers performing as characters in scripted events pre-determined by the hosting promotion, WWE. Storylines between the characters played out on WWE's primary television programs, Raw and SmackDown.[8][9]
On May 17, an Elimination Chamber match for the vacant Intercontinental Championship was scheduled for the event.[10] On the May 18 episode of Raw, R-Truth, Sheamus, King Barrett, Ryback, Dolph Ziggler, and Rusev were added to the match.[11] On May 31, Rusev was declared unable to compete because of an injury sustained three nights prior on SmackDown.[12][13] Rusev was replaced by Mark Henry.[14]
At Payback, The New Day defeated Tyson Kidd and Cesaro to retain the Tag Team Championship in a 2-out-of-3 falls Tag team match. Later in the event, The New Day were scheduled to defend the titles in a Tag team Elimination Chamber match at the event.[10] On the May 18 episode of Raw, Kidd and Cesaro, Los Matadores, The Ascension, The Lucha Dragons, and The Prime Time Players were revealed as challengers.[11]
Kevin Owens defeated John Cena in his debut match at this event.
On the May 18 episode of Raw, NXT Champion Kevin Owens answered United States Champion John Cena's weekly United States Championship Open Challenge. However, instead of fighting Cena, Owens attacked him, saying they would fight on his "own terms". Later in the night, Owens was granted a match to face Cena at the event.[11]
On the May 18 episode of Raw, Dean Ambrose challenged WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins to a title match but Rollins refused. Later in the night, Ambrose attacked Rollins until The Authority granted Ambrose a title match against Rollins at Elimination Chamber. On the last Raw before the event, The Authority tried to avoid the match by having Ambrose taken away from the arena in a police van before the official contract signing. However, Ambrose drove the van back into the arena and signed the contract for the match.[11]
At Payback, Naomi and Tamina defeated The Bella Twins.[10] After Nikki defeated Naomi by disqualification in a Divas Championship match on the May 18 episode of Raw, Paige returned from injury and attacked both contestants.[11] On the May 21 episode of SmackDown, Naomi and Tamina attacked Paige before Nikki attacked Naomi, Tamina, and Paige. Nikki was then scheduled to defend the title against Paige and Naomi in a triple threat match at the event with Tamina banned from ringside.[15]
On the May 18 episode of Raw, Bo Dallas confronted Neville during an interview and later, after Neville had lost a match to King Barrett, attacked Neville.[11] On the May 25 episode of Raw, after Neville defeated Stardust, Dallas attacked Neville again. A match between the two was scheduled for the event.[16]
On the May 25 episode of Raw, a special broadcast of "Miz TV" with Daniel Bryan as the special guest was set for the pre-show.[16]
Event[edit]
Pre-show[edit]
During the pre-show, Stardust faced Zack Ryder. Stardust pinned Ryder after The Queen's Crossbow to win the match.
The Miz hosted an edition of "Miz TV", with Daniel Bryan as his guest. The Miz began to take credit for Bryan's accomplishments which led to Bryan calling out the Meta Powers (Curtis Axel and Macho Mandow). Meta Powers attacked The Miz to end the segment.
Preliminary matches[edit]
The actual pay-per-view opened with the Elimination Chamber tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship. The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) entered at #1 whilst The Lucha Dragons (Kalisto and Sin Cara) entered at #2. Tyson Kidd and Cesaro entered at #3 and Los Matadores (Primo and Epico) entered at #4, along with their mascot El Torito. Los Matadores were eliminated by The Acension when Diego was pinned by Konnor after the Fall of Man. The Lucha Dragons were eliminated by The Ascension when Kalisto was pinned by Konnor after the Fall of Man. The Prime Time Players (Darren Young and Titus O'Neil) entered at #5 and eliminated The Ascension when Young pinned Viktor after a Gut Check. The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) entered at #6. Cesaro and Kidd were eliminated by The Prime Time Players when Young pinned Cesaro with a Roll Up. The Prime Time Players were eliminated when O'Neil was pinned by Kingston after a Trouble in Paradise, resulting in The New Day retaining the WWE Tag Team Championship.
Next, Nikki Bella defended the WWE Divas Championship against Paige and Naomi. Near the end of the match, Naomi performed an Inverted Frankensteiner on Paige for a near-fall and then attempted an Enziguri on Nikki. Nikki countered into a Rack Attack to retain the title.
After that, NXT Champion Kevin Owens faced WWE United States Champion John Cena. Owens executed a Pop Up Powerbomb on Cena for a near-fall. Cena performed an Attitude Adjustment on Owens for a near-fall. Owens taunted and mocked Cena’s “You Can’t See Me” gesture but Cena applied the STF, only for Owens to escape. Owens executed an Attitude Adjustment on Cena for a near-fall. Cena performed a Clothesline on Owens but Owens executed a second Pop Up Powerbomb on Cena to win the match.
In the fourth match, Neville faced Bo Dallas. At the end of the match, as Dallas attempted a Bo-Dog, Neville countered into an Enziguiri on Dallas. Neville executed a Red Arrow on Dallas to win the match.
Next was the Elimination Chamber match for the vacant WWE Intercontinental Championship. King Barrett and Dolph Ziggler began the match as the first two participants. R-Truth entered at #3, and Mark Henry entered the match early at #4 after Barrett tackled Ziggler into Henry's Pod, breaking the Pod. Ryback entered at #5. Barrett was eliminated by R-Truth following a Superkick from Ziggler, Snake Eyes from Ryback and a Lie Detector from R-Truth. Sheamus entered at #6. R-Truth was eliminated by Ryback following Shellshocked. Henry was eliminated by Sheamus following a Brogue Kick. Ziggler was eliminated by Sheamus following a Brogue Kick. Ryback pinned Sheamus following Shellshocked, thus winning his first Intercontinental Championship.
Main event[edit]
In the main event, Seth Rollins defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship against Dean Ambrose. At the end of the match, Ambrose attempted a Diving Elbow Drop but Rollins pulled the referee in front of him who was knocked down. Rollins attempted a Phoenix Splash but Ambrose avoided it and pinned Rollins after Dirty Deeds, giving Ambrose the championship. However, Rollins lost by disqualification due to using the referee as a guard, so the championship didn't change hands. Roman Reigns appeared, attacking Rollins with a Superman Punch and threw the title belt to Ambrose. Reigns then fought off Kane with a Spear and Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury with Superman Punches. The event ended with Ambrose and Reigns leaving through the crowd with the title.
Aftermath[edit]
After Dean Ambrose stole the WWE World Heavyweight Championship belt, on the following night's episode of Raw, The Authority demanded that Ambrose have a rematch with Rollins. Roman Reigns then appeared to tell them that Ambrose would be coming back with the belt only if Rollins was man enough for the title at Money in the Bank in a Ladder Match. Despite The Authority's objections, Rollins accepted the challenge. At Money in the Bank, Rollins won against Ambrose without any interference from The Authority.
Roman Reigns tried to get another shot at the WWE World Heavyweight Championship by qualifying in the Money in the Bank Ladder Match at Money in the Bank. Reigns became close to winning the match and the Money in the Bank contract until Bray Wyatt interfered and cost Reigns the match. This began a feud between Reigns and Wyatt that would last until Hell in a Cell where Reigns defeated Wyatt in a Hell in a Cell match.
Reception[edit]
The event received generally mixed reviews. Jason Powell of "ProWrestling.net" found both Elimination Chamber matches "disappointing"; he called the first a "train wreck opener", and the second "flat".[17] Mike Tedesco of Wrestleview.com thought the event was excellent, particularly the Owens vs. Cena match while also praising the Tag Team Elimination Chamber match. Nolan Howells of "Slam Sports" criticized the Intercontinental Championship Elimination Chamber match and negative score of 1.75 out of 5, but praised the John Cena vs. Kevin Owens match and gave it 4.5 out of 5. Howells gave the main event a 3 out of 5. He wrote "The world title match was a truly great match ruined by a truly awful finish. Predictable and put a whole set of nails in the coffin of an already dead crowd."[18]
Results[edit]
No.
Results
Stipulations
Times[19][20]
1P
Stardust defeated Zack Ryder Singles match[21] 6:12
2
The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) (c) defeated The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor), The Lucha Dragons (Kalisto and Sin Cara), Los Matadores (Diego and Fernando) (with El Torito), The Prime Time Players (Darren Young and Titus O'Neil) and Tyson Kidd and Cesaro (with Natalya) Elimination Chamber match for the WWE Tag Team Championship[22] 23:40
3
Nikki Bella (c) defeated Naomi and Paige Triple Threat match for the WWE Divas Championship[23] 6:04
4
NXT Champion Kevin Owens defeated United States Champion John Cena Champion vs. Champion Singles match[24] 20:15
5
Neville defeated Bo Dallas Singles match[25] 8:46
6
Ryback defeated Dolph Ziggler, King Barrett, Mark Henry, R-Truth and Sheamus Elimination Chamber match for the vacant WWE Intercontinental Championship[14] 25:12
7
Dean Ambrose defeated Seth Rollins (c) (with Jamie Noble, Joey Mercury and Kane) by disqualification Singles match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship[26] 21:49
(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match
P – indicates the match took place on the pre-show

Tag Team Championship Elimination Chamber details[edit]
Eliminated
Wrestler (Team)
Entered
Eliminated by
Method of elimination
Time
01 !1 Diego (Los Matadores) 4 Konnor and Viktor (The Ascension) Pinned after a Fall of Man. 10:22
02 !2 Kalisto (The Lucha Dragons) 2 Konnor (The Ascension) Pinned after a Fall of Man. 12.45
03 !3 Viktor (The Ascension) 1 Darren Young (The Prime Time Players) Pinned after a Gut Check. 13:30
04 !4 Cesaro (Tyson Kidd and Cesaro) 3 Darren Young (The Prime Time Players) Pinned by a roll up. 18:28
05 !5 Titus O'Neil (The Prime Time Players) 5 Xavier Woods, Big E and Kofi Kingston (The New Day) Pinned after a chop block and a Trouble In Paradise. 23:40
06 !Winners Big E, Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods (The New Day) (c) 6 N/A
Intercontinental Championship Elimination Chamber details[edit]
Eliminated
Wrestler
Entered
Eliminated by
Method of elimination
Time
01 !1 King Barrett 1 R-Truth Pinned after a Lie Detector. 11:05
02 !2 R-Truth 3 Ryback Pinned after a Shell Shocked. 14:00
03 !3 Mark Henry 4 Sheamus Pinned after a Brogue Kick. 17:20
04 !4 Dolph Ziggler 2 Sheamus Pinned after a Brogue Kick. 20:25
05 !5 Sheamus 6 Ryback Pinned after a Shell Shocked. 25:14
06 !Winner Ryback 5 N/A
Professional wrestling portal
Other on-screen personnel[edit]
Commentators
Michael Cole
Jerry Lawler
John Bradshaw Layfield
Ring announcer
Lilian Garcia
Interviewers
Pre-show panel
Renee Young
Booker T
Corey Graves
Byron Saxton
Referees
Rudy Charles
Charles Robinson
Ryan Tran
Matt Bennett
Darrick Moore
Mike Chioda
Chad Patton
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Countries in which Elimination Chamber (2015) was available on pay-per-view included Bahrain,[4] Egypt,[5] and Germany.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Namako, Jason. "WWE attendance (5/29-6/1, Elimination Chamber, TV Tapings)". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Martin, Adam. "Elimination Chamber special announced for WWE Network". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Elimination Chamber returns, exclusively on WWE Network". WWE. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "How to watch WWE pay-per-views: Bahrain". WWE. Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "How to watch WWE pay-per-views: Egypt". WWE. Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "How to watch WWE pay-per-views: Germany". WWE. Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Jump up ^ WWE Live! show rescheduledGreenville Online (05/12/2015)
Jump up ^ Grabianowski, Ed. "How Pro Wrestling Works". HowStuffWorks, Inc. Discovery Communications. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Live & Televised Entertainment". WWE. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S PAYBACK PPV REPORT 5/17: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of four-way WWE Title match, I Quit War, more". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Tedesco, Mike. "WWE RAW Results - 5/18/15 (New #1 Contender announced)". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rusev not medically cleared to compete tonight at Elimination Chamber 2015". WWE.com. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Martin, Adam. "Rusev pulled from Elimination Chamber event tonight". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Matthew, Artus. "Ryback def. Dolph Ziggler, R-Truth, Mark Henry, Sheamus and King Barrett in an Intercontinental Championship Elimination Chamber Match". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Martin, Adam. "WWE Smackdown Results - 5/21/15 (Ambrose vs. Wyatt)". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Tedesco, Mike. "WWE RAW Results - 5/25/15 (Final hype for Elimination Chamber)". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ http://prowrestling.net/article.php?5-31-Powell-s-WWE-Elimination-Chamber-PPV-results-and-review-Kevin-Owens-vs.-John-Cena-Seth-Rollins-vs.-Dean-Ambrose-for-the-WWE-World-Heavyweight-Championship-Elimination-Chamber-matches-for-the-vacant-IC-Title-and-the-WWE-Tag-Team-Championship-42465
Jump up ^ Tedesco, Mike. "5/31 Elimination Chamber: Excellent Event". wrestleview.com. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S E. CHAMBER PPV REPORT 5/31 (pre-show): Complete coverage of Daniel Bryan's TV return on Miz TV, more". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S WWE E. CHAMBER PPV REPORT 5/31: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of WWE Title match, Cena vs. Owens, two Elimination Chamber matches, more". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Stardust def. Zack Ryder (Kickoff Match)". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Powers, Kevin. "The New Day won the WWE Tag Team Championship Elimination Chamber Match". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Clapp, John. "Divas Champion Nikki Bella def. Naomi and Paige in a Triple Threat Match". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Bobby, Melock. "NXT Champion Kevin Owens def. United States Champion John Cena Singles match: Non-Title)". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Jeff, Laboon. "Neville def. Bo Dallas". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Anthony, Benigno. "Dean Ambrose def. WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins via Disqualification". WWE. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
External links[edit]
Elimination Chamber Official Website
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