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Once upon a time
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Frontispiece to The How and Why Library, 1909
"Once upon a time" is a stock phrase used to introduce a narrative of past events, typically in fairy tales and folk tales. It has been used in some form since at least 1380 (according to the Oxford English Dictionary) in storytelling in the English language and has opened many oral narratives since 1600. These stories often then end with "and they all lived happily ever after", or, originally, "happily until their deaths".
The phrase is particularly common in fairy tales for younger children, where it is almost always the opening line of a tale. It was commonly used in the original translations of the stories of Charles Perrault as a translation for the French "il était une fois", of Hans Christian Andersen as a translation for the Danish "der var engang", (literally "there was once"), the Brothers Grimm as a translation for the German "es war einmal" (literally "it was once") and Joseph Jacobs in English translations and fairy tales.
The phrase is also frequently used in such oral stories as retellings of myths, fables, folklore and children's literature.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Other languages
2 Modern variants
3 See also
4 Further reading
5 References
6 External links
Other languages[edit]
The "story-starting phrase" is a common feature of many languages.
[hide]Language
Common beginning
Common beginning (English translation)
Common ending
Common ending (English translation)
Albanian
Na ishte një herë... Once there was... Dhe ata jetuanumtur pergjithmonë And they lived happy forever
Afrikaans
Eendag, lank gelede... One day, a long time ago... Fluit, fluit, die storie is uit Whistle, whistle, the story is done
Algerian Arabic
Hajitek ma jitek (حجيتك ما جيتك) I've told you what's coming Unknown Unknown
Amharic
በድሮ ዘመን... Once a long time ago... ተረቴን መልሱ አፌን በዳቦ አብሱ:: Return my story and feed me bread.(It is a way of saying tell me a story for the one I have told you.)
Classical Arabic
kân yâ mâ kân fî qadîmi zzamân wsalifî al`aSri wal'awân...
(كان يا ما كان،في قديم الزمان، وسالف العصر والأوان)
There was, oh what there was (or there wasn't) in the oldest of days and ages and times... Unknown Unknown
Assamese
বহুত দিনৰ আগত... (Bahut dinor aagot...) Long time ago... Unknown Unknown
Armenian
Լինում է, չի լինում... (Linum e, chi linum) There was, there was not... Երկնքից երեք խնձոր է ընկնում՝ Մեկը գրողին, մեկը պատմողին, մեկն էլ լսողին: (Yerknkits yereq khndzor e ynknum` Meky groxin, meky patmoxin, mekn el lsoxin) 3 apples fall from the sky/heaven - one for the writer/author, one for the storyteller, one for the listener Note: (the three apples can "be given" to different people, when people tell stories they change the three to whatever they like. The version noted here is the most common/known)
Asturian
Ello yera una vez... There was once... Y con esto acabóse'l cuentu. And so the tale is finished.
Azeri
Biri var idi, biri yox idi... There was, (and) there was not... Unknown Unknown
Basque
Bazen behin... Once upon a time... ...eta hala bazan ala ez bazan, sar dadila kalabazan eta atera dadila ...-ko plazan ... and it was or it was not, come in in the pumpkin and come out in the square of... (name of a town).
Bengali
ek je chhilo raja... Once there lived a king aamaar kothati furolo; Notey gaachhti murolo My story ends and the spinach is eaten by the goat. (cf A Goat eats the root of a herb unlike cows, so being consumed by goats figuratively means something being irreversibly ended.)
Ek deshe chhilo... In some country, there was...
Breton
Ur wech e oa... Once upon a time... ...hag e vevjont eürus asambles hag o devoe kalz a vugale. ...and they lived happily and had many children.
Bulgarian
Имало едно време...
(Imalo edno vreme...) There was, once upon a time... ...и заживели щастливо до края на дните си (...i zazhiveli shtastlivo do kraya na dnite si) ...and they lived happily until the end of their days
...и три дни яли, пили и се веселили (...i tri dni yali, pili i se veselili) ...and for three days they ate, drank and had fun.
Catalan
Hi havia una vegada There was a time... Vet aquí un gat, vet aquí un gos, aquest conte ja s'ha fos. I vet aquí un gos, vet aquí un gat, aquest conte s'ha acabat. Here's a cat, here's a dog, this tale is already melted. And here's a dog, here's a cat, this tale is finished.
Temps era temps... Time was time... I conte contat, conte acabat Tale told, tale finished
Chinese
T: 很久很久以前
S: 很久很久以前
P: Hěnjiǔ hěnjiǔ yǐqián A very very long time ago... T: 從此，他們過著幸福快樂的日子
S: 从此，他们过着幸福快乐的日子
P: Cóngcǐ, tāmenguòzhe xìngfú kuàilè de rìzi ... and they lived a happy life
Croatian
Bio jednom jedan... There was once a... ...i živjeli su sretno do kraja života. ...and they lived happily until the end of their lives.
Czech
Bylo nebylo, ... There was, there was not... ... a žili šťastně až do smrti. ...and they lived happily until they died.
Byl jednou jeden... There was once a ... ...a jestli neumřeli, žijí tam dodnes. ...and if they have not died yet, they still live there today.
Za sedmero horami a sedmero řekami... Beyond seven mountain ranges, beyond seven rivers . . . Zazvonil zvonec a pohádky je konec. A bell rang and the tale comes to its end.
Danish
Der var engang... There was, once... Og de levede lykkeligt til deres dages ende. And they lived happily until the end of their days.
Engang for længe siden... Once a long time ago... Og hvis de ikke er døde, lever de endnu. And if they're not dead, they are still alive.
Dutch
Er was eens... Once there was... ... en ze leefden nog lang en gelukkig. ...and they lived long and happily.
En toen kwam er een varken met een lange snuit en die blies het verhaaltje uit. And then came a pig with a long snout, and the story is out (over).
Esperanto
Iam estis... Once there was... La mizero finiĝis kaj ili ĝoje vivis kune. Their misery was ended and they lived together joyfully.
En tempo jam de longa pasinta,
kiam efikas ankoraŭ sorĉado…. In a time already long past,
when it was still of use to cast a spell… Nenio mankis en ilia feliĉo ĝis la morto. Nothing was lacking to their happiness until their death.
Estonian
Elasid kord... There once lived a... ... ja nad elasid õnnelikult elu lõpuni. ...and they lived happily until the end of their lives.
Seitsme maa ja mere taga elas kord... Behind seven lands and seas there lived a... ...ja kui nad surnud ei ole, siis elavad nad õnnelikult edasi ...and if they're not dead, they still live happily.
Faroese
Einaferð var tað... Once there was... Og tey livdu lukkuliga allar teirra dagar. and they lived happily all their days.
snip, snap, snúti, so var søgan úti. snip, snap, stout, then the story was out.
Filipino
Noong unang panahon... At the beginning of time... At sila'y namuhay ng mapayapa at masagana And they lived peacefully and propesrous
Finnish
Olipa kerran... Once there was... Ja he elivät onnellisina elämänsä loppuun saakka. And they lived happily until the ends of their lives.
Sen pituinen se. That's the length of it.
French
Il était une fois There was one time / There was once... ...et ils vécurent heureux et eurent beaucoup d'enfants ...and they lived happily and had many children.
...et ils vécurent heureux jusqu'à la fin des temps ...and they lived happily until the end of time.
German
Es war einmal... Once there was... ...und wenn sie nicht gestorben sind, dann leben sie noch heute. ...and if they haven't died, they are still living today.
In den alten Zeiten, als das Wünschen noch geholfen hat Back in the days when it was still of help to wish for a thing,... ...und sie lebten glücklich und zufrieden bis ans Ende ihrer Tage. ...and they lived happily and contentedly until the end of their days.
Georgian
იყო და არა იყო რა, იყო...
(iko da ara iko ra, iko...) There was, and there was not, there was... ჭირი – იქა, ლხინი – აქა, ქატო – იქა, ფქვილი – აქა
(Čiri – ik′a, lxini – ak′a, k′at′o – ik′a, p′k′vili – ak′a)
Disaster there, feast here... bran there, flour here...
Goemai (Nigeria, West Chadic)
Unknown (Story teller begins in a sing song voice) "Story, Story". The children reply "Story"
A long time ago... / In the days of our ancestors / When men were men and women tended the kitchen
Tamtis noe lat / dok ba muaan yi wa My tale has finished, (it) has returned to go (and) come home.
Greek (Modern)
Μια φορά κι έναν καιρό...
(Mia fora ki enan kairo...) Once and a time... (time = epoch/era/age) ...και ζήσανε αυτοί καλά και εμείς καλύτερα. (...kai zīsane autoi kala kai emeis kalytera) And they lived well, and we lived better
Gujarati
ઘણાં વર્ષો પહેલાંની વાત છે
(Ghaṇã vaṣô pahelãnī vāta che) This is an old story. Unknown Unknown
એક જમાનામાં... (Eka jamānāmã...) In one era, ... Unknown Unknown
વર્ષો પહેલાં... (Vaṣô pahelã...) A long back Unknown Unknown
Hebrew
הָיֹה הָיָה פעם
(Hayoh hayah pa'am...) Once there was... והם חיו באושר ועושר עד עצם היום הזה (Ve'hem ẖayu be'osher va'osher ad etzem hayom hazeh) And they lived in happiness and luxury to this very day.
הָיֹה הָיוּ פעם
(Hayo hayu pa'am...) Once there were...
Hindi
किसी ज़माने में (Kisī zamāne meṃ) In one era, ... Unknown Unknown
बहुत पुरानी बात है
(Bahuta purānī bāta hai) It's an old story, ...
Hungarian
Egyszer volt, hol nem volt, volt egyszer egy... Once there was, where there wasn't, there was a... Itt a vége, fuss el véle! This is the end; run away with it.
Boldogan éltek, amíg meg nem haltak. They lived happily until they died.
Icelandic
Einu sinni fyrir langa löngu... Once a long time ago. Og þau lifðu hamingjusöm til æviloka And the lived happy for the rest of their lives.
Einu sinni var... Once there was... Köttur úti í mýri, setti upp á sér stýrið og úti er ævintýrið A cat in the bog put up his tail and there ends the fairytale.
Köttur úti í mýri, setti upp á sér stýri, úti er ævintýri Cat out in the swamp, lifted its tail, the adventure is finished.
Indonesian
Pada zaman dahulu kala... A long time ago... Dan mereka hidup bahagia selama-lamanya. And they lived happily ever after.
Iraqw (Tanzania, Kenya, Cushitic)
tokaro-yâ Once upon a time Unknown Unknown
In oral literature: Kar aníng te-'ée' to-ká a inhláw ar aakó doo-rén ni alki'-a i tí I remember something that our father told me and that is this: Unknown Unknown
Irish
Fadó, fadó, fadó a bhí ann (agus bhí rí i nGaillimh) A long, long, long time ago it was (and there was a king in Galway) Unknown Unknown
Italian
C'era una volta... There was once... E vissero felici e contenti. And they lived happy and content.
Japanese
昔昔 (昔々, むかしむかし, Mukashi mukashi) Long ago, long ago... めでたしめでたし
(Medetashi medetashi) So blissful
Korean
옛날 옛적에...
(Yet-nal Yet-jeok-e...) On an old day, in the old times, 그리고 행복하게 살았답니다
(Geurigo haeng-bok ha-gae sal-at damnida) And they lived happily after then.
Kannada
Ondanondu kaaladalli... Once, in a long past age,... Unknown Unknown
Koti (Mozambique, Bantu)
Rakú z'éepo waarí-vó oswááipu nwúlw'eéne saána Once upon the time, there was a truly great friendship... Unknown Unknown
Kyrgyz
илгери-илгери...
(ilgeri-ilgeri...) A long, long time ago... Unknown Unknown
Latin
Olim... At that time, Once Unknown Unknown
Latvian
Reiz sen senos laikos... Once long ago in times long gone Unknown Unknown
Lithuanian
Vieną kartą... Once upon the time Ir aš ten buvau, alų midų gėriau, per barzdą varvėjo, burnoj neturėjau And I was there, drank some mead ale, dribbled through my beard, had not in my mouth
Luxembourgish
Et war eemol...
(old orthography: Et wor eemol...) Once there was... An wann se net gestuerwen sin, dann liewen se nach haut ...and if they haven't died yet, they are still living today.
Macedonia
Си беше еднаш...
(Si beshe ednash...) Once upon the time there was... Unknown Unknown
Malayalam
Pandu oridathu... Long ago, at a place... Unknown Unknown
Malay
Pada zaman dahulu... Once upon a time Mereka hidup bahagia selama-lamanya. They lived happily ever after.
Marathi
कोणे एके काळी...
(kone eke kaali...) in a very old time... आणि ते सुखाने राहू लागले
(aani te sukhane raahu laagle) and they lived happily ever after
Maragoli
Mmadikhu ga khaare In olden days Unknown Unknown
Maltese
Darba, fost l-oħrajn... Once upon a time... U għexu henjin u kuntenti għal dejjem And they lived happily and contentedly ever after.
Moroccan Arabic
حجيتك ما جيتك (Hajitek ma jitek) I've told you what's coming Unknown Unknown
Nepali language
एका देशमा (eka desh ma) Once in a country... सुन्नेलार्इ सुनको माला,
भन्नेलार्इ फूलको माला;
यो कथा बैकुन्ठ जाला, फेरी भन्ने बत्तिकै तात्तातै अाइजाला। A Golden Garland to the listener, A flower Garland to the narrator; This story shall go to Vishnu's abode (Heaven), And come back hot(fresh) on someone else's (the next Narrator) lips. (Said in a rhyme.)
Nigeria (South)
Varied (Story teller begins in a sing song voice) "Story, Story". The children reply "Story"
or, A long time ago... or, In the days of our ancestors... (or this, usually among adults and jovially) Long ago, when men were men and women tended the kitchen...
Varied And so my story has finished. It has returned to where it came from.
Norwegian
Det var en gang... There was, once... Og så levde de lykkelige alle sine dager And then they lived happily for the remainder of their days.
Og er de ikke døde, så lever de ennå. And if they're not dead, they still live.
Snipp, snapp, snute, så er eventyret ute. Snip, snap, snute (snout), then this adventure is finished.
Occitan
Un còp èra... There was one time / There was once...
Pashto
داسي کار وو چي
(Daasi kaar wo che) There was this work that... Bas The End
داسي چل وو چي
(Daasi chal wo che) There was this work that... Bas The End
Persian
... ،روزی، روزگاری
Ruzi, ruzgāri, ... Someday, sometime, ... ،به پایان آمد این دفتر
.حکایت همچنان باقیست
Be pāyān āmad in daftar,
hekāyat hamčenān bāqist.
This book has come to end,
(but) the story yet remains.
... ،یکی بود، یکی نبود
Yeki bud, yeki nabud, ... Someone was, someone wasn't, ... ،قصه‌ی ما به سر رسید
.کلاغه به خونش نرسید
Qesse ye mā be sar resid,
kalāqe be xunaš naresid.
Our tale has come to end,
(but) the crow hasn't arrived at his house.
Polish
(Dawno, dawno temu,) za siedmioma górami, za siedmioma lasami... (A long, long time ago,) beyond seven mountains, beyond seven forests... ...i żyli długo i szczęśliwie. ...and they lived long and happily.
Za siedmioma górami, za siedmioma rzekami... Beyond seven mountains, beyond seven rivers... ...a ja tam byłem, miód i wino piłem. ...and I was there [usually at a wedding] too, and drank mead and wine.
Portuguese
Era uma vez... There was, once... ...e viveram felizes para sempre ...and they lived happily forever.
Qiang
Gver gver ngue du... A long long time ago... Unknown Unknown
Romanian
A fost odată, ca niciodată... There once was, (as never before)... ...şi au trăit fericiţi până la adânci bătrâneţi. ...and they lived happily until old age.
Russian
Давным-давно
(Davnym-davno) Long, long time ago... И жили они долго и счастливо.
(I zhili oni dolgo i s-chastlivo.) ...and they lived long and happily.
(В некотором царстве, в некотором государстве) Жил, был...
((V nekotorom tsarstve, v nekotorom goosudarstve) Zhil byl...)
(In some kingdom, in some land) There lived, there was...
Sanskrit
पुराकाले (Pūrākāle) In the ancient time... Unknown Unknown
कदाचित् (Kadājit) Once upon the time, At any time Unknown Unknown
Scots
In the days o lang syne Long ago Unknown Unknown
Serbian
Једном давно...
(Jednom davno...);
Некада давно...
(Nekada davno...)
Once, a long time ago... ...и живеше сретно/срећно до краја живота. (...i živeše sretno/srećno do kraja života.) ...and they lived happily for the rest of their lives.
Била једном једна...
(fem., Bila jednom jedna)
Био једном један...
(masc., Bio jednom jedan)
Било једном једно...
(neuter, Bilo jednom jedno)
There once was one... ...и живеше дуго и сретно/срећно. (...i živeše dugo i sretno/srećno.) ...and they lived long and happily.
Shona
Paivapo... A long time ago, there existed Ndopanoperera sarungano End of the story.
Slovak
Kde bolo, tam bolo... Where it was, there it was... ...a žili spolu šťastne, až kým nepomreli. ...and they lived together happily, until they died.
Za horami, za dolami... Beyond the hills, beyond the valleys... ...a žili spolu šťastne až do smrti. ...and they lived together happily until their deaths.
Za siedmimi horami a za siedmimi dolinami... Beyond seven mountains and seven valleys... ...a pokiaľ nepomreli, žijú šťastne dodnes. ...and if they haven't died already, they are living happily to this day.
Tam, kde sa voda sypala a piesok sa lial... Where the water was being strewn and the sand poured... Zazvonil zvonec a rozprávke je koniec. The bell chimed and the tale came to its end.
Bol raz jeden... Once, there was a...
Slovene
Pred davnimi časi... A long time ago... ...in živela sta srečno do konca svojih dni. ...and they (both) lived happy until the end of their days.
Nekoč je bil(a)/živel(a)... Once upon a time there was/lived... ...in živeli so srečno do konca svojih dni. ... and they (all) lived happily until the end of their days.
Somali
Sheeko sheeko, sheeko xariir... Once upon a time..
Spanish
Érase una vez... There was, once... ...y vivieron felices y comieron perdices. ...and they lived happy and ate partridges.
Había una vez... There was, once... ...y colorín, colorado, este cuento se ha acabado. ...and red, redder, this tale has ended.
Swahili (east African)
Hapo zamani za kale... A long time ago Unknown Unknown
Swedish
Det var en gång... Once, there was... ...och så levde de lyckliga i alla sina dagar. ...and then they lived happily for all of their days.
En gång för länge sedan... Once, long ago... Snipp snapp snut, så var sagan slut Snip, snap, snute (snout), thus the story ends.
Tagalog
Noóng unang panahón... Back in the old time... At sila'y nabuhay nang masaya And they lived happily.
Tamil language
முன்னொரு காலத்திலே... (Muḷḷoru kālattilē...) At a time long ago Subham The End.
Telugu language
అనగనగా ఒక రోజు...
(anaganagā oka rōju) Once upon a day... Unknown Unknown
Thai
กาลครั้งหนึ่งนานมาแล้ว
(gaan kráng nèung naan maa láew) Once upon the time (long ago)... แล้วทุกคนก็อยู่ด้วยกันอย่างมีความสุขตลอดไป
(láew túk kon gôr yòo dûay gan yàang mee kwaam sùk dtà-lòt bpai)
And they lived happily forever.
Turkish
Bir varmış, bir yokmuş. Evvel zaman içinde, kalbur saman içinde, cinler cirit oynar iken eski hamam içinde, pireler berber [iken], develer tellal [iken], ben ninemin beşiğini tıngır mıngır sallar iken, uzak diyarların birinde... Once there was, and once there wasn't. In the long-distant days of yore, when haystacks winnowed sieves, when genies played jereed in the old bathhouse, [when] fleas were barbers, [when] camels were town criers, [and when] I softly rocked my baby grandmother to sleep in her creaking cradle, there was/lived, in an exotic land, far, far away, a/an...*

∗ : This traditional opening phrase by the storyteller is rich with rhyming wordplays, tongue-twisters, as well as comedic and bizarre situational juxtapositions that are meant to draw listeners in, and set the stage for a whimsical, fantastical storyline.
Gökten üç elma düşmüş; biri onların, biri anlatanın, diğeri de dinleyenlerin başına. Onlar ermiş muradına, biz çıkalım kerevetine.

Alternatively:
Gökten üç elma düşmüş; birincisi, içindeki çocuğu yaşatmayı bilenlere, ikincisi, davranmadan önce dinleyip düşünenlere, üçüncüsü ise özündeki sevgiyi ve umudu hiç kaybetmeyenlere. Onlar ermiş muradına, biz çıkalım kerevetine.
Lastly, three apples fell from the sky; one for our story's heroes, one for the person who told their tale, and one for those who listened and promise to share. And with that, they* all achieved their hearts' desires. Let us** now step up and settle into their thrones.***

Alternatively:
Lastly, three apples fell from the sky; one for those who know to keep their inner child alive, one for those who know to listen and think before they act, and one for those who never lose the love and hope within their soul. And with that, they* all achieved their hearts' desires. Let us** now step up and settle into their thrones.***

∗ : the protagonists of the story
∗∗: the listeners
∗∗∗: a common conclusory storytelling expression meaning "may we all share in their good fortune"
Ukrainian
Давним-давно
(Davnym-davno) Long, long time ago... І жили вони довго і щасливо.
(I zhyly vony dovho i shchaslyvo.) ...and they lived long and happily.
(В деякому царстві, у деякій державі) жив-був...
((V deyakomu tsarstvi, u deyakiy derzhavi) zhyv-buv...)
(In some kingdom, in some land) There lived, there was...
Urdu
ایک دفعہ کا ذکر ہے۔۔۔
(Ek dafa ka zikar hai...) Once upon a time... Unknown Unknown
Vietnamese
Ngày xửa ngày xưa... A long, long time ago... ...và họ sống hạnh phúc mãi mãi về sau ...and they live happily ever after
Valenciano
Això va anar i era... This was and was... I visqueren molts anys de molta felicitat. And they lived many years of happiness.
Això va passar en aquells temps antics This occurred in those ancient times Van ser molt feliços, tingueren molts fills i encara viurien si no s'haguessen mort They were very happy, had many children, and still would live if they had not died
Welsh
Amser maith yn ôl... A long time ago... Unknown Unknown
Modern variants[edit]
Don McLean's "American Pie" begins with the phrase "A long, long time ago...".
All nine of the Star Wars films, as well as several of the expanded universe novels, begin with the phrase "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away....".
The musical Into the Woods begins with the Narrator's line, "Once upon a time." The second act commences with his line, "Once upon a time... later..." The musical is a retelling of many famous fairy tales.
In the Singaporean comedy series Under One Roof, Moses Lim's character Tan Ah Teck begins his stories with "Long before your time, in the southern province of China ...".
In the 2010 Edgar Wright film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, the opening scene narrates the words "Not so long ago, in the mysterious land of Toronto, Canada."
The opening line of the theme song to MST3k is: "In the not-too-distant future ... next Sunday, A.D."
Bionicle features the line "In a time, before time...".
The opening line of the TV series Merlin features the line “In a land of myth, and a time of magic..."
See also[edit]
All's Well That Ends Well
Happy ending
In the Beginning (disambiguation)
Further reading[edit]
Герасимова Н.М. Пространственно-временные формулы русской волшебной сказки // Русский фольклор. Т. 18. Славянскне литературы и фольклор: Л.: Наука, 1978. С. 173–180.
Герасимова Н.М. Формулы русской волшебной сказки // Советская этнография. 1978. № 5. С. 18–28.
Madden, David. 2006. A Pocketful of Prose. Vintage Short Fiction. Volume Two. Boston: Thomson, p. 117
Pop M. Die Funktion der Anfangs- und Schlufiformeln im rumaenischen Maerchen // Volksueberlieferung. Hrsg. F. Harkort, K.C. Peeters, R. Wildhaber. Goettingen: Otto Schwartz & Co, 1968. pages 321–326.
Рошияну Н. Традиционные формулы сказки. М.: ГРВЛ–Наука, 1974.
Разумова И.А. Стилистическая обрядность русской волшебной сказки. Петрозаводск: Карелия, 1991.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ blogs.scientificamerican.com
External links[edit]
Look up once upon a time in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Folktale Openings
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Geographical centre of Earth
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Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
One calculation of the geographical centre of all land surfaces on Earth, lower Egypt.[1]
Geographical centre of Earth (Middle East)
Show map of Earth Show map of Middle East Show all
The geographical centre of Earth is the geometric centre of all land surfaces on Earth. In a more strict definition, it is the superficial barycenter of the mass distribution produced by treating each continent or island as a region of a thin shell of uniform density and approximating the geoid with a sphere. The centre is inside Earth but can be projected to the closest point on the surface.
Contents
[hide]
1 History of geo-centroid calculation
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
History of geo-centroid calculation[edit]
In 1864, Charles Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, gave in his book Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid the coordinates with 30°00′N 31°00′E / 30.000°N 31.000°E / 30.000; 31.000 (Geographical centre of all land surfaces on Earth (Smyth 1864)), the location of the Great Pyramid of Giza.[2][3] In addition, in October of that year, Smyth proposed to position the prime meridian at the longitude of the Great Pyramid because there it would "pass over more land than any other". He also argued the cultural significance of the location and its vicinity to Jerusalem. The expert committee deciding the issue, however, voted for Greenwich because "so many ships used the port of London".[3] Referring to Smyth's book, Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard wrote in his 1884 book, The imaginary metrological system of the Great pyramid of Gizeh, that the perfect location of the Great Pyramid along the longitudinal line could only have been purposefully done by its builders.[4]
In the September 1919 issue of Trestle Board Magazine, Mason William Galliher stated that knowledge of the Great Pyramid being the geographical centre was "determined by many years of scientific investigation" and that the Great Pyramid was likely to be the "last of the present land surface of the earth" to survive a cataclysmic event, due to its positioning.[5]
In 1973, Andrew J. Woods, a physicist with Gulf Energy & Environmental Systems in San Diego, used a digital global map and calculated the coordinates on a mainframe system as 39°00′N 34°00′E / 39.000°N 34.000°E / 39.000; 34.000 (Geographical centre of all land surfaces on Earth (Woods 1973)), in modern Turkey, 1,000 km north of Giza[6][unreliable source?]
In 2007, Susan Wise Bauer claimed in her book Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome, that the theory that the Great Pyramid was the geographical centre of Earth would only hold true if a Mercator projection is used as the map for Earth, which was "unlikely to have been a common practice of the ancient Egyptians".[7]
See also[edit]
Land and water hemispheres
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Isenberg, Holger. "Giza, Center of Earth (page 3 of 10)". mars-news.de. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Smyth, Charles Piazzi (1864). Our inheritance in the Great Pyramid. London: W. Isbister & Co. pp. V,55,460.
^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, Colin; Rand Flem-Ath (2002). The Atlantis Blueprint: Unlocking The Ancient Mysteries Of A Long-Lost Civilization. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 63–64. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter (1884). The imaginary metrological system of the Great pyramid of Gizeh. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 12–13. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ William Galliher (September 1919). "The Riddle of Cheops Pyramid". Trestle Board Magazine. Kessinger Publishing. 33 (3): 9. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Woods, Andrew J. (1973). The Center of the Earth. I.C.R. Technical Monographs. 3. London: I.C.R.
Jump up ^ Bauer, Susan Wise (2007). The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 86. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
External links[edit]
Huber, W (Jan 17, 2014). "What is Centroid of all lands of Earth?" [Where is the center of continental land area]. Stack Exchange. GIS.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geographical_centre_of_Earth&oldid=830570001"
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