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Pretoria
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Pretoria
Clockwise from top left: Pretoria CBD skyline, Voortrekker Monument, Church Square, the Palace of Justice, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Administration Building of the University of Pretoria and Front view of the Union Buildings.

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): Jacaranda City, PTA (abbreviation)
Motto(s): Præstantia Prævaleat Prætoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence)
Pretoria
Pretoria shown within Gauteng
Pretoria
Pretoria (South Africa)
Pretoria
Pretoria (Africa)
Show map of Gauteng Show map of South Africa Show map of Africa Show all
Coordinates: 25°44′46″S 28°11′17″E / 25.74611°S 28.18806°E / -25.74611; 28.18806Coordinates: 25°44′46″S 28°11′17″E / 25.74611°S 28.18806°E / -25.74611; 28.18806
Country
South Africa
Province
Gauteng
Municipality
City of Tshwane
Established
1855
Government
• Type
Metropolitan municipality
• Mayor
Solly Msimanga (DA)
Area[1]
• City
687.54 km2 (265.46 sq mi)
• Metro
6,298 km2 (2,432 sq mi)
Elevation
1,339 m (4,393 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
• City
741,651
• Density
1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
• Metro[1]
2,921,488
• Metro density
460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[1]
• Black African
42.0%
• Coloured
2.5%
• Indian/Asian
1.9%
• White
52.5%
• Other
1.2%
First languages (2011)[1]
• Afrikaans
47.7%
• English
16.4%
• Northern Sotho
8.0%
• Tswana
5.4%
• Other
22.5%
Time zone
SAST (UTC+2)
Postal code (street)
0002
PO box
0001
Area code
012
HDI
0.75 High (2012)[2]
GDP
US$ 49.9 billion[3]
GDP per capita
US$ 17,206[3]
Website
tshwane.gov.za
Pretoria is a city in the northern part of Gauteng, South Africa. It is one of the country's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government (Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein the judicial capital). Pretoria has a reputation for being an academic city with three universities and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) located in its eastern suburbs, the city also hosts the South African Bureau of Standards making the city a hub for research. Pretoria is the central part of the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality which was formed by the amalgamation of several former local authorities including Centurion and Soshanguve. There have been proposals to change the name of Pretoria itself to Tshwane, and the proposed name change has caused some controversy.
Pretoria is named after the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius,[4] and within South Africa is popularly known as the "Jacaranda City" due to the thousands of jacaranda trees planted in its streets, parks and gardens.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Boer Wars
1.2 Union of South Africa
2 Geography
2.1 Climate
3 Demographics
3.1 Ethnic groups
4 Cityscape
4.1 Architecture
4.2 Central business district
4.3 Parks and gardens
5 Suburbs
6 Transport
6.1 Railway
6.2 Buses
6.3 Road
6.4 Airports
7 Society and culture
7.1 Media
7.1.1 Radio
7.1.2 Television
7.1.3 Paper
7.2 Pretoria Creole
7.3 Museums
7.4 Music
7.5 Performing arts and galleries
7.6 Sport
7.7 Religious buildings
7.7.1 Churches
7.7.2 Hindu temples
7.7.3 Mosques
7.7.4 Synagogues and Jewish congregations
8 Commerce and industry
9 Coat of arms
10 Academia
10.1 Secondary education
10.2 International schools
10.3 Tertiary education
10.3.1 University of South Africa
10.3.2 University of Pretoria
10.3.3 Tshwane University of Technology
10.4 CSIR
11 Military
11.1 Military headquarters
11.1.1 Transito Air Force Headquarters
11.1.2 The Dequar Road Complex
11.1.3 The Sebokeng Complex
11.2 Military bases
11.2.1 The Dequar Road Base
11.2.2 Thaba Tshwane
11.2.3 Joint Support Base Wonderboom
11.2.4 Military colleges
11.3 Air force bases
12 Change of name
13 Twin towns and sister cities
14 Shopping malls
15 Notable people
16 Places of interest
16.1 Nature reserves
17 See also
18 References
19 Bibliography
20 External links
History[edit]
See also: Timeline of Pretoria
Statue of Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (27 November 1798 – 23 July 1853), the namesake of Pretoria
The Union Buildings, seat of South Africa's government
The Palace of Justice
Old Counsel Chambers or the "Raadsaal" of the ZAR
Pretoria was founded in 1855 by Marthinus Pretorius, a leader of the Voortrekkers, who named it after his father Andries Pretorius and chose a spot on the banks of the "Apies rivier" (Afrikaans for "Monkeys river") to be the new capital of the South African Republic (ZAR). The elder Pretorius had become a national hero of the Voortrekkers after his victory over Dingane and the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River. The elder Pretorius also negotiated the Sand River Convention (1852), in which Britain acknowledged the independence of the Transvaal. It became the capital of the South African Republic (ZAR) on 1 May 1860.
The founding of Pretoria as the capital of the South African Republic can be seen as marking the end of the Boers' settlement movements of the Great Trek.
Boer Wars[edit]
Main article: Boer Wars
During the First Boer War, the city was besieged by Republican forces in December 1880 and March 1881. The peace treaty which ended the war was signed in Pretoria on 3 August 1881 at the Pretoria Convention.
The Second Boer War resulted in the end of the Transvaal Republic and start of British hegemony in South Africa. The city surrendered to British forces under Frederick Roberts on 5 June 1900 and the conflict was ended in Pretoria with the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902.
The Pretoria Forts were built for the defence of the city just prior to the Second Boer War. Though some of these forts are today in ruins, a number of them have been preserved as national monuments.
Union of South Africa[edit]
Main article: Union of South Africa
The Boer Republics of the ZAR and the Orange River Colony were united with the Cape Colony and Natal Colony in 1910 to become the Union of South Africa. Pretoria then became the administrative capital of the whole of South Africa, with Cape Town the legislative capital and Bloemfontein served as the judicial capital. Between 1910 and 1994, the city was also the capital of the province of Transvaal. (As the capital of the ZAR, Pretoria had superseded Potchefstroom in that role.) On 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city status.[6] When South Africa became a republic in 1961, Pretoria remained its administrative capital.
Geography[edit]
Satellite image of Pretoria.
Pretoria is situated approximately 55 km (34 mi) north-northeast of Johannesburg in the northeast of South Africa, in a transitional belt between the plateau of the Highveld to the south and the lower-lying Bushveld to the north. It lies at an altitude of about 1,339 m (4,393 ft) above sea level,[7] in a warm, sheltered, fertile valley, surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg range.
The City is surrounded by the Magaliesberg Mountain range.
Climate[edit]
Pretoria has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with long hot rainy summers and short cool to cold, dry winters. The city experiences the typical winters of South Africa with cold, clear nights and mild to moderately warm days. Although the average lows during winter are mild, it can get cold due to the clear skies, with nighttime low temperatures in recent years in the range of 2 to −5 °C (36 to 23 °F). The average annual temperature is 18.7 °C (65.7 °F).[8] This is rather high, considering the city's relatively high altitude of about 1,339 metres (4,393 feet), and is due mainly to its sheltered valley position, which acts as a heat trap and cuts it off from cool southerly and south-easterly air masses for much of the year. Rain is chiefly concentrated in the summer months, with drought conditions prevailing over the winter months, when frosts may be sharp. Snowfall is an extremely rare event; snowflakes were spotted in 1959, 1968 and 2012 in the city, but the city has never experienced an accumulation in its history. During a nationwide heatwave in November 2011, Pretoria experienced temperatures that reached 39 °C (102 °F), unusual for that time of the year. Similar record-breaking extreme heat events also occurred in January 2013, when Pretoria experienced temperatures exceeding 37 °C (99 °F) on several days. The year 2014 was one of the wettest on record for the city. A total of 914 mm (36 in) fell up to the end of December, with 220 mm (9 in) recorded in this month alone. In 2015 Pretoria saw its worst drought since 1982; the month of November 2015 saw new records broken for high temperatures, with 43 °C (109 °F) recorded on the 11th of November after three weeks of temperatures between 35 °C (95 °F) and 43 °C (109 °F). January 2016 saw Pretoria reach a new record high of 44 °C (111 °F) on January 7, 2016.[citation needed]
[hide]Climate data for Pretoria (1961–1990. extremes 1951–1990)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
36.2
(97.2) 36.3
(97.3) 35.0
(95) 32.5
(90.5) 29.4
(84.9) 26.0
(78.8) 26.0
(78.8) 30.0
(86) 34.0
(93.2) 36.0
(96.8) 35.7
(96.3) 36.0
(96.8) 36.3
(97.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F)
33.2
(91.8) 32.1
(89.8) 31.2
(88.2) 28.7
(83.7) 25.9
(78.6) 23.2
(73.8) 23.5
(74.3) 27.1
(80.8) 31.1
(88) 32.2
(90) 32.6
(90.7) 32.7
(90.9) 34.3
(93.7)
Average high °C (°F)
28.5
(83.3) 28.0
(82.4) 26.9
(80.4) 24.1
(75.4) 21.8
(71.2) 18.9
(66) 19.5
(67.1) 22.1
(71.8) 25.5
(77.9) 26.6
(79.9) 27.0
(80.6) 28.0
(82.4) 24.7
(76.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)
22.6
(72.7) 22.1
(71.8) 21.0
(69.8) 17.9
(64.2) 14.7
(58.5) 11.5
(52.7) 11.9
(53.4) 14.7
(58.5) 18.6
(65.5) 20.1
(68.2) 21.0
(69.8) 21.9
(71.4) 18.2
(64.8)
Average low °C (°F)
17.8
(64) 17.3
(63.1) 16.1
(61) 12.6
(54.7) 8.2
(46.8) 4.8
(40.6) 4.8
(40.6) 7.6
(45.7) 11.9
(53.4) 14.4
(57.9) 15.8
(60.4) 16.8
(62.2) 12.3
(54.1)
Mean minimum °C (°F)
14.1
(57.4) 13.7
(56.7) 11.8
(53.2) 7.6
(45.7) 3.7
(38.7) 0.7
(33.3) 0.9
(33.6) 2.7
(36.9) 5.8
(42.4) 8.9
(48) 10.9
(51.6) 12.9
(55.2) 0.1
(32.2)
Record low °C (°F)
7.5
(45.5) 10.4
(50.7) 5.5
(41.9) 3.3
(37.9) −1.5
(29.3) −4.5
(23.9) −4.5
(23.9) −4.0
(24.8) −0.5
(31.1) 3.0
(37.4) 6.6
(43.9) 6.5
(43.7) −4.5
(23.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
135
(5.31) 76
(2.99) 79
(3.11) 54
(2.13) 13
(0.51) 7
(0.28) 3
(0.12) 5
(0.2) 20
(0.79) 73
(2.87) 100
(3.94) 108
(4.25) 673
(26.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
10.9 7.8 7.6 5.2 1.8 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.0 6.0 9.5 10.8 64.3
Average relative humidity (%)
62 63 63 63 56 54 50 45 44 52 59 61 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours
260.8 235.3 253.9 245.8 282.6 270.8 289.1 295.5 284.3 275.2 253.6 271.9 3,218.8
Source #1: NOAA,[9] Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)[10]
Source #2: South African Weather Service[11]
Demographics[edit]
Population density in and around Pretoria
<1 /km²
1–3 /km²
3–10 /km²
10–30 /km²
30–100 /km²
100–300 /km²
300–1000 /km²
1000–3000 /km²
>3000 /km²
Geographical distribution of home languages in Pretoria
Afrikaans
English
Ndebele
Zulu
Northern Sotho
Tswana
Tsonga
None dominant
Depending on the extent of the area understood to constitute "Pretoria", the population ranges from 700,000[12] to 2.95 million.[13] The main languages spoken in Pretoria are Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, Xitsonga, isiZulu, Afrikaans and English. The city of Pretoria has the largest white population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since its founding it has been a major Afrikaner population centre, and currently there are roughly 1 million Afrikaners living in or around the city.
Ethnic groups[edit]
Even since the end of Apartheid, Pretoria itself has a white majority, albeit an ever-increasing black middle-class. However, in the townships of Soshanguve and Atteridgeville black people make up close to all of the population. The largest white ethnic group are the Afrikaners and the largest black ethnic group are the Northern Sothos.
The lower estimate for the population of Pretoria includes largely former white-designated areas and there is therefore a white majority. However, including the geographically separate townships increases Pretoria's population beyond a million and makes whites a minority.
Pretoria's Indians were ordered to move from Pretoria to Laudium on 6 June 1958.[14]
Ethnic group
2001 population
2001%
2011 population
2011%
White 355,631 67.7% 389,022 52.5%
Black African 128,791 24.5% 311,149 42.0%
Coloured 32,727 6.2% 18,514 2.5%
Indian or Asian 8,238 1.6% 14,298 1.9%
Other - - 8,667 1.2%
Total 525,387 100% 741,651 100%
Cityscape[edit]
Pretoria is known as the "Jakaranda City" due to the approximately 50 000 Jacarandas that line its streets. Purple is a colour often associated with the city and is often included on local council logos and services such as the A Re Yeng rapid bus system and the logo of the local Jacaranda FM radio station.
Architecture[edit]
See also: Pretoria Forts
Media related to Buildings in Pretoria at Wikimedia Commons
Pretoria has over the years had very diverse cultural influences and this is reflected in the architectural styles that can be found in the city. It ranges from 19th century Dutch, German and British Colonial Architecture to modern, postmodern, neomodern, and art deco architecture styles with a good mix of a uniquely South African style.
Some of the notable structures in Pretoria include the late 19th century Palace of Justice, the early 20th century Union Buildings, the post-war Voortrekker Monument, the diverse buildings dotting the main campuses of both the University of Pretoria and the University of South Africa, traditional Cape Dutch style Mahlamba Ndlopfu (the President's House), the more modern Reserve Bank of South Africa (Office skyscraper) and the Telkom Lukas Rand Transmission Tower. Other well-known structures and buildings include the Loftus Versfeld Stadium, The South African State Theatre and the Oliver Tambo building which is the Headquarters of the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (which is a good example of neomodern architecture in South Africa).The Lukasrand Tower is located on Muckleneuk Hill in the Lukasrand suburb on the outskitrts of the central city and is a prominent landmark in the skyline.
The Eastern Wing of the Union Buildings
Fort Klapperkop
Neomodern architecture in Pretoria
The Palace of Justice
Central business district[edit]
The Central Business District
Despite the many corporate offices, small businesses, shops and government departments that are situated in Pretoria's sprawling suburbs, its Central Business District still retains its status as the traditional centre of government and commerce. Many banks, businesses, large corporations, shops, shopping centres and other businesses are situated in the city centre which is towered by several large skyscrapers, the tallest of which is the Poyntons Building (110 m (360 ft) tall), the ABSA Building (132 m (433 ft) tall) and the Reserve Bank of South Africa building (150 m (490 ft) tall).[15]
The area contains a large amount of historical buildings, monuments and museums that include the Pretoria City Hall, Pretorius Square, Church Square (Along with its many historical buildings and statues) and the Ou Raadsaal. There is also the Transvaal Museum (the country's leading natural history museum, which although it has changed venues a number of times, has been around since 1892), the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa (or more colloquially known as the Pretoria Zoo), Melrose House Museum in Jacob Maré Street, the Pretoria Art Museum and the African Window Cultural History Museum.
Several National Departments also have Head Offices in the Central Business district such as the Department of Health, Basic Education, Transport, Higher Education and Training, Sport and Recreation, Justice and Constitutional Development, Public Service and Administration, Water and Environmental Affairs and the National Treasury. The district also has a high number of residential buildings which house people who primarily work in the district.
Parks and gardens[edit]
Pretoria is home to the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa as well as the Pretoria National Botanical Garden.[16] There are also a number of smaller parks and gardens located throughout the city, including the Austin Roberts Bird Sanctuary, Pretorius Square gardens, the Pretoria Rosarium, Church Square, Pretoria Showgrounds, Springbok Park, Freedom Park, and Burgers Park, the oldest park in the city and now a national monument. In the suburbs there are also several parks that are notable: Rietondale Park, "Die Proefplaas" in the Queenswood suburb, Nelson Mandel Park and Mandela Park Peace Garden and Belgrave Square Park.
Suburbs[edit]
Main article: List of Pretoria suburbs
Transport[edit]
Street signs in Pretoria
Gautrain
The Blue Train
Railway[edit]
Commuter rail services around Pretoria are operated by Metrorail. The routes, originating from the city centre, extend south to Germiston and Johannesburg, west to Atteridgeville, northwest to Ga-Rankuwa, north to Soshanguve and east to Mamelodi.
The Gautrain high-speed railway line runs from the eastern suburb of Hatfield to Pretoria Station and then southwards to Centurion, Midrand, Marlboro, Sandton, OR Tambo International Airport, Rosebank and Johannesburg.
Pretoria Station is a departure point for the Blue Train luxury train. Rovos Rail,[17] a luxury mainline train safari service operates from the colonial-style railway station at Capital Park.[18] The South African Friends of the Rail have recently moved their vintage train trip operations from the Capital Park station to the Hercules station.[19]
Buses[edit]
Various bus companies exist in Pretoria, of which Putco is one of the oldest and most recognised. Tshwane(Pretoria) municipality provides for the rest of the bus transport and to view the time table please visit them at Tshwane Bus Booklet.[20]
Road[edit]
The N1 is the major freeway that runs through Pretoria. It enters the city from the south as the Ben Schoeman Highway. At the Brakfontein Interchange with the N14 it continues as The N1 Eastern Bypass bisects the large expanse of the eastern suburbs, routing traffic from Johannesburg to Polokwane and the north of the country. The R101 is the original N1, and served the same function before the construction of the highway. It runs through the centre of town rather than the eastern suburbs.
The N4 enters the town as a highway from Witbank in the east, merging with the N1 at the Proefplaas Interchange. It begins again north of the city, branching west from the N1 as the Platinum Highway, forming the Northern Bypass, and heading to Rustenburg. The N4 runs east–west through South Africa, connecting Maputo to Gaborone. Before the Platinum Highway was built, the N4 continued passed the Proefplaas Interchange to the city centre, where it became a regular road, before again becoming a highway west of the city. These roads are now designated the M2 and M4. There is a third, original east–west road: the R104, Church Street. Church Street is in the process of being renamed to a number of new names.
The N14 starts in the centre of town from the M4 (former N4). It is a normal road heading south through the centre before becoming the Ben Schoeman highway. At the Brakfontein interchange, the Ben Schoeman highway becomes the N1, but the N14 continues as the intersecting west-south-western highway towards Krugersdorp. The R114 parallels the N14 in its westward journey running just to the north of the highway.
The R21 provides a second north–south highway, further east. It starts from the Fountains Interchange south of the city centre, but is still a road until Monument Park, when it becomes a true highway. It crosses the N1 east of the Brakfontein Interchange at the Flying Saucer Interchange and runs north–south towards Ekurhuleni (specifically Kempton Park and Boksburg). Importantly it links Pretoria with the OR Tambo International Airport in Kempton Park.
A proposed third north–south highway, in the west of the city, the R80 is partially built. At present the highway begins in Soshanguve. It terminates just north of the city centre at an intersection with the M1. Plans have been in place for some time to extend this all the way past the M4 and N14 highways to the N1 in Randburg.
Pretoria is also served by many regional roads. The R55 starts at an interchange with the R80, and runs north–south west of the city to Sandton. The R50 starts from the N1 just after the Flying Saucer Interchange in the south-east of the city, and continues south-east towards Delmas. The R511 runs north–south from Randburg towards Brits and barely by-passes Pretoria to the west. The R514 starts from the M1, north of the city centre, and terminates at the R511. The R513 crosses Pretoria's northern suburbs from east to west. It links Pretoria to Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit in the east and Hartbeespoort in the west. The R566 takes origin in Pretoria's northern suburbs, and exits the town to the west just north of the R513. It connects Pretoria to Brits. Finally the R573 starts from the R513, just east of the town and heads north-east to Siyabuswa.
Pretoria is also served internally by metropolitan routes.
Airports[edit]
For scheduled air services, Pretoria is served by Johannesburg's airports: OR Tambo International, 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of central Pretoria; and Lanseria, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the city. Wonderboom Airport in the suburb of Wonderboom in the north of Pretoria primarily services light commercial and private aircraft. However, as from August 2015, scheduled flights from Wonderboom Airport to Cape Town International Airport were made available by SA Airlink. There are two military air bases to the south of the city, Swartkop and Waterkloof.
Society and culture[edit]
Media[edit]
Since Pretoria forms part the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, most radio, television and paper media is the same as the rest of the metro area.
Radio[edit]
Main article: Media in Pretoria
There are many radio stations in the greater Pretoria region, some of note are:
Impact Radio, is a Christian Community Radio Station based in Pretoria, and broadcasting on 103FM in the Greater Tshwane Area.
Jacaranda FM, previously known as Jacaranda 94.2, is a commercial South African radio station, broadcasting in English and Afrikaans, with a footprint that covers Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West Province and boasts a listening audience of 2 million people a week, and a digital community of more than 1,1 million people a month. The station's format is mainstream adult contemporary with programming constructed around a playlist of hit music from the 80's, 90's and now.
Tuks FM is the radio station of the University of Pretoria and one of South Africa's community broadcasters. It was one of the first community broadcasters in South Africa to be given an FM licence. It is known for contemporary music and is operated by UP's student base.
Radio Pretoria is a community-based radio station in Pretoria, South Africa, whose programmes are aimed at Afrikaners. It broadcasts 24 hours a day in stereo on 104.2 FM in the greater Pretoria area. Various other transmitters (with their own frequencies) in South Africa broadcast the station's content further afield, while the station is also available on Sentech's digital satellite platform.
Radio Kuber Kontrei is a community-based Internet (streaming) radio station in Pretoria, South Africa, whose programmes are aimed at Afrikaans-speaking Christians worldwide.
Television[edit]
Pretoria is serviced by eTV, SABC and MNET.
Paper[edit]
The city is serviced by a variety of printed publications namely;
Pretoria News is a daily newspaper established in Pretoria in 1898. It publishes a daily edition from Monday to Friday and a Weekend edition on Saturday and Sunday. It is an independent newspaper in the English language that serves the city and its direct environs. It is available online via the Independent online website.
Beeld is an Afrikaans-language daily newspaper that was launched on 16 September 1974. Beeld is distributed in four provinces of South Africa: Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, North West. Die Beeld (English: The Image) was an Afrikaans-language Sunday newspaper in the late 1960s.
Wrapped is an alternative lifestyle magazine from Africa that caters for the entire LGBT community and is not gender-dominated.
Pretoria Creole[edit]
Main article: Pretoria Sotho
Pretoria Sotho (called Sepitori by its speakers)[21] is the urban lingua franca of Pretoria and the Tshwane metropolitan area in South Africa. It is a combination of Tswana and Northern Sotho (Pedi), with influences from Tsotsitaal and other black South African languages. It is a creole language that developed in the city during the years of Apartheid.
Museums[edit]
The Voortrekker Monument
The Transvaal Museum
Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History a.k.a. African Window
Freedom Park
Hapo Museum
Kruger House (Residence of the president of the ZAR, Paul Kruger)
Mapungubwe Museum
Melrose House (The Treaty of Vereeniging which ended the Anglo-Boer War was signed here in 1902)
National Library of South Africa[22]
Pioneer Museum
Pretoria Art Museum
Pretoria Forts
South African Air Force Museum
Transvaal Museum
Van Tilburg Collection
Van Wouw Museum
Voortrekker Monument
Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum
Sammy Marks House[23]
Smuts House Museum
Freedom Park's amphitheatre
African Window
Paul Kruger's House
Melrose House
Music[edit]
A number of popular South African bands and musicians are originally from Pretoria. These include Desmond and the Tutus, Bittereinder, The Black Cat Bones, Seether, popular mostwako rapper JR, Joshua na die Reën and DJ Mujava who was raised in the town of Attridgeville.
The song "Marching to Pretoria" refers to this city. Pretoria was the capital of the South African Republic (a.k.a. Republic of the Transvaal; 1852-1881 and 1884-1902) the principal battleground for the First and Second Boer War, the latter which brought both the Transvaal and the Orange Free State republic under British rule. "Marching to Pretoria" was one of the songs that British soldiers sang as they marched from the Cape Colony, under British Rule since 1814, to the capital of the Southern African Republic (or in Dutch, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek). As the song's refrain puts it: "We are marching to Pretoria, Pretoria, Pretoria/We are marching to Pretoria, Pretoria, Hurrah."[24]
The opening line of John Lennon's Beatles' song I Am the Walrus, "I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together," is often believed to be based on the lyric "I'm with you and you're with me and so we are all together"[25] in "Marching to Pretoria." Lennon denied this, insisting his lyrics came from "nothing."[26]
Performing arts and galleries[edit]
Pretoria is home to an extensive portfolio of public art. A diverse and evolving city, Pretoria boasts a vibrant art scene and a variety of works that range from sculptures to murals to pieces by internationally and locally renowned artists. The Pretoria Art Museum is home to a vast collection of local artworks. After a bequest of 17th century Dutch artworks by Lady Michaelis in 1932 the art collection of Pretoria City Council expanded quickly to include South African works by Henk Pierneef, Pieter Wenning, Frans Oerder, Anton van Wouw and Irma Stern.[27] And according to the museum: "As South African museums in Cape Town and Johannesburg already had good collections of 17th, 18th and 19th century European art, it was decided to focus on compiling a representative collection of South African art" making it somewhat unusual compared to its contemporaries.[27]
Pretoria houses several performing arts venues including:[28] the South African State Theatre which houses the arts of Opera, musicals, plays and comedic performances.
A 9 metre tall statue of former president Nelson Mandela was unveiled in front of the Union Buildings on 16 December 2013.[29] Since Nelson Mandela's inauguration as South Africa's first majority elected president the Union Buildings have come to represent the new 'Rainbow Nation'.[30] Public art in Pretoria has flourished since the 2010 FIFA World Cup with many areas receiving new public artworks.[31]
Sport[edit]
Loftus Versfeld Stadium
One of the most popular sports in Pretoria is rugby union. Loftus Versfeld is home to the Blue Bulls, who compete in the domestic Currie Cup, and also to the Bulls in the international Super Rugby competition. The Bulls Super Rugby team, which is operated by the Blue Bulls, won the competition in 2007, 2009 and 2010. Loftus Versfeld also hosts the soccer side Mamelodi Sundowns.
Pretoria also hosted matches during the 1995 Rugby World Cup. Loftus Versfeld was used for matches of soccer in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
There are three soccer teams in the city playing in South Africa's top flight football League, the Premier Soccer League. They are Mamelodi Sundowns and Supersport United. Supersport United were the 2008–09 PSL Champions. Following the 2011/2012 season the University of Pretoria F.C. gained promotion to the South African Premier Soccer League (PSL), the top domestic league.[32][33]
Cricket is also a popular game in the city. As there is no international cricket stadium in the city, it does not host any top-class cricket tournaments, although the nearby situated Centurion has Supersport Park which is an international cricket stadium and has hosted many important tournaments such as 2003 Cricket World Cup, 2007 ICC World Twenty20, 2009 IPL and 2009 ICC Champions Trophy. The most local franchise team to Pretoria is the Titans, although Northerns occasionally play in the city in South Africa's provincial competitions. Many Pretoria born cricketers have gone on to play for South Africa, including current captain AB de Villiers and T20 captain Faf du Plessis.
The Pretoria Transnet Blind Cricket Club is situated in Pretoria and is currently the biggest Blind Cricket club in South Africa. Their field is at the Transnet Engineering campus on Lynette Street, home of differently disabled cricket. PTBCC has played many successful blind cricket matches with abled body team such as the South African Indoor Cricket Team and TuksCricket Junior Academy. Northerns Blind Cricket is the Provincial body that governs PTBCC and Filefelfia Secondary School. The Northern Blind Cricket team won the 40 over National Blind Cricket tournament that was held in Cape Town in April 2014.[34]
Religious buildings[edit]
Paul Kruger's Church Building in the City
Ooskerk building in Pretoria
The Old Synagogue Building in Pretoria. It is now no longer used as a Synagogue but is now a Grade II Provincial Heritage Resource and protected under the National Heritage Resources Act (25 of 1999).[35]
Churches[edit]
Anglican Diocese of Pretoria
Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa
Central Baptist Church
Christian Revival Church
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa
Full Gospel Church of God / Volle Evangelie Kerk van God
Hatfield Christian Church
Hillsong Church
Methodist Church of Southern Africa
Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pretoria
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Shofar Christian Church
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Praise Tabernacle
Hindu temples[edit]
Mariammen Temple (Marabastad)
Mosques[edit]
Masjid Al-Noor (Arcadia)
The Central Mosque (Pretoria Central)
Synagogues and Jewish congregations[edit]
Old Synagogue Building
Adath Israel
Bet Menorah Pretoria Progressive Jewish Congregation
Temple Menorah[36]
Commerce and industry[edit]
The city is a major commercial centre and an important industrial centre. Its main industries are iron and steel works, copper casting, and the manufacture of automobiles, railway carriages and heavy machinery.
Pretoria has a number of industrial areas, business districts and small home businesses. A number of chambers of commerce exist for Pretoria and its business community including Pretoriaweb a business networking group that meets once a month to discuss the issues of doing business in Pretoria. The members of Pretoriaweb also discuss issues in various social media environments and on the website.
Coat of arms[edit]
Pretoria civic coat of arms (1907)
The Pretoria civic arms, designed by Dr Frans Engelenburg,[37] were granted by the College of Arms on 7 February 1907. They were registered with the Transvaal Provincial Administration in March 1953[38] and at the Bureau of Heraldry in May 1968.[39] The Bureau provided new artwork, in a more modern style, in 1989.[40]
The arms were : Gules, on an mimosa tree eradicated proper within an orle of eight bees volant, Or, an inescutcheon Or and thereon a Roman praetor seated proper. In layman's terms : a red shield displaying an uprooted mimosa tree surrounded by a border of eight golden bees, superimposed on the tree is a golden shield depicting a Roman praetor. The tree represented growth, the bees industry, and the praetor (judge) was an heraldic pun on the name.
The crest was a three-towered golden castle; the supporters were an eland and a kudu; and the motto Praestantia praevaleat Pretoria. The coat of arms have gone out of favour after the City Council amalgamated with its surrounding councils to form the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.
Academia[edit]
Secondary education[edit]
[show]
List of Secondary Schools
Afrikaanse Hoër Meisieskool
Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool
Christian Brothers' College, Mount Edmund
Christian Progressive College
Clapham High School
Cornwall Hill College
Crawford College, Pretoria
Deutsche Schule Pretoria
The Glen High School
Hillview High School
Hoërskool Akasia
Hoërskool C.R. Swart
Hoërskool Centurion
Hoërskool Die Wilgers
Hoërskool Eldoraigne
Hoërskool Garsfontein
Hoërskool Gerrit Maritz
Hoerskool Hendrik Verwoerd
Hoërskool Hercules
Hoërskool Langenhoven
Hoërskool Menlopark
Hoërskool Montana
Hoërskool F.H. Odenaal
Hoërskool Oos-Moot
Hoërskool Overkruin
Hoërskool Pretoria Noord
Hoërskool Silverton
Hoërskool Tuine
Hoërskool Voortrekkerhoogte
Hoërskool Waterkloof
Hoërskool Wonderboom
HTS John Vorster
HTS Tuine
Pretoria Boys High School
Pretoria High School for Girls
Pretoria Muslim School
Pretoria Secondary School
Pretoria Technical High School
Pretoria West High School
Pro Arte Alphen Park
St. Mary's Diocesan School for Girls, Pretoria
Willowridge High School (Pretoria)
Woodhill College
International schools[edit]
Schools for foreign students:
École Miriam Makeba (French school)
Deutsche Schule Pretoria (German school)
Russian Embassy School in Pretoria
AISJ-Pretoria
North American International School
Star College Pretoria
Tertiary education[edit]
See also: List of universities in South Africa
Pretoria is one of South Africa's leading academic cities and is home to both the largest residential university in South Africa, largest distance education university in South Africa and a research intensive university. The three Universities in the city in order of the year founded are as follows:
University of South Africa[edit]
The Muckleneuk Campus of UNISA.
The University of South Africa (commonly referred to as Unisa), founded in 1873 as the University of the Cape of Good Hope, is the largest university on the African continent and attracts a third of all higher education students in South Africa. It spent most of its early history as an examining agency for Oxford and Cambridge universities and as an incubator from which most other universities in South Africa are descended. In 1946 it was given a new role as a distance education university and in 2012 it had a student headcount of over 300 000 students, including African and international students in 130 countries worldwide, making it one of the world's mega universities. Unisa is a dedicated open distance education institution and offers both vocational and academic programmes.
University of Pretoria[edit]
Old Arts Building (Ou Lettere Gebou) of the University of Pretoria.
The University of Pretoria (commonly referred to as UP, Tuks, or Tukkies) is a multi campus public research university.[41] The university was established in 1908 as the Pretoria campus of the Johannesburg based Transvaal University College and is the fourth South African institution in continuous operation to be awarded university status. Established in 1920, the University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science is the second oldest veterinary school in Africa and the only veterinary school in South Africa.[42] In 1949 the university launched the first MBA programme outside of North America.[43][44] Since 1997, the university has produced more research outputs every year than any other institution of higher learning in South Africa, as measured by the Department of Education's accreditation benchmark.[45]
Tshwane University of Technology[edit]
Tshwane University of Technology.
The Tshwane University of Technology (commonly referred to as TUT) is a higher education institution, offering vocational oriented diplomas and degrees, and came into being through a merger of Technikon Northern Gauteng, Technikon North-West and Technikon Pretoria. TUT caters for approximately 60,000 students and it has become the largest residential higher education institution in South Africa.
CSIR[edit]
The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is South Africa's central scientific research and development organisation. It was established by an act of parliament in 1945 and is situated on its own campus in the city.[46] It is the largest research and development organisation in Africa and accounts for about 10% of the entire African R&D budget. It has a staff of approximately 3,000 technical and scientific researchers, often working in multi-disciplinary teams. In 2002, Dr Sibusiso Sibisi was appointed as the president and CEO of the CSIR
Military[edit]
A statue commemorating all South African Defence Force personnel who had lost their lives in service of the Republic of South Africa in Fort Klapperkop, Pretoria
Pretoria has earned a reputation as being the centre of South Africa's Military and is home to several military facilities of the South African National Defence Force:
Military headquarters[edit]
Transito Air Force Headquarters[edit]
This complex is the headquarters to the South African Air Force.
The Dequar Road Complex[edit]
A military complex that houses the following:
South African Army's Headquarters
South African Infantry Formation HQ
A General Support Base
Support Formation HQ
Training Formation HQ
The 102 Field Workshop unit
The 17 Maintenance Unit
The S.A.M.S Military Health Department.[47]
The Sebokeng Complex[edit]
A military complex located on the corner of Patriot Street and Koraalboom Road[48] that houses the following military headquarters:
South African Army Armour Formation HQ
South African Army Artillery Formation HQ
South African Army Intelligence Corps HQ
South African Army Air Defence Artillery Formation HQ[47]
Military bases[edit]
The Dequar Road Base[edit]
This base is situated in the suburb of Salvokop and is divided into two parts:
The Green Magazine (Groen Magazyn) which is the Headquarters to the Transvaalse Staatsartillerie, A reserve artillery regiment of the South African Army[49]
Magazine Hill which is the regimental Headquarters to the Pretoria Regiment, A reserve tank regiment of the South African Army.[47][50]
Thaba Tshwane[edit]
Thaba Tshwane is a large military area South-West of the Pretoria Central Business District and North of Air Force Base Swartkop. It is the Headquarters of several Army units-
The Tshwane Regiment, A reserve motorised infantry regiment of the South African Army.[51]
The 18 Light Regiment, A reserve artillery regiment of the South African Army.[49]
The National Ceremonial Guard and Band.
The military base also houses the 1 Military Hospital and the Military Police School. Within Thaba Tshwane a facility known as "TEK Base" exists which houses its own units-
The SA Army Engineer Formation
2 Parachute Battalion
44 Parachute Engineer Regiment
1 Military Printing Regiment
4 Survey and Map Regiment[47]
Joint Support Base Wonderboom[edit]
The Wonderboom Military Base is located adjacent to the Wonderboom Airport and is the headquarters of the South African Army Signals Formation. It also houses the School of Signals, 1 Signal Regiment, 2 Signal Regiment, 3 Electronic Workshop, 4 Signal Regiment and 5 Signal Regiment.[52]
Military colleges[edit]
The South African Army College in Pretoria
The South African Air Force College, the South African Military Health Service School for Military Health Training and the South African Army College are situated in the Thaba Tshwane Military Base and are used to train Commissioned and Non-commissioned Officers to perform effectively in combat/command roles in the various branches of the South African National Defence Force. The South African Defence Intelligence College is also located in the Sterrewag Suburb north of Air Force Base Waterkloof.[47][53]
Air force bases[edit]
While technically not within the city limits of Pretoria, Air Force Base Swartkop and Air Force Base Waterkloof are often used for defence related matters within the city. These may include aerial military transport duties within the city, aerospace monitoring and defence as well as VIP transport to and from the city.
Change of name[edit]
On 26 May 2005 the South African Geographical Names Council (SAGNC), which is linked to the Directorate of Heritage in the Department of Arts and Culture, approved changing the name of Pretoria to Tshwane, which is already the name of the Metropolitan Municipality[54] in which Pretoria, and a number of surrounding towns are located. Although the name change was approved by the SAGNC, it has not yet been approved by the Minister of Arts and Culture. The matter is currently under consideration while he has requested further research on the matter. Should the Minister approve the name change, the name will be published in the Government Gazette, giving the public opportunity to comment on the matter. The Minister can then refer that public response back to the SAGNC, before presenting his recommendation before parliament, who will vote on the change. Various public interest groups have warned that the name change will be challenged in court, should the minister approve the renaming. The long process involved made it unlikely the name would change anytime soon, if ever, even assuming the Minister had approved the change in early 2006.
The Tshwane Metro Council has advertised Tshwane as "Africa's leading capital city" since the name change was approved by the SAGNC in 2005. This has led to further controversy, however, as the name of the city had not yet been changed officially, and the council was, at best, acting prematurely. Following a complaint lodged with the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA), it was ruled that such advertisements are deliberately misleading and should be withdrawn from all media.[55] Despite the rulings of the ASA, Tshwane Metro Council failed to discontinue their "City of Tshwane" advertisements. As a result, the ASA requested that Tshwane Metro pay for advertisements in which it admits that it has misled the public. Refusing to abide by the ASA's request, the Metro Council was banned consequently from placing any advertisements in the South African media that refer to Tshwane as the capital. ASA may still place additional sanctions on the Metro Council that would prevent it from placing any advertisements in the South African media, including council notices and employment vacancies.[56][57]
After the ruling, the Metro Council continued to place Tshwane advertisements, but placed them on council-owned advertising boards and busstops throughout the municipal area. In August 2007, an internal memo was leaked to the media in which the Tshwane mayor sought advice from the premier of Gauteng on whether the municipality could be called the "City of Tshwane" instead of just "Tshwane".[58] This could increase confusion about the distinction between the city of Pretoria and the municipality of Tshwane.
In early 2010 it was again rumoured that the South African government would make a decision regarding the name, however, a media briefing regarding name changes, where it may have been discussed, was cancelled shortly before taking place.[59] Rumours of the name change provoked outrage from Afrikaner civil rights and political groups.[60] It later emerged that the registration of the municipality as a geographic place had been published in the government gazette as it had been too late to withdraw the name from the publication,[61] but it was announced that the name had been withdrawn, pending "further work" by officials.[62][63] The following week, the registration of "Tshwane" was officially withdrawn in the Government Gazette.[64][65] The retraction had reportedly been ordered at the behest of the Deputy President of South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, acting on behalf of President Jacob Zuma, as minister of Arts and Culture Lulu Xingwana had acted contrary to the position of the ANC, which is that Pretoria and the municipality are separate entities, which was subsequently articulated by ANC secretary general Gwede Mantashe.[66]
In March 2010, the "Tshwane Royal House Committee", claiming to be descendents of Chief Tshwane, called for the name to be changed, and for the descendents of Chief Tshwane to be recognised, and to be made part of the administration of the municipality.[67]
According to comments made by Mayor Kgosientso Ramokgopa in late 2011, the change would occur in 2012.[68][69] However, there remained considerable uncertainty about the issue.[70]
As of 2017[update], the proposed name change has not occurred and is now unlikely to happen.[citation needed]
Twin towns and sister cities[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in South Africa
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Pretoria is twinned with:
Amman, Jordan
Baku, Azerbaijan
Delft, Netherlands
Kiev, Ukraine
Taipei, Taiwan
Tehran, Iran
Washington, D.C., United States
Shopping malls[edit]
Sammy Marks Square, Pretoria
Atterbury Boulevard
Atterbury Value Mart
Brooklyn Mall*
Brooklyn Design Square (attached to Brooklyn Mall)
Bloed Street Mall
Centurion Mall (upon Hennops River)*
Hatfield Plaza*
Irene Village Mall*
Jacaranda Mall
Kolonnade Centre*
Mall of Africa*
Mall @ Reds*
Menlyn Retail Park
Menlyn Park*
Parkview Centre
Sammy Marks Shopping Centre
Sancardia Shopping Centre
Sterland Mall*
Soshanguve Crossing
Sunny Park
The Grove Shopping Centre*
Woodlands Boulevard*
Wonderboom Junction Shopping Centre
Wonderpark Shopping Centre*
Note: Malls marked with an asterisk are malls with at least a 4-screen cinema complex. Kolonnade Centre was the only mall in the city with a public ice-skating rink. It closed due to high levels of rent and the management of the mall deciding to build shops in its place. In 2014, The Grove Shopping Centre as well as Forest Hill Mall both opened ice-skating rinks.[71] Currently the Menlyn Park Mall is undergoing a substantial refurbishment and expansion which will, upon completion, make it one of the largest malls in South Africa.
Notable people[edit]
Anel Alexander, actress
Frances Ames, neurologist, psychiatrist, and human rights activist.
Melinda Bam, Miss South Africa 2011
Johan Barkhuizen, cricketer
Margaret Becklake, academic and epidemiologist.
Daniel Bekker, athlete.
Deanne Bergsma, ballerina.
Conrad Bo, artist
Roelof Botha, venture capitalist.
Wim Botha, artist
Rory Byrne, chief designer at the Benetton and Scuderia Ferrari Formula One teams.
Nigel Green,actor
George Gristock, VC award receiver.
Steve Hofmeyr, singer, songwriter and actor.
Glynis Johns, actress
Gé Korsten, opera tenor and actor.
Paul Kruger, president of the South African Republic
Thomas Madigage, soccer player
Tony Maggs, Formula 1 driver
Vusi Mahlasela, singer-songwriter
Ismail Mahomed, lawyer who served as the Chief Justice of South Africa and the Supreme Court of Namibia and co-authored the constitution of Namibia
Magnus Malan, Minister of Defence in the cabinet of President P. W. Botha, Chief of the South African Defence Force (SADF) and Chief of the South African Army.
Eugène Marais, lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer.
Sammy Marks, entrepreneur
Thulasizwe Mbuyane, soccer player.
Karin Melis Mey, athlete
Tim Modise, journalist, TV and radio presenter.
Chris Morris (cricketer)
Es'kia Mphahlele, writer, educationist, artist and activist celebrated as the Father of African Humanism.
Helene Muller, athlete
Elon Musk, CEO and CTO of SpaceX, CEO and product architect of Tesla Motors, and chairman of SolarCity.
Kimbal Musk, entrepreneur
Wim Naudé, Dean-Director of Maastricht School of Management
Micki Pistorius, profiler and author.
Oscar Pistorius, athlete
Louis Hendrik Potgieter, member of Dschinghis Khan pop band.
Austin Stevens, herpetologist, wildlife photographer, film maker and author
Arnold Vosloo, actor
Casper de Vries, comedian
Joost van der Westhuizen, rugby union player
Anton van Wouw, sculptor and artist
Ronald Bright Makuwaza - toolmaker
Places of interest[edit]
Statue of Paul Kruger on Church Square, Pretoria
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Pretoria National Botanical Garden, a botanical garden containing a massive collection of native flora.
Scottish country dancing, open to everyone Thursday evenings in Hatfield at St. Columba's Presbyterian Church hall
The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, the premier zoological gardens of South Africa.
Church Square, the historical governamental centre of the South African Republic.
Union Buildings, the executive branch of the South African government.
Mahlamba Ndlopfu, the official residence of the President of South Africa.
Marabastad, a historical shopping district for non-whites during Apartheid.
Menlyn Park, shopping area
Voortrekker Monument, a historical complex dedicated to the Great Trek.
Hatfield Square, the main student relaxation district.
Pretoria railway station, a historical landmark and departure point for metrorail and Gautrain trains.
Freedom Park, a historical complex dedicated to the end of Apartheid and the fallen soldiers of South Africa after 1994.
Pretoria Forts, historical bastions designed to protect the city against the British, including a museum on the Boer Wars.
State Theatre, South Africa, the premier national performing arts complex.
Government House, Pretoria
Nature reserves[edit]
Groenkloof Nature Reserve
Rietvlei Nature Reserve
Moreletaspruit Nature Reserve
Faerie Glen Nature Reserve
Wonderboom Nature Reserve
Roodeplaat Dam Provincial Nature Reserve
Chamberlain Bird Sanctuary
See also[edit]
South Africa portal
Pretoria Wireless Users Group—a free, non-profit, community wireless network in Pretoria
Union Buildings
Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa
Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
Mahlamba Ndlopfu, the Presidential residence in Pretoria.
Sir Herbert Baker
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Jump up ^ Location Settings (22 November 2011). "Pretoria will become Tshwane - mayor". News24. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Old cities, new names | Radio Netherlands Worldwide". Rnw.nl. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Pretoria of Tshwane? Minister weet self nie". Beeld. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Grove Ice rink". Retrieved 25 February 2014.
Bibliography[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of Pretoria
External links[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica article Pretoria.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pretoria.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pretoria.
City of Tshwane; Metropolitan Municipality official website
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Seat: Pretoria
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Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 167343013
LCCN: n79023000
GND: 4116098-8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&oldid=828137886"
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values: Template:City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

values: Template talk:City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

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external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/167343013

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external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4116098-8

values: Category:Populated places established in 1855

values: Category:Populated places founded by Afrikaners

values: Category:Populated places in the City of Tshwane

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values: Category:Use South African English from May 2012

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values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017

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values: Category:Articles needing cleanup from December 2016

values: Category:Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from December 2016

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/wiki/Pretoria
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values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values: بريتوريا – Arabic

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values:
https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Arpitan
frp
frp
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frp
display: none;

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoriya
Pretoriya – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Прэторыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

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interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Претория – Bulgarian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values: ཕི་རི་ཐོ་རི་ཡ། – Tibetan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bo
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

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interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Nyanja
ny
ny
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ny
display: none;

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sn
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Pennsylvania German
pdc
pdc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Πρετόρια – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorio
Pretorio – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: پرتوریا – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hif
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values: 프리토리아 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Hausa
ha
ha
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ha
display: none;

values: Պրետորիա – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: प्रिटोरिया – Hindi

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
display: none;

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ie
display: none;

values: Претори – Ossetic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-os
display: none;

values:
https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Pitoli
E-Pitoli – Xhosa
xh
xh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xh
display: none;

values:
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPitoli
IPitoli – Zulu
zu
zu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: פרטוריה – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: პრეტორია – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Претория – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Cornish
kw
kw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kw
display: none;

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Kongo
kg
kg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kg
display: none;

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values: Претория – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetoria
Praetoria – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija
Pretorija – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija
Pretorija – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lij
display: none;

values:
https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Lingala
ln
ln
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ln
display: none;

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Преторија – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Malagasy
mg
mg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values: പ്രിട്ടോറിയ – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: प्रिटोरिया – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Min Dong Chinese
cdo
cdo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo
display: none;

values: Претория – Moksha

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values: Претори – Chechen

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Novial
nov
nov
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nov
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoriya
Pretoriya – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਪ੍ਰਿਟੋਰੀਆ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Piedmontese
pms
pms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Romansh
rm
rm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rm
display: none;

values: Претория – Russian

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Northern Sotho
nso
nso
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nso
display: none;

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitoli
Pitoli – Swati
ss
ss
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ss
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija
Pretorija – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Silesian
szl
szl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-so
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Преторија – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: பிரிட்டோரியா – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Kabyle
kab
kab
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kab
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: ప్రిటోరియా – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values: พริทอเรีย – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Venda
ve
ve
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ve
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Претория – Udmurt

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-udm
display: none;

values: Преторія – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: پریٹوریا – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ug
display: none;

values:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorii
Pretorii – Veps
vep
vep
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vep
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Volapük
vo
vo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vo
display: none;

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values:
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria
Pretoria – Yoruba
yo
yo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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