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Enabling Act of 1933
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Hitler's Reichstag speech promoting the bill was delivered at the Kroll Opera House, following the Reichstag fire.
The Enabling Act (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz) of 1933, formally titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich ("Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich").[1] was an amendment to the Weimar Constitution[citation needed] that gave the German Cabinet — in effect, Chancellor Adolf Hitler — the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag. The Enabling Act gave Hitler plenary powers and followed on the heels of the Reichstag Fire Decree, which had abolished most civil liberties and transferred state powers to the Reich government. The combined effect of the two laws was to transform Hitler's government into a legal dictatorship.
The act passed in both the Reichstag and Reichsrat on 23 March 1933,[2][3][4] and was signed by President Paul von Hindenburg later that day. The act stated that it was to last four years unless renewed by the Reichstag, which occurred twice.
The law was enacted by the Reichstag (meeting at the Kroll Opera House), where non-Nazi members were surrounded and threatened by members of SA and SS. The Communists had already been repressed and were not able to vote, and some Social Democrats were kept away as well. In the end, most of those present voted for the act, except for the Social Democrats, who voted against it.[5]
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Preparations and negotiations
2 Text
3 Passage
4 Consequences
5 Portrayal in films
6 References
Background[edit]
After being appointed chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, Hitler asked President von Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag. A general election was scheduled for 5 March 1933. A secret meeting was held between Hitler and 20 to 25 industrialists at the official residence of Hermann Göring in the Reichstag Presidential Palace aimed at financing the election campaign of the Nazi Party.[6][7]
The burning of the Reichstag, depicted by the Nazis as the beginning of a communist revolution, resulted in the presidential Reichstag Fire Decree, which among other things suspended freedom of press and habeas corpus rights just five days before the election. Hitler used the decree to have the Communist Party's offices raided and its representatives arrested, effectively eliminating them as a political force.
Although they received five million more votes than in the previous election, the Nazis failed to gain an absolute majority in parliament, and depended on the 8% of seats won by their coalition partner, the German National People's Party, to reach 52% in total.
To free himself from this dependency, Hitler had the cabinet, in its first post-election meeting on 15 March, draw up plans for an Enabling Act which would give the cabinet legislative power for four years. The Nazis devised the Enabling Act to gain complete political power without the need of the support of a majority in the Reichstag and without the need to bargain with their coalition partners.
Preparations and negotiations[edit]
The Enabling Act allowed the cabinet to enact legislation, including laws deviating from or altering the constitution, without the consent of the Reichstag. Because this law allowed for departures from the constitution, it was itself considered a constitutional amendment. Thus, its passage required the support of two-thirds of those deputies who were present and voting. A quorum of two-thirds of the entire Reichstag was required to be present in order to call up the bill.
The Social Democrats (SPD) and the Communists (KPD) were expected to vote against the Act. The government had already arrested all Communist and some Social Democrat deputies under the Reichstag Fire Decree. The Nazis expected the parties representing the middle class, the Junkers and business interests to vote for the measure, as they had grown weary of the instability of the Weimar Republic and would not dare to resist.
Hitler believed that with the Centre Party members' votes, he would get the necessary two-thirds majority. Hitler negotiated with the Centre Party's chairman, Ludwig Kaas, a Catholic priest, finalising an agreement by 22 March. Kaas agreed to support the Act in exchange for assurances of the Centre Party's continued existence, the protection of Catholics' civil and religious liberties, religious schools and the retention of civil servants affiliated with the Centre Party. It has also been suggested that some members of the SPD were intimidated by the presence of the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) throughout the proceedings.[8]
Some historians, such as Klaus Scholder, have maintained that Hitler also promised to negotiate a Reichskonkordat with the Holy See, a treaty that formalised the position of the Catholic Church in Germany on a national level. Kaas was a close associate of Cardinal Pacelli, then Vatican Secretary of State (and later Pope Pius XII). Pacelli had been pursuing a German concordat as a key policy for some years but the instability of Weimar governments as well as the enmity of some parties to such a treaty rendered the project moot.[9] The day after the Enabling Act vote, Kaas went to Rome in order to, in his own words, "investigate the possibilities for a comprehensive understanding between church and state".[10] However, so far no evidence for a link between the Enabling Act and the Reichskonkordat signed on 20 July 1933 has surfaced.
Text[edit]
As with most of the laws passed in the process of Gleichschaltung, the Enabling Act is quite short, especially considering its implications. The full text, in German[11] and English, follows:
Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich
Der Reichstag hat das folgende Gesetz beschlossen, das mit Zustimmung des Reichsrats hiermit verkündet wird, nachdem festgestellt ist, daß die Erfordernisse verfassungsändernder Gesetzgebung erfüllt sind: The Reichstag has enacted the following law, which is hereby proclaimed with the assent of the Reichsrat, it having been established that the requirements for a constitutional amendment have been fulfilled:
Artikel 1 Article 1
Reichsgesetze können außer in dem in der Reichsverfassung vorgesehenen Verfahren auch durch die Reichsregierung beschlossen werden. Dies gilt auch für die in den Artikeln 85 Abs. 2 und 87 der Reichsverfassung bezeichneten Gesetze. In addition to the procedure prescribed by the constitution, laws of the Reich may also be enacted by the government[12] of the Reich. This includes the laws referred to by Articles 85 Paragraph 2 and Article 87 of the constitution.[13]
Artikel 2 Article 2
Die von der Reichsregierung beschlossenen Reichsgesetze können von der Reichsverfassung abweichen, soweit sie nicht die Einrichtung des Reichstags und des Reichsrats als solche zum Gegenstand haben. Die Rechte des Reichspräsidenten bleiben unberührt. Laws enacted by the government of the Reich may deviate from the constitution as long as they do not affect the institutions of the Reichstag and the Reichsrat. The rights of the President remain unaffected.
Artikel 3 Article 3
Die von der Reichsregierung beschlossenen Reichsgesetze werden vom Reichskanzler ausgefertigt und im Reichsgesetzblatt verkündet. Sie treten, soweit sie nichts anderes bestimmen, mit dem auf die Verkündung folgenden Tage in Kraft. Die Artikel 68 bis 77 der Reichsverfassung finden auf die von der Reichsregierung beschlossenen Gesetze keine Anwendung. Laws enacted by the Reich government shall be issued by the Chancellor and announced in the Reich Gazette. They shall take effect on the day following the announcement, unless they prescribe a different date. Articles 68 to 77 of the Constitution do not apply to laws enacted by the Reich government.[14]
Artikel 4 Article 4
Verträge des Reiches mit fremden Staaten, die sich auf Gegenstände der Reichsgesetzgebung beziehen, bedürfen für die Dauer der Geltung dieser Gesetze nicht der Zustimmung der an der Gesetzgebung beteiligten Körperschaften. Die Reichsregierung erläßt die zur Durchführung dieser Verträge erforderlichen Vorschriften. Treaties of the Reich with foreign states, which relate to matters of Reich legislation, shall for the duration of the validity of these laws not require the consent of the legislative authorities. The Reich government shall enact the legislation necessary to implement these agreements.
Artikel 5 Article 5
Dieses Gesetz tritt mit dem Tage seiner Verkündung in Kraft. Es tritt mit dem 1. April 1937 außer Kraft; es tritt ferner außer Kraft, wenn die gegenwärtige Reichsregierung durch eine andere abgelöst wird. This law enters into force on the day of its proclamation. It expires on April 1, 1937; it expires furthermore if the present Reich government is replaced by another.
Articles 1 and 4 gave the government the right to draw up the budget and approve treaties without input from the Reichstag.
Act (page 1)
Act (page 2 with signatures)
Passage[edit]
Debate within the Centre Party continued until the day of the vote, 23 March 1933, with Kaas advocating voting in favour of the act, referring to an upcoming written guarantee from Hitler, while former Chancellor Heinrich Brüning called for a rejection of the Act. The majority sided with Kaas, and Brüning agreed to maintain party discipline by voting for the Act.[15]
The Reichstag, led by its President, Hermann Göring, changed its rules of procedure to make it easier to pass the bill. Under the Weimar Constitution, a quorum of two-thirds of the entire Reichstag membership was required to be present in order to bring up a constitutional amendment bill. In this case, 432 of the Reichstag's 647 deputies would have normally been required for a quorum. However, Göring reduced the quorum to 378 by not counting the 81 KPD deputies. Despite the virulent rhetoric directed against the Communists, the Nazis did not formally ban the KPD right away. Not only did they fear a violent uprising, but they hoped the KPD's presence on the ballot would siphon off votes from the SPD. However, it was an open secret that the KPD deputies would never be allowed to take their seats; they were thrown in jail as quickly as the police could track them down. Courts began taking the line that since the Communists were responsible for the fire, KPD membership was an act of treason. Thus, for all intents and purposes, the KPD was banned as of 6 March, the day after the election.[16]
Göring also declared that any deputy who was "absent without excuse" was to be considered as present, in order to overcome obstructions. Leaving nothing to chance, the Nazis used the provisions of the Reichstag Fire Decree to detain several SPD deputies. A few others saw the writing on the wall and fled into exile.
Later that day, the Reichstag assembled under intimidating circumstances, with SA men swarming inside and outside the chamber.[15] Hitler's speech, which emphasised the importance of Christianity in German culture,[17] was aimed particularly at appeasing the Centre Party's sensibilities and incorporated Kaas' requested guarantees almost verbatim. Kaas gave a speech, voicing the Centre's support for the bill amid "concerns put aside", while Brüning notably remained silent.
Only SPD chairman Otto Wels spoke against the Act, declaring that the proposed bill could not "destroy ideas which are eternal and indestructible." Kaas had still not received the written constitutional guarantees he had negotiated, but with the assurance it was being "typed up", voting began. Kaas never received the letter.[15][page needed]
At this stage, the majority of deputies already supported the bill, and any deputies who might have been reluctant to vote in favour were intimidated by the SA troops surrounding the meeting. In the end, all parties except the SPD voted in favour of the Enabling Act. With the KPD banned and 26 SPD deputies arrested or in hiding, the final tally was 444 in favour of the Enabling Act against 94 (all Social Democrats) opposed. The Reichstag had adopted the Enabling Act with the support of 83% of the deputies. If all SPD deputies had been present, it would have still passed with 78.7% support. The same day in the evening, the Reichsrat also gave its approval, unanimously and without prior discussion.[18] The Act was then signed into law by President Hindenburg.
Consequences[edit]
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Under the Act, the government had acquired the authority to pass laws without either parliamentary consent or control. These laws could (with certain exceptions) even deviate from the Constitution. The Act effectively eliminated the Reichstag as active players in German politics. While its existence was protected by the Enabling Act, for all intents and purposes it reduced the Reichstag to a mere stage for Hitler's speeches. It only met sporadically until the end of World War II, held no debates and enacted only a few laws. Within three months of the passage of the Enabling Act, all parties except the Nazi Party were banned or pressured into dissolving themselves, followed on 14 July by a law that made the Nazi Party the only legally permitted party in the country. With this, Hitler had fulfilled what he had promised in earlier campaign speeches: "I set for myself one aim ... to sweep these thirty parties out of Germany!"[19]
During the negotiations between the government and the political parties, it was agreed that the government should inform the Reichstag parties of legislative measures passed under the Enabling Act. For this purpose, a working committee was set up, co-chaired by Hitler and Centre Party chairman Kaas. However, this committee met only three times without any major impact, and rapidly became a dead letter even before all other parties were banned.
Though the Act had formally given legislative powers to the government as a whole, these powers were for all intents and purposes exercised by Hitler himself. After its passage, there were no longer serious deliberations in Cabinet meetings. Its meetings became more and more infrequent after 1934, and it never met in full after 1938.
Due to the great care that Hitler took to give his dictatorship an appearance of legality, the Enabling Act was renewed twice, in 1937 and 1941. However, its renewal was practically assured since all other parties were banned. Voters were presented with a single list of Nazis and Nazi-approved "guest" candidates under far-from-secret conditions. In 1942, the Reichstag passed a law giving Hitler power of life and death over every citizen, effectively extending the provisions of the Enabling Act for the duration of the war.[20]
Ironically, two, and possibly three, of the penultimate measures Hitler took to consolidate his power in 1934 violated the Enabling Act. In February 1934, the Reichsrat, representing the states, was abolished even though Article 2 of the Enabling Act specifically protected the existence of both the Reichstag and the Reichsrat. It can be argued that the Enabling Act had been breached two weeks earlier by the Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich, which transferred the states' powers to the Reich and effectively left the Reichsrat impotent. Article 2 stated that laws passed under the Enabling Act could not affect the institutions of either chamber. In August, Hindenburg died, and Hitler seized the president's powers for himself in accordance with a law passed the previous day. Article 2 stated that the president's powers were to remain "undisturbed," which has long been interpreted to mean that it forbade Hitler from tampering with the presidency. A 1932 amendment to the constitution made the president of the High Court of Justice, not the chancellor, first in the line of succession to the presidency—and even then on an interim basis pending new elections.[15] However, the Enabling Act provided no remedy for any violations of Article 2, and these actions were never challenged in court.
British historian Richard J. Evans in his book, The Coming of the Third Reich, argued that the Enabling Act may have been invalid. He contended that Göring's refusal to even acknowledge the Communist seats for the purposes of a quorum was an "illegal act." (It should be noted that even if the Communists had been present and voting, the Act would have still passed with, at the very least, 68.7 percent support.) He also argued that the act's passage in the Reichsrat was tainted by the overthrow of the state governments.[16]
Portrayal in films[edit]
The film Hitler: The Rise of Evil contains a scene portraying the passage of the Enabling Act. The portrayal in the film is inaccurate, with the provisions of the Reichstag Fire Decree (which in practice, as the name states, was a decree issued by President Hindenburg weeks before the Enabling Act) merged into the Act. Non-Nazi members of the Reichstag, including Vice-Chancellor von Papen, are shown objecting. In reality the Act met little resistance, with only the centre-left Social Democratic Party voting against passage.
The same film also shows Hermann Göring, the then speaker of the house, begin singing "Deutschlandlied". Nazi representatives then stand and immediately join in with Göring; bizarrely, all other party members join in too, with everyone performing the Hitler salute. In reality, this never happened.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rabinbach, Anson; Gilman, Sander L. (2013). The Third Reich Sourcebook. p. 52. ISBN 0520276833.
Jump up ^ "The Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act of March 23, 1933 | Britannica Blog". blogs.britannica.com. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
Jump up ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "The law that 'enabled' Hitler's dictatorship | Germany | DW.COM | 23.03.2013". DW.COM. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
Jump up ^ Mason, K. J. Republic to Reich: A History of Germany 1918-1945. McGraw-Hill.
Jump up ^ Kitson, Alison. Germany, 1858-1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival, pages 153-154 (Oxford U. Press 2001).
Jump up ^ Daniela Kahn (2006). Die Steurung der Wirtschaft durch Recht im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland. Das Beispiel der Reichsgruppe Industrie. ISBN 978-3-465-04012-5.
Jump up ^ Rüdiger Jungbluth (2002). Die Quandts. Ihr leiser Aufstieg zur mächtigsten Wirtschaftsdynastie Deutschlands. ISBN 3-593-36940-0.
Jump up ^ Martin Collier, From Kaiser to Fuhrer: Germany, 1900-45, p131
Jump up ^ Klaus Scholder "The Churches and the Third Reich" volume 1 pp 160-1
Jump up ^ Letter from Kaas to von Bergen, German ambassador to the Vatican, translation quoted in Scholder, p. 247
Jump up ^ Uwe Brodersen, Gesetze des NS-Staates, p. 22
Jump up ^ The word government, as used here, means just the chancellor and the cabinet, comparable to the usage of the word in the United Kingdom, and not the entire national government as it is used in the United States.
Jump up ^ Article 85 outlined the process by which the Reichstag and Reichsrat approved the Reich budget. Article 87 restricted government borrowing.
Jump up ^ Articles 68 to 77 stipulated the procedures for enacting legislation in the Reichstag.
^ Jump up to: a b c d William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Touchstone Edition, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990
^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York City: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0141009759.
Jump up ^ "Adolf Hitler: Compromises with Atheism Destroy Religious, Ethical Values". about.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Wheaton, Eliot Barculo (1968). The Nazi Revolution 1933-35. p. 269.
Jump up ^ Nationalbibliothek, Österreichische. "ÖNB-ALEX - Deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I 1867-1945". alex.onb.ac.at. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
Jump up ^ "HITLER SEIZES LIFE AND DEATH RULE OF NAZIS (April 27, 1942)". Retrieved 2016-10-14.
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EuroMillions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Participating countries in EuroMillions:
original countries (February 2004)
other countries (October 2004)
EuroMillions tickets
EuroMillions is a transnational lottery requiring 7 correct numbers to win the jackpot [1]. It was launched on 7 February 2004 by France's Française des Jeux, Spain's Loterías y Apuestas del Estado and the United Kingdom's Camelot. The first draw was held on Friday 13 February 2004 in Paris. Initially, only the UK, France and Spain participated, with the Austrian, Belgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Portuguese and Swiss lotteries joining for the 8 October 2004 drawing.
Draws are held every Tuesday and Friday night at 20:45 CET[2] in Paris. A standard EuroMillions ticket costs €2.50, £2.50 or CHF3.50 per line played, depending on the local currency. An option called Plus is currently available only in Ireland, adds €1.00 per line; as of February 2014, a non-optional addition called "My Million" in France adds €0.50 per line, while in Portugal it's called "M1lhão" and represents €0.30 of the whole €2.50 bet. The cost of playing in the UK increased from £1.50 to £2.00 per line on 7 November 2009, due to the combination of the EUR/GBP exchange rate, and an automatic entry in its Millionaire Raffle. From 24 September 2016 the cost per line increased from £2.00 to £2.50 in the UK.
From September 24, 2016 the amount of lucky stars changed from a pool of 11 to a pool of 12 numbers. Decreasing the jackpot winning odds from 1:117million to 1:140million.
From September 24, 2016 the cost of entry in Ireland and Spain rose to €2.50 per line.
All prizes, including the jackpot, are tax-free (except in Switzerland, Spain and Portugal since 2013) and are paid as a lump sum.
Contents
[hide]
1 Play
2 Eligibility
3 Prize structure
4 EuroMillions Trust
5 Super Draws and Event draws
6 Distribution of revenue
7 Email scams making use of EuroMillions brand name
8 EuroMillions Plus (Ireland only)
9 UK Millionaire Maker
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Play[edit]
The player selects five main numbers which can be any number from 1 to 50.
The player selects two different lucky star numbers from a pool of 12 numbers.
Draws take place at 20:45 every Tuesday and Friday in Paris. The results are published shortly after the draw on associated and independent websites around 23:00 hours.
To participate in the EuroMillions Lotto, tickets can be purchased from many outlets, namely at licensed stores and online websites.
The gameplay changed on Tuesday 10 May 2011 with a second weekly draw and the number of "lucky stars" in the Pacquerette machine increasing from 9 to 11. A prize for matching two main numbers and no lucky stars was also introduced on the same date.
On Saturday 24 September 2016 the number of "lucky stars" increased again, from 11 to 12.
Eligibility[edit]
According to the Euromillions rules page, no restriction on nationality of buyer exists. Tourists/ Non-residents are eligible to participate in the EuroMillions lottery as long as they aged 18 or over. The minimum age differs in some countries, e.g. it is 16 years in the UK.[3]
The game is currently available to players in Andorra, Austria, Belgium, France (including overseas regions and collectivities), Ireland, the Isle of Man, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Prize structure[edit]
As of 24 September 2016 the structure of the draw was changed, with the Lucky Star being drawn from a pool of 12 numbers instead of the old 11. The prize structure as of Tuesday 27 September 2016 is as follows:
Main
numbers
Lucky
stars
Probability of winning (a)
% of prize fund (b)
Expected winnings (€)
Expected winnings (£)[4]
Fraction
%
2 0 1 in 22 4.57% 18.25% €4 £3.30
2 1 1 in 49 2.03% 14.85% €8 £6.00
1 2 1 in 188 0.53% 4.95% €10 £7.60
3 0 1 in 314 0.32% 3.50% €12 £9.00
3 1 1 in 706 0.14% 1.85% €14 £10.70
2 2 1 in 985 0.10% 1.75% €19 £14.20
4 0 1 in 13,811 0.0072% 0.38% €58 £43.30
3 2 1 in 14,125 0.0071% 0.67% €104 £78.00
4 1 1 in 31,075 0.0032% 0.48% €164 £123.00
4 2 1 in 621,503 0.00016% 0.45% €3,076 £2,307.30
5 0 1 in 3,107,515 0.000032% 0.92% €31,448 £23,586.00
5 1 1 in 6,991,908 0.000014% 3.95% €303,798 £227,848.80
5 2 1 in 139,838,160 0.00000072% 43.2% or 27% (X) Jackpot Jackpot
Booster fund 4.8% or 21% (X)
Overall 1 in 13 7.71% 100% €14 £10.70
The booster fund is available to contribute to the jackpot, for example to boost the initial jackpot in a sequence of growing jackpots. The amount utilized each week is determined in advance by the participating lotteries.
(a) per entry
(b) prize fund = 50% of sales main draw
(b) sales main draw = €2.20 in pounds sterling per entry (exchange rate!) times number of entries
(X) draw 1 to 6: 43.2% + 4.8% & draw 7 (or higher): 27% + 21%
expected winnings (£) exchange rate: €1.00 = £0.75
The odds of winning any prize at all are 1 in 13
The odds of getting none of the 50 main balls but getting both lucky stars is approximately 1 in 115. This means that it is less likely than getting 2 main balls and one lucky star (1 in 49). However, there is no prize for only getting 2 lucky stars.
The figures for the estimated prize are just a guide, and the actual amount varies according to the total in the prize fund and the number of winners for each prize. (Estimated prizes as per reverse of UK playslip)
If the Jackpot is not won, it rolls over to the next draw.
Effective 7 November 2009 new rules were put in place regarding rollovers.[5]
The new rules introduce the Jackpot Pool Cap. The jackpot will continue to rollover until the Jackpot reaches or exceeds €185,000,000, the Jackpot will remain at €185,000,000 and any additional prize money rolled over will be added to the jackpot pool for the next lower prize level containing at least one winner (5 main numbers + 1 Lucky Star or possibly even just five main numbers).
After winning the Jackpot with a Jackpot Pool Cap, the Jackpot Pool Cap grows by €5,000,000. (In other words, after the capped Jackpot of €185,000,000 is won, the next Jackpot Pool Cap is €190,000,000, then the next time €195,000,000 etc.)
If the €190,000,000 Jackpot is still not won, the Jackpot will continue to be €190,000,000 for the next draw if it is won, and again any additional prize money will be added to the jackpot pool for the next lower prize level containing at least one winner.
A new rule change of 12 January 2012 locks the Jackpot cap at €190,000,000 permanently and if the jackpot is not won after two draws, the prize money will be distributed amongst the winners at the next level. A new rule change of 24 September 2016: if the jackpot is not won after five draws, the prize money will be distributed amongst the winners at the next level.
EuroMillions Trust[edit]
The participating national lotteries in the EuroMillions game have each established a EuroMillions Trust account. This is used for the settlement of all amounts due and for holding amounts in respect of future prizes. This trust arrangement protects the participating lotteries between them from a default from one of the national companies and ultimately the players' interests. EuroMillions is the largest euro lottery, its history of creation is dated back to the distant year of 1994 when several EU countries first had the idea of launching a multi-European lottery[citation needed].
Super Draws and Event draws[edit]
Super Draws and Event draws are special drawings when the Jackpot is set to a guaranteed amount - often €100,000,000. The difference being that a Super Draw jackpot will roll over to the next drawing if not won but an Event Draw jackpot will be distributed amongst the winners in the next lower tier (i.e. match 5 + 1). So far there has not been an event draw, until now, jackpots in a Super Draw have rolled over to the next drawing if not won
The first Super draw of 2011 took place on Tuesday 10 May to mark the introduction of the second weekly Euromillions draw and changes to the game format (11 lucky stars instead of 9 and a new "match 2 main numbers and no lucky stars" prize tier).
The first Super draw of 2016 took place on Friday 30 September to introduce the change to the game format (12 lucky stars instead of 11 and increased price).
Super draws have been held to date on
9 February 2007 (€100 million);
28 September 2007 (€130 million);
8 February 2008 (€130 million);
26 September 2008 (€130 million);
6 March 2009 (€100 million);
18 September 2009 (€100 million);
5 February 2010 (€100 million);
1 October 2010 (€100 million);
10 May 2011 (€100 million);
4 October 2011 (€100 million);
28 September 2012 (€100 million);
22 March 2013 (€100 million);
7 June 2013 (€100 million);
15 November 2013 (€100 million);
7 March 2014 (€100 million);
3 October 2014 (€100 million);
6 March 2015 (€100 million);
5 June 2015 (€100 million);
6 November 2015 (€100 million);
30 September 2016 (€130 million);
30 June 2017 (€100 million);
15 September 2017 (€130 million).
20 April 2018 (€130 million).
(A €100,000,000 Super draw was planned for 6 June 2014 but was cancelled when the jackpot rolled over to €105,000,000[6]).
(This is a change to the game rules[7] as of 4 April 2011 when the Event Draw was added.)
Distribution of revenue[edit]
In the UK, the total EuroMillions revenue is broken down as follows:[8]
Breakdown of UK EuroMillions revenue
0.5% in profit to Camelot
4.5% in operating costs
5% in commission to the retailers.
12% to the UK Government (Lottery Duty)
28% for the "Good Causes"
50% to winners
Email scams making use of EuroMillions brand name[edit]
When Chris and Colin Weir, one couple who won the EuroMillions, pledged to donate their prize money to good causes,[9] cyber criminals started using the couple's name in their email scams to fool the general public and ultimately cheat them of money.[10] [11]
EuroMillions Plus (Ireland only)[edit]
In June 2007, with the success of the main EuroMillions game, the Irish National Lottery launched EuroMillions Plus. For an extra €1 per line, players could enter the additional draw with the top prize each week of €500,000. Sales of the main EuroMillions in Ireland for 2006 were over €145 million; this success led to the introduction of 'Plus'.
UK Millionaire Maker[edit]
Since November 2009 at least one UK player every week has won a guaranteed £1,000,000. With the introduction of the Tuesday EuroMillions Draw on Tuesday 10 May 2011 there were 2 Millionaire Raffle winners each week. The latest changes to Euromillions in September 2016 now mean that two guaranteed Millionaire Raffle winners are made per draw, or 4 per week across the two draws.
According to the Euromillions website, the chances of winning the UK Millionaire Maker game on a Tuesday can be estimated as 1 in 1,900,000 but can shrink to 1 in 2,250,000 in the events of rollovers. On a Friday, it can be calculated as 1 in 2,950,000 but again the odds can fall to 1 in 3,400,000 in the events of a 4 times rollover. Winning in this game depends entirely on the number of the playslips sold so the odds fluctuate. The odds may also fluctuate during a super draw or a special event in the UK Millionaire Raffle.
Prices per line in the UK increased by 50p to £2.00. The 50p was added due to weak exchange rates between the pound and the euro and to cover the expense of the new Millionaire Maker. On 24 September 2016 the price per line in the UK was increased by an additional 50p to £2.50.
See also[edit]
Eurojackpot - a similar transnational lottery in Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
Lottery
Vikinglotto - a similar transnational lottery in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Slovenia.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Paragraph 7.1 (Translation: "The draws for the Euro Millions game take place on Tuesday and Friday evenings at the time specified by the organisers of the game, which is around 21:45 (CET), Paris time.")
Jump up ^ "Home". The National Lottery. 11 September 2012. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Players' Guide to EuroMillions". National Lottery. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "EuroMillions Interactive Game Procedures". The National Lottery. 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "EuroMillions draw: lottery postponed after jackpot naturally passes €100 million mark after rollovers and strong ticket sales". The Independent. 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "EuroMillions Game Procedures". The National Lottery. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Correspondence with help at national-lottery.co.uk, 8 November 2007.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - Lottery win: Euromillions couple are 'tickled pink'". BBC News. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Slay Hoax: Chris and Colin Weir Email Scam". Retrieved 4 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Internet fraudsters pose as lotto millionaires Colin and Chris Weir - Daily Record". Retrieved 4 June 2014.
External links[edit]
UK National Lottery
Irish National Lottery
Belgium National Lottery
Portugal National Lottery
Spain National Lottery
Swiss Lottery
Austrian National Lottery
Luxembourg National Lottery
French National Lottery
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EuroMillions&oldid=837709139"
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