text:
List of Prime Ministers of Australia by time in office
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This is a list of Prime Ministers of Australia by time in office. The basis of the list is the inclusive number of days from being sworn in until leaving office.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rank by time in office
1.1 Prime Ministers' parties by time in office
2 See also
3 External links
Rank by time in office[edit]
Parties
Labor Liberal Country (National) United Australia Nationalist
National Labor Commonwealth Liberal Free Trade Protectionist
Rank
No
Prime Minister
Portrait
Party
Division
Assumed
Office
Left
Office
TERM
Time in Office
TOTAL
Time in Office
Election
Wins
1. 12th Sir Robert Menzies
(1894–1978) United Australia Kooyong, VIC
(1934–1966) 26 April 1939 29 August 1941 7002856000000000000♠2 years, 125 days 18 years, 163 days 1940 1949 1951
1954 1955 1958
1961 1963
Liberal 19 December 1949 26 January 1966 7003588200000000000♠16 years, 38 days
2. 25th John Howard
(born 1939) Liberal Bennelong, NSW
(1974–2007) 11 March 1996 3 December 2007 7003428400000000000♠11 years, 267 days 1996 1998 2001
2004
3. 23rd Bob Hawke
(born 1929) Labor Wills, VIC
(1980–1992) 11 March 1983 20 December 1991 7003320600000000000♠8 years, 284 days 1983 1984 1987
1990
4. 22nd Malcolm Fraser
(1930–2015) Liberal Wannon, VIC
(1955–1983) 11 November 1975 11 March 1983 7003267700000000000♠7 years, 120 days 1975 1977 1980
5. 7th Billy Hughes
(1862–1952) Labor West Sydney, NSW
(1901–1917)
Bendigo, VIC
(1917–1922)
North Sydney, NSW
(1922–1949) 27 October 1915 9 February 1923 7003266200000000000♠7 years, 105 days 1917 1919 1922
National Labor
Nationalist
6. 10th Joseph Lyons
(1879–1939) United Australia Wilmot, TAS
(1929–1939) 6 January 1932 7 April 1939 7003264800000000000♠7 years, 91 days 1931 1934 1937
7. 8th Stanley Bruce
(1883–1967) Nationalist Flinders, VIC
(1918–1929) 9 February 1923 22 October 1929 7003244700000000000♠6 years, 255 days 1925 1928
8. 2nd Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919) Protectionist Ballaarat, VIC
(1901–1913) 24 September 1903 27 April 1904 7002216000000000000♠216 days 4 years, 313 days 1903 1906
5 July 1905 13 November 1908 7003122700000000000♠3 years, 131 days
Commonwealth Liberal 2 June 1909 29 April 1910 7002331000000000000♠331 days
9. 5th Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928) Labor Wide Bay, QLD
(1901–1915) 13 November 1908 2 June 1909 7002201000000000000♠201 days 4 years, 297 days 1910 1914
29 April 1910 24 June 1913 7003115200000000000♠3 years, 56 days
17 September 1914 27 October 1915 7002405000000000000♠1 year, 40 days
10. 16th Ben Chifley
(1885–1951) Labor Macquarie, NSW
(1940–1951) 13 July 1945 19 December 1949 7003162000000000000♠4 years, 159 days 1946
11. 24th Paul Keating
(born 1944) Labor Blaxland, NSW
(1969–1996) 20 December 1991 11 March 1996 7003154300000000000♠4 years, 82 days 1993
12. 14th John Curtin
(1885–1945) Labor Fremantle, WA
(1934–1945) 7 October 1941 5 July 1945 7003136700000000000♠3 years, 271 days 1943
13. 19th John Gorton
(1911–2002) Liberal Senate (VIC)
(22.2.1950 – 1.2.1968)
Not in Parliament
(2.2.1968 – 23.2.1968)
Higgins, VIC
(24.2.1968 – 11.11.1975) 10 January 1968 10 March 1971 7003115500000000000♠3 years, 59 days 1969
14. 27th Julia Gillard
(born 1961) Labor Lalor, VIC
(1998–2013) 24 June 2010 27 June 2013 7003109900000000000♠3 years, 3 days 2010
15. 21st Gough Whitlam
(1916–2014) Labor Werriwa, NSW
(1952–1978) 5 December 1972 11 November 1975 7003107100000000000♠2 years, 341 days 1972 1974
16. 26th Kevin Rudd
(born 1957) Labor Griffith, QLD
(1998–2013) 3 December 2007 24 June 2010 7002934000000000000♠2 years, 203 days 2 years, 286 days 2007
27 June 2013 18 September 2013 7001830000000000000♠83 days
17. 1st Sir Edmund Barton
(1849–1920) Protectionist Hunter, NSW
(1901–1903) 1 January 1901 24 September 1903 7002996000000000000♠2 years, 266 days 1901
18. 29th Malcolm Turnbull
(born 1954) Liberal Wentworth, NSW
(2004–present) 15 September 2015 Incumbent 7002987000000000000♠2 years, 256 days 2016
19. 9th James Scullin
(1876–1953) Labor Yarra, VIC
(1922–1949) 22 October 1929 6 January 1932 7002806000000000000♠2 years, 76 days 1929
20. 28th Tony Abbott
(born 1957) Liberal Warringah, NSW
(1994–present) 18 September 2013 15 September 2015 7002727000000000000♠1 year, 362 days 2013
21. 17th Harold Holt
(1908–1967) Liberal Higgins, VIC
(1949–1967) 26 January 1966 19 December 1967 7002692000000000000♠1 year, 327 days 1966
22. 20th William McMahon
(1908–1988) Liberal Lowe, NSW
(1949–1982) 10 March 1971 5 December 1972 7002636000000000000♠1 year, 270 days
23. 6th Joseph Cook
(1860–1947) Commonwealth Liberal Parramatta, NSW
(1901–1921) 24 June 1913 17 September 1914 7002450000000000000♠1 year, 85 days 1913
24. 4th George Reid
(1845–1918) Free Trade East Sydney, NSW
(1901–1910) 18 August 1904 5 July 1905 7002321000000000000♠321 days
25. 3rd Chris Watson
(1867–1941) Labor Bland, NSW
(1901–1906) 27 April 1904 18 August 1904 7002113000000000000♠113 days
26. 13th Arthur Fadden
(1894–1973) Country Darling Downs, QLD
(1936–1949) 29 August 1941 7 October 1941 7001390000000000000♠39 days
27. 18th John McEwen
(1900–1980) Country Murray, VIC
(1949–1971) 19 December 1967 10 January 1968 7001220000000000000♠22 days
28. 11th Sir Earle Page
(1880–1961) Country Cowper, NSW
(1919–1961) 7 April 1939 26 April 1939 7001190000000000000♠19 days
29. 15th Frank Forde
(1890–1983) Labor Capricornia, QLD
(1922–1946) 6 July 1945 13 July 1945 7000700000000000000♠7 days
Prime Ministers' parties by time in office[edit]
Liberal Party of Australia – 17047 days as of 29 May 2018.
Australian Labor Party – 13620 days
Nationalist Party – 5142 days
United Australia Party – 3505 days
Protectionist Party – 2442 days
Commonwealth Liberal Party – 783 days
Free Trade Party – 322 days
Country Party – 84 days
See also[edit]
Prime Minister of Australia
List of Australian state premiers by time in office
List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office
List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand by time in office
List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by tenure
External links[edit]
From Menzies to Malcolm: the careers of Australia's prime ministers visualised
[show]
v
t
e
Prime Ministers of Australia (list)
Barton
Deakin
Watson
Reid
Deakin
Fisher
Deakin
Fisher
Cook
Fisher
Hughes
Bruce
Scullin
Lyons
Page
Menzies
Fadden
Curtin
Forde
Chifley
Menzies
Holt
McEwen
Gorton
McMahon
Whitlam
Fraser
Hawke
Keating
Howard
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Gillard
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Abbott
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[show]
v
t
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Order of service
graphical
Constituency
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Political affiliation
Time in office
Personal life
Age
Education
Military service
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Australia_by_time_in_office&oldid=840199858"
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Race and ethnicity in the NHL
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The National Hockey League evolved from a mono-ethnic and primarily Canadian professional athletic league to span North America.[1][2][3][4][5] The distribution of ethnic groups has been gradually changing since the inception of the NHL.[6] The league consists of a variety of players from varying nationalities and diverse backgrounds. Once known as a league riddled with racism and exclusiveness, the NHL has made positive steps toward a more diverse and inclusive institution.[7]
According to statistics,[8] gathered by www.quanthockey.com, the NHL began its expansion of player nationalities in the 1970s, where players hailed from the United States, Sweden, and Finland. The share of Canadians in the league dropped to 75% by the 1980s and is now slightly less than 50%.[8] In 2011, the NHL was composed of 93 percent of players who identified as white, with the remaining 7 percent identifying as varying ethnicities.[9][needs update]
History[edit]
A number of ice hockey leagues for players of African descent formed in Canada as early as the late-19th century. The Coloured Hockey League was an all-black ice hockey league established in 1895. Operating across the Maritime provinces of Canada, the league operated for several decades until 1930.
Although other ice hockey leagues saw integration in the early 20th century (including the Quebec Senior Hockey League), the NHL did not see its first non-white player until March 13, 1948, when Larry Kwong broke the NHL's colour barrier playing with the New York Rangers.[10] Born in Vernon, British Columbia, Kwong was a Chinese Canadian of Cantonese descent.[11] In 1953, Fred Sasakamoose was the first Cree NHL player, and the first Canadian indigenous player in the NHL, debuting with the Chicago Black Hawks. On January 18, 1958, Willie O'Ree became the first Black Canadian to play in the NHL. Playing with the Boston Bruins, he was also the first NHL player of African-descent.[12]
Val James was the first African American player to play in the NHL. James signed his contract with the Buffalo Sabres in 1982.[13] His stint with the Buffalo Sabres and Toronto Maple Leafs were short lived and he eventually retired in 1987 due to injury.[13] He experienced racism as the first player throughout his skating career. He never spoke of racism on the ice until 30 years after his career ended. In his account, he reported he could not watch hockey games for 10 years after leaving the ice without being haunted by the memories of his treatment as a man of color in the NHL.[14] His hostile experiences were and continue to be representative of how institutional racism permeates the culture and socialization of men (and women) sports. A biography of his life in the sport was published under the title Black Ice: The Val James Story written by John Gallagher.[15] The number of black NHL players moved to 26 by the end of the 20th century and sat at 32 in 2016. This is a seemingly minor yet significant change in the racial demographic of the NHL in its hundred-year history.[9]
In addition to black and white players, other races and ethnicities represented in the NHL (in the 2017–18 season) include players of Middle Eastern-descent (including Brandon Saad, Justin Abdelkader, Mika Zibanejad, and Nazem Kadri), players of Latino-descent (including Al Montoya, Auston Matthews, Max Pacioretty, and Raffi Torres), and players of Asian-descent (including Kailer Yamamoto, and Matthew Dumba).
See also[edit]
Baseball color line
Black players in ice hockey
List of black NHL players
Black players in professional American football
History of African Americans in the Canadian Football League
Race and ethnicity in the NBA
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Farber, Michael. "Soul On Ice: Black players in the NHL". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "NBC's Portrayal of U.S. and Canadian Hockey Players on the Olympic Stage: A Textual Analysis of Gender, Race, and Nationality Issues in the Commentary". ProQuest. 1 January 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2016 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Shephard, Roy J. (27 November 2014). "An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World". Springer. Retrieved 8 December 2016 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Drake, Matt (28 March 2014). "Being black in the NHL". SB Nation. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Group, Vibe Media (1 March 1994). "Vibe". Vibe Media Group. Retrieved 6 December 2016 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "Masaryk University Faculty of Arts : Department of English and American Studies" (PDF). Is.muni.cz. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
Jump up ^ SELL, DAVE (1 April 1990). "Blacks and Hockey Maintain a Tenuous Relationship". Retrieved 7 December 2016 – via LA Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "NHL Nationality Breakdown". QuantHockey.com. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thrashers Top NHL With Highest Percentage Of Black Players". WSB-TV. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
Jump up ^ Ward, Rachel (19 March 2018). "NHL trailblazer Larry Kwong dies at 94". CBC News. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ NHL, "CBC targets Chinese hockey fans with Mandarin broadcasts of NHL playoffs", Canadian Press, 2008 April 20
Jump up ^ Harris, Cecil (2003). Breaking the Ice: The Black Experience in Professional Hockey. Toronto: Insomniac Press. p. 20. ISBN 1897415052. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "IAs First Black American NHL Player, Enforcer Was Defenseless Vs. Racism." All Things Considered 26 Feb. 2015. General OneFile. Web. 10 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "NHL - Pioneer Val James not bitter about his tortured playing days". Espn.com. 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
Jump up ^ "Val James First US Born Black Player in NHL Publishes Autobiography". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_NHL&oldid=852172170"
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Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen
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This article is about the shared career and activities of two American actresses. For the individuals, see Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen.
Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen
Ashley (left) and Mary-Kate (right) at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival
Born
Mary-Kate Olsen
Ashley Olsen
(1986-06-13) June 13, 1986 (age 32)
Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation
Fashion designers
actresses
Years active
Ashley:
1987–2004 (actress)
Mary-Kate:
1987–2012 (actress)
Both:
2004–present (fashion designers)
Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen (born June 13, 1986), also known as the Olsen twins collectively, are American fashion designers and former child actresses. The dizygotic twins made their acting debut as infants playing Michelle Tanner on the television series Full House. At the age of six, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen began starring together in TV, film, and video projects, which continued to their teenage years. Through their company Dualstar, the Olsens joined the ranks of the wealthiest women in the entertainment industry at a young age.
Contents
1 Life and career
1.1 Childhood and acting career
1.2 Fashion career
2 Filmography
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Life and career
Childhood and acting career
The twins were born in Sherman Oaks, California, to David "Dave" Olsen[1] (b. 1953) and Jarnette "Jarnie" (née Jones;[2] b. 1954). They are dizygotic twins.[3] They have an elder brother, Trent, and a younger sister, actress Elizabeth, as well as a half-sister, Courtney Taylor, and a half-brother, Jake.[4] The twins' parents divorced in 1995; Taylor and Jake are from their father's second marriage to McKenzie.[5] The Olsen twins have English and Norwegian ancestry.[6]
In 1987, at the age of six months, the twins were cast in the role of Michelle Tanner on the ABC sitcom Full House. They began filming at nine months old. In order to comply with child labor laws that set strict limits on how long a child actor may work, the sisters took turns playing the role. The Olsens continued to portray Michelle throughout the show's run, which concluded in 1995.
In 1992, Mary-Kate and Ashley shared the role of Michelle Tanner when they guest-starred on the Full House crossover episode of Hangin' with Mr. Cooper. While starring on Full House, the Olsens also began appearing (as separate characters) in films for video and television. The first such film, To Grandmother's House We Go, debuted in 1992 and featured cameos from several other Full House actors. In 1993, the Olsens established the company Dualstar, which would produce the twins' subsequent films and videos, including 1993's Double, Double, Toil and Trouble and 1994's How the West Was Fun. A series of musical mystery videos called The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley premiered in 1994 and continued through 1997.
In 1995, following the end of Full House, the Olsens made their feature film debut in It Takes Two, co-starring Steve Guttenberg and Kirstie Alley. In the same year, they introduced a second video series, You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's..., which continued to release new entries until 2000.
The following year, the Olsens appeared in an episode of All My Children.[7] In 1997, they appeared once again as guest stars in an episode of Sister Sister. Also, in 1998, the twins returned to series television with another ABC sitcom, Two of a Kind, co-starring Christopher Sieber as their characters' widowed father. The series lasted only one season but aired in reruns on cable for several years afterward. 1998 also saw the release of Billboard Dad, the first of a new string of direct-to-video films starring the Olsens. The final such film, The Challenge, debuted in 2003.
In 2000, the Olsens appeared in an episode of 7th Heaven as bad girls Sue and Carol Murphy.[8] The following year, the sisters starred in two new series: So Little Time, a live-action sitcom on Fox Family (later ABC Family); and Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action!, an animated series airing Saturday mornings on ABC. Both shows were canceled after one season, although Mary-Kate received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her performance on So Little Time.
In early 2004, Mary-Kate and Ashley had a cameo voice role in an episode of The Simpsons as the readers of Marge's book-on-tape, The Harpooned Heart.[9] Also in 2004, the twins starred in a second feature film, New York Minute. It would be their last film together, as well as Ashley's last acting role. Mary-Kate has continued to appear in film and television.
Mary-Kate and Ashley had a fan club until 2000, "Mary-Kate & Ashley's Fun Club", where fans would pay to receive Mary-Kate and Ashley collectibles and photos. Each subscription included an issue of Our Funzine, Mary-Kate and Ashley's fan club magazine, exclusively available through the club, and a collectibles catalog, where one could purchase T-shirts, posters, baseball caps, key rings, school folders, postcards, and various other items. Subscribers would also receive "surprise gifts" (usually key rings, book excerpts, or back issues of the Funzine), lyric sheets to Mary-Kate and Ashley's songs, a school folder, a membership card, a full-sized poster, two black and white photos (one of each girl), and a color photo with reprint autographs. The club was advertised at the beginning of Mary-Kate and Ashley movies until 1998.[10]
Mary-Kate and Ashley were popular figures in the preteen market during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Their names and likenesses extended, not only to movies and videos, but to clothes, shoes, purses, hats, books, CDs and cassette tapes, fragrances and makeup, magazines, video and board games, dolls, posters, calendars, and even telephones and CD players—with a market share made up mostly of the tween demographic. Mattel produced various sets of Mary-Kate and Ashley fashion dolls from 2000 to 2005, along with separate outfits and accessory packs.
The sisters became co-presidents of Dualstar on their 18th birthday in 2004. Upon taking control of the company, Mary-Kate and Ashley made moves to secure the future of the company by releasing products that appealed to the teen market, including home decoration and fragrances.[11] The Dualstar brand has been sold in more than 3,000 stores in the United States and over 5,300 stores worldwide.[12] The Olsens have appeared on the Forbes "Celebrity 100" list since 2002; in 2007, Forbes ranked them (collectively) as the eleventh-richest women in entertainment, with an estimated net worth of US $100 million.[13]
Fashion career
As the sisters have matured, they expressed greater interest in their fashion choices, with The New York Times declaring Mary-Kate a fashion icon for pioneering her signature (and now popular among celebrities and fans alike) "homeless" look.[14] The style sometimes referred to by fashion journalists as "ashcan" or "bohemian-bourgeois",[15] is similar to the boho-chic style popularized in Britain by Kate Moss and Sienna Miller. The look consists of oversized sunglasses, boots, loose sweaters, and flowing skirts, with an aesthetic of mixing high-end and low-end pieces.[15] The twins were tapped as the faces of upscale fashion line Badgley Mischka in 2006.[16]
The Olsens had a clothing line for girls ages 4–14 in Wal-Mart stores across North America, as well as a beauty line called "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Real fashion for real girls". In 2004, they made news by signing a pledge to allow full maternity leave to all the workers that sew their line of clothing in Bangladesh. The National Labor Committee, which organized the pledge, praised the twins for their commitment to worker rights.[17]
The Olsens have also launched their own couture fashion label, The Row, named after Savile Row in London.[18] In 2007, they launched Elizabeth & James, a contemporary collection inspired by many of their unique vintage finds and pieces in their personal wardrobes. They have also released a women's clothing line for J.C. Penney, called Olsenboye, and a T-shirt line called "StyleMint".[19] In 2008, the sisters published the book Influence, a compilation of interviews with many of the most prominent people in the field of fashion. In August 2013, the twins launched a new fashion line in Oslo, Norway.[20] The Olsens were first named Womenswear Designer of the Year by the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) for The Row in 2012. They received the award again in 2015.[21][22] The CFDA also named the Olsens Accessories Designer of the Year in 2014 for their work with The Row.[23]
Filmography
This filmography is of the twins as a duo. See Mary-Kate Olsen for other productions in which she has appeared.
Television and Film
Year(s)
Title
Mary-Kate's role
Ashley's role
Notes
1987–1995 Full House Michelle Tanner (shared role) 191 episodes
1992 Hangin' with Mr. Cooper Michelle Tanner (shared role) Episode: "Hangin' With Michelle" (1.02)
1992 To Grandmother's House We Go Sarah Thompson Julie Thompson TV movie
1993 Our First Video Herself Herself Direct-to-video release
1993 Double, Double, Toil and Trouble Kelly Farmer & Young Aunt Sophia Lynn Farmer & Young Aunt Agatha TV movie
1994 How the West Was Fun Jessica Martin Suzy Martin TV movie
1994 The Little Rascals Twin #2 Twin #1 Cameo role
1994–1997 The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley Herself Herself Video series, 11 videos
1995 It Takes Two Amanda Lemmon Alyssa Callaway
1995–2000 You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's... Herself Herself Video series, 10 videos
1997 Sister, Sister Herself Herself Episode: "Slime Party" (4.21)
1997 Our Music Video Herself Herself Direct-to-video release
1998 Billboard Dad Tess Tyler Emily Tyler
1998 All My Children Herself Herself 1 episode, October 29, 1998
1998–1999 Two of a Kind Mary-Kate Burke Ashley Burke 1 season
1999 Passport to Paris Melanie "Mel" Porter Allyson "Ally" Porter
1999 Switching Goals Sam Stanton Emma Stanton TV movie
2000 7th Heaven Carol Murphy Sue Murphy Episode: "Gossip" (5.08)
2000 Our Lips Are Sealed Maddie Parker Abby Parker
2001 Mary-Kate & Ashley's Fashion Forward Herself Herself Direct-to-video release
2001 Winning London Chloe Lawrence Riley Lawrence
2001–2002 So Little Time Riley Carlson Chloe Carlson 1 season
2001 Holiday in the Sun Madison Stewart Alex Stewart
2001–2002 Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! Misty (voice) Amber (voice) Animated series, 1 season
2002 Getting There Kylie Hunter Taylor Hunter
2002 When in Rome Charli Hunter Leila Hunter
2003 The Challenge Shane Dalton Elizabeth "Lizzie" Dalton
2003 Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle Future Angel (shared role) Uncredited cameo
2004 The Simpsons Herself (voice) Herself (voice) Episode: "Diatribe of a Mad Housewife" (15.10)
2004 New York Minute Roxanne "Roxy" Ryan Jane Ryan Main roles
See also
List of twins
References
Jump up ^ "Olsen Twins Dad Broke - Dakota Fanning Sports Wish from Mom and Dad". National Ledger. June 27, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Elizabeth Chase Olsen, Born 02/16/1989 in California". CaliforniaBirthIndex.org. February 16, 1989. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ginia Bellafante (October 24, 2008). "No Labels for the Twins but Their Own". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Rozen, Leah (October 11, 2011). "Elizabeth Olsen in 'Martha Marcy May Marlene'". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen Biography". Bio. A+E Networks. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Mobile Marketing Gets Cool Archived April 20, 2013, at Archive-It. eventmarketer.com. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Fanpop, Inc. "1998 - All My Children - Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen Image (20279438) - Fanpop fanclubs". Fanpop.com. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "7th Heaven with the Olsen Twins - Part 1". YouTube. January 11, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Caroline Stanley (July 22, 2010). "Can a Simpsons Cameo Change Your Public Image? – Flavorwire". Flavorwire.com. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Fun Club Stuff". mary-kateandashleyimages.com. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hopkins, Jim (May 6, 2005). "Olsens face growing pains". USA Today.
Jump up ^ "Dualstar Press Kit" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Goldman, Lea and Kiri Blakeley. In Pictures: The Richest 20 Women In Entertainment. January 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hall, Sarah. "Olsen Pad Up for Grabs." (Dead link) March 29, 2005.
^ Jump up to: a b La Ferla, Ruth. "Mary-Kate: Fashion Star." March 6, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hall, Sarah. Olsen Twins Strike a Pose. February 15, 2006.
Jump up ^ Grossberg, Josh. "Mary-Kate, Ashley: No Sweat." December 9, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Ashley and Mary-Kate's sisterly bond." Times of India. August 11, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen Launch New T-Shirts". Contactmusic.com. July 1, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen bring their twin power to Norway". dailymail.co.uk. August 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "CFDA 2015 Winners". cfda.com June 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Row Wins CFDA Womenswear Designer of the Year Once Again". fashionista.com June 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "And the 2014 CFDA Fashion Awards Winners are…". cfda.com June 3, 2014.
Further reading
Olsen, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, with Damon Romine. Mary-Kate and Ashley: Our Story: Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen's Official Biography. HarperEntertainment 2000. ISBN 0-06-107569-8.
Tracy, Kathleen. Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2003. ISBN 1-58415-256-7.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen
Dualstar Entertainment Group Corporate Website
Ashley Olsen on IMDb
Mary-Kate Olsen on IMDb
Mary-Kate Olsen & Ashley Fuller Olsen at the Fashion Model Directory
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