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Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
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For the American Triple Crown, see Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States).
Ormonde, an undefeated English Triple Crown winner
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, comprises three races for three-year-old Thoroughbred horses. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th century England and nations where thoroughbred racing is popular each have their own Triple Crown series.
Contents
1 United States Triple Crowns
1.1 Triple Crown winners
1.2 Triple Tiara
2 English Triple Crowns
2.1 Triple Crown winners
2.2 Failed Triple Crown attempts
2.3 Fillies Triple Crown
2.4 Alternative Triple Crowns
3 Ireland
3.1 Triple Crown winners
4 Canada
4.1 Winners of the Canadian Triple Crown
4.1.1 Pre-1959 establishment
4.1.2 Since 1959 establishment
4.2 Canadian Triple Tiara
5 Australia
5.1 Australian Triple Crown champions
6 Germany
7 France
8 Belgium
9 Hungary
10 Switzerland
11 Denmark
12 Sweden
13 Norway
14 The Netherlands
15 India
16 Kenya
17 Turkey
18 Japan
19 Hong Kong
20 Italy
21 Spain
22 Macau
23 Argentina
24 Mexico
25 Chile
26 Dominican Republic
27 Jamaica
28 Panama
29 Poland
30 Puerto Rico
31 Uruguay
32 Ecuador
33 Venezuela
34 Undefeated Triple Crown winners
35 Individual Triple Crown winners
36 Back to back Triple Crown winners (jockeys)
37 Most Triple Crown winners (jockeys)
38 See also
39 References
United States Triple Crowns[edit]
Main articles: Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) and American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing
In the United States, the three races that make up the Triple Crown are:
Kentucky Derby, run over the 1 1⁄4-mile (2.0 km) dirt track at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky
Preakness Stakes, run over the 1 3⁄16-mile (1.9 km) dirt track at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland
Belmont Stakes, run over the 1 1⁄2-mile (2.4 km) dirt track (the longest in U.S. thoroughbred racing) at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York, just east of New York City
Triple Crown winners[edit]
List of US Triple Crown winners
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
Breeder
1919
Sir Barton Johnny Loftus H. Guy Bedwell J. K. L. Ross John E. Madden
1930
Gallant Fox Earl Sande Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud
1935
Omaha Willie Saunders Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud
1937
War Admiral Charley Kurtsinger George H. Conway Samuel D. Riddle Samuel D. Riddle
1941
Whirlaway Eddie Arcaro Ben A. Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm
1943
Count Fleet Johnny Longden Don Cameron Fannie Hertz Fannie Hertz
1946
Assault Warren Mehrtens Max Hirsch King Ranch King Ranch
1948
Citation Eddie Arcaro Horace A. Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm
1973
Secretariat Ron Turcotte Lucien Laurin Meadow Stable Meadow Stud
1977
Seattle Slew Jean Cruguet William H. Turner, Jr. Mickey and Karen L. Taylor
Tayhill Stable/Jim Hill, et al. Ben S. Castleman
1978
Affirmed Steve Cauthen Laz Barrera Harbor View Farm Harbor View Farm
2015
American Pharoah Victor Espinoza Bob Baffert Ahmed Zayat Zayat Stables
2018
Justify Mike E Smith Bob Baffert China Horse Club International Ltd., WinStar Farm, Starlight Racing, Head of Plains Partners LLC John D. Gunther
Triple Tiara[edit]
There have been several different versions of the Triple Tiara (sometimes known as the Filly Triple Crown) in the United States. One of them was a national version that consisted of undercard events on the same weekends as the associated Triple Crown races:
Kentucky Oaks, run over 1 1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) on a dirt track, at Churchill Downs;
Black-Eyed Susan Stakes, run over 1 1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) (previously 1 1⁄16 mi or 1.7 km) on a dirt track, at Pimlico Race Course;
Acorn Stakes, run over 1 mile (1.6 km) (previously 1 1⁄2 mi or 2.4 km) on a dirt track, at Belmont Park;
Only one filly won this version of the Triple Tiara, Davona Dale in 1979. Few have even tried as the short time between the Kentucky Oaks and Black-Eyed Susan is generally considered too short for fillies.
The most commonly accepted version of the Triple Tiara uses three races from New York. From 1957 to 2002, and 2007 to 2009, these three races were the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes, and the Coaching Club American Oaks. Eight fillies won this version of the New York Triple Tiara:
Dark Mirage (1968)
Shuvee (1969)
Chris Evert (1974)
Ruffian (1975)
Davona Dale (1979)
Mom's Command (1985)
Open Mind (1989)
Sky Beauty (1993)
In 2010, the NYRA changed the configuration of the Triple Tiara to include the Alabama Stakes instead of the Mother Goose. Thus far, no filly has won the reconfigured Triple Tiara.
English Triple Crowns[edit]
In Great Britain, where the term Triple Crown originated with West Australian's three wins in 1853, it is made up of:
the 2,000 Guineas Stakes, run over one mile (1,609 meters) at Newmarket Racecourse in Newmarket, Suffolk
The Derby, run over one mile, four furlongs and ten yards (2,423 metres) at Epsom Downs Racecourse in Epsom, Surrey
the St Leger Stakes, run over one mile, six furlongs and 132 yards (2,937 metres) at Town Moor in Doncaster, Yorkshire
Since the 2,000 Guineas was first run in 1809, fifteen horses (including three winners of substitute races at Newmarket during the First World War) have won the English Triple Crown. The most recent – and only winner since World War II – was Nijinsky, in 1970. For many years, it was considered unlikely that any horse would ever win the English Triple Crown again. In the winter of 2006/2007, however, trainer Jim Bolger was training his unbeaten colt Teofilo for the Triple Crown[1] and bookmaker William Hill plc was offering odds of only 12/1 against Teofilo winning the 2007 Triple Crown. The horse was withdrawn from the 2000 Guineas two days before the race after suffering a setback and never raced again.
Since Nijinsky, only Nashwan (1989), Sea the Stars (2009), and Camelot (2012) have won both the Guineas and the Derby. Between Reference Point in 1987 and Camelot in 2012, no Derby winner (not even the potential Triple Crown winners Nashwan and Sea the Stars) even entered the St. Leger. This reluctance to compete in the St. Leger is said to be because of the impact it would have on a horse's stud value in a market where speed is preferred to stamina.
Triple Crown winners[edit]
For a list of the annual individual race winners, see English Triple Crown race winners.
Bahram, an undefeated Triple Crown winner
Triple Crown winners:
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
1853 West Australian Frank Butler John Scott John Bowes
1865 Gladiateur Harry Grimshaw Tom Jennings, Sr. Frédéric de Lagrange
1866 Lord Lyon Harry Custance James Dover Richard Sutton
1886 Ormonde Fred Archer John Porter Duke of Westminster
1891 Common George Barrett John Porter Sir Frederick Johnstone
1893 Isinglass Tommy Loates James Jewitt Harry McCalmont
1897 Galtee More Charles Wood Sam Darling John Gubbins
1899 Flying Fox Morny Cannon John Porter Duke of Westminster
1900 Diamond Jubilee Herbert Jones Richard Marsh Edward, Prince of Wales
1903 Rock Sand Danny Maher George Blackwell Sir James Miller
1915† Pommern Steve Donoghue Charles Peck Solly Joel
1917† Gay Crusader Steve Donoghue Alec Taylor, Jr. Alfred W. Cox
1918† Gainsborough Joe Childs Alec Taylor, Jr. Lady James Douglas
1935 Bahram Freddie Fox and Charlie Smirke Frank Butters HH Aga Khan III
1970 Nijinsky Lester Piggott Vincent O'Brien Charles W. Engelhard, Jr.
†Wartime winners Pommern, Gay Crusader and Gainsborough are not counted, according to many judges, as the three races were all held at Newmarket and racing itself was too disrupted. By this reckoning, there were only 12 triple crown winners, and only three in the 20th century.
Failed Triple Crown attempts[edit]
The following horses won the 2000 Guineas and Derby but were beaten in the St Leger:
Cotherstone (1843): second to Nutwith
Pretender (1869): fourth to Pero Gomez
Shotover (1882): third to Dutch Oven
Ayrshire (1888): sixth to Seabreeze
Ladas (1894): second to Throstle
St. Amant (1904): seventh and last to Pretty Polly
Minoru (1909): fourth to Bayardo
Manna (1925): tenth to Solario
Cameronian (1931): tenth and last to Sandwich
Camelot (2012): second to Encke
Fillies Triple Crown[edit]
Formosa, Triple Crown Winner of 1868, by Harry Hall
There is also a Fillies Triple Crown for a filly winning the 1,000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Oaks and St. Leger Stakes.[2] In the past, this was not considered a true Triple Crown as the best fillies would often run in the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas. As this is no longer the case, the Fillies' Triple Crown would now be considered as comparable as the original. Winners of the Fillies Triple Crown are:
1868 – Formosa, also dead heated in the Two Thousand Guineas
1871 – Hannah
1874 – Apology, also won the Ascot Gold Cup
1892 – La Fleche, also won the Ascot Gold Cup
1902 – Sceptre, also won the Two Thousand Guineas
1904 – Pretty Polly
1942 – Sun Chariot
1955 – Meld[2]
1985 – Oh So Sharp
Alternative Triple Crowns[edit]
The trio of Ascot Gold Cup, Goodwood Cup and Doncaster Cup is sometimes referred to as the Stayers Triple Crown.[3]
Ireland[edit]
In Ireland, the Triple Crown, modelled on the English equivalent,[4] is made up of
the Irish 2,000 Guineas
the Irish Derby
the Irish St. Leger (open to older horses)
All three races are run at the Curragh.
Triple Crown winners[edit]
For a list of the annual individual race winners, see Irish Triple Crown race winners.
Only two horses have won all three races since the Irish Two Thousand Guineas was first run in 1921:
Museum (1935)
Windsor Slipper (1942)
Canada[edit]
Main article: Canadian Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
In Canada the three races that comprise the Triple Crown are:
Queen's Plate
Prince of Wales Stakes
Breeders' Stakes
Winners of the Canadian Triple Crown[edit]
The Canadian Triple Crown was established in 1959 and since then seven horses have won it. In 2014, the Hall of Fame decided to honor the five horses who had won the three races before 1959, meaning 12 horses are now officially recognized as winning the Canadian Triple Crown.[5][6][7]
Pre-1959 establishment[edit]
1932 Queensway (filly)
1939 Archworth
1945 Uttermost
1955 Ace Marine
1956 Canadian Champ
Since 1959 establishment[edit]
1959 New Providence
1963 Canebora
1989 With Approval
1990 Izvestia
1991 Dance Smartly (filly)
1993 Peteski
2003 Wando
Canadian Triple Tiara[edit]
The Canadian Triple Tiara consists of:
Woodbine Oaks (formerly the Canadian Oaks)
Bison City Stakes
Wonder Where Stakes
To date, only one filly has won it:
2007 Sealy Hill
Australia[edit]
The Australian Triple Crown comprises the following races:[8]
Randwick Guineas (1,600 m)
Rosehill Guineas (2,000 m)
AJC Australian Derby (2,400 m).
The three-year-old Triple Crown initially included the Canterbury Guineas (1,900 m) but nowadays the first leg is the Randwick Guineas.[9]
Australian Triple Crown champions[edit]
A total of five horses have won the Australian Triple Crown:[10]
Year
Winner
1943 Moorland
1959 Martello Towers
1973 Imagele
1996 Octagonal
2013 Dundeel
The Two Year Old Triple Crown (also known as the Two-year-old Grand Slam)[11] consists of:
Golden Slipper Stakes (1,200 m)
AJC Sires Produce Stakes
Champagne Stakes (1,600 m)
Only six horses have won the Australian Two Year Old Triple Crown:
1970 Baguette
1977 Luskin Star
1991 Tierce
1992 Burst (filly)
2004 Dance Hero
2012 Pierro
Germany[edit]
In Germany, the Triple Crown (Dreifache Krone) consists of
Mehl-Mülhens-Rennen, German 2000 Guineas (formerly Henckel-Rennen), Cologne, 1600 m
Deutsches Derby, Hamburg, 2400 m
Deutsches St. Leger, Dortmund, 2800 m
Only one horse has won the German Triple Crown, Königsstuhl in 1979.[12]
In East Germany the Dreifache Krone consisted of
Frühjahrszuchtpreis der Dreijährigen
Derby der DDR (Derby of GDR)
Großer Herbstpreis der Dreijährigen
Three horses have won the East German Triple Crown:
Winner of the East German Dreifache Krone[13]
Year
Name
Pedigree
Breeder
Owner
Trainer
1955 Faktotum Harlekin - Frühlingssonne by Lampos Graditz Stud Graditz Stud R. Kortum
1979 Gidron Santamoss - Geografia by Girst Graditz Stud Graditz Stud F. Borrack
1987 Lomber Trion - Lolita by Zigeunersohn Graditz Stud Graditz Stud H. Schäfke
France[edit]
The French Triple Crown consists of:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2000 Guineas)
Prix du Jockey Club
Grand Prix de Paris
Previously the French Triple Crown consisted of
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2000 Guineas)
Prix du Jockey Club
Prix Royal-Oak
Two horses have swept the French Triple Crown
Zut, in 1879
Perth, in 1899
For fillies:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliche (French 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Diane
Prix Vermeille
Four fillies have won all three races:
Nikellora, in 1945
Corteira, in 1948
Allez France, in 1973
Zarkava, in 2008
Previously the French Triple Crown for fillies consisted of:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliche (French 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Diane
Prix Royal-Oak
No filly has ever won the series.
Belgium[edit]
The Belgian Triple Crown consists of:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (Belgian 2000 Guineas)
Derby Belge
St. Leger Belge
Known Triple Crown winners in Belgium:
Kitty (1926)
Bayeux (1947)
Soudard (1971)
Epsiba (1980)
Camiros (1982)
Abbey's Grey (1989)
Super Native (1990)
The Fillies' Triple Crown in Belgium appears to consist of:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliches (Belgian 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Gustave Roy de Blicquy (Belgian Oaks)
St. Leger Belge
One filly is known to have won all three races:
Domitillia (BEL), 1959
Belgium's Jockey Club does not (or will not) disclose histories of its Triple Crown races. It is not known if the lists above are complete, and it is not known if any of the above races are still being run in Belgium. The last Derby Belge for which there is any known record was in 2011, when the race was won by German-bred Revanta.
Hungary[edit]
The Hungarian Triple consists of:
Nemzeti dij (Hungarian 2000 Guineas)
Magyar Derby (Hungarian Derby)
Magyar St. Leger (Hungarian St. Leger)
Hungarian Triple Crown winners are:
Try Well (HUN), 1936
Bilbao (HUN), 1977
April Sun (HUN), 1999
Saldenzar (GER), 2007
Quelindo (GER), 2015
The Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:
Hazafi dij (Hungarian 1000 Guineas)
Magyar Kancadíj (Hungarian Oaks)
Magyar St. Leger (Hungarian St. Leger)
No filly has swept the Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown.
Switzerland[edit]
In Switzerland, the Triple Crown series consists of:
Swiss Derby
Swiss 2000 Guineas
Swiss St. Leger
Plus the series for fillies
Swiss Oaks
Swiss 1000 Guineas
One horse has won the Swiss Triple Crown.
2006 Majofils (FR)
Majofil's half-sister Singapore Creek (FR) captured the 2007 Swiss Oaks.
Denmark[edit]
In Denmark, the Triple Crown series consists of:
Dansk Derby
Dansk Forarslob (Dansk 2000 Guineas)
Dansk St. Leger
Three horses have won the Danish Triple Crown:
Sunbeam, in 1939
Asa Thor, in 1945
Hallo, in 1946
The Danish Filly Triple Crown consists of:
Dansk Oaks
Marowinalob (Dansk 1000 Guineas)
Dansk St. Leger
One filly has swept all three races:
Rossard, in 1983
Sweden[edit]
The Swedish Triple Crown consists of:
Svenskt Derby
Jockeyklubbens Jubileumslöpning (Svenskt Thousand Guineas)
Svenskt St. Leger
Three horses have swept the Swedish Triple Crown:
Birgit, in 1940
Coast Guard, in 1952
Homosassa, in 1985
The Swedish Filly Triple Crown consists of:
Dianalöpning (Svenskt One Thousand Guineas)
Svensk Oaks
Svenskt St. Leger
One filly has swept all three races:
Wonderbird, in 1953
Norway[edit]
The Norsk Triple Crown series consists of:
Norsk 2000 Guineas
Norsk Derby
Norsk St. Leger
Eight horses have swept the Norwegian Triple Crown:
Cato, in 1943
Sally, in 1944
Primadonna, in 1945
Askepot, in 1948
Trainer's Seat, in 1976
Dalby Jaguar, in 1981
Sunorius, in 1987
Without Fear, in 2011
The Norwegian Filly Triple Crown consists of:
Norsk 1000 Guineas
Norsk Oaks
Norsk St. Leger
No filly has swept all three races.
The Netherlands[edit]
The Dutch Triple Crown consists of:
Hengsten Productenren (Dutch 2000 Guineas)
Dutch Derby
Dutch St. Leger
The following horses have swept the Dutch Triple Crown:
Tosto (HOL), in 1951
Sans Valeur (HOL), in 1954
Jolly Peter (HOL), in 1959
Jolly Jinks (HOL), in 1966
Frances Hope (HOL), in 1976
Ishamo (GB), in 1981
Boxberger Speed (GB), in 1982
Boxberger Civano (GB), in 1984
Sydney Raaphorst (GB), in 1985
Double Fun (HOL), in 2002
The Dutch Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:
Merries Productenren (Dutch 1000 Guineas)
Diana-prijs (Dutch Oaks)
Dutch St. Leger
The following horses have swept the series:
Ramana, in 1947
Qualissa (HOL), in 1949 (also won the 1949 Dutch Derby)
Que Sara (HOL), in 1967
Queen of Roses S (HOL), in 1973 (also won 1973 Dutch Derby)
Libelle (HOL), in 1980
Carmona (HOL), in 1983
The Dutch Triple Crown races, except the Dutch Derby and possibly the Dutch Oaks, have not been run since around 2008.
India[edit]
The three races that comprise the Indian Triple Crown are the Indian 2000 Guineas, the Indian Derby and the Indian St Leger, all run at Mahalaxmi Race Course in Mumbai. The 2000 Guineas is run in December, and the Derby on the first Sunday of the following February. The St Leger is usually run in April; between 1970 and 1990 it was run at Pune, before being shifted to Mumbai. It is now again being run in Pune.
Ten horses have won the Indian Triple Crown:
Commoner 1953/54
Loyal Manzar 1961/62
Prince Pradeep 1963/64
Red Rufus 1966/67
Our Select 1967/68
Squanderer 1976/77
Almanac 1981/82
Astonish 1991/92
Indictment 1997/98
Smart Chieftain 1999/00
One filly has swept the series for fillies (Indian 1000 Guineas, Indian Oaks, Indian St. Leger):
Her Majesty 1947/48
Kenya[edit]
The Kenya Triple Crown series is run at Ngong Racecourse, in Nairobi, and consists of:
Kenya Derby (1 1/2 miles)
Kenya Guineas (1 mile)
Kenya St. Leger (1 3/4 miles)
The three races have been won by:
Heron, in 1972
Manuscript, in 1978
Pretty Witch (filly) in 1981
Morningstar, in 1990
Kings Pattern, in 1994
The Kenya Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:
Kenya Fillies Guineas (1 mile)
Kenya Oaks (1 1/2 miles)
Kenya St. Leger (1 3/4 miles)
The three races have been won by:
Windsong, in 1999
Happy Times, in 2015
Western Ballad, in 2016
Turkey[edit]
In Turkey, the three races that compose the Triple Crown are:[14]
Erkek Tay Deneme (Turkish 2000 Guineas – 1,600 m) or Dişi Tay Deneme (Turkish 1000 Guineas – 1,600 m)
Gazi Derby (Turkish Derby Stakes – 2,400 m)
Ankara Stakes (Turkish St. Leger – 2,800 m)
Three-year-old horses are eligible for the Turkish Triple Crown.
Champions of the Turkish Triple Crown are:
1970 Sadettin (Caerlaverock – Zeynep, by Ugur)
1971 Minimo (Cihangir – Mighty Mo, by Big Game(GB)) ***Minimo did not win the Turkish 2000 Guineas, but she did win the Derby, Oaks, St. Leger & 1000 Guineas***
1973 Karayel (Prince Tudor – Linda, by Cihangir)
1983 Seren.1 (Karayel – Karanara, by Allenheads)
1985 Ugurtay (Tunkut – Nosana, by Kythnos)
1986 Hafız (Royal Shiraz – Linda, by Cihangir)
1996 Bold Pilot (Persian Bold – Rosa Palumba, by Imperial Fling)
2001 Grand Ekinoks (Barnato – Violent Girl, by Aristocrat)
The Turkish Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:
Disi Tay Deneme (Turkish 1000 Guineas)
Kisrak (Turkish Oaks)
Ankara Stakes (Turkish St. Leger)
Fillies that have swept this series are:
Suphan, in 1965
Minimo, in 1971
Japan[edit]
Japan has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns.
Japanese Triple Crown[15]
the Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas - 2000m), at Nakayama Racecourse in Funabashi, Chiba
the Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby - 2400m), at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchu, Tokyo
the Kikuka Sho (Japanese St.Leger - 3000m), at Kyoto Racecourse in Kyoto, Kyoto
Only seven horses have received the Japanese Triple Crown:
1941 St Lite (Diolite – Flippancy, by Flamboyant)
1964 Shinzan (Hindostan – Hayanobori, by Hayatake)
1983 Mr. C.B. (Tosho Boy – C.B. Queen, by Topyo)
1984 Symboli Rudolf (Partholon – Sweet Luna, by Speed Symboli)
1994 Narita Brian (Brian's Time – Pacificus, by Northern Dancer)
2005 Deep Impact (Sunday Silence – Wind in Her Hair, by Alzao)
2011 Orfevre (Stay Gold - Oriental Art, by Mejiro McQueen)
Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown[16]
the Oka Sho (Japanese 1000 Guineas), at Hanshin Racecourse in Takarazuka, Hyogo
the Yushun Himba (Japanese Oaks), at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchu, Tokyo
the Shuka Sho (since 1996), at Kyoto Racecourse in Kyoto, Kyoto / the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup (1976–1995)
Only four horses have received the Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown:
1986 Mejiro l' Amone (Mogami – Mejiro Hiryu, by Never Beat)
2003 Still in Love (Sunday Silence – Bradamante, by Roberto)
2010 Apapane (King Kamehameha – Salty Bid, by Salt Lake)
2012 Gentildonna (Deep Impact – Donna Blini, by Bertolini)
Hong Kong[edit]
The Triple Crown series at Hong Kong's Sha Tin Racecourse consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. Unlike most other Triple Crown events, these races are not confined to three-year-olds.[17] They are:
Hong Kong Stewards' Cup at 1,600 metres (0.99 mi) held in January
Hong Kong Gold Cup at 2,000 metres (1.2 mi) held in February
Hong Kong Champions & Chater Cup at 2,400 metres (1.5 mi) held in May
In 1994, River Verdon became the first, and to date, only horse to win the Hong Kong Triple Crown.
In Hong Kong, there are two other Triple Crown series, the Hong Kong Speed Series and the Four-year-old Series.
Italy[edit]
The Triple Crown series consists in three races at increasingly longer distances.
Premio Parioli at Capannelle Racecourse in Rome, 1600 m, Group 3
Derby Italiano at Capenelle Racecourse in Rome, 2200 m, Group 2
St. Leger Italiano, at San Siro Racecourse in Milano, 1 mile, 6 furlongs
Three horses have swept the Italian Triple Crown:
Niccolo dell'Arca(ITY), in 1941
Gladiolo(FR), in 1946
Botticelli(ITY), in 1954
The Italian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:
Premio Regina Elena (1000 Guineas)
Oaks d'Italiano (Italian Oaks)
St. Leger Italiano
No filly has swept all three races, but Jacopa de Sellaio (ITY) won the Premio Parioli, Derby Italiano, Premio Regina Elena, and Oaks d'Italia in 1932.
Spain[edit]
The Triple Crown series consists of:
Premio Cimera (Spanish 2000 Guineas)
Premio Villapadierna (Spanish Derby)
Premio Villamejor (Spanish St. Leger)
Two horses have swept the Spanish Triple Crown:
Dual Sea (GB), in 1975
Arkaitz (SPA), in 2014
The Triple Crown for fillies consists of:
Premio Valderas (Spanish 1000 Guineas)
Premio Beamonte (Spanish Oaks)
Premio Villamejor (Spanish St. Leger)
One filly has swept all three races:
Tokara (SPA), in 1962
Macau[edit]
In Macau, the Macau Jockey Club introduced the Triple Crown Series in 2008, with three races all held in Taipa Racecourse, Macau:
Director's Cup, Macau Group 2 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi)
Macau Cup, Macau Group 2 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi)
Macau Gold Cup, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi)
In 2009 Macau Jockey Club changed the series for 4-year old horses:
Macau Guineas, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi), only for 4-year old horses
Macau Derby, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi), only for 4-year old horses
Macau Gold Cup, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi)
In 2010, Luen Yat Forever become the first and, to date, only horse to win the Macau Triple Crown.[18]
Argentina[edit]
The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Argentina are:
Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos and Gran Premio Polla de Potrancas, Hipodromo Argentino de Palermo (1 mile on dirt)
Gran Premio Jockey Club, Hipodromo de San Isidro (1 1/4 m mile on turf)
Gran Premio Nacional (Argentine Derby), Hipodromo Argentino de Palermo (1 9/16 m on dirt)
Winners of the Argentinian Triple Crown are:
1902 Pippermint
1904 Old Man
1906 Malgrejo
1908 Chopp
1917 Botafogo
1930 Sierra Balcarce (filly)
1931 Mineral
1934 Silfo
1938 Sorteado
1939 Embrujo
1940 La Mission (filly)
1951 Yatasto
1954 Tatán
1958 Manantial
1964 Gobernado
1966 Forli
1978 Telescopico
1986 El Serrano
1996 Refinado Tom[19]
Mexico[edit]
The Mexican Triple Crown series consists of:
Derby Mexicano (8 1/2 furlongs)
Stakes Jockey Club Mexicano (8 furlongs)
Gran Premio Nacional (8 1/2 furlongs).
All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City.
Mexican Triple Crown winners:
1946 Plucky Flag (filly)
1949 Re-Torta (filly)
1966 Cachava (MEX) (filly)
1979 Gran Zar (MEX)
1980 Pikotazo (MEX)
2002 Dominciano (MEX)
2015 Huitlacoche (MEX)
2018 Kukulkan (MEX)
The Mexican Fillies' Triple Crown series consists of :
Clasico Rubi (7 furlongs)
Clasico Esmeralda (8 furlongs)
Clasico Diamante (8 1/2 furlongs).
All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City.
Mexican Filly Triple Crown winners:
2005 She's a Lady Race (MEX)
2007 That's Life (MEX)
2009 Vivian Record (MEX)
2018 Kutzamala (MEX)
Chile[edit]
The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Chile are:
Clásico El Ensayo, Club Hipico de Santiago
Clásico St. Leger, Hipodromo Chile
El Derby, Valparaiso Sporting Club.
Winners of the Chilean Triple Crown are:
1885 Cachaporal
1928 Tutti Frutti
1939 Grimsby
1946 Tabano
1951 Empire
1956 Eugenia
1966 Prologo
1991 Wolf[20]
Dominican Republic[edit]
The winners of the Dominican Republic Triple Crown have been:
1979 Cibao
1980 Amor Mio
1982 Senorita Cuquina
1985 Dr. Calderon
1990 Candice Akemi
1991 J. Robert
1997 Sweet Honey
2005 Excelencia
2007 Matty Alou
2008 Sicótico[21]
2015 Fratello Martino
2016 Tango Dancer
2017 Inmenso
Jamaica[edit]
The Jamaican Triple Crown series consists of:
Jamaican 2000 Guineas
Jamaican Derby
Jamaican St. Leger
The winners of the Jamaican Triple Crown are:
1981 Royal Dad
1987 Monday Morning
1988 Lui Chie Pooh
1992 Milligram
1996 War Zone
2000 I'm Satisfied
2010 Mark My Words
The Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:
Jamaican 1000 Guineas
Jamaican Oaks
Jamaican St. Leger
The winners of the Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown are:
1993 Vestia
2000 Simply Magic
2008 Alsafra
Panama[edit]
The winners of the Panamanian Triple Crown have been:
1964 Pindín
1966 Tojo
1969 Iván
1972 Eugenio
1973 Montecarlo[22]
1976 El Manut
1978 El Gran Capo
1992 Leonardo[22]
1994 El Chacal
1995 Rey Arturo
1998 Evaristo[22]
2004 Spago[22]
2008 Oxsai[22]
2010 Voy porque Voy
Poland[edit]
In Poland, the Triple Crown (Potrójna korona) consists of
Rulera, Polish 2000 Guineas, Warsaw, 1600 m
Służewiec Derby, Warsaw, 2400 m
St. Leger, Warsaw, 2800 m
Known Polish Triple Crown winners are:
Liège (POL), in 1917
Mat (POL), in 1934
Jeremi (POL), in 1938
Ruch (POL), in 1948
Solali (POL), in 1961
Dipol (POL), in 1972
Czerkies (POL), in 1974
Krezus (POL), in 1989
Mokosz (POL), in 1992
Dżamajka (POL), in 2000 (a filly)
Dancer Life (POL), in 2002
Dżesmin (POL), in 2005
San Moritz (POL), in 2007
Intens (POL), in 2011
Va Bank (IRE), in 2015
The classic races for fillies are:
Nagroda Wiosennej (1000 Guineas)
Nagroda Liry (Oaks)
No filly is known to have won the Polish Fillies' Triple Crown, which would conclude with the St. Leger. The Polish St. Leger is now open to 3-year-olds and up.
Puerto Rico[edit]
Camarero, winner of 56 consecutive races and the Triple Crown
The Triple Crown series at Puerto Rico's Camarero Racetrack consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. They are:
Derby Puertorriqueño at 1,700 meters (8½ furlongs) held in the first Sunday of May
Copa Gobernador at 1,800 meters (9 furlongs) held in the end of May
Copa San Juan at 1,900 meters (9½ furlongs) held in the last Sunday of June
The Puerto Rico Triple Crown winners are:
1954 Camarero[23]
1961 Cardiologo, also won 23 consecutive races[24]
1966 El Rebelde
1981 Hurly Road
1991 Vuelve Candy B
1999 Cherokee Pepper
2001 Estrellero, also won 19 consecutive races
2002 Mediavilla R
2011 Don Paco
2012 Arquitecto
2014 Lluvia de Nieve
Uruguay[edit]
The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Uruguay are:
Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos
Gran Premio Jockey Club
Gran Premio Nacional
This combination of races received some publicity outside of Uruguay in 2006. The 2005 Triple Crown winner Invasor, after being sold to Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum's Shadwell Racing and sent to be raced in the United States, went on to win three Grade I races in 2006 before winning that year's Breeders' Cup Classic. He finished the year as the top-ranked horse in the 2006 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings, and won the 2007 Dubai World Cup before being retired to stud following a training injury.
Uruguayan Triple Crown winners are:
1988 Amodeo
1994 Parsiphal
2005 Invasor[25]
2014 Sir Fever[26]
Ecuador[edit]
1980 – present
Ecuador has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns:
Ecuador Triple Crown[27]
Clásico Estreno Dr. Raúl Lebed Sigall, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Clásico Polla Nacional Sr. Agustin Febres Cordero, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Clásico Derby Nacional Sr.Benjamin Rosales A., at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Ecuador Fillies' Triple Crown
Clásico Ing. Carlos San Andres, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondo
Clásico Sr. Eduardo Jairala F, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondó
Clásico Abogado Carlos Julio Arosemena Peet, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Pre-1980
In Ecuador, the Triple Crown consists of:
Clásico Nelson Uraga Suarez, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Clásico Enrique Guzman Aspiazu, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Clásico Inginiero Ignacio De Icaza Aspiazu, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Triple Crown Champions:
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
Miss Florida
Bananita
Capo Di Monte II
1967 Alcatraz Estuardo Torero Alcides Guerrero Inginiero Miguel Salem Dibo
Pechiche
1971 Farsante Estuardo Torero Alcides Guerrero Inginiero Miguel Salem Dibo
Venezuela[edit]
Venezuela has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns:
Venezuelan Official Triple Crown
Clásico José Antonio Páez, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico Cría Nacional (former Clásico Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría), at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico República de Venezuela (Venezuelan Derby), at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Venezuelan Fillies' Triple Crown
Clásico Hipódromo La Rinconada, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico Prensa Hípica Nacional, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico General Joaquín Crespo, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Venezuelan Official Triple Crown Champions (from 1956):
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
1960 Gradisco Manuel Camacaro Leopoldo Márquez Stud Rey-Gan
1972 El Corsario José Luís Vargas Eduardo Azpúrua Stud El Corsario
1985 Iraquí Juan Vicente Tovar (+) Daniel Pérez Stud Chivacoa
1992 Catire Bello Douglas Valiente(+) Iván Calixto Stud Ilusión
2005 Polo Grounds Emisael Jaramillo Carlos Regalado Stud Black Label
2007 Taconeo[28] Emisael Jaramillo Gustavo Delgado Stud Paula C
2008 El Gran Cesar Santiago González Antonio Machado Stud Agrop. Los Alelíes
2010 Water Jet Emisael Jaramillo Gustavo Delgado Stud El Fantasma
Filly Triple Crown winners are:
Lavandera, in 1971
Segula C., in 1974
Blondy, in 1978
Gelinotte, in 1980
Lady and Me, in 1991
Cantaura, in 1992
Miss Marena, in 1994
Starship Miss, in 1999
Front Stage, in 2000
Bambera, in 2009
Ninfa del Cielo, in 2014
Undefeated Triple Crown winners[edit]
The following horses won their Triple Crown when still undefeated. Those marked with an asterisk retired undefeated.
Ormonde* (1886), United Kingdom
Bahram* (1935), United Kingdom
Windsor Slipper (1942), Ireland
Camarero (1954), Puerto Rico
Gradisco (1960), Venezuela
Seattle Slew (1977), United States
El Gran Capo (1978), Panama
Pikotazo (1980), Mexico
Royal Dad (1981), Jamaica
Symboli Rudolf (1984), Japan
Excelencia (2005), Dominican Republic
Deep Impact (2005), Japan
Invasor (2005), Uruguay
Water Jet (2010), Venezuela
Va Bank (2015), Poland
Justify* (2018), United States
Kukulkan (2018), Mexico
Individual Triple Crown winners[edit]
Only two jockeys have won the Triple Crown with different horses (i.e., rode horses to Triple Crowns in different years):
Eddie Arcaro (United States: 1941, Whirlaway; 1948, Citation)
Emisael Jaramillo (Venezuela: 2005, Polo Grounds; 2007, Taconeo; 2010, Water Jet)
At least one other jockey is known to have won all three of a country's Triple Crown races in the same year on different horses:
Luis Contreras (Canada, 2011: Queen's Plate, Inglorious; Prince of Wales Stakes and Breeders' Stakes, Pender Harbour)
One trainer is known to have accomplished the same feat as Contreras:
D. Wayne Lukas (USA, 1995: Kentucky Derby, Thunder Gulch; Preakness Stakes, Timber Country; Belmont Stakes, Thunder Gulch)
Back to back Triple Crown winners (jockeys)[edit]
Don Seymour (Canada)
1989 With Approval
1990 Izvestia
Javier Santiago (Puerto Rico)
2001 Estrellero
2002 Mediavilla R
Most Triple Crown winners (jockeys)[edit]
Winston Grifiths - Jamaica (5)
1981 Royal Dad
1988 Liu Chie Poo
1992 Milligram
2001 I'msatisfied
2002 Simply Magic (filly)
Alexis Feliciano - Puerto Rico (3)
1991 Vuelve Candy B
1999 Cherokee Pepper
2011 Don Paco
Emisael Jaramillo - Venezuela (3)
2005 Polo Grounds
2007 Taconeo
2010 Water Jet
See also[edit]
List of leading Thoroughbred racehorses
United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-21. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Craig, Dennis, Breeding Racehorses from Cluster Mares, J A Allen, London, 1964
Jump up ^ Waterman, Jack (1999). The Punter's Friend. Harpenden, Herts, UK: Queen Anne Press. ISBN 1852916001.
Jump up ^ "Irish Triple Crown of Horse Racing | International Triple Crown Races | UK Horse Racing". HorseRacing.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ "WEG, Hall of Fame announces grandfathering of Canadian Triple Crown winners". Woodbine Entertainment Group. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "WEG, Hall of Fame Announces Grandfathering of Canadian Triple Crown Winners". Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hall of Fame Honors Early Triple Crown Winners". Blood-Horse. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian Triple Crown". Races.com.au. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Australian Triple Crown Retrieved 2010-11-2
Jump up ^ "SMH Sport". The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 April 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Huxley, Dennis, Miller's Guide, Sporting records, 2009/2010, Miller's Guide P/L, Moonee Ponds
Jump up ^ Ken McLean (2005). Designing Speed in the Racehorse. Russell Meerdink. p. 246. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Triple Crown Archived 2014-08-20 at the Wayback Machine. Statistics on kinscem.de
Jump up ^ "2013 Yılı At Yarışları Genel Hülümleri" (PDF) (in Turkish). Jockey Club of Turkey. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Kyoto: Orfevre going for Japanese Triple Crown | Daily Racing Form". Drf.com. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ By Nicholas Godfrey 11:33AM 17 OCT 2010 (2010-10-17). "JAPAN Apapane completes fillies' Triple Crown at Kyoto". Racing Post. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 2012-06-20. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Terrific line-up for Stewards' Cup : International Horse Breeding and Racing news updated daily, www.thoroughbrednews.com.au". Thoroughbrednews.com.au. 2006-01-20. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Luen Yat Forever Wins Triple Crown". Racingandsports.com.au. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Triple Crown familiar term around the world". Drf.com. 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Chilean star Matto Mondo joins Mandella stable". Thoroughbred Times. 2008-01-19. Retrieved 2012-06-21.
Jump up ^ "Stallions :: Sicotico". Rancho San Antonio. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Caribbean stakes series begins Saturday in Puerto Rico - Horse Racing - ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. 2008-12-06. Retrieved 2012-06-21.
Jump up ^ Thoroughbred Times Retrieved 2010-5-1
Jump up ^ Win Streaks Retrieved 2010-11-9
Jump up ^ "CONNECTIONS SALUTE INVINCIBLE INVASOR". Sporting Life. Retrieved 2012-06-20. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Godfrey, Nicholas (20 November 2014). "Triple Crown winner Sir Fever reportedly sold". RacingPost.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "La Triple Corona se inicia hoy". 29 August 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sid Fernando commentary: Revenge of Bambera". Thoroughbred Times. 2011-04-19. Retrieved 2012-06-21.
Williams, Guy St. John; Francis P. M. Hyland (1980). The Irish Derby 1866–1979. London and New York: J. A. Allen & Co Ltd. ISBN 0-85131-358-2.
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Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856
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This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. Please help improve the article with a good introductory style. (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856
A Hindu widow in India (seen in this engraving from 1774–1781) was not allowed to wear a blouse or choli under her sari. The sari was required to be of coarse cloth, preferably white.
Status: Repealed
The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 26 July 1856, legalised the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule.[1]
To protect what it considered family honour and family property, upper-caste Hindu society had long disallowed the remarriage of widows, even child and adolescent ones, all of whom were expected to live a life of austerity and abnegation.[2] The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856, enacted in response to the campaign of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar,[3] provided legal safeguards against loss of certain forms of inheritance for remarrying a Hindu widow,[2] though, under the Act, the widow forsook any inheritance due her from her deceased husband.[4] Especially targeted in the act were Hindu child widows whose husbands had died before consummation of marriage.[5]
"Second marriages, after the death of the husband first espoused, are wholly unknown to the Hindu Law; though in practice, among the inferior castes, nothing is so common."[1]
— William Hay Macnaghten (1862)
"The problem of widows—and especially of child widows—was largely a prerogative of the higher Hindu castes among whom child marriage was practised and remarriage prohibited. Irrevocably, eternally married as a mere child, the death of the husband she had perhaps never known left the wife a widow, an inauspicious being whose sins in a previous life had deprived her of her husband, and her parents-in-law of their son, in this one. Doomed to a life of prayer, fasting, and drudgery, unwelcome at the celebrations and auspicious occasions that are so much a part of Hindu family and community life, her lot was scarcely to be envied. On the other hand, the lower, particularly Sudra, castes and the (so-called) 'Un-touchables'—who represented approximately 80 per cent of the Hindu population—neither practised child marriage nor prohibited the remarriage of widows."[6]
— Lucy Carroll (1983)
The Law[edit]
The preamble and sections 1, 2, and 5:[4]
Whereas it is known that, by the law as administered in the Civil Courts established in the territories in the possession and under the Government of the East India Company, Hindu widows with certain exceptions are held to be, by reason of their having been once married, incapable of contracting a second valid marriage, and the offsprings of such widows by any second marriage are held to be illegitimate and incapable of inheriting property; and
Whereas many Hindus believe that this imputed legal incapacity, although it is in accordance with established custom, is not in accordance with a true interpretation of the precepts of their religion, and desire that the civil law administered by the Courts of Justice shall no longer prevent those Hindus who may he so minded from adopting a different custom, in accordance with the dictates of their own conscience, and
Where it is just to relieve all such Hindus from this legal incapacity of which they complain, and the removal of all legal obstacles to the marriage of Hindu widows will tend to the promotion of good morals and to the public welfare;
It is enacted as follows:
I. No marriage contracted between Hindus shall be invalid, and the issue of no such marriage shall be illegitimate, by reason of the woman having been previously married or betrothed to another person who was dead at the time of such marriage, any custom and any interpretation of Hindu Law to the contrary notwithstanding.
2. All rights and interests which any widow may have in her deceased husband's property by way of maintenance, or by inheritance to her husband or to his lineal successors, or by virtue of any will or testamentary disposition conferring upon her, without express permission to remarry, only a limited interest in such property, with no power of alienating the same, shall upon her re-marriage cease and determine as if she had then died; and the next heirs of her deceased husband or other persons entitled to the property on her death, shall thereupon succeed to the same ....
3. Except as in the three preceding sections is provided, a widow shall not by reason of her re-marriage forfeit any property or any right to which she would otherwise be entitled, and every widow who has re-married shall have the same rights of inheritance as she would have had, had such marriage been her first marriage.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Carroll 2008, p. 78
^ Jump up to: a b Peers 2006, pp. 52–53
Jump up ^ Forbes 1999, p. 23
^ Jump up to: a b Carroll 2008, p. 80
Jump up ^ Chakraborty 2003, p. 125
Jump up ^ Carroll 2008, p. 79
References[edit]
Carroll, Lucy (2008). "Law, Custom, and Statutory Social Reform: The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856". In Sumit Sarkar, Tanika Sarkar (editors). Women and social reform in modern India: a reader. Indiana University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-253-22049-3. Retrieved 31 August 2011. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link)
Chakraborty, Uma (2003). Gendering caste through a feminist lens. Popular Prakashan. p. 125. ISBN 978-81-85604-54-1. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
Forbes, Geraldine (1999). Women in modern India. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-521-65377-0. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
Peers, Douglas M. (2006). India under colonial rule: 1700-1885. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-582-31738-3. Retrieved 31 August 2011.

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values: இந்து விதவைகள் மறுமணச் சட்டம், 1856 – Tamil

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