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Prague astronomical clock
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Prague astronomical clock
The Prague astronomical clock, or Prague orloj (Czech: Pražský orloj [praʃskiː orloj]), is a medieval astronomical clock located in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. It is currently undergoing a reconstruction and should be back in place by the end of October 2018.
Contents
1 Description
2 History
2.1 600th anniversary
2.2 605th anniversary
2.3 2018 reconstruction
3 Astronomical dial
3.1 Stationary background
3.2 Zodiacal ring
3.3 Old Czech time scale
3.4 Sun
3.5 Moon
4 Animated figures
5 Calendar
6 See also
7 References
7.1 Cited sources
7.2 Other sources
8 External links
Description[edit]
The Orloj is mounted on the southern wall of Old Town Hall in the Old Town Square. The clock mechanism itself has three main components: the astronomical dial, representing the position of the Sun and Moon in the sky and displaying various astronomical details; statues of various Catholic saints stand on either side of the clock; "The Walk of the Apostles", a clockwork hourly show of figures of the Apostles and other moving sculptures—notably a figure of Death (represented by a skeleton) striking the time; and a calendar dial with medallions representing the months. According to local legend, the city will suffer if the clock is neglected and its good operation is placed in jeopardy; a ghost, mounted on the clock, was supposed to nod its head in confirmation. According to the legend, the only hope was represented by a boy born on New Year's night.[1]
History[edit]
The clock tower
The oldest part of the Orloj, the mechanical clock and astronomical dial, dates back to 1410 when it was made by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel, then later a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Charles University. The first recorded mention of the clock was on 9 October 1410.[2] Later, presumably around 1490, the calendar dial was added and the clock facade was decorated with gothic sculptures.
Formerly, it was believed that the Orloj was constructed in 1490 by clockmaster Jan Růže (also called Hanuš); this is now known to be a historical mistake. A legend, recounted by Alois Jirásek, has it that the clockmaker Hanuš was blinded on the order of the Prague Councillors so that he could not repeat his work; in turn, he disabled the clock, and no one was able to repair it for the next hundred years.
In 1552 it was repaired by Jan Taborský (ca 1500–1572), master clockmaker of Klokotská Hora, who also wrote a report of the clock where he mentioned Hanuš as the maker of this clock. This mistake, corrected by Zdeněk Horský,[3] was due to an incorrect interpretation of records from the period. The mistaken assumption that Hanuš was the maker is probably connected with his reconstruction of the Old Town Hall in the years 1470–1473. The clock stopped working many times in the centuries after 1552, and was repaired many times.
In 1629 or 1659 wooden statues were added, and figures of the Apostles were added after a major repair in 1787–1791. During the next major repair in the years 1865–1866 the golden figure of a crowing rooster was added.
The Orloj suffered heavy damage on May 7 and especially May 8, 1945, during the Prague Uprising, when the Nazis fired on the south-west side of the Old Town Square from several armoured vehicles in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy one of the centers of the uprising. The hall and nearby buildings burned along with the wooden sculptures on the clock and the calendar dial face made by Josef Mánes.[4] After significant effort, the machinery was repaired, the wooden Apostles restored by Vojtěch Sucharda, and the Orloj started working again in 1948.[5]
The Orloj was renovated in autumn 2005, when the statues and the lower calendar ring were restored. The wooden statues were covered with a net to keep pigeons away.
In July 2017, the Orloj was again being renovated. The work is expected to be finished by July 2018.[6]
600th anniversary[edit]
On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.[7]
605th anniversary[edit]
On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.[8][9]
2018 reconstruction[edit]
The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018.[10][11]
Astronomical dial[edit]
Functions noted
The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current state of the universe.
The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.
Stationary background[edit]
The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.
Written on the eastern (left) part of the horizon is aurora (dawn in Latin) and ortus (rising). On the western (right) part is occasus (sunset), and crepusculum (twilight).
Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.
Zodiacal ring[edit]
Astronomical dial
Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.
The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.
The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the sun gear and the moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.
Old Czech time scale[edit]
The clock tower on a Christmas night
At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time (or Italian hours), with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset.
Sun[edit]
The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:
The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.
The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.
The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.
Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine.
Moon[edit]
The moon sphere is seen showing approximately a half moon
The unique mechanism inside the Moon
The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster (due to the Moon's own orbit around the Earth). The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.
The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight (advancing 2 teeth per day). This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device (the construction of which was described in a report from 1570), this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase (about 1 day in 5 years)[12]
Animated figures[edit]
Moving figures
The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally there is a figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads, side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go."
There is also a presentation of statues of the Apostles at the doorways above the clock, with all twelve presented every hour.
Calendar[edit]
Calendar overview and detail
The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original is stored in the Prague City Museum.[13]
See also[edit]
Antikythera mechanism
Armillary sphere
Equation of time
Geocentric model
Horology
Orrery
Torquetum
References[edit]
Cited sources[edit]
Jump up ^ "Legends Of The Old Town Astronomical Clock". Prague City Line. Prague City Line. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Stručná historie Pražského orloje" (in Czech). Retrieved 9 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Horský, Poznávání vesmíru, 1962. with a copy of the documents from 1410.
Jump up ^ "Zničil orloj zásah z německého tanku?". Pražský orloj - The Prague Astronomical Clock. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Survey of the Reconstruction and Repairs of the Prague Astronomical Clock in the 19th and 20th Century, by Vaclav Heisler; Publisher: National Technical Museum; Praha; undated typescripts from mid-1990s; English translation from a Czech original
Jump up ^ Raymond Johnston. "Repairs starting on old town hall". Prague.tv.
Jump up ^ "Video mapping during 600 years anniversary of the astrological tower clock situated at Old Town Square in center of Prague". Retrieved 9 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Williams, Rhiannon (9 October 2015). "Prague astronomical clock, the oldest of its kind, is 605 years old". The Daily Telegraph. UK: Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "605th Anniversary of Prague astronomical clock". google.com.
Jump up ^ "Orloj na pražské Staroměstské radnici nahradila digitální obrazovka". iDNES.cz. 2018-03-15. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Rekonstrukce orloje se protáhne. Spuštěn bude až na konci října". Pražský deník (in Czech). 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
Jump up ^ Marušák, Stanislav. "Mysterious Moon". Pražský orloj - The Prague Astronomical Clock,. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Old Town Astronomical Clock". Prague City Line. Prague City Line. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
Other sources[edit]
Horský, Zdeněk (1988). Pražský orloj (in Czech). Prague: Panorama.
Malina, Jakub (2005). The Prague Horloge – A Guide to the History and Esoteric Concept of the Astronomical Clock in Prague, Series: Esoteric Prague. Prague: Eminent.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prague Astronomical Clock.
Official website
The Astronomical Clock of Prague – video with details about the clock on YouTube
Video of the clock's hourly chime on YouTube
The Kick Astronomical Clock of Prague Gypsynester
Orloj – 600th Anniversary Show
Animated explanation of the movements of the clock
Prague Astronomical clock simulator
Coordinates: 50°05′13.23″N 14°25′15.30″E / 50.0870083°N 14.4209167°E / 50.0870083; 14.4209167
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prague_astronomical_clock&oldid=845467240"
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Sarla Thakral
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Sarla Thakral
Sarla Thakral
Born
1914
New Delhi, India
Died
(2008-03-15)15 March 2008
Spouse(s)
P. D. Sharma , R.P Thakral
Sarla Thakral (1914 – 15 March 2008) was the first Indian woman to fly an aircraft.[1][2][3] Born in 1914, she earned an aviation pilot license in 1936 at the age of 21 and flew a Gypsy Moth solo. She had a four-year-old daughter. After obtaining the initial licence, she persevered and completed one thousand hours of flying in the aircraft owned by the Lahore Flying Club. Her husband P. D. Sharma[4] whom she married at 16 and comes from a family which had 9 pilots encouraged her to achieve it. While Sharma had been the first Indian to get his airmail pilot's license, flying between Karachi and Lahore; his wife would be first woman in India to attain her 'A’ license when she accumulated over 1000 hours of flying.[5]
Tragically, Captain Sharma died in an airplane crash in 1939. After some time, his young widow tried to apply to train for her commercial pilot license, but World War II had begun and civil training was suspended. With a child to raise, and needing to earn her livelihood, Thakral abandoned her plans to become a commercial pilot, returning to Lahore and attending the Mayo School of Art where she trained in the Bengal school of painting, obtaining a diploma in fine arts.
Thakral was a dedicated follower of the Arya Samaj, a spiritual community dedicated to following the teachings of the Vedas.[6] Within this community, remarriage was a possibility for Thakral.
After the Partition she moved to Delhi with her two daughters where she met her second husband R. P. Thakral and married him in 1948. Sarla, also known as Mati, became a successful businesswoman, painter and began designing clothes and costume jewellery.[5] She died in 2008.[7][8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "First National Pilot Licences: Sarla Thakral – India". Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. 2015-07-25. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Jump up ^ "Women's Day: Top 100 coolest women of all time: 72/100". CNN-IBN. 2011-03-08. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Jump up ^ "Down memory lane: First woman pilot recounts life story". NDTV. 2006-08-13. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Jump up ^ "In 1936, she was the first woman pilot to enter the cockpit in a saree!". NTDTV. 2017-09-16. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Ramachandran, Smriti Kak (2006-02-05). "Flying colours & ground reality". The Tribune. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Jump up ^ Kulkarni, Jayant (2009-11-25). "Remember Sarla Thakral's maiden flight of fancy". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Jump up ^ Chavan, Vivek (2007-10-17). "India's First women in air – India's first lady pilot – Sarla Thakral". Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Jump up ^ Austa, Sanjay (2003). "Sarla Thakral - India's First Lady Pilot - Still Flying High". Archived from the original on 2008-12-26. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarla_Thakral&oldid=815602799"
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Francis Ouimet
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Francis Ouimet
Ouimet in 1913
Personal information
Full name
Francis DeSales Ouimet
Born
(1893-05-08)May 8, 1893
Brookline, Massachusetts
Died
September 2, 1967(1967-09-02) (aged 74)
Newton, Massachusetts
Height
6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Weight
175 lb (79 kg; 12.5 st)
Nationality
United States
Spouse
Stella Sullivan (m. 1918–65)
Children
Janice, Barbara
Career
Status
Amateur
Professional wins
3
Best results in major championships
(wins: 3)
Masters Tournament
WD: 1941
U.S. Open
Won: 1913
The Open Championship
T56: 1914
PGA Championship
DNP
U.S. Amateur
Won: 1914, 1931
British Amateur
T3: 1923
Achievements and awards
World Golf Hall of Fame
1974 (member page)
Bob Jones Award
1955
Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open
Playoff participants Harry Vardon, Ouimet, and Ted Ray
Ouimet celebrating his victory with Eddie Lowery, his 10-year-old caddie with a white towel over his shoulders
Francis DeSales Ouimet (May 8, 1893 – September 2, 1967) was an American amateur golfer who is frequently referred to as the "father of amateur golf" in the United States. He won the U.S. Open in 1913 and was the first non-Briton elected Captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Golf career
2.1 1913 U.S. Open
2.2 Controversy resolved
2.3 Later achievements
3 Francis Ouimet Scholarship Fund
4 Depictions
5 Personal life
6 Tournament wins (27)
7 Major championships (3)
7.1 Professional wins (1)
7.2 Amateur wins (2)
7.3 Results timeline
7.4 Summary
8 U.S. national team appearances
9 See also
10 Further reading
11 References
11.1 Footnotes
11.2 General references
12 External links
Early life[edit]
Ouimet was born to Mary Ellen Burke and Arthur Ouimet in Brookline, Massachusetts, a suburb southwest of Boston. His father was a French-Canadian immigrant, and his mother was originally from Ireland. When Francis was four years old, his family purchased a house on Clyde Street in Brookline, directly across from the 17th hole of The Country Club. The Ouimet family grew up relatively poor and were near the bottom of the economic ladder, which was hardly the position of any American golfer at the time. As far as the general public was concerned, amateur golf was reserved for the wealthy, while professional golf provided competition and income for former caddies, prohibited by the USGA from caddying after the age of 16 or lose their amateur status.[3] Ouimet became interested in golf at an early age and started caddying at The Country Club at the age of 11. Using clubs from his brother and balls he found around the course, he taught himself to play. His game soon caught the eye of many country club members and caddie master Dan MacNamara. It wasn't long before Ouimet was the best high school golfer in the state. When he was a junior in high school, his father insisted that he drop out and do "something useful" with his life. Ouimet worked at a drygoods store before landing a job at a sporting goods store owned by future Baseball Hall of Famer George Wright.[3][4]
Golf career[edit]
1913 U.S. Open[edit]
In 1913, Ouimet won his first significant title at age 20, the Massachusetts Amateur, an event he won five more times. He participated in the U.S. Amateur at the Garden City Golf Club in Long Island, New York in early September, losing in the quarterfinals to the eventual champion, Jerome Travers. Soon after, he was asked personally by the president of the United States Golf Association, Robert Watson, if he would play in the national professional championship, the 1913 U.S. Open, which had been postponed to mid-September from its original June dates to allow for the participation of British golfers Harry Vardon and Ted Ray, both of Jersey.[5] Vardon had won the U.S. Open in 1900 and The Open Championship five times to that point. Ray had won the Open Championship in 1912. The 1913 event was played at the course Ouimet knew best, The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts. Ouimet originally declined to play, having just returned from an absence from work to play in the National Amateur. His participation in the Open was soon arranged, however, with the cooperation of his employer.
It was Ouimet's first appearance in the championship. Eddie Lowery was his ten year old caddie. After 72 holes of regulation play ended in a three-way tie, Ouimet, Vardon, and Ray engaged in an 18-hole playoff the next day in rainy conditions. Ouimet won the playoff at one-under-par for the day, beating Vardon by 5 strokes and Ray by 6.[6] His victory was widely hailed as a stunning upset over the strongly favored British, who were regarded as the top two golfers in the world. He was the first amateur to win the U.S. Open. The biggest crowds ever seen in American golf followed the playoff, and his achievement was front-page news across the country.
Ouimet's U.S. Open success is credited for bringing golf into the American sporting mainstream. Before his win over Vardon and Ray, golf was dominated by British players. In America, the sport was restricted to players with access to private facilities. There were very few public courses (the first, Van Cortlandt Golf Course in The Bronx borough of New York City, opened in 1895.) Ten years after his 1913 victory, the number of American players had tripled and many new courses had been built, including numerous public ones.
In 1963, WGBH-TV, Boston's public television station, aired an interview with Ouimet at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts, to mark the 50th anniversary of his win at the 1913 U.S. Open. The kinescope of that interview was included in the DVD of the Walt Disney film The Greatest Game Ever Played. Disney's film took artistic license, portraying the win as having been by a single stroke when, in reality, Ouimet won by five strokes.
Controversy resolved[edit]
Ouimet never turned professional;[1] he wished to remain an amateur for his whole career, as he decided before his U.S. Open success that he wanted to work in the world of business. In 1916, however, the USGA, in one of the most controversial decisions in their history, stripped Ouimet of his amateur status. Its reasoning was that he was using his celebrity to aid his own sporting goods business and was therefore making a living from golf. This was at the time when caddies were not allowed to continue caddying after they reached the age of 16, unless they declared themselves professionals. The decision was greeted with uproar from Ouimet's fellow golfers. In 1918, Ouimet enlisted in the U.S. Army and rose to the rank of lieutenant. After the war, the USGA quietly reinstated his amateur status. Ouimet did not bear a grudge against the USGA and served on several committees. He was also a golf member of Charles River Country Club in Newton Centre, and was a member of the Woodland Golf Club of Auburndale.
Ouimet won his second U.S. Amateur in 1931.[1] During the 1920s, he lost several close matches to Bobby Jones, who dominated amateur golf for that decade.
Later achievements[edit]
Ouimet won the U.S. Amateur twice (1914 and 1931).[7] He played on the first eight Walker Cup Teams and was Captain of the next four for a team record of 11-1. In 1951, he became the first non-Briton elected Captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and in 1955 was the first-ever winner of the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the USGA, in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. Ouimet has been named to many golf halls of fame and has a room named after him in the USGA Museum.
Two other aspects of Ouimet's golf career are important: He used the overlapping grip to hold the club and was among the first top players to use this method. He very likely used the grip to emulate Vardon, who often is credited with developing the grip. Many great golf champions since have used this technique. The method is named for the "overlapping' of the little finger of the bottom hand between the forefinger and middle finger of the top hand. Ouimet mentored and encouraged the young Gene Sarazen, who developed into one of golf's greatest champions.[8]
Francis Ouimet Scholarship Fund[edit]
In 1949, a group of Ouimet's friends started a scholarship in his honor, naming it the Francis Ouimet Scholarship Fund.[1] The scholarship was created to give college scholarship aid to young people who worked as caddies at clubs in Massachusetts. The inaugural class had 13 scholars who received a total of $4,600. Since then more than 5,100 students have been selected as Ouimet Scholars, receiving more than $26 million in need-based college tuition assistance. Today's requirements state that young people who have given at least two years of service to golf as caddies or worked in a pro shop or in course superintendent operations in Massachusetts are eligible to receive the Scholarship.
The Ouimet Fund is the second largest caddie scholarship in the U.S. and the largest independent scholarship fund in Massachusetts. Students must go through a rigorous application and interview process before being selected as a Ouimet Scholar. Once selected, students may attend any school they wish, which is one of the major differences between the Ouimet Fund and the Evans Fund, the other major caddie fund in the U.S. Since the Ouimet Fund is a need-based scholarship, awards can range anywhere from a few thousand dollars to $30,000 or more over four years.
The Francis Ouimet Award for Lifelong Contributions to Golf was first presented in 1997 and is presented annually at the Francis Ouimet Scholarship Fund's banquet. Past winners include Arnold Palmer (1997), Peter Jacobsen (2006), Jack Nicklaus (2007), and Annika Sörenstam (2010).[9]
Depictions[edit]
In 1988 a portrait of Ouimet appeared on a commemorative 25-cent United States Postal Service postage stamp in his honor.[10]
In 2002, Mark Frost wrote a biographical account of Ouimet's U.S. Open victory titled The Greatest Game Ever Played: Harry Vardon, Francis Ouimet, and the Birth of Modern Golf. Shortly afterward, Frost was tapped by Walt Disney Studios to write a motion picture adaptation. The Greatest Game Ever Played was released in theaters in 2005. The film starred Shia LaBeouf as Ouimet and was directed by Bill Paxton and produced by Larry Brezner.
Appearing on the cover of The Greatest Game is a photograph of Ouimet at the U.S. Open with his ten-year-old caddie, Eddie Lowery. This iconic image is one of the best known in American golf and was used as the logo for the United States Golf Association's Centennial celebrations. A statue of Ouimet and Lowery based on the photograph stands in Brookline, Massachusetts, and at the World Golf Hall of Fame in St. Augustine, Florida.
Oddly enough, a street is named after Ouimet in Greenside, Johannesburg, South Africa, close to the Parkview Golf Course. A number of adjacent streets are also named after golfers,[11] although the street in Johannesburg is named Quimet Street. How the misspelling occurred is not known. The street is still sometimes pronounced (correctly) without the Q, while it is also sometimes pronounced in the French way (Wee-May).
Personal life[edit]
Ouimet aspired to become a businessman to elevate himself into the middle class. The life of a professional golfer at that time did not offer an avenue to reach that goal. Within ten years of his U.S. Open victory, Ouimet had started to work as a banker and eventually a stock broker, which had always been his intention. He culminated his business career as a customer's financial advisor at Brown Brothers Harriman.
He married Stella M. Sullivan on September 11, 1918.[12] They had two daughters: Janice Salvi and Barbara McLean.
Ouimet died in Newton, Massachusetts, on September 2, 1967, at age 74.[13]
Tournament wins (27)[edit]
1909 Boston Interscholastic
1910 Boston Interscholastic, Woodland Golf Club Open
1912 The Country Club Cup, Allston Golf Club Open Championship
1913 U.S. Open, Massachusetts Amateur, Meadow Brook Golf Club Open
1914 U.S. Amateur, Massachusetts Amateur, French Amateur
1915 Massachusetts Amateur, Baltimore Country Club Spring Invitational
1917 Western Amateur
1919 Massachusetts Amateur
1920 North and South Amateur
1922 Massachusetts Amateur, Houston Invitational
1923 St. George's Challenge
1924 Crump Memorial
1925 Massachusetts Amateur, Gold Mashie Tournament, Bermuda Handicap Tourney at Riddle's Bay
1927 Crump Memorial
1931 U.S. Amateur
1932 Massachusetts Open
1934 Boston Open
Professional and amateur majors shown in bold.
Major championships (3)[edit]
Professional wins (1)[edit]
Year
Championship
54 holes
Winning score
Margin
Runners-up
1913 U.S. Open Tied for lead +12 (77-74-74-79=304) Playoff 1 Harry Vardon, Ted Ray
1 Defeated Vardon and Ray in an 18-hole playoff – Ouimet 72 (−1), Vardon 77 (+4), Ray 78 (+5)
Amateur wins (2)[edit]
Year
Championship
Winning score
Runner-up
1914 U.S. Amateur 6 & 5 Jerome Travers
1931 U.S. Amateur 6 & 5 Jack Westland
Results timeline[edit]
As an amateur, Ouimet could not play in the PGA Championship.
Tournament
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
U.S. Open DNP DNP DNP 1 LA T5 T35 DNP NT NT T18
The Open Championship DNP DNP DNP DNP T56 NT NT NT NT NT
U.S. Amateur DNQ DNQ DNQ R16 1 R16 DNP NT NT QF
The Amateur Championship DNP DNP DNP DNP R128 NT NT NT NT NT
Tournament
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
U.S. Open DNP DNP DNP T29 DNP T3 DNP DNP DNP DNP
The Open Championship DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP
U.S. Amateur 2 R16 M R16 SF SF DNQ SF SF R32 SF
The Amateur Championship DNP R128 DNP SF DNP DNP R64 DNP DNP DNP
Tournament
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
Masters Tournament NYF NYF NYF NYF DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP
U.S. Open DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP
The Open Championship DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP DNP
U.S. Amateur R32 1 SF DNP R256 R256 R64 WD DNP DNQ
The Amateur Championship R32 DNP DNP DNP R256 DNP DNP DNP R64 DNP
Tournament
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
Masters Tournament DNP WD DNP NT NT NT DNP DNP DNP DNP
U.S. Open DNP DNP NT NT NT NT DNP DNP DNP DNP
The Open Championship NT NT NT NT NT NT DNP DNP DNP DNP
U.S. Amateur DNQ DNP NT NT NT NT DNP DNP DNP DNP
The Amateur Championship NT NT NT NT NT NT DNP R32 DNP R128
Tournament
1950
Masters Tournament DNP
U.S. Open DNP
The Open Championship DNP
U.S. Amateur DNP
The Amateur Championship R128
M = Medalist
LA = Low amateur
NYF = Tournament not yet founded
NT = No tournament
DNP = Did not play
WD = Withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place
DNQ = Did not qualify for match play portion
R256, R128, R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play
Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10
Summary[edit]
Tournament
Wins
2nd
3rd
Top-5
Top-10
Top-25
Events
Cuts made
Masters Tournament 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -
U.S. Open 1 0 1 3 3 4 6 -
The Open Championship 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -
U.S. Amateur 2 1 6 10 14 16 26 19
The Amateur Championship 0 0 1 1 1 3 10 -
Totals
3
1
8
14
18
23
44
19
Most consecutive cuts made – 9 (1913 U.S. Amateur – 1924 U.S. Amateur)
Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (1921 U.S. Amateur – 1923 The Amateur Championship, 1923 U.S. Amateur – 1925 U.S. Open)
U.S. national team appearances[edit]
Amateur
Walker Cup: 1922 (winners), 1923 (winners), 1924 (winners), 1926 (winners), 1928 (winners), 1930 (winners), 1932 (winners, playing captain), 1934 (winners, playing captain), 1936 (winners, non-playing captain), 1938 (non-playing captain), 1947 (winners, non-playing captain), 1949 (winners, non-playing captain)
See also[edit]
List of Caddie Hall of Fame inductees
Further reading[edit]
Gibson, Nevin H. The Encyclopedia of Golf (A.S. Barnes & Company, 1958)
Frost, Mark The Greatest Game Ever Played: Harry Vardon, Francis Ouimet, and the Birth of Modern Golf (Hyperion, 2002)
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kelley, Brent. "Francis Ouimet bio". About.com. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Duca, Rob. "America's triumph: Remembering a legend". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on December 15, 2000. Retrieved December 12, 2007. The year was 1913. He was a young man of modest means, but he shook up the exclusive world of golf.
^ Jump up to: a b Brookline Amateur Wins U.S. Open
Jump up ^ Frost, Mark The Greatest Game Ever Played: Harry Vardon, Francis Ouimet, and the Birth of Modern Golf (Hyperion, 2002)
Jump up ^ Francis D. Ouimet profile at www.hickoksports.com
Jump up ^ "Ouimet Ties Great English Golfers. Twenty-Year-Old Schoolboy's Wonderful Performance in National Open Golf". New York Times. September 20, 1913. Retrieved January 2, 2011. An American youth, Francis Ouimet, a stripling scarcely out of his teens, carved a niche for himself in international sporting history here to-day when he tied with England's famous professional golfers, Harry Vardon and Edward Ray, in the final round of the national open championship.
Jump up ^ "Ouimet's Aged Mother Is Happy, But His Health Is First Thought. New Golf Champion's 70-Year-Old Parent Hopeful That Her Son Did Not Tax His Strength--Tells How He Swang at Stones With Home-Made Clubs at 4". New York Times. September 6, 1931. Retrieved January 3, 2011. To the rest of the world Francis Ouimet is a battle-scarred veteran, who returned from a golfers' Valhalla to win another national amateur championship, but to his sweet-faced ...
Jump up ^ The Greatest Game Ever Played: Harry Vardon, Francis Ouimet, and the Birth of Modern Golf, by Mark Frost, 2003; Gettin' to the Dance Floor: An Oral History of American Golf, chapter on Sarazen, by Al Barkow, 1986
Jump up ^ "Marblehead's Lynch tabbed for prestigious award". North Shore Golf Blog. April 10, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Scott catalog # 2377.
Jump up ^ The Story Behind Greensides Road Names at heritageportal.co.za
Jump up ^ "Francis Ouimet Marries". New York Times. September 12, 1918. Retrieved January 3, 2011. Lieutenant Francis Ouimet, former amateur national golf champion, and Stella Sullivan were married in Boston ...
Jump up ^ "Francis Ouimet, Golfer, Is Dead; First Amateur to Win U.S. Open; Gardener's Son Who Won in 1913 Showed Sport Wasn't Only for the Affluent". United Press International. September 2, 1967. Retrieved October 18, 2010. Francis D. Ouimet, who amazed the sports world 54 years ago by upsetting Britain's two greatest golfers to win the United States Open, died today. He was 74 years old.
General references[edit]
Source for U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur: USGA Championship Database
Source for 1914 British Open: www.theopen.com
Source for 1914 British Amateur: Golf Illustrated, July, 1914, pgs. 22-34.
Source for 1921 British Amateur: The American Golfer, June 4, 1921, pg. 24.
Source for 1923 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July, 1923, pgs. 48 & 50.
Source for 1926 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July, 1926, pg. 58.
Source for 1930 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, May 30, 1930, pg. 13.
Source for 1934 British Amateur: The American Golfer, July, 1934, pg. 16.
Source for 1938 British Amateur: TIME Magazine, June 6, 1938
Source for 1941 Masters: www.masters.com
Source for 1947 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, May 30, 1947, pg. 5.
Source for 1949 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, May 25, 1949, pg. 2.
Source for 1950 British Amateur: The Glasgow Herald, May 25, 1950, pg. 9.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis Ouimet.
Francis Ouimet Biography from the Francis Ouimet Scholarship Fund
World Golf Hall of Fame profile
1913 U.S. Open by Bernard Darwin
Electronic Resources From SoHG Archives
Hagen Swing Sequences – Brassie, Iron and Putt From SoHG Master Classes
Francis Ouimet at Find a Grave
[show]
v
t
e
U.S. Open champions
1895 Horace Rawlins
1896 James Foulis
1897 Joe Lloyd
1898 Fred Herd
1899 Willie Smith
1900 Harry Vardon
1901 Willie Anderson†
1902 Laurie Auchterlonie
1903 Willie Anderson†
1904 Willie Anderson
1905 Willie Anderson
1906 Alex Smith
1907 Alec Ross
1908 Fred McLeod†
1909 George Sargent
1910 Alex Smith†
1911 John McDermott†
1912 John McDermott
1913 Francis Ouimet#†
1914‡ Walter Hagen
1915 Jerome Travers#
1916 Chick Evans#
1917–18 Cancelled due to World War I
1919 Walter Hagen†
1920 Ted Ray
1921‡ Jim Barnes
1922 Gene Sarazen
1923 Bobby Jones#†
1924 Cyril Walker
1925 Willie Macfarlane†
1926 Bobby Jones#
1927 Tommy Armour†
1928 Johnny Farrell†
1929 Bobby Jones#†
1930 Bobby Jones#
1931 Billy Burke†
1932 Gene Sarazen
1933 Johnny Goodman#
1934 Olin Dutra
1935 Sam Parks, Jr.
1936 Tony Manero
1937 Ralph Guldahl
1938 Ralph Guldahl
1939 Byron Nelson†
1940 Lawson Little†
1941 Craig Wood
1942–45 Cancelled due to World War II
1946 Lloyd Mangrum†
1947 Lew Worsham†
1948 Ben Hogan
1949 Cary Middlecoff
1950 Ben Hogan†
1951 Ben Hogan
1952 Julius Boros
1953‡ Ben Hogan
1954 Ed Furgol
1955 Jack Fleck†
1956 Cary Middlecoff
1957 Dick Mayer†
1958 Tommy Bolt
1959 Billy Casper
1960 Arnold Palmer
1961 Gene Littler
1962 Jack Nicklaus†
1963 Julius Boros†
1964 Ken Venturi
1965 Gary Player†
1966 Billy Casper†
1967 Jack Nicklaus
1968 Lee Trevino
1969 Orville Moody
1970‡ Tony Jacklin
1971 Lee Trevino†
1972 Jack Nicklaus
1973 Johnny Miller
1974 Hale Irwin
1975 Lou Graham†
1976 Jerry Pate
1977 Hubert Green
1978 Andy North
1979 Hale Irwin
1980 Jack Nicklaus
1981 David Graham
1982 Tom Watson
1983 Larry Nelson
1984 Fuzzy Zoeller†
1985 Andy North
1986 Raymond Floyd
1987 Scott Simpson
1988 Curtis Strange†
1989 Curtis Strange
1990 Hale Irwin†
1991 Payne Stewart†
1992 Tom Kite
1993 Lee Janzen
1994 Ernie Els†
1995 Corey Pavin
1996 Steve Jones
1997 Ernie Els
1998 Lee Janzen
1999 Payne Stewart
2000‡ Tiger Woods
2001 Retief Goosen†
2002‡ Tiger Woods
2003 Jim Furyk
2004 Retief Goosen
2005 Michael Campbell
2006 Geoff Ogilvy
2007 Ángel Cabrera
2008 Tiger Woods†
2009 Lucas Glover
2010 Graeme McDowell
2011‡ Rory McIlroy
2012 Webb Simpson
2013 Justin Rose
2014‡ Martin Kaymer
2015 Jordan Spieth
2016 Dustin Johnson
2017 Brooks Koepka
† indicates the event was won in a playoff;
‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire;
# indicates the event was won by an amateur
[show]
v
t
e
U.S. Amateur champions
1895 Charles B. Macdonald
1896 H. J. Whigham
1897 H. J. Whigham
1898 Findlay S. Douglas
1899 Herbert M. Harriman
1900 Walter Travis
1901 Walter Travis
1902 Louis N. James
1903 Walter Travis
1904 Chandler Egan
1905 Chandler Egan
1906 Eben Byers
1907 Jerome Travers
1908 Jerome Travers
1909 Robert A. Gardner
1910 William C. Fownes Jr.
1911 Harold Hilton†
1912 Jerome Travers
1913 Jerome Travers
1914 Francis Ouimet
1915 Robert A. Gardner
1916 Chick Evans
1917–18 Cancelled due to World War I
1919 S. Davidson Herron
1920 Chick Evans
1921 Jesse P. Guilford
1922 Jess Sweetser
1923 Max R. Marston†
1924 Bobby Jones
1925 Bobby Jones
1926 George Von Elm
1927 Bobby Jones
1928 Bobby Jones
1929 Harrison R. Johnston
1930 Bobby Jones
1931 Francis Ouimet
1932 Ross Somerville
1933 George Dunlap
1934 Lawson Little
1935 Lawson Little
1936 John Fischer†
1937 Johnny Goodman
1938 Willie Turnesa
1939 Bud Ward
1940 Dick Chapman
1941 Bud Ward
1942–45 Cancelled due to World War II
1946 Ted Bishop†
1947 Skee Riegel
1948 Willie Turnesa
1949 Charles Coe
1950 Sam Urzetta†
1951 Billy Maxwell
1952 Jack Westland
1953 Gene Littler
1954 Arnold Palmer
1955 Harvie Ward
1956 Harvie Ward
1957 Hillman Robbins
1958 Charles Coe
1959 Jack Nicklaus
1960 Deane Beman
1961 Jack Nicklaus
1962 Labron Harris Jr.
1963 Deane Beman
1964 William C. Campbell
1965 Bob Murphy
1966 Gary Cowan†
1967 Bob Dickson
1968 Bruce Fleisher
1969 Steve Melnyk
1970 Lanny Wadkins
1971 Gary Cowan
1972 Vinny Giles
1973 Craig Stadler
1974 Jerry Pate
1975 Fred Ridley
1976 Bill Sander
1977 John Fought
1978 John Cook
1979 Mark O'Meara
1980 Hal Sutton
1981 Nathaniel Crosby
1982 Jay Sigel
1983 Jay Sigel
1984 Scott Verplank
1985 Sam Randolph
1986 Buddy Alexander
1987 Billy Mayfair
1988 Eric Meeks
1989 Chris Patton
1990 Phil Mickelson
1991 Mitch Voges
1992 Justin Leonard
1993 John Harris
1994 Tiger Woods
1995 Tiger Woods
1996 Tiger Woods†
1997 Matt Kuchar
1998 Hank Kuehne
1999 David Gossett
2000 Jeff Quinney†
2001 Bubba Dickerson
2002 Ricky Barnes
2003 Nick Flanagan†
2004 Ryan Moore
2005 Edoardo Molinari
2006 Richie Ramsay
2007 Colt Knost
2008 Danny Lee
2009 An Byeong-hun
2010 Peter Uihlein
2011 Kelly Kraft
2012 Steven Fox†
2013 Matthew Fitzpatrick
2014 Gunn Yang
2015 Bryson DeChambeau
2016 Curtis Luck
2017 Doc Redman
† indicates the event was won in a playoff
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 1835417
LCCN: n2002103662
ISNI: 0000 0000 5562 9309
BNF: cb149778954 (data)
IATH: w6959zkz
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Ouimet&oldid=803929449"
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Burials at Holyhood Cemetery (Brookline)
1893 births
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This page was last edited on 5 October 2017, at 15:46.
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