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List of FIFA World Cup finals
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For a list of FIFA Women's World Cup finals, see List of FIFA Women's World Cup finals.
List of FIFA World Cup finals
France celebrating after their win against Croatia in the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
Founded
1930
Region
International (FIFA)
Number of teams
204 (qualifiers)
32 (finals)
Current champions
France (2nd title)
Most successful team(s)
Brazil (5 titles)
The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Russia in 2018, was won by France, who beat Croatia 4–2 in regulation time.
The World Cup final match is the last of the competition, and the result determines which country is declared world champions. If after 90 minutes of regular play the score is a draw, an additional 30-minute period of play, called extra time, is added. If such a game is still tied after extra time, it is then decided by a penalty shoot-out. The team winning the penalty shoot-out are then declared champions.[1] The tournament has been decided by a one-off match on every occasion except 1950, when the tournament winner was decided by a final round-robin group contested by four teams (Uruguay, Brazil, Sweden, and Spain). Uruguay's 2–1 victory over Brazil was the decisive match (and one of the last two matches of the tournament) which put them ahead on points and ensured that they finished top of the group as world champions. Therefore, this match is regarded by FIFA as the de facto final of the 1950 World Cup.[2]
In the 21 tournaments held, 79 nations have appeared at least once. Of these, 13 have made it to the final match, and eight have won.[n 1] With five titles, Brazil is the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have participated in every World Cup finals tournament.[4] Italy and Germany have four titles. Current champion France, along with past champions Uruguay and Argentina, have two titles each, while England and Spain have one each. The team that wins the finals receive the FIFA World Cup Trophy, and their name is engraved on the bottom side of the trophy.[5]
The 1970 and 1994, along with the 1986, 1990 and 2014 games are to date the only matches competed by the same teams (Brazil–Italy and Argentina–Germany respectively). As of 2018, the 1934 final[n 2] remains the latest final to have been between two teams playing their first final. The final match of the most recent tournament in Russia took place at the country's biggest sports complex, the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow.[6] The 1930 and the 1966 games are the only ones that did not take place on a Sunday. The former did on a Wednesday and the latter on a Saturday. As of 2018, only nations from Europe and South America have competed in a World Cup final. Six nations have won the final as host: Uruguay, Italy, England, Germany, Argentina and France. Two nations have lost the final as host: Brazil and Sweden.
Contents
1 List of finals
2 Results
3 Footnotes
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
List of finals[edit]
1930
1978
1950, 2014
1962
1966
1938, 1998
2006
1934, 1990
2002
1970, 1986
2010
1982
1958
1954
1994
1974
2018
2022
Locations of FIFA World Cup finals
Key to the list of finals
Match was won during extra time
Match was won on a penalty shoot-out
The "Year" column refers to the year the World Cup was held, and wikilinks to the article about that tournament. The wikilinks in the "Final score" column point to the article about that tournament's final game. Links in the "Winners" and "Runners-up" columns point to the articles for the national football teams of the countries, not the articles for the countries.
List of finals matches, their venues and locations, the finalists, and final scores
Year
Winners
Final score[2]
Runners-up
Venue
Location
Attendance
References
1930
Uruguay 4–2 Argentina Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay 80,000 [7][8]
1934
Italy 2–1
[n 3] Czechoslovakia Stadio Nazionale PNF Rome, Italy 50,000 [9][10]
1938
Italy 4–2 Hungary Stade Olympique de Colombes Paris, France 45,000 [11][12]
1950[n 4]
Uruguay 2–1
[n 5] Brazil Estádio do Maracanã Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 199,854[13] [14][15]
1954
West Germany 3–2 Hungary Wankdorf Stadium Bern, Switzerland 60,000 [16][17]
1958
Brazil 5–2 Sweden Råsunda Stadium Solna, Sweden 51,800 [18][19]
1962
Brazil 3–1 Czechoslovakia Estadio Nacional Santiago, Chile 69,000 [20][21]
1966
England 4–2
[n 6] West Germany Wembley Stadium London, England 93,000 [22][23]
1970
Brazil 4–1 Italy Estadio Azteca Mexico City, Mexico 107,412 [24][25]
1974
West Germany 2–1 Netherlands Olympiastadion Munich, West Germany 75,200 [26][27]
1978
Argentina 3–1
[n 7] Netherlands Estadio Monumental Buenos Aires, Argentina 71,483 [28][29]
1982
Italy 3–1 West Germany Santiago Bernabéu Madrid, Spain 90,000 [30][31]
1986
Argentina 3–2 West Germany Estadio Azteca Mexico City, Mexico 114,600 [32][33]
1990
West Germany 1–0 Argentina Stadio Olimpico Rome, Italy 73,603 [34][35]
1994
Brazil 0–0
[n 8] Italy Rose Bowl Pasadena, United States 94,194 [36][37]
1998
France 3–0 Brazil Stade de France Saint-Denis, France 80,000 [38][39]
2002
Brazil 2–0 Germany International Stadium Yokohama, Japan 69,029 [40][41]
2006
Italy 1–1
[n 9] France Olympiastadion Berlin, Germany 69,000 [42][43]
2010
Spain 1–0
[n 10] Netherlands Soccer City Johannesburg, South Africa 84,490 [44][45]
2014
Germany 1–0
[n 11] Argentina Estádio do Maracanã Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 74,738 [46][47]
2018
France 4–2 Croatia Luzhniki Stadium Moscow, Russia 78,011
Upcoming finals
Year
Team 1
v
Team 2
Venue
Location
Attendance
References
2022
Lusail Iconic Stadium Lusail, Qatar
2026
TBD United States
Results[edit]
Map of winning countries
Results by nation
National team
Wins
Runners-up
Total finals
Years won
Years runners-up
Brazil 5 2 7 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002 1950, 1998
Germany 4 4 8 1954, 1974, 1990, 2014 1966, 1982, 1986, 2002
Italy 4 2 6 1934, 1938, 1982, 2006 1970, 1994
Argentina 2 3 5 1978, 1986 1930, 1990, 2014
France 2 1 3 1998, 2018 2006
Uruguay 2 0 2 1930, 1950 –
England 1 0 1 1966 –
Spain 1 0 1 2010 –
Netherlands 0 3 3 – 1974, 1978, 2010
Czechoslovakia 0 2 2 – 1934, 1962
Hungary 0 2 2 – 1938, 1954
Sweden 0 1 1 – 1958
Croatia 0 1 1 – 2018
Results by confederation
Confederation
Appearances
Winners
Runners-up
UEFA
28 12 16
CONMEBOL
14 9 5
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ This follows FIFA's consideration that the national teams of West Germany/Germany, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, and USSR/Russia are combined respectively for record-keeping.[3]
Jump up ^ Technically the 1958 final was also between two first timers, but Brazil's 1950 group game defeat is generally counted as a previous "final" appearance for the team.
Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[9][10]
Jump up ^ The 1950 FIFA World Cup did not have a final, rather, the tournament was decided by a 4-team round robin phase.
Jump up ^ Not the final but the decisive match of the final group stage.
Jump up ^ Score was 2–2 after 90 minutes.[22][23]
Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[28][29]
Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 120 minutes. Brazil won 3–2 on penalties.[36][37]
Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 120 minutes. Italy won 5–3 on penalties.[42][43]
Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[44][45]
Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[46][47]
See also[edit]
List of FIFA World Cup opening matches
FIFA World Cup referees
References[edit]
Book: FIFA World Cup
General
"World Cup 1930–2014". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). 17 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Laws of the Game" (PDF). FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 9 February 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "FIFA World Cup Finals since 1930" (PDF). FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 3 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "All-time FIFA World Cup Ranking 1930-2010" (PDF). FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "World Cup Spotlight on Brazil". CNN. Retrieved 29 January 2007.
Jump up ^ "Taça da Copa do Mundo chega ao Brasil (World Cup trophy arrives in Brazil)". Globo TV. 21 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/11174070/Russias-Luzhniki-Stadium-ahead-of-schedule-for-2018-World-Cup-Final.html
Jump up ^ "1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Uruguay 1930". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "1934 FIFA World Cup Italy". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup history – Italy 1934". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1938 FIFA World Cup France". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – France 1938". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Janela, Mike (June 12, 2018). "World Cup Rewind: Largest attendance at a match in the 1950 Brazil final". Guinness World Records. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "1950 FIFA World Cup Brazil". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Brazil 1950". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1954 FIFA World Cup Switzerland". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Switzerland 1954". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1958 FIFA World Cup Sweden". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Sweden 1958". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1962 FIFA World Cup Chile". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Chile 1962". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "1966 FIFA World Cup England". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup history – England 1966". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1970 FIFA World Cup Mexico". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Mexico 1970". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1974 FIFA World Cup Germany". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – West Germany 1974". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "1978 FIFA World Cup Argentina". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup history – Argentina 1978". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1982 FIFA World Cup Spain". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 30 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Spain 1982". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Mexico 1986". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1990 FIFA World Cup Italy". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Italy 1990". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "1994 FIFA World Cup USA". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup history – USA 1994". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "1998 FIFA World Cup France". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – France 1998". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 30 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Cup history – Japan & South Korea 2002". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "2006 FIFA World Cup Germany". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Zidane off as Italy win World Cup". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 12 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Netherlands 0–1 Spain (aet)". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 12 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Estadio Do Maracana, Rio de Janeiro". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). 18 January 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b McNulty, Phil (13 July 2014). "Germany 1–0 Argentina". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
External links[edit]
Official website
show
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FIFA World Cup champions
1930: Uruguay
1934: Italy
1938: Italy
1950: Uruguay
1954: West Germany
1958: Brazil
1962: Brazil
1966: England
1970: Brazil
1974: West Germany
1978: Argentina
1982: Italy
1986: Argentina
1990: West Germany
1994: Brazil
1998: France
2002: Brazil
2006: Italy
2010: Spain
2014: Germany
2018: France
show
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FIFA World Cup
Tournaments
Uruguay 1930
Italy 1934
France 1938
Brazil 1950
Switzerland 1954
Sweden 1958
Chile 1962
England 1966
Mexico 1970
West Germany 1974
Argentina 1978
Spain 1982
Mexico 1986
Italy 1990
United States 1994
France 1998
South Korea–Japan 2002
Germany 2006
South Africa 2010
Brazil 2014
Russia 2018
Qatar 2022
Canada–Mexico–United States 2026
2030
2034
Qualification
1930
1934
1938
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Finals
1930
1934
1938
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Squads
1930
1934
1938
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Seedings
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Broadcasters
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Bids
2014
2018 and 2022
2026
2030
Statistics
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Disciplinary record
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Team appearances
AFC
CAF
CONCACAF
CONMEBOL
OFC
UEFA
Teams with no appearances
Overall records
All-time table
Goalscorers
top goalscorers
finals goalscorers
hat-tricks
own goals
Penalty shoot-outs
Player appearances
Red cards
Referees
Winners
Miscellaneous
Openings
Stadiums
Awards
Balls
Economics
Final draw
History
Hosts
Mascots
Official films
Official anthems & songs
Organisers
Trophy
Video games
Notes: There was no qualification for the 1930 World Cup as places were given by invitation only. In 1950, there was no final; the article is about the decisive match of the final group stage.
show
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FIFA World Cup Final venues
Estadio Centenario (1930)
Stadio Nazionale PNF (1934)
Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir (1938)
Maracanã Stadium (1950)
Wankdorf Stadium (1954)
Råsunda Stadium (1958)
Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos (1962)
Wembley Stadium (1966)
Estadio Azteca (1970)
Olympiastadion (1974)
Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti (1978)
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium (1982)
Estadio Azteca (1986)
Stadio Olimpico (1990)
Rose Bowl (1994)
Stade de France (1998)
International Stadium Yokohama (2002)
Olympiastadion (2006)
FNB Stadium (2010)
Maracanã Stadium (2014)
Luzhniki Stadium (2018)
Lusail Iconic Stadium (2022)
TBA (2026)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_finals&oldid=854075621"
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For the television special, see Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (film).
Sleeve of The Carpenters' 1974 cover of the Gillespie and Coots standard
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town"[1] is a Christmas song, written by John Frederick Coots and Haven Gillespie and was first sung on Eddie Cantor's radio show in November 1934. It became an instant hit with orders for 500,000 copies of sheet music and more than 30,000 records sold within 24 hours.[2][3] The version for Bluebird Records by George Hall and His Orchestra (vocal by Sonny Schuyler) was very popular in 1934 and reached the various charts of the day.[4] The song has been recorded by over 200 artists, including Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters, The Crystals, Mariah Carey, Bruce Springsteen, Frank Sinatra and The Jackson 5.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Melody and lyrics
2 Recordings
2.1 1950s and 1960s
2.2 1970s to 1990s
2.3 2000 and after
3 References
4 External links
Melody and lyrics[edit]
Haven Gillespie's lyrics begin "You'd better watch out, you'd better not cry / You'd better not pout, I'm telling you why / Santa Claus is coming to town".
Recordings[edit]
The earliest known recorded version of the song was by banjoist Harry Reser and his band on October 24, 1934 (Decca 264A)[6] featuring Tom Stacks on vocal, the version shown in the Variety charts of December 1934. The song was a sheet music hit, reaching number 1. The song was also recorded for Victor Records (catalog No. 25145A) on September 26, 1935 by Tommy Dorsey & His Orchestra with vocals by Cliff Weston and Edythe Wright.[7]
The song is a traditional Christmas standard and has been covered by numerous recording artists. Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters reached the Billboard charts briefly in 1947[8] with it.
1950s and 1960s[edit]
The 1951 version by Perry Como was popular; Gene Autry, the country-western artist, recorded a Christmas album with this title and featuring the song in 1953; and in 1963 the Four Seasons version charted at number 23 on Billboard. Also in 1963 producer Phil Spector included a version of the song on his rock album "A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector" performed by The Crystals.[9] In 1970, Rankin-Bass produced Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town, an hour-long animated TV film based on the song, with Fred Astaire narrating the origin of Santa Claus.
1970s to 1990s[edit]
In 1970 The Jackson 5 included the song on their best-selling album Jackson 5 Christmas Album. The Carpenters released the song as a single in 1974. A rock version by Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band inspired by the Crystals 1963 version, was recorded live at C. W. Post College in Brookville, New York on December 12, 1975. This live version borrows the chorus refrain from the 1963 version by The Crystals.[10] This version was eventually released first in 1982 as part of the Sesame Street compilation album In Harmony 2, and again in 1985 as a B-side to "My Hometown", a single from the Born in the U.S.A. album.[11] Springsteen's rendition of the song has received radio airplay perennially at Christmastime for years; it appeared on Billboard magazine's Hot Singles Recurrents chart each year from 2002 to 2009 due to seasonal air play.[citation needed] Live performances of the song often saw the band encouraging the audience to sing some of the lyrics with—or in place of—the band's vocalists (usually the line "you'd better be good for goodness sake", and occasionally the key line "Santa Claus is Comin' to Town" as well). Sometimes, concert crowds would sing along with the entire song, and the band would do nothing to dissuade those audiences from doing so. This version remains a Springsteen concert favorite during the months of November and December, and the band is among the few that keep it in their roster of songs during the holidays.[citation needed] Other well-known versions of this song include Mariah Carey from the album Merry Christmas (1994).[12]
2000 and after[edit]
Luis Miguel recorded the song in Spanish as "Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad" for his Christmas album Navidades (2006).[13] His version of the song peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs chart.[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town Composed by Haven Gillespie / J. Fred Coots". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Collins, Ace (2010-10-05). Stories Behind the Greatest Hits of Christmas. ISBN 9780310597476. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Collins, Ace (5 October 2010). "4 Santa Claus Is Coming to Town". Stories Behind the Greatest Hits of Christmas. Zondervan. p. 224. ISBN 0310327954. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 189. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ The Richest Songs in The World (Television production). BBC. 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Online Discographical Project". 78discography.com. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Online Discographical Project". 78discography.com. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 113. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Eighth Edition. Record Research. p. 237.
Jump up ^ Times, Music (20 December 2013). "12 Days of Christmas: 4 Best Versions of 'Santa Claus Is Coming To Town'".
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Rock Roll Christmas Songs Pictures - Bruce Springsteen, 'Santa Claus Is Coming To Town'". Rolling Stone. 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (2013-04-02). "Ask Billboard: Belinda's Back, JT Too, Mariah Carey's Album Sales & More". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
Jump up ^ "Navidades - Luis Miguel: Overview". AllMusic / Rovi. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Navidades - Luis Miguel: Awards". AllMusic / Rovi. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics (as sung by Burl Ives)
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" at AllMusic (original lyrics)
[show]
v
t
e
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
Bruce Springsteen
Garry Tallent
Roy Bittan
Max Weinberg
Steven Van Zandt
Nils Lofgren
Patti Scialfa
Jake Clemons
Charles Giordano
Soozie Tyrell
Former members
Ernest Carter
Clarence Clemons
Danny Federici
Vini Lopez
David Sancious
Former touring musicians
Everett Bradley
Barry Danielian
Clark Gayton
Curtis King
Suki Lahav
Ed Manion
The Miami Horns
Cindy Mizelle
Michelle Moore
Tom Morello
Curt Ramm
Jay Weinberg
Studio albums
Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. (1973)
The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle (1973)
Born to Run (1975)
Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978)
The River (1980)
Nebraska (1982)
Born in the U.S.A. (1984)
Tunnel of Love (1987)
Human Touch (1992)
Lucky Town (1992)
The Ghost of Tom Joad (1995)
The Rising (2002)
Devils & Dust (2005)
We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (2006)
Magic (2007)
Working on a Dream (2009)
Wrecking Ball (2012)
High Hopes (2014)
Live albums & Bruce Springsteen Archives
Live 1975–85 (1986)
In Concert/MTV Plugged (1993)
Live in New York City (2001)
Hammersmith Odeon London '75 (2006)
Live in Dublin (2007)
Live from the Carousel (2011)
Apollo Theater 3/09/12 (2014)
The Agora, Cleveland 1978 (2015)
Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975 (2015)
Nassau Coliseum, New York 1980 (2015)
Brendan Byrne Arena, New Jersey 1984 (2015)
LA Sports Arena, California 1988 (2015)
Schottenstein Center, Ohio 2005 (2015)
Ippodromo delle Capannelle, Rome 2013 (2015)
Arizona State University, Tempe 1980 (2015)
The Christic Shows 1990 (2016)
HSBC Arena, Buffalo, NY, 11/22/09 (2016)
Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08 (2017)
Olympiastadion, Helsinki, July 31, 2012 (2017)
Wachovia Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA 10/20/09 (2017)
Palace Theatre, Albany 1977 (2017)
Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977 (2017)
King's Hall, Belfast March 19, 1996 (2017)
The Summit, Houston, TX December 8, 1978 (2017)
Compilations
Greatest Hits (1995)
18 Tracks (1999)
The Essential Bruce Springsteen (2003)
Greatest Hits (2009)
The Promise (2010)
Collection: 1973–2012 (2013)
Chapter and Verse (2016)
Box sets
The Born in the U.S.A. 12" Single Collection (1985)
Tracks (1998)
The Collection (2004)
Born to Run: 30th Anniversary Edition (2005)
The Collection 1973–1984 (2010)
The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story (2010)
The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984 (2014)
The Ties That Bind: The River Collection (2015)
EPs
Live Collection (1987)
Chimes of Freedom (1988)
Blood Brothers (1996)
PBS Exclusive (2007)
Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
American Beauty (2014)
Singles
"Blinded by the Light" (1973)
"Spirit in the Night" (1973)
"4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" (1974)
"Born to Run" (1975)
"Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (1976)
"Prove It All Night" (1978)
"Badlands" (1978)
"The Promised Land" (1978)
"Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" (1979)
"Hungry Heart" (1980)
"Fade Away" (1981)
"Sherry Darling" (1981)
"The River" (1981)
"Cadillac Ranch" (1981)
"Point Blank" (1981)
"Atlantic City" (1982)
"Open All Night" (1982)
"Dancing in the Dark" (1984)
"Cover Me" (1984)
"Born in the U.S.A." (1984)
"I'm on Fire" (1985)
"Glory Days" (1985)
"I'm Goin' Down" (1985)
"My Hometown" (1985)
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (1985)
"War" (1986)
"Fire" (1987)
"Brilliant Disguise" (1987)
"Tunnel of Love" (1987)
"One Step Up" (1988)
"Tougher Than the Rest" (1988)
"Spare Parts" (1988)
"Human Touch" (1992)
"57 Channels (And Nothin' On)" (1992)
"Better Days" (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" (1994)
"Secret Garden" (1995)
"The Ghost of Tom Joad" (1996)
"Sad Eyes" (1999)
"The Rising" (2002)
"Lonesome Day" (2002)
"Waitin' on a Sunny Day" (2003)
"Devils & Dust" (2005)
"All The Way Home" (2005)
"Radio Nowhere" (2007)
"Girls in Their Summer Clothes" (2008)
"Working on a Dream" (2008)
"My Lucky Day" (2008)
"The Wrestler" (2009)
"We Take Care of Our Own" (2012)
"Death to My Hometown" (2012)
"High Hopes" (2013)
"Just Like Fire Would" (2014)
Charting songs
"Be True" (1981)
"Ramrod" (1981)
"Nebraska" (1982)
"Johnny 99" (1982)
"No Surrender" (1984)
"Stand on It" (1985)
"Trapped" (live) (1985)
"Because the Night" (live) (1986)
"Chimes of Freedom" (live) (1988)
"Youngstown" (1995)
"American Skin (41 Shots)" (2001)
"Pay Me My Money Down" (2006)
"Long Walk Home" (2006)
"My City of Ruins" (2011)
"Rocky Ground" (2012)
Other notable songs
"Growin' Up" (1973)
"For You" (1973)
"Incident on 57th Street" (1973)
"The Fever" (1973)
"Thunder Road" (1975)
"Night" (1975)
"Backstreets" (1975)
"She's the One" (1975)
"Meeting Across the River" (1975)
"Jungleland" (1975)
"Adam Raised a Cain" (1978)
"Racing in the Street" (1978)
"Darkness on the Edge of Town" (1978)
"Stay" (1979)
"The Ties That Bind" (1980)
"Independence Day" (1980)
"Out in the Street" (1980)
"Stolen Car" (1980)
"Wreck on the Highway" (1980)
"Highway Patrolman" (1982)
"Darlington County" (1984)
"Working on the Highway" (1984)
"Downbound Train" (1984)
"Bobby Jean" (1984)
"Pink Cadillac" (1984)
"Jersey Girl" (1986)
"Light of Day" (1993)
"The New Timer" (1995)
"Land of Hope and Dreams" (2012)
"Hunter of Invisible Game" (2014)
Video releases
Video Anthology / 1978–88 (1989)
In Concert/MTV Plugged (1992)
Blood Brothers (1996)
The Complete Video Anthology / 1978–2000 (2001)
Live in New York City (2001)
Live in Barcelona (2003)
VH1 Storytellers (2005)
Wings For Wheels (2005)
Hammersmith Odeon London '75 (2005)
Live in Dublin (2007)
Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
London Calling: Live in Hyde Park (2010)
The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town (2010)
Springsteen & I (2013)
Born in the U.S.A. Live: London 2013 (2014)
A MusiCares Tribute to Bruce Springsteen (2014)
Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes (2014)
High Hopes in South Africa (2014)
Hunter of Invisible Game (2014)
Tours
Born to Run tours (1974–77)
Darkness Tour (1978)
The River Tour (1980–81)
Born in the U.S.A. Tour (1984–85)
Tunnel of Love Express (1988)
Human Rights Now! (1988)
Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour (1992–93)
Ghost of Tom Joad Tour (1995–97)
Reunion Tour (1999–2000)
Rising Tour (2002–03)
Vote for Change (2004)
Devils & Dust Tour (2005)
Seeger Sessions Band Tour (2006)
Magic Tour (2007–08)
Working on a Dream Tour (2009)
Wrecking Ball Tour (2012-13)
High Hopes Tour (2014)
The River Tour 2016 (2016)
Summer '17 (2017)
Springsteen on Broadway (2017-18)
Related
Discography
E Street Band
Steel Mill
The Sessions Band
The Miami Horns
Born to Run autobiography
E Street Radio
Little Steven's Underground Garage
Outlaw Pete
Mike Appel
Jon Landau
Brendan O'Brien
Bob Clearmountain
The Max Weinberg 7
Southside Johnny
Joe Grushecky
Badlands: A Tribute to Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska
Greetings from E Street
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Barry Manilow singles
1970s
"Mandy" (1974)
"Sandra" (1974)
"It's a Miracle" (1975)
"Could It Be Magic" (1975)
"I Write the Songs" (1975)
"Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again" (1976)
"This One's for You" (1976)
"Weekend in New England" (1976)
"Looks Like We Made It" (1977)
"Daybreak" (1977)
"It's Just Another New Year's Eve" (1977)
"Can't Smile Without You" (1978)
"Even Now" (1978)
"Copacabana" (1978)
"Ready to Take a Chance Again" (1978)
"Somewhere in the Night" (1978)
"Ships" (1979)
"When I Wanted You" (1979)
1980s
"I Don't Want to Walk Without You" (1980)
"Bermuda Triangle" (1980)
"I Made It Through the Rain" (1980)
"Lonely Together" (1981)
"The Old Songs" (1981)
"Somewhere Down the Road" (1981)
"Let's Hang On!" (1982)
"Oh Julie" (1982)
"Memory" (1982)
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" (1982)
"Read 'Em and Weep" (1983)
"When October Goes" (1984)
"Run to Me" (1985)
"I'm Your Man" (1986)
"Keep Each Other Warm" (1989)
1990s
"If I Can Dream" (1990)
"I'd Really Love to See You Tonight" (1997)
2000s
"River" (2003)
"Unchained Melody" (2006)
"Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing" (2006)
2010s
"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (2012)
[show]
v
t
e
Luis Miguel singles
Soy Como Quiero Ser
"Ahora Te Puedes Marchar"
"Cuando Calienta El Sol"
"Yo Que No Vivo Sin Ti"
Busca Una Mujer
"La Incondicional"
"Fría Como el Viento"
20 Años
"Tengo Todo Excepto a Ti"
"Entrégate"
"Será Que No Me Amas"
Romance
"Inolvidable"
"No Sé Tú"
"Contigo en la Distancia"
América & En Vivo
"América, América"
Aries
"Hasta Que Me Olvides"
"Suave"
Segundo Romance
"El Día Que Me Quieras"
"La Media Vuelta"
Nada Es Igual...
"Dame"
"Cómo Es Posible Que a Mi Lado"
Romances
"Por Debajo de la Mesa"
"Sabor a Mí"
"Bésame Mucho"
Amarte Es un Placer
"Sol, Arena y Mar"
"O Tú o Ninguna"
"Dormir Contigo"
"Amarte Es un Placer"
Mis Romances
"Amor, Amor, Amor"
Navidades
"Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad"
"Mi Humilde Oración"
Cómplices
"Si Tú Te Atreves"
"Te Desean"
Luis Miguel
"Labios de Miel"
As featured artist
"Me Gustas Tal Como Eres"
Other songs
"Sueña"
Dèja Vu
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Claus_Is_Comin%27_to_Town&oldid=820460851"
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text:
All Downhill from Here
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"All Downhill from Here"
Single by New Found Glory
from the album Catalyst
Released
July 23, 2004
Format
Digital download, CD single
Recorded
Royaltone Studios, Sunset Sound Studios
Genre
Pop punk[1]
Length
3:14
Label
Geffen, Drive-Thru
Songwriter(s)
Chad Gilbert, Steve Klein
Producer(s)
Neal Avron
New Found Glory singles chronology
"Ex-Miss"
(2003) "All Downhill from Here"
(2004) "It's Not Your Fault"
(2006)
"Ex-Miss"
(2003) "All Downhill from Here"
(2004) "It's Not Your Fault"
(2006)
"All Downhill from Here" is the first single from New Found Glory's fourth studio album, Catalyst. The song helped the album springboard the band's success. "All Downhill from Here" was released to radio on April 6, 2004.[2]
The band initially wanted to name the song after the album (Catalyst), but their record label decided to change the name to All Downhill from Here so listeners could identify the song more easily after hearing it.
The single peaked at number 11 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Track listing
3 References
4 External links
Music video[edit]
The music video for the song was something quite out of the ordinary, a group of French animators, worked on creating a unique environment of creatures, and directed this video alongside Meiert Avis. The creatures build a unique structure. The band is featured in the video on a platform playing while gradually rising. As they continue to rise, they eventually reach an odd representation of heaven. Then, the platform that band was playing on drops and the band does as well. A creature runs through some of the supports and the whole structure collapses. When the music video for this song aired on MTV's TRL (Total Request Live), fans voted it on the show 50 days in a row. TRL retired this song due to the ongoing requests for it to be played.
Track listing[edit]
The enhanced version of this single features four tracks.
"All Downhill from Here"
"Broken Sound" (Radio Session)
"The Minute I Met You"
"All Downhill from Here" (CD-ROM track)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rose, Ethan. "Best Early 2000s Pop Punk Songs". Rant Hollywood. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "FMQB Airplay Archive: Modern Rock". Friday Morning Quarterback Album Report, Incorporated. Archived from the original on March 22, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ allmusic
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Dennis Rader
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 March 2018.
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Dennis Rader
Rader's mugshot at the El Dorado Correctional Facility
Born
Dennis Lynn Rader
(1945-03-09) March 9, 1945 (age 73)
Pittsburg, Kansas, U.S.
Other names
BTK Killer, BTK Strangler
Criminal penalty
Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for 175 years
(10 consecutive life sentences)
Spouse(s)
Paula Dietz (m. 1971; div. 2005)
Children
2
Conviction(s)
Murder
Details
Victims
10
Span of killings
1974–1991
Country
United States
State(s)
Kansas
Date apprehended
February 25, 2005
Dennis Lynn Rader (born March 9, 1945) is an American serial killer who murdered ten people in Sedgwick County, Kansas between 1974 and 1991.
He is also known as the BTK Killer or the BTK Strangler. "BTK" stands for "Bind, Torture, Kill", which was his infamous signature. He sent letters describing the details of the murders to police and local news outlets before his arrest. After a decade-long hiatus, Rader resumed sending letters in 2004, leading to his 2005 arrest and subsequent guilty plea. He is currently serving ten consecutive life sentences at El Dorado Correctional Facility in Kansas.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
2 Crimes
2.1 Victims
2.2 Case history
3 Arrest
4 Legal proceedings
4.1 Further investigations
4.2 Evaluation by Robert Mendoza
5 In media
5.1 Non-fiction
5.2 Literature
5.3 Television
5.4 Music
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Dennis Rader is the oldest of four sons born to Dorothea Mae Rader (née Cook) and William Elvin Rader.[1] Though born in Pittsburg, Kansas, he grew up in Wichita. According to many reports, including his confessions, he tortured animals as a child.[2] He also had a sexual fetish for women's underwear and stole underpants from his victims and wore them himself.[3]
Rader spent 1966–1970 in the United States Air Force.[3] Upon discharge, he moved to Park City, where he worked in the meat department of a Leekers IGA supermarket where his mother was a bookkeeper.[4] He married Paula Dietz on May 22, 1971, and had two children.[5][6] He attended Butler County Community College in El Dorado, earning an associate degree in electronics in 1973.[7] He then enrolled at Wichita State University, and graduated in 1979 with a bachelor's in administration of justice.
Rader worked as an assembler for the Coleman Company, an outdoor supply company. He worked at the Wichita-based office of ADT Security Services from 1974 to 1988, where he installed security alarms as a part of his job, in many cases for homeowners concerned about the BTK killings.[5][8] Rader was a census field operations supervisor for the Wichita area in 1989, before the 1990 federal census.[9] In May 1991, he became a dogcatcher and compliance officer in Park City.[10][5][11][12] In this position, neighbors recalled him as being sometimes overzealous and extremely strict. One neighbor complained he euthanized her dog for no reason.[13]
On March 2, 2005, the Park City council terminated Rader's employment for failure to report to work or call in. He had been arrested for the murders five days earlier.[10]
Rader was a member of Christ Lutheran Church and had been elected president of the church council.[5][14] He was also a Cub Scout leader.[5] On July 26, 2005, after Rader's arrest, his wife was granted an immediate divorce.[6][15]
Crimes[edit]
Victims[edit]
All of Rader's known crimes occurred in Kansas. He killed ten people in total and collected items from each murder scene. He also intended to kill others, notably Anna Williams, who in 1979 aged 63, escaped death by returning home much later than he expected. Rader explained during his confession that he became obsessed with Williams and was "absolutely livid" when she evaded him. He spent hours waiting at her home but became impatient and left when she did not return home from visiting friends.[16] Two of the women Rader had stalked in the 1980s and one he had stalked in the mid-1990s filed restraining orders against him; one of them also moved away.[17]
Rader admitted in his interrogation that he had been planning to kill again. He had set a date, October 2004, and was stalking his intended victim.[17]
Name
Sex
Age
Date of Death
Place of Death
Cause of Death
Weapon Used
Joseph Otero M 38 January 15, 1974 803 North Edgemoor Street, Wichita Suffocated Plastic bags
Julie Otero F 33 Strangled Rope
Joseph Otero, Jr. M 9 Suffocated Plastic bag
Josephine Otero F 11 Hanged from a drainage pipe Rope
Kathryn Bright F 21 April 4, 1974 3217 East 13th Street North, Wichita
died at Wesley Medical Center.
Stabbed 11 times in torso and back Knife
Shirley Vian F 24 March 17, 1977 1311 South Hydraulic Street, Wichita Strangled Rope
Nancy Fox F 25 December 8, 1977 843 South Pershing Street, Wichita Strangled Belt
Marine Hedge F 53 April 27, 1985 6254 North Independence Street, Park City Strangled Hand(s)
Vicki Wegerle F 28 September 16, 1986 2404 West 13th Street North, Wichita Strangled Nylon stocking
Dolores E. Davis F 62 January 19, 1991 6226 North Hillside Street, Wichita Strangled Pantyhose
With the exception of Hedge and Davis, all victims' bodies were found on the date and at the location of death. Hedge was found eight days later on May 5, 1985, at East 53rd Street North between North Webb Road and North Greenwich Road in Wichita. Davis was found 13 days later on February 1, 1991, at West 117th Street North and North Meridian Street in Sedgwick.
Case history[edit]
Rader was particularly known for sending taunting letters to police and newspapers.[18][19][20] He authored many communications from 1974 to 1979. The first was a letter that had been stashed inside an engineering book in the Wichita Public Library in October 1974 that described, in detail, the killing of the Otero family in January of that year.[9] In early 1978, he sent another letter to television station KAKE in Wichita, claiming responsibility for the murders of the Oteros, Kathryn Bright, Shirley Vian and Nancy Fox.[9] He suggested many possible names for himself, including the one that stuck: BTK. He demanded media attention in this second letter, and it was finally announced that Wichita did indeed have a serial killer at large. A poem was enclosed titled "Oh! Death to Nancy," a parody of the lyrics to the American folk song "O Death."[21][22]
In 1988, after the murders of three members of the Fager family in Wichita, a letter was received from someone claiming to be the BTK killer, in which the author of the letter denied being the perpetrator of the Fager murders. The author credited the killer with having done "admirable work." It was not proven until 2005 that this letter was, in fact, written by Rader. He is not considered by police to have committed this crime.[22]
By 2004, the investigation of the BTK Killer was cold. Then, Rader began a series of 11 communications to the local media that led directly to his arrest in February 2005. In March 2004, The Wichita Eagle received a letter from someone using the return address Bill Thomas Killman. The author of the letter claimed that he had murdered Vicki Wegerle on September 16, 1986, and enclosed photographs of the crime scene and a photocopy of her driver's license, which had been stolen at the time of the crime.[23] Before this, it had not been definitively established that Wegerle was killed by BTK.[23] DNA collected from under Wegerle's fingernails provided police with previously unknown evidence. They then began DNA testing hundreds of men in an effort to find the serial killer.[24] Altogether, over 1,300 DNA samples were taken and later destroyed by court order.[25]
In May 2004, television station KAKE in Wichita received a letter with chapter headings for the "BTK Story," fake IDs, and a word puzzle.[4] On June 9, 2004, a package was found taped to a stop sign at the corner of First and Kansas in Wichita. It had graphic descriptions of the Otero murders and a sketch labeled "The Sexual Thrill Is My Bill."[26] Also enclosed was a chapter list for a proposed book titled The BTK Story, which mimicked a story written in 1999 by Court TV crime writer David Lohr. Chapter One was titled "A Serial Killer Is Born." In July, a package was dropped into the return slot at the downtown public library containing more bizarre material, including the claim that he was responsible for the death of 19-year-old Jake Allen in Argonia, Kansas earlier that month. This claim was false, and the death was ruled a suicide.[27] In October 2004, a manila envelope was dropped into a UPS box in Wichita. It had many cards with images of terror and bondage of children pasted on them, a poem threatening the life of lead investigator Lt. Ken Landwehr, and a false autobiography with many details about Rader's life. These details were later released to the public.[citation needed]
In December 2004, Wichita police received another package from the BTK killer.[28] This time, the package was found in Wichita's Murdock Park. It had the driver's license of Nancy Fox, which was noted as stolen from the crime scene, as well as a doll that was symbolically bound at the hands and feet, and had a plastic bag tied over its head.[27]
In January 2005, Rader attempted to leave a cereal box in the bed of a pickup truck at a Home Depot in Wichita, but the box was discarded by the truck's owner. It was later retrieved from the trash after Rader asked what had become of it in a later message. Surveillance tape of the parking lot from that date revealed a distant figure driving a black Jeep Cherokee leaving the box in the pickup. In February, more postcards were sent to KAKE, and another cereal box left at a rural location was found to contain another bound doll, apparently meant to symbolize the murder of 11-year-old Josephine Otero.[citation needed]
In his letters to police, Rader asked if his writings, if put on a floppy disk, could be traced or not. The police answered his question in a newspaper ad posted in the Wichita Eagle saying it would be safe to use the disk. On February 16, 2005, Rader sent a purple 1.44-Megabyte Memorex floppy disk to Fox TV affiliate KSAS-TV in Wichita.[29][30] Also enclosed were a letter, a gold-colored necklace with a large medallion, and a photocopy of the cover of a 1989 novel about a serial killer (Rules of Prey).[30]
Police found metadata embedded in a deleted Microsoft Word document that was, unbeknownst to Rader, on the floppy disk.[31] The metadata contained Christ Lutheran Church, and the document was marked as last modified by "Dennis."[32] An internet search determined that a "Dennis Rader" was president of the church council.[29] From the Home Depot incident, the police also knew BTK owned a black Jeep Cherokee. When investigators drove by Rader's house, they noticed a black Jeep Cherokee parked outside.[33]
The police had strong circumstantial evidence against Rader, but they needed more direct evidence to detain him.[34] They obtained a warrant to test the DNA of a pap smear Rader's daughter had taken at the Kansas State University medical clinic when she was a student. The DNA of the pap smear was processed by the Kansas Bureau of Investigation at their lab in Topeka, and demonstrated a familial match to the DNA of the sample taken from victim Vicki Wegerle's fingernails. This indicated that the killer was closely related to Rader's daughter, and was the evidence the police needed to make an arrest.[35]
Arrest[edit]
Rader was arrested while driving near his home in Park City shortly after noon on February 25, 2005.[36] An officer asked, "Mr. Rader, do you know why you're going downtown?"; Rader replied, "Oh, I have suspicions why."[37][38] Wichita police, the Kansas Bureau of Investigation, the FBI, and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives agents searched Rader's home and vehicle, seizing evidence including computer equipment, a pair of black pantyhose retrieved from a shed, and a cylindrical container. The church he attended, his office at City Hall, and the main branch of the Park City library were also searched. At a press conference the next morning, Wichita Police Chief Norman Williams announced, "the bottom line: BTK is arrested."[39][40]
Legal proceedings[edit]
On February 28, 2005, Rader was charged with 10 counts of first degree murder.[41] Soon after his arrest, the Associated Press cited an anonymous source alleging Rader had confessed to other murders in addition to those with which he had been connected;[42] the Sedgwick County district attorney denied this but refused to say whether Rader made any confessions or if investigators were looking into Rader's possible involvement in more unsolved killings.[43] On March 5, news sources claimed to have verified by multiple sources that Rader had confessed to the 10 murders he was charged with, but no other ones.[44]
On March 1, Rader's bail was set at US $10 million, and a public defender was appointed to represent him.[45] On May 3, the judge entered not-guilty pleas on Rader's behalf, as Rader did not speak at his arraignment.[46] However, on June 27, the scheduled trial date, Rader changed his plea to guilty. He described the murders in detail, and made no apologies.[47][48][49]
At Rader's August 18 sentencing, victims' families made statements, after which Rader apologized in a rambling thirty-minute monologue that the prosecutor likened to an Academy Awards acceptance speech.[50] He was sentenced to 10 consecutive life sentences, with a minimum of 175 years.[51] Kansas had no death penalty at the time of the murders.[50] On August 19, he was moved to the El Dorado Correctional Facility.[52]
According to witnesses, Rader talked about innocuous topics such as the weather during the forty-minute drive to El Dorado, but began to cry when the victims' families' statements from the court proceedings came on the radio. He is now in solitary confinement for his protection (with one hour of exercise per day, and showers three times per week). This will likely continue indefinitely. Beginning 2006, he was allowed access to television and radio, to read magazines, and other privileges for good behavior.[52][53]
Further investigations[edit]
Following Rader's arrest, police in Wichita, Park City and several surrounding cities looked into unsolved cases with the cooperation of the state police and the FBI. They particularly focused on cases after 1994, when the death penalty was reinstated in Kansas. Police in surrounding states such as Nebraska, Missouri, Colorado, Oklahoma and Texas also investigated cold cases that fit Rader's pattern to some extent. The FBI, Civil Air Patrol[54] and local jurisdictions at Rader's former duty stations checked into unsolved cases during Rader's time in the service.
After exhaustive investigations, none of these agencies discovered any further murders attributable to Rader, confirming early suspicions that Rader would have taken credit for any additional murders that he had committed. The 10 known murders are now believed to be the only murders that Rader is actually responsible for, although Wichita police are fairly certain that Rader stalked and researched a number of other potential victims. This includes one person who was saved when Rader called off his planned attack upon his arrival near the target's home due to the presence of construction and road crews near her home. Rader stated in his police interview that "there are a lot of lucky people," meaning that he had thought about and developed various levels of murder plans for other victims.[7]
Evaluation by Robert Mendoza[edit]
Massachusetts psychologist Robert Mendoza was hired by Rader's court-appointed public defenders to conduct a psychological evaluation for Rader, and determine if an insanity-based defense might be viable. He conducted an interview after Rader pleaded guilty on June 27. NBC claimed Rader knew the interview might be on TV, but this was false according to the Sedgwick County Sheriff's Department. Rader mentioned the interview during his sentencing statement. On October 25, 2005, the Kansas attorney general filed a petition to sue Mendoza and Tali Waters, co-owners of Cambridge Forensic Consultants, LLC, for breach of contract, claiming that they intended to benefit financially from the use of information obtained through involvement in Rader's defense. On May 10, 2007, Mendoza settled the case for US $30,000 with no admission of wrongdoing.[55]
In media[edit]
Non-fiction[edit]
Dr. Katherine Ramsland wrote Confession of a Serial Killer about Rader, compiled from her five-year correspondence with him. In the introduction, she describes the book as a "guided autobiography" of Rader, stating that she interjects only to "assist with chronology or provide substance, sense, or background."[56]
Last Podcast on The Left covers Rader's murders and capture on Episode 59 (Part 1) and Episode 61 (Part 2) of their horror comedy podcast.
Literature[edit]
The writer Stephen King says his novella A Good Marriage, and the film based on it, was inspired by the BTK killer.[57]
The novelist Thomas Harris has said that the character of Francis Dolarhyde from his novel Red Dragon is partially based on Rader.[58]
Television[edit]
A made-for-TV movie, The Hunt for the BTK Killer, told the story from the perspective of the Wichita detectives who worked the case for 31 years. Rader was played by Gregg Henry in one of the most-lauded performances of his career.[59]
In the Netflix show Mindhunter, a character, credited as “ADT serviceman”, is based on Rader. He appears throughout season one in small vignettes set in and around Park City, Kansas.[60][61]
Both the Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Shibboleth" and the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Scavenger" are based on the Dennis Rader case.
Music[edit]
Aggrotech band Suicide Commando released an album titled Bind, Torture, Kill in 2006. The album features songs titled "Bind, Torture, Kill" and "Rader".
Brutal death metal band Suffocation released a track titled "Bind, Torture, Kill" on their 2006 self-titled album, containing lyrics written from the point of view of Dennis Rader about his motivations for and feelings about committing murder. This track was featured in a 2007 promotional video by The History Channel for their documentary, The Dark Ages.[62]
Progressive rock musician Steven Wilson's track "Raider II" on his 2011 album Grace for Drowning is based on the murders committed by Rader.[63]
Doom metal band Church of Misery, released a track in 2013 called "B.T.K" about Rader on their album, Thy Kingdom Scum.[64]
Thrash metal band Exodus, released a track on their 2014 album, Blood In, Blood Out called "BTK" which is based on the murders performed by Rader. The track also featured Testament vocalist Chuck Billy.[65]
See also[edit]
I Survived BTK
Macdonald triad
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ancestry of Dennis Rader". Retrieved September 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dennis Rader Biography". The Biography Channel. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Sylvester, Ron (March 27, 2012). "Investigators tell of grisly crimes, Rader's delight". The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Double Life: Dennis Rader lived quietly while killing 10" (PDF). The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e King, Gary C.; Allen, Kevin P. "Criminal Profile: Dennis Lynn Rader". Investigation Discovery. Discovery Communications. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Raders' divorce granted". The Wichita Eagle. March 27, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Wenzl, Roy; Potter, Tim; Laviana, Hurst; Kelly, L. (May 27, 2008). Bind, Torture, Kill: The Inside Story of BTK, the Serial Killer Next Door. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-137395-4. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Twiddy, David (January 3, 2005). "BTK Suspect's Career in Security Probed" . Associated Press. Retrieved July 11, 2014 – via HighBeam Research.
^ Jump up to: a b c McClellan, Janet (May 18, 2010). Erotophonophilia: Investigating Lust Murder. Cambria Press. pp. 157, 173. ISBN 978-1-62196-929-7. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Buselt, Lori O'Toole (Mar 3, 2005). "Park City Council dismisses Rader". The Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Neighbor: I Watched BTK Suspect Shoot Dog". ABC News. February 27, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Meadows, Bob; Klise, Kate; Comander, Lauren; Grisby, Lorna; Haederle, Michael (March 21, 2005). "The BTK Case: the Killer Unmasked?". People. 63 (11). Retrieved July 11, 2014. The trait served Rader well in his next job, as a compliance officer for Park City, a Wichita suburb—but his nit-picking won him few friends.
Jump up ^ Interview with Misty King; A&E Documentary Special—The BTK Killer Speaks
Jump up ^ "People at CLC – Christ Lutheran Church – Wichita, Kansas". Archived from the original on February 6, 2005.
Jump up ^ "BTK killer's wife granted an emergency divorce". NBC News. Associated Press. July 27, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bardsley, Marilyn, Rachael Bell and David Lohr. "The BTK Story – More Clues Revealed". Crime Library. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2008. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b A&E Documentary Special – The BTK Killer Speaks
Jump up ^ Siegel, Larry (January 19, 2012). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies. Cengage Learning. p. 353. ISBN 1-133-71052-2. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bauer, Craig P. (March 25, 2013). Secret History: The Story of Cryptology. CRC Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4665-6186-1. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hickey, Eric W. (May 10, 2012). Serial Murderers and their Victims. Cengage Learning. p. 254. ISBN 1-285-40168-9. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Transcription of poem "Oh! Death to Nancy"" (PDF). City of Wichita. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2006. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Douglas, John; Dodd, Johnny (November 3, 2008). Inside the Mind of BTK: The True Story Behind the Thirty-Year Hunt for the Notorious Wichita Serial Killer. John Wiley & Sons. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-470-43768-1. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "BTK Strangler resurfaces after 25 years". The Scotsman. March 28, 2004. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'BTK' serial killer caught". The Age. February 27, 2005. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Police destroy 1,326 DNA samples taken in BTK investigation". USA Today. May 31, 2006. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Singular, Stephen (March 27, 2007). Unholy Messenger: The Life and Crimes of the BTK Serial Killer. Simon & Schuster. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-1-4165-3154-8. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Potter, Tim (July 10, 2005). "After 31 years and 10 deaths pieces fall in place". The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Girard, James E. (November 15, 2013). Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 417. ISBN 978-1-4496-9180-6. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cops Make Arrest in BTK Probe". Fox News. February 27, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Camp novel crops up in the BTK case". johnsandford.org, attributed to "StarTribune". March 3, 2005. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Girard, James E. (November 15, 2013). Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 417. ISBN 978-1-4496-9180-6. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ BTK Kansas Serial Killer – Full BTK Story – The Crime library Archived 15 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Potter, Tim (March 14, 2007). "Police tell details of BTK hunt". The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Policeman details capture of BTK killer". Retrieved September 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nakashima, Ellen (April 21, 2008). "From DNA of Family, a Tool to Make Arrests". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nye, Valerie; Barco, Kathy (2012). True Stories of Censorship Battles in America's Libraries. American Library Association. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-8389-1130-3. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Magnus, Edie (August 24, 2005). "31 years of the BTK killer". msnbc.com. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack (March 14, 2011). Extreme Killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-4129-8031-9. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "CNN.com – Report: Daughter of BTK suspect alerted police – Apr 19, 2005". cnn.com. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Samuelson, Andy (February 27, 2005). "Wichita police: 'BTK is arrested'". Lawrence Journal-World. Lawrence, Kansas: Ogden Newspapers Inc. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ "BTK Serial Killer Suspect's Charges — State of Kansas v. Dennis Rader (page 6)". findlaw.com. February 28, 2005. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ "'BTK' Serial Killer In Custody, Claims Police". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ "BTK Suspect Said to Confess to 6 Slayings". USA Today (AP). February 27, 2005. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Finger, Stan; Potter, Tim (March 6, 2005). "Rader has admitted to killings, daily says". Deseret News. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Company. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Victim's brother describes killing linked to BTK". CNN. March 2, 2005. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Strongin, Dana; Laviana, Hurst (May 5, 2005). "Families of BTK victims prepare to wait". Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas: McClatchy Company. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Anger, Relief Over BTK Confessions". CBS News. June 28, 2005. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Hansen, Mark (April 21, 2006). "How the Cops Caught BTK". ABA Journal. American Bar Association. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ "US Serial Killer pleads guilty to ten murders". The World Today. June 28, 2005. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "BTK killer sentenced to 10 consecutive life terms". WHO-TV (AP). August 19, 2005. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ Coates, Sam (August 19, 2005). "Rader Gets 175 Years For BTK Slayings". The Washington Post. Washington, DC: Nash Holdings, Inc. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dennis Rader's listing on the Kansas Department of Corrections Kansas Adult Supervised Population Electronic Repository site". Archived from the original on November 25, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Vries, Lloyd (April 24, 2006). "BTK Killer Gets Extra Jail Perks". CBS News. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Beattie, Robert (2005). Nightmare in Wichita: The Hunt For The BTK Strangler. London, England: Penguin Books. p. 138. ISBN 9781101219928. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "BTK Psychologist to Pay State". WIBW. Associated Press. May 10, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ramsland, Katherine M. (2016). Confession of a serial killer: the untold story of Dennis Rader, the BTK killer. ForeEdge. p. 1. ISBN 9781611688412. OCLC 945648889.
Jump up ^ Wenzl, Roy (September 26, 2014). "Daughter of Wichita serial killer BTK: Stephen King 'exploiting my father's 10 victims'". Kansas City Star. Kansas City, Missouri: McClatchy Company. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Beattie, Robert (2005). Nightmare In Wichita. Penguin Books.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (October 6, 2005). "The Hunt for the BTK Killer". variety.com. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Leiker, Amy Renée (October 16, 2017). "That creepy ADT guy on 'Mindhunter'? He's based on a Kansas serial killer". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas: McClatchy Company. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Joanna (October 17, 2017). "Mindhunter:Who is the ADT Killer from Kansas?". Vanity Fair. New York City: Condé Nast. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Suffocation: New Audio Interview with Frank Mullen Posted Online – Feb. 7, 2007 Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., Blabbermouth.net.
Jump up ^ "Unsung Melody – The Raven that Refused to Sing. Steven Wilson at Park West Theater in Chicago". unsungmelody.com. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Church of Misery "Thy Kingdom Scum"". Metal Blade Records. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Blood In Blood Out". nuclearblast.de. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Beattie, Robert. Nightmare In Wichita: The Hunt for the BTK Strangler. New American Library, 2005. ISBN 0-451-21738-1.
Davis, Jeffrey M. The Shadow of Evil: Where Is God in a Violent World?. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1996. ISBN 0-7872-1981-9. (Davis is the son of BTK victim Dolores Davis.)
Douglas, John E. Inside the Mind of BTK: The True Story Behind Thirty Years of Hunting for the Wichita Serial Killer. Jossey Bass Wiley, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7879-8484-7.
Singular, Stephen. Unholy Messenger: The Life and Crimes of the BTK Serial Killer. Scribner Book Company, 2006. ISBN 1-4001-5252-6.
Smith, Carlton. The BTK Murders: Inside the "Bind Torture Kill" Case that Terrified America's Heartland. St. Martin's True Crime, 2006. ISBN 0-312-93905-1.
Wenzl, Roy; Potter, Tim; Laviana, Hurst; Kelly, L. Bind, Torture, Kill: The Inside Story of the Serial Killer Next Door. HC an imprint of HarperCollins, 2007. ISBN 978-0-06-124650-0.
Welch, Larry. Beyond Cold Blood: The KBI from Ma Barker to BTK. University Press of Kansas, 2012. ISBN 978-0700618859.
External links[edit]
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Find more aboutDennis Raderat Wikipedia's sister projects
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Kansas Prison Inmate Database - Kansas Department of Corrections
Rader, Dennis L (KDOC# 83707) - current status is incarcerated
B.T.K. – The Worlds Most Elusive Serial Killer
Sedgwick County 18th Judicial District collection of legal documents on the Rader case
The Wichita Eagle Collection of articles and videos about BTK
KAKE Collection of articles and videos on BTK
Dennis Rader's listing on the Kansas Department of Corrections Kansas Adult Supervised Population Electronic Repository site, including current location and disciplinary actions.
"Finding BTK" Investigation Discovery
When your father is the BTK serial killer, forgiveness is not tidy
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