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History of the periodic table
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A collection of historic documents that led to the development of the modern periodic table (clockwise from top left) – Lavoisier's 'Table of Simple substances' (1789); de Chancourtois' 'Telluric Screw' (1862); Mendeleev's hand-written periodic table (1869); a modern periodic table (2016); John Dalton's list of atomic weights & symbols. (1808)[1]
The periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements and are organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations and recurring chemical properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number. The standard form of the table consists of a grid of elements with rows called periods and columns called groups.
The history of the periodic table reflects over a century of growth in the understanding of chemical properties. The most important event in its history occurred in 1869, when the table was published by Dmitri Mendeleev,[2] who built upon earlier discoveries by scientists such as Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier and John Newlands, but who is nevertheless generally given sole credit for its development.
Contents
1 Antiquity to the 18th century
1.1 Hennig Brand
1.2 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
2 19th century
2.1 William Prout
2.2 Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
2.3 Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois
2.4 John Newlands
2.5 Mendeleev
2.6 Lothar Meyer
2.7 William Odling
3 20th century
3.1 Frederick Soddy
3.2 Henry Moseley
3.3 Glenn T. Seaborg
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Antiquity to the 18th century[edit]
Further information: Classical element
A number of physical elements (such as platinum, mercury, tin and zinc) have been known from antiquity, as they are found in their native form and are relatively simple to mine with primitive tools.[3] Around 330 BCE, the Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that everything is made up of a mixture of one or more roots, an idea that had originally been suggested by the Sicilian philosopher Empedocles. The four roots, which were later renamed as elements by Plato, were earth, water, air and fire. Similar ideas about these four elements also existed in other ancient traditions, such as Indian philosophy. While Aristotle and Plato understood the concept of an element, their ideas did nothing to advance the understanding of the nature of matter.
Hennig Brand, as shown in The Alchemist Discovering Phosphorus
Hennig Brand[edit]
The history of the periodic table is also a history of the discovery of the chemical elements. The first person in history to discover a new element was Hennig Brand, a bankrupt German merchant. Brand tried to discover the Philosopher's Stone — a mythical object that was supposed to turn inexpensive base metals into gold. In 1669 (or later), his experiments with distilled human urine resulted in the production of a glowing white substance, which he called "cold fire" (kaltes Feuer).[4] He kept his discovery secret until 1680, when Robert Boyle rediscovered phosphorus and published his findings. The discovery of phosphorus helped to raise the question of what it meant for a substance to be an element.
In 1661, Boyle defined an element as "those primitive and simple Bodies of which the mixt ones are said to be composed, and into which they are ultimately resolved."[5]
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier[edit]
Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier
Lavoisier's Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry), which was written in 1789 and first translated into English by the writer Robert Kerr, is considered to be the first modern textbook about chemistry. Lavoisier defined an element as a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction.[6] This simple definition served for a century and lasted until the discovery of subatomic particles. Lavoisier's book contained a list of "simple substances" that Lavoisier believed could not be broken down further, which included oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, mercury, zinc and sulfur, which formed the basis for the modern list of elements. Lavoisier's list also included 'light' and 'caloric', which at the time were believed to be material substances. He classified these substances into metals and non metals. While many leading chemists refused to believe Lavoisier's new revelations, the Elementary Treatise was written well enough to convince the younger generation. However, Lavoisier's descriptions of his elements lack completeness, as he only classified them as metals and non-metals.
19th century[edit]
William Prout[edit]
In 1815, the English physician and chemist William Prout noticed that atomic weights seemed to be multiples of that of hydrogen.[7]
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner[edit]
In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a chemist, began to formulate one of the earliest attempts to classify the elements.[8] In 1829, he found that he could form some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each group having related properties. He termed these groups triads.[9]
Definition of Triad law:-"Chemically analogous elements arranged in increasing order of their atomic weights formed well marked groups of three called Triads in which the atomic weight of the middle element was found to be generally the arithmetic mean of the atomic weight of the other two elements in the triad.
chlorine, bromine, and iodine
calcium, strontium, and barium
sulfur, selenium, and tellurium
lithium, sodium, and potassium
Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois[edit]
Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French geologist, was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements — similar elements occurring at regular intervals when they are ordered by their atomic weights. In 1862 he devised an early form of periodic table, which he named Vis tellurique (the 'telluric helix'), after the element tellurium, which fell near the center of his diagram.[10][11] With the elements arranged in a spiral on a cylinder by order of increasing atomic weight, de Chancourtois saw that elements with similar properties lined up vertically. His 1863 publication included a chart (which contained ions and compounds,[12] in addition to elements), but his original paper in the Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences used geological rather than chemical terms and did not include a diagram. As a result, de Chancourtois' ideas received little attention until after the work of Dmitri Mendeleev had been publicised.[13]
John Newlands[edit]
Newlands' law of octaves
In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties.[14][15][16][11]
Newlands noted that many pairs of similar elements existed, which differed by some multiple of eight in mass number, and was the first to assign them an atomic number.[1] When his 'law of octaves' was printed in Chemistry News, likening this periodicity of eights to the musical scale, it was ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. His lecture to the Chemistry Society on 1 March 1866 was not published, the Society defending their decision by saying that such 'theoretical' topics might be controversial.[17]
The importance of Newlands' analysis was eventually recognised by the Chemistry Society with a Gold Medal five years after they recognised Mendeleev's work. It was not until the following century, with Gilbert N. Lewis's valence bond theory (1916) and Irving Langmuir's octet theory of chemical bonding (1919), that the importance of the periodicity of eight would be accepted.[18][19][20] The Royal Chemistry Society acknowledged Newlands' contribution to science in 2008, when they put a Blue Plaque on the house where he was born, which described him as the "discoverer of the Periodic Law for the chemical elements".[1]
He contributed the word 'periodic' in chemistry.
Mendeleev[edit]
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
Zeitschrift für Chemie (1869, pages 405–6), in which Mendeleev's periodic table is first published outside Russia.
Mendeleev's 1871 periodic table. Dashes: unknown elements. Group I-VII: modern group 1–2 and 3–7 with transition metals added; some of these extend into a group VIII. Noble gases unknown (and unpredicted).
The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to make a periodic table similar to the one used today.[citation needed] Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass, corresponding to relative molar mass. It is sometimes said that he played 'chemical solitaire' on long train journeys, using cards with various facts about the known elements.[21] On March 6, 1869, Mendeleev gave a formal presentation, The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements, to the Russian Chemical Society. In 1869, the table was published in an obscure Russian journal and then republished in a German journal, Zeitschrift für Chemie.[22][23] In it, Mendeleev stated that:
The elements, if arranged according to their atomic mass, exhibit an apparent periodicity of properties.
Elements which are similar as regards to their chemical properties have atomic weights which are either of nearly the same value (e.g., Pt, Ir, Os) or which increase regularly (e.g., K, Rb, Cs).
The arrangement of the elements, or of groups of elements in the order of their atomic masses, corresponds to their so-called valencies, as well as, to some extent, to their distinctive chemical properties; as is apparent among other series in that of Li, Be, B, C, N, O, and F.
The elements which are the most widely diffused have small atomic weights.
The magnitude of the atomic weight determines the character of the element, just as the magnitude of the molecule determines the character of a compound body.
We must expect the discovery of many yet unknown elements – for example, elements analogous to aluminium and silicon – whose atomic weight would be between 65 and 75.
The atomic weight of an element may sometimes be amended by a knowledge of those of its contiguous elements. Thus the atomic weight of tellurium must lie between 123 and 126, and cannot be 128.
Certain characteristic properties of elements can be foretold from their atomic masses.
Scientific benefits of Mendeleev's table
It enabled Mendeleev to predict the discovery of new elements and left spaces for them, namely eka-silicon (germanium, discovered in 1885), eka-aluminium (gallium, 1875), and eka-boron (scandium, 1879).[11] Thus, there was no disturbance in the periodic table.
It could be used by Mendeleev to point out that some of the atomic weights being used at the time were incorrect.
It provided for variance from atomic weight order.
Shortcomings of Mendeleev's table
The table was not able to predict the existence of the noble gases, but did, however, leave spaces for yet to be discovered elements to slot into. Time proved this audacious calculation correct. However, when this entire family of elements was discovered, William Ramsay was able to add them to the table as Group 0, without the basic concept of the periodic table being disturbed.
A single position could not be assigned to hydrogen, which could be placed either in the alkali metals group, the halogens group or separately above the table between boron and carbon.[24]
The lanthanides were difficult to fit into the table.[11]
Polonium and radium, discovered by Marie Curie in 1898, also were difficult to fit into the table.[11]
Lothar Meyer[edit]
Unknown to Mendeleev, a German chemist, Lothar Meyer, was also working on a periodic table.[11] Although his work was published in 1864, and was done independently of Mendeleev, few historians regard him as an equal co-creator of the periodic table. Meyer's table only included twenty-eight elements, which were not classified by atomic weight, but by valence, and he never reached the idea of predicting new elements and correcting atomic weights. A few months after Mendeleev published his periodic table of the known elements, predicted new elements to help complete his table and corrected the atomic weights of some of the elements, Meyer published a virtually identical periodic table.
Meyer and Mendeleev are considered by some historians of science to be the co-creators of the periodic table, but Mendeleev's accurate prediction of the qualities of undiscovered elements enables him to have the larger share of the credit.
William Odling[edit]
In 1864, the English chemist William Odling also drew up a table that was remarkably similar to the table produced by Mendeleev.[25] Odling overcame the tellurium-iodine problem and even managed to get thallium, lead, mercury and platinum into the right groups, which is something that Mendeleev failed to do at his first attempt. Odling failed to achieve recognition, however, since it is suspected that he, as Secretary of the Chemical Society of London, was instrumental in discrediting Newlands' earlier work on the periodic table.[17]
20th century[edit]
Frederick Soddy[edit]
By 1912 almost 50 different radioactive elements had been found, too many for the periodic table. Frederick Soddy in 1913 found that although they emitted different radiation, many elements were alike in their chemical characteristics so shared the same place on the table.[26] They became known as isotopes, from the Greek eisos topos ("same place").[11][27]
Henry Moseley[edit]
Henry Moseley
In 1914, a year before he was killed in action at Gallipoli, the English physicist Henry Moseley found a relationship between the X-ray wavelength of an element and its atomic number.[28] He was then able to re-sequence the periodic table by nuclear charge, rather than by atomic weight. Before this discovery, atomic numbers were sequential numbers based on an element's atomic weight. Moseley's discovery showed that atomic numbers were in fact based upon experimental measurements.
Using information about their X-ray wavelengths, Moseley placed argon (with an atomic number Z=18) before potassium (Z=19), despite the fact that argon's atomic weight of 39.9 is greater than the atomic weight of potassium (39.1). The new order was in agreement with the chemical properties of these elements, since argon is a noble gas and potassium is an alkali metal. Similarly, Moseley placed cobalt before nickel and was able to explain that tellurium occurs before iodine, without revising the experimental atomic weight of tellurium, as had been proposed by Mendeleev.
Moseley's research showed that there were gaps in the periodic table at atomic numbers 43 and 61, which are now known to be occupied by technetium and promethium respectively.
Glenn T. Seaborg[edit]
During his Manhattan Project research in 1943, Glenn T. Seaborg experienced unexpected difficulties in isolating the elements americium and curium. Seaborg wondered if these elements belonged to a different series, which would explain why their chemical properties were different from what was expected. In 1945, against the advice of colleagues, he proposed a significant change to Mendeleev's table: the actinide series.
Seaborg's actinide concept of heavy element electronic structure, predicting that the actinides form a transition series analogous to the rare earth series of lanthanide elements, is now well accepted and included in the periodic table. The actinide series is the second row of the f-block (5f series). In both the actinide and lanthanide series, an inner electron shell is being filled. The actinide series comprises the elements from actinium to lawrencium. Seaborg's subsequent elaborations of the actinide concept theorized a series of superheavy elements in a transactinide series comprising elements from 104 to 121 and a superactinide series of elements from 122 to 153.
See also[edit]
Alternative periodic tables
History of chemistry
Periodic Systems of Small Molecules
Prout's hypothesis
The Mystery of Matter: Search for the Elements (PBS film)
Timeline of chemical element discoveries
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c John Newlands, Chemistry Review, November 2003, pp15-16
Jump up ^ IUPAC article on periodic table Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Scerri, E. R. (2006). The Periodic Table: Its Story ad Its Significance; New York City, New York; Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ Weeks, Mary (1956). Discovery of the Elements (6th ed.). Easton, Pennsylvania, USA: Journal of Chemical Education. p. 122.
Jump up ^ Boyle, Robert (1661). The Skeptical Chymist. London, England: J. Crooke. p. 16.
Jump up ^ Lavoisier with Robert Kerr, trans. (1790) Elements of Chemistry. Edinburgh, Scotland: William Creech. From p. xxiv: "I shall therefore only add upon this subject, that if, by the term elements, we mean to express those simple and indivisible atoms of which matter is composed, it is extremely probable we know nothing at all about them; but, if we apply the term elements, or principles of bodies, to express our idea of the last point which analysis is capable of reaching, we must admit, as elements, all substances into which we are capable, by any means, to reduce bodies by decomposition. Not that we are entitled to affirm, that these substances we consider as simple may not be compounded of two, or even of a greater number of principles; but, since these principles cannot be separated, or rather since we have not hitherto discovered means of separating them, they act with regard to us as simple substances, and we ought never to suppose them compounded until experiment and observation has proved them to be so."
Jump up ^ See:
Prout, William (November 1815). "On the relation between the specific gravities of bodies in their gaseous state and the weights of their atoms". Annals of Philosophy. 6: 321–330.
Prout, William (February 1816). "Correction of a mistake in the essay on the relation between the specific gravities of bodies in their gaseous state and the weights of their atoms". Annals of Philosophy. 7: 111–113.
Jump up ^ Wurzer, Ferdinand (1817). "Auszug eines Briefes vom Hofrath Wurzer, Prof. der Chemie zu Marburg" [Excerpt of a letter from Court Advisor Wurzer, Professor of Chemistry at Marburg]. Annalen der Physik (in German). 56: 331–334. Here, Döbereiner found that strontium's properties were intermediate to those of calcium and barium.
Jump up ^ Döbereiner, J. W. (1829). "Versuch zu einer Gruppirung der elementaren Stoffe nach ihrer Analogie" [An attempt to group elementary substances according to their analogies]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 2nd series (in German). 15: 301–307. For an English translation of this article, see: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner: "An Attempt to Group Elementary Substances according to Their Analogies" (Lemoyne College (Syracuse, New York, USA))
Jump up ^ Beguyer de Chancourtois (1862). "Tableau du classement naturel des corps simples, dit vis tellurique" [Table of the natural classification of elements, called the "telluric helix"]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 55: 600–601.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ley, Willy (October 1966). "The Delayed Discovery". For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 116–127.
Jump up ^ Chancourtois, Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de (1863). Vis tellurique. Classement des corps simples ou radicaux, obtenu au moyen d'un système de classification hélicoïdal et numérique (in French). Paris, France: Mallet-Bachelier. 21 pages.
Jump up ^ Annales des Mines history page.
Jump up ^ See:
Newlands, John A. R. (7 February 1863). "On relations among the equivalents". The Chemical News. 7: 70–72.
Newlands, John A. R. (30 July 1864). "Relations between equivalents". The Chemical News. 10: 59–60.
Newlands, John A. R. (20 August 1864). "On relations among the equivalents". The Chemical News. 10: 94–95.
Newlands, John A. R. (18 August 1865). "On the law of octaves". The Chemical News. 12: 83.
(Editorial staff) (9 March 1866). "Proceedings of Societies: Chemical Society: Thursday, March 1". The Chemical News. 13: 113–114.
Newlands, John A.R. (1884). On the Discovery of the Periodic Law and on Relations among the Atomic Weights. E. & F.N. Spon: London, England.
Jump up ^ in a letter published in Chemistry News in February 1863, according to the Notable Names Data Base
Jump up ^ Newlands on classification of elements
^ Jump up to: a b Shaviv, Giora (2012). The Synthesis of the Elements. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. p. 38. From p. 38: "The reason [for rejecting Newlands' paper, which was] given by Odling, then the president of the Chemical Society, was that they made a rule not to publish theoretical papers, and this on the quite astonishing grounds that such papers lead to a correspondence of controversial character."
Jump up ^ Lewis, Gilbert N. (1916). "The atom and the molecule". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 38: 762–785.
Jump up ^ Langmuir, Irving (1919). "The structure of atoms and the octet theory of valence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 5: 252–259. Bibcode:1919PNAS....5..252L. doi:10.1073/pnas.5.7.252. PMC 1091587  .
Jump up ^ Langmuir, Irving (1919). "The arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 41 (6): 868–934.
Jump up ^ Physical Science, Holt Rinehart & Winston (January 2004), page 302 ISBN 0-03-073168-2
Jump up ^ Менделеев, Д. (1869). "Соотношение свойств с атомным весом элементов" [Relationship of elements' properties to their atomic weights]. Журнал Русского Химического Общества (Journal of the Russian Chemical Society) (in Russian). 1: 60–77.
Jump up ^ Mendeleev, Dmitri (1869). "Ueber die Beziehungen der Eigenschaften zu den Atomgewichten der Elemente" [On the relations of elements' properties to their atomic weights]. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 12: 405–406.
Jump up ^ "Reed Magazine: The Alumni Association: Around the World in 80 Seconds". reed.edu. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
Jump up ^ See:
Odling, William (June 1857). "On the natural groupings of the elements. Part 1". Philosophical Magazine. 4th series. 13 (88): 423–440.
Odling, William (1857). "On the natural groupings of the elements. Part 2". Philosophical Magazine. 4th series. 13 (89): 480–497.
Odling, William (1864). "On the hexatomicity of ferricum and aluminium". Philosophical Magazine. 4th series. 27 (180): 115–119.
Odling, William (1864). "On the proportional numbers of the elements". Quarterly Journal of Science. 1: 642–648.
Jump up ^ See:
Soddy, Frederick (1913). "Radioactivity". Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry. 10: 262–288.
Soddy, Frederick (28 February 1913). "The radio-elements and the periodic law". The Chemical News. 107 (2779): 97–99.
Jump up ^ Soddy first used the word "isotope" in: Soddy, Frederick (4 December 1913). "Intra-atomic charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. See p. 400.
Jump up ^ Moseley, H.G.J. (1914). "The high-frequency spectra of the elements". Philosophical Magazine. 6th series. 27: 703–713.
External links[edit]
Development of the periodic table (part of a collection of pages that explores the periodic table and the elements) by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. Eric Scerri's web page, which has links to interviews, lectures and articles on various aspects of the periodic system, including the history of the periodic table.
The Internet Database of Periodic Tables – a large collection of periodic tables and periodic system formulations.
History of Mendeleev periodic table of elements as a data visualization at CrossValidated Stack Exchange
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Medical education in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Medical education in the United States includes educational activities involved in the education and training of physicians (D.O. or M.D.) in the United States, from entry-level training through to continuing education of qualified specialists.
A typical outline of the medical education pathway is presented below; however, medicine is a diverse profession with many options available. For example, some physicians work in pharmaceutical research, occupational medicine (within a company), public health medicine (working for the general health of a population in an area), or join the armed forces.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medical school
2 Internship
3 Residency
4 Fellowship
5 Board certification
6 Footnotes
7 See also
Medical school[edit]
Main article: Medical school in the United States
In the United States a medical school is an institution with the purpose of educating physicians in the United States in the field of medicine. Admission into medical school may not technically require completion of a previous degree; however, applicants are usually required to complete at least 3 years of "pre-med" courses at the university level because in the US medical degrees are classified as Second entry degrees. Once enrolled in a medical school the four years progressive study is divided into two roughly equal components: pre-clinical (consisting of didactic courses in the basic sciences) and clinical (clerkships consisting of rotations through different wards of a teaching hospital). The degree granted at the conclusion of these four years of study is Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or, less commonly, Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) depending on the medical school; both degrees allow the holder to practice medicine after completing an accredited residency program.[1][2]
Further information: Comparison of MD and DO in the United States
Internship[edit]
Main article: Internship (medicine)
During the last year of graduate medical education, students apply for postgraduate residencies in their chosen field of specialization. These vary in competitiveness depending upon the desirability of the specialty, prestige of the program, and the number of applicants relative to the number of available positions. All but a few positions are granted via a national computer match which pairs an applicant's preference with the programs' preference for applicants.
Historically, post-graduate medical education began with a free-standing, one-year internship. Completion of this year continues to be the minimum training requirement for obtaining a general license to practice medicine in most states. However, because of the gradual lengthening of post-graduate medical education, and the decline of its use as the terminal stage in training, most new physicians complete the internship requirement as their first year of residency.
Not withstanding the trend toward internships integrated into categorical residencies, the one-year "traditional rotating internship" (sometimes called a "transitional year") continues to exist. Some residency training programs, such as in neurology and ophthalmology, do not include an internship year and begin after completion of an internship or transitional year. Some use it to re-apply to programs into which they were not accepted, while others use it as a year to decide upon a specialty. In addition, osteopathic physicians "are required to have completed an American Osteopathic Association (AOA)-approved first year of training in order to be licensed in Florida, Michigan, Oklahoma and Pennsylvania."[3]
Residency[edit]
Main article: Residency (medicine)
Each of the specialties in medicine has established its own curriculum, which defines the length and content of residency training necessary to practice in that specialty. Programs range from 3 years after medical school for internal medicine and pediatrics, to 5 years for general surgery, to 7 years for neurosurgery. Each specialty training program either incorporates an internship year to satisfy the requirements of state licensure, or stipulates that an internship year be completed before starting the program at the second post-graduate year (PGY-2).
Fellowship[edit]
Main article: Fellowship (medicine)
A fellowship is a formal, full-time training program that focuses on a particular area within the specialty, with requirements beyond the related residency.[4] Many highly specialized fields require formal training beyond residency. Examples of these include cardiology, endocrinology, oncology after internal medicine; cardiothoracic anesthesiology after anesthesiology; cardiothoracic surgery, pediatric surgery, surgical oncology after general surgery; reproductive endocrinology/infertility, maternal-fetal medicine, gynecologic oncology after obstetrics/gynecology. There are many others for each field of study. In some specialties such as pathology and radiology, a majority of graduating residents go on to further their training. The training programs for these fields are known as fellowships and their participants are fellows, to denote that they already have completed a residency and are board eligible or board certified in their basic specialty. Fellowships range in length from one to three years and are granted by application to the individual program or sub-specialty organizing board. Fellowships often contain a research component.[5]
Board certification[edit]
Main article: Board certification
The physician or surgeon who has completed his or her residency and possibly fellowship training and is in the practice of his or her specialty is known as an attending physician. Physicians then must pass written and oral exams in their specialty in order to become board certified. Each of the 26 medical specialties has different requirements for practitioners to undertake continuing medical education activities.
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Medline Plus (2012). "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine". U.S. National Library of Medicine of National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Medline Plus (2012). "Doctor of medicine profession (MD)". U.S. National Library of Medicine of National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
Jump up ^ DO-Online.org | Postdoctoral Training | FAQS, [1]
Jump up ^ "Osteopathic Postdoctoral Training Structure" (PDF). American Osteopathic Association. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "About Medical Specialties Matching Program". National Resident Matching Program. 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
See also[edit]
The Flexner Report
Combined internal medicine and psychiatry residency
Integrated Medical Curriculum
List of medical schools in the United States
[hide]
v
t
e
Medical education in the United States
Stages
Pre-medical
Medical school
Clerkship
Sub-internship
Graduate medical education
Internship
Residency
Fellowship
Board certification
Licensure
Continuing medical education
Pathways
Medicine (MD)
Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
International medical graduate
Degrees
Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
MD-PhD
Comparison
Exams
MCAT
USMLE
Step 1
2CK
2CS
3
COMLEX
Level 1
2CE
2PE
3
Regulatory bodies
American Medical Association
Association of American Medical Colleges
American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
National Resident Matching Program
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
Liaison Committee on Medical Education
Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education
American Osteopathic Association
Lists
Medical schools
Specialty colleges
Reformers
Abraham Flexner
William Osler
William Stewart Halsted
Andrew Taylor Still
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text:
Hooked on a Feeling
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the album of the same name by Blue Swede, see Hooked on a Feeling (album).
"Hooked on a Feeling"
Single by B. J. Thomas
from the album On My Way
B-side
"I've Been Down This Road Before"
Released
October 29, 1968
Genre
Pop
Length
2:48
Label
Scepter Records
Songwriter(s)
Mark James
Producer(s)
Chips Moman
B. J. Thomas singles chronology
"The Eyes of a New York Woman"
(1968) "Hooked on a Feeling"
(1968) "It's Only Love"
(1969)
"The Eyes of a New York Woman"
(1968) “Hooked on a Feeling”
(1968) "It's Only Love"
(1969)
"Hooked on a Feeling"
Single by Blue Swede
from the album Hooked on a Feeling
B-side
"Gotta Have Your Love"
Released
February 1974
Format
7"
Recorded
1973
Genre
Pop rock
Length
2:48
Label
EMI Svenska
Songwriter(s)
Mark James
Producer(s)
Bengt Palmers
Blue Swede singles chronology
"Hooked on a Feeling"
(1974) "Silly Milly"
(1974)
"Hooked on a Feeling"
(1974) "Silly Milly"
(1974)
“Hooked on a Feeling” is a 1968 pop song written by Mark James and originally performed by B. J. Thomas. Thomas's version featured the sound of the electric sitar, and reached number five in 1969 on the Billboard Hot 100.[1] It has been recorded by many other artists, including Blue Swede, whose version reached number one in the United States in 1974.[2] The Blue Swede version made singer Björn Skifs' "Ooga-Chaka-Ooga-Ooga" intro well known (and famous in Sweden at the time), although it had been used originally by British musician Jonathan King in his 1971 version of the song.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
1.1 Weekly charts
1.2 Year-end charts
2 Blue Swede cover
3 Chart history
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Different versions
5 In popular culture
6 References
7 External links
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1968–69)
Peak
position
Canada RPM 3
New Zealand (Listener)[4] 10
US Billboard Hot 100[5] 5
US Cash Box Top 100 5
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1969)
Rank
Canada[6] 31
US Billboard Hot 100[7] 99
Blue Swede cover[edit]
In 1974, the Swedish pop group Blue Swede did a cover version, which included the "ooga chaka" introduction from Jonathan King's 1971 cover. Their arrangement was inspired by a bootleg recording of Do You Like Worms? from the unfinished album Smile by the Beach Boys.[8] The Blue Swede version of the song also tweaked the lyrics to avoid a drug reference.[9] This version reached number one in the United States.[2] Billboard ranked it as the No. 20 song for 1974.
Original lyrics
Blue Swede lyrics
"I got it bad for you, girl,
but I don't need a cure.
I'll just stay addicted
and hope I can endure
all the good love…" "Got a bug from you, girl,
but I don't need no cure.
I just stay a victim,
if I can for sure
All the good love…"
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1974)
Peak
position
Australia KMR[10] 4
Canada RPM Top Singles[11] 2
New Zealand (Listener)[12] 7
US Billboard Hot 100[13] 1
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[14] 31
US Cash Box Top 100[15] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1974)
Rank
Australia [16] 29
Canada [17] 27
US Billboard Hot 100[18] 20
US Cash Box [19] 34
Different versions[edit]
In 1971, English musician Jonathan King recorded a cover version of the song, adding ooga chaka jungle chants. King described it as "a reggae rhythm by male voices". His version reached number 23 on the UK Singles Chart in November 1971[20] and downloads of his original version increased both when Guardians of the Galaxy was released and again when it was shown on TV as well as when the chant was used in trailers for Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 in 2017.[21]
In 1978, a cover version by Canadian country music artist Carroll Baker peaked at number 1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart[22] and number 15 Adult Contemporary.[23]
David Hasselhoff covered the song on his album Hooked on a Feeling in 1997.[24]
Bulgarian alternative rock band Hipodil included the "ooga chaka" chant in the intro to their song "Vuzbuden sum", from their 1998 album Nadurveni vuglishta.
The band The Offspring sample the "ooga chaka" chorus in their song "Special Delivery", from the album, Conspiracy of One (2000).[25]
In 2013, B. J. Thomas included "Hooked on a Feeling" in duet with Sara Niemietz, on The Living Room Sessions. The album includes new interpretations of many of Thomas' greatest hits, with production and instrumental arrangements by Kyle Lehning, and was released on the Wrinkled Records label.[26][27]
In popular culture[edit]
Wilson Bryan Key, author of Subliminal Seduction, claimed in 1976 that the "ooga-chaka" chant was actually communicating the phrase "who got sucked off?" He credits the song's success to this embedded phrase, though he offers no evidence for any of these claims.[28]
The song has been revived from time to time as a cultural touchstone of the 1970s, such as on the Reservoir Dogs soundtrack in 1992,[29] and as the "dancing baby" song in the Ally McBeal TV show.[30]
The chorus from the song was sung by Captain Hook on "Far, Far Away Idol" on the Shrek 2 DVD.
The 2014 feature film Guardians of the Galaxy,[31] which featured the brass fanfare and title lyrics of the Blue Swede cover version prominently in its trailers and theatrical release, resulted in a significant spike in sales for the recording;[32] the film's soundtrack reached the top of the Billboard 200 chart in August 2014.[33] The song was also featured heavily in the teaser trailer for the 2017 sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.[34] although the song was not used in the actual film.[35]
In 2015, the Toronto Blue Jays began using the Blue Swede rendition in a commercial featuring newly acquired David Price and Troy Tulowitzki.[36] The song is played at the Rogers Centre before the bottom of the 8th inning, similar to the usage of "Sweet Caroline" at games in Fenway Park in Boston.
The song is also the anthem for the Northwestern University Sailing Team
The song is additionally the anthem for Zahm House at the University of Notre Dame
In 2016, the song's cover, by Blue Swede, was featured in the documentary Holy Hell. The documentary is about the '80s West Hollywood cult Buddhafield and its manipulative and abusive leader. The song plays at the beginning as footage of members of the cult are shown outdoors reaching for the Sun in a euphoric and trance like state as the song's refrain "I'm hooked on a feeling, I'm high on believing" plays on.[37]
In the spring of 2017, this song titled as Feelin' Hooked is featured on the Telus Mobility television commercial in Canada.[38]
A 1993 episode of the animated series Animaniacs is called Hooked on a Ceiling. This is a play-on of the song.
The popular animated US sitcom Family Guy sampled the "ooga chaka" chant for a cutaway involving the characters Peter, Lois and Chris, where Chris has mounted his deceased parents' heads on the wall to sing the Blue Suede version of the song.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "BJ Thomas". Credits. AllMusic. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Blue Swede". Hooked on a Feeling. AllMusic. 1974. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "What does 'Ooga Chaka' mean in these two songs? - Quora". www.quora.com.
Jump up ^ "flavour of new zealand - search listener". www.flavourofnz.co.nz.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2002
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1969/Top 100 Songs of 1969". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Randy (April 24, 2014). "Stagecoach 2010: B.J. Thomas, hooked on Brian Wilson". The Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Sakamoto, John (22 August 2014). "A brief history of 'ouga chaka'". Toronto Star. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970-1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. 1974-04-20. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
Jump up ^ [ Flavour of New Zealand, 1 June 1974]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 30.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 30.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, April 6, 1974
Jump up ^ "Forum - 1970 (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
Jump up ^ Canada, Library and Archives (July 13, 2017). "Image : RPM Weekly".
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 28, 1974
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (May 30, 1998). "'Chaka' Can and 'Honestly' Does". Billboard. New York. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ https://img.discogs.com/Z31eLoL364rf2vWrstgbwXSFsQo=/fit-in/300x300/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb():quality(40)/discogs-images/R-4693264-1451471138-3319.jpeg.jpg
Jump up ^ "RPM Country Singles for December 23, 1978". RPM. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Canada, Library and Archives (17 July 2013). "Image : RPM Weekly".
Jump up ^ "David Hasselhoff Hooked on a Feeling". AllMusic. 1999. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Jonas, Liana (2000). "The Offspring Conspiracy of One". AllMusic. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Lousararian, Lori (18 June 2013). "B.J. Thomas to Duet With Sara Niemietz On "Hooked On A Feeling" At The Grand Ole Opry". The Living Room Sessions. Wrinkled Records. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Thomas Erlewine, Stephen. "The Living Room Sessions". Review. AllMusic. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Key, Wilson Bryan (1976). Media Sexploitation. Prentice-Hall. pp. 116–117. ISBN 0135730066.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (1992). "Reservoir Dogs [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". AllMusic. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (1998). "Songs from Ally McBeal". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Ashurst, Sam (February 19, 2014). "Guardians Of The Galaxy: James Gunn's Trailer Breakdown: Star Lord's Walkman". Total Film. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (20 February 2014). "Blue Swede's 'Hooked On a Feeling' Sales Soar Thanks To 'Guardians of the Galaxy' Trailer". Billboard.com. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Wood, Mikael (August 13, 2014). "'Guardians of the Galaxy' soundtrack shoots to No. 1 on Billboard 200". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Anderton, Ethan (October 19, 2016). "'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2' Teaser Trailer Is Hooked On A Feeling Again". /Film. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dornbush, Jonathon (19 April 2017). "Guardians of the Galaxy Awesome Mix Vol. 2 Tracklist Revealed, Release Date Announced".
Jump up ^ "Toronto Blue Jays: hooked on a feeling commercial". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ "DARK SIDE OF THE POWER OF BELIEF IS BROUGHT TO LIGHT IN “HOLY HELL”" Retrieved September 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Feelin' Hooked YouTube video from Telus April 2017
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Song Facts
Preceded by
"Sunshine on My Shoulders" by John Denver Billboard Hot 100 number-one single (Blue Swede version)
April 6, 1974 (one week) Succeeded by
"Bennie and the Jets" by Elton John
Preceded by
"That's What You Do to Me" by Charly McClain RPM Country Tracks number-one single (Carroll Baker version)
December 23, 1978 - December 30, 1978 (two weeks) Succeeded by
"Burgers and Fries" by Charley Pride
[show]
v
t
e
B. J. Thomas
Albums
On My Way
Longhorns & Londonbridges
Reunion
You Gave Me Love (When Nobody Gave Me a Prayer)
Love Shines
The Living Room Sessions
Singles
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
"Hooked on a Feeling"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"I Just Can't Help Believing"
"Most of All"
"Long Ago Tomorrow"
"Rock and Roll Lullaby"
"(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song"
"Don't Worry Baby"
"I Recall a Gypsy Woman"
"Whatever Happened to Old-Fashioned Love"
"New Looks from an Old Lover"
"Two Car Garage"
"Night Life"
"As Long As We Got Each Other"
Book:B. J. Thomas
[show]
v
t
e
Carroll Baker
Notable singles
"It's Late (And I Have to Go)"
"I've Never Been This Far Before"
"The Hungry Fire of Love"
"One Night of Cheatin'"
"Tonight with Love"
"Why I Had to Pass This Way"
"It's My Party"
"The Morning After Baby Let Me Down"
"I Might as Well Believe (I'll Live Forever)"
"Portrait in the Window"
"Hooked on a Feeling"
"I'm Getting High Remembering"
"Hollywood Love"
"Still Falling in Love"
"I'm So Excited"
"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"
"It's Only Make Believe"
Related articles
Discography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hooked_on_a_Feeling&oldid=812464293"
Categories:
1968 singles
1974 singles
B. J. Thomas songs
Blue Swede songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Carroll Baker songs
RPM Country Tracks number-one singles
Songs written by Mark James (songwriter)
1968 songs
Scepter Records singles
EMI Records singles
Debut singles
Song recordings produced by Chips Moman
1971 singles
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text:
United States at the FIFA World Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the men's national team. For the women's national team at the FIFA Women's World Cup, see United States women's national soccer team.
The United States men's national soccer team has played in several World Cup finals, with their best result occurring during their first appearance at the 1930 World Cup, when the United States finished in third place.[1] After the 1950 World Cup, in which the United States upset England in group play 1–0, the U.S. was absent from the finals until 1990. The United States has participated in every World Cup since 1990 until they failed to qualify for the 2018 competition after a loss to Trinidad and Tobago in 2017.
The World Cup is an international soccer competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II. The current format of the World Cup involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715 million people watching the 2006 tournament final.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Record at the FIFA World Cup
1.1 By Match
2 Individual tournament results
2.1 Uruguay 1930
2.1.1 Group 4 final standings
2.1.2 Games
2.2 Italy 1934
2.2.1 Game
2.3 Brazil 1950
2.3.1 Group 2 final standings
2.3.2 Games
2.4 Italy 1990
2.4.1 Group A final standings
2.4.2 Games
2.5 United States 1994
2.5.1 Group A final standings
2.5.1.1 Ranking of third-placed teams
2.5.2 Games
2.6 France 1998
2.6.1 Group F final standings
2.6.2 Games
2.7 Korea-Japan 2002
2.7.1 Group D final standings
2.7.2 Games
2.8 Germany 2006
2.8.1 Group E final standings
2.8.2 Games
2.9 South Africa 2010
2.9.1 Group C final standings
2.9.2 Games
2.10 Brazil 2014
2.10.1 Group G final standings
2.10.2 Games
3 Record Players
4 Top Goalscorers
5 References
6 External links
Record at the FIFA World Cup[edit]
World Cup record
Year
Result
Position
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
1930 Semi-finals 3rd[3] 3 2 0 1 7 6
1934 Round 1 16th 1 0 0 1 1 7
1938 Withdrew
1950 Group stage 10th 3 1 0 2 4 8
1954 Did not qualify
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990 Group stage 23rd 3 0 0 3 2 8
1994 Round of 16 14th 4 1 1 2 3 4
1998 Group stage 32nd 3 0 0 3 1 5
2002 Quarter-finals 8th 5 2 1 2 7 7
2006 Group stage 25th 3 0 1 2 2 6
2010 Round of 16 12th 4 1 2 1 5 5
2014 Round of 16 15th 4 1 1 2 5 6
2018 Did not qualify
2022 To be determined
Total 10/21 0 Titles 33 8 6 19 37 62
By Match[edit]
World Cup
Round
Opponent
Score
Result
Scorers
1930 Group Stage Belgium 3-0 W McGhee, Florie, Patenaude
Paraguay 3-0 W Patenaude (3)
Semi-Final Argentina 1-6 L Brown
1934 First Round Italy 1-7 L Donelli
1950 Group stage Spain 1–3 L Pariani
England 1–0 W Gaetjens
Chile 2-5 L Wallace, Maca (pen.)
1990 Group stage Czechoslovakia 1–5 L Caligiuri
Italy 0–1 L
Austria 1–2 L Murray
1994 Group Stage Switzerland 1-1 D Wynalda
Colombia 2-1 W Escobar (o.g.), Stewart
Romania 0-1 L
Round of 16 Brazil 0-1 L
1998 Group Stage Germany 0-2 L
Iran 1-2 L McBride
Yugoslavia 0-1 L
2002 Group Stage Portugal 3-2 W O'Brien, J. Costa (o.g.), McBride
South Korea 1-1 D Mathis
Poland 1-3 L Donovan
Round of 16 Mexico 2-0 W McBride, Donovan
Quarter-Final Germany 0-1 L
2006 Group Stage Czech Republic 0-3 L
Italy 1-1 D Zaccardo (o.g.)
Ghana 1-2 L Dempsey
2010 Group Stage England 1-1 D Dempsey
Slovenia 2-2 D Donovan, Bradley
Algeria 1-0 W Donovan
Round of 16 Ghana 1-2 (a.e.t.) L Donovan (pen.)
2014 Group Stage Ghana 2-1 W Dempsey, Brooks
Portugal 2-2 D Jones, Dempsey
Germany 0-1 L
Round of 16 Belgium 1-2 (a.e.t.) L Green
Individual tournament results[edit]
Uruguay 1930[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 1930 FIFA World Cup Third Place
MF Auld
FW Bookie
MF Brown
GK Douglas
FW Florie (c)
DF Gallagher
DF Gentle
MF Gonsalves
FW McGhee
DF Moorhouse
MF Oliver
FW Patenaude
MF Slone
DF Tracey
DF Vaughn
DF Wood
Coach: Millar
Group 4 final standings[edit]
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
United States 2 2 0 0 6 0 +6 4
Paraguay 2 1 0 1 1 3 −2 2
Belgium 2 0 0 2 0 4 −4 0
Games[edit]
All times local (UYT)
United States v Belgium
July 13, 1930
3:00 p.m.
Group 4
United States
3–0
Belgium
Report
Estadio Parque Central, Montevideo
Attendance: 18,346
Referee: José Macías (Argentina)
United States v Paraguay
July 17, 1930
2:45 p.m.
Group 4
United States
3–0
Paraguay
Report
Estadio Parque Central, Montevideo
Attendance: 18,306
Referee: José Macías (Argentina)
Argentina v United States
July 26, 1930
2:45 p.m.
Semifinal
Argentina
6–1
United States
Report
Estadio Centenario, Montevideo
Attendance: 72,886
Referee: John Langenus (Belgium)
Italy 1934[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 1934 FIFA World Cup
MF Amrhein
DF Czerkiewicz
FW Dick
FW Donelli
MF Fiedler
MF Florie
MF Gallagher
MF Gonsalves
DF Harker
GK Hjulian
MF Lehman
MF Lynch
DF Martinelli
FW McLean
DF Moorhouse
FW Nilsen
MF Pietras
DF Rapp
FW Ryan
Coach: Gould
Game[edit]
Italy v United States
May 27, 1934
4:30 p.m. (CEST)
Round of 16
Italy
7–1
United States
Report
Stadio Nazionale PNF, Rome
Attendance: 25,000
Referee: Rene Mercet (Switzerland)
Brazil 1950[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 1950 FIFA World Cup
GK Borghi
GK Gard
DF Annis
DF Coombes
DF Keough
DF Maca
MF Bahr
MF Colombo
MF McIlvenny
FW Craddock
FW DiOrio
FW Gaetjens
FW Pariani
FW E. Souza
FW J. Souza
FW Wallace
FW Wolanin
Coach: Jeffrey
Group 2 final standings[edit]
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
Pts
Spain 3 3 0 0 6 1 6
England 3 1 0 2 2 2 2
Chile 3 1 0 2 5 6 2
United States 3 1 0 2 4 8 2
Games[edit]
All times local BRT (UTC-03)
Spain v United States
June 25, 1950
3:00 p.m.
Spain
3–1
United States
Report
Estádio Durival de Britto, Curitiba
Attendance: 9,511
Referee: Mario Vianna (Brazil)
Main article: United States v England (1950 FIFA World Cup)
United States v England
June 29, 1950
3:00 p.m.
United States
1–0
England
Report
Estádio Independência, Belo Horizonte
Attendance: 10,151
Referee: Generoso Dattilo (Italy)
Chile v United States
July 2, 1950
3:00 p.m.
Chile
5–2
United States
Report
Estádio Ilha do Retiro, Recife
Attendance: 8,501
Referee: Mario Gardelli (Brazil)
Italy 1990[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 1990 FIFA World Cup
1 Meola
2 Trittschuh
3 Doyle
4 Banks
5 Windischmann (c)
6 Harkes
7 Ramos
8 Bliss
9 Sullivan
10 Vermes
11 Wynalda
12 Krumpe
13 Eichmann
14 Stollmeyer
15 Armstrong
16 Murray
17 Balboa
18 Keller
19 Henderson
20 Caligiuri
21 Covone
22 Vanole
Coach: Gansler
Group A final standings[edit]
Team
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Italy 3 3 0 0 4 0 +4 6
Czechoslovakia 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 4
Austria 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 2
United States 3 0 0 3 2 8 −6 0
Games[edit]
All times local (CEST/UTC+2)
United States v Czechoslovakia
June 10, 1990
5:00 p.m.
Group A
United States
1–5
Czechoslovakia
Report
Stadio Comunale, Florence
Attendance: 33,266
Referee: Kurt Röthlisberger (Switzerland)
Italy v United States
June 14, 1990
9:00 p.m.
Group A
Italy
1–0
United States
Report
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 73,423
Referee: Edgardo Codesal (Mexico)
Austria v United States
June 19, 1990
9:00 p.m.
Group A
Austria
2–1
United States
Report
Stadio Comunale, Florence
Attendance: 34,857
Referee: Jamal Al Sharif (Syria)
United States 1994[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 1994 FIFA World Cup
1 Meola (c)
2 Lapper
3 Burns
4 Kooiman
5 Dooley
6 Harkes
7 Pérez
8 Stewart
9 Ramos
10 Wegerle
11 Wynalda
12 Sommer
13 Jones
14 Klopas
15 Moore
16 Sorber
17 Balboa
18 Friedel
19 Reyna
20 Caligiuri
21 Clavijo
22 Lalas
Coach: Milutinović
Group A final standings[edit]
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Romania 3 2 0 1 5 5 0 6 Advance to knockout stage
2
Switzerland 3 1 1 1 5 4 +1 4
3
United States (H) 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 4
4
Colombia 3 1 0 2 4 5 −1 3
Source: FIFA
(H) Host.

Ranking of third-placed teams[edit]
Pos
Grp
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
D Argentina 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 6 Advance to knockout stage
2
F Belgium 3 2 0 1 2 1 +1 6
3
A United States 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 4
4
E Italy 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 4
5
B Russia 3 1 0 2 7 6 +1 3
6
C South Korea 3 0 2 1 4 5 −1 2
Source: FIFA

Games[edit]
United States v Switzerland
June 18, 1994
11:30 a.m. EDT
Group A
United States
1–1
Switzerland
Report
Pontiac Silverdome, Pontiac
Attendance: 73,425
Referee: Francisco Oscar Lamolina (Argentina)
United States v Colombia
June 22, 1994
7:30 p.m. PDT
Group A
United States
2–1
Colombia
Report
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Attendance: 93,869
Referee: Fabio Baldas (Italy)
United States v Romania
June 26, 1994
4:00 p.m. PDT
Group A
United States
0–1
Romania
Report
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Attendance: 93,869
Referee: Mario van der Ende (Netherlands)
Brazil v United States
July 4, 1994
12:30 p.m. PDT
Round of 16
Brazil
1–0
United States
Report
Stanford Stadium, Stanford
Attendance: 84,147
Referee: Joël Quiniou (France)
France 1998[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 1998 FIFA World Cup
1 Friedel
2 Hejduk
3 Pope
4 Burns
5 Dooley (c)
6 Regis
7 Wegerle
8 Stewart
9 Moore
10 Ramos
11 Wynalda
12 Agoos
13 Jones
14 Preki
15 Deering
16 Sommer
17 Balboa
18 Keller
19 Maisonneuve
20 McBride
21 Reyna
22 Lalas
Coach: Sampson
Group F final standings[edit]
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Germany 3 2 1 0 6 2 +4 7 Advance to knockout stage
2
Yugoslavia 3 2 1 0 4 2 +2 7
3
Iran 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3
4
United States 3 0 0 3 1 5 −4 0
Source: FIFA

Games[edit]
All times local (CEST/UTC+2)
Germany v United States
June 15, 1998
9:00 p.m.
Group F
Germany
2–0
United States
Report
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 45,500
Referee: Said Belqola (Morocco)
United States v Iran
June 21, 1998
9:00 p.m.
Group F
United States
1–2
Iran
Report
Stade de Gerland, Lyon
Attendance: 39,100
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)
United States v Yugoslavia
June 25, 1998
9:00 p.m.
Group F
United States
0–1
Yugoslavia
Report
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes
Attendance: 35,500
Referee: Gamal Al-Ghandour (Egypt)
Korea-Japan 2002[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 2002 FIFA World Cup
1 Friedel
2 Hejduk
3 Berhalter
4 Mastroeni
5 O'Brien
6 Regis
7 Lewis
8 Stewart
9 Moore
10 Reyna (c)
11 Mathis
12 Agoos
13 Jones
14 Cherundolo
15 Wolff
16 Llamosa
17 Beasley
18 Keller
19 Meola
20 McBride
21 Donovan
22 Sanneh
23 Pope
Coach: Arena
Group D final standings[edit]
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
South Korea (H) 3 2 1 0 4 1 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2
United States 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
3
Portugal 3 1 0 2 6 4 +2 3
4
Poland 3 1 0 2 3 7 −4 3
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
(H) Host.

Games[edit]
All times local (UTC+9)
United States v Portugal
June 5, 2002
6:00 p.m.
Group D
United States
3–2
Portugal
Report
Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon
Attendance: 37,306
Referee: Byron Moreno (Ecuador)
South Korea v United States
June 10, 2002
3:30 p.m.
Group D
South Korea
1–1
United States
Report
Daegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
Attendance: 60,778
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)
Poland v United States
June 14, 2002
8:30 p.m.
Group D
Poland
3–1
United States
Report
Daejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon
Attendance: 26,482
Referee: Lu Jun (China)
Mexico v United States
June 17, 2002
3:30 p.m.
Round of 16
Mexico
0–2
United States
Report
Jeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju
Attendance: 36,380
Referee: Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)
Germany v United States
June 21, 2002
8:30 p.m.
QF
Germany
1–0
United States
Report
Munsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan
Attendance: 37,337
Referee: Hugh Dallas (Scotland)
Germany 2006[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 2006 FIFA World Cup
1 Howard
2 Albright
3 Bocanegra
4 Mastroeni
5 O'Brien
6 Cherundolo
7 Lewis
8 Dempsey
9 Johnson
10 Reyna (c)
11 Ching
12 Berhalter
13 Conrad
14 Olsen
15 Convey
16 Wolff
17 Beasley
18 Keller
19 Hahnemann
20 McBride
21 Donovan
22 Onyewu
23 Pope
Coach: Arena
Group E final standings[edit]
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Italy 3 2 1 0 5 1 +4 7 Advance to knockout stage
2
Ghana 3 2 0 1 4 3 +1 6
3
Czech Republic 3 1 0 2 3 4 −1 3
4
United States 3 0 1 2 2 6 −4 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Games[edit]
All times local (CEST/UTC+2)
United States v Czech Republic
June 12, 2006
6:00 p.m.
Group E
United States
0–3
Czech Republic
Report
FIFA WM Stadion Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen
Attendance: 52,000
Referee: Carlos Amarilla (Paraguay)
Italy v United States
June 17, 12006
9:00 p.m.
Group E
Italy
1–1
United States
Report
Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern
Attendance: 46,000
Referee: Jorge Larrionda (Uruguay)
Ghana v United States
June 22, 2006
4:00 p.m.
Group E
Ghana
2–1
United States
Report
FIFA WM Stadion Nürnberg, Nuremberg
Attendance: 41,000
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)
South Africa 2010[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 2010 FIFA World Cup
1 Howard
2 Spector
3 Bocanegra (c)
4 M. Bradley
5 Onyewu
6 Cherundolo
7 Beasley
8 Dempsey
9 Gomez
10 Donovan
11 Holden
12 Bornstein
13 Clark
14 Buddle
15 DeMerit
16 Torres
17 Altidore
18 Guzan
19 Edu
20 Findley
21 Goodson
22 Feilhaber
23 Hahnemann
Coach: B. Bradley
Group C final standings[edit]
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
United States 3 1 2 0 4 3 +1 5 Advance to knockout stage
2
England 3 1 2 0 2 1 +1 5
3
Slovenia 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 4
4
Algeria 3 0 1 2 0 2 −2 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
Games[edit]
All times local (UTC+02)
England v United States
June 12, 2010
8:30 p.m.
Group C
England
1–1
United States
Report
Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Rustenburg
Attendance: 38,646
Referee: Carlos Simon (Brazil)[4]
Slovenia v United States
June 18, 2010
4:00 p.m.
Group C
Slovenia
2–2
United States
Report
Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg
Attendance: 45,573
Referee: Koman Coulibaly (Mali)[5]
United States v Algeria
June 23, 2010
4:00 p.m.
Group C
United States
1–0
Algeria
Report
Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Pretoria
Attendance: 35,827
Referee: Frank De Bleeckere (Belgium)
United States v Ghana
June 26, 2010
8:30 p.m.
Round of 16
United States
1–2 (a.e.t.)
Ghana
Report
Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Rustenburg
Attendance: 34,976
Referee: Viktor Kassai (Hungary)
Brazil 2014[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
United States squad – 2014 FIFA World Cup
1 Howard
2 Yedlin
3 Gonzalez
4 Bradley
5 Besler
6 Brooks
7 Beasley
8 Dempsey (c)
9 Jóhannsson
10 Diskerud
11 Bedoya
12 Guzan
13 Jones
14 Davis
15 Beckerman
16 Green
17 Altidore
18 Wondolowski
19 Zusi
20 Cameron
21 Chandler
22 Rimando
23 Johnson
Coach: Klinsmann
Group G final standings[edit]
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Germany 3 2 1 0 7 2 +5 7 Advance to knockout stage
2
United States 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4
3
Portugal 3 1 1 1 4 7 −3 4
4
Ghana 3 0 1 2 4 6 −2 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria
Games[edit]
Ghana v United States
June 16, 2014
7:00 p.m. UTC−3
Group G
Ghana
1–2
United States
Report
Arena das Dunas, Natal
Attendance: 39,760
Referee: Jonas Eriksson (Sweden)
United States v Portugal
June 22, 2014
6:00 p.m. UTC−4
Group G
United States
2–2
Portugal
Report
Arena da Amazônia, Manaus
Attendance: 40,123
Referee: Néstor Pitana (Argentina)
United States v Germany
June 26, 2014
1:00 p.m. UTC−3
Group G
United States
0–1
Germany
Report
Arena Pernambuco, Recife
Attendance: 41,876
Referee: Ravshan Irmatov (Uzbekistan)
Belgium v United States
July 1, 2014
5:00 p.m. UTC−3
Round of 16
Belgium
2–1 (a.e.t.)
United States
Report
Arena Fonte Nova, Salvador
Attendance: 51,227
Referee: Djamel Haimoudi (Algeria)
Record Players[edit]
No.
Name
Matches
World Cups
1 Landon Donovan 12 2002, 2006 and 2010
2 Cobi Jones 11 1994, 1998 and 2002
Earnie Stewart 11 1994, 1998 and 2002
DaMarcus Beasley 11 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014
5 Brian McBride 10 1998, 2002 and 2006
Claudio Reyna 10 1998, 2002 and 2006
Clint Dempsey 10 2006, 2010 and 2014
8 Tab Ramos 9 1990, 1994 and 1998
Eddie Pope 9 1998, 2002 and 2006
10 Marcelo Balboa 8 1990, 1994 and 1998
Eric Wynalda 8 1990, 1994 and 1998
Michael Bradley 8 2010 and 2014
Tim Howard 8 2010 and 2014
Top Goalscorers[edit]
See also: List of FIFA World Cup goalscorers
Player
Goals
1930
1934
1950
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
Donovan, LandonLandon Donovan
5
2 3
Patenaude, BertBert Patenaude
4
4
Dempsey, ClintClint Dempsey
4
1 1 2
McBride, BrianBrian McBride
3
1 2
Bradley, MichaelMichael Bradley
1
1
Brown, JimJim Brown
1
1
Caligiuri, PaulPaul Caligiuri
1
1
Donelli, AldoAldo Donelli
1
1
Florie, TomTom Florie
1
1
Gaetjens, JoeJoe Gaetjens
1
1
Green, JulianJulian Green
1
1
Maca, JoeJoe Maca
1
1
Mathis, ClintClint Mathis
1
1
McGhee, BartBart McGhee
1
1
Murray, BruceBruce Murray
1
1
O'Brien, JohnJohn O'Brien
1
1
Pariani, GinoGino Pariani
1
1
Stewart, EarnieEarnie Stewart
1
1
Wallace, FrankFrank Wallace
1
1
Wynalda, EricEric Wynalda
1
1
Brooks, JohnJohn Brooks
1
1
Jones, JermaineJermaine Jones
1
1
~ !Own goals
3
1 1 1
Total
37
7
1
4
2
3
1
7
2
5
5
Own goals scored for opponents
Jeff Agoos (scored for Portugal in 2002)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Helms, Andrew (July 1, 2014). "USA 3, Belgium 0! Or, Looking for Hope in the 1930 World Cup". The New Republic. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ 2006 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage Archived June 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF), FIFA.com. Retrieved on June 6, 2007.
Jump up ^ There was no official World Cup third place match in 1930 and no official third place was awarded at the time; both the United States and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. However using the overall tournament records, FIFA's official website lists the United States as the third place finishers in the 1930 World Cup. Source
Jump up ^ "Referee designations for matches 1-16" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. June 5, 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Referee designations for matches 17-24" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. June 14, 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2010. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
External links[edit]
FIFA World Cup official site
[show]
v
t
e
United States men's national soccer team
General
United States Soccer Federation
History
Managers
Statistics
Results
All-time record
World Cup records
Confederations Cup records
Players
Players
Captains
Statistics
Hat-tricks
Rivalries
Mexico
Matches
Noted matches
[show]
v
t
e
Countries at the FIFA World Cup
Team appearances
Teams with no appearances
All-time table
AFC
Australia2
China
Indonesia1
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Kuwait
North Korea
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
United Arab Emirates
CAF
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
DR Congo1
Egypt
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Togo
Tunisia
CONCACAF
Canada
Costa Rica
Cuba
El Salvador
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Panama
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
CONMEBOL
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
OFC
New Zealand
UEFA
Austria
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic1
Denmark
East Germany3
England
France
Germany1
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Israel2
Italy
Netherlands
Northern Ireland
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Republic of Ireland
Romania
Russia1
Scotland
Serbia1
Slovakia1
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Wales
1 Considered a successor team by FIFA, or have competed under another name(s). 2 Have been member of multiple confederations. 3 Team and national federation no longer exist.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&oldid=813412186"
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