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Piemonte (wine)
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The Piedmont region.
Piemonte wine is the range of Italian wines made in the region of Piedmont in the northwestern corner of Italy. The best-known wines from the region include Barolo and Barbaresco. They are made from the Nebbiolo grape. These wines are ideal for storage and a well-aged Barolo for instance may leave a feeling of drinking velvet because the tannins are polished and integrated more and more into the wine. As the wine matures the colour becomes more brownish and rust-red.
Other popular grapes used for red wine production are Barbera and Dolcetto. Wine made on the Barbera grape is often fruity and delicate with less tannin than wine made from the Nebbiolo grape. Dolcetto on the other side, is not as the name indicates sweet,Dolcetto means just a little bit sweet. (dolce is Italian for sweet). The grape gives fresh and dry red wines with some tannin. The wines made on the Dolcetto grape should be consumed young.
The sparkling wine Asti spumante is made from the Moscato grape. The majority of the area's winemaking take places in the provinces of Cuneo, Asti and Alessandria. The Brachetto is another variety used for making sweet and sparkling red wines.
While Turin is the capital of the Piedmont, Alba and Asti are at the heart of the region's wine industry. The wine making industry of the Piedmont played a significant role in the early stages of the Risorgimento with some of the era's most prominent figures-like Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi owning vineyards in Piedmont region and making significant contributions to the development of Piedmontese wines. The excessively high tariffs imposed by the Austrian Empire on the export of Piedmontese wines to Austrian controlled areas of northern Italy was one of the underlying sparks to the revolutions of 1848–1849.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Climate and geography
3 Regions
3.1 DOCs
4 Grapes and wines
4.1 Barolo
4.2 Barbaresco
4.3 Moscato d'Asti
4.4 Other wines
5 See also
6 External links
7 References
History[edit]
Camillo Benso was not only the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia during the Risorgimento but he was also a prominent vineyard owner who introduced many French viticultural techniques to the region.
As in most of Italy, native vines are abundant in the land that the Ancient Greeks called Oenotrua (meaning "land of vines") and was subsequently cultivated by the Romans. With its close proximity, France has been a significant viticultural influence on the region, particularly Burgundy, which is evident today in the varietal styles of most Piedmontese wines with very little blending. One of the earliest mention of Piedmontese wines occurred in the 14th century when the Italian agricultural writer Pietro de Crescentius wrote his Liber Ruralium Commodorum. He noted the efforts of the Piedmontese to make "Greek style" sweet wines by twisting the stems of the grapes clusters and letting them hang longer on the vine to dry out. He also noted the changes with trellising in the region with more vines being staked close to the grounds rather than cultivated high among trees in the manner more common to Italian viticulture at the time. In the 17th century, the court jeweller of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy earned broad renown for his pale red Chiaretto made entirely from the Nebbiolo grape.[1]
During the Risorgimento (Italian unification) of the 19th century, many Piemontese winemakers and land owners played a pivotal role. The famous Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi was a winemaker who in the 1850s introduced the use of the Bordeaux mixture to control the spread of oidium that was starting to ravage the area's vineyards. Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour was a wealthy vineyard owner who went abroad to study advance viticulture prior to founding the political newspaper Il Risorgimento. He was highly influential in the adoption of many French viticultural techniques among the Piemontese vineyards.[1]
King Charles Albert of Sardinia
One of the early sparks of the Italian revolts against Austria was the act of the Austrian government to double the tariffs of Piemontese wines into the Austrian control lands of Lombardy, Emilia and the Veneto. This had a crippling effect on the Piemontese wine industry, essentially cutting them off from their main export market. In 1846, King Charles Albert of Sardinia spoke to the Piedmontese winegrowers at the meeting of the Agricultural Congress at Casale Monferrato where he assailed the Austrian oppression. By 1848, Piedmont was at war with Austria in one of the early events that eventually led to the unification of the Italian peninsula under the rule of Charles Albert's son Victor Emmanuel.[1]
Climate and geography[edit]
The Piedmont region is located in the foothills of the Alps forming its border with France and Switzerland. To the northwest is the Valle d'Aosta, to the east is the province of Lombardy with the Liguria region forming its southern border along the Apennines. In addition to the vast mountainous terrain, the Po Valley consumes a large area of available land-leaving only 30% of the region suitable for vineyard plantings. The valley and the mountains do contribute to the area's noted fog cover which aides in the ripening of the Nebbiolo grape (which gets its name from the Piedmontese word nebbia meaning "fog").[2]
Although the winemaking regions of the Piedmont and Bordeaux are very close in latitude, only the summertime temperatures are similar: the Piedmont wine region has a colder, continental winter climate, and significantly lower rainfall due to the rain shadow effect of the Alps.[3][4] Vineyards are typically planted on hillsides altitudes between 490–1150 ft (150-400 metre). The warmer south facing slopes are mainly used for Nebbiolo or Barbera while the cooler sites are planted with Dolcetto or Moscato.[5]
Regions[edit]
Provinces of Piedmont.
A Cabernet Sauvignon/Barbera blend from the Langhe DOC.
The majority of the region's winemaking (about 90%) takes place in the southern part of Piedmont around the towns of Alba (in Cuneo), Asti and Alessandria.[2] The Piemonte wine region is divided into five broad zones.[5]
Canavese - includes the areas around Turin such as Carema and Caluso
Colline Novaresi - in the province of Novara
Coste della Sesia - includes the area around Vercelli
Langhe - includes the hill country around the city of Alba and the Roero.
Monferrato - includes the areas around Asti and Alessandria
DOCs[edit]
Main article: List of Italian DOC wines
The Piedmont region is home to 42 Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) and 17 Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG).[6]
The 17 DOCG wines in Piedmont are:
Alta Langa
Asti
Barbaresco
Barbera d'Asti
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore
Barolo
Brachetto d'Acqui, also called Acqui
Cortese di Gavi, also simply called Gavi
Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore, also simply called Dogliani
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore, also simply called Ovada
Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba, also simply called Diano d'Alba
Erbaluce di Caluso, also simply called Caluso
Gattinara
Ghemme
Nizza
Roero, also called Arneis
Castagnole Monferrato
Grapes and wines[edit]
A Dolcetto d'Alba.
Barbera is the most widely planted grape in the region, but Nebbiolo and Dolcetto account for a significant portion of the area's red wine production as well. With white wines, Moscato is the most prominent with its sparkling and frizzante style wines. Other notable white wines include styles made from the Cortese grape in Gavi as well as blends of Cortese with Arneis and Favorita from Colli Tortonesi and Alto Monferrato. Since the 1980s there has been growing numbers of experimental plantings with the international varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot noir, Sauvignon blanc and Syrah.[5] Other local or indigenous grapes include Baratuciat, Bonarda, Croatina, Erbaluce, Freisa, Grignolino, Grisa nera, Malvasia nera, Pelaverga, Plassa, Rossese bianco, Timorasso, Uvalino, Uva Rara and Vespolina.[2][7][8]
The Piedmont produces more DOCG wines by volume than any other Italian wine region with nearly 84% of all the areas wine production falling under a DOCG designation. The area has no Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) classification, in contrast to Tuscany where IGT wines or Super Tuscans make up a significant portion of that region's wine production.[2]
Some varietal style wines are made in the Piedmont region with the name of the grape and town both appearing on the label. Some DOC examples include Barbera d'Alba, Barbera d'Asti, and Dolcetto di Dogliani made entirely from the Barbera and Dolcetto grape respectively.[9]
Barolo[edit]
Main article: Barolo
A Barolo from the Serralunga d’Alba region.
In 1980, the wines of the Barolo region became one of the first Italian wines to receive DOCG status. Produced to the southwest of the town of Alba in the hills of the Langhe, Barolo is a big, tannic expression of the Nebbiolo grape. The soil of this area is a composition of clay and marl which helps to lessen the naturally high acidity of Nebbiolo. The Tanaro river flows through the heart of Barolo country and serves as a tempering influence on the region's summertime heat till harvest time in late October/mid November. A small wine region, extending over 7 miles in length and 5 miles at its widest point, Barolo produces about 500,000 cases of wine annually. Nearly 87% of the zone productions comes from vineyards in five communities:[10] Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, La Morra, Monforte d'Alba, and Serralunga d'Alba. Wines from the Central Valley of La Morra and Barolo tend to be very perfumed and velvety with less tannins than other Barolos. The soil of the Central Valley itself is more clay based with increased levels of magnesium oxide and manganese. The wines from the Serralunga Valley are more full bodied and tannic and require aging of 12–15 years before they hit their peak.[citation needed] The soil of the Serralunga is heavy in sand, iron, limestone, phosphorus and potassium.[10]
Barbaresco[edit]
Main article: Barbaresco
Being produced from the same grape as Barolo and less than 10 miles apart, there are a lot of similarities that Barbaresco has with it neighboring wines but the slight maritime influence of the Tanaro river helps fashion distinctly different wines. Generally less tannic, Barbaresco tend to be more elegant and approachable in their youth. The Barbaresco DOCG regulation stipulates wines with minimum alcohol content of 12.5% and 2 years minimum aging in the winery for standard labels and 4 years minimum for riservas wines. Being an even smaller zone then Barolo, producers in the region produce a little more than 200,000 cases annually. The majority of Barbaresco production takes place in 3 communities:[11] Barbaresco, Treiso and Neive. The soils in the Barbaresco zone are more uniform across the region which tends to produce a more consistent profile with the wines than what can be achieved across the widely different areas of Barolo.[11]
Moscato d'Asti[edit]
See also: Asti (wine)
A Moscato d'Asti.
The white wines made from the Moscato Bianco (also known as Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) are most noted for their frizzante and sparkling spumante styles but some still wines are produced as well. Located northeast of Alba, the wines from the Asti region are known for their delicate light bodies, low alcohol content and slightly sweet nature.[12] Like many sparkling wines, Asti are not vintage dated even though a majority of the grapes might all come from the same vintage year. The wines are typically at their peak between 1 and 2 years from their release.[13]
Other wines[edit]
A Barbera d'Alba from Piedmont.
The Barbera grape is the most widely planted variety in all of the Piedmont and makes a juicy, muscular red wine that is not as tannic as Barolo and Barbaresco. It is grown in nearly every major wine making region of the Piedmont but seems to do best in the southern part of the province of Asti in the Nizza DOCG zone. Some producers are experimenting with blending Barbera with Nebbiolo to combine the former's fruitiness with the later's structure. The light fruitiness of wines from the Dolcetto grape has caused some wine writers to describe it as the Italian version of Beaujolais. The wines have a sense of spiciness to them with little acid and tannins. They are able to be drunk relatively young and tend to be the every day drinking wines of the Piedmontese.[14]
Up until the 1980s, when the wines of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia began to receive notice, the white wines of the Gavi region were touted as the best expression of dry Italian wine. Made primarily from the Cortese grape, these wines are noted for their dry, crisp acidity with citrus and mineral notes. The white wines made from the Arneis grape tend to be dry, vibrant and full body with notes of pears and apricots. Produced in the hills of the Roero to the northwest of Alba, the name Arneis means "rascal" in Piedmontese.[14]
See also[edit]
Piedmont
Piedmont cuisine
External links[edit]
Map of the Piedmont wine region
Piedmont vintage charts
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c H. Johnson Vintage: The Story of Wine pg 412-423 Simon and Schuster 1989 ISBN 0-671-68702-6
^ Jump up to: a b c d M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 38-41 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0-7645-5355-0
Jump up ^ San Damiano d'Asti climate http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=161161&refer=&units=metric
Jump up ^ Bordeaux climate http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=1570&refer=&units=metric
^ Jump up to: a b c J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 525-526 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6
Jump up ^ Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita#Elenco di vini DOCG
Jump up ^ J. Robinson Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes pg 185 Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 0198600984
Jump up ^ J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours pgs 82, 910-911, 1106 Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2
Jump up ^ M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 52 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0-7645-5355-0
^ Jump up to: a b M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 42-46 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0-7645-5355-0
^ Jump up to: a b M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 47-51 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0-7645-5355-0
Jump up ^ K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 327 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5
Jump up ^ M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 62 Hungry Minds 2001 ISBN 0-7645-5355-0
^ Jump up to: a b K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 331-333 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5
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Blues Project
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Blues Project
Blues Project in 1966
Background information
Origin
Greenwich Village, New York, United States
Genres
Blues, rock, psychedelic rock, Garage Rock
Years active
1965–1968; 1970–1973; sporadically 1973–present
Labels
Verve
Capitol
Members
Danny Kalb
Steve Katz
Tommy Flanders
Al Kooper
Roy Blumenfeld
Past members
Andy Kulberg
John McDuffy
David Cohen
Don Kretmar
John Gregory
Bill Lussenden
Eric Pearson
Richard Greene
The Blues Project is a band from the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City that was formed in 1965 and originally split up in 1967.[1] Their songs drew from a wide array of musical styles. They are most remembered as one of the most artful practitioners of pop music, influenced as it was by folk, blues, rhythm & blues, jazz and the pop music of the day.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Albums discography
2.1 Studio & live albums
2.2 Compilations
3 Members
3.1 Best-known lineup
3.2 Later members
4 References
5 External links
Career[edit]
In 1964, Elektra Records produced a compilation album of various artists entitled, The Blues Project, which featured several white musicians from the Greenwich Village area who played acoustic blues music in the style of black musicians. One of the featured artists on the album was a young guitarist named Danny Kalb, who was paid $75 for his two songs. Not long after the album's release, however, Kalb gave up his acoustic guitar for an electric one. The Beatles' arrival in the United States earlier in the year muted the folk and acoustic blues movement that had swept the US in the early 1960s.
Kalb formed the Danny Kalb Quartet in early 1965, with rhythm guitarist Artie Traum, Andy Kulberg on bass and drummer Roy Blumenfeld.[2] When Traum went to Europe during the summer, guitarist Steve Katz (like Kalb, a former pupil of guitarist Dave Van Ronk) joined as first a temporary replacement and then a permanent member. Later in 1965, the group added singer Tommy Flanders and changed its name to the Blues Project, as an allusion to Kalb's first foray on record.
Late in the year, the band auditioned for Columbia Records. During the session for the auditions, producer Tom Wilson hired session musician Al Kooper, who had worked with him on Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone," to provide piano and organ. Kooper, who had worked with Blumenfeld and Kulberg during sessions for his contribution to the What's Shakin' compilation,[3] was invited to join the group.
While Columbia declined to sign the band, Wilson signed the group to Verve Records. The band began recording their first album live at the Cafe Au Go Go in Greenwich Village over the course of a week in November 1965.[1]
Entitled Live at The Cafe Au Go Go the album was finished with another week of recordings in January 1966. By that time, Flanders had left the band and, as a result, he appeared on only a few of the songs on this album.[1]
The album was a moderate success and the band toured the US to promote it. While in San Francisco, California in April 1966, the Blues Project played at the Fillmore Auditorium to rave reviews. Members of the Grateful Dead who were in attendance were impressed with their performance.(Source: Rock Family Trees - television program)
Returning to New York, the band recorded their second album in the fall of 1966, and it was released in November. Projections contained an eclectic set of songs that ran the gamut from blues, R&B, jazz, psychedelia, and folk-rock.[1] The centerpieces of the album were an 11-and-a-half minute version of Muddy Waters' blues standard "Two Trains Running," and the instrumental "Flute Thing", written by Kooper and featuring Kulberg on flute.
Soon after Projections was completed, however, the band began to fall apart. Kooper left the band in the spring of 1967, and the band completed a third album, Live At Town Hall without him. Despite the name, only one song was recorded live at Town Hall in New York; the other songs were live recordings from other venues, or studio outtakes with overdubbed applause to feign a live sound.[1] One song in the latter category, Kooper's "No Time Like the Right Time," would be the band's only charting single.
The Blues Project's last hurrah was at the Monterey International Pop Festival held in Monterey, California, in June 1967. By this time, however, half of the band's original line-up was gone. Katz left soon thereafter, followed by Kalb. Ironically, Kooper was at the festival in the capacity of "assistant stage manager" to "Chip" Monck.[4] A fourth album, 1968's Planned Obsolescence, featured only Blumenfeld and Kulberg from the original lineup, but was released under the Blues Project name at Verve's insistence. Future recordings by this lineup would be released under a new band name, Seatrain.
In 1968, Kooper and Katz joined forces to fulfill a desire of Kooper's to form a rock band with a horn section. The result was Blood, Sweat & Tears. While Kooper led the band on its first album, Child Is Father to the Man, he did not take part in any subsequent releases. Soon after, Kooper, then a producer for Columbia Records, recorded with Bloomfield, Stephen Stills and Harvey Brooks for the album entitled Super Session,[5] before doing several solo albums including one with Shuggie Otis. Katz, on the other hand, remained with the band into the 1970s.
The Blues Project, with a modified line-up, reformed briefly in the early 1970s, releasing three further albums: 1971's Lazarus, 1972's The Blues Project, and 1973's The Original Blues Project Reunion In Central Park (which featured Kooper but not Flanders). These albums did little to excite the public and since then, the group's activity has been confined to a few sporadic reunion concerts, such as when the Blues Project played a fundraising concert at Valley Stream Central High School in New York, promoted by Bruce Blakeman with the proceeds going to the Youth Council and the US Olympic Committee.
In the period between 2001 and 2007, Roy Blumenfeld drummed in the Barry Melton Band (Melton of Country Joe and the Fish fame).[6]
Albums discography[edit]
Studio & live albums[edit]
Live at The Cafe Au Go Go (1966)
Projections (1966)
Live at Town Hall (1967)
Planned Obsolescence (1968)
Lazarus (1971)
Blues Project (1972)
Reunion in Central Park (1973)
Compilations[edit]
Best of The Blues Project (1989)
Chronicles (1996)[1]
The Blues Project Anthology (1997)
Members[edit]
Best-known lineup[edit]
Tommy Flanders - vocals (born circa 1944) (1965-1966, 1972-1973, -present)
Danny Kalb - guitar (born September 19, 1942, Brooklyn, New York) (1965-1967, 1969–present)
Steve Katz - guitar, harmonica, vocals (born May 9, 1945, New York City) (1965-1967, 1973–present)
Al Kooper - keyboards, vocals (born February 5, 1944, Brooklyn, New York) (1965-1967, 1973–present)
Andy Kulberg - bass guitar, flute (April 30, 1944, Buffalo, New York – January 28, 2002, California) (1965-1967, 1973-2002)
Roy Blumenfeld - drums (born May 11, 1944, Bronx, New York) (1965-1967, 1969-?)
2012-Current
Steve Katz - guitar, harmonica, vocals (born May 9, 1945, New York City) (1965-1967, 1973–present)
Roy Blumenfeld - drums (born May 11, 1944, Bronx, New York) (1965-1967, 1969-?)
Joe Bouchard - bass
John Kruth - mandolin, flute, vocals
Kenny Margolis - keyboards
Later members[edit]
John McDuffy - keyboards, vocals (1967-1968)
John Gregory - guitar (1968-?)
Don Kretmar - bass, saxophone (1969-1973)
David Cohen - keyboards (born August 4, 1942, Brooklyn, New York) (1972)
Bill Lussenden - guitar (1972-1973)
Eric Pearson - keyboards (1972)
Richard Greene - violin (1968)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. p. 95. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
Jump up ^ "Steve Katz, ex-Blues Project, BS&T, talks about new book | WRTC". www.wrtcfm.com. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
Jump up ^ Kooper, Al (1998). Backstage Passes & Backstabbing Bastards (First ed.). New York: Billboard Books/Watson-Guptill Publications. p. 51. ISBN 0-8230-8257-1.
Jump up ^ Kooper, Al (1998). Backstage Passes & Backstabbing Bastards (First ed.). New York: Billboard Books/Watson-Guptill Publications. pp. 91–97. ISBN 0-8230-8257-1.
Jump up ^ Kooper, Al (1998). Backstage Passes & Backstabbing Bastards (First ed.). New York: Billboard Books/Watson-Guptill Publications. pp. 131–132. ISBN 0-8230-8257-1.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
External links[edit]
Illustrated Danny Kalb discography (including Blues Project recordings with Kalb)
[hide]
v
t
e
Al Kooper
Studio albums
I Stand Alone
You Never Know Who Your Friends Are
Easy Does It
New York City (You're A Woman)
A Possible Projection of the Future / Childhood's End
Naked Songs
Act Like Nothing's Wrong
Collaborative albums
Super Session
The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper
Kooper Session
Compilation albums
Al's Big Deal – Unclaimed Freight
Related
Blood, Sweat & Tears
Mike Bloomfield
The Blues Project
Bob Dylan
Stephen Stills
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 129134089
ISNI: 0000 0001 0659 7053
BNF: cb13902042j (data)
MusicBrainz: 10017fb7-c3b0-41c6-9bc5-719cf51c9ce6
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blues_Project&oldid=796916442"
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This page was last edited on 23 August 2017, at 20:41.
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