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Darkness on the Edge of Town
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For other uses, see Darkness on the Edge of Town (disambiguation).
Darkness on the Edge of Town
Studio album by Bruce Springsteen
Released
June 2, 1978
Recorded
October 12, 1977 – March 19, 1978
Studio
Record Plant Studios in New York
Genre
Hard rock, rock and roll
Length
42:55
Label
Columbia
Producer
Bruce Springsteen, Jon Landau, (Assistance:) Steven Van Zandt
Bruce Springsteen chronology
Born to Run
(1975)Born to Run1975 Darkness on the Edge of Town
(1978) The River
(1980)The River1980
Singles from Darkness on the Edge of Town
"Prove It All Night"
Released: May 23, 1978
"Badlands"
Released: August 1978
"The Promised Land"
Released: October 1978
Darkness on the Edge of Town is the fourth studio album by Bruce Springsteen, released on June 2, 1978. The album marked the end of a three-year gap between albums brought on by contractual obligations and legal battling with former manager Mike Appel.[1] Although the album did not produce high-charting singles it remained on the charts for 97 weeks.[1] A steady seller in Springsteen's catalog, it has been certified triple Platinum by the RIAA.[2]
Reviews for Darkness on the Edge of Town were overwhelmingly positive. Critics notably praised the maturity of the album's themes and lyrics.[3][4] It remains one of Springsteen's most highly regarded records by both fans and critics and several of its songs have become staples of Springsteen's live performances.[5][6]
In September 2010, a documentary film chronicling the making of Darkness was first shown at the Toronto International Film Festival. Quoting Springsteen as saying "More than rich, more than famous, more than happy – I wanted to be great," reviewer Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger commented: "For many fans, that long journey pulled onto the Turnpike here."[7] In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it at No. 151 on their list of the greatest albums of all time.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 Track listing
4 The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story
5 Unreleased outtakes
6 Personnel
7 Charts
7.1 Weekly charts
7.2 Singles
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
Recovering from legal troubles and the stress of the breakthrough success of Born to Run, Springsteen released a somewhat less commercial album in Darkness on the Edge of Town.[8] In terms of the original LP's sequencing, Springsteen continued his "four corners" approach from Born to Run, as the songs beginning each side ("Badlands" and "The Promised Land") were martial rallying cries to overcome circumstances, while the songs ending each side ("Racing in the Street", "Darkness on the Edge of Town") were sad dirges of circumstances overcoming all hope.[8] Unlike Born to Run, the songs were recorded by the full band at once, frequently soon after Springsteen had written them.[8] Steven Van Zandt received a credit for production assistance for helping Springsteen tighten the arrangements from Born to Run's epic sound.[8] He went on tour for this album.
Though the album failed to generate any substantial hit singles ("Prove It All Night" made it into the Top 40 in the U.S. at No. 33 and follow-up "Badlands" just missed, peaking at No. 42), Darkness was critically well-received and claimed the No. 1 slot on NME album of the year.[9] In 2003, the album was ranked No. 151 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[10] The cover shot and inner sleeve photo were taken by photographer Frank Stefanko inside Stefanko's Haddonfield, New Jersey, home.[11] Springsteen says, "When I saw the picture I said, 'That's the guy in the songs.' I wanted the part of me that's still that guy to be on the cover. Frank stripped away all your celebrity and left you with your essence. That's what that record was about."[12] A reissue box set was released in November 2010.[13][14][15] This had initially been planned for 2008 to mark the 30th anniversary of the original album's release but was delayed presumably due to Springsteen's numerous other 2008 projects.[16] By January 2009, Springsteen's manager, Jon Landau, was saying the project was still in the works: "When we can find six weeks to sit down and finish it I'm sure we will."[17] A documentary entitled "The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town" was produced for the box set. The documentary premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in the fall of 2010 and aired on HBO on October 7, 2010.[18]
During the Darkness sessions, Springsteen wrote or recorded many songs that he ended up not using on the album. This was to keep the album's thematic feel intact, even at the expense of not having hits on it.[19] According to Jimmy Iovine, Springsteen wrote at least 70 songs during the sessions and 52 of those songs were recorded with some not fully completed.[20]
Some of the unused material became hits for other artists such as "Because the Night" for Patti Smith; "Fire" for Robert Gordon and The Pointer Sisters; "Rendezvous" for Greg Kihn; "This Little Girl" for Gary U.S. Bonds; and several tracks for Southside Johnny including 3 songs released on the Asbury Jukes album entitled Hearts of Stone.[21] Other songs such as "Independence Day", "Point Blank", "The Ties That Bind", and "Sherry Darling" would turn up on Springsteen's next album, The River, while still others became bootleg classics until surfacing on Springsteen's compilations titled Tracks, 18 Tracks, and The Promise.[21] The album had themes of lost love, depression, and experiential suffering.[22]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [23]
Chicago Tribune [24]
Christgau's Record Guide B+[25]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music [26]
MusicHound Rock 4.5/5[27]
Pitchfork 9.5/10[28]
Q [29]
Rolling Stone [30]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide [31]
The Village Voice A–[32]
In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Dave Marsh viewed Darkness on the Edge of Town as a landmark record in rock and roll because of the clarity of its production, Springsteen's unique guitar playing, and the programming, which he said connected the characters and themes in a subtle yet cohesive manner. Marsh remarked that the subject matter of the songs fulfilled the hype that previously surrounded Springsteen: "What they've always said was that someday Bruce Springsteen would make rock & roll that would shake men's souls and make them question the direction of their lives. That would do, in short, all the marvelous things rock had always promised to do."[33] Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic in The Village Voice. He found Springsteen's narratives versatile and the characters remarkable on "Badlands", "Adam Raised a Cain", and "Promised Land", writing that they showcased "how a limited genre can illuminate a mature, full-bodied philosophical insight". He deemed other songs, particularly "Streets of Fire" and "Something in the Night", more impressionistic and overblown, revealing Springsteen to be either "an important minor artist or a very flawed and inconsistent major one".[32] In the UK, the album was ranked at No. 1 among the "Albums of the Year" for 1978 by NME.[34]
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann said that Springsteen began to fully realize his characters as working class on Darkness on the Edge of Town, whose "hard truths in hard rock settings" made for a less accessible work than Born to Run.[23] Rolling Stone later wrote that the album was the E Street Band's best performance, "colored by the raw sound happening at the time".[30] In 2003, it was ranked at number 151 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[35] According to Acclaimed Music, Darkness on the Edge of Town is the 103rd most frequently ranked record on critics' all-time lists.[36]
Track listing[edit]
All tracks written by Bruce Springsteen.
Side one
No.
Title
Length
1. "Badlands" 4:03
2. "Adam Raised a Cain" 4:32
3. "Something in the Night" 5:11
4. "Candy's Room" 2:51
5. "Racing in the Street" 6:53
Side two
No.
Title
Length
1. "The Promised Land" 4:33
2. "Factory" 2:17
3. "Streets of Fire" 4:09
4. "Prove It All Night" 3:56
5. "Darkness on the Edge of Town" 4:30
The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story[edit]
A box set reissue entitled The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story was released on November 16, 2010.[37] The 6-disc set includes 3 CDs and 3 DVD or Blu-ray discs. This contains a remastered version of the Darkness on the Edge of Town album, a new 2-CD album, The Promise, containing 21 previously unreleased outtakes from the Darkness sessions, a documentary titled The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town, and 2 DVDs of live performances.[38][39] The deluxe box set contains an 80-page spiral-bound reproduction of Springsteen's original notebooks documenting the recording sessions for the album containing alternate lyrics, song ideas, recording details, and personal notes.[40]
The box set was in production for several years and was originally expected to be released for the 30th anniversary in 2008.[40] On August 4, 2010, it was announced that Springsteen was putting the finishing touches to the box set. The documentary received its première on September 14, 2010, at the Toronto International Film Festival.[41][42] The box set won the 2012 Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.[43]
All tracks written by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted.
The Promise additional track listing
Disc one
No.
Title
Length
1. "Racing in the Street" (Alternate lyrics and arrangement) 6:50
2. "Gotta Get That Feeling" 3:19
3. "Outside Looking In" 2:18
4. "Someday (We'll Be Together)" 5:38
5. "One Way Street" 4:20
6. "Because the Night" (writers: Patti Smith, Springsteen) 3:25
7. "Wrong Side of the Street" 3:36
8. "The Brokenhearted" 5:19
9. "Rendezvous" 2:39
10. "Candy's Boy" 4:39
Disc two
No.
Title
Length
1. "Save My Love" 2:38
2. "Ain't Good Enough for You" 4:03
3. "Fire" 4:09
4. "Spanish Eyes" 3:50
5. "It's a Shame" 3:16
6. "Come On (Let's Go Tonight)" (Early version of "Factory") 2:20
7. "Talk to Me" 4:21
8. "The Little Things (My Baby Does)" 3:18
9. "Breakaway" 5:32
10. "The Promise" 5:54
11. "City of Night" 7:07
Unreleased outtakes[edit]
Springsteen wrote and recorded over 40 songs during the Darkness sessions. "Don't Look Back", "Hearts of Stone", "Iceman" and "Give the Girl a Kiss" would eventually see their release on the Tracks box set while 21 other outtakes would be released on The Promise album. Some of the songs recorded during these sessions would end up on his next album The River. However, there remains at least 16 songs that are still locked in the vaults, many of which have never even been released through the many circulating bootlegs.[44]
"Preacher's Daughter"
"I'm Goin' Back"
"Break Out"
"Crazy Rocker"
"Down by the River"
"Don't Say No"
"The Fast Song"
"Castaway"
"Our Love Will Last Forever"
"Cheap Thrills"
"Triangle Song"
"I Got My Eye on You"
"After Dinner"
"King's Big Chance"
"Blue Moon"
"(I Love) Everything About You"
Personnel[edit]
Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, lead guitar, harmonica, producer
The E Street Band
Roy Bittan – piano, backing vocals
Clarence Clemons – saxophone, backing vocals
Danny Federici – organ, glockenspiel
Garry Tallent – bass guitar
Steve Van Zandt – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, production assistance
Max Weinberg – drums
Technical
Jon Landau – producer
Jimmy Iovine – engineer, mixing
Thom Panunzio – assistant engineer
Chuck Plotkin – mixing
Mike Reese – mastering
Frank Stefanko – photography
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Year
Chart
Position
1978 U.S. Billboard Pop Albums[45] 5
1985 U.S. Billboard 200[46] 167
2010 U.S. Billboard 200 16
Singles[edit]
Year
Single
Chart
Position
1978 "Prove It All Night" U.S. Billboard Pop Singles[47] 33
1978 "Badlands" U.S. Billboard Pop Singles[47] 42
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Clarke, Donald. "Bruce Springsteen". Donald's Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – February 20, 2014". RIAA. Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ Dave Marsh (1978-07-27). "Darkness on the Edge of Town | Album Reviews". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Album: Bruce Springsteen: Darkness on the Edge of Town". Robert Christgau. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ Mendelsohn, Jason. "Counterbalance No. 112: Bruce Springsteen's 'Darkness on the Edge of Town'". PopMatters. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ Bowling, David (2008-11-05). "Music Review: Bruce Springsteen – Darkness On The Edge Of Town". Blogcritics. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ Whitty, Stephen (September 13, 2010). "Toronto Film Festival Day Four: Bruce Springsteen's 'Promise'". Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fricke, David (January 21, 2009). "The Band on Bruce: Their Springsteen". rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Albums and Tracks of the Year for 1978". Nme.Com. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ Levy, Joe; Steven Van Zandt (2006) [2005]. "151 | Darkness on the Edge of Town – Bruce Springsteen". Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (3rd ed.). London: Turnaround. ISBN 1-932958-61-4. OCLC 70672814. Retrieved 16 April 2006.
Jump up ^ Varga, George (June 12, 2005). "'Frank Stefanko' an Exhibit that the Boss is sure to like". UNION-TRIBUNE Pop Music Critic. The San Diego Union-Tribune, LLC. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bruce Springsteen Credits 'Darkness' Photographer For Capturing Album's Spirit". KSHE 95. 2010-09-30. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
Jump up ^ "Springsteen News". Backstreets.com. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ Andy Greene (2010-06-29). "Darkness' Reissue To Include Unheard Springsteen Tunes | Music News". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Consequence of Sound". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Springsteen News Archive Jan 2009". Backstreets.com. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Information Not Found". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jump up ^ Zimny, Thom (2009). "The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town". tiff.com. Thrill Hill Productions. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Darkness on the Edge of Town". Stoneponylondon.net. 1978-06-02. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Read Jimmy Iovine's USC Commencement Speech (Video)". Hollywoodreporter.com. 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Thom Jurek (2010-11-16). "The Promise – Bruce Springsteen | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Themes from Darkness on the Edge of Town". Retrieved 13 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ruhlmann, William. Darkness on the Edge of Town at AllMusic. Retrieved 8 July 2004.
Jump up ^ Kot, Greg (August 23, 1992). "The Recorded History of Springsteen". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Christgau, Robert (1981). Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the '70s. Da Capo Press. p. 366. ISBN 0306804093. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Bruce Springsteen". Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 0857125958.
Jump up ^ Graff, Gary (1996). "Bruce Springsteen". In Graff, Gary. MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 0787610372.
Jump up ^ Pitchfork Media review
Jump up ^ Williams, Richard (December 1989). "All or Nothing: The Springsteen back catalogue". Q. p. 149.
^ Jump up to: a b Rolling Stone. New York: 68. March 20, 2003. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link)
Jump up ^ Sheffield, Rob (2004). "Bruce Springsteen". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. London: Fireside. pp. 771–773. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. |access-date= requires |url= (help) Portions posted at "Bruce Springsteen > Album Guide". rollingstone.com. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Christgau, Robert (June 26, 1978). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Marsh, Dave (July 27, 1978). "Darkness on the Edge of Town". Rolling Stone. New York. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Albums and Tracks of the Year". NME. 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone. New York: 131. December 11, 2003. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link)
Jump up ^ "Darkness on the Edge of Town". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ brucespringsteen.net Darkness Box News Archived January 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Columbia Records to release Bruce Springsteen's 'The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story' Nov. 16". www.brucespringsteen.net. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
Jump up ^ "Springsteen Announces Massive 'Darkness' Set". Rolling Stone. 2010-08-26. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bruce Springsteen to Release Darkness on the Edge of Town CD/DVD Box Set | News". Pitchfork. 2010-08-26. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Springsteen Debuts 'Darkness' Documentary". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Roger (September 15, 2010). "Springsteen's Big Night in Toronto Has Lots of "Promise"". Showbiz 411. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Haines, Anne (2011-12-01). "Another Grammy nomination for Springsteen | Blogness on the Edge of Town Massachusetts". Blogs.wickedlocal.com. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ Brucebase - Darkness On The Edge Of Town - Studio Sessions
Jump up ^ "Tracklisting the Single-Album Version of Bruce Springsteen's The River/The Ties That Bind That Could've, Should've Been". Vulture. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (16 March 1985). "Billboard". Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bruce Springsteen - Chart history | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
External links[edit]
Album lyrics and audio samples
Release history at Discogs
HitParade: Album Charting
Darkness on the Edge of Town at About.com
The Light in Darkness: Limited edition book collecting stories and photos from hundreds of fans. The Light in Darkness celebrates this classic record
The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
Bruce Springsteen
Garry Tallent
Roy Bittan
Max Weinberg
Steven Van Zandt
Nils Lofgren
Patti Scialfa
Jake Clemons
Charles Giordano
Soozie Tyrell
Former members
Ernest Carter
Clarence Clemons
Danny Federici
Vini Lopez
David Sancious
Former touring musicians
Everett Bradley
Barry Danielian
Clark Gayton
Curtis King
Suki Lahav
Ed Manion
The Miami Horns
Cindy Mizelle
Michelle Moore
Tom Morello
Curt Ramm
Jay Weinberg
Studio albums
Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. (1973)
The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle (1973)
Born to Run (1975)
Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978)
The River (1980)
Nebraska (1982)
Born in the U.S.A. (1984)
Tunnel of Love (1987)
Human Touch (1992)
Lucky Town (1992)
The Ghost of Tom Joad (1995)
The Rising (2002)
Devils & Dust (2005)
We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (2006)
Magic (2007)
Working on a Dream (2009)
Wrecking Ball (2012)
High Hopes (2014)
Live albums & Bruce Springsteen Archives
Live 1975–85 (1986)
In Concert/MTV Plugged (1993)
Live in New York City (2001)
Hammersmith Odeon London '75 (2006)
Live in Dublin (2007)
Live from the Carousel (2011)
Apollo Theater 3/09/12 (2014)
The Agora, Cleveland 1978 (2015)
Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975 (2015)
Nassau Coliseum, New York 1980 (2015)
Brendan Byrne Arena, New Jersey 1984 (2015)
LA Sports Arena, California 1988 (2015)
Schottenstein Center, Ohio 2005 (2015)
Ippodromo delle Capannelle, Rome 2013 (2015)
Arizona State University, Tempe 1980 (2015)
The Christic Shows 1990 (2016)
HSBC Arena, Buffalo, NY, 11/22/09 (2016)
Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08 (2017)
Olympiastadion, Helsinki, July 31, 2012 (2017)
Wachovia Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA 10/20/09 (2017)
Palace Theatre, Albany 1977 (2017)
Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977 (2017)
King's Hall, Belfast March 19, 1996 (2017)
The Summit, Houston, TX December 8, 1978 (2017)
Compilations
Greatest Hits (1995)
18 Tracks (1999)
The Essential Bruce Springsteen (2003)
Greatest Hits (2009)
The Promise (2010)
Collection: 1973–2012 (2013)
Chapter and Verse (2016)
Box sets
The Born in the U.S.A. 12" Single Collection (1985)
Tracks (1998)
The Collection (2004)
Born to Run: 30th Anniversary Edition (2005)
The Collection 1973–1984 (2010)
The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story (2010)
The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984 (2014)
The Ties That Bind: The River Collection (2015)
EPs
Live Collection (1987)
Chimes of Freedom (1988)
Blood Brothers (1996)
PBS Exclusive (2007)
Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
American Beauty (2014)
Singles
"Blinded by the Light" (1973)
"Spirit in the Night" (1973)
"4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" (1974)
"Born to Run" (1975)
"Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (1976)
"Prove It All Night" (1978)
"Badlands" (1978)
"The Promised Land" (1978)
"Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" (1979)
"Hungry Heart" (1980)
"Fade Away" (1981)
"Sherry Darling" (1981)
"The River" (1981)
"Cadillac Ranch" (1981)
"Point Blank" (1981)
"Atlantic City" (1982)
"Open All Night" (1982)
"Dancing in the Dark" (1984)
"Cover Me" (1984)
"Born in the U.S.A." (1984)
"I'm on Fire" (1985)
"Glory Days" (1985)
"I'm Goin' Down" (1985)
"My Hometown" (1985)
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (1985)
"War" (1986)
"Fire" (1987)
"Brilliant Disguise" (1987)
"Tunnel of Love" (1987)
"One Step Up" (1988)
"Tougher Than the Rest" (1988)
"Spare Parts" (1988)
"Human Touch" (1992)
"57 Channels (And Nothin' On)" (1992)
"Better Days" (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" (1994)
"Secret Garden" (1995)
"The Ghost of Tom Joad" (1996)
"Sad Eyes" (1999)
"The Rising" (2002)
"Lonesome Day" (2002)
"Waitin' on a Sunny Day" (2003)
"Devils & Dust" (2005)
"All The Way Home" (2005)
"Radio Nowhere" (2007)
"Girls in Their Summer Clothes" (2008)
"Working on a Dream" (2008)
"My Lucky Day" (2008)
"The Wrestler" (2009)
"We Take Care of Our Own" (2012)
"Death to My Hometown" (2012)
"High Hopes" (2013)
"Just Like Fire Would" (2014)
Charting songs
"Be True" (1981)
"Ramrod" (1981)
"Nebraska" (1982)
"Johnny 99" (1982)
"No Surrender" (1984)
"Stand on It" (1985)
"Trapped" (live) (1985)
"Because the Night" (live) (1986)
"Chimes of Freedom" (live) (1988)
"Youngstown" (1995)
"American Skin (41 Shots)" (2001)
"Pay Me My Money Down" (2006)
"Long Walk Home" (2006)
"My City of Ruins" (2011)
"Rocky Ground" (2012)
Other notable songs
"Growin' Up" (1973)
"For You" (1973)
"Incident on 57th Street" (1973)
"The Fever" (1973)
"Thunder Road" (1975)
"Night" (1975)
"Backstreets" (1975)
"She's the One" (1975)
"Meeting Across the River" (1975)
"Jungleland" (1975)
"Adam Raised a Cain" (1978)
"Racing in the Street" (1978)
"Darkness on the Edge of Town" (1978)
"Stay" (1979)
"The Ties That Bind" (1980)
"Independence Day" (1980)
"Out in the Street" (1980)
"Stolen Car" (1980)
"Wreck on the Highway" (1980)
"Highway Patrolman" (1982)
"Darlington County" (1984)
"Working on the Highway" (1984)
"Downbound Train" (1984)
"Bobby Jean" (1984)
"Pink Cadillac" (1984)
"Jersey Girl" (1986)
"Light of Day" (1993)
"The New Timer" (1995)
"Land of Hope and Dreams" (2012)
"Hunter of Invisible Game" (2014)
Video releases
Video Anthology / 1978–88 (1989)
In Concert/MTV Plugged (1992)
Blood Brothers (1996)
The Complete Video Anthology / 1978–2000 (2001)
Live in New York City (2001)
Live in Barcelona (2003)
VH1 Storytellers (2005)
Wings For Wheels (2005)
Hammersmith Odeon London '75 (2005)
Live in Dublin (2007)
Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
London Calling: Live in Hyde Park (2010)
The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town (2010)
Springsteen & I (2013)
Born in the U.S.A. Live: London 2013 (2014)
A MusiCares Tribute to Bruce Springsteen (2014)
Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes (2014)
High Hopes in South Africa (2014)
Hunter of Invisible Game (2014)
Tours
Born to Run tours (1974–77)
Darkness Tour (1978)
The River Tour (1980–81)
Born in the U.S.A. Tour (1984–85)
Tunnel of Love Express (1988)
Human Rights Now! (1988)
Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour (1992–93)
Ghost of Tom Joad Tour (1995–97)
Reunion Tour (1999–2000)
Rising Tour (2002–03)
Vote for Change (2004)
Devils & Dust Tour (2005)
Seeger Sessions Band Tour (2006)
Magic Tour (2007–08)
Working on a Dream Tour (2009)
Wrecking Ball Tour (2012-13)
High Hopes Tour (2014)
The River Tour 2016 (2016)
Summer '17 (2017)
Springsteen on Broadway (2017-18)
Related
Discography
E Street Band
Steel Mill
The Sessions Band
The Miami Horns
Born to Run autobiography
E Street Radio
Little Steven's Underground Garage
Outlaw Pete
Mike Appel
Jon Landau
Brendan O'Brien
Bob Clearmountain
The Max Weinberg 7
Southside Johnny
Joe Grushecky
Badlands: A Tribute to Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska
Greetings from E Street
Book
Category
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Galloway
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Galloway (disambiguation).
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Galloway (red) shown in Scotland (pink) shown in the United Kingdom (light grey).
Galloway (Scottish Gaelic: Gall-Ghàidhealaibh, Latin: Gallovidia)[1] is a region in southwestern Scotland comprising the historic counties of Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire.
A native or inhabitant of Galloway is called a Gallovidian[2][3] or a Galwegian.[4] The place name Galloway is derived from the Gaelic i nGall Gaidhealaib ("amongst the Gall Gaidheil").[5] The Gall Gaidheil, literally meaning "Stranger-Gaidheil", originally referred to a population of mixed Scandinavian and Gaelic ethnicity that inhabited Galloway in the Middle Ages.
Galloway is bounded by sea to the west and south, the Galloway Hills to the north, and the River Nith to the east; the border between Kirkcudbright and Wigtown shires is marked by the River Cree. The definition has, however, fluctuated greatly in size over history.
A hardy breed of black, hornless cattle named Galloway cattle is native to the region, in addition to the more distinctive 'Belted Galloway' or 'Beltie'.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography and landforms
2 Land use
3 History
3.1 Galloway landmarks on Ptolemy's map
3.2 Early Galloway
3.3 Middle Ages
3.4 Modern history
4 Galloway in literature
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Geography and landforms[edit]
Topographic map of southwestern Scotland
The main rivers and several towns
Galloway comprises that part of Scotland southwards from the Southern Upland watershed and westward from the River Nith. Traditionally it has been described as stretching from "the braes of Glenapp to the Nith".[6] The valleys of three rivers, the Urr Water, the Water of Ken and River Dee, and the Cree, all running north-south, provide much of the good arable land, although there is also some arable land on the coast. Generally however the landscape is rugged and much of the soil is shallow. The generally south slope and southern coast make for mild and wet climate, and there is a great deal of good pasture.
The northern part of Galloway is exceedingly rugged and forms the largest remaining wilderness in Britain south of the Highlands. This area is known as the Galloway Hills.
Land use[edit]
Historically Galloway has been famous both for horses and for cattle rearing, and milk and beef production are both still major industries. There is also substantial timber production and some fisheries. The combination of hills and high rainfall make Galloway ideal for hydroelectric power production, and the Galloway Hydro Power scheme was begun in 1929. Since then, electricity generation has been a significant industry. More recently wind turbines have been installed at a number of locations on the watershed, and a large offshore wind-power plant is planned, increasing Galloway's 'green energy' production.
History[edit]
Galloway landmarks on Ptolemy's map[edit]
Landmarks according to Ptolemy.
Galloway: modern names of landmarks on Ptolemy's map.
The 2nd century geographer Ptolemy produced a map of Britain in his Geography, in which he describes the landmarks and peoples of the island. The landmarks were identified long ago, and a number of them relate to Galloway:[7]
In the west, the city of Rerigonium (literally 'very royal place'), shown on Ptolemy's map of the world, is a strong contender for the site of Pen Rhionydd, referred to in the Welsh Triads as one of the 'three thrones of Britain' associated with the legendary King Arthur, and may also have been the caput of the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdom of Rheged. Rerigonium's exact position is uncertain except that it was 'on Loch Ryan', close to modern day Stranraer; it is possible that it is the modern settlement of Dunragit (Dun Rheged).
Early Galloway[edit]
Torhousekie Stone Circle dating from 2nd millennium BC, is one of the best preserved sites in Britain. It is approx. 60ft in diameter. photo by Ronnie Leask
Cairnholy chambered cairn.
The earliest inhabitants were Brythonic Celts, recorded by the Romans as the Novantae tribe. According to tradition, before the end of Roman rule in Britain, St. Ninian established a church or monastery at Whithorn, Wigtownshire, which remained an important place of pilgrimage until the Reformation. The county is rich in prehistoric monuments and relics, amongst the most notable of which are the Drumtroddan Standing Stones (and cup-and-ring carvings), the Torhousekie Stone Circle, both in Wigtownshire and Cairnholy (a Neolithic Chambered Cairn). There is also evidence of one of the earliest pit-fall traps in Europe which was discovered near Glenluce, Wigtownshire.
Middle Ages[edit]
11th century
A Brythonic speaking kingdom dominated Galloway until the region until the late 7th century when it was taken over by the English kingdom of Bernicia.
English dominance was supplanted by Norse-Gaelic (Gall-Ghàidheal) peoples between the 9th and the 11th century. This can be seen in the context of widespread Norse domination of the Irish Sea, including extensive settlement in the Isle of Man and in the now English region of Cumbria immediately south of Galloway.
If it had not been for Fergus of Galloway who established himself in Galloway, the region would rapidly have been absorbed by Scotland. This did not happen because Fergus, his sons, grandsons and great-grandson Alan, Lord of Galloway, shifted their allegiance between Scottish and English kings. During a period of Scottish allegiance a Galloway contingent followed David, King of Scots in his invasion of England and led the attack in his defeat at the Battle of the Standard (1138).
Alan died in 1234. He had three daughters and an illegitimate son Thomas. The 'Community of Galloway' wanted Thomas as their 'king'. Alexander III of Scotland supported the daughters (or rather their husbands) and invaded Galloway. The Community of Galloway was defeated, and Galloway divided up between Alan's daughters, thus bringing Galloway's independent existence to an end.
Alan's eldest daughter, Derbhorgail (Latinized as Dervorguilla), married John de Balliol, and their son (also John) became one of the candidates for the Scottish Crown. Consequently, Scotland's Wars of Independence were disproportionately fought in Galloway.
There were a large number of new Gaelic placenames being coined post 1320 (e.g. Balmaclellan), because Galloway retained a substantial Gaelic speaking population for several centuries more. Following the Wars of Independence, Galloway became the fief of Archibald the Grim, Earl of Douglas and his heirs. Whithorn remained an important cultural centre, and all the medieval Kings of Scots made pilgrimages there.
Modern history[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)
Galwegian Gaelic seems to have lasted longer than Gaelic in other parts of Lowland Scotland, and Margaret McMurray (d. 1760) of Carrick (outside modern Galloway) appears to have been the last recorded speaker.
In the years after the Union of the Crowns in 1603, Galloway underwent radical change, during the War of the Three Kingdoms and Covenanter rebellion.
In modern times, Stranraer was a major ferry port, but the company have now moved to Cairnryan.
Galloway in literature[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)
Galloway has been the setting of a number of novels, including Walter Scott's Guy Mannering. Other novels include the historical fiction trilogy by Liz Curtis Higgs, Thorn in My Heart, Fair is the Rose, and Whence Came a Prince. Richard Hannay flees London to lie low in Galloway in John Buchan's novel The Thirty-nine Steps. Five Red Herrings, a whodunit by Dorothy L. Sayers, initially published in the US as Suspicious Characters, sees Lord Peter Wimsey, on holiday in Kirkcudbright, investigating the death of an artist living at Gatehouse of Fleet; the book contains some remarkable descriptions of the countryside. S R Crockett, a bestselling writer of historical romances active before the First World War, set several novels in the region including "The Raiders" and "Silver Sand".
See also[edit]
Galloway pony
Notes[edit]
Brooke, D: Wild Men and Holy Places: Canongate Press, Edinburgh, 1994: ISBN 0-86241-479-2
Oram, Richard, The Lordship of Galloway
Ptolemy (c. 140), Thayer, Bill, ed., Geographia, LacusCurtius website at the University of Chicago (published 2008), retrieved 26 April 2008 Check date values in: |date= (help)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andy Eagle (2003-02-27). "The Online Scots Dictionary". Scots-online.org. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Gallovidian". Dictionary.com. n.d. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gallovidian, adj. and n.". OED Online. n.d. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Galwegian". Dictionary.com. n.d. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Jennings, AP (2001). "Galloway, Origins of". In Lynch, M. The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–58. ISBN 0-19-211696-7. .
Jump up ^ "Those green hills that are the haunt of angels". The Herald. 13 May 1995.
Jump up ^ Ptolemy & c. 140 Ptolemy, Bk. II, Ch. 2. Trans. Albion island of Britannia - First Map of Europe
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Galloway.
Galloway Dialect at Scots Language Centre
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Coordinates: 55°03′N 4°08′W / 55.050°N 4.133°W / 55.050; -4.133
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https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Catalan
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ca
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https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Welsh
cy
cy
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https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Danish
da
da
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values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Spanish
es
es
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values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – French
fr
fr
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values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Italian
it
it
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https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Norwegian
no
no
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values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Polish
pl
pl
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values: Галлоуэй – Russian

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallowa
Gallowa – Scots
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sco
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values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Serbo-Croatian
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sh
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https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway
Galloway – Swedish
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sv
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