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Main Tera Hero
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Main Tera Hero
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
David Dhawan
Produced by
Shobha Kapoor
Ekta Kapoor
Written by
Milap Zaveri
(Dialogue)
Santosh Srinivas
Screenplay by
Tushar Hiranandani
Starring
Nargis Fakhri
Varun Dhawan
Ileana D'Cruz
Narrated by
Salman Khan
Music by
Songs:
Sajid-Wajid
Background Score:
Sandeep Shirodkar
Cinematography
Sanjay F. Gupta
Edited by
Nitin Madhukar Rokade
Production
company
Balaji Motion Pictures
Distributed by
T-Series
ALT Entertainment
Release date
4 April 2014 (2014-04-04)
Running time
128 mins[1]
Country
India
Language
Hindi
Budget
₹41 crore[2]
Box office
₹78.4 crore[2]
Main Tera Hero (translation: I'm Your Hero) is a 2014 Indian romantic action comedy film, directed by David Dhawan and produced by Shobha Kapoor and Ekta Kapoor for Balaji Motion Pictures.This film was tribute to Govinda. The film stars Nargis Fakhri, Varun Dhawan and Ileana D'Cruz in the lead roles.[3][4] Principal photography for the movie began on 30 May 2013, filming started on 5 July 2013 and was completed by 15 October. The film released on 4 April 2014 to mixed reviews from critics, though managed to earn the verdict of semi-hit at the box office.[5][6] It is a remake of the 2011 Telugu film Kandireega starring Ram Pothineni and Hansika Motwani.[7][8]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Reception of soundtrack
5 Promotion
6 Reception
7 Box office
8 Awards
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Across a college in Ooty, Sreenath Prasad aka 'Seenu' (Varun Dhawan) fails his final exam by two marks. Eager to get a degree, he kidnaps the professor's daughter during her wedding and demands his professor(Raju Kher) to give him two more marks in exchange for his daughter. Seenu accidentally lets go of her however while letting his parents in to his house, and his plan fails.
Although Seenu's father offers him a job at his auto stand, Seenu plans to get a degree at Tift College in Bengaluru. He leaves Ooty on a train headed for Bengaluru. On the train, he beats up a gang harming a group of teenage girls. When Seenu arrives in Bengaluru, a friend of his who lives there reluctantly allows him to stay in his house.
Once Seenu arrives in Tift College, he prays to Krishna (Salman Khan's voice) to concentrate on nothing but studies. However once he finishes, he sees a girl named Sunaina (Ileana D'Cruz) and gets attracted to her. He tries to get her attention, but she ignores him constantly. She tells him that she has been forced into marrying a corrupt policeman named Angad Negi (Arunoday Singh) since he tricked her father into shooting Angad's sidekick and friend Peter's (Rajpal Yadav)arm. Angad's men chase Seenu until he beats up two of them and scares away the rest. Seenu goes to Angad to make a truce with him and leave Sunaina, but Angad (believing he cannot do it) gives Seenu a chance to try to woo Sunaina for up to three days. Seenu publicly tells Sunaina he loves her and tells her not to be afraid of Angad and his goons. She gains courage, scares off Angad's men, and falls in love with Seenu. Angad finds Seenu, finds out what happened, and attempts to shoot Seenu, but instead accidentally shoots Peter. The media quickly finds out and Angad gets suspended as a police officer.
All seems well until Sunaina is kidnapped and taken away in a helicopter. Seenu learns from Angad that Sunaina will be taken to the mansion of Vikrant Singhal (Anupam Kher), one of Asia's most notorious gangsters. Vikrant's daughter, Ayesha (Nargis Fakhri), was on the Ooty to Bangalore train Seenu was in and was attracted by his impressive fighting skills. She told her father about the experience as well as her interest in marrying him. Angad and Peter told Vikrant's men that in order to get Seenu, they would have to take Sunaina to lure him to their place, forcing Seenu to marry Ayesha.
In the second half of the film, Seenu goes to Vikrant's residence in Bangkok, Thailand. He tricks Vikrant and his friend and associate Balli (Saurabh Shukla) into thinking that he wants to marry Ayesha. However, he requests that he is given ten days to get to know Ayesha before the wedding day, which Vikrant initially refuses until Ayesha tells her father to "do as Seenu says". Ayesha lets Sunaina wear any of her clothes because she has an "extra piece" for all of her clothing. Ayesha and Seenu spend the day together; later, Seenu tells Ayesha that she does not love him. When Angad and Peter come later, she then falls in love with Angad through a sheer coincidence.
Seenu and Sunaina use Ayesha's love for Angad as a way of solving their problem. Sunaina wears identical clothes to Ayesha; in result, Angad confuses Sunaina for Ayesha, making Ayesha believe that Angad loves her. The plan later fails, though, when Angad realizes this and tricks Ayesha once again into marrying Seenu. Angad is tricked by Seenu and Sunaina into kissing Ayesha, but Vikrant sees this and points his gun at Angad to shoot him, but Ayesha steps in between and stops him saying that she loves Angad. Seeing this, Angad realizes that Ayesha’s love for him is true and that Ayesha is the right girl for him, not Sunaina and decides to marry Ayesha. Vikrant realizes his daughter loves Angad and reluctantly tells Seenu that Ayesha will marry Angad. Seenu pretends to be agonized but celebrates later. Ayesha marries Angad, and Vikrant convinces Sunaina (who is also pretending to hate Seenu) to marry Seenu, by saying that he took 10 days to hatch a plan to bring Ayesha and Angad together, not to get to know Ayesha (not realizing that this is true!) Seenu and Sunaina are back together again.
Cast[edit]
Lead actor of Movie:Varun Dhawan
Varun Dhawan as Sreenath Prasad aka 'Seenu'
Nargis Fakhri as Ayesha Singhal
Ileana D'Cruz as Sunaina
Arunoday Singh as Angad Negi
Anupam Kher as Vikrant Singhal
Rajpal Yadav as Peter
Saurabh Shukla as Balli (Johnny) aka Karan
Manoj Pahwa as father of Seenu
Supriya Shukla as mother of Seenu
Evelyn Sharma as Veronica
Raju Kher as Professor Tripathi
Aaron Brumfield as Burly Bodyguard
Neel Motwani as Goon
Shakti Kapoor as Johny
Ashwin Mushran as Anger Management Therapist
Shireesh Sharma as Father of Sunaina
Manann Dania as Hari
Saahibjeet Singh as Vicky
Latesh Sharma as Shankar
Salman Khan as Various Gods (voice role)
Girdhar swami casting director
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Ekta Kapoor producer confirmed her big budget movie in January 2013 as she bought the rights for her next venture from Telugu movie Kandireega for ₹20 million (US$290,000). Production team wants the movie to capture it as a modern-day Himmatwala with a treatment like The Wedding Crashers.[9] Nargis Fakhri dubbed in her own voice over for the first time in a Hindi language movie which was stopping her due to language barriers.[10]
Casting[edit]
Balaji Motion Pictures approached Varun Dhawan, Ileana D'Cruz and Nargis Fakhri as the main leads for the movie and it was confirmed.[11]
Filming[edit]
Initial filming began on 5 July 2013, the filming locations include Bangalore, Bangkok and London.[12][13] Next schedule commenced in Bangkok October 2013 with the main cast.[14] Number of songs for the movie has been choreographed by Bosco-Caesar in Bangkok.[15] Veteran actor Anupam Kher will be seen alongside main cast in a supporting role.[16][17]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main Tera Hero
Soundtrack album by Sajid-Wajid
Released
3 March 2014[18]
Genre
Film soundtrack
Length
25:53
Label
T-Series
Producer
Ekta Kapoor
Sajid-Wajid chronology
Jai Ho
(2014)Jai Ho2014 Main Tera Hero
(2014) Heropanti
(2014)Heropanti2014
External audio
Audio Jukebox on YouTube
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Filmfare
Bollywood Hungama
Rediff.com
The soundtrack is composed by Sajid-Wajid, while the lyrics are penned by Kumaar, except where noted.[19] The first song, Besharmi Ki Height, sung by Benny Dayal and Shalmali Kholgade, released on 20 February 2014.[20] The soundtrack of the film, consisting of 6 songs, released on 3 March 2014.[21] The producers of the film capitulating on the popularity of the song "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai" from the soundtrack attached a remix version of it along with the theatrical prints of Ragini MMS 2 which released on 21 March 2014—instead of the theatrical trailer—marking the first such instance.[22][23][24] Some critics compared the track, Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai to the 1981 song, Jahan Teri Yeh Nazar Hai from the soundtrack of the film Kaalia.[25][26]
Track listing
Main Tera Hero
No.
Title
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Besharmi Ki Height" Benny Dayal, Shalmali Kholgade 4:49
2. "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai" (Lyrics By: Kausar Munir and Danish Sabri) Arijit Singh 4:31
3. "Shanivaar Raati" Arijit Singh, Shalmali Kholgade 4:21
4. "Galat Baat Hai" (Lyrics By: Kausar Munir and Danish Sabri) Neeti Mohan, Javed Ali 4:20
5. "Besharmi Ki Height (Remix By DJ Notorious)" Benny Dayal Shalmali Kholgade 4:11
6. "Shanivaar Raati (Remix By DJ Maza)" Arijit Singh, Shalmali Kholgade 3:41
Total length: 25:53
Reception of soundtrack[edit]
Filmfare music review given by Devesh Sharma gave 4 stars out of 5 and said "This breezy soundtrack offers a good antidote for dull evenings. One can say that Sajid-Wajid are certainly back in business. They might not have experimented much but have given us the classic Hindi film sound that has gone missing in today's times."[27]
The Bollywood gave the soundtrack 3 out of 5 stars stating "The David Dhawan-Sajid-Wajid combo rocks on...! Only next time, Dhawan should let S-W be completely free to indulge in their own style – that way, we will get the far higher musical level of Partner! That said, we must compliment the team for their mainstream masala musical magic!"[28]
Another 3 stars out of 5 was given by Joginder Tuteja from Rediff mentioning "The Main Tera Hero soundtrack has no dull moments. Songs like Palat and Besharmi keep the fun element intact right through."[29]
Promotion[edit]
The film's official trailer was released online on 23 January 2014 with presence of the main cast.[30] Positive responses came along for the young stars' vibe and one of the tabloid reviews compared the movie to Archie Comics characters.[31][32] Arise India and PVR Cinemas collaborated to bring the star-cast of Main Tera Hero to the initial screening at MGF Metropolitan Mall in Saket, Delhi.[33]
Promotional events for the film took place at various cities. As a part of the tour, the cast visited many colleges, malls and news channels to promote their film. The cast made appearances at colleges and malls in Indore and then touring New Delhi, turned up at Delhi University's campus which saw thousands of youngsters turn up to see actors Varun Dhawan, Ileana D'Cruz and anchor Bharat Jain. They were reportedly disheartened at Nargis Fakhri's absence as she was shooting in Budapest. Dhawan and D'Cruz entertained the audience as they danced on the film's songs, Palat and Besharmi Ki Height.[34] The film was also promoted on the popular reality television show Comedy Nights with Kapil.[35]
Reception[edit]
The film received mixed to positive review. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 20% based on 5 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10.[36]
Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the movie 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "On the whole, MAIN TERA HERO is a wild, wacky, madcap entertainer that has the unmistakable stamp of the master of entertainers – David Dhawan. An over the top plot, humor quotient and performances are three aces the film stands on. The film should work well with admirers of typical Bollywood masalathons, also because Varun Dhawan pulls off the act with flamboyance and bowls you over with an uproarious act in this zany entertainer. Go, have fun and laugh out loud!"[37] Srijana Mitra Das of Times of India gave the movie 3.5/5 stars saying, Main Tera Hero is a pav bhaji picture, quick, spicy, hot. It has the depth of a comic strip but it also has its neon-shaded fun. For those who want a light laugh, here's your boy.[38] Paloma Sharma of Rediff gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, and wrote, Main Tera Hero rests almost solely on the bases of strong performances extracted by a tough taskmaster, director David Dhawan—who makes a surprisingly clean film for the most part but doesn't seem to have been able to resist the temptation to indulge in a few less-than-tasteful jokes post-interval. The second half is primarily where the problem lies. The script dwindles slightly. Too many characters with too many subplots emerge, messing things up for a bit.[39] Film Critic Subhash K. Jha gave the film 3 stars, saying ""Main Tera Hero" is a cleverly designed blues-chaser...While Varun Dhawan goes about the task of filling up the screen with his confident zest, David Dhawan ensures there is enough fuel to furnish the funnies with a furious tempo".[40]
Mohar Basu of Koimoi praised the film, stating that, "Main Tero Hero transports you into a world of fun that we have been kept devoid of from weeks. Quick witted, jocular and pricelessly silly, this film is a sure shot must watch." She gave the film 3 out of 5 stars.[41] Raedita Tandan of Filmfare rated the movie with 3 stars stating, "Main Tera Hero (MTH) is a textbook David Dhawan movie. This is the kind of low-brow humour you enjoy without pretensions. It's not great cinema but it is a paisa vasool comedy."[42] Sarita Tanwar of DNA gave the movie 3/5 stars and said, "Main Tera Hero is a light-hearted entertainer, under two hours long which moves along at a brisk pace. Tushar Hiranandani has penned a mad script that will reel you in as soon as the credits end. If the industry was looking for a replacement for Govinda, then there isn't a better option than Varun."[43] Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the movie 2.5/5 stars and said that, "Main Tera Hero is an action-packed romantic comedy that is peppered with vivacious performances, peppy musical set pieces, and a breezy and an unusual love triangle that eventually acquires an additional angle. The story, which is clearly only a pretext to hang the film's many gags on, delivers frantic twists and turns that strain credulity."[44] Zee News Aparna Mudi, rated the movie 2.5/5 stars, stating, "The cast of the movie have definitely been given leverage to play their characters with ease, and performances are good all around. They also seem to have had a lot of fun with the movie, especially Varun, as he looks adorable pulling faces and romancing the two lead heroines. Highly entertaining in the first half, 'Main Tera Hero' slumps in the second. The jokes are slightly in-your-face and fail to make you laugh at times."[45]
Abhishek Gupta of India TV gave it 2.5 stars and wrote, "Twists and turns in the climax look forcibly inducted to give a feel of suspense, though, it doesn't work at all. The cop and the Don turning into comic characters were expected from it but despite all these hiccups, Main Tera Hero reaches its destination."[46] The Hindustan Times' Anupama Chopra gave the film 2 stars, saying, "There are a few moments in the film that took me back to the good old day. But mostly, Main Tera Hero is loud and tiring. The frenzied plot didn't deliver enough funny lines. The burden of making this enterprise work rests mostly with Varun, who is as hyper as a helium-filled energiser bunny. Meanwhile, the two svelte heroines – Ileana D'Cruz and Nargis Fakhri – simper about looking sexy. I just wish it had been more interesting".[47] India Today gave the film 2 stars: "If this film was made to establish Varun Dhawan as a comedy actor who can do something different then they have achieved what they wanted. Because he does put a great show together but there is absolutely nothing else that deserves any compliments." [48]
Box office[edit]
Main Tera Hero opened to an occupancy of around 40% in India. The film, which released alongside Captain America: The Winter Soldier, led in the morning shows in places like Rajasthan, Gujarat and CI while lost out to it in multiplexes of Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai.[49] The film saw a major setback during evening shows in the first day of its release owing to the semi-final match between India and South-Africa collecting ₹200 million (US$2.9 million).[50][51] The film collected another ₹279 million (US$4.1 million) on the second day of its theatrical release—taking its two-day total to ₹500 million (US$7.3 million)—showing a considerable growth of 80%, which was expected considering the loss on its first day to the cricket match.[52] On the third day it collected ₹75 million (US$1.1 million)—₹77.5 million (US$1.1 million) to take its weekend total to ₹400 million (US$5.8 million)—₹403 million (US$5.9 million) which though "high" by normal standards were understandable because of the cricket matches affecting its growth.[53] On its first Monday it had a collection of around ₹375 million (US$5.5 million)—₹436 million (US$6.3 million).[54] On the fifth day of its theatrical release there was a growth of 15% courtesy a holiday, another ₹27.5 million (US$400,000) on the next day pushed the film's six-day total to ₹308 million (US$4.5 million).[55] Overall the film had a decent first week collecting ₹335 million (US$4.9 million) domestically.[56] The film with the fourth highest first week total of the year—after Jai Ho, Gunday and Ragini MMS 2—performed best in circuits like CP Berar, Nizam and Andhra Pradesh, where it collected an estimated ₹221 million (US$3.2 million) plus and above all in Gujarat with ₹400 million (US$5.8 million).[56] Suffering a heavy drop of 75% the film collected ₹15 million (US$220,000) on its eighth day.[57] The film in all collected ₹128 million (US$1.9 million)[58] in its second week managing a two-week total of ₹463 million (US$6.7 million) with best collections from Mumbai, Rajasthan and CP Berar circuits. From the Mumbai circuit—comprising the Gujarat-Saurashtra belts—alone it collected ₹180 million (US$2.6 million).[59] It was declared a "Semi Hit" by Box Office India.[60]
Awards[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2014 Life OK Now Awards, May 2014[61] Life OK Now – Film Ekta Kapoor Won
Life OK Now – Actor (Male) Varun Dhawan
Life OK Now – Actor (Female) Ileana D'Cruz Nominated
Life OK Now – Director David Dhawan Won
Life OK WOW Performance of the month (Female) Ileana D'Cruz
Life OK Now – Music of the Month Sajid-Wajid
Life OK Now – Singer (Male) Arijit Singh
(for the Song Palat)
Life OK Now – Singer (Female) Shalmali Kholgade
(for the Song Besharmi Ki Height)
Life OK Now – Supporting Actor (Female) Nargis Fakhri
Life OK Now – Moment of the Month
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Main Tera Hero on IMDb
Main Tera Hero at Bollywoodhungama.com
show
v
t
e
Films directed by David Dhawan
Taaqatwar (1989)
Jurrat (1989)
Aandhiyan (1989)
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The Double Helix
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Double Helix
First US edition
Author
James Watson
Country
United States
Language
English
Subject
History of science
Genre
Autobiography
Published
1968
Publisher
Atheneum Press (US), Weidenfeld & Nicolson (UK)
Media type
Book
Pages
226
ISBN
0-451-03770-7
OCLC
439345
Dewey Decimal
574.87/3282
LC Class
QU58W339d 1968
The Double Helix : A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA is an autobiographical account of the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA written by James D. Watson and published in 1968. Watson is a U.S. molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick.
In 1998, the Modern Library placed The Double Helix at number 7 on its list of the 100 best nonfiction books of the 20th century. In 2012, The Double Helix was named as one of the 88 "Books That Shaped America" by the Library of Congress.
Though an important book about an immensely important subject, it was and remains a controversial account. Though it was originally slated to be published by Harvard University Press, Watson's home university, Harvard dropped the arrangement after protestations from Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins,[1] co-discoverers of the structure of DNA, and it was published instead by Atheneum in the United States and Weidenfeld & Nicolson in the UK.
The intimate first-person memoir about scientific discovery was unusual for its time. The book has been hailed for its highly personal view of scientific work, though has been criticised as caring only about the glory of priority and the author is claimed to be willing to appropriate data from others surreptitiously in order to obtain it. It has also been criticized as being excessively sexist towards Rosalind Franklin, another participant in the discovery, who was deceased by the time Watson's book was written.
The events described in the book were dramatized in a BBC television program Life Story (known as The Race for the Double Helix in the U.S.).
Contents
[hide]
1 Criticism
2 An annotated and illustrated edition
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Criticism[edit]
The book leaned heavily on personalities, and some, like Rosalind Franklin, were treated cartoonishly.
Burton Feldman[1]
A 1980 Norton Critical Edition of The Double Helix edited by Gunther Stent, analyzed the events surrounding its initial publication. It presents a selection of both positive and negative reviews of the book, by such figures as Philip Morrison, Richard Lewontin, Alex Comfort, Jacob Bronowski, and more in-depth analyses by Peter Medawar, Robert K. Merton, and Andre Lwoff. Erwin Chargaff declined permission to reprint his unsympathetic review from the March 29, 1968, issue of Science, but letters in response from Max Perutz, Maurice Wilkins, and Watson are printed. Also included are retrospectives from a 1974 edition of Nature written by Francis Crick and Linus Pauling, and an analysis of Franklin's work by her student Aaron Klug. The Norton edition concludes with the 1953 papers on DNA structure as published in Nature.
In the book Rosalind Franklin and DNA, author Anne Sayre is very critical of Watson's account. She claims that Watson's book did not give a balanced description of Rosalind Franklin and the nature of her interactions with Maurice Wilkins at King's College, London. Sayre's book raises doubts about the ethics of how Watson and Crick used some of Franklin's results and whether adequate credit was given to her. Watson had very limited contact with Franklin during the time she worked on DNA. By providing more information about Franklin's life than was included in Watson's book, it was possible for Sayre to provide a different perspective on the role Franklin played in Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. (See: King's College (London) DNA Controversy)
In the book's preface, Watson explains that he is describing his impressions at the time of the events, and not at the time he wrote the book. In the epilogue Watson writes; "Since my initial impressions about [Franklin], both scientific and personal (as recorded in the early pages of this book) were often wrong I want to say something here about her achievements." He goes on to describe her superb work, and, despite this, the enormous barriers she faced as a woman in the field of science. He also acknowledged that it took years to overcome their bickering before appreciating Franklin's generosity and integrity.
An annotated and illustrated edition[edit]
An annotated and illustrated version of the book, edited by Alex Gann and Jan Witkowski, was published in November 2012 by Simon & Schuster in association with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. The new edition coincided with the fiftieth anniversary of the award of the 1962 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine to Francis Crick, James D. Watson and Maurice Wilkins. It contains over three hundred annotations on the events and characters portrayed, with facsimile letters and contemporary photographs, many previously unpublished. Their sources include newly discovered correspondence from Crick, the papers of Franklin, Pauling, and Wilkins, and they include a chapter dropped from the original edition that described Watson's holiday in the Italian Alps in 1952. The edition was favorably reviewed in The New York Times by Nicholas Wade who commented, "anyone seeking to understand modern biology and genomics could do much worse than start with the discovery of the structure of DNA, on which almost everything else is based.[2] This edition includes several appendices, including letters by Crick and Watson giving the first account of the discovery, a previously unpublished chapter, an account of the controversy surrounding the publication, and the unsympathetic review by the late Erwin Chargaff from the March 29, 1968, issue of Science, which he previously declined permission to reprint in the 1980 Norton Critical Edition of The Double Helix edited by Gunther Stent.
The book does not include the four press cuttings from the News Chronicle, Varsity and the New York Times (2) of May and June 1953 regarding the discovery of the structure of DNA, and Crick's letter of 13th April 1967 is incomplete.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Feldman, Burton (2001). The Nobel prize: a history of genius, controversy, and prestige. Arcade Publishing. p. 263. ISBN 1-55970-592-2.
Jump up ^ "New York Times". Retrieved 12 November 2011.
References[edit]
James D. Watson, The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA (1968), Atheneum, 1980, ISBN 0-689-70602-2, OCLC 6197022
James D. Watson, "The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix, edited by Alexander Gann and Jan Witkowski" (2012) Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-1-4767-1549-0.
James D. Watson, The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA (1980 Norton Critical Edition), editor Gunther Stent, W.W. Norton, ISBN 0-393-95075-1.
Maddox, Brenda (2002). Rosalind Franklin: the dark lady of DNA. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-393-32044-8.
Sayre, Anne. Rosalind Franklin and DNA (1975), New York: W.W. Norton and Company, ISBN 0-393-32044-8
Wilkins, Maurice, The Third Man of the Double Helix: The Autobiography (2003), Oxford U Press, ISBN 0-19-860665-6
External links[edit]
[1] Interview with editors of the Annotated and Illustrated edition, 2012
Photos of the first edition of The Double Helix
A Reader's Guide to The Double Helix, 2009 by Kenneth R. Miller, a biology professor at Brown University
Resource Page for The Double Helix used in Biology 20, The Foundations of Living Systems, a course at Brown University
[2] 'DNA Pioneer James Watson Reveals Helix Story Was Almost Never Told,' Robin McKie, The Observer, 8 December 2012
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Double_Helix&oldid=784198635"
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Rail Budget
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Rail Budget of India is the Annual Financial Statement of the state-owned Indian Railways, which handles rail transport in India. It was presented every year by the Minister of Railways, representing the Ministry of Railways, in the Parliament.
The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few days before the Union budget of India, till 2016. The Government on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and General budgets from next year, ending a 92-year-old practice of a separate budget for the nation’s largest transporter.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 See also
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
History[edit]
Following the recommendation of the Acworth Committee in 1920-21, headed by British railway economist William Acworth[2] The "Acworth Report" led to reorganisation of railways, the railway finances were separated from the general government finances in 1921. After that in 1924 the budget was announced, a practice that continued till 2016.[3][4][5]
The first live telecast took place on 24 March 1994.
Lalu Prasad Yadav, who remained Railways Minister from 2004 to May 2009, presented the railway budget 6 times in a row. In 2009, under his tenure a ₹108 billion (US$1.7 billion) budget was passed.[6]
In the year 2000, Mamata Banerjee (later Chief Minister of West Bengal) became the first female Railway Minister. In 2002, she became the first female to present the Railway budget and is the only woman to do so for two different governing coalitions (NDA and UPA).
In 2014 budget, Railway Minister D. V. Sadananda Gowda announced the first bullet train and 9 High-Speed Rail routes.[7]
The last Railway Budget [8] was presented on 25 February 2016 by Mr. Suresh Prabhu.
See also[edit]
Union budget of India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/railway-budget-to-be-merged-with-general-budget-from-2017/article8988441.ece
Jump up ^ "No. 32188". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 January 1921. p. 278.
Jump up ^ Powell Anstey, Vera (1952). The Economic Development of India. Ayer Publishing. pp. 136–137.
Jump up ^ Headrick, Daniel R (1988). The tentacles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850-1940. Oxford University Press. p. 80. ISBN 9780195051162.
Jump up ^ Debroy, Bibek (6 March 2012). "Railway Budget 2012: Best time to raise fares is now". The Economic Times. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lalu announces some more trains". The Hindu. 20 February 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gowda's announces first bullet train between Mumbai-Ahmedabad". Patrika Group. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "After 92 years, Rail Budget is history". Business Standard. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Railway Budget Speech 2010 Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India.
Railway Budget, 2012-13 Press Information Bureau
Railway Budget, 2013-14 Press Information Bureau
External links[edit]
Official website of the Ministry of Railways
"Railway Budget Archive (1997-present)". Press Information Bureau.
Railway budget live updates 2016-2017
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