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Puss in Boots (2011 film)
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Puss in Boots
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Chris Miller
Produced by
Latifa Ouaou
Joe M. Aguilar
Written by
Tom Wheeler
Will Davies
Brian Lynch
Starring
Antonio Banderas
Zach Galifianakis
Salma Hayek
Billy Bob Thornton
Amy Sedaris
Constance Marie
Music by
Henry Jackman
Edited by
Eric Dapkewicz
Production
company
DreamWorks Animation
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures1
Release date
October 16, 2011 (2011-10-16) (Allure of the Seas)
October 28, 2011 (2011-10-28) (United States)
Running time
90 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$130 million[1]
Box office
$555 million[2]
Puss in Boots is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated fantasy action comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures.1 It was directed by Chris Miller (who also directed 2007's Shrek the Third) and written by Brian Lynch and Tom Wheeler. It stars Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, Zach Galifianakis, Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris. The film was released in theaters on October 28, 2011[3] in Digital 3D and IMAX 3D.[4]
Although the character of Puss in Boots originated in a European fairy tale in 1697, the film is a spin-off prequel to the Shrek franchise. It follows the character Puss in Boots on his adventures before his first appearance in Shrek 2 in 2004. Accompanied by his friends, Humpty Dumpty and Kitty Softpaws, Puss is pitted against Jack and Jill, two murderous outlaws in ownership of legendary magical beans which lead to great fortune.
Puss in Boots grossed $554.9 million at the box office. It was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards. A television series, titled The Adventures of Puss in Boots, premiered on Netflix in 2015.[5] A sequel film, titled Puss in Boots 2: Nine Lives & 40 Thieves, was scheduled to be released in 2018,[6] but removed from the DreamWorks schedule in early 2015.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
7 Expanded franchise
7.1 Sequel
7.2 Animated series
8 Video games
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
Puss in Boots (Antonio Banderas) is a talking cat named for his signature pair of boots. Puss is a fugitive on the run from the law, looking to restore his lost honor. He learns that the outlaw couple Jack (Billy Bob Thornton) and Jill (Amy Sedaris) have the magic beans he's been looking for most of his life, which can lead him to a giant's castle holding valuable golden goose eggs. When Puss tries to steal them from the outlaws' room, a female cat named Kitty Softpaws interrupts, and both fail. Kitty is allied with Humpty Alexander Dumpty, a talking egg and Puss' long-estranged childhood friend from the orphanage where he was raised. Puss tells Kitty his origin story and of his feelings of betrayal for a youthful misadventure when Humpty tricked Puss into helping commit a bank robbery in his hometown of San Ricardo; Puss has been on the run ever since. Humpty eventually convinces Puss to join them in finding the beans and retrieving the golden eggs.
The trio steal the beans from Jack and Jill and plant them in the desert. Puss and Kitty's relationship becomes romantic. The trio ride the beanstalk into the clouds to find the castle of the late giant, while avoiding the Great Terror, a giant goose that guards the Golden Goose. When they realize the golden eggs are too heavy to carry, they steal the Goose, which is just a gosling, and escape the castle. While celebrating their victory, the group is ambushed by Jack and Jill, who knock Puss unconscious.
When Puss wakes up, he tracks Jack and Jill to San Ricardo where he learns the entire heist was a plot by Humpty to lure him home to be arrested, as revenge for abandoning him to the authorities when Humpty's youthful heist went bad. Jack, Jill, and Kitty were involved in the con. After pleas from Imelda, his adoptive mother, Puss turns himself in to the guards while Humpty donates many golden eggs to the town and becomes a hero.
While in prison, Puss meets the original Jack from "Jack and the Beanstalk" who warns him that the Great Terror is in fact the Goose's mother, and it will stop at nothing to get its child back. Realizing Humpty intended to destroy the town all along, Puss lets a repentant Kitty help him break out of prison and she also tells him she loves him. Tracking him down just as the Great Terror arrives, Puss convinces Humpty to help him fight off the Great Terror, saying he knows Humpty is a good person at heart. Using the Goose as bait, Puss and Humpty lure the Great Terror out of the town. During the chase, Jack and Jill betray Humpty and try to take the Goose, but get crushed by the Great Terror. Humpty and the Goose are knocked off a bridge with Puss holding onto them. Humpty knows Puss cannot hold both of them, so he lets go, sacrificing himself to save the Goose and the town. Humpty's shell cracks open to reveal he was a golden egg on the inside. The Great Terror then takes the Goose and Humpty back to the giant's castle.
Puss' efforts to save San Ricardo make him a hero among the townspeople and Imelda. In the epilogue, Jack and Jill are recovering from their injuries, Humpty is shown once again in his regular egg form, wearing a golden egg suit, as he rides the Great Terror into the clouds, and Puss and Kitty kiss.
Cast[edit]
Salma Hayek, Antonio Banderas and Puss in Boots at a premiere of the film in Paris.
Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, a fugitive from the law and a hero of San Ricardo.
Zach Galifianakis as Humpty Alexander Dumpty, the mastermind who intends to retrieve the Golden Eggs from the one-of-a-kind Goose.
Salma Hayek as Kitty Softpaws, a street-savvy Tuxedo cat who is Puss' female counterpart and love interest.
Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris as Jack and Jill, a murderous outlaw husband and wife couple.
Constance Marie as Imelda, Puss' human adoptive mother
Guillermo del Toro as Comandante, Moustache Man
Mike Mitchell as Andy "Jack" Beanstalk
Production[edit]
The film had been in development since 2004, when Shrek 2 was released.[8] As a Shrek 2 spin-off, it was initially planned for release in 2008 as a direct-to-video film,[9] then titled Puss in Boots: The Story of an Ogre Killer.[10] By October 2006, the film was re-slated as a theatrical release due to market conditions,[11] and due to DreamWorks Animation's realization that the Puss character deserved more.[12]
In September 2010, Guillermo del Toro signed on as executive producer.[13] Discussing del Toro, Miller stated: "We worked out a system for him to come in once every few months or whenever we had something new to show him. If we needed someone to bounce ideas off of, he was always there, and if we had a problem we were tackling, we'd get Guillermo on the red phone – our emergency phone – and ask him advice on what we should do with a certain character or scene. It was like having our own film school." Miller stated that del Toro was particularly involved in Humpty's character design. "Guillermo loved the dreamy quality of Humpty Dumpty. He suggested we push that further, make him more like da Vinci."[12] It was del Toro's idea to make Humpty "an ingenious freak of nature" who builds contraptions such as a flying machine.[14] Del Toro rewrote the ending to redeem the character and deepen his relationship with Puss – an unconventional conclusion for a children's film.[15] He helped design the fantasy elements of the giant's castle, as well as the architecture of the town, which he conceived as "an amalgam of Spain and Mexico".[14]
Except for Puss, the film features new characters. Citing the co-writer, David H. Steinberg, "It doesn't overlap with Shrek at all. Partly that was done to tell an original Puss story, but partly because we didn't know what Shrek 4 were going to do with the characters and we couldn't write conflicting storylines."[16] The film was teased in Shrek Forever After, when Shrek finally shuts the book titled "Shrek", and puts it away next to a book titled "Puss in Boots".
Puss in Boots is the first DreamWorks Animation feature film that was partly made in India. A Bangalore studio owned by Technicolor, which had mainly worked on TV specials and DVD bonus material, spent six months animating three major scenes in the film. The outsourcing had financial advantages, with 40% less labor costs than in the US, but the primary reason for outsourcing to India was lack of personnel, due to the studio producing as many as three films a year.[17]
The release date was originally set for November 4, 2011, but was pushed a week earlier to October 28, 2011.[3] Anne Globe, head of worldwide marketing for DreamWorks Animation, said the decision to move the film's release date a week earlier was to attract parents and their children to see the film before other family-friendly movies were released in November 2011.[18]
The film was renamed Cat in Boots in the United Arab Emirates for officially unknown reasons, but it is suspected for religious and cultural reasons.[19][20] According to UAE's The National Media Council, which is responsible for censorship, UAE didn't have any involvement in the rename and that "the decision to change the name had been made by the Hollywood studio and the movie distributors in the UAE."[21] Consequently, since the film's distributor was based in the UAE, the same print was syndicated to all theaters throughout the Middle East. However, the name change was limited to the film's original theatrical run, as merchandise and later regional home media release retained the film's original title.
Soundtrack[edit]
Puss in Boots
Film score by Henry Jackman
Released
October 24, 2011
Genre
Score
Length
65:51
Label
Sony Classical
Henry Jackman, the composer for Puss in Boots, utilized folk instruments of traditional Latin music. Inspired by Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, Jackman blended guitars and Latin percussion with an orchestral sound influenced by Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.[22] Mexican guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela contributed to Jackman’s score, and two of their songs, Diabolo Rojo and Hanuman were included in the soundtrack.[23] Lady Gaga's song "Americano" was also featured in the film.[24][25] The soundtrack for the film, featuring the original score by Jackman, was released on October 24, 2011, by Sony Classical.[26]
Release[edit]
Puss in Boots had its world premiere on October 16, 2011, aboard the Royal Caribbean International's cruise ship Allure of the Seas, docked in Fort Lauderdale, Florida at the time.[27][28] It was theatrically released in the United States on October 28, 2011.[28] The film was digitally re-mastered into IMAX 3D, and was released in 268 North American IMAX theaters and at least 47 IMAX theaters outside North America.[4]
Home media[edit]
Puss in Boots was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on February 24, 2012. The movie was accompanied by a short animated film called Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos.[29] As of July 2013, 7.2 million home entertainment units were sold worldwide.[30]
Another featured extra short is "Klepto Kitty"; a three-minute profile of Dusty the Klepto Kitty, a notorious cat in California who steals items from neighbors' yards, some of it captured on a night vision kitty-cam, hung around Dusty's neck by the Animal Planet network for their own documentary.[31]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 84% based on reviews from 142, with an average rating of 6.8 out of 10. The website's consensus is, "It isn't deep or groundbreaking, but what it lacks in profundity, Puss in Boots more than makes up for with an abundance of wit, visual sparkle, and effervescent charm."[32] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gives the film a score of 65% based on 24 reviews.[33] CinemaScore polls reported that the average grade moviegoers gave the film was an "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[34]
Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, saying "Puss in Boots is a perfectly diverting romp that happens to showcase some of the best 3D work yet from a mainstream animated feature. Colorful, clever enough, free of cloying showbiz in-jokes, action-packed without being ridiculous about it and even well choreographed."[35] Peter Debruge of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "Puss' origin story could easily stand on its own -- a testament to clever writing on the part of its creative team and an irresistible central performance by Antonio Banderas."[36] Christy Lemire of the Associated Press gave the film three out of four stars, saying "For quick, lively, family friendly entertainment, "Puss in Boots" works just fine, even in 3-D, which is integrated thoughtfully into the narrative and doesn't just feel like a gimmick."[37] Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic gave the film three and a half stars out of five, saying "As good as Banderas and Hayek are together, Galifianakis is better, making Humpty-Dumpty, of all people, one of the more intriguing animated characters to come along in a while. He's a nice surprise."[38] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times gave the film three out of four stars, saying "I left dreaming of a world in which cats could tango - and when's the last time a movie did that?"[39] Marjorie Baumgarten of The Austin Chronicle gave the film three out of five stars, saying "The seductive interplay of Banderas and Hayek, the barely recognizable vocal contributions of Galifianakis, and the Southern backwoods speech of Thornton and Sedaris all keep us attuned to the events on the screen."[40]
Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C, saying "In the Shrek films, the joke of Puss in Boots, with his trilled consonants and penchant for chest-puffing sword duels, is that no one this cuddly should try to be this dashing. But in Puss in Boots, that joke wears out its welcome in 15 minutes."[41] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Puss in Boots doesn't break any new ground in the storytelling department, and its reliance on go-go-go state-of-the-art action sequences grows wearying by the end, but the movie has a devilish wit that works for parent and child alike."[42] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It's always a pleasure to find a family film that respects its audience all the way up the line."[43] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "Remember that toy where you yank a string and hear the sound of a barnyard animal? "Puss in Boots" has about half as much entertainment value."[44] Olly Richards of Empire gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Like most kittens, it's not always perfectly behaved, but at least this new Puss adventure doesn't have you reaching for the cinematic spray bottle. And thank goodness the spin-off does nothing to neuter the charismatic cat's appeal."[45] Stan Hall of The Oregonian gave the film a B, saying "Puss in Boots isn't particularly deep, nor does it take itself seriously -- it just wants to seek glory, win affection and cash in. Done, done and done."[46]
Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Perhaps the most engaging thing about "Puss in Boots" is that it never takes itself too seriously."[47] Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave the film three and a half stars out of five, saying "It is a cheerfully chaotic jumble of fairy tale and nursery rhyme characters parachuted into a Spanish storybook setting."[48] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "Basically, this toon is a tired riff on Sergio Leone's spaghetti Westerns, punctuated by more puns and cat jokes than you can shake a litter box at."[49] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "With his impeccable comic timing and lyrical Spanish accent, Banderas' swashbuckling charmer is an undeniable treat."[50] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Puss in Boots" proves there is at least one cat with multiple lives. The feature-length animated spinoff - a star turn for the popular "Shrek" supporting character voiced by Antonio Banderas - is almost shockingly good. And not just because a lot of you will approach it with lowered expectations."[51] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film three out of four stars, saying "An almost purr-fect little film that even a dog owner can enjoy."[52]
Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal gave the film a positive review, saying "Puss made his debut in "Shrek 2," then did time in the two decreasingly funny sequels. Now he's got a movie of his own, and not a moment too soon."[53] Lisa Kennedy of The Denver Post gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It would overstate matters to say Puss in Boots leaves its cat holding the bag (we had to get that in). But it also leaves its hero awaiting a richer fable, one befitting his charms and his portrayer's talents."[54] Anna Smith of Time Out gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Puss in Boots is uneven, but when it's on course, cat fans will be in heaven."[55] Amy Biancolli of the Houston Chronicle gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Puss in Boots prances along on three basic truths. One, cats are funny. Two, vain Spanish cats in high-heeled musketeer boots are even funnier. Lastly, booted, vain Spanish cats voiced by a breathy Antonio Banderas are flat-out hilarious."[56] Tasha Robinson of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+, saying "Puss In Boots makes a great theme-park ride, a thrill-a-minute feast for the eyes and the semicircular canals. But while the settings are impressively multidimensional, the characters are flatter than old-school cel drawings."[57]
Box office[edit]
The film grossed $149,260,504 in North America, and $405,726,973 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $554,987,477.[2] It is the eleventh highest-grossing film of 2011 and is also the third highest-grossing animated film that year behind Kung Fu Panda 2 ($665.7 million) and Cars 2 ($559.9 million).[58]
In North America, the film topped the box office on its opening day with $9.6 million.[59] On its opening weekend, the film made $34,077,439,[60][61] topping Saw III's record ($33.6 million) for the highest Halloween weekend opening ever.[62] It retained first place during its second weekend, with $33,054,644, declining only 3%.[63]
Outside North America, on its opening weekend, it earned second place with $17.2 million.[64] The film opened at #1 in both the UK with a weekend gross of £1.98 million ($3.1 million),[65] and Australia, with $2.98 million.[66] It topped the box office outside North America on its seventh weekend with $47.1 million from 40 countries.[67] It ranks as the ninth highest-grossing film of 2011 outside North America.[68] Its highest-grossing country after North America was Russia and the CIS ($50.6 million), followed by Germany ($33.9 million) and France and the Maghreb region ($33.2 million).[69]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Academy Awards[12] Best Animated Feature Chris Miller Nominated
Alliance of Women Film Journalists[70] Best Animated Film
Best Animated Female Salma Hayek
Annie Awards[71] Best Animated Feature
Animated Effects in an Animated Production Can Yuksel
Character Animation in a Feature Production Olivier Staphylas
Character Design in a Feature Production Patrick Mate
Directing in a Feature Production Chris Miller
Music in a Feature Production Henry Jackman
Storyboarding in a Feature Production Bob Logan
Voice Acting in a Feature Production Zach Galifianakis
Editing in a Feature Production Eric Dapkewicz
Critics' Choice Awards[72] Best Animated Feature
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Animated Film
Golden Globe Awards[73] Best Animated Feature Film
Kids Choice Awards[74][75] Favorite Animated Movie Won
Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie Antonio Banderas Nominated
Producers Guild of America Awards[76] Best Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures Joe M. Aguilar, Latifa Ouaou
Satellite Awards[77] Best Animated or Mixed Media Film
Toronto Film Critics Association[78] Best Animated Feature
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards[79] Best Animated Feature
Women Film Critics Circle[80] Best Animated Females Won
Saturn Awards[81] Best Animated Film
Teen Choice Awards[82] Choice Movie Actress Action/Adventure Salma Hayek Nominated
Expanded franchise[edit]
Sequel[edit]
In November 2012, executive producer Guillermo del Toro said that they already did a couple of script drafts for a sequel, and that the director Chris Miller wants to take Puss on an adventure to exotic places.[15] In April 2014, Antonio Banderas, the voice of Puss, said that the work on the sequel had just begun.[83] In June 2014, the movie was titled Puss in Boots 2: Nine Lives & 40 Thieves and was scheduled to be released on November 2, 2018.[84] Two months later, it was moved back to December 21, 2018.[6] In January 2015, Puss in Boots 2 was removed from the release schedule following corporate restructuring and DreamWorks Animation's new policy to release two films a year.[85][7] Two months later, Banderas said in an interview that the script was under restructuring, and that Shrek may appear in the film.[86]
Animated series[edit]
Main article: The Adventures of Puss in Boots
The film also spawned an animated series that premiered on Netflix on January 16, 2015.[5]
Video games[edit]
Puss in Boots, a video game based on the film, developed by Blitz Games, and published by THQ on October 25, 2011 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, and Nintendo DS.[87] It features support for Kinect and PlayStation Move on the respective platforms.[88]
Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots, a Puss in Boots-themed Fruit Ninja video game, which was released on October 20, 2011, on the iOS App Store,[89] and was released for Android devices on November 28, 2011, on the Amazon Appstore.[90]
Notes[edit]
^ In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation from Paramount Pictures.[91]
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Jump up ^ "Review of Puss in Boots - 29-95.com". Events.chron.com. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Tasha (October 27, 2011). "Puss In Boots | Film | Movie Review". The A.V. Club. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "2011 Worldwide Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Smith, Grady (October 29, 2011). "Box office update: 'Puss in Boots' the cat's meow on Friday with $9.6 million". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Smith, Grady (October 30, 2011). "Box office report: 'Puss in Boots' walks all over 'In Time' and 'The Rum Diary' with $34 million debut". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ "October 28-30, 2011". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (October 31, 2011). "Weekend Report: 'Puss' Purrs Softly". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Young, John (November 6, 2011). "Box office report: 'Puss in Boots' stuns 'Tower Heist' by topping weekend with $33 mil". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Segers, Frank (October 30, 2011). "Foreign Box Office: Spielberg's 'Adventures Of Tintin' Opens Solid No. 1 Overseas". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mayer, Nissim (December 13, 2011). "'Puss in Boots' beats 'Arthur Christmas': UK box office top 10 in full". Digital Spy. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Australia Box Office December 8–11, 2011". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (December 11, 2011). "Around-the-World Roundup: 'Puss' Climbs to First". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Overseas Total Yearly Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Puss In Boots - International Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cornet, Roth (December 23, 2011). "'The Artist' leads with 9 Alliance of Women Journalists nominations". Hitfix. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "39th Annual Annie Nominations & Winners". International Animated Film Society ASIFA Hollywood. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Karger, Dave (December 13, 2011). "'The Artist' and 'Hugo' lead Broadcast Film Critics nominations". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (December 16, 2011). "'Tree of Life' leads Chicago film critics nods". Hitfix. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nickelodeon (March 31, 2012). "Tom Cruise, Lady Gaga, Tim Tebow, Johnny Depp, Big Time Rush, Daniel Radcliffe and Other Top Stars Receive Nominations for Nickelodeon's 25th Annual Kids' Choice Awards Hosted by Mega-Star Will Smith". PRNewswire. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wolfe, Jennifer (March 12, 2012). "'Chipmunks', 'Puss in Boots' Win Kids' Choice Film Awards". Animation World Network. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 3, 2012). "Producers Guild Nominates 10 Movies From 'The Artist' to 'War Horse'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lodge, Guy (December 2, 2011). "Satellite Award nominations topped by 'War Horse'... and 'Drive'". Hitfix. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kay, Jeremy (December 14, 2011). "Toronto critics honour Tree Of Life with best film, director". Screen Daily. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The 2011 WAFCA Awards". The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association. December 5, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cornet, Roth (December 20, 2012). "Women critics like 'The Help,' 'Iron Lady' and 'Whistleblower'". Hitfix. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nominations for the 38th Annual Saturn Awards". Saturn Award. Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. February 29, 2012. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ng, Philiana (May 18, 2012). "Teen Choice Awards 2012: 'Vampire Diaries' Leads Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (April 16, 2014). "Antonio Banderas Says He Just Started Work on PUSS IN BOOTS 2". Collider.com. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dates Set for Madagascar 4, The Croods 2, Puss in Boots 2, Captain Underpants, and Hitman". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New Dates & Changes". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ de Semlyen, Phil (March 27, 2015). "Shrek To Return For Puss In Boots 2?". Empire. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "DreamWorks' Puss in Boots". THQ. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Step into the Boots of the Swashbuckling Feline Hero with the Puss in Boots Video Game from THQ". THQ via Business Wire. September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Ben (October 7, 2011). "Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots is a thing, really; coming to iOS on Oct. 20". Joystiq. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hinkle, David (November 25, 2011). "Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots heading to Android on Monday". Joystiq. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Chney, Alexandra (July 29, 2014). "DreamWorks Animation Q2 Earnings Fall Short of Estimates, SEC Investigation Revealed". Variety. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
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Age of majority
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The age of majority is the threshold of adulthood as recognized or declared in law. It is the moment when minors cease to be considered such and assume legal control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thus terminating the control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18. The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age as opposed to minority, the state of being a minor. The law in a given jurisdiction may not actually use the term "age of majority". The term typically refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood. The age of majority does not necessarily correspond to the mental or physical maturity of an individual.
Age of majority should not be confused with the age of sexual consent, marriageable age, school leaving age, drinking age, driving age, voting age, smoking age, gambling age, etc., which each may be independent of and set at a different age from the age of majority.
Although a person may attain the age of majority in a particular jurisdiction, they may still be subject to age-based restrictions regarding matters such as the right to vote or stand for elective office, act as a judge, and many others.
Contents
[hide]
1 Explanation
2 Civil law
2.1 Up to age 15
2.2 Age 15
2.3 Age 16
2.4 Age 17
2.5 Age 18
2.6 Age 19
2.7 Age 20
2.8 Age 21
3 Religious law
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
Explanation[edit]
Age of majority can be confused with the similar concept of the age of license,[1] which also pertains to the threshold of adulthood but in a much broader and more abstract way. As a legal term of art, "license" means "permission", and it can implicate a legally enforceable right or privilege. Thus, an age of license is an age at which one has legal permission from government to do something. The age of majority, on the other hand, is legal recognition that one has grown into an adult.[2]
Age of majority pertains solely to the acquisition of the legal control over one's person, decisions and actions, and the correlative termination of the legal authority of the parents (or guardian(s), in lieu of parent(s)) over the child’s person and affairs generally.
Many ages of license are correlated to the age of majority, but they are nonetheless legally distinct concepts. One need not have attained the age of majority to have permission to exercise certain rights and responsibilities. Some ages of license are actually higher than the age of majority. For example, to purchase alcoholic beverages, the age of license is 21 in all U.S. states. Another example is the voting age, which prior to the 1970s was 21 in the US, while the age of majority was 18 in most states. In the Republic of Ireland the age of majority is 18, but one must be over 21 years of age to stand for election to the Houses of the Oireachtas.[3] Also, in Portugal the age of majority is 18, but one must be at least 25 years of age to run for public office.[4] A child who is legally emancipated by a court of competent jurisdiction automatically attains to their maturity upon the signing of the court order. Only emancipation confers the status of maturity before a person has actually reached the age of majority.
In almost all places, minors who are married are automatically emancipated. Some places also do the same for minors who are in the armed forces or who have a certain degree or diploma.[5]
Civil law[edit]
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In many countries minors can be emancipated: depending on jurisdiction, this may happen through acts such as marriage, attaining economic self-sufficiency, obtaining an educational degree or diploma, or participating in a form of military service. In the United States, all states have some form of emancipation of minors.[6]
The following list the age of majority in countries (or administrative divisions) in the order of lowest to highest:
Up to age 15[edit]
Saudi Arabia[7] - age of majority is based on physical signs of puberty (bulugh), with age 15 as the upper limit.
Age 15[edit]
Indonesia[8]
Iran[9] (male only)
Myanmar[10]
Yemen[11][note 1]
Age 16[edit]
Cambodia[12]
Cuba[13]
Kyrgyzstan[14]
Palestine
Pakistan[15] (female only)
United Kingdom
Scotland[16]
Vietnam[17]
Age 17[edit]
North Korea[18]
Tajikistan[19]
Timor-Leste[20]
Age 18[edit]
Afghanistan
Albania[21]
American Samoa[22]
Andorra[23]
Argentina[24]
Angola
Armenia
Australia[25]
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas[26]
Bangladesh
Barbados[27]
Belarus[28]
Belgium[29]
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina[30]
Brazil [note 2]
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burundi
Canada[31]
Alberta
Manitoba
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Chile
China[32]
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia [note 3]
Cyprus
Czech Republic[33][34]
Denmark (incl. Faroe Islands and Greenland)[35]
Djibouti[36]
Dominica
Dominican Republic[37]
Ecuador
Egypt[38]
El Salvador[39]
Estonia
Fiji
Finland[40]
France
Germany[41]
Georgia
Ghana
Greece[42]
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau[43]
Guyana
Haiti
Hong Kong[44]
Hungary
Iceland
India[45]
Iraq[46][note 4]
Ireland[47]
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan (2022~)
Jordan
Kazakhstan[48]
Kenya
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Malawi[49]
Malta[50]
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico[51]
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Nepal
Netherlands[52][note 5]
Norway
Oman[53]
Pakistan (male only)[54]
Palau[55]
Panama
Peru
Philippines[56]
Poland[57] [note 6]
Portugal
Qatar
Romania ("Minimum legal age in Romania")
Russia [note 7][58]
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis[59]
Seychelles
Slovakia
Slovenia
Somalia
South Africa[60]
Spain
Sri Lanka[61]
Sudan[62]
Sweden[63]
Switzerland[64]
Syria
Serbia
Tanzania
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia[65]
Turkey[66]
Uganda[67]
Ukraine[68]
United Kingdom[69]
England
Wales[70]
Northern Ireland[71][72]
Crown dependencies
Isle of Man[73]
Jersey[74]
Gibraltar[75]
Guernsey[76]
United States:[77] all states and territories except for those listed below
Uruguay
Uzbekistan[78]
Vatican City
Venezuela
Zimbabwe
Age 19[edit]
Algeria[79]
Canada
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
British Columbia
Newfoundland and Labrador
Northwest Territories
Yukon
Nunavut
South Korea[80]
United States
Alabama[81]
Nebraska[82]
Age 20[edit]
Japan[83]
New Zealand[84]
Paraguay
Taiwan
Thailand
Coming of Age Day in Japan
Age 21[edit]
Bahrain[85]
Cameroon[86]
Côte d'Ivoire[87]
Gabon[88]
Grenada[89]
Honduras[85]
Kuwait[90]
Lesotho[85]
Madagascar[91]
Malaysia
Namibia[85]
Samoa
Singapore[92]
Swaziland[85]
United Arab Emirates
United States
Mississippi[93]
Puerto Rico
Zambia[49]
Religious law[edit]
The age of majority is variously defined as follows:
Islam: A person having reached the age of 15 or having entered puberty before that age is considered bulugh (adult).
Judaism: 13 years of age for males (Bar Mitzvah) and 12 years of age for females (Bat Mitzvah); such persons are considered adults[94]
Roman Catholic Church: 18 years of age[95]
See also[edit]
Age of candidacy
Age of consent
Age of criminal responsibility
Emancipation of minors
Legal drinking age
Marriageable age
Mature minor doctrine
Secular coming-of-age ceremony
Voting age
Youth rights
Youth suffrage
Youth
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Amendments to existing laws have been drafted to raise majority age to 18.
Jump up ^ Those aged 16 or older can be emancipated upon marriage, by being approved for civil service, by graduating in college or for being economically independent
Jump up ^ If minor becomes a parent or marries – a judicial act is passed with prior hearing of minors parents and getting an opinion of the Social Care centre
Jump up ^ Iraq's Civil Code defines the age of majority as 18; however, due to the Iraqi constitution and instability, Note 1 (above) may apply as courts choose between Shari'ah law and the Civil Code
Jump up ^ (Netherlands) Or earlier upon marriage
Jump up ^ (Poland) Or upon marriage which for women can happen at 16 the earliest, voting age is 18 always
Jump up ^ Minors are emancipated upon marriage or in case of working on a labour agreement or being engaged in business activities.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "At what age can I?". Dublin: Citizens Information Board (Bord um Fhaisnéis do Shaoránaigh / BFS). Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "CONSTITUTION OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Statutory and Judicial Emancipation of Minors in the United States, 2001–2002 analysis by law students of Northeastern University
Jump up ^ Emancipation of minors, Cornell .
Jump up ^ "Adults Before Their Time: Children in Saudi Arabia's Criminal Justice System" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. March 2008. p. 14. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
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Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kyrgyzstan/
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Jump up ^ Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991, 1991-07-25. Retrieved on 2017-06-07.
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Jump up ^ [1] Civil Code of the Republic of Albania
Jump up ^ "Code Annotated". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Children's Rights: China". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2013-11-18.
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Jump up ^ Interpol report on Denmark[dead link]
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Jump up ^ http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/120441/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-cabinet-approves-amendment-to-lower-age-o.aspx
Jump up ^ "El Salvador". U.S. Department of State. 23 Feb 2000. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ § 2 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)
Jump up ^ "Greek Civil Code". MinistryOfJustice.gr.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 2014-12-21. Guinea-Bissau
Jump up ^ http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/98EF59AFAC7965F9482575EF00048ABE/$FILE/CAP_410_e_b5.pdf
Jump up ^ Indian Majority Act
Jump up ^ Iraqi Civil Law: Its Sources, Substance, and Sundering Archived 10 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Age of Majority Act, 1985". Irish Statute Book. Oireachtas. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
Jump up ^ article 17 of the Civil Code
^ Jump up to: a b Chigunta, Schnurr, James-Wilson and Torres (2005). "Being "Real" about Youth Entrepreneurship in Eastern and Southern Africa: Implications for Adults, Institutions and Sector Structures" (PDF). International Labour Office. p. 3, Table 1.1. Retrieved 2 March 2012. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ [2] APC.org [3] Malta Civil Code Section 157
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
Jump up ^ http://www.dutchcivillaw.com/civilcodebook01.htm
Jump up ^ "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ [4] Amendment in the majority act
Jump up ^ 21 PNC § 105
Jump up ^ Republic Act No. 6809, 13 December 1989, Chan Robles Law library
Jump up ^ "Age of Sexual Consent - Poland". Ageofconsent.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Citizens (Natural Persons)". Russian-civil-code.com. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ carina. "Black Sash - Making Human Rights Real - You and Your Rights: Turning 18". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Age of Majority in Sri Lanka". Lawnet.lk. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Human Rights Watch, ''Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: End Juvenile Death Penalty''". Hrw.org. 8 October 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/library/Switzerland_1907_Civil_Code_eng.pdf
Jump up ^ "Tunisie, la majorité civile est désormais de 18 ans". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
Jump up ^ "3. State Party Reports: Uganda". UNICEF. Retrieved 2016-09-12.
Jump up ^ "Ukraine - Age of Consent to Sexual Activity". Ageofconsent.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Family Law Reform Act 1969". gov.uk. 25 July 1969. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Family Law Reform Act 1969". gov.uk. 25 July 1969. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Age of majority". Hmrc.gov.uk. 28 June 2011. Archived from the original on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Age of Majority Act (Northern Ireland) 1969". Legislation.gov.uk. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "HOUSE OF KEYS OFFICIAL REPORT" (PDF). 123 (14). 7 March 2006: 694. ISSN 1742-2264. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-24.
Jump up ^ Age of Majority (Jersey) Law 1999 Archived 10 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1962-07o.pdf
Jump up ^ The Age of Majority (Alderney) Law, 2001, guernseylegalresources.gg.
Jump up ^ "Age of Majority". Minors.uslegal.com. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Uzbekistan | Factsheets | Youthpolicy.org". www.youthpolicy.org. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
Jump up ^ "dgsn.dz". Archived from the original on 12 March 2012.
Jump up ^ :::: 법률지식정보시스템 ::::. Likms.assembly.go.kr. Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Section 26-1-1 — :: Chapter 1 – GENERAL PROVISIONS. :: Title 26 – INFANTS AND INCOMPETENTS. :: 2006 Alabama Code :: Alabama Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia". Law.justia.com. 22 July 1975. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nebraska Age of Majority Law – Age of Majority – Minors". Minors.uslegal.com. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
Jump up ^ https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Abe-s-snap-election/Diet-puts-anti-overwork-casino-age-of-majority-bills-on-hold
Jump up ^ "Age of Majority Act 1970". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Sexual Offences Laws – Countries. Interpol.int (2011-01-31). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/cameroon/
Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/cote-divoire/
Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/gabon/
Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/grenada/
Jump up ^ http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kuwait/
Jump up ^ Ordonnance 62-041 du 19 septembre 1962 relative aux dispositions générales de droit interne et de droit international privé Archived 27 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Proposal to lower the Age of Contractual Capacity from 21 years to 18 years, and the Civil Law (Amendment) Bill". Singapore: Ministry of Law. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Age of Majority Law". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "The age requirement for Bar/Bat mitzvah", My Jewish Learning .
Jump up ^ Codex Iuris Canonici, Canon 97, §1, [5] (1983).
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