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I'll Stand by You
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Not to be confused with Stand by You.
"I'll Stand by You"
Single by The Pretenders
from the album Last of the Independents
B-side
"Rebel Rock Me"
Released
July 21, 1994
Recorded
1994
Genre
Rock
Label
Sire
Warner Bros.
WEA
Songwriter(s)
Chrissie Hynde
Tom Kelly
Billy Steinberg
Producer(s)
Ian Stanley
The Pretenders singles chronology
"Night in My Veins"
(1994) "I'll Stand by You"
(1994) "977"
(1994)
"Night in My Veins"
(1994) "I'll Stand by You"
(1994) "977"
(1994)
"I'll Stand by You" is a song recorded by The Pretenders from their sixth studio album, Last of the Independents (1994). Written by Chrissie Hynde and the songwriting team of Tom Kelly and Billy Steinberg; it was the Pretenders' last successful single in North America.
The song pledges love and faithful assistance in times of personal darkness. Since its initial release, "I'll Stand by You" has also become a major hit for British girl group Girls Aloud in 2004 and American country singer Carrie Underwood in 2007, both times recorded as a charity single. Colombian singer Shakira performed the song for the live charity telethon Hope for Haiti Now in 2010; her cover version was released on the charity benefit album of the same name.
Contents
1 Release and reception
2 Personnel
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.1.1 Year-end charts
4 Girls Aloud version
4.1 Background and release
4.2 Critical reception
4.3 Chart performance
4.4 Music video
4.5 Live performances
4.6 Track listings and formats
4.7 Personnel
4.8 Charts
4.8.1 Weekly charts
4.8.2 Year-end charts
4.9 Certifications
5 Carrie Underwood version
5.1 Music video
5.2 Charts
6 Shakira version
6.1 Track listing
6.2 Charts
7 References
8 External links
Release and reception[edit]
"I'll Stand by You" was released as the second single from the album Last of the Independents (1994), and it reached number 16 on the US Billboard Hot 100, number 21 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart, and number 10 in the United Kingdom. It charted higher in the UK and the U.S. than "Night in My Veins", the album's first single. The music video for "I'll Stand by You" was released in 1994 and features Chrissie Hynde caring for an ill man.[citation needed]. It was later featured in the pilot episode of Dawson's Creek.[1] Since 2010 the song has been used in an appeal advert for the NSPCC.[2]
Personnel[edit]
Chrissie Hynde – guitar, vocals
Adam Seymour – guitar
Additional musicians
J.F.T. Hood – drums
David Paton – bass guitar
Tom Kelly – piano, guitar
London Gospel Choir – choir
David Lord – string arrangement
Bob Clearmountain – mixing
Tony Philips – mixing
Steve Williams – engineer
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1994)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[3] 8
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[4] 7
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[5] 12
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[6] 20
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[7] 32
France (SNEP)[8] 29
Germany (Official German Charts)[9] 58
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[10] 19
Ireland (IRMA)[11] 22
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[12] 25
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[13] 29
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[14] 14
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[15] 21
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[16] 10
US Billboard Hot 100[17] 16
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[18] 21
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[19] 23
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[20] 21
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[21] 11
US Radio Songs (Billboard)[22] 11
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1994)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[23] 88
Chart (1995)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[24] 95
Girls Aloud version[edit]
"I'll Stand by You"
Single by Girls Aloud
from the album What Will the Neighbours Say?
B-side
"Real Life"
Released
15 November 2004
Format
CD single
digital download
Recorded
2004
Length
3:44
Label
Polydor
Songwriter(s)
Chrissie Hynde
Tom Kelly
Billy Steinberg
Producer(s)
Xenomania
Girls Aloud singles chronology
"Love Machine"
(2004) "I'll Stand by You"
(2004) "Wake Me Up"
(2005)
"Love Machine"
(2004) "I'll Stand by You"
(2004) "Wake Me Up"
(2005)
Audio sample
file
help
Music video
"I'll Stand by You" on YouTube
In 2004, the British all-female pop group Girls Aloud recorded a cover of "I'll Stand by You" as the official Children in Need charity single. Their version was produced by Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania. The track was announced a single just ten days before its 15 November 2004 release. It became Girls Aloud's second number one on the UK Singles Chart, spending two weeks at the top position and receiving a silver certification from the British Phonographic Industry. The song appears on Girls Aloud's second studio album What Will the Neighbours Say? (2004).
The music video, directed by Trudy Bellinger, saw Girls Aloud stranded in a desert as they "stand by" each other. "I'll Stand by You" was promoted through various live appearances and has since been performed on a number of the group's concert tours. Despite its success, Girls Aloud's cover of the song was largely panned by contemporary music critics.
Background and release[edit]
The first version of "I'll Stand by You" that Xenomania created was described as a "weird, modernist breakbeat version", which was scrapped upon deciding an updated version of the original song would be better suited for Children in Need.[25] The track's release was announced a single just ten days before its release date.[26] Nicola Roberts said, "Hopefully if our single does well it's a lot of money going to the charity."[26]
The single was released on 15 November 2004 in the UK, the week of the Children in Need 2004 telethon. It was available on two different CD singles. The first disc includes "Real Life", a song taken from Girls Aloud's second album What Will the Neighbours Say?. The second CD format featured a medley of songs taken from the album, as well as the Tony Lamezma's Club Romp remix of the track. The Gravitas Vocal Dub Mix Edit of "I'll Stand by You" appears on the "Wake Me Up" single.
In order to promote the release, Girls Aloud toured radio stations across the United Kingdom and performed an acoustic arrangement of "I'll Stand by You" that they arranged themselves.[25] They also visited children's hospitals.[26]
Critical reception[edit]
Girls Aloud's version of "I'll Stand By You" was not well received by most contemporary music critics. It was called "a particular soggy area" on Girls Aloud's album.[27] Alexis Petridis of The Guardian, who praised Girls Aloud's album, said that "I'll Stand by You" was "a thing of death-dealing tedium."[28] BBC Music felt it was "arguable whether this cover adds much to the Pretenders' original."[29] Sam Shepherd of musicOMH bluntly stated "perhaps the children most in need, are those that part with their pocket money for this drivel [...] This is a sub-karaoke version, limp, tired, and uninspired."[30]
However, Stylus Magazine actually commended the song, comparing it to Shakespears Sister and calling it "far, far better than anyone gives it credit for."[31]
Chart performance[edit]
"I'll Stand by You" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 21 November 2004, becoming Girls Aloud's second single to do so.[32] Despite competition from four new top ten entries, the song also remained at the top for a second week.[33] It slipped to number four in its third week, making way for Band Aid 20's take on "Do They Know It's Christmas?".[34] Girls Aloud spent a fourth week in the top five.[35] The single spent two further weeks in the top ten, holding on at number nine.[36] Overall, "I'll Stand by You" spent fourteen weeks in the top 75, including nine weeks in the top forty.[36][37] The single was ranked thirty-fourth on the year-end chart (see 2004 in British music). It was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry.[38]
The song entered the Irish Singles Chart at number four.[39] It spent a second week at number four,[40] before rising to number three.[41] It spent three more consecutive weeks at number three.[42][43][44] It then slipped back down to number four,[45] and spent two more weeks in the top five.[46][47]
Music video[edit]
The video for Girls Aloud's version of "I'll Stand by You" was directed by Trudy Bellinger.[48] It begins with each member of the group lying or sitting motionless in a parched desert. At the song's climax, a thunderstorm begins, and the members of Girls Aloud come together and stand in a circle. A special Children in Need version of the video depicts the group members holding "Pudsey" teddy bears, the mascot of the organisation, towards the end of the video.
Live performances[edit]
Girls Aloud toured radio stations across the United Kingdom and performed an acoustic arrangement of "I'll Stand by You" that they arranged themselves.[25] As the charity's official single of the year, the song was showcased as the Children in Need 2004 telethon. They also performed the song on television programmes such as Blue Peter, CD:UK, Countdown, Diggin' It, GMTV, Ministry of Mayhem, Popbusters, Top of the Pops, and Xchange. In 2005, Girls Aloud performed "I'll Stand by You" at Dublin's ChildLine Concert and on the TV show All Time Greatest Love Songs. In 2006, they performed the song on Australia's Sunrise. The group also performed the cover version on their 2005 MTV special (as seen on the Girls on Film DVD) and ITV1's The Girls Aloud Party (2008).
"I'll Stand by You" has been performed by Girls Aloud on most of their concert tours. For 2005's What Will the Neighbours Say? Live, Girls Aloud's first tour, they sang the song in colourful, simple evening gowns. It was also included on 2006's Chemistry Tour and 2007's The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits Tour. "I'll Stand by You" was included on a ballad section on 2008's Tangled Up Tour, in which Girls Aloud walk along a catwalk which reaches the middle of the crowd.
Track listings and formats[edit]
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "I'll Stand by You".
UK CD1 (Polydor / 9869129)
"I'll Stand by You" — 3:44
"Real Life" — 3:41
UK CD2 (Polydor / 9869130)
"I'll Stand by You" — 3:44
"I'll Stand by You" (Tony Lamezma's Club Romp) — 5:05
"What Will the Neighbours Say? Album Medley" — 3:14
"I'll Stand by You" (video) — 3:44
"I'll Stand by You" (karaoke video) — 3:44
"I'll Stand by You" (game)
The Singles Boxset (CD7)
"I'll Stand by You" — 3:44
"Real Life" — 3:41
"I'll Stand by You" (Tony Lamezma's Club Romp) — 5:05
"What Will the Neighbours Say? Album Medley" — 3:14
"I'll Stand by You" (Gravitas Vocal Dub Mix) — 7:27
"I'll Stand by You" (video) — 3:44
"I'll Stand by You" (karaoke video) — 3:44
"I'll Stand by You" (game)
Personnel[edit]
Nadine Coyle – co-lead vocals
Cheryl Tweedy – co-lead vocals
Sarah Harding – co-lead vocals
Nicola Roberts – co-lead vocals
Kimberley Walsh – co-lead vocals
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2004)
Peak
position
Ireland (IRMA)[49] 3
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[50] 85
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[51] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[52] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2004)
Position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[53] 34
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[54]
Silver 200,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Carrie Underwood version[edit]
"I'll Stand by You"
Single by Carrie Underwood
from the album Idol Gives Back
Released
April 24, 2007
Genre
Country
Length
3:31
Songwriter(s)
Chrissie Hynde
Tom Kelly
Billy Steinberg
Producer(s)
Nigel Lythgoe
Ken Warwick
Richard Curtis[55]
Carrie Underwood singles chronology
"Wasted"
(2007) "I'll Stand by You"
(2007) "So Small"
(2007)
"Wasted"
(2007) "I'll Stand by You"
(2007) "So Small"
(2007)
"I'll Stand by You" was covered in 2007 by Carrie Underwood as a charity single, recorded for the show Idol Gives Back which aired on April 25, 2007.
Carrie Underwood performed the song during her visit to Africa, which was used as soundtrack for a video vignette, where Underwood is seen singing to children and doing different activities with them. The single and the video were released on the U.S. iTunes Store on April 26, 2007. Ryan Seacrest announced that all money made on digital downloads would be donated to charity to help millions of poor children at the time.
On its first few days of release, the song sold 124,496 digital downloads,[56] prompting a debut on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 at number six,[57] Underwood's highest Hot 100 position since her 2005 debut single "Inside Your Heaven", which debuted at number one.
It was eventually removed from iTunes, leading the single to have one of the biggest falls in Hot 100 history. The single collected over 300,000 digital downloads in the time period it was available for download. As announced, all profits from the sale of the single were donated to charity. The single also received unsolicited airplay on U.S. country music radio stations, despite not being officially released to country radio.
Underwood performed the song on the American Idol Season Six Finale on May 23, 2007.
Music video[edit]
Underwood in the music video.
The music video was filmed in Africa. Underwood is seen singing to young children and helping them with different art projects, such as painting. At one point in the video, she is seen walking into a cemetery with a girl on her arms, and a boy by her hand who is carrying flowers. Underwood is also seen crying towards the end of the video, when she is helping an ill person. This music video was made available for download on the U.S. iTunes Store.
Charts[edit]
Chart (2007)
Peak
position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[58] 10
US Billboard Hot 100[59] 6
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[60]
Charted from unsolicited airplay 41
Shakira version[edit]
"I'll Stand by You"
Promotional single by Shakira featuring the Roots
from the album Hope for Haiti Now
Released
January 23, 2010
Format
Digital download
Studio
Kaufman Astoria, Queens, New York City
Length
3:55
Label
MTV
Songwriter(s)
Chrissie Hynde
Tom Kelly
Billy Steinberg
"I'll Stand by You" is a cover in 2010 by the Colombian singer Shakira as a promotional charity single for the Hope for Haiti Now campaign[61] and was released on 23 January 2010, in the wake of the devastating 2010 Haiti earthquake. Recorded live on the charity telethon Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief on January 22, 2010 in New York City. She performed the song during the program, exactly before Wyclef Jean's speech and after Reese Witherspoon's call on the phone bank. The song is found on the charity benefit album, Hope for Haiti Now.
Track listing[edit]
Album version[62]
" I'll Stand by You" (with The Roots)- 3:55
Charts[edit]
Chart (2010)
Peak
position
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[63] 53
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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"Sound of the Underground"
"No Good Advice"
"Some Kind of Miracle"
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"Jump"
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"¿Dónde Estás Corazón?"
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Dónde Están los Ladrones?
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El Dorado
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Hit and run
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Hit and run (disambiguation).
In traffic laws, a hit-and-run is the act of causing a traffic accident and not stopping afterwards. It is considered a supplemental crime in most jurisdictions.
Contents
[hide]
1 Additional obligation
2 History
3 Legal consequences
4 Country-specific penalties
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 China
4.4 Germany
4.5 Hong Kong
4.6 Macau
4.7 South Korea
4.8 Taiwan
4.8.1 Administrative penalties
4.8.2 Criminal penalty
4.8.3 Case law
4.9 United States
5 References
6 External links
Additional obligation[edit]
In many jurisdictions there may be an additional obligation to exchange information about one's financial responsibility (including any applicable insurance) or to summon emergency services if they are needed. There may also be requirement to leave a note containing pertinent information if the property owner is not present.[citation needed]
History[edit]
Hit-and-run laws arose from the difficulties that early traffic collision victims faced in identifying perpetrators so that they could be brought to justice. Apart from the obvious ability of an automobile to flee the scene quickly (if still driveable), drivers often wore driving goggles, vehicles at the time did not have license plates, and roads were unpaved and thus quite dusty.[1]
Legal consequences[edit]
Legal consequences of hit-and-run may include the suspension or cancellation of one's driver's license; lifetime revocation of a driver's license is possible in certain jurisdictions. It is frequently considered a criminal offense which can be punished by fines and imprisonment. Insurance companies often raise the insurance costs or even void the policies of drivers involved in this offense.
Attempts to understand the mental state of the hit and run driver began soon after the offense became codified[2] and more recently has been explored in an article titled "The Psychology of Hit and Run" (2008).[3]
Country-specific penalties[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2008)
Australia[edit]
Under Australian law, a driver involved in a crash must stop at the scene and give their information to all other drivers involved and anyone injured, as well as the owner and driver of any property damaged, and a police officer if:
Anyone is killed or injured;
A vehicle involved in the crash is towed or otherwise carried away from the crash by another vehicle;
Any other driver involved in the crash does not stop to exchange information;
A police officer asks for any of the information.[4]
The demerit point system is used for the commission of traffic offenses in Australia; for each offense committed, a certain number of points are given, and the accumulation of points can lead to fines and license suspension or revocation.[5] When a driver fails to stop at the scene and provide the required information to the necessary people, he or she is guilty of a hit and run, which carries a maximum penalty of 20 points.
Canada[edit]
Hit and run is defined in Canada as failure to stop at the scene of an accident under the Criminal Code[6] and is subject to a penalty of up to 5 years in prison.[7] If bodily harm or death is caused in the crash and the prosecution can prove that the accused was aware of the bodily harm or death, the maximum penalties are up to 10 years in prison or up to life imprisonment, respectively.[8]
For a person to be convicted of failure to stop at the scene of an accident, the prosecution must prove that the accused was aware of the crash, the accused voluntarily failed to stop and render assistance and the intent for failing to stop was to evade civil or criminal liability. While the prosecution bears the traditional criminal burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, the accused is presumed to have intended to evade civil or criminal liability if the prosecution can prove the other elements of the offence.[9] This reverse onus has been held to be a justified limit under section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[10][11]
Canadians are also required to provide their name, address and license number in writing according to the Sec. 252 (1) of the Criminal Code. Depending on the provincial law other pieces of information may be requested like: insurance number and license plate. Car Insurance is mandatory in Canada and managed by each province's insurance corporation.[12]
If the accused is also convicted of other offences in relation to the crash, then courts will often make the sentence for hit and run consecutive to the penalties for the other offences,[citation needed] the rationale being that hit and run is often committed with the intent of evading criminal or civil liability.
China[edit]
Article 101 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China provides that in a major crash, a hit and run results in revocation of the offender's driving license, and up to a lifetime ban from obtaining one again.
Article 133 of the Criminal code as of 1997 provides that hit and run after an incident resulting in death, grievous bodily harm or major property damage is punishable with 3 to 7 years' imprisonment, and fixed-term imprisonment of 3 to 7 years if there was an attempt at escaping the scene of crash or is involved in other especially flagrant circumstances, and fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 7 years if the act of attempted escape results in death.[13]
Germany[edit]
Anyone who has caused a traffic crash, or contributed to it, has the duty to identify themselves to the victims or to other contributors. If the victim is not present (such as in the case of damage of a parked car) the one who caused the crash has to wait a certain time. If the victim does not appear, he has to report the crash at the next police station without delay. Violation of these rules ("illicit leaving of the scene of a crash") is punishable with prison up to three years or a fine (article 142 of the Strafgesetzbuch).[14]
Different in that it applies to not only to those directly involved in a crash, article 323c states that anyone who fails to provide necessary help in an emergency can be punished with prison up to one year or a fine. This applies only if providing help is a "reasonable burden"—when it can take place "especially without putting yourself in substantial danger or neglecting other important duties". Not being explicitly asked to help is not an acceptable reason not to do so. In a traffic crash, for example, the actions expected would be securing the site against follow-up crashes, calling emergency services, and providing first aid to your ability until professional help arrives.
Hong Kong[edit]
Where, owing to the presence of a vehicle on a road, a crash occurs whereby-
(a) personal injury is caused to a person other than the driver of that vehicle; or
(b) damage is caused to-
(i) a vehicle other than that vehicle or a trailer drawn thereby;
(ii) an animal (any horse, cattle, ass, mule, sheep, pig or goat) other than an animal in or on that vehicle or a trailer drawn thereby; or
(iii) any other thing not being in or on that vehicle or a trailer drawn thereby, the driver of that vehicle shall stop. Otherwise, the driver commits an offence and is liable to a fine of 10000 Hong Kong dollars and to imprisonment for 12 months.[15]
Macau[edit]
Abandoning the victim of a crash is criminally imprisoned for up to 3 years or fined.[16]
South Korea[edit]
Hit-and-run is outlined in Article 5-3 of the Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes. There are two sections to this Act.
If the driver runs away after killing or causing the death of a victim, Section 1 proscribes the minimum sentence as five years in prison (with a possible 5 million-30 million won fine) with the maximum being life imprisonment.
If the driver removes the victim from the accident scene and runs away after abandoning the victim, Section 2 proscribes a minimum of three years imprisonment if the victim survives. If the victim dies, the penalty is either life imprisonment or the death penalty.[17]
Taiwan[edit]
Administrative penalties[edit]
Article 62 of the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road traffic Regulations proclaimed on 28 December 2005 and effective on 1 July 2006 provides the following administrative penalties:
Section 1: Without personal injury and death, hit-and-run drivers of motor vehicles are subject to administrative fines of 1000 to 3000 new Taiwan dollars and suspension of their driver licenses for 1 to 3 months.
Section: 4: With minor personal injury, hit-and-run drivers of motor vehicles are subject to revocation of their driver licenses, for 1 year pursuant to Section 3 of Article 67. With serious personal injury or death, hit-and-run drivers of motor vehicles are subject to revocation of their driver licenses, for lifetime pursuant to Section 1 of Article 67, but Article 67-1 allows a possible waiver after serving the revocation for 12 years if the revocation involved personal death, or 10 years if involving serious personal injury.
Criminal penalty[edit]
With personal injury or death, hit-and-run drivers of motor vehicles are also subject to imprisonment of 6 months to 5 years pursuant to Article 185-4 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China. Hit and Run, although illegal, is seldom prosecuted on Taiwan. Drunk driving has a much more severe penalty so drunk drivers involved in crashes rarely stop to be tested.
Case law[edit]
On 13 September 1991 in the Taiwan Area, the Judicial Yuan of the Republic of China in its Interpretation 284 considered that revoking a driver license for vehicular hit and run involving personal injury or death would not violate the Constitution of the Republic of China.[18]
On 19 October 2001 in the Taiwan Area, the Judicial Yuan of the Republic of China in its Interpretation 531 further considered that lifetime revocation of a driver license for vehicular hit and run involving personal injury or death would not violate the Constitution of the Republic of China. However, this Interpretation also suggested relevant authorities in charge to reconsider the lifetime revocation and consider reinstatement for rehabilitated drivers.[19]
United States[edit]
The penalties (and the definition) of hit-and-run vary from state to state in the United States.[20] For example, in Virginia, the crime is a felony if the crash causes death, injury, or damage to attended property in excess of a certain dollar amount; otherwise, it is a misdemeanor.[21] In California the crime can be an infraction, a misdemeanor, or a felony depending on whether there is property damage or bodily injury.[22]
In Texas, the crime is a third degree felony if the collision involves a fatality or serious bodily injury. Collisions causing less serious injuries are punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for not more than five years, or confinement in the county jail for not more than one year, a fine not to exceed $5,000, or both. Collisions causing $200 or more in total damages without injuries are punishable by a class B misdemeanor, and collisions causing less than $200 in total damages are a class C misdemeanor.[23]
In New York, leaving the scene of an incident without reporting it is a traffic infraction, and if personal injury is involved, then it becomes a misdemeanor.[24] There are also significantly higher fines if an animal is injured in the hit and run crash.[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Edward C. Fisher, Vehicle Traffic Law (Evanston, IL: Traffic Institute, Northwestern University, 1961): 289.
Jump up ^ Selling, Lowell S. (May 1942). "The Feebleminded Motorist" (pdf). The American Journal of Psychiatry. 98 (6): 834–838. doi:10.1176/ajp.98.6.834.
Jump up ^ Dalby, J. Thomas; Nesca, Marc (September 2008). "The Psychology of Hit and Run". Law Enforcement Executive Forum. 8 (5): 51–56.
Jump up ^ "NSW Road Rules 2008" (PDF). Government of South Australia: Part 18, Division 1, Rule 287. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Demerit Points". Government of South Australia. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 252(1).
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 252(1.1).
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 252(1.2), (1.3).
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 252(2).
Jump up ^ R v T (1985), 18 CCC (3d) 125, 43 CR (3d) 307 (NS SC App Div).
Jump up ^ R v Gosselin (1988), 45 CCC (3d) 568, 9 MVR (2d) 290 (Ont CA)
Jump up ^ [1] Accident Preparedness guide - Alberta, Canada
Jump up ^ Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China Article 133
Jump up ^ §142 of German Strafgesetzbuch
Jump up ^ Hong Kong Ordinance Chapter 374, Road Traffic Ordinance, Section 56, Duty to stop in case of accidents
Jump up ^ Article 88 of Law No. 3/2007 ((in Portuguese) Lei n.º 3/2007; (in Chinese) 第3/2007號法律)
Jump up ^ http://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=21997&type=part&key=9
Jump up ^ Judicial Yuan Interpretation 284 translated by Li-Chih Lin, Esq., J.D.
Jump up ^ Judicial Yuan Interpretation 531 translated by Li-Chih Lin, Esq., J.D.
Jump up ^ "Leaving the Scene of an Accident/Hit and Run". Findlaw for the Public.
Jump up ^ "Code of Virginia §46.2-894". LIS Code of Virginia Searchable Database.
Jump up ^ "Law section". leginfo.legislature.ca.gov. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
Jump up ^ "TEXAS TRANSPORTATION CODE CHAPTER 550. ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT REPORTS". Texas Constitution and Statutes.
Jump up ^ "N.Y. V..&.T. L. § 600.". New York State Assembly. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "N.Y. V..&.T. L. § 601.". New York State Assembly. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
External links[edit]
Video shows motorists leaving hit-and-run victim for dead
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