text:
Sense of balance
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Balance skill development in children
Balance training
Sense of balance or equilibrioception is one of the physiological senses related to balance. It helps prevent humans and animals from falling over when standing or moving. Balance is the result of a number of body systems working together: the eyes (visual system), ears (vestibular system) and the body's sense of where it is in space (proprioception) ideally need to be intact. The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. This is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The balance system works with the visual and skeletal systems (the muscles and joints and their sensors) to maintain orientation or balance. Visual signals sent to the brain about the body's position in relation to its surroundings are processed by the brain and compared to information from the vestibular, visual and skeletal systems.
Contents
[hide]
1 Vestibular system
2 Dysfunction
3 System overview
3.1 Mechanical
3.2 Neural
4 Other animals
5 In plants
5.1 Training devices
6 References
7 External links
Vestibular system[edit]
Main article: Vestibular system
Diagram of vestibular system
In the vestibular system, equilibrioception is determined by the level of a fluid called endolymph in the labyrinth, a complex set of tubing in the inner ear.
Dysfunction[edit]
Main article: Balance disorder
This figure shows nerve activity associated with rotational-induced physiologic nystagmus and spontaneous nystagmus resulting from a lesion of one labyrinth. Thin straight arrows - direction of slow components; thick straight arrows - direction of fast components; curved arrows - direction of endolymph flow in the horizontal semicircular canals: AC - anterior canal, PC - posterior canal, HC - horizontal canal.
When the sense of balance is interrupted it causes dizziness, disorientation and nausea. Balance can be upset by Ménière's disease, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, an inner ear infection, by a bad common cold affecting the head or a number of other medical conditions including but not limited to vertigo. It can also be temporarily disturbed by quick or prolonged acceleration, for example riding on a merry-go-round. Blows can also affect equilibrioreception, especially those to the side of the head or directly to the ear.
Most astronauts find that their sense of balance is impaired when in orbit because they are in a constant state of weightlessness. This causes a form of motion sickness called space adaptation syndrome.
System overview[edit]
This diagram linearly (unless otherwise mentioned) tracks the projections of all known structures that allow for balance and acceleration to their relevant endpoints in the human brain.
This overview also explains acceleration as its processes are interconnected with balance.
Mechanical[edit]
There are 5 sensory organs innervated by the vestibular nerve; 3 semicircular canals (HSCC, SSCC, PSCC) and 2 otolith organs. Each semicircular canal (SSC) is a thin tube that thickens briefly (2x thin diameter), at a point called osseous ampullae. At their center-base each contains an ampullary cupula. The cupula is a gelatin bulb connected to stereocilia, affected by the relative movement of the endolymph it is bathed in. Since the cupula is part of the bony labyrinth it rotates along with actual head movement unable to cause stimulation by itself; that is, if endolymph was not present, movement could not be detected. Endolymph follows the rotation of the canal, however, due to inertia lags behind initially, which bends and activates the cupula. After any extended rotation the endolymph catches up to the canal and the cupula returns to its upright position and resets. When extended rotation ceases, however, endolymph continues, (due to inertia) which bends and activates the cupula.
Pilots doing long banked turns begin to feel upright (no longer turning) as endolymph matches canal rotation; once the pilot exits the turn the cupula is once again stimulated, causing the feeling of turning the other way, rather than flying straight and level.
Stereocilia bend causing chemical reactions in the crita ampullaris they surround (critae are at cilia tips); this reaction creates an action potential carried by the vestibular nerve.
The HSCC handles head rotations about a vertical axis (the neck), SSCC handles head movement about a lateral axis, PSCC handles head rotation about a rostral-caudal axis. E.g. HSCC: looking side to side; SSCC: head to shoulder; PSCC: nodding. SCC sends adaptive signals, unlike the otolith organs whose signals does not adapt over time.
A shift in the otolithic membrane that stimulates the cilia is considered the state of the body until the cilia are once again stimulated. E.g. lying down stimulates cilia and standing up stimulates cilia, however, for the time spent lying the signal that you are lying remains active, even though the membrane resets.
Otolithic organs have a thick, heavy gelatin membrane that, due to inertia (like endolymph), lags behind and continues ahead past the macula it overlays, bending and activating the contained cilia.
Utricle responds to linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane (head to shoulder), whereas saccule responds to linear accelerations and head-tilts in the vertical plane (up and down). Otolithic organs update the brain on the head-location when not moving; SCC update during movement.[1][2][3][4]
Kinocilium are the longest stereocilia and are positioned (one per 40-70 regular cilia) in the center of the bundle. If stereocilia go towards kinocilium depolarization occurs causing more neurotransmitter, and more vestibular nerve firings as compared to when stereocilia tilt away from kinocilium (hyperpolarization, less neurotransmitter, less firing).[5][6]
Neural[edit]
First order vestibular nuclei (VN) project to IVN, MVN, and SVN.
The inferior cerebellar peduncle is the largest center through which balance info passes. It is the area of integration between proprioceptive, and vestibular inputs to aid in unconscious maintenance of balance and posture.
Inferior olive aids in complex motor tasks by encoding coordinating timing sensory info; this is decoded and acted upon in the cerebellum.[7]
Cerebellar vermis has 3 main parts: vestibulocerebellum (eye movements regulated by the integration of visual info provided by the superior colliculus and balance info), spinocerebellum [integrates visual, auditory, proprioceptive, and balance info to act out body and limb movements. Trigeminal and dorsal column (of spinal cord) proprioceptive input, midbrain, thalamus, reticular formation and vestibular nuclei (medulla) outputs], and cerebrocerebellum (plans, times, and initiates movement after evaluating sensory input from, primarily, motor cortex areas, via pons and cerebellar dentate nucleus. It outputs to thalamus, motor cortex areas, and red nucleus).[8][9][10]
Flocculonodular lobe is a cerebellar lobe that helps maintain body equilibrium by modifying muscle tone (continuous and passive muscle contractions).
MVN and IVN are in the medulla, LVN and SVN are smaller and in pons. SVN, MVN, and IVN ascend within medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). LVN descend the spinal cord within the lateral vestibulospinal tract and end at sacrum. MVN also descend the spinal cord, within the medial vestibulospinal tract, ending at lumbar 1.[11][12]
Thalamic reticular nucleus distributes info to various other thalamic nuclei, regulating the flow of info. It is speculatively able to stop signals, ending transmission of unimportant info. The thalamus relays info between pons (cerebellum link), motor cortices, and insula.
Insula is also heavily connected to motor cortices; insula is likely where balance is likely brought into perception.
The oculomotor nuclear complex refers to fibers going to tegmentum (eye movement), red nucleus (gait (natural limb movement)), substantia nigra (reward), and cerebral peduncle (motor relay). Nucleus of Cajal are one of the named oculomotor nuclei, they are involved in eye movements and reflex gaze coordination.[13][14]
Abducens solely innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, moving the eye with trochlear. Trochlear solely innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye. Together, trochlear and abducens contract and relax to simultaneously direct the pupil towards an angle and depress the globe on the opposite side of the eye (e.g. looking down directs the pupil down and depresses (towards the brain) the top of the globe). The pupil is not only directed but often rotated by these muscles. (See visual system)
The thalamus and superior colliculus are connected via lateral geniculate nucleus. Superior colliculus (SC) is the topographical map for balance and quick orienting movements with primarily visual inputs. SC integrates multiple senses.[15][16]
Illustration of the flow of fluid in the ear, which in turn causes displacement of the top portion of the hair cells that are embedded in the jelly-like cupula. Also shows the utricle and saccule organs that are responsible for detecting linear acceleration, or movement in a straight line.
Other animals[edit]
Some animals have better equilibrioception than humans, for example a cat uses its inner ear and tail to walk on a thin fence.[17]
Equilibrioception in many marine animals is done with an entirely different organ, the statocyst, which detects the position of tiny calcareous stones to determine which way is "up".
In plants[edit]
Main article: Gravitropism
Plants could be said to exhibit a form of equilibrioception, in that when rotated from their normal attitude the stems grow in the direction that is upward (away from gravity) while their roots grow downward (in the direction of gravity) this phenomenon is known as Gravitropism and it has been shown that for instance Poplar stems can detect reorientation and inclination.[18]
Balance disorder
Broken escalator phenomenon
Dizziness
Ernst Mach
Ideomotor phenomenon
Illusions of self-motion
Motion sickness
Proprioception
Seasickness
Spatial disorientation
Vertigo
Training devices[edit]
Balance ball
Balance board
Balance bicycle
BOSU
Slackline
Tight rope
Unicycle
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Albertine, Kurt. Barron’s Anatomy Flash Cards
Jump up ^ "How Does Our Sense of Balance Work?" How Does Our Sense of Balance Work?U.S. National Library of Medicine, 12 Jan. 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ "Semicircular Canals." Semicircular Canals Function, Definition & Anatomy. Healthline Medical Team, 26 Jan. 2015. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Tillotson, Joanne. McCann, Stephanie. Kaplan’s Medical Flashcards. Apr. 02. 2013.
Jump up ^ Spoor, Fred, and Theodore Garland, Jr. "The Primate Semicircular Canal System and Locomotion." The Primate Semicircular Canal System and Locomotion. 8 May 2007. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Sobkowicz, H. M., and S. M. Slapnick. "The Kinocilium of Auditory Hair Cells and Evidence for Its Morphogenet." Ic Role during the Regeneration of Stereocilia and Cuticular Plates. Sept. 1995. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Mathy, Alexandre, and Sara S.N. Ho. "Encoding of Oscillations by Axonal Bursts in Inferior Olive Neurons." Science Direct. 14 May 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Chen, S.H. Annabel, and John E. Desmond. "Cerebrocerebellar Networks during Articulatory Rehearsal and Verbal Working Memory Tasks." Science Direct. 15 Jan. 2005. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Barmack, Neil H. "Central Vestibular System: Vestibular Nuclei and Posterior Cerebellum." Science Direct. 15 June 2003. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Akiyama, K., and S. Takazawa. "Bilateral Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Infarction Caused by Traumatic Vertebral Artery Dissection." JNeurosci. 01 Mar. 2001. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Gdowski, Greg T., and Robert A. McCrea. "Integration of Vestibular and Head Movement Signals in the Vestibular Nuclei During Whole-Body Rotation."ARTICLES. 01 July 1999. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Roy, Jefferson E., and Kathleen E. Cullen. "Dissociating Self-Generated from Passively Applied Head Motion: Neural Mechanisms in the Vestibular Nuclei." JNeurosci. 3 Mar. 2004. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Takagi, Mineo, and David S. Zee. "Effects of Lesions of the Oculomotor Cerebellar Vermis on Eye Movements in Primate: Smooth Pursuit." ARTICLES. 01 Apr. 2000. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Klier, Eliana M., and Hongying Wang. "Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal Encodes Three-Dimensional Head Orientations in Fick-Like Coordinates." ARTICLES. 01 Jan. 2007. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ May, Paul J. "The Mammalian Superior Colliculus: Laminar Structure and Connections." Science Direct. 2006. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ Corneil, Brian D., and Etienne Olivier. "Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior Colliculus. I. Topography and Manipulation of Stimulation Parameters." ARTICLES. 01 Oct. 2002. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.
Jump up ^ "Equilibrioception". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Azri, W.; Chambon, C.; Herbette, S. P.; Brunel, N.; Coutand, C.; Leplé, J. C.; Ben Rejeb, I.; Ammar, .; Julien, J. L.; Roeckel-Drevet, P. (2009). "Proteome analysis of apical and basal regions of poplar stems under gravitropic stimulation". Physiologia Plantarum. 136 (2): 193–208. PMID 19453506. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01230.x.
External links[edit]
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text:
God Defend New Zealand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
God Defend New Zealand
Woods' original manuscript setting Bracken's poem to music[1]
National anthem of New Zealand
Also known as
"Aotearoa" (Māori version)
English: "New Zealand"
Lyrics
Thomas Bracken, 1870s (English)
Music
John Joseph Woods, 1876
Adopted
1940 (as national hymn)
1977 (as national anthem)
Audio sample
"God Defend New Zealand" (instrumental)
file
help
v
t
e
"God Defend New Zealand" (Māori: "Aotearoa", lit. 'New Zealand') is one of two national anthems of New Zealand, the other being "God Save the Queen". Legally the two have equal status, but "God Defend New Zealand" is more commonly used. Originally written as a poem, it was set to music as part of a competition in 1876. Over the years its popularity increased, and it was eventually named the second national anthem in 1977. The anthem has English and Māori lyrics, with slightly different meanings. Since the late 1990s, the usual practice when performed in public is to sing the first verse in both Māori and English.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and performance
2 Protocol
3 Copyright
4 Lyrics
5 Criticism
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History and performance[edit]
Heritage New Zealand blue plaque at the site of the first performance in Dunedin
Original manuscript of words for "God Defend New Zealand" by Thomas Bracken[2]
"God Defend New Zealand" was written as a poem in the 1870s by Irish-born, Victorian-raised immigrant Thomas Bracken of Dunedin.[3] A competition to compose music for the poem was held in 1876 by The Saturday Advertiser and judged by three prominent Melbourne musicians, with a prize of ten guineas.[4] The winner of the competition was the Tasmanian-born John Joseph Woods of Lawrence, New Zealand who composed the melody in a single sitting the evening after finding out about the competition.[5] The song was first performed at the Queen's Theatre, Princes Street, Dunedin, on Christmas Day, 1876.[4] In 1897, Premier Richard Seddon presented a copy of words and music to Queen Victoria.[4]
A Māori version of the song was produced in 1878 by Thomas Henry Smith of Auckland, a judge in the Native Land Court, on request of Governor George Edward Grey.[4] A copy of the Māori lyrics, using Aotearoa for its title, was printed in Otago newspapers in October 1878.[6] In Smith's original text the word "whakarangona" was used to translate 'hear', rather than the modern "whakarongona".[7]
The song became increasingly popular during the 19th century and early 20th century, and in 1940 the New Zealand government bought the copyright and made it New Zealand's 'national hymn' in time for that year's centennial celebrations.[6] It was used at the British Empire Games from 1950 onward, and first used at the Olympics during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.[note 1] Following the performance at the Munich games, a campaign began to have the song adopted as the national anthem.[9]
"God Save the Queen" was New Zealand's sole national anthem until the 1970s.[9] In May 1973 a remit to change the New Zealand flag, declare a New Zealand republic and change the national anthem was voted down by the Labour Party at their national conference.[10] In 1976 Garth Henry Latta from Dunedin presented a petition to Parliament asking "God Defend New Zealand" to be made the national anthem. With the permission of Queen Elizabeth II, it was gazetted as the country's second national anthem on 21 November 1977, on equal standing with "God Save the Queen".[11]
An alternative official arrangement for massed singing by Maxwell Fernie was announced by the Minister of Internal Affairs, Allan Highet on 31 May 1979.[12] Woods' original score was written in the key of A-flat major (concert pitch) and was better suited for solo and choral singing; Fernie's arrangement changed the key down a semitone to G major.
Until the 1990s, only the first verse of the English version was commonly sung. A public debate emerged after only the first Māori verse was sung at the 1999 Rugby World Cup match against England, and it then became common to sing both the Māori and English first verses one after the other.[13]
Protocol[edit]
The Ministry for Culture and Heritage has responsibility for the national anthems.[14] The guidelines in the 1977 Gazette notice for choosing which anthem should be used on any occasion advise that "God Save the Queen" would be appropriate at any occasion where the Queen, a member of the royal family, or the Governor-General, when within New Zealand, is officially present or when loyalty to the Crown is to be stressed; while "God Defend New Zealand" would be appropriate whenever the national identity of New Zealand is to be stressed, even in association with a toast to Elizabeth II as Queen of New Zealand.[11][14]
Copyright[edit]
Copyright on the English lyrics for "God Defend New Zealand" expired from the end of the year that was 50 years after the death of the author (Bracken),[15] i.e., from 1 January 1949. The rights to the musical score passed into the public domain in the 1980s.[6]
Lyrics[edit]
Sheet music for the piece, as now commonly performed
"God Defend New Zealand" has five verses, each in English and Māori. The Māori version is not a direct translation of the English version.
English "God Defend New Zealand"
Māori "Aotearoa"
Māori "Aotearoa" translated
1. God of Nations at Thy feet,
In the bonds of love we meet,
Hear our voices, we entreat,
God defend our free land.
Guard Pacific's triple star
From the shafts of strife and war,
Make her praises heard afar,
God defend New Zealand.

2. Men of every creed and race,
Gather here before Thy face,
Asking Thee to bless this place,
God defend our free land.
From dissension, envy, hate,
And corruption guard our state,
Make our country good and great,
God defend New Zealand.

3. Peace, not war, shall be our boast,
But, should foes assail our coast,
Make us then a mighty host,
God defend our free land.
Lord of battles in Thy might,
Put our enemies to flight,
Let our cause be just and right,
God defend New Zealand.

4. Let our love for Thee increase,
May Thy blessings never cease,
Give us plenty, give us peace,
God defend our free land.
From dishonour and from shame,
Guard our country's spotless name,
Crown her with immortal fame,
God defend New Zealand.

5. May our mountains ever be
Freedom's ramparts on the sea,
Make us faithful unto Thee,
God defend our free land.
Guide her in the nations' van,
Preaching love and truth to man,
Working out Thy glorious plan,
God defend New Zealand.
1. E Ihowā Atua,
O ngā iwi mātou rā
Āta whakarangona;
Me aroha noa
Kia hua ko te pai;
Kia tau tō atawhai;
Manaakitia mai
Aotearoa

2. Ōna mano tāngata
Kiri whero, kiri mā,
Iwi Māori, Pākehā,
Rūpeke katoa,
Nei ka tono ko ngā hē
Māu e whakaahu kē,
Kia ora mārire
Aotearoa

3. Tōna mana kia tū!
Tōna kaha kia ū;
Tōna rongo hei pakū
Ki te ao katoa
Aua rawa ngā whawhai
Ngā tutū e tata mai;
Kia tupu nui ai
Aotearoa

4. Waiho tona takiwā
Ko te ao mārama;
Kia whiti tōna rā
Taiāwhio noa.
Ko te hae me te ngangau
Meinga kia kore kau;
Waiho i te rongo mau
Aotearoa

5. Tōna pai me toitū
Tika rawa, pono pū;
Tōna noho, tāna tū;
Iwi nō Ihowā.
Kaua mōna whakamā;
Kia hau te ingoa;
Kia tū hei tauira;
Aotearoa
1. O Lord, God,
Of all people
Listen to us,
Cherish us
May good flourish,
May your blessings flow
Defend Aotearoa

2. Let all people,
Red skin, white skin
Māori, Pākehā
Gather before you
May all our wrongs, we pray,
Be forgiven
So that we might say long live
Aotearoa

3. May it be forever prestigious,
May it go from strength to strength,
May its fame spread far and wide,
Let not strife
Nor dissention ensue,
May it ever be great
Aotearoa

4. Let its territory
Be ever enlightened
Throughout the land
Let envy and dissension
Be dispelled,
Let peace reign
Over Aotearoa

5. Let its good features endure,
Let righteousness and honesty prevail
Among the people of God
Let it never be ashamed,
But rather, let its name be known
Thereby becoming the model to emulate
Aotearoa
Meaning of "Pacific's triple star"
There is some discussion, with no official explanation, of the meaning of "Pacific's triple star". Unofficial explanations range from New Zealand's three biggest islands (North, South, and Stewart Island),[4] to the three stars on the flag of Te Kooti (a Māori political and religious leader of the 19th century).[16]
Note on "whakarangona"
The original 1878 Māori version uses "whakarangona" (to be heard), the passive form of the verb "whakarongo" (to hear). An alternate passive form of the verb, "whakarongona", first appeared as one of several errors in the Māori version when "God Defend New Zealand" was published as the national hymn in 1940. The latter form of the verb has appeared in many versions of the anthem since this time, although the Ministry of Culture and Heritage continues to use "whakarangona".[7]
Criticism[edit]
Both the lyrics and melody of the anthem have been criticised in some quarters as being dull and irrelevant.[6] Many of the words and concepts have been perceived as antiquated or obscure: for example, "thy", "thee", "ramparts", "assail", and "nation's van".[6] It is also known for being difficult to sing.[12]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ When New Zealand's rowing eight collected their gold medals at the Munich games, the band played "God Defend New Zealand" instead of "God Save the Queen". As it was not yet an anthem, this contravened Olympic rules, and there has been no explanation of why it happened.[6] The crew of the coxed eight standing on the victory dais overcome with emotion and "bawling like babies" is one of New Zealand's most memorable sporting moments.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Inmagic DB/Text WebPublisher PRO: 1 records". www.aucklandcity.govt.nz.
Jump up ^ National hymn, God defend New Zealand. 1876; ID: GNZMS 6, Grey New Zealand manuscripts, Auckland Council
Jump up ^ Broughton, W.S (22 June 2007). "Bracken, Thomas 1843 – 1898". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "National anthems: History of God Defend New Zealand". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "National anthems: John Joseph Woods – composer". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Swarbrick, Nancy (June 2012). "National anthems – New Zealand's anthems". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "National anthems: God Defend New Zealand/Aotearoa". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand's Greatest Olympians – Number 7: The 1972 rowing eight". The New Zealand Herald. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Max Cryer. "Hear Our Voices, We Entreat: The Extraordinary Story of New Zealand's National Anthems". Exisle Publishing. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Jump up ^ John Moody. "Past Attempts to Change New Zealand's Flag" (PDF). New Zealand Flag Association.
^ Jump up to: a b "Announcement of the adoption of national anthems for New Zealand" (PDF). Supplement to the New Zealand Gazette of Thursday, 17 November 1977. 21 November 1977. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "National anthems: Musical score for God Defend New Zealand". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand's national anthems". Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "National anthems: Protocols". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Copyright Act 1994 No 143 (as at 01 March 2017), Public Act Contents". www.legislation.govt.nz. Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Folksong.org.nz. "E Ihowa atua: "Triple Star"".
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
God Defend New Zealand
Wikimedia Commons has media related to God Defend New Zealand.
The story of "God Defend New Zealand" by Tui Kowhai c.1939
"National Anthem in English and Maori". SOUNZ: Centre for New Zealand Music. Retrieved 6 September 2017. </ref>)
National anthems, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage
"God Defend New Zealand" – Audio of the national anthem of New Zealand, with information and lyrics
Page about the national anthem includes a recording by the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra
Arrangement of "God Defend New Zealand" formerly played on New Zealand television at the beginning and close of each day's programming on YouTube
National Anthem performed in sign language, 3 News, 5 May 2011
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New York State of Mind
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with Empire State of Mind.
For the song by Nas, see N.Y. State of Mind.
"New York State of Mind"
Song by Billy Joel
from the album Turnstiles
Released
1976
Recorded
Ultra Sonic Studio in Hempstead, NY
Length
5:58
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Billy Joel
Producer(s)
Billy Joel
"New York State of Mind" is a song written by Billy Joel which initially appeared on the album Turnstiles in 1976. Although it was never a hit song and was never released as a single, it has become a fan favorite and a song that Joel plays regularly in concert.[1] Joel famously played the song at The Concert for New York City, the October 2001 benefit concert for the New York City Fire and Police Departments and the loved ones of families of first responders lost during the terrorist attack on New York City on 9/11. He reprised that theme, playing it during his set at 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief at Madison Square Garden in New York City on December 12, 2012, where he changed lyrics to include the likes of "Breezy Point."
In 2004, it was announced that Joel had agreed to write two children's books for Scholastic, the U.S. publisher. The first book was entitled Goodnight, My Angel (A Lullabye). The second book was entitled New York State of Mind and is illustrated by the artist Izak. The large picture book comes with a CD of the song, the disc is illustrated with a picture of the Empire State Building by Izak.
Contents
[hide]
1 Inspiration
2 Different sax solos
3 Personnel
4 Covers
5 In Popular Culture
5.1 On television shows
5.2 Sports
6 References
7 External links
Inspiration[edit]
Joel wrote the song after returning to the East Coast from Los Angeles, where he had spent the previous three years. In fact, most of Turnstiles deals with Joel's cross-country relocation, including "Say Goodbye to Hollywood", "I've Loved These Days", "Summer, Highland Falls", and "Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)."
The inspiration for the song came from his pride in returning home to New York. Joel was literally "takin' a Greyhound [bus] on the Hudson River Line [route]" when the idea for the song came to him, and the song was written as soon as Joel arrived home.[2]
Different sax solos[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
There are three studio versions of the song. The original version featured Richie Cannata on saxophone and appeared on the original Turnstiles album. Cannata's saxophone part was replaced by a Phil Woods saxophone part on the Greatest Hits Volume I & II album. This new version appeared on the Turnstiles CD reissue in 1998. The Quadrophonic LP release differs from both the original release & Greatest Hits version.
Personnel[edit]
Billy Joel – piano, vocals
Ken Ascher – orchestral arrangements
Richie Cannata – saxophone
Liberty DeVitto – drums
Doug Stegmeyer – bass
Covers[edit]
Since Joel first recorded and released the song in 1976, it has become a pop standard that has been covered by numerous artists, including Barbra Streisand, Lea Michele and Melissa Benoist, Joanna Wang, Elton John, Ramin Karimloo, Shirley Bassey, Oleta Adams, Carmen McRae, Mark-Almond, Diane Schuur, Ben Sidran, Mel Tormé, Frank Sinatra Jr., Adam Pascal, and Tony Bennett.
Bennett and Joel recorded a duet of the song for Bennett's 2001 album Playin' with My Friends: Bennett Sings the Blues and received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 2002 Grammy Awards. The two performed the song on the award telecast that night. They performed the song again at Shea Stadium during Joel's concert in 2008 to commemorate the closing of the stadium.
Joel has also performed duets of the song with Elton John during their collaborative Face-To-Face Tour, with the country singer Garth Brooks during Brooks' Central Park Concert in 1997, and with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band as one of Springsteen's special guests during his performance at the "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 25th Anniversary Concert" at Madison Square Garden in New York City on October 29, 2009.
The song was played in Boston by Emma Stanganelli, most notably in a duet with Billy Joel in Fenway Park during his 2014 tour.[3]
Deana Martin recorded “New York State Of Mind” on her 2016 album Swing Street. [4]
In Popular Culture[edit]
On television shows[edit]
The Muppets' Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem performed the song on episode 2.9 of The Muppet Show featuring Madeline Kahn, for use as a UK spot. Floyd Pepper performed the lead vocals and played his bass guitar, with backup from Zoot on saxophone and Dr. Teeth on piano. They sang it again on the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson episode on April 2, 1979, when Kermit guest hosted the show. It was also recorded by Muppet Rowlf the Dog in 1984 and released on this album Ol' Brown Ears is Back in 1993.
Lea Michele and Melissa Benoist performed the song during the first episode of season 4 of the TV show Glee. It reached twenty-four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.[5]
Audrey Kate Geiger sang a version of "Mind" on ABC's reality singing competition Rising Star in 2014 with 85℅ of the public vote.
Sports[edit]
This song is played after every Rockland Boulders home loss at Palisades Credit Union Park.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Dean, Maury (2003). Rock N' Roll Gold Rush. Algora. p. 309. ISBN 0-87586-207-1.
Jump up ^ Billy Joel interview. YouTube. The Howard Stern Show.
Jump up ^ CBS Local
Jump up ^ "Review - Deana Martin - Swing Street". Music Connection. November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles". Billboard Magazine. 2012-09-29. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
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Cold Spring Harbor
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Streetlife Serenade
Turnstiles
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The Ultimate Collection
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Piano Man: The Very Best of Billy Joel
My Lives
The Hits
Singles
"She's Got a Way"
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"You're My Home"
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"Don't Ask Me Why"
"Sometimes a Fantasy"
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"She's Got a Way" (Live)
"Pressure"
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"Goodnight Saigon"
"Tell Her About It"
"Uptown Girl"
"An Innocent Man"
"The Longest Time"
"Leave a Tender Moment Alone"
"This Night"
"Keeping the Faith"
"You're Only Human (Second Wind)"
"The Night Is Still Young"
"Modern Woman"
"A Matter of Trust"
"This Is the Time"
"Baby Grand"
"Back in the U.S.S.R." (Live)
"We Didn't Start the Fire"
"Leningrad"
"I Go to Extremes"
"The Downeaster 'Alexa'"
"That's Not Her Style"
"And So It Goes"
"Shameless"
"All Shook Up"
"The River of Dreams"
"All About Soul"
"No Man's Land"
"Lullabye (Goodnight, My Angel)"
"To Make You Feel My Love"
"Hey Girl"
"All My Life"
"Christmas in Fallujah"
Other songs
"Everybody Loves You Now"
"Captain Jack"
"Los Angelenos"
"Root Beer Rag"
"New York State of Mind"
"Prelude/Angry Young Man"
"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)"
"Scenes from an Italian Restaurant"
"Zanzibar"
"Laura"
"Scandinavian Skies"
"Big Man on Mulberry Street"
Tours
An Innocent Man Tour
Face to Face 1994
Face to Face 1995
Face to Face 1998
Face to Face 2001
Face to Face 2003
Face to Face 2009
Face to Face 2010
Billy Joel in Concert
Film
Oliver & Company
The Last Play at Shea
See also
Discography
Movin' Out
Billy Joel Band
The Hassles
Attila
Alexa Ray Joel
Christie Brinkley
Katie Lee
"Movin' Out" (Glee episode)
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_of_Mind&oldid=798180350"
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