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Kerberos (protocol)
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Kerberos
Stable release
krb5-1.16 / 5 December 2017; 7 months ago (2017-12-05)
Written in
C
Operating system
cross-platform
Website
web.mit.edu/kerberos/
Kerberos (/ˈkɜːrbərɒs/) is a computer network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. The protocol was named after the character Kerberos (or Cerberus) from Greek mythology, the ferocious three-headed guard dog of Hades. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client–server model and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.
Kerberos builds on symmetric key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication.[1] Kerberos uses UDP port 88 by default.
Contents
1 History and development
2 Microsoft Windows
3 UNIX and Unix-like operating systems
4 Protocol
4.1 Description
4.1.1 User Client-based Logon
4.1.2 Client Authentication
4.1.3 Client Service Authorization
4.1.4 Client Service Request
5 Drawbacks and limitations
6 Vulnerabilities
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History and development[edit]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed Kerberos to protect network services provided by Project Athena. The protocol is based on the earlier Needham–Schroeder symmetric key protocol. Several versions of the protocol exist; versions 1–3 occurred only internally at MIT.
Kerberos version 4 was primarily designed by Steve Miller and Clifford Neuman. Published in the late 1980s, version 4 was also targeted at Project Athena.
Neuman and Kohl published version 5 in 1993 with the intention of overcoming existing limitations and security problems. Version 5 appeared as RFC 1510, and was made obsolete by RFC 4120 in 2005.
Authorities in the United States classified Kerberos as "Auxiliary Military Equipment" on the US Munitions List and banned its export because it used the Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption algorithm (with 56-bit keys). A non-US Kerberos 4 implementation, KTH-KRB developed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, made the system available outside the US before the US changed its cryptography export regulations (circa 2000). The Swedish implementation was based on a limited version called eBones. eBones was based on the exported MIT Bones release (stripped of both the encryption functions and the calls to them) based on version Kerberos 4 patch-level 9.
In 2005, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Kerberos working group updated specifications. Updates included:
Encryption and Checksum Specifications (RFC 3961).
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Encryption for Kerberos 5 (RFC 3962).
A new edition of the Kerberos V5 specification "The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)" (RFC 4120). This version obsoletes RFC 1510, clarifies aspects of the protocol and intended use in a more detailed and clearer explanation.
A new edition of the Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSS-API) specification "The Kerberos Version 5 Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) Mechanism: Version 2." (RFC 4121).
MIT makes an implementation of Kerberos freely available, under copyright permissions similar to those used for BSD. In 2007, MIT formed the Kerberos Consortium to foster continued development. Founding sponsors include vendors such as Oracle, Apple Inc., Google, Microsoft, Centrify Corporation and TeamF1 Inc., and academic institutions such as the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, Stanford University, MIT, and vendors such as CyberSafe offering commercially supported versions.
Microsoft Windows[edit]
Windows 2000 and later uses Kerberos as its default authentication method. [2] Some Microsoft additions to the Kerberos suite of protocols are documented in RFC 3244 "Microsoft Windows 2000 Kerberos Change Password and Set Password Protocols". RFC 4757 documents Microsoft's use of the RC4 cipher. While Microsoft uses the Kerberos protocol, it does not use the MIT software.
Kerberos is used as preferred authentication method: In general, joining a client to a Windows domain means enabling Kerberos as default protocol for authentications from that client to services in the Windows domain and all domains with trust relationships to that domain. [2]
In contrast, when either client or server or both are not joined to a domain (or not part of the same trusted domain environment), Windows will instead use NTLM for authentication between client and server. [2]
Intranet web applications can enforce Kerberos as an authentication method for domain joined clients by using APIs provided under SSPI.
UNIX and Unix-like operating systems[edit]
Many UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, including FreeBSD, Apple's Mac OS X, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Oracle's Solaris, IBM's AIX and Z/OS, HP's HP-UX and OpenVMS and others, include software for Kerberos authentication of users or services. Embedded implementation of the Kerberos V authentication protocol for client agents and network services running on embedded platforms is also available from companies.
Protocol[edit]
Description[edit]
The client authenticates itself to the Authentication Server (AS) which forwards the username to a key distribution center (KDC). The KDC issues a ticket-granting ticket (TGT), which is time stamped and encrypts it using the ticket-granting service's (TGS) secret key and returns the encrypted result to the user's workstation. This is done infrequently, typically at user logon; the TGT expires at some point although it may be transparently renewed by the user's session manager while they are logged in.
When the client needs to communicate with another node ("principal" in Kerberos parlance) to some service on that node the client sends the TGT to the TGS, which usually shares the same host as the KDC. Service must be registered at TGT with a Service Principal Name (SPN). The client uses the SPN to request access to this service. After verifying that the TGT is valid and that the user is permitted to access the requested service, the TGS issues ticket and session keys to the client. The client then sends the ticket to the service server (SS) along with its service request.
Kerberos negotiations
The protocol is described in detail below.
User Client-based Logon[edit]
A user enters a username and password on the client machine(s). Other credential mechanisms like pkinit (RFC 4556) allow for the use of public keys in place of a password.
The client transforms the password into the key of a symmetric cipher. This either uses the built-in key scheduling, or a one-way hash, depending on the cipher-suite used.
Client Authentication[edit]
The client sends a cleartext message of the user ID to the AS (Authentication Server) requesting services on behalf of the user. (Note: Neither the secret key nor the password is sent to the AS.)
The AS checks to see if the client is in its database. If it is, the AS generates the secret key by hashing the password of the user found at the database (e.g., Active Directory in Windows Server) and sends back the following two messages to the client:
Message A: Client/TGS Session Key encrypted using the secret key of the client/user.
Message B: Ticket-Granting-Ticket (TGT, which includes the client ID, client network address, ticket validity period, and the client/TGS session key) encrypted using the secret key of the TGS.
Once the client receives messages A and B, it attempts to decrypt message A with the secret key generated from the password entered by the user. If the user entered password does not match the password in the AS database, the client's secret key will be different and thus unable to decrypt message A. With a valid password and secret key the client decrypts message A to obtain the Client/TGS Session Key. This session key is used for further communications with the TGS. (Note: The client cannot decrypt Message B, as it is encrypted using TGS's secret key.) At this point, the client has enough information to authenticate itself to the TGS.
Client Service Authorization[edit]
When requesting services, the client sends the following messages to the TGS:
Message C: Composed of the TGT from message B and the ID of the requested service.
Message D: Authenticator (which is composed of the client ID and the timestamp), encrypted using the Client/TGS Session Key.
Upon receiving messages C and D, the TGS retrieves message B out of message C. It decrypts message B using the TGS secret key. This gives it the "client/TGS session key". Using this key, the TGS decrypts message D (Authenticator) and compare client ID from message C and D, if they match server sends the following two messages to the client:
Message E: Client-to-server ticket (which includes the client ID, client network address, validity period and Client/Server Session Key) encrypted using the service's secret key.
Message F: Client/Server Session Key encrypted with the Client/TGS Session Key.
Client Service Request[edit]
Upon receiving messages E and F from TGS, the client has enough information to authenticate itself to the Service Server (SS). The client connects to the SS and sends the following two messages:
Message E from the previous step (the client-to-server ticket, encrypted using service's secret key).
Message G: a new Authenticator, which includes the client ID, timestamp and is encrypted using Client/Server Session Key.
The SS decrypts the ticket (message E) using its own secret key to retrieve the Client/Server Session Key. Using the sessions key, SS decrypts the Authenticator and compare client ID from message E and G, if they match server sends the following message to the client to confirm its true identity and willingness to serve the client:
Message H: the timestamp found in client's Authenticator (plus 1 in version 4, but not necessary in version 5[3][4]), encrypted using the Client/Server Session Key.
The client decrypts the confirmation (message H) using the Client/Server Session Key and checks whether the timestamp is correct. If so, then the client can trust the server and can start issuing service requests to the server.
The server provides the requested services to the client.
Drawbacks and limitations[edit]
Single point of failure: It requires continuous availability of a central server. When the Kerberos server is down, new users cannot log in. This can be mitigated by using multiple Kerberos servers and fallback authentication mechanisms.
Kerberos has strict time requirements, which means the clocks of the involved hosts must be synchronized within configured limits. The tickets have a time availability period and if the host clock is not synchronized with the Kerberos server clock, the authentication will fail. The default configuration per MIT requires that clock times be no more than five minutes apart. In practice Network Time Protocol daemons are usually used to keep the host clocks synchronized. Note that some servers (Microsoft's implementation being one of them) may return a KRB_AP_ERR_SKEW result containing the encrypted server time in case both clocks have an offset greater than the configured maximum value. In that case, the client could retry by calculating the time using the provided server time to find the offset. This behavior is documented in RFC 4430.
The administration protocol is not standardized and differs between server implementations. Password changes are described in RFC 3244.
In case of symmetric cryptography adoption (Kerberos can work using symmetric or asymmetric (public-key) cryptography), since all authentications are controlled by a centralized key distribution center (KDC), compromise of this authentication infrastructure will allow an attacker to impersonate any user.
Each network service which requires a different host name will need its own set of Kerberos keys. This complicates virtual hosting and clusters.
Kerberos requires user accounts, user clients and the services on the server to all have a trusted relationship to the Kerberos token server (All must be in the same Kerberos domain or in domains that have a trust relationship between each other). Kerberos cannot be used in scenarios where users want to connect to services from unknown/untrusted clients as in a typical Internet or cloud computer scenario, where the authentication provider typically does not have knowledge about the users client system.
The required client trust makes creating staged environments (e.g., separate domains for test environment, pre-production environment and production environment) difficult: Either domain trust relationships need to be created that prevent a strict separation of environment domains or additional user clients need to be provided for each environment.
Vulnerabilities[edit]
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher can be used in combination with Kerberos, but is no longer an Internet standard because it is weak.[5] Security vulnerabilities exist in many legacy products that implement Kerberos because they have not been updated to use newer ciphers like AES instead of DES.
In November 2014, Microsoft released a patch (MS14-068) to rectify an exploitable vulnerability in Windows implementation of the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).[6] The vulnerability purportedly allows users to "elevate" (and abuse) their privileges, up to Domain level.
See also[edit]
Free software portal
Single sign-on
Identity management
SPNEGO
S/Key
Secure remote password protocol (SRP)
Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSS-API)
Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
List of single sign-on implementations
References[edit]
Jump up ^ RFC 4556, abstract
^ Jump up to: a b c "What Is Kerberos Authentication?". Microsoft TechNet. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
Jump up ^ C., Neuman,; J., Kohl,. "The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)". Archived from the original on 2016-08-21.
Jump up ^ Clifford, Neuman,; Sam, Hartman,; Tom, Yu,; Kenneth, Raeburn,. "The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)". Archived from the original on 2016-08-21.
Jump up ^ Tom, Yu,; Love, Astrand,. "Deprecate DES, RC4-HMAC-EXP, and Other Weak Cryptographic Algorithms in Kerberos". Archived from the original on 2015-10-27.
Jump up ^ Seltzer, Larry. "Details emerge on Windows Kerberos vulnerability - ZDNet". Archived from the original on 2014-11-21.
General
Lynn Root (May 30, 2013). "Explain like I'm 5: Kerberos". Blog of Lynn Root.
Microsoft TechNet 2017. "Basic Concepts for the Kerberos Protocol". MSDN Library.
Resource Kit Team. "Microsoft Kerberos (Windows)". MSDN Library.
B. Clifford Neuman; Theodore Ts'o (September 1994). "Kerberos: An Authentication Service for Computer Networks". IEEE Communications. 32 (9): 33–8. doi:10.1109/35.312841.
John T. Kohl; B. Clifford Neuman; Theodore Y. Ts'o (1994). "The Evolution of the Kerberos Authentication System". In Johansen, D.; Brazier, F. M. T. Distributed open systems (Postscript). Washington: IEEE Computer Society Press. pp. 78–94. ISBN 0-8186-4292-0. [permanent dead link]
"Kerberos Overview: An Authentication Service for Open Network Systems". Cisco Systems. 19 January 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
"How Kerberos Authentication Works". learn-networking.com. 28 January 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
"What is Kerberos Authentication?: Logon and Authentication". Microsoft TechNet. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
RFCs
RFC 1510 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) [Obsolete]
RFC 1964 The Kerberos Version 5 GSS-API Mechanism
RFC 3961 Encryption and Checksum Specifications for Kerberos 5
RFC 3962 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Encryption for Kerberos 5
RFC 4120 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) [Current]
RFC 4121 The Kerberos Version 5 Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) Mechanism: Version 2
RFC 4537 Kerberos Cryptosystem Negotiation Extension
RFC 4556 Public Key Cryptography for Initial Authentication in Kerberos (PKINIT)
RFC 4557 Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) Support for Public Key Cryptography for Initial Authentication in Kerberos (PKINIT)
RFC 4757 The RC4-HMAC Kerberos Encryption Types Used by Microsoft Windows [Obsolete]
RFC 5021 Extended Kerberos Version 5 Key Distribution Center (KDC) Exchanges over TCP
RFC 5349 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Support for Public Key Cryptography for Initial Authentication in Kerberos (PKINIT)
RFC 5868 Problem Statement on the Cross-Realm Operation of Kerberos
RFC 5896 Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API): Delegate if Approved by Policy
RFC 6111 Additional Kerberos Naming Constraints
RFC 6112 Anonymity Support for Kerberos
RFC 6113 A Generalized Framework for Kerberos Pre-Authentication
RFC 6251 Using Kerberos Version 5 over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
RFC 6448 The Unencrypted Form of Kerberos 5 KRB-CRED Message
RFC 6542 Kerberos Version 5 Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) Channel Binding Hash Agility
RFC 6560 One-Time Password (OTP) Pre-Authentication
RFC 6649 Deprecate DES, RC4-HMAC-EXP, and Other Weak Cryptographic Algorithms in Kerberos
RFC 6784 Kerberos Options for DHCPv6
RFC 6803 Camellia Encryption for Kerberos 5
RFC 6806 Kerberos Principal Name Canonicalization and Cross-Realm Referrals
RFC 6880 An Information Model for Kerberos Version 5
Further reading[edit]
"Novell Inc's Comment to the Proposed Settlement between Microsoft and the Department of Justice, pusuant to the Tunney Act". Civil Action No. 98-1232 (CKK): United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation. Department of Justice. 29 January 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Bryant, Bill (February 1988). "Designing an Authentication System: A Dialogue in Four Scenes". Humorous play concerning how the design of Kerberos evolved. MIT.
Hornstein, Ken (18 August 2000). "Kerberos FAQ, v2.0". Secretary of Navy. Archived from the original on 3 December 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kerberos.
Kerberos Consortium
Kerberos page at MIT website
Kerberos Working Group at IETF website
Kerberos Sequence Diagram
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Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
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Chief of Staff of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (CSAFP)
Official seal
Incumbent
General Carlito Galvez Jr., AFP
since April 18, 2018
Reports to
Secretary of National Defense
President of the Philippines
Appointer
The President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments
Term length
Mandatory retirement at age 56.[1] Can be extended for 3-6 Months under R.A 9186
Inaugural holder
Artemio Ricarte (Revolutionary)
Jose Delos Reyes (AFP)
Formation
December 21, 1935 (Official)
March 22, 1897 (Revolutionary)
Website
Philippine Armed Forces
The following is the list of Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (CSAFP). The Armed Forces of the Philippines were created as a result of the December 21, 1935 National Defense Act, Commonwealth Act No. 1.[2] However, the origin of the organization can be traced back to the establishment of the Philippine Constabulary, armed Filipino forces organized in 1901 by the United States to combat the Philippine Revolutionary Forces then led by General Emilio Aguinaldo.
The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, usually the only soldier holding a rank of four-star general/admiral is the head of all military forces of the Philippines including all service branches under its command. Its direct equivalent in the United States Armed Forces is the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Unlike his/her United States counterpart which is merely supervisory, the AFP Chief of Staff has operational control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces.
Contents
[hide]
1 Chiefs of Staff of the AFP
1.1 As Philippine Revolutionary Army
1.2 As Armed Forces of the Philippines
2 Notes
3 References
4 External links
Chiefs of Staff of the AFP[edit]
As Philippine Revolutionary Army[edit]
№
Chief-of-Staff
Took office
Left office
Time in office
Defence branch
1
Ricarte, ArtemioCaptain General Artemio Ricarte
(1866–1945)
[a] 22 March 1897 22 January 1899 7002671000000000000♠1 year, 306 days
Revolutionary Army
2
Luna, AntonioGeneral Antonio Luna
(1866–1899)
[b] 22 January 1899 5 June 1899 † 7002134000000000000♠134 days
Revolutionary Army
3
Aguinaldo, EmilioGeneral Emilio Aguinaldo
(1869–1964)
[c] 5 June 1899 23 March 1901 7002656000000000000♠1 year, 291 days
Revolutionary Army
As Armed Forces of the Philippines[edit]
№
Chief-of-Staff
Took office
Left office
Time in office
Defence branch
1
Reyes, Jose DelosMajor General Jose Delos Reyes 21 December 1935 6 May 1936 7002137000000000000♠137 days
Philippine Army
2
Santos, PaulinoMajor General Paulino Santos
(1890–1945) 6 May 1936 31 December 1938 7002969000000000000♠2 years, 239 days
Philippine Army
3
Valdez, BasilioMajor General Basilio Valdez 1 January 1939 7 November 1945 7003250200000000000♠6 years, 310 days
Philippine Constabulary
4
Jalandoni, RafaelMajor General Rafael Jalandoni 21 December 1945 20 December 1948 7003109500000000000♠2 years, 365 days
Philippine Constabulary
5
Castañeda, MarianoMajor General Mariano Castañeda
(1892–1970) 21 December 1948 28 May 1951 7002888000000000000♠2 years, 158 days
Philippine Constabulary
6
Duque, CalixtoMajor General Calixto Duque 2 June 1951 30 December 1953 7002942000000000000♠2 years, 211 days
Philippine Army
7
Vargas, JesusLieutenant General Jesus Vargas 30 December 1953 29 December 1956 7003109500000000000♠2 years, 365 days
Philippine Army
8
Arellano, AlfonsoLieutenant General Alfonso Arellano 29 December 1956 31 December 1958 7002732000000000000♠2 years, 2 days
Philippine Army
9
Cabal, ManuelLieutenant General Manuel Cabal 1 January 1959 30 December 1961 7003109400000000000♠2 years, 363 days
Philippine Constabulary
10
Cruz, Pelagio A.Lieutenant General Pelagio A. Cruz
(1912–1986) 30 December 1961 31 August 1962 7002244000000000000♠244 days
Philippine Air Force
11
Santos, AlfredoGeneral Alfredo Santos
(1905–1990) 1 September 1962 12 July 1965 7003104500000000000♠2 years, 314 days
Philippine Army
12
Atienza, RigobertoGeneral Rigoberto Atienza 13 July 1965 22 January 1966 7002193000000000000♠193 days
Philippine Army
13
Mata, ErnestoGeneral Ernesto Mata
(1915–2012) 22 January 1966 21 January 1967 7002364000000000000♠364 days
Philippine Army
14
Osias, VictorGeneral Victor Osias 21 January 1967 15 August 1967 7002206000000000000♠206 days
Philippine Air Force
15
Velasco, SegundoGeneral Segundo Velasco 15 August 1967 27 May 1968 7002286000000000000♠286 days
Philippine Army
16
Yan, Manuel T.General Manuel T. Yan
(1920–2008)
[d] 28 May 1968 15 January 1972 7003132700000000000♠3 years, 232 days
Philippine Constabulary
17
Espino, RomeoGeneral Romeo Espino
[e] 15 January 1972 15 August 1981 7003350000000000000♠9 years, 212 days
Philippine Army
18
Ver, FabianGeneral Fabian Ver
(1920–1998)
[f] 15 August 1981 24 October 1984 7003116600000000000♠3 years, 70 days
Philippine Constabulary
19
Ramos, FidelGeneral Fidel V. Ramos
(born 1928) 24 October 1984 2 December 1985 7002404000000000000♠1 year, 39 days
Philippine Constabulary
(18)
Ver, FabianGeneral Fabian Ver
(1920–1998) 2 December 1985 25 February 1986 7001850000000000000♠85 days
Philippine Constabulary
(19)
Ramos, FidelGeneral Fidel V. Ramos
(born 1928)
[g] 25 February 1986 23 January 1988 7002697000000000000♠1 year, 332 days
Philippine Constabulary
20
De Villa, RenatoGeneral Renato De Villa
(born 1935)
[h] 25 January 1988 23 January 1991 7003109400000000000♠2 years, 363 days
Philippine Constabulary
21
Biazon, RodolfoGeneral Rodolfo Biazon
(born 1935)
[i] 24 January 1991 12 April 1991 7001780000000000000♠78 days
Philippine Marine Corps
22
Abadia, LisandroGeneral Lisandro Abadia 12 April 1991 12 April 1994 7003109600000000000♠3 years, 0 days
Philippine Army
23
Enrile, ArturoGeneral Arturo Enrile
(1940–1998)
[j] 15 April 1994 28 November 1996 7002227000000000000♠227 days
Philippine Army
24
Acedera, ArnulfoGeneral Arnulfo Acedera
[k] 28 November 1996 31 December 1997 7002398000000000000♠1 year, 33 days
Philippine Air Force
26
Mariano, ClementeGeneral Clemente Mariano 1 January 1998 30 June 1998 7002180000000000000♠180 days
Philippine Army
27
Nazareno, JoselinoGeneral Joselino Nazareno
[l] 1 July 1998 8 July 1999 7002372000000000000♠1 year, 7 days
Philippine Army
28
Reyes, AngeloGeneral Angelo Reyes
(1945–2011)
[m] 8 July 1999 17 March 2001 7002618000000000000♠1 year, 252 days
Philippine Army
29
Villanueva, DiomedioGeneral Diomedio Villanueva 17 March 2001 18 May 2002 7002427000000000000♠1 year, 62 days
Philippine Army
30
Cimatu, RoyGeneral Roy Cimatu
(born 1946)
[n] 18 May 2002 10 September 2002 7002115000000000000♠115 days
Philippine Army
31
Defensor, Benjamin Jr.General Benjamin Defensor Jr.
[o] 10 September 2002 28 November 2002 7001790000000000000♠79 days
Philippine Air Force
32
Santiago, DionisioGeneral Dionisio Santiago
[p] 28 November 2002 8 April 2003 7002131000000000000♠131 days
Philippine Army
34
Abaya, NarcisoGeneral Narciso Abaya 8 April 2003 29 October 2004 7002570000000000000♠1 year, 204 days
Philippine Army
35
Abu, EfrenGeneral Efren Abu 29 October 2004 15 August 2005 7002290000000000000♠290 days
Philippine Army
36
Senga, GenerosoGeneral Generoso Senga 15 August 2005 22 July 2006 7002341000000000000♠341 days
Philippine Army
37
Esperon, Hermogenes Jr.General Hermogenes Esperon Jr.
(born 1952)
[q] 22 July 2006 12 May 2008 7002660000000000000♠1 year, 295 days
Philippine Army
38
Yano, AlexanderGeneral Alexander Yano
[r] 12 May 2008 1 May 2009 7002354000000000000♠354 days
Philippine Army
39
Ibrado, VictorGeneral Victor Ibrado 1 May 2009 10 March 2010 7002313000000000000♠313 days
Philippine Army
40
Bangit, DelfinGeneral Delfin N. Bangit
(1955–2013) 10 March 2010 22 June 2010 7002104000000000000♠104 days
Philippine Army
-
Ochoa, NestorLieutenant General Nestor Ochoa (Acting) 22 June 2010 30 June 2010 7000800000000000000♠8 days
Philippine Army
41
David, Ricardo Jr.General Ricardo David
(born 1955)
[s] 2 July 2010 7 March 2011 7002248000000000000♠248 days
Philippine Army
42
Oban, Eduardo Jr.General Eduardo Oban Jr.
(born 1955)
[t] 7 March 2011 12 December 2011 7002280000000000000♠280 days
Philippine Air Force
43
Dellosa, JessieGeneral Jessie Dellosa
(born 1957) 12 December 2011 20 January 2013 7002405000000000000♠1 year, 39 days
Philippine Army
44
Bautista, EmmanuelGeneral Emmanuel T. Bautista
(born 1958) 20 January 2013 18 July 2014 7002544000000000000♠1 year, 179 days
Philippine Army
45
Catapang, Gregorio PioGeneral Gregorio Pio Catapang
(born 1959)
[u] 18 July 2014 10 July 2015 7002357000000000000♠357 days
Philippine Army
46
Catapang, Gregorio PioGeneral Hernando Delfin Carmelo A. Iriberri
(born 1960)
[v] 10 July 2015 22 April 2016 7002287000000000000♠287 days
Philippine Army
-
Miranda, GloriosoLieutenant General Glorioso Miranda (Acting)
(born 1961) 22 April 2016 30 June 2016 7001690000000000000♠69 days
Philippine Army
47
Visaya, RicardoGeneral Ricardo Visaya
(born 1960)
[w] 1 July 2016 7 December 2016 7002159000000000000♠159 days
Philippine Army
48
Año, EduardoGeneral Eduardo Año
(born 1961)
[x] 7 December 2016 26 October 2017 7002323000000000000♠323 days
Philippine Army
49
Guerrero, Rey LeonardoGeneral Rey Leonardo Guerrero
(born 1961)
[y] 26 October 2017 18 April 2018[z] 7002174000000000000♠174 days
Philippine Army
50 Galvez, Carlito, Jr.General Carlito Galvez Jr.
(born 1962)
[aa] 18 April 2018 12 December 2018 7002238000000000000♠238 days
Philippine Army
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Ricarte was elected Captain-General by the Tejeros Convention.
Jump up ^ Luna was assassinated by General Aguinaldo's men. Became the First President of the Republic of the Philippines.
Jump up ^ Aguinaldo personally took charge after General Antonio Luna's assassination.
Jump up ^ Yan served as the youngest chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines at the age of 48. Prior to that, he was the chief of the Philippine Constabulary. He currently holds the record for longest continuous government service from 1937- 2001 or 64 years of service.
Jump up ^ Espino served as the Commanding General of the Philippine Army before appointed to become the top military man. Espino is the longest-serving Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for nine years, especially during the martial law regime. A second product of the ROTC. During his term, he was fair in administering the military, unlike his successor, General Fabian Ver.
Jump up ^ Ver was considered a loyalist and the second most powerful man in the country next to President Ferdinand Marcos in the later years of his authoritarian regime, replacing then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, who held the status since 1972 when Marcos named him as martial law administrator upon the imposition of martial law. Ver, in fact, was the most powerful military officer at that time for, aside from being the top military man, he was also the commander of the Presidential Security Command and the director-general of NISA, the Marcos regime's secret police. The third military officer appointed as chief of staff that came from ROTC. During his term, he was known for his favoritism especially in the promotion of officers.
Jump up ^ Ramos then, before becoming the chief of the now defunct Philippine Constabulary in 1972, he was the commander of Philippine Army's 3rd Division in Cebu. On the 1980s he was promoted into vice-chief of staff with the rank of lieutenant general but remained as PC chief. After the EDSA revolt that ousted Marcos his cousin from power, he became the AFP chief. Later after retiring as AFP chief of staff during the term of President Corazon C. Aquino served as Secretary of National Defense and was elected the 12th President of the Republic of the Philippines in 1992 and served until 1998. He is the 2nd Army General who became the President of the Republic after Gen. Aguinaldo.
Jump up ^ Prior to becoming chief of staff, in 1986, De Villa was named to be the chief of the Philippine Constabulary (now defunct), then an AFP major service acting as the country's police force while he was also named to be AFP vice-chief of staff with the rank of three-star general. Upon retirement, De Villa served as Secretary of National Defense when he retired in 1991 and ran for president but lost to Joseph Estrada and Executive Secretary under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
Jump up ^ Biazon served in the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives after his retirement as AFP chief of staff in 1991. He is the first and only Chief of Staff from the PMC. Prior to that, he served as the commander of the AFP NCR Defense Command in 1988 and Commandant of the Philippine Marine Corps in 1987. He had also served as the superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy in 1986.
Jump up ^ Enrile later served as Secretary of the DOTC under President Fidel Ramos.
Jump up ^ Second chief of staff to come from the Philippine Air Force.
Jump up ^ Later served as Ambassador to Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Reyes later served as Secretary of National Defense, Secretary of DILG, Secretary of DENR, and Secretary of DOE under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
Jump up ^ Cimatu later served as Special Envoy to the Middle East. Cimatu served as the Secretary of the DENR under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte.
Jump up ^ The third AFP chief of staff from the Philippine Air Force.
Jump up ^ Later served as the director-general of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.
Jump up ^ Esperon later served as Presidential Adviser on Peace Process under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Esperon served as National Security Adviser under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte.
Jump up ^ Yano was the first general to be born in Mindanao and later served as our country's Ambassador to Brunei.
Jump up ^ David later served as Bureau of Immigration Commissioner under President Benigno Aquino III.
Jump up ^ The fourth AFP chief of staff from the Philippine Air Force.
Jump up ^ Catapang is the only RAM member to become Chief of Staff. Later served as Bases Conversion Development Agency Board Member.
Jump up ^ 1st from Class 1983 to become AFP Chief.[3]
Jump up ^ Later served as the Administrator of the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte.[4]
Jump up ^ Later served as the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte[3]
Jump up ^ 1st chief of staff from the PMA Class 1984
Jump up ^ Originally retire on December 17, 2017, but his term was extended for 4 months.[5]
Jump up ^ 1st chief of staff from the PMA Class 1985
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference glorioso was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 1: The National Defense Act, Chanrobles law library, December 21, 1935, retrieved 2008-10-24
^ Jump up to: a b "Rebel hunter Año is new AFP chief". Rappler. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Duterte leads AFP change of command rites". Sun.Star Manila. 1 July 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hello, goodbye, General Guerrero". Philippine Daily Inquirer. December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
External links[edit]
Reveille: AFP chiefs of staff through the years, Ramon J. Farolan, Philippine Daily Inquirer, January 10, 2010
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Artemio Ricarte

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Antonio Luna

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Jose Delos Reyes

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Basilio Valdez

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Rafael Jalandoni

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Calixto Duque

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Alfonso Arellano

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Pelagio A. Cruz

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Alfredo Santos

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Rigoberto Atienza

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Segundo Velasco

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Manuel T. Yan

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Romeo Espino

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Fabian Ver

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Fidel V. Ramos

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Fidel V. Ramos

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Renato De Villa

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Renato De Villa

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Rodolfo Biazon

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Lisandro Abadia

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Arturo Enrile

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Arnulfo Acedera

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Clemente Mariano

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Joselino Nazareno

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Angelo Reyes

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Diomedio Villanueva

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Benjamin Defensor Jr.

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Dionisio Santiago

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Narciso Abaya

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Generoso Senga

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Hermogenes Esperon Jr.

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Hermogenes Esperon Jr.

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Alexander Yano

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Alexander Yano

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Victor Ibrado

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Delfin N. Bangit

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