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Fort St. George, India
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For other uses, see Fort St George (disambiguation).
Fort St George
செயின்ட் ஜார்ஜ் கோட்டை
Part of Tamil Nadu
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Fort St George, the seat of Government of Tamil Nadu
Fort St George
Coordinates
13°04′47″N 80°17′13″E / 13.079722°N 80.286944°E / 13.079722; 80.286944
Type
Forts
Site information
Controlled by
Government of Tamil Nadu
Condition
Good
Site history
Built
1644; 373 years ago (1644)
Built by
British East India Company
Garrison information
Occupants
Tamil Nadu legislative assembly–Secretariat
Plan of Fort St George made during the French occupation of 1746-1749
An 18th-century sketch of the fort
Corner of Fort St George with cathedral, ca 1905
Fort St George (or historically, White Town[1]) (Tamil: செயின்ட் ஜார்ஜ் கோட்டை) is the name of the first English (later British) fortress in India, founded in 1644[2] at the coastal city of Madras, the modern city of Chennai. The construction of the fort provided the impetus for further settlements and trading activity, in what was originally an uninhabited land.[3] Thus, it is a feasible contention to say that the city evolved around the fortress.[4] The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings. The fort is one of the 163 notified areas (megalithic sites) in the state of Tamil Nadu.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 The church
1.2 Museum
1.3 Wellesley House
1.4 Flag staff
2 Namakkal Kavingyar Maaligai
2.1 In recent years
3 Other monuments
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Fort St George in 1858
In the Fort, Madras (MacLeod, p 124, 1871)[6]
The East India Company (EIC), which had entered India around 1600 for trading activities, had begun licensed trading at Surat, which was its initial bastion. However, to secure its trade lines and commercial interests in the spice trade, it felt the necessity of a port closer to the Malaccan Straits, and succeeded in purchasing a piece of coastal land, originally called Chennirayarpattinam or Channapatnam, from a Vijayanagar chieftain named Damerla Chennappa Nayaka based in Chandragiri, where the Company began the construction of a harbour and a fort. The fort was completed on 23 April 1644 at a cost of £3000,[7] coinciding with St George's Day, celebrated in honour of the patron saint of England. The fort, hence christened Fort St George, faced the sea and some fishing villages, and it soon became the hub of merchant activity. It gave birth to a new settlement area called George Town (historically referred to as Black Town), which grew to envelop the villages and led to the formation of the city of Madras. It also helped to establish English influence over the Carnatic and to keep the kings of Arcot and Srirangapatna, as well as the French forces based at Pondichéry, at bay. In 1665, after the EIC received word of the formation of the new French East India Company, the fort was strengthened and enlarged while its garrison was increased.[8]
According to the 17th century traveller Thomas Bowrey, Fort St. George was:
"without all dispute a beneficiall place to the Honourable English India Company, and with all the Residence of theire Honourable Agent and Governour all of their Affaires Upon this Coast and the Coast of Gingalee, the Kingdoms also of Orixa, (Orissa) Bengala (Bengal), and Pattana (Patna), the said Governour and his Councell here resideigne, for the Honour of our English Nation keepinge and maintainneinge the place in great Splendour, Civil and good Government, Entertaineinge nobly all Foraign Embassadors, and provideinge great quantities of Muzlinge (Muslin) Callicoes (Calico) &c. to be yearly transported to England."[9]
The Fort is a stronghold with 6 metres (20 ft) high walls that withstood a number of assaults in the 18th century. It briefly passed into the possession of the French from 1746 to 1749, but was restored to Great Britain under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of the Austrian Succession.
The Fort now serves as one of the administrative headquarters for the legislative assembly of Tamil Nadu state and it still houses a garrison of troops in transit to various locations at South India and the Andamans. The Fort Museum contains many relics of the Raj era, including portraits of many of the Governors of Madras. The fort is maintained and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India as a ticketed monument.[10][11]
The church[edit]
St Mary's Church is the oldest Anglican church in India. It was built between 1678 and 1680 on the orders of the then Agent of Madras Streynsham Master.[12] The tombstones in its graveyard are the oldest English or British tombstones in India. This ancient prayer house solemnised the marriages of Robert Clive and Governor Elihu Yale, who later became the first benefactor of Yale University in the United States.
Museum[edit]
Victoria memorial hall
Flag post at Fort St George
The Fort Museum exhibits many items of the period of English and later British rule. This building was completed in 1795 and first housed the office of the Madras Bank. The hall upstairs was the Public Exchange Hall and served as a place for public meetings, lottery draws and occasional entertainment. These relics are reminders of British rule in India. The objects on display in the museum are the weapons, coins, medals, uniforms and other artefacts from England, Scotland, France and India dating back to the colonial period. Original letters written by Clive and Cornwallis make fascinating reading. One set of quaint period uniforms is displayed for viewing, as well. However, the piece de resistance is a large statue of Lord Cornwallis.
The National Flag of India was designed by Pingali Venkayya and adopted in its present form during the meeting of Constituent Assembly held on the 22 July 1947, a few days before India's independence from the British on 15 August 1947. The first ever flown flag after the independence is stored in 3rd floor of the museum. Public are allowed to see but not to touch or take photographs.
The museum is mentioned in the novel The Museum of Innocence, by Nobel-laureate Orhan Pamuk.
Wellesley House[edit]
The first floor of the building includes the Banqueting Hall, which holds paintings of the Governor of the Fort and other high officials of the Regime. The canons of Tipu Sultan decorate the ramparts of the museum. The 14.5 ft statue stands at the entrance near a stairway in the museum. This statue was created by Charles Bank in England to be brought to India. The pedestal of the statue is carved with a scene depicting Tipu Sultan's emissary handing over Tipu's two sons as hostage in lieu of a ransom he was unable to pay to the British. It takes its name from Richard Wellesley, Governor General of India, and brother of the Duke of Wellington.
Flag staff[edit]
The flag staff at the fort is one of the tallest in the country. Made of teakwood, it is 150 feet (46 m) high.[13]
Namakkal Kavingyar Maaligai[edit]
Main article: Namakkal Kavingyar Maaligai
Namakkal Kavingyar Maaligai is a 10-storeyed building at the campus and is the power centre of state secretariat. It houses offices of the secretaries and departments. Between 2012 and 2014, the building was renovated at a cost of ₹ 28 crore, with additional facilities like centralised air-conditioning and new electrical wiring system.[14]
In recent years[edit]
The entire complex is administered by the Department of Defence. The fort building is a three-storeyed one housing the offices of the chief minister and other ministers, the chief secretary, home ministry, treasury, etc. The remaining offices are housed in the 10-storeyed Namakkal Kavingyar Maaligai, which houses more than 30 departments.[15]
Fort St George complex housed the administrative buildings of the Government of Tamil Nadu till March 2010. The Legislature of Tamil Nadu and the secretariat (with headquarters of various government departments) was situated in the fort. The fort itself was open to the public however only to a certain area. The main building or the secretariat was open only to government officials and the police. The cannons and the moat which guarded this old building have been left untouched. In 2010 the legislature and the secretariat moved to a new location and the old assembly complex was converted into a library for the Central Institute of Classical Tamil.[16] Following the 2011 assembly elections and the return of J Jayalalithaa as the Chief Minister of the State, the Tamil Nadu Assembly and the Secretariat have been restored to Fort St George.[17]
Other monuments[edit]
An arch commemorating the diamond jubilee of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is under construction near the Fort on Rajaji Salai close to Napier Bridge. The structure is a replica of Fort St George's façade. The arch will be rectangular in structure with a height of 41 ft and 80 m width being built at a cost of ₹ 1.33 crore. The structure will be a mix of old and modern architecture, inspired by the frontage of Fort St George. The legend 'Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly diamond jubilee commemorative arch' would be inscribed in English and Tamil, in addition to the words '60 years'. The chief minister J Jayalalithaa laid the foundation stone for the arch on 30 October 2012. Earlier, the arch was planned to be constructed close to the entrance of Fort St George, but was later relocated beyond the prohibitive zone following the objections of archaeologists. A public interest litigation (PIL) was filed in the Madras High Court opposing the move stating that the arch would choke Rajaji Salai that leads to the High Court. However, the petition was dismissed by a division bench on 9 January 2013.[18]
See also[edit]
Chennai portal
Timeline of Chennai history#17th century
History of Chennai
Tamil Nadu legislative assembly-secretariat complex
List of Tamil Nadu Government Estates, Complexes, Buildings and Structures
Heritage structures in Chennai
References[edit]
Jump up ^ James Talboys Wheeler (1881). The History of India from the Earliest Ages. N. Trübner. pp. 489–.
Jump up ^ Roberts, J: "History of the World" (Penguin, 1994)
Jump up ^ Muthiah, S (12 August 2002). "A centenary's links with Chennai". The Hindu. Archived from the original on October 28, 2003. Retrieved September 6, 2002.
Jump up ^ http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/fort-st-george.html
Jump up ^ Madhavan (20 December 2012). "National Institute of Siddha modifies expansion plan". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 23 Dec 2012.
Jump up ^ MacLeod, Norman (1871). Peeps at the Far East: A Familiar Account of a Visit to India. London: Strahan & Co. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Keay, John (1991). The Honourable Company A History Of The English East India Company (1993 ed.). Geat Britain: HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-00-743155-7.
Jump up ^ Talboys Wheeler, James (1861). Madras in the Olden Time. 1. Madras: J. Higginbotham. p. 72.
Jump up ^ Bowrey, Thomas (1895). Temple, Richard Carnac, ed. A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal, 1669 to 1679. p. 4.
Jump up ^ "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Tamil Nadu". Archaeological Survey of India. 2011. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
Jump up ^ "List of ticketed monuments - Tamil Nadu". Archaeological Survey of India. 2011. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
Jump up ^ Talboys Wheeler, James (1861). Madras in the Olden Time. 1. Madras: J. Higginbotham. p. 104.
Jump up ^ "Fort St. George, Chennai". Maps of India. Retrieved 12 Jan 2013.
Jump up ^ Mariappan, Julie (10 July 2014). "Jayalalithaa opens renovated exterior of Namakkal Kavignar Maligai". The Times of India. Chennai: The Times Group. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்ட நாமக்கல் கவிஞர் மாளிகை: ஜெயலலிதா நாளை திறந்து வைக்கிறார்". Malai Malar (in Tamil). Chennai: Malai Malar. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Old Assembly Chamber to turn reference library". The Hindu. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "New secretariat in Chennai to be converted into hospital".
Jump up ^ Sasidharan, S. (19 February 2013). "Work begins on Assembly arch". The Deccan Chronicle. Chennai: The Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 22 Feb 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fort St. George.
Paintings of Fort St George
The University of Houston Digital Library has a collection of historical photographs from the magazine, India Illustrated. View this collection at the University of Houston Digital Libraries
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FIFA World Cup awards
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 August 2018.
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the men's senior tournament. For the women's tournament, see FIFA Women's World Cup awards.
At the end of each FIFA World Cup final tournament, several awards are presented to the players and teams which have distinguished themselves in various aspects of the game.
Contents
1 Awards
2 Golden Ball
3 Golden Boot
4 Golden Glove
5 Best Young Player Award
6 FIFA Fair Play Trophy
7 Man of the Match
8 Most Entertaining Team
9 All-Star Team
10 Goal of the Tournament
11 References
12 External links
Awards[edit]
There are currently five post-tournament awards, and one given during the tournament:[1]
the Golden Ball (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Ball") for best player, first awarded in 1982;
the Golden Boot (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Boot", previously known as the "adidas Golden Shoe" from 1982 to 2006) for top goal scorer, first awarded in 1982;
the Golden Glove Award (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Glove"; previously known as the "Lev Yashin Award" from 1994 to 2006) for best goalkeeper, first awarded in 1994;
the Best Young Player (currently commercially termed as "Hyundai Best Young Player") award for best player under 21 years of age at the start of the calendar year, first awarded in 2006;
the FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team that advanced to the second round with the best record of fair play, first awarded in 1970;
the Man of the Match Award (currently commercially termed as "Budweiser Man of the Match") for outstanding performance during each game of the tournament, first awarded in 2002.
Two other awards were given between 1994 and 2006:[2]
The Most Entertaining Team award for the team that has entertained the public the most, during the World Cup final tournament, as determined by a poll of the general public;
An All-Star Team comprising the best players of the tournament chosen by the technical study group.
Golden Ball[edit]
The Golden Ball award is presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals, with a shortlist drawn up by the FIFA technical committee and the winner voted for by representatives of the media. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the Silver Ball and Bronze Ball awards as the second and third most outstanding players in the tournament respectively. The current award was introduced in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, sponsored by Adidas and France Football, though fifa.com also lists in their player articles as "golden ball winners" Kempes, Cruyff, Pelé, Bobby Charlton, Garrincha and Didi for 1978, 1974, 1970, 1966, 1962 and 1958 respectively.[3] Barcelona is the only club whose players have won the Golden Ball a record 3 times (Johan Cruyff in 1974, Romário in 1994, Lionel Messi in 2014).[4]
Golden Ball[5]
World Cup
Golden Ball
Silver Ball
Bronze Ball
1930 Uruguay José Nasazzi Guillermo Stábile José Leandro Andrade
1934 Italy Giuseppe Meazza Matthias Sindelar Oldřich Nejedlý
1938 France Leônidas Silvio Piola György Sárosi
1950 Brazil Zizinho Juan Alberto Schiaffino Ademir
1954 Switzerland Ferenc Puskás Sándor Kocsis Fritz Walter
1958 Sweden Didi Pelé Just Fontaine
1962 Chile Garrincha Josef Masopust Leonel Sánchez
1966 England Bobby Charlton Bobby Moore Eusébio
1970 Mexico Pelé Gérson Gerd Müller
1974 West Germany Johan Cruyff Franz Beckenbauer Kazimierz Deyna
1978 Argentina Mario Kempes Paolo Rossi Dirceu
1982 Spain Paolo Rossi Falcão Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1986 Mexico Diego Maradona Harald Schumacher Preben Elkjær Larsen
1990 Italy Salvatore Schillaci Lothar Matthäus Diego Maradona
1994 United States Romario Roberto Baggio Hristo Stoichkov
1998 France Ronaldo Davor Šuker Lilian Thuram
2002 Korea/Japan Oliver Kahn Ronaldo Hong Myung-bo
2006 Germany Zinedine Zidane Fabio Cannavaro Andrea Pirlo
2010 South Africa Diego Forlán Wesley Sneijder David Villa
2014 Brazil Lionel Messi Thomas Müller Arjen Robben
2018 Russia Luka Modrić Eden Hazard Antoine Griezmann
Golden Boot[edit]
The Golden Boot or Golden Shoe Award goes to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup. While every World Cup had a ranking of the goalscorers, the first time an award was given was in 1982,[6] under the name Golden Shoe.[3] It was rechristened Golden Boot in 2010.[7] FIFA sometimes lists the top goalscorers of previous Cups among the Golden Boot winners.[8]
If there is more than one player with the same number of goals, since 1994 the tie-breaker goes to the player without a penalty goal, if none has a penalty then the tie breaker goes to the person with more assists - with the FIFA Technical Study Group deciding whether an assist is to be counted as such.[9][10] If there is still more than one player, the tie-breaker since 2006 goes to the player who has played the least amount of time, which translates to a higher goal average.[11]
Top Goalscorer[12][13]
World Cup
Top goalscorer
Goals
Runners-up
Goals
Third place
Goals
1930 Uruguay Guillermo Stábile 8 Pedro Cea 5 Bert Patenaude 4
1934 Italy Oldřich Nejedlý 5[a] Edmund Conen
Angelo Schiavio 4 None
—
1938 France Leônidas 7[b] György Sárosi
Gyula Zsengellér
Silvio Piola
5
1950 Brazil Ademir 8[c] Óscar Míguez Alcides Ghiggia
Chico
Estanislau Basora
Telmo Zarra 4
1954 Switzerland Sándor Kocsis 11 Josef Hügi
Max Morlock
Erich Probst 6 None
—
1958 Sweden Just Fontaine 13 Pelé
Helmut Rahn
1962 Chile Flórián Albert
Valentin Ivanov
Garrincha
Vavá
Dražan Jerković
Leonel Sánchez 4 None
—
1966 England Eusébio 9 Helmut Haller 6 Valeriy Porkujan
Geoff Hurst
Ferenc Bene
Franz Beckenbauer 4
1970 Mexico Gerd Müller 10 Jairzinho 7 Teófilo Cubillas 5
1974 West Germany Grzegorz Lato 7 Andrzej Szarmach
Johan Neeskens 5 None
1978 Argentina[17] Mario Kempes 6 Teófilo Cubillas Rob Rensenbrink 5
Golden Shoe[8]
World Cup
Golden Shoe
Goals
Silver Shoe
Goals
Bronze Shoe
Goals
1982 Spain Paolo Rossi 6 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge 5 Zico 4
1986 Mexico Gary Lineker Emilio Butragueño
Careca
Diego Maradona None[18]
1990 Italy Salvatore Schillaci Tomáš Skuhravý Roger Milla
Gary Lineker 4
1994 United States Oleg Salenko[d]
Hristo Stoichkov[e] None
—
Kennet Andersson
Romário 5[f]
1998 France[20] Davor Šuker Gabriel Batistuta
Christian Vieri 5 None[g]
2002 South Korea/Japan[21] Ronaldo 8[h] Miroslav Klose
Rivaldo
2006 Germany[23] Miroslav Klose 5 Hernán Crespo 3[i] Ronaldo 3[i]
Golden Boot[8]
World Cup
Golden Boot
Goals
Silver Boot
Goals
Bronze Boot
Goals
2010 South Africa Thomas Müller 5[j] David Villa 5[j] Wesley Sneijder 5[j]
2014 Brazil James Rodríguez 6 Thomas Müller 5 Neymar
4[k]
2018 Russia Harry Kane Antoine Griezmann 4[l] Romelu Lukaku 4[l]
Notes
Jump up ^ FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals, which would make him joint top scorer with Angelo Schiavio of Italy and Edmund Conen of Germany. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, making Nejedlý the outright top scorer.[14]
Jump up ^ FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals. However, in November 2006, FIFA confirmed that in the quarter-final tie against Czechoslovakia, he had scored once, not twice as FIFA had originally recorded, meaning he had scored only seven goals in total.[14]
Jump up ^ There was controversy regarding the number of goals Brazilian Ademir had scored in 1950, as a result of incomplete data concerning the Final Round game Brazil vs. Spain (6–1). The 5–0 goal had been credited to Jair, but is now credited to Ademir.[15][16]
Jump up ^ Salenko is the only player to win the award playing for a team that were eliminated in the group stages. His six goals are the only international goals he ever scored.
Jump up ^ Despite the assist tiebreaker, Salenko and Stoichkov remained tied with 6 goals and one assist each, and both received the Golden Shoe.[9]
Jump up ^ Romário and Andersson surpassed the other two players with five goals (Jürgen Klinsmann and Roberto Baggio) by having three assists each.[9][19]
Jump up ^ Both runners-up had the same number of assists, and each received the Silver Shoe.
Jump up ^ During the tournament, after the group stage match against Costa Rica, Ronaldo logged a protest against the crediting of a goal as an own goal, and FIFA granted him the change.[22]
^ Jump up to: a b Eight players had scored three goals. Ronaldo, Crespo and Zinedine Zidane stood out for having one assist, and then the two recipients were determined by less playtime (308 minutes for Crespo, 411 for Ronaldo, 559 for Zidane).[24]
^ Jump up to: a b c Müller, Villa, Sneijder and Diego Forlán tied with five goals. Müller won by virtue of having more assists (3) than the rest (each had one). Villa won the Silver Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Sneijder, and Sneijder won the Bronze Boot due to having played fewer minutes than Forlán.[25]
Jump up ^ Neymar, Lionel Messi and Robin van Persie all had four goals in the tournament. Neymar received the Bronze Boot for playing fewer minutes than his competitors (480; Messi played 693 minutes, and Van Persie, 548).[26]
^ Jump up to: a b Griezmann, Lukaku, Denis Cheryshev, Cristiano Ronaldo and Kylian Mbappé tied with 4 goals. Griezmann won the Silver Boot by virtue of having more assists (2) than the rest (Lukaku had one, the rest had zero). Lukaku won the Bronze Boot due to having more assists (one) than Cheryshev, Ronaldo or Mbappé (zero).[27]
Golden Glove[edit]
The Golden Glove Award is awarded to the best goalkeeper of the tournament. The award was introduced with the name Lev Yashin Award in 1994, in honor of the late Soviet goalkeeper.[6] The FIFA Technical Study Group recognises the top goalkeeper of the tournament based on the player's performance throughout the final competition. Although goalkeepers have this specific award for their position, they are still eligible for the Golden Ball as well, as when Oliver Kahn was awarded in 2002. Although the Golden Glove Award was first awarded in 1994, every All-Star Team in World Cups prior to 1998 except 1990 included only one goalkeeper. In the event of a tie, the Golden Glove Award goes to the goalkeeper who progressed furthest in the competition. The next tiebreakers are saves made, then minutes played.
World Cup
Golden Glove
1930 Uruguay Enrique Ballestrero
1934 Italy Ricardo Zamora
1938 France František Plánička
1950 Brazil Roque Máspoli
1954 Switzerland Gyula Grosics
1958 Sweden Harry Gregg
1962 Chile Viliam Schrojf
1966 England Gordon Banks
1970 Mexico Ladislao Mazurkiewicz
1974 West Germany Sepp Maier
1978 Argentina Ubaldo Fillol
1982 Spain Dino Zoff
1986 Mexico Jean-Marie Pfaff
1990 Italy Luis Gabelo Conejo
Sergio Goycochea
1994 United States Michel Preud'homme
1998 France Fabien Barthez
2002 Korea/Japan Oliver Kahn
2006 Germany Gianluigi Buffon
2010 South Africa Iker Casillas
2014 Brazil Manuel Neuer
2018 Russia Thibaut Courtois
Best Young Player Award[edit]
The Best Young Player award was awarded for the first time at the 2006 World Cup in Germany and given to Germany's Lukas Podolski.[28] The award is given to the best player in the tournament who is at most 21 years old. For the 2018 World Cup, this meant that the player had to have been born on or after 1 January 1997. The election took place on FIFA's official World Cup website with the help of The FIFA Technical Study Group.[29]
FIFA organised a survey on the Internet for users to choose the "best young player" of the World Cup, between 1958 and 2002, named the best young player of each tournament.[30] With 61% of the overall vote, the winner was Pelé, who finished ahead of the Peruvian Teófilo Cubillas, the best young player at Mexico 1970, and England's Michael Owen, who reached similar heights at France 98.[31]
YPA[32]
World Cup
Best Young Player
Age
1958 Sweden Pelé 17
1962 Chile Flórián Albert 20
1966 England Franz Beckenbauer 20
1970 Mexico Teófilo Cubillas 21
1974 West Germany Władysław Żmuda 20
1978 Argentina Antonio Cabrini
1982 Spain Manuel Amoros 21
1986 Mexico Enzo Scifo 20
1990 Italy Robert Prosinečki 21
1994 United States Marc Overmars
1998 France Michael Owen 18
2002 Korea/Japan Landon Donovan 20
2006 Germany Lukas Podolski[28] 21
2010 South Africa Thomas Müller[33] 20
2014 Brazil Paul Pogba[34] 21
2018 Russia Kylian Mbappé[35] 19
FIFA Fair Play Trophy[edit]
The FIFA Fair Play Trophy is given to the team with the best record of fair play during the World Cup final tournament since 1970. Only teams that qualified for the second round are considered. The winners of this award earn the FIFA Fair Play Trophy, a diploma, a fair play medal for each player and official, and $50,000 worth of football equipment to be used for youth development.[36]
The appearance of the award was originally a certificate. From 1982 to 1990, it had been a golden trophy based on Sport Billy, a football-playing cartoon character from 1982 who became an icon for FIFA Fair play.[37][38] Ever since 1994, it is simply a trophy with an elegant footballer figure.[39] Peru was the first nation to win the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the 1970 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico.[40]
Peru's FIFA Fair Play trophy award. Peru won the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the tournament.
World Cup
FIFA Fair Play Trophy Winners
1970 Mexico Peru
1974 West Germany West Germany
1978 Argentina Argentina
1982 Spain Brazil
1986 Mexico Brazil
1990 Italy England
1994 United States Brazil
1998 France England
France
2002 Korea/Japan Belgium
2006 Germany Brazil
Spain
2010 South Africa Spain
2014 Brazil Colombia
2018 Russia Spain
Man of the Match[edit]
The Man of the Match award picks the outstanding player in every game of the tournament since 2002. While the inaugural two editions were chosen by the technical group,[41][42] the Man of the Match is since 2010 picked by an online poll on FIFA's website.[43][44]
World Cup
Most Man of the Match wins
Wins
2002 South Korea/Japan Rivaldo 3
2006 Germany Andrea Pirlo 3
2010 South Africa Wesley Sneijder 4
2014 Brazil Lionel Messi 4
2018 Russia Antoine Griezmann
Eden Hazard
Harry Kane
Luka Modrić 3
Total awards
As of 15 July 2018
Rank
Player
Country
MoM
WC with awards
1
Arjen Robben Netherlands 6 2006, 2010, 2014
Cristiano Ronaldo Portugal 2010, 2014, 2018
Lionel Messi Argentina 2010, 2014, 2018
4
Luis Suárez Uruguay 5 2010, 2014, 2018
5
Eden Hazard Belgium 4 2014, 2018
Keisuke Honda Japan 2010, 2014
James Rodríguez Colombia 2014, 2018
Miroslav Klose Germany 2002, 2006
Park Ji-sung South Korea 2002, 2006, 2010
Thomas Müller Germany 2010, 2014
Wesley Sneijder Netherlands 2010
By Country
As of 15 July 2018
Rank
Country
MoM
Players
1
Brazil 22 14
Germany 12
3
France 17 11
4
Spain 16 10
5
Argentina 15 8
6
England 14 12
7
Mexico 12 10
Netherlands 3
9
South Korea 11 7
Portugal 6
United States 7
Most Entertaining Team[edit]
The FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team is a subjectively awarded prize for the team that had done the most to entertain the public with a positive approach to the game, organised through public participation in a poll[6] starting in 1994.[7]
World Cup
Most Entertaining Team Award
1994 United States Brazil[23]
1998 France France[23]
2002 Korea/Japan South Korea[45]
2006 Germany Portugal[46]
2010 South Africa Germany[47]
2014 Brazil Colombia[48]
All-Star Team[edit]
The All-Star Team is a team of the best performers at the respective World Cup finals. The ways in which the FIFA All-Star team members have been chosen has varied from year to year. A technical study group consisting of journalists - mostly from Europe and South America - and experts has historically chosen the team.[49] However, in 1994 FIFA decided to add an official squad, chosen by the FIFA technical group and under the brand name MasterCard All-Star Team.[50] For 1998, 2002 and 2006, substitute and reserve members were also nominated for full 22 and 23-player squads. The All-Star team wound up dropped prior to the 2010 tournament - coincidentally, three years after FIFA changed its sponsorship from MasterCard to Visa.[51]
All Star Team
World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards
1930 Uruguay
Enrique Ballestrero
José Nasazzi
Milutin Ivković
Luis Monti
Álvaro Gestido
José Leandro Andrade
Pedro Cea
Héctor Castro
Héctor Scarone
Guillermo Stábile
Bert Patenaude
1934 Italy
Ricardo Zamora
Jacinto Quincoces
Eraldo Monzeglio
Luis Monti
Attilio Ferraris
Leonardo Cilaurren
Giuseppe Meazza
Raimundo Orsi
Enrique Guaita
Matthias Sindelar
Oldřich Nejedlý
1938 France
František Plánička
Pietro Rava
Alfredo Foni
Domingos da Guia
Michele Andreolo
Ugo Locatelli
Silvio Piola
Gino Colaussi
György Sárosi
Gyula Zsengellér
Leônidas
1950 Brazil
Roque Máspoli
Erik Nilsson
José Parra
Víctor Rodríguez Andrade
Obdulio Varela
Bauer
Alcides Ghiggia
Jair
Zizinho
Ademir
Juan Alberto Schiaffino
1954 Switzerland
Gyula Grosics
Ernst Ocwirk
Djalma Santos
José Santamaría
Fritz Walter
József Bozsik
Nándor Hidegkuti
Zoltán Czibor
Helmut Rahn
Ferenc Puskás
Sándor Kocsis
1958 Sweden
Harry Gregg
Djalma Santos
Bellini
Nílton Santos
Danny Blanchflower
Didi
Gunnar Gren
Raymond Kopa
Pelé
Garrincha
Just Fontaine
1962 Chile
Viliam Schrojf
Djalma Santos
Cesare Maldini
Valery Voronin
Karl-Heinz Schnellinger
Mário Zagallo
Zito
Josef Masopust
Vavá
Garrincha
Leonel Sánchez
1966 England
Gordon Banks
George Cohen
Bobby Moore
Vicente
Silvio Marzolini
Franz Beckenbauer
Mário Coluna
Bobby Charlton
Flórián Albert
Uwe Seeler
Eusébio
1970 Mexico
Ladislao Mazurkiewicz
Carlos Alberto
Atilio Ancheta
Franz Beckenbauer
Giacinto Facchetti
Gérson
Rivellino
Bobby Charlton
Pelé
Gerd Müller
Jairzinho
1974 West Germany
Sepp Maier
Ruud Krol
Paul Breitner
Elias Figueroa[52]
Franz Beckenbauer
Berti Vogts
Wolfgang Overath
Kazimierz Deyna
Johan Neeskens
Rob Rensenbrink
Johan Cruyff
Grzegorz Lato
1978 Argentina
Ubaldo Fillol
Berti Vogts
Ruud Krol
Daniel Passarella
Alberto Tarantini
Dirceu
Teófilo Cubillas
Rob Rensenbrink
Roberto Bettega
Paolo Rossi
Mario Kempes
1982 Spain
Dino Zoff
Luizinho
Júnior
Claudio Gentile
Fulvio Collovati
Zbigniew Boniek
Falcão
Michel Platini
Zico
Paolo Rossi
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1986 Mexico
Jean-Marie Pfaff
Josimar
Manuel Amoros
Júlio César
Jan Ceulemans
Jean Tigana
Michel Platini
Diego Maradona
Preben Elkjær Larsen
Emilio Butragueño
Gary Lineker
1990 Italy
Sergio Goycochea
Luis Gabelo Conejo
Andreas Brehme
Paolo Maldini
Franco Baresi
Diego Maradona
Lothar Matthäus
Dragan Stojković
Paul Gascoigne
Salvatore Schillaci
Roger Milla
Jürgen Klinsmann
MasterCard All Star Team
World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards
1994 United States[50]
Michel Preud'homme
Jorginho
Márcio Santos
Paolo Maldini
Dunga
Krasimir Balakov
Gheorghe Hagi
Tomas Brolin
Romário
Hristo Stoichkov
Roberto Baggio
1998 France[53](1)
Fabien Barthez
José Luis Chilavert
Roberto Carlos
Marcel Desailly
Lilian Thuram
Frank de Boer
Carlos Gamarra
Dunga
Rivaldo
Michael Laudrup
Zinedine Zidane
Edgar Davids
Ronaldo
Davor Šuker
Brian Laudrup
Dennis Bergkamp
2002 Korea/Japan[54](2)
Oliver Kahn
Rüştü Reçber
Roberto Carlos
Sol Campbell
Fernando Hierro
Hong Myung-bo
Alpay Özalan
Rivaldo
Ronaldinho
Michael Ballack
Claudio Reyna
Yoo Sang-chul
Ronaldo
Miroslav Klose
El Hadji Diouf
Hasan Şaş
2006 Germany[55]
Gianluigi Buffon
Jens Lehmann
Ricardo
Roberto Ayala
John Terry
Lilian Thuram
Philipp Lahm
Fabio Cannavaro
Gianluca Zambrotta
Ricardo Carvalho
Zé Roberto
Patrick Vieira
Zinedine Zidane
Michael Ballack
Andrea Pirlo
Gennaro Gattuso
Luís Figo
Maniche
Hernán Crespo
Thierry Henry
Miroslav Klose
Luca Toni
Francesco Totti
1 In addition to the 16 of the All-Star Team, 6 reserves were listed: Edwin van der Sar, Juan Sebastián Verón, Thierry Henry, Jay-Jay Okocha, Michael Owen, and Christian Vieri.[53]
2 Again there were seven reserves: Iker Casillas, Cafu, Dietmar Hamann, Joaquín, Hidetoshi Nakata, Landon Donovan, and Marc Wilmots.[54]
In 2010, an equivalent of the All Star Team was an online poll to FIFA.com Club members named "Dream Team", sponsored by Yingli.[56] The Dream Team poll returned the following edition sponsored by Oi,[57] and again in 2018 sponsored by Hisense.[58]
Dream Team
World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards
Manager
2010 South Africa[56]
Iker Casillas
Philipp Lahm
Sergio Ramos
Carles Puyol
Maicon
Xavi
Bastian Schweinsteiger
Wesley Sneijder
Andrés Iniesta
David Villa
Diego Forlán
Vicente del Bosque
2014 Brazil[57]
Manuel Neuer
Marcelo
Mats Hummels
Thiago Silva
David Luiz
Ángel Di María
Toni Kroos
James Rodríguez
Lionel Messi
Thomas Müller
Neymar
Joachim Löw
2018 Russia[59]
Thibaut Courtois
Raphaël Varane
Thiago Silva
Diego Godín
Marcelo
Luka Modrić
Philippe Coutinho
Kevin De Bruyne
Kylian Mbappé
Harry Kane
Cristiano Ronaldo
While FIFA did not release an official list for 2014, official sponsor Castrol published a team of the tournament based on their Castrol Performance Index, which evaluates players' performances through statistical data.[60]
Castrol Index Top 11
World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards
2014 Brazil[60]
Manuel Neuer
Marcos Rojo
Mats Hummels
Thiago Silva
Stefan de Vrij
Oscar
Toni Kroos
Philipp Lahm
James Rodríguez
Arjen Robben
Thomas Müller
Fantasy McDonald’s Overall XI
World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards
2018 Russia[61]
Thibaut Courtois
Andreas Granqvist
Raphaël Varane
Thiago Silva
Yerry Mina
Denis Cheryshev
Philippe Coutinho
Luka Modrić
Harry Kane
Eden Hazard
Antoine Griezmann
Only two players have been named in three separate All-Star teams whose selection only included the starting eleven: Djalma Santos in 1954, 1958 and 1962, Franz Beckenbauer in 1966, 1970 and 1974. Philipp Lahm also achieved it in 2006, 2010 and 2014. However, the 2006 edition listed 23 players and 2014 had two All-Star team listed. Lahm's name has only been in one of these.
21 players have been named in two separate All-Star teams: Luis Monti (1930 and 1934; representing Argentina and Italy respectively); Garrincha (1958 and 1962); Pelé (1958 and 1970); Bobby Charlton (1966 and 1970); Ruud Krol and Rob Rensenbrink (1974 and 1978); Berti Vogts (1974 and 1978); Paolo Rossi (1978 and 1982); Michel Platini (1982 and 1986); Diego Maradona (1986 and 1990); Paolo Maldini (1990 and 1994); Dunga (1994 and 1998); Roberto Carlos, Rivaldo, and Ronaldo (1998 and 2002); Lilian Thuram and Zinedine Zidane (1998 and 2006); Michael Ballack and Miroslav Klose (2002 and 2006); Marcelo and Thiago Silva (2014 and 2018).
Pelé hold the record of the longest time between being named in two separate All-Star teams by 12 years apart (1958 and 1970).
Uruguay in 1930 and 1950, Spain in 2010 and Germany in 2014 are the only teams to have had a player in every position on the All-Star Team. Germany and Italy achieved it in 2006, however, the 2006 edition listed 23 players.
Uruguay in 1930 and Italy in 2006 have the most players selected in the All-Star Team with 7 players each. However, the 1930 selection only had 11 players overall, while the 2006 selection had 23.
37 different Brazilian players have been named in All-Star teams, Brazil is also the nation with most nominations with 44 nominees in every position except goalkeeper.
Only two Asian players have been named in All-Star teams, Hong Myung-bo and Yoo Sang-chul of South Korea. Another Asian player Hidetoshi Nakata has been named in reserves. All three players were selected in 2002.
Similarly, only two African players have been named in All-Star teams, Roger Milla from Cameroon in 1990 and El Hadji Diouf from Senegal in 2002.
Only one player on the victorious 1986 Argentina team, Diego Maradona, was selected in that year's All-Star team.
Uniquely, brothers Brian Laudrup and Michael Laudrup were both selected for the All Star Team from Denmark in 1998.
Similarly, Cesare Maldini and Paolo Maldini are the only father and son players that were both selected for the All Star Team from Italy, in 1962 and 1990, 1994 respectively.
Uniquely, Argentinian compatriots Diego Maradona (1979 and 1986) and Lionel Messi (2005 and 2014) are the only players that won the Golden Ball award at both FIFA World Cup and FIFA World Youth Championship.
Goal of the Tournament[edit]
World Cup
Player
Scored against
Source
2006 Germany Maxi Rodríguez Mexico [62]
2010 South Africa Diego Forlán Germany
2014 Brazil James Rodríguez Uruguay
2018 Russia Benjamin Pavard Argentina
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c "Romario is voted the top player of World Cup '94 and winner of the FIFA/adidas Golden Ball award; Salenko and Stoichkov tie as leading scorers for World Cup USA '94". Business Wire. 17 July 1994. [FIFA] has announced Oleg Salenko (Russia) and Hristo Stoichkov (Bulgaria) as [...] winners of the prestigious adidas Golden Shoe award [...] who made six goals and one assist each. Kennet Andersson (Sweden) with 5 goals and 3 assists, will receive a Bronze replica of the Predator [...] Throughout World Cup '94, three points were awarded for each goal scored and one point for each assist leading to a goal, with a maximum of two assists per goal. Assists are only taken into account if two or more players scored the same number of goals.
Jump up ^ Bryan, Rebecca (11 July 1994). "Football by the numbers". Los Angeles: Agence France Presse. the assist has gained enough ground to earn a place in the calculations for the Golden Boot award, which in every previous World Cup has been awarded solely on the basis of goals scored. Under the formula, players get three points for a goal, and one point for an assist. "We made a two-point difference because we do not want someone who did not score winning the award," a FIFA official said.
Jump up ^ "2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil – Awards – adidas Golden Boot". FIFA.com. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "FIFA World Cup: Statistics" (PDF). FIFA.com. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "2014 FIFA World Cup Technical Report" (PDF). FIFA Technical Group. 2014. p. 177. TOP GOALSCORERS 1930-2014
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Jump up ^ "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico: Awards". 20 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "1994 FIFA World Cup Technical Report" (PDF). FIFA Technical Group. 1994. p. 82. In Kenneth Andersson they had one of the most prolific scorers in their ranks - he was jointly awarded the "Bronze Shoe" for the third best goal-scorer, together with Brazil's Romário.
Jump up ^ "Ronaldo voted Best Player at France 98". FIFA.com. 27 July 1998. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "An unforgettable football festival with several winners". FIFA.com. 31 October 2002. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Golden consolation for magical Modric". FIFA.com. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "XXI. Special awards and protocol" (PDF). FIFA. p. 52. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
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Jump up ^ "España campeón, del fair play, en Sudáfrica 2010". Peru.com. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
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Jump up ^ {{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/brasil2014/news/newsid=31888/ |title=Colombia win Most Entertaining Team Award|publisher=FIFA.com|date=22 June 2014 |accessdate=26 June 2014}}
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^ Jump up to: a b "WORLD CUP '94; Romario and Baggio Among First All-Star Cast". The New York Times. 16 July 1994.
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Jump up ^ "The FIFA TSG nominates 23 players for the MasterCard All-Star squad". FIFA.com. 7 July 2006. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
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Bibliography
"1982 FIFA World Cup Technical Report" (PDF). FIFA Technical Group. 1982.
"2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan: Report and Statistics" (PDF). FIFA Technical Group. 2002.
External links[edit]
FIFA World Cup Awards on FIFA website
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FIFA World Cup · Golden Ball
Best Player
1930: Nasazzi
1934: Meazza
1938: Leônidas
1950: Zizinho
1954: Puskás
1958: Didi
1962: Garrincha
1966: Charlton
1970: Pelé
1974: Cruijff
1978: Kempes
Golden Ball
1982: Rossi
1986: Maradona
1990: Schillaci
1994: Romário
1998: Ronaldo
2002: Kahn
2006: Zidane
2010: Forlán
2014: Messi
2018: Modrić
Golden Ball was first awarded in 1982.
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FIFA World Cup · Silver Ball
2nd Best Player
1930: Stábile
1934: Sindelar
1938: Piola
1950: Schiaffino
1954: Kocsis
1958: Pelé
1962: Masopust
1966: Moore
1970: Gérson
1974: Beckenbauer
1978: Rossi
Silver Ball
1982: Falcão
1986: Schumacher
1990: Matthäus
1994: Baggio
1998: Šuker
2002: Ronaldo
2006: Cannavaro
2010: Sneijder
2014: Müller
2018: Hazard
Silver Ball was first awarded in 1982.
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FIFA World Cup · Bronze Ball
3rd Best Player
1930: Andrade
1934: Nejedlý
1938: Sárosi
1950: Ademir
1954: Walter
1958: Fontaine
1962: Sánchez
1966: Eusébio
1970: Müller
1974: Deyna
1978: Dirceu
Bronze Ball
1982: Rummenigge
1986: Elkjær
1990: Maradona
1994: Stoichkov
1998: Thuram
2002: Hong Myung-bo
2006: Pirlo
2010: Villa
2014: Robben
2018: Griezmann
Bronze Ball was first awarded in 1982.
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FIFA World Cup – Golden Boot winners
Top scorer
1930: Stábile
1934: Nejedlý
1938: Leônidas
1950: Ademir
1954: Kocsis
1958: Fontaine
1962: Albert, Garrincha, Ivanov, Jerković, Sánchez & Vavá
Golden Shoe
1966: Eusébio
1970: G. Müller
1974: Lato
1978: Kempes
1982: Rossi
1986: Lineker
1990: Schillaci
1994: Salenko & Stoichkov
1998: Šuker
2002: Ronaldo
2006: Klose
Golden Boot
2010: T. Müller
2014: J. Rodríguez
2018: Kane
Golden Shoe was first awarded in 1966
Golden Boot was first awarded in 2010
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FIFA World Cup · Golden Glove
All-Star Team Goalkeeper
1930: Ballestrero
1934: Zamora
1938: Plánička
1950: Máspoli
1954: Grosics
1958: Gregg
1962: Schrojf
1966: Banks
1970: Mazurkiewicz
1974: Maier
1978: Fillol
1982: Zoff
1986: Pfaff
1990: Goycochea
Yashin Award
1994: Preud'homme
1998: Barthez
2002: Kahn
2006: Buffon
Golden Glove
2010: Casillas
2014: Neuer
2018: Courtois
Golden Glove was first awarded in 1994.
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FIFA World Cup · Best Young Player
Best Young Player
1958: Pelé
1962: Albert
1966: Beckenbauer
1970: Cubillas
1974: Żmuda
1978: Cabrini
1982: Amoros
1986: Scifo
1990: Prosinečki
1994: Overmars
1998: Owen
2002: Donovan
Best Young Player Award
2006: Podolski
2010: Müller
2014: Pogba
2018: Mbappé
Best Young Player was first awarded in 2006.
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FIFA World Cup
Tournaments
Uruguay 1930
Italy 1934
France 1938
Brazil 1950
Switzerland 1954
Sweden 1958
Chile 1962
England 1966
Mexico 1970
West Germany 1974
Argentina 1978
Spain 1982
Mexico 1986
Italy 1990
United States 1994
France 1998
South Korea–Japan 2002
Germany 2006
South Africa 2010
Brazil 2014
Russia 2018
Qatar 2022
Canada–Mexico–United States 2026
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2034
Qualification
1930
1934
1938
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1974
1978
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1998
2002
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2010
2014
2018
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1938
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1974
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1998
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Squads
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Notes: There was no qualification for the 1930 World Cup as places were given by invitation only. In 1950, there was no final; the article is about the decisive match of the final group stage.
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2006–2018)
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values: List of men's national association football teams

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values: South American Youth Football Championship

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values: Confederation of Independent Football Associations

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values: قائمة جوائز كأس العالم – Arabic

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values: Premios de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol – Asturian

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values: Récompenses de la Coupe du monde de football – French

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