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Green Day
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"Sweet Children" redirects here. For Green Day's third EP, see Sweet Children (EP).
Not to be confused with Greenery Day, the Japanese holiday.
Green Day
Green Day performing in Cleveland, Ohio in 2015. From left to right: Jason White, Billie Joe Armstrong, Tré Cool and Mike Dirnt.
Background information
Also known as
Sweet Children (early)
Origin
East Bay, California, U.S.
Genres
Punk rock
pop punk
alternative rock
Years active
1986–present
Labels
Reprise
Warner Bros.
Lookout!
Associated acts
Pinhead Gunpowder
The Network
Foxboro Hot Tubs
The Frustrators
Website
greenday.com
Members
Billie Joe Armstrong
Mike Dirnt
Tré Cool
Past members
Raj Punjabi
Sean Hughes
John Kiffmeyer
Aaron Cometbus
Dave "E.C." Henwood
Jason White (currently a touring member)
Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt. For much of the group's career, the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool, who replaced former drummer John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band's second studio album, Kerplunk (1991). Guitarist Jason White, who has worked with the band as a touring member since 1999, was an official member from 2012 to 2016.[1][2]
Green Day was originally part of the punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley, California. The band's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout! Records. In 1994, its major label debut Dookie (released through Reprise Records) became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S.[3] Green Day was widely credited, alongside fellow California punk bands Sublime,[4] Bad Religion, The Offspring, and Rancid, with popularizing and reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States.[5][6][7]
Green Day's three follow-up albums, Insomniac (1995), Nimrod (1997) and Warning (2000), did not achieve the massive success of Dookie, though they were still successful, with Insomniac and Nimrod reaching double platinum and Warning achieving gold status.[8] The band's rock opera, American Idiot (2004), reignited the band's popularity with a younger generation, selling six million copies in the U.S.[8] The band's eighth studio album, 21st Century Breakdown, was released in 2009 and achieved the band's best chart performance to date.[9] 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡Uno!, ¡Dos! and ¡Tré! which were released in September, November and December 2012 respectively.[10] The band's twelfth studio album, Revolution Radio, was released on October 7, 2016[2] and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, their third album to do so.
Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide.[11] The group has won five Grammy Awards: Best Alternative Album for Dookie, Best Rock Album for American Idiot, Record of the Year for "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", Best Rock Album for the second time for 21st Century Breakdown and Best Musical Show Album for American Idiot: The Original Broadway Cast Recording. In 2010, a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway. The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards: Best Musical, Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design, losing only the first. Also in 2010, Green Day was ranked no. 91 in the VH1 list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[12] On April 18, 2015, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a part of the 2015 class in their first year of eligibility.[13]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Formation and Lookout! years (1986–1993)
1.2 Breakthrough success (1994–1996)
1.3 Middle years and decline in commercial success (1997–2002)
1.4 American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)
1.5 21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)
1.6 ¡Uno! ¡Dos! ¡Tré! (2011–2014)
1.7 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Revolution Radio (2015–present)
2 Musical style and influences
3 Related projects
4 Controversy
5 Band members
5.1 Timeline
6 Awards and nominations
7 Discography
8 See also
9 Further reading
10 References
11 External links
History
Formation and Lookout! years (1986–1993)
In 1986, friends Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt, 14 years old at the time, formed a band called Sweet Children.[14][15] The group's first live performance took place on October 17, 1987, at Rod's Hickory Pit in Vallejo, California.[16] In 1988, Armstrong and Dirnt began working with former Isocracy drummer John Kiffmeyer, also known as "Al Sobrante".[17] As said in the film Punk's Not Dead, Armstrong cites the band Operation Ivy (which featured Tim Armstrong and Matt Freeman of Rancid) as a major influence, and a group that inspired him to form a band.
In 1988, Larry Livermore, owner of Lookout! Records, saw the band play an early show and signed the group to his label. In 1989, the band recorded its debut extended play, 1,000 Hours. Before 1,000 Hours was released, the group dropped the name Sweet Children; according to Livermore, this was done to avoid confusion with another local band Sweet Baby.[18] The band adopted the name Green Day, due to the members' fondness for cannabis.[19][20]
Lookout! released Green Day's debut studio album, 39/Smooth in early 1990. Green Day recorded two extended plays later that year, Slappy and Sweet Children, the latter of which included older songs that the band had recorded for the Minneapolis independent record label Skene! Records.[21] In 1991, Lookout! Records re-released 39/Smooth under the name 1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, and added the songs from the band's first two EPs, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours. In late 1990, shortly after the band's first nationwide tour, Kiffmeyer left the East Bay area to attend Humboldt State University in Arcata, California.[16][22] The Lookouts drummer Tré Cool began filling in as a temporary replacement and later Cool's position as Green Day's drummer became permanent, which Kiffmeyer "graciously accepted".[23] The band went on tour for most of 1992 and 1993, and played a number of shows overseas in Europe. The band's second studio album Kerplunk sold 50,000 copies in the U.S.[24]
Breakthrough success (1994–1996)
Armstrong performing in 1994
Kerplunk's underground success led to a number of major record labels being interested in signing Green Day, and the band eventually left Lookout! and signed to Reprise Records after attracting the attention of producer Rob Cavallo. The group was impressed by his work with fellow Californian band The Muffs, and later remarked that Cavallo "was the only person we could really talk to and connect with".[25] Reflecting on the period, Armstrong told Spin magazine in 1999, "I couldn't go back to the punk scene, whether we were the biggest success in the world or the biggest failure ... The only thing I could do was get on my bike and go forward."[26] After signing with Reprise, the band went to work on recording its major label debut, Dookie.
"Basket Case"
Sample of "Basket Case", the third single from Dookie, which was about Armstrong's panic attacks.
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Recorded in three weeks, and released in February 1994,[27] Dookie became a commercial success, helped by extensive MTV airplay for the videos of the songs "Longview", "Basket Case", and "When I Come Around", all of which reached the number one position on the Modern Rock Tracks charts. At a performance on September 9, 1994 at Hatch Memorial Shell in Boston, mayhem broke out during the band's set (cut short to seven songs) and by the end of the rampage, 100 people were injured and 45 arrested.[28] The band also joined the lineups of both the Lollapalooza festival and Woodstock '94, where the group started an infamous mud fight. During the concert, a security guard mistook bassist Mike Dirnt for a stage-invading fan and punched out some of his teeth.[29] Viewed by millions by pay-per-view television, the Woodstock 1994 performance further aided Green Day's growing publicity and recognition,[25] and helped push its album to eventual diamond status. In 1995, Dookie won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album and the band was nominated for nine MTV Video Music Awards including Video of the Year.
In 1995, a new single for the Angus soundtrack was released, entitled "J.A.R.". The single debuted at number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song was followed by the band's fourth studio album, Insomniac, which was released in the fall of 1995. Insomniac was a much darker and heavier response to the band's newfound popularity, compared to the more melodic Dookie.[25] The album opened to a warm critical reception, earning 4 out of 5 stars from Rolling Stone, which said "In punk, the good stuff actually unfolds and gains meaning as you listen without sacrificing any of its electric, haywire immediacy. And Green Day are as good as this stuff gets."[30] The singles released from Insomniac were "Geek Stink Breath", "Stuck with Me", "Brain Stew/Jaded", and "Walking Contradiction".
Though the album did not approach the success of Dookie, it sold two million copies in the United States.[31] In addition, the album won the band award nominations for Favorite Artist, Favorite Hard Rock Artist, and Favorite Alternative Artist at the 1996 American Music Awards, and the video for "Walking Contradiction" got the band a Grammy nomination for Best Video, Short Form, in addition to a Best Special Effects nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards. After that, the band abruptly cancelled a European tour, citing exhaustion.[32]
Middle years and decline in commercial success (1997–2002)
After a brief hiatus in 1996, Green Day began to work on a new album in 1997. From the outset, both the band and Cavallo agreed that the album had to be different from its previous albums.[33] The result was Nimrod, an experimental deviation from the band's standard pop-punk brand of music. The new album was released in October 1997. It provided a variety of music, from pop-punk, surf rock, and ska, to an acoustic ballad. Nimrod entered the charts at number 10. The success of "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" won the band an MTV Video Award for Best Alternative Video. The song was also used in the second "clip show" episode of Seinfeld and on two episodes of ER.
The other singles released from Nimrod were "Nice Guys Finish Last", "Hitchin' a Ride" and "Redundant". The band made a guest appearance in an episode of King of the Hill entitled "The Man Who Shot Cane Skretteberg", which aired in 1997. In late 1997 and most of 1998, Green Day embarked on a tour in support of Nimrod. In 1999, guitarist Jason White began supporting the band during concerts as rhythm guitarist.
In 2000, Green Day released its sixth studio album Warning. In support of the album, the band participated in the Warped Tour in 2000. In November 2000, the band performed for free on the steps on San Francisco's City Hall to protest the eviction of artists from the city in a show produced by Grammy-winner Ian Brennan (music producer, author).[34] The band also had an independent tour to support the album in 2001. Critics' reviews of the album were varied.[35] AllMusic gave it 4.5/5 saying "Warning may not be an innovative record per se, but it's tremendously satisfying."[36] Rolling Stone was more critical, giving it 3/5, and saying "Warning... invites the question: Who wants to listen to songs of faith, hope and social commentary from what used to be snot-core's biggest-selling band?"[37] Though it produced the hit "Minority" and a smaller hit with "Warning", some observers were coming to the conclusion that the band was losing relevance,[35] and a decline in popularity followed. While all of Green Day's previous albums had reached a status of at least double platinum, Warning was only certified gold.
At the 2001 California Music Awards, Green Day won all eight of the awards for which the group was nominated.[38] The group won the awards for Outstanding Album (Warning), Outstanding Punk Rock/Ska Album (Warning), Outstanding Group, Outstanding Male Vocalist, Outstanding Bassist, Outstanding Drummer, Outstanding Songwriter, and Outstanding Artist.[39]
The release of two compilation albums, International Superhits! and Shenanigans, followed Warning. International Superhits and its companion collection of music videos, International Supervideos!. Shenanigans contained some of the band's b-sides, including "Espionage", which was featured in the film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.[38]
In the spring of 2002, Green Day co-headlined the Pop Disaster Tour with Blink-182, which was documented on the DVD Riding in Vans with Boys.[40]
American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)
Tré Cool (bottom left) and Mike Dirnt (right) performing on July 27, 2005.
In the summer of 2003, the band went into a studio to write and record new material for a new album, tentatively titled Cigarettes and Valentines.[41] After completing 20 tracks, the master recordings were stolen from the studio. Instead of re-recording the stolen tracks, the band decided to abandon the entire project and start over, considering the taken material to be unrepresentative of the band's best work.[42] It was then revealed that a band called The Network was signed to Armstrong's record label Adeline Records with little fanfare and information. After the mysterious band released an album called Money Money 2020, it was rumored that The Network was a Green Day side project, due to the similarities in the bands' sounds.[43] However, these rumors were never addressed by the band or Adeline Records, except for a statement on the Adeline website discussing an ongoing dispute between the two bands.[43]
Green Day live in Germany during the American Idiot tour.
Green Day collaborated with Iggy Pop on two tracks for his album Skull Ring in November 2003. On February 1, 2004, a new song, a cover of "I Fought the Law" made its debut on a commercial for iTunes during NFL Super Bowl XXXVIII. American Idiot (2004), debuted at number one on the Billboard charts, the band's first album to reach number one, backed by the success of the album's first single, "American Idiot". The album was labeled as a punk rock opera which follows the journey of the fictitious "Jesus of Suburbia".[44] The album depicts modern American life under the control of an idiot ruler who let people be misinformed by the media and a "redneck agenda". It gives different angles on an everyman, modern icons, and leaders.[45] Released two months before U.S. President George W. Bush was reelected, the album became protest art.[46] American Idiot won the 2005 Grammy for Best Rock Album. The band also won a total of seven out of eight awards for which the group was nominated, including the Viewer's Choice Award at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2005.[47]
Green Day performing in New Jersey in 2005
Through 2005, the band toured in support of the album with nearly 150 dates, which was the longest tour in the band's career, visiting Japan, Australia, South America and the United Kingdom. While touring for American Idiot, the group filmed and recorded the two concerts at the Milton Keynes National Bowl in England, which was voted "The Best Show On Earth" in a Kerrang! Magazine Poll. These recordings were released as a live CD and DVD called Bullet in a Bible on November 15, 2005. This CD/DVD featured songs from American Idiot as well as songs from all its previous albums, except Kerplunk and 1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours. The DVD featured behind-the-scenes footage of the band, and showed how the band prepared to put on the show. The final shows of its 2005 world tour were in Sydney and Melbourne in Australia, on December 14 and 17, respectively.
On August 1, 2005, Green Day announced that it had rescinded the master rights to its pre-Dookie material from Lookout! Records, citing a continuing breach of contract regarding unpaid royalties, a complaint shared with other Lookout! bands.[48] On January 10, 2006, the band was awarded a People's Choice Award as favorite musical group or band.[49]
21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)
"21 Guns"
Sample of "21 Guns", the second single from 21st Century Breakdown
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Green Day engaged in a number of other smaller projects in the time following the success of American Idiot. The group released an album under the name Foxboro Hot Tubs entitled Stop Drop and Roll!!! In 2008, the Foxboro Hot Tubs went on a mini-tour to promote the record, hitting tiny Bay Area venues including the Stork Club in Oakland and Toot's Tavern in Crockett, California.[50]
Green Day performing during a secret show at the Kesselhaus in Berlin on May 7, 2009.
In an interview with Carson Daly, Garbage lead singer Shirley Manson revealed that Butch Vig would be producing Green Day's forthcoming album.[51] The span of nearly five years between American Idiot and 21st Century Breakdown was the longest gap between studio albums in Green Day's career. The band had been working on new material since January 2006. By October 2007, Armstrong had 45 songs written, but the band showed no further signs of progress until October 2008, when two videos showing the band recording in the studio with producer Butch Vig were posted on YouTube.[52] The writing and recording process, spanning three years and four recording studios, was finally finished in April 2009.[53]
21st Century Breakdown, was released on May 15, 2009.[54] The album received a mainly positive reception from critics, getting an average rating between 3 and 4 stars.[55][56] After the release, the album reached number one in fourteen countries, being certified gold or platinum in each. 21st Century Breakdown achieved Green Day's best chart performance to date. The band started playing shows in California in April and early May. These were the group's first live shows in about three years. Green Day went on a world tour that started in North America in July 2009 and continuing around the world throughout the rest of 2009 and early 2010.[57]
Wal-Mart refused to carry the album as it contains a Parental Advisory sticker and requested that Green Day release a censored edition. The band members did not wish to change any lyrics on the album and responded by stating, "There's nothing dirty about our record... They want artists to censor their records in order to be carried in there. We just said no. We've never done it before. You feel like you're in 1953 or something."[58][59]
In 2009, the band met with award-winning director Michael Mayer and many cast and crew members of the Tony Award-winning musical Spring Awakening to create a stage version of the album American Idiot.[60][61] American Idiot opened in the Berkeley Repertory Theatre during the end of 2009.[60] The show features an expanded story of the original album, with new characters such as Will, Extraordinary Girl, and Favorite Son.[61] On April 20, 2010, American Idiot opened on Broadway, and Green Day released the soundtrack to the musical, featuring a new song by Green Day entitled "When It's Time". In June 2010 iTunes released "When It's Time" as a single.[62]
Green Day performing in New Jersey in 2010
During the Spike TV Video Game Awards 2009, it was announced that Green Day was set to have its own Rock Band video game titled Green Day: Rock Band, as a follow-up to the last band specific Rock Band game, The Beatles: Rock Band. The game features the full albums of Dookie, American Idiot, and 21st Century Breakdown as well as select songs from the rest of Green Day's discography.[63][64]
During the second leg of the 21st Century Breakdown World Tour the band members stated that they were writing new material.[65] In an interview with Kerrang! magazine, Armstrong spoke about the possible new album: "We did some demos in Berlin, some in Stockholm, some just outside of Glasgow and some in Amsterdam. We wanted get [the songs] down in some early form."[66] The band members also stated that the group was recording a live album of the tour, featuring the previously unreleased song "Cigarettes and Valentines". In October 2010, Dirnt was interviewed by Radio W, mentioning that the group had completed the writing process of the ninth studio album. In the interview, Dirnt also mentioned that a new live album would "most likely" be released.[67] The live CD/DVD and CD/Blu-ray entitled Awesome as Fuck was released on March 22, 2011.[68][69]
¡Uno! ¡Dos! ¡Tré! (2011–2014)
Green Day performing in 2013
During the end of 2011, the band played several secret shows (under the name Foxboro Hot Tubs) whose setlists consisted almost entirely of previously unheard songs. Green Day entered the studio and began recording new material in February 2012, later announcing a trilogy of albums titled ¡Uno!, ¡Dos!, and ¡Tré! which would be released in the fall of 2012.[10][70] The trilogy marked longtime touring guitarist Jason White's induction as the fourth member of the band.[1] That summer Green Day played several festivals and promotional shows including the Rock en Seine festival in France, the Rock am See festival in Germany, and the Reading Festival in the United Kingdom.[71][72]
Armstrong performing with Green Day in 2013
¡Uno!, ¡Dos!, and ¡Tré! were released on September 21, November 9, and December 7, 2012, respectively and were met with generally positive reviews. On January 22, 2013, the band announced that ¡Cuatro!, a documentary about the making of ¡Uno!, ¡Dos! and ¡Tré!, would premiere on January 26 in Aspen, Colorado as part of the X Games FILM showcase, and would be released on DVD April 9, 2013.[73] Another documentary was announced called Broadway Idiot which focuses on the creation on the American Idiot musical and Armstrong's run as playing the character of St. Jimmy.[74] On March 10, 2013, Green Day began its 99 Revolutions Tour to support the trilogy.[75] In June, Green Day broke Emirates Stadium attendance record with 60,000 tickets sold.[76] The band played Dookie from start to finish on several dates on the tour's European leg, including during the Reading Festival 2013 headline show.[77]
Demolicious, a compilation album that contains alternate versions and demos of songs from ¡Uno!, ¡Dos! and ¡Tré! recorded during the studio sessions of these albums, was released on April 19, 2014, for Record Store Day. It also contains a previously unreleased song called "State of Shock" and an acoustic version of "Stay the Night", from ¡Uno!.[78]
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Revolution Radio (2015–present)
Green Day performed its first concert in a year on April 16, 2015. The group first played a set as Sweet Children with John Kiffmeyer, followed by a set as Green Day.[79] On April 18, 2015, Green Day were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Fall Out Boy.[80]
On April 24, 2015, Rob Cavallo revealed Green Day were recording a twelfth studio album. Cavallo claimed to have heard "five new songs that Billie has written and demoed", and that the fans should be "sure that when they do return, the music will be amazing."[81] On December 24, 2015, Green Day released a Christmas song, "Xmas Time of the Year".[82]
On August 11, 2016, Green Day released the first single, "Bang Bang",[83] from the group's album Revolution Radio, which was released on October 7, 2016.[84] Jason White did not participate in the album's recording sessions, and returned to his role as a touring member.[2][not in citation given] The band is currently on a world tour supporting the album.[85] In November 2016 the band performed at the American Music Awards show in Los Angeles and made a political statement about the then-recent US election of Donald Trump by the band chanting "No Trump, No KKK, No Fascist USA" during "Bang Bang".[86]
Musical style and influences
Green Day performing "King for a Day," a ska-inspired song featuring saxophones and trumpets.
Green Day's sound is often compared to first wave punk rock bands such as the Ramones, The Clash, Sex Pistols, The Jam, and the Buzzcocks.[32] Stylistically, the group is characterized as punk rock,[87] pop punk[88] and alternative rock.[89] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described Green Day as "punk revivalists who recharged the energy of speedy, catchy three-chord punk-pop songs."[90] While Armstrong is the primary songwriter, he looks to the other band members for organizational help.[91] Billie Joe Armstrong has mentioned that some of his biggest influences are seminal alternative rock bands Hüsker Dü and The Replacements, and that their influence is particularly noted in the band's chord changes in songs.[32] Green Day has covered Hüsker Dü's "Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely" as a b-side to the "Warning" single, and the character "Mr. Whirly" in the group's song "Misery" is a reference to the Replacements song of the same name.[92] Among other influences, Green Day have also cited The Kinks, The Who and power pop pioneers Cheap Trick.[93][94] English rock musician Noel Gallagher of Oasis complained about the band semi-jokingly, claiming that the band had ripped off his song "Wonderwall" with its song "Boulevard of Broken Dreams".[95]
During the American Idiot and 21st Century Breakdown eras of the band, the influences of David Bowie, The Who, Bruce Springsteen and U2 were crucial to the sound of the albums.[96]
Related projects
Main article: Green Day related projects
Since 1991, members of the band have branched out past Green Day, starting other projects with various musicians. Notable projects related to Green Day include Billie Joe Armstrong's Pinhead Gunpowder with Jason White, The Frustrators with Mike Dirnt, and The Network, a collaboration between Green Day and members of the band Devo in which all members play under fake stage names.[97] Green Day has also released an album titled Stop Drop and Roll!!! on May 20, 2008, under the name Foxboro Hot Tubs, which the band uses to book secret shows.[98] In late December 2011, Armstrong formed a family band called The Boo which recorded a one off Christmas record for their friends and family making a few copies available in a local store.[99][100][101][102]
In September 2006, Green Day collaborated with U2 and producer Rick Rubin to record a cover of the song "The Saints Are Coming", originally recorded by The Skids, with an accompanying video. The song was recorded to benefit Music Rising, an organization to help raise money for musicians' instruments lost during Hurricane Katrina, and to bring awareness on the eve of the one-year anniversary of the disaster.[103] In December 2006, Green Day and NRDC opened a web site in partnership to raise awareness on America's dependency on oil.[104][105]
Green Day released a cover of the John Lennon song "Working Class Hero", which was featured on the album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur. The band performed the song on the season finale of American Idol. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2008 but lost to The White Stripes' "Icky Thump". That summer, the band appeared in a cameo role in The Simpsons Movie, where the band performs the show's theme song; Green Day's version was released as a single on July 23, 2007.[106][107][108][109]
In 2009, the band collaborated with theater director Michael Mayer to adapt the group's rock opera American Idiot into a one-act stage musical that premiered at the Berkeley Rep on September 15, 2009. The show then moved to Broadway on April 20, 2010. The reviews of American Idiot: The Musical have been positive to mixed. Charles Isherwood of The New York Times wrote an enthusiastic review for the Broadway production. He called the show "a pulsating portrait of wasted youth that invokes all the standard genre conventions ... only to transcend them through the power of its music and the artistry of its execution, the show is as invigorating and ultimately as moving as anything I’ve seen on Broadway this season. Or maybe for a few seasons past." Jed Gottlieb of the Boston Herald enjoyed the premise of the show but found that "the music and message suffer in a setting where the audience is politely, soberly seated".[110]
Michael Kuchiwara of the Associated Press found the show to be "visually striking [and] musically adventurous", but noted that "the show has the barest wisp of a story and minimal character development". Paul Kolnik in USA Today enjoyed the contradiction that Green Day's "massively popular, starkly disenchanted album ... would be the feel-good musical of the season". Time magazine's Richard Zoglin opined that the score "is as pure a specimen of contemporary punk rock as Broadway has yet encountered, [yet] there's enough variety. ... Where the show fall short is as a fully developed narrative." He concluded that "American Idiot, despite its earnest huffing and puffing, remains little more than an annotated rock concert. ... Still, [it] deserves at least two cheers – for its irresistible musical energy and for opening fresh vistas for that odd couple, rock and Broadway."[111] Peter Travers from Rolling Stone, in his review of American Idiot, wrote "Though American Idiot carries echoes of such rock musicals as Tommy, Hair, Rent and Spring Awakening, it cuts its own path to the heart. You won’t know what hit you. American Idiot knows no limits—it's a global knockout."[112] The musical has been nominated for three Tony Awards, including Best Musical and Best Scenic Design. It was also nominated for a number of Drama Desk Awards and Outer Critics Circle Awards.
In October 2009, a Green Day art project was exhibited at StolenSpace Gallery in London. The exhibition showed artworks created for each of the songs on 21st Century Breakdown, was supported by the band, and led by the group's manager Pat Magnarella.[113] He explained in an interview that "[Artists are] basically like rock bands. Most are creating their art, but don't know how to promote it."[114] For Billie Joe Armstrong, "Many of the artists... show their work on the street, and we feel a strong connection to that type of creative expression."[115]
On April 13, 2011, a film version of American Idiot was confirmed.[116] Michael Mayer, director of the Broadway musical, will be directing the film. It will be produced by Green Day, Pat Magnarella (Green Day's manager who also produced Bullet in a Bible, Awesome as Fuck, and Heart Like a Hand Grenade), Playtone (Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman) and Tom Hulce.
On January 23, 2013, it was announced that a documentary showing Armstrong's journey from punk rock to Broadway was to be released.[117] Called Broadway Idiot and showing a lot of behind-the-scenes of the American Idiot musical production, the movie was directed by Doug Hamilton, veteran television journalist for CBS News' 60 Minutes and PBS documentaries such as Nova, Frontline and American Masters. A trailer was released on January 30, 2013.[118] The documentary premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival on March 15, 2013.[119]
Controversy
The band has generated controversy over whether the band's musical style and major-label status constitutes "true punk".[120] In reaction to both the style of music and the background of the band, John Lydon, former front man of the 1970s punk band the Sex Pistols commented, "So there we are fending off all that and it pisses me off that years later a wank outfit like Green Day hop in and nick all that and attach it to themselves. They didn't earn their wings to do that and if they were true punk they wouldn't look anything like they do."[121]
Armstrong has discussed the group's status of being a punk band on a major record label, saying "Sometimes I think we've become totally redundant because we're this big band now; we've made a lot of money – we're not punk rock any more. But then I think about it and just say, 'You can take us out of a punk rock environment, but you can't take the punk rock out of us.'"[120]
On September 21, 2012, while Green Day was performing at the iHeartRadio music festival, Armstrong stopped while performing "Basket Case", because he believed the group's time was being shortened, possibly in order to extend R&B artist Usher's performance. Angered, Armstrong began ranting while a screen in the rear of the audience was labeled "1 Minutes Left", saying "You're not gonna give me one fucking minute? You've gotta be fucking kidding me!". He also told the crowd he was not Justin Bieber and labeled the festival as a "joke". When the screen went blank, Armstrong smashed his guitar, while bassist Mike Dirnt smashed his bass. Armstrong then gave the finger, and declared that Green Day would be back before throwing his microphone down and walking off the stage.[122] Two days later, the band's representative apologized for the incident on the group's behalf stating that "Green Day would like everyone to know that their set was not cut short by Clear Channel and to apologize to those they offended at the iHeartRadio Festival in Las Vegas" also adding that Armstrong will be headed to rehab, for abuse of alcohol and prescription pills.[123][124] However, Dirnt would later say in an interview with Rolling Stone that he agreed with what Armstrong meant by his rant.[125]
On July 7, 2017, about 20 minutes before Green Day headlined a Mad Cool festival in Madrid, an acrobat fell about 30 metres (98 ft) from a cage above the stage and died. Some fans were upset at the band and festival organizers for continuing the show, which was attended by about 35,000 people.[126] On their website, Armstrong said the band did not know about the accident before their set, and likely would not have played if they had.[127]
Band members
Current members
Billie Joe Armstrong – lead vocals, lead guitar, piano, harmonica (1986–present)
Mike Dirnt – bass, backing vocals (1988–present); lead guitar (1986–1988)
Tré Cool – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1990–present)
Former members
Raj Punjabi – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1986–1987)[128][129]
Sean Hughes – bass guitar (1986–1988)
John Kiffmeyer – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1987–1990)
Aaron Cometbus – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1990)[130]
Dave "E.C." Henwood – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1990)[131][132]
Current touring members
Jason White – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1999–2012, 2016–present; official member 2012–2016)
Jason Freese – piano, keyboards, saxophone, trombone, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–present)
Jeff Matika – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2009–present)
Former touring members
Timmy Chunks – guitar, backing vocals (1997–1999)[133]
Garth Schultz – trombone, trumpet (1997–1999)[134]
Gabrial McNair – trombone, saxophone (1999–2000)[135]
Kurt Lohmiller – trumpet, percussion (1999–2004)[136]
Mike Pelino – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–2005)[137]
Ronnie Blake – trumpet, percussion (2004–2005)
Timeline
Awards and nominations
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Green Day
Discography
Main articles: Green Day discography and List of songs recorded by Green Day
39/Smooth (1990)
Kerplunk (1991)[138][139][140]
Dookie (1994)
Insomniac (1995)
Nimrod (1997)
Warning (2000)
American Idiot (2004)
21st Century Breakdown (2009)
¡Uno! (2012)
¡Dos! (2012)
¡Tré! (2012)
Revolution Radio (2016)
See also
Book: Green Day
Green Day portal
Green Day: Rock Band
List of best-selling albums in the United States
Further reading
Cohen, Johnathan (2004). "Green Day's 'Idiot' Fueling Banner Year". Billboard. Archived from the original (http) on April 6, 2005. Retrieved July 27, 2005.
Cohen, Johnathan (2005). "Green Day not ready to rest 'Idiot'". Billboard. Archived from the original (http) on November 28, 2005. Retrieved July 27, 2005.
Spitz, Marc. Nobody Likes You: Inside the Turbulent Life, Times, and Music of Green Day. New York: Hyperion, 2006. ISBN 1-4013-0274-2
The Green Day Story (Broadcast on Radio 1 Mon June 20, 2005) (Alternate Link (rpm. file))
References
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text:
Lists of mammals by population
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The population of mammals
Lists[show]

Even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla)
Carnivorans (Carnivora)
Cetaceans (Cetacea)
Bats (Chiroptera)
Odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla)
Primates (Primates)
Key[show]

Conservation status

Extinct in the wild (EW)
Critically Endangered (CR)
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Near Threatened (NT)
Least Concern (LC)
Data Deficient (DD)
Related[show]
Lists of organisms by population
List of birds by population
Mammal classification
List of recently extinct mammals
Lists of mammals by region
v
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This is a collection of lists of mammal species by estimated global population, divided by orders. (Lists only exist for some orders; e.g. the most diverse order - rodents - is missing.) Much of the data in these lists were created by the IUCN's Global Mammal Assessment Team, which consists of 1700 mammalogists from over 130 countries. They recognize 5488 species in the class.[1][2]
These lists are not comprehensive, as not all mammals have had their numbers estimated. For example, a live specimen of the spade-toothed whale was first observed in December 2010, and the event only recognized as such in November 2012; no estimate yet exists for the global population.[3] The accuracy of the quote numbers may only be an order of magnitude.
It is estimated that the total number of wild mammals in the world is about 130 billion.[4]
Lists by taxonomic order[edit]
List of even-toed ungulates by population - cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, water buffalo, camels, bison, yak, llamas, deer, antelope, giraffe, moose, hippos
List of odd-toed ungulates by population - horses, donkeys, mules, zebras, asses, rhinos, tapirs
List of carnivorans by population - domestic and wild cats & dogs, seals & other sea mammals, bears, weasels, foxes, mongoose
List of bats by population
List of cetacean species with population estimates - dolphins, porpoises, whales
List of primates by population - humans, other apes (including chimpanzees), monkeys
See also[edit]
Biology portal
Mammals portal
List of birds by population
Lists of organisms by population
References[edit]
Jump up ^ IUCN (n.d.). "Initiatives:Mammals". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
Jump up ^ IUCN (n.d.). "Initiatives:Mammals:Acknowledgements". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Kirsten; C. Scott Baker; Anton van Helden; Selina Patel; Craig Miller; Rochelle Constantine (6 November 2012). "The world's rarest whale". Current Biology. 22 (21): R905–R906. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.055. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
Jump up ^ http://reducing-suffering.org/how-many-wild-animals-are-there/
hide
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Mammals by population
Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
Carnivora (carnivorans)
Cetacea (cetaceans)
Chiroptera (bats)
Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
Primates
Related topics: Organisms by population • Birds by population
hide
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Lists of mammal species
Monotremes and marsupials
Tenrecs and golden moles
Elephant shrews
Aardvarks, hyraxes, elephants and sirens
Armadillos
Anteaters and sloths
Colugos
Treeshrews
Primates
Rodents
Lagomorphs
Hedgehogs and gymnures
Shrews and moles
Bats
Fruit bats
Cetaceans
Pangolins
Carnivores
Odd-toed ungulates
Even-toed ungulates
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists_of_mammals_by_population&oldid=823306115"
Categories:
Biology-related lists
Lists of mammals by population
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Member states of the League of Nations
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Between 1920 and 1939, a total of 63 countries became member states of the League of Nations. The Covenant forming the League of Nations was included in the Treaty of Versailles and came into force on 10 January 1920. The League of Nations was dissolved on 18 April 1946, when its assets and responsibilities were transferred to the United Nations.
The League’s greatest extent was from 28 September 1934 (when Ecuador joined) to 23 February 1935 (when Paraguay withdrew) with 58 members. At this time, only Costa Rica (22 January 1925), Brazil (14 June 1926), the Empire of Japan (27 March 1933) and Germany (19 September 1933) had withdrawn and only Egypt was left to join (on 26 May 1937). The members (listed from earliest joining and alphabetically if they joined on the same day) at this time were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, the British Empire, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Irish Free State, Ethiopia, Italy, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Persia/Iran, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Union of South Africa, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Venezuela, Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Luxembourg, Albania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Turkey, Iraq, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Afghanistan, British Raj, Syria and Ecuador.
Of the 42 founding members, 23 (or 24, counting Free France) remained members until the League of Nations was dissolved in 1946. A further 21 countries joined between 1920 and 1937, but 7 left, withdrew or were expelled before 1946.
Countries are listed under the year in which they joined. The word "withdrew" indicates that a country left of its own choice. The word "left" indicates a country that ceased to exist because of annexation by Germany, Italy or the USSR. The USSR was the only country to be expelled by the League (in 1939, following its invasion of Finland).
Despite formulating the concept and signing the Covenant, the United States never joined the League of Nations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Map
2 10 January 1920: founding members
3 1920
4 1921
5 1922
6 1923
7 1924
8 1926
9 1931
10 1932
11 1934
12 1937
13 See also
14 Notes
15 External links
Map[edit]
A map of the world in the years 1920-1945, which shows the League of Nations members during its history.
Members
≈
Colonies of members
Mandates
Non-members
Colonies of non-members
10 January 1920: founding members[edit]
Argentina (left in 1921 on rejection of an Argentine resolution that all sovereign states be admitted to the League.[1] It resumed full membership in 1933[2])
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil (withdrew 14 June 1926)
British Empire separate membership for:[3]
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
India
New Zealand
South Africa
Chile (withdrew 14 May 1938)
Republic of China
Colombia
Cuba
Czechoslovakia (15 March 1939 occupied by Germany)[4]
Denmark[5]
El Salvador (withdrew 11 August 1937)
France (Vichy France withdrew 18 April 1941; withdrawal not recognised by Free French forces)
Greece
Guatemala (withdrew 26 May 1936)
Haiti (withdrew April 1942)
Honduras (withdrew 10 July 1936)
Kingdom of Italy (withdrew 11 December 1937)
Empire of Japan (withdrew 27 March 1933)
Liberia
Netherlands
Nicaragua (withdrew 27 June 1936)
Norway
Panama
Paraguay (withdrew 23 February 1935)
Persia (known as Iran from 1934)
Peru (withdrew 8 April 1939)
Poland
Portugal
Romania (withdrew July 1940)
Siam (known as Thailand from 1939)
Spain (withdrew May 1939)
Sweden
Switzerland
Uruguay
Venezuela (withdrew 12 July 1938)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (known as Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929)[6]
1920[edit]
Austria (joined 15 December 1920; ceased to exist 13 March 1938)
Bulgaria (joined 16 December 1920)
Costa Rica (joined 16 December 1920; withdrew 22 January 1925)
Finland (joined 16 December 1920)[7]
Luxembourg (joined 16 December 1920)[8]
Albania (joined 17 December 1920)[9]
1921[edit]
Estonia (joined 22 September 1921, occupied and annexed by the USSR in 1940)
Latvia (joined 22 September 1921, occupied and annexed by the USSR in 1940)
Lithuania (joined 22 September 1921, occupied and annexed by the USSR in 1940)
1922[edit]
Kingdom of Hungary (joined 18 September 1922; withdrew 11 April 1939)
1923[edit]
Irish Free State (joined 10 September 1923, known as Ireland from 1937)
Abyssinia (joined 28 September 1923)
1924[edit]
Dominican Republic (joined 28 September 1924)
1926[edit]
Germany (joined 8 September 1926; withdrew 19 October 1933)
1931[edit]
Mexico (joined 9 September 1931, and is declared member 12 September 1931)[10]
1932[edit]
Turkey (joined 18 July 1932)
Kingdom of Iraq (joined 3 October 1932)
1934[edit]
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (joined 18 September 1934; expelled 14 December 1939)
Kingdom of Afghanistan (joined 27 September 1934)
Ecuador (joined 28 September 1934)
1937[edit]
Kingdom of Egypt (joined 26 May 1937)
See also[edit]
United Nations portal
Member states of the United Nations
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ South America, Encyclopedia of World History
Jump up ^ League of Nations chronology, United Nations
Jump up ^ Members of the 1st Assembly, League of Nations, Geneva, November 15 to December 18, 1920.
Jump up ^ Czechoslovakia never formally left the League and was present at the last meeting of the Assembly in 1946
Jump up ^ Left upon German takeover in 1943[citation needed]
Jump up ^ Occupied by Axis Powers 1941-1945
Jump up ^ Withdrew from active participation in the League after its defeat by the Soviet Union in 1944.
Jump up ^ Forced to withdraw by German occupation in May 1940 and incorporation into the German Reich.
Jump up ^ Forced to withdraw by Italian invasion of 1939.
Jump up ^ Toledo-García, Itzel; University of Essex, UK: ‘’"La cuestión de la dignidad nacional en el ingreso de México a la Sociedad de Naciones, 1919-1931"’’ [1] Retrieved September 4, 2016. (Translated from Spanish: "On September 7th, 1931, the British Empire, Germany, Northern Ireland, Spain, France, Italy and Japan began the initiative; next day the proposal was adopted unanimously by the assembly, and the invitation was sent to the government of Mexico. The 10th of September the acceptance was communicated in Geneva… Two days later, Mexico was declared member of the League of Nations.")
External links[edit]
Map of League of Nations members
worldstatesmen.org
List of States Members of the League of Nations on 31.XII.1944 from the League of Nations Statistical Yearbook (1942-44)
[hide]
v
t
e
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
League of Nations
Covenant of the League of Nations
Members
Organisation
Minority Treaties
Little Treaty of Versailles
Mandates
Treaty of Versailles
War guilt
Reparations
Role in the Weimar Republic's hyperinflation
Dawes Plan
Young Plan
Lausanne Conference
Locarno
Stresa Front
Possible cause of the Second World War
International Opium Convention
Subsequent treaties
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Sèvres
Partition of the Ottoman Empire
Conference of London (1920)
San Remo conference
Turkish National Movement
Turkish War of Independence
Treaty of Lausanne
Other
American Commission to Negotiate Peace
Commission of Responsibilities
The Inquiry
Related
A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay
The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors
To the Unknown British Soldier in France
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