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List of The Thick of It characters
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The Thick of It is a British television comedy programme that premiered in 2005 on BBC Four. The series satirises the inner workings of modern British government. It follows the running of a fictional Department of Social Affairs and Citizenship, and most episodes focus on that department's incumbent minister and a core cast of advisors and civil servants, under the watchful eye of Number 10's enforcer, Malcolm Tucker (Peter Capaldi). The supporting characters include people in government, in the opposition, and in the media.
Contents
1 Cast
1.1 The Government (Series 1-3) The Opposition (Series 4) Labour
1.2 Civil Service
1.3 The Opposition (Specials-Series 3), the Coalition Government (Series 4) Conservatives and Liberal Democrats
1.4 Media
1.5 Goolding Inquiry
1.6 Unseen characters
2 References
Cast[edit]
The Government (Series 1-3) The Opposition (Series 4) Labour[edit]
#
Name
Actor
Role(s)
Duration
TBA
Malcolm Tucker
Peter Capaldi Former Media Adviser to the Leader of the Opposition
(former General Election Advisor, Director of Communications, Number 10) Series 1, 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Tucker is the aggressive, profane and feared Director of communications for the Government. He serves two main roles: acting as the party enforcer to ensure the cabinet ministers all follow the party line, and managing the government's crisis management PR - usually in the form of spin. He regularly uses rumours, smears, or threats of extreme violence to achieve his ends. He is usually seen talking to various people on his mobile.
His reputation precedes him in his own party, the media and even among the opposition. One of the members of the Goolding Inquiry summarizes some of the comments made about him in Series 4, Episode 6: "Malcolm Tucker has the physical demeanour and the political instincts of a velociraptor" (The Guardian); "Tucker's writ runs through the lifeblood of Westminster like raw alcohol, at once cleansing and corroding" (The Daily Telegraph); "If you make eye contact with Malcolm Tucker, you have spilled his pint (The Times); "Iago with a BlackBerry" (The Spectator). In Series 3, Episode 5 Peter Mannion also refers to him as the "Gorbals Goebbels", ostensibly a reference to Tucker's place of origin. Incidentally, neither his fierce reputation nor his permanent leverage over the media and the Government prevent him from being routinely teased and taunted about his ethnicity, even by subordinates such as Ollie and Terri.
Fellow spin doctor Steve Fleming forces him to resign in Series 3, but Tucker regains his position, giving a foul-mouthed battle speech to the Ministers in the Series finale. In Series 4 he returns, bored of two years in opposition, working for the new Leader of the Opposition Nicola Murray MP. In episode 4 of Series 4, he launches a concerted attack on Nicola's leadership, forcing her to resign as Leader and allowing Dan Miller to take her place. At the end of series 4, an accidental admission at the Goolding Inquiry into governmental leaks makes him susceptible to possible perjury charges. He resigns as Director of Communications in the final episode of the series.
He is arguably the protagonist as much as an antihero, and the series is rife with scenes denoting a rather complex personality. In spite of his brash, impulsive and volatile persona, he is strongly implied to be more intelligent and adept at long-term thinking than all or most of the other characters. His constant scheming, although "Malchiavellian" in the words of Hugh Abbott, is paradoxically aimed at a common good, namely the prevalence of the party line and the resolution of issues arising from ministerial incompetence. This is in contrast to apparently friendly characters such as Ollie, who come across as covertly self-serving and egotistical by comparison.
Tucker is implied to be a self-made man of humble origins, a firm believer in meritocracy and a staunch opponent of classism; He compares the intentions of an MP's daughter to capitalise on her family connections to the practices of the Russian Empire and "the fucking Dimblebys". His demeanour towards working-class characters or those outside of the political sphere is sincerely empathetic, gentlemanly and devoid of condescension, as opposed to the obnoxious and patronizing behaviour displayed by characters such as Swain or Pearson towards hotel receptionists or cleaners. Tucker is very respectful towards his secretary, Sam, and also allows his fellow Scotsman, Press Officer Jamie McDonald, to criticise him without retaliation.
Tucker is also the main character in the feature-film spin-off In the Loop, and one out of only four who appear with their names intact.
The character in both the series and the film was partly modelled on Alastair Campbell, as well as Hollywood agents and producers -- notably Harvey Weinstein.[1] His film portrayal is arguably less sympathetic, and his actions seem less fuelled by ideological persuasion than by an interest to keep his job at all costs. His ruthless scheming is brought to the extreme of being a willing (and very active) pawn in the efforts of a warmongering U.S. Assistant Secretary of State towards an intervention in the Middle East. This he does by fabricating intelligence in what could be a fictionalised version of the so-called Dodgy Dossier issued by Alastair Campbell and used by the British government to justify its involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Campbell, who by his own admission enjoyed and even found The Thick of It "hilarious", was vocal in his dislike for In the Loop.[2]
TBA
Rt Hon Hugh Abbot MP
Chris Langham Secretary of State for Social Affairs (later Social Affairs and Citizenship) Series 1 and 2
Abbot is an inept Cabinet Minister, arguably the main character of the first two series, taking up his position following the resignation of Cliff Lawton. While he believes he has some influence with the PM, he is out of touch with the electorate and often finds himself at the mercy of events, bearing the brunt of Tucker's vitriol when misjudged policies or statements play badly in the media. He reads the New Statesman and has two young children, Alicia and Charlie, with wife Kate, whom he complains he rarely gets to see. He is replaced by Nicola Murray in a reshuffle at the beginning of series 3, without appearing on-screen, having gone on holiday to Australia for the duration of the Specials.
TBA
Rt Hon Nicola Murray MP
Rebecca Front Former Leader of the Opposition
(former Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Citizenship) Series 3 and 4
Nicola Alison Murray is promoted to Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Citizenship in a government reshuffle in the run up to a general election. Generally well-meaning but ostensibly unfit for the political game, she has a complex relationship with Malcolm throughout Series 3 and 4 during which he is at times supportive and at times prone to sabotaging her leadership. She is first compromised by him when he demands that she either tell her husband James to resign from his job or send her daughter Ella to a comprehensive school, rather than her preferred choice of an independent school. Her husband works for a PFI company called Albany, who were heavily involved in the government's prison rebuilding policy. She witnesses Malcolm's sacking near the end of Series 3 and refuses his request for help, although it is unclear how effective her intervention would have been by then. However, she is the only main character aside from Sam Cassidy not to celebrate Malcolm's departure and it is left to the audience to decide whether this is because of redeeming qualities she perceives in Malcolm, or because the ruling Party has just lost its only protecting screen against the media. By Episode 2 of Series 4 she has been elected Party Leader and the Leader of the Opposition for nearly two years and remains just as inept. She had gained the post because of the transferable vote system that the Party uses to elect its leaders, which resulted in the Party getting second-best when they needed a strong leader. In Episode 4 of series 4 she resigns after Malcolm launches a concerted and extreme attack on her standing in the party, as she had, while in government, supported a scheme which ultimately led to the suicide of a homeless nurse, Douglas Tickel. At the Goolding Inquiry, she denied that her husband had a vested interest in the PFI scheme and stated her belief that Malcolm Tucker was responsible for the leaking of the PFI email that led to her resignation. It is shown in the final episode that, although she desires an eventual return to front-line politics, Murray is still considered an object of derision and ridicule and her political career is almost certainly over.
She doesn't like using lifts as she is slightly claustrophobic. She is implied to be in a loveless and unhappy marriage with a man called James. She has three daughters and one son. Front reportedly spoke to an unknown former Cabinet minister for inspiration of her role, and it has been speculated that she is a composite of several former Labour Cabinet ministers, including Hazel Blears, Jacqui Smith and Tessa Jowell [3]
TBA
Oliver Francis "Ollie" Reeder
Chris Addison Director of Communications for the Opposition; Policy Adviser to the Leader of the Opposition
(former Special Adviser/Junior Policy Adviser to the Secretary of State, DoSAC) Series 1, 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Reeder is a special adviser to Hugh Abbot and his replacement, Nicola Murray. An Oxbridge graduate, he is arrogant but inexperienced, and is often inadvertently the cause of departmental mistakes. However, the minister often takes his ideas believing them to be vote-winners. A large part of Ollie's character is his self-centredness and cowardice, being described as 'morally bankrupt' and 'spineless'. In the specials Glenn makes a reference to having originally found Ollie working in Millbank (real life New Labour HQ). Ollie was seconded to 10 Downing Street after he slept with an opposition party worker and was told to use his relationship to gather information on opposition party policy.[4] Ollie remains a special advisor to Nicola Murray following her election to Leader of the Opposition in Series 4 and later joins with Malcolm to force Nicola out as leader. He remained Policy Adviser to Dan Miller, although in a less pivotal role than he had under Hugh or Nicola. At the Goolding Inquiry in episode 4.6, he shifts blame for the leaking of the PFI email to Glenn Cullen, describing his dislike of his job at DoSAC and Nicola as motives. He replaces Malcolm as Director of Communications in episode 4.7. following his resignation, in spite of Malcolm asserting that he would not survive the job.
There are subtle hints, at least throughout the fourth series, that Ollie undertakes efforts to undermine Malcolm and accelerate his fall from grace. For instance, he is visibly intrigued by the uncanny amount of knowledge Tucker has about Tickel's medical history, which may or may not reflect on the events of the sixth episode. And more importantly, in the last episode he surreptitiously leaks Malcolm's impending arrest to the press (this he admits to Dan Miller) and it is implied he does the same with Malcolm's choice of Hackney police station to avoid media exposure, in spite of Tucker's pleas not to.
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Rt Hon Cliff Lawton MP
Tim Bentinck Backbench MP
(former Secretary of State for Social Affairs) Series 1 & Specials
Cliff Lawton is forced to resign as the Secretary of State by Malcolm Tucker in episode 1 of the series. He is later referenced as bearing a grudge against Abbot, although it is unclear if this is simply Malcolm's spin. Bitter about his treatment, he later appears in the specials as Jamie's stalking horse during the leadership contest. Jamie unceremoniously ditches him after Cliff's identity is leaked to Malcolm.
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Rt Hon Dan Miller MP
Tony Gardner Leader of the Opposition
(former Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Junior Minister, DSA) Series 1, 4 & Specials
Miller managed to perfect the art of the strategic resignation in Episode 1.3. He was thought to be standing as a candidate for party leadership but instead supported Tom Davis. He remains unseen in Series 3, but Miller's "Cabal" was said to be gathering momentum against the Prime Minister. In Series 4, Miller is deputy to Nicola Murray, who is Leader of the Party. After Malcolm forces Nicola to resign, Miller becomes the interim leader of the Opposition. He did not appear at the Goolding Inquiry, but at the inquiry it was revealed that he held talks with a team from the junior party of the coalition, which included Fergus Williams and Adam Kenyon, to discuss the possibility of a future coalition and the removal of their party leader.
TBA
Rt Hon Geoff Holhurst MP
Rob Edwards Shadow Cabinet Minister
(former Secretary of State for Defence) Series 2, 4 & Specials
First seen in Episode 4 as Secretary of State for Defence, he resigns following an IT overspend after awarding the department's contract to his son's firm. He reappears during the leadership race where Malcolm refers to him as being "So backbench you've actually fucking fallen off". By series 4 he has become Shadow Secretary of State for an unknown department (presumably Defence) in Nicola Murray's Shadow Cabinet. Holhurst is noted (frequently, by both political allies and opponents) for his small head.
TBA
James "Jamie" McDonald
Paul Higgins Senior Press Officer, Number 10 Series 2 & Specials
Jamie is Tucker's unofficial second-in-command, part of the "Caledonian mafia" leading the Number 10 press office. He performs a similar role to Malcolm with an even higher level of aggression towards all. Jamie is very similar to Malcolm in his mannerisms; aggressive, foul-mouthed and frequently violent to his workmates, being described as a 'psychopath' and the 'crossest man in Scotland' by his co-workers. Despite his alienating personality, he seems to be the closest thing Malcolm has to an actual friend, as they are seen talking amicably in some scenes and is the only one who can get away with insulting or standing up to Malcolm. He is, however, strongly implied to be more rudimentary than Malcolm on an intellectual level, a fact of which Malcolm is obviously aware; an example of this is a deleted scene from In the Loop where they discuss the film There Will Be Blood.[5]
He seems to hold a particular hatred for Julius Nicholson among his general disdain for all his colleagues. At the end of In The Loop he is seen gleefully assisting Malcolm in leaking a document that could potentially start a transcontinental war with the Middle East without a flicker of conscience. He apparently spent five years training to be a priest, is a heavy smoker, and is an avid fan of Al Jolson (in one scene he is seen threatening Ollie with violence for mocking him). Born in Motherwell and speaks with a thick Lanarkshire accent. In the series he was only known by his first name, but he was given the surname "McDonald" for his reappearance in In the Loop.[6]
TBA
Julius, Rt Hon The Lord Nicholson of Arnage
Alex Macqueen Life Peer
(former 'Blue Skies' Special Adviser, Head of Advanced Implementation Unit, Number 10. Series 1, 2, 3 & Specials
Julius Nicholson, ex-business guru, is a softly spoken adviser to the Prime Minister, similar to the real life Andrew Adonis or John Birt. His close relationship with the PM and blue-sky thinking means he is often in conflict with Tucker. In the Specials, he is in charge of the Prime Minister's Legacy project and claims to know the secret date when the former is going to resign. After Tucker destroys the Legacy project, Nicholson avenges by leaking confidential immigration figures to the press.[7] Later in the series he is given his own department—the Advanced Implementation Unit. He follows cricket and is always, with very few exceptions, shown eating or talking about food, to the point of even using the food he is consuming as a metaphor to bring a message home (e.g. the onion bhaji meant to symbolize the problems brought caused by a negative internal report on the Series 3 crime-stats affair), and is particularly fond of expensive biscuits. His nephew is a day-pupil at Charterhouse School. He reappears in Series 3 with a peerage.
TBA
Nick Hanway
Martin Savage Backbench MP, Spin Doctor for Tom Davis[8] Series 2 & Specials
Hanway was the equivalent of Malcolm Tucker for Prime Minister-in-waiting Tom. However, he was made to look disloyal to Tom via a series of schemes implemented by Malcolm in Spinners and Losers. Hanway had considered himself a candidate for the Prime Minister's Director of Communications, but lost out when the job was given to Malcolm again.
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Claire Ballentine MP
Eve Matheson Backbench MP, Chair, Education Select Committee Series 2 & Specials
Ballentine is the hard-hitting and well respected Chairwoman of the House of Commons Education Select Committee. She questions Hugh Abbot on the department's SEN schools policy, in Episode 2.3. She was proposed as a candidate for party Leader and Prime Minister in Spinners and Losers, but she declined to stand, owing to a previously unknown online gambling addiction, having registered with gambling websites using her own name. She was mentioned in series 4, having been told to appear for an interview after Nicola Murray's resignation. She also appears in the end credits of In the Loop where she is being promoted.
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Ben Swain MP
Justin Edwards Backbench MP
(former Shadow Cabinet Minister, Minister of State at the Department of Education, Minister of State for Immigration, DoSAC) Series 3, 4 & Specials
Swain is a supporter of leadership candidate Tom Davis[8] (a "nutter") and is therefore viewed with suspicion by other characters supportive of the current party faction heading the government. He was proven to be an embarrassment on television when faced with Jeremy Paxman on Newsnight, where he blinked excessively and failed to answer any questions coherently. He has written a book about "getting ahead in politics" called "It's The Everything, Stupid". In 'Spinners and Losers' he was briefly a candidate for party leadership. He was made a Minister at some level in the Department of Education in Davis' government, and has an adversarial relationship with Nicola Murray, who sacked him as a junior minister from DoSAC in an off-screen incident. In series 4 he has become Shadow Secretary of State for an unknown department in Nicola Murray's Shadow Cabinet. He was forced to resign by Malcolm to put in motion events leading to Nicola's resignation as Leader of the Opposition when promised the post of Shadow Chancellor. He returned to the backbenches when Malcolm found evidence that he, along with Nicola, briefly favoured a controversial policy that led to the suicide of a nurse, Mr Tickel. It is mentioned that he studied History of Art at university. Justin Edwards appeared in the spin off Veep, although it is unknown whether he was playing Ben.
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Ed Atkins
Rory Kinnear Press Officer, Number 10 Series 3
Ed is a press officer in the Number 10 communications unit, answering to Malcolm, who appears in episode 3.1.
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John Duggan
Miles Jupp Party Press Officer Series 3 & 4
An inept press officer prone to making inappropriate comments, whose big fringe is supposedly there to "hide the lobotomy scars." He appears at the party conference in Series 3 and in Series 4 onboard a train to the "Here2Hear" event in Bradford, minding a Sky News film crew, who were conducting an interview with Nicola Murray. Recently divorced, he tries (and fails) to flirt with Helen, Nicola's advisor.
TBA
Rt Hon Steve Fleming MP
David Haig Backbench MP
(former Chief Whip; Acting Director of Communications, Number 10) Series 3
Appears in Episode 3.7 as the PM's new passive-aggressive, creepy enforcer while Malcolm is "on holiday". Fleming manages to force Malcolm's resignation over an attempt to fix a crime statistics inquiry and, by the following episode, has taken over Malcolm's role at Number 10. However, Malcolm's machinations eventually lead to Julius Nicholson clearing Malcolm of wrongdoing in the crime statistics inquiry, while blaming it all on Fleming, forcing Fleming to resign after less than a week in office. We last hear that he has attempted to join Dan Miller's cabal. He was mentioned in Episode 4.4, having given an interview to a newspaper declaring that Nicola Murray was 'unelectable'. This event signalled the start of Malcolm's plan to force out Nicola as Leader of the Opposition.
TBA
Helen Hatley
Rebecca Gethings Special Adviser to Nicola Murray
(former Special Adviser to the Leader of the Opposition) Series 4
Helen is Nicola's special adviser, brought in to replace Glenn Cullen, after he defects to the "Inbetweeners". She was always Nicola's first choice as a special adviser, but only joined her team once she became Leader. She is sceptical of Malcolm, and even makes the mistake of questioning his loyalty to the party. She remains as Special Adviser to Nicola Murray after her resignation as Leader. Little is known about her private life aside from a past affair with a married producer on the Daily Politics, which is mentioned in passing by Nicola in episode 4. Gethings appeared in the spin off Veep, although it is unknown if she was playing Helen as her name is not revealed. She appears at a gathering where the Deputy Prime Minister and Vice President meet.
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Sam Cassidy
Samantha Harrington Personal Assistant to Malcolm Tucker Series 1, 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Malcolm Tucker's personal assistant and secretary, and often witness to many of his profanity-laden rants. Mostly appears in the backgrounds of episodes but occasionally interacts with the main cast. She is one of the few people who actually likes Tucker and is visibly upset when he gets the sack; for his part, Tucker seems to have genuine affection (by his standards) for her. Though not technically a party hack, she moves with Tucker after the election, continuing as his assistant now in opposition. She appears among the audience during all sessions of the Goolding Inquiry in Series 4, Episode 6, and her facial expression throughout the process evolves into visible concern by the latter half as she witnesses both an effective end to Malcolm's career and the beginning of his legal troubles. As with Tucker, Sam also appears in In the Loop.
Civil Service[edit]
#
Name
Actor
Role(s)
Duration
TBA
Teresa Jessica "Terri" Coverley
Joanna Scanlan Director of Communications, DoSAC Series 1, 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Notionally responsible for press relations at DoSAC, Coverley was headhunted from supermarket chain Waitrose where she was once Head of Press.[9] She has also worked in the press office at Sainsbury's.[10] Professional but prudish, she is often left to "mop up" the bad press garnered by the department. She is reluctant to do anything outside of the remit of her job, and resents staying late. She has a sister who lives in Hastings. By the time series 4 begins she wants to be made redundant so she can get away from the Coalition, and plans to use her redundancy money in order to take over a teashop in Ludlow.[11] She is married with a daughter, and during series 4 is reportedly trying to get her dog on Britain's Got Talent. She and Glenn Cullen were responsible for the leaking of an email containing comments from DoSAC staff on Douglas Tickel, a homeless nurse who eventually committed suicide, although the emails were provided to Glenn by Fergus Williams and Adam Kenyon. At the Goolding Inquiry in episode 4.6, her arrogance and delusion is highlighted, when she states her belief that Nicola Murray was jealous of her (as are most women according to her), that she has a very good professional and personal relationship with Peter Mannion (in truth he cannot stand to be around her, and made a scene when he discovered she was not on the list for redundancy), describing herself as quite popular and Robyn Murdoch as "weak". She was also referred to as a "blockage" by several DoSAC staff at the inquiry, though she believed they meant "buffer". On his departure from DoSAC in episode 4.7., Glenn told her that although he pitied her, he had never met anyone "so proud and yet quite so useless".
TBA
Robyn Murdoch
Polly Kemp Senior Press Officer, DoSAC Series 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Despite her job title, Robyn is Terri's secretary, and during Terri's absence is largely ignored by the minister, Hugh Abbot, who was initially under the mistaken belief that she was an unknown secretary to a man called "Robin". Invited to attend Malcolm Tucker's 8.30am briefings, Julius Nicholson had her dis-invited, and she ended up killing time in St James' Park in order that Abbott doesn't realise they are no longer represented at the 8.30 meetings. Well-meaning, but politically naive, she is often sent to do menial tasks such as photocopying and tea-making especially when Terri returns in the last episode of Series Two. She finds both Malcolm and his understudy, Jamie McDonald, particularly terrifying. Because she, like Terri, is a civil servant, she now works for the coalition. In episode 4.5 Fergus is unsure why she is still at DoSAC because he had her on the top of his redundancy list, but puts her in charge of looking after the young care workers while everyone else is trying to lay the blame of Mr Tickel's death and hacking on someone else. At the Goolding Inquiry in episode 4.6 she describes the extent to which staff have bullied her at DoSAC, freely admits that she and Terri do not get on, and expressed incredulity at Terri's delusional comments about the two of them. She believes that her political masters don't actually have any big plan, but rather "they're just trying to get through the day without cocking up". Her mother has an alcohol problem that is now common knowledge due to Robyn talking about it at the inquiry.
The Opposition (Specials-Series 3), the Coalition Government (Series 4) Conservatives and Liberal Democrats[edit]
#
Name
Actor
Role(s)
Duration
TBA
Rt Hon Peter Mannion MP
Roger Allam Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Citizenship
(formerly Shadow Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Citizenship; Minister for Fisheries, DEFRA) Series 3, 4 & Specials
The sarcastic, cynical, old-fashioned and curmudgeonly Shadow Minister who serves as a counterpart for Nicola Murray, and one of the "old guard" of Opposition MPs, Peter was "around in the 80s" (he is a self-described "One Nation party guy") and is thus very resistant to spin doctor Stewart Pearson's new management jargon style of public relations. Mannion is marginally more charismatic and media-savvy than Nicola, however he is nevertheless prone to gaffes, often appearing out of touch and elitist. He antagonises Pearson by refusing to accept his advice and his "no tie" policy. Mannion challenged the modernising party leader, JB, in his party's leadership election, which Mannion believes is the reason for Stewart's poor treatment of him. Mannion was dubbed "Cheater Mannion" by the press during a sex scandal with a former researcher during the mid-1990s and once served as a Junior Minister at DEFRA, responsible for fisheries. He displays a greater reluctance than most in the Opposition to use personal information against the Government, demonstrated by his refusal to use a story concerning Murray's daughter. By series 4 he has become the Secretary of State at DoSAC. Married to Tina, it is mentioned that he studied Classics at university, and is 54 in 2012. He is one of the very few who is not intimidated at all by Malcolm Tucker and even trades witty insults with him in one of their few meetings. He warns Alastair Leyton (a senior executive at The Times) that Mr. Tickel's medical records had been leaked. It is left to the audience to decide whether this phone call is a deliberate attempt to undermine Tucker; Mannion tells Leyton that Mr. Tickel was a victim of "Mr Blag", but it is left unclear whether this is a generic personification of the culture of leaking, or an epithet of Tucker. He is extremely pleased when he learns of Stewart's dismissal. Like contemporary Conservative MP David Davis he is a failed candidate for leader, but he is self-described as pro-immigration, and appears to be ideologically similar to Kenneth Clarke.
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Dr Stewart Pearson
Vincent Franklin Former Director of Communications, Cabinet Office
(formerly Opposition Director of Communications) Series 3, 4 & Specials
The eco-friendly, media-savvy, new-school spin man for the opposition, from Leeds and divorced three times. While Stewart is forceful and manipulative, his style is very different from Tucker, as he dislikes raising his voice and talks mainly in buzzwords and jargon. This greatly aggravates Peter Mannion, who refuses to take Stewart seriously. Pearson therefore often struggles to exert control and influence over Mannion, and often employs passive aggression against him. Tucker has demonstrated an ability to negotiate with him when it would be beneficial for both parties. One example of this is when Tucker and Pearson agree to abandon Nicola Murray and Peter Mannion during a disastrous radio show, as both acknowledge that the two MPs are too incompetent to be worth saving. Stewart is openly afraid of his boss Cal Richards, and does his best to avoid him. By series 4 he has replaced Malcolm as the Government's Director of Communications, although he is left in shock when the Prime Minister JB has an underling tell him that a policy has been dropped, realising that his influence has begun to decline. At the Goolding Inquiry he found it hard to speak in plain English and without buzzwords and denied ever leaking himself. Stewart was fired as Director of Communications in episode 4.7. and sent to a think tank, the PM being keener on actions rather than thoughts. Following this news, Stewart declared that, despite cleansing some sexist and homophobic aspects, his attempts to detoxify the party were always doomed. Pearson holds a PhD. Franklin has described him as being based on Steve Hilton, a former director of strategy for David Cameron.[12]
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Fergus Williams MP
Geoffrey Streatfeild Minister of State for Social Affairs, DoSAC Series 4
Junior Minister and representative of the junior "Inbetweener" Coalition party at DoSAC. Adam Kenyon and Glenn Cullen serve as his advisors. Ambitious, bad-tempered, Fergus spends most of his time clashing with Secretary of State Peter Mannion (whom he sees as "outdated and irrelevant") over who gets credit for policies [1]. This also brings him into conflict with Stewart Pearson, who is overseeing all aspects of government policy, often at the expense of the "Inbetweeners". He formerly worked for npower in communications for two years. At the Goolding Inquiry in episode 4.6 it was revealed that he and Adam were part of a team that met with Dan Miller to talk about a potential future coalition with Miller's party and the removal of his own party leader. Glenn Cullen described Fergus in his departure speech as having lost his principles since entering government and having no real power, despite Fergus' protests.
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Emma Florence Messinger
Olivia Poulet Special Adviser to the Secretary of State, DoSAC
(formerly Policy Adviser to the Shadow Secretary of State) Series 3, 4 & Specials
Emma was Ollie's girlfriend, shamelessly used by him for Tucker's ends, but she also often steals ideas and policies from him and takes the credit. Peter is somewhat averse to her presence in his department, since she is a key ally to Stewart. This often brings her into conflict with Phil, who Emma dislikes despite sharing a flat with him for a time. Glenn Cullen described her on his departure as being nothing more than a "standard issue insipid posh bitch".
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Philip Bartholomew Cornelius "Phil" Smith
Will Smith Special Adviser to the Secretary of State, DoSAC
(formerly Researcher for the Shadow Secretary of State) Series 3, 4 & Specials
In the department, Phil is very much Peter's man, to the point where he even writes the former's blog. Phil formerly shared a flat with Emma, (although they are not great friends), and another man named Affers (David Dawson). He and Ollie are immensely antagonistic towards each other, although almost everybody Phil meets considers him to be an childish idiot. He often makes analogies to Tolkien's Lord of the Rings books and later the Game of Thrones TV series. He considers himself to be a world expert on Peter Mannion, from "inside leg measurements to PIN number". Phil admits in episode 4.5 that he hasn't had sex in five years, and that he doesn't really enjoy it. Glenn Cullen described Phil in his departure speech as a "closet Regency homosexual" and an "eight-year-old trapped in a twelve-year-old's body". Phil took it in his stride, wondering why no-one was recording it.
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Glenn Cullen (Sometimes 'Glen')
James Smith Former Adviser, Fourth Sector Initiative; Special Adviser to the Minister of State, DoSAC
(formerly Senior Special Adviser to the Secretary of State, DoSAC) Series 1, 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Glenn Cullen was Hugh's chief adviser and friend. He appeared on ITN after swearing at a member of the public who confronts Abbot. In the transition he managed to remain as Senior Advisor when Nicola Murray becomes Secretary of State. He fell out with Nicola after she inadvertently thwarted his plan to stand as an MP because his association with her was considered 'too divisive'.[13] In series 4, he is unhappily working in the Coalition government, having left Nicola and defected to Fergus Williams and Adam Kenyon's "Inbetweener" party after the election, as they were looking for someone to explain the Fourth Sector and their brand of ethical politics was something he could believe in. He was dismayed when he realised his new party were quite prepared to ditch their ideals to enter a coalition with Peter Mannion's party (whom Glenn had "spent his whole career trying to keep out" in his old party). He is mostly ignored by Fergus and Adam, and bitterly reflects that there is no-one like him left at the department now. He naturally jumps at the chance to help Malcolm bring down Nicola as Leader of the Opposition, leaking an old email that showed her support of a controversial policy that resulted in the suicide of Douglas Tickel, while she was Secretary of State at DoSAC. Despite this, he was not allowed to return to his former party, and was still regarded by Malcolm as a traitor. At the Goolding Inquiry in episode 4.6 he denounced Ollie Reeder as spineless and without conviction, publicly apologising for bringing him into politics. He also lied about his involvement in the leaking of emails that led to Murray's resignation. Glenn resigned as Advisor for the Fourth Sector Initiative in episode 4.7, giving a speech to the staff of DoSAC on how much he disliked them. He intended to hand himself to the police for perjuring himself in the inquiry, but decided against it.
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Adam Kenyon
Ben Willbond Special Adviser to the Minister of State, DoSAC
(formerly Night Editor, 'Daily Mail') Series 4 and Specials
The put-upon night editor is seen in "Spinners and Losers", desperately attempting to write a coherent editorial from the conflicting stories leaking from Westminster. He eventually decides to write a piece about the "Night of Spin", naming those who have annoyed him as the night's "losers". In series 4 he is revealed to be in "the Inbetweener" party and works in DoSAC as Special Advisor to Fergus Williams. At the Goolding Inquiry in episode 4.6 it was revealed that he and Fergus were part of a team that met with Dan Miller to talk about a potential future coalition with Miller's party and the removal of his own party leader. Glenn Cullen described him in his departure speech as loathsome and most suited to working at the Daily Mail, a view that Emma and Phil also share.
TBA
Cal Richards
Tom Hollander Chief Election Strategist, Opposition Party Series 3
Stewart's fearsome boss, nicknamed "The Fucker" by his colleagues, who is much more like Tucker in his style, only even more aggressive and profane. Emma describes him as 'pure poison'. In his brief appearance he appears uncouth and probably psychotic, screaming wanton abuse at the policy team and threatening to sack Stewart. His violent aggression has gained him legendary status in DoSAC, and he is perhaps the only person in government more feared than Malcolm.
TBA
Mary Drake MP
Sylvestra Le Touzel Minister of State, Cabinet Office
(former Home Office Minister) Series 4
Mary first appears in episode 4.3, at Stewart's "thought camp" Bank Holiday retreat - the only other senior minister present, other than Peter Mannion. She has a son, who at the time is on a school trip. She later reappears in episode 4.7., expressing displeasure with DoSAC over the police backlog. She replaced Stewart as Director of Communications.
Media[edit]
#
Name
Actor
Role(s)
Duration
TBA
Angela Heaney
Lucinda Raikes Junior Political Correspondent, 'Daily Mail', formerly 'Evening Standard' Series 1, 2, 3 & Specials
As Ollie Reader's ex-girlfriend, Angela Heaney is often called in when the department wants to leak a story. However, due to Ollie's comparative lack of influence, she often ends up being misinformed. Initially working for the Evening Standard, she becomes less of a soft-touch when she moves to the Daily Mail. A journalist played by Raikes, presumably Angela Heaney, also appears in In the Loop, and Tucker mentions an incident involving Heaney near the beginning of the film.
TBA
Marianne Swift
Zoe Telford Freelance Journalist Series 3
Marianne overhears Nicola telling journalists "off the record" about deleted immigration figures at The Guardian offices after a lunch. She works occasionally for the Daily Mail and appeared in Malcolm's flat as a dinner guest with Geoffrey. Nicola Murray referred to her as "swine-faced Swift".
TBA
Geoffrey
Peter Sullivan Editor, 'The Guardian' Series 3
Geoffrey is the Editor of The Guardian and present at a lunch attended by Nicola and Malcolm. He later appears at the party conference and then at Malcolm's home when he holds a meal for journalists. In series 4, he received a chain of emails leaked by Glenn Cullen and Terri Coverley that contained insensitive comments from DoSAC staff on Douglas Tickel, a homeless nurse that eventually committed suicide.
TBA
Declan (aka "Mr Chop")
Michael Colgan Tabloid Journalist Series 4
Declan is a tabloid journalist who dresses up as a giant pork chop and publicly harasses Nicola Murray, suggesting that she's going to "get the chop", i.e. be sacked as Leader of the Opposition.
TBA
Simon Hewitt
Matthew Marsh Journalist Series 1
Simon Hewitt authors a particularly scathing column about Hugh Abbott accusing him of being totally out of touch with his constituents. This drives most of the action in Episode 2 and reveals a strong personal animosity between Hewitt and Malcolm Tucker. The reasons for this, mostly left open to speculation in the final cut, are explained to Ollie by Terri in one of the deleted scenes: Hewitt's current girlfriend, BBC health correspondent Kelly Grogan, had been Malcolm's girlfriend until about three months earlier.
Goolding Inquiry[edit]
#
Name
Actor
Role(s)
Duration
TBA
Lord Goolding
William Hoyland Inquiry Judge Series 4
Lord Goolding is a member of the Goolding Inquiry that was formed to investigate the death of homeless nurse Douglas Tickel and the "culture of leaking" between political parties and the media. The inquiry required several key individuals from the government, the Opposition and the Civil Service to attend and give evidence. Lord Goolding is reputedly a fair man, but he is not going to stand for any nonsense or anyone trying to use the inquiry to score political points. He has a desire for plainness and clarity.
TBA
Baroness Sureka
Priyanga Burford Inquiry Judge Series 4
Baroness Sureka is a member of the Goolding Inquiry that was formed to investigate the death of homeless nurse Douglas Tickel and the "culture of leaking" between political parties and the media. The inquiry required several key individuals from the government, the Opposition and the Civil Service to attend and give evidence. During the inquiry, a personal story about her appeared in the Sunday Times, after she started probing Malcolm Tucker's bullying tactics. After this she did not appear for several days during the inquiry.
TBA
Simon Weir
Tobias Menzies Inquiry Judge Series 4
Simon Weir is a member of the Goolding Inquiry that was formed to investigate the death of homeless nurse Douglas Tickel and the "culture of leaking" between political parties and the media. The inquiry required several key individuals from the government, the Opposition and the Civil Service to attend and give evidence.
TBA
Matthew Hodge
Michael Maloney Inquiry Judge Series 4
Matthew Hodge is a member of the Goolding Inquiry that was formed to investigate the death of homeless nurse Douglas Tickel and the "culture of leaking" between political parties and the media. The inquiry required several key individuals from the government, the Opposition and the Civil Service to attend and give evidence.
Unseen characters[edit]
#
Name
Actor
Role(s)
Duration
TBA
The PM
Unseen Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Series 1, 2 & Specials
The first unseen Prime Minister of the series, we learn that he is obsessed with leaving a "legacy" from his time in office. We also learn from Julius Nicholson that he once tried to have the chief examiner sacked over his son's retake marks. He is a parody of Tony Blair.
TBA
Rt Hon Tom Davis MP
Unseen Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
(formerly Chancellor) Series 1, 2, 3 & Specials
Tom succeeds to the premiership during the Specials, having been the likely successor to the previous PM for some time, gathering a large following in the party referred to as the "Nutters". His succession is nearly derailed after Jamie leaked rumours that Tom has bouts of depression and takes anti-depressants. His premiership witnesses the slow decline of this government. He is a parody of Gordon Brown.
TBA
JB
Unseen Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
(formerly Leader of the Opposition) Series 3, 4 & Specials
JB, who is only ever referred to by his initials, is the young, inexperienced, upper-class Leader of the Opposition in the Specials and Series 3. JB is a modernist and has hired Stewart Pearson to change his party's seemingly old-fashioned, backward image and broaden its appeal, which irritates members of the party old guard, such as Peter Mannion. He is reluctant to commit to firm policies before the election. According to Mannion, he and the members of his "Eton clique," despite ostensibly heading up the progressive wing of the party, enjoy texting offensive jokes to each other, something Stewart dismisses as "ironising". In Series 4, JB is now Prime Minister in a Coalition government that is overseeing austerity measures (referred to by Malcolm Tucker as "JB's barmy army"). He is a parody of David Cameron. [2]
TBA
"Fatty"
Unseen MP, former Minister of State for Defence Series 2, 3, 4 & Specials
"Fatty" is an MP who holds a ministerial post in the MOD, though survives the reshuffle at the start of Series 3. He is not held in particularly high regard by Malcolm or Jamie at Number 10, and is only referred to by his weight, having been rewarded with a hamper by Malcolm in Series 4. He evidently remains a senior figure within the party. Right after Nicola's resignation, however, Malcolm orders Ollie to show Fatty a picture (not shown on-screen but deemed extremely upsetting by Ollie) as a form of blackmail to ensure he shelves the leadership ambitions he still held up to that point.
TBA
Pat Morrissey
Unseen Opposition Communications (formerly Communications, Number 10) Series 2, 3, 4 & Specials
Pat, referred to with epithets about her weight, such as "Fat Pat" or "Pumpkin Tits", plays a publicity or communications role with the office of the Prime Minister. It is not clear exactly what her position is, but she is a frequent competitor with Malcolm for power and influence within the party. Formerly worked for ITN, before becoming a "Nutter", a supporter of Tom Davis within the Number 10 press office. She remains part of the party communications team during Series 4, moving to the Norman Shaw Buildings.
TBA
Douglas Tickel
Unseen Nurse Series 4
Douglas Tickel was a nurse that became homeless after his key-worker housing was sold off and refused alternative accommodation. He took up residence in a tent as a protest against the policy, committing suicide in episode 4.3. Tickel had intense mental health issues that became evident after the leaking of his confidential medical records. After Glenn and Terri's leak in episode 4.5, the media gains hold of a chain of offensive emails from members of the Government targeted towards Tickel's mental troubles, including such quotes such as "the fucker's a nutbag" from Emma. His death and the illegal leaking of his medical records later sparked the Goolding Inquiry into the "culture of leaking".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Radio Times 4–10 February 2012 p.18
Jump up ^ Alastair Campbell. "Alastair Campbell on Malcolm Tucker and In the Loop". the Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
Jump up ^ https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2009/nov/17/chris-addison-interview
Jump up ^ Character profile at bbc.co.uk, URL accessed 7/12/09
Jump up ^ In the loop: 'There will be blood'. YouTube. 19 September 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Four - The Thick of It | Jamie". BBC. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Four - The Thick of It | Julius Nicholson". BBC. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b The new PM is variously called Davies and Davis in reasonably authoritative sources. A newspaper draft in the second special clearly reads Davis, however.
Jump up ^ Series One, Episode Two
Jump up ^ Series Three, Episode Four
Jump up ^ Character profile at bbc.co.uk, URL accessed 7/12/09
Jump up ^ Owen, Paul (14 November 2009). "The Thick of It: series three, episode four". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Character profile at bbc.co.uk, URL accessed 7/12/09
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Celebratory gunfire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Celebratory gunfire (also called aerial firing or happy fire) is the shooting of a firearm into the air in celebration. It is culturally accepted in parts of the Balkans, the Middle East, the Central Asian region of Afghanistan, and the South Asian region of Pakistan. In regions such as Puerto Rico and continental areas of the United States it is practiced illegally, especially on holidays like New Year's Eve.[1]
Common occasions for celebratory gunfire include New Year's Day as well as the religious holidays Christmas and Eid.[2] The practice may result in random death and injury from stray bullets. Property damage is sometimes another result of celebratory gunfire; shattered windows and damaged roofs are often found after such celebrations.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Falling-bullet injuries
2 Property damage
3 Trends
4 Notable incidents
4.1 Middle East
4.2 United States
4.3 South Asia
4.4 Europe
4.5 South America
5 Penalties
6 Cultural references
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Falling-bullet injuries[edit]
"Bullets are not greeting cards. Celebrate without firearms." From the IANSA Macedonian poster campaign, December 2005
Bullets fired into the air usually fall back with terminal velocities much lower than their muzzle velocity when they leave the barrel of a firearm. Nevertheless, people can be injured, sometimes fatally, when bullets discharged into the air fall back down to the ground. Bullets fired at angles less than vertical are more dangerous as the bullet maintains its angular ballistic trajectory and is far less likely to engage in tumbling motion; it therefore travels at speeds much higher than a bullet in free fall.
A study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 80% of celebratory gunfire-related injuries are to the head, feet, and shoulders.[4] In Puerto Rico, about two people die and about 25 more are injured each year from celebratory gunfire on New Year's Eve, the CDC says.[5] Between the years 1985 and 1992, doctors at the King/Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, treated some 118 people for random falling-bullet injuries. Thirty-eight of them died.[6]
Firearms expert Julian Hatcher studied falling bullets in the 1920s and calculated that .30 caliber rounds reach terminal velocities of 90 m/s (300 feet per second or 186 miles per hour).[7] A bullet traveling at only 61 m/s (200 feet per second) to 100 m/s (330 feet per second) can penetrate human skin.[8]
In 2005, the International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) ran education campaigns on the dangers of celebratory gunfire in Serbia and Montenegro.[9] In Serbia, the campaign slogan was "every bullet that is fired up, must come down."[10]
Property damage[edit]
Bullets often lodge in roofs, causing minor damage that requires repair in most cases. Normally, the bullet will penetrate the roof surface through to the roof deck, leaving a hole where water may run into the building and cause a leak.[11]
Trends[edit]
Philippine Health Secretary Francisco Duque III noted the drop in stray bullet injuries, in that country, during the 2005 year-end holiday period – from 33 cases to 19.[12]
The number of complaints regarding random shooting in Dallas, Texas, on New Year's Eve declined from approximately 1,000 in 1999 to 800 each in 2001 and 2002.[3]
In early 2008, increased partisanship in Lebanon led to the practice of firing celebratory gunfire in support when politicians appeared on local television, leading to multiple deaths and to calls from these leaders to end the practice.[13]
Notable incidents[edit]
Middle East[edit]
April 6, 2014: A 20-year-old pregnant mother of two, Wadia Baidawi, was struck in the head and killed by a stray bullet from her neighbor’s wedding in Sidon, Lebanon.[14]
November 21, 2012: Following a cease-fire ending fighting with Israel, celebratory gunfire in the Gaza Strip killed a man and wounded three others.[15]
October 30, 2012: Twenty-three people were electrocuted after celebratory gunfire brought down a power cable during a wedding party in eastern Saudi Arabia.[16]
August 2012: A Kuwaiti bridegroom was killed when a friend of his accidentally shot him as he charged his gun to fire into the air in celebration.[17]
August 2010: 2 people were killed and 13 were injured in Jordan, as part of the yearly celebration of the announcement of the result of Tawjihi.[18]
July 29, 2007: At least four people were killed and 17 others wounded by celebratory gunfire in the capital city of Baghdad, Iraq, following the victory of the national football team in the AFC Asian Cup.[19][20] Celebratory gunfire occurred despite warnings issued by Iraqi security forces and the country's leading Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who forbade the gunfire with a religious fatwā.[21]
July 22, 2003: More than 20 people were killed in Iraq from celebratory gunfire following the deaths of Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay in 2003.[13]
United States[edit]
July 1, 2017: A 13-year-old boy, Noah Inman, was struck in his head and killed while playing basketball in the street.[22]
January 1, 2017: Armando Martinez, a Texas state Representative, was wounded in the head by a stray bullet during a New Year's celebration.[23]
January 1, 2015: A 43-year-old man, Javier Suarez Rivera, was struck in his head and killed while watching fireworks with his family in Houston.[24][25]
July 4, 2013: A 7-year-old boy, Brendon Mackey, was struck in the top of his head and killed while walking with his father shortly before 9 p.m. amid a large crowd prior to the fireworks display over the Swift Creek Reservoir, outside Richmond, Virginia.[26]
January 1, 2013: A 10-year-old girl, Aaliyah Boyer, collapsed after being struck in the back of the head while watching the neighborhood fireworks in Eklton, Maryland. She died two days later of her injuries. [27]
July 4, 2012: A 34-year-old woman, Michelle Packard, was struck in the head and killed while watching the fireworks with her family. The police believe the shot could have come from a mile away.[28]
January 1, 2010: A four-year-old boy, Marquel Peters, was struck by a bullet and killed inside his church The Church of God of Prophecy in Decatur, GA. It is presumed the bullet may have penetrated the roof of the church around 12:20AM.[29]
December 28, 2005: A 23-year-old U.S. Army private on leave after basic training fired a 9mm pistol into the air in celebration with friends, according to police, one of the bullets came through a fifth-floor apartment window in the New York City borough of Queens, striking a 28-year-old mother of two in the eye. Her husband found her lifeless body moments later. The shooter had been drinking the night before and turned himself in to police the next morning when he heard the news. He was charged with second-degree manslaughter and weapons-related crimes,[30][31] and was later found guilty and sentenced to 4 to 12 years in prison.[32]
June 14, 1999: Arizona, A 14-year-old girl, Shannon Smith, was struck on the top of her head by a bullet and killed while in the backyard of her home.[33] This incident resulted in Arizona enacting "Shannon's Law" in 2000, that made the discharge of a firearm into the air illegal.
December 31, 1994: Amy Silberman, a tourist from Boston, was killed by a falling bullet from celebratory firing while walking on the Riverwalk in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. The Police Department there has been striving to educate the public on the danger since then, frequently making arrests for firing into the air.[34]
July 4, 1950: Bernard Doyle was killed in his seat while attending a New York Giants game at the Polo Grounds. The bullet was determined to have been fired by Robert Peebles, a juvenile, from an apartment building some distance away on Coogan's Bluff, presumably in celebration of Independence Day.[35][36][37]
South Asia[edit]
November 16, 2016: A self-proclaimed godwoman and her private guards went on a celebratory shooting spree at a wedding in Haryana's Karnal town in India, killing the groom's aunt and leaving three of his relatives critically wounded.[38]
February 25, 2007: Five people were killed by stray bullets fired at a kite festival in Lahore, Pakistan, including a six-year-old schoolboy who was struck in the head near his home in the city's Mazang area.[39]
December 1859: An autopsy showed that a native servant in India, who suddenly fell dead for no apparent reason, was mortally wounded from a bullet fired from a distance too far for the shot to be heard. The falling bullet had sufficient energy to pass through the victim's shoulder, a rib, a lung, his heart and his diaphragm.[40]
June 6, 2013: a 42-year-old Pakistani woman was killed by a stray bullet from celebratory gunfire. The gunfire was attributed to celebrations for the election of Pakistan's prime minister Newaz Sharif. Her 19-year-old niece was also hit, and rushed to hospital in critical condition.[41]
Europe[edit]
January 1, 2005: A stray bullet hit a young girl during New Year celebrations in the central square of downtown Skopje, Macedonia. She died two days later. This incident led to the 2006 IANSA awareness campaign in that country.[2]
October 12, 2003: Wedding guests in Belgrade, Serbia mistakenly shot down a small aircraft.[42]
On 7 January 2008, at about 9:30 pm, a Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100 (4O-AOK) was shot at while landing at Podgorica Airport. A routine inspection of the aircraft led to the discovery of a bullet hole in the aircraft's tail. The aircraft was carrying 20 passengers, but no one was injured. The reason for the incident is unknown; however, reports indicate that it may have been an inadvertent result of guns being fired during celebrations for Orthodox Christmas.
South America[edit]
December 25, 2012: A stray bullet killed a three-year-old girl in Asunción, Paraguay.[43]
Penalties[edit]
In the Republic of Macedonia, a person found guilty of firing off a gun during celebrations faces a jail sentence of up to ten years.[2]
In Pakistan, section 144 of the law is imposed to prevent aerial firing during celebrations if harm is caused, and an FIR may be registered against a person who does so. However, many cases of aerial firing go unreported.[1]
In the United States, crime classifications vary from a misdemeanor to a felony in different states:
In Arizona, firing a gun into the air was raised from a misdemeanor to a felony by Shannon's law, in response to the death of a 14-year-old from a stray bullet in 1999.[44]
In California, discharging a firearm into the air is a felony punishable by three years in state prison. If the stray bullet kills someone, the shooter can be charged with murder.[45][46]
In Minnesota, it is illegal to discharge a firearm over a cemetery, or at or in a public transit vehicle. Additionally, local governments may regulate the discharge of a weapon within their jurisdictions.[44]
In Ohio, discharging a firearm or a deadly weapon in a public place is classified as disorderly conduct, a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000.[47]
In Texas, random gunfire is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum one year in jail and $4,000 fine. Anyone who injures or kills someone with a stray bullet could face more serious felony charges.[3]
In Wisconsin, criminal charges for this type of offense range from "endangering safety by use of a dangerous weapon" to "reckless homicide" in the event of a death, with penalties ranging from nine months to 25 years in prison."[5]
Cultural references[edit]
The non-fiction U.S. cable television program MythBusters on the Discovery Channel covered this topic in Episode 50: "Bullets Fired Up" (original airdate: April 19, 2006). Special-effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman conducted a series of experiments to answer the question: "Can celebratory gunfire kill when the bullets fall back to earth?"
Using pig carcasses, they worked out the terminal velocity of a falling bullet and had a mixed result, answering the question with all three of the show's possible outcomes: Confirmed, Plausible and Busted.[48] They tested falling bullets by firing them from both a handgun and a rifle, by firing them from an air gun designed to propel them at terminal velocity, and by dropping them in the desert from an instrumented balloon.
They found that while bullets traveling on a perfectly vertical trajectory tumble on the way down, creating turbulence that reduces terminal velocity below that which would kill, it was very difficult to fire a bullet in a near-ideal vertical trajectory. In practice, bullets were likely to remain spin-stabilized on a ballistic trajectory and fall at a potentially lethal terminal velocity. They also verified cases of actual deaths from falling bullets.[49]
See also[edit]
Feu de joie
21-gun salute
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Shaikh, Hassan Latif (29 June 2012). "Celebratory gunfire". Dawn. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Campaign in Macedonia raises awareness of dangers posed by gunfire (SETimes.com)". Retrieved 2007-08-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c "New Year's Eve gunfire may bring jail time". United Press International. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ "New Year's Eve Injuries Caused by Celebratory Gunfire --- Puerto Rico, 2003". Retrieved 2007-07-31.
^ Jump up to: a b Abdul-Alim, Jamaal (2005-12-29). "JS Online: Hold the gunfire". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Jump up ^ Incorvaia, A.N.; Poulos, D.M.; Jones, R.N.; Tschirhart, J.M. (2007-01-01). "Can a Falling Bullet Be Lethal at Terminal Velocity? Cardiac Injury Caused by a Celebratory Bullet". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 83 (1): 283–4. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.046. PMID 17184680. Archived from the original (abstract) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Hatcher, Julian Sommerville (1962). Hatcher's Notebook. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 514. ISBN 0-8117-0795-4.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Michael J. (2005). Head, Face and Neck Trauma: Comprehensive Management. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 189. ISBN 1-58890-308-7.
Jump up ^ "Shooting in the air: turning celebration into tragedy". International Action Network on Small Arms. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Serbs Told To Keep Guns Quiet On New Year's Eve – RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY". Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Professionals Topics Library : Roofs & Bullets". Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Javellana-Santos, Julie. "3 Killed, Over 600 Injured in Philippine Year-End Revelry". Arab News. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Ayed, Nahlah (2008-04-15). "Mideast Dispatches: Deadly merriment, the fallout from celebratory gunfire". CBC News. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
Jump up ^ Mohammed Zaatari (2014-04-07). "Sidon demands security after stray-bullet death". The Daily Star, Lebanon. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Man killed by celebratory gunfire in Gaza". Ma'an News Agency. 22 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Celebratory gunfire at Saudi wedding cuts cable, 23 electrocuted". Reuters. 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Celebratory fire kills Kuwaiti groom at wedding". AFP. 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jordanian King Goes to War Over Celebratory Gunfire". Green Prophet. 2010-08-20. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
Jump up ^ Burton, Randy (2007-07-31). "Raining bullets in the Middle East". The StarPhoenix. Archived from the original on 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Gunshots celebrate Iraq soccer win, leave 4 dead". Associated Press. AM New York. 2007-07-30. p. 9.
Jump up ^ "Soccer underdogs unite Iraqis". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2007-08-01. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Quinn, Michelle L. (2017-07-10). "Boy, 13, dies after being hit by falling bullet in Hammond". Chicago Post-Tribune. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/02/us/texas-representative-bullet-hits-head/index.html
Jump up ^ http://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article5292357.html
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Jump up ^ http://www.timesdispatch.com/news/local/chesterfield/boy-shot-in-head-at-chesterfield-fireworks-celebration/article_95a28426-e549-11e2-a881-001a4bcf6878.html
Jump up ^ https://www.thetrace.org/2015/12/celebratory-gunfire-new-years/
Jump up ^ Rowe, Kellie (2012-07-08). "Student shot at fireworks show, died next morning". The State News. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Falling Bullet Kills 4-Year-Old Boy In DeKalb". wsbtv.com. 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
Jump up ^ "Stray bullet kills S Asian expat". BBC NEWS. 2005-12-31. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
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Jump up ^ Meenan, Mick (2006-06-01). "Metro Briefing : New York: Queens: Ex-Private Gets 4 To 12 Years For Manslaughter". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ http://www.azcentral.com/specials/special14/articles/1015coldcase15.html
Jump up ^ "History Of The New Orleans Police Department". Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Bullet Kills Baseball Fan In Midst of Crowd at Polo Grounds". The New York Times. July 5, 1950. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Shot Kills Baseball Fan in Crowd of 49,000". Chicago Tribune. July 5, 1950. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Boy Confesses Firing Shot into Polo Grounds". The Day (New London). July 8, 1950. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sadhvi Deva Thakur booked as celebratory firing kills woman". Indian Express.
Jump up ^ "11 Dead At Pakistani Kite Festival, Metal Kite Strings, Stray Celebratory Gunfire Claim Lives At Annual Event, More Than 100 Injured". CBS News. 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
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Jump up ^ "Celebratory gunfire kills woman". IOL News. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Celebratory Gunfire". Citizens For A Safer Minnesota. Retrieved 2007-08-03. [permanent dead link]
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Further reading[edit]
"Falling bullets: terminal velocities and penetration studies", by L. C. Haag, Wound Ballistics Conference, April 1994, Sacramento, California.
External links[edit]
UN Development Programme activity report
Can a bullet fired into the air kill someone when it comes down? The Straight Dope
Celebratory Gunfire: Good Idea or Not?
'Celebratory' shot kills groom
Spreading the Word About Dangers of Celebratory Gunfire: Henry Louis Adams
Minister Fighting to End Celebratory Gunfire
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celebratory_gunfire&oldid=839852877"
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