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List of Hindu festivals
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There are a great number of Hindu Religious Festivals held throughout the world. A festival may be observed with acts of worship, offerings to deities, fasting, feasting, vigil, rituals, fairs, charity, celebrations, Puja, Homa, aarti etc. The festivals typically celebrate events from Hindu mythology, often coinciding with seasonal changes. There are many festivals which are primarily celebrated by specific sects or in certain regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Contents
[hide]
1 Terminology
1.1 Utsava
1.2 Observance periods (tithi)
2 Sublists
3 List and descriptions of major Hindu festivals
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Terminology[edit]
Utsava[edit]
'Utsava' is the Sanskrit word for Hindu festivals, meaning 'to cause to grow 'upward'.[citation needed] Uthsava or Utsava or Utsav is derived from the Sanskrit word, Utsava. The Sanskrit word Utsava comes from the word "ut" meaning "removal" and "sava" which means "worldly sorrows" or "grief".[1]
Observance periods (tithi)[edit]
In the Hindu calendar dates are usually prescribed according to the lunar calendar. In Vedic timekeeping, a tithi is a lunar day.
Sublists[edit]
List of Hindu festivals in Punjab
List of festivals observed at Jagannatha Temple, Puri
List of Sindhi festivals
List of Gujarati festivals
List of South Indian festivals
List and descriptions of major Hindu festivals[edit]
Major Hindu Festivals
Photo
Hindu tithi of observance
Descriptions
Makar Sankranti
or
Pongal
Thai Pongal in Colombo
Makar Sankranti or Pongal marks the transition of the Sun into Makar rasi. It marks the gradual increase of the duration of the day.

Pongal is the first day of Uttarayana and coincides with the beginning of the Tamil month of Thai. Pongal is one of the most popular harvest festivals of southern India, mainly Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Pongal occurs in the middle of January every year and marks the auspicious beginning of Uttarayan (sun's journey northwards). The Pongal festival lasts for four days. Celebrations include a drawing of Kolam, swinging & the cooking of delicious Pongal.[2]

This day coincides with Makara Sankranti.
Vasant Panchami
Goddess Saraswati in Kolkata
Fifth day of the waxing moon of Magh (Hindu calendar) Vasant Panchami (also called Saraswati Puja by Bengalis and Odias) is celebrated for the blessing of Saraswati, goddess of wisdom and the arts.[3]
Thaipusam
or
Kavadi
Murugan during Thaipusam
The full moon day of the Tamil month of Thai Thaipusam is a Hindu festival celebrated mostly by the Tamil community. The word Thaipusam is derived from the Tamil month name Thai and Pusam, which refers to a star near the location of the moon during the festival. The festival commemorates the occasion when Parvati gave Murugan a spear so he could vanquish the evil demon Soorapadman.
Kavadi Attam (Tamil:காவடி ஆட்டம்) is a dance performed by the devotees during the ceremonial worship of Murugan, the Tamil God of War.[4] It is often performed during the festival of Thaipusam and emphasises debt bondage. The Kavadi itself is a physical burden through which the devotees implore for help from the God Murugan.[5]
Maha Shivaratri
Statue of Shiva meditating
Thirteenth night of the waning moon of Magh (Hindu calendar) Maha Shivaratri is the great night of Shiva, during which followers of Shiva observe religious fasting and the offering of Bael (Bilva) leaves to Shiva. Mahashivaratri Festival or ‘The Night of Shiva’ is celebrated with devotion and religious fervor in honor of Lord Shiva, one of the deities of Hindu Trinity. Shivaratri falls on the moonless 14th night of the new moon in the Hindu month of Phalgun, which corresponds to the month of February - March in English Calendar. Celebrating the festival of Shivaratri devotees observe day and night fast and perform ritual worship of Shiva Lingam to appease Lord Shiva. To mark the Shivratri festival, devotees wake up early and take a ritual bath, preferably in river Ganga. After wearing fresh new clothes devotees visit the nearest Shiva temple to give ritual bath to the Shiva Lingum with milk, honey, water etc. On Shivaratri, worship of Lord Shiva continues all through the day and night. Every three hours priests perform ritual pooja of Shivalingam by bathing it with milk, yoghurt, honey, ghee, sugar and water amidst the chanting of “Om Namah Shivaya’ and ringing of temple bells. Nightlong vigil or jaagran is also observed in Shiva temples where large number of devotees spend the night singing hymns and devotional songs in praise of Lord Shiva. It is only on the following morning that devotee break their fast by partaking prasad offered to the deity.[6]
Holi
Holi in Pushkar, Rajasthan
Full moon of the Phalgun month (Hindu calendar) Holi or Phagwah is a popular spring festival. Holi commemorates the slaying of the demoness Holika by Lord Vishnu's devotee Prahlad. Thus, the festival's name is derived from the Sanskrit words "Holika Dahanam", which literally mean "Holika's slaying". The festival is called Shigmo and Shimga in Goa and rural Maharashtra respectively.
Shigmo
Young boy at the Śigmo
Shigmo is celebrated in Goa as one of the prominent festivals of the Konkani Hindu community.
Rang Panchami
In Maharashtra and parts of Madhya Pradesh, the festival of colors is celebrated five days after Holi on Rang Panchami, .
Gangaur
Mother Gaur
"Gangaur" is the colourful and the one of the most important festivals of people of Rajasthan and is observed throughout the state with great fervour and devotion by womenfolk who worship Gauri, the consort of Lord Shiva during March–April.
Vasant Navratri
Bhajan in Coimbatore
Navratri is the Hindu festival of worship and dance. In Sanskrit the term literally means "nine nights". During this festival the forms of Shakti are worshipped, and effigies are burned.
Rama Navami
Home shrine on Rama Navami
Rama Navami is the celebration of the birth of Rama. Rama Navami is the day on which Lord Rama, the seventh incarnation of Lord Vishnu, incarnated in human form i n the land of Ayodhya. He is the ardha ansh of Vishnu or has half the divinitive qualities of Lord Vishnu. The word “Rama” literally means one who is divinely blissful and who gives joy to others, and one in whom the sages rejoice. Ram Navami falls on the ninth day of the bright fortnight in the month of Chaitra (April/May) and coincides with Vasant Navratri or Chait Durga Puja. Therefore, in some regions, the festival is spread over nine days. This day, marking the birthday of Lord Rama, is also observed as the marriage day of Rama and Sita and thus also referred to as Kalyanotsavam. In Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Rama, a huge fair is held with thousands of devotees gathering to celebrate this festival. The fair continues for two days, and rathyatras, carrying the Deities of Ram, his brother Laxman, His wife Sita, and His greatest devotee Mahavir Hanuman, are taken out from almost all Ram Temples. Hanuman is known for is his devotion to Rama, and his tales form an important part of the celebration. In Andhra Pradesh, Ram Navami is celebrated for 10 days from the Chaitra saptami to the Bahula Padyami that fall in the month of March and April. Temples re-enact the marriage of Lord Rama and Sita to commemorate this event, since this day is also the day they got married.[7]
Gudi Padwa, Chetichand
Traditional Gudhi
First Day of waxing moon of Chaitra (Hindu calendar) Gudi Padwa / ChetiChand is celebrated on the first day of the Chaitra month, and is celebrated as New Year's Day by Marathis, Konkanis and Sindhis . According to the Brahma Purana, this is the day on which Brahma created the world.The date keeps changing every year in the month of march.
Ugadi
Holigey or Bhakshalu prepared on Ugadi
Ugadi (meaning "the start of an era" in Kannada) is New Year's Day for the Kannadigas and Telugus. It takes place on the same day as Gudi Padwa.
Mesha Sankranti
Ganges at Haridwar, Uttarakhand
First day of solar month of Vaisakha. Mesha Sankranti (also called Vaisakha Sankranti) represents the transition of the sun into the Mesha (Aries) Zodiac. Marks the start of the solar new year in lunisolar calendars. Involves bathing in holy waters. Regional new year festivals are also observed on this day such as Vishu, Pohela Boishakh and Vaisakhi. Represents the vernal (Spring) equinox.
Vishu
Traditional vishu kani
Vishu is a Hindu festival celebrated in Kerala. It falls around 14 April of the Gregorian year.
Tamil New Year
The Tamil New Year follows the Nirayan vernal equinox. it falls around 14 April of the Gregorian year.
Bihu
Bihu dancer with 'pepa'
Vaisakha/Bohag (Assamese calendar) – The first month of Hindu calendar Rongali Bihu (mid-April, also called Bohag Bihu), the most popular Bihu celebrates the onset of the Assamese New Year (around 15 April) and the coming of Spring.
Hanuman Jayanti
Shri Hanuman Mandir
Hanuman Jayanti is the celebration of the birth of Hanuman, Rama's loyal devotee. To mark the birth of Lord Hanuman, Hanuman Jayanti is celebrated all over India in the month of Chaitra in Hindu calendar. The great Hanuman is known for its great strength, power and his immortal devotion towards Lord Rama. He is considered to be a greatest follower of Lord Rama and played a crucial role in his life. He is also known as Sankat Mochan who people remember in both good and bad times. He is considered to be as one of the most powerful Hindu gods in India. According to Hindu mythology, as the son of 'Pawan', the God of Winds and 'Anjanee' often referred to as 'Pawanputra,' is blessed with immense physical and mental strength that is greatly inspiring. Celebrations on Hanuman Jayanti began early in the day with special puja being performed by devotees. Devotees perform holy Puja in temples dedicated to Sree Hanuman or at Home. People in India organize special prayers for Lord Hanuman to get rid of evil spirits. The God is known for its magical powers. Prayers and Hymns are sung all day long in various Hanuman temples dedicated to the lord. Hanuman is considered as a symbol of Power and great strength in Hindu mythology. He is believed to have carried a whole mountain in his shoulder. On auspicious day of Hanuman Jayanti, People apply red Sindur from Lord's feet on their foreheads. This is considering being a ritual for good health and good luck.[8]
Sitalsasthi
Sixth day of the bright fortnight of the month of Jyestha (Hindu calendar) The marriage of Shiva and Parvati is celebrated as Sitalsasthi. It is celebrated as a carnival, in which people and artists from different walks of life participate, making it more beautiful and bringing out the true colour of life.
Vat Pournima
Tying threads around a banyan tree (wata)
Full moon of Jyeshta (Hindu calendar) Vat Pournima is observed in Maharashtra. Pournima means "full moon." Women pray for the prosperity of their husbands by tying threads around a banyan tree.
Bonalu
Women with Bonam performing parikrama
Bonalu is a festival celebrated for a Mother Goddess ( such as the goddesses Pochamma, Yellamma, etc.) in the Telangana.
Bathukamma
Women dancing around Bathukammas
Bathukamma is a festival celebrated during the months of September and October in 10 districts of Telangana.
Rath Yatra
Rath Jatra in Puri
Rath Yatra is the festival associated with Jagannath.
Raja Parba
(Odia: ରଜ ପର୍ବ)
Raja Doli khela, Oriya festival
The second day(Raja Shankranti) signifies beginning of the solar month of Mithuna Raja Parba is a four-day-long festival. It inaugurates and welcomes the agricultural year all over Odisha.
Guru Purnima
Sanyasi performing Vyasa puja
Full moon of Ashadh (Hindu calendar) Guru Purnima is the day devotees offer puja (worship) to their Guru. This was also the day when Vyasa, author of the Mahabharata was born.
Mahalakshmi Vrata
Mahalakshmi performing Mahalakshmi
Mahalakshmi Vrata is a puja performed by married Hindu women to seek the blessings of Mahalakshmi, goddess of wealth and prosperity.
Onam
Thiruvathira Kali during Onam in Kerala
Onam Onam is the harvest festival of Kerala. Though Onam is traditionally a Hindu festival celebrated in Kerala, contemporarily Onam is celebrated by the Kerala diaspora across the globe. Onam commemorates the rule of Mahabali, an Asura(demon) king who loved his subjects. During his rule people were happy, honest and full of righteousness. Legend says Lord Vishnu took the incarnation of Vamana, a dwarf Brahmin who visited Mahabali seeking three steps of land for sitting in self denunciation. Cleverly Vamana defeated Mahabali and sent him to the netherworld. Onam is the annual homecoming of the legendary Emperor Mahabali. It falls during the month of Chingam (August–September) and lasts for ten days. The festival is marked by various festivities, including intricate flower carpets, elaborate banquet lunches, snake boat races, Onappottan, Kaazhchakkula in Guruvayoor, Puli Kali, Kaikottikkali etc. These festivities make Onam a unique festival on the earth which is embellished by most number of cultural elements and it can be undoubtedly said that these elements constitute the colorfulness, diversity and richness that no other festival can claim.On Onam day people conduct special prayers in Hindu temples.Although Prayers in Hindu temples are important part of the festival, non-Hindus are not allowed to enter temples..
Raksha Bandhan
Rakhis
Full moon of Shravana (Hindu calendar) Raksha Bandhan is a festival celebrated mainly in northern Indian states. Rakhi is a special occasion to celebrate the chaste bond of love between a brother and a sister.
Teejdi
Third day after Raksha Bandhan "Teejdi" is a festival of Sindhis. On this day Sindhi ladies observe a day long fasting for longer life of their husbands. They take dinner after "Chandra Darshan" i.e. seeing Moon.
Krishna Janmaashtami
Govinda Pathaks forming human tower
Eighth day of waning moon of Bhadrapad (Hindu calendar) Krishna Janmaashtami is the Hindu festival celebrating the birth of Krishna. It is actually called as Krishna Jayanthi. The date falls not only on the eighth day of the waning moon of Bhadrapad, but always on Rohini Nakshatra. Janmashtami, the birthday of Lord Krishna is celebrated with great devotion and enthusiasm in India in the month of July or August. According to the Hindu calendar this religious festival is celebrated on the Ashtami of Krishna Paksh or the 8th day of the dark fortnight in the month of Bhadon. Sri Krishna is considered as the one of the most powerful human incarnations of the Lord Vishnu. He was born around 5,200 years ago in Mathura. The sole objective of Sri Krishna's birth was to free the Earth from the evilness of demons. He played an important role in Mahabharata and propagated the theory of bhakti and good karma which are narrated deeply in the Bhagwat Geeta. Sri Krishna was born in a prison in the custody of Kansa. Vasudev, His father immediately thought of his friend Nand and decided to hand over his child to him to save Krishna from the clutch of Kansa. Krishna grew up in Gokul and finally killed his uncle, King Kansa. The actual celebration of Janmashtami takes place during the midnight as Sri Krishna is believed to be born on a dark, stormy and windy night to end the rule and violence of his uncle, Kansa. All over India this day is celebrated with devotional songs and dances, pujas, arti, blowing of the Conch and rocking the cradle of baby Sri Krishna. The Janmashtami celebration of Mathura and Vrindavan, the places where Sri Krishna had spent his life, are very special. On this day temples and homes are wonderfully decorated and illuminated. Night long prayers are offered and religious mantras are sung in the temples.[9]
Radhastami
Eighth day of waxing moon of Bhadrapad (Hindu calendar) Radhastami is celebrated all across India especially in Northern India on Bhadrapad Shukla Paksha Ashtami as birth anniversary of Goddess Radha, consort of lord Krishna.
Gowri Habba
Gowri Habba is celebrated in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Gowri is worshipped for her ability to bestow courage to her devotees. Newly wed couples are invited to the house of the groom's parents and served with varieties of food.
Ganesh Chaturthi
Ganesh Visarjan in Mumbai
Fourth day of the waxing moon of Bhadrapada (Hindu calendar) Ganesh Chaturthi is the celebrated as the arrival of Ganesh on the earth. It is very important festival in Maharashta. Ganesh Festival celebrated in Pune in very traditional way. Its awesome Mirwanuk on last day of festival.
Nuakhai
Fifth day of the waxing moon of Bhadrapada (Hindu calendar) Nuakhai is celebrated to welcome the new rice of the season. This is an agricultural festival mainly observed by people of western Odisha (Kosal).
Navarathri
Garba dance in Ahmedabad
First nine nights of the waxing moon of Ashvin Navarathri is the Hindu festival of worship and dance. In Sanskrit the term literally means "nine nights". During this festival the forms of Shakti are worshiped. Literally “nine nights”, this nine – day period from the new moon day to the ninth day of Ashvin is considered the most auspicious time of the Hindu calendar and is hence the most celebrated time of the year. Although it has different names in different parts of India, Hindus from all regions celebrate it. From Kashmir in the North to Tamil Nadu in the South, and from Gujarat in the West to Sikkim in the East, it is celebrated with great enthusiasm as the conquest of good over evil. Every region has its own myths and reasons to explain this. The nine different aspects of Devi are worshipped over the nine days.
Durga Puja
First ten nights of the waxing moon of Ashvin These are the most popular forms under which she is worshipped: Durga, goddess beyond reach; Kali, the auspicious power of time; Amba or Jagdamba, mother of the world; Annapurna, giver of food and plenty; Sarvamangala, auspicious goddess; Bhairavi, terrible, fearful, power of death; Chandika or Chandi, violent, wrathful, furious; Lalita, playful; Bhavani, giver of existence;Tara, giver of success in work.[10]
Vijayadashami
Durga Puja celebration in Dhaka
Tenth day of waxing moon of Ashvin (Hindu calendar) Vijayadashami is the Hindu celebration of good over evil.
Deepavali
Rangoli decorations
New moon of Ashvin (Hindu calendar) Deepavali which means "row of lights/lamps" in kannada and telugu and Marathi and Sanskrit is called "Diwali" in North India, Deepa means lamp and in Hindi a lamp is mostly called a Diya or Di. The festival is celebrated on the occasion of Lord Krishna and his wife Satyabhama killing a demon Narakasura. Another story says the festival is celebrated for the return of Rama and Sita to the kingdom Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile.
Rama is exiled to the forest for 14 years, his devoted wife Sita and humble brother Laxman decide to join him, after 14 years the whole village know he is returning so light lamps or 'divas' to guide him, his wife and brother home. So every year lamps are lit to represent Rama finding his way back home after the harsh punishment of being sent to exile in the forest.
Bhai dooj
Second day of the waxing moon of Kartik (Hindu calendar) Bhai dooj, also referred to as Bhaubeej in Marathi, is the ceremony performed by Hindus, generally, on the second day of Deepavali. It is celebrated among brothers and sisters and is similar to Raksha Bandhan, except there is no tying of rakhi involved.
Kartik Poornima
15th of the Full moon day of Kartik (November–December) A unique festival is celebrated in Varanasi this day which is called Dev Devali. The Kartik Purnima festival also coincides with the Jain light festival and Guru Nanak Jayanti
Chhath
Morning worship at Jamshedpur
Chhath is mainly observed in Bihar and Terai, but is also celebrated elsewhere. It is a festival dedicated to the Sun God for bestowing the bounties of life and fulfilling wishes.
Skanda Sashti
Skanda Sashti is decided on lunar month during sixth day of Karthika Masam (October–November). It is one of the most important festival dedicated to Lord Murugan the second son of Shiva. On this festival is celebrated the victory of Murugan against the Asuras.
Prathamastami
After 8 days of Kartik Purnima Prathamastami is a festival that originated in Odia. It is held on the eighth day of the month of Agrahayana, when older female relatives pray for the prosperity of their eldest child. The festival is followed by rituals and recitations of the Glory of Mahalakshmi and Shashti devi.
Yatra
Dnyaneshwar's palkhi holding the footwear of the saint
Yatra (also Zatra and jatra) refers to the pilgrimage festivals celebrated at Hindu temples. Idols and murtis are taken out on special procession in a palkhi (a palanquin) or a chariot called the rath. Every temple observes this festival once a year on the traditional day. Palkhi is main tradition of Maharashtra. Sant Dhnyaneshwar had started the palkhi from Alandi (Pune) to Pandharpur. Every year Marathi people celebrates Palkhi from Alandi and Dehu to Pandharpur.
Karthikai Deepam
Pithalai vilakku during Karthigai Deepam in Mumbai.
Karthikai Deepam is an ancient festival of lights celebrated by Tamil Hindus on the full moon day of Karthikai month (November/December). This occurs on the day when the moon is in conjunction with the constellation Karthigai (Pleiades) and purnima. It is the same as Kartik Poornima; however, since Tamils follow the Hindu Solar calendar with correction for precession of the equinoxes, the Tamil date matches the actual constellation.
Pancha Ganapati
A Winter Solstice celebration that lasts five days. Pancha Ganapati is a modern Hindu festival celebrating Lord Ganesha, the Five-Faced Maha Ganapati—Lord of Categories[citation needed].
Kumbh Mela
Procession of Akharas marching over the Ganges.
A pilgrimage made every four years to the Ganges river The Purna (complete) Kumbh takes place every twelve years, and is an ordinary large Kumbh Mela. The Ardh (half) Kumbh Mella, a smaller Kumbh Mela, is celebrated every six years. The normal Kumbh Mela is celebrated every 4 years. The Maha (great) Kumbh Mela, a special large Kumbh Mela, occurs every 12 'Purna Kumbh Melas', or 144 years.
Godavari Pushkaram
or
Purna Kumbha Mela
Arch Bridge Rajahmundry over Godavari
Godavari Pushkaram or Godavari Pushkaralu is most commonly stated as it is the festival of the river Godavari. The main significance of this Godavari Pushkaralu is that It occurs once in every 12 years in other words called as Pushakara. The river Godavari took it birth at triambakeswar of Nasik which is located in Maharashtra state. It flow along the various regions of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and finally flows into the Bay of Bengal.Maha Pushkaralu which comes once in 144 years.
Main centre's that celebrate Pushkaram are Rajahmundry, Bhadrachalam, Trimbakeshwar & Nasik.Most of the Godavari River is connected with Rajahmundry, where it has wide spread across the city.
See also[edit]
Lists of festivals
Religious festival
Jain festivals
Hinduism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sri Venkateswara Swami Temple of Greater Chicago
Jump up ^ [1], Pongalfestival.org.
Jump up ^ Friedrichs, Kurt (1994). "Sarasvatī". In Schuhmacher, Stephan; Woerner, Gert. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen. Boston: Shambala. p. 306. ISBN 0-87773-980-3. The goddess of ... scholarship ... She is also the patron of the arts, especially of music.
Jump up ^ Kent, Alexandra. Divinity and Diversity: A Hindu Revitalization Movement in Malaysia. University of Hawaii Press, 2005. (ISBN 8791114896)
Jump up ^ Hume, Lynne. Portals.
Jump up ^ http://www.mahashivratri.org/mahashivaratri-festival.html
Jump up ^ http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Rama_Navami
Jump up ^ http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/festivals/hanuman-jayanti.html
Jump up ^ http://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/india/janmashtami.php
Jump up ^ http://www.webonautics.com/ethnicindia/festivals/navarathri.html
External links[edit]
Hinduism Today magazine's coverage of Hindu festivals
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Diwali
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Pulp (tooth)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Pulp (tooth)
Section of a human molar
Details
Identifiers
Latin
pulpa dentis
MeSH
D003782
TA
A05.1.03.051
FMA
55631
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The dental pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. The dental pulp is a part of the dentin–pulp complex (endodontium).[1] The vitality of the dentin-pulp complex, both during health and after injury, depends on pulp cell activity and the signaling processes that regulate the cell’s behavior.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Anatomy
2 Development
3 Internal structure
3.1 The plexus of Raschkow
4 Functions
5 Pulp Testing
6 Reversible Pulpitis
6.1 Common Causes [6]
6.2 Symptoms [6]
6.3 Prevention [6]
7 Irreversible Pulpitis
8 Complications
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Anatomy[edit]
Pulps of two extracted, not fully developed wisdom teeth, photographed from below.
The pulp is the neurovascular bundle central to each tooth, permanent or primary. It comprises a central pulp chamber, pulp horns and radicular canals. The large mass of pulp is contained within the pulp chamber, which is contained in and mimics the overall shape of the crown of the tooth.[2] Because of continuous deposition of dentin, the pulp chamber becomes smaller with age. This is not uniform throughout the coronal pulp but progresses faster on the floor than on the roof or side walls.
Radicular pulp canals extend down from the cervical region of the crown to the root apex. They are not always straight but vary in shape, size and number. They are continuous with the periapical tissues through the apical foramen or foramina.
The total volumes of all the permanent teeth organs is 0.38cc and the mean volume of a single adult human pulp is 0.02cc.
Accessory canals are pathways from the radicular pulp, extending laterally through the dentin to the periodontal tissue seen especially in the apical third of the root. Accessory canals are also called lateral canals, because they are usually located on the lateral surface of the roots of the teeth.
Development[edit]
The pulp has a background similar to that of dentin, because both are derived from the dental papilla of the tooth germ. During odontogenesis, when the dentin forms around the dental papilla, the innermost tissue is considered pulp.[3]
Internal structure[edit]
Pulpal dentin junction. 1) outside tooth/enamel 2) dentin tubule 3) dentin 4) odontoblastic process 5) predentin 6) odontoblast 7) capillaries 8) fibroblasts 9) nerve 10) artery/vein 11) cell-rich zone 12) cell-poor zone 13) pulp chamber
The central region of the coronal and radicular pulp contains large nerve trunks and blood vessels.
This area is lined peripherally by a specialized odontogenic area which has four layers (from innermost to outermost):
Pulpal core, which is in the center of the pulp chamber with many cells and an extensive vascular supply; except for its location, it is very similar to the cell-rich zone.
Cell rich zone; which contains fibroblasts and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
Cell free zone (zone of Weil) which is rich in both capillaries and nerve networks.
Odontoblastic layer; outermost layer which contains odontoblasts and lies next to the predentin and mature dentin.
Cells found in the dental pulp include fibroblasts (the principal cell), odontoblasts, defence cells like histiocytes, macrophage, granulocytes, mast cells and plasma cells.The nerve plexus of Raschkow is located central to the cell-rich zone.[3]
The plexus of Raschkow[edit]
The plexus of Raschkow monitors painful sensations. By virtue of their peptide content they also play important functions in inflammatory events and subsequent tissue repair. There are two types of nerve fiber that mediate the sensation of pain: A-fibers conduct rapid and sharp pain sensations and belong to the myelinated group, whereas C-fibers are involved in dull aching pain and are thinner and unmyelinated. The A-fibers, mainly of the A-delta type, are preferentially located in the periphery of the pulp, where they are in close association with the odontoblasts and extend fibers to many but not all dentinal tubules. The C-fibers typically terminate in the pulp tissue proper, either as free nerve endings or as branches around blood vessels.
Functions[edit]
The primary function of the dental pulp is to form dentin (by the odontoblasts).
Other functions include:
Nutritive: the pulp keeps the organic components of the surrounding mineralized tissue supplied with moisture and nutrients;
Protective/Sensory: extremes in temperature, pressure, or trauma to the dentin or pulp are perceived as pain;
Defensive/reparative : the formation of reparative or tertiary dentin (by the odontoblasts);
Formative: cells of the pulp produce dentin which surrounds and protects the pulpal tissue.
Pulp Testing[edit]
[4] Dental pulp testing is an investigation that is used to assess the pulpal vitality. This assessment is crucial in order to plan the most suitable endodontic treatment for the tooth. Traditionally, the pulp’s condition is inspected via a pulp sensibility test, which extrapolates pulpal status based on its sensory response towards stimuli such as heat and cold. Listed are the diagnostic techniques most commonly used to assess the pulpal sensitivity:
1. Thermal Test
a. Heat test – A heated Gutta-Percha stick is the most commonly used method for heat testing.
b. Cold Test – Ethyl Chloride, frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) and Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon) are used as cold testing material.
2.[5] Electric pulp testing – Health status of the pulp is tested by electrical excitations of neural elements within the pulp.
3. Anaesthesia testing – A single tooth is anaesthetized at a time until the pain is diminished. If the pain continues, the procedure is repeated to the next tooth mesial to it. It is continued until the pain is gone. If source of pain cannot be determined, the same technique on the opposite arch is repeated.
4. Bite test – In this test patient is asked to bite on a hard object such as cotton swab, tooth pick, or orange wood stick. Pain on biting may indicate a fractured tooth.
5. Test Cavity – This technique is only used when the results produced by all other methods above are inconclusive. High speed burs are used to make the test cavity. Patient is asked whether painful sensation is felt during drilling. Pulpal vitality is indicated if there is any sensitivity or pain felt by the patient.
However, these traditional testing methods have some disadvantages compared to the pulp vitality test in which the pulp blood circulation is evaluated instead. Major limitations of the traditional pulp sensitivity test include:
Likelihood to elicit an uncomfortable and sometimes painful sensation in the patient.
May yield false positive or false negative results. These tests only indicate the pulpal sensory fibres' vitality but do not always reflect the stage and extent of pulpal disease.
Subjective nature of the test. The pulp sensibility test depends on the patient’s response to a particular stimulus and the dentist’s interpretation of that response.
Recent studies have suggested that blood circulation is the most reliable factor in testing the pulp’s vitality. The recent diagnostic methods to assess the vascular response of the pulp include:
1. Laser Doppler Flowmetry
2. Pulse Oximetry
3. Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometry
Reversible Pulpitis[edit]
A mild to moderate inflammation of dental pulp caused by any momentary irritation or stimulant whereby no pain is felt upon removal of stimulants.[6] Nevertheless, there is no significant radiographic changes in the periapical region hence further examination is mandatory to ensure that the dental pulp has returned to its normal healthy state.[7]
Common Causes [6][edit]
- Bacterial infection from caries
- Thermal shock
- Trauma
- Excessive dehydration of a cavity during restoration
- Irritation of exposed dentine
Symptoms [6][edit]
- Temporary post-restoration sensitivity
- Short sharp pain due to a stimulant
Prevention [6][edit]
- Regular check-ups for carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic caries
- When preparing cavities, dehydrate with adequate amount of alcohol or chloroform and apply enough varnish to protect the pulp
Irreversible Pulpitis[edit]
Pain occurs spontaneously if the reversible pulpitis hasn’t been treated well leaving the cause of inflammation. Usually occurs as a result of cracked tooth following trauma,[8] extensive restorations,[7] dental caries.[8] Incapable of healing and hence root canal treatment is required. It can present as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis or asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis.[7]
Symptoms
The intensity of pain varies at different temperatures. A person may experience
A spontaneous, high intensity pain while eating hot and cold products(thermal stimulus).[7][8]
A lingering pain which often lasts for 30 seconds or longer after the stimulus is removed.[7][8]
Referred pain[7]
No tender to percussion[7]
Treatments: Require endodontic (root canal) treatment or tooth extraction. In endodontic therapy, removal of the inflamed pulp relieves the pain. The empty root canal system is then obturated with Gutta-Percha which is a rubber material that acts as a pressure and pain reliever.[8]
Complications[edit]
Pulp acts as a security and alarm system for a tooth. Slight decay in tooth structure not extending to the dentin may not alarm the pulp but as the dentin gets exposed, either due to dental caries or trauma, sensitivity starts. The dentinal tubules pass the stimulus to odontoblastic layer of the pulp which in turns triggers the response. This mainly responds to cold. At this stage simple restorations can be performed for treatment. As the decay progresses near the pulp the response also magnifies and sensation to a hot diet as well as cold gets louder. At this stage indirect pulp capping might work for treatment but at times it is impossible to clinically diagnose the extent of decay, pulpitis may elicit at this stage. Carious dentin by dental decay progressing to pulp may get fractured during mastication (chewing food) causing direct trauma to the pulp hence eliciting pulpitis.
The inflammation of the pulp is known as pulpitis. Pulpitis can be extremely painful and in serious cases calls for root canal therapy or endodontic therapy.[9] Traumatized pulp starts an inflammatory response but due to the hard and closed surroundings of the pulp pressure builds inside the pulp chamber compressing the nerve fibres and eliciting extreme pain (acute pulpitis). At this stage the death of the pulp starts which eventually progresses to periapical abscess formation (chronic pulpitis).
The pulp horns recede with age. Also with increased age, the pulp undergoes a decrease in intercellular substance, water, and cells as it fills with an increased amount of collagen fibers.This decrease in cells is especially evident in the reduced number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Thus, the pulp becomes more fibrotic with increased age, leading to a reduction in the regenerative capacity of the pulp due its loss of these cells. Also, the overall pulp cavity may be smaller by the addition of secondary or tertiary dentin, thus causing pulp recession. The lack of sensitivity associated with older teeth is due to receded pulp horns, pulp fibrosis, addition of dentin, or possibly all these age-related changes; many times restorative treatment can be performed without local anesthesia on older dentitions.[2]
See also[edit]
Dental pulp stem cells
Dental pulp test
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://endodontistrootcanal.com/endodontium/
^ Jump up to: a b c Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 164.
^ Jump up to: a b Antonio Nanci, Ten Cate's Oral Histology, Elsevier, 2007, page 91
Jump up ^ Garg, Nisha Garg Amit (2013). Textbook of endodontics. New Delhi ; London : Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. pp. 74–78. ISBN 9789350909522.
Jump up ^ Cohen's pathways of the pulp. Hargreaves, Kenneth M.,, Berman, Louis H.,, Rotstein, Ilan, (Eleventh edition ed.). St. Louis, Mo. ISBN 9780323096355. OCLC 931533556. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hedge, Jayshree (2008). Prep Manual for Undergraduates: Endodontics. India: Reed Elsevier India Private Limited. p. 29. ISBN 978-81-312-1056-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Endodontic Diagnosis" (PDF). American Association of Endodontics. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis". doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004969.pub4.
Jump up ^ http://www.animated-teeth.com/root_canal/t1_root_canal.htm
External links[edit]
An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injury, C Yu, PV Abbott, Australian Dental Journal Supplement 2007;52:(1 Suppl):S4-S16 at https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023719/http://www.ada.org.au/app_cmslib/media/lib/0704/m70470_v1_633112728503963750.pdf
Guideline on Pulp Therapy for Primary and Immature Permanent Teeth, REFERENCE MANUAL V 34 / NO 6 12 / 13, 2009, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry at http://www.aapd.org/media/Policies_Guidelines/G_Pulp.pdf
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text:
Dear God (XTC song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Dear God"
1987 A-sided reissue cover
Single by XTC
A-side
"Grass"
Released
16 August 1986
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
1986
Length
3:34
Label
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Andy Partridge
Producer(s)
Todd Rundgren
XTC singles chronology
"The Meeting Place"
(1987) "Dear God"
(1986) "You're a Good Man Albert Brown (Curse You Red Barrel)"
(1987)
Audio sample
file
help
"Dear God" is a song written by Andy Partridge of the English rock band XTC, released as a non-album single with the A-side "Grass". The song was originally intended for Skylarking, but left off the album due to concerns from Partridge and the label. It was inspired by a series of books with the same title, seen by Partridge as exploitation of children. After college radio DJs across America picked up the song, Geffen Records recalled and repressed Skylarking with the track included.[1]
The music video for "Dear God", one of the first to be directed by photographer Nick Brandt, received the 1987 Billboard Best Video award and was also nominated for three categories at the MTV Video Music Awards.[2] In 2009 the song was ranked at No. 62 on VH1's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s.[3]
Contents
1 Background
2 Use in media
3 Cover versions
4 Chart positions
5 References
Background[edit]
"Dear God" did not appear on initial pressings of Skylarking, but was included as part of the album's original planned running order, which was sequenced by producer Todd Rundgren.[4] According to Partridge, the track had been left off the album because a Virgin Records executive was concerned about the album's length, and Partridge was advised that the song may upset American audiences; "I reluctantly agreed because I thought I hadn't written a strong enough take on religion. I thought I'd kind of failed."[5] Rundgren had a different recollection, and said that Partridge demanded that the song be pulled because "He was afraid that there would be repercussions personally for him for taking on such a thorny subject. ... What a pussy. ... I called them and said, 'This is a mistake.'"[6] The first verse and closing line are sung by eight-year-old Jasmine Veillette, the daughter of a friend of Rundgren. In the video a boy lip-syncs her vocals.[7]
The song's anti-religious lyrics inspired some violent incidents. In Florida, a radio station received a bomb threat, and in New York, a student forced their school to play the song over its public-address system by holding a faculty member at knife-point.[8] Nonetheless, the commercial success of "Dear God" propelled Skylarking to sell more than 250,000 units, and it raised the band's profile among American college youth.[1]
Use in media[edit]
2012: The Perks of Being a Wallflower
2015: A cover was used in the first trailer for Spotlight [1]
2017: It, iZombie
Cover versions[edit]
1995 – Sarah McLachlan, A Testimonial Dinner: The Songs of XTC[9]
Chart positions[edit]
Charts (1987)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart[10] 99
US Billboard Album Rock Chart[11] 37
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Ingham, Chris (March 1999). "XTC - 'Til Death Do Us Part". Mojo.
Jump up ^ Schabe, Patrick (5 May 2002). "XTC: A Coat of Many Cupboards". PopMatters.
Jump up ^ "{title}". Archived from the original on 2013-11-10. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
Jump up ^ Lyng, Eoghan (January 20, 2018). "Great Aspirations: Colin Moulding Talks". WeAreCult.
Jump up ^ Litton, Dave (March 22, 2016). "Andy Partridge Calls Todd Rundgren 'Bitchy' for Remarks About 'Dear God'". Ultimate Classic Rock.
Jump up ^ DeRiso, Nick (March 22, 2016). "Todd Rundgren Reignites Feud With XTC Over 'Skylarking'". Ultimate Classic Rock.
Jump up ^ Doug (17 February 2008). "Andy Partridge interview". Rundgren Radio. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Montez, Roqua (May 1989). "Student's song causes scare". Chalkhills.
Jump up ^ "Sarah McLachlan - Celebrity Atheist List". Celebatheists.com. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "XTC | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
Jump up ^ "XTC Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
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text:
The Pick of Destiny
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the film, see Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny.
The Pick of Destiny
The cover is a reference to the Michelangelo painting The Creation of Adam.
Soundtrack album by Tenacious D
Released
November 14, 2006
Recorded
March–July 2005 at The Dell and 606 Studio
Genre
Comedy rock
rock opera
acoustic rock
hard rock
heavy metal
Length
33:46
Label
Epic
Producer
John King
Tenacious D chronology
D Fun Pak
(2002)D Fun Pak2002 The Pick of Destiny
(2006) Rize of the Fenix
(2012)Rize of the Fenix2012
Singles from The Pick of Destiny
"POD"
Released: October 24, 2006
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
Metacritic 52/100[1]
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [2]
Blender [3]
Entertainment Weekly B+[4]
The Guardian [5]
IGN 8.4/10[6]
musicOMH [7]
Rolling Stone [8]
Slant Magazine [9]
Spin 5/10[10]
Sputnikmusic 4/5[11]
The Pick of Destiny is the second album by American comedy rock band Tenacious D, the soundtrack for their film of the same name. The album was released on November 14, 2006, through Epic Records, and debuted at number 8 on the Billboard 200.[12]
The Pick of Destiny is the band's first studio release in five years, following up their 2001 self-titled debut Tenacious D. The album was produced by the Dust Brothers' John King, and includes appearances by Meat Loaf, Ronnie James Dio, and Dave Grohl. Another album, More Rocktastic Music from the Film, contains the score music that the soundtrack excludes.
Contents
1 Details
2 Album art
3 Publicity
4 Track listing
5 Credits
6 Charts
6.1 Weekly
6.2 Year-end
7 References
8 External links
Details[edit]
In the absence of original comedy skits, there are excerpts of dialogue from the soundtrack's accompanying film between numerous songs. Portions of The Pick of Destiny were recorded at Dave Grohl's studio.[13] A clean version of the album was recorded.[14]
The album was released in three separate edits: a "dirty edit" comprising the full film versions, a "clean edit" with re-recorded vocals replacing foul language with non-sense words, and a limited edition[clarification needed]. All three versions contain clips from the movie, but some dialogue was re-recorded for the clean version. The special limited edition was released in a cardboard "old book case", which includes a digipack version of the album, a foldout poster depicting the D and Sasquatch, eight tarot cards from the film (Tenacious D, The Training, Destiny, Masterpiece, The Quest, The Divide, and Two Kings, as well as a card explaining the other cards), and a plastic replica of the Pick of Destiny. If the set was pre-ordered from the Tenacious D website, it also included a T-shirt.
Album art[edit]
The cover shows Black and Gass in the clouds, parodying Michelangelo's painting The Creation of Adam. In between the two's hands is the green guitar pick used in the movie to defeat the devil, whose arm is pictured below them, sticking out from the clouds trying to take the pick. The album was banned from K-Mart and Wal-Mart because of the satanic picture.[citation needed] Despite the actual CD not being stocked, Wal-Mart still carries the album sheet music book, movie poster and the 2014 re-release of the album on vinyl online, all of which carry exactly the same banned satanic picture.[citation needed]
Publicity[edit]
A short film entitled Time Fixers was used as a promotional tool on the iTunes website. The film starred Michael Keaton[15] and longtime collaborators JR Reed and Paul F. Tompkins. The first half of the film was available as a free download on iTunes while the second half could only be accessed after pre-ordering the album.[16]
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Kickapoo" (Featuring Meat Loaf and Ronnie James Dio) Jack Black, Kyle Gass, Liam Lynch 4:14
2. "Classico" Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Black, Gass 0:58
3. "Baby" Black, Gass 1:36
4. "Destiny" (extract from movie) Black, Gass 0:37
5. "History" Black, Gass 1:42
6. "The Government Totally Sucks" (Featuring JR Reed) Black, Gass 1:34
7. "Master Exploder" Black, Gass 2:24
8. "The Divide" (extract from movie) Black, Gass 0:22
9. "Papagenu (He's My Sassafrass)" (Featuring John C. Reilly) Black, Gass, John King 2:24
10. "Dude (I Totally Miss You)" Black, Gass 2:53
11. "Break In-City (Storm the Gate!)" Black, Gass, King, Lynch 1:22
12. "Car Chase City" (Featuring Paul F. Tompkins) Black, Gass, King, John Konesky, John Spiker 2:42
13. "Beelzeboss (The Final Showdown)" (Featuring Dave Grohl) Black, Gass, Dave Grohl, Lynch 5:35
14. "POD" Black, Gass 2:32
15. "The Metal" Black, Gass, Konesky 2:45
Total length: 33:40
Bonus tracks
No.
Title
Length
16. "Rock Your Socks" (Acoustic version, iTunes pre-order bonus track) 3:07
17. "Training Medley" (Digital Download available with Best Buy version, also available on "POD" single, and the Japanese version) 1:11
18. "Kong" (Japanese bonus track, also available on "POD" 7" single) 3:21
19. "It's Late" (Digital download bonus track available from the eight year re-issue vinyl MP3 download card) 1:34
Total length: 43:20
Credits[edit]
Tenacious D
Jack Black – lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Kyle Gass – backing vocals, acoustic and electric guitar, recorder on "Papagenu (He's My Sassafrass)"
Additional Musicians
Dave Grohl – drums, demon vocals on "Beelzeboss (The Final Showdown)"
John Spiker – bass guitar, backing vocals on "Car Chase City", clavinet on "Papagenu (He's My Sassafrass)"
John Konesky – electric guitar
Liam Lynch – additional guitar on "Beelzeboss (The Final Showdown)" and "Break In-City (Storm the Gate!)"
John King – drum programming on "Papagenu (He's My Sassafrass)"
Meat Loaf – guest vocals on "Kickapoo"
Ronnie James Dio – guest vocals on "Kickapoo"
Production
Produced by John King
Assistant engineers: Ed Cherney, Nick Raskulinecz, John Spiker, Brad Breeck
Recorded at The Dell and 606 Studio
Mixed by Ken Andrews
Mastered by Tom Baker at Precision Mastering
Orchestral arrangements by Andrew Gross, recorded at Sony Scoring Stage, engineered by Casey Stone
Baritone saxophone and piano on "Kickapoo" recorded at Capitol Studios, engineered by Casey Stone
Management: Sam
A&R: Matt Marshall
Music executive: Bob Bowen
Photography: Michael Ellins
Album packaging design by: Gregg Higggins/Michael Elins
Charts[edit]
Weekly[edit]
Chart (2006–07)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[17]
35
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[18]
64
Dutch Alternative Albums (MegaCharts)[19]
29
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[20]
47
Irish Albums (IRMA)[21]
9
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[22]
44
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[23]
82
UK Albums (OCC)[24]
10
UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC)[25]
2
UK Soundtrack Albums (OCC)[26]
2
US Billboard 200[27]
8
US Top Rock Albums (Billboard)[28]
1
Year-end[edit]
Chart (2007)
Position
US Billboard 200[29]
200
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Pick Of Destiny OST - Tenacious D". Metacritic. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen. "The Pick of Destiny - Tenacious D". AllMusic. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20071013090038/http://blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=4308. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved July 11, 2008. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Vozick-Levinson, Simon (2006-11-13). "The Pick of Destiny - Tenacious D". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ McLean, Craig (2006-11-12). "Tenacious D, The Pick of Destiny". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ Spence D. (2006-11-16). "Tenacious D - The Pick Of Destiny". IGN. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ Shepherd, Sam (2006-11-13). "Tenacious D - The Pick Of Destiny". musicOMH. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ Greene, Andy (2006-11-01). "The Pick of Destiny : Tenacious D : Review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2007-10-02. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
Jump up ^ Jones, Preston (2006-11-14). "Tenacious D: The Pick Of Destiny". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
Jump up ^ Marchese, David (2006-12-14). "Tenacious D, 'The Pick of Destiny' (Epic)". Spin. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
Jump up ^ Cruz, John (2006-11-14). "Tenacious D - The Pick of Destiny". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (2006-11-24). "The D is for 'Destiny'". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
Jump up ^ Dave Grohl: 'The Mojo Interview'
Jump up ^ Smith, Ethan (2006-10-27). "Can Jack Go Back?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
Jump up ^ Ketchum, Lucas (2006-11-17). "Tenacious D: "The Pick of Destiny"". Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Jonathan (2006-10-19). "Billboard Bits: Tenacious D, Gretchen Wilson, MerleFest". Retrieved 2008-02-09.
Jump up ^ "Australiancharts.com – Tenacious D – The Pick Of Destiny". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Tenacious D – The Pick Of Destiny" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tenacious D - The Pick Of Destiny" (in Dutch). MegaCharts. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Longplay-Chartverfolgung at Musicline" (in German). Musicline.de. Phononet GmbH. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Discography Tenacious D". Irish Charts Portal. Hung Median|accessdate=March 19, 2016
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Tenacious D – The Pick Of Destiny". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Tenacious D – The Pick Of Destiny". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tenacious D | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Rock & Metal Albums Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Soundtrack Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tenacious D Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tenacious D Chart History (Top Rock Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Billboard 200 Albums : Year End 2007". Billboard. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
External links[edit]
The Pick of Destiny at Metacritic
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Tenacious D
Jack Black
Kyle Gass
John Konesky
John Spiker
Scott Sevier
Studio albums
Tenacious D
The Pick of Destiny
Rize of the Fenix
Extended plays
D Fun Pak
Jazz
Singles
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"Wonderboy"
"POD"
Other songs
"Classico"
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Video albums
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Films
Tenacious D: Time Fixers
Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny
D Tour: A Tenacious Documentary
Concert tours
World Tour 2006–2007
World Tour 2012
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Discography
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TV series
More Rocktastic Music from the Film
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Trainwreck
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Pick_of_Destiny&oldid=847299019"
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