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World's Strongest Man
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World's Strongest Man
2018
The official logo of World's Strongest Man
Tournament information
Location
2018: Philippines
Established
1977
Format
Multi-event competition
Current champion
Eddie Hall
The World's Strongest Man is a strongman competition. Organized by IMG, an Endeavor company, it is broadcast in the US during summers and in the UK around the end of December each year.[1] Competitors qualify based on placing in the top three at the four to eight Giants Live events each year.[2]
The current event sponsor is Coregenx, a nutritional supplement manufacturer from Irvine, California.[3] Coregenx succeeded the previous sponsor, The Commerce Hotel and Casino.[4] Other past sponsors include DAF Trucks, Tonka, MET-Rx, and PartyPoker.com.
The event has a number of rival and parallel competitions with which it is sometimes confused, including the Strongman Super Series, the now defunct IFSA Strongman World Championships (run from 2005-2007 after the International Federation of Strength Athletes parted company with WSM in 2004) and Strongman Champions League.
On February 3, 2018, The World's Strongest Man Official Page announced in conjunction with the Department of Tourism, Philippines that the 2018 WSM contest will be held in Manila, Philippines for the first time in its history. Qualifiers: April 28 - May 1 Finals: May 5-6[5][6][7]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1970s–1980s
1.2 1990s–2000s
2 Competition format and commonly contested events
3 Most championships
4 Official results – top three places
5 Most top three places
6 Championships by country
7 Hall of Fame
7.1 Hall of Fame Members
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
There are now several documentaries available that chart the history of WSM. The first major one is: Worlds Strongest Man - Thirty Years Of Pain from 2008, celebrating the 30th anniversary.[8] 2017 saw the debut of a series of videos celebrating the 40th anniversary and 2017 contest.[9][10]
1970s–1980s[edit]
The concept behind "The World's Strongest Men", as it was originally named, was developed in 1977 for CBS by Langstar Inc. David Webster, a Scot who later received an OBE for his services to sport, was the head coordinator of the competition from its inception. Dr Douglas Edmunds, seven-times Scottish shot and discus champion and twice world caber champion[11] worked with Webster and when Webster retired Edmunds took over. These two men were responsible for inviting the competitors and choosing the events. In the meantime, in 1982, CBS sold the rights to the BBC, who in turn sold the rights to TWI. In 1987, the WSM was not held for the only time since its inception. In that year the first and only non-team Pure Strength competition was held but it was not part of the WSM franchise.
For the first several contests, well-known American color commentators and analysts were used on the network broadcast. These included Brent Musburger, Tom Brookshier, and acknowledged strength authority, journalist and author Dr. Terry Todd. Todd was a former powerlifting world record holder himself and went on to establish the H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports in 1990. He also was asked to establish The Arnold Strongman Classic in 2001 by Arnold Schwarzenegger. This competition has the largest purse of any Strongman contest, with a $72,000+ top prize in 2017.[12]
During this early period, the contest ranks consisted mostly of American football players, powerlifters, and bodybuilders and held in American locations until it was moved to Christchurch, New Zealand in 1983. Two-time winner Bruce Wilhelm (USA) retired and was succeeded by the massive Don Reinhoudt in 1979, 162kg (357lb) heavyweight powerlifter of the USA. Reinhoudt still holds several unequipped world records in powerlifting to this day.[13]
In 1979, newcomer and legendary powerlifter Bill Kazmaier (USA) made his appearance, coming in 3rd after leading much of the competition. He dominated the sport to such an extent from 1980-82 (winning by a record 28 points in 1980), he eventually was left out of the competition, even after becoming the first man to win 3-consecutive WSM titles[14] He set prodigious marks with a 478.5kg (1055lb) silver dollar coin deadlift, 439.5kg (969lb) squat(smith machine), and a then-record 165.6kg (365lb) log lift with a rough, unbalanced log. His legendary status eventually earned him a place in the WSM Hall of Fame.
After Kazmaier left, his nearest rival: former Olympian Geoff Capes from the UK traded wins with the charismatic Icelandic powerlifter: Jón Páll Sigmarsson. Sigmarsson raised the popularity and awareness of the event to new levels.[15]. He died 3 years after winning his 4th and final WSM in 1990. In that year, he beat perhaps the strongest man never to win the title: world record holder, heavyweight powerlifter: O.D. Wilson(USA).
1990s–2000s[edit]
In 1995, Edmunds and Webster, along with representatives from the competitors including Jamie Reeves, Ilkka Kinnunen and Marcel Mostert formed a governing body called the International Federation of Strength Athletes ("IFSA"). The IFSA began organizing its own bespoke events, such as the IFSA European Championships but also took the lead in working with BBC and TWI to organize the World's Strongest Man competition. For almost a decade the IFSA and WSM were inextricably mixed, but this changed in 2004. The InvestGroup Ventures' sports rights management arm, InvestGroup Sports Management, invested heavily into IFSA and this led to the creation of IFSA Strongman. The strategy was to acquire most of the international assets and properties relating to the strongman sport. In essence this was a new organisation[16] with some, such as Magnus Samuelsson describing it as "a new company...with the same name as our old federation".[17] The attempt at dominance was not well received by TWI and disagreement ensued leading to a split in the sport. Previously, in 2001, the IFSA in its former guise had entered an agreement with World Class Events (WCE), headed by Ulf Bengtsson, to run the Super Series. This Super Series was designed to award the World Championship title, but also acted as a qualifying vehicle for the WSM. When strongman split in 2004, the Super Series sided with TWI forming a rival federation to the IFSA.[16] With the WSM being a TWI owned event, IFSA Holdings announced its own World Championships for 2005, to be held in Quebec, and thus from that point had no involvement in the WSM contest.
The split with IFSA, which banned its registered athletes from competing at WSM, meant that not all the recognized best strength athletes in the world were eligible to compete. However, the reputation of WSM as the premier event maintained its lure for broadcasting purposes. In recent years, the competition has been broadcast on ESPN, ESPN2, TSN, Televisa Deportes and Five, and currently CBS Sports Network in the USA. The longevity of the contest in strength athletics and its high levels of TV exposure over the years has led to it being described as "the granddaddy of all strongman contests".[16] In recent years, to curb injuries, the contest events have included a certain amount of athleticism rather than being about raw strength. This has led some critics to say that contests such as the Arnold Strongman Classic or Fortissimus are the true strongest man competitions. However, it is routinely described as "the Worlds" by top strongman competitors[16] and despite the critics, it is the leading brand name in the field. No other strongman contest commands close to the WSM's levels of TV exposure.[16]The World's Strongest Man claims a viewership of 220 million.[18]
In the early 1990s, Magnús Ver Magnússon (Iceland) won the title four times and became the second and only man along with the legendary Bill Kazmaier to win three consecutive titles. The late 1990s saw Scandinavian countries taking control of the title, and this lasted until 2002. The relatively small 125 kg (275 lb) but dynamic Jouko Ahola from Finland won two titles in three years during this period. He later became a referee in WSM/strongman events and an actor.
The early to late 2000s were dominated by five-time Polish winner Mariusz Pudzianowski, earning the nickname: "The Dominator". Looking muscular and defined, he temporarily redefined what a strongman was in the world's eyes. At about 142 kg (313 lb) at max weight, he routinely beat men much bigger than he was. He combined speed and massive strength in one package.[19] His final win was in 2008 as bigger and taller men came into the sport.
The 2006 competition ended in dramatic fashion, with Phil Pfister edging out Mariusz Pudzianowski in the final event, the Atlas stones. Pfister became the first American to win the competition since 1982, and the first American ever to win the competition outside the United States.
In 2008, Derek Poundstone had a large lead over Mariusz Pudzianowski after 3 events but Pudzianowski tied the deadlift event for first place and then won the crucial plane-pull to narrow the gap. Pudzianowski and Poundstone then battled for the title of World's Strongest Man in the last event, the Atlas Stones. Pudzianowski blistered through the event and was able to keep pace with the heavier Poundstone. On the final stone, Pudzianowski was able to capitalize on Poundstone's drop and clinched his fifth title.
In 2009, the long-running IFSA/WSM split had ended resulting in finally having all of the top strongmen from around the world all in the same contest. 2-time IFSA World Champion Žydrūnas Savickas claimed his first WSM title, with defending champion Mariusz coming in second in his final ever WSM contest. Another up and comer Brian Shaw placed third.
Žydrūnas repeated his victory again in 2010, winning by countback[20] against Brian Shaw in the closest finish in WSM history. Top IFSA competitor and fan favorite Mikhail Koklyaev finished third in his WSM debut. Žydrūnas set a world record in the giant wooden log lift with a lift of 212.5 kg (467.5 lbs.).
In 2011, Brian Shaw was able to finally capture his first WSM title, just edging out Žydrūnas. Both athletes were tied going into the Atlas Stones and Brian was able to capitalize on his massive height advantage and claim the title. England's Terry Hollands finished in third place, this being his second podium finish after finishing third back in 2007.
Going into the 2012 WSM contest, Brian Shaw suffered from nerve damage in his hands and slipped down to fourth place. This opened the door for Žydrūnas to capture his third WSM title, with fellow Lithuanian Vytautas Lalas coming in second and the Icelandic giant Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson placed third. Žydrūnas set a world record in the log lift with a lift of 220 kg (484 lbs.).
In the 2017 WSM, two 4-time winners: (Brian Shaw and Žydrūnas Savickas) competed head-to-head for the first time, but Eddie Hall won his first title over runner-up Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson by 1 point, and was the first win for the UK since Welshman Gary Taylor in 1993. The contest was not without controversy, however with Björnsson claiming that he completed one more rep in the Viking press than the judge awarded him. Hall set a new Strongman world record with a regular bar at 472.5kg (1041.7lbs) for a deadlift performed with just straps.
For a timeline, see the official WSM site:[21]
2018: A tentative event list was sent to the athletes to allow them some additional time to train for this year’s competition. The event list is not final and is subject to change. The location/dates will be finalized in the very near future. Events will be decided shortly after. The athlete qualifiers (heats) groupings will be decided once all of the Giants Live qualifying events have completed.
Nonetheless, this the unofficial list of events, courtesy of Starting Strongman:[22][23]
Heats (Qualifiers): Load and Drag, Load and Farmer’s Walk, Truck Pull, Overhead Press (Dumbbell), Overhead Press (Log), Arm Over Arm, Toss, Squat with loading barrels, Deadlift with loading barrels, Atlas Stones
Note that the heats get different events from the above list, usually with five or six events. One group may get the overhead press with a dumbbell and another with a log, one may squat with loading barrels and the other will deadlift with loading barrels, etc.
Finals Events: Frame Carry, Car Deadlift, Loading Race, Truck Pull, Max Overhead, Atlas Stones
IMG / WSM named Colin Bryce as the 2018 World’s Strongest Man Tournament Director.
Colin has been instrumental in creating an official Qualifying System to #WSM, in the Giants Live Series, and has worked on the show since 1996.[24]
Four-Time World's Strongest Man titleholder Magnús Ver Magnússon signed as the official head referee.[25]
Competition format and commonly contested events[edit]
Initially, eight men representing various sports and strength disciplines were invited to compete against each other in unique events designed to test each individual to the fullest extent. The earliest events were relatively crude, but new ideas were introduced over the years. Some events had a basis in both powerlifting and Highland Games heavy events, and others were created based on mythological feats of strength. There are a number of events that make up each competition.[26][27]
Loading Race – Several heavy objects, each weighing between 220–360 pounds (100–163 kg), are loaded onto a truck bed or a similar platform over a course of about 50 feet (15 m).[28]
McGlashen Stones / Atlas Stones – Five heavy round stones increasing in weight from 220–350 pounds (100–159 kg) are lifted and set on platforms. When the stones were first introduced to the competition, it was an individual event and the platforms were all of equal height. The modern Atlas Stones event takes place on a 16–33-foot (5–10 m) long course and the competitors participate two at a time. There are three current variations to the Atlas Stones event. In one, the stones are placed directly in front of the platforms and the competitors must simply lift and place them, generally the lightest stone being placed on the highest platform. In another, the stones are placed in a diagonal line, with the first stone being in front of the first platform, and each subsequent stone is set farther back from the course, with the heaviest stone being farthest away (or vice versa). The third variation sees the five platforms in a straight vertical line with the stones in front of each, and the competitors must place the stones and then move a short distance to the next one. In recent competitions,this is typically the final event.[29] In the 2015 competition, the maximum stone was 209 kilos(461lbs)[30]
Vehicle Pull – Vehicles such as transport trucks, trams, boxcars, buses, or planes are pulled across a 100-foot (30 m) course as fast as possible. One variation sees the competitors pull the object with a rope toward them. Another has them attached to a rope which is attached to a vehicle, while they use another rope to pull themselves down the course. A third involves no ropes, with the competitors pulling the vehicle while connected to a harness.[31] The 2007 competition featured pulling a fire truck (possibly a nod to 2006 champion Phil Pfister, a professional firefighter), and the 2008 qualifying rounds featured a coal truck (a reference to the coal mining industry in West Virginia, where the competition was held).[32]
Overhead Press – The heaviest possible load is pressed overhead, or a lighter weight is used for repetitions.[33]
Fingal Fingers – A series of hinged poles ("fingers") are lifted starting from a horizontal resting position and flipped over to the other side. The poles get progressively heavier and longer. The event is scored by time and by how many of the poles a competitor was able to flip over. The event takes its name from Fingal, a mythological Gaelic hunter-warrior.[34]
Power Stairs – A series of three Duck Walk implements ranging from 400–600 pounds (181–272 kg) are lifted, step by step, to the top of a flight of stairs.[35]
Squat – Squatting large weights, such as 900 pounds (410 kg) of bricks, a car, or people on a platform. Recently, an apparatus has been used that drops weighted kegs into a cage, one at a time after each successful lift (the event, in this case, is scored by weight instead of repetitions). The athlete will continue until completion, failure or time expires.[36]
Dead Lift – Lifting weights or vehicles up to about 1,100 pounds (500 kg) straight off the ground until knees lock in a standing position. Lift is for either maximum weight, maximum repetitions with a fixed weight, or for time whilst holding a single repetition. In recent years, a similar keg-loaded apparatus to that described above for the squat has been used.[37][38]
Keg Toss – Competitors must throw kegs, of increasing weight, over a 14 ft 6 in (4.42 m) high bar. A variation using kettlebells was added to the 2015 competition.[39][40]
Weight Throw - a 50-pound (23 kg) weight is thrown overhead with the goal being to clear a barrier above the competitor. The goal is to throw the weight the highest.
Car Carry – Competitors stand inside a stripped-down automobile, which is missing some of its roof and all of its bottom and interior, and carry it across a 25-meter (82 ft) course. Players are scored by how fast they carried the car across the finish line or how far they were able to get the car before the time-limit expired.[41]
Hercules Hold – The athlete stands between two hinged pillars, gripping handles that prevent the pillars from falling to the side. The pillars are held for the longest possible time.[42]
Carry and Drag – An anchor and a chain are carried to the end of a set distance, where they must be attached to each other and then dragged back the same distance.[43]
Farmer's Walk – Competitors carry heavy objects (usually anvils) weighing from 275 to 375 lbs (125 to 170 kg) in each hand for a set distance, and compete for the fastest time. A variation involves use of a heavy frame with parallel handles or heavy objects attached to handles, and another involves much heavier weights (referred to as the Giant Farmer's Walk).[44] This event is usually done on the same course as the Carry and Drag is and conducted as a race, but one competition in Sanya, China saw the competitors compete individually carrying the weights up a small set of stairs. A competition in Victoria Falls, Zambia 2001 saw the competitors race two at a time along a course requiring several turns.[45]
Super Yoke – Apparatus composed of a crossbar and two uprights. The uprights each have a heavy weight attached to them, such as a refrigerator or diesel engine, and the competitors must carry the yoke on their shoulders for a short distance.[46]
Husafell Stone – A flat, somewhat triangular rock weighing around 400 lb (182 kg) is carried high on the chest for a set distance. During the three years in which the competition took place in Africa, this event was known as the Africa Stone.[47]
Duck Walk– An object with a handle is carried, suspended between the legs, over a set course.[48]
Log Throw / Caber toss – A five-meter-long (16 1⁄2 foot) log is thrown for distance or for height over a bar. When thrown for distance, the event is conducted similarly to the normal caber toss but with distance replacing technique. The length of the throw is determined by measuring the distance between where the competitor's toes were when he tossed and the tip of the log, based on where it first landed.[49]
Tug of War – One on one tug of war in a single-elimination tournament. In the first few competitions, this determined the champion and served as the final event.[50]
Pole Pushing – One on one pole pushing in a Sumo-style ring in a single-elimination tournament. The pole has handles at either end.[51]
Crucifix – Weights are held straight out at each side for as long a time as possible. A common variation entails weights being held out in front, using either one or both hands.[52]
Giant Dumbbell Press — Single-handed dumbbells are hoisted from the ground onto the competitor's shoulder, from where, with one hand, he must raise it vertically over his head and lockout his arm. With four weights between 100 and 115 kilograms (220 and 254 lb), scoring is based on time and number of successful lifts.[53]
Basque Circle/Stone Circle/Conan's Wheel - A competitor takes hold of the handle of a metal basket by placing the handle on his forearms. Inside the basket, usually, is at least 600 pounds (270 kg) of heavy stones (The 2015 WSM replaced the stones with pineapplesand at least one earlier competition used a car). Holding the basket in the crook of his elbow, the competitor carries the basket in a clockwise manner over a platform with a 25-meter (82 ft) circumference. The event is contested for distance.[54]
Norse Hammers - Added to the competition for the first time in 2015, the Norse Hammers is similar to the Fingal Fingers event. Three hammers, shaped like those of Norse god Thor, must be flipped over. Unlike the Fingal Fingers, the competitors must lift the hammer from the side before pushing it up. There are three hammers, weighing 350, 365, and 380 pounds, respectively. In order to complete the event, all three hammers must be flipped within the time limit.[55]
Circus Barbell - Similar to the Overhead Press, this event gets its name from the apparatus used which resembles the stereotypical barbell used by circus strongmen. The barbell, which weighs 150 kilograms (330 lb), consists of two heavy spheres with a thick, flexible bar that makes it difficult for the competitors to lift. The event is conducted for reps within a time limit and the movement to complete the lift resembles a clean and press lift.[56]
Most championships[edit]
Champion
Country
Times
Years
Mariusz Pudzianowski Poland 5 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008
Žydrūnas Savickas Lithuania 4 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014
Magnús Ver Magnússon Iceland 4 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996
Jón Páll Sigmarsson Iceland 4 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990
Brian Shaw United States 4 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016[57]
Bill Kazmaier United States 3 1980, 1981, 1982
Jouko Ahola Finland 2 1997, 1999
Geoff Capes United Kingdom 2 1983, 1985
Bruce Wilhelm United States 2 1977, 1978
Official results – top three places[edit]
Year
Champion
Runner-Up
3rd Place
Location
2018 Manila, Philippines
2017 Eddie Hall Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Brian Shaw Gaborone, Botswana
2016 Brian Shaw Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Eddie Hall Kasane, Botswana
2015 Brian Shaw Žydrūnas Savickas Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Putrajaya, Malaysia
2014 Žydrūnas Savickas Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Brian Shaw Los Angeles, California
2013 Brian Shaw Žydrūnas Savickas Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Sanya, China
2012[58] Žydrūnas Savickas Vytautas Lalas Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Los Angeles, California
2011 Brian Shaw Žydrūnas Savickas Terry Hollands Wingate, North Carolina
2010 Žydrūnas Savickas[59] Brian Shaw Mikhail Koklyaev Sun City, South Africa
2009 Žydrūnas Savickas Mariusz Pudzianowski Brian Shaw Valletta, Malta
2008 Mariusz Pudzianowski Derek Poundstone Dave Ostlund Charleston, West Virginia
2007 Mariusz Pudzianowski Sebastian Wenta Terry Hollands Anaheim, California
2006 Phil Pfister Mariusz Pudzianowski Don Pope Sanya, China
2005 Mariusz Pudzianowski Jesse Marunde Dominic Filiou Chengdu, China
2004 Vasyl Virastyuk Žydrūnas Savickas Magnus Samuelsson Nassau, Bahamas
2003 Mariusz Pudzianowski Žydrūnas Savickas Vasyl Virastyuk Victoria Falls, Zambia
2002 Mariusz Pudzianowski Žydrūnas Savickas Raimonds Bergmanis Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2001 Svend Karlsen Magnus Samuelsson Janne Virtanen Victoria Falls, Zambia
2000 Janne Virtanen Svend Karlsen Magnus Samuelsson Sun City, South Africa
1999 Jouko Ahola Janne Virtanen Svend Karlsen Valletta, Malta
1998 Magnus Samuelsson Jouko Ahola Wout Zijlstra Tangier, Morocco
1997 Jouko Ahola Flemming Rasmussen Magnus Samuelsson Primm Valley Resort, Nevada
1996 Magnús Ver Magnússon Riku Kiri Gerrit Badenhorst Port Louis, Mauritius
1995 Magnús Ver Magnússon Gerrit Badenhorst Marko Varalahti Nassau, Bahamas
1994 Magnús Ver Magnússon Manfred Hoeberl Riku Kiri Sun City, South Africa
1993 Gary Taylor Magnús Ver Magnússon Riku Kiri Orange, France
1992 Ted van der Parre Magnús Ver Magnússon Jamie Reeves Reykjavík, Iceland
1991 Magnús Ver Magnússon Henning Thorsen Gary Taylor Tenerife, Canary Islands
1990 Jón Páll Sigmarsson O.D. Wilson Ilkka Nummisto Joensuu, Finland
1989 Jamie Reeves Ab Wolders Jón Páll Sigmarsson San Sebastián, Spain
1988 Jón Páll Sigmarsson Bill Kazmaier Jamie Reeves Budapest, Hungary
1986 Jón Páll Sigmarsson Geoff Capes Ab Wolders Nice, France
1985 Geoff Capes Jón Páll Sigmarsson Cees de Vreugd Cascais, Portugal
1984 Jón Páll Sigmarsson Ab Wolders Geoff Capes Mora, Sweden
1983 Geoff Capes Jón Páll Sigmarsson Simon Wulfse Christchurch, New Zealand
1982 Bill Kazmaier Tom Magee John Gamble Magic Mountain, California
1981 Bill Kazmaier Geoff Capes Dave Waddington Magic Mountain, California
1980 Bill Kazmaier Lars Hedlund Geoff Capes Vernon, New Jersey
1979 Don Reinhoudt Lars Hedlund Bill Kazmaier Universal Studios, California
1978 Bruce Wilhelm Don Reinhoudt Lars Hedlund Universal Studios, California
1977 Bruce Wilhelm Bob Young Ken Patera Universal Studios, California
Notes
In 1987 the WSM was not held for the only time since its inception. In that year the first and only non-team Pure Strength competition was held. Although it was not part of the WSM franchise, some commentators regard it as a replacement for WSM in that year.[citation needed]
Most top three places[edit]
Times Name
10 Žydrūnas Savickas
8 Brian Shaw
7 Jón Páll Sigmarsson
Mariusz Pudzianowski
6 Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson
Magnús Ver Magnússon
Geoff Capes
5 Bill Kazmaier
Magnus Samuelsson
Most times qualified for WSM: Žydrūnas Savickas, Magnus Samuelsson - 13 times
Most WSM finals: Žydrūnas Savickas, - 11 times
Most consecutive WSM finals: Terry Hollands - 9 times (2006-2014)
Most times WSM top 5 placings:, Žydrūnas Savickas, - 10 times
Championships by country[edit]
Country Gold Silver Bronze Total
United States 11 7 9 27
Iceland 8 7 4 19
Poland 5 3 0 8
United Kingdom 5 2 8 15
Lithuania 4 7 0 11
Finland 3 3 5 11
Sweden 1 3 4 8
Netherlands 1 2 4 7
Norway 1 1 1 3
Ukraine 1 0 1 2
Denmark 0 2 0 2
Canada 0 1 1 2
South Africa 0 1 1 2
Austria 0 1 0 1
Latvia 0 0 1 1
Russia 0 0 1 1
Australia, Bulgaria, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Fiji, France, Germany, Grenada, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Serbia and Samoa have all placed in Top 10 but never won a medal.
Hall of Fame[edit]
The WSM Hall of Fame was created in 2008, to recognize the greatest competitors in the history of the contest.[60] As of 2017, there are 6 members of the WSM Hall of Fame, Mariusz Pudzianowski, Svend Karlsen, Jón Páll Sigmarsson and Bill Kazmaier.[60] The official WSM website holds online voting to determine who is elected to the Hall of Fame as voted by the fans.[60]
Hall of Fame Members[edit]
Jón Páll Sigmarsson
Mariusz Pudzianowski
Svend Karlsen
Bill Kazmaier
See also[edit]
List of strongman competitions
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Pillars of Hercules Event".
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Jump up ^ "Conan's Wheel".
Jump up ^ "Norse Hammers".
Jump up ^ "Episode 1, Series 6, Room 101 - BBC One". BBC. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
Jump up ^ "See the results for the Commerce World's Strongest Man 2016 elite fitness event on FloElite.com". floelite.com.
Jump up ^ "Zydrunas Savickas: World's Strongest Man Winner". ironmind.com.
Jump up ^ "Ž.Savickas ketvirtą kartą tapo galiūnų pasaulio čempionu".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hall of Fame". The Worlds Strongest Man. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
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Irish pub
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the national legal body, see Bar Council of Ireland.
O'Donoghue's Pub, Dublin, Ireland
The Joymount Arms, Carrickfergus, County Antrim
An Irish pub is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. They are characterised by a unique culture centred around a casual and friendly atmosphere, hearty food and drink, Irish sports, and traditional Irish music. Their widespread appeal has led to the Irish pub theme spreading around the world.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Ireland and Northern Ireland
2.1 Northern Ireland
2.2 Culture and etiquette
2.2.1 Traditional Irish music
3 Around the world
3.1 North America
3.2 Worldwide
4 Tourism
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
7 Further reading
History[edit]
Keating's, a family-owned country pub.
Maguire's Bar, Moville, Inishowen, County Donegal.
Irish pubs have existed for roughly a millennium, with the title "oldest pub in Ireland" held by Sean's Bar in Athlone, County Westmeath which was established in the 10th century. The Brazen Head in Dublin City was established in 1198 and holds the title "oldest pub in Dublin". It was not until 1635 that the government required pubs to be licensed.[1] Grace Neill's in Donaghadee, County Down, Northern Ireland, which became licensed in 1611, holds the title of "oldest licensed pub in Ireland".[1] Irish pubs or public houses were the working man's alternative to the private drinking establishments frequented by those who could pay for entry.[2] In 1735 the Drink on Credit to Servants Act was enacted stating that any publican who sold a drink on credit to servants, labourers or other low-wage earners had no right to seek help from the law in recovering that debt. It is the oldest law related to pubs in Ireland that is still in effect. During the 18th century it also became illegal to be married in a pub.[1]
Irish pubs underwent a major transformation during the 19th century when a growing temperance movement in Ireland forced publicans to diversify their businesses to compensate for declining spirit sales. Thus, the 'Spirit grocery' was established. Pub owners combined the running of the pub with a grocery, hardware or other ancillary business on the same premises (in some cases, publicans also acted as undertakers, and this unusual combination is still common today in the Republic of Ireland).[3][4] Spirit groceries continued to operate through World War One when British law limited the number of hours that pubs could operate.[5] Some spirit groceries continued after the war, only closing in the 1960s when supermarkets and grocery chain stores arrived. With the arrival of increased competition in the retail sector, many pubs lost the retail end of their business and concentrated solely on the licensed trade. Many pubs in Ireland still resemble grocer's shops of the mid nineteenth century, with the bar counter and rear shelving taking up the majority of the space in the main bar area, apparently leaving little room for customers. This seemingly counter-productive arrangement is a design artefact dating from earlier operation as a spirit grocery, and also accounts for the differing external appearance of British and Irish pubs. Spirit grocers in Northern Ireland were forced to choose between either the retail or the licensed trades upon the partition of Ireland in 1922, so this pub type can no longer be found in the North.[2]
Unlike their British counterparts, Irish pubs are usually named after the current or previous owner or the street they are located on. Elaborate exterior decoration is rare, but was typified by The Irish House on Wood Quay in Dublin, which was surrounded in 1870 by coloured friezes of nationalist heroes, and with iconic traditional themes such as round towers.[6] Parts of Ulysses were filmed in this pub in 1967. Irish pubs traditionally did not sell food as dining out was not a major part of Irish culture. That changed in the 1970s and food is now a significant part of the Irish pub experience.[2] Over the years, individual Irish pubs have been associated with famous Irish writers and poets such as Patrick Kavanagh, Brendan Behan and James Joyce. In 2004, the Irish government passed a law outlawing smoking in pubs resulting in many pubs having outdoor smoking areas.[7]
Ireland and Northern Ireland[edit]
The vast majority of pubs in Ireland are independently owned and licensed, or owned by a chain that does not have any brewery involvement, generally meaning that nearly every pub sells a similar but extensive range of products.
Following the introduction of smoking bans in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (in April 2007), many pubs offer enclosed and often heated outdoor smoking areas.
Northern Ireland[edit]
The Gweedore Bar (beside Peadar O'Donnell's), Derry.
Cassidy's Pub, Carran, Co. Clare
The Black Shop Bar, Castlecove, Kerry
Pubs in Northern Ireland are largely identical to their counterparts in the Republic except for the aforementioned lack of spirit grocers. Traditional pubs in Belfast include The Crown Liquor Saloon (owned by the National Trust) and the city's oldest bar, White's Tavern, which was established in 1630 as a wine shop. Outside Belfast, pubs such as the House of McDonnell in Ballycastle (a former spirit grocery retaining all the characteristics of the type) are representative of the traditional country pub. Peadar O'Donnell's is a famous traditional pub on Waterloo Street in Derry, while The Farmers Home is another fine traditional pub in Strabane, County Tyrone.
Culture and etiquette[edit]
For centuries, the Irish public house has been an integral part of Irish social culture. In Ireland the local pub is a pillar of the community the same way the local church would be.[8] It functions as both a place to consume alcohol at leisure as well as a place in which to meet and greet the people of a locality. In many cases, Irish people will have one (or more) pubs which are referred to as 'the local' which is the pub which they frequent most often.[2] There is generally a very close and mutual understanding and informality between the customer and the staff and, in many cases, particularly in country pubs, virtually all of the regular customers will know each other very well.[2][7] That warm and friendly atmosphere extends to outsiders as well and it is not uncommon for strangers or tourists to be drawn into conversations with locals. In addition to the casual social atmosphere, hearty food and drink, sports, and traditional Irish music are hallmarks of pub culture. Food is usually simple and traditional featuring classic Irish dishes like Irish stew, boxty, and Irish soda bread.[7] Drinks include a variety of spirits and beers on tap but one can certainly expect Guinness and Irish whiskey such as Bushmills or Jameson. Irish pubs with televisions frequently show Gaelic games such as Gaelic football or hurling.[9] While not all Irish pubs will feature live Irish music, it is an important part of the culture.
The etiquette in Irish pubs varies from place to place. Generally speaking, however, it is never necessary to tip staff. The only exception to this rule might be in a pub which has waiters for serving food, or for staff at a hotel bar, or on special occasions or events when the bar staff show particular skill, hard-work or good-humour. But again, this is rare. In addition, unless there are waiters, patrons must order their drinks at the bar, pay the bartender and bring drinks to their seats.[8] It is traditional that, when with a group, patrons take turns buying rounds of drinks for the group as a whole. It is considered bad manners to leave before buying your round of drinks.[8] The traditional Irish toast is "Slainte" (SLAWN-chuh) which is the Gaelic equivalent of "cheers".[7]
Traditional Irish music[edit]
Traditional Irish music cannot be found in every Irish pub but many feature live Irish music sessions every weekend.[7] Musicians play jigs, reels and other folk songs with bagpipes, fiddles, drums, and flutes. There can be singers as well. Musicians aren't always paid but usually receive free drinks for their music.[9].
Around the world[edit]
North America[edit]
St.Patrick's pub in Quebec, Canada.
The tradition of the Irish pub in the United States is a rich one and it is virtually impossible to find any city on the continent without its own unique representation of Irish pub culture. Many examples of these pubs date back to the early 20th century or even mid to late 19th century and most of them came into being as a result of large-scale emigration from Ireland since the 1840s.
The most recent wave of Irish pubs started appearing during the 1990s with the arrival of venues modelled on the great Victorian pubs of Ireland. The new wave of Irish pubs can be attributed to the Guinness Irish Pub Concept and the Irish Pub Company founded by Mel McNally in 1990 and dedicated to exporting the Irish pub around the world.[10][11] The pubs the Irish Pub Company established were designed to be as authentic as possible and usually featured millwork and fittings made in Ireland and transported to North America.[12] As this style of pub became very popular and successful, many more began to open across the United States. However, as the cost of importing woodwork and fittings for an Irish pub became prohibitive, prospective owners looked more locally and nearly all of the required material is now more than adequately supplied from within the United States or Canada.
While many pubs are still owned by individuals of Irish origin, the vast majority of new Irish pubs being opened are owned by American or Canadian restaurant operators who recognise the very attractive business model and potential return on investment. In an industry where profit margins can be low, margins in Irish pubs are significantly higher than those achieved within the mainstream casual-dining sector, mainly because of the very high and profitable ratio of beverage to food. Irish pubs also have the ability to attract business during periods when their casual-dining counterparts are traditionally slow. Examples of the "Irish pub" concept translating to American casual dining include O'Charley's and Bennigan's. However, these are not true representations of the Irish Pub and their food is very much on the theme of American Roadhouse. The first ever convention for Irish Pub operators took place in Philadelphia during 2011, an immensely successful event that attracted nearly 200 operators from the US and elsewhere.[13]
Often, the Irish theme extends only to the name and the decor, while the menus are much like those in other North American bars or full of faux-Irish dishes like "Irish nachos" and Reuben egg rolls.[14] Irish pubs in North America that try to be authentic usually ensure that food is 'made from scratch', from fresh ingredients and using local produce where possible.
Worldwide[edit]
Irish pub in Krakow, Poland
An Irish bar in Kunming (昆明), Yunnan (云南), China.
There are an estimated 7,000 Irish themed pubs worldwide. They have been criticised for a lack of authenticity. They are particularly prevalent wherever expatriate communities are found, arguably due to a sense of connection to the Irish diaspora.[15]
While pubs run by Irish emigrants have existed for centuries, the Irish theme pub is estimated to date from 1991, when the Irish Pub Company opened its first outlet in a scheme backed by the brewer Guinness. The Irish Pub Company opened 2,000 pubs across Europe between 1992 and 1999. They have establishments in over 53 countries around the world.[16]
Tourism[edit]
Irish Pub in Moscow, Russia
Pubs in tourist-oriented areas are also more likely to serve food to their customers, a recent phenomenon dating from the 1970s. Prior to this time, food was not served in the vast majority of Irish pubs, as eating out was uncommon in Ireland (except in "eating-houses" set up on market days) and most towns and villages had at least one commercial hotel where food was available throughout the day.[2][17]
See also[edit]
List of public house topics
Australian pub
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Bunbury, Turtyle (April 2007). "A Pint-Sized History of the Irish Pub". www.turtlebunbury.com. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "A Sweet Little History of Irish Pubs and Pub Tour of Ireland Advice". www.tenontours.com. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
Jump up ^ http://www.karott.com/gallery/thumbnails_2002/undertakerpub.jpg
Jump up ^ The Road to McCarthy
Jump up ^ "The Carlisle Experiment - limiting alcohol in wartime | The National Archives blog". The National Archives blog. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Times". January 29, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Pubs: Ireland's Watering Holes by Rick Steves | ricksteves.com". www.ricksteves.com. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Irish Pub Culture and Pub Life". GaelicMatters.com. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pubs in Ireland - Irish Culture & Traditions". YourIrish.com. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
Jump up ^ "Our Story - The Irish Pub Company | Pub Design experts, providing original concepts and design advice". The Irish Pub Company | Pub Design experts, providing original concepts and design advice. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
Jump up ^ "The Guinness Pub Concept". Ballance Hospitality. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Why You Can Find an Irish Pub Almost Anywhere on Earth". mensjournal.com. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
Jump up ^ http://www.manageforprofit.com Opening an authentic Irish Pub in North America
Jump up ^ Zeldes, Leah A. (10 March 2010). "'Irish' food in Chicago isn't quite so in Ireland". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
Jump up ^ Even Ulan Bator has Irish pubs
Jump up ^ "Why You Can Find an Irish Pub Almost Anywhere on Earth". mensjournal.com. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
Jump up ^ Culinary Odyssey
Bibliography[edit]
Kumin, Beat A. & Tlusty, Ann (2002) The World of the Tavern: public houses in early modern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate ISBN 0-7546-0341-5
Irwin, Colin (2004) In Search of the Craic: one man's pub crawl through Irish music. London: André Deutsch ISBN 0-233-00095-X
Ireland's "Crack" Habit
Further reading[edit]
McGovern, Mark (2002). "The 'Craic' Market: Irish Theme Bars and the Commodification of Irishness in Contemporary Britain". Irish Journal of Sociology. 11.2: 77–98.
Margaret Scanlan: Culture and Customs of Ireland, Greenwood Publishing Group 2006, ISBN 0-313-33162-6, pp. 99–101 (online copy, p. 99, at Google Books)
Cian Molloy: The story of the Irish pub: An intoxicating history of the licensed trade in Ireland. Liffey Press 2002, ISBN 1-904148-13-1
James Fennell, Turtle Bunbury: The Irish Pub. James & Hudson 2008, ISBN 978-0-500-51428-3
Bill Barich: A Pint of Plain: Tradition, Change and the Fate of the Irish Pub. Bloomsbury Publishing 2009, ISBN 978-1-4088-0141-3
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_pub&oldid=814109025"
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values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Pub
Irish Pub – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_pub
Irish pub – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: میخانه ایرلندی – Persian

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierse_pub
Ierse pub – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_pub
Irish pub – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values: Ирландский паб – Russian

values: 愛爾蘭式酒吧 – Chinese

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Irish_pub rootpage-Irish_pub skin-vector action-view