text:
Carlos Slim
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 August 2018.
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For his son, see Carlos Slim Domit.
This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Slim and the second or maternal family name is Helú.
Carlos Slim
Carlos Slim in 2012
Born
Carlos Slim Helú
(1940-01-28) January 28, 1940 (age 78)
Mexico City, Mexico
Residence
Mexico City, Mexico
Nationality
Mexican
Education
Civil engineering
Alma mater
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Known for
CEO of Telmex, América Móvil, and Grupo Carso
World's richest person, 2010-13
Net worth
US$67.4 billion[1] (2018)
Spouse(s)
Soumaya Domit (m. 1967–1999; her death)
Children
6, including Carlos
Website
Official website
Carlos Slim Helú (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾlos ezˈlim eˈlu]; born January 28, 1940) is a Mexican business magnate, engineer, investor and philanthropist.[2][3] From 2010 to 2013, Slim was ranked as the richest person in the world by the Forbes business magazine.[1][4] He derived his fortune from his extensive holdings in a considerable number of Mexican companies through his conglomerate, Grupo Carso.[5] As of August 2018, he is the seventh-richest person in the world according to Forbes' listing of The World's Billionaires with a net worth estimated at $67.4 billion.[1] He is the richest man in Mexico.[6]
His conglomerate includes education, health care, industrial manufacturing, transportation, real estate, media, energy, hospitality, entertainment, high-technology, retail, sports and financial services.[2][3][7][8] He accounts for 40% of the listings on the Mexican Stock Exchange,[7] while his net worth is equivalent to about 6 percent of Mexico’s gross domestic product.[9]
Contents
1 Early life
2 Business career
2.1 1960s
2.2 1970s
2.3 1980s
2.4 1990s
2.5 2000s
2.6 2010s
3 Family and personal life
3.1 Personal life
4 Personal fortune
4.1 Wealth
4.2 Real estate
5 Philanthropy
5.1 Fundación Carlos Slim Helú
5.2 Fundación Telmex
5.3 Fundación del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México A.C.
6 Awards
7 Criticism
8 References
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Slim was born on January 28, 1940, in Mexico City,[10] to Julián Slim Haddad (born Khalil Salim Haddad Aglamaz) and Linda Helú Atta, both Maronite Catholics from Lebanon.[11][12][13]
Slim always knew he wanted to be a businessman, and he began to develop his business and investment acumen at a young age.[4][14] He received business lessons from his father Julián, who taught him finance, management and accounting, teaching him how to read financial statements as well as the importance of keeping accurate financial records, a practice that Slim carries on to this day.[15]
At the age of 11, Carlos invested in a government savings bond that taught him about the concept of compound interest. He eventually saved every financial and business transaction he made into a personal ledger book which he keeps to this day.[16] At the age of 12, he made his first stock purchase, by purchasing shares in a Mexican bank.[17] By the age of 15, Slim had become a shareholder in Mexico’s largest bank.[9] At the age of 17, he earned 200 pesos a week working for his father's company.[18] He went on to study civil engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where he also concurrently taught algebra and linear programming.[19][20][21]
Though Slim was a civil engineering major, he also displayed an interest in economics. He took economics courses in Chile once he finished his engineering degree.[14] Graduating as a civil engineering major, Slim has stated that his mathematical ability and his background of linear programming was a key factor in helping him gain an edge in the business world, especially when reading financial statements.[15][22][23][excessive citations]
Business career[edit]
1960s[edit]
After graduating from college in 1961, Slim began his career as a stock trader in Mexico, often working 14-hour days.[4] In 1965, profits from Slim's private investments reached US$400,000,[24] allowing him to start the stock brokerage Inversora Bursátil.[21] In addition, he also began laying the financial groundwork for Grupo Carso.[25] In 1965 he also bought Jarritos del Sur. In 1966, worth US$40 million,[24][26] he founded Inmobiliaria Carso.
1970s[edit]
Companies in the construction, soft drink, printing, real estate, bottling and mining industries were the focus of Slim's early burgeoning business career.[9] He later expanded into numerous industries including auto parts, aluminium, airlines, chemicals, tobacco, manufacturing of cables and wires, paper and packaging, copper and mineral extraction, tires, cement, retail, hotels, beverage distributors, telecommunications and financial services where Slim's Grupo Financiero Inbursa – which sells insurance and invests the savings, mutual funds and pension plans of millions of ordinary Mexicans.[25][27] By 1972, he had established or acquired a further seven businesses in these categories, including one which rented construction equipment. In 1976, he branched out by acquiring a 60 percent share of Galas de México, a small printer of cigarette-pack labels for US$1 million, and in 1980, he consolidated his business interests by forming Grupo Galas as the parent company of a conglomerate that had interests in industry, construction, mining, retail, food, and tobacco.[19] In 1981, Slim acquired a majority stake in Cigarros la Tabacelera Mexicana (Cigatam), Mexico's second largest producer and marketer of cigarettes, at a reduced price.[4]
1980s[edit]
In 1982, the Mexican economy contracted rapidly. As many banks were struggling and foreign investors were cutting back on investing and scurrying, Slim began investing heavily and bought many flagship companies at depressed valuations.[4] Buying troubled assets at depressed prices to resell them later at an attractive price is a business strategy that Slim has executed throughout his career.[9][28]
Having a keen investment eye for value, Slim adhered to his value investment practices with a long history of buying stakes in companies he sees as undervalued.[29] Much of Slim's business dealings involved a simple strategy, which is to buy a business and hang on to it for its cash flow or eventually sell the stake at a greater profit in future, thereby netting the capital gains as well as reinvesting the initial principal into a new business.[30] In addition, his conglomerate structure allows Slim to purchase numerous stakes that it is made nearly recession proof if one or more sectors of the economy do not do well. Slim also doesn't address the finer details of the business but instead focuses on business fundamentals where his strategy is buy an asset at an undervalued price for its underlying cash flow and eventually sell his stake for greater profit when the asset gains value, or simply hang to the business for its cash flow.[30]
From the mid 1960s to the early 1980s, Slim and his growing family lived a modest life, while earnings from Slim's many businesses were re-invested in expansion and more acquisitions. Slim acquired companies with strong returns on capital he believed were undervalued and overhauled their management. He diversified methodically in numerous industry sectors across the Mexican economy, investing in real estate, then a construction equipment company, and mining companies. The portfolio of Slim companies grew to include a printing company, a tobacco company and retail stores.[21]
During the Mexican economic downturn before its recovery in 1985, Slim invested heavily. He bought all or a large percentage of numerous Mexican businesses, including Empresas Frisco, a mining and chemicals company producing silver, gold, copper, lead, and zinc from extracted ores, and also chemical products such as hydrofluoric acid and molybdenum for only $50 million, Industrias Nacobre, a manufacturer of copper products, Reynolds Aluminio, Compania Hulera Euzkadi, Mexico's largest tire maker, Bimex hotels, and majority share of Sanborn Hermanos food retailer, gift shop and restaurant chain. Slim spent US$13 million to buy insurance company Seguros de México in 1984, and later absorbed the company into the firm, Seguros Inbursa.[21] The value of his stake in Seguros eventually became worth US$1.5 billion by 2007, after four spinoffs.[31] He also acquired a 40% and 50% interest in the Mexican arms of British American Tobacco and The Hershey Company, respectively as well as acquiring large blocks of Denny's and Firestone Tires. He moved into financial services as well, buying Seguros de México and creating from it, along with other purchases such as Fianzas La Guardiana and Casa de Bolsa Inbursa, the Grupo Financiero Inbursa. Many of these acquisitions were financed by the revenues and cash flows from Cigatam, a tobacco business which he bought early in the economic downturn.[17][19]
In 1988 Slim bought the Nacobre group of companies, which trades in copper and aluminum products, along with a chemicals business, Química Fluor, and others.[19]
1990s[edit]
Slim made a large fortune in the early 1990s when Mexico privatized its telecom industry and Grupo Carso acquired Telmex from the Mexican government.[9] In 1990 the Grupo Carso was floated as a public company initially in Mexico and then worldwide.[19] Grupo Carso also acquired majority ownership of Porcelanite, a tile making company in 1990. This investment was assigned to an associated company, but in 1995 Grupo Carso began growing its equity stake to 83 percent and subsequently made it a subsidiary.[17]
Later in 1990, Slim acted in concert with France Télécom and Southwestern Bell Corporation in order to buy the landline telephone company Telmex from the Mexican government, when Mexico began privatizing its national industries.[19] Slim was one of the initial investors of Telmex, the revenues of the company eventually formed the bulk of Slim's wealth.[30][32] By 2006, 90 percent of the telephone lines in Mexico were operated by Telmex, and his mobile telephone company, Telcel, which was created out of the Radiomóvil Dipsa company,[19] operated almost 80 percent of all the country's cellphones.[33] By 2012, América Movil, Slim's mobile telephone company, had taken over Telmex and made it into a privately held subsidiary.[30]
In 1991, he acquired Hoteles Calinda (now OSTAR Grupo Hotelero), and in 1993, he increased his stakes in General Tire and Grupo Aluminio to the point where he had a majority interest.[19]
In 1996, Grupo Carso was split into three companies: Carso Global Telecom, Grupo Carso, and Invercorporación. In the following year, Slim bought the Mexican arm of Sears Roebuck.[19] In July 1997 Grupo Carso agreed in principle to sell Procter & Gamble de México, a subsidiary of The Procter & Gamble Co., a manufacturing plant in Apizaco and the company's Lypps, Pampys, and other toilet-tissue brands for about US$170 million but kept its tissue-products company Fábricas de Papel Loreto y Peña Pobre.[17]
In 1999, Slim began expanding his business interests beyond Latin America. Though the bulk of his holdings still remained in Mexico, he began setting his sights towards the United States for overseas investments.
2000s[edit]
Slim became a prominent figure within the American business scene by 2003 when he began purchasing large stakes in a number of major US retailers such as Barnes & Noble, OfficeMax, Office Depot, Circuit City, Borders, and CompUSA.[34] Much of reason behind Slim's overseas expansion was due to a running joke in the Mexican business scene where "there was nothing left to acquire in Mexico".[34] He eyed towards investing the United States where he set up Telmex USA and also acquired a stake in Tracfone, a US cellular telephone company. At the same time, he established Carso Infraestructura y Construcción, S. A. (CICSA) as a construction and engineering company within Grupo Carso.[19] During the same year, Slim had heart surgery and subsequently passed on much of the day-to-day involvement in the businesses to his children and their spouses.[33]
América Telecom, the holding company for América Móvil, was incorporated in 2000. It took stakes in cellular telephone companies outside of Mexico, including the Brazilian ATL and Telecom Americas concerns, Techtel in Argentina, and others in Guatemala and Ecuador. In subsequent years, there were investment in Latin America, with companies in Colombia, Nicaragua, Peru, Chile, Honduras, and El Salvador, as well as a venture with Microsoft.
In 2005 Slim invested in Volaris, a Mexican airline[19] and established Impulsora del Desarrollo y el Empleo en América Latina SAB de CV (using the acronym "IDEAL"—roughly translated as "Promoter of Development and Employment in Latin America"), a Mexican construction and civil engineering company primarily engaged in not-for-profit infrastructure development. Since 2006, IDEAL won three infrastructure contracts yet it faces stiff competition from a number of other Mexican and Spanish construction companies. The number of contracts is fewer than its biggest local competitor, Empresas ICA. During the same period, Empresas obtained 18 Mexican projects valued at US$1.09 billion, including airports, toll roads, hospitals and oil platforms. Some of the projects IDEAL has been awarded include the Nezahualcoyotl development, which is a landfill that was acquired for US$150 million by Slim to develop a shopping mall, two schools, a hospital and a park on the site. Other contracts IDEAL has been awarded include a water-treatment plant contract, and a real estate partnership with the Mexican hospital chain Star Médica. IDEAL is also betting on one of the poorest landfills surrounding Mexico City. Slim has also planned to purchase several toll roads offered by the Mexican government that it took over from private companies following the December 1994 currency devaluation.[35] Though speculation that the landfill will take about 12 years to yield a return, the development of a such poor area is revealed to promise handsome business profits over the years as Grupo Elektra, Mexico's largest consumer electronics retailer, sells 2,000 flat screen televisions a year at its store in the area, making it the third-best-selling outlet. Included in the development, IDEAL will also collect rent from a university, a hospital and a school that will be built around a mall, will have 178 stores, including Inditex's Zara fashion chain and Slim's Grupo Sanborns and the Mexican unit of Sears Holdings. A park in Nezahualcoyotl, the first of its kind will also be constructed. The park will comprise 34 soccer fields, 12 tennis, basketball and volleyball courts, a baseball field and a gym with a swimming pool.[7][35]
Arriving to the Presidential Palace for a meeting with Brazil's President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on October 24, 2007
In 2007, after having amassed a 50.1% stake in the Cigatam tobacco company, Slim reduced his holdings by selling a large portion of his equity to Philip Morris for US$1.1 billion, while in the same year also selling his entire interest in a tile company, Porcelanite, for US$800 million. He licensed the Saks name and opened the Mexican arm of Saks Fifth Avenue in Santa Fe, Mexico. During the same year, the estimated value of all of Slim's companies was at US$150 billion.[21] On December 8, 2007, Grupo Carso announced that the remaining 103 CompUSA stores would be either liquidated or sold, bringing an end to the struggling company,[36] although the IT tech part of CompUSA continued under the name Telvista with U.S. locations in Dallas, Texas (U.S. Corporate Office) and Danville, Virginia. Telvista has five centers in Mexico (three in Tijuana, one center in Mexicali, and one in México City).[37] After 28 years, Slim became the Honorary Lifetime Chairman of the business.
In 2008 Slim took a 6.4% stake valued at $27 million in the troubled New York Times Company, as the global recession and declining advertising revenues took a particularly heavy toll on print-based "old media" companies across the United States.[19] Slim increased his stake to 8% by 2012.[38] Slim's stake in the Times increased again to 16.8% of the company's Class A shares on January 20, 2015 when he exercised stock options to purchase 15.9 million shares, making him the largest shareholder in the company.[39][40][41] The New York Times Company's Class A shares are available for purchase by the public and offer less control over the company than Class B shares, which are privately held.[40] According to the company's 2016 annual filings, Slim owned 17.4% of the company's Class A shares, and none of the company's Class B shares.[42]
Slim built Plaza Carso in Mexico City, where most of his ventures share a common headquarters address.[43]
2010s[edit]
In 2012 Slim sold the broadcast rights for the Leon games to Telemundo in the United States, and the cable channel Fox Sports in Mexico and the rest of Latin America and to the website mediotiempo.com. The games are also broadcast on the Internet through UNO TV, offered by Telmex. Slim has been involved with broadcasting sports outside Mexico to larger markets such as the United States. In March 2012, America Movil acquired the broadcast rights for the Olympic Games in Sochi 2014 and the Brazil 2016 for Latin America.[44]
In March 2012 Slim, along with American television host Larry King, established Ora TV, an on-demand digital television network that produces and distributes television shows including Larry King Now, Politicking with Larry King, Recessionista, and Jesse Ventura Uncensored.[45]
In September 2012 Slim bought 30% stakes in Pachuca and León, two Mexican soccer teams through his telecommunications company America Movil. In December 2012, he bought all the shares of the second division team Estudiantes Tecos.[46] Slim has also completed business deals for the television rights to games of the Leon soccer team. His company America Movil purchased 30 percent of the team along with transmission rights as Slim doesn't have the rights to transmit content by broadcast television or cable TV as well as putting him in competition with Televisa and TV Azteca, two television companies with rights to the rest of Mexican soccer's first division.[47]
In 2013 Slim's company, Grupo Carso opened Mexico City's Telcel Theater, which operates in conjunction with his entertainment company, Grupo CIE (Corporación Interamericana de Entretenimiento), Mexico's equivalent of Live Nation.[48]
In April 2013 Slim entered the business of managing Mexican prisons to expand the investments of his construction-finance company. Ideal acquired stakes in two federal prisons from Desarrolladora Homex SAB, a Mexican homebuilder where Slim's companies are to receive 4 billion pesos (US$326 million) within the agreement. The company run by his son, Marco Antonio Slim, added the prisons to its portfolio of infrastructure assets among which include toll roads, hydroelectric dams, and water-treatment plants.[49]
In July 2013 Slim's company America Movill invested US$40 million in Shazam, a British commercial mobile phone-based music identification service for an undisclosed share of ownership. America Movil partnered with the company to aid its growth into advertising and television and help the audio recognition service expand in Latin America.[50][51]
In November 2013 Slim invested US$60 million in the Israeli startup Mobli, a company that deals with connections between people and communities corralled according to different interests.
In December 2013 Slim's private equity fund, Sinca Inbursa, sold its stake in Mexican pharmaceutical company Landsteiner Scientific. Slim had acquired a 27.51 stake in the company in June 2008, which represented 6.6 percent of Sinca's investment portfolio. The private equity fund's investments are mainly in transportation and infrastructure and the fund had a total market cap of 5.152 billion pesos at the end of 2012.[52]
Slim has also set his sights within the energy industry as well. In 2011, Slim began buying a 70 percent stake in Geoprocesados SA's Tabasco Oil Co., gaining access to the Colombian oil market as the country seeks to boost crude and natural-gas output.[53] Slim began seeking to boost his oil investments in Colombia because of the country’s open policies on exploration as well as furthering its commitment to double output by 2020.[54] Investors have also been drawn to Colombia because of improved security as well as a clear government regulatory framework for oil drilling.[55] In 2013, Mexico's national oil and gas company Pemex hired an offshore drilling rig from the Carso Group. Under the agreement, Pemex will operate the rig on a seven-year contract and will pay US$415 million. The rig is owned by Operadora Cicsa, a subsidiary of Carso Group.[56] The relationship between Pemex and Slim rans back as early as in 2006, where NOC hired CICSA for the drilling and completion of over 60 wells in the southern region—covering the Cinco Presidentes, Macuspana-Muspac, Samaria-Luna and Bellota-Jujo assets – and for the expansion of a petrochemical plant in Veracruz. Carso's infrastructure and construction subsidiary has been awarded with several oil well development contracts in Pemex's main assets—including Chicontepec—as well as tenders for the construction of natural gas pipelines and marine platforms. With the 2008 Pemex Law reform, the creation of integrated service contracts and the perspectives for a future energy reform, Slim has begun seizing business and investment opportunities in Mexico's oil and gas industry. CICSA's pipe manufacturing division Swepomex into a marine platform provider. CICSA has also acquired majority shares in Oklahoma contractor Bronco Drilling, along with minority participations in Houston drilling company Allis Chalmers Energy. Slim controls a 15 percent stake in Bronco, with warrants that could boost the stake to 20 percent. He also has a 2.9 percent stake in Allis-Chalmers.[55] 15% of the country’s main gas operator, Gas Natural Mexico now belong to Sinca Inbursa, a private equity fund controlled by Slim.[52] Slim Helú has also maintained an important business presence in Spanish oil company Repsol and its Argentinian subsidiary YPF, Argentina's largest oil company, where Slim has an 8.4 percent stake.[3][29]
On April 23, 2014, Slim took control of Telekom Austria, Austria's biggest phone carrier, which has telcos in countries such as Bulgaria, Croatia and Belarus, under a 10-year agreement, was Slim's first successful business acquisition in Europe. In a syndicate holding structure the Austrian state holding company OIAG's 28 percent are combined with Slim's 27 percent ownership. America Movil will spend as much as US$2 billion to buy out minority shareholders in a mandatory public offer and invest up to 1 billion euros (US$1.38 billion) into the company, which it sees as "platform for expansion into central and eastern Europe". Labor representatives boycotted attending the OIAG supervisory board meeting for 12 hours criticizing lack of explicit job guarantees.[57]
In July 2014 Slim invested in WellAware, a Texas-based oil and gas software developer, this investment was also made with former Republican vice president Dick Cheney. External funding was provided by Activant Capital Group and Slim, along with participation from strategic investors and WellAware board members Ed Whitacre. When Mexico eventually prepared to open its oil and gas sectors to domestic and foreign private capital for the first time in 75 years, it has been widely speculated that Slim will play a major role toward contributing to Mexico's new energy landscape. Slim's investment in WellAware, whose software allows oil and gas companies to track wells and pipelines remotely and collates data for making forecasts, adds to a number of oil-related investments that he has been making in the past years in Mexico, Latin America and the United States.[58]
In January 2015 Grupo Carso publicly launched Claro Musica, an online music service that is a Latin American equivalent of iTunes and Spotify. Slim and his son increased their presence in Mexico's music industry, particularly in the retail music industry since 2013. Sanborn's, the Mexican retail department store chain owned by Slim contains an extensive music section and 170 locations in Mexico as well as controlling a majority stake in Mixup, Mexico's most successful retail music store that comprises a chain 117-store Mexican retailers along with an online iShop through a selling partnership with Apple. Mixup also generated more than US$320 million in revenue in 2014.[48]
In March 2015 Slim began to set his sights on Spain, purchasing Spanish real estate at rock-bottom prices within the ailing Spanish economy. Slim has also been buying up stakes in various troubled Spanish corporations while eyeing various investments across Europe. Slim's investment company, Inmobiliaria Carso, announced it will buy a stake in the Spanish banking conglomerate Bankia, which couples with Slim's other purchase of Realia, a Spanish real estate company, where Slim is the second largest shareholder holding a 25% equity stake, behind Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, a construction company where Slim is also a minor shareholder.[59][60]
On April 15, 2015, Slim formed his own oil company called Carso Oil & Gas. The company was established after shareholders of the subsidiaries of Slim's business conglomerate, Grupo Carso, voted in February 2015 to merge Carso Infraestructura, Construccion y Perforacion and Condumex Perforaciones into Carso Oil & Gas. A report that was released by the new company listed its assets at 3.5 billion pesos (approximately US$230 million), placed within 17.7 million shares. Upon formation of the company, Slim remained sanguine about the company and Mexico's burgeoning energy sector where the state monopoly ceased to exist once held by state-owned oil company Pemex and opening the sector for private investors.[39]
On July 25, 2015, Slim's investment group Control Empresarial de Capitales invested in IMatchative, a technology startup that ranks the world's hedge funds creating in-depth behavioral profiles and business analytics. The company creates proprietary behavioral profiles of the top hedge fund managers using everything from divorce records to political donations incorporated in their profiles and fund analysis. Limited partners pay US$30,000 per subscription while hedge fund managers pay half the price and also sign up for a free version of the products the company offers.[61]
On September 8, 2015, one of Slim’s companies announced that Philosophy Jr. Studio, a fashion line for young women, will expand into a standalone retailer chain that will compete with elite fashion retailers across the globe. Although the style of the new fashion line and the number of yearly collections has not been made public, Philosophy Jr. Studio is expected to compete with a myriad of well-known multinational fast fashion retailers such as H&M, Forever 21, Zara and C&A. The fashion line will be offered at individual brick and mortar boutiques at two shopping malls in Mexico City. With a US$20 million seed investment, Slim's plan is to have 100 standalone stores by 2017. The brand was established in 2011 and has been sold at Sears Mexico, a unit of Grupo Sanborns, the restaurant, retail, and pharmacy chain owned by Slim.[62]
Family and personal life[edit]
Slim’s father Khalil Salim Haddad Aglamaz emigrated to Mexico from Lebanon (then part of the Ottoman Empire) in 1902 (he was 14), and later changed his name to Julián Slim Haddad.[11] It was not uncommon for Lebanese children to be sent abroad before they reached the age of 15 to avoid being conscripted into the Ottoman Army, and four of Haddad's older brothers were already living in Mexico at the time of his arrival.[19]
In 1911 Julián established a dry goods store, La Estrella de Oriente (The Star of the Orient). La Estrella de Oriente was an important dry goods store located on Venustiano Carranza where it had merchandise worth more than $100,000 by January 21, 1921, only ten years after the business was founded.[20] By 1921, he had begun investing in real estate in the flourishing commercial district of Mexico City where Julián would acquire prime real estate at fire sale prices and in Zocalo District during the 1910–17 Mexican Revolution.[4][9] By 1922, Julián's net worth reached $1,012,258 pesos and was diversified within various assets including real estate, businesses and various stocks.[20]
In August 1926, Julián Slim married Linda Helú Atta. Linda was born in Parral, Chihuahua, of Lebanese parents who had immigrated to Mexico in the late 19th century. Upon immigrating to Mexico, her parents had founded one of the first Arabic-language magazines for the Lebanese-Mexican community, using a printing press they had brought with them.[19] Julian and Linda had six children: Nour, Alma, Julián, José, Carlos and Linda. Julián senior died in 1953, when Carlos was just 13 years old.[19]
Julian’s business ventures became the source of considerable wealth for himself and his family.[19] As a result of financial prosperity of these ventures, Julian soon became a prominent and wealthy businessman, where he was able to make investments during bad economic cycles due to Mexico's frequent economic downturns.[25] Julián was known for his business savvy, strong work ethic, and commitment to traditional Lebanese moral values. Having a deep understanding of business that was considered ahead of his time, one of Julián's many pioneering business concepts was an efficient business as one that sold large volumes at smaller margins, and with payment facilities, factors that are prevalent in many large discount stores today.[20]
Personal life[edit]
Carlos Slim was married to Soumaya Domit from 1967 until her death in 1999. Among her interests were various philanthropic projects, including the creation of a legal framework for organ donation.[19] Slim has six children: Carlos, Marco Antonio, Patrick, Soumaya, Vanessa, and Johanna. Slim's fortune has given rise to a family business empire and he often acquires shares on behalf of himself and his children. His three older sons serve in key positions in the companies controlled by Slim where most are involved in the day-to-day running of Slim's business empire.[2][7][15][63] Slim underwent heart surgery in 1999.[33] In high school, Slim's favorite subjects were history, cosmography, and mathematics.[15] Slim and his wife had a very happy marriage, and he indicated that he doesn't intent to remarry.[64]
In his office, Slim does not keep a computer and instead prefers to keep all his financial data in thoroughly kept notebooks.[15] Slim is well versed in technology but prefers to write by hand instead of on a computer.[9] Due to the vast size of his business empire, Slim often jokes that he can't keep track of all the companies he manages.[5] Carlos Slim is a Maronite Catholic,[65][66] and he is one of the prominent backers of Legion of Christ, a Roman Catholic religious institute.[67][68]
Personal fortune[edit]
Wealth[edit]
On March 29, 2007, Slim surpassed American investor Warren Buffett as the world's second richest person with an estimated net worth of US$53.1 billion compared with Buffet's US$52.4 billion.[69]
On August 4, 2007, The Wall Street Journal ran a cover story profiling Slim. The article said, "While the market value of his stake in publicly traded companies could decline at any time, at the moment he is probably wealthier than Bill Gates".[70] According to The Wall Street Journal, Slim credits part of his ability to "discover investment opportunities" early to the writings of his friend, futurist author Alvin Toffler.[70]
On August 8, 2007, Fortune magazine reported that Slim had overtaken Gates as the world's richest person. Slim's estimated fortune soared to US$59 billion, based on the value of his public holdings at the end of July. Gates' net worth was estimated to be at least US$58 billion.[70][71]
On March 5, 2008, Forbes ranked Slim as the world's second-richest person, behind Warren Buffett and ahead of Bill Gates.[1] On March 11, 2009, Forbes ranked Slim as the world's third-richest person, behind Gates and Buffett and ahead of Larry Ellison.[1]
On March 10, 2010, Forbes once again reported that Slim had overtaken Gates as the world's richest person, with a net worth of US$53.5 billion. At the time, Gates and Buffett had a net worth of US$53 billion and US$47 billion respectively.[1] He was the first Mexican to top the list.[72] It was the first time in 16 years that the person on top of the list was not from the United States.[73] It was also the first time the person at the top of the list was from an "emerging economy".[74] Between 2008 and 2010, Slim more than doubled his net worth from $35 to $75 billion.[7]
In March 2011 Forbes stated that Slim had maintained his position as the wealthiest person in the world, with his fortune estimated at US$74 billion.[1]
In December 2012, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Carlos Slim Helú remained the world's richest person with an estimated net worth of US$75.5 billion.[75]
On March 5, 2013, Forbes stated that Slim was still maintaining his first-place position as the wealthiest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$73 billion.[1] On May 16, 2013, Bloomberg L.P. ranked Slim the second-richest person in the world, after Bill Gates.[76]
On July 15, 2014, Forbes announced that Slim had reclaimed the position of the wealthiest person in the world, with a fortune of US$79.6 billion.[77]
In September 2014, Forbes listed Slim as number 1 on its list of billionaires with a net worth of US$81.6 billion.[1]
As of December 2016 his net worth was US$48.1 billion.[1]
In 2017, his net worth was reported to be $54.5 billion.[78]
Real estate[edit]
Slim lives in a 6-bedroom home in the Lomas de Chapultepec district of Mexico City,[79] close to where he grew up, that has been his residence for over 40 years. Slim's real estate holding company Inmobiliaria Carso develops, invests, owns and operates many residential and commercial properties across Mexico. The company owns over 20 shopping centers, including ten in Mexico City, and operates stores in the country under U.S. brands including the Mexican arms of Saks Fifth Avenue, Sears and the Coffee Factory. Slim has been making private real estate investments around the world, particularly in the United States. He has been reported to have acquired 417 Fifth Avenue, an 11-story office tower for US$140 million and also a piece of the former New York Times building on West 43rd street. He controls approximately 8 acres of prime Beverly Hills real estate at the corner of Wilshire and Santa Monica Boulevards.[2] In May 2014 Slim opened Inbursa Aquarium, Latin America's largest aquarium.[5] Slim owns the Duke Seamans mansion, a 1901 beaux arts house on 5th Avenue in New York City, which he bought for $44 million in 2010. The mansion is 20,000 square feet and has 12 bedrooms, 14 bathrooms, and a doctor's office in the basement.[2][80] In May 2015, he listed the property for sale at $80 million, nearly twice what he had paid.[28] In April 2015, Slim bought the Marquette Building in Detroit and purchased PepsiCo Americas Beverages headquarters in Somers, New York for US$87 million. Slim owns a second mansion in New York City at 10 W. 56th St, which he leased early in 2015 to the John Barrett Salon for US$1.5 million annually. The property was bought in 2011 for US$15.5 million.[28]
Philanthropy[edit]
Slim has been publicly skeptical of The Giving Pledge by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett giving away at least half of their fortunes. But—according to his spokesman—he devoted US$4 billion, or roughly 5%, to his Carlos Slim foundation as of 2011.[81] Though Slim has not gone as far as Gates and Buffett in pledging more than half of his fortune, Slim has expressed firm support for philanthropy and has advised budding entrepreneurs that businessmen must do more than give—they "should participate in solving problems".[9] Slim has channeled his philanthropic endeavors into many initiatives such as funding a genomic medicine research project, subsidizing numerous arts and education projects in Mexico City, including the Museo Soumaya (named after his late wife), which displays his art collection for no admission fee.[9]
Slim founded three nonprofit foundations concentrating on Mexico City: one for the arts, education, and health care; one for sports; and one for downtown restoration.
Fundación Carlos Slim Helú[edit]
Established in 1986 Fundación Carlos Slim Helú sponsors the Museo Soumaya in Mexico City, named after Slim's late wife, Soumaya Domit, opened 2011. It holds 66,000 pieces, including religious relics, contains the world's second-largest collection of Rodin sculptures, including The Kiss, the largest Salvador Dalí collection in Latin America, works by Leonardo da Vinci, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and coins from the viceroys of Spain.[82] The inauguration in 2011 was attended by the President of Mexico, Nobel Prize laureates, writers and other celebrities.[83]
After stating that he had donated US$4 billion of dividends to Fundación Carlos Slim Helú, US$2 billion in 2006, and another US$2 billion in 2010, Slim was ranked fifth in Forbes' World's Biggest Givers in May 2011.[81] Education and health care projects have included $100 million to perform 50,000 cataract surgeries in Peru through the Clinton Initiative, a US$20 million fund to strengthen small and medium-size businesses in Colombia, and a digital education program for youth in Mexico, US$150 million for programs in nutrition and disease prevention in Central America with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the government of Spain, US$50 million to work with the World Wildlife Fund on restoration of six areas for species in Mexico, including the monarch butterfly and US$100 million on education programs for young people through Colombian singer Shakira's Alas Foundation.[81]
Fundación Telmex[edit]
In 1995 Slim established Fundación Telmex, a broad-ranging philanthropic foundation, which as he announced in 2007 had been provided with an asset base of US$4 billion to establish Carso Institutes for Health, Sports and Education. Furthermore, it was to work in support of an initiative of Bill Clinton to aid the people of Latin America.[19] Because Mexican foundations are not required to publish their financial information, it is not possible to confirm Slim's claims of charitable giving through a public source.[81] The foundation has organized Copa Telmex, an amateur sports tournament, recognized in 2007 and 2008 by Guinness World Records as having the most participants of any such tournament in the world. Together with Fundación Carlos Slim Helú, Telmex announced in 2008 that it was to invest more than US$250 million in Mexican sports programs, from grass-roots level to Olympic standard.[19] Telmex sponsored the Sauber F1 team for the 2011 season.[84] [85] [86] Telmex donated at least $1 million to the Clinton Foundation.[87]
Fundación del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México A.C.[edit]
In 2000, Slim and ex-broadcaster Jacobo Zabludowsky organized the Fundación del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México A.C. (Mexico City Historic Center Foundation) to revitalize and rescue Mexico City's historic downtown area to enable more people to live, work and find entertainment there.[19] He has been Chair of the Council for the Restoration of the Historic Downtown of Mexico City since 2001.[88]
In 2011, he, along with the president of Mexico, Mexico City mayor, and Mexico City archbishop, inaugurated the first phase of Plaza Mariana close to Basilica de Guadalupe.[89] The complex, whose construction was funded by Slim, includes an evangelization center, museum, columbarium, health center, and market.[90]
Awards[edit]
Entrepreneurial Merit Medal of Honor in 1985 from Mexico's Chamber of Commerce.
Commander in the Belgian Order of Leopold II
CEO of the year in 2003 by Latin Trade magazine
CEO of the decade in 2004 by Latin Trade magazine
Fundacion Telmex received in 2007 the National Sports Prize of Mexico for sports promotion
In 2008 his philanthropy was recognised with the award of The National Order of the Cedar by the Lebanese government.[19]
In 2011 the Hispanic Society of America awarded Fundacion Carlos Slim the Sorolla Medal for its contribution to the arts and culture[91]
On May 20, 2012. Slim was awarded an honorary doctorate in public service from George Washington University.[92]
Criticism[edit]
Slim's growing fortune has been a subject of controversy, because it has been amassed in a developing country where average per capita income does not surpass US$14,500 a year, and nearly 17% of the population lives in poverty.[93] Critics claim that Slim is a monopolist, pointing to Telmex's control of 90% of the Mexican landline telephone market. Slim's wealth is the equivalent of roughly 5% of Mexico's annual economic output.[94] Telmex, of which 49.1% is owned by Slim and his family, charges among the highest usage fees in the world, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.[95] The average Mexican spends 1.50 pesos per day on Slim's goods and services for a total of roughly US$140 million a day and the Federal Telecommunications Institute, a new Mexican government anti-monopoly watchdog said in April 2014 that Slim's telecom businesses are monopolies.[5] Slim's business presence in Mexico alone is so broad that many Mexicans find it appropriate to call the country "Slimlandia" as it is almost impossible to go a day in Mexico without contributing to Slim's wealth.[7]
According to Celso Garrido, economist at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Slim's domination of Mexico's conglomerates prevents the growth of smaller companies, resulting in a shortage of paying jobs, forcing many Mexicans to seek better lives in the U.S.[96]
In response to the criticism, Slim has stated, "When you live for others' opinions, you are dead. I don't want to live thinking about how I'll be remembered" by Mexican people claiming indifference about his position on Forbes list of the world's richest people. He has said he has no interest in becoming the world's richest person. When asked to explain his sudden increase in wealth at a press conference soon after Forbes annual rankings were published, he said, "The stock market goes up ... and down", and noted that his fortune could quickly drop.[94]
Slim was criticized by the Dutch minister of economic affairs, Henk Kamp, in 2013 for attempting to expand his telecom empire beyond the Americas by América Móvil's buy-out offer to KPN, a Dutch landline and mobile telecommunications company privatized in the 1990s, by stating "an acquisition of KPN by a 'foreign company' could have consequences for the Netherlands' national security".[97] Two years after Slim's failed bid to take over the company mainly due to political intervention and Slim's paucity of interest in purchasing the company, Slim's America Movil SAB began offering 2.25 billion euros of bonds that can be converted into shares of Royal KPN NV. America Movil now controls a 21.1 percent stake of KPN with a market value of 3.1 billion euros as of May 20, 2015. Slim has been slowly decreasing his holdings since he was forced to withdraw a 7.2 billion euro bid for the Dutch phone line carrier in 2013 after negotiations broke down and KPN's preference share foundation blocked the takeover attempt.[98]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Carlos Slim Helu & family". Forbes. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Where Does Carlos Slim Keep His Money?". Adam Hayes. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Carlos Slim's growing involvement in the oil and gas industry -". oilandgasmexico.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "THE MOBILE MEXICAN MAGNATE: HOW CARLOS SLIM HELU GOT HIS START". EvanCarMichael. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jan-Albert Hootsen (June 23, 2014). "Can You Buy Anything in Mexico Without Paying Carlos Slim?". Vocativ. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Carlos Slim Helu & family". Forbes. 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f TONY CLARKE; SABRINA FERNANDES; RICHARD GIRARD. "UNCLE SLIM: THE WORLD'S RICHEST MAN" (PDF). Retrieved May 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kalyan Parbat (May 29, 2015). "Why Mexican Billionaire Carlos Slim Made a Secret Visit to India". India West. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Sean Braswell (August 6, 2015). "Carlos Slim's Worldwide Portfolio". Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Carlos Slim biography. carlosslim.com. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Bone, James (March 11, 2010). "Mexican mogul Carlos Slim got his big break in sell-off of national telephone firm". The Times. London. Retrieved June 17, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Padgett, Tim (July 11, 2007). "Carlos Slim's Embarrassment of Riches". Time. United States. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "mexicodiplomatico.org" (PDF).
^ Jump up to: a b "Carlos Slim Interview – page 3 / 9 – Academy of Achievement:". Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Harriet Alexander (February 19, 2011). "Carlos Slim: At home with the world's richest man". The Telegraph. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mexico's Richest Man". Forbes. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "History of Grupo Carso". Retrieved April 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dolan, Kerry (March 26, 2012). "The World According To Slim". Forbes. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Biography". Carlos Slim Helú. Retrieved February 19, 2011. [unreliable source?]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Biography". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Carlos Slim". Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lauren Welch (April 5, 2015). "What Education Do You Need To Become A Billionaire?". Investopedia. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wai, Jonathan (July 28, 2014). "If you want to be rich and powerful, majoring in STEM is a good place to start". Quartz. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "US Inflation Calculator". US Inflation Calculator. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jonathan Kandell. "Yo Quiero Todo Bell". Wired. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Profile: Carlos Slim". BBC News. March 10, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "CNN LARRY KING LIVE". CNN. December 3, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dolia Estevez. "Billionaire Carlos Slim Listing Fifth Ave Mansion For $80 Million, Almost Two Times What He Paid". Forbes. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mexico's Carlos Slim Buys 8.4% Stake in Argentina's YPF". Global Energy Profs. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jesse Emspak. "How Carlos Slim Built His Fortune". Investopedia. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Helen Coster (March 16, 2007). "Mexico's Richest Man". Forbes. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ DAVID HENDRICKS (November 18, 2008). "Carlos Slim offers tips for making most of downturn". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Thompson, Ginger (June 3, 2006). "Prodded by the Left, Mexico's Richest Man Talks Equity". The New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b Chua, Amy (2004). World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-385-72186-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Adriana Arai. "Carlos Slim Moves From Telecommunications Into Real Estate". Banderas News. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "End of the Line for CompUSA". San Francisco Chronicle. December 9, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Telvista - Call Center Locations". telvista.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ Schumpeter: The global Mexican. The Economist (October 27, 2012). Retrieved July 14, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mexican Billionaire Carlos Slim Forming Own Oil Company". Sputnik. April 15, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Laya, Patricia; Smith, Gerry. "Billionaire Carlos Slim Doubles Holdings in New York Times". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Carlos Slim becomes top New York Times shareholder". Reuters. January 14, 2015. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
Jump up ^ "The New York Times Company Notice of 2016 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement" (PDF). The New York Times Company. March 22, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Slim Spending $1.4 Billion on Complex in Mexico City". Latin American Herald Tribune. 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Carlos Slim Purchase Mexican Soccer Teams Sets Showdown With Television Giant". Retrieved May 11, 2015. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Carlson, Erin (March 12, 2012). "Larry King to Launch Interview Show on Ora.tv". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Can You Buy Anything in Mexico Without Paying Carlos Slim?". vocativ.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Carlos Slim buys stake in Mexican soccer teams, television rights - FOX Sports on MSN". FOX Soccer.
^ Jump up to: a b Omar Morales (April 24, 2015). "Is This Mexico's Most Powerful Man in Music?". Billboard. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Crayton Harrison. "Billionaire Slim Looks to Mexican Prisons for Ideal's Growth". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kincaid, Jason (June 22, 2011). "Shazam Raises A Huge Round to the Tune of $32 Million". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Glenn Peoples (July 7, 2013). "Shazam Gets $40 Million Investment from Carlos Slim's America Movil". Retrieved May 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "UPDATE 1-Carlos Slim private equity fund sells stake in pharma company". Reuters.
Jump up ^ Finance. "Carlos Slim Positions Himself to Benefit from the End to Pemex's Monopoly". OilPrice.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ Dolia Estevez (July 11, 2013). "Mexican Tycoon Carlos Slim Poised To Take Advantage Of Mexico's Announced Oil Reform". Forbes.
^ Jump up to: a b Crayton Harrison. "Carlos Slim Expands Oil Investments With Colombia Stake". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Pemex Hires Carlos Slim's Rig for $415 Mln". Offshore Energy. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Georgina Prodhan; Angelika Gruber (April 24, 2014). "Slim seeks to build Telekom Austria into European player". Reuters. Retrieved April 24, 2014. "There came a point where we felt there was just not very much more to be done in terms of expansion in the Americas", Garcia Moreno told a news conference in Vienna
Jump up ^ Dolia Estevez (January 7, 2014). "Mexican Billionaire Carlos Slim's June Shopping Spree". Forbes. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fiona Maharg-Bravo (March 5, 2015). "Carlos Slim buys Spanish real estate on the cheap". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Carlos Slim dives into ailing Spanish economy, takes over troubled companies". Fox News Latino. March 10, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Marino, Jonathan (July 25, 2015). "One of the richest men in the world is backing a startup that ranks Wall Street's hedge funds". Business Insider. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dolia Estevez (September 8, 2015). "Carlos Slim's New Women's Fashion Line To Compete Against World-Class Retailers". Forbes. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Harriet (February 19, 2011). "Carlos Slim: At home with the world's richest man". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "La trágica historia de amor de Carlos Slim, el hombre más rico de México". Clase (in Spanish). 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
Jump up ^ Estevez, Dolia (November 19, 2013). "Mexican Billionaire Carlos Slim Is Quietly Transferring Assets To His Children". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ Allentuck, Andrew (March 2009). "Carlos Slim Helu". Trade by Numbers. globeinvestor.com. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Lacey, Marc (May 12, 2012). "A Priest's Legacy Survives, and Divides, in Mexico". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
Jump up ^ Berry, Jason (February 8, 2016). "Francis heads to Mexico amid Legionaries of Christ disclosures". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ Coster, Helen (April 11, 2007). "Carlos Slim Helu Now World's Second-Richest Man". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c Luhnow, David (August 4, 2007). "The Secrets of the World's Richest Man". The Wall Street Journal. p. A1. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ Mehta, Stephanie (August 6, 2007). "Carlos Slim, the richest man in the world". Fortune. Retrieved August 6, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Mexican overtakes Bill Gates as world's wealthiest man". Bild. March 11, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Rich list signals shift in fortunes". Al Jazeera. March 11, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Year's richest man, first from emerging economy, bumps Gates". Deutsche Welle. March 11, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index". Bloomberg LP. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bill Gates Retakes World's Richest Title From Carlos Slim", by Alex Cuadros and Crayton Harrison, Bloomberg L.P. online at Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved May 16, 2013. Archived May 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Mexico's Carlos Slim Reclaims World's Richest Man Title From Bill Gates". Forbes. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Forbes 2017: World's top 20 billionaires". 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
Jump up ^ Shawn Baldwin (August 23, 2014). "Carlos Slim Generates Billions of Value Creation in Telecom". Fast Company.
Jump up ^ Andrea Divirgilio (August 5, 2011). "The real estate trend with billionaires is investing in U.S. property market". Born Rich.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kerry A. Dolan (May 2, 2011). "Mexico's Carlos Slim Joins Ranks of World's Biggest Philanthropists". Forbes. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Casey, Nicholas (March 3, 2011). "Emperor's New Museum". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Slim: el Museo Soumaya Plaza Carso, para acercar el arte a quienes no pueden viajar" (in Spanish). March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "F1: Sauber Signs Perez, Sponsor Telmex For 2011". speedtv.com. October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Baldwin, Alan (October 4, 2010). "Motor racing-Mexico's Perez to race for Sauber". Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sauber snap up hot Mexican prospect Sergio Perez for 2011 Formula 1 season". Daily Mail. London. October 7, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Hillary Clinton Follows Christie to Mexico for Carlos Slim Event". Bloomberg. September 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fundación Centro Histórico". fundacioncentrohistorico.com.mx.
Jump up ^ "Inauguration of Marian Plaza in the Basilica of Guadeloupe - Mexico". Demotix. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Description of Plaza Mariana (Spanish) Archived January 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "10.12.11 – Galas, Appeals, and Children's Rights". New York Social Diary.
Jump up ^ Honorary Doctorate in Public Service by George Washington University Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "UN HDI table" (PDF). United Nations. 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Coster, Helen (April 11, 2007). "Carlos Slim Helu Now World's Second-Richest Man". Forbes. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Smith, Geri (March 5, 2007). "Slim's Big Giveaway: As the government steps up its scrutiny, the billionaire is stepping up his philanthropy". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Porras, Andy (July 13, 2007). "Mexico's wealthiest mogul spurs controversy". Hispanic Link. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Dolia Estevez (September 13, 2013). "Dutch Government Issues Warning on Takeover of Telecom Firm KPN By Mexican Billionaire Carlos Slim". Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Elco Van Groningen. "America Movil Moves to Cut KPN Stake With Convertible Bond". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
External links[edit]
hide
Find more aboutCarlos Slimat Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Data from Wikidata
Official website
Carlos Slim at Bloomberg L.P.
Biography portal
Business and economics portal
Mexico portal
Honorary titles
Preceded by
Bill Gates World's richest person
2010 – 2013 Succeeded by
Bill Gates
show
v
t
e
The World's Billionaires – Top ten richest people in the world as of 10 March 2018
Jeff Bezos ($112B, United States)
Bill Gates ($90B, United States)
Warren Buffett ($84B, United States)
Bernard Arnault ($72B, France)
Mark Zuckerberg ($71B, United States)
Amancio Ortega ($70B, Spain)
Carlos Slim ($67.1B, Mexico)
Charles Koch ($60B, United States)
David Koch ($60B, United States)
Larry Ellison ($58.5B, United States)
show
v
t
e
América Móvil Group
Claro-branded
Argentina
Brazil (Fixed services)
Brazil (Mobility services)
Colombia
Chile
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
Uruguay
Telmex-branded
Mexico
USA
A1 Telekom Austria Group
Austria
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Serbia
Slovenia
Other AMX Group brands
Brazil
Claro
Embratel
Net
Mexico
Telcel
Aló
USA
NET10 Wireless
Simple Mobile
Straight Talk
Telcel America
TracFone
Executive officers
Carlos Slim
show
v
t
e
The New York Times Company
Chairman of the Board
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.
Executives
Mark Thompson (President and CEO)
Dean Baquet
James Bennet
Meredith Kopit Levien
Arthur Gregg Sulzberger
Joseph Kahn
Newspapers
The New York Times
The New York Times International Edition
The New York Times International Weekly
Magazines
The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Book Review
T: The New York Times Style Magazine
Other assets
The Daily
Donohue Malbaie Inc.
The New York Times Syndicate & News Service
The Takeaway
Times Books
The Wirecutter
Full list
Publishers
Adolph Ochs
Arthur Hays Sulzberger
Orvil Dryfoos
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.
Headquarters
New York Times Building (41 Park Row) (1889–1903)
One Times Square (1903–1913)
The Times Square Building (1913–2007)
The New York Times Building (2007–present)
Related articles
Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times staff
The New York Times Best Seller list
List of employees
Controversies
Carlos Slim (largest shareholder)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
ISNI: 0000 0001 2233 2653
LCCN: no2003053882
ULAN: 500285796
VIAF: 166339661
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Slim&oldid=855792368"
Categories:
1940 births
Businesspeople from Mexico City
Businesspeople in metals
Businesspeople in mining
Living people
Mexican billionaires
Mexican businesspeople in retailing
Mexican businesspeople in the oil industry
Mexican chief executives
Mexican company founders
Mexican Eastern Catholics
Mexican expatriates in the United States
Mexican football chairmen and investors
Mexican investors
Mexican Maronites
Mexican mass media owners
Mexican people of Lebanese descent
Mexican philanthropists
Mexican stock traders
Mexican telecommunications industry businesspeople
Mexican venture capitalists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Recipients of the National Order of the Cedar
Samsung people
Slim family
The New York Times people
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from April 2011
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from June 2016
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
Webarchive template wayback links
Wikipedia pending changes protected pages
Use mdy dates from March 2016
Infobox person using alma mater
Articles with hCards
Citation overkill
Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from April 2018
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Kiswahili
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Malagasy
മലയാളം
مازِرونی
Bahasa Melayu
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nāhuatl
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
ייִדיש
中文
54 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 August 2018, at 21:28 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Page protected with pending changes level 1

attrs: href title

values: All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class src alt title

values: Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page.

attrs: id class src style alt

attrs: id style class

values: flaggedrevs_short flaggedrevs_stable_synced plainlinks noprint nomobile

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: p

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.carlosslim.com

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon
mw-redirect
Maronite Christianity in Lebanon

values: National Autonomous University of Mexico

values: This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (April 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Retail_industry
mw-redirect
Retail industry

values:
/wiki/Equity_stake
mw-redirect
Equity stake

values:
/wiki/Principal_(finance)
mw-redirect
Principal (finance)

values:
/wiki/Firestone_Tires
mw-redirect
Firestone Tires

values:
/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com
mw-redirect
France Télécom

values:
/wiki/SBC_Communications
mw-redirect
SBC Communications

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Santa_Fe_(Mexico_City)
mw-redirect
Santa Fe (Mexico City)

values:
/wiki/The_great_recession
mw-redirect
The great recession

values:
/wiki/America_Movil
mw-redirect
America Movil

values:
/wiki/Estudiantes_Tecos
mw-redirect
Estudiantes Tecos

values:
/wiki/Live_Nation
mw-redirect
Live Nation

values:
/wiki/Shazam_(service)
mw-redirect
Shazam (service)

values:
/wiki/Public_offer
mw-redirect
Public offer

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic

values: Edit section: Fundación Carlos Slim Helú

values:
/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund
mw-redirect
World Wildlife Fund

values:
/wiki/Sauber_Motorsport
mw-redirect
Sauber Motorsport

values: Edit section: Fundación del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México A.C.

values:
/wiki/Jacobo_Zabludowsky
mw-redirect
Jacobo Zabludowsky

values:
/wiki/Basilica_de_Guadalupe
mw-redirect
Basilica de Guadalupe

values:
/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce
mw-redirect
Chamber of Commerce

values:
/wiki/The_National_Order_of_the_Cedar
mw-redirect
The National Order of the Cedar

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2011)

values:
nofollow
http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/25270

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: clear: both; padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
/wiki/List_of_billionaires
mw-redirect
List of billionaires

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Claro_Americas#Brazil
mw-redirect
Claro Americas

values:
/wiki/Claro_Americas#Chile
mw-redirect
Claro Americas

values:
/wiki/Claro_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana
mw-redirect
Claro República Dominicana

values:
/wiki/Claro_Americas#Ecuador
mw-redirect
Claro Americas

values:
/wiki/Claro_Guatemala
mw-redirect
Claro Guatemala

values:
/wiki/Claro_Jamaica
mw-redirect
Claro Jamaica

values:
/wiki/Claro_Americas#Panama
mw-redirect
Claro Americas

values:
/wiki/Claro_Americas#Peru
mw-redirect
Claro Americas

values:
/wiki/Mtel_(Bulgaria)
mw-redirect
Mtel (Bulgaria)

values: Telecom Liechtensteinl (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Net_(telecommunications)
mw-redirect
Net (telecommunications)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: The New York Times International Edition

values: List of assets owned by The New York Times Company

values:
/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger
mw-redirect
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger

values: List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times

values:
/wiki/New_York_Times_controversies
mw-redirect
New York Times controversies

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000122332653

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/166339661

values: Category:Businesspeople from Mexico City

values: Category:Mexican businesspeople in retailing

values: Category:Mexican businesspeople in the oil industry

values: Category:Mexican expatriates in the United States

values: Category:Mexican football chairmen and investors

values: Category:Mexican people of Lebanese descent

values: Category:Mexican telecommunications industry businesspeople

values: Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni

values: Category:Recipients of the National Order of the Cedar

values: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2011

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016

values: Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages

values: Category:Infobox person using alma mater

values: Category:Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from April 2018

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Carlos_Slim
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: كارلوس سليم – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: কার্লোস স্লিম – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values: Карляс Сьлім – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Карлос Слим Елу – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Κάρλος Σλιμ – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: کارلوس اسلیم – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 카를로스 슬림 엘루 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Կառլոս Սլիմ – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: कार्लोस स्लिम – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: קרלוס סלים – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: კარლოს სლიმ ელუ – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values: കാർലോസ് സ്ലിം – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: کارلوس اسلیم – Mazanderani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn
display: none;

values: ကားလို့စ် စလင်းမ် – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: カルロス・スリム・ヘル – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਕਾਰਲੋਸ ਸਲਿਮ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Слим, Карлос – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Карлос Слим – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: கார்லொசு சிலிம் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: Карлос Слим Элу – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: การ์โลส สลิม – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Карлос Слім – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: کالوس اسلیم – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: קארלאס סלים – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values: 卡洛斯·斯利姆 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Carlos_Slim rootpage-Carlos_Slim skin-vector action-view