text:
TNM staging system
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The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) is a notation system that describes the stage of a cancer which originates from a solid tumour with alphanumeric codes.
T describes the size of the original (primary) tumour and whether it has invaded nearby tissue,
N describes nearby (regional) lymph nodes that are involved,
M describes distant metastasis (spread of cancer from one part of the body to another).
The TNM staging system for all solid tumours was devised by Pierre Denoix between 1943 and 1952, using the size and extension of the primary tumor, its lymphatic involvement, and the presence of metastases to classify the progression of cancer.[1] it is a classification of the anatomical extent of disease. It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumour cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia and tumours of the central nervous system (CNS).
TNM is developed and maintained by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) to achieve consensus on one globally recognised standard for classifying the extent of spread of cancer. The TNM classification is also used by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). In 1987, the UICC and AJCC staging systems were unified into a single staging system.
Contents
[hide]
1 General outline
1.1 Mandatory parameters
1.2 Other parameters
1.3 Prefix modifiers
1.4 UICC Stage and AJCC Prognostic Stage Groups
2 Examples
3 Uses and aims
4 Versions
5 Essential TNM
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
General outline[edit]
Most of the common tumours have their own TNM classification. Not all tumours have TNM classifications, e.g., there is no TNM classification for the tumours of the central nervous system.
The general outline for the TNM classification is below. The values in parentheses give a range of what can be used for all cancer types, but not all cancers use this full range.
Mandatory parameters[edit]
Diagram showing the T stages of bladder cancer
T: size or direct extent of the primary tumour
Tx: tumour cannot be assessed
Tis: carcinoma in situ
T0: no evidence of tumour
T1, T2, T3, T4: size and/or extension of the primary tumor
N: degree of spread to regional lymph nodes
Nx: lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0: no regional lymph nodes metastasis
N1: regional lymph node metastasis present; at some sites, tumour spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes
N2: tumour spread to an extent between N1 and N3 (N2 is not used at all sites)
N3: tumour spread to more distant or numerous regional lymph nodes (N3 is not used at all sites)
M: presence of distant metastasis
M0: no distant metastasis
M1: metastasis to distant organs (beyond regional lymph nodes)[2]
The Mx designation was removed from the 7th edition of the AJCC/UICC system, but referred to cancers that could not be evaluated for distant metastasis.
Other parameters[edit]
G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated)
S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers
R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not)
L (0–1): invasion into lymphatic vessels
V (0–2): invasion into vein (no, microscopic, macroscopic)
C (1–5): a modifier of the certainty (quality) of the last mentioned parameter (has been removed in the TNM 8th edition)
Prefix modifiers[edit]
c: stage is determined from evidence acquired before treatment (including clinical examination, imaging, endoscopy, biopsy, surgical exploration). The c-prefix is implicit in absence of the p-prefix.
p: stage given by histopathologic examination of a surgical specimen
y: stage assessed after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; in other words, the individual had neoadjuvant therapy.
r: stage for a recurrent tumor in an individual that had some period of time free from the disease.
a: stage determined at autopsy.
u: stage determined by ultrasonography or endosonography. Clinicians often use this modifier although it is not an officially defined one
For the T, N and M parameters exist subclassifications for some cancer-types (e.g. T1a, Tis, N1i)
UICC Stage and AJCC Prognostic Stage Groups[edit]
The TNM system is used to record the anatomical extent of disease. It is useful to condense these categories into groups. carcinoma in situ is categorized stage 0; often tumours localized to the organ of origin are staged as I or II depending on the extent, locally extensive spread, to regional nodes are staged as III, and those with distant metastasis staged as stage IV. However, in some tumour types stage groups do not conform to this simplified schema. The stage group is adopted with the intention that categories within each group are more or less homogeneous in respect of survival, and that the survival rates are distinctive between groups. The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) uses the term Stage to define the anatomical extent of disease. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) uses the term Prognostic Stage Group which may also include additional prognostic factors in addition to anatomical extent of disease.
Examples[edit]
Small, low-grade cancer, no metastasis, no spread to regional lymph nodes, cancer completely removed, resection material seen by pathologist: pT1 pN0 M0 R0 G1; this grouping of T, N, and M would be considered Stage I.
Large, high grade cancer, with spread to regional lymph nodes and other organs, not completely removed, seen by pathologist: pT4 pN2 M1 R1 G3; this grouping of T, N, and M would be considered Stage IV.
While most Stage I tumours are curable; most Stage IV tumours are inoperable.
Uses and aims[edit]
Some of the aims for adopting a global standard are to:
Aid medical staff in staging the tumour helping to plan the treatment.
Give an indication of prognosis.
Assist in the evaluation of the results of treatment.
Enable facilities around the world to collate information more productively.
Since the number of combinations of categories is high, combinations are grouped to stages for better analysis.
Versions[edit]
It is crucial to be aware that the criteria used in the TNM system have varied over time, sometimes fairly substantially, according to the different editions that AJCC and UICC have released. The dates of publication and adoption for use of the UICC and AJCC editions are summarized here; past editions are available from AJCC for web download.[3]
UICC editions:
UICC TNM pocket book, "the Livre de Poche (1st ed.). 1968.
UICC TNM pocket book, "the Livre de Poche (2nd ed.). 1974.
UICC TNM Classification (3rd ed.). 1982.
UICC TNM Classification (4th ed.). 1987.
UICC TNM Classification (5th ed.). 1997.
UICC TNM Classification (6th ed.). 2002. Went into effect 2003.
UICC TNM Classification (7th ed.). 2009. Went into effect 2010.
UICC TNM Classification (8th ed.). 2016. Went into effect 2017.
AJCC editions:
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (1st ed.). 1977. Went into effect 1978.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (2nd ed.). 1983. ISBN 0397505949. Went into effect 1984.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (3rd ed.). 1988. ISBN 0397509162. Went into effect 1989.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (4th ed.). 1992. ISBN 0397512643. Went into effect 1993.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (5th ed.). 1997. ISBN 0397584148. Went into effect 1998.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (6th ed.). 2002. ISBN 0387952713. Went into effect 2003.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (7th ed.). 2009. ISBN 0387884408. Went into effect 2010.
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (8th ed.). 2016. ISBN 3319406175. Delayed to go into effect 2018.
As a result, a given stage may have quite a different prognosis depending on which staging edition is used, independent of any changes in diagnostic methods or treatments, an effect that has been termed "stage migration." The technologies used to assign patients to particular categories have also changed, and increasingly sensitive methods tend to cause individual cancers to be reassigned to higher stages, making it improper to compare that cancer's prognosis to the historical expectations for that stage. A further important consideration is the effect of improving treatments over time.
Essential TNM[edit]
Essential TNM is a simplified form of TNM designed specifically to enable cancer registries in low and middle income countries to collect stage information when complete details of the extent of disease is not available for collection by the registry. It is not designed to replace TNM for patient care.
See also[edit]
Cancer staging
Ann Arbor staging, used in lymphomas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Denoix PF. Enquete permanent dans les centres anticancereaux. Bull Inst Nat Hyg 1946;1:70–5.
Jump up ^ "Cancer staging". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ American Joint Committee on Cancer. Past Editions of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual available at [1]
Bibliography[edit]
Lydiatt, William M.; Patel, Snehal G.; O'Sullivan, Brian; Brandwein, Margaret S.; Ridge, John A.; Migliacci, Jocelyn C.; Loomis, Ashley M.; Shah, Jatin P. (March 2017). "Head and Neck cancers-major changes in the American Joint Committee on cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 67 (2): 122–137. doi:10.3322/caac.21389.
Sobin, L.H.; Gospodarowicz, M.K.; Wittekind, Ch., eds. (2010). TNM classification of malignant tumours (7th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4443-3241-4.
Brierley, J.D.; Gospodarowicz, M.K.; Wittekind, Ch., eds. (2017). TNM classification of malignant tumours (8th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4443-3241-4.
External links[edit]
UICC site
AJCC site
TNM Classification Help
TNM Breast Cancer Staging (specific to breast cancer, but detailed and easy to understand)
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Sons of Anarchy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Sons of Anarchy
Genre
Crime drama
Contemporary Western[1]
Created by
Kurt Sutter
Starring
Charlie Hunnam
Katey Sagal
Mark Boone Junior
Kim Coates
Tommy Flanagan
Johnny Lewis
Maggie Siff
Ron Perlman
Ryan Hurst
William Lucking
Theo Rossi
Dayton Callie
Jimmy Smits
Drea De Matteo
David Labrava
Niko Nicotera
Theme music composer
Bob Thiele
Dave Kushner
Curtis Stigers
Opening theme
"This Life" by Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers
Composer(s)
Bob Thiele Jr.
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
7
No. of episodes
92 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Kurt Sutter
John Linson
Art Linson
James D. Parriott
Paris Barclay
Dave Erickson
Producer(s)
Jon Paré
Regina Corrado
Liz Sagal
Craig Yahata
Chris Collins
Grace Whitehouse
Location(s)
Occidental Studios, North Hollywood, California
Cinematography
Paul Maibaum
Editor(s)
Paul Fontaine
Etienne des Lauriers
Lauren Pendergrass
Running time
39–180 minutes
Production company(s)
Linson The Company
Sutter Ink
Fox 21
FX Productions
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
FX
Original release
September 3, 2008 (2008-09-03) – December 9, 2014 (2014-12-09)
Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter, which aired from 2008 to 2014. It follows the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show stars Charlie Hunnam as Jackson "Jax" Teller, initially the vice president, who begins questioning the club and himself. Brotherhood, loyalty and redemption are constant themes.
Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 3, 2008, on cable network FX. The series's third season attracted an average of 4.9 million weekly viewers, making it FX's highest rated series and surpassing its other hits The Shield, Nip/Tuck and Rescue Me. The season four and five premieres were the two highest-rated telecasts in FX's history.[2]
The sixth season aired from September 10, 2013, through December 10, 2013.[3] The seventh and final season of the series premiered on September 9, 2014. The series finale premiered on December 9, 2014.[4][5]
The series explores vigilantism, government corruption and racism, and depicts an outlaw motorcycle club as an analogy for human transformation. Real life Oakland Hell's Angel David Labrava served as a technical adviser, and also played one of the main characters, Happy Lowman, the club's assassin.
In November 2013, Sutter indicated he was in talks with FX to make a Sons of Anarchy prequel set in the 1960s. In February 2015, he said he would not work on the prequel, likely to be titled "The First 9", before 2017.[5] In November 2016 FX announced the development of a spin-off series Mayans MC,[6] centered around Latino culture, which will likely include past SOA characters in cameo roles.
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
1.1 Season 1 (2008)
1.2 Season 2 (2009)
1.3 Season 3 (2010)
1.4 Season 4 (2011)
1.5 Season 5 (2012)
1.6 Season 6 (2013)
1.7 Season 7 (2014)
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Elements
3.1 Concept
3.2 SAMCRO founders
3.3 SAMCRO attire
3.4 Vehicles
3.5 Activities and affiliates
3.6 SAMCRO properties
3.7 Shakespearean influence
3.8 SAMCRO hierarchy
4 Production
4.1 Crew
4.2 Filming
5 Episodes
6 Reception
6.1 Critical reception
6.1.1 Season one
6.1.2 Season two
6.1.3 Season three
6.1.4 Season four
6.1.5 Season five
6.1.6 Season six
6.1.7 Season seven
6.2 Ratings
6.3 Awards and nominations
7 Music
7.1 Soundtracks
7.2 Other music
8 Other media
8.1 Comic book
8.2 Novel series
8.3 Potential prequel
8.4 Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect
8.5 Spin-off
9 Broadcast
10 References
11 External links
Series overview[edit]
Each season involves parallel plot lines that intertwine and overlap, centering on both the personal and family life of Jackson "Jax" Teller (Charlie Hunnam) and on SAMCRO (Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original). SAMCRO is involved with gun-running in the western United States, and deals with rival gangs, politicians and the authorities. As vice president and later president of SAMCRO, Jax struggles to manage the club and the legacy of its founder, his father John. SAMCRO is said to resemble the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club; the series includes appearances from David LaBrava (Happy), Chuck Zito (Frankie Diamonds), Rusty Coones (Quinn), and Sonny Barger (Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz) who are real Hells Angels members.
Season 1 (2008)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 1)
The series begins with the destruction of a warehouse the club uses to store and assemble guns, which is their main source of income, by a rival MC right before the overdose of Jax's Methamphetamine-addicted ex-wife Wendy. An emergency C-section is performed, and their son Abel is delivered ten weeks prematurely. Jax finds his father's memoirs when he visits a storage unit to collect some old baby clothes. John Teller, Jax's father, was one of the founders of SAMCRO, and the book describes his trials with and hopes for the club. Jax's mother, Gemma Teller-Morrow, is now married to the President of SAMCRO, Clay Morrow. Jax's best friend Opie has just been released from prison for serving time for a club-related crime. The first season deals with Jax trying to reconcile things happening to the club with what he reads in his father's memoirs, Opie trying to take a lesser role in the club, and local and federal law enforcement trying to shut down SAMCRO.
Season 2 (2009)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 2)
White separatists called the League Of American Nationalists (LOAN) arrive in Charming.[7] LOAN's leader Ethan Zobelle and Zobelle's enforcer, A.J. Weston, seek to drive the Sons of Anarchy from Charming. To send a message to SAMCRO, Zobelle orchestrates to have Gemma kidnapped and gang raped by Weston and two others. Due to the improper handling of an internal problem, the rift between Clay and Jax continues to widen as Jax challenges most of Clay's decisions and comes to a head when a lone car bomb nearly kills another member of SAMCRO. The second season sees SAMCRO battling LOAN for control of Charming, Jax and Clay veering further apart in their individual visions for the club, and evading the ever-present threat of the ATF.
Season 3 (2010)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 3)
Gemma has been hiding in Rogue River, Oregon with Tig at the home of Gemma's father, Nate (Hal Holbrook), who suffers from dementia. Gemma struggles when she takes Nate to his new assisted living home, and he pleads to be taken back to his house. She returns to Charming to reunite with her grandson, unaware he has been kidnapped. The return of A.T.F. agent Stahl twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Ireland and brings home Abel, agent Stahl double crosses Jax and tells the club about the side deal Jax made with her, unaware that Jax and the club had it planned all along knowing Stahl would back out of the deal. Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, and Happy are hauled away to jail. While Opie, Chibbs, and the Prospects are all en route following Stahl. Opie kills Stahl to avenge the death of his wife, Donna.
Season 4 (2011)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 4)
The imprisoned SAMCRO members leave the penitentiary after their 14-month stay and are met by Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt of the San Joaquin Sheriff's Department, the new law enforcement presence in Charming. They also discover Hale has become the mayor. US Attorney Lincoln Potter seeks Lieutenant Roosevelt's help to build a RICO case against SAMCRO.
Season 5 (2012)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 5)
In retaliation for the death of Veronica Pope (Laroy's girlfriend who was also the daughter of powerful Oakland kingpin Damon Pope), the Niners attack SAMCRO and ambush a cargo shipment. With the death of Piney Winston and the growing conflict between the Niners and SAMCRO, along with several home invasions targeting people linked to the Club, Jax is forced to meet with Damon Pope, to face a new threat unlike anything SAMCRO has ever faced.
Season 6 (2013)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 6)
Following the arrest of Tara and Clay, Jax struggles to hold SAMCRO together while Tara is imprisoned. Toric approaches both Tara and Clay and offers them deals in exchange for giving up SAMCRO; both initially refuse, but Clay later relents when confronted with being thrown into the prison's general population and assuredly being killed by inmates paid off by Damon Pope's men as a retaliation for Pope's murder. Juice returns to Charming after helping Bobby relocate after stepping down as VP, which angers Chibs, who doesn't believe Juice has been punished enough for talking to cops and later beats him. With the growing romance between Gemma and Nero, the death of Clay Morrow, and death of Tara, the tables get turned and club starts to go in a new darker direction.
Season 7 (2014)[edit]
Main article: Sons of Anarchy (season 7)
Jax struggles with his recent loss and turns himself in to the authorities. While in jail, Jax makes decisions that radically alter the direction of the club and uses it to exact revenge. Another member's death fuels the hate and lies created by Gemma and Juice, who are on the run and hiding from the club. After Jax learns the truth, he works to make things right with all parties involved. The series ends with Jax making the ultimate sacrifice to complete his part of the story of SAMCRO and fulfill his father's vision.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Sons of Anarchy characters
Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.
Main[edit]
Character
Actor
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jax Teller Charlie Hunnam Main
Gemma Teller Morrow Katey Sagal Main
Bobby Munson Mark Boone Junior Main
Alex "Tig" Trager Kim Coates Main
Filip "Chibs" Telford Tommy Flanagan Main
Kip "Half-Sack" Epps Johnny Lewis Main
Tara Knowles Maggie Siff Main
Clarence "Clay" Morrow Ron Perlman Main
Opie Winston Ryan Hurst Recurring Main
Piney Winston William Lucking Recurring Main
Juan Carlos "Juice" Ortiz Theo Rossi Recurring Main
Wayne Unser Dayton Callie Recurring Main
Wendy Case Drea de Matteo Special Guest Special Guest Main
Happy David Labrava Guest Co-star Recurring Main
Ratboy Niko Nicotera Recurring Main
Nero Jimmy Smits Special Guest Starring
Recurring[edit]
Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez
Tory Kittles as Laroy Wayne (seasons 1–4)
Taylor Sheridan as Deputy Chief David Hale (seasons 1–3)
Jamie McShane as Cameron Hayes (seasons 1–3)
Dendrie Taylor as Luann Delaney (seasons 1–2)
Glenn Plummer as Deputy Sheriff Vic Trammel (seasons 1–2)
Julie Ariola as Mary Winston (seasons 1–2)
Taryn Manning as Rita "Cherry" Zambell (seasons 1 & 3)
Sprague Grayden as Donna Winston (season 1)
Jay Karnes as Agent Joshua Kohn (season 1)
Keir O'Donnell as Lowell Harland, Jr. (season 1)
Jeff Wincott as Jimmy Cacuzza (guest season 1,5 & 6)
Mitch Pileggi as Ernest Darby (seasons 1–2; special guest season 3; guest season 6)
Michael Ornstein as Chuck Marstein (seasons 2–7; guest season 1)
Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin (seasons 2–3 & 5–6; guest season 1; special guest season 7)
Kurt Sutter as "Big" Otto Delaney (seasons 2–6 (uncredited); guest season 1 (uncredited))
Patrick St. Esprit as Elliott Oswald (seasons 2–4; guest seasons 1 & 6)
Marcos de la Cruz as Estevez (seasons 2–3; guest season 1)
Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston (seasons 2–7)
McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy (seasons 2–6)
Kristen Renton as Ima (seasons 2–6)
Titus Welliver as Jimmy O'Phelan (seasons 2–3)
Bellina Logan as Fiona Larkin (seasons 2–3)
Henry Rollins as AJ Weston (season 2)
Callard Harris as Edmond Hayes (season 2)
Sarah Jones as Polly Zobelle (season 2)
Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale, Jr. (seasons 3–6; guest season 2)
Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip "Filthy Phil" Russell (seasons 3–6)
Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen (seasons 3–6)
Michael Beach as T.O. Cross (seasons 3 & 7; guest season 5)
Hal Holbrook as Nate Madok (season 3; guest season 7)
Jose Pablo Cantillo as Hector Salazar (season 3)
James Cosmo as Father Kellen Ashby (season 3)
Zoe Boyle as Trinity Ashby (season 3)
Andrew McPhee as Keith McGee (season 3)
Arie Verveen as Liam O'Neill (season 3)
Pamela J. Gray as Agent Amy Tyler (season 3)
Marcello Thedford as Lander Jackson (season 3)
Joel Tobeck as Donny (season 3)
Darin Heames as Seamus Ryan (season 3)
Q'orianka Kilcher as Kerrianne Larkin-Telford (season 3)
Monique Gabriela Curnen as Amelia Dominguez (season 3)
Michael Fairman as Lumpy Feldstein (season 3)
Bob McCracken as Brendan Roarke (seasons 4 & 6–7; guest season 3)
Frank Potter as Eric Miles (season 4; co-star season 3)
Walter Wong as Chris "V-Lin" Von Lin (seasons 4–6)
Timothy V. Murphy as Galen O'Shay (seasons 4–6)
Merle Dandridge as Rita Roosevelt (seasons 4–5)
Benito Martinez as Luis Torres (season 4; special guest season 5)
David Rees Snell as Agent Grad Nicholas (season 4)
Billy Brown as August Marks (seasons 5–7)
Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco (seasons 5–7)
Chuck Zito as Frankie Diamonds (season 5)
Chris Browning as GoGo (season 5)
Kurt Yaeger as Greg "The Peg" (season 5)
Wanda De Jesus as Carla (season 5)
LaMonica Garrett as Deputy Sheriff Cane (seasons 6–7; co-star seasons 4–5)
Rusty Coones as Rane Quinn (seasons 6–7; co-star season 5)
Kim Dickens as Colette Jane (seasons 6–7)
Douglas Bennett as Orlin West (seasons 6–7)
Jacob Vargas as Allesandro Montez (seasons 6–7)
Scott Anderson as Connor Malone (seasons 6–7)
Steve Howey as Hopper (season 6)
Michael Shamus Wiles as Jury White (season 7; guest seasons 1 & 6)
Marya Delver as Officer Candy Eglee (season 7; co-star seasons 1–3 & 6)
Mo McRae as Tyler (season 7; guest seasons 5–6)
Hayley McFarland as Brooke Putner (season 7; guest season 6)
Marilyn Manson as Ron Tully (season 7)
Malcolm-Jamal Warner as Sticky (season 7)[8]
Ivo Nandi as Oscar "El Oso" Ramos (season 7)
Ron Yuan as Ryu Tom (season 7)
Brad Carter as Leland Gruen (season 7)
April Grace as Loutreesha Haddem (season 7)
Arjay Smith as Grant McQueen (season 7)
Matthew St. Patrick as Moses Cartwright (season 7)
Tony Curran as Gaines (season 7)
Elements[edit]
Concept[edit]
The Sons of Anarchy (SOA) is an outlaw motorcycle club with many charters in the United States as well as overseas. The show focuses on the original and founding ("mother") charter, Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original,[9] referred to by the acronym SAMCRO[10] or Sam Crow, located in the fictional town of Charming, California, adjacent to the Teller-Morrow auto mechanic shop. Its nickname is reflected in the original title for the show, Forever Sam Crow.[11] Led by President Clay Morrow, the club 'protects' and controls Charming through close community relationships, bribery, and violent intimidation. In the early seasons they are vehement about keeping "hard" drugs and drug dealers out of Charming. They also do not tolerate sex criminals. The club's leadership are supporters of the IRA.
SAMCRO founders[edit]
John Teller, Piermont "Piney" Winston co-founded SAMCRO in 1967 on returning from the Vietnam War.[12] When John's wife Gemma becomes pregnant with their second son, Jackson (Jax), they settle in Gemma's hometown of Charming. Six of the "Redwood Original 9", or "First 9", members were Vietnam vets, with only Lenny Janowitz alive at the end of the series.
SAMCRO attire[edit]
Club members wear vests known as kuttes. The SOA patch on the back is a Grim Reaper holding a crystal ball with the Anarchist circle-A symbol, and wielding the Reaper's traditional scythe, the handle of which has been replaced by the M16 rifle that the founders wielded in Vietnam. Only full members can wear the "patch". Other smaller patches have specific meanings, such as "Men of Mayhem" worn by club members who have spilled blood on the club's behalf, "First 9", worn by the original nine members, and those for the President/Vice President/Sergeant at Arms/Secretary. Kelli Jones was the costume designer for all the seasons. Due to its popularity, replicas of the vests, with the same style of top pockets, zips and button clasps, have become popular on various auction sites.[citation needed]
Vehicles[edit]
The Sons ride customised Harley-Davidson Dyna motorcycles. Each rider customises his own bike to his individual style; however, they all paint their bikes black and most sport T-bar style handlebars. A patchholder's bike usually sports the Sons of Anarchy letters, the club's Grim Reaper logo, or the circled "A" club logo. In later seasons, several members switch to more touring-oriented models. For instance, Jax is often seen on a Street Glide. Prospects are not permitted to paint their bikes black until they get patched in.
Jax is also seen driving a silver Dodge Ram 1500 throughout the show. His mother (Gemma Teller Morrow) is usually seen driving a Cadillac XLR-V and an Escalade. Later in Season 6 she is seen driving a Lincoln Navigator (all are painted black).
Throughout season 7 Jax is seen refurbishing his father's bike, a stock 1946 Harley Davidson, equipped with the correct Knucklehead motor and hardtail cradle frame. The bike which he rides in the Season 7 finale's last scenes is fitted with an Evolution motor, and late-model swing arm frame.
The Mayans MC also ride Harley Davidson motorcycles (Panheads, Shovelheads and Evolutions). The biggest difference between their bikes and the Sons' lies in ape hanger bars, fender skirts and bikes of all colors.
Jimmy Smits errs when referring to the year of his blue Impala SS. While he mentions the "lack of child safety features in 1964", it is actually a 1963 Impala SS.
Activities and affiliates[edit]
Some members have day jobs in local industries; most work at the Teller-Morrow garage as mechanics, but they primarily make money by illegally importing weapons and selling them to various gangs, and making protection runs for local businesses by defending valuable truck shipments against hijacking. During Season 4 they start to mule cocaine for the Galindo cartel in exchange for cash and protection. In later seasons they manage a porn studio and an escort business, both legitimately.
SAMCRO keeps meth traffickers and drug dealers out of Charming, which puts them at odds with the meth-distributing white supremacist Nordics (AKA Nords), headed by Ernest Darby. This earns them respect and admiration from the townspeople, who believe the Sons do more to protect their town than its own police. SAMCRO also has to deal with a rival, Oakland-based motorcycle club (MC), the Mayans led by Marcus Alvarez (played by Emilio Rivera, who also appeared in The Shield as Mexican drug dealer Navarro Quintero). Other groups in SAMCRO's orbit include the San Francisco–based Chinese mafia Lin Triad, led by Henry Lin; the Italian American Cacuzza crime family; the Russian mob led by Viktor Putlova; the Real IRA (aka RIRA) of Ireland, which supplies them with illegal Russian-made guns; the "One-Niners", an African American street gang (which also appeared on The Shield, thus possibly putting the two in the same fictional universe) to whom SAMCRO sell weapons; and various affiliates in the state prison system, where many members of the club have been incarcerated at one time or another. These gangs serve important roles in either being enemies of the clubs or soon to be partners with the MC to bring in more money.
SAMCRO properties[edit]
In the series premiere, the Mayans torch the facility the SAMCRO used for storing and assembling guns, forcing the club to buy land for and build another facility. The clubhouse, described above, includes a living area with multiple rooms (where members sometimes crash for the night), a fully operational bar, a pool table, a kitchen, a workout room, and the "chapel", a room with an elaborate redwood conference table that has a reaper logo carved into the top, where the patched members meet to discuss club business and vote on major decisions. The club owns a secluded cabin in the woods and a warehouse outside of town (which was bought from but is still maintained by club associate Elliot Oswald), where they have stored weapons and cocaine for the Galindo Cartel. The club also rents an old soda fountain/candy shop that is used as the clubhouse in seasons 6 and 7 after the Teller/Morrow clubhouse was destroyed in an explosion. They also spend time at Red Woody, the club's porn studio (run by Lyla), and Diosa and Diosa Norte, the club's two escort agencies.
Shakespearean influence[edit]
Sons of Anarchy has commonly been called "Hamlet on Harleys".[13] Similar to Hamlet, Jax's father was usurped by his father's SAMCRO "brother", who then married Jax's mother. There are also intermittent hints at an Oedipal complex between Jax and Gemma, reflecting 20th-century interpretations of the relationship between Hamlet and his mother Queen Gertrude. Jax's murder of the innocent Jury in season 7 mirrors Hamlet's murder of the innocent Polonius in that it ultimately leads to his downfall.
Sutter has said of the Shakespeare element, "I don't want to overplay that but it's there. It was Jax's father who started the club, so he's the ghost in the action. You wonder what he would have made of the way it turned out. It's not a version of Hamlet but it's definitely influenced by it."[14] Ron Perlman believes "they’re going to stick to the structure of Hamlet all the way to the end (of the series)."[15]
Numerous episode titles refer to Hamlet including:
Season 1, Episode 9, "Hell Followed". This refers to Act 1, Scene 4 of Hamlet in which Hamlet follows his father's ghost, unsure of whether he comes from hell.
Season 4, Episode 12, "Burnt and Purged Away". This quote is taken from Act I, Scene 5 of Hamlet, in which the ghost of Hamlet's father explains to Hamlet that he is doomed to suffer in Purgatory until he has paid for all of his sins.
Season 4, Episodes 13-14, "To Be, Act 1" and "To Be, Act 2". These refer to the famous To be, or not to be soliloquy.
Season 5, Episode 11, "To Thine Own Self". This quote references Polonius' advice to his son Laertes.
Season 7, Episode 9, "What a Piece of Work Is Man". This refers to Hamlet's What a piece of work is a man speech in Act II, Scene 2.
Season 7, Episode 11, "Suits of Woe". This is from Act 1, Scene 2, "I have that within which passeth show, these but the trappings and the suits of woe."
In the Season 1 premiere, Gemma is shown cleaning Jax's house, and he notes that she is always cleaning. This behavior, combined with her ambitions and (sometimes murderous) machinations, have prompted some reviewers and commentators to liken her to Lady Macbeth.[16][17]
SAMCRO hierarchy[edit]
Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Season 6 Season 7 After Season 7
President Clarence "Clay" Morrow Jackson "Jax" Teller Filip "Chibs" Telford
Vice President Jackson "Jax" Teller Bobby "Elvis" Munson Filip "Chibs" Telford Alex "Tig" Trager
Sgt-at-Arms Alex "Tig" Trager Filip "Chibs" Telford Happy Lowman
Production[edit]
Crew[edit]
The series was created by Kurt Sutter. Sutter was also the showrunner, the series' most prolific writer, and a regular director; he directed each season finale. Sutter had previously worked as an executive producer for the FX series The Shield. The Sons of Anarchy's' other executive producers are father and son team Art Linson and John Linson; Jim Parriott served as an executive producer and writer for the first season only.
Paris Barclay joined Sons of Anarchy as an executive producer in the fourth season, after directing episodes in the first and second season. In addition to serving as Executive Producer in the fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons, Barclay directed three episodes each season, including the season 4 and 5 premieres, the top two highest-rated telecasts in the history of FX.[2]
Jack LoGiudice served as a consulting producer and regular writer for the first season. He became co-executive producer for the second season, then left the series to work on The Walking Dead.
Dave Erickson also worked as a consulting producer for the first and second seasons, and then took over as co-executive producer for the third season. The series' other regular writers are supervising producer Chris Collins and co-producer Regina Corrado. Shawn Rutherford joined as consulting producer for seasons 6 and 7.
Sutter drew regular directors from The Shield including Stephen Kay, Gwyneth Horder-Payton, Guy Ferland, and Billy Gierhart.
Filming[edit]
Although Sons of Anarchy is set in Northern California's Central Valley (with some scenes in the Bay Area), it was filmed primarily at Occidental Studios Stage 5A in North Hollywood. Main sets located there included the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital, and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff doubled as the Charming police station. External scenes were often filmed nearby in Sun Valley and Tujunga.[18] Interior and exterior scenes set in Northern Ireland during season 3 were also filmed at Occidental Studios and surrounding areas. A second unit shot footage in Northern Ireland used in the third season.[19]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Sons of Anarchy episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Viewers
(in millions)
First aired
Last aired
1 13 September 3, 2008 (2008-09-03) November 26, 2008 (2008-11-26) 2.21[20]
2 13 September 8, 2009 (2009-09-08) December 1, 2009 (2009-12-01) 3.67[21]
3 13 September 7, 2010 (2010-09-07) November 30, 2010 (2010-11-30) N/A
4 14 September 6, 2011 (2011-09-06) December 6, 2011 (2011-12-06) 5.45[22]
5 13 September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11) December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04) N/A
6 13 September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10) December 10, 2013 (2013-12-10) 7.48[23]
7 13 September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09) December 9, 2014 (2014-12-09) 4.60
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
Metacritic ratings per season
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Season 7
Rating
68[24] 86[25] 84[26] 81[27] 72[28] 74[29] 68[30]
Sons of Anarchy has received very favorable reviews over the course of its run, with many singling out Katey Sagal's performance. On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the first season scored 68/100, the second season scored 86/100, the third season scored 84/100, the fourth season scored 81/100, the fifth season scored 72/100 and the 6th season scored 74/100.[31][32][33][34]
In 2013, a collection of essays on the series was published.[35]
Season one[edit]
Members of the cast during a USO visit to Kuwait
The first season received positive reviews from industry critics. It scored a 68 on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe said the first season had "real potential".[36] The New York Times’ Gina Bellafante spoke highly of the cast's acting ability, particularly Sagal’s portrayal of Gemma. Brian Lowry of Variety gave a mixed review, admiring Sutter’s creation of the club and the town of Charming but observing the early episodes lacked direction.[37]
Season two[edit]
The second season saw a substantial increase in positive reviews. Writing for Chicago Tribune, Maureen Ryan called the second season "engrossing". She elaborated that "the pacing is better [and] the plotting is tighter" and commends Sagal and Perlman for their performances.[38] Variety’s Stuart Levine stated that the new season was "compelling"; he also complimented the acting skill of Perlman, Sagal, Hunnam and Siff.[39] James Poniewozik of TIME called Sagal's performance "devastatingly powerful" and named the series on his list of Top 10 Shows of 2009.[40]
Season three[edit]
Some critics felt the third season was dragged down by the previous season's cliffhanger.[41][42] James Poniewozik of TIME called the season three premiere "breathtaking" and praised Sagal’s performance with Holbrook.[43] He later stated that Abel's disappearance helped return the show to its central problem: Jax's allegiance to the club.[44] Entertainment Weekly’s Ken Tucker agreed that Holbrook and Sagal’s scenes were "beautiful". He also commented that the series handled themes of loyalty and family especially well.[45] Maureen Ryan commented that the third season divided critics and fans alike, suggesting the expanded Belfast cast made it harder for the audience to invest in the characters' journeys.[46] Ryan later questioned the credibility of Hector Salazar's story, noting that he was inferior to other villainous characters such as Stahl, Zobelle and Weston. However, she praised Ally Walker's performance, comparing her character to The Shield's Vic Mackey.[47] Critic Alan Sepinwall said the season was "interesting but uneven", noting that the plot gained traction in later episodes.[48][49] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter said "Sutter should be applauded for shaking things up", calling the slower pace a "creative necessity".[50]
Season four[edit]
Alan Sepinwall stated that the fourth season risked predictability by returning to a successful formula of storytelling, but he nonetheless preferred those episodes to those of season three.[51] Maureen Ryan reviewed the fourth season positively. She praised the addition of Lincoln Potter (played by Ray McKinnon), comparing the character's quality to that of Breaking Bad's antagonist, Gustavo Fring.[52] The A.V. Club called the fourth season more "focused" and "operatic". A.V. Club reviewer Zack Handlen was fond of the season but felt disappointed with the finale, saying it featured a "lousy case of dictated convenience, of an arbitrary and unbelievable reveal used to shift characters around to where the writers want them to be for next season, as opposed to where they might land organically." However, the review did praise Charlie Hunnam's performance in the finale.[53][54] TIME said the fourth season was the strongest since season two, but the show needed to end sooner rather than later. TIME also agreed that the finale's contrivances were sometimes too visible, stating "it's the principle: you can only turn up alive at your own funeral so many times before it starts to lose its impact."[55]
Season five[edit]
Season five received favorable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic.[56] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the series by calling it a "richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy". The series had a rating of 8.6/10 on the review site IMDB.
Season six[edit]
Season six received generally favorable reviews and scored a 74 out of 100 on Metacritic.
Season seven[edit]
Season seven received generally favorable reviews and scored a 68 out of 100 on Metacritic.
Ratings[edit]
The seventh season's premiere on September 9, 2014 received the highest ratings in the series' history. The episode was watched by 6.20 million viewers.
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
Premiered
Ended
Average viewers
(in millions)
Date
Premiere viewers
(in millions)
Date
Finale viewers
(in millions)
Season 1 Wednesday 10:00 pm 13 September 3, 2008 November 26, 2008 2.21[57] 2.2[58]
Season 2 Tuesday 10:00 pm 13 September 8, 2009 4.29[59] December 1, 2009 4.33[59]
Season 3 13 September 7, 2010 4.13[59] November 30, 2010 3.6[60] 3.23[61]
Season 4 14 September 6, 2011 4.94[62] December 6, 2011 4.24[63]
Season 5 13 September 11, 2012 5.37[64] December 4, 2012 4.66[65] 4.40[66]
Season 6 13 September 10, 2013 5.87[64] December 10, 2013 5.17[67] 4.60[68]
Season 7 13 September 9, 2014 6.20 December 9, 2014 6.40[69] 4.45
Awards and nominations[edit]
Sons of Anarchy was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Drama at the 2010 TCA Awards.[70] Katey Sagal received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series (Drama) at the 68th Golden Globe Awards for her role in the third season.[70] She also received a nomination for a 2010 Satellite Award in the category of Best Actress – Television Series (Drama), as well as a TCA nomination for the Individual Achievement in Drama.[70] Sons of Anarchy (Season 5) received a Screen Crush Award for having the best TV series in 2012. Also in 2012, Paris Barclay was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Direction in a Drama Series for his direction of the Season 4 Premiere "Out". In 2013, Rockmond Dunbar won an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Sheriff Eli Roosevelt. For the 5th Critics' Choice Television Awards, Charlie Hunnam received a nomination for Best Actor in a Drama Series and Walton Goggins received a nomination for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series for the seventh season.[71]
Music[edit]
Soundtracks[edit]
Further information: Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4
Three EP soundtracks have been released by 20th Century Fox Records, on iTunes, featuring songs from each series. The first five-song EP, entitled Sons of Anarchy: North Country – EP, was released on September 8, 2009 and featured the full version of the Emmy Award nominated[72] theme song "This Life".[73] A second five-song EP, entitled Sons of Anarchy: Shelter – EP, was released on November 24, 2009 while a third six-song EP, entitled Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone - EP, was released on November 23, 2010.
In November 2011, selected highlights from the EPs and new tracks were released in Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4, followed up by Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 released in November 2012, Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3 released in December 2013, and Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 4 released in February 2015.
[show]Sons of Anarchy: North Country – EP
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length
1. "This Life" Curtis Stigers, Dave Kushner, Bob Thiele Jr., Kurt Sutter Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers 2:22
2. "Slip Kid" Pete Townshend Anvil and Franky Perez 3:49
3. "John the Revelator" Traditional Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers 5:34
4. "Forever Young" Bob Dylan Audra Mae & The Forest Rangers 3:13
5. "Girl from the North Country" Dylan Lions 4:11
[show]Sons of Anarchy: Shelter – EP
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length
1. "Ruby Tuesday" Jagger/Richards Katey Sagal 3:23
2. "Fortunate Son" John Fogerty Lyle Workman & The Forest Rangers 3:26
3. "Someday Never Comes" Fogerty Billy Valentine & The Forest Rangers 4:06
4. "Burn This Town" Matt Drenik Battleme 3:13
5. "Gimme Shelter" Jagger/Richards Paul Brady & The Forest Rangers 4:53
[show]Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone - EP
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length
1. "No Milk Today" Graham Gouldman Joshua James & The Forest Rangers 4:01
2. "Bird on the Wire" Leonard Cohen Katey Sagal & The Forest Rangers 5:05
3. "Travelin' Band" Fogerty Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers 2:18
4. "Miles Away" Paul Taylor The Forest Rangers feat. Battleme & Slash 4:49
5. "Hey Hey, My My" Neil Young, Jeff Blackburn Battleme 2:52
6. "This Life" (Celtic Remix) Stigers, Kushner, Thiele Jr., Sutter Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers 0:39
Other music[edit]
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Other notable songs featured in the series include:
"David" by Noah Gundersen[when?]
"Writings on The Wall" by The Album Leaf (In Series Premiere)
"Ålesund" by Sun Kil Moon[when?]
Bobby's Elvis covers
Katey Sagal cover version of "Son of a Preacher Man"[when?]
"Hard Row" by the Black Keys (featured in the Pilot episode); the music of the Black Keys often features in the series
"Plenty Strong and Plenty Wrong" by Maylene and the Sons of Disaster on the radio in the pilot episode
"Can't Get Used to Losing You" by Andy Williams[when?]
a cover of "Forever Young" by Audra Mae[when?]
"Mongoose" by Fu Manchu[when?]
"Burn This Town" by Battleme[when?]
"Johnny, I Hardly Knew Ya" by Dropkick Murphys[when?]
"Comin Home" by Murder by Death[when?]
"Hell" by The Upsidedown[when?]
"Power Player" by Clutch[when?]
"Railroad Cancellation" by Don Caballero[when?]
"Dolphin Center" by The Donkeys[when?]
"Stop" by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club[when?]
"Hands in the Sky" by Straylight Run[when?]
"People, Turn Around" by Delta Spirit[when?]
"Ashes to Ashes" by Tarbox Ramblers[when?]
The blues song "John the Revelator" by Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers[when?]
Several Monster Magnet songs are used, including "Monolithic" by Monster Magnet (from Monolithic Baby!)[when?]
Another notable song is a cover of Alice Cooper's "I'm Eighteen" by a teenage band at the end of the episode "Giving Back"[when?]
The trailer for the 2009 season featured "Son's Gonna Rise" by Citizen Cope.
In Season 2:
"Radiation Day" from Monolithic Baby![when?]
"Slut Machine" from Monolithic Baby![when?]
"Freeze and Pixelate" from 4-Way Diablo[when?]
"Lot Lizard" by the band The Glasspack[when?]
In Season 3:
"Dad's Gonna Kill Me" by Richard Thompson from Sweet Warrior used on the closing montage of Season Three Episode One.
"100 Million Miles" (from Mastermind) appears late into season three[when?]
In the final episode of season three, "Get It On" by Turbonegro was used during the Russian chase scene in the Season 3 finale
In 2011:
"Dani California" by Red Hot Chili Peppers was used as a promo song for season 4
Episodes 5 and 8 included music from the Belgian band The Black Box Revelation[which?]
Episode 7 featured the song "Machine Gun Blues" by Social Distortion
"I'm So Tired" by Boo Boo Davis, in November 22, 2011 episode
"David" from Noah Gundersen's Family, in the confrontation between Opie and Clay, with the line "I want to kill me a giant man", in November 22, 2011 episode
"To Be, Act 1" contained:
"Burn It Down" by Awolnation, during the interstate chase from Oakland back to Charming
Season 6 features:
"The Mark Has Been Made" by Nine Inch Nails, the Season 6 promo
"Mind Your Manners" by Pearl Jam, in the sixth-season episode "Salvage"
Season 7 promo trailers have two prominent tracks:
"Bullet The Blue Sky" by Irish band U2
"Jungle" by Jamie N Commons and X Ambassadors
Other media[edit]
Comic book[edit]
In 2013, Boom! Studios began publishing a Sons of Anarchy comic book. As of September 2015, 25 issues have been published.[74] Issue 25 is the final issue. A new comic book prequel, Sons of Anarchy: Redwood Original, was released on August 3, 2016.
Novel series[edit]
Sons of Anarchy: Bratva, the first in a planned series of SOA novels to be written by Christopher Golden, was published in 2014.[75]
Potential prequel[edit]
A prequel series, detailing the origin of the club, is planned. Sutter stated in an August 2014 interview that the prequel would focus on the "First 9" members of the club and be set around the time of the Vietnam War. He added that the prequel would likely consist of a miniseries or "maybe 10 episodes or two 8 episodes seasons". At the conclusion of the prequel, Sutter plans to release John Teller's manuscript, titled The Life and Death of SAMCRO.[76]
Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect[edit]
Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect was an episodic adventure video game developed by Silverback Games and published by Orpheus Interactive.[77][78] The game was originally slated to have ten episodes and to be released on Microsoft Windows, OS X, iOS, and Android.[79] The first episode was released on February 1, 2015 for iOS only, and was met with mixed reviews.[80] but has not seen an update since, and, although a season pass is being offered, no further episode was ever released.[81] On April 7, 2016, refunds were issued to everyone who purchased the game or the season pass, and the game had been removed from the App Store.[78]
Despite the apparent cancellation and refunds, the game's publisher has not officially said anything about the development state of the nine unreleased episodes. Silverback Games has distanced themselves from the project, claiming to be "just a consultant" and having no knowledge of the state of the game or of Orpheus Interactive.[82]
A Sons of Anarchy game was originally planned to be developed by a studio of Rockstar Games for PC and console platforms,[83] but was canceled shortly after in 2012.[84] Another video game based on Sons of Anarchy was announced in February 2014,[85] confirmed for mobile platforms in August,[86] and the name Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect revealed in December of that year.[87] The game was set to have never-before seen graphics for mobile devices,[88] but failed to deliver those when the first episode was launched on February 1, 2015.[89]
Spin-off[edit]
As of May 11, 2016, a spin-off series is in the works titled Mayans MC.[90] The pilot will begin shooting in March, directed by Sutter from a script he co-wrote with Elgin James.[91] On February 13, 2017, Edward James Olmos will star as Felipe Reyes, the once strong Mexican patriarch and EZ’s father.[92]
Broadcast[edit]
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Sons of Anarchy premiered in Australia on the Showcase in 2009 while in New Zealand it appeared on TV3 on October 20, 2010 and it has been announced it is moving to the Box. The show premiered in the UK on 5 USA in 2009, before being dropped after the sixth season. The show will air in its entirety on Spike from April 2015.[93] In the Republic of Ireland, the show aired on RTÉ Two from 2009. It premiered in Canada on Super Channel October 20, 2008. In India, season 6 is airing from September 26, 2013, only on Star World Premiere.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "A modern-day Western... on two wheels". Daily Mirror. March 6, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (September 12, 2012). "'Sons Of Anarchy' Season 5 Premiere Hits Series High, To Become FX’s No. 1 Telecast". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sperling, Lindsay (July 24, 2013). "Sons of Anarchy Still Riding Into The Sunset After Season 7". We Got This Covered. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Rose, Lacey (February 3, 2012). "'Sons of Anarchy' Renewed for Two Seasons, Creator Kurt Sutter Inks First Overall Deal (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Talarico, Brittany (November 13, 2013). "Sons of Anarchy's Kurt Sutter Says 'Discussions Are Happening' About Spinoff". People.com. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sons of Anarchy Spinoff Now Officially Being Developed
Jump up ^ Gallagher, Danny (September 8, 2009). "Sons of Anarchy: Albification (season premiere)". TVSquad.com. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Obenson, Tambay A. "Malcolm-Jamal Warner Joins Cast of 'Sons of Anarchy" Final Season". Indiewire. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Clubhouse 360: Plaques Overlay". Fxnetworks.com. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "FX Gets Forever SAMCRO". MovieWeb.com. October 9, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ "FX Greenlights Forever Sam Crow". thetvremote.com. October 10, 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Clubhouse 360 – Framed Vets Popup". Fxnetworks.com. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ TV Review: SONS OF ANARCHY 5.2 “Authority Vested” | Birth.Movies.Death
Jump up ^ Watson, Keith (May 7, 2009). "It all goes hell for leather in Sons Of Anarchy". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt (August 31, 2008). "Ron Perlman Interview – SONS OF ANARCHY". Collider.com. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ornos, Riza (January 20, 2014). "'Sons of Anarchy’s' Katey Sagal: The Truth About Gemma Teller". IB Times.
Jump up ^ Friedman, (September 7, 2013). "Katey Sagal rides high as motorcycle mama in sixth season for FX's 'Sons of Anarchy'". Daily News. New York.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Filming Locations". Internet Movie Database.
Jump up ^ "First pictures Sons of Anarchy". Chicago Tribune. June 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "FX Orders A 3rd Season Of Sons Of Anarchy". Seat42f. 3 December 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "FX Orders A 3rd Season Of Sons Of Anarchy". Seat42f. 3 December 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: FX Orders Extra Season Four Episode". tvseriesfinale.com. November 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 17, 2014). "FX Announces 7th and Final Season of 'Sons of Anarchy' to Premiere September 9th" (Press release). TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: Season 4". Metacritic. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: Season 5". Metacritic. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: Season 6". Metacritic. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: Season 7". Metacritic. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – Season 1 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – Season 2 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – Season 3 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – Season 4 reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dunn, George A.; Eberl, Jason T., eds. (2014). Sons of Anarchy and Philosophy: Brains Before Bullets. Wiley-Blackwell.
Jump up ^ "Biker Gang Saga Anarchy, has Sopranos Appeal". Boston Globe.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (August 29, 2008). "Sons of Anarchy". Variety.
Jump up ^ "'Sons of Anarchy' revs up the pace in its compelling new season". Chicago Tribune. September 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ Levine, Stuart (September 4, 2009). "Sons of Anarchy Season 2". Variety.
Jump up ^ "The Top 10 Everything of 2009". TIME. December 8, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy's Battle for Control". Pop Matters. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – "NS" review". AV Club. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "TV Tonight: Sons of Anarchy restarts its engines". TIME. September 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy, Bainne: Blood Begets Blood". TIME. November 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy 2010". Entertainment Weekly. September 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Season 3 Episode 9". TV Squad.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Season 3 Episode 12". TV Squad.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Lochan Mor, SAMCRO Vs. SAMBel". Hit Fix.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Firinne, Sins of the Sons". Hit Fix.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Tim (December 20, 2010). "Top 18 Tv Shows of 2010". Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ "Review: FX's Sons of Anarchy on familiar ground for season four". Hitfix.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy Season 4 Recap". AOL TV. Archived from the original on 2011-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy – To Be, Act 2". AV Club. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Best TV of 2011". The A.V. Club. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Review of Sons of Anarchy season 4 finale". Time Magazine. December 7, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy - Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "FX Orders A 3rd Season Of Sons Of Anarchy". Seat42f. December 3, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ "How "Sons Of Anarchy" Became Huge". BuzzFeed. October 11, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Updated: 'Sons of Anarchy' Ratings Rev Strong, But a Little Lower in Season Premiere". TV by the Numbers. September 8, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Third Season Finale of "Sons of Anarchy" Delivers 3.6 Million Total Viewers". The Futon Critic. December 1, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hog Heaven: ‘Sons of Anarchy’ Gets Record Ratings, Third Season". The Wrap. December 2, 2009. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Sons Of Anarchy' Season 4 Premiere Most-Watched Episode Ever For The Series With 4.94 Million Total Viewers and 3.22 Million Adults 18-49". TV by the Numbers. September 7, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: FX Orders Extra Season Four Episode.". tvseriesfinale.com. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "FX’s ‘Sons Of Anarchy’ Season 6 Premiere Hits Series High". Deadline. September 11, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (December 5, 2012). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, + 'Storage Wars', 'Tosh.0', 'Ink Masters', '25 Days of Christmas', 'Rizzoli & Isles' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sons of Anarchy: Season Six Ratings". TV Series Finale. November 20, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (December 11, 2013). "Tuesday Cable Ratings: 'Sons of Anarchy' Wins Night, 'After Anarchy', 'Moonshiners', 'Awkward', 'Tosh.0' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ 'Sons of Anarchy' Season 6 Finale Was the Most-Watched Finale in the History of the Show
Jump up ^ 'Sons of Anarchy' Rides to Ratings Records at FX
^ Jump up to: a b c Sons of Anarchy - Awards - IMDb
Jump up ^ "Justified, Broad City, Empire, Mom, 24, Jane The Virgin, Transparent Lead the 2015 Critics Choice Nominations". Team TVLine. May 6, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Burlingame, Jon (July 16, 2009). "Emmy Music Nominations Announced". The Film Music Society.
Jump up ^ "ANVIL, SCARS ON BROADWAY Guitarist Cover THE WHO For 'Sons Of Anarchy' EP". Blabbermouth.net. August 30, 2009. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "SONS OF ANARCHY REDWOOD ORIGINAL - BOOM! Studios - Come Innovate With Us.". shop.boom-studios.com. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
Jump up ^ Golden, Christopher (2014). Sons of Anarchy: Bratva. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9781250060839.
Jump up ^ "Kurt Sutter Teases Sons of Anarchy Prequel Miniseries and Book". Nerd Core Movement.
Jump up ^ Nunneley, Stephany (January 10, 2015). "Here's your first look at Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect". VG247. Videogaming247. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Renaudin, Clement (April 7, 2016). "Apple issues refunds for Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect, future episodes seemingly cancelled". PocketGamer. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Good, Owen S. (February 1, 2015). "The Sons of Anarchy video game's first episode is available". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chris (February 3, 2015). "Review: Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect: Episode One". Destructoid. ModernMethod. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chris (August 10, 2015). "What the hell happened to the episodic Sons of Anarchy game released back in January?". Destructoid. ModernMethod. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chris (April 7, 2016). "One year later, the Sons of Anarchy game may have been a scam". Destructoid. ModernMethod. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dunn, Jeff (October 31, 2012). "Sons of Anarchy creator asks Rockstar to develop game". VG247. Videogaming247. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cook, Dave (November 1, 2012). "Sons of Anarchy game is "dead", states series creator". VG247. Videogaming247. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hillier, Brenna (February 12, 2015). "Sons of Anarchy game "definitely" happening, is the "evolution of gaming"". VG247. Videogaming247. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Good, Owen S. (August 26, 2014). "The Sons of Anarchy video game will be on tablets, not consoles". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hillier, Brenna (December 8, 2014). "Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect headed to mobiles next year". VG247. Videogaming247. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Good, Owen S. (December 8, 2014). "Sons of Anarchy will live on with 'The Prospect' on mobile devices". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Christiansen, Tom (February 3, 2015). "Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect Episode 1 Review – A Rough Ride". Gamezebo. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "‘Sons Of Anarchy’ Mayans Spinoff At FX Gets Script Order & Title; Elgin James Joins Kurt Sutter As Co-Creator". Deadline.com. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Schwindt, Oriana. "‘Sons of Anarchy’ Spinoff Pilot Ordered at FX, ‘Mayans MC’ Will Shoot in March". Variety.com. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (2017-02-13). "‘‘Mayans MC’: Edward James Olmos Cast In ‘Sons Of Anarchy’ Spinoff Pilot At FX". Deadline. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
Jump up ^ Munn, Patrick (March 26, 2015). "VIMN To Launch Spike UK on April 15th; Picks Up UK Rights to Olympus, Justified, Sons & Anarchy and More". TVWise. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
External links[edit]
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