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Dead Rising 3
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Dead Rising 3
Developer(s)
Capcom Vancouver[1]
Publisher(s)
Microsoft Studios[1]
Capcom (PC)
Director(s)
Michael Jones
Producer(s)
Josh Bridge
Designer(s)
Brent Arnst
Roy McCombe
Programmer(s)
Adrian Cheung
Writer(s)
Annie Reid
Composer(s)
Oleksa Lozowchuk
Series
Dead Rising
Platform(s)
Xbox One,[2] Microsoft Windows
Release
Xbox One
WW: November 22, 2013
JP: September 4, 2014
Microsoft Windows
WW: September 5, 2014[3]
Genre(s)
Survival horror, beat 'em up
Mode(s)
Single-player, multiplayer
Dead Rising 3 is a open world survival horror beat 'em up video game. It is developed by Capcom Vancouver and published by Microsoft Studios.[1] The game was released as a launch title for the Xbox One platform on November 22, 2013; a Microsoft Windows port published by Capcom was released on September 5, 2014. It was announced as an Xbox One exclusive during Microsoft's E3 2013 press conference on June 10, 2013.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Gameplay
1.1 Multiplayer
2 Plot
3 Alternate endings
4 Development
5 Soundtrack
6 Downloadable content
7 Reception
8 Sequel
9 References
10 External links
Gameplay[edit]
Following in the footsteps of previous installments, players control new protagonist Nick Ramos in third person. Players' primary focus is to search for supplies and weapons in order to fight many undead and complete missions.[5] Dead Rising 3 is set in a vast, open world environment which is much larger than the worlds of Dead Rising and Dead Rising 2 combined.[6][7] The game can render three times as many zombies on-screen at once as its predecessor.[8] Players can save their progress anywhere, as opposed to limiting saves to toilets.[9] The game includes a "Nightmare Mode" for those who would prefer the traditional time limit and save options.[10][11] The game does not have load times.[12]
Dead Rising 3 expands upon the crafting system introduced in Dead Rising 2. Players retain the ability to create "combo weapons", but without the need for a workbench, allowing them to craft weapons on the fly.[6] Dead Rising 3 also allows players to create "combo vehicles", such as combining a motorcycle and steamroller to form a "RollerHawg".[13] Each combo vehicle includes two seats and a secondary blue attack to support cooperative gameplay.[13] Driving vehicles are a part of exploration, as players navigate the city of Los Perdidos.[12] Players are able to discover and unlock blueprints for new combo weapons and vehicles.[14]
Dead Rising 3 utilizes both the Kinect and Xbox SmartGlass.[15] The optional Kinect feature gives zombies a certain level of situational awareness.[15] Loud noises from the player could potentially trigger a rush of zombies; however, the player can also use the ability to shout at zombies through the Kinect in order to distract them.[16] The microphone sensitivity is tuned to "a threshold that makes sense," so that attracting zombies will feel like an intentional decision.[15][17] The Xbox SmartGlass feature, which is also optional, can be used to locate specific items, find abandoned storefronts, and set waypoints for mission objectives.[15] It also provides players with exclusive missions that unlock apps within the SmartGlass, giving them the ability to call in airstrikes, drone support, or area-wide flares for fending off or drawing the attention of the undead.
Multiplayer[edit]
Dead Rising 3 offers two-player cooperative gameplay. Co-op play is accessible in all game modes with the exception of an explicit single player mode. In all other modes (Casual, Completionist, Speed Run, Hardcore), players may be paired with a second player seamlessly at any time should a match be found. Alternatively, players can directly select to play Multiplayer.[18]
The primary player continues as Nick Ramos while the secondary player (who would have selected "Multiplayer" in the menus) assumes the role of Dick, a trucker who survives the outbreak.[19] The two players can explore the entire map and complete side missions separately, but main story missions must be completed together. Any blueprints and collectibles found or completed challenges count for both players. On 9 June 2014, Capcom announced a new DLC known as Super Ultra Dead Rising 3 Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX Plus Alpha at the Microsoft Press Conference at E3 2014, which features four-player co-op.[20]
Plot[edit]
Dead Rising 3 takes place in 2021, ten years after the events of the Fortune City outbreak. The story follows a young mechanic named Nick Ramos and his attempt to survive a massive zombie outbreak in the fictional city of Los Perdidos, California.
The game begins three days after the initial outbreak. After returning from a failed search for supplies, Nick reunites with some other survivors at a diner including his boss Rhonda, a girl named Annie, a trucker named Dick, a man named Peter and his mother. After the zombies break into the diner and kill Peter and his mother, Annie runs back to her own group of survivors. Nick and the others make it to Rhonda's auto shop and learn that the government is going to bomb the city in six days to stop the outbreak. The group drives to a military checkpoint, only to find everyone there dead and be ambushed by a rogue biker gang. After defeating the bikers, Nick reunites with his old friend Diego, who is now a soldier, and learns from him that there is a plane at the old museum in town that can be fixed up and used to escape the city before it is destroyed. However, before starting to work on the plane, Nick is bitten by a zombie and heads to the crematorium in town to search for some Zombrex, meeting a man called Gary on the way, who is looking for a certain girl under orders from his boss. Unable to find any Zombrex, Nick loses all hope until Gary notices that his wound has healed, revealing that he is somehow immune from turning.
Realizing that the girl Gary is looking for is actually Annie, Nick agrees to help him retrieve her in exchange for fuel for the plane. Nick then tracks her down but fails to convince her to come with him. The leader of her group, Red, tells Nick that the military is in fact not evacuating survivors but killing them off instead, and Nick agrees to help them in exchange for the fuel he needs. After retrieving some evidence of the military's crimes, Nick learns from Red that all of his friends, including Annie, were captured by them. While infiltrating a military encampment to rescue the captives, Nick learns that government officials General Hemlock and Marion Mallon are responsible for the outbreak and witness them turning the U.S. President into a zombie as well to assume full control of the government. After rescuing the captives, Nick learns that the government is offering five million dollars as a reward for anyone who captures certain individuals with numbers tattooed on their neck, like him and Diego.
Having finally obtained the fuel from Red, Nick returns to Rhonda and Dick only to find out that a deranged Diego has fled. Nick confronts him at the museum and has him return to his senses. After retrieving parts for the plane Nick learns from Rhonda that she's not going with them because she wants to stay and attempt to reconcile with her ex-husband. Nick then leaves to round up the other survivors but he and Diego are captured by the military. Nick awakens in a room, restrained next to Diego, who is killed in front of him, and the hundreds of parasitic wasps and parasites swarming out of his body create a confusion that allows him to escape, meeting Isabella Keyes on the way, who reveals that he is the one the military is looking for because of his immunity. After surviving an attack from Mallon, Nick discovers that Gary had captured Annie and he refuses to let her go. However, upon learning that Gary is actually Rhonda's ex-husband, Nick have the two reunited in order to rescue her.
Once reunited with the others, Nick learns from Isabella that he, Diego and other orphans born from U.S. soldiers stationed in Santa Cabeza were experimented upon by her brother Carlito in order to become live biological weapons, with each of them carrying the parasite. However, Nick is immune to it instead, and he must leave the town alive in order to have a cure developed. Interested in the reward for Nick, Red turns on the group and fights him. After Red is killed, Nick uses a transceiver, and pretending to be a military agent, tells Hemlock that they need more time to apprehend him. The general agrees, extending the time before the bomb deployment by an extra day. Soon after, Chuck Greene arrives with Rhonda and Gary, revealing that Annie is actually his daughter Katey and that Gary was working for him. Gary and Rhonda volunteer to stay and help rescue any remaining survivors before leaving the city. Meanwhile, as Nick is about to take off with the others, he overhears on the radio that Hemlock is planning to create a biological weapon with the zombies. Nick and Chuck then decide to team up to stop Hemlock's plan before escaping. After Hemlock kills Mallon upon being angered by her disrespect, he proceeds with the extraction of king zombies from the city, but Nick and Chuck stop him. The General is ultimately killed in a confrontation with Nick, who escapes the city with the others, leading to the creation and distribution of a cure to the zombie infection.
After the credits, it is revealed that Isabella was truly responsible for the outbreak, convincing Mallon to begin it so that the carrier of the immunity would be revealed, and successfully making herself the creator of the cure while clearing her family name from Carlito's crimes in Willamette. Back in the present, Isabella destroys some evidence incriminating her and leaves the city with the others.
Alternate endings[edit]
Like the previous games, Dead Rising 3 has multiple alternate endings that can occur, depending on the player's choices in the last chapter of the game and if the main campaign is completed before the bombing of Los Perdidos begins. The summary above is the canon ending, Ending S, unlocked if the player follows Nick's morals in the game. The other endings are:
Ending C (kill Gary at the club instead of finding Rhonda)
After Red is killed, since Gary is dead, he, Rhonda, and Chuck don't show up. Isabella runs up to Nick and Annie exclaiming that they have to leave immediately and they board the plane, but it stalls as they try to take off and are overrun by zombies. The end text states that Hemlock was arrested for his actions; however the parasite infection continued to spread, and rumors of Carlito's "immune orphan" were never proven.
Ending D (escape the Metro Station, but go straight to the plane instead of the club where Annie is being held hostage)
Nick decides to leave the city by himself, but is discovered by Rhonda, Annie, Red, and Gary, who leave him behind as they escape the city using the plane. The end text states that no survivors were found and the outbreak was the beginning of the end for the United States, as the West Coast went under martial law. Hemlock created his biological weapon from the mutated zombies and caused outbreaks all over America and rumors of Carlito's "immune orphan" were never proven.
Ending F (don't complete the story by the end of the 7th day)
A cutscene plays of the city being destroyed by incendiary bombs. The end text states no survivors were found, Hemlock succeeded in creating his biological weapon from the mutated zombies, and America was put under martial law.
Alternate Overtime Ending (fail to stop Hemlock's harvesting of the mutated zombies)
Hemlock declares success and escapes the city. The end text states that Los Perdidos was destroyed by incendiary bombs and Hemlock created his biological weapon from the mutated zombies and rumors of Carlito's "immune orphan" were never proven. Getting this ending will result in a game over screen, and the player can choose to return to the last checkpoint and try again in Overtime Mode.
Development[edit]
Promotion at E3 2013
In 2010, prior to the release of Dead Rising 2, Keiji Inafune, the producer of the Dead Rising series, had speculated about the possibility for a sequel during an interview, stating that "we're not going to start even speaking about DR3 until we see the sales of DR2—unfortunately that's the nature of the game! However, the experience with Blue Castle was very positive, and if we have the opportunity I would like to work with them again."[21] With the success of Dead Rising 2, Capcom COO David Reese asserted that Dead Rising 3 was likely to continue the narrative of its predecessor.[22] Reese also stated that more digital content, similar to Case Zero and Case West, was also plausible, and would help to bridge the gap between Dead Rising 2 and Dead Rising 3.[22] Klayton of Celldweller is composing music for the game.[23][24][25] The game was officially announced during Microsoft's press conference at E3 2013.[26] The game was revealed as originally being developed with high-end PCs in mind so the team could realise their expanded vision for the series, before Microsoft offered to partner with them for it to become an Xbox One launch exclusive. On October 10, 2013, it was announced that Dead Rising 3 was not approved by Germany's rating board and would not be released there.[27] On June 5, 2014 it was announced that Dead Rising 3 would be leaving Xbox One as an exclusive, and would be released on PC with more details to follow at E3 2014.
The PC version, which was released September 5, 2014 has been subject of some controversy after it had been revealed during a Twitch stream of the game that it would be locked at 30 frames per second. Capcom has revealed that the option to unlock the framerate would be available, however they could not guarantee that the game will run smoothly or stable. On June 16, a developer of Dead Rising 3 has revealed on the Steam forums that uncapping the framerate would not cause damage to the game. He performed his tests on three different PCs.
Soundtrack[edit]
Dead Rising 3 (Original Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Various
Released
19 November 2013
Genre
Soundtrack
Label
Sumthing Else Music Works
The soundtrack for Dead Rising 3 was released via Sumthing Else Music Works on November 19, 2013, 3 days before the games release. The soundtrack featured various artists including: Celldweller, Oleksa Lozowchuk, Sascha Dikiciyan, Traz Damji, Brian Reitzell, Dave Genn, Ashtar Command, GIBS, Andrew Kalmbach, Jeremy Soule, and Julian Soule.[28] The standard edition contains 40 songs, while the Sumthing.com exclusive version contains 99 songs.
Downloadable content[edit]
There are 5 downloadable contents, the first 4 are known as Untold Stories of Los Perdidos. Each one focuses on exploring the zombie outbreak in Los Perdidos depicted in the main story, through the point of view of a different survivor, whom Nick met during the main story. The player controls those survivors instead of Nick. The fifth expansion is the non-canon Super Ultra Dead Rising 3 Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX + α, that focuses on beat'em up action.
Frank West & Chuck Greene Tribute Pack (Launch Day):
Exclusive to the Day One Edition of the game. Comes with a Frank West outfit and "Frank's Zombie Slugger" (A baseball bat wrapped in barbwire), a Chuck Greene outfit along with a Paddlesaw (A boat paddle with two chainsaws on each end)
Operation Broken Eagle (2013):
The story of Adam Kane, a Special Forces Commander on a mission to capture the president. He is a psychopath, whom Nick kills in the main story.
Fallen Angel (2013):
The story of Angel Quijano, an illegally infected survivor. She is seen on the main story as part of Annie's group of survivors.
Chaos Rising (2013):
The story of Hunter Thibodeaux, a biker seeking revenge on the people who incarcerated him. He is a psychopath, whom Nick kills using a molotov cocktail in the main story.
The Last Agent (2013):
The story of Brad Park, a ZDC agent searching for the truth about the outbreak.
Nick Ramos Survivor Pack (Season Pass Bonus):
Comes with a "Battle Hardened Nick" costume and Nick's muscle Car.
Super Ultra Dead Rising 3′ Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX + α (2013):
It features four-player co-op, players can control Frank West, Chuck Greene, Katey Greene and Nick Ramos. It also features exclusive costumes which serve as an homage to other Capcom franchises.[29]
Reception[edit]
Reception
Aggregate scores
Aggregator
Score
GameRankings (XONE) 78.45%[30]
(PC) 71.13%[31]
Metacritic (XONE) 78/100[32]
(PC) 70/100[33]
Review scores
Publication
Score
Destructoid 9/10[34]
GameSpot 7/10[35]
GameZone 7/10[36]
IGN 8.3/10[37]
Dead Rising 3 received generally positive reviews. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the Xbox One version 78.45% and 78/100[30][32] and the Microsoft Windows version 71.13% and 70/100.[31][33] GameSpot gave it a 7/10 and said that "Capcom has successfully made Dead Rising 3 a more welcoming experience than its harsh predecessors." While GameSpot praised the silliness and replay value, it criticized the minimal variety and the technical hiccups.[35] IGN gave the game an 8.3/10, saying that "Dead Rising 3 delivers the undead and great tools to kill them with by the truckload." While they enjoyed the number of zombies on screen and the co-op, they critiqued the performance issues and the padding.[37] GameZone's Jake Valentine gave it a 7/10, stating "Dead Rising 3 is a schizophrenic game. The story is absolutely mess and the difficulty has a tendency to spike every now and then, yet the gameplay is beyond enjoyable and it's a blast to explore the game's sandbox."[36]
On January 22, 2014, Capcom announced that the game had sold one million copies.[38] By March 31, 2014, the game had sold 1.2 million copies, setting a new record as the best-selling Xbox One game of all time. It was the second Capcom game after Monster Hunter Portable 3rd to become the best-selling game on the video game console.[39] As of January 2, 2016, the game had sold 1.9 million copies.[40]
Sequel[edit]
At Microsoft's E3 2016 press conference, Dead Rising 4 was announced for Windows 10 and the Xbox One. The game features the return of Frank West as well as a Christmas-themed setting. The title was released on December 6, 2016.[41]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Goldfarb, Andrew (2013-06-10). "E3 2013: Dead Rising 3 Announced". IGN. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ Gaston, Martin (2013-06-10). "Dead Rising 3". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2013-06-13. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ Makuch, Eddie. "Dead Rising 3 PC Release Date Announced". GameSpot. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
Jump up ^ Kubba, Sinan. "Dead Rising 3 launches this holiday as Xbox One exclusive [Update: trailer!]". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ Futter, Mike (2013-06-10). "Dead Rising 3 Exclusive To Xbox One". Game Informer. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Matulef, Jeffrey (2013-06-10). "Dead Rising 3 revealed with open world". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ Moore, Greg (2013-06-10). "Dead Rising 3 announced for Xbox One". Capcom-Unity. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ Coldewey, Devin (2013-06-12). "'Dead Rising 3' brings mad, mad, mad plus furious undead world to Xbox One". NBC News. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
Jump up ^ Kuchera, Ben (2013-06-17). "Xbox One's Dead Rising 3 is super-serious about zombies, and that makes it not so hilarious". Penny Arcade. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
Jump up ^ Mallory, Jordan (2013-06-11). "Dead Rising 3 adds Nightmare mode for die-hard Dead Rising traditionalists". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Dead Rising 3 Review: Zombie Slasher". 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
^ Jump up to: a b Corriea, Alexa Ray (2013-06-10). "Dead Rising 3 coming exclusively to Xbox One this holiday". Polygon. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Shea, Cam (2013-08-20). "Pimp Your Ride in Dead Rising 3". IGN. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
Jump up ^ McCaffrey, Ryan (2013-06-11). "E3 2013: New Dead Rising 3 Details Revealed". IGN. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Mallory, Jordan (2013-06-11). "Dead Rising 3 Kinect and Smartglass integration detailed". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
Jump up ^ Molina, Brett (2013-06-12). "Why you should keep quiet while playing 'Dead Rising 3'". USA Today. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
Jump up ^ White, Sam (2013-06-13). "Dead Rising 3 Kinect and SmartGlass gameplay detailed". Official Xbox Magazine. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
Jump up ^ "Dead Rising 3 review (Xbox One) – Gameplanet Australia". Gameplanet.com.au. 2013-11-19. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
Jump up ^ "TGS: Capcom Showcases Co-op Multiplayer & Super-combo Weapons in Dead Rising 3". News.xbox.com. 2013-09-19. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
Jump up ^ "Super Ultra Dead Rising 3 Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX Plus Alpha Is Actually a Thing". News.xbox.com. 2014-06-10. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
Jump up ^ MacDonald, Keza (2010-10-06). "Dead Rising 2: Inafune Speaks". IGN. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Ingham, Tim (2010-11-15). "Dead Rising 3: Capcom talks digital 'bridge'". Computer and Video Games. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Dead Rising 3 has been announced...". Facebook. 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Scoring a video game...". Facebook. 2012-08-17. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Many of you guys...". Facebook. 2013-06-12. Retrieved 2013-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Raising the Dead on Xbox One: Dead Rising 3 Preview and Interview Feature". AusGamers.com. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
Jump up ^ Dead Rising 3 won't be released in Germany
Jump up ^ "Dead Rising 3 Soundtrack". FiXT Music. FiXT Music. 19 November 2013. Archived from the original (Online Shopping) on 28 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
Jump up ^ http://news.xbox.com/2014/06/11/games-dead-rising-3-dlc-e3/
^ Jump up to: a b "Dead Rising 3 for Xbox One". GameRankings. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dead Rising 3: Apocalypse Edition for PC". GameRankings. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dead Rising 3 for Xbox One Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dead Rising 3: Apocalypse Edition for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dead Rising 3 Review". Destructoid. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dead Rising 3 Review". GameSpot. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Valentine, Jake (November 29, 2013). "Dead Rising 3 Review: This is our city of the dead". GameZone. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dead Rising 3 Review". IGN. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Pitcher, Jenna (January 22, 2014). "Dead Rising 3 hit 1M sales within a month". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Yin-Poole, Wesley (May 8, 2014). "Dead Rising 3 sales rise to 1.2m as Capcom enjoys profit boost". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Platinum Titles". CAPCOM. Archived from the original on 2015-02-08. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
Jump up ^ Sirani, By Jordan. "E3 2016: Dead Rising 4 Release Date Listed on Xbox Store". IGN. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
External links[edit]
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Global ATM Alliance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Global ATM Alliance is a joint venture of several major international banks that allows customers of their banks to use their automated teller machine (ATM) card or debit card at another bank within the alliance with no international ATM access fees. Other fees, such as an international transaction or foreign currency fee, may still apply for some account holders. Participating banks include Australasia, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and South America.
The participating banks are as follows. Some of the listed banks, however, may honor ATM reciprocity only in one country for certain allied banks, e.g., fees may not be charged for Barclays branches in the United Kingdom, but fees may be charged for branches of Barclay's in other countries.
Bank of America (United States)[citation needed]
Barclay's (United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Pakistan, Gibraltar, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, and other countries in Africa)[citation needed]
Barclays Africa Group (South Africa)[citation needed]
BNP Paribas and its affiliate banks (France, Ukraine, Turkey, Poland, Morocco, Italy, New Caledonia, Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Luxembourg[1][2])
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (Italy)[citation needed]
Deutsche Bank (Germany, Poland, Belgium, India, Spain, and Portugal)[citation needed]
Scotiabank (Canada, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Guyana, and the Caribbean)[citation needed]
Westpac (Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Vanuatu, Cook Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands)[citation needed]
Westpac Banking Corporation (Australia, Fiji, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu)[citation needed]
Westpac New Zealand Limited (New Zealand)[citation needed]
Westpac Bank - PNG - Limited (Papua New Guinea)[citation needed]
Westpac Bank Samoa Limited (Samoa)[citation needed]
Westpac Bank of Tonga (Tonga)[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Bank-specific rules and information
1.1 Bank of America account holders
1.2 Westpac Bank account holders
1.2.1 Westpac cash withdrawal fee
1.2.2 Westpac foreign transaction fee
1.3 Barclays account holders
1.4 BNP Paribas account holders
1.5 Deutsche Bank account holders
1.6 Scotiabank account holders
1.7 Tangerine account holders
2 External links
3 References
Bank-specific rules and information[edit]
Bank of America account holders[edit]
There are three separate fees that may apply to Bank of America account holders when using their ATM or debit cards outside the United States:[3]
The 3 percent "international transaction fee" for converting currencies. This fee is not waived under the Global ATM Alliance.
The "non-Bank of America usage fee" for each withdrawal, transfer, or balance inquiry at non-Bank of America ATMs outside the United States. This fee is waived under the Global ATM Alliance within the following coverage areas.
The "ATM operator access fee". This fee is waived under the Global ATM Alliance within the following coverage areas.
Coverage Area
Global ATM Alliance Bank
United Kingdom: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Jersey, Guernsey, and the Channel Islands. Barclays
South Africa ABSA
France BNP Paribas
Italy BNL d'Italia[4]
Germany, Spain Deutsche Bank
Canada, Mexico, Chile, Peru, and the Caribbean, including Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Maarten, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago, the Turks & Caicos Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands. Scotiabank
Australia and New Zealand Westpac Bank
Ukraine UkrSibbank
Turkey TEB
Westpac Bank account holders[edit]
Westpac cash withdrawal fee[edit]
A holder of a Westpac "everyday bank account" or "savings account" may incur a A$5 fee when making a successful cash withdrawal at an ATM outside Australia. This fee does not apply to two types of savings accounts: "eSaver" and "Bump Savings". The fee is waived when using a Mastercard/Cirrus ATM of a participant in the Global ATM Alliance[5] in the following countries:
Country/Territory
MasterCard/Cirrus ATM network
New Zealand Westpac NZ
Fiji, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea Westpac Pacific Banking
France, Italy (under the BNL Brand) BNP Paribas
Ukraine Ukrsibbank - Private Bank
Germany, Spain, Poland Deutsche Bank
United Kingdom, Gibraltar, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, the Seychelles, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Barclays Bank
South Africa ABSA
USA Bank of America
China Bank of Nanjing
Singapore POSB
Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan DBS
Indonesia, Malaysia CIMB
Canada, Chile, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, and the Caribbean. The Caribbean countries are: Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles (Saint Maarten), Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos, the US Virgin Islands. Scotiabank
Westpac foreign transaction fee[edit]
A holder of a Westpac "everyday bank account" or "savings account" may incur a foreign transaction fee equal to 3 percent of the Australian dollars transaction amount when making a debit or credit card withdrawal at an ATM outside Australia. This fee is composed of the 2 percent Westpac processing fee and the 1 percent Westpac on-charged scheme fee.[5] This fee is not waived when using an ATM of the Global ATM Alliance.[6]
Barclays account holders[edit]
A customer can withdraw cash from a Barclays account from a cash machine in the Global Alliance without transaction charges. If the customer uses a cash machine that isn't in the Global Alliance or use a Barclaycard, additional charges apply.
For Barclays account holders:
Coverage Area
Bank Name
Australia Westpac Bank
Canada Scotiabank
France BNP Paribas
Germany Deutsche Bank
Guatemala Scotiabank
Mexico Scotiabank
New Zealand Westpac Bank
Pacific Islands Westpac Bank
South Africa Barclays Africa (formerly ABSA)
Ukraine UkrSibbank
United States Bank of America
Great Britain, Worldwide Barclays
BNP Paribas account holders[edit]
Consorsbank (Germany) customers are eligible for free cash withdrawals from ATMs operated by:
- Bank of America (USA) - BNP Paribas (France) - BNL Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro (Italy) - Barclays United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Channel Islands) - Deutsche Bank (including in Portugal) - Scotiabank (Canada and the Caribbean) - Westpac Bank (Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Cook Islands, Papua New-Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands) - UKRSIBBank (Ukraine)
Deutsche Bank account holders[edit]
For Deutsche Bank account holders:
Coverage Area
Bank Name
Germany and worldwide Deutsche Bank
United States Bank of America
Great Britain, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Barclays
France BNP Paribas
Canada, Chile Scotiabank
Australia, New Zealand Westpac Bank
Scotiabank account holders[edit]
Similar to Bank of America, Scotiabank only waives the ATM fee at partner institutions for certain countries. The Scotiabank website includes a table with a column title "Going to" and a column title "Use this ABM".[7] The specific combination of each country and each bank are the only ATMs where the fee will be waived. For instance, for BNP Paribas, the fees will only be waived in France and some French overseas departments and territories, but not BNP Paribas locations in Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg.
Tangerine account holders[edit]
Tangerine will waive the international ABM access fee and Global ATM Alliance members will waive any terminal convenience or usage fees for any withdrawal transactions performed at Global ATM Alliance machines with a Tangerine client card. "Free access" does not apply to Scotiabank ABMs in Costa Rica, Haiti, Panama or Uruguay.[8][9]
External links[edit]
Bank of America
Bank of America ATM and Banking Center Locator
Bank of America Schedule of Fees - June 5, 2009
Bank of America Schedule of Fees - California - June 5, 2009
Westpac
Westpac - Accessing your accounts overseas
Westpac Terms and Conditions - Deposit Accounts for Personal Customers - 1st June 2009
Westpac Media Release: Global ATM Alliance
Scotiabank
Scotiabank - Global ATM Alliance
Five big banks form Global ATM Alliance
French bank joins new Global ATM Alliance
BNP Paribas joins global ATM alliance
UkrSibbank- Global ATM alliance
BNL d'Italia Bank Locator
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.westpac.co.nz/fx-travel-migrant/travel/atm-global-alliance/
Jump up ^ http://www.bnpparibas.com/en/news/bnp-paribas-international-bank-serving-local-clients
Jump up ^ "FAQs: ATMs and ATM Fees - What is the Global ATM Alliance?". Bank of America. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Learn about using ATM cards and debit cards outside the United States (Bank of America login required)". Retrieved August 1, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Deposit accounts for personal and self-managed superannuation fund customers." (PDF). Westpac Banking Corporation. April 8, 2017. pp. 36, 38. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Using ATMs overseas". Westpac Banking Corporation. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Scotiabank - Global ATM Alliance". scotiabank.com. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Tangerine Bank: ABM Locator". tangerine.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Tangerine Bank Fair Fees Schedule" (PDF). tangerine.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_ATM_Alliance&oldid=779145272"
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A Nightmare on Elm Street
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other works in the franchise, see A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise) and List of A Nightmare on Elm Street media.
For other uses, see A Nightmare on Elm Street (disambiguation).
A Nightmare on Elm Street
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Wes Craven
Produced by
Robert Shaye
Written by
Wes Craven
Starring
John Saxon
Ronee Blakley
Heather Langenkamp
Amanda Wyss
Nick Corri
Johnny Depp
Robert Englund
Music by
Charles Bernstein
Cinematography
Jacques Haitkin
Edited by
Patrick McMahon
Rick Shaine
Production
companies
New Line Cinema
Media Home Entertainment
Smart Egg Pictures[1]
Distributed by
New Line Cinema
Release date
November 9, 1984 (1984-11-09)
Running time
91 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$1.8 million[3]
Box office
$25.5 million[4]
A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American supernatural slasher film[5] written and directed by Wes Craven, and the first film of the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise. The film stars Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Amanda Wyss, Jsu Garcia, Robert Englund, and Johnny Depp in his feature film debut. The plot revolves around four teenagers who are stalked and killed in their dreams (and thus killed in reality) by Freddy Krueger. The teenagers are unaware of the cause of this strange phenomenon, but their parents hold a dark secret from long ago.
Craven filmed A Nightmare on Elm Street on an estimated budget of $1.8 million,[3] a sum the film earned back during its first week.[4] The film went on to gross over $25 million at the United States box office.[4] A Nightmare on Elm Street was met with rave critical reviews and went on to make a very significant impact on the horror genre, spawning a franchise consisting of a line of sequels, a television series, a crossover with Friday the 13th, beyond various other works of imitation; a remake of the same name was released in 2010.[6][7]
The film is credited with carrying on many tropes found in low-budget horror films of the 1970s and 1980s, originating in John Carpenter's 1978 horror film Halloween, including the morality play that revolves around sexual promiscuity in teenagers resulting in their eventual death, leading to the term "slasher film".[7][8] Critics and film historians state that the film's premise is the struggle to define the distinction between dreams and reality, manifested by the lives and dreams of the teens in the film.[9] Critics today praise the film's ability to transgress "the boundaries between the imaginary and real",[10] toying with audience perceptions.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Writing
3.3 Casting
3.4 Filming
3.5 Censorship issues
4 Themes
5 Distribution
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical reception
6.3 Later reception
6.4 Accolades
7 Remakes
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Plot[edit]
Fifteen-year-old Tina Gray is stalked through a boiler room and attacked by a disfigured man wearing a blade-fixed glove. She awakens from the nightmare, but her mother points out four mysterious slashes on her nightgown.
The following morning, Tina is consoled by her best friend Nancy Thompson and her boyfriend Glen Lantz. Later, Nancy and Glen sleep at Tina's following her mother's out-of-town departure; the sleepover is interrupted by Tina's boyfriend Rod Lane. Falling asleep, Tina sees the man and runs. Awakened by Tina's thrashing, Rod witnesses her being fatally slashed by an unseen force. He flees as Nancy and Glen find Tina, mistakenly blaming Rod. Nancy tells her father, Lieutenant Don Thompson, of Tina's death.
The next day, Rod is arrested by Don, despite his pleas of innocence. At school, Nancy falls asleep in class and finds the man, calling himself Freddy Krueger, chasing her in the boiler room. Nancy burns her arm on a pipe and then awakens. She notices the burn mark on her arm and is concerned. At home, Nancy falls asleep in the bathtub and nearly gets drowned by Freddy. Nancy goes to Rod, who tells her what happened to Tina, and Nancy believes Freddy is responsible for Tina's death.
Nancy has Glen watch over her as she falls asleep. She tries to find Freddy and sees him preparing to kill Rod. He turns his attention on her; she runs and wakes up when her alarm clock goes off. Nancy and Glen go to the jail and discover Rod dead in his cell in an apparent suicide. At Rod's funeral, Nancy's parents become worried when she describes the man in her dreams. Her mother Marge takes her to a dream clinic. In her dream, Nancy is attacked again and grabs Freddy's hat. When the staff wake her up, she has a gash on her arm and Freddy's hat in her possession.
At home, Marge bars the windows and begins drinking heavily. She tells Nancy that Freddy was a child murderer released on a technicality. In a form of vigilante justice, the parents in the neighborhood burned him alive. Realizing that Freddy desires revenge, Nancy convinces Glen to help her. She plans to take Freddy into the real world, and sets up booby traps in her house. Concerned over her influence, Glen's parents prevent the two from meeting. Glen falls asleep at their appointed hour, and Freddy kills him and releases his blood in a large fountain in his room, which is witnessed by Glen's mother.
Alone, Nancy puts Marge to bed and asks Don, who is across the street, to break into the house in twenty minutes. In her sleep, she locates Freddy at the last second and pulls him out of the dream. In the real world, Nancy runs from Freddy, who trips on the booby traps. She lights him on fire, locks him in the basement, and rushes to the door for help. The police arrive, and they realize Freddy has escaped the basement. In Marge's bedroom, they see a still-burning Freddy smother her. After Don puts out the fire, Freddy and Marge have vanished. Despite her father's words, Nancy believes she is still in danger.
Freddy attacks Nancy once again. Realizing he is powered by his victim's fear, she calmly turns her back on him, reducing him to nothingness. She steps outside into a bright morning where all of her friends and mother are still alive. She gets into Glen's car to go to school when the top comes down and suddenly locks them in. As the car is driven uncontrollably down the street, Marge is grabbed through the window of their front door by Freddy's gloved hand and is dragged through it to her apparent death.
Cast[edit]
See also: List of cast members of the Nightmare on Elm Street series
The cast of A Nightmare on Elm Street included a crew of veteran actors such as Robert Englund and John Saxon, as well as several aspiring young actors including Johnny Depp and Heather Langenkamp.
Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger
John Saxon as Lt. Don Thompson
Heather Langenkamp as Nancy Thompson
Johnny Depp as Glen Lantz
Ronee Blakley as Marge Thompson
Amanda Wyss as Christina “Tina” Gray
Nick Corri as Rod Lane
Leslie Hoffman as Hall Guard
Joe Unger as Sgt. Garcia
Charles Fleischer as Dr. King
Joseph Whipp as Sgt. Parker
Lin Shaye as Teacher
Mimi Craven as Nurse
Jack Shea as Minister
Ed Call as Mr. Lantz
Sandy Lipton as Mrs. Lantz
David Andrews as Foreman
Jeff Levine as Coroner
Donna Woodrum as Mrs. Gray
Paul Grenier as Mrs. Gray's Boyfriend
Ash Adams and Don Hannah as Surfers
Shashawnee Hall, Brian Reise and Carol Pritikin as Cops
Kathi Gibbs, John Richard Peterson, Chris Tashima and Antonia Yannouli as Kids (uncredited)
The task of creating Krueger's disfigured face fell to makeup man David Miller, who based his creation on photographs of burn victims he obtained from the UCLA Medical Center.[12]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
"It was a series of articles in the LA Times, three small articles about men from South East Asia, who were from immigrant families and had died in the middle of nightmares—and the paper never correlated them, never said, ‘Hey, we’ve had another story like this."
— Wes Craven on the film's creation[13]
A Nightmare on Elm Street contains many biographical elements, taking inspiration from director Wes Craven's childhood.[14] The basis of the film was inspired by several newspaper articles printed in the Los Angeles Times in the 1970s on a group of Southeast Asian refugees, who, after fleeing to the United States from the results of war and genocide in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, were suffering disturbing nightmares, after which they refused to sleep. Some of the men died in their sleep soon after. Medical authorities called the phenomenon Asian Death Syndrome. The condition itself afflicted only men between the ages of 19 and 57 and is believed to be sudden unexplained death syndrome or Brugada syndrome, or both.[15] The 1970s pop song "Dream Weaver" by Gary Wright sealed the story for Craven, giving him not only an artistic setting to "jump off" from, but a synthesizer riff from the Elm Street soundtrack as well.[16] Craven has also stated that he drew some inspiration for the film from Eastern religions.[17]
Other sources also attribute the inspiration for the film to be a 1968 student film project made by students of Craven's at Clarkson University. The student film parodied contemporary horror films, and was filmed along Elm Street in Potsdam, New York[18][19] (the town in the film was named Madstop—Potsdam spelled backwards).[20]
The film's villain, Freddy Krueger, draws heavily from Craven's early life. One night, a young Craven saw an elderly man walking on the sidepath outside the window of his home. The man stopped to glance at a startled Craven and walked off. This served as the inspiration for Krueger.[14] Initially, Fred Krueger was intended to be a child molester, but Craven eventually characterized him as a child murderer to avoid being accused of exploiting a spate of highly publicized child molestation cases that occurred in California around the time of production of the film.[12]
By Craven's account, his own adolescent experiences led to the naming of Freddy Krueger. He had been bullied at school by a child named Fred Krueger, and he named his villain accordingly.[12] Additionally, Craven had done the same in his earlier film The Last House on the Left (1972), where the villain's name was shortened to "Krug". The colored sweater he chose for his villain was based on the DC Comics character Plastic Man, and Craven chose to make Krueger's sweater red and green, after reading an article in Scientific American in 1982 that said the two most clashing colors to the human retina were this particular combination.[13]
Craven strove to make Krueger different from other horror-film villains of the era. "A lot of the killers were wearing masks: Leatherface, Michael Myers, Jason," he recalled in 2014. "I wanted my villain to have a 'mask,' but be able to talk and taunt and threaten. So I thought of him being burned and scarred." He also felt the killer should use something other than a knife, which was too common. "So I thought, How about a glove with steak knives? I gave the idea to our special-effects guy, Jim Doyle." Ultimately two models of the glove were built: one called the "hero glove" used only whenever anything needs to be cut, and the other a stunt glove less likely to cause injury.[21]
Writing[edit]
Wes Craven began writing A Nightmare on Elm Street's screenplay around 1981, after he had finished production on Swamp Thing (1982). He pitched it to several studios, but each one of them rejected it for different reasons. The first studio to show interest was Walt Disney Productions, although they wanted Craven to tone down the content to make it suitable for children and pre-teens. Craven declined.[12][13] Another early suitor was Paramount Pictures; however the studios passed on the project due to A Nightmare on Elm Street's similarity to Dreamscape (1984), a film they were producing at the time. Universal Studios also passed; Craven, who was in desperate personal and financial straits during this period, later framed their rejection letter on the wall of his office.[21]
Finally, the fledgling and independent New Line Cinema corporation—which had up to that point only distributed films, rather than making its own—gave the project the go-ahead.[12] During filming, New Line's distribution deal for the film fell through and for two weeks it was unable to pay its cast and crew. Although New Line has gone on to make much bigger and more profitable films, Nightmare holds such an important place in the company's history that the studio is often referred to as "The House That Freddy Built".[22]
Casting[edit]
Actor David Warner was originally slated to play Freddy.[23] Make-up tests were done,[24] but he had to drop out due to scheduling conflicts. Replacing him was difficult at first. "I couldn’t find an actor to play Freddy Krueger with the sense of ferocity I was seeking," Craven recalled on the film's 30th anniversary. "Everyone was too quiet, too compassionate towards children. Then Robert Englund auditioned. [He] wasn’t as tall I’d hoped, and he had baby fat on his face, but he impressed me with his willingness to go to the dark places in his mind. Robert understood Freddy."[21]
To get that understanding, Englund had darkened his lower eyelids with cigarette ash on his way to the audition and slicked his hair back. "I looked strange. I sat there and listened to Wes talk. He was tall and preppy and erudite. I posed a bit, like Klaus Kinski, and that was the audition," he said later. He took the part because it was the only project that fit his schedule during the hiatus between the V miniseries and series.[21]
Craven said he wanted someone very "non-Hollywood" for the role of Nancy, and he believed Langenkamp met this quality.[14] Langenkamp, who had appeared in several commercials and a TV film, took time off from her studies at Stanford to continue acting.[21] Eventually she landed the role of Nancy Thompson after an open audition, beating out more than 200 actresses including Demi Moore, Courteney Cox, Tracey Gold, and Jennifer Grey.[25] Langenkamp returned as Nancy in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987), and also played herself in Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994).
Johnny Depp was another unknown when he was cast; he initially went to accompany a friend (Jackie Earle Haley, who went on to play Freddy in the 2010 remake) so he could audition, yet eventually got the part of Glen.[14] Glen Lantz's epic death in this movie is paid homage to by a flashback in Freddy vs. Jason and Depp gets his own nod in a cameo role in Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare as a guy on TV.[26] Craven's daughters picked Depp's headshot from the set he showed them.[21] Other actors such as Charlie Sheen (who wanted too much money[21]), John Cusack, Kiefer Sutherland, Nicolas Cage, and C. Thomas Howell were considered.[citation needed]
Filming[edit]
According to Shaye, all the film's original investors backed out at one point or another during pre-production. The original budget was merely $700,000. "It ended up at $1.1 million ... Half the funding came from a Yugoslavian guy who had a girlfriend he wanted in movies."[21]
Principal photography began in June 1984 in several locations throughout Los Angeles, California. The fictional address of the house that appears in the film is 1428 Elm Street; the actual house is a private home located in Los Angeles on 1428 North Genesee Avenue.[27][28] During production, over 500 gallons of fake blood were used for the special effects production.[29] For the famous blood geyser sequence, the filmmakers used the same revolving room set that was used for Tina's death.
They put the set so that it was upside down and attached the camera so that it looked like the room was right side up, then they poured gallons of red water into the room, because the normal film blood would not make the right effect for the geyser. During the filming of this scene, the blood poured in an unexpected way causing the rotating room to spin. Much of the blood spilled out of the bedroom window covering Craven and Langenkamp.[30] The scene where Nancy is attacked by Krueger in her bathtub was accomplished with a special bottomless tub. The tub was put in a bathroom set that was built over a swimming pool. During the underwater sequence Heather Langenkamp was replaced with a stuntwoman. The "melting staircase" as seen in Nancy's dream was Robert Shaye's idea; it was created using pancake mix.[30]
Jsu Garcia, who was credited as Rod under the name "Nick Corri", says the production was difficult for him. He had recently come off a period of homelessness, and was still dealing with the depression from that by snorting heroin in the bathroom between takes. In 2014, he revealed that he was high on that drug during the scene between him and Langenkamp in his jail cell. "His eyes were watery and they weren’t focused," Langenkamp said. "I thought, Wow, he’s giving the best performance of his life."[21]
A scene from Sam Raimi's The Evil Dead appears on a television when Nancy is trying to stay awake about halfway through. This was in response to Raimi featuring a Hills Have Eyes poster in the film. Craven was so impressed that he included it on the TV, and in return a Freddy Krueger glove was featured in the tool shed in Evil Dead II: Dead by Dawn.[citation needed]
Wes Craven originally planned for the film to have a more evocative ending: Nancy kills Krueger by ceasing to believe in him, then awakes to discover that everything that happened in the film was an elongated nightmare. However, New Line leader Robert Shaye demanded a twist ending, in which Krueger disappears and the film all appears to have been a dream, only for the audience to discover that they are watching a dream-within-a-dream-within-a-dream, where Fred reappears as a car that "kidnaps" Nancy and her friends, followed by Fred reaching through a window on the front door to pull Nancy's mother inside.[30] Both a happy ending and a twist ending were filmed, but the final film used the twist ending. As a result, Craven (who never wanted the film to be an ongoing franchise), dropped out of working on the first sequel, Freddy's Revenge (1985).[30] Production wrapped in July, and was rushed to get it ready for its November release.
Censorship issues[edit]
When the film was submitted to the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system (MPAA), two cuts were required to grant it an R rating[16] The theatrical version was released with an R rating and 13 seconds of cuts. In the U.K. the film was released theatrically and on home video uncut.[31] The Australian theatrical release would see the film edited to an M rating,[32] but the uncut version on VHS home video in 1985 with an Australian R rating.[33] The uncut version would not see a U.S. release until the 1996 Elite Entertainment Laserdisc release.[34] However all DVD, digital and Blu-ray releases use the R-rated theatrical version, meaning the uncut version has yet to be released on a digital format.[31]
Themes[edit]
Freddy exclusively attacks teenagers and his actions have been interpreted as symbolic of the often traumatic experiences of adolescence.[35] Nancy, like the archetypal teenager, experiences social anxiety and her relationship with her parents becomes very strained. Sexuality is present in Freudian images and is almost exclusively displayed in a threatening and mysterious context (e.g., Tina's death visually evokes a rape, Freddy's glove between Nancy's legs in the bath). The original script actually called for Krueger to be a child molester, rather than a child killer, before being murdered.[36]
"In Nightmare, all the adults are damaged: They're alcoholic, they're on pills, they're not around," Englund has observed. Blakley says the parents in the film "verge on being villains." Englund adds: "The adolescents have to wade through that, and Heather is the last girl standing. She lives. She defeats Freddy." Langenkamp agrees: "Nightmare is a feminist movie, but I look at it more as a 'youth power' film."[21]
Distribution[edit]
Home media[edit]
The film was first introduced to the home video market by Media Home Entertainment in early 1985 and was eventually released on Laserdisc. It has since been released on DVD, first in 1999 in the United States as part of the Nightmare on Elm Street Collection box set (along with the other six sequels), and once again in Restored "Infinifilm" Special Edition in 2006, containing various special features with contributions from Wes Craven, Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon and the director of photography.
The Special Edition consisted of two DVDs, one with the film picture and sound restored (DTS 5.1, Dolby Digital 5.1 and original mono audio track) and another DVD with special features. Along with the restored version of the film, DVD 1 also had two commentaries, and other nightmares (if not all) from the film's sequels (2–7 and Freddy Vs. Jason). It also included additional, extended or alternate scenes of the film, such as one scene where Marge reveals to Nancy that she had another sibling who was killed by Freddy. These unused clips/scenes were not included or added in the film but could be viewed separately from the DVD's menus.
On April 13, 2010, the film was released on Blu-ray Disc by Warner Home Video,[37] with all the same extras from the 2006 Special Edition included.[38] A new DVD box set containing all of the films up to that point was released on the same day.[39]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
A Nightmare on Elm Street premiered in the United States with a limited theatrical release on November 9, 1984, opening in 165 cinemas across the country.[4] Grossing $1,271,000 during its opening weekend, the film was considered an instant commercial success. The film eventually earned a total of $25,504,513 at the American box office.[4] Additionally, A Nightmare on Elm Street was released in Europe, Canada and Australia.[40]
Critical reception[edit]
In a contemporary review, Kim Newman wrote in the Monthly Film Bulletin that A Nightmare on Elm Street was closer to a Stephen King adaptation with its small-town setting, and "invented monster myth".[1] Newman concluded that the film found "Craven emerging from the his recent career slump (Swamp Thing, The Hills Have Eyes Part 2, Invitation to Hell) with a fine, perhaps definitive bogeyman to back him up." and that the film was "a superior example of an over-worked genre".[1] Paul Attanasio of The Washington Post praised the film, stating that "for such a low-budget movie, Nightmare on Elm Street is extraordinarily polished. The script is consistently witty, the camera work (by cinematographer Jacques Haitkin) is crisp and expressive."[41] The review noted that "the genre has built-in limitations [...] but Craven faces the challenge admirably; "A Nightmare on Elm Street" is halfway between an exploitation flick and classic surrealism". The review also commented on Freddy Krueger, calling him "the most chilling figure in the genre since "The Shape" made his debut in "Halloween"."[41] Variety commented that the film was "a highly imaginative horror film", praising the special effects while finding that the film "fails to tie up his thematic threads satisfyingly at the conclusion."[42]
The review commented negatively on some of the scenes involving Nancy's family, noting that "the movie's worst scenes involve Nancy and her alcoholic mother".[41] On the character development, Newman stated that "the impression that about two hundred pages worth of characterisation has been compressed into cliché details like boozy Ronee Blakley demonstrating her renewed self-respect by throwing away a half-full bottle."[1] Newman also said that the nightmares in the film worked against itself, stating that "while the kissing telephone and bottomless bathtub are disorienting in the [David] Cronenberg spirit, they get in the way of the relentless, pursuing-monster aspect that Carpenter manages so well."[1]
Later reception[edit]
Author Ian Conrich praised the film's ability to rupture "the boundaries between the imaginary and real",[43] and critic James Berardinelli said it toys with audience perceptions.[11] Kelly Bulkeley interpreted the overriding theme as a social subtext, "the struggles of adolescents in American society".[44]
The film has a 94% approval rating based on 47 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes with and average rating of 7.7/10 and with the site's consensus saying: "Wes Craven's intelligent premise, combined with the horrifying visual appearance of Freddy Krueger, still causes nightmares to this day."[45] The film is also considered one of the best of 1984 by Filmsite.org.[46] In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the past 30 years.[47] It ranked at #17 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments (2004), a five-hour program that selected cinema's scariest moments. In 2003, Freddy Krueger was named the 40th greatest film villain on American Film Institute's "100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains".[48] In 2008, Empire ranked A Nightmare on Elm Street 162nd on their list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".[49] It also was selected by The New York Times as one of "The Best 1000 Movies Ever Made".[50]
American Film Institute recognition
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills — Nominated[51]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains — #40, Freddy Krueger, Villain
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: "One, two, Freddy's coming for you..." — Nominated[52]
Accolades[edit]
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Best Horror Film (1985) (nomination)
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Best Performance by a Young Actor – Jsu Garcia (1985) (nomination)
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Best DVD Classic Film Release (2007) (nomination)
Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival – Critics Award – Wes Craven (1985) (won)
Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival – Special Mention for Acting – Heather Langenkamp (1985) (won)[53]
Remakes[edit]
In 2010, a remake was released, also titled A Nightmare on Elm Street, starring Jackie Earle Haley as Freddy Krueger. The film was produced by Michael Bay, directed by Samuel Bayer and written by the team of Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer. The film was intended as a reboot to the franchise, but plans for a sequel never came to fruition.
On August 7, 2015, it was reported that New Line Cinema was developing a second remake with Orphan writer David Leslie Johnson.[54] Englund expressed interest in returning to the series in a cameo role.[55]
See also[edit]
1980s portal
A Nightmare on Elm Street portal
List of ghost films
List of monster movies
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Newman, Kim (1985). "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Monthly Film Bulletin. British Film Institute. 52 (612): 283–284.
Jump up ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (18)". British Board of Film Classification. May 28, 1985. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b John Kenneth Muir, "Career Overview" in Wes Craven: The Art of Horror (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Company, 1998), p. 18, ISBN 0-7864-1923-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e A Nightmare on Elm Street at Box Office Mojo; last accessed June 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fujishima, Kenji (2016-01-14). "Revisiting all 8 of Freddy's nightmares, the richest of the slasher franchises". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
Jump up ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on January 12, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Jim Harper, Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide to Slasher Movies (Manchester, Eng.: Headpress, 2004), p. 126, ISBN 1-900486-39-3.
Jump up ^ Rick Worland, The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), p. 106, ISBN 1-4051-3902-1.
Jump up ^ Kelly Bulkeley, Visions of the Night: Dreams, Religion, and Psychology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), p. 108; see also chap. 11: "Dreamily Deconstructing the Dream Factory: The Wizard of Oz and Nightmare on Elm Street," ISBN 0-7914-4283-7.
Jump up ^ Ian Conrich, "Seducing the Subject: Fred Krueger, Popular Culture and the Nightmare on Elm Street Films" in Trash Aesthetics: Popular Culture and its Audience, ed. Deborah Cartmell, I. Q. Hunter, Heldi Kaye and Imelda Whelehan (London: Pluto Press, 2004), p. 119, ISBN 0-7453-1202-0.
^ Jump up to: a b James Berardinelli, review of A Nightmare on Elm Street, at ReelViews; last accessed August 30, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rockoff, Adam, Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986 (McFarland & Company, 2002), p. 151, ISBN 0-7864-1227-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Biodrowski, Steve (October 15, 2008). "Wes Craven on Dreaming Up Nightmares". Cinefantastique. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "A Nightmare on Elm Street (Digitally Remastered): Heather Langenkamp, Johnny Depp, Robert Englund, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Amanda Wyss, Jsu Garcia, Charles Fleischer, Joseph Whipp, Lin Shaye, Joe Unger, Mimi Craven, Jacques Haitkin, Wes Craven, John H. Burrows, Joseph Wolf, Robert Shaye, Sara Risher, Stanley Dudelson". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Jump up ^ "Update: Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome Among Southeast Asian Re fugees - United States". Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Wes Craven. A Nightmare on Elm Street DVD audio commentary.
Jump up ^ Dave Canfield (2005-08-19). "WES CRAVEN INTERVIEW - ScreenAnarchy". Twitchfilm.net. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Jump up ^ Mary Konecnik (November 10, 2008). "History of Potsdam's A Nightmare on Elm St.". Clarksonintegrator.com. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
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Jump up ^ "Trivia for A Nightmare On Elm Street". Pitofhorror.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Marks, Craig; Tannenbaum, Rob (October 20, 2014). "Freddy Lives: An Oral History of A Nightmare on Elm Street". Vulture. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ A Nightmare on Elm Street at DVD Revire Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.; accessed November 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy [Blu-ray]: Robert Englund, Heather Langenkamp, Wes Craven, Lisa Wilcox, Alice Cooper, Andrew Kasch, Daniel Farrands, Thommy Hutson". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Jump up ^ "Photographic image of Freddy Krueger" (JPG). 3.bp.blogpsot.com. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Jump up ^ Heather Langenkamp interview at The Arrow; last accessed November 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ JohnnyDeppMoviesList.org. "Johnny Depp A Nightmare on Elm Street". Johnny Depp Movies List. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gary Wayne. "The Nightmare on Elm Street House (photo)". Seeing-stars.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
Jump up ^ "Frightful Facts" at House of Horrors; last accessed November 22, 207.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Never Sleep Again: The Making of A Nightmare on Elm Street, documentary on the Special Edition 2006 DVD of A Nightmare on Elm Street (2006, New Line Cinema Entertainment), B000GETUDI.
^ Jump up to: a b Melon Farmers. "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 US horror film by Wes Craven.". melonfarmers.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Jump up ^ Australian Classification Board. "NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET, A(35MM)". www.classification.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Jump up ^ Australian Classification Board. "NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET, A(VIDEOTAPE)". www.classification.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Jump up ^ Nightmare On Elm Street Films. "Nightmare On Elm Street Films". nightmareonelmstreetfilms.com. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Jump up ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Notcoming.com. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Jump up ^ Robb, Brian (October 31, 2000). Screams and Nightmares: The Films of Wes Craven. Overlook TP. ISBN 1-58567-090-1.
Jump up ^ High-Def Digest (Jan 7, 2010). "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)' Announced for Blu-ray". High Def Digest. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dread Central (Jan 7, 2010). "The Original A Nightmare on Elm Street Coming to Blu-ray!". Dread Central. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dread Central (Jan 7, 2010). "New Elm Street Box Set Coming! Wait Until You See the Cover!". Dread Central. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) : Release Info". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Attanasio, Paul (January 23, 1985). "The Gore of Your Dreams". The Washington Post. p. D2. ISSN 0190-8286.
Jump up ^ "Review: ‘A Nightmare on Elm Street’". Retrieved January 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ian Conrich, "Seducing the Subject: Freddy Krueger, Popular Culture and the Nightmare on Elm Street Films" in Trash Aesthetics: Popular Culture and its Audience, ed. Deborah Cartmell, I. Q. Hunter, Heldi Kaye and Imelda Whelehan (London: Pluto Press, 2004), p. 119, ISBN 0-7453-1202-0.
Jump up ^ Kelly Bulkeley, Visions of the Night: Dreams, Religion, and Psychology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), p. 108; see also chap. 11: "Dreamily Deconstructing the Dream Factory: The Wizard of Oz and A Nightmare on Elm Street," ISBN 0-7914-4283-7.
Jump up ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Films of 1984". AMC Filmsite.org. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "IFTA Picks 30 Most Significant Indie Films". The Wrap. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains" (PDF). AFI.com. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire magazine. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made". The New York Times. April 29, 2003. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "American Film Institute's list of 400 movies nominated for the top 100 Most Heart-Pounding American Movies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American Film Institute's list of 400 movie quotes nominated for the top 100 movie quotations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street". IMDB.com. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nightmare on Elm Street Gets Remake With Writer of Horror Flick Orphan". usmagazine.com. 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2015-08-09.
Jump up ^ http://www.inquisitr.com/3165885/robert-englund-wants-to-come-back-for-a-nightmare-on-elm-street-remake/
Further reading[edit]
Badley, Linda. Film, Horror, and the Body Fantastic. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995. ISBN 0-313-27523-8.
Baird, Robert. "The Startle Effect: Implications for Spectator Cognition and Media Theory." Film Quarterly 53 (No. 3, Spring 2000): pp. 12 – 24.
Carroll, Noël. "The Nature of Horror." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 46 (No. 1, Autumn 1987): pp. 51 – 59.
Christensen, Kyle. "The Final Girl versus Wes Craven's "A Nightmare on Elm Street":Proposing a Stronger Model of Feminism in Slasher Horror Cinema." Studies in Popular Culture 34 (No. 1, Fall 2011): pp. 23 - 47.
Cumbow, Robert C. Order in the Universe: The Films of John Carpenter. 2nd ed., Lanham, Md.: Scarcrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8108-3719-6.
Johnson, Kenneth. "The Point of View of the Wandering Camera." Cinema Journal 32 (No. 2, Winter 1993): pp. 49 – 56.
King, Stephen. Danse Macabre. New York: Berkley Books, 1981. ISBN 0-425-10433-8.
Prince, Stephen, ed. The Horror Film. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8135-3363-5.
Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. Horror Film and Psychoanalysis: Freud's Worst Nightmare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-82521-0.
Williams, Tony. Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8386-3564-4.
External links[edit]
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values: كابوس شارع إيلم – Arabic

values: Qarağac küçəsində qarabasma (film, 1984) – Azerbaijani

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values: Кошмари на Елм Стрийт (филм, 1984) – Bulgarian

values: Εφιάλτης στο Δρόμο με τις Λεύκες – Greek

values: Nightmare - Dal profondo della notte – Emiliano-Romagnolo

values: A Nightmare on Elm Street (película de 1984) – Spanish

values: کابوس در خیابان الم (فیلم ۱۹۸۴) – Persian

values: 나이트메어 (영화) – Korean

values: Strava u Ulici Brijestova (1984.) – Croatian

values: Nightmare - Dal profondo della notte – Italian

values: סיוט ברחוב אלם – Hebrew

values: A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) – Dutch

values: エルム街の悪夢 – Japanese

values: Coșmar pe Strada Ulmilor (film) – Romanian

values: Кошмар на улице Вязов (фильм, 1984) – Russian

values: A Nightmare on Elm Street – Simple English

values: Страва у Улици брестова – Serbian

values: Кошмар на вулиці В'язів (фільм, 1984) – Ukrainian

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