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List of proverbial phrases
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This is an alphabetical list of widely used and repeated proverbial phrases. Whenever known, the origin of the phrase or proverb is noted. The majority of these phrases can be found at one of the following resources:[clarification needed][1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
A proverbial phrase or a proverbial expression is type of a conventional saying similar to proverbs and transmitted by oral tradition. The difference is that a proverb is a fixed expression, while a proverbial phrase permits alterations to fit the grammar of the context.[10][11]
In 1768, John Ray defined a proverbial phrase as:
A proverb [or proverbial phrase] is usually defined, an instructive sentence, or common and pithy saying, in which more is generally designed than expressed, famous for its peculiarity or elegance, and therefore adapted by the learned as well as the vulgar, by which it is distinguished from counterfeits which want such authority
—  John Ray, A Compleat Collection of English Proverbs, 1798[12]
Contents:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
References
A[edit]
Phrases beginning with the article "A" should be sought alphabetically under the first letter of the second word.
A bad excuse is better than none
A bad penny always turns up
A bad workman blames his tools.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
A cat may look at a king
A chain is only as strong as its weakest link
A dog is a man's best friend.
A fool and his money are soon parted[13]
A friend in need (is a friend indeed)
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
A little learning is a dangerous thing
A leopard cannot change its spots.
A mill cannot grind with the water that is past.
A miss is as good as a mile
A new language is a new life. Persian proverb[14]
A penny saved is a penny earned.
A picture is worth a thousand words
A rising tide lifts all boats
A rolling stone gathers no moss
A stitch in time (saves nine)
A watched man never plays
A watched pot/kettle never boils
Absence makes the heart grow fonder[1]
Absolute power corrupts absolutely. John Dalberg-Acton, 1887[1][15]
Accidents will happen (in the best-regulated families).[1]
Actions speak louder than words.[1][8]
Adversity makes strange bedfellows[1]
All good things come to he who waits[1]
All good things must come to an end[1][8]
All hands on deck/to the pump
All is grist that comes to the mill[1]
All roads lead to Rome,[1][8]
All that glitters/glistens is not gold,[1][8]
All the world loves a lover[1]
All things come to those who wait[1]
All things must pass[1]
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy[1][8]
All you need is love[1]
All is fair in love and war[1]
All is for the best in the best of all possible worlds[1]
All is well that ends well[1]
An apple a day keeps the doctor away[1]
An army marches on its stomach. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), Emperor of France[16]
An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.[17] Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), leader of the Indian independence movement
An Englishman's home is his castle/A man's home is his castle[1]
Another day, another dollar.
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure[1]
Any port in a storm[1][8]
Any publicity is good publicity[1]
April showers bring forth May flowers,[1][8]
As you make your bed, so you must lie upon it[1]
As you sow so shall you reap[1]
Ask a silly question and you will get a silly answer[1]
Ask my companion if I be a thief[8]
Ask no questions and hear no lies[1]
Attack is the best form of defense[1]
B[edit]
Bad news travels fast[1]
Barking dogs seldom bite,[1][8]
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder[1]
Beauty is only skin deep[1][8]
Beggars cannot be choosers[1][8]
Behind every great man, there is a great woman[1]
Better late than never[1]
Better safe than sorry[1]
Better the Devil you know (than the Devil you do not)[1]
Better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all[1]
Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness[1]
Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak and remove all doubt[1]
Better wear out than rust out.[8]
Beware of Greeks bearing gifts. Trojan War, Virgil in the Aeneid[18]
Big fish eat little fish[1]
Birds of a feather (flock together)[1]
Blood (of the covenant) is thicker than water (of the womb).[19]
Born with a silver spoon in your mouth
Boys will be boys[1]
Brevity is the soul of wit (Shakespeare),[1][8]
Business before pleasure[1]
C[edit]
Caesar's wife must be above suspicion[1]
Careless talk costs lives
Charity begins at home[1]
Cheats never prosper[1]
Cheese, wine, and friends must be old to be good.
Children should be seen and not heard[1]
Christmas comes but once a year[8]
Cleanliness is next to godliness[1]
Clothes make the man[1]
Coffee and love taste best when hot. Ethiopian proverb
Cold hands, warm heart[1]
Comparisons are odious[1]
Count your blessings[1]
Courage is the measure of a Man, Beauty is the measure of a Woman[1]
Cowards may die many times before their death[1]
Crime does not pay[1]
Cut your coat according to your cloth[1][8]
Curiosity killed the cat[20]
D[edit]
Dead men tell no tales[1]
Devil take the hindmost[1]
Discretion is the better part of valour[1]
Do as I say, not as I do[1]
Do as you would be done by[1]
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you[1]
Do not bite the hand that feeds you[1]
Do not burn your bridges behind you[1]
Do not cast your pearls before swine[1]
Do not cry over spilled milk
Do not change horses in midstream[1]
Do not count your chickens before they are hatched[1]
Do not cross the bridge till you come to it[1]
Do not cut off your nose to spite your face[1]
Do not fish for a shark with your hands, fish for hands with a shark.
Do not judge a book by its cover[1]
Do not keep a dog and bark yourself[1]
Do not let the bastards grind you down
Do not let the grass grow beneath (one's) feet
Do not look a gift horse in the mouth[1]
Do not make a mountain of a mole hill
Do not meet troubles half-way[1]
Do not put all your eggs in one basket[1]
Do not put the cart before the horse[1]
Do not put too many irons in the fire
Do not put new wine into old bottles[1]
Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today
Do not rock the boat[1]
Do not shut/lock the stable door after the horse has bolted
Do not spend it all in one place
Do not spoil the ship for a ha'porth of tar[1]
Do not throw pearls to swine[1]
Do not teach your Grandmother to suck eggs[1]
Do not throw the baby out with the bathwater[1]
Do not try to walk before you can crawl[1]
Do not upset the apple-cart[1]
Do not wash your dirty linen in public[1]
Do not sympathize with those who can not empathize
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Often referred to as the Golden Rule
Doubt is the beginning, not the end, of wisdom[1]
E[edit]
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise[1][8]. Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), polymath and Founding Father of the United States
Easier said than done
East is east, and west is west (and never the twain shall meet)[1]
East, west, home is best,[1][8]
Easy come, easy go[1]
Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper
Eat, drink and be merry, (for tomorrow we die)[1]
Empty vessels make the most noise[1]
Enough is as good as a feast[1]
Even a worm will turn[1]
Even from a foe a man may learn wisdom.
Every cloud has a silver lining[1]
Every dog has his day[1]
Every Jack has his Jill[1]
Every little bit helps[1]
Every man for himself (, and the Devil take the hindmost)[1]
Every man has his price[1]
Every picture tells a story[1]
Every stick has two ends[1]
Everybody wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die[1]
Everyone has their price
Everything comes to those who wait[8]
Every tide has its ebb
F[edit]
Failing to plan is planning to fail[1]
Faint heart never won fair lady (Scott),[1][8]
Fair exchange is no robbery[1]
Faith will move mountains[1]
Fall seven times, stand up eight.
False friends are worse than open enemies.
Fake it til' you make it.
Familiarity breeds contempt[1]
Feed a cold and starve a fever[1]
Fight fire with fire[1]
Fine feathers make fine birds
Finders keepers (, losers weepers)[1]
Fine words butter no parsnips[1]
First come, first served[1]
First impressions are the most lasting[1]
First things first[1]
Fish always stinks from the head downwards[1]
Fish and guests smell after three days[1]
Flattery will get you nowhere[1]
Fools rush in (where angels fear to tread)[1]
For want of a nail the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the man was lost[1]
Forewarned is forearmed[1]
Fortune favours the bold/brave[1]
Free is for me[1]
Fretting cares make grey hair
From the sublime to the ridiculous (is only a step)
G[edit]
Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains[1]
Give a dog a bad name and hang him[1]
Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime
Give a man rope enough and he will hang himself[1]
Give credit where credit is due[1]
Give him an inch and he will take a mile[8]
Give the devil his/her due
God helps those who help themselves[1]
Good fences make good neighbours[1]
Good talk saves the food[1]
Good things come to those who wait[1]
Great minds think alike[1][8]
H[edit]
Half a loaf is better than no bread[1]
Handsome is as handsome does[1]
Hard cases make bad law[1]
Hard work never did anyone any harm[1]
Haste makes waste[1]
He that goes a-borrowing, goes a-sorrowing[1]
He who can, does; he who cannot, teaches[1]
He who hesitates is lost[1]
He who laughs last laughs longest[1]
He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword[1]
He who loves the world as his body may be entrusted with the empire. Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher (604 BC – c. 531 BC)[21]
He who makes a beast out of himself gets rid of the pain of being a man[1]
He who pays the piper calls the tune[1]
He who knows does not speak. He who speaks does not know. Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher (604 BC – c. 531 BC)[21]
He who sups with the Devil should have a long spoon[1]
Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned[1]
Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd,
Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman scorn'd.
William Congreve, The Mourning Bride, Act III scene viii
Hindsight is always twenty-twenty[1]
History repeats itself[1]
Home is where the heart is[1]
Honesty is the best policy[1]
Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst.
Hope springs eternal[1]
Horses for courses[1]
Hunger never knows the taste, sleep never knows the comfort[1]
History repeats itself, and it does not care what it repeats
I[edit]
If anything can go wrong, it will[1]. Also referred to as Murphy's Law
If a job is worth doing, it is worth doing well[1]
If at first you do not succeed, try, try again[1]
If God had meant us to fly, he would have given us wings[1]
If ifs and ands were pots and pans, there would be no work for tinkers[1]
If it ain't broke, don't fix it.
If it were not for hope the heart would break.
If it were a snake, it would have bit you.
If the shoe fits, wear it[1]
If the mountain will not come to Mohammed, then Mohammed must go to the mountain[1]
If wealth is lost, nothing is lost. If health is lost, something is lost. If character is lost, everything is lost.[1]
If wishes were horses, beggars would ride[1]
If you're growing in Age, then you're nearing to the Graveyard[1]
If you cannot be good, be careful[1]
If you cannot beat them, join them[1]
If you cannot live longer, live deeper.
If you cannot stand the heat, get out of the kitchen[1]
If you give a mouse a cookie, he'll always ask for a glass of milk[1]
If you think that you know everything, then you're a Jack ass[1]
If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas[1]
If you pay peanuts, you get monkeys[1]
If you play with fire, you will get burned.
If you steal from one author, it is plagiarism; if you steal from many, it is research. Wilson Mizner (1876–1933), American writer and entrepreneur[22]
If you want a thing done well, do it yourself[1]
If you have never seen the bottom of the tree, you cannot know how tall it stands[1]
If you must dance with the Devil, you might as well know his favorite song. (H. Anthony Ribadeneira)[1]
If you've got it, flaunt it
Ignorance is bliss
Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery[1]
In for a penny, in for a pound[1]
In the kingdom of the blind, the one eyed man is king[1]
In the midst of life, we are in death[1]
Into every life a little rain must fall[1]
It ain't over till/until it's over
It ain't over till the fat lady sings
It goes without saying[1]
It is a small world
It is all grist to the mill[1]
It is an ill wind (that blows no one any good)[1]
It is best to be on the safe side[1]
It is better to be smarter than you appear than to appear smarter than you are.
It is better to give than to receive[1]
It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all[1]
It is better to cultivate a Land with two Bulls, rather working under Boss who never gives Wage when asked[1]
It is better to light a candle than curse the darkness[1]
It is better to travel hopefully than to arrive[1]
It is easy to be wise after the event[1]
It is like juggling sand (Ian Murray)[1]
It is never too late[1]
It is no use crying over spilt milk[1]
It is no use locking the stable door after the horse has bolted[1]
It is not enough to learn how to ride, you must also learn how to fall.
It is on[1]
It is the early bird that gets the worm[1]
It is the empty can that makes the most noise[1]
It is the squeaky wheel that gets the grease[1]
It needs a Hundred Lies to cover a Single Lie[1]
It never rains but it pours[1]
It takes a thief to catch a thief[1]
It takes a whole village to raise a child
It takes all sorts to make a world[1]
It takes one to know one[1]
It takes two to tango[1]
I'm going to have to give you the pink slip[1]
It will come back and haunt you[1]
It will be the same a hundred years hence.
J[edit]
Jack of all trades, master of none
Jack of all trades, master of one
Jack of all trades, master of some
Judge not, that ye be not judged
K[edit]
Keep your chin up[23]
Keep your friends close and your enemies closer.
Keep your powder dry. Valentine Blacker, 1834 from Oliver's Advice[24]
Kill the chicken to scare the monkey
Kill the goose that lays the golden egg(s).
Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates love. Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher (604 BC – c. 531 BC)[21]
Knock on/touch wood
Know which side (one's) bread is buttered (on)
Knowledge is power, guard it well.
L[edit]
Laugh before breakfast, cry before supper.
Laugh and the world laughs with you, weep and you weep alone[1]
Laughter is the best medicine[1]
Late lunch makes day go faster.
Learn a language, and you will avoid a war. Arab proverb[14]
Least said, soonest mended[1]
Less is more[1]
Let bygones be bygones[1]
Let not the sun go down on your wrath[1]
Let sleeping dogs lie[1]
Let the buyer beware[1]
Let the cat out of the bag[25]
Let the dead bury the dead (N.T.)[1]
Let the punishment fit the crime[1]
Let well alone[1]
Let your hair down.
Life begins at forty[1]
Life is too short not to do something that matters.
Life is not all beer and skittles[1]
Life is what you make it[1]
Lightning never strikes twice in the same place[1]
Like father, like son[1][8]
Little pitchers have big ears[1]
Little strokes fell great oaks[1]
Little things please little minds[1]
Live and let live
Live for today, for tomorrow never comes[1]
Live to fight another day[1]
Loose lips sink ships
Look before you leap[1]
Love is blind. The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act II, Scene 1 (1591)[1]
Love of money is the root of all kinds of evil.[26]
Love makes the world go around[1]
Love will find a way[1]
M[edit]
Make hay while the sun shines[1]
Make love not war[1]
Man does not live by bread alone[1]
Manners maketh man[1]
Many a little makes a mickle[1]
Many a mickle makes a muckle[1]
Many a true word is spoken in jest[1]
Many hands make light work[1]
March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb[1]
Marriages are made in heaven[1][1]
Marry in haste, repent at leisure[8]
Memory is the treasure of the mind
Men get spoiled by staying, Women get spoiled by wandering[8]
Might is right[8]
Might makes right
Mighty oaks from little acorns grow[1]
Milking the bull
Misery loves company[1]
Moderation in all things[1]
Monday's child is fair of face, Tuesday's child is full of grace, Wednesday's child is full of woe, Thursday's child has far to go, Friday's child is loving and giving, Saturday's child works hard for its living, and a child that is born on the Sabbath day is fair and wise and good and gay.[1]
Money does not grow on trees[1]
Money earned by deceit, goes by deceit[1]
Money is not everything[1]
Money makes the world go around[1]
Money talks[1]
Money makes many things, but also makes devil dance[1]
More haste, less speed[1]
Mud sticks
Music has charms to soothe the savage breast[1]
N[edit]
Nature abhors a vacuum,[1][8]
Necessity is the mother of invention[1]
Needs must when the devil drives[1]
Never cast a clout until May be out[1]
Never reveal a man's wage, and woman's age[1]
Never give advice unless asked.
Never give a sucker an even break[1]
Never judge a book by its cover[1]
Never let the sun go down on your anger[1]
Never look a gift horse in the mouth[1]
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today[1]
Never speak ill of the dead[1]
Never say never[27]
Never say die
Never tell tales out of school[1]
Never too old to learn.
Nine tailors make a man,[1][8]
No guts, no glory[1]
No man can serve two masters[1]
No man is an island[1]
No names, no pack-drill[1]
No news is good news[1]
No one can make you feel inferior without your consent[1]
No pain, no gain[1]
No rest for the wicked[1]
Nothing is certain but death and taxes[1]
Nothing succeeds like success,[1][8]
Nothing ventured, nothing gained[1]
O[edit]
Once a(n) _, always a(n) _[1]
One might as well throw water into the sea as to do a kindness to rogues
One kind word can warm three winter months
One who speaks only one language is one person, but one who speaks two languages is two people. Turkish Proverb[14]
Oil and water do not mix[1]
Old soldiers never die; they simply fade away[1]
Once bitten, twice shy[1]
One good turn deserves another[1]
One half of the world does not know how the other half lives[1]
One hand washes the other[1]
One man's meat is another man's poison[1]
One man's trash is another man's treasure
One might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb[1]
One law for the rich and another for the poor[1]
One swallow does not make a summer[1]
One who believes in Sword, dies by the Sword[1]
One year's seeding makes seven years weeding[1]
Only fools and horses work[1]
Open confession is good for the soul.
Opportunity never knocks twice at any man's door[1]
Other times other manners.
Out of sight, out of mind[1]
Out of the frying pan and into the fire
Out of the mouths of babes (and sucklings)
Over greedy man, over wrathful woman will never flourish[1]
P[edit]
Parsley seed goes nine times to the Devil[1]
Patience is a virtue[1]
Pearls of wisdom[1]
Penny wise and pound foolish[1]
Penny, Penny. Makes many.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones[1]
Physician, heal thyself[1]
Possession is nine-tenths of the law[1]
Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely[1]
Practice makes perfect[1]
Practice what you preach[1]
Prevention is better than cure[1]
Pride comes/goes before a fall (O.T.),[1][8]
Procrastination is the thief of time
Put your best foot forward[1]
Put your money where your mouth is[1]
R[edit]
Red sky at night shepherds delight; red sky in the morning, shepherds warning[1]
Respect is not given, it is earned.
Revenge is a dish best served cold[1]
Revenge is sweet[1]
Rome was not built in a day[1][8]
Right or wrong, my country[1]
Rules were made to be broken.
S[edit]
See a penny and pick it up, all the day you will have good luck; see a penny and let it lay, bad luck you will have all day[1]
See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil[1]
Seeing is believing[1]
Seek and ye shall find[1]
Set a thief to catch a thief[1]
Shiny are the distant hills[1]
Shrouds have no pockets[1]
(Speech is silver but) Silence is golden[1]
Slow and steady wins the race[1]
Slow but sure[1]
Softly, softly, catchee monkey[1]
Some are more equal than others
Sometimes we are the student. Sometimes we are the master. And sometimes we are merely the lesson – Jacalyn Smith[1]
Spare the rod and spoil the child[1]
Speak as you find[1]
Speak softly and carry a big stick[1]
Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me[1]
Still waters run deep[1]
Strike while the iron is hot[1]
Stupid is as stupid does[1]
Success has many fathers, while failure is an orphan[1]
Speak of the devil and he shall/is sure/will appear
(A) swarm in May is worth a load of hay; a swarm in June is worth a silver spoon; but a swarm in July is not worth a fly
T[edit]
Take care of the pennies, and the pounds will take care of themselves[1]
Talk is cheap[1]
Talk of the Devil, and he is bound to appear[1]
Tell me who your friends are, and I'll tell you who you are[28]
Tell the truth and shame the Devil (Shakespeare, Henry IV),[1][8]
That which does not kill us makes us stronger[1]
The age of miracles is past[1]
The apple does not fall/never falls far from the tree[1]
The best defence is a good offence[1]
The best-laid schemes of mice and men often go awry[1]
The best things in life are free[1]
The bigger they are, the harder they fall[1]
The boy is father to the man[1]
The bread never falls but on its buttered side[1]
The child is the father of the man[1]
The cobbler always wears the worst shoes[1]
The course of true love never did run smooth[1]
The customer is always right[1]
The darkest hour is just before the dawn[1]
The Devil finds work for idle hands to do[1]
The Devil looks after his own[1]
The die is cast[29]
The early bird catches the worm[1]
The end justifies the means[1]
The enemy of my enemy is my friend
The exception which proves the rule[1]
The female of the species is more deadly than the male[1]
The good die young[1]
The grass is always greener (on the other side) (of the fence)[1]
The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world[1]
The husband is always the last to know[1]
The innocent seldom find an uncomfortable pillow. William Cowper, English poet (1731–1800)[30]
The labourer is worthy of his hire[1]
The law is an ass. From English writer Charles Dickens' novel Oliver Twist
The leopard does not change his spots[1]
The light is on but nobody is home
The longest day must have an end[8]
The longest journey starts with a single step[1]
The moon is made of green cheese
The more the merrier[1]
The more things change, the more they stay the same[1]
The only disability in life is a bad attitude. Scott Hamilton
The only way to understand a woman is to love her[1]
The pen is mightier than the sword[1]
The pot calling the kettle black
The proof of the pudding is in the eating[1]
The road to Hell is paved with good intentions[1]
The shoemaker's son always goes barefoot[1]
The squeaky wheel gets the grease[1]
The streets are paved with gold
The straw that broke the camel's back[1]
The way to a man's heart is through his stomach[1]
The work praises the man.
The worm will turn
There ain't no such thing as a free lunch
There are more ways of killing a cat than choking it with cream[1]
There are none so blind as those who will not see[1] — attributed variously to Edmund Burke or George Santayana
There are two sides to every question[1]
There but for the grace of God go I[1]
There is an exception to every rule[1]
There are always more fish in the sea[1]
There is honour among thieves[1]
There is many a good tune played on an old fiddle[1]
There is many a slip 'twixt cup and lip[1]
There is more than one way to skin a cat[1]
There is no accounting for tastes[1]
There is no fool like an old fool[1]
There is no place like home[1]
There is no shame in not knowing; the shame lies in not finding out.
There is no smoke without fire/Where there is smoke, there is fire[1]
There is no such thing as a free lunch[1]
There is no such thing as bad publicity[1]
There is no time like the present[1]
There are none so deaf as those who will not hear[1]
There is nowt so queer as folk[1]
There is one born every minute[1]
There is safety in numbers[1]
They that sow the wind shall reap the whirlwind[1]
Third time is a charm[1]
Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it[1]
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones[1]
Those who know many languages live as many lives as the languages they know. Czech proverb[14]
Those who sleep with dogs will rise with fleas[1]
Time and tide wait for no man[1]
Time flies[1]
Time is a great healer[1]
Time is money[1]
(Only) time will tell[1]
'Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all[1]
To be worn out is to be renewed. Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher (604 BC – c. 531 BC)[21]
To each his own.
To err is human, to forgive divine[1]
To learn a language is to have one more window from which to look at the world. Chinese proverb[14]
To the victor go the spoils[1]
To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive[1]
Tomorrow is another day[1]
Tomorrow never comes[1]
Too many cooks spoil the broth[1]
Truth is stranger than fiction[1]
Truth is more valuable if it takes you a few years to find it. Often attributed to French author Jules Renard (1864–1910)
(The) truth will out[1]
Turn your face toward the sun and the shadows fall behind you.
Two can play at that game
Two heads are better than one[1]
Two is company, but three is a crowd,[1][8]
Two wrongs (do not) make a right[1]
V[edit]
Variety is the spice of life. William Cowper, English poet (1731–1800)[31]
Virtue is its own reward
W[edit]
Walk softly but carry a big stick. 26th U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, 1900 in letter relating an old African proverb[32]
Walls have ears
Walnuts and pears you plant for your heirs[1]
Waste not, want not[1]
Well begun is half done
Well done is better than well said.
What cannot be cured must be endured[1]
What goes around, comes around
What goes up must come down[1]
What you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts[1]
What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander[1]
What the eye does not see (the heart does not grieve over.)
When in Rome, (do as the Romans do). St. Ambrose 347AD[33]
When it rains it pours.
When life gives you lemons, make lemonade[1][34]
When the cat is away, the mice will play[1]
When the going gets tough, the tough get going[1]
When the oak is before the ash, then you will only get a splash; when the ash is before the oak, then you may expect a soak[1]
When three women gather, it becomes noisy.
When you have seen one, you have seen them all
What is learnt in the cradle lasts to the tombs.
What the eye does not see, the heart does not grieve over[1]
Where there is a will there is a way[1]
Where there is muck there is brass[1]
Where there is life there is hope.
Whether you think you can, or you think you can't, you're right.[1]
While there is life there is hope[1]
Who will bell the cat?
Whom the Gods love die young[1]
Why keep a dog and bark yourself?[1]
With great responsibility comes great power
Woman is the root of both good and evil[1]
Wonders will never cease[1]
Work expands so as to fill the time available[1]
Worrying never did anyone any good[1]
Y[edit]
You are never too old to learn[1]
You are what you eat[1]
You can have too much of a good thing[1]
You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make it drink[1]
You can never/never can tell
You cannot always get what you want
You cannot eat your cake and have it too[1]
You cannot get blood out of a stone[1]
You cannot make a silk purse from a sow's ear[1]
You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs[1]
You cannot make bricks without straw[1]
You cannot run with the hare and hunt with the hounds[1]
(You cannot) teach an old dog new tricks[1]
You cannot win them all[1]
You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar[1]
You pay your money and you take your choice[1]
Youth is wasted on the young[1]
You may/might as well be hanged/hung for a sheep as (for) a lamb
You must have rocks in your head[1]
You scratch my back and I will scratch yours
You've got to separate the wheat from the chaff[1]
You've made your bed and you must lie in/on it
Z
Zeal without knowledge is fire without light.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo "Meanings and Origins of Phrases, Sayings and Idioms". Gary Martin. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "World of Quotes-Proverbs". Worldofquotes.com. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
Jump up ^ Hazlitt, William Carew (1907). English proverbs and proverbial phrases (PDF). London: Reeves and Turner.
Jump up ^ Ray, John (1768). A compleat collection of English proverbs (PDF). London: W. Otridge, S. Bladon.
Jump up ^ Mariette, Alphonse (1896). French and English Idioms and Proverbs with Critical and Historical Notes (PDF). Paris: Hachette et cie.
Jump up ^ Bohn, Henry G. (1899). A hand-book of proverbs: comprising an entire republication of Ray's Collection of English Proverbs (PDF). London: George Bell and Sons.
Jump up ^ Strauss, Emanuel (1997). Concise Dictionary of English Proverbs. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16050-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Benham, W. Gurney (1926). Putnam's Complete Book of Quotations, Proverbs, and Household Words. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
Jump up ^ Apperson, G.L. (1929). English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases: An Historical Dictionary. London: J.M. Dent and Sons.
Jump up ^ "Proverbial Phrases from California", by Owen S. Adams, Western Folklore, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1949), pp. 95-116 doi:10.2307/1497581
Jump up ^ Arvo Krikmann "the Great Chain Metaphor: An Open Sezame for Proverb Semantics?", Proverbium:Yearbook of International Scholarship, 11 (1994), pp. 117-124.
Jump up ^ Ray, John (1768). A compleat collection of English proverbs (PDF). London: W. Otridge, S. Bladon. pp. xi–xii.
Jump up ^ Martin, Gary. "'A fool and his money are soon parted' - the meaning and origin of this phrase". Phrasefinder. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Top Ten Best Proverbs About Language Learning". Lingholic. June 9, 2014. Archived from the original on |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help).
Jump up ^ Edward, John Emerich (1949). Dalberg-Acton-Essays on Freedom and Power. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 364.
Jump up ^ "Napoleon's Maxims & Quotes-Napoleon on War". Retrieved 2010-04-09.
Jump up ^ "An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind. -Mahatma Gandhi, What does it mean? - Quora". www.quora.com. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
Jump up ^ "Where Does the Expression "Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts" Come From?". Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ "31 Famous Quotations You've Been Getting Wrong". Thought Catalog. 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
Jump up ^ Martin, Gary. "Curiosity killed the cat". The Phrase Finder. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Quotations by Lao Tzu". Retrieved 2010-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Sayings of Wilson Mizner". Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Keep your chin up". Retrieved 2010-04-06.
Jump up ^ "Oliver's Advice (Barossa)". Retrieved 2010-04-06.
Jump up ^ Soniak, Matt (July 12, 2012). [mentalfloss.com "What's the Origin of "Let the Cat out of the Bag"?"] Check |archive-url= value (help). Mental Floss. Archived from the original on |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help).
Jump up ^ 1 Timothy 6:10
Jump up ^ "Charles Dickens Pickwick Papers". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
Jump up ^ World of Quotes Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Martin, Gary. "'The die has been cast' - the meaning and origin of this phrase". Phrasefinder. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
Jump up ^ "The innocent seldom find an uncomfortable pillow". Retrieved 2010-04-06.
Jump up ^ "William Cowper Quotes". Retrieved 2016-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Speak Softly. ." Library of Congress. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ "When in Rome..." Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ Hubbard, Elbert (1922). Selected Writings of Elbert Hubbard. V. Wm. H. Wise & Co./The Roycrofters. p. 237. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: English proverbs
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Proverbial phrases in English.
ProverbHunter.com, English Proverbs Explained
List of proverbs
Archived copy of Proverbium.org, list of proverbs, idioms and quotes
Archived copy of English Proverbs Center
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Texas hold 'em
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the poker game. For other uses, see Texas hold 'em (disambiguation).
"Hold 'em" redirects here. For other uses, see Hold 'em (disambiguation).
Texas hold 'em
Texas hold 'em involves community cards available to all players
Alternative names
Hold 'em
Type
Community card poker
Players
2+, usually 2–10
Skills required
Probability, psychology, game theory, strategy, logic
Cards
52
Deck
French
Play
Clockwise
Card rank (highest first)
A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Random chance
Medium
Texas hold 'em (also known as Texas holdem, hold 'em, and holdem) is a variation of the card game of poker. Two cards, known as the hole cards, are dealt face down to each player, and then five community cards are dealt face up in three stages. The stages consist of a series of three cards ("the flop"), later an additional single card ("the turn" or "fourth street"), and a final card ("the river" or "fifth street"). Each player seeks the best five card poker hand from any combination of the seven cards of the five community cards and their own two hole cards. If a player's best five-card poker hand consists only of the five community cards and none of the player's hole cards, it is called "playing the board". If you play the board on the river, then you can do no better than tie the other player(s) in the game if no player can make a better hand than the board represents, using either or both hole cards. Players have betting options to check, call, raise, or fold. Rounds of betting take place before the flop is dealt and after each subsequent deal.
Texas hold 'em is the H game featured in HORSE and in HOSE.
Contents
[hide]
1 Objective
2 History
3 Popularity
3.1 Television and film
3.2 Literature
3.3 Online poker
4 Rules
4.1 Betting structures
4.2 Play of the hand
4.3 The showdown
4.4 Hand values
4.5 Misdeal
5 Examples
5.1 Sample showdown
5.2 Sample hand
5.3 Kickers and ties
6 Strategy
6.1 Starting hands
6.2 Strategic differences in betting structures
6.2.1 Cash games
6.2.2 Tournaments
6.2.3 Evaluating a hand
7 Similar games
8 See also
9 References
Objective[edit]
In Texas hold 'em, as in all variants of poker, individuals compete for an amount of money or chips contributed by the players themselves (called the pot). Because the cards are dealt randomly and outside the control of the players, each player attempts to control the amount of money in the pot based either on the hand they are holding,[1] or on their prediction as to what their opponents may be holding and how they might behave.
The game is divided into a series of hands (deals); at the conclusion of each hand, the pot is typically awarded to one player (an exception in which the pot is divided between two or more is discussed below). A hand may end at the showdown, in which case the remaining players compare their hands and the highest hand is awarded the pot; that highest hand is usually held by only one player, but can be held by more in the case of a tie. The other possibility for the conclusion of a hand occurs when all but one player have folded and have thereby abandoned any claim to the pot, in which case the pot is awarded to the player who has not folded.[1]
The objective of winning players is not to win every individual hand, but rather to make mathematically and psychologically better decisions regarding when and how much to bet, raise, call—or fold. By making such decisions to place influential bets, one can non-verbally represent or suggest holding or not-holding a certain or possible hand by either betting or not-betting pre-flop, and by venturing smaller or larger bets or raises at possibly more advantageous times, throughout the stages of the hand being dealt. One's pattern of betting may encourage opponents to bet or to fold (in this complex process, called bluffing), without verbalizing a discouraging or dishonest word. The winning poker players know how to enhance their opponents' betting and maximize their own expected gain on each round of betting, to thereby increase their long-term winnings.[1]
History[edit]
Johnny Moss, Chill Wills, Amarillo Slim, Jack Binion, and Puggy Pearson outside of Binion's Horseshoe in 1974
Although little is known about the invention of Texas hold 'em, the Texas Legislature officially recognizes Robstown, Texas, as the game's birthplace, dating it to the early 1900s.[2]
After the game spread throughout Texas, hold 'em was introduced to Las Vegas in 1963 at the California Club by Corky McCorquodale. The game became popular and quickly spread to the Golden Nugget, Stardust and Dunes.[3] In 1967, a group of Texan gamblers and card players, including Crandell Addington, Doyle Brunson, and Amarillo Slim were playing in Las Vegas. This is when "ace high" was changed from the original form in which aces were low.[4] Addington said the first time he saw the game was in 1959. "They didn't call it Texas hold 'em at the time, they just called it hold 'em.… I thought then that if it were to catch on, it would become the game. Draw poker, you bet only twice; hold 'em, you bet four times. That meant you could play strategically. This was more of a thinking man's game."[5]
For several years the Golden Nugget Casino in Downtown Las Vegas was the only casino in Las Vegas to offer the game. At that time, the Golden Nugget's poker room was "truly a 'sawdust joint,' with…oiled sawdust covering the floors."[6] Because of its location and decor, this poker room did not receive many rich drop-in clients, and as a result, professional players sought a more prominent location. In 1969, the Las Vegas professionals were invited to play Texas hold 'em at the entrance of the now-demolished Dunes Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. This prominent location, and the relative inexperience of poker players with Texas hold 'em, resulted in a very remunerative game for professional players.[6]
After a failed attempt to establish a "Gambling Fraternity Convention", Tom Moore added the first ever poker tournament to the Second Annual Gambling Fraternity Convention held in 1969. This tournament featured several games including Texas hold 'em. In 1970, Benny and Jack Binion acquired the rights to this convention, renamed it the World Series of Poker, and moved it to their casino, Binion's Horseshoe, in Las Vegas. After its first year, a journalist, Tom Thackrey, suggested that the main event of this tournament should be no-limit Texas hold 'em. The Binions agreed and ever since no-limit Texas hold 'em has been played as the main event.[6] Interest in the main event continued to grow steadily over the next two decades. After receiving only eight entrants in 1972, the numbers grew to over one hundred entrants in 1982, and over two hundred in 1991.[7][8][9]
During this time, B & G Publishing Co., Inc. published Doyle Brunson's revolutionary poker strategy guide, Super/System.[10] Despite being self-published and priced at $100 in 1978, the book revolutionized the way poker was played. It was one of the first books to discuss Texas hold 'em, and is today cited as one of the most important books on this game.[11] In 1983, Al Alvarez published The Biggest Game in Town, a book detailing a 1981 World Series of Poker event.[12] The first book of its kind, it described the world of professional poker players and the World Series of Poker. Alvarez's book is credited with beginning the genre of poker literature and with bringing Texas hold 'em (and poker generally) to a wider audience.[13] Alvarez's book was not the first book about poker. The Education of a Poker Player by Herbert O. Yardley, a former U.S. government code breaker, was published in 1957.
Interest in hold 'em outside of Nevada began to grow in the 1980s as well. Although California had legal card rooms offering draw poker, Texas hold 'em was deemed to be prohibited under a statute that made illegal the (now unheard of) game "stud-horse". But in 1988 Texas hold 'em was declared legally distinct from stud-horse in Tibbetts v. Van De Kamp.[14] Almost immediately card rooms across the state offered Texas hold 'em.[15] (It is often presumed that this decision ruled that hold 'em was a game of skill,[16] but the distinction between skill and chance has never entered into California jurisprudence regarding poker.[17]) After a trip to Las Vegas, bookmakers Terry Rogers and Liam Flood introduced the game to European card players in the early 1980s.[citation needed]
Popularity[edit]
Texas hold 'em is now one of the most popular forms of poker.[18][19] Texas hold 'em's popularity surged in the 2000s due to exposure on television, the Internet and popular literature. During this time hold 'em replaced seven-card stud as the most common game in U.S. casinos.[20] The no-limit betting form is used in the widely televised main event of the World Series of Poker (WSOP) and the World Poker Tour (WPT).
Hold 'em's simplicity and popularity have inspired a wide variety of strategy books which provide recommendations for proper play. Most of these books recommend a strategy that involves playing relatively few hands but betting and raising often with the hands one plays.[21] In the first decade of the twenty-first century, Texas hold 'em experienced a surge in popularity worldwide.[20] Many observers attribute this growth to the synergy of five factors: the invention of online poker, the game's appearance in film and on television, invention and usage of the "hole card cam" (which allowed viewers to see hole cards played in the hand as a means of determining strategy and decision-making during gameplay), the appearance of television commercials advertising online cardrooms, and the 2003 World Series of Poker championship victory by online qualifier Chris Moneymaker.[22]
Television and film[edit]
Main article: Poker on television
Prior to poker becoming widely televised, the movie Rounders (1998), starring Matt Damon and Edward Norton, gave moviegoers a romantic view of the game as a way of life. Texas hold 'em was the main game played during the movie and the no-limit variety was described, following Doyle Brunson, as the "Cadillac of Poker". A clip of the classic showdown between Johnny Chan and Erik Seidel from the 1988 World Series of Poker was also incorporated into the film.[23] More recently, a high-stakes Texas hold 'em game was central to the plot of the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale, in place of baccarat, the casino game central to the novel on which the film was based. In 2008, an acclaimed short film called Shark Out of Water was released on DVD. This film is unique in that it deals with the darker, more addictive elements of the game, and features Phil Hellmuth and Brad Booth.
Hold 'em tournaments had been televised since the late 1970s, but they did not become popular until 1999, when hidden lipstick cameras were first used to show players' private hole cards on the Late Night Poker TV show in the United Kingdom.[24] Hold 'em exploded in popularity as a spectator sport in the United States and Canada in early 2003, when the World Poker Tour adopted the lipstick cameras idea. A few months later, ESPN's coverage of the 2003 World Series of Poker featured the unexpected victory of Internet player Chris Moneymaker, an amateur player who gained admission to the tournament by winning a series of online tournaments. Moneymaker's victory initiated a sudden surge of interest in the series, based on the egalitarian idea that anyone—even a rank novice—could become a world champion.[25]
In 2003, there were 839 entrants in the WSOP main event,[26] and triple that number in 2004.[27] The crowning of the 2004 WSOP champion, Greg "Fossilman" Raymer, a patent attorney from Connecticut, further fueled the popularity of the event among amateur (and particularly Internet) players.[28] In the 2005 main event, an unprecedented 5,619 entrants vied for a first prize of $7,500,000. The winner, Joe Hachem of Australia, was a semi-professional player.[29] This growth continued in 2006, with 8,773 entrants and a first place prize of $12,000,000 (won by Jamie Gold).[30]
Beyond the series, other television shows—including the long running World Poker Tour—are credited with increasing the popularity of Texas hold 'em.[31] In addition to its presence on network and general audience cable television,[32] poker has now become a regular part of sports networks' programming in the United States.[33]
Literature[edit]
The English journalist and biographer Anthony Holden spent a year on the professional poker circuit from 1988-1989 and wrote about his experiences in Big Deal: A Year as a Professional Poker Player. The follow-up book, Bigger Deal: A Year Inside the Poker Boom covers the period 2005-2006 and describes a poker world "changed beyond recognition".[34]
Twenty years after the publication of Alvarez's groundbreaking book, James McManus published a semi-autobiographical book, Positively Fifth Street (2003), which simultaneously describes the trial surrounding the murder of Ted Binion and McManus's own entry into the 2000 World Series of Poker.[35] McManus, a poker amateur, finished fifth in the no-limit Texas hold 'em main event, winning over $200,000.[36] In the book McManus discusses events surrounding the series, the trial of Sandy Murphy and Rick Tabish, poker strategy, and some history of poker and the world series.
Michael Craig's 2005 book The Professor, the Banker, and the Suicide King details a series of high-stakes Texas hold 'em one-on-one games between Texas banker Andy Beal and a rotating group of poker professionals. As of 2006, these games were the highest stakes ever played, reaching $100,000–$200,000 fixed limit.[37]
Online poker[edit]
Poker revenues from Party Gaming (2002–2006). The drop off in 2006 is due to the UIGEA.
Main article: Online poker
The ability to play cheaply and anonymously online has been credited as a cause of the increase in popularity of Texas hold 'em.[25] Online poker sites both allow people to try out games (in some cases the games are entirely free to play and are just for fun social experiences) and also provide an avenue for entry into large tournaments (like the World Series of Poker) via smaller tournaments known as satellites. The 2003 and 2004 winners (Chris Moneymaker and Greg Raymer, respectively) of the World Series no-limit hold 'em main event qualified by playing in these tournaments.[38][39]
Although online poker grew from its inception in 1998 until 2003, Moneymaker's win and the appearance of television advertisements in 2003 contributed to a tripling of industry revenues in 2004.[40][41]
Rules[edit]
See also: Poker, List of poker hands, Poker probability, and Glossary of poker terms
Betting structures[edit]
Main article: Betting in poker
A standard hold 'em game showing the position of the blinds relative to the dealer button
Hold 'em is normally played using small and big blind bets— forced bets by two players. Antes (forced contributions by all players) may be used in addition to blinds, particularly in later stages of tournament play. A dealer button is used to represent the player in the dealer position; the dealer button rotates clockwise after each hand, changing the position of the dealer and blinds. The small blind is posted by the player to the left of the dealer and is usually equal to half of the big blind. The big blind, posted by the player to the left of the small blind, is equal to the minimum bet. In tournament poker, the blind/ante structure periodically increases as the tournament progresses. After one round of betting is done, the next betting round will start by the person in the small blind.
When only two players remain, special 'head-to-head' or 'heads up' rules are enforced and the blinds are posted differently. In this case, the person with the dealer button posts the small blind, while his/her opponent places the big blind. The dealer acts first before the flop. After the flop, the dealer acts last and continues to do so for the remainder of the hand.
The three most common variations of hold 'em are limit hold 'em, no-limit hold 'em and pot-limit hold 'em. Limit hold 'em has historically been the most popular form of hold 'em found in casino live action games in the United States.[20] In limit hold 'em, bets and raises during the first two rounds of betting (pre-flop and flop) must be equal to the big blind; this amount is called the small bet. In the next two rounds of betting (turn and river), bets and raises must be equal to twice the big blind; this amount is called the big bet.
No-limit hold 'em has grown in popularity and is the form most commonly found in televised tournament poker and is the game played in the main event of the World Series of Poker. In no-limit hold 'em, players may bet or raise any amount over the minimum raise up to all of the chips the player has at the table (called an all-in bet). The minimum raise is equal to the size of the previous bet or raise. If someone wishes to re-raise, they must raise at least the amount of the previous raise. For example, if the big blind is $2 and there is a raise of $6 to a total of $8, a re-raise must be at least $6 more for a total of $14. If a raise or re-raise is all-in and does not equal the size of the previous raise (or half the size in some casinos), the initial raiser cannot re-raise again (in case there are other players also still in the game). In pot-limit hold 'em, the maximum raise is the current size of the pot (including the amount needed to call).
Some casinos that offer hold 'em also allow the player to the left of the big blind to post an optional live straddle, usually double the amount of the big blind. This causes that player to act as the big blind and the player has an option to raise when it comes to their turn again. (Some variations allow for straddle on the button). No-limit games may also allow multiple re-straddles, in any amount that would be a legal raise.[10]
Play of the hand[edit]
Each player is dealt two private cards in hold 'em, which are dealt first.
Play media
This video shows how to deal a hand for Texas hold 'em and some of the types of hands needed in order to win.
Following a shuffle of the cards, play begins with each player being dealt two cards face down, with the player in the small blind receiving the first card and the player in the button seat receiving the last card dealt. (As in most poker games, the deck is a standard 52-card deck containing no jokers.) These cards are the players' hole or pocket cards. These are the only cards each player will receive individually, and they will only (possibly) be revealed at the showdown, making Texas hold 'em a closed poker game.
The hand begins with a "pre-flop" betting round, beginning with the player to the left of the big blind (or the player to the left of the dealer, if no blinds are used) and continuing clockwise. A round of betting continues until every player has folded, put in all of their chips, or matched the amount put in by all other active players. See betting for a detailed account. Note that the blinds are considered "live" in the pre-flop betting round, meaning that they are counted toward the amount that the blind player must contribute. If all players call around to the player in the big blind position, that player may either check or raise.
After the pre-flop betting round, assuming there remain at least two players taking part in the hand, the dealer deals a flop, three face-up community cards. The flop is followed by a second betting round. This and all subsequent betting rounds begin with the player to the dealer's left and continue clockwise.
After the flop betting round ends, a single community card (called the turn or fourth street) is dealt, followed by a third betting round. A final single community card (called the river or fifth street) is then dealt, followed by a fourth betting round and the showdown, if necessary. In the third and fourth betting rounds, the stakes double.
In all casinos, the dealer will burn a card before the flop, turn, and river. Because of this burn, players who are betting cannot see the back of the next community card to come. This is done for traditional reasons, to avoid any possibility of a player knowing in advance the next card to be dealt due to its being marked.[10]
The showdown[edit]
If a player bets and all other players fold, then the remaining player is awarded the pot and is not required to show their hole cards. If two or more players remain after the final betting round, a showdown occurs. On the showdown, each player plays the best poker hand they can make from the seven cards comprising their two-hole cards and the five community cards. A player may use both of their own two hole cards, only one, or none at all, to form their final five-card hand. If the five community cards form the player's best hand, then the player is said to be playing the board and can only hope to split the pot, because each other player can also use the same five cards to construct the same hand.[10]
If the best hand is shared by more than one player, then the pot is split equally among them, with any extra chips going to the first players after the button in clockwise order. It is common for players to have closely valued, but not identically ranked hands. Nevertheless, one must be careful in determining the best hand; if the hand involves fewer than five cards, (such as two pair or three of a kind), then kickers are used to settle ties (see the second example below). The card's numerical rank is of sole importance; suit values are irrelevant in hold 'em.
Hand values[edit]
Following table shows the possible hand values in increasing order.
Name
Description
Example
Highcard Simple value of the card. Lowest: 2 - Highest: Ace
Pair Two cards with the same value
Two pairs Two times two cards with the same value
Three of a kind Three cards with the same value
Straight Sequence of 5 cards in increasing value (Ace can precede 2 and follow up King)
Flush 5 cards of the same suit
Full house Combination of three of a kind and a pair
Four of a kind Four cards of the same value
Straight flush Straight of the same suit
Royal flush Straight flush from Ten to Ace
Misdeal[edit]
If the first or second card dealt is exposed, then this is considered a misdeal. The dealer then retrieves the card, reshuffles the deck, and again cuts the cards. However, if any other hole card is exposed due to a dealer error, the deal continues as usual. After completing the deal, the dealer replaces the exposed card with the top card on the deck, and the exposed card is then used as the burn card. If more than one hole card is exposed, a misdeal is declared by the dealer and the hand is dealt again from the beginning.[42] A misdeal is also declared if a player receives more than two hole cards by mistake (e.g. two cards stuck together).
Examples[edit]
Sample showdown[edit]
Here is a sample showdown:
Board
Bob
Carol
Ted
Alice
Each player plays the best five-card hand they can make with the seven cards available. They have
Bob Three fours, with king, ace kickers
Carol Ace-high flush
Ted Full house, kings full of fours
Alice 8-high straight
In this case, Ted's full house is the best hand, with Carol in second, Alice in third and Bob last.
Sample hand[edit]
The blinds for this example hand
Here is a sample game involving four players. The players' individual hands will not be revealed until the showdown, to give a better sense of what happens during play:
Compulsory bets: Alice is the dealer. Bob, to Alice's left, posts a small blind of $1, and Carol posts a big blind of $2.
Pre-flop: Alice deals two hole cards face down to each player, beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Ted must act first, being the first player after the big blind. Ted cannot check, because the $2 big blind plays as a bet, and so folds. Alice calls the $2. Bob adds an additional $1 to the $1 small blind to call the $2 total. Carol's blind is "live" (see blind), so there is the option to raise here, but Carol checks instead, ending the first betting round. The pot now contains $6, $2 from each of three players.
Flop: Alice now burns a card and deals the flop of three face-up community cards, 9♣ K♣ 3♥. On this round, as on all subsequent rounds, the player on the dealer's left begins the betting. Bob checks, Carol opens for $2, and Alice raises another $2 (puts in $4, $2 to match Carol and $2 to raise), making the total bet now facing Bob $4. Bob calls (puts in $4, $2 to match Carol's initial bet and $2 to match Alice's raise). Carol calls as well, putting in $2. The pot now contains $18, $6 from the last round and $12 from three players this round.
Turn: Alice now burns another card and deals the turn card face up. It is the 5♠. Bob checks, Carol checks, and Alice checks; the turn has been checked around. The pot still contains $18.
River: Alice burns another card and deals the final river card, the 9♦, making the final board 9♣ K♣ 3♥ 5♠ 9♦. Bob bets $4, Carol calls, and Alice folds (Alice's holding was A♣ 7♣ and was hoping the river card would be a club to make a flush).
Showdown: Bob shows their hand of Q♠ 9♥, so the best five-card hand possible is 9♣ 9♦ 9♥ K♣ Q♠, for three nines, with a king-queen kicker. Carol shows their cards of K♠ J♥, making a final hand K♣ K♠ 9♣ 9♦ J♥ for two pair, kings and nines, with a jack kicker. Bob wins the showdown and the $26 pot.
Kickers and ties[edit]
Because of the presence of community cards in Texas hold 'em, different players' hands can often run very close in value. As a result, it is common for kickers to be used to determine the winning hand and also for two hands (or maybe more) to tie. A kicker is a card which is part of the five-card poker hand, but is not used in determining a hand's rank. For instance, in the hand A-A-A-K-Q, the king and queen are kickers.
The following situation illustrates the importance of breaking ties with kickers and card ranks, as well as the use of the five-card rule. After the turn, the board and players' hole cards are as follows.
Board (after the turn)
Bob
Carol
At the moment, Bob is in the lead with a hand of Q♠ Q♣ 8♠ 8♥ K♥, making two pair, queens and eights, with a king kicker. This beats Carol's hand of Q♥ Q♣ 8♠ 8♥ 10♦ by virtue of the king kicker.
If the final card were the A♠, making the final board 8♠ Q♣ 8♥ 4♣ A♠. Bob and Carol still each have two pair (queens and eights), but both of them are now entitled to play the final ace as their fifth card, making their hands both two pair, queens and eights, with an ace kicker. Bob's king no longer plays, because the ace on the board plays as the fifth card in both hands, and a hand is only composed of the best five cards. They therefore tie and split the pot. However, had the last card been a jack or lower (except an eight or a queen which would make a full house, or a ten which would give Carol a higher second pair), Bob's king would have stayed in the game and would have won.
Strategy[edit]
See also: Poker strategy
Most poker authors recommend a tight-aggressive approach to playing Texas hold 'em. This strategy involves playing relatively few hands (tight), but betting and raising often with those that one does play (aggressive).[21] Although this strategy is often recommended, some professional players successfully employ other strategies as well.[21]
Almost all authors agree that where a player sits in the order of play (known as position) is an important element of Texas hold 'em strategy, particularly in no-limit hold'em.[1] Players who act later have more information than players who act earlier. As a result, players typically play fewer hands from early positions than later positions.
Because of the game's level of complexity, it has received some attention from academics. One attempt to develop a quantitative model of a Texas hold'em tournament as an isolated complex system has had some success,[43] although the full consequences for optimal strategies remain to be explored. In addition, groups at the University of Alberta and Carnegie Mellon University worked to develop poker playing programs utilizing techniques in game theory and artificial intelligence.[44][45] In January, 2015, the AAAS journal Science reported that the group at the University of Alberta had succeeded in coding a computer program called Cepheus that can learn from its playing experience to optimize its CFR algorithm and approach playing perfection when opposing strong players in the variant known as heads-up limit Texas Hold ’em, which involves only two players. Although it does not win every hand, it is unbeatable on average over a large number of hands. The program exhibits more variation in its tactics than professional players do, for instance bluffing with weak hands that professional players tend to fold.[46][47][48] Public web access to observe and play against Cepheus is available.[49]
Starting hands[edit]
Main article: Texas hold 'em starting hands
A pair of aces is statistically the best hand to be dealt in Texas Hold'em Poker.
Because only two cards are dealt to each player, it is easy to characterize all of the starting hands. There are (52 × 51)/2 = 1,326 distinct possible combinations of two cards from a standard 52-card deck. Because no suit is more powerful than another, many of these can be equated for the analysis of starting-hand strategy. For example, although J♥ J♣ and J♦ J♠ are distinct combinations of cards by rank and suit, they are of equal value as starting hands.
Because of this equivalence, there are only 169 effectively different hole-card combinations. Thirteen of these are pairs, from deuces (twos) to aces. There are 78 ways to have two cards of different rank (12 possible hands containing one ace, 11 possible hands containing one king but no ace, 10 possible hands containing one queen but no ace or king, etc.). Both hole cards can be used in a flush if they are suited, but pairs are never suited, so there would be 13 possible pairs, 78 possible suited non-pairs, and 78 possible unsuited ("off-suit") non-pairs, for a total of 169 possible hands.[50] Suited starting hands are stronger than their unsuited counterparts, although the magnitude of this strength advantage in different games is debated.[51]
Because of the limited number of starting hands, most strategy guides include a detailed discussion of each of them. This distinguishes hold 'em from other poker games where the number of starting card combinations forces strategy guides to group hands into broad categories. Another result of this small number is the proliferation of colloquial names for individual hands.[52]
Strategic differences in betting structures[edit]
Texas Hold'em is commonly played both as a "cash" or "ring" game and as a tournament game. Strategy for these different forms can vary.
Cash games[edit]
Main article: Cash game
Before the advent of poker tournaments, all poker games were played with real money where players bet actual currency (or chips that represented currency). Games that feature wagering actual money on individual hands are still very common and are referred to as "cash games" or "ring games".
The no-limit and fixed-limit cash-game versions of hold 'em are strategically very different. Doyle Brunson claims that "the games are so different that there are not many players who rank with the best in both types of hold 'em. Many no-limit players have difficulty gearing down for limit, while limit players often lack the courage and 'feel' necessary to excel at no-limit."[10] Because the size of bets is restricted in limit games, the ability to bluff is somewhat curtailed. Because one is not (usually) risking all of one's chips in limit poker, players are sometimes advised to take more chances.[10]
Lower-stakes games also exhibit different properties than higher-stakes games. Small-stakes games often involve more players in each hand and can vary from extremely passive (little raising and betting) to extremely aggressive (many raises). This difference of small-stakes games has prompted several books dedicated to only those games.[53]
Tournaments[edit]
Main article: Poker tournament
Texas hold 'em is often associated with poker tournaments largely because it is played as the main event in many of the famous tournaments, including the World Series of Poker's Main Event, and is the most common tournament overall.[54] Traditionally, a poker tournament is played with chips that represent a player's stake in the tournament. Standard play allows all entrants to "buy-in" for a fixed amount and all players begin with an equal value of chips. Play proceeds until one player has accumulated all the chips in play or a deal is made among the remaining players to "chop" the remaining prize pool. The money pool is redistributed to the players in relation to the place they finished in the tournament. Only a small percentage of the players receive any money, with the majority receiving nothing. "The percentages are not standardized, but common rules of thumb call for one table" (usually nine players) "to get paid for each 100 entrants," according to poker author Andrew Glazer, in his book, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Poker.[55] A good rule of thumb is that close to 10% of players will be paid in a tournament. As a result, the strategy in poker tournaments can be very different from a cash game.
Proper strategy in tournaments can vary widely depending on the amount of chips one has, the stage of the tournament, the amount of chips others have, and the playing styles of one's opponents.[21] Although some authors still recommend a tight playing style, others recommend looser play (playing more hands) in tournaments than one would otherwise play in cash games. In tournaments the blinds and antes increase regularly, and can become much larger near the end of the tournament. This can force players to play hands that they would not normally play when the blinds were small, which can warrant both more loose and more aggressive play.[56]
Evaluating a hand[edit]
One of the most important things in Texas hold'em is knowing how to evaluate a hand. The strategy of playing each hand can be very different according to the strength of the hand. For example, on a strong hand, a player might want to try to appear weak in order to not scare off other players with weaker hands, while on a weak hand, a player might try to bluff other players into folding.
There are several ways to evaluate hand strength; two of the most common are counting outs and using calculators.
Counting outs – this method consists of counting the cards still in the deck, which in combination with the cards the player already has can give the player a potentially winning hand.
Such cards are called "outs", and hand strength can be measured by how many outs are still in the deck (if there are many outs then the probability to get one of them is high and therefore the hand is strong). The following chart determines the probability of hitting outs (bettering the player's hand) based on how many cards are left in the deck and the draw type.
Outs
One Card %
Two Card %
One Card Odds
Two Card Odds
Draw Type
1 2% 4% 46 23 Backdoor Straight or Flush (Requires two cards)
2 4% 8% 22 12 Pocket Pair to Set
3 7% 13% 14 7 One Overcard
4 9% 17% 10 5 Inside Straight / Two Pair to Full House
5 11% 20% 8 4 One Pair to Two Pair or Trips
6 13% 24% 6.7 3.2 No Pair to Pair / Two Overcards
7 15% 28% 5.6 2.6 Trips to Full House or Quads
8 17% 32% 4.7 2.2 Open Straight
9 19% 35% 4.1 1.9 Flush
10 22% 38% 3.6 1.6 Inside Straight & Two Overcards
11 24% 42% 3.2 1.4 Open Straight & One Overcard
12 26% 45% 2.8 1.2 Flush & Inside Straight / Flush & One Overcard
13 28% 48% 2.5 1.1
14 30% 51% 2.3 0.95
15 33% 54% 2.1 0.85 Flush & Open Straight / Flush & Two Overcards
16 34% 57% 1.9 0.75
17 37% 60% 1.7 0.66
[57]
Two Times Rule and Four Times Rule: Multiplying the number of outs by two or four gives a reasonable approximation to the One Card % or Two Card %, respectively, in the above table.[58]
Calculators: calculators are poker tools that calculate the odds of a hand (combined with the cards on the table if there are any) to win the game. Calculators provide precise odds but they cannot be used in live games and are therefore mostly used on Internet poker games.
Similar games[edit]
There are several other poker variants which resemble Texas hold 'em. Hold 'em is a member of a class of poker games known as community card games, where some cards are available for use by all the players. There are several other games that use five community cards in addition to some private cards and are thus similar to Texas hold 'em. Royal hold 'em has the same structure as Texas hold 'em, but the deck contains only Aces, Kings, Queens, Jacks, and Tens.[59] Pineapple and Omaha hold 'em both vary the number of cards an individual receives before the flop (along with the rules regarding how they may be used to form a hand), but are dealt identically afterward.[60][61] In Double Texas Hold'em, each player receives 3 hole cards and establishes a middle common card that plays with each of the other cards, but the outer cards don’t play with each other (each player has two 2-card hands).[62][63][64] Alternatively, in Double-board hold'em all players receive the same number of private cards, but there are two sets of community cards. The winner is either selected for each individual board with each receiving half of the pot, or the best overall hand takes the entire pot, depending on the rules agreed upon by the players.[65]
Another variant is known as Greek hold 'em which requires each player to use both cards and only 3 from the board instead of the best five of seven cards.[66]
Manila is a hold'em variant which was once popular in Australia. In Manila, players receive two private cards from a reduced deck (containing no cards lower than 7). A five card board is dealt, unlike Texas hold 'em, one card at a time; there is a betting round after each card. Manila has several variations of its own, similar to the variants listed above.[67]
Six-plus hold 'em (also known as Short-deck hold 'em) is a community card poker game variant of Texas hold 'em, where cards 2 through 5 are removed. Each player is dealt two cards face down and seeks make his or her best five card poker hand using from any combination of the seven cards (five community cards and their own two hole cards).[68]
See also[edit]
Glossary of poker terms
List of poker hands
Poker probability
Omaha hold'em
Greek hold 'em
Texas Hold'em King
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Jump up ^ "PartyPoker Introduces Double Hold'em". PokerStrategy.com. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Online Strategy Guide (YouTube video)". Poker Strategy. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Double Flop Holdem Rules". Pokernews.com. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Alex Scott (1 April 2011). What I Know about Poker: Lessons in Texas Hold'em, Omaha and Other Poker Games. Lulu.com. pp. 63–. ISBN 978-0-9567151-3-5.
Jump up ^ Honest Casinos. "Manila Poker". Pokerpistols.com. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Six Plus Hold'em". PokerVIP. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
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