text:
Regular graph
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Graph families defined by their automorphisms
distance-transitive
→
distance-regular
←
strongly regular
↓
symmetric (arc-transitive)
←
t-transitive, t ≥ 2 skew-symmetric
↓
(if connected)
vertex- and edge-transitive
→
edge-transitive and regular
→
edge-transitive
↓
↓
↓
vertex-transitive
→
regular
→
(if bipartite)
biregular
↑
Cayley graph
←
zero-symmetric asymmetric
In graph theory, a regular graph is a graph where each vertex has the same number of neighbors; i.e. every vertex has the same degree or valency. A regular directed graph must also satisfy the stronger condition that the indegree and outdegree of each vertex are equal to each other.[1] A regular graph with vertices of degree k is called a k‑regular graph or regular graph of degree k. Also, from the Handshaking lemma, a regular graph of odd degree will contain an even number of vertices.
Regular graphs of degree at most 2 are easy to classify: A 0-regular graph consists of disconnected vertices, a 1-regular graph consists of disconnected edges, and a 2-regular graph consists of a disjoint union of cycles and infinite chains.
A 3-regular graph is known as a cubic graph.
A strongly regular graph is a regular graph where every adjacent pair of vertices has the same number l of neighbors in common, and every non-adjacent pair of vertices has the same number n of neighbors in common. The smallest graphs that are regular but not strongly regular are the cycle graph and the circulant graph on 6 vertices.
The complete graph K m {\displaystyle K_{m}} is strongly regular for any m {\displaystyle m} .
A theorem by Nash-Williams says that every k‑regular graph on 2k + 1 vertices has a Hamiltonian cycle.
0-regular graph
1-regular graph
2-regular graph
3-regular graph
Contents
[hide]
1 Existence
2 Algebraic properties
3 Generation
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Existence[edit]
It is well known that the necessary and sufficient conditions for a k {\displaystyle k} regular graph of order n {\displaystyle n} to exist are that n ≥ k + 1 {\displaystyle n\geq k+1} and that n k {\displaystyle nk} is even. In such case it is easy to construct regular graphs by considering appropriate parameters for circulant graphs.
Algebraic properties[edit]
Let A be the adjacency matrix of a graph. Then the graph is regular if and only if j = ( 1 , … , 1 ) {\displaystyle {\textbf {j}}=(1,\dots ,1)} is an eigenvector of A.[2] Its eigenvalue will be the constant degree of the graph. Eigenvectors corresponding to other eigenvalues are orthogonal to j {\displaystyle {\textbf {j}}} , so for such eigenvectors v = ( v 1 , … , v n ) {\displaystyle v=(v_{1},\dots ,v_{n})} , we have ∑ i = 1 n v i = 0 {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}v_{i}=0} .
A regular graph of degree k is connected if and only if the eigenvalue k has multiplicity one. The "only if" direction is a consequence of the Perron–Frobenius theorem.[2]
There is also a criterion for regular and connected graphs : a graph is connected and regular if and only if the matrix of ones J, with J i j = 1 {\displaystyle J_{ij}=1} , is in the adjacency algebra of the graph (meaning it is a linear combination of powers of A).[3]
Let G be a k-regular graph with diameter D and eigenvalues of adjacency matrix k = λ 0 > λ 1 ≥ ⋯ ≥ λ n − 1 {\displaystyle k=\lambda _{0}>\lambda _{1}\geq \cdots \geq \lambda _{n-1}} . If G is not bipartite, then
D ≤ log  ( n − 1 ) log  ( λ 0 / λ 1 ) + 1. {\displaystyle D\leq {\frac {\log {(n-1)}}{\log(\lambda _{0}/\lambda _{1})}}+1.} [4]
Generation[edit]
Regular graphs may be generated by the GenReg program.[5]
See also[edit]
Random regular graph
Strongly regular graph
Moore graph
Cage graph
Highly irregular graph
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chen, Wai-Kai (1997). Graph Theory and its Engineering Applications. World Scientific. p. 29. ISBN 978-981-02-1859-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Cvetković, D. M.; Doob, M.; and Sachs, H. Spectra of Graphs: Theory and Applications, 3rd rev. enl. ed. New York: Wiley, 1998.
Jump up ^ Curtin, Brian (2005), "Algebraic characterizations of graph regularity conditions", Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 34 (2-3): 241–248, doi:10.1007/s10623-004-4857-4, MR 2128333 .
Jump up ^ http://personal.plattsburgh.edu/quenelgt/pubpdf/diamest.pdf
Jump up ^ Meringer, Markus (1999). "Fast generation of regular graphs and construction of cages" (PDF). Journal of Graph Theory. 30 (2): 137–146. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0118(199902)30:2<>1.0.CO;2-G.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Regular graphs.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Regular Graph". MathWorld.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Strongly Regular Graph". MathWorld.
GenReg software and data by Markus Meringer.
Nash-Williams, Crispin (1969). "University of Waterloo Research Report". Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo. |contribution= ignored (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regular_graph&oldid=814317825"
Categories:
Graph families
Regular graphs
Hidden categories:
CS1 errors: chapter ignored
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Български
Català
Čeština
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Svenska
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 December 2017, at 02:44.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background: #DD9

value: tr

value: td

values: width: 18.8em; text-align: center; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.666ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.051ex; height:1.676ex;

values:
/wiki/Crispin_St._J._A._Nash-Williams
mw-redirect
Crispin St. J. A. Nash-Williams

values:
/wiki/Hamiltonian_cycle
mw-redirect
Hamiltonian cycle

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.222ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.405ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.76ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.627ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.153ex; width:13.475ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.153ex; width:0.98ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.85ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:9.979ex; height:7.009ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.074ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.953ex; height:2.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:21.422ex; height:6.509ex;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Regular_graph
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Регулярен граф – Bulgarian

values: گراف منتظم – Persian

values: 정규 그래프 – Korean

values: גרף רגולרי – Hebrew

values: Регулярный граф – Russian

values: Регулярний граф – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Regular_graph rootpage-Regular_graph skin-vector action-view


text:
Qdoba
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Qdoba Restaurant Corporation
Trading name
Qdoba Mexican Eats
Formerly called
Zuma Fresh Mexican Grill (1995–1997)
Z-Teca Mexican Grill (1997–1999)
Qdoba Mexican Grill (1999–2015)
Type
Subsidiary
Industry
Restaurants
Founded
1995; 23 years ago (1995) (as Zuma Fresh Mexican Grill)
Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Founders
Anthony Miller
Robert Hauser
Headquarters
San Diego, California, U.S.
Number of locations
729 (2017)[1]
Area served
United States and Canada
Products
Burritos, Tacos, Quesadillas, Nachos, Taco salad, Tortilla soup, Mexican Gumbo
Owner
Apollo Global Management
Website
www.qdoba.com
Qdoba Mexican Eats[2] (/kjuːˈdoʊbə/ kew-DOH-bə),[3][4] is a chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States and Canada serving Mexican-style cuisine. The company operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Jack in the Box after its purchase from ACI Capital,[5] Western Growth Capital, and other private investors in 2003.[6][7]
In December 2017, a consortium of funds led by Apollo Global Management announced the purchase of the Qdoba chain for approximately $305 million. At the time of the announcement, Qdoba had approximately 700 restaurants in 47 states.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Growth
3 Fare
4 Competition
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
This chain traces its origins to the opening of the Zuma Fresh Mexican Grill in 1995 by Colorado native Anthony Miller and partner Robert Hauser at Grant Street and Sixth Avenue in Denver which is still in operation.[9][10]
Interior of a Qdoba restaurant, Woodbridge, Virginia
Miller and Hauser met in New York City, where Miller was an investment banker with Merrill Lynch when Hauser was attending the Culinary Institute of America and working at the famed Le Cirque restaurant. Hauser developed most of the recipes and tried to design the menu to be healthier by replacing the use of traditional animal fats with vegetable oils and tried to use more fresh vegetables and herbs when he could.[11] During the first year, lines stretched out the door during most evenings at dinnertime, but it usually took roughly seven minutes for customers in a 30-person line to get served.[12] Zuma was a made-up name but was also the name of a friend's cat.[10][13]
The Denver, Colorado, location was an immediate success, with first-year revenues exceeding $1,500,000. The cost of opening the 1,300-square-foot (120 m2) store had been only $180,000.
In 1997, the name of the company was changed from Zuma to Z-Teca Mexican Grill because of a lawsuit from another restaurant using the Zuma name in Boston and confusion caused by the similar-sounding ZuZu Handmade Mexican Grill[14] chain that was operating in the Denver area at that time.[15] During the same year, Z-teca began to offer franchise opportunities to entrepreneurs to expand the chain outside of its core territory of Colorado.[16]
In exchange for a large stake, Western Capital and other investors gave the company a large infusion of capital in early 1998 to allow the company to open 25 new locations and nearly triple its size.[17] Later that year, Gary Beisler was hired in 1998 to replace Miller as president and chief operating officer while Miller remained as chief executive officer.[18][19] By mid-1998, Z-Teca had 21 locations in 9 states,[20] with 10 of those locations being franchises.[21] At that time, a chicken burrito cost only $4.79.[20] By December 1999, Z-Teca had 49 locations in 19 states.[18]
Former Qdoba Mexican Grill logo (2010–2015)
Even though Z-Teca was another made-up name, there were lawsuits made by Z'Tejas Southwestern Grill in Arizona and Azteca in Washington state that the Z-Teca name was too similar to their names and it infringed on their tradenames. To overcome these problems, the name Qdoba was invented in 1999[22][13] by ad agency Heckler Associates.[23][24] At the time of the name change to Qdoba Mexican Grill, Gary Beisler replaced Miller as CEO.[18]
Jack in the Box paid $45 million in cash to obtain the Wheat Ridge-based[25] Qdoba from ACI Capital, Western Growth Capital, and other private investors in early 2003.[6]
In October 2012, Beisler announced his retirement[26] and was replaced the following March by Tim Casey.[27][28] Three years later, Casey was replaced by Keith Guilbault in May 2016.[29]
In 2014, Qdoba moved its headquarters from its longtime home in Wheat Ridge to nearby Lakewood.[30] A little over two years later, San Diego-based corporate parent Jack in the Box decided to integrate Qdoba's headquarters into Jack in the Box's main headquarters in California starting in January 2017.[30][31][32]
Growth[edit]
Qdoba Mexican Grill on Andover St. in Peabody, Massachusetts
As of 2013, Qdoba operates over 600 fast-casual restaurant locations throughout the United States.[33]
The first Canadian location opened on December 3, 2012, in Brandon, Manitoba.[34] A second location was opened in London, Ontario, three months later.[35] A third location opened in Winnipeg in 2014.[36]
Qdoba repurchased 25 stores located in Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee from ZT of Louisville, Inc., one its largest franchisees, for an undisclosed sum in mid-2012.[37] Tim Casey replaced Gary Beisler as CEO in March 2013.[27] In June 2013, Qdoba announced it would close a total of 67 underperforming restaurants, including 18 in and around Chicago.[38]
In October 2014, Qdoba changed their price structure to "all-inclusive" in which the price only depended on the type of protein ($7.80 for chicken or vegetarian items and $8.40 for steak, shredded beef or pork), but included all of the "extras" that previously incurred an additional charge, such as guacamole and queso sauce.[39][40] Most people who routinely ordered the "extras" with their burritos did not see much of a price difference after the new prices went into effect. However, light eaters complained that if they wanted to maintain their light eating habits by getting a simple plain item, they were hit with as much as a $2-per-item price increase (as an example, the Craft 2 which went up to $8.40 from $6.49) by paying for items they did not choose to get (like the guacamole), subsidizing other customers who usually paid for the "extras" in the past and, if they chose to get the extras which they normally don't get, those light eaters would increase their waistline through the increased intake of calories, fat, and salt that usually accompanied those "extras".[41][42][43]
Faced with sluggish growth, management decided to make a change in their marketing strategy. As part of the new strategy, the trade name of the restaurants was changed to Qdoba Mexican Eats in October 2015 in the hope of trying to distinguish itself from similar-sounding competitors.[2][44]
By July 2016, the company had 650 restaurants in 47 states, the District of Columbia, and Canada.[32]
Fare[edit]
Qdoba serves burritos made in the San Francisco burrito style,[45] and other foods such as tacos, quesadillas, chile con queso and Mexican gumbo. The restaurant fits into the "fast casual" category, offering both quick service and a higher quality of food than typical fast-food restaurants. Customers order by selecting an entrée then choosing its ingredients. All of the items are made in plain view of the customer. The chain's current slogan is "We Live Food."
To distinguish itself from some of its competitors, Qdoba serves breakfast, and some locations are open 24 hours on weekends.[33]
Qdoba has also opened restaurants in non-traditional locations, such as directly on college campuses, and participates in some college meal plans.[46][47][48]
Competition[edit]
A Qdoba Mexican Grill in Eden Prairie, Minnesota
The main national rivals[49] to Qdoba are Chipotle Mexican Grill (which also started in Denver, two years before Qdoba), Baja Fresh, Moe's Southwest Grill and, to a lesser extent, Panchero's Mexican Grill.
In 2006, the company was involved in a lawsuit in which Panera Bread attempted to invoke a clause in Panera's contract with the White City Shopping Center in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, to stop the opening of a Qdoba Mexican Grill. The clause provided that Panera would be the only sandwich shop in the shopping center. Panera argued that burritos and other tortilla-based foods were, in fact, sandwiches. Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Locke ruled against Panera, concluding, "A sandwich is not commonly understood to include burritos, tacos and quesadillas, which are typically made with a single tortilla and stuffed with a choice filling of meat, rice, and beans."[50] However, the Qdoba in Shrewsbury has since closed, while Moe's Southwest Grill and Chipotle Mexican Grill remain open across the street. But Qdoba revived and opened with Whole Foods in Lakeway Commons which is also in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts.[citation needed]
To keep up with its competition, especially Chipotle Mexican Grill, and to draw more families, Qdoba introduced a kids' menu in December 2009.[51][52]
See also[edit]
List of Mexican restaurants
Colorado portal
Companies portal
Food portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Qdoba Mexican Eats Franchise Information". Retrieved December 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Jennings, Lisa (October 27, 2015). "Qdoba Mexican Grill is now Qdoba Mexican Eats". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved December 27, 2015. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Ask Our Chef - How to Pronounce Qdoba". Qdoba Mexican Grill. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Qdoba Mexican Grill on Twitter: "@the_meltz Q Doh Bah (kew-doh-bah)."". Qdoba via Twitter. January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "ACI Capital - Portfolio". ACI Capital. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
^ Jump up to: a b Robinson-Jacobs, Karen (January 22, 2003). "Jack in the Box Buys Qdoba Restaurant". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "Qdoba restaurant chain sold to Jack in the Box". Louisville Business First. January 22, 2003.
Jump up ^ Bomey, Nathan (December 19, 2017). "Jack in the Box sells struggling Qdoba for $305 million". USA Today. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Parker, Penny (September 9, 1995). "Restaurant rush taking a breather?". Denver Post (Rockies ed.). pp. D–01. (Subscription required (help)). Here's a list of other eateries that will soon compete for diners' dollars... Zuma - A big-burrito place opening at Grant Street and Sixth Avenue
^ Jump up to: a b Cox, Jack (December 21, 1995). "Devouring a Dream Financier, chef concoct winning restaurant". Denver Post (Rockies ed.). pp. E–01. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ St. John, Bill (November 17, 1995). "Bagels to Burritos, All You Need to Eat at 550 Grant St". Rocky Mountain News (Final ed.). p. 24D. (Subscription required (help)). Zuma turns out Denver's favorite sort of nueva cucina Mexicana: burritos the size of Orson Welles... While it will take some doing to knock Chipotle off the crown of the hill, Zuma isn't just a copy cat... One of Zuma's partners, Bob Hauser, graduated from New York's Culinary Institute of America. He does most of Zuma's cooking, and the skill shows... Zuma relies less on lard or animal fats to carry flavor and more on polyunsaturated cooking oils and fresh herbs and spices. It's a good idea and a tasty one, to boot.
Jump up ^ Parker, Penny (June 10, 1996). "Giant burritos invade trendy eateries' scene". Denver Post (Rockies ed.). pp. E–01. (Subscription required (help)).
^ Jump up to: a b Pate, Kelly (December 15, 1999). "Z-Teca changing its name Lawsuits prompted burrito chain switch". Denver Post. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Parker, Penny (February 16, 1995). "ZuZu opening 35 health-Mex outlets in Colorado". Denver Post (Rockies ed.). pp. C–1. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Cox, Jack (December 31, 1996). "Expansion excites restaurant owners". Denver Post (Rockies ed.). pp. E–02. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Parker, Penny (June 11, 1997). "Z-Teca to franchise restaurants Denver chain's first deal will put 12 big-burrito stores in Phoenix area". Denver Post. pp. C–02. (Subscription required (help)). The restaurant company, based in Denver, has registered to sell franchises in 40 states, said co-founder Tony Miller. In its first franchising deal, Z-Teca has signed with a group in Phoenix to open 12 stores, and the company is currently negotiating with groups in three other states to franchise 10 or more stores in each of those territories.
Jump up ^ Parker, Penny (March 2, 1998). "Investors Are Pumping Big Bucks Into Big Burritos: Major investment groups make sure Z-Teca gets lots of Z capital". Denver Post. pp. C–01. (Subscription required (help)). Now it's Chipotle competitor Z-Teca Mexican Grill's turn. Denver's slightly smaller burrito chain, with 12 restaurants, has attracted two major investment groups infusing enough capital into the business for it to open 25 new company-owned stores by the end of the year. Western Growth Capital LLC, a private firm in Denver, specializes in investing in emerging companies in the Rocky Mountain region, said Don Anderson, one of five partners in Western Growth. The other new Z-Teca investors are three heavyweights in the fast-food industry. They are: Martin Hart, a board member for Papa John's America, the pizza franchise company; Jack Laughery, former CEO of Hardee's; and Dan Carney, the founder of Pizza Hut.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Z-TECA Restaurant Corporation Names CEO". PR Newswire (Press release). December 13, 1999. p. 1 – via The Free Library.
Jump up ^ "People on The Move". Denver Post. November 23, 1998. pp. E–05. (Subscription required (help)). Z-Teca Restaurant Corp. named Gary Beisler president and chief operating officer.
^ Jump up to: a b Ruggless, Ron (July 27, 1998). "Z-Teca plans expansion of fresh-made burrito concept". Nation's Restaurant News. 32 (30). p. 76 – via Highbeam Research. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Bunn, Dina (July 28, 1998). "Z-teca Chain Plans Design Make-over 'this Is . . . From Simple Logo to Something More Sophisticated.' - Founder Tony Miller". Rocky Mountain News (Final ed.). p. 4B. (Subscription required (help)). Z-Teca has grown with the help of franchising. Ten of the 21 are franchises. Of the 40 expected to open this year around the country, 26 will be franchises.
Jump up ^ "Z-Teca changes name". Denver Business Journal. December 17, 1999.
Jump up ^ Eagles, Cynthia (January 14, 2002). "Qdoba has recipe for success". Louisville Business First.
Jump up ^ Berta, Dina (December 15, 1999). "Z-teca Changing to Q-doba Restaurant Chain's Name Was Too Similar to Those Of Longer-lived Eateries". Rocky Mountain News (Final ed.). p. 1B. (Subscription required (help)). Z-Teca Restaurant Corp. will change its name and the signs on all of its 49 restaurants next month to a word that has no meaning. Q-Doba is a made-up name to amuse customers while keeping the chain of Mexican grill restaurants out of court. Z-Teca lost a federal trademark infringement case this summer in Spokane, Wash., to Azteca, a Seattle-based restaurant chain. The Azteca name was registered 10 years before 5-year-old Z-Teca registered its trademark. Z-Teca was forced to take its name down from its two Spokane restaurants, which now operate under the No Name Mexican Grill moniker. Z-Teca also was threatened with another lawsuit by Z'Tejas Grill, a seven-unit restaurant chain based in Scottsdale, Ariz... Z'Tejas' name was registered 12 years before Z-Teca... This is not the first time Z-Teca has changed its name. The first store, which opened near Grant Avenue and Speer Boulevard, was originally named Zuma. Zuma was the name of a cat that belonged to a roommate of the restaurant's co-founder, Tony Miller. But shortly after opening, they discovered there was a Zuma restaurant on the East Coast. The owner was not interested in selling the name.. Q-Doba means whatever we want, Beisler said. It's an empty vessel we can fill up with whatever we want.
Jump up ^ "Qdoba opening eight Ohio restaurants". Denver Business Journal. March 28, 2003.
Jump up ^ "Qdoba President and CEO Gary Beisler Retires". QSR Magazine. October 11, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Hicks, L. Wayne (March 8, 2013). "Qdoba picks Tim Casey as new president". Denver Business Journal.
Jump up ^ "Timothy Casey Named New President at Qdoba Mexican Grill". Business Wire (Press release). March 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Keith Guilbault Named New Brand President at Qdoba Mexican Eats®". Business Wire (Press release). May 11, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b DiPierro, Amy (June 3, 2016). "Qdoba chain is closing Lakewood headquarters, moving to San Diego". BusinessDen.
Jump up ^ Cleveland, Claire (June 3, 2016). "Qdoba pulls up longtime stakes, moves HQ to San Diego: Mexican food chain opens 80th Colorado restaurant in Lakewood as it prepares to leave home in Belmar". Denver Post.
^ Jump up to: a b Weisberg, Lori (July 18, 2016). "Qdoba fast casual brand moving to San Diego". San Diego Union-Tribune.
^ Jump up to: a b Yagalla, Mark (December 1, 2013). "Jack in the Box and Qdoba Look Set to Take Down Chipotle". The Motley Fool.
Jump up ^ McNeill, Murray (December 5, 2012). "Brandon lands first Qdoba". Winnipeg Free Press.
Jump up ^ "Qdoba restaurant opens in London". London Community News. March 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mexican Grill Polo Park Now Open". Access Winnipeg. April 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Coomes, Steve (June 19, 2012). "Louisville-area Qdoba franchisees sell Ky., Ind., Tenn. stores to parent company". Insider Louisville.
Jump up ^ York, Emily Bryson (June 27, 2013). "Qdoba to close 18 Chicago-area restaurants". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
Jump up ^ Sealover, Ed (October 13, 2014). "Qdoba's subtle makeover: A pricing change designed to combat negative customer perception". Denver Business Journal.
Jump up ^ "Qdoba Frees the Flavor; "Extras" No Longer Cost Extra". MarketWatch (Press release). October 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Comments to "Colorado friends - join us downtown at 17th & Welton and you can get some of your nickels & dimes back! We'll be hanging out..."". Facebook. October 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Comments to "Price changes? I noticed that ur prices... - Shelly Ferguson Lindegren"". Facebook. November 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Curtis, Nathan (November 6, 2014). "PILE IT ON! Qdoba Goes Toppings Wild...but at a Price". GutCheck.
Jump up ^ Horovitz, Bruce (November 2015). "Name Change Can Be a Game Change: Why some growing limited-service restaurants are opting to tweak their moniker". QSR Magazine.
Jump up ^ Sebert, Paul (March 11, 2010). "GOOD EATS: San Francisco style hits Huntington with Qdoba". The Herald-Dispatch.
Jump up ^ Bass, Rachel (November 5, 2014). "Qdoba caters to campus' Mexican crave". Daily Illini.
Jump up ^ Hendee, Caitlin (September 8, 2014). "CU Denver unbolts door on $60.5 million Auraria building (Slideshow)". Denver Business Journal.
Jump up ^ Ferraresi, Michael (May 6, 2014). "New eateries coming to Student Union". GCU Today. Grand Canyon University News Bureau.
Jump up ^ Jarman, Max (2010-01-05). "Fresh-Mex restaurants expand outlets in Valley". Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
Jump up ^ Abelson, Jeff (2006-11-10). "Arguments spread thick". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
Jump up ^ Brandau, Mark (December 13, 2009). "Qdoba introduces kids' meals". NRN.com. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Qdoba Mexican Grill Introduces New Kids Meals to Give Kids Nutritious Choices". Business Wire (Press release). December 14, 2009.
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
Fast food and fast casual restaurant chains in the United States
Chicken chains
Coffeehouse chains
Pizza chains
Hamburgers
A&W
Arctic Circle
Back Yard
Big Boy
BurgerFi
Burger King
Carl's Jr.
Checkers/Rally's
Cook Out
Cheeburger Cheeburger
Dairy Queen
Fatburger
Five Guys
Freddy's
Fuddruckers
The Habit
Hardee's
Hwy 55
In-N-Out
Jack in the Box
Johnny Rockets
Krystal
McDonald's
Red Robin
Roy Rogers
Shake Shack
Smashburger
Sonic
Steak 'n Shake
Wayback
Wendy's
Whataburger
White Castle
Asian
L&L Hawaiian Barbecue
Manchu Wok
Panda Express
Pei Wei Asian Diner
P. F. Chang's China Bistro
Pick Up Stix
Baked goods
Au Bon Pain
Auntie Anne's
Bruegger's
Cheesecake Factory
Cinnabon
Corner Bakery Cafe
Dunkin' Donuts
Einstein Bros.
Great American Cookies
Honey Dew Donuts
Krispy Kreme
Mrs. Fields
Nestlé Toll House
Panera Bread
Pretzelmaker/Pretzel Time
Shipley Do-Nuts
Tim Hortons
T.J. Cinnamons
Wetzel's
Winchell's
Beverages
Argo Tea
Biggby Coffee
Caribou
Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf
Coffee Beanery
Dunn Bros
Gloria Jean's
Jamba Juice
Juice It Up!
Orange Julius
Peet's
Planet Smoothie
Robeks
Seattle's Best Coffee
Smoothie King
Starbucks
Teavana
Tropical Smoothie Cafe
Tully's
Frozen
desserts
Baskin-Robbins
Ben & Jerry's
Braum's
Bruster's
Carvel
Cold Stone
Culver's
Dairy Queen
Dippin' Dots
Fosters Freeze
Friendly's
Golden Spoon
Graeter's
Häagen-Dazs
Handel's
Kiwi Yogurt
MaggieMoo's
Marble Slab
Menchie's
Pinkberry
Red Mango
Rita's
Sweet Frog
Tastee-Freez
TCBY
Tropical Sno
Tutti Frutti
Yogen Früz
Yogurtland
Hot dogs
Hot Dog on a Stick
Nathan's Famous
Portillo's
Wienerschnitzel
Mexican-style /
Tex-Mex
Baja Fresh
Cafe Rio
Chipotle
Del Taco
El Pollo Loco
Freebirds
Green/Red Burrito
La Salsa
Moe's
Pancheros
Qdoba
Rubio's
Taco Bell
Taco Bueno
Taco Cabana
Taco del Mar
Taco John's
Taco Mayo
Taco Time
Tijuana Flats
Wahoo's Fish Taco
Other
Fazoli's
Noodles & Company
Skyline Chili
Sandwiches
Arby's
Atlanta Bread
Blimpie
Capriotti's
Charley's
Così
Cousins
D'Angelo
Daphne's
Erbert & Gerbert's
Firehouse Subs
Great Wraps
Jason's
Jerry's Subs
Jersey Mike's
Jimmy John's
Lee's Sandwiches
Lenny's Sub
McAlister's Deli
Miami Subs
Newk's Eatery
Penn Station
Port of Subs
Potbelly
Primo Hoagies
Quiznos
Rax
Sandella's
Schlotzsky's
Steak Escape
Subway
Togo's
Tubby's
Tudor's Biscuit World
Which Wich?
Seafood
Arthur Treacher's
Captain D's
H. Salt Esquire
Ivar's
Long John Silver's
Skippers Seafood & Chowder House
Defunct
Bresler's
Brigham's
Burger Chef
Carrols
D'Lites
Druther's
Henry's Hamburgers
Hot 'n Now
Hot Sam Pretzels
Naugles
Red Barn
Sandy's
White Tower
Zantigo
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qdoba&oldid=824411489"
Categories:
Companies based in Jefferson County, Colorado
Companies based in San Diego
Apollo Global Management companies
Restaurants in Colorado
Restaurants established in 1995
Fast casual restaurants
Fast-food chains of the United States
Fast-food franchises
Fast-food Mexican restaurants
Jack in the Box
Cuisine of the Western United States
Restaurant chains in the United States
1995 establishments in Colorado
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Use mdy dates from December 2017
Pages using deprecated image syntax
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 February 2018, at 04:30.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: img

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan class style

values: 2 logo text-align:center

attrs: scope style

value: li

value: ul

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Culinary_Institute_of_America
mw-redirect
Culinary Institute of America

values:
/wiki/Denver,_Colorado
mw-redirect
Denver, Colorado

values: ZuZu Handmade Mexican Grill (page does not exist)

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant
mw-redirect
Fast-food restaurant

values:
/wiki/Panchero%27s_Mexican_Grill
mw-redirect
Panchero's Mexican Grill

values: Is this just fabricated trivia that no one cares about? (December 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.qdoba.com/askpronounce.aspx

values:
/wiki/Business_First
mw-redirect
Business First

values:
/wiki/Denver_Post
mw-redirect
Denver Post

values:
/wiki/The_Free_Library
mw-redirect
The Free Library

values:
/wiki/Highbeam_Research
mw-redirect
Highbeam Research

values:
/wiki/Denver_Business_Journal
mw-redirect
Denver Business Journal

values:
/wiki/San_Diego_Union-Tribune
mw-redirect
San Diego Union-Tribune

values:
/wiki/Daily_Illini
mw-redirect
Daily Illini

values:
/wiki/Arizona_Republic
mw-redirect
Arizona Republic

values:
/wiki/Boston_Globe
mw-redirect
Boston Globe

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.qdoba.com/
external text

values: Template:Fast-food chains of the United States

values: Template talk:Fast-food chains of the United States

values:
/wiki/D%27Angelo_Sandwich_Shops
mw-redirect
D'Angelo Sandwich Shops

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Companies based in Jefferson County, Colorado

values: Category:Apollo Global Management companies

values: Category:Restaurants established in 1995

values: Category:Fast-food chains of the United States

values: Category:Cuisine of the Western United States

values: Category:Restaurant chains in the United States

values: Category:1995 establishments in Colorado

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:Use mdy dates from December 2017

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Qdoba
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Qdoba&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Qdoba rootpage-Qdoba skin-vector action-view


text:
The Catcher in the Rye
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see The Catcher in the Rye (disambiguation).
The Catcher in the Rye
First edition cover
Author
J. D. Salinger
Cover artist
E. Michael Mitchell[1][2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Realistic fiction
Coming-of-age fiction
Published
July 16, 1951
Publisher
Little, Brown and Company
Media type
Print
Pages
214
OCLC
287628
Dewey Decimal
813.54
The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger.[3] A classic novel originally published for adults, it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation.[4][5] It has been translated into almost all of the world's major languages.[6] Around 1 million copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books.[7] The novel's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion.[8] The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence, identity, belonging, loss, and connection.
The novel was included on Time's 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923[9] and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.[10][11][12] In 2003, it was listed at #15 on the BBC's survey The Big Read.[13]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 History
3 Writing style
4 Interpretations
5 Reception
6 Censorship and use in schools
7 Shooters citing the book as an influence
8 Attempted adaptations
8.1 In film
8.2 Banned fan fiction
9 Cultural influence
10 See also
11 References
11.1 Notes
11.2 Bibliography
11.3 Further reading
12 External links
Plot[edit]
Holden Caulfield, a teenager from New York City, is living in an unspecified institution in southern California near Hollywood in 1951. Caulfield intends to live with his brother D.B, an author and World War II veteran whom Holden resents for becoming a screenwriter, after his release in one month. As he waits, Holden recalls the events of the previous Christmas.
Holden begins his story at Pencey Preparatory Academy, an exclusive boarding school in Agerstown, Pennsylvania, on the Saturday afternoon of the traditional football game with a rival school. Holden has been expelled from Pencey due to poor work and is not to return after Christmas break, which begins the following Wednesday. He plans to return home on that day so that he will not be present when his parents receive notice of his expulsion. After forfeiting a fencing match in New York by forgetting the equipment aboard the subway, he is invited to the home of his history teacher, Mr. Spencer. Spencer is a well-meaning but long-winded old man. Spencer greets him and offers him advice, but embarrasses Holden by further criticizing Holden's work in his subject in a rude manner.
Holden returns to his dorm wearing the new red hunting cap he bought in New York. His dorm neighbor Robert Ackley is one of the few students also missing the game. Ackley, unpopular among his peers, disturbs Holden with his impolite questioning and mannerisms. Holden, who feels sorry for Ackley, tolerates his presence. Later, Holden agrees to write an English composition for his roommate, Ward Stradlater, who is leaving for a date. However, Holden is distressed to learn that Stradlater's date is an old friend, Jane Gallagher, whom Holden had a crush on and feels protective of. That night, Holden goes to a Cary Grant comedy with his best friend Mal Brossman and Ackley. While Ackley and Mal enjoy the film, Holden becomes uneasy with it. When Stradlater returns hours later, he fails to appreciate the deeply personal composition Holden wrote for him about the baseball glove of Holden's late brother Allie, and refuses to reveal whether he slept with Jane. Enraged, Holden punches him, and Stradlater easily wins the ensuing fight. When Holden continues insulting him after the fight, Stradlater knocks him unconscious and leaves him with a bloody nose. After leaving for Ackley's room, Holden is disappointed when he treats him rudely. Fed up with the so-called "phonies" at Pencey Prep, Holden impulsively decides to leave Pencey early, sells his typewriter to earn money, and catches a train to Penn Station in New York. Holden intends to stay away from his home in a hotel until Wednesday, when his parents would have received news of his expulsion. Aboard the train, Holden meets the mother of a wealthy, obnoxious Pencey student named Ernest Morrow, and lies to her about himself and her son.
In a taxicab, Holden inquires with the driver about whether the ducks in the Central Park lagoon migrate during winter, a subject he brings up often, but the man barely responds. Holden checks into the dilapidated Edmont Hotel. He spends an evening dancing with three tourist women from Seattle in the hotel lounge and enjoys dancing with one, though is disappointed that he is unable to hold a conversation with them. Following an unpromising visit to Ernie's Nightclub in Greenwich Village, Holden becomes preoccupied with his internal angst and agrees to have a prostitute named Sunny visit his room. His attitude toward the girl changes the minute she enters the room; she seems about the same age as him. Holden becomes uncomfortable with the situation, and when he tells her all he wants to do is talk, she becomes annoyed and leaves. Even though he still paid her the right amount for her time, she returns with her pimp Maurice and demands more money. Holden insults Maurice, and after Sunny takes the money from Holden's wallet, Maurice punches him in the stomach and leaves with Sunny. Afterwards, Holden imagines that he has been shot by Maurice, and pictures murdering him with an automatic weapon.
The next morning, Holden, becoming increasingly depressed and in need of personal connection, calls Sally Hayes, a familiar date. Although Holden claims that she is "the queen of all phonies", they agree to meet that afternoon to attend a play at the Biltmore Theater. Holden shops for a special record, "Little Shirley Beans", for his 10-year-old sister Phoebe. He spots a small boy singing "If a body catch a body coming through the rye", which lifts his mood. Although Holden's date initially goes well, it soon sours after Sally introduces her friend George. After the play, Holden and Sally go ice skating at Rockefeller Center, where Holden suddenly begins ranting against society and frightens Sally. He impulsively invites Sally to run away with him that night to live in the wilderness of New England, but she is uninterested in his hastily conceived plan and declines. The conversation turns sour, and the two angrily part ways.
Holden decides to meet his old classmate, a Columbia student named Carl Luce, for drinks at the Wicker Bar in the Seton Hotel. During the meeting, Holden annoys Carl with his fixation on sex. After Luce leaves, Holden gets drunk, awkwardly flirts with several adults, and calls an icy Sally. Exhausted and out of money, Holden wanders over to Central Park to investigate the ducks, breaking Phoebe's record on the way. Nostalgically recalling his experience in elementary school and the unchanging dioramas in the Museum of Natural History that he enjoyed visiting as a child, Holden heads home to see Phoebe. He sneaks into his parents' apartment while they are out, and wakes up Phoebe – the only person with whom he seems to be able to communicate his true feelings. Although Phoebe is happy to see Holden, she quickly deduces that he has been expelled, and chastises him for his aimlessness and his apparent dislikes towards everything. When asked if he cares about anything, Holden shares a selfless fantasy he has been thinking about (based on a mishearing of Robert Burns's Comin' Through the Rye): he pictures himself as the sole guardian of thousands of children playing in a huge rye field on the edge of a cliff. His job is to catch the children if, in their abandon, they come close to falling off the brink; to be, in effect, the "catcher in the rye". Because of this misinterpretation, Holden believes that to be the "catcher in the rye" means to save children from losing their innocence.
When his mother returns home, Holden slips out and visits his former and much-admired English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who is now a New York University professor. Mr. Antolini expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall" and advises him to begin applying himself. Although Holden is exhausted, he is courteous and considers his advice. Mr. Antolini also provides Holden a place to sleep. Holden is upset when he wakes up in the night to find Mr. Antolini patting his head, which he interprets as a homosexual advance. Confused and uncertain, he leaves and spends the rest of the night in a waiting room at Grand Central Station, where he sinks further into despair and expresses regret over leaving Mr. Antolini. He spends most of Monday morning wandering Fifth Avenue.
Losing hope of finding belonging or companionship in the city, Holden impulsively decides that he will head out west and live a reclusive lifestyle as a gas station attendant. He decides to see Phoebe at lunchtime to explain his plan and say farewell. While visiting Phoebe's school to give a forged excuse note, Holden becomes obsessed with graffiti containing the word "fuck", and becomes distressed by the thought of children learning the word's meaning. When he meets Phoebe at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, she arrives with a suitcase and asks to go with him, even though she was looking forward to acting as Benedict Arnold in a play that Friday. Holden refuses to let her come with him, which upsets Phoebe, so Holden decides not to leave after all. He tries to cheer her up by allowing her to skip school and taking her to the Central Park Zoo, but she remains angry with him. They eventually reach the zoo's carousel, where Phoebe reconciles with Holden after he buys her a ticket. Holden is finally filled with happiness and joy at the sight of Phoebe riding in the rain.
In a short epilogue, Holden briefly alludes to encountering his parents that night and "getting sick" (implying a tuberculosis diagnosis), mentioning that he will be attending another school in September. Holden says that he doesn't want to tell anything more because, surprisingly, he has found himself missing his former classmates. He warns the reader that telling others about their own experiences will lead them to miss the people who shared them.
History[edit]
Various older stories by Salinger contain characters similar to those in The Catcher in the Rye. While at Columbia University, Salinger wrote a short story called "The Young Folks" in Whit Burnett's class; one character from this story has been described as a "thinly penciled prototype of Sally Hayes". In November 1941, he sold the story "Slight Rebellion off Madison", which featured Holden Caulfield, to The New Yorker, but it wasn't published until December 21, 1946 due to World War II. The story "I'm Crazy", which was published in the December 22, 1945, issue of Collier's, contained material that was later used in The Catcher in the Rye. In 1946, The New Yorker accepted a 90-page manuscript about Holden Caulfield for publication, but Salinger later withdrew it.[14]
Writing style[edit]
The Catcher in the Rye is narrated in a subjective style from the point of view of Holden Caulfield, following his exact thought processes. There is flow in the seemingly disjointed ideas and episodes; for example, as Holden sits in a chair in his dorm, minor events, such as picking up a book or looking at a table, unfold into discussions about experiences.
Critical reviews affirm that the novel accurately reflected the teenage colloquial speech of the time.[15] Words and phrases that appear frequently include:
"Old" – term of familiarity or endearment.
"Phony" – superficially acting a certain way only to change what others think of you
"That killed me" – I found that hilarious or astonishing
"Flit" – homosexual
"Crumbum" or "crumby" – inadequate, insufficient, disappointing
"Snowing" – sweet-talking
"I got a bang out of that" – I found it hilarious or exciting
"Shoot the bull" – have a conversation containing false elements
"Give her the time" or "necking" – sexual intercourse
"Chew the fat" or "chew the rag" – small-talk
"Rubbering" or "rubbernecks" – idle onlooking/onlookers
"The Can" – the bathroom
Interpretations[edit]
Bruce Brooks held that Holden's attitude remains unchanged at story's end, implying no maturation, thus differentiating the novel from young adult fiction.[16] In contrast, Louis Menand thought that teachers assign the novel because of the optimistic ending, to teach adolescent readers that "alienation is just a phase."[17] While Brooks maintained that Holden acts his age, Menand claimed that Holden thinks as an adult, given his ability to accurately perceive people and their motives. Others highlight the dilemma of Holden's state, in between adolescence and adulthood.[18][19] Holden is quick to become emotional. "I felt sorry as hell for..." is a phrase he often uses. It is often said that Holden changes at the end, when he watches Phoebe on the carousel, and he talks about the golden ring and how it's good for kids to try and grab it.[18]
Freddie Bartholomew in Captains Courageous
Peter Beidler, in his A Reader's Companion to J. D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye", identifies the movie that the prostitute "Sunny" refers to. In chapter 13 she says that in the movie a boy falls off a boat. The movie is Captains Courageous (1937), starring Spencer Tracy. Sunny says that Holden looks like the boy who fell off the boat. Beidler shows (page 28) a still of the boy, played by child-actor Freddie Bartholomew.
Each Caulfield child has literary talent. D.B. writes screenplays in Hollywood; Holden also reveres D.B. for his writing skill (Holden's own best subject), but he also despises Hollywood industry-based movies, considering them the ultimate in "phony" as the writer has no space for his own imagination, and describes D.B.'s move to Hollywood to write for films as "prostituting himself"; Allie wrote poetry on his baseball glove; and Phoebe is a diarist.[20][not in citation given] This "catcher in the rye" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children attributes that he struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity. Falling off the cliff could be a progression into the adult world that surrounds him and that he strongly criticizes. Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the "catcher" and the "fallen"; he gives her his hunting hat, the catcher's symbol, and becomes the fallen as Phoebe becomes the catcher.[21]
In their biography of Salinger, David Shields and Shane Salerno argue that: "The Catcher in the Rye can best be understood as a disguised war novel." Salinger witnessed the horrors of World War II, but rather than writing a combat novel, Salinger, according to Shields and Salerno, "took the trauma of war and embedded it within what looked to the naked eye like a coming-of-age novel."[22]
Reception[edit]
The Catcher in the Rye has been listed as one of the best novels of the twentieth century. Shortly after its publication, writing for The New York Times, Nash K. Burger called it "an unusually brilliant novel,"[23] while James Stern wrote an admiring review of the book in a voice imitating Holden's.[24] George H. W. Bush called it a "marvelous book," listing it among the books that have inspired him.[25] In June 2009, the BBC's Finlo Rohrer wrote that, 58 years since publication, the book is still regarded "as the defining work on what it is like to be a teenager. Holden is at various times disaffected, disgruntled, alienated, isolated, directionless, and sarcastic."[26] Adam Gopnik considers it one of the "three perfect books" in American literature, along with Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby, and believes that "no book has ever captured a city better than Catcher in the Rye captured New York in the fifties."[27] Jeff Pruchnic wrote an appraisal of The Catcher in the Rye after the death of J.D. Salinger. In this article, Pruchnic focuses on how the novel continues to be received incredibly well, even after it has aged many generations. Pruchnic describes Holden as a “teenage protagonist frozen midcentury but destined to be discovered by those of a similar age in every generation to come”.[28] Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books ever. [29]
However, not all reception has been positive; the book has had its share of critics. Rohrer writes, "Many of these readers are disappointed that the novel fails to meet the expectations generated by the mystique it is shrouded in. J. D. Salinger has done his part to enhance this mystique. That is to say, he has done nothing."[26] Rohrer assessed the reasons behind both the popularity and criticism of the book, saying that it "captures existential teenage angst" and has a "complex central character" and "accessible conversational style"; while at the same time some readers may dislike the "use of 1940s New York vernacular" and other things.
Censorship and use in schools[edit]
In 1960, a teacher in Tulsa, Oklahoma was fired for assigning the novel in class; however, he was later reinstated.[30] Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States.[31] The book was banned in the Issaquah, Washington, high schools in 1978 as being part of an "overall communist plot".[32] In 1981, it was both the most censored book and the second most taught book in public schools in the United States.[33] According to the American Library Association, The Catcher in the Rye was the 10th most frequently challenged book from 1990 to 1999.[10] It was one of the ten most challenged books of 2005,[34] and although it had been off the list for three years, it reappeared in the list of most challenged books of 2009.[35]
The challenges generally begin with Holden's frequent use of vulgar language,[36][37] with other reasons including sexual references,[38] blasphemy, undermining of family values[37] and moral codes,[39] encouragement of rebellion,[40] and promotion of drinking, smoking, lying, and promiscuity.[39] Often the challengers have been unfamiliar with the plot itself.[31] Shelley Keller-Gage, a high school teacher who faced objections after assigning the novel in her class, noted that "the challengers are being just like Holden... They are trying to be catchers in the rye".[37] A Streisand effect has been that this incident caused people to put themselves on the waiting list to borrow the novel, when there was no waiting list before.[41][42]
Shooters citing the book as an influence[edit]
Further information: The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture § Shootings
Several shootings have been associated with Salinger's novel, including Robert John Bardo's murder of Rebecca Schaeffer and John Hinckley, Jr.'s assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan. Additionally, after fatally shooting John Lennon, Mark David Chapman was arrested with a copy of the book that he had purchased that same day, inside of which he had written: "To Holden Caulfield, From Holden Caulfield, This is my statement".[43][44]
Attempted adaptations[edit]
In film[edit]
Early in his career, Salinger expressed a willingness to have his work adapted for the screen.[45] In 1949, a critically panned film version of his short story "Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut" was released; renamed My Foolish Heart, the film took great liberties with Salinger's plot and is widely considered to be among the reasons that Salinger refused to allow any subsequent film adaptations of his work.[18][46] The enduring popularity of The Catcher in the Rye, however, has resulted in repeated attempts to secure the novel's screen rights.[47]
When The Catcher in the Rye was first released, many offers were made to adapt it for the screen, including one from Samuel Goldwyn, producer of My Foolish Heart.[46] In a letter written in the early 1950s, Salinger spoke of mounting a play in which he would play the role of Holden Caulfield opposite Margaret O'Brien, and, if he couldn't play the part himself, to "forget about it." Almost 50 years later, the writer Joyce Maynard definitively concluded, "The only person who might ever have played Holden Caulfield would have been J. D. Salinger."[48]
Salinger told Maynard in the 1970s that Jerry Lewis "tried for years to get his hands on the part of Holden,"[48] despite Lewis not having read the novel until he was in his thirties.[41] Celebrities ranging from Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson to Tobey Maguire and Leonardo DiCaprio have since tried to make a film adaptation.[49] In an interview with Premiere, John Cusack commented that his one regret about turning 21 was that he had become too old to play Holden Caulfield. Writer-director Billy Wilder recounted his abortive attempts to snare the novel's rights:
Of course I read The Catcher in the Rye....Wonderful book. I loved it. I pursued it. I wanted to make a picture out of it. And then one day a young man came to the office of Leland Hayward, my agent, in New York, and said, 'Please tell Mr. Leland Hayward to lay off. He's very, very insensitive.' And he walked out. That was the entire speech. I never saw him. That was J. D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye.[50]
In 1961, Salinger denied Elia Kazan permission to direct a stage adaptation of Catcher for Broadway.[51] More recently, Salinger's agents received bids for the Catcher film rights from Harvey Weinstein and Steven Spielberg,[52] neither of which was even passed on to Salinger for consideration.
In 2003, the BBC television program The Big Read featured The Catcher in the Rye, interspersing discussions of the novel with "a series of short films that featured an actor playing J. D. Salinger's adolescent antihero, Holden Caulfield."[51] The show defended its unlicensed adaptation of the novel by claiming to be a "literary review", and no major charges were filed.
After Salinger's death in 2010, Phyllis Westberg, who was Salinger's agent at Harold Ober Associates, stated that nothing has changed in terms of licensing film, television, or stage rights of his works.[53] A letter written by Salinger in 1957 revealed that he was open to an adaptation of The Catcher in the Rye released after his death. He wrote: "Firstly, it is possible that one day the rights will be sold. Since there's an ever-looming possibility that I won't die rich, I toy very seriously with the idea of leaving the unsold rights to my wife and daughter as a kind of insurance policy. It pleasures me no end, though, I might quickly add, to know that I won't have to see the results of the transaction." Salinger also wrote that he believed his novel was not suitable for film treatment, and that translating Holden Caulfield's first-person narrative into voice-over and dialogue would be contrived.[54]
Banned fan fiction[edit]
In 2009, a year before his death, Salinger successfully sued to stop the U.S. publication of a novel that presents Holden Caulfield as an old man.[26][55] The novel's author, Fredrik Colting, commented: "call me an ignorant Swede, but the last thing I thought possible in the U.S. was that you banned books".[56] The issue is complicated by the nature of Colting's book, 60 Years Later: Coming Through the Rye, which has been compared to fan fiction.[57] Although commonly not authorized by writers, no legal action is usually taken against fan fiction, since it is rarely published commercially and thus involves no profit.[58] Colting, however, has published his book commercially, therefore interfering with copyright law and is not protected.
Cultural influence[edit]
Main article: The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture
The Catcher in the Rye has had significant cultural influence, and works inspired by the novel have been said to form their own genre. Sarah Graham assessed works influenced by The Catcher in the Rye to include the novels Less Than Zero by Bret Easton Ellis, The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky, A Complicated Kindness by Miriam Toews, The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, Ordinary People by Judith Guest, and the film Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers.[59]
Fantasy writer Harry Turtledove has written a pastiche-parody "Catcher in the Rhine", based on his daughter's mishearing of Salinger's title. In this short story, an unnamed narrator, who is clearly meant to be Holden Caulfield but is unnamed to avoid copyright problems, goes on vacation to Germany and meets characters from the Niebelunglied. This was first published in The Chick is in the Mail, edited by Esther Friesner, Baen 2000 and reprinted in the omnibus Chicks Ahoy! (2010). It was reprinted in Atlantis and Other Places also in 2010.
In "Catcher In The Wry" former major league baseball player, Bob Uecker, recounts anecdotes of his years behind the plate and on the road, recalling the antics of his famous teammates, including Hank Aaron, Bob Gibson, Richie Allen, and Warren Spahn.
The July 1985 issue of National Lampoon included a parody of the novel, ostensibly written by Holden Caulfield's son, entitled 'The Son of the Catcher, who Lives in Rye'.
In December of 1991, punk rock band Green Day released their second studio album (Kerplunk), containing the song Who Wrote Holden Caulfield. The song describes said character as crazy, frustrated, and lacking motivation.
See also[edit]
Book censorship in the United States
Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "CalArts Remembers Beloved Animation Instructor E. Michael Mitchell". Calarts.edu. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
Jump up ^ "50 Most Captivating Covers". Onlineuniversities.com. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
Jump up ^ Ulin, David L. (2010-01-29). "J.D. Salinger: a gift of words and silence". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
Jump up ^ Costello, Donald P., and Harold Bloom. "The Language of "The Catcher in the Rye.." Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations: The Catcher in the Rye (2000): 11–20. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. Dec 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Carte Blanche: Famous Firsts". Booklist. November 15, 2000. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
Jump up ^ Magill, Frank N. (1991). "J. D. Salinger". Magill's Survey of American Literature. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 1803. ISBN 1-85435-437-X.
Jump up ^ According to List of best-selling books. An earlier article says more than 20 million: Yardley, Jonathan (October 19, 2004). "J. D. Salinger's Holden Caulfield, Aging Gracelessly". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Allusions By Elizabeth Webber, Mike Feinsilber p.105
Jump up ^ Grossman, Lev; Lacayo, Richard (October 16, 2005). "All-Time 100 Novels: The Complete List". Time.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999". American Library Association. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
Jump up ^ List of most commonly challenged books from the list of the one hundred most important books of the 20th century by Radcliffe Publishing Course
Jump up ^ Guinn, Jeff (August 10, 2001). "'Catcher in the Rye' still influences 50 years later" (fee required). Erie Times-News. Retrieved 2007-12-18. Alternate URL
Jump up ^ "The Big Read", BBC, April 2003. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Salzman, Jack (1991). New essays on the Catcher in the Rye. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780521377980.
Jump up ^ Costello, Donald P. (October 1959). "The Language of 'The Catcher in the Rye'". American Speech. 34 (3): 172–182. doi:10.2307/454038. JSTOR 454038. Most critics who glared at The Catcher in the Rye at the time of its publication thought that its language was a true and authentic rendering of teenage colloquial speech.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Bruce (May 1, 2004). "Holden at sixteen". Horn Book Magazine. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
Jump up ^ Menand, Louis (September 27, 2001). "Holden at fifty". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c Onstad, Katrina (February 22, 2008). "Beholden to Holden". CBC News. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ Graham, 33.
Jump up ^ Svogun, Margaret Dumais (Winter 2003). "J.D. Salinger's The catcher in the Rye". Explicator. 2 (2). pp. 110–113. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ Yasuhiro Takeuchi (Fall 2002). "The Burning Carousel and the Carnivalesque: Subversion and Transcendence at the Close of The Catcher in the Rye". Studies in the Novel. 34 (3). pp. 320–337. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ Shields, David; Salerno, Shane (2013). Salinger (Hardcover ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. xvi. Retrieved 23 August 2015. The Catcher in the Rye can best be understood as a disguised war novel. Salinger emerged from the war incapable of believing in the heroic, noble ideals we like to think our cultural institutions uphold. Instead of producing a combat novel, as Norman Mailer, James Jones, and Joseph Heller did, Salinger took the trauma of war and embedded it within what looked to the naked eye like a coming-of-age novel.
Jump up ^ Burger, Nash K. (July 16, 1951). "Books of The Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Jump up ^ Stern, James (July 15, 1951). "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Jump up ^ "Academy of Achievement – George H. W. Bush". The American Academy of Achievement. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rohrer, Finlo (June 5, 2009). "The why of the Rye". BBC News Magazine. BBC. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
Jump up ^ Gopnik, Adam. The New Yorker, February 8, 2010, p. 21
Jump up ^ Pruchnic, Jeff. "Holden at Sixty: Reading Catcher After the Age of Irony." Critical Insights: ------------The Catcher in The Rye (2011): 49-63. Literary Reference Center. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
Jump up ^ Gates, Bill. "The Best Books I Read in 2013". gatesnotes.com. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
Jump up ^ Dutra, Fernando (September 25, 2006). "U. Connecticut: Banned Book Week celebrates freedom". The America's Intelligence Wire. Retrieved 2007-12-20. In 1960 a teacher in Tulsa, Okla., was fired for assigning "The Catcher in the Rye". After appealing, the teacher was reinstated, but the book was removed from the itinerary in the school.
^ Jump up to: a b "In Cold Fear: 'The Catcher in the Rye', Censorship, Controversies and Postwar American Character. (Book Review)". Modern Language Review. April 1, 2003. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
Jump up ^ Reiff, Raychel Haugrud (2008). J.D. Salinger: The Catcher in the Rye and Other Works. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-7614-2594-6.
Jump up ^ Andrychuk, Sylvia (February 17, 2004). "A History of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye" (PDF). p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. During 1981, The Catcher in the Rye had the unusual distinction of being the most frequently censored book in the United States, and, at the same time, the second-most frequently taught novel in American public schools.
Jump up ^ ""It's Perfectly Normal" tops ALA's 2005 list of most challenged books". American Library Association. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top ten most frequently challenged books of 2009". American Library Association. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
Jump up ^ "Art or trash? It makes for endless, unwinnable debate". The Topeka Capital-Journal. October 6, 1997. Retrieved 2007-12-20. Another perennial target, J.D. Salinger's "Catcher in the Rye," was challenged in Maine because of the "f" word.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mydans, Seth (September 3, 1989). "In a Small Town, a Battle Over a Book". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
Jump up ^ MacIntyre, Ben (September 24, 2005). "The American banned list reveals a society with serious hang-ups". The Times. London. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Frangedis, Helen (November 1988). "Dealing with the Controversial Elements in The Catcher in the Rye". The English Journal. 77 (7): 72–75. doi:10.2307/818945. JSTOR 818945. The foremost allegation made against Catcher is... that it teaches loose moral codes; that it glorifies... drinking, smoking, lying, promiscuity, and more.
Jump up ^ Yilu Zhao (August 31, 2003). "Banned, But Not Forgotten". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-20. The Catcher in the Rye, interpreted by some as encouraging rebellion against authority...
^ Jump up to: a b Whitfield, Stephen (December 1997). "Cherished and Cursed: Toward a Social History of The Catcher in the Rye" (PDF). The New England Quarterly. 70 (4): 567–600. doi:10.2307/366646. JSTOR 366646. Retrieved 2012-11-02.
Jump up ^ J. D. Salinger. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. 2001. pp. 77–105. ISBN 0-7910-6175-2.
Jump up ^ Weeks, Linton (September 10, 2000). "Telling on Dad". Amarillo Globe-News. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ Doyle, Aidan (December 15, 2003). "When books kill". Salon.com.
Jump up ^ Hamilton, Ian (1988). In Search of J. D. Salinger. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-53468-9. p. 75.
^ Jump up to: a b Berg, A. Scott. Goldwyn: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989. ISBN 1-57322-723-4. p. 446.
Jump up ^ See Dr. Peter Beidler's A Reader's Companion to J. D. Salinger's the Catcher in the Rye, Chapter 7.
^ Jump up to: a b Maynard, Joyce (1998). At Home in the World. New York: Picador. p. 93. ISBN 0-312-19556-7.
Jump up ^ "News & Features". IFILM: The Internet Movie Guide. 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-09-06. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
Jump up ^ Crowe, Cameron, ed. Conversations with Wilder. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. ISBN 0-375-40660-3. p. 299.
^ Jump up to: a b McAllister, David (November 11, 2003). "Will J. D. Salinger sue?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
Jump up ^ AJ (2010-01-29). "Why J. D. Salinger Never Wanted A 'Catcher in the Rye' Movie". The Daily Caller. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
Jump up ^ "Slim chance of Catcher in the Rye movie – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABCnet.au. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
Jump up ^ Connelly, Sherryl (January 29, 2010). "Could 'Catcher in the Rye' finally make it to the big screen? Salinger letter suggests yes". Daily News. New York. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
Jump up ^ Gross, Doug (June 3, 2009). "Lawsuit targets 'rip-off' of 'Catcher in the Rye'". CNN. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
Jump up ^ Fogel, Karl. Looks like censorship, smells like censorship... maybe it IS censorship?. QuestionCopyright.org. 2009-07-07.
Jump up ^ Sutherland, John. How fanfic took over the web London Evening Standard. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
Jump up ^ Fan Fiction and a New Common Law'(1997) Rebecca Tushnet, Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Journal,. vol.17.
Jump up ^ Rohrer, Finlo (June 5, 2009). "Why does Salinger's Catcher in the Rye still resonate?". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
Bibliography[edit]
Graham, Sarah (2007). J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-34452-2.
Rohrer, Finlo (June 5, 2009). "The why of the Rye". BBC News Magazine. BBC.
Further reading[edit]
Steinle, Pamela Hunt (2000). In Cold Fear: The Catcher in the Rye Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character. Ohio State University Press.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Catcher in the Rye
Book Drum illustrated profile of The Catcher in the Rye
Photos of the first edition of Catcher in the Rye
Lawsuit targets "rip-off" of "Catcher in the Rye" – CNN
[hide]
v
t
e
J. D. Salinger
Novel
The Catcher in the Rye
Short story collections
Nine Stories
Franny and Zooey
Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction
Three Early Stories
Short stories
"Blue Melody"
"Both Parties Concerned"
"A Boy in France"
"De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period"
"Down at the Dinghy"
"Elaine"
"For Esmé—with Love and Squalor"
"A Girl I Knew"
"Go See Eddie"
"The Hang of It"
"Hapworth 16, 1924"
"The Heart of a Broken Story"
"I'm Crazy"
"The Inverted Forest"
"Just Before the War with the Eskimos"
"Last Day of the Last Furlough"
"The Laughing Man"
"The Long Debut of Lois Taggett"
"The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls"
"Once a Week Won't Kill You"
"A Perfect Day for Bananafish"
"Personal Notes of an Infantryman"
"Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes"
"Slight Rebellion off Madison"
"Soft-Boiled Sergeant"
"The Stranger"
"Teddy"
"This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise"
"Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut"
"The Varioni Brothers"
"The Young Folks"
"A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All"
"The Last and Best of the Peter Pans"
Related
Holden Caulfield
My Foolish Heart (1949)
Pari (1995)
Salinger (2013) (companion biography)
Rebel in the Rye (2017)
Book
Category
Authority control
GND: 4120008-1
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Catcher_in_the_Rye&oldid=826562379"
Categories:
1949 in fiction
1951 American novels
American bildungsromans
Coming-of-age fiction
Debut novels
English-language novels
Fiction with unreliable narrators
Literary realism
Little, Brown and Company books
Novels by J. D. Salinger
Novels set in New York City
Novels set in Pennsylvania
New York City in fiction
Obscenity controversies in literature
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from August 2012
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from November 2010
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 February 2018, at 21:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: Cover features a crude drawing of a Carousel horse (pole visible entering the neck and exiting below on the chest) with a city skyline visible in the distance under the hindquarters. The cover is two-toned: everything below the horse is whitish while the horse and everything above it is a reddish orange. The title appears at the top in big dirty yellow letters against the reddish orange background. It is split into two lines after "Catcher". At the bottom in the whitish background are the words "a novel by J. D. Salinger".

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/287628

values:
/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(1910-1963)
mw-redirect
Pennsylvania Station (1910-1963)

values:
/wiki/Biltmore_Theater
mw-redirect
Biltmore Theater

values:
/wiki/Vinyl_record
mw-redirect
Vinyl record

values:
/wiki/Comin%27_Through_the_Rye
mw-redirect
Comin' Through the Rye

values:
/wiki/Grand_Central_Station
mw-redirect
Grand Central Station

values: The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2010)

values: Edit section: Censorship and use in schools

values: Edit section: Shooters citing the book as an influence

values: Cultural references to the novel The Catcher in the Rye

values:
/wiki/John_Hinckley,_Jr.
mw-redirect
John Hinckley, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Death_of_John_Lennon
mw-redirect
Death of John Lennon

values:
/wiki/Broadway_theater
mw-redirect
Broadway theater

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F454038

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/454038

values:
/wiki/Horn_Book_Magazine
mw-redirect
Horn Book Magazine

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F818945

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/818945

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F366646

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/366646

values:
/wiki/Chelsea_House
mw-redirect
Chelsea House

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120008-1

values: Category:Fiction with unreliable narrators

values: Category:Little, Brown and Company books

values: Category:Obscenity controversies in literature

values: Category:All articles with failed verification

values: Category:Articles with failed verification from November 2010

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: الحارس في حقل الشوفان – Arabic

values: Çovdarlıqda uçurumdan qoruyan – Azerbaijani

values: Лавец у жыце – Belarusian

values: Лавец у жыце – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Спасителят в ръжта – Bulgarian

values: El vigilant en el camp de sègol – Catalan

values: Ο φύλακας στη σίκαλη – Greek

values: ناطور دشت – Persian

values: 호밀밭의 파수꾼 – Korean

values: Տարեկանի արտում՝ անդունդի եզրին – Armenian

values: התפסן בשדה השיפון – Hebrew

values: თამაში ჭვავის ყანაში – Georgian

values: Кара буудайдагы тосуучу – Kyrgyz

values: Игра во ’ржта – Macedonian

values: ദ് കാച്ചർ ഇൻ ദ് റൈ – Malayalam

values: ライ麦畑でつかまえて – Japanese

values: ਦ ਕੈਚਰ ਇਨ ਦ ਰਾਈ – Punjabi

values: Над пропастью во ржи – Russian

values: پاسەوانێک لە مەزرا – Central Kurdish

values: Ловац у житу – Serbian

values: Ловець у житі – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye rootpage-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye skin-vector action-view