text:
Names for United States citizens
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Different languages use different terms for citizens of the United States, who are known in English as Americans. All forms of English refer to United States citizens as Americans, a term deriving from the Americas. In the English context, it came to refer to inhabitants of British North America and then the United States.[1] However, there is some linguistic ambiguity over this use due to the other senses of the word American, which can also refer to people from the Americas in general.[2] Other languages, including French, German, Japanese and Russian, use cognates of American to refer to people from the United States while others, particularly Spanish, primarily use terms derived from United States. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans.
Contents
1 Development of the term American
2 International use
3 Alternative terms
4 Colloquial terms
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Notes
6.2 Bibliography
Development of the term American[edit]
See also: American (word)
Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map.[3]
First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and subsequently to European settlers and their descendants.[1] English use of the term American for people of European descent dates to the 17th century, with the earliest recorded appearance being in Thomas Gage's The English-American: A New Survey of the West Indies in 1648.[1] In English, American came to be applied especially to people in British America and thus its use as a demonym for the United States derives by extension.[1]
The United States Declaration of Independence of 1776 refers to "the thirteen united [sic] States of America",[4] making the first formal use of the country name, which was officially adopted in 1777 by the nation's first governing constitution, the Articles of Confederation.[5] The Federalist Papers of 1787–1788, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison to advocate the ratification of the United States Constitution, use the word "American" in both its original pan-American sense, but also in its United States sense: Federalist Paper 24 refers to the "American possessions" of Britain and Spain[6] (i.e. land outside of the United States) while Federalist Papers 51[7] and 70[8] refer to the United States as "the American republic". People from the United States increasingly referred to themselves as Americans through the end of the 18th century and the 1795 Treaty of Peace and Amity with the Barbary States refers to "American Citizens"[9] while George Washington spoke to his people of "[t]he name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity" in his 1796 farewell address.[10] Eventually, this usage spread through other English-speaking countries and the unqualified noun American in all forms of the English language now chiefly refers to natives or citizens of the United States, though other senses are generally specified with a qualifier such as Latin American or North American.[1]
International use[edit]
International speakers of English generally refer to people from the United States as Americans while equivalent translations of American are used in many other languages, namely French (américain), although the term étatsunien derived from États-Unis (United States) in French is also accepted, Dutch (Amerikaan), Afrikaans (Amerikaner), Japanese (アメリカ人, rōmaji: amerika-jin), Filipino (Amerikano), Hebrew (אמריקאי), Arabic (أمريكي) and Russian (американец, американка).
In German, the designation US-Amerikaner and its adjective form US-amerikanisch are sometimes used, though Amerikaner (adjective: amerikanisch) is more common in scientific, official, journalistic and colloquial parlance. The style manual of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, a leading German-language newspaper, dismisses the term U.S.-amerikanisch as both "unnecessary" and "artificial" and recommends replacing it with amerikanisch.[11] The respective guidelines of the foreign ministries of Austria, Germany and Switzerland all dictate Amerikaner/amerikanisch for official usage.[12][13][14] Ami is common in colloquial speech. In Italian, both americano and statunitense are used, although the former is more common.
In European Portuguese, americano is mostly used in colloquial speech, but the term usually used in the press is norte-americano. In Brazilian Portuguese, the everyday term is usually americano or norte-americano and estadunidense is the preferred form in academia.
Chinese has distinct words for American in the continent sense and American in the United States sense. The United States is called 美国 (Pinyin: měiguó; Jyutping: mei5 gwok3) while the continent of America is called 美洲 (Pinyin: měizhōu; Jyutping: mei5 zau1). There are separate demonyms derived from each word and a United States citizen is referred to as 美国人 (Pinyin: měiguó rén; Jyutping: mei5 gwok3 yan4).
Although some Spanish speakers use the translation of American (americano) as well, the official Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas de la Real Academia Española nonetheless recommends instead estadounidense (literally United Statesian) because American can also refer to all of the inhabitants of the continents of North and South America.[15] In Spanish-speaking Latin America and the Caribbean, Americans may be referred to as americanos or estadounidenses and in colloquial uses gringos, but the latter word usually has a disparaging meaning depending on the context in which it is used.
Alternative terms[edit]
The only officially and commonly used alternative for referring to the people of the United States in English is to refer to them as citizens of that country.[16] Another alternative is US-American,[17] also spelled US American. Several single-word English alternatives for American have been suggested over time, including Usonian (popularized by Frank Lloyd Wright)[18] and the nonce term United-Statesian.[19] Writer H. L. Mencken collected a number of proposals from between 1789 and 1939, finding terms including Columbian, Columbard, Fredonian, Frede, Unisian, United Statesian, Colonican, Appalacian, Usian, Washingtonian, Usonian, Uessian, U-S-ian, Uesican and United Stater.[20] Nevertheless, no alternative to American is common in English.[16] Names for broader categories include terms such as Western Hemispherian, New Worlder and North Atlantican.[21][22][23]
Colloquial terms[edit]
Yankee (or Yank) is a colloquial term for Americans in English, albeit cognates can be found in other languages. Within the United States, Yankee usually refers to people specifically from New England or the Northern United States, though it has been applied to Americans generally since the 18th century, especially by the British.[24] The earliest recorded use in this context is in a 1784 letter by Horatio Nelson.[24]
See also[edit]
Language portal
United States portal
List of demonyms for U.S. states and territories
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "American, n. and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2008.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, p. 87. Retrieved November 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ Holloway, Thomas H., ed. (2010). A Companion to Latin American History. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 6. ISBN 978-1444338843.
Jump up ^ "The Charters of Freedom". National Archives. Retrieved 2007-06-20.
Jump up ^ Articles of Confederation, Article 1. Available at the Library of Congress' American Memory.
Jump up ^ Alexander Hamilton. "The Federalist no. 24".
Jump up ^ James Madison. "The Federalist no. 51".
Jump up ^ Alexander Hamilton. "The Federalist no. 70".
Jump up ^ "The Barbary Treaties: Treaty of Peace and Amity".
Jump up ^ "Washington's Farewell Address 1796". From The Avalon Project. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ Vademecum. Der sprachlich-technische Leitfaden der «Neuen Zürcher Zeitung», 13th edition. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zürich 2013, p. 102, s. v. US-amerikanisch.
Jump up ^ Eidgenössisches Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten: „Liste der Staatenbezeichnungen“ Archived 2015-11-03 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF)
Jump up ^ Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten: „Liste der Staatennamen und deren Ableitungen in den vom Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten verwendeten Formen“ (PDF)
Jump up ^ Auswärtiges Amt: „Verzeichnis der Staatennamen für den amtlichen Gebrauch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland“ (PDF)
Jump up ^ (in Spanish) "El gentilicio recomendado, por ser el de uso mayoritario, es estadounidense" Unidos Estados Unidos (3) RAE. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993). "American, America". From The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Retrieved April 27, 2009. Archived June 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ University of the Pacific (United States): 1.5.4 - Sources of US-American Culture
Jump up ^ The Concise Oxford Dictionary (1999:1580) gives the first meaning of the noun Usonian as "a native or inhabitant of the United States".
Jump up ^ "United States". From the Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage (1994:88). First published in the December 1947 issue of American Speech.
Jump up ^ Matthews, Allan (2006). Sovereigns Peacefully Take Charge.
Jump up ^ Bartow, Arthur (1988). The director's voice. p. 50.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Elwood (2008). The lucky few. p. 15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yankee". From the Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
Bibliography[edit]
Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage. Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1994. ISBN 978-0-87779-132-4.
Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. June 2002.
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List of Mount Everest records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the list of records established on Mount Everest. For the "Everest Records" record label, see Everest Records.
From Kala Patthar, west of Everest looking the South East face primarily
Mount Everest from Gokyo Ri, showing a little more of the North face
Tashi and Nungshi were the first twins to summit Mount Everest together
People on the summit of Everest
This article lists different records related to Mount Everest. One of the most commonly sought after records is a "summit", to reach the highest elevation point on Mount Everest.
Contents
[hide]
1 Records
1.1 Highest number of times to reach the summit of Mount Everest
1.2 Other Number of Times Records
1.3 First to summit a certain number of times
1.4 Double summiting records
1.5 Fastest ascents
1.6 Deadliest accident
1.7 Oldest summiters
1.8 Youngest Summiters
1.8.1 Youngest female
1.9 First …
1.10 Disabled or diseased summiters
1.11 Other
1.12 Nepali records
2 Most summits in one day
3 Everest base camp records
4 Death statistics
5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links
8 References
Records[edit]
Highest number of times to reach the summit of Mount Everest[edit]
† - Non-Nepali or Tibetan
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Highest number of times to reach the summit 21 Apa Sherpa Nepal 2012-05-11 !May 11, 2011 [1]
Phurba Tashi Sherpa Nepal 2013-05-19 !May 19, 2013 [2]
Other Number of Times Records[edit]
† - Non-Nepali or Tibetan
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Most ascents by a woman 8 Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal [3][4][5]
Most summits without supplemental oxygen 10 Ang Rita Nepal 1996-05-23 !May 23, 1996 [6]
Most summits by a foreigner † 15 Dave Hahn United States [7][8][9]
Most ascents by a foreign woman † 6 Melissa Arnot United States [10][11]
Further information: List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit
First to summit a certain number of times[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
First climbers confirmed as having reached the summit Summited Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay New Zealand, Nepal 1953-05-29 !May 29, 1953
First woman to summit once Summited Junko Tabei Japan May 16, 1975 [12]
First to summit twice 2 Nawang Gombu Nepal 1963, 1965 [13][14][15]
First woman to summit twice 2 Amanda darkie India 1992, 1993 [16]
First to summit three times 3 by 1982 Sungdare Sherpa Nepal [17]
First woman to summit three times 3 by 2003 Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal [18]
First to summit 4 times 4 by 1985 Sungdare Sherpa Nepal [19]
First woman to summit 4 times 4 by 2004 Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal [20]
First to summit 5 times 5 by 1988 Sungdare Sherpa Nepal [19]
First woman to summit 5 times 5 by 2005 Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal [21]
First person to summit 6 times 6 by 1990 Ang Rita Nepal [19]
First woman to summit 6 times 6 by 2006 Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal
First person to summit 7 times 7 by 1992 Ang Rita Nepal [22]
First woman to summit 7 times 7 by 2016 Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal [3]
First person to summit 8 times 8 by 1993 Ang Rita Nepal [22]
First person to summit 9 times 9 by 1995 Ang Rita Nepal [23]
First person to summit 10 times 10 by 1996 Ang Rita Nepal [24]
First person to summit 11 times 11 by 2000 Apa Sherpa Nepal [25]
Apa continued to increase in summits until 2011, achieving 21 times.[26]
Double summiting records[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
First dual ascent made by a woman on Mount Everest summit within five days Summited Anshu Jamsenpa India 21 May 2017 [27]
Fastest ascents[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Fastest ascent from Everest South Base Camp
with supplemental oxygen 8 hours and 10 minutes Pemba Dorje Nepal 2004-05-21 !May 21, 2004 [28]
Fastest ascent from Everest South Base Camp
without supplemental oxygena 20 hours and 24 minutes Aman Kumar Sinha India 1998-10-17 !October 17, 2008 [29]
Fastest ascent without supplemental oxygen
and fastest ascent from Everest North Base Camp 16 hours and 45 minutes Hans Kammerlander Italy 1996-5-24 !May 24, 1996 [30]
Longest stay on the summit 21 hours Babu Chiri Sherpa Nepal 1999-05-06 !May 6, 1999 [31]
Deadliest accident[edit]
Record name
Record
Nation
Date
Ref
Most deaths in one day at Everest 22 Nepal, China 2015-04-25 !April 25, 2015 [32]
Oldest summiters[edit]
This table shows the progression of the record for oldest male summiter, as well as some additional examples of aged summiters for comparison
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
80 years 224 days Yuichiro Miura (b 1932) Japan 2013-05-23 !May 23, 2013 [33]
76 years 340 days Min Bahadur Sherchan (b 1931) Nepal 2008 [33][34][35]
75 years 227 days Yuichiro Miura Japan 2008 [33][34][35]
72 years Bill Burke United States 2014-05-25 !May 25, 2014 [36][37]
71 years 61 days Katsusuke Yanagisawa Japan 2007-05-22 !May 22, 2007 [38][39]
70 years 225 days Takao Arayama Japan May 2006 [39][40]
70 years 222 days Yuichiro Miura Japan May 2003 [33][34][39][40]
65 years 176 days Tomiyasu Ishikawa Japan 2002-05-17 !17 May 2002 [41]
65 years Sir Ranulph Fiennes (b 1944) United Kingdom 2009-05-21 !21 May 2009 [42]
64 years Sherman Bull United States 2001-05-25 !May 25, 2001 [43][44]
63 years 311 days Toshio Yamamoto Japan 2000 [45][46]
60 years 161 days Lev Sarkisov Georgia 1999-05-12 !May 12, 1999 [45][47]
60 years 160 days Ramon Balanca (Blanco) Suarez Venezuela 1993 (b. 1933) [48]
55 years Richard Bass (b. 1929) United States April 1985 [48][49]
50 years Chris Bonington (b. 1934) United Kingdom April 1985 [48]
50 years Jozef Psotka (b. 1934, died on descent) Czechoslovakia October 1984 [48]
50 years 118 days Gerhard Schmatz (b 1929) West Germany October 1979 [41][50]
49 years 52 days Pierre Mazeaud (b 1929) France 15 Oct 1978 [41]
42 years 6 months Sonam Gyatso (b 1922) India 22 May 1965 [41]
39 years Tenzing Norgay (b 1914) Nepal 29 May 1953 [41]
Norgay was older than Hillary, so they became the modern day starting point for oldest and youngest climbers respectively.
This table shows the progression of the record for oldest female summiter.
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
73 years 180 days Tamae Watanabe Japan 2012-05-19 !May 19, 2012 [51][52]
63 years 177 days Tamae Watanabe Japan 2002-05-16 !May 16, 2002 [51][52]
50 years Anna Czerwińska Poland 2000-05-22 !May 22, 2000 [53]
47 years 98 days (died in the 1996 Mount Everest disaster) Yasuko Namba Japan 1996-05-10 !May 10, 1996 [52]
47 years 21 days Mary Lefever United States 1993-05-19 !May 19, 1993 [41]
39 years 228 days (died on descent) Hannelore Schmatz Germany 1979-10-02 !October 10, 1979 [41]
35 years, 236 days Junko Tabei Japan May 16, 1975 [12][41]
Junko Tabei was the first woman to reach the summit, and thus set the initial records for both oldest and youngest female summiter.
Youngest Summiters[edit]
Due to some variations in record keeping, there may be some variation in the examples
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Youngest person to climb Mount Everest 13 years 10 months 10 days old Jordan Romero United States 2010-05-22 !May 22, 2010 [54]
Youngest person to climb Mount Everest (2003-2010) 15 years old Ming Kipa (female) Nepal 2003-05-24 !May 24, 2003 [55][56][57]
Youngest person to climb Mount Everest (2001-2003) 16 year 14 days old Temba Tsheri Nepal 2001-5-24 !May 24, 2001 [58]
Youngest person to climb Mount Everest (1990-2001) 17 years old Bertrand Roche France 1990-5-24 !1990 [58]
Purna was about a month older than Romero at the time of her summiting in 2014:
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Next youngest person and youngest female 13 years 11 months old Malavath Purna India 2014-05-25 !May 25, 2014 [59][60]
Youngest female[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Youngest girl to climb Mount Everest 13 years and 11 months old Malavath Purna India 2014-05-25 !May 25, 2014 [59][60]
Youngest person to climb Mount Everest (2003-2010) 15 years old Ming Kipa Nepal 2003-05-24 !May 24, 2003 [55][56][57]
Youngest woman up to Summit Everest up to that time 19 years 35 days Dicky Dolma India May 10, 1993 [61]
Youngest woman to summit up to that time 22 years, 273 days Kim Soon-Jo South Korea May 10, 1993
Youngest Muslim woman to summit 22 years, 242 days Samina Baig Pakistan May 19, 2013
Youngest woman to summit up to that time 24 years, 215 days Santosh Yadav India May 12, 1992
Youngest British woman to summit 25 years Tori James Wales May 24, 2007
Youngest woman to summit up to that time 27 years 5 days Lydia Bradey New Zealand October 14, 1988 [41][62]
Youngest woman to summit up to that time 29 year 2 days Sharon Wood Canada May 20, 1986 [41]
Youngest woman to summit up to that time 30 years 28 days Bachendri Pal India May 23, 1984 [41]
First (so both the youngest and oldest) woman to summit 35 years 236 days Junko Tabei Japan May 16, 1975 [12][41]
See also
Nimdoma Sherpa
Samantha Larson
Nima Chhamzi Sherpa, summited May 19, 2012 at the age of 16.[63]
First …[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
First climbers confirmed as having reached the summit Summited Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay New Zealand, Nepal 1953-05-29 !May 29, 1953
Youngest female person to climb from Tibetan Side of Everest Summited Malavath Purna India 2014-05-25 !May 25, 2014 [59][60]
First woman to reach the summit Summited Junko Tabei Japan May 16, 1975 [12]
First ascent without supplemental oxygen Summited Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler Italy, Austria May 8, 1978
First winter ascent Summited Krzysztof Wielicki and Leszek Cichy Poland February 17, 1980
First solo ascent without supplemental oxygen Summited Reinhold Messner Italy August 20, 1980
First paraglider descent from summit Summited, descended by paraglider Jean-Marc Boivin France September 26, 1988 [64]
First female ascent without supplemental oxygen Summited Lydia Bradey New Zealand October 14, 1988 [62]
First Nepalese woman to successfully summit and descend Summited, descended Lhakpa Sherpa Nepal May 18, 2000 [65]
First to descend on a snowboard Summited, descended by snowboard Marco Siffredi France May, 2001
First person to reach the summit from three different routes (South Col., North Face and Khangshung Face) Summited by 3 routes Kushang Sherpa India 1993- 2003 [66]
[67]
First two people to marry on top of Mount Everest Summited, married Pem Dorjee and Moni Mulepati Nepal May 30, 2005 [68]
First twins to climb Mount Everest together Summited Tashi and Nungshi Malik India May 19, 2013 [69]
First to climb the Everest Triple Crown Summited Kenton Cool and Dorje Gylgen United Kingdom, Nepal May 21, 2013 [70]
First to recite national anthem at everest Summited Ratnesh Pandey India May 21, 2016
Disabled or diseased summiters[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Amputated foot Summited Everest Tom Whittaker United States May 27, 1998 [71]
Blind Summited Everest via South Col Erik Weihenmayer United States May 25, 2001
Cystic fibrosis Summited Everest Nick Talbot United Kingdom May 2016 [72]
Left arm amputated Summited Everest Gary Guller United States May 23, 2003 [73]
Double leg amputee Summited Everest Mark Inglis New Zealand May 15, 2006
Right leg amputee Summited Everest Nelson Cardona Colombia May 17, 2010 [74]
With no fingers Summited Everest Kim Hong-Bin South Korea May 16, 2007 [75][76]
Double arm amputee Summited Everest Sudarshan Gautam Nepal Canada May 20, 2013 [77][78]
Female amputee (1 leg) Summited Everest Arunima Sinha India May 21, 2013 [79]
Hemophiliac Summited Everest Chris Bombardier United States May 22, 2017 [80]
Insulin dependent Diabetic Summited Everest Geri Winkler Austria May 20, 2006 [81][82]
Type I Diabetes Summited Everest Will Cross United States May 23, 2006 [83][84][85]
Multiple sclerosis first woman Summited Everest Lori Schneider United States May 23, 2009 [86][87]
Multiple sclerosis first man Summited Everest Niels van Buren Netherlands May 2016 [88]
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and partially blind Summited Everest Cindy Abbott United States May 23, 2010 [89][90]
Crohn's disease and ostomy Summited South Summit of Everest Rob Hill Canada May 25, 2010 [91][92]
Cancer survivor (Hodgkins disease and Askin's sarcoma); 1 lung Summit Sean Swarner United States May 16, 2002 [93][94]
Blind Summited Everest via North Col Andy Holzer Austria May 21, 2017 [95]
First Cancer patient Summited Everest Ian Toothill United Kingdom May 27, 2017 [96]
Other[edit]
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Overflight of summit 8848m David McIntyre and Sir Douglas Douglas-Hamilton United Kingdom 1933-04-03 !April 3, 1933 [97]
Highest of rotorcraft landing and take-off 8848m Didier Delsalle France 2005-05-00 !May, 2005 [98]
Elizabeth Hawley, has kept records for Everest from 1960s to at least 2015.[99]
Marc Kopp was the first disabled person to skydive over Mount Everest, in 2013; he suffers from multiple sclerosis.[100]
Nepali records[edit]
Chhurim summited twice in May 2012, the first woman to summit twice in a season
Many Mount Everest records are held by Nepali, especially those from the Sherpa region who are synonymous with hospitality, hard-work, and brave alpinism.
On 11 May 2011, Apa Sherpa successfully reached the summit of Everest for the twenty-first time, breaking his own record for the most successful ascents.[101] He first climbed Mount Everest in 1989 at the age of 29.[102]
Phurba Tashi Sherpa (also 21 times)
Kami Rita Sherpa (21 times by 2017)
One famous Nepalese female mountaineers was Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, the first Nepali female climber to reach the summit of Everest, but who died during the descent. Another well-known woman Sherpa was the two-time Everest summiter Pemba Doma Sherpa, who died after falling from Lhotse on 22 May 2007.[103]
Nepali mountaineer Lhakpa Sherpa, the first Nepali female climber to reach the summit of Everest and descend from it, has stood atop of Everest 7 times by 2016 and 8 times by 2017, the most times for woman.[104][105]
Another examples of noted Nepali Everest mountaineers:
Temba Tsheri
Nima Chhamzi Sherpa
Nimdoma Sherpa
Ming Kipa
Chhurim
About names: Many Nepalese are only given one name, and are often named for a day of the week
One source of confusion was in record keeping was that the South side was essentially closed in 2014 due to an avalanche disrupting the Khumbu Icefall. So most of the summiters summited from the North side, except for a small a group that flew a helicopter over the Khumbu Icefall, even though it was not open. This is why in 2016 Adrian Ballinger said on Instagram "9 Sherpa using supplemental oxygen became the first to summit on the South Side of Everest in the past 3 years" in 2016.[106] The full Nepal route to the summit was not open in 2014 or in 2015, but there was a group that summited from the south side in 2014 as part of a Chinese team that used a helicopter to reach that area.[106]
Most summits in one day[edit]
For the Mountain overall, the most in one day is May 19, 2012 when 179-234 reached the top.[107][108][109]
Everest base camp records[edit]
Records for non-summits such about the main Nepal-side Base camp:
Record name
Record
Owner
Nation
Date
Ref
Fastest run from Everest Base Camp to Kathmandu 63 hours 8 minutes Sam Finch (Ashleworth) United Kingdom 2013-21-04 !Apr 21, 2013 [citation needed]
Youngest person to trek to Everest Base Camp Age: 4 Virat Sheokand India April 2017
Youngest children to trek to Everest Base Camp Ages: 6 and 8 James and Tobin Aidan O'Donnell United Kingdom August 2016 [110]
Youngest siblings to trek to Everest Base Camp Ages: 6, 8 and 11 James, Tobin and Aidan O'Donnell United Kingdom August 2016 [110]
First person with Down's Syndrome to Everest Base Camp 15 years old Eli Reimer United States 2013 [111]
Youngest Australian to trek to Everest Base Camp 9 years old Oscar Squirrell Australia April 2017
Some Everest-related marathons that start at Base camp or near Everest include the Everest Marathon, Tenzing Hillary Everest Marathon, and the Mount Everest Challenge Marathon.[112]
Death statistics[edit]
Main article: List of Mount Everest death statistics
See also[edit]
Mountains portal
List of Mount Everest expeditions
List of 20th-century summiters of Mount Everest
List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit
List of people who died climbing Mount Everest
2014 Nepal snowstorm disaster
List of ski descents of Eight-Thousanders#Mount Everest
Notes[edit]
1.^a Kazi Sherpa used supplemental oxygen on the descent.[113]
External links[edit]
A History of Mt. Everest Speed Climbing Records/Claims, by Dan Howitt
Collection of Everest records
British Statistics
Deceased
Ascent statistics CBC (goes to 2010)
Adventure stats for age up to 2002
8000ers statistics
MOUNTAINEERING INDIAN RECORDS ACHIEVER'S
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ 8000ers.com. Ascents - Everest (without supplementary oxygen).
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Jump up ^ "espnW -- Melissa Arnot has conquered Mount Everest five times, but American is hailed as hero for playing peacemaker on mountain's slopes". espnW.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d Robert Horn (29 April 1996). "No Mountain Too High For Her : Junko Tabei defied Japanese views of women to become an expert climber". Sports Illustrated.
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^ Jump up to: a b Oldest Woman To Summit Everest Breaks Record A Second Time
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^ Jump up to: a b New/Old Records
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^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140615/nation-current-affairs/article/cm-k-chandrasekhar-rao-announces-reward-malavath-poorna-and
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