text:
Fastest recorded tennis serves
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article lists the fastest recorded tennis serves in the men's and women's games. This list may not be historically complete.
Udayachand Shetty with Roy Emerson
Udayachand Shetty after winning the Gilbey Gin's Fast Serve Tennis Tournament
For instance, 1.Roscoe Tanner's serve was clocked at 153 mph at Palm Springs in 1978 during the final against Raúl Ramírez. 2.There are reports that Bill Tilden had a serve that was clocked at 163.3 mph but there is nothing to verify that.[1] 3. Ellsworth vines in the Wimbledon finals of 1932 clocked 121 mph (without Radar).[2]
Udayachand Shetty with Rod Laver
Udayachand Shetty's winning serve was clocked by radar at 120 mph using a wooden racquet, at the Gilbey Gins fast serve contest held in Chicago on July 24th 1976.[3] This qualified him to take part in the finals at the west side tennis club in Forest Hills Queens on 20th August, 1976. Colin Dibley of Australia won the event with a serve of 130 mph.[4]
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) does not formally recognize service speed records made in Challenger tour events due to lack of uniformity in these tournaments' radar guns (including availability or lack thereof). Nevertheless, the serve speed of 263.4 km/h (163.7 mph) recorded by Australian Sam Groth at an ATP Challenger event in Busan, South Korea in May 2012 was measured using approved equipment according to the ATP, and other data gathered appeared within a normal range. However, John Isner holds the ATP's official record for the fastest serve at 253 km/h (157.2 mph).[5]
Ivo Karlović with a 232 km/h (144 mph) second serve in the quarterfinals of the 2007 Legg Mason Tennis Classic in Washington, holds the record for the fastest second serve ever recorded.[6]
Criteria
Men's serves must be recorded at or over 230 km/h (143 mph) minimum standard speed.
Women's serves must be recorded at or over 200 km/h (124 mph) minimum standard speed.[7]
Only one serve per player is recorded here. For example, Andy Roddick has many 230 km/h (143 mph) or faster serves on his record but only his personal best of 249 km/h (155 mph) is included.[8]
In cases where more than one serve has been recorded at the same speed, the oldest recorded serve is listed first.
Contents
1 Men
2 Women
3 See also
4 References
Men[edit]
Not recognized by ATP
Not formally recognized by ATP and/or unsourced
Rank
Player
Speed
Event
Type
Round
Source
1 Samuel Groth[note 1] 263 km/h (163.4 mph) 2012 Busan Open Challenger Tennis Singles 2R [10]
2 Albano Olivetti 257.5 km/h (160 mph) 2012 Internazionali Trofeo Lame Perrel–Faip 1R [11]
3 John Isner 253 km/h (157.2 mph) 2016 Davis Cup 1R [12]
4 Ivo Karlović 251 km/h (156.0 mph) 2011 Davis Cup Doubles 1R [13]
Jerzy Janowicz[note 2] 2012 Pekao Szczecin Open Singles 1R [15]
5 Andy Roddick 249.4 km/h (155 mph) 2004 Davis Cup SF [16]
6 Milos Raonic 249.4 km/h (155 mph) 2012 SAP Open SF [17]
8 Joachim Johansson 244.6 km/h (152 mph) 2004 Davis Cup Doubles 1R [18]
Feliciano López 2014 Aegon Championships Singles 1R [19]
10 Marius Copil 244 km/h (151.6 mph) 2016 European Open QF [20]
11 Hubert Hurkacz 243 km/h (151.0 mph) 2016 Davis Cup 1R [20]
12 Taylor Dent 240 km/h (149.1 mph) 2010 French Open 1R [17]
Juan Martín del Potro 240 km/h (149.1 mph) 2017 Stockholm Open F [21]
14 Greg Rusedski 239.8 km/h (149 mph) 1998 Newsweek Champions Cup SF [22]
16 Dmitry Tursunov 237 km/h (147.3 mph) 2006 Davis Cup ?
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 2014 Rogers Cup|style="background:#ffebcd"|QF |[23]
Frances Tiafoe 2018 Estoril Open F
18 Fernando González 236 km/h (146.6 mph) 2007 Italian Open (tennis) SF [24]
21 Gaël Monfils 235 km/h (146 mph) 2007 Legg Mason Tennis Classic QF [17]
Dušan Vemić 2008 Countrywide Classic ? [17]
Marin Čilić 2016 Davis Cup Singles 1R [citation needed]
23 Ivan Ljubičić 234 km/h (145.4 mph) 2005 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid F [25]
Stan Wawrinka 2014 Davis Cup Doubles F [26]
26 Grigor Dimitrov 233.4 km/h (145 mph) 2013 Aegon Championships
Reilly Opelka 2016 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships [citation needed]
Viktor Troicki 2017 Davis Cup [citation needed]
27 Nicolás Jarry 233 km/h (144.8 mph) 2018 Davis Cup 1R [27]
29 Fernando Verdasco 232 km/h (144.2 mph) 2009 French Open [17]
Dominic Thiem 2017 Gerry Weber Open [citation needed]
31 Mardy Fish 231.7 km/h (144 mph) 2007 Pacific Life Open [17]
Marcin Matkowski 2009 ATP World Tour Finals [citation needed]
36 Martin Verkerk 230 km/h (143 mph) 2003 Breil Milano Indoor [citation needed]
Robin Söderling 2010 ATP World Tour Finals [citation needed]
Daniel Brands 2011 Intersport Heilbronn Open [citation needed]
Jiří Veselý 2014 Wimbledon [citation needed]
Nicolás Almagro 2016 Argentina Open [citation needed]
Jump up ^ In the match, Groth also hit serves recorded at 255.7 km/h (158.9 mph) and 253.5 km/h (157.5 mph)[9]
Jump up ^ His fastest verified serve clocked in at 149.3 mph (240 km/h) in the 2013 Davis Cup and he produced a 150.4 mph (242 km/h) serve during his run in the 2012 Paris Masters, but it was a let.[14]
Women[edit]
The WTA does not recognize, nor keep tabs of speed records set outside selected main draw segment of WTA Tour tournaments (where at least one of the tennis courts has a speed gun installation in place). Therefore even records that have been achieved during qualifications in those same places but not in main draw matches as well as records documented at other matches like ITF tour events, Fed Cup ties, Olympics tennis and other tournaments are not counted as part of women's speed record.
Not recognized by WTA
Rank
Player
Speed[28]
Event[note 1]
1 Georgina Garcia Pérez 220.0 km/h (136.7 mph) 2018 Hungarian Ladies Open[29]
2 Sabine Lisicki 210.8 km/h (131.0 mph) 2014 Stanford Classic[30]
3 Venus Williams 207.6 km/h (129.0 mph) 2007 US Open
4 Ivana Jorović 207.0 km/h (128.6 mph) 2017 Fed Cup
4 Serena Williams 207.0 km/h (128.6 mph) 2013 Australian Open
6 Julia Görges 203.0 km/h (126.1 mph) 2012 French Open
Caroline Garcia 2016 Fed Cup
8 Brenda Schultz-McCarthy 202.7 km/h (126.0 mph) 2007 Indian Wells Masters
9 Nadiya Kichenok 202.0 km/h (125.5 mph) 2014 Australian Open
10 Lucie Hradecká 201.2 km/h (125.0 mph) 2015 Wimbledon
Naomi Osaka 2016 US Open
12 Anna-Lena Grönefeld 201.1 km/h (125.0 mph) 2009 Indian Wells Masters
13 Ana Ivanovic 201.0 km/h (124.9 mph) 2007 French Open
Denisa Allertová 2015 Australian Open[31]
15 Kristina Mladenovic 200.0 km/h (124.3 mph) 2009 French Open
Jump up ^ "IDS[clarification needed] only collects serve speed data on show courts at certain events (11 in 2014) and started doing so in 1989 ... Players who have had multiple Top 10 fastest serves only have their top one listed, and if they hit that top speed multiple times, just the first time they did it is listed." http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/1978722/title/ids-serve-speed-leaders
See also[edit]
Tennis portal
Ace (tennis)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://bleacherreport.com/articles/612431-pete-sampras-and-the-top-25-servers-in-the-history-of-mens-tennis
Jump up ^ Smith, Red (1977-08-26). "They only serve but Hard". New York Times. p. 37. CS1 maint: Date and year (link)
Jump up ^ "Aussie has a racket- hits "em 148 miles per hour". Chicago Tribune (published 1976-08-19). 1976. p. 7.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Thomas (1976-08-21). "Dibley service fastest in town". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Aussie Groth Hits Speedy Serves". Association of Tennis Professionals Staff. 2012-12-05.
Jump up ^ http://isportsweb.com/2015/10/10/tennis-ivo-karlovic-loses-but-breaks-another-record/
Jump up ^ "IDS Serve Speed Leaders". Pro Tennis Internet Network. 2011-06-30.
Jump up ^ "Andy Roddick's Serve". Retrieved 5 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fastest serve of a tennis ball (male)". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 27 Jan 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aussie smashes tennis serve speed record". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Groth and Olivetti Top Guns of Fast Serve". Orange Deuce. August 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Davis Cup 2016: John Isner breaks serve speed record with 253km/h bomb". Fox Sports. 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
Jump up ^ "Ivo Karlovic sets world serve record". ESPN. March 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The final in figures". Fédération Française de Tennis. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "The record service speed of 251km/hour in the Challenger in Szczecin". Official Website of Jordan Tratree. August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Tennis headlines, March 6, 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "2011 ATP World Tour Media Guide". Association of Tennis Professionals. p. 205. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Botero B., Andrés (15 July 2014). "El saque más veloz del tenis estará en el ATP 250 de Bogotá". eltiempo.com (in Spanish).
Jump up ^ López, Feliciano (9 June 2014). "We will continue playing 2morrow at 12 noon.So happy to hit my fastest bullet today 152mph!!!!". @feliciano_lopez. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nu-i joacă de Copil! Arădeanul este în semifinale, la Budapesta. Am aflat de ce evoluează senzațional! | Alte sporturi, Alte sporturi, Sport, Tenis, Tenis | Libertatea.ro". Libertatea.ro (in Romanian). 2016-10-28. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
Jump up ^ SamTennisVids (2017-10-22), Grigor Dimitrov Vs Juan Martin del Potro - Stockholm 2017 Final (Highlights HD), retrieved 2017-12-19
Jump up ^ "Hingis wins title; Rusedski hits 149 mph". Houston Chronicle. March 15, 1998. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tsonga credits leg work to increased serve speed". theScore.com. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyKcXaEO9Wc&t=6m33s
Jump up ^ {{}}
Jump up ^ Dan Rascanu (2014-12-20), Davis Cup 2014 Federer / Wawrinka vs Benneteau / Gasquet, retrieved 2017-12-19
Jump up ^ https://www.latercera.com/el-deportivo/noticia/un-saque-supersonico/57485/
Jump up ^ "IDS Serve Speed Leaders". WTA. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
Jump up ^ AS, Diario (2018-02-19). "Georgina García, al cuadro final con un saque de ¡220 km/h!". AS.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Lisicki hits fastest serve ever". WTA. July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian Open 2015 tournament statistics: Cornet vs. Allertova". ausopen.com. January 22, 2015.
hide
v
t
e
Tennis records and statistics
Grand Slam
Records
Champions
Men's singles
Chronological
Women's singles
Chronological
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Boys' singles
Girls' singles
Boys' doubles
Girls' doubles
Champions by country
Singles
Singles finals
Open Era singles
Men's finals
Women's finals
Age of first title
Men's
Singles
Open Era
All-time
Misc.
ATP Tour
Rankings
Records
Elite champions
Singles
Doubles
Awards
No. 1 rankings
ATP singles
ATP doubles
All-time
Select players
Singles
Doubles
Open Era
Match wins
Masters Series
Women's
Singles
Open Era
All-time
WTA Tour
Rankings
Records
Elite champions
Awards
No. 1 rankings
WTA singles and doubles
All-time
Select players
Other
Notable rivalries
Open Era
Titles leaders
Records
Ranking per country
Tournaments
Singles
Doubles
Olympics
ITF
Rankings
Champions
Match duration
Longest
Shortest
Tiebreaker
Golden set
Serving
Speed
Aces
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fastest_recorded_tennis_serves&oldid=866522698"
Categories:
Tennis records and statistics
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2014
CS1 maint: Date and year
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Čeština
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 October 2018, at 21:15 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: b

value: p

attrs: class style

attrs: href title

value: sup

values:
/wiki/Busan,_South_Korea
mw-redirect
Busan, South Korea

values: 2007 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Singles

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: border:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#fcc; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values: border:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#d8e51b; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Samuel_Groth
mw-redirect
Samuel Groth

values: 2012 Internazionali Trofeo Lame Perrel–Faip

values:
/wiki/1998_Newsweek_Champions_Cup
mw-redirect
1998 Newsweek Champions Cup

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: 2016 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships

values:
/wiki/2014_Wimbledon
mw-redirect
2014 Wimbledon

values:
refbegin reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/2014_Stanford_Classic
mw-redirect
2014 Stanford Classic

values:
/wiki/2007_Indian_Wells_Masters
mw-redirect
2007 Indian Wells Masters

values:
/wiki/Nadiya_Kichenok
mw-redirect
Nadiya Kichenok

values:
/wiki/2015_Wimbledon
mw-redirect
2015 Wimbledon

values:
/wiki/2009_Indian_Wells_Masters
mw-redirect
2009 Indian Wells Masters

values: source doesn't explain this abbreviation, either (July 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.thescore.com/news/551728

values: Template talk:Tennis records and statistics

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;text-align: left;

values: List of Grand Slam related tennis records

values: List of Grand Slam men's singles champions

values: Chronological list of men's Grand Slam tennis champions

values: List of Grand Slam women's singles champions

values: Chronological list of women's Grand Slam tennis champions

values: List of Grand Slam men's doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam boys' singles champions

values: List of Grand Slam girls' singles champions

values: List of Grand Slam boys' doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam girls' doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam singles champions by country

values: List of Open Era Grand Slam men's singles finals

values: List of Open Era Grand Slam women's singles finals

values: List of Grand Slam singles champions in Open Era with age of first title

values: List of ATP Tour Top-level tournament singles champions

values: List of men's Grand Slam, Olympic and ATP Tour Finals and Masters Series doubles champions

values: List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players

values: List of ATP number 1 ranked doubles tennis players

values: World number 1 ranked male tennis players

values: List of Open Era men's singles tennis players by career match wins

values: Tennis Masters Series records and statistics

values: Open Era tennis records – women's singles

values: All-time tennis records – women's singles

values: List of Grand Slam and WTA Tour Tier I/Premier singles tennis champions

values: List of WTA number 1 ranked tennis players

values: World number 1 ranked female tennis players

values: Tennis players with most titles in the Open Era

values: List of highest ranked tennis players per country

values: Tennis tournament records and statistics

values: List of tennis players by number of wins in one doubles tournament

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2014

values: Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)

values: Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Fastest_recorded_tennis_serves
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Seznam nejrychlejších podání v tenise – Czech

values: Kaydedilmiş en hızlı tenis servisleri – Turkish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Fastest_recorded_tennis_serves rootpage-Fastest_recorded_tennis_serves skin-vector action-view


text:
Moscato d'Asti
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Moscato d'Asti
Italian wine
Wine type
DOCG
Decree of institution
14/11/1977
Gazzetta Ufficiale
20/01/1978 nr. 20
Yield
1,000 t/km²
Maximum grape yield
75.0%
Alcohol by volume of grape (natural)
5.5%
Alcohol by volume of wine (minimum)
11.0%
Net dry extract (minimum)
15.0‰
Origin
Asti
Ingredient grapes
Moscato Bianco: 100.0%
Moscato d'Asti is a DOCG sparkling white wine produced mainly in the province of Asti, northwest Italy, and in smaller nearby regions in the provinces of Alessandria and Cuneo. The wine is sweet and low in alcohol, and is considered a dessert wine. It is from the Moscato bianco grape. A related wine, Asti, is produced in the same area from the same grape.
Grown in the hilltop town of Asti in Montferrat, Piedmont, Italy, Moscato d’Asti is made by small producers in small batches.[1] Moscato is named such because of its earthy musk aroma. The ancient Romans called it the apiana. In the Medieval ages, its diffusion was great and the first certain documents that attest to its presence in Piedmont date as far back as the 14th century.[2]
Piedmont winemakers traditionally make this low alcohol wine with Muscat à Petits Grains, also known as Moscato bianco. This petite berry varietal ripens early and produces a wide range of wine styles: light and dry, slightly sweet and sparkling or a rich, honey-like dessert wine.[1]
Comparing the wine to Asti Spumante, wine writer Jay McInerney made this analogy: "if Asti is basically Jerry Springer, Moscato d'Asti is more like Dennis Miller."[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Winemaking
3 In popular culture
4 References
History[edit]
Cultivated for hundreds of years in the Piedmont DOCG in Italy, Moscato bianco is considered one of the oldest grapes grown in that area. Although Moscato has been cultivated and made in the area, modern production of Moscato d’Asti as it is known now began in the 1870s. Made in the frizzante style, Moscato d'Asti was the wine that winemakers made for themselves. This low-alcohol wine could be drunk at noontime meals and would not slow down the winemaker or his workers. After the workday was done, the Piemontese tradition of long, multicourse evening meals gave Moscato d'Asti the purpose of a digestif that cleansed the palate and stimulated the palate for dessert.[1]
Winemaking[edit]
A pink Moscato d'Asti made in the rosé style.
The cooler region in which Moscato bianco is grown and produced has an optimal blend of limestone and sandstone soil that allows for adequate hydration and brings out the flavor of the grapes. The grapes are harvested when the brix is optimal and then crushed. The must is chilled almost to the point of freezing to halt the fermentation process. By law, Moscato D’Asti can only contain 5.5% abv so the fermentation process is halted leaving much of the natural sugars remaining in the wine. Unlike Champagne, there is no secondary fermentation allowed in the bottle. Right before bottling, the Moscato d’Asti goes through a filtration process that leaves the wine with a translucent golden color.[4]
In popular culture[edit]
Since 2011, Moscato d’Asti sales have risen 73% and still rises around 10-15% per year in the US by consumers under the age of 45.[5] Such rise has been attributed to the affordability of the wine (most range from $10–20) and the adoption of Moscato d’Asti as the drink of choice by hip-hop culture.[6] Trey Songz and with Drake referenced Moscato in a verse of the 2009 song "I Invented Sex", which contributed to the popularity of the wine.[7]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c MacNeil, Karen. The Wine Bible. New York: Workman Publishing. p. 335. ISBN 978-1-56305-434-1.
Jump up ^ Wine Pass Italy
Jump up ^ Jay McInerney, Bacchus & Me: Adventures in the Wine Cellar, Vintage Books, 2000, p. 160-161
Jump up ^ Marcis, Richard. "Italy's Fizzy and Fun Gift to the World". Wine Words Wisdom. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Haynes-Peterson, Robert. "Moscato Mosaic: Moscato Sales Have Skyrocketed, Thanks to a Whole New Group of Wine Fans". Beverage Media Group. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
Jump up ^ O'Donnell, Ben. "Moscato Mania". Wine Spectator. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Hams, Michael Ice-Blue. "Drake & Roscoe Dash Help Moscato Take the Hip Hop World by Storm". HipHopWired. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moscato_d%27Asti&oldid=823156575"
Categories:
Italian DOCG
Wines of Piedmont
Province of Alessandria
Province of Asti
Province of Cuneo
Monferrato
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
日本語
Piemontèis
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 January 2018, at 16:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #673A37; color: #F3D8DC;

value: tr

value: td

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: scope style

values: background-color: #FBECCD; color: #104000;

attrs: href class title

values: /wiki/DOCG mw-redirect DOCG

values:
/wiki/Moscato_Bianco
mw-redirect
Moscato Bianco

values: Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita

values:
/wiki/Ancient_Romans
mw-redirect
Ancient Romans

values:
/wiki/Medieval_ages
mw-redirect
Medieval ages

values:
/wiki/Muscat_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains
mw-redirect
Muscat à Petits Grains

values:
/wiki/Asti_Spumante
mw-redirect
Asti Spumante

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Hip-hop_culture
mw-redirect
Hip-hop culture

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Moscato_d%27Asti
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: نبيذ موسكاتو كوت أستي – Arabic

values: 모스카토 다스티 – Korean

values: モスカート・ダスティ – Japanese

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Moscato_d_Asti rootpage-Moscato_d_Asti skin-vector action-view


text:
Noli Me Tángere (novel)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Noli Me Tángere
The original front cover of the book.
Author
José Rizal
Country
Philippines (first printing in Berlin)
Language
Spanish
Genre
Novel, Fiction, Satire, Philippine History
Publication date
1887
Media type
Print (hardcover)
Followed by
El filibusterismo
Part of a series on the
History of the Philippines
Prehistory (pre–900)[show]
Paleolithic age
Awidon Mesa Formation
Callao Limestone Formation
Neolithic age
Callao and Tabon peoples
Arrival of the Negritos
Austronesian expansion
Angono Petroglyphs
Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
Jade culture
Iron age
Sa Huyun Culture
Society of the Igorot
Ancient barangays
Events/Artifacts
Balangay
grave goods
Manunggul Jar
Prehistoric gems
Sa Huyun-Kalanay Complex
Maitum Anthropomorphic Pottery
Archaic epoch (900–1565)[show]
Historically documented city-states/polities
(by geography from North to South)
Samtoy chieftaincy
Caboloan
Tondo
Namayan
Rajahnate of Maynila
Ma-i
Madja-as
Chiefdom of Taytay
Rajahnate of Cebu
Kedatuan of Dapitan
Rajahnate of Butuan
Sultanate of Maguindanao
Lanao confederacy
Sultanate of Sulu
Legendary
Suwarnapumi
Chryse
Ophir
Tawalisi
Wāḳwāḳ
Sanfotsi
Zabag kingdom
Ten Bornean Datus
Events/Artifacts
Maragtas
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
Butuan Ivory Seal
Limestone tombs
Batanes citadels
Golden Tara
Gold Kinnara
Ticao Stone Inscription
Butuan Silver Paleograph
Buddhist art
Majapahit conflict
Brunei War
Colonial period (1521–1946)[show]
Spanish era
First Mass in the Philippines
Catholic Church in the Philippines
Santo Niño de Cebú
Battle of Mactan
Sandugo
Spanish capture of Manila
New Spain
Captaincy General
Spanish East Indies
Manila galleon
Revolts and uprisings
Chinese invasion
Castilian War
Sulu Sea pirates
Doctrina Christiana
Dutch invasions
Brunei Civil War
Bohol secession
British Invasion
Silang Revolt
Confradia de San Jose
Florante at Laura
Dutch invasions
Brunei Civil War
Bohol secession
British Invasion
Florante at Laura
Propaganda Movement
Gomburza
Noli me tangere
La Solidaridad
El filibusterismo
La Liga Filipina
Katipunan
Cry of Pugad Lawin
Philippine Revolution
Execution of Rizal
Tejeros Convention
Execution of Bonifacio
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
Spanish–American War
Battle of Manila Bay
American capture of Manila
Declaration of Independence
Siege of Baler
Malolos Congress
First Republic
Philippine–American War
Assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna
Death of Gen. Gregorio del Pilar
Capture of Pres. Aguinaldo
American colonial period
Tagalog Republic
Negros Republic
Zamboanga Republic
Moro Rebellion
Iglesia Filipina Independiente
Execution of Sakay
Philippine Constabulary
Insular Government
Philippine Assembly
Flag Act of 1907
Rizal Monument
Iglesia ni Cristo
Bayan Ko
Jones Law
Tydings–McDuffie Act
Commonwealth
Japanese occupation
Establishment of Hukbalahap
Fall of Bataan and Corregidor
Bataan Death March
Second Republic
Return of Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Destruction of Manila
Post-colonial period (1946–1986)[show]
Treaty of Manila
Third Republic
Cold War
Hukbalahap Rebellion
SEATO
Bandung Conference
Magsaysay plane crash
Filipino First policy
Agricultural Land Reform Code
North Borneo dispute
Jabidah massacre
Marcos dictatorship
ASEAN Declaration
CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion
Moro Conflict
Spratly islands dispute
Vietnamese boat people
Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.
Escalante massacre
1986 Snap Presidential Elections
Contemporary history (1986–present)[show]
People Power Revolution
1986–90 coup attempts
MV Doña Paz Tragedy
Pinatubo eruption
Sarmenta-Gomez Rape-slay case
Execution of Flor Contemplacion
Ozone Disco Tragedy
Sarah Balabagan case
1997 Asian financial crisis
2000 All-out war against MILF
Second EDSA Revolution
EDSA III
War on Terror
Oakwood mutiny
Hello Garci scandal
2006 state of national emergency
Manila Peninsula siege
NBN–ZTE deal
MV Princess of the Stars Tragedy
South China Sea disputes
Death of Corazon Aquino
Tropical Storm Ondoy
Maguindanao massacre
Manila hostage crisis
Corona Impeachment case
K+12 Program
Pork barrel scam
Super Typhoon Yolanda
Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement
Mamasapano massacre
Mary Jane Veloso case
Valenzuela factory fire
Philippine Drug War
Battle of Marawi
Shooting of Kian delos Santos
Davao City mall fire
Death of Joanna Demafelis
By topic[show]
Arts
Languages
Cuisine
Demographic
Ancient religions
Rulers
List of Queen consorts
Military History
Honorifics
Military
Science and technology
Political
Communications
Transportation
Timeline
Archaeology
Philippines portal
v
t
e
Noli Me Tángere (Latin for Don’t Touch Me ) is a novel written by José Rizal, one of the national heroes of the Philippines, during the colonization of the country by Spain to describe perceived inequities of the Spanish Catholic priests and the ruling government.
Originally written in Spanish, the book is more commonly published and read in the Philippines in either Tagalog or English. Together with its sequel, El Filibusterismo, the reading of Noli is obligatory for high school students throughout the country.
Contents
[hide]
1 Title
2 Background
3 Plot
4 Publication history
4.1 Recent English editions
5 Reaction and legacy
5.1 Influence on Filipino nationalism
6 Major characters
6.1 Crisóstomo Ibarra
6.2 María Clara
6.3 Kapitán Tiago
6.4 Padre Dámaso
6.5 Elías
6.6 Pilosopo Tacio
6.7 Doña Victorina
6.8 Sisa, Crispín, and Basilio
7 Other characters
8 Translations
8.1 English
8.2 Tagalog
8.3 Other languages
9 Adaptations
10 In popular culture
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Title[edit]
Rizal entitled this novel as such drawing inspiration from "Touch Me Not" — the technical name of a particularly painful type of cancer (back in his time, it is unknown what is the modern name of said disease). He proposed to probe all the cancers of Filipino society that everyone else felt too painful to touch. [1]

Early English translations of the novel used titles like An Eagle Flight (1900) and The Social Cancer (1912), disregarding the symbolism of the title, but the more recent translations were published using the original Latin title. It has also been noted[citation needed] by the Austro-Hungarian writer Ferdinand Blumentritt that "Noli Me Tángere" was a name used by ophthalmologists for cancer of the eyelids; that as an ophthalmologist himself Rizal was influenced by this fact is suggested in the novel's dedication, "To My household".
Background[edit]
José Rizal, a Filipino nationalist and medical doctor, conceived the idea of writing a novel that would expose the ills of Philippine society after reading Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. He preferred that the prospective novel express the way Filipino culture was perceived to be backward, anti-progress, anti-intellectual, and not conducive to the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment. He was then a student of medicine in the Universidad Central de Madrid.
In a reunion of Filipinos at the house of his friend Pedro A. Paterno in Madrid on 2 January 1884, Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines written by a group of Filipinos. His proposal was unanimously approved by the Filipinos present at the time, among whom were Pedro, Maximino Viola and Antonio Paterno, Graciano López Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente and Valentin Ventura. However, this project did not materialize. The people who agreed to help Rizal with the novel did not write anything. Initially, the novel was planned to cover and describe all phases of Filipino life, but almost everybody wanted to write about women. Rizal even saw his companions spend more time gambling and flirting with Spanish women. Because of this, he pulled out of the plan of co-writing with others and decided to draft the novel alone.
Plot[edit]
Crisóstomo Ibarra, the mestizo son of recently deceased Don Rafael Ibarra, is returning to San Diego in Laguna after seven years of study in Europe. Capitan Tiago, a family friend, bids him to spend his first night in Manila where Tiago hosts a reunion party at his riverside home on Anloague Street. Crisóstomo obliges. At dinner he encounters old friends, Manila high society, the new curate of San Diego, and Padre Dámaso, San Diego’s old curate at the time Ibarra left for Europe. Dámaso treats Crisóstomo with hostility, surprising the young man who took the friar to be a friend of his father.
Crisóstomo excuses himself early and is making his way back to his hotel when Lieutenant Guevarra, another friend of his father, catches up with him. As the two of them walk to Crisóstomo’s stop, and away from the socialites at the party who may possibly compromise them if they heard, Guevarra reveals to the young man the events leading up to Rafael’s death and Dámaso’s role in it. Crisóstomo, who has been grieving from the time he learned of his father’s death, decides to forgive and not seek revenge. Guevarra nevertheless warns the young man to be careful.
The following day Crisóstomo returns to Capitan Tiago’s home in order to meet with his childhood sweetheart, Tiago’s daughter María Clara. The two flirt and reminisce in the azotea, a porch overlooking the river. María reads back to Crisóstomo his farewell letter wherein he explained to her Rafael’s wish for Crisóstomo to set out, to study in order to become a more useful citizen of the country. Seeing Crisóstomo agitated at the mention of his father, however, María playfully excuses herself, promising to see him again at her family’s San Diego home during the town fiesta.
As the days progress Crisóstomo carries out his plan to serve his country as his father wanted. He intends to use his family wealth to build a school, believing his paisanos would benefit from a more modern education than what is offered in the schools run by the government, whose curriculum was heavily tempered by the teachings of the friars. Enjoying massive support, and even by the Spanish authorities, Crisóstomo’s preparations for his school advance quickly in only a few days. He receives counsel from Don Anastacio, a revered local philosopher, who refers him to a progressive schoolmaster who lamented the friars’ influence on public education and wished to introduce reforms. The building was planned to begin construction with the cornerstone to be laid in a ceremony during San Diego’s town fiesta.
One day, taking a break, Crisóstomo, María, and their friends get on a boat and go on a picnic along the shores of the Laguna de Bay, away from the town center. It is then discovered that a crocodile had been lurking on the fish pens owned by the Ibarras. Elias, the boat’s pilot, jumps into the water with a bolo knife drawn. Sensing Elias is in danger, Ibarra jumps in as well, and they subdue the animal together. Crisóstomo mildly scolds the pilot for his rashness, while Elias proclaims himself in Crisóstomo’s debt.
On the day of the fiesta, Elias warns Crisóstomo of a plot to kill him at the cornerstone-laying. The ceremony involved the massive stone being lowered into a trench by a wooden derrick. Crisóstomo being the principal sponsor of the project is to lay the mortar using a trowel at the bottom of the trench. As he prepares to do so, however, the derrick fails and the stone falls into the trench, bringing the derrick down with it in a mighty crash. When the dust clears, a pale, dust-covered Crisóstomo stands stiffly by the trench, having narrowly missed the stone. In his place beneath the stone is the would-be assassin. Elias has disappeared.
The festivities continue at Crisóstomo’s insistence. Later that day, he hosts a luncheon to which Padre Dámaso invites himself. Over the meal the old friar berates Crisóstomo, his learning, his journeys, and the schoolbuilding project. The other guests hiss for discretion, but Dámaso ignores them and continues in an even louder voice, insulting the memory of Rafael in front of Crisóstomo. At the mention of his father, Crisóstomo strikes the friar unconscious and holds a dinner knife to his neck. In an impassioned speech Crisóstomo narrates to the astonished guests everything he heard from Lieutenant Guevarra, who was an officer of the local police, about Dámaso’s schemes that resulted in the death of Rafael. As Crisóstomo is about to stab Dámaso, however, María Clara stays his arm and pleads for mercy.
Crisóstomo is excommunicated from the church, but has his excommunication lifted through the intercession of the sympathetic governor general. However, upon his return to San Diego, María has turned sickly and refuses to see him. The new curate who Crisóstomo met at Tiago’s dinner, Padre Bernardo Salvi, is seen hovering around the house. Crisóstomo then meets the inoffensive Linares, a fellow Spaniard who, unlike Crisóstomo, had been born in Spain. Tiago presents Linares as María’s new suitor.
Sensing Crisóstomo’s influence with the government, Elias takes Crisóstomo into confidence and one moonlit night, they secretly sail out into the lake. Elias tells him about a revolutionary group, poised for open, violent clash with the government. This group has reached out to Elias in a bid for him to join them in their imminent uprising. Elias tells Crisóstomo that he managed to delay the group’s plans by offering to speak to Crisóstomo first, that Crisóstomo may use his influence to effect the reforms Elias and his group wish to see.
In their conversation Elias narrates his family’s history, how his grandfather in his youth worked as a bookkeeper in a Manila office but was accused of arson by the Spaniard owner when the office burned down. He was prosecuted and upon release was shunned by the community as a dangerous lawbreaker. His wife turned to prostitution to support the family but eventually they were driven into the hinterlands.
Crisóstomo sympathizes with Elias but insists that he could do nothing, and that the only change he was capable of was through his schoolbuilding project. Rebuffed, Elias advises Crisóstomo to avoid any association with him in the future for his own safety.
Heartbroken and desperately needing to speak to María, Crisóstomo turns his focus more towards his school. One evening, though, Elias returns with more information – a rogue uprising was planned for that same night, and the instigators had used Crisóstomo’s name in vain to recruit malcontents. The authorities know of the uprising and are prepared to spring a trap on the rebels.
In panic and ready to abandon his project, Crisóstomo enlists Elias in sorting out and destroying documents in his study that may implicate him. Elias obliges, but comes across a name familiar to him: Don Pedro Eibarramendia. Crisóstomo tells him that Pedro was his great-grandfather, and that they had to shorten his long family name. Elias tells him Eibarramendia was the same Spaniard who accused his grandfather of arson, and was thus the author of the misfortunes of Elias and his family. Frenzied, he raises his bolo to smite Crisóstomo, but regains his senses and leaves the house very upset.
The uprising follows through, and many of the rebels are either captured or killed. They point to Crisóstomo as instructed and Crisóstomo is arrested. The following morning the instigators are found dead – Elias killed them. Elias furthermore sneaks back into the Ibarra mansion during the night and sorts through documents and valuables, then burns down the house.
Some time later Capitan Tiago hosts a dinner at his riverside house in Manila to celebrate María Clara’s engagement with Linares. Present at the party were Padre Dámaso, Padre Salvi, Lieutenant Guevarra, and other family friends. They were discussing the events that happened in San Diego and Crisóstomo’s fate.
Salvi, who lusted after María Clara all along, says that he has requested to be transferred to the Convent of the Poor Clares in Manila under the pretense of recent events in San Diego being too great for him to bear. A despondent Guevarra outlines how the court came to condemn Crisóstomo. In a signed letter he wrote to a certain woman before leaving for Europe, Crisóstomo spoke about his father, an alleged rebel who died in prison. Somehow this letter fell into the hands of an enemy, and Crisóstomo's handwriting was imitated to create the bogus orders used to recruit the malcontents to the San Diego uprising. Guevarra remarks that the penmanship on the orders was similar to Crisóstomo's penmanship seven years before, but not at the present day. And Crisóstomo had only to deny that the signature on the original letter was his, and the charge of sedition founded on those bogus letters would fail. But upon seeing the letter, which was the farewell letter he wrote to María Clara, Crisóstomo apparently lost the will to fight the charges and owned the letter as his.
Guevarra then approaches María, who had been listening to his explanation. Privately but sorrowfully, he congratulates her for her common sense in yielding Crisóstomo’s farewell letter. Now, the old officer tells her, she can live a life of peace. María is devastated.
Later that evening Crisóstomo, having escaped from prison with the help of Elias, climbs up the azotea and confronts María in secret. María, distraught, does not deny giving up his farewell letter, but explains she did so only because Salvi found Dámaso's old letters in the San Diego parsonage, letters from María's mother who was then pregnant with María. It turns out that Dámaso was María's father. Salvi promised not to divulge Dámaso's letters to the public in exchange for Crisóstomo’s farewell letter. Crisóstomo forgives her, María swears her undying love, and they part with a kiss.
Crisóstomo and Elias escape on Elias's boat. They slip unnoticed through the Estero de Binondo and into the Pasig River. Elias tells Crisóstomo that his treasures and documents are buried in the middle of the forest owned by the Ibarras in San Diego. Wishing to make restitution, Crisóstomo offers Elias the chance to escape with him to a foreign country, where they will live as brothers. Elias declines, stating that his fate is with the country he wishes to see reformed and liberated.
Crisóstomo then tells him of his own desire for revenge and revolution, to lengths that even Elias was unwilling to go. Elias tries to reason with him, but sentries catch up with them at the mouth of the Pasig River and pursue them across Laguna de Bay. Elias orders Crisóstomo to lie down and to meet with him in a few days at the mausoleum of Crisóstomo's grandfather in San Diego, as he jumps into the water in an effort to distract the pursuers. Elias is shot several times.
The following day news of the chase were in the newspapers. It is reported that Crisóstomo Ibarra, the fugitive, had been killed by sentries in pursuit. At the news María remorsefully demands of Dámaso that her wedding with Linares be called off and that she be entered into the cloister, or the grave.
Seeing her resolution, Dámaso admits the true reason he ruined the Ibarra family and her relationship with Crisóstomo - because he was a mere mestizo and Dámaso wanted María to be as happy as she could be, and that was possible only if she were to marry a full-blooded peninsular Spaniard. María would not hear of it and repeated her ultimatum, the cloister or the grave. Knowing fully why Salvi had earlier requested to be assigned as chaplain in the Convent of the Poor Clares, Dámaso pleads with María to reconsider, but to no avail. Weeping, Dámaso consents, knowing the horrible fate that awaits his daughter within the convent but finding it more tolerable than her suicide.
A few nights later in the forest of the Ibarras, a boy pursues his mother through the darkness. The woman went insane with the constant beating of her husband and the loss of her other son, an altar boy, in the hands of Padre Salvi. Basilio, the boy, catches up with Sisa, his mother, inside the Ibarra mausoleum in the middle of the forest, but the strain had already been too great for Sisa. She dies in Basilio's embrace.
Basilio weeps for his mother, but then looks up to see Elias staring at them. Elias was dying himself, having lost a lot of blood and having had no food or nourishment for several days as he made his way to the mausoleum. He instructs Basilio to burn their bodies and if no one comes, to dig inside the mausoleum. He will find treasure, which he is to use for his own education.
As Basilio leaves to fetch the wood, Elias sinks to the ground and says that he will die without seeing the dawn of freedom for his people, and that those who see it must welcome it and not forget them that died in the darkness.
Publication history[edit]
Rizal finished the novel in December 1886. At first, according to one of Rizal's biographers, Rizal feared the novel might not be printed, and that it would remain unread. He was struggling with financial constraints at the time and thought it would be hard to pursue printing the novel.
Financial aid came from a friend named Máximo Viola; this helped him print the book at Berliner Buchdruckerei-Aktiengesellschaft in Berlin. Rizal was initially hesitant, but Viola insisted and ended up lending Rizal ₱300 for 2,000 copies. The printing was finished earlier than the estimated five months. Viola arrived in Berlin in December 1886, and by March 21, 1887, Rizal had sent a copy of the novel to his friend, Blumentritt.[2]
The book was banned by Spanish authorities in the Philippines, although copies were smuggled into the country. The first Philippine edition (and the second published edition) was finally printed in 1899 in Manila by Chofre y Compania in Escolta.
Cover page of the first Philippine edition published in 1899.
Recent English editions[edit]
On August 21, 2007, a 480-page English-language version of Noli me tangere was released to major Australian book stores. An Australian edition of the novel was published by Penguin Classics (an imprint by Penguin Books) to represent the company's "commitment to publish the major literary classics of the world."[3] American writer Harold Augenbraum, who first read Noli in 1992, translated the novel. A writer well-acquainted with translating other Hispanophone literary works, Augenbraum proposed to translate the novel after being asked for his next assignment in the publishing company. Intrigued by the novel and knowing more about it, Penguin nixed their plan of adapting existing English versions and instead translated it on their own.[3]
Reaction and legacy[edit]
This novel and its sequel, El filibusterismo (nicknamed El fili), were banned by Spanish authorities in the Philippines because of their allegations of corruption and abuse by the colonial government and the Catholic Church. Copies of the book were nevertheless smuggled in and hidden, and when Rizal returned to the Philippines after completing medical studies, he quickly ran afoul of the local government. A few days after his arrival, Rizal was summoned to Malacañan Palace by Governor-General Emilio Terrero, who told him of the charge that Noli me tangere contained subversive elements. After a discussion, Terrero was appeased but still unable to offer resistance to pressure from the Church against the book. The persecution can be discerned from Rizal's letter to Leitmeritz:
“ My book made a lot of noise; everywhere, I am asked about it. They wanted to anathematize me ['to excommunicate me'] because of it... I am considered a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, they say I am a Protestant, a freemason, a sorcerer, a damned soul and evil. It is whispered that I want to draw plans, that I have a foreign passport and that I wander through the streets by night... ”
Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao, then later arrested for "inciting rebellion" based largely on his writings. Rizal was executed by firing squad at the Luneta outside Manila's walls on December 30, 1896 at the age of thirty-five, at the park that now bears his name.
Influence on Filipino nationalism[edit]
Rizal depicted nationality by emphasizing the positive qualities of Filipinos: the devotion of a Filipina and her influence on a man's life, the deep sense of gratitude, and the solid common sense of the Filipinos under the Spanish regime.
The work was instrumental in creating a unified Filipino national identity and consciousness, as many natives previously identified with their respective regions. It lampooned, caricatured and exposed various elements in colonial society. Two characters in particular have become classics in Filipino culture: María Clara, who has become a personification of the ideal Filipino woman, loving and unwavering in her loyalty to her spouse; and the priest Father Dámaso, who reflects the covert fathering of illegitimate children by members of the Spanish clergy.[citation needed]
The book indirectly influenced the Philippine Revolution of independence from the Spanish Empire, even though Rizal actually advocated direct representation to the Spanish government and an overall larger role for the Philippines within Spain's political affairs. In 1956, Congress passed Republic Act 1425, more popularly known as the Rizal Law, which requires all levels in Philippine schools to teach the novel as part of their curriculum. Noli me tangere is being taught to third year secondary school students, while its sequel El filibusterismo is being taught for fourth year secondary school students. The novels are incorporated to their study and survey of Philippine literature.[4] Both of Rizal's novels were initially banned from Catholic educational institutions given its negative portrayal of the Church, but this taboo has been largely superseded as religious schools conformed to the Rizal Law.[citation needed]
Major characters[edit]
Crisóstomo Ibarra[edit]
Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin, commonly referred to the novel as Ibarra or Crisóstomo, is the novel's protagonist. The mestizo (mixed-race) son of Filipino businessman Don Rafael Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years.[5] Ibarra is also María Clara's fiancé.
María Clara[edit]
A crayon sketch of Leonor Rivera–Kipping by Rizal. Rivera, who was Rizal's longtime love interest, is the commonly accepted basis for the María Clara character.
Main article: María Clara
María Clara de los Santos y Alba, commonly referred to as María Clara, is Ibarra's fiancée and the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in San Diego.[6] She was raised by Capitán Tiago de los Santos, and his cousin, Isabel. In the later parts of the novel, she was revealed to be an illegitimate daughter of Father Dámaso, the comer curate of the town, and Doña Pía Alba, Capitán Tiago's wife, who had died giving birth to María Clara.[7]
At the novel's end, a heartbroken yet resolved María Clara entered the Beaterio de Santa Clara (a nunnery) after learning the truth of her parentage and mistakenly believing her lover Crisóstomo to have been killed. In the epilogue, Rizal stated that it is unknown if María Clara is still living within the walls of the convent or she is already dead.[8]
Kapitán Tiago[edit]
Don Santiago de los Santos, known by his nickname Tiago and political title Kapitán Tiago is it is said that Kapitán Tiago is the richest man in the region of Binondo and he possessed real properties in Pampanga and Laguna de Bay. He is also said to be a good Catholic, a friend of the Spanish government and thus was considered a Spaniard by the colonial elite. Capitán Tiago never attended school, so he became the domestic helper of a Dominican friar who gave him an informal education. He later married Pía Alba from Santa Cruz.[6]
Padre Dámaso[edit]
Main article: Father Dámaso
Dámaso Verdolagas, or Padre Dámaso is a Franciscan friar and the former parish curate of San Diego. He is notorious for speaking with harsh words, highhandedness, and his cruelty during his ministry in the town.[9] An enemy of Crisóstomo's father, Don Rafael Ibarra, Dámaso is revealed to be María Clara's biological father.[7] Later, he and María Clara had bitter arguments whether she would marry Alfonso Linares de Espadaña (which he preferred) or to enter the nunnery (her desperate alternative).[10] At the end of the novel, he is again reassigned to a distant town and later found dead in his bed.[8]
Elías[edit]
Elías is Ibarra's mysterious friend and ally. Elías made his first appearance as a pilot during a picnic of Ibarra and María Clara and her friends.[11]
The 50th chapter of the novel explores the past of Elías and history of his family. About sixty years before the events of Noli me Tangere, Elias's grandfather Ingkong in his youth worked as a bookkeeper in a Manila office. One night the office burned down, and Don Pedro Eibarramendia, the Spaniard owner, accused him of arson. Ingkong was prosecuted and upon release was shunned by the community as a dangerous lawbreaker. His wife Impong turned to prostitution to support themselves but eventually they were driven into the hinterlands. There Impong bore her first son, Balat.
Driven to depression, Ingkong hangs himself deep in the forest. Impong was sickly for lack of nourishment in the forest and was not strong enough to cut down his corpse and bury him, and Balat was then still very young. The stench led to their discovery, and Impong was accused of killing her husband. She and her son fled to another province where she bore another son. Balat grew up to be a bandit.
Eventually Balat's legend grew, but so did the efforts to capture him, and when he finally fell he was cut limb by limb and his head was deposited in front of Impong's house. Seeing the head of her son, Impong died of shock. Impong's younger son, knowing their deaths would somehow be imputed upon him, fled to the province of Tayabas where he met and fell in love with a rich young heiress.
They have an affair and the lady got pregnant. But before they could marry, his records were dug up. Then the father, who disapproved of him from the start, had him imprisoned. The lady gave birth to Elias and his twin sister but died while they were children. Elias and his sister were well cared for, with Elias even going to Ateneo and his sister going to La Concordia, but as they wanted to become farmers they eventually returned to Tayabas.
He and his sister grew up not knowing about their father, being told that their father had long died. Elias grew up to be a young abusive brat who took particular joy in berating an elderly servant who, nevertheless, always submitted to his whims. His sister was more refined and eventually was betrothed to a fine young man. But before they could marry, Elias ran afoul with a distant relative. The relative struck back by telling him about his true parentage. The verbal scuffle mounted to the point where records were dug up, and Elias and his sister, as well as a good part of town, learned the truth. The elderly servant who Elias frequently abused was their father.
The scandal caused the engagement of Elias' sister to break off. Depressed, the girl disappeared one day and was eventually found dead along the shore of the lake. Elias himself lost face before his relatives and became a wanderer from province to province. Like his uncle Balat he became a fugitive and his legend grew, but by degrees he became the gentler, more reserved, and more noble character first introduced in the novel.
Pilosopo Tacio[edit]
Filosofo Tacio, known by his Tagalized name Pilosopo Tasyo. Tasyo was enrolled in a philosophy course and was a talented student, but his mother was a rich but superstitious matron. Like many Filipino catholics under the sway of the friars, she believed that too much learning condemned souls to hell. She then made Tasyo choose between leaving college or becoming a priest. Since he was in love, he left college and married.
Tasyo lost his wife and mother within a year. Seeking consolation and in order to free himself from the cockpit and the dangers of idleness, he took up his studies once more. But he became so addicted to his studies and the purchase of books that he entirely neglected his fortune and gradually ruined himself. Persons of culture called him Don Anastacio, or Pilosopo Tasyo, while the great crowd of the ignorant knew him as Tasyo el Loco on account of his peculiar ideas and his eccentric manner of dealing with others.
Seeking for reforms from the government, he expresses his ideals in paper written in a cryptographic alphabet similar from hieroglyphs and Coptic figures[12] hoping "that the future generations may be able to decipher it."[13]
Doña Victorina[edit]
Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña, commonly known as Doña Victorina, is an ambitious Filipina who classifies herself as a Spanish and mimics Spanish ladies by putting on heavy make-up.[9] The novel narrates Doña Victorina's younger days: she had lots of admirers, but she spurned them all because none of them were Spaniards. Later on, she met and married Don Tiburcio de Espadaña, an official of the customs bureau ten years her junior.[14] However, their marriage is childless.
Her husband assumes the title of medical "doctor" even though he never attended medical school; using fake documents and certificates, Tiburcio illegally practices medicine. Tiburcio's usage of the title Dr. consequently makes Victorina assume the title Dra. (doctora, female doctor).[14] Apparently, she uses the whole name Doña Victorina de los Reyes de de Espadaña, with double de to emphasize her marriage surname.[14] She seems to feel that this awkward titling makes her more "sophisticated."
Sisa, Crispín, and Basilio[edit]
Sisa, Crispín, and Basilio represent a Filipino family persecuted by the Spanish authorities:
Narcisa or Sisa is the deranged mother of Basilio and Crispín. Described as beautiful and young, although she loves her children very much, she can not protect them from the beatings of her husband, Pedro.
Crispín is Sisa's 7-year-old son. An altar boy, he was unjustly accused of stealing money from the church. After failing to force Crispín to return the money he allegedly stole, Father Salví and the head sacristan killed him. It is not directly stated that he was killed, but a dream of Basilio's suggests that Crispín died during his encounter with Padre Salví and his minion.
Basilio is Sisa's 10-year-old son. An acolyte tasked with ring the church's bells for the Angelus, he faced the dread of losing his younger brother and the descent of his mother into insanity. At the end of the novel, a dying Elías requested Basilio to cremate him and Sisa in the woods in exchange for a chest of gold located nearby. He will later play a major role in El Filibusterismo.
Due to their tragic but endearing story, these characters are often parodied in modern Filipino popular culture.
Salomé is Elías' sweetheart. She lived in a little house by the lake, and though Elías would like to marry her, he tells her that it would do her or their children no good to be related to a fugitive like himself. In the original publication of Noli, the chapter that explores the identity of Elías and Salomé was omitted, classifying her as a total non-existing character. This chapter, entitled Elías y Salomé was probably the 25th chapter of the novel. However, recent editions and translations of Noli provides the inclusion of this chapter, either on the appendix or renamed as Chapter X (Ex).
Other characters[edit]
There are a number of secondary and minor characters in Noli Me Tángere. Items indicated inside the parenthesis are the standard Filipinization of the Spanish names in the novel.
Padre Hernándo de la Sibyla – a Dominican friar. He is described as short and has fair skin. He is instructed by an old priest in his order to watch Crisóstomo Ibarra.
Padre Bernardo Salví – the successor of Padre Dámaso as the Franciscan curate of San Diego, and who secretly lusts after María Clara. He is described to be very thin and sickly. It is also hinted that his surname, "Salvi" is the shorter form of "Salvi" ("salvation"), or "Salvi" is short for "salvaje" ("savage", "wild") hinting at the fact that he is willing to kill an innocent child, Crispín, who he accused of stealing money worth 2 onzas.
El Alférez (Alperes) – the unnamed chief of the local Guardia Civil and husband of Doña Consolación. He is the sworn enemy of the priests in the town's power struggle.
Doña Consolación – wife of the Alférez, nicknamed as la musa de los guardias civiles ("The muse of the Civil Guard") or la Alféreza. She was a former laundrywoman who passes herself as a peninsular, and is best remembered for her abusive treatment of Sisa.
Don Tiburcio de Espadaña – A Spanish quack doctor who is weak and submissive to his pretentious wife, Doña Victorina.
Tenyente Guevarra - a close friend of Don Rafael Ibarra. He reveals to Crisóstomo how Don Rafael Ibarra's death came about.
Alfonso Linares – A distant nephew of Tiburcio de Espadaña, the would-be fiancé of María Clara. Although he presented himself as a practitioner of law, it was later revealed that he is, like Don Tiburcio, a fraud. He later died from medications Don Tiburcio had given him.
Tíya Isabel – Capitán Tiago's cousin, who helped raise María Clara and served as a surrogate mother figure.
Governor-General (Gobernador-Heneral) – Unnamed in the novel, he is the most powerful colonial official in the Philippines. He harbours great disdain for the friars and corrupt officials, and sympathises with Ibarra.
Don Filipo Lino – vice mayor of the town of San Diego, leader of the liberals.
Padre Manuel Martín – he is the linguist curate of a nearby town who delivers the sermon during San Diego's fiesta.
Don Rafael Ibarra – the deceased father of Crisóstomo Ibarra. Though he was the richest man in San Diego, he was also the most virtuous and generous.
Doña Pía Alba – wife of Capitán Tiago and mother of María Clara, she had died giving birth to her daughter. In reality, she was raped by Padre Dámaso.
Don Pedro Eibarramendia - Crisóstomo Ibarra's Basque great-grandfather who falsely accused Elias's grandfather and ruined his family. The surname was later shortened to Ibarra, hence Elias does not realize the relationship at first.
Albino - a seminarian who follows Crisóstomo Ibarra in a picnic with María Clara's friends.
Translations[edit]
Many English and Tagalog translations have been made of Noli Me Tángere, as well as a few other languages. The copyrights of the original text have expired, and the copyrights of some translators have also expired, so certain translations are in the public domain and have been put online by Project Gutenberg.
English[edit]
Friars and Filipinos (1900) by Frank Ernest Gannett. Available freely via Project Gutenberg.[15]
The Social Cancer (1912) by Charles Derbyshire. Available freely via Project Gutenberg.[16]
"Noli Me Tángere": A Complete English Translation of Noli Me Tángere from the Spanish of Dr. José Rizal (1956) by Senator Camilo Osías.[17]
The Lost Eden (1961) by Leon Ma. Guerrero.[18]
Noli Me Tángere (1997) by María Soledad Locsin.[19]
Noli Me Tángere (2006) by Harold Augenbraum. Published by Penguin Classics.[20]
Noli Me Tángere: A Shortened Version in Modern English Translated with an Introduction and Notes (2016) by Nicholas Tamblyn. [21]
Tagalog[edit]
Noli Me Tángere (also titled Huwag Akong Salangin Nino Man/Nobody Dare Touch Me) (1906) by Dr. Pascual H. Poblete. Available freely via Project Gutenberg.[22]
Noli Me Tángere (1997) by Virgilio Almario.[23]
Noli Me Tángere (1999) by Ofelia Jamilosa-Silapan, Tagalog translation of the English translation by León Ma. Guerrero.
Other languages[edit]
Au Pays des Moines (In the Land of Monks) (1899, French) by Henri Lucas and Ramon Sempau. Available freely via Project Gutenberg.[24]
N'y touchez pas! (Don't touch it!) (1980, French) Translation by Jovita Ventura Castro, Collection UNESCO, Connaissance de l'Orient, Gallimard, Paris.
Noli me tángere (1987, German) by Annemarie del Cueto-Mörth. Published by Insel Verlag.
Noli me tángere (2003, Italian) by Vasco Caini. Published by Debatte editore, Livorno, Italy, ISBN 88-86705-26-3.
Noli me Tángere: Filippijnsche roman (Noli Me Tángere: Filipino Novel) (1912, Dutch) by Abraham Anthony Fokker, published by Soerabaijasch Handelsblad. Available freely via Project Gutenberg.[25]
Adaptations[edit]
The Noli has been adapted for literature, theater, television, and film.
1915: Noli Me Tángere, a silent film adaptation by Edward M. Gross.[26]
1930: Noli Me Tángere, another silent film adaptation, directed by José Nepomuceno under Malayan Movies.[27]
1951: National Artist for Cinema Gerardo de León directed a motion picture titled Sisa, starring Anita Linda in the role of the titular character.
1957: Noli Me Tángere: The Opera, an opera in Filipino (Tagalog) composed by National Artist for Music Felipe Padilla de Leon with libretto by National Artist for Visual Arts Guillermo Tolentino. World premiere in 1957 at Far Eastern University Auditorium.[28] Staged in 1974 at Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Main Theater. Staged in 1987 by Fides Cuyugan-Asensio's Music Theater Foundation at the CCP.[29] Staged in 2011 (Nov) and 2012 (July-Aug) by Dulaang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas at Guerrero Theater, University of the Philippines.[30][31] Staged in 2013, one night only, by Far Eastern University as part of its 85th anniversary at Far Eastern University Auditorium.[32] Staged in 2014, produced by J&S Productions at Newport Performing Arts Theater, Resorts World Manila. Staged in 2017, produced by J&S Productions at Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo, CCP.[33]
International stagings: In 1988, Music Theater Foundation's 1987 production was toured in the USA with reduced performers in 1988 in Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis and Los Angeles.[34] The first documented staging by a local group in the USA was in 2012, produced by KGB Productions and staged by da Corneto Opera Company at Harris Theater for Music and Dance, Chicago, performed in Filipino with English supertitles.[35] Staged in 2013 in New York, produced by Edwin Josue at the Sylvia and Danny Kaye Playhouse, Hunter College.[36] Staged in 2014 in Washington, DC, produced by Edwin Josue at Eisenhower Theater, Kennedy Center.[37] Staged in 2016 in Richmond, Virginia, produced by Capitol Opera Richmond at Henrico Theatre.[38] To be staged in June 2017 in Boston, produced by KGB Productions and staged by Opera Brittenica, venue TBA.[39]
1961: Noli Me Tángere, a faithful film adaptation of the novel, was directed by Gerardo de León for Bayanihan-Arriva Productions, featuring Eddie del Mar[40] in the role of Crisóstomo Ibarra.[41] Released for the birth centenary of José Rizal, the motion picture was awarded the Best Picture in the 10th FAMAS Awards.
1979: Kanser (Noli Me Tangere), play in Filipino (Tagalog) written by Jomar Fleras. World premiere in 1979 at Cultural Center of the Philippines by theater group Bulwagang Gantimpala.[42] It has been staged annually by Gantimpala Theater (the group's new name) since 1989.[43] In 2015, it was adapted into a sung-through musical by Gantimpala Theater with music composed by Joed Balsamo.[44]
1992: Noli Me Tángere, a 13-episode TV series by Eddie S. Romero. This adaptation features Joel Torre in the role of Crisóstomo Ibarra, Chin Chin Gutierrez as María Clara, and Tetchie Agbayani as Sisa.
1995: Noli Me Tángere, a Filipino (Tagalog) musical adaptation of the novel staged by theater company Tanghalang Pilipino with libretto (book and lyrics) by National Artist for Literature Bienvenido Lumbera and music by Ryan Cayabyab. It premiered in 1995 at the Cultural Center of the Philippines, directed by Nonon Padilla. It went on to tour Japan. It starred John Arcilla and Audie Gemora alternating as Crisóstomo Ibarra, Monique Wilson as María Clara, and Regine Velasquez as Sisa. Bernardo Bernardo and Bodjie Pascua alternated as Padre Dámaso, and Nanette Inventor and Sheila Francisco as Dona Victorina. It was restaged in 2005, directed by Paul Morales, and in 2011, directed by Audie Gemora. In 2014, it was staged in Los Angeles, directed by Olga Natividad.[45]
Several excerpts from Noli Me Tángere were dramatized in the 1998 film José Rizal, with Joel Torre as Crisóstomo Ibarra and Monique Wilson as María Clara.
1998: Sisa, a remake of the 1951 film of the same name. Written and directed by Mario O'Hara.[46]
2005: Noli Me Tángere 2, a modern literary adaptation of the novel written by Roger Olivares.[47]
2008–2009: Noli at Fili: Dekada 2000, a stage adaptation of Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo by the Philippine Educational Theater Association, set in the present day, in the fictional town of Maypajo in the province of San Lorenzo. Written by Nicanor G. Tiongson and directed by Soxie Topacio.[47][48]
In popular culture[edit]
A series of streets in the Sampaloc area of Manila are named after the characters Ibarra, Sisa and Basilio.
A street in Makati city is called Ibarra Street between Matanzas and Guernica streets
A restaurant serving Filipino cuisine at Greenbelt in Makati is called Restaurante Pia y Dámaso,[49] after María Clara's biological parents.
A restaurant chain called Crisóstomo features dishes from Filipino history and culture such as "Atcharra ni Ibarra". Its sister restaurant is called Elías.
See also[edit]
El filibusterismo
Mga Ibong Mandaragit
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jose, Ricardo (1998). KASAYSAYAN The Story of The Filipino People ( Reform and Revolution ). Philippines: Asia Publishing Company Limited. p. 83. ISBN 962-258-230-3.
Jump up ^ "Noli Me Tángere". Jose Rizal University. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
^ Jump up to: a b Ubalde, Mark J. (2007-08-22). "Rizal's Noli hits major Aussie book shelves". GMA News. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
Jump up ^ Republic Act 1425: An Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Course on the Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal, Particularly His Novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution Thereof, and for Other Purposes.
Jump up ^ Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "II: Crisostomo Ibarra". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "VI: Capitan Tiago". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "LXII: Padre Damaso Explains". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "Epilogue". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "I: A Social Gathering". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "LX: Maria Clara Weds". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "XXII: Fishing". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
Jump up ^ In Chapter 25, Filosofo Tacio insisted to Ibarra that he cannot understand hieroglyphs or Coptic. Instead, he writes using an invented form of alphabet that is based on Tagalog language. Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "XXV: In the House of the Sage". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "XXV: In the House of the Sage". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Derbyshire, Charles (1912). "XLVII: The Espadañas". The Social Cancer. New York: World Book Company. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Friars and Filipinos". Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere by José Rizal - Free Ebook". Gutenberg.org. 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
Jump up ^ "Noli me tangere : a complete English translation of Noli me tangere from the Spanish of Dr. Jose Rizal / by Camilo Osias". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "The lost Eden (Noli me tangere) A completely new translation for the contemporary reader by Leon Ma. Guerrero. Foreword by James A. Michener". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Noli Me Tangere". Google Books. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Noli Me Tangere". Google Books. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Noli Me Tángere: A Shortened Version in Modern English Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Nicholas Tamblyn". amazon.com. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Noli Me Tangere/Huag Acong Salangin Nino Man: Pascual Poblete Filipino translation by Rizal, Jose". Filipiniana.net. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Noli Me Tangere". Archived from the original on September 7, 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Au Pays des Moines". Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Noli me Tangere: Filippijnsche roman". Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Critic After Dark: Ambitious failures (part 2)". Noel Vera. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
Jump up ^ Vail Kabristante, George (September 25, 2008). "Jose Nepomuceno: The Father of R.P. Movies". pelikulaatbp.blogspot.com. from Jingle Extra Hot Movie Entertainment Magazine, no. 13, May 4, 1981. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "On the FEU stage".
Jump up ^ "The Odyssey of De Leon's 'Noli Me Tangere' From Manila to USA and Back".
Jump up ^ "Dulaang UP's 'Noli' opera opens Nov. 21 by Walter Ang". Ang, Walter. "Dulaang UP's 'Noli' opera opens Nov. 21".
Jump up ^ "'Noli Me Tangere: The Opera' restaging opens Dulaang UP's 37th seaon".
Jump up ^ "De Leon's "Noli Me Tangere" at FEU"". January 22, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "J&S Productions About Us Page".
Jump up ^ Tariman, Pablo A. "The Odyssey of De Leon's 'Noli me Tangere' From Manila to USA and Back".
Jump up ^ "Karrel G. Bernardo Productions produces Noli Me Tangere the Opera".
Jump up ^ Schweitzer, Viven (October 8, 2013). "Filipino Opera, Informed by Oppression — 'Noli Me Tangere,' at the Kaye Playhouse". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Noli Me Tangere' Filipino opera will tell moving tale at Kennedy Center".
Jump up ^ Farrell, Tony (September 24, 2016). "Capitol Opera Richmond tackles "Noli Me Tangere" in Tagalog". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Opera Brittenica website".
Jump up ^ "Views From The Pamang — 196: Eddie Del Mar, Kapampangan 'Rizal' of the Silver Screen". Retrieved 2010-11-03.
Jump up ^ "Noli me Tangere (1961)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
Jump up ^ gibbs cadiz (2012-08-22). "GIBBS CADIZ: Gantimpala Theater's Kanser (Noli Me Tangere) returns". Gibbscadiz.blogspot.in. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
Jump up ^ "Words of Walter: Gantimpala Theater Foundation is looking for a new home". Wordsofwalter.blogspot.in. 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
Jump up ^ "After 35 years, 'Kanser'–Gantimpala's 'Noli' adaptation–now a musical".
Jump up ^ "Noli me Tangere musical". Ang, Walter. "Cayabyab-Lumbera’s ‘Noli’ musical to debut in Los Angeles by Walter Ang. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Sisa (1999)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
^ Jump up to: a b "At Last After 118 yrs.. A sequel to Jose Rizal's classic". Roger Olivares. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
Jump up ^ "Experience Theater. Experience PETA". Philippine Educational Theater Association. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Restaurante Pia Y Damaso". Facebook. Retrieved 2014-07-09.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutNoli Me Tángere (novel)at Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Wikimedia Commons
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Data from Wikidata
Original text in Spanish (complete novel)
Book notes/Summary in Tagalog (Noli Me Tangere)
Book notes/Summary in English (The Social Cancer)
Complete English version (The Social Cancer)
Full Text English translation
Complete text: HTML, images, OCR (in Spanish)
Charles Derbyshire English translation
Pascual Poblete Tagalog translation
Noli Me Tangere public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Noli Me Tangere: Deciphered in Filipino
Rizal's Little Odyssey
Noli Me Tangere 13-episode television series from the Cultural Center of the Philippines
¡Caiñgat Cayo!
Fan Language, an article by Ambeth R. Ocampo regarding romantic practices and sensual undertones which can be found in the unabridged version of Noli Me Tangere, from his Looking Back column on the pages of the Philippine Daily Inquirer on February 2, 2005, page 13, news.google.com
Opere di José Rizal, versione italiana di Vasco Caini
[hide]
v
t
e
Philippine Revolution
Battles
People
Events
Prelude
Novales Revolt
Palmero Conspiracy
Gomburza
Concurrent
Cry of Pugad Lawin
Bonifacio Plan
Katagalugan (Bonifacio)
Imus Assembly
Tejeros Convention
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
Elections
Pact
Spanish–American War
Declaration of Independence
Malolos Congress
República Filipina
Negros Revolution
Republic of Negros
Republic of Zamboanga
Epilogue
Treaty of Paris
Philippine–American War
Katagalugan (Sacay)
Moro Rebellion
Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Treaty of Manila
Organizations
American Anti-Imperialist League
Aglipayan Church
Katipunan
La Liga Filipina
Magdalo faction
Magdiwang faction
Philippine Constabulary
Philippine Revolutionary Army
Pulajanes
Propaganda Movement
Documents
El filibusterismo
Kartilya ng Katipunan
La Solidaridad
Malolos Constitution
Mi último adiós
Noli Me Tángere
Symbols
Flags of the Philippine Revolution
Flag of the Philippines
Lupang Hinirang
Spoliarium
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noli_Me_Tángere_(novel)&oldid=829229050"
Categories:
1887 novels
Philippine Revolution
Spanish-language novels
Historical novels
Novels by José Rizal
Debut novels
Novels set in the Philippines
Spanish Empire in fiction
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017
Articles with Spanish-language external links
Articles with LibriVox links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Bikol Central
Cebuano
Chavacano de Zamboanga
Deutsch
Español
Français
Italiano
Latina
മലയാളം
Nederlands
Tagalog
ไทย
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
5 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 March 2018, at 11:31.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

values:
/wiki/Philippine_History
mw-redirect
Philippine History

values: margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:65%; font-weight:normal;

values: background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values: padding: 0.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;

values: Awidon Mesa Formation (page does not exist)

values: Callao Limestone Formation (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Ancient_barangay
mw-redirect
Ancient barangay

values: Prehistoric grave goods in the Philippines

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Maragtas_(book)
mw-redirect
Maragtas (book)

values:
/wiki/Dagohoy_Rebellion
mw-redirect
Dagohoy Rebellion

values:
/wiki/Noli_me_tangere_(novel)
mw-redirect
Noli me tangere (novel)

values:
/wiki/La_Solidaridad
mw-redirect
La Solidaridad

values:
/wiki/Insular_Government
mw-redirect
Insular Government

values: Agricultural Land Reform Code (Philippines)

values:
/wiki/Moro_Conflict
mw-redirect
Moro Conflict

values:
/wiki/Spratly_islands_dispute
mw-redirect
Spratly islands dispute

values: History of the Philippines (1986–present)

values:
/wiki/Mt._Pinatubo
mw-redirect
Mt. Pinatubo

values: 2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front

values: 2006 state of emergency in the Philippines

values: Territorial disputes in the South China Sea

values: Priority Development Assistance Fund scam

values: List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines

values: Science and technology in the Philippines

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;

values: Template talk:History of the Philippines

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Latin_language
mw-redirect
Latin language

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Education in the Philippines during Spanish rule

values:
/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1an_Palace
mw-redirect
Malacañan Palace

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;

values: vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;

values: margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;

values:
/wiki/Dapitan_City
mw-redirect
Dapitan City

values:
/wiki/Firing_squad
mw-redirect
Firing squad

values: Edit section: Influence on Filipino nationalism

values:
/wiki/Filipino_people
mw-redirect
Filipino people

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)

values:
/wiki/Republic_Act_1425
mw-redirect
Republic Act 1425

values:
/wiki/Leonor_Rivera
mw-redirect
Leonor Rivera

values:
/wiki/Domestic_helper
mw-redirect
Domestic helper

values:
/wiki/Dominican_order
mw-redirect
Dominican order

values: Edit section: Sisa, Crispín, and Basilio

values:
/wiki/Senator_of_the_Philippines
mw-redirect
Senator of the Philippines

values:
/wiki/Virgilio_Almario
mw-redirect
Virgilio Almario

values: Ofelia Jamilosa-Silapan (page does not exist)

values: Noli Me Tangere (1915 film) (page does not exist)

values: Noli Me Tangere (1930 film) (page does not exist)

values: Noli Me Tángere: The Opera (page does not exist)

values: Noli Me Tangere (1961 film) (page does not exist)

values: Kanser (Noli Me Tangere) (page does not exist)

values: Noli Me Tangere (TV series) (page does not exist)

values: Noli Me Tangere (musical) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sisa_(1999_film)
mw-redirect
Sisa (1999 film)

values: Noli at Fili: Dekada 2000 (page does not exist)

values: Philippine Educational Theater Association

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.joserizal.ph/no01.html

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30278

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6737

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01MXV2YYG

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30211

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21848

values:
nofollow
http://nolimetangeretheopera.com/about/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.operabrittenica.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0356953/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0286973/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.noli2.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.facebook.com/PiaYDamaso

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://kapitbisig.com/node/214

values:
nofollow
external text
http://kapitbisig.com/node/218

values:
nofollow
external text
http://kapitbisig.com/node/217

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6737

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20228

values:
nofollow
http://nmtangere.blogspot.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18141

values:
/wiki/Ambeth_R._Ocampo
mw-redirect
Ambeth R. Ocampo

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.rizal.it

values: Category:People of the Philippine Revolution

values:
/wiki/Andres_Novales
mw-redirect
Andres Novales

values:
/wiki/Bonifacio_Plan
mw-redirect
Bonifacio Plan

values: Philippine Supreme Council elections, 1897

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017

values: Category:Articles with Spanish-language external links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Noli_Me_T%C3%A1ngere_(novel)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values: നോളി മെ താങ്കറെ (നോവൽ) – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: อันล่วงละเมิดมิได้ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Noli_Me_Tángere_novel rootpage-Noli_Me_Tángere_novel skin-vector action-view