text:
French orthography
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of a series on the
French language
Langues d'oïl
Dialects
Creoles
Francophonie
History
Phonological history
Oaths of Strasbourg
Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
Anglo-Norman
Grammar
Adverbs
Articles and determiners
Pronouns (personal)
Verbs
(conjugation
morphology)
Orthography
Alphabet
Reforms
Circumflex
Braille
Phonology
Elision
Liaison
Aspirated h
Help:IPA/French
v
t
e
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language. It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100–1200 CE and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years. This has resulted in a complicated relationship between spelling and sound, especially for vowels, a multitude of silent letters, and a large number of homophones (e.g., saint/sein/sain/seing/ceins/ceint (all pronounced [sɛ̃]), sang/sans/cent (all pronounced [sɑ̃])). Later attempts to respell some words in accordance with their Latin etymologies further increased the number of silent letters (e.g., temps vs. older tens – compare English "tense", which reflects the original spelling – and vingt vs. older vint). Nevertheless, there are rules governing French orthography which allow for a reasonable degree of accuracy when pronouncing French words from their written forms. The reverse operation, producing written forms from a pronunciation, is much more ambiguous.
Contents
[hide]
1 Alphabet
2 Diacritics
3 Ligatures
3.1 Œ
3.2 Æ
4 Digraphs and trigraphs
5 Sound to spelling correspondences
5.1 Consonants and combinations of consonant letters
5.2 Vowels and combinations of vowel letters
5.3 Combinations of vowel and consonant letters
6 Words from Greek
7 History of French orthography
7.1 Roman
7.2 Old French
7.3 Middle French
7.4 Classical French
7.5 Modern French
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Alphabet[edit]
The French alphabet is based on the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, uppercase and lowercase, with five diacritics and two orthographic ligatures.
Letter
Name
Name (IPA)
Diacritics and ligatures
A a /ɑ/ Àà, Ââ, Ææ
B bé /be/
C cé /se/ Çç
D dé /de/
E e /ə/ Éé, Èè, Êê, Ëë
F effe /ɛf/
G gé /ʒe/
H ache /aʃ/
I i /i/ Îî, Ïï
J ji /ʒi/
K ka /kɑ/
L elle /ɛl/
M emme /ɛm/
N enne /ɛn/
O o /o/ Ôô, Œœ
P pé /pe/
Q qu /ky/
R erre /ɛʁ/
S esse /ɛs/
T té /te/
U u /y/ Ùù, Ûû, Üü
V vé /ve/
W double vé /dubləve/
X ixe /iks/
Y i grec /iɡʁɛk/ Ÿÿ
Z zède /zɛd/
The letters ⟨w⟩ and ⟨k⟩ are rarely used except in loanwords and regional words. The phoneme /w/ sound is usually written ⟨ou⟩; the /k/ sound is usually written ⟨c⟩ anywhere but before ⟨e, i, y⟩, ⟨qu⟩ before ⟨e, i, y⟩, and sometimes ⟨que⟩ at the ends of words. However, ⟨k⟩ is common in the metric prefix kilo- (originally from Greek χίλια khilia "a thousand"): kilogramme, kilomètre, kilowatt, kilohertz, etc.
Diacritics[edit]
The usual diacritics are the acute (⟨´⟩, accent aigu), the grave (⟨`⟩, accent grave), the circumflex (⟨ˆ⟩, accent circonflexe), the diaeresis (⟨¨⟩, tréma), and the cedilla (⟨¸ ⟩, cédille). Diacritics have no effect on the primary alphabetical order.
Acute accent or accent aigu (é): over e, indicates uniquely the sound /e/. An é in modern French is often used where a combination of e and a consonant, usually s, would have been used formerly: écouter < escouter.
Grave accent or accent grave (à, è, ù): over a or u, used primarily to distinguish homophones: à ("to") vs. a ("has"), ou ("or") vs. où ("where"; the letter ù is used only in this word). Over an e, indicates the sound /ɛ/.
Circumflex or accent circonflexe (â, ê, î, ô, û): over a, e and o, indicates the sound /ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /o/, respectively, but the distinction a /a/ vs. â /ɑ/ tends to disappear in Parisian French, so they are both pronounced [a]. In Belgian French, ê is pronounced [ɛː]. Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): château < castel, fête < feste, sûr < seur, dîner < disner (in medieval manuscripts many letters were often written as diacritical marks: the circumflex for "s" and the tilde for "n" are examples). It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones: du ("of the") vs. dû (past participle of devoir "to have to do something (pertaining to an act)"); however dû is in fact written thus because of a dropped e: deu (see Circumflex in French). Since the 1990 orthographic changes, the circumflex on most i's and u's may be dropped when it does not serve to distinguish homophones: chaîne becomes chaine but sûr (sure) does not change because of sur (on).
Diaeresis or tréma (ë, ï, ü, ÿ): over e, i, u or y, indicates that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one: naïve, Noël. A diaeresis on y only occurs in some proper names and in modern editions of old French texts. Some proper names in which ÿ appears include Aÿ (commune in canton de la Marne, formerly Aÿ-Champagne), Rue des Cloÿs (alley in the 18th arrondissement of Paris), Croÿ (family name and hotel on the Boulevard Raspail, Paris), Château du Feÿ (near Joigny), Ghÿs (name of Flemish origin spelt Ghĳs where ĳ in handwriting looked like ÿ to French clerks), L'Haÿ-les-Roses (commune between Paris and Orly airport), Pierre Louÿs (author), Moÿ (place in commune de l'Aisne and family name), and Le Blanc de Nicolaÿ (an insurance company in eastern France). The diaeresis on u appears in the Biblical proper names Archélaüs, Capharnaüm, Emmaüs, Ésaü, and Saül, as well as French names such as Haüy. Nevertheless, since the 1990 orthographic changes, the diaeresis in words containing guë (such as aiguë or ciguë) may be moved onto the u: aigüe, cigüe, and by analogy may be used in verbs such as j'argüe. In addition, words coming from German retain their umlaut (ä, ö and ü) if applicable but use French pronunciation, such as Kärcher (trademark of a pressure washer).
Cedilla or cédille (ç): under c, indicates that it is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/. Thus je lance "I throw" (with c = [s] before e), je lançais "I was throwing" (c would be pronounced [k] before a without the cedilla). The cedilla is only used before the vowels a, o or u, for example, ça /sa/; it is never used before the vowels e, i, or y, since these three vowels always produce a soft /s/ sound (ce, ci, cycle).
The tilde diacritical mark ( ˜ ) above n is occasionally used in French for words and names of Spanish origin that have been incorporated into the language (e.g., cañon, El Niño). Like the other diacritics, the tilde has no impact on the primary alphabetical order.
Diacritics are often omitted on capital letters, mainly for technical reasons. It is widely believed that they are not required; however both the Académie française and the Office québécois de la langue française reject this usage and confirm that "in French, the accent has full orthographic value",[1] except for acronyms but not for abbreviations (e.g., CEE, ALENA, but É.-U.).[2] Nevertheless, diacritics are often ignored in word games, including crosswords, Scrabble, and Des chiffres et des lettres.
Ligatures[edit]
The two ligatures œ and æ have orthographic value. For determining alphabetical order, these ligatures are treated like the sequences oe and ae.
Œ[edit]
(French: o, e dans l'o or o, e collés/liés) This ligature is a mandatory contraction of ⟨oe⟩ in certain words. Some of these are native French words, with the pronunciation /œ/ or /ø/, e.g., sœur "sister" /sœʁ/, œuvre "work (of art)" /œvʁ/. Note that it usually appears in the combination œu; œil "eye" is an exception. Many of these words were originally written with the digraph eu; the o in the ligature represents a sometimes artificial attempt to imitate the Latin spelling: Latin bovem > Old French buef/beuf > Modern French bœuf.
Œ is also used in words of Greek origin, as the Latin rendering of the Greek diphthong οι, e.g., cœlacanthe "coelacanth". These words used to be pronounced with the vowel /e/, but in recent years a spelling pronunciation with /ø/ has taken hold, e.g., œsophage /ezɔfaʒ/ or /øzɔfaʒ/, Œdipe /edip/ or /ødip/ etc. The pronunciation with /e/ is often seen to be more correct.
When œ is found after the letter c, the c can be pronounced /k/ in some cases (cœur), or /s/ in others (cœlacanthe).
The ligature œ is not used when both letters contribute different sounds. For example, when ⟨o⟩ is part of a prefix (coexister), or when ⟨e⟩ is part of a suffix (minoen), or in the word moelle and its derivatives.[3]
Æ[edit]
(French: a, e dans l'a or a, e collés/liés) This ligature is rare, appearing only in some words of Latin and Greek origin like tænia, ex æquo, cæcum, æthuse (as named dog’s parsley).[4] It generally represents the vowel /e/, like ⟨é⟩.
The sequence ⟨ae⟩ appears in loanwords where both sounds are heard, as in maestro and paella.[5]
Digraphs and trigraphs[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2008)
French digraphs and trigraphs have both historical and phonological origins. In the first case, it is a vestige of the spelling in the word's original language (usually Latin or Greek) maintained in modern French, for example, the use of ⟨ph⟩ in words like téléphone, ⟨th⟩ in words like théorème, or ⟨ch⟩ in chaotique. In the second case, a digraph is due to an archaic pronunciation, such as ⟨eu⟩, ⟨au⟩, ⟨oi⟩, ⟨ai⟩, and ⟨œu⟩, or is merely a convenient way to expand the twenty-six-letter alphabet to cover all relevant phonemes, as in ⟨ch⟩, ⟨on⟩, ⟨an⟩, ⟨ou⟩, ⟨un⟩, and ⟨in⟩. Some cases are a mixture of these or are used for purely pragmatic reasons, such as ⟨ge⟩ for /ʒ/ in il mangeait ('he ate'), where the ⟨e⟩ serves to indicate a "soft" ⟨g⟩ inherent in the verb's root.
Sound to spelling correspondences[edit]
Note: Some exceptions apply to the rules governing the pronunciation of word-final consonants. See Liaison (French) for details.
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Consonants and combinations of consonant letters[edit]
Spelling
Major value
(IPA)
Examples of major value
Minor values
(IPA)
Examples of minor value
Exceptions
-bs, -cs (in the plural of words ending in
silent b or c), -ds, -fs (in œufs and bœufs,
and words ending with silent -f in the singular), ‑gs, -ps, -ts Ø plombs, blancs, prends, œufs, cerfs, longs, draps, achats
b, bb elsewhere /b/ ballon, abbé
finally Ø plomb, Colomb /b/ Jacob
ç /s/ ça, garçon, reçu
c before e, i, y /s/ cyclone, loquace, douce, ciel, ceux
initially/medially elsewhere /k/ cabas, crasse, cœur, sacré /s/ cœlacanthe /ɡ/ second, zinc
finally /k/ lac, donc Ø tabac, blanc, caoutchouc
cc before e, i, y /ks/ accès
elsewhere /k/ accord
ch /ʃ/ chat, douche /k/ (in words of Greek origin[6]) chaotique, chlore, varech Ø yacht, almanach
/t͡ʃ/ cheap
-ct elsewhere /kt/ direct, correct Ø respect, suspect
after a nasal vowel Ø instinct, succinct
d, dd elsewhere /d/ doux, adresse, addition
finally Ø pied, accord /d/ David
f, ff /f/ fait, affoler, soif Ø clef, cerf, nerf
g before e, i, y /ʒ/ gens, manger
initially/medially elsewhere /ɡ/ gain, glacier
finally Ø joug, long, sang /ɡ/ zigzag
gg before e, i, y /ɡʒ/ suggérer
elsewhere /ɡ/ aggraver
gn /ɲ/ montagne, agneau /ɡn/ cognitif, gnose, gnou
h Ø habite, hiver /x/ Hainan
j /ʒ/ joue, jeter /dʒ/ jean, jazz
/x/ jota
k /k/ alkyler, kilomètre, bifteck Ø skunks
l, ll /l/ lait, allier, il, royal, matériel Ø (occasionally finally) cul, fusil, saoul Ø fils, aulx
m, mm /m/ mou, pomme Ø automne, condamner
n, nn /n/ nouvel, panne
ng (in loanwords) /ŋ/ parking, camping
p, pp elsewhere /p/ pain, appel
finally Ø coup, trop /p/ cap, cep
ph /f/ téléphone, photo
-pt /pt/ concept /t/ sept, compter, baptême
q (see also qu) /k/ coq, cinq, piqûre, Qatar
r, rr /ʁ/ rat, barre Ø monsieur (see also -er)
s initially
medially next to a consonant
or after a nasal vowel /s/ sacre, estime, penser, instituer /z/ transat, transiter
elsewhere between two vowels /z/ rose, paysage
finally Ø dans, repas /s/ fils, sens (noun), os (singular), ours
sc before e, i, y /s/ science
elsewhere /sk/ script
sch /ʃ/ schlague, haschisch, esche /sk/ schizoïde, ischion, æschne
ss /s/ baisser, passer
t, tt elsewhere /t/ tout, attente
finally Ø tant, raffut /t/ est (direction), brut, yaourt
tch /t͡ʃ/ tchat, match
th /t/ thème, thermique, aneth Ø asthme, bizuth
v /v/ ville, vanne
w /w/ kiwi, week-end, whisky /v/ wagon, schwa /s/ Law
x initially
next to a voiceless consonant
phonologically finally /ks/ xylophone, expansion, connexe /ɡz/ xénophobie /k/ or /ks/ xérès, xhosa
medially elsewhere /ɡz/ exigence, exulter /s/
/z/
/ks/ soixante
deuxième
galaxie, maximum
finally Ø paix, deux /ks/ index, pharynx /s/ six, dix, coccyx
xc before e, i, y /ks/ exciter
elsewhere /ksk/ excavation
z elsewhere /z/ zain, gazette
finally Ø chez /z/ gaz
Vowels and combinations of vowel letters[edit]
Spelling
Major value
(IPA)
Examples of major value
Minor values
(IPA)
Examples of minor value
Exceptions
a, à /a/ patte, arable, là, déjà /ɑ/ araser, base /ɔ/ yacht
/o/ football
/e/ lady
â /ɑ/ château
ae, æ /e/ ex-æquo, cæcum, tænia /aɛ/ maestro
/ae/ paella
ai /ɛ/
/e/ vrai, faite
baisser, aiguille /ə/ faisons,[7] and all other conjugated forms of faire which are spelt fais- and followed by a vowel.
aî /ɛ/ maître, chaîne
aï /a.i/ naïf, haïr /aj/ aïe, haïe
aie /ɛ/ baie, monnaie /ɛj/ paie
aou, aoû /a.u/ caoutchouc, aoûtien, yaourt /u/ saoul, août
au /o/ haut, augure /ɔ/ restaurant, sauropode, dinosaure
ay elsewhere /ɛj/ ayons, essayer /ei/ pays (also /ɛi/)
/aj/ mayonnaise, papaye, ayoye
finally /ɛ/ Gamay, margay, railway /e/ okay
-aye /ɛ.i/ abbaye /ɛj/ paye /ɛ/ La Haye
/aj/ baye
e elsewhere /ə/ repeser, genoux /a/ femme, fréquemment,[8] solennel
before two or more consonants
(including double consonants),
x (in all cases), or
a final consonant (silent or pronounced) /ɛ/ est, estival, voyelle, examiner, exécuter, quel, chalet /e/ essence, effet, henné /e/ mangez, and any form of a verb in the second person plural that ends in -ez.
in monosyllabic words before a silent consonant /e/ et, les, nez, clef /ɛ/ es
finally
in a position where
it can be easily elided Ø caisse, unique, acheter, franchement /ə/ (finally in monosyllabic words) que, de, je
é, ée /e/ clé, échapper, idée /ɛ/ événement, céderai, vénerie
è /ɛ/ relève, zèle
ê /ɛ/ tête, crêpe, forêt, prêt
eau /o/ eau, oiseaux
ei /ɛ/ neige, reine
eî /ɛ/ reître
eoi /wa/ asseoir
eu initially
phonologically finally
before /z/ /ø/ Europe, heureux, peu, chanteuse /y/ eu, and any conjugated form of avoir spelt with eu-.
elsewhere /œ/ beurre, jeune /ø/ feutre, neutre, maïeutique
eû /ø/ jeûne /y/, eûmes, eûtes, and eût (conjugated forms of avoir spelt with eû-).
i elsewhere /i/ ici, proscrire
before vowel /j/ fief, ionique, rien
î /i/ gîte, épître
ï (initially or between vowels) /j/ ïambe, aïeul, païen /i/ ouïe
-ie /i/ régie
o phonologically finally
before /z/ /o/ pro, mot, chose, déposes /ɔ/ sosie
elsewhere /ɔ/ carotte, offre /o/ cyclone, fosse, tome
ô /o/ tôt, cône
œ /œ/ œil /e/ œsophage, fœtus
oe /ɔ.e/ coefficient /wa/ moelle, moellon
/wɛ/ moelleux
oê /wa/ poêle
oë /ɔ.ɛ/ Noël /ɔ.e/ canoë, goëmon
/wɛ/ foëne
œu phonologically finally /ø/ nœud, œufs, bœufs, vœu
elsewhere /œ/ sœur, cœur, œuf, bœuf
oi, oie /wa/ roi, oiseau, foie, trois, noix /ɔ/ oignon
oï /o.i/ coït, astéroïde
oo /ɔ.ɔ/ coopération, oocyte, zoologie /u/ bazooka, cool, football /ɔ/ alcool, Boskoop, rooibos
/o/ spéculoos, mooré, zoo
/w/ shampooing
ou, où elsewhere /u/ ouvrir, sous, où
before vowel /w/ ouest, couiner, oui
oû /u/ coût, goût
-oue /u/ roue
oy /waj/ moyen, royaume /ɔj/ goyave, cow-boy, ayoye
u elsewhere /y/ tu, juge /u/ tofu
before vowel /ɥ/ huit, tuer /w/ cacahuète
û /y/ sûr, flûte
ue elsewhere /ɥɛ/ actuel /œ/ (see below) orgueil, cueillir
finally /y/ rue
y elsewhere /i/ cyclone, style
initially before vowel /j/ yeux, yole
ÿ (used only in proper nouns) /i/ L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Freÿr
Combinations of vowel and consonant letters[edit]
Spelling
Major value
(IPA)
Examples of major value
Minor values
(IPA)
Examples of minor value
Exceptions
am, an (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ ambiance, France /am/ Viêt-Nam
aen (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ Caen
aim, ain (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ faim, saint, bains
aon (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ paon /a.ɔ̃/ pharaon
cqu /k/ acquit, acquéreur
-cte (as the feminine adjective ending for words ending in a silent "ct" (see above)) /t/ succincte
em, en (before consonant or finally elsewhere) /ɑ̃/ embaucher, vent /ɛ̃/ examen, ben, pensum /ɛn/ week-end
/ɛm/ totem
em, en (before consonant or finally after é, i, or y) /ɛ̃/ européen, bien, doyen /ɑ̃/ (before t or soft c) patient, quotient, science, audience
ein (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ plein, sein
-ent (3rd person plural ending) Ø parlent, finissaient
-er /e/ aller, transporter /ɛʁ/ hiver, super, éther, fier
-es Ø Nantes, faites /e/, /ɛ/ les, des, es
eun (before consonant or finally) /œ̃/ jeun
ge (before a, o, u) /ʒ/ geai, mangea
gu (before e, i, y) /ɡ/ guerre, dingue /ɡy/, /ɡɥ/ argue, aiguille, linguistique, ambiguïté
-il (after some vowels)1 /j/ ail, conseil
-il (not after vowel) /il/ il, fil /i/ outil, fils, fusil
-ill- (after some vowels)1 /j/ paille, nouille
-ill- (not after vowel) /ij/ grillage, bille /il/ mille, million, billion, ville, villa, village, tranquille[9]
im, in (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ importer, vin /in/ sprint
oin (before consonant or finally) /wɛ̃/ point
om, on (before consonant or finally) /ɔ̃/ ombre, bon /ɔn/ canyon
/ə/ monsieur
ow /o/ cow-boy, show /u/ clown
qu /k/ quand, pourquoi /kɥ/
/kw/ équilatéral
aquarium, loquace, quatuor /ky/ piqure, qu
ti + vowel (initially or after s or x) /tj/ bastion, gestionnaire, tiens, aquae-sextien
ti + vowel (elsewhere) /sj/, /si/ fonctionnaire, initiation, Croatie, haïtien /tj/, /ti/ the suffix -tié, all conjugated forms of
verbs with a radical ending in -t
(augmentions, partiez, etc.) or derived from
tenir, and all nouns and past participles derived
from such verbs and ending in -ie (sortie, divertie, etc.)
um, un (before consonant or finally) /œ̃/ parfum, brun /ɔm/ album, maximum /ɔ̃/ punch
ym, yn (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ sympa, syndrome /im/ gymnase, hymne
^1 These combinations are pronounced /j/ after a, e, eu, œ, ou, and ue, all but the last of which are pronounced normally and are not influenced by the i. For example, in rail, the a is pronounced /a/; in mouiller, the ou is pronounced /u/. Ue, however, which only occurs in such combinations after c and g, is pronounced /œ/ as opposed to /ɥɛ/: orgueil, cueillir, accueil, etc. These combinations are never pronounced /j/ after o or u; in that case, the vowel + i combination as well as the l is pronounced normally, although as usual, the pronunciation of u after g and q is somewhat unpredictable: poil, huile, équilibre [ekilibʁ] but équilatéral [ekɥilateʁal], etc.
Words from Greek[edit]
The spelling of French words of Greek origin is complicated by a number of digraphs which originated in the Latin transcriptions. The digraphs ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, and ⟨ch⟩ normally represent /f/, /t/, and /k/ in Greek loanwords, respectively; and the ligatures ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ in Greek loanwords represent the same vowel as ⟨é⟩ (/e/). Further, many words in the international scientific vocabulary were constructed in French from Greek roots and have kept their digraphs (e.g., stratosphère, photographie).
History of French orthography[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)
The Oaths of Strasbourg from 842 is the earliest text written in the early form of French called Romance or Gallo-Romance.
Roman[edit]
The Gaulish language of the inhabitants of Gaul disappeared progressively over the course of the Roman conquest as the Latin languages began to replace them: written (Classical) Latin and spoken (vulgar) Latin. Classical Latin, taught in schools, remained the language of religious services, of scientific works, of legislative acts and of certain literary works. Vulgar Latin, spoken by the Roman soldiers and merchants, and adopted by the natives, evolved slowly, taking the forms of different spoken Roman vernaculars according to the region of the country. These vernaculars divided into two branches in the Gallo-Romance language family, the langues d'oïl north of the Loire and the langues d'oc in the south.[10]
Old French[edit]
In the 9th century, the Romance vernaculars were already quite far from Latin. For example, to understand the Bible, written in Latin, footnotes were necessary. With consolidation of royal power, beginning in the 13th century, the Francien vernacular, in usage then on the Île-de-France, brought it little by little to the other languages and evolved toward Classic French.
The languages found in the manuscripts dating from the 9th century to the 13th century form what is known as Old French or ancien français. These languages continued to evolve until, in the 14th century to the 16th century, Middle French (moyen français) emerged.[10]
Middle French[edit]
During the Middle French period (c. 1300–1600), modern spelling practices were largely established. This happened especially during the 16th century, under the influence of printers. The overall trend was towards continuity with Old French spelling, although some changes were made under the influence of changed pronunciation habits; for example, the Old French distinction between the diphthongs eu and ue was eliminated in favor of consistent eu,[a] as both diphthongs had come to be pronounced /ø/ or /œ/ (depending on the surrounding sounds). However, many other distinctions that had become equally superfluous were maintained, e.g. between s and soft c or between ai and ei. It is likely that etymology was the guiding factor here: the distinction between s/c and ai/ei reflects corresponding distinctions in the spelling of the underlying Latin words, whereas no such distinction exists in the case of eu/ue.
This period also saw the development of some explicitly etymological spellings, e.g. temps ("time"), vingt ("twenty") and poids ("weight") (note that in many cases, the etymologizing was sloppy or occasionally completely incorrect; vingt reflects Latin viginti, with the g in the wrong place, and poids actually reflects Latin pensum, with no d at all; the spelling poids is due to an incorrect derivation from Latin pondus). The trend towards etymologizing sometimes produced absurd (and generally rejected) spellings such as sçapvoir for normal savoir ("to know"), which attempted to combine Latin sapere ("to be wise", the correct origin of savoir) with scire ("to know").
Classical French[edit]
Main article: Reforms of French orthography
Modern French spelling was codified in the late 17th century by the Académie française, based largely on previously established spelling conventions. Some reforms have occurred since then, but most have been fairly minor. The most significant changes have been:
Adoption of j and v to represent consonants, in place of former i and u.
Addition of a circumflex accent to reflect historical vowel length. During the Middle French period, a distinction developed between long and short vowels, with long vowels largely stemming from a lost /s/ before a consonant, as in même (cf. Spanish mismo), but sometimes from the coalescence of similar vowels, as in âge from earlier aage, eage (early Old French *edage < Vulgar Latin *aetaticum, cf. Spanish edad < *aetate). Prior to this, such words continued to be spelled historically (e.g. mesme and age). Ironically, by the time this convention was adopted in the 19th century, the former distinction between short and long vowels had largely disappeared in all but the most conservative pronunciations, with vowels automatically pronounced long or short depending on the phonological context (see French phonology).
Use of ai in place of oi where pronounced /ɛ/ rather than /wa/. The most significant effect of this was to change the spelling of all imperfect verbs (formerly spelled -ois, -oit, -oient rather than -ais, -ait, -aient).
Modern French[edit]
Main article: Reforms of French orthography § The rectifications of 1990
In October 1989, Michel Rocard, then-Prime Minister of France, established the Superior Council of the French Language (Conseil supérieur de la langue française) in Paris. He designated experts — among them linguists, representatives of the Académie française and lexicographers — to propose standardizing several points, a few of those points being:
The uniting hyphen in all compound numerals
i.e. trente-et-un
The plural of compound words, the second element always takes the plural s
For example un après-midi, des après-midis
The circumflex accent ⟨ˆ⟩ disappears on all u's and i's except for words for which it is needed for differentiation
As in coût (cost) → cout, abîme (abyss) → abime but sûr (sure) because of sur (on)
The past participle of laisser followed by an infinitive verb is invariable (works now the same way as the verb faire)
elle s'est laissée mourir → elle s'est laissé mourir
Quickly, the experts set to work. Their conclusions were submitted to Belgian and Québécois linguistic political organizations. They were likewise submitted to the Académie française, which endorsed them unanimously, saying: "Current orthography remains that of usage, and the 'recommendations' of the High Council of the French language only enter into play with words that may be written in a different manner without being considered as incorrect or as faults."[citation needed]
The changes were published in the Journal officiel de la République française in December 1990. At the time the proposed changes were considered to be suggestions. In 2016, schoolbooks in France began to use the newer recommended spellings, with instruction to teachers that both old and new spellings be deemed correct.[11]
See also[edit]
Punctuation in French
Elision (French)
French phonology
French braille
French manual alphabet
Circumflex in French
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Except in a few words such as accueil, where the ue spelling was necessary to retain the hard /k/ pronunciation of the c.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Académie française, accentuation Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Banque de dépannage linguistique - Accents sur les majuscules". 66.46.185.79. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ See wikt:fr:Catégorie:oe non ligaturé en français
Jump up ^ Didier, Dominique. "La ligature æ". Monsu.desiderio.free.fr. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ wikt:fr:Catégorie:ae non ligaturé en français
Jump up ^ See Ch_(digraph)#French
Jump up ^ "French Pronuncation: Vowel Sounds I -LanguageGuide". Languageguide.org. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "French Pronuncation: Vowel Sounds II -LanguageGuide". Languageguide.org. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Is LL Pronounced Like an L or like a Y in French?". French.about.com. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Translation of Évolution de la langue française du Ve au XVe siècle. See also Langue romane (French) and Romance languages (English).
Jump up ^ "End of the circumflex? Changes in French spelling cause uproar". BBC News. 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Bibliography[edit]
Fouché, Pierre (1956). Traité de prononciation française. Paris: Klincksieck.
Tranel, Bernard (1987). The Sounds of French: An Introduction. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31510-7.
External links[edit]
Alternate French spelling
Recording of 3 different voices pronouncing the French alphabet
French alphabet pronounced by a native speaker (Youtube)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_orthography&oldid=804718926"
Categories:
French language
Latin-script orthographies
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles containing French-language text
Articles containing Greek-language text
Articles to be expanded from August 2008
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Articles that may contain original research from April 2012
All articles that may contain original research
Articles to be expanded from June 2008
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Aragonés
Français
Italiano
Magyar
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Română
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 October 2017, at 18:33.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: href title

values: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

value: td

value: tr

value: th

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;

value: li

values:
/wiki/Dialects_of_French
mw-redirect
Dialects of French

values:
/wiki/French_alphabet
mw-redirect
French alphabet

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:auto;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
mbox-text plainlist
vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;

values: background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000;width: 22em;

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: Edit section: Sound to spelling correspondences

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

values: Edit section: Consonants and combinations of consonant letters

values: Dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals

values:
/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant
mw-redirect
Alveolar lateral approximant

values: Edit section: Vowels and combinations of vowel letters

values: Edit section: Combinations of vowel and consonant letters

values: Edit section: History of French orthography

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Punctuation_in_French
mw-redirect
Punctuation in French

values:
/wiki/French_braille
mw-redirect
French braille

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ortograf.net

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles containing French-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Greek-language text

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2008

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Articles that may contain original research from April 2012

values: Category:All articles that may contain original research

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from June 2008

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/French_orthography
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: تصنيف:حروف فرنسية – Arabic

values: Ortografia della lingua francese – Italian

values: ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ – Punjabi

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-French_orthography rootpage-French_orthography vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Big Little Lies (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Big Little Lies
Opening title card, showing the Bixby Creek Bridge
Genre
Drama
Mystery
Created by
David E. Kelley
Based on
Big Little Lies
by Liane Moriarty
Written by
David E. Kelley
Directed by
Jean-Marc Vallée
Starring
Reese Witherspoon
Nicole Kidman
Shailene Woodley
Alexander Skarsgård
Adam Scott
Zoë Kravitz
James Tupper
Jeffrey Nordling
Laura Dern
Opening theme
"Cold Little Heart" by Michael Kiwanuka
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
7 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
David E. Kelley
Jean-Marc Vallée
Reese Witherspoon
Bruna Papandrea
Nicole Kidman
Per Saari
Gregg Fienberg
Nathan Ross
Producer(s)
Barbara A. Hall
Liane Moriarty
Location(s)
Monterey, California
Cinematography
Yves Bélanger
Editor(s)
David Berman
Maxime Lahaie
Sylvain Lebel
Jim Vega
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
52–58 minutes
Production company(s)
Pacific Standard
Blossom Films
David E. Kelley Productions
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television Distribution
HBO Enterprises
Release
Original network
HBO
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19) – present
External links
Website
Big Little Lies is an American television drama series that premiered on HBO on February 19, 2017. Created and written by David E. Kelley, the series' seven-episode first season is based on the novel of the same name by Liane Moriarty. Each episode was directed by Jean-Marc Vallée.
Big Little Lies stars Nicole Kidman, Reese Witherspoon and Shailene Woodley and tells the story of three emotionally troubled women in Monterey, California, who become embroiled in a murder investigation. Alexander Skarsgård, Laura Dern, Jeffrey Nordling, Adam Scott, Zoë Kravitz, and James Tupper feature in supporting roles. Critically acclaimed, the series garnered several accolades. It received 16 Emmy Award nominations and won eight, including Outstanding Limited Series and acting awards for Kidman, Skarsgård, and Dern. The trio also won Golden Globe Awards in addition to a Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film win for the series. Kidman and Skarsgård also received Screen Actors Guild Award for their performances.
Despite originally being billed as a miniseries, HBO renewed the series for a second season.[1] Production on the second season will begin in March 2018 and is set to premiere in 2019. The entire main cast will return with the addition of Meryl Streep. All seven episodes will be written by David E. Kelley and directed by Andrea Arnold.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
2 Episodes
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.2.1 Season 1
3.2.2 Season 2
3.3 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Marketing
4.2 Premiere
4.3 Distribution
4.4 Renewal
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
5.3 Accolades
6 Media
6.1 Soundtrack
6.2 Blu-ray and DVD
7 References
8 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Reese Witherspoon as Madeline Martha Mackenzie
Nicole Kidman as Celeste Wright
Shailene Woodley as Jane Chapman
Alexander Skarsgård as Perry Wright, Celeste's husband
Adam Scott as Ed Mackenzie, Madeline's husband
Zoë Kravitz as Bonnie Carlson, Nathan's second wife
James Tupper as Nathan Carlson, Madeline's ex-husband
Jeffrey Nordling as Gordon Klein, Renata's husband
Laura Dern as Renata Klein
Meryl Streep as Mary Louise Wright (season 2), Perry's mother
Recurring[edit]
Iain Armitage as Ziggy Chapman, Jane's son
Sarah Baker as Thea Cunningham
Sarah Burns as Gabrielle
P. J. Byrne as Principal Nippal
Santiago Cabrera as Joseph
Darby Camp as Chloe Mackenzie, Madeline's younger daughter
Hong Chau as Jackie
Kelen Coleman as Harper Stimson
Cameron Crovetti as Josh Wright, Celeste's son
Nicholas Crovetti as Max Wright, Celeste's son
Merrin Dungey as Detective Adrienne Quinlan
Ivy George as Amabella Klein, Renata's daughter
Virginia Kull as Ms. Barnes, the children's elementary teacher
Chloe Coleman as Skye Carlson, Bonnie's daughter
Kathryn Newton as Abigail Carlson, Madeline's elder daughter
Molly Hagan as Dr. Moriarty, Ziggy's child psychologist
Larry Sullivan as Oren
David Monahan as Bernard
Kathreen Khavari as Samantha
Joseph Cross as Tom, Madeline and Celeste's favorite cafe owner
Robin Weigert as Dr. Amanda Reisman, Perry and Celeste's therapist
Larry Bates as Stu
Douglas Smith as Corey Brockfield (season 2)
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Somebody's Dead" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19) 1.13[3]
At a public school in Monterey, a murder suddenly occurs on trivia night, but neither the victim nor the murderer is revealed. Backtracking to the first day of school, the families of five first-graders are introduced. Madeline Martha Mackenzie is a strong-willed, wealthy, and feared alpha female in town with a first-grade daughter and teenage daughter from an earlier marriage. Her friend, retired lawyer Celeste Wright, is the mother of twin sons who are also beginning at that same school. New to town is Jane Chapman – a young single mother raising her son, Ziggy. Renata Klein's daughter Amabella accuses Ziggy of attempting to choke her, which he denies. Madeline and Celeste befriend Jane. Secrets are revealed, including that Madeline is struggling to cope with her ex-husband Nathan's marriage to a yoga instructor named Bonnie and also trying to build a relationship with her older daughter. Celeste appears to have a very happy life with her husband Perry, but he starts to show signs of being violent. Jane's motives for moving to Monterey are unknown.
2
"Serious Mothering" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley February 26, 2017 (2017-02-26) 0.56[4]
Perry lashes out at Celeste when he discovers he missed orientation at the school, but Celeste lets it slide. Jane looks for work with little success. Madeline goes on the warpath with Renata when it is revealed Renata did not invite Ziggy to Amabella's birthday party. Ed questions Madeline's devotion to him when she continues to complain about seeing Nathan with Bonnie all the time. Madeline is further disturbed when Bonnie takes her oldest daughter, Abby, to Planned Parenthood. Nathan tries to come to a peaceful resolution with Ed about their parenting of Abby, but Ed senses Nathan trying to intimidate him and stands firm. Madeline's younger daughter, Chloe, and Bonnie's daughter, Skye, attempt to mend the wounds between Ziggy and Amabella but it leads to an incident of unwanted affection and the parents of the four children are called into the principal's office, leading Jane to have a flashback of an unwanted episode.
3
"Living the Dream" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley March 5, 2017 (2017-03-05) 1.04[5]
Perry chokes Celeste when he believes she deliberately left him out of a family gathering, after which Celeste threatens to leave him. Renata's party for Amabella is a huge success but she is ultimately upset when Madeline invited Amabella's closest friends and Ziggy to Disney on Ice on the same day. At therapy, Perry claims his outbursts are out of fear that Celeste does not love him, which Celeste attempts to deny. When Abby's academic performance begins to decline her guidance counselor suggests it is being caused by stress at home so Abby decides to live with Nathan, much to Madeline's dismay. Jane gets Ziggy involved with more extracurricular activities and helps him construct a family tree for school with Madeline's help. Jane lashes out at Ziggy when he insists on putting his father's name on the tree, and Jane confides to Madeline that Ziggy was the result of rape by a man named Saxon Banks, whom she has not seen since.
4
"Push Comes to Shove" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley March 12, 2017 (2017-03-12) 1.04[6]
Abigail moves in with Nathan and Bonnie. Celeste legally represents Joseph and Madeline in a meeting with the Mayor regarding the controversial Avenue Q, and successfully convinces the Mayor to allow the play to proceed. In the process, she realizes her desire to return to work. She asks her therapist how to best convince Perry but Dr. Reisman is more concerned with why Celeste is afraid to do so. At home, Perry tells Celeste not to attend any future meetings. When she refuses, he grabs her by the throat but quickly relinquishes when one of their boys enters the room. Joseph and Madeline kiss and it is revealed they had an affair a year ago. Madeline locates a man online named Saxon Baker whom she believes to be Saxon Banks. She informs Jane and Celeste, and they plan to travel to San Luis Obispo to confront him. Ms. Barnes, the teacher, suspects Amabella is still being bullied. Despite Amabella's assertions that she and Ziggy are friends, Ms. Barnes requests Jane to have Ziggy psychologically evaluated. The psychologist believes that Ziggy is innocent and that he may actually be being bullied himself.
5
"Once Bitten" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19) 1.17[7]
Nathan spots Jane at the gun range and tells Madeline. Although Jane reassures Madeline that she carries a gun solely for its psychological benefits, Madeline begins to regret tracking down Saxon Baker. Renata discovers a bite mark on Amabella's arm, but Amabella refuses to disclose who bit her. Renata assumes it is Ziggy and a meeting is held between Jane and the school principal. Joseph is convinced Madeline still has feelings for him but she maintains that their affair is over. While they argue, their car crashes. Madeline is uninjured, while Joseph is hospitalized. The incident raises suspicion from Ed and Joseph's wife, Tori. Perry is angered when Celeste does not ask the twins to tidy their toys. A confrontation triggers further violence from Perry, followed by aggressive sex. Later, Dr. Reisman confronts Celeste with the belief that Celeste is being abused; Celeste eventually reveals that she has previously feared for her life and had considered leaving Perry. Dr. Reisman urges Celeste to leave him. Jane secretly travels to San Luis Obispo to confront Saxon Baker, taking her gun with her.
6
"Burning Love" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley March 26, 2017 (2017-03-26) 1.39[8]
Jane reveals to Madeline that she went to confront Saxon Baker, who turns out to be the wrong man. Madeline attempts to convince Jane to give up the search. Ms. Barnes relays to Jane that a petition has begun to have Ziggy suspended. Jane confronts Renata and mistakenly gouges her eye. Jane apologizes, realizing that they have both want to protect their children. Renata forgives Jane and reveals her plan to schedule play-dates with each of Amabella's classmates to discover who is hurting her. Celeste's therapist advises her to prepare to leave Perry by renting an apartment and disclosing the abuse to friends. Later, Perry tries to initiate sex with Celeste, who defensively fractures his penis. Returning from the hospital, Perry tells Celeste she is "lucky" he did not kill her. The following day she begins looking for an apartment. At the opening night of Avenue Q, Tori confronts Madeline about having an affair with Joseph. At home, Madeline and Ed have another argument about her lack of passion toward him, which culminates in her alluding to having made a "terrible mistake". Nathan discovers that Abigail's "secret project" is auctioning her virginity to raise money for Amnesty International. Madeline furiously confronts Abigail, disclosing her affair in the process.
7
"You Get What You Need" Jean-Marc Vallée David E. Kelley April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02) 1.86[9]
Following another beating, Celeste decides to leave Perry the day after trivia night. Ziggy confesses to Jane that it was Max who choked Amabella. Madeline talks to Joseph about his wife knowing about their affair. Jane tells Celeste that her son Max is the bully. When preparing to leave for trivia night, Perry sees a text message on Celeste's phone from the landlady of her new apartment. He confronts her on the way to the party, but is interrupted by Renata. At the party, Celeste tells Renata that Max is the bully. Meanwhile, a drunk Madeline runs away during Ed's singing performance. Jane goes after her and finds her atop stairs at the back of the venue. Madeline tells Jane that she cheated on Ed. Renata also goes after them and apologizes to Jane for having blamed Ziggy. Celeste joins the women, followed by Perry. Bonnie follows them and watches the group from afar. Jane sees Perry and realizes that he is the rapist. Perry pleads with Celeste to come back home with him and when she declines he attacks her. Bonnie rushes in and pushes Perry down the stairs, killing him. In the police interviews, the women confirm that there was a fight with Perry but claim he fell accidentally. Despite one of the detectives being skeptical, the police accept their version. Later, the five women and their children lounge at the beach while being watched from afar.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
On August 6, 2014, it was announced Nicole Kidman and Reese Witherspoon had optioned the screen rights to Liane Moriarty's novel Big Little Lies. The actresses were expected to develop the project as a film in which they would both star. Bruna Papandrea and Per Saari were set to executive produce alongside Kidman and Witherspoon. Moriarty was also expected to produce as well.[10]
On November 25, 2014, it was announced that Kidman and Witherspoon had decide to develop the project into a limited television instead of the originally planned film. Additionally, it was announced that television series would be written by David E. Kelley.[11]
On May 8, 2015, it was announced that HBO had given the production a series order and that in addition to writing, Kelley would also executive produce.[12]
On October 23, 2015, it was reported that Jean-Marc Vallée was in talks to direct the first episode of the series with the potential to direct more.[13] On December 17, 2015, it was announced that Vallée would direct all seven episodes of the series.[14]
On November 28, 2016, it was announced that the series would premiere on February 19, 2017.[15]
Casting[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Alongside the initial announcement of the production's development, it was reported that Kidman and Witherspoon would also star in the adaptation as well.[11][12] In December 2015, it announced that Shailene Woodley, Adam Scott, Laura Dern, and Zoë Kravitz had joined the cast in lead roles.[16][17][18][19] On January 5, 2016, it was announced that Alexander Skarsgard and James Tupper had joined the main cast and that Jeffrey Nordling, Santiago Cabrera, P. J. Byrne, Kelen Coleman, Sarah Burns, Darby Camp, Cameron and Nicholas Crovetti, Ivy George, Chloe Coleman, Virginia Kull, Sarah Baker, Kathreen Khavari, Larry Bates, Hong Chau, and Gia Carides had joined the show's supporting cast.[20] A few days later, it was reported that Iain Armitage had joined the cast in the role of Woodley's character's son.[21] Soon after that, it was reported that Merrin Dungey, Larry Sullivan, and David Monahan had also joined the cast.[22]
Season 2[edit]
On January 24, 2018, it was announced that Meryl Streep had joined the main cast in the role of Mary Louise Wright, the mother of Perry (played by Alexander Skarsgard in Season 1).[23] In February 2018, it was confirmed that Shailene Woodley, Laura Dern, Zoë Kravitz, Adam Scott, James Tupper, Jeffrey Nordling and Iain Armitage were returning for the second season.[24][25][26] On March 27, 2018, it was announced that Douglas Smith had joined the cast in a recurring role.[27][28]
Filming[edit]
The series was shot with an Arri Alexa digital camera. Jean-Marc Vallée, who directed the entirety of the first season, preferred using natural lighting and handheld shooting style to allow actors to move freely around the set.[29]
Release[edit]
Marketing[edit]
On October 16, 2016, HBO released the first teaser trailer for the series.[30] On December 5, 2016, HBO released a full length trailer for the series.[31]
Premiere[edit]
On February 7, 2017, the series held its official premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles, California.[32][33]
Distribution[edit]
Internationally, the series premiered on February 20, 2017, in Australia on Showcase,[34] and on March 13, 2017, in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Sky Atlantic.[35]
Renewal[edit]
The show was initially conceived of and billed as a miniseries of seven episodes. In the wake of the Emmy nominations, Reese Witherspoon said: "As of right now, I think it's pretty whole. I feel really good about where it is, and if this is all it ever was, it's a beautiful thing we all accomplished together",[29] while Vallée came out strongly against the idea of producing a second season: "There's no reason to make a season two. That was meant to be a one-time deal, and it's finishing in a way where it's for the audience to imagine what can happen. If we do a season two, we'll break that beautiful thing and spoil it".[36] Later, when the show garnered an array of critical accolades, he changed his mind: "It'd be great to reunite the team and to do it. Are we going to be able to do it, altogether? I wish."[37]
In July 2017, two weeks after the series was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series, HBO revealed that a second season was possible, and that Moriarty had been asked to write a story for it.[38] In December 2017, after the Critics' Choice Television Award and Golden Globe Award nomination voting periods were over,[39] HBO officially renewed the series for a seven-episode second season to be written by David E. Kelley and directed by Andrea Arnold.[40] Vallée will remain an executive producer of the series.[41] Meryl Streep will join the cast as the mother of Alexander Skarsgård's character.[42]
The announcement of the second season, and—specifically—its timing, enraged the producers of rival shows that are competing for award nomination in the limited series category.[43] Immediately following HBO's decision to produce a second installment of Big Little Lies, the Producers Guild of America moved to reclassify the original installment of the show from a limited series to a drama series for the upcoming 2018 PGA Awards.[44]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Big Little Lies received critical acclaim. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating from a total of 94 reviews, with an average rating of 7.99/10 and an average episode score of 97%. The site's critical consensus reads, "Bitingly funny and highly addictive, Big Little Lies is a twisty, thrilling, enlightening ride led by a first-rate cast."[45] Metacritic reported a score of 75 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[46]
Time magazine listed Big Little Lies as one of its top ten television shows of 2017.[47]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Somebody's Dead" February 19, 2017 0.3 1.13[3] 0.3 N/A 0.6[48] N/A
2 "Serious Mothering" February 26, 2017 0.2 0.56[4] 0.3 0.84 0.5 1.39[49]
3 "Living the Dream" March 5, 2017 0.4 1.04[5] N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 "Push Comes to Shove" March 12, 2017 0.4 1.04[6] N/A N/A N/A N/A
5 "Once Bitten" March 19, 2017 0.4 1.17[7] N/A N/A N/A N/A
6 "Burning Love" March 26, 2017 0.5 1.39[8] 0.3 N/A 0.8[50] N/A
7 "You Get What You Need" April 2, 2017 0.7 1.86[9] 0.3 0.93 1.0 2.79[51]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
2017 American Film Institute Awards Top Ten Television Programs of the Year Big Little Lies Won [52]
Emmy Awards Outstanding Casting for a Limited Series, Movie or Special David Rubin Won [53]
Outstanding Cinematography for a Limited Series or Movie Yves Bélanger Nominated
Outstanding Contemporary Costumes for a Series, Limited Series or Movie Alix Friedberg, Risa Garcia and Patricia McLaughlin Won
Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie or Dramatic Special Jean-Marc Vallée Won
Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series or Movie Michelle Ceglia, Nickole C. Jones, Lona Vigi, Frances Mathias and Jocelyn Mulhern Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Nicole Kidman Won
Reese Witherspoon Nominated
Outstanding Limited Series Big Little Lies Won
Outstanding Makeup for a Limited Series or Movie (Non-Prosthetic) Steve Artmont, Nicole Artmont, Angela Levin, Molly R Stern and Claudia Humburg Nominated
Outstanding Music Supervision Susan Jacobs Won
Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Limited Series or Movie Veronique Barbe, David Berman, Justin LaChance, Maxime Lahaie, Sylvain Lebel and Jim Vega Nominated
Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Limited Series or Movie Gavin Fernandes, Louis Gignac and Brendan Beebe Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie Alexander Skarsgård Won
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Laura Dern Won
Shailene Woodley Nominated
Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie or Dramatic Special David E. Kelley Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film Nicole Kidman Won [54]
Reese Witherspoon Nominated
Best Miniseries or Television Film Big Little Lies Won
Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Alexander Skarsgård Won
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Laura Dern Won
Shailene Woodley Nominated
TCA Awards Individual Achievement in Drama Nicole Kidman Nominated [55]
Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials Big Little Lies Won
Program of the Year Big Little Lies Nominated
2018 ACE Eddie Awards Best Edited Drama Series for Non-Commercial Television David Berman Nominated [56]
Art Directors Guild Awards Television Movie or Limited Series John Paino (for "Somebody's Dead", "Living the Dream", "You Get What You Need") Nominated [57]
Cinema Audio Society Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Television Movie or Mini-Series Brendan Beebe, Gavin Fernandes, Louis Gignac (for "You Get What You Need") Nominated [58]
Costume Designers Guild Awards Excellence in Contemporary Television Series Alix Friedberg Nominated [59]
Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Actress in a Movie Made for TV or Limited Series Nicole Kidman Won [60]
Reese Witherspoon Nominated
Best Limited Series Big Little Lies Won
Best Supporting Actor in a Movie Made for TV or Limited Series Alexander Skarsgård Won
Best Supporting Actress in a Movie Made for TV or Limited Series Laura Dern Won
Location Managers Guild Awards Outstanding Locations in Contemporary Television Greg Alpert Nominated [61]
Producers Guild of America Awards Norman Felton Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Drama Big Little Lies Nominated [62]
Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Limited Series Laura Dern Nominated [63]
Nicole Kidman Won
Reese Witherspoon Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Limited Series Alexander Skarsgård Won
Writers Guild of America Awards Long Form – Adapted David E. Kelley Won [64]
USC Scripter Awards Best Adapted TV Screenplay David E. Kelley and Liane Moriarty
(for "You Get What You Need") Nominated [65]
Media[edit]
Soundtrack[edit]
A soundtrack for the series was released on Google Play and iTunes on March 31, 2017.[66]
Blu-ray and DVD[edit]
The first season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on August 1, 2017.[67]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (December 8, 2017). "Big Little Lies renewed for season 2 with new director". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Longeretta, Emily (February 16, 2018). "'Big Little Lies' Season 2 Scoop: HBO Reveals Who's Returning, New Character Details". Us Weekly. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 22, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' leads, 'Big Little Lies' has OK premiere". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (February 28, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.26.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 7, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Walking Dead' at lowest point since Season 2, 'Feud' has decent premiere for FX". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (March 16, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.12.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 21, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Into the Badlands' returns lower, but also higher". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (March 28, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Big Little Lies' hits season high, 'Into the Badlands' improves". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (April 4, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' finale lowest since Season 2". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (August 6, 2014). "Nicole Kidman, Reese Witherspoon Team On 'Big Little Lies' Rights Deal". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (November 25, 2014). "Nicole Kidman & Reese Witherspoon To Star In 'Big Little Lies' Limited Series, Penned By David E. Kelley". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (May 8, 2015). "'Big Little Lies' Limited Series Starring Nicole Kidman & Reese Witherspoon Picked Up By HBO". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (October 23, 2015). "Jean-Marc Vallée In Talks To Helm HBO's 'Big Little Lies' With Nicole Kidman, Reese Witherspoon". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (December 17, 2015). "Jean-Marc Vallée To Direct All 7 Episodes Of HBO's 'Big Little Lies'". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (November 28, 2016). "'Big Little Lies' From David E. Kelley Gets Premiere Date On HBO". Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (December 5, 2015). "Shailene Woodley To Join 'Big Little Lies,' Says Nicole Kidman". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (December 9, 2015). "Adam Scott to Co-Star in HBO's Reese Witherspoon, Nicole Kidman Drama (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (December 10, 2015). "Laura Dern Set For HBO's 'Big Little Lies'". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 11, 2015). "Zoë Kravitz Joins HBO's 'Big Little Lies'". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 5, 2016). "Alexander Skarsgard, James Tupper & More Join Nicole Kidman & Reese Witherspoon in HBO's 'Big Little Lies'". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pint-Sized Theater Critic Iain Armitage to Appear Opposite Shailene Woodley in HBO's BIG LITTLE LIES". Broadway World. January 8, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 11, 2016). "'Big Little Lies': Merrin Dungey, Larry Sullivan, David Monahan Join Cast Of HBO Limited Series". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (January 24, 2018). "'Big Little Lies': Meryl Streep Joins Season 2 Cast Of HBO Series". Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 16, 2018). "'Big Little Lies': Shailene Woodley, Laura Dern & Zoë Kravitz Confirmed For Season 2 Return". Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 28, 2018). "'Big Little Lies': Adam Scott Confirmed For Season 2 Return". Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 28, 2018). "'Big Little Lies': James Tupper, Jeffrey Nordling & Iain Armitage Set Season 2 Return". Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (March 27, 2018). "'Big Little Lies': Douglas Smith Joins Season 2 Cast Of HBO Drama". Deadline. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ivie, Devon (March 27, 2018). "Big Little Lies Has Cast a Sexy Surfer Character for Season 2". Vulture. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, Anne (August 7, 2017). "How 'Big Little Lies' broke the rules to lead its Emmy rivals". IndieWire. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lincoln, Ross A. (October 16, 2016). "'Big Little Lies' Teaser: Someone's Papa Was A Rollin' Stone". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (December 6, 2016). "'Big Little Lies' Trailer: Watch HBO's Murderous Moms Of Monterey". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jensen, Erin (February 8, 2017). "Reese Witherspoon, daughter Ava Phillippe are twins at 'Big Little Lies' premiere". USA Today. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porreca, Brian (February 8, 2017). "'Big Little Lies' Premiere: Cast Talks Murder Mystery, TV's Portrayal of Women". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (February 1, 2017). "Airdate: Big Little Lies". TV Tonight. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Little Lies review: someone's going to end up dead – but who?". The Guardian. March 14, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Maria Elena (April 3, 2017). "Big Little Lies Director Jean-Marc Vallée on Why the Finale Gala Was the Toughest Shoot of His Career". Vulture. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nemetz, Dave (September 17, 2017). "Big Little Lies Director Does About-Face on a Possible Season 2: 'It'd Be Great'". TVLine. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 26, 2017). "Big Little Lies: HBO Boss Confirms Season 2 in Early Development". TVLine. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lusinski, Natalia (December 9, 2017). "Here's why Season 2 of "Big Little Lies" is already making people angry". Hello Giggles. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nemetz, Dave (December 8, 2017). "Big Little Lies Officially Returning for Season 2; Kidman, Witherspoon to Star". TVLine. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Menta, Anna (December 8, 2017). "'Big Little Lies' gets season 2, despite director Jean-Marc Vallée once saying it never would". Newsweek. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Meryl Streep to star in Big Little Lies season two". The Guardian. January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Feinberg, Scott (December 8, 2017). "'Big Little Lies' sequel announcement sparks outrage about its awards categorization". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 8, 2017). "'Big Little Lies' moved from Limited Series to Drama Series category by PGA Awards following HBO renewal". Deadline. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Little Lies". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Little Lies: Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Addario, Daniel (November 28, 2017). "The Top 10 Television Shows of 2017". Time. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 2, 2017). "'Taboo' triples in adults 18–49: Cable Live +7 ratings for Feb. 13–19". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 9, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' makes its lead even bigger in cable Live +7 ratings for Feb. 20–26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 6, 2017). "'Major Crimes' makes major gains in cable Live +7 ratings for March 20–26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 13, 2017). "'Underground' makes a big leap in cable Live +7 ratings for March 27 – April 2". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (December 7, 2017). "'Get Out,' 'Wonder Woman,' 'Handmaid's Tale' Make AFI Awards Lists". Variety. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Little Lies". Emmys.com. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt Webb (January 7, 2018). "Golden Globes: Big Little Lies, Handmaid's Tale and Marvelous Mrs. Maisel Are TV's Big Winners". TVLine. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Ryan (August 5, 2017). "TCA Awards: The Handmaid's Tale, Atlanta, Big Little Lies, Carrie Coon Among Big Winners". TVLine. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 3, 2018). "'Dunkirk,' 'Shape of Water,' 'Baby Driver' Among ACE Eddie Awards Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (January 4, 2018). "'Star Wars: The Last Jedi,' 'Dunkirk,' 'Lady Bird' Nab Art Directors Guild Nominations". Variety. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sheehan, Paul (January 10, 2018). "2018 Cinema Audio Society Awards nominations: Oscar frontrunner 'Dunkirk,' 'Star Wars,' 'Wonder Woman..." Gold Derby. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (January 10, 2018). "'Greatest Showman,' 'Young Pope,' 'Phantom Thread' Earn Costume Designers Guild Nominations". Variety. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (January 11, 2018). "Critics' Choice Awards: Big Little Lies, Sterling K. Brown and More TV Winners". TVLine. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sandberg, Bryn Elise (February 22, 2018). "'The Crown,' 'Dunkirk' Among Locations Managers Guild International Awards Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dupre, Elyse (January 5, 2018). "2018 Producers Guild Award Nominations: The Full List of Film and TV Nominees". E! News. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Ryan (January 21, 2018). "SAG Awards: This Is Us, Big Little Lies, Veep, The Crown Among 2018 Winners". TVLine. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Marotta, Jenna (February 11, 2018). "2018 Writers Guild Awards: 'Get Out,' 'Call Me by Your Name,' and 'Jane' Win Film Honors". IndieWire. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tapley, Kristopher (January 16, 2018). "'Wonder Woman,' 'Lost City of Z,' 'Big Little Lies' Among USC Scripter Finalists". Variety. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Big Little Lies (Music From the HBO Limited Series)". Google. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (May 1, 2017). "Big Little Lies – Official HBO Press Release and Package Art for DVDs, Blu-rays". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Big Little Lies on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Television series created by David E. Kelley
Series
Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989–93)
Picket Fences (1992–96)
Chicago Hope (1994–2000)
The Practice (1997–2004)
Ally McBeal (1997–2002)
Ally (1999)
Snoops (1999)
Boston Public (2000–2004)
Girls Club (2002)
The Brotherhood of Poland, New Hampshire (2003)
Boston Legal (2004–2008)
The Law Firm (2005)
The Wedding Bells (2007)
Harry's Law (2011–12)
Monday Mornings (2013)
The Crazy Ones (2013–14)
Goliath (2016–present)
Big Little Lies (2017–present)
Mr. Mercedes (2017–present)
Pilots
Wonder Woman (2011)
[show]
v
t
e
Jean-Marc Vallée
Films directed
Black List (1995)
Los Locos (1997)
Loser Love (1999)
C.R.A.Z.Y. (2005)
The Young Victoria (2009)
Café de Flore (2011)
Dallas Buyers Club (2013)
Wild (2014)
Demolition (2015)
Television
Big Little Lies (2017)
Sharp Objects (2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Andrea Arnold
Film
Wasp (2003)
Red Road (2006)
Fish Tank (2009)
Wuthering Heights (2011)
American Honey (2016)
Television
Big Little Lies (2019)
[show]
v
t
e
HBO programming
[show]
Former
Series
1970s debuts
Inside the NFL
On Location
Race for the Pennant
Standing Room Only ("Vanities")
Tennis on HBO
Time Was
1980s debuts
1st & Ten
America Undercover ("Autopsy", "Real Sex" and "Taxicab Confessions")
Babar
Braingames
Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia Brown
Fraggle Rock
The Ghost of Faffner Hall
The Hitchhiker
The Kids in the Hall
Maximum Security
Not Necessarily the News
One Night Stand
Philip Marlowe, Private Eye
The Ray Bradbury Theater
The Storyteller
Tales from the Crypt
Video Jukebox
1990s debuts
The Adventures of Tintin
Arliss
The Chris Rock Show
The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures
Crashbox
Def Comedy Jam
Dennis Miller Live
Dream On
George and Martha
Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child
HBO Comedy Half-Hour
Hotel Room
The Larry Sanders Show
Lifestories: Families in Crisis
A Little Curious
The Little Lulu Show
Mokku of the Oak Tree
Mr. Show with Bob and David
The Neverending Story
Oz
Perversions of Science
Pippi Longstocking
Rainbow Fish
Reverb
Sex and the City
The Sopranos
Spicy City
Tenacious D
Todd McFarlane's Spawn
Tracey Takes On...
2000s debuts
Animated Tales of the World
Big Love
Bored to Death
Carnivàle
Cathouse: The Series
Classical Baby
Costas Now
Da Ali G Show
Deadwood
Def Poetry Jam
Eastbound & Down
The Electric Company
Entourage
Extras
Flight of the Conchords
G String Divas
Harold and the Purple Crayon
Hung
I Spy
In Treatment
Joe Buck Live
John from Cincinnati
K Street
Kindergarten
KO Nation
The Life & Times of Tim
Little Britain USA
Lucky Louie
The Mind of the Married Man
The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency
On the Record with Bob Costas
Pinky Dinky Doo
Pornucopia
Project Greenlight
Rome
Six Feet Under
Stuart Little: The Animated Series
Summer Heights High
Tales from the Neverending Story
Tell Me You Love Me
True Blood
Tourgasm
Unscripted
The Wire
2010s debuts
After the Thrones
Angry Boys
Any Given Wednesday with Bill Simmons
Boardwalk Empire
The Brink
Doll & Em
Enlightened
Family Tree
Funny or Die Presents
Getting On
Girls
Hello Ladies
How to Make It in America
Ja'mie: Private School Girl
Jonah from Tonga
The Leftovers
Life's Too Short
Looking
Luck
Masterclass
The Newsroom
The Ricky Gervais Show
Togetherness
Treme
Vice Principals
Vinyl
Miniseries
All the Rivers Run
Angels in America
Assume the Position with Mr. Wuhl
Band of Brothers
The Casual Vacancy
The Corner
Elizabeth I
Empire Falls
From the Earth to the Moon
Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways
Generation Kill
House of Saddam
The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst
John Adams
Laurel Avenue
Mildred Pierce
Mosaic
The Night Of
Olive Kitteridge
The Pacific
Parade's End
Show Me a Hero
Tanner '88
[show]
Current and upcoming
Current
All Def Comedy (since 2016)
Animals. (since 2016)
Ballers (since 2015)
Barry (since 2018)
Big Little Lies (since 2017)
Boxing After Dark (since 1996)
The Comeback (2005; since 2014)
Crashing (since 2017)
Curb Your Enthusiasm (since 2000)
The Deuce (since 2017)
Divorce (since 2016)
Game of Thrones (since 2011)
Hard Knocks (since 2001)
HBO World Championship Boxing (since 1973)
Here and Now (since 2018)
High Maintenance (since 2016)
Insecure (since 2016)
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (since 2014)
Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel (since 1995)
Real Time with Bill Maher (since 2003)
Room 104 (since 2017)
Sesame Street (since 2016)
Silicon Valley (since 2014)
Tracey Ullman's Show (since 2016)
True Detective (since 2014)
Veep (since 2012)
Vice (since 2013)
Vice News Tonight (since 2016)
Westworld (since 2016)
The Young Pope (since 2017)
Upcoming
American Lion (TBA)
Camping (TBA)
Chernobyl (TBA)
Confederate (TBA)
Demimonde (TBA)
Esme and Roy (TBA)
Gentleman Jack (TBA)
Lovecraft Country (TBA)
Random Acts of Flyness (TBA)
Sharp Objects (2018)
Succession (2018)
The Undoing (TBA)
Wyatt Cenac's Problem Areas (2018)
See also
HBO Storybook Musicals
HBO Latin America original series
HBO Canada original series
[show]
Awards for Big Little Lies
[show]
v
t
e
Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries
Movie/Miniseries
Sherlock (2012)
Behind the Candelabra (2013)
Fargo, season 2 (2016)
The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016)
Big Little Lies (2017)
Movie
The Normal Heart (2014)
Bessie (2015)
The Wizard of Lies (2017)
Miniseries/Limited Series
Fargo, season 1 (2014)
Olive Kitteridge (2015)
[show]
v
t
e
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series
1973–present
Tom Brown's Schooldays (1973)
Columbo: Double Exposure (1974)
Benjamin Franklin (1975)
Upstairs, Downstairs (1976)
Roots (1977)
Holocaust (1978)
Roots: The Next Generations (1979)
Edward & Mrs. Simpson (1980)
Shōgun (1981)
Marco Polo (1982)
Nicholas Nickleby (1983)
Concealed Enemies (1984)
The Jewel in the Crown (1985)
Peter the Great (1986)
A Year in the Life (1987)
The Murder of Mary Phagan (1988)
War and Remembrance (1989)
Drug Wars: The Camarena Story (1990)
Separate but Equal (1991)
A Woman Named Jackie (1992)
Prime Suspect II (1993)
Prime Suspect III (1994)
Joseph (1995)
Gulliver's Travels (1996)
Prime Suspect: Errors of Judgement (1997)
From the Earth to the Moon (1998)
Hornblower ("The Even Chance" / "The Examination for Lieutenant" / "The Duchess and the Devil" / "The Frogs and the Lobsters") (1999)
The Corner (2000)
Anne Frank: The Whole Story (2001)
Band of Brothers (2002)
Taken (2003)
Angels in America (2004)
The Lost Prince (2005)
Elizabeth I (2006)
Broken Trail (2007)
John Adams (2008)
Little Dorrit (2009)
The Pacific (2010)
Fargo, season 1 (2014)
Olive Kitteridge (2015)
The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016)
Big Little Lies (2017)
Miniseries or Movie
Downton Abbey (2011)
Game Change (2012)
Behind the Candelabra (2013)
[show]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film
The Snow Goose: A Story of Dunkirk (1971)
That Certain Summer (1972)
The Shadow Box (1980)
Bill (1981)
Brideshead Revisited (1982)
The Thorn Birds (1983)
Something About Amelia (1984)
The Jewel in the Crown (1985)
Promise (1986)
Escape from Sobibor (1987)
War and Remembrance (1988)
Lonesome Dove (1989)
Decoration Day (1990)
One Against the Wind (1991)
Sinatra (1992)
Barbarians at the Gate (1993)
The Burning Season (1994)
Indictment: The McMartin Trial (1995)
Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996)
George Wallace (1997)
From the Earth to the Moon (1998)
RKO 281 (1999)
Dirty Pictures (2000)
Band of Brothers (2001)
The Gathering Storm (2002)
Angels in America (2003)
The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (2004)
Empire Falls (2005)
Elizabeth I (2006)
Longford (2007)
John Adams (2008)
Grey Gardens (2009)
Carlos (2010)
Downton Abbey, series 1 (2011)
Game Change (2012)
Behind the Candelabra (2013)
Fargo, season 1 (2014)
Wolf Hall (2015)
The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016)
Big Little Lies (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials
The Burning Bed (1985)
Live Aid (1986)
Robin Williams: An Evening at the Met (1987)
Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam (1988)
What's Alan Watching? (1989)
Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th Anniversary Celebration (1990)
The Civil War (1991)
Billy Crystal – 64th Academy Awards (1992)
Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson (1993)
Prime Suspect III (1994)
Baseball (1995)
Pride and Prejudice (1996)
Bastard out of Carolina (1996)
From the Earth to the Moon (1998)
Joan of Arc (1999)
The Corner (2000)
Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001)
Band of Brothers (2002)
Taken (2003)
Angels in America (2004)
The Office: Christmas Special (2005)
No Direction Home (2006)
Planet Earth (2007)
John Adams (2008)
Grey Gardens (2009)
The Pacific (2010)
Sherlock (2011)
Downton Abbey, series 2 (2012)
Behind the Candelabra (2013)
True Detective, season 1 (2014)
The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst (2015)
The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016)
Big Little Lies (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Little_Lies_(TV_series)&oldid=832760642"
Categories:
2010s American drama television miniseries
2017 American television series debuts
Adultery in television
Domestic violence in television
English-language television programs
Feminist television
HBO network shows
Monterey, California
Nonlinear narrative television series
Rape in fiction
Television programs based on Australian novels
Television series created by David E. Kelley
Television shows set in California
Best Miniseries or Television Movie Golden Globe winners
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from January 2018
Use American English from October 2017
All Wikipedia articles written in American English
Pages using infobox television with editor parameter
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
中文
12 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 March 2018, at 21:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan style

value: ul

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
nofollow
http://www.hbo.com/big-little-lies/
external text

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series

values:
/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards
mw-redirect
Golden Globe Awards

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values:
description
6
border-bottom:solid 3px #F1659B

values:
/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo
mw-redirect
San Luis Obispo

values:
/wiki/Alexander_Skarsgard
mw-redirect
Alexander Skarsgard

values:
/wiki/TCL_Chinese_Theatre
mw-redirect
TCL Chinese Theatre

values:
/wiki/Drama_series
mw-redirect
Drama series

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: data-sort-type class tabindex role title

values:
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;

values:
wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter
text-align:center;

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Limited Series or Movie

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup for a Limited Series or Movie (Non-Prosthetic)

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Supervision

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Limited Series or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Limited Series or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film

values: TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama

values: Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries

values: Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries

values: Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries

values: Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama

values: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie

values: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie

values: Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form – Adapted

values:
/wiki/Showbuzz_Daily
mw-redirect
Showbuzz Daily

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3920596/
external text

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: The Brotherhood of Poland, New Hampshire

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures

values: Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child

values: The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency (TV series)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: List of HBO Latin America original series

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries

values: Template talk:Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries

values: The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #EEDD82;;width:1%

values: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (play)

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries or Movie

values: Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film

values: Template talk:Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film

values: Template:TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials

values: Template talk:TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials

values:
/wiki/The_Civil_War_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
The Civil War (TV series)

values: Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson

values: Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:2010s American drama television miniseries

values: Category:2017 American television series debuts

values: Category:Domestic violence in television

values: Category:Nonlinear narrative television series

values: Category:Television programs based on Australian novels

values: Category:Television series created by David E. Kelley

values: Category:Television shows set in California

values: Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Golden Globe winners

values: Category:Use mdy dates from January 2018

values: Category:Use American English from October 2017

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English

values: Category:Pages using infobox television with editor parameter

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Big_Little_Lies_(TV_series)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: أكاذيب كبيرة صغيرة – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: دروغ‌های کوچک بزرگ (مینی‌سریال) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: 커져버린 사소한 거짓말 (드라마) – Korean

values: Մեծ փոքր ստեր – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: Big Little Lies - Piccole grandi bugie – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Большая маленькая ложь – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Велика маленька брехня (телесеріал) – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Big_Little_Lies_TV_series rootpage-Big_Little_Lies_TV_series skin-vector action-view