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Hurricane Ivan
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Not to be confused with Typhoon Ivan.
This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2004. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Ivan (disambiguation).
Hurricane Ivan
Category 5 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Ivan at peak intensity in the Yucatán Channel on September 13
Formed
September 2, 2004
Dissipated
September 24, 2004
Highest winds
1-minute sustained: 165 mph (270 km/h)
Lowest pressure
910 mbar (hPa); 26.87 inHg
Fatalities
92 direct, 32 indirect
Damage
$23.3 billion (2004 USD)
Areas affected
Windward Islands (especially Grenada), Venezuela, Jamaica, Grand Cayman, Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Texas and most of the United States Gulf Coast
Part of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
Related to Hurricane Ivan
History
Meteorological history
Effects
Lesser Antilles and South America
Greater Antilles
Tornado outbreak
Other wikis
commons:Category:Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Ivan was a large, long-lived, Cape Verde-type hurricane that caused widespread damage in the Caribbean and United States. The cyclone was the ninth named storm, the sixth hurricane and the fourth major hurricane of the active 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Ivan formed in early September, and reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
Ivan caused catastrophic damage to Grenada as a strong Category 3 storm, heavy damage to Jamaica as a strong Category 4 storm and then Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands and the western tip of Cuba as a Category 5 storm. After peaking in strength, the hurricane moved north-northwest across the Gulf of Mexico to strike Pensacola/Milton, Florida and Alabama as a strong Category 3 storm, causing significant damage. Ivan dropped heavy rains on the Southeastern United States as it progressed northeast and east through the eastern United States, becoming an extratropical cyclone. The remnant low from the storm moved into the western subtropical Atlantic and regenerated into a tropical cyclone, which then moved across Florida and the Gulf of Mexico into Louisiana and Texas, causing minimal damage. Ivan caused an estimated US$18 billion (2004 USD, $22.8 billion 2017 USD) in damages to the United States, making it the seventh costliest hurricane ever to strike the country.
Contents
[hide]
1 Meteorological history
1.1 Records
2 Preparations
2.1 Caribbean
2.2 United States
3 Impact
3.1 Southeastern Caribbean and Venezuela
3.2 Jamaica
3.3 Cayman Islands
3.4 Elsewhere in the Caribbean
3.5 United States
3.5.1 Florida
3.5.2 Alabama
3.5.3 Elsewhere in the United States
3.6 Canada
4 Aftermath
4.1 Grenada
4.2 Jamaica
4.3 United States
4.4 Retirement
4.5 Hydrological records
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Meteorological history[edit]
Main article: Meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan
Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
On September 2, 2004, Tropical Depression Nine formed from a large tropical wave southwest of Cape Verde. As the system moved to the west, it strengthened gradually, becoming Tropical Storm Ivan on September 3 and reaching hurricane strength on September 5, 1,150 miles (1,850 km) to the east of Tobago. Later that day, the storm intensified rapidly, and by 5 pm EDT (2100 UTC), Ivan became a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 125 miles per hour (200 km/h). The National Hurricane Center said that the rapid strengthening of Ivan on September 5 was unprecedented at such a low latitude in the Atlantic basin.[1][2]
The eye of Hurricane Ivan as seen from the International Space Station on September 11, 2004.
As it moved east, Ivan weakened slightly because of wind shear in the area.[3] The storm passed over Grenada on September 7, battering several of the Windward Islands. As it entered the Caribbean Sea, Ivan reintensified rapidly and became a Category 5 hurricane just north of the Windward Netherlands Antilles (Curaçao and Bonaire) and Aruba on September 9 with winds reaching 160 mph (260 km/h). Ivan weakened slightly as it moved west-northwest towards Jamaica. As Ivan approached the island late on September 10, it began a westward jog that kept the eye and the strongest winds to the south and west. However, because of its proximity to the Jamaican coast, the island was battered with hurricane-force winds for hours.[1]
After passing Cuba, Ivan resumed a more northerly track and regained Category 5 strength. Ivan's strength continued to fluctuate as it moved west on September 11, and the storm attained its highest winds of 163 mph (262 km/h) as it passed within 30 miles (50 km) of Grand Cayman. Ivan reached its peak strength with a minimum central pressure of 910 millibars (27 inHg) on September 12. Ivan passed through the Yucatán Channel late on September 13 while its eyewall affected the westernmost tip of Cuba. Once over the Gulf of Mexico, it weakened slightly to Category 4 strength, which it maintained while approaching the Gulf Coast of the United States.[1]
Hurricane Ivan at landfall in Baldwin County, Alabama on the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Just before it made landfall in the United States, Ivan's eyewall weakened considerably, and its southwestern portion almost disappeared.[citation needed] Around 2 am CDT September 16 (0700 UTC), Ivan made landfall on the U.S. mainland in Gulf Shores, Alabama as a Category 3 hurricane with 120 mph (190 km/h) winds; some hurricane information sources put the winds from Hurricane Ivan near 130 mph (210 km/h) upon landfall in Alabama and northwestern Florida.[4][5] Ivan then continued inland, maintaining hurricane strength until it was over central Alabama. Ivan weakened rapidly that evening and became a tropical depression the same day, still over Alabama. Ivan lost tropical characteristics on September 18 while crossing Virginia. Later that day, the remnant low drifted off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast into the Atlantic Ocean, and the low pressure disturbance continued to dump rain on the United States.[1]
On September 20, Ivan's remnant surface low completed an anticyclonic loop and moved across the Florida peninsula. As it continued west across the northern Gulf of Mexico, the system reorganized and again took on tropical characteristics.[1] On September 22 the National Weather Service, "after considerable and sometimes animated in-house discussion [regarding] the demise of Ivan,"[6] determined that the low was in fact a result of the remnants of Ivan and thus named it accordingly. On the evening of September 23, the revived Ivan made landfall near Cameron, Louisiana as a tropical depression. Ivan finally dissipated on September 24 as it moved overland into Texas.[1]
Records[edit]
Ivan as a Category 3 hurricane, east of the Windwards on September 5, 2004.
Ivan set 18 new records for intensity at low latitudes. When Ivan first became a Category 3 hurricane on September 3 (1800 UTC), it was centered near 10.2 degrees north from the equator. This is the most southerly location on record for a major hurricane in the Atlantic basin.[1] Just six hours later, Ivan also became the most southerly Category 4 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin when it reached that intensity while located at 10.6 degrees north.[7] Finally, at midnight (UTC) on September 9 while centered at 13.7 degrees north, Ivan became the most southerly Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin.[7] The latter record would not be surpassed until Hurricane Matthew in 2016, which reached Category 5 intensity at 13.4 degrees north.[8] Ivan was also tied with the "Cuba hurricane" as the tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record attaining a minimum atmospheric pressure of 910 millibars (26.87 inHg). This record was later surpassed by Hurricane Maria of 2017 which attained a minimum atmospheric pressure of 908 millibars (26.81 inHg).
Ivan had held the world record of 33 (with 32 consecutive) six-hour periods of intensity at or above Category 4 strength. This record was broken two years later by Pacific Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke, which had 36 (33 consecutive) six-hour periods at Category 4 strength. This contributed to Ivan's total Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 70.38.[9] The tornado outbreak associated with Ivan spawned 120 tornadoes, more than any other tropical cyclone worldwide.
Scientists from the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi have used a computer model to predict that, at the height of the storm, the maximum wave height within Ivan's eyewall reached 131 feet (40 m).[10]
Preparations[edit]
Caribbean[edit]
By September 5, a hurricane watch was posted for Barbados. Early on the following day, a tropical storm watch was issued for Grenada. Later that day, hurricane watches were also put into effect for Saint Lucia, and Martinique. A tropical storm warning was issued for Saint Vincent and Grenadines and Tobago and Grenada. By 1500 UTC on September 6, the hurricane watches and tropical storm watches and warnings were upgraded to a hurricane warning and expanded to: Barbados, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Tobago, Grenada. Simultaneously, a tropical storm warning was issued for Trinidad. On September 7, the hurricane warning in effect for several countries was downgraded to a tropical storm warning. By September, all tropical storm and hurricane watches and warnings were discontinued in the eastern portions of the Windward Islands.[1]
As Ivan continued westward, a hurricane watch was issued for the ABC islands on September 8.[1] Many schools and businesses were closed in the Netherlands Antilles,[11] and about 300 people evacuated their homes on Curaçao.[12]
In the Caribbean, 500,000 Jamaicans were told to evacuate from coastal areas,[13] but only 5,000 were reported to have moved to shelters.[14] 12,000 residents and tourists were evacuated from Isla Mujeres off the Yucatán Peninsula.[15]
United States[edit]
In Louisiana, mandatory evacuations of vulnerable areas in Jefferson, Lafourche, Plaquemines, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, and Tangipahoa parishes took place, with voluntary evacuations ordered in six other parishes. More than one-third of the population of Greater New Orleans evacuated voluntarily, including more than half of the residents of New Orleans itself. At the height of the evacuation, intense traffic congestion on local highways caused delays of up to 12 hours. About a thousand special-needs patients were housed at the Louisiana Superdome during the storm. Ivan was considered a particular threat to the New Orleans area because dangers of catastrophic flooding. However, Plaquemines and St. Bernard Parishes suffered a moderate amount of wind damage. Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans was judged poor.[16] At one point, the media sparked fears of an "Atlantean" catastrophe if the hurricane were to make a direct strike on the city.[17] These fears were not realized, as the storm's path turned further east.
In Mississippi, evacuation of mobile homes and vulnerable areas took place in Hancock, Jackson, and Harrison counties.[18] In Alabama, evacuation in the areas of Mobile and Baldwin counties south of Interstate 10 was ordered, including a third of the incorporated territory of the City of Mobile, as well as several of its suburbs.[19] In Florida, a full evacuation of the Florida Keys began at 7:00 am EDT September 10 but was lifted at 5:00 am EDT September 13 as Ivan tracked further west than originally predicted.[20] Voluntary evacuations were declared in ten counties along the Florida Panhandle, with strong emphasis in the immediate western counties of Escambia, Santa Rosa, and Okaloosa. Ivan prompted the evacuation of 270 animals at "The Little Zoo That Could" in Alabama. The evacuation had to be completed within a couple of hours, with only 28 volunteers available to move the animals.[21]
Impact[edit]
Deaths and damage by country
Country Total
deaths Direct
deaths Damage
(2004 USD)
Barbados 1[22] 1[22] $5 million[22]
Cayman Islands 1[23] 0[23] $2.86 billion[24]
Cuba 0[22] 0[22] $1.2 billion[22]
Dominican Republic 4[1] 4[1] Unknown[1]
Grenada 39[22] 39[22] $1.1 billion[22]
Jamaica 17[1] 17[1] $360 million[1]
Saint Lucia 0[1] 0[1] $2.6 million[1]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0[1] 0[1] $40 million[1]
Trinidad and Tobago 1[25] 1[25] $4.9 million[25]
United States 54[1] 25[1] $13 billion[1]
Venezuela 3[22] 3[22] unknown[22]
Totals: 120[1] 90[1] ~$19.88 billion[1]
Ivan killed 64 people in the Caribbean—mainly in Grenada and Jamaica—three in Venezuela, and 25 in the United States, including fourteen in Florida. Thirty-two more deaths in the United States were indirectly attributed to Ivan. While traversing the eastern United States, Ivan spawned 120 tornadoes, striking communities along concentric arcs on the leading edge of the storm.[26] In Florida, Blountstown, Marianna, and Panama City Beach suffered three of the most devastating tornadoes. A Panama City Beach news station was nearly hit by an F2 tornado during the storm.[27] Ivan also caused over US$13 billion (2004 USD, $16.5 billion 2017 USD) in damages in the United States and US$3 billion in the Caribbean (2004 USD, $3.8 billion 2017 USD).
Southeastern Caribbean and Venezuela[edit]
Aftermath of Hurricane Ivan in Grenada
Main article: Effects of Hurricane Ivan in the Lesser Antilles and South America
Ivan passed directly over Grenada on September 7, 2004, killing 39 people. The capital, St. George's, was severely damaged and several notable buildings were destroyed, including the residence of the prime minister. Ivan also caused extensive damage to a local prison, allowing most of the inmates to escape. The island, in the words of a Caribbean disaster official, suffered "total devastation." According to a member of the Grenadian parliament, at least 85% of the small island was devastated.[28] Extensive looting was reported. In all, damage on the island totalled US$815 million (2004 USD, $1.03 billion 2017 USD).[1]
Elsewhere in the Caribbean, a pregnant woman was killed in Tobago when a tree fell on top of her home,[11] and a 75-year-old Canadian woman drowned in Barbados.[1] Three deaths were reported in Venezuela.[29] Over five hundred homes on Barbados[30] and around 60 homes in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were either damaged or destroyed.[1][25]
Jamaica[edit]
Main article: Effects of Hurricane Ivan in the Greater Antilles
On September 11 – 12, the center of Ivan passed near Jamaica, causing significant wind and flood damage. Overall, 17 people were killed in Jamaica and 18,000 people were left homeless as a result of the flood waters and high winds.[31] Most of the major resorts and hotels fared well, though, and were reopened only a few days after Ivan had passed.[32] Damage on Jamaica totaled US$360 million (2004 USD, $456 million 2017 USD).[1]
Cayman Islands[edit]
Damage from Ivan in the Cayman Islands.
In the Cayman Islands, Governor Bruce Dinwiddy described damage as "very, very severe and widespread." Despite strict building codes which made the islands' buildings well able to withstand even major hurricanes, Ivan's winds and storm surge were so strong that a quarter or more of the buildings on the islands were reported to be uninhabitable, with 85% damaged to some extent. Much of Grand Cayman still remained without power, water, or sewer services for several months later. After five months, barely half the pre-Ivan hotel rooms were usable. Only one person was killed on the islands,[22] though at first many deaths were suspected because of the many graves that were washed up during the storm.[citation needed] Damage across the territory was catastrophic, with losses amounting to US$2.86 billion or 183 percent of its gross domestic product.[24] The Letter from the Cayman Islands Government Office in the United Kingdom, 8 October 2004 by McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business details the intensity, extent of damage, and recovery process during the months that followed.[33]
Elsewhere in the Caribbean[edit]
There were four deaths in the Dominican Republic. The region's Caribbean Development Bank estimates Ivan caused over US$3 billion (2004 USD, $3.8 billion 2017 USD) damage on island nations, mostly in the Cayman Islands, Grenada, and Jamaica.[1] Minor damage, including some beach erosion, was reported in the ABC islands.[34]
Even though Ivan did not make landfall on Cuban soil, its storm surge caused localized flooding on Santiago de Cuba and Granma, on the southern part of the island. At Cienfuegos, the storm produced waves of 15 feet (4.6 m), and Pinar del Río recorded 13.3 inches (340 mm) of rainfall. While there were no casualties on the island, the Cuban government estimates that about US$1.2 billion (2004 USD, $1.52 billion 2017 USD) of property damage were directly due to Ivan.[22]
United States[edit]
Hurricane Ivan sank and stacked numerous boats at Bayou Grande Marina at NAS Pensacola.
Along with the 14 deaths in Florida, Ivan is blamed for eight deaths in North Carolina, two in Georgia, and one in Mississippi. An additional 32 deaths were reported as indirectly caused by the storm.[1]
As it passed over the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, Ivan caused the destruction of Taylor Energy's Mississippi Canyon 20-A production platform, 550 feet above 28 producing oil and gas wells drilled in water 479 feet deep. Waves estimated to be 71 feet caused tremendous pressures below the surface, causing a landslide that obliterated the platform. Hundreds of gallons of oil per day were still leaking onto the surface of the Gulf ten years later in 2014, and continue to appear to the present date [2].
Ivan caused an estimated US$13 billion (2004 USD, $16.5 billion 2017 USD) in damage in the United States alone, making it the third costliest hurricane on record at the time, just behind Hurricane Charley's US$14 billion (2004 USD, $17.8 billion 2017 USD), and above Hurricane Hugo. It has since fallen to seventh place.[35]
Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes
Cost refers to total estimated property damage
Rank
Hurricane
Season
Damage
1
Katrina 2005 7011108000000000000♠$108 billion
2
Sandy 2012 7010714000000000000♠$71.4 billion
3
Ike 2008 7010295200000000000♠$29.5 billion
4
Andrew 1992 7010265000000000000♠$26.5 billion
5
Wilma 2005 7010210070000000000♠$21 billion
6
Ivan 2004 7010188200000000000♠$18.8 billion
7
Irene 2011 7010156000000000000♠$15.6 billion
8
Charley 2004 7010151130000000000♠$15.1 billion
9
Rita 2005 7010120370000000000♠$12 billion
10
Matthew 2016 7010100000000000000♠$10 billion
Source: National Hurricane Center[36][37][38][nb 1]
Florida[edit]
As Ivan made landfall on the U.S. coastline in Florida, there was heavy damage as observed in Pensacola, Gulf Breeze, Navarre Beach, and Pensacola Beach, dwellings situated far inland, as much as 20 miles (32 km) from the Gulf coast, along the shorelines of Escambia Bay, East Bay, Blackwater Bay, and Ward Basin in Escambia County and Santa Rosa County, and Fort Walton Beach, Florida on the eastern side of the storm. The area just west of Pensacola, including the community of Warrington (which includes Pensacola NAS), Perdido Key, and Innerarity Point, took the brunt of the storm. Some of the subdivisions in this part of the county were completely destroyed, with a few key roads in the Perdido area only opened in late 2005, over a year after the storm hit. Shattered windows from gusts and flying projectiles experienced throughout the night of the storm were common. As of December 2007, roads remained closed on Pensacola Beach because of damage from Ivan's storm surge.[39]
In Pensacola, the Interstate 10 Escambia Bay Bridge was heavily damaged, with as much as a quarter-mile (400 m) of the bridge collapsing into the bay. The causeway that carries U.S. Highway 90 across the northern part of the same bay was also heavily damaged. Virtually all of Perdido Key, an area on the outskirts of Pensacola that bore the brunt of Ivan's winds and rain, was essentially leveled. High surf and wind brought extensive damage to Innerarity Point.[39]
On September 26, 2006, over two years after Ivan struck the region, funding for the last 501 FEMA-provided trailers ran out for those living in Santa Rosa and Escambia counties.[39]
Alabama[edit]
Damage from Ivan at the Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge
The city of Demopolis, over 100 miles (160 km) inland in west-central Alabama, endured wind gusts estimated at 90 mph (140 km/h), while Montgomery saw wind gusts in the 60 to 70 mph (97 to 113 km/h) range at the height of the storm.[40]
The heaviest damage as Ivan made landfall on the U.S. coastline was observed in Baldwin County in Alabama, where the storm's eye (and eyewall) made landfall. High surf and wind brought extensive damage to Orange Beach near the border with Florida. There, two five-story condominium buildings were undermined to the point of collapse by Ivan's storm surge of 14 feet (4.3 m). Both were made of steel-reinforced concrete. Debris gathered in piles along the storm tide, exacerbating the damage when the floodwaters crashed into homes sitting on pilings.[41] Brewton, a community about 50 miles (80 km) inland, also suffered severe damage.
In addition to the damage to the southern portions of the state, there was extensive damage to the state's electrical grid. At the height of the outages, Alabama Power reported 489,000 subscribers had lost electrical power—roughly half of its subscriber base.
Rainfall in the United States caused by Ivan
Elsewhere in the United States[edit]
Further inland, Ivan caused major flooding, bringing the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta and many other rivers and streams to levels at or near 100-year records. The Delaware River and its tributaries crested just below their all-time records set by Hurricane Diane in 1955. Locations in southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts received over 7 inches of rainfall from the remnants of Ivan, causing flooding and mudslides. In Connecticut, high winds moved in quickly and unexpectedly, and a boater was killed when his trimaran capsized in 50-knot winds on Long Island Sound.[42]
In western North Carolina, many streams and rivers reached well above flood stage in an area that was heavily flood damaged just a week and a half prior from the remnants of Hurricane Frances, causing many roads to be closed. High winds contributed to widespread power outages throughout the mountainous region. The Blue Ridge Parkway as well as Interstate 40 through the Pigeon River gorge in Haywood County, North Carolina sustained major damage, and landslides were common across the mountains. There was major flooding along the French Broad River and Swannanoa River in Asheville, North Carolina and along the Pigeon River near Canton, North Carolina. As a result of the rain, a major debris flow of mud, rocks, trees, and water surged down Peek's Creek, near Franklin, North Carolina, sweeping away 15 houses and killing five people.[43][44]
The system also spawned deadly tornadoes as far north as Maryland[45] and destroyed seven oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico while at sea. While crossing over the Mid-Atlantic states, Ivan's remnants spawned 117 tornadoes across the eastern United States, with the 40 tornadoes spawned in Virginia on September 17 setting a daily record for the commonwealth.[46] Ivan then moved into the Wheeling, West Virginia and Pittsburgh area, causing major flooding and gusty winds. Pittsburgh International Airport recorded the highest 24-hour rainfall for Pittsburgh, recording 5.95 inches (151 mm) of rain.[47] Ivan's rain caused widespread flooding. The Juniata River basin was flooded, and the Frankstown Branch crested at its highest level ever.[48] After Ivan regenerated in the Gulf of Mexico, it caused further heavy rainfall up to 8 inches (200 mm) in areas of Louisiana and Texas.
Canada[edit]
On the morning of September 21, the remnant mid-level circulation of Ivan combined with a frontal system. This produced a plume of moisture over the Canadian Maritimes for four days, producing heavy rainfall totaling 6.2 inches (160 mm) in Gander, Newfoundland. High winds of up to 89 mph (143 km/h) downed trees and caused power outages in Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and eastern Nova Scotia. The system produced intense waves of up to 50 feet (15 m) near Cape Bonavista. The system killed two when it grounded a fishing vessel and was indirectly responsible for four traffic fatalities in Newfoundland.[49]
Aftermath[edit]
Grenada[edit]
See also: Effects of Hurricane Ivan in the Lesser Antilles and South America § Grenada
Grenada suffered serious economic repercussions following the destruction caused by Ivan. Before Ivan, the economy of Grenada was projected to grow by 4.7%, but the island's economy instead contracted by nearly 3% in 2004. The economy was also projected to grow by at least 5% through 2007, but, as of 2005[update], that estimate had been lowered to less than 1%. The government of Grenada also admitted that government debt, 130% of the island's GDP, was "unsustainable" in October 2004 and appointed a group of professional debt advisors in January 2005 to help seek a cooperative restructuring agreement with creditors.[50]
More than US$150 million was sent to Grenada in 2004 to aid reconstruction following Ivan, but the economic situation remains fragile. The International Monetary Fund reports that as "difficult enough as the present fiscal situation is, it is unfortunately quite easy to envisage circumstances that would make it even more so." Furthermore, "shortfalls in donor financing and tax revenues, or events such as a further rise in global oil prices, pose a grave risk."[51]
Jamaica[edit]
By two days after Ivan's passage, USAID’s hurricane recovery program distributed emergency relief supplies for families who were displaced by the storm. During phase one of the recovery program, communities restored three tourist sites, cleared agricultural lands, and completed disaster mitigation. In addition, the U.S. Peace Corps completed thirty small projects in rural communities and low income neighborhoods. 66 health clinics, 25 schools, and 62 water and sanitation systems were repaired during the first phase of recovery. About 1,379 farmers, herders and micro businesses became eligible for grants. By 2005, 55 schools and colleges were repaired, while restoration of 1,560 houses had occurred.[52]
United States[edit]
On September 27, 2004, President of the United States George W. Bush submitted a budget to the United States Congress which requested over $7 billion (2004 USD) in aid to victims of Hurricane Ivan and Jeanne in the following states: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Over half of the $7 billion (2004 USD) was to cover uninsured damage to property and public infrastructure. $889 million was spent to repair Department of Defense facilities. About $600 million was earmarked for emergency repairs to highways and road damaged by Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. The Small Business Administration (SBA) used $472 million to provide loans for small businesses and homeowners affected by the storm. Approximately $400 million was given by the United States Department of Agriculture to provide financial assistance agricultural producers suffering crop and other losses. Around $132 million (2004 USD) was used to repair Federal facilities by several government agencies, including: United States Coast Guard, Federal Bureau of Prisons, the United States Forest Service, and the Federal Aviation Administration. The United States Army Corps of Engineers used $81 million (2004 USD) for restoration of coastal areas affected by Ivan. In addition, $50 million (2004 USD) of which was for disaster and famine assistance funds Grenada, Jamaica, and Haiti.[53]
Following the storm in Alabama, more than 167,700 people applied for assistance in 65 counties in the state. over 51 counties in the state became eligible for public assistance. As a result, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA) received $735 million (2004 USD), which was spent in disaster assistance, and included: low-interest loans for homeowners and businesses, disaster food stamps, Disaster Unemployment Assistance to those left unemployed as a result of Ivan, "Project Rebound", and to fill the 5,856 National Flood Insurance Program claims. In addition, there were repairs to public infrastructure such as roads, bridges, buildings, utilities, facilities, and parks. 20 Disaster Recovery Centers were opened in 13 counties, which also included the Poarch Creek Indian Reservation. Overall, FEMA paid 90% of the $735 million (2004 USD), while the AEMA paid for the other 10%.[54]
Ivan is suspected of bringing spores of soybean rust from Venezuela into the United States, the first ever occurrences of soybean rust found in North America. Since the Florida soybean crop had already been mostly harvested, economic damage was limited. Some of the most severe outbreaks in South America have been known to reduce soybean crop yields by half or more.[55] Following the storm, more than 138,500 residents in 15 counties of the Florida Panhandle applied for federal and state aid. In those counties, a total of $162.6 million was approved by FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program. In addition, residents of 24 other counties in Florida were eligible for grants and loans. By September 2005, more than $1.4 billion (2004 USD) in federal and state assistance was approved for residents and communities in the Florida Panhandle. In addition, the National Flood Insurance Program paid nearly $869 million (2004 USD) for more than 9,800 insurance claims after Ivan.[56]
More than $4 million (2004 USD) in disaster assistance was approved for Mississippi by FEMA and the Mississippi Emergency Management Agency (MEMA). In addition, the SBA issued nearly 3,000 applications for low-interest loans to homeowners, renters, landlords, businesses, and non-profit organizations. The loans covered up to $200,000 in real estate repairs/replacements and up to $40,000 in repairs/replacements of personal property.[57]
Residents and business owners in eight parishes of Louisiana became eligible for disaster assistance. By one week before the deadline to apply on November 15, 2004, about 9,527 residents applied for disaster assistance. Overall, FEMA and the Government of Louisiana provided more than $3.8 million (2004 USD) to those that requested assistance. In addition, the SBA also allowed applications for loans to repair personal property until that day.[58]
Retirement[edit]
See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
This storm marked the third occasion the name "Ivan" had been used to name a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic, as well as the fifth of six occurrences worldwide. Because of the severe damage and number of deaths in the Caribbean and United States, the name Ivan was retired in the spring of 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization and will never again be used in the Atlantic basin.[59] It was replaced by Igor for the 2010 season.[60]
Hydrological records[edit]
Ivan broke several hydrological records; it is credited with possibly causing the largest ocean wave ever recorded, a 91-foot (28-meter) wave that may have been as high as 131 ft (40 m), and the fastest seafloor current, at 2.25 m/s (5 mph).[61]
See also[edit]
Tropical cyclones portal
Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak
List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
List of North Carolina hurricanes (1980–present)
List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States
Timeline of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ All damage figures in this table are in the USD amounts of their respective year.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Stewart, Stacey (May 22, 2005). "Hurricane Ivan Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Pasch, Richard (September 5, 2004). "Hurricane Ivan Discussion Number 14". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Pasch, Richard (September 6, 2004). "Hurricane Ivan Advisory Number 18". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Barringer, Felicity/Revkin, Andrew (September 17, 2004). Hurricane Ivan: The overview; Hurricane's Fury Kills 23 Along Gulf. New York Times (Report). Retrieved September 7, 2010. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Machos, G. Hurricane Ivan Roars through the Caribbean and United States Gulf Coast (Report). Hurricaneville. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Avila, Lixion (September 22, 2004). "Tropical Depression Ivan Special Discussion Number 67". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Easy to Read HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Stacy R (April 3, 2017). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Matthew 2016 (PDF) (Technical report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 11. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Crouch, Jake (July 31, 2009). "State of the Climate Hurricanes & Tropical Storms September 2004". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Wang, David (August 5, 2005). "NRL Measures Record Wave During Hurricane Ivan". Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Agence France-Presse (September 9, 2004). "Hurricane Ivan kills at least 14 in Caribbean". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on July 23, 2007. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (2004). "Ivan leaves at least 12 dead in Grenada". Archived from the original on October 11, 2004. Retrieved November 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ Jamaica Observer (2004). "500,000 to evacuate, Many refuse to leave". Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ FOXNews.com (September 11, 2004). "Hurricane Ivan Pounds Jamaica". Fox News. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Environment News Service (2004). "Storm Weary Florida Braces for Hurricane Ivan". Retrieved February 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Natural Hazards Observer (November 2004). What if Hurricane Ivan Had Not Missed New Orleans? Retrieved on February 3, 2008.
Jump up ^ USA Today. Direct hit by Ivan in New Orleans could mean a modern Atlantis. Retrieved on September 14, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Evacuation, coast could feel force of storm for as long as 31 hours". Sun Herald. September 15, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Shelters on the Gulf Coast fill up as Dennis strengthens". USA Today. July 10, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Fla. Keys evacuate after Ivan pummels Caribbean, kills 1". USA Today. September 7, 2004.
Jump up ^ Kevin McDonough (February 15, 2006). "Animals saved from storm on ‘Zoo’". The Spokesman Review.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n World Meteorological Organization (2005). "Twenty-seventh Session, RA IV Hurricane Committee: Final Report" (PDF). Retrieved April 27, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Caribbean Update (January 1, 2005). "Ivan cost US$3.5 billion". The Gale Group. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Macro Socio-Economic Assessment of the Damage and Losses Caused by Hurricane Paloma (PDF) (Report). United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. April 2009. p. vii. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2004). "Caribbean: Hurricane Ivan Information Bulletin" (PDF). www.ifrc.org. Retrieved November 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ CNN. Ivan's stormy trek floods Southeast. Retrieved on September 16, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Video of the tornado".
Jump up ^ "Cuba mostly spared Ivan's wrath". MSNBC. Associated Press. September 15, 2004. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ World Meteorological Organization (2005). "Twenty-Seventh Session RA IV Hurricane Committee" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Government of Barbados (January 13, 2006). "Barbados: Hurricane Ivan housing recovery project winding-up". ReliefWeb. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ United States Department of State. U.S. Gives Jamaica ,50,000 for School Equipment and Supplies. Archived May 27, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on February 16, 2005.
Jump up ^ Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. News Conference Report: Tourism impact on the Caribbean by Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, Jeanne. Archived May 28, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on September 30, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Letter from the Cayman Islands Government Office in the United Kingdom, 8 October 2004". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 8 October 2004. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Kitty Bean Yancey (September 17, 2004). "Grenada, Grand Cayman, Grand Bahama feel the pain". USA Today.
Jump up ^ Blake, Eric; Landsea, Christopher; Gibney, Ethan (August 2011). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 To 2010" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Blake, Eric S; Landsea, Christopher W; Gibney, Ethan J; National Climatic Data Center; National Hurricane Center (August 10, 2011). The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) (PDF) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-6). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 47. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Blake, Eric S; Kimberlain, Todd B; Berg, Robert J; Cangialosi, John P; Beven II, John L; National Hurricane Center (February 12, 2013). Hurricane Sandy: October 22 – 29, 2012 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on February 17, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hurricane/Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy, October 22–29, 2012 (PDF) (Service Assessment). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. May 2013. p. 10. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hayes, Franklin (September 21, 2006). "Elderly Left Homeless by FEMA Deadline". Gulf Breeze News. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ National Weather Service Forecast Office Birmingham, AL (March 22, 2006). "Hurricane Ivan...September 2004". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Timothy P. Marshall. Hurricane Ivan Damage Survey. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ New York Times. [1]
Jump up ^ Dnet Web Services. Peeks Creek Photos. Archived March 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ North Carolina Geological Survey. Landslides. Archived May 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ The Washington Times. Maryland women die in Ivan's wake. Retrieved September 19, 2004.
Jump up ^ Virginia Department of Emergency Management. Virginia's Weather History: Virginia Tornadoes. Archived May 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on February 3, 2008.
Jump up ^ National Weather Service Forecast Office, Pittsburgh, PA. NWS Pittsburgh Hourly Climate Data Archive, August, 2004. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency. Ivan Flooding Situation Reports: September 28, 2004, Situation Report #15. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.[dead link]
Jump up ^ Canadian Hurricane Centre (2004). "2004 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary". Archived from the original on May 1, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
Jump up ^ Ministry of Finance; Government of Grenada (February 22, 2005). "IMF statement on Grenada". Archived from the original on August 18, 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Green, Eric (February 24, 2005). "Grenada Making Comeback from Hurricane Ivan". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on November 22, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "USAID/Jamaica – CAR Hurricane Ivan Recovery Program in Jamaica" (PDF). United States Agency for International Development. June 30, 2005. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John (September 27, 2004). "Fact Sheet: Responding to Hurricanes Ivan and Jeanne". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ United States Department of Homeland Security (March 10, 2005). "Alabama Disaster Assistance Approaches $735 Million Dollars". Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Soybean Rust Confirmed In Florida. Archived March 7, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on November 17, 2004.
Jump up ^ United States Department of Homeland Security (September 9, 2005). "Hurricane Ivan Recovery In The Panhandle Adds Up To $1.4 Billion". Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ United States Department of Homeland Security (October 5, 2004). "More Than $4 Million In Disaster Aid". Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ United States Department of Homeland Security (November 9, 2004). "Disaster Application Deadline Approaches". Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954". National Hurricane Center. 2009. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names". National Hurricane Center. 2010. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ Simons, Paul; Hamilton, Alan (June 15, 2005). "The ten-storey Mexican wave". The Times. London. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Ivan.
NHC Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Ivan
NHC advisory archives for Hurricane Ivan
HPC Rainfall Page for Ivan
Thanks for the Pageviews, Ivan
Ivan May Just Be a Messenger
"Waves Hit Navarre Pier Hard During Hurricane Ivan's Approach" as found in the State Library and Archives of Florida
Hurricane Ivan (YouTube)
[show]
v
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Retired Atlantic hurricane names
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Ivan&oldid=804414061"
Categories:
Hurricane Ivan
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text:
Planet Terror
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Planet Terror
One of the theatrical commercial posters
Directed by
Robert Rodriguez
Produced by
Elizabeth Avellán
Robert Rodriguez
Quentin Tarantino
Written by
Robert Rodriguez
Starring
Rose McGowan
Freddy Rodriguez
Michael Biehn
Jeff Fahey
Josh Brolin
Marley Shelton
Stacy Ferguson
Bruce Willis
Music by
Robert Rodriguez
Cinematography
Robert Rodriguez
Edited by
Robert Rodriguez
Ethan Maniquis
Production
company
Rodriguez International Pictures
Troublemaker Studios
Distributed by
Dimension Films
Release date
April 6, 2007 (2007-04-06)
Running time
101 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Spanish
Box office
$10.9 million[1]
Planet Terror is a 2007 American zombie film directed by Robert Rodriguez and starring Rose McGowan, Freddy Rodriguez, Josh Brolin, Marley Shelton, Naveen Andrews, Michael Biehn, Jeff Fahey, Stacy Ferguson, and Bruce Willis. It follows a group of people attempting to survive an onslaught of zombie-like creatures as they feud with a military unit. It was released theatrically in North America as part of a double feature with Quentin Tarantino's Death Proof under the title Grindhouse, to emulate the experience of viewing exploitation films in a "grindhouse" theater. In addition to directing the film, Rodriguez wrote the script, directed the cinematography, wrote the musical score, co-edited, and produced it.
Released on April 6, 2007, Grindhouse ticket sales were significantly below box office analysts expectations, despite mostly positive reviews. Outside the U.S and released separately, Planet Terror and Death Proof screened in extended versions.[2] Two soundtracks were also released for the features and include music and audio snippets from the film. Planet Terror was released on DVD in the United States and Canada on October 23, 2007.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 History and development
4 Production
4.1 Directing
4.2 Casting
4.3 Special effects
4.4 Editing
4.5 Music
5 Theatrical release
6 Alternative versions
7 Home release
8 Critical reception
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In rural Texas, go-go dancer Cherry Darling, resigning from her low-paying job, runs into her mysterious ex-boyfriend El Wray at the Bone Shack, a restaurant owned by brothers J.T. and Sheriff Hague. Meanwhile, the demented Lt. Muldoon and his men are making a transaction with chemical engineer Abby for mass quantities of DC2 (codename "Project Terror"), a deadly biochemical agent. When Muldoon learns that Abby has an extra supply, he attempts to take Abby hostage. The latter intentionally releases the gas into the air, mutating most of the town's residents into deformed zombies. The infected townspeople are treated by the sinister Dr. William Block and his unhappy, unfaithful, bisexual anesthesiologist wife, Dakota, at a local hospital.
Random attacks begin along the highway, causing El Wray, with Cherry, to crash his truck. In the aftermath, several zombies tear off Cherry's right leg. At the hospital is another victim, Tammy, the former lover of Dakota. Block recognizes her and compares text messages on Tammy's and his wife's phones, realizing Dakota was about to leave him. He then stabs Dakota's hands with her anesthetic syringe needles repeatedly, rendering them useless, before locking her in a closet to tend to other patients, including Cherry, who is still alive.
El Wray is detained by Sheriff Hague based on past encounters between the two. As the patients mutate, El Wray leaves the station and arrives at the hospital, attaching a wooden table leg to Cherry's stump. As El Wray and Cherry fight their way out of the zombie-infested hospital, Dakota escapes in her car, despite accidentally breaking her left wrist as her hands are still numb. Meanwhile, Block becomes infected along with others, while Cherry and El Wray take refuge at the Bone Shack.
Dakota retrieves her son Tony and takes him to her father, Texas Ranger Earl McGraw. Tony, given a revolver by his mother, accidentally shoots himself in the face after being told not to point it at himself. Cherry and El Wray make love in J.T.'s bedroom. Due to a "missing reel", what happens after this is unknown; When the film returns, Sheriff Hague has been shot in the neck by one of his officers, zombies are massing outside the burning Bone Shack and El Wray's true identity is implied by Hague. Dakota, Earl, Cherry's former boss Skip, and Tony's crazed babysitter twins arrive at the Bone Shack. With Hague badly injured, the group decides to flee to the Mexican border, before being stopped by a large mass of zombies. Muldoon's men arrive, killing the zombies before arresting them. Abby tells them that the soldiers are stealing the gas supply because they are infected, constant inhalation of the gas delays mutation. They also learn that a small percentage of the population is immune, suggesting a possible treatment, which is why Muldoon quarantined the survivors.
As Cherry and Dakota are taken away by two soldiers, the others defeat the security guards. J.T. sustains a gunshot wound in the process while the group searches for Muldoon. Discovered by El Wray and Abby, Muldoon explains that he killed Osama bin Laden before he and his men were infected and were ordered to protect the area. El Wray offers a respectful recognition of Muldoon's military service before he and Abby shoot the mutating Muldoon.
Meanwhile, Cherry is forced to dance by the first soldier held at gunpoint. Eventually, she breaks her wooden leg across his face and stabs him in his eye with it. Dakota, after realizing her hands have regained feeling, quick-draws her syringe launcher and stuns the second soldier. El Wray and Abby arrive to rescue Cherry and Dakota, and El Wray replaces Cherry's broken wooden leg with a modified M4 Carbine with an M203. She promptly kills the first soldier and several zombies with it.
J.T., wounded and lying beside his dying brother, stays behind to detonate explosives to eliminate the remaining zombies while the others flee. The survivors make plans to escape by stealing helicopters but must fight past the remaining zombies. Abby dies, along with hope for a cure, when a ballistic projectile blows his head up. The survivors use the blade tips of their helicopter to kill the rest. However, while saving Cherry from a zombie, El Wray is fatally wounded. In the epilogue, Cherry, now sporting a minigun leg, leads the group and many more survivors to the Caribbean beach at Tulum, where they start a peaceful new society during a world-wide zombie outbreak. It is also revealed that Cherry has given birth to El Wray's daughter (alluded to earlier during El Wray's final scene when he puts his hand on her stomach and restates his motto "I never miss").
In a post-credits scene, Tony is sitting on the beach at the survivor's "base" playing with his turtle, scorpion and tarantula.
Cast[edit]
Rose McGowan as Cherry Darling
Freddy Rodriguez as El Wray
Josh Brolin as Dr. William Block
Marley Shelton as Dr. Dakota Block
Rebel Rodriguez as Tony Block
Jeff Fahey as J.T. Hague
Michael Biehn as Sheriff Hague
Bruce Willis as Lt. Muldoon
Electra and Elise Avellan as Crazy Babysitter Twins
Naveen Andrews as Abby
Julio Oscar Mechoso as Romey
Stacy Ferguson as Tammy Visan
Nicky Katt as Joe
Hung Nguyen as Dr. Crane
Tom Savini as Deputy Tolo
Carlos Gallardo as Deputy Carlos
Skip Reissig as Skip
Quentin Tarantino as Rapist #1
Greg Kelly as Rapist #2
Michael Parks as Earl McGraw
Jerili Romero as Ramona McGraw
Felix Sabates as Dr. Felix
History and development[edit]
Dutch promotional poster
Robert Rodriguez first came up with the idea for Planet Terror during the production of The Faculty. "I remember telling Elijah Wood and Josh Hartnett, all these young actors, that zombie movies were dead and hadn't been around in a while, but that I thought they were going to come back in a big way because they’d been gone for so long," recalled Rodriguez, "I said, 'We've got to be there first.' I had [a script] I’d started writing. It was about 30 pages, and I said to them, 'There are characters for all of you to play.' We got all excited about it, and then I didn't know where to go with it. The introduction was about as far as I'd gotten, and then I got onto other movies. Sure enough, the zombie [movie] invasion happened and they all came back again, and I was like, 'Ah, I knew that I should've made my zombie film.'" The story was reapproached when the idea for Grindhouse was developed by Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino.[3]
Planet Terror is preceded by a fake trailer for a film titled Machete, starring Danny Trejo and Cheech Marin, as it had during the original "double feature" presentation of Grindhouse. Rodriguez wrote Machete in 1993 as a full feature for Danny Trejo. "I had cast him in Desperado and I remember thinking, 'Wow, this guy should have his own series of Mexican exploitation movies like Charles Bronson or like Jean-Claude Van Damme.' So I wrote him this idea of a federale from Mexico who gets hired to do hatchet jobs in the U.S. I had heard sometimes FBI or DEA have a really tough job that they don't want to get their own agents killed on, they'll hire an agent from Mexico to come do the job for $25,000. I thought, 'That's Machete. He would come and do a really dangerous job for a lot of money to him but for everyone else over here it's peanuts.' But I never got around to making it."[4] It was later announced that the trailer would be made as a feature film Machete.[5][6] As for the reference to "Project Terror," Rodriguez paid homage to the late night horror show "Project Terror" which aired in Rodriguez's hometown of San Antonio, Texas on KENS-TV during the 1970s and early 1980s.
Production[edit]
Directing[edit]
According to actress Marley Shelton, Rodriguez and Tarantino "really co-directed, at least Planet Terror. Quentin was on set a lot. He had notes and adjustments to our performances and he changed lines every once in a while. Of course, he always deferred to Robert on Planet Terror and vice versa for Death Proof. So it's really both of their brainchild."[7] Tarantino has stated, "I can't imagine doing Grindhouse with any other director in the way me and Robert did it because I just had complete faith and trust in him. So much so that we didn't actually see each other's movie completed until three weeks before the film opened. It was as if we worked in little vacuums and cut our movies down, and then put them together and watched it all play, and then made a couple of little changes after that, and pretty much that was it."[8] Rodriguez acted as cinematographer on Planet Terror, as he had done on some of his earlier films.[9]
Casting[edit]
Many of the cast members had previously worked with Rodriguez. Before appearing in Grindhouse, Marley Shelton had auditioned for The Faculty, but Rodriguez chose not to cast her. She was eventually cast in the role of the Customer in the opening sequence of Sin City.[7] Bruce Willis had appeared in Sin City.[10] Tom Savini had previously acted in From Dusk Till Dawn, Michael Parks reprises the role of Earl McGraw, a role the actor first portrayed in From Dusk Till Dawn, and Quentin Tarantino himself appears in a small role, as he also does in Death Proof. Harvey Weinstein did not want Rose McGowan to be cast in the film, after he allegedly sexually assaulted her years earlier and then blacklisted her from being in any Miramax-related movies. Robert Rodriguez was dating McGowan and cast her knowing that it would enrage Harvey (and also that Bob Weinstein would make Harvey get lost if he tried to screw with his Dimension label releases), though Rodriguez later said that Harvey deliberately slashed the ad budget for the film in a (successful) effort to hurt it at the box office. McGowan accused Rodriguez of exploiting her, but Rodriguez—while being supportive of McGowan's statements about Harvey Weinstein—noted that she signed on to the script that was filmed, and that sequences where McGowan's character was threatened with sexual assault were there to then set up her attacking and killing predatory men.
Special effects[edit]
The film uses various unconventional techniques to make Planet Terror appear more like the films that were shown in grindhouse theaters in the 1970s. Throughout the feature and the Machete trailer, the film is made to look damaged; five of the six 25,000 frame reels were edited with real film damage, plug-ins, and stock footage.[11]
Planet Terror makes heavy use of digital effects throughout the film, mostly for Cherry's fake leg. During post-production, the effects teams digitally removed McGowan's right leg from the shots and replaced it with computer-generated props—first a table leg and then an assault rifle. During shooting for these scenes, McGowan wore a special cast which restricted her leg movement to give her the correct motion.[11]
Editing[edit]
During pre-production, Tarantino and Rodriguez came up with the idea of inserting a "missing reel" into the film. "[Quentin] was about to show an Italian crime movie with Oliver Reed," Rodriguez recalls, "and he was saying, 'Oh, it's got a missing reel in it. But it's really interesting because after the missing reel, you don't know if he slept with a girl or he didn't because she says he did and he says that he didn't. It leaves you guessing, and the movie still works with 20 minutes gone out of it.' I thought, 'Oh, my God, that's what we’ve got to do. We've got to have a missing reel!' I'm going to use it in a way where it actually says 'missing reel' for 10 seconds, and then when we come back, you're arriving in the third act. ... The late second acts in movies are usually the most predictable and the most boring, that's where the good guy really turns out to be the bad guy, and the bad guy is really good, and the couple becomes friends. Suddenly, though, in the third act, all bets are off and it's a whole new story anyway."[3]
Music[edit]
The music for Planet Terror was composed by Robert Rodriguez. Inspiration for his score came from John Carpenter, whose music was often played on set.[12] A cover version of the Dead Kennedys' "Too Drunk to Fuck" performed by Nouvelle Vague was also featured in the film. A soundtrack album was released on April 3, 2007, alongside the soundtrack for Death Proof.
Theatrical release[edit]
Main article: Grindhouse (film)
Planet Terror was released in the United States and Canada alongside Death Proof as part of a double feature under the title Grindhouse. Both films were released separately in extended versions internationally, approximately two months apart.[13] The Dutch poster artwork for Planet Terror claimed that the film would feature "coming attractions" from Quentin Tarantino.[14] In the United Kingdom, Planet Terror was released in cinemas on November 9, 2007.[15] In reaction to the possibility of a split in a foreign release, Tarantino stated, "Especially if they were dealing with non-English language countries, they don't really have this tradition ... not only do they not really know what a grind house is, they don't even have the double feature tradition. So you are kind of trying to teach us something else."[16]
Alternative versions[edit]
With the exception of Grindhouse and Single Theatrical versions of the movie, Rodriguez shot an alternative version where Tony Block did not accidentally shoot himself and survives throughout the film. The official theatrical version features a snippet of Tony on the beach after the end credits and snippets of scenes from this version appears on Rodriguez's 10 Minute Film School feature on Planet Terror DVD. Rodriguez mentioned that this version is especially made for his son Rebel, and has shown Rebel the film with the happy ending rather than the version where he is dead. He also mentioned that Tony's death makes his "horror film... more horrifying in his way".
Home release[edit]
Planet Terror was released on DVD on October 16, 2007 in a two-disc special edition featuring the extended version of the film presented in a "flat" 1.78:1 screen ratio (the theatrical version in Grindhouse was matted to 2.35:1), audio commentary with Rodriguez, an audience reaction track, several behind the scenes featurettes about casting and special effects, and a "10 Minute Film School" segment,[17][18] in which Rodriguez confirmed that a box set of the two films would be available soon, and that his 10 Minute Cooking School on Texas BBQ would appear on it.[19]
The film was released on Blu-ray on December 16, 2008. This version ports over the features from the DVD special edition, and also includes a "scratch-free" version of the movie, which doesn't feature the aforementioned intentional "damaged" look to the print. However, all American home video releases of the film are the extended version only and do not include the theatrical cut.
In mid-February 2009, Germany also released a steel box collector's edition for Planet Terror which comes with the famous BBQ sauce recipe and two scratch-and-sniff discs of the film which smell like the BBQ sauce. The pack also contains a limited edition Planet Terror blood pack.
The Grindhouse double feature was released on Blu-ray Disc in October 2010.
Critical reception[edit]
Planet Terror is rated 77% "fresh" on the Rotten Tomatoes review aggregate based on 26 reviews.[20]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring fictional films
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Overseas Total Yearly Box Office – 2007". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Grindhouse Split". Archived from the original on 2007-03-19. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
^ Jump up to: a b Cotton, Mike (April 4, 2007). "House Party". Wizard Universe. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
Jump up ^ "Online Exclusive: Horror Film Directors Dish About 'Grindhouse' Trailers". Rolling Stone.com. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
Jump up ^ Sciretta, Peter (March 12, 2007). "Grindhouse: Rodriguez to turn They Call Him Machete into Feature Length Movie". /film. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
Jump up ^ Morris, Clint (May 14, 2007). "Machete movie greenlit!". Moviehole. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Spelling, Ian. "Doctor in the GRINDHOUSE". Fangoria. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
Jump up ^ Hiscock, John (April 27, 2007). "Quentin Tarantino: I'm proud of my flop". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Robert Rodriguez filmography". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Full cast and crew for Four Rooms (1995)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "VFX World". Grindhouse: Pistol-Packing VFX. Retrieved April 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Quint. "Updated! GRINDHOUSE news from Comic-Con! Snake Plissken to be Tarantino's villain! Plus more!!!". Ain't It Cool News. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
Jump up ^ "Alles Over Quentin Tarantino" (in Dutch). 2007-03-18. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Dutch Planet Terror poster art". Archived from the original on 2007-05-21. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
Jump up ^ "Grindhouse Dismantled". 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
Jump up ^ "Rotten Tomatoes". Tarantino Chops Feature Length "Death Proof" For "Grindhouse". Retrieved April 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Gingold, Michael (July 3, 2007). "DVD Chopping List". Fangoria. Archived from the original on 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
Jump up ^ Monfette, Christopher (July 26, 2007). "DVD SDCC: Grindhouse Gets Cut in Two". IGN. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
Jump up ^ Confirmed by Robert Rodriguez on the 10 Minute Film School feature on the Planet Terror DVD
Jump up ^ Rotten Tomaties. "PLANET TERROR (GRINDHOUSE PRESENTS: ROBERT RODRIGUEZ'S PLANET TERROR) (2007)". Flixster, Inc. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
External links[edit]
Planet Terror on IMDb
Planet Terror at AllMovie
Planet Terror at Rotten Tomatoes
show
v
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e
Works of Robert Rodriguez
Films directed
Bedhead (short film, 1991)
El Mariachi (1992)
Roadracers (1994)
Desperado (1995)
Four Rooms (Segment: "The Misbehavers", 1995)
From Dusk till Dawn (1996)
The Faculty (1998)
Spy Kids (2001)
Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams (2002)
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003)
Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003)
Sin City (2005)
The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D (2005)
Planet Terror (2007)
Shorts: The Adventures of the Wishing Rock (2009)
Machete (2010)
Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011)
Machete Kills (2013)
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (2014)
100 Years (2015; releasing in 2115)
Alita: Battle Angel (2018)
Films produced
From Dusk Till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money (1999)
Death Proof (2007)
Predators (2010)
Television
From Dusk till Dawn: The Series (2014–)
The Director's Chair (2014–)
Spy Kids: Mission Critical (2018–)
See also
Chingon
Mexican Spaghetti Western
Mexico Trilogy
Spy Kids franchise
Rebel Without a Crew (1995)
Grindhouse (2007)
El Rey Network
Troublemaker Studios
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Feature films
Reservoir Dogs (1992)
Pulp Fiction (1994)
Jackie Brown (1997)
Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003)
Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004)
Death Proof (2007)
Inglourious Basterds (2009)
Django Unchained (2012)
The Hateful Eight (2015)
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019)
Short films
My Best Friend's Birthday (1987)
Four Rooms (1995; segment "The Man from Hollywood")
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William, It Was Really Nothing
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"William, It Was Really Nothing"
Single by The Smiths
from the album Hatful of Hollow
B-side
"How Soon Is Now?"
"Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want"
Released
20 August 1984
Format
7" single, 12" single,
CD (1988)
Recorded
Summer 1984
Genre
Alternative rock
Length
2:09
Label
Rough Trade
Songwriter(s)
Johnny Marr, Morrissey
Producer(s)
John Porter
The Smiths singles chronology
"Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now"
(1984) "William, It Was Really Nothing"
(1984) "How Soon Is Now?"
(1985)
"Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now"
(1984) "William, It Was Really Nothing"
(1984) "How Soon Is Now?"
(1985)
Alternative cover
Alternative cover featuring Billie Whitelaw
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [1]
"William, It Was Really Nothing" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths. It was released as a single in August 1984, featuring the B-sides "Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want" and "How Soon Is Now?", and reached No. 17 in the UK Singles Chart. The song is featured on the compilation albums Hatful of Hollow and Louder Than Bombs, as well as other best of and singles collections. In 2004, the song was ranked No. 425 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time.
When the band performed the song on Top of the Pops, Morrissey ripped open his shirt to reveal the words "MARRY ME" written on his chest ("Would you like to marry me?" is one line of the song).[2]
Contents
1 Lyrics and background
2 Track listing
3 Artwork and matrix message
4 Charts
5 References
6 External links
Lyrics and background[edit]
Morrissey has said of the song: "It occurred to me that within popular music if ever there were any records that discussed marriage they were always from the female's standpoint, female singers singing to women. There were never any songs saying 'do not marry, stay single, self-preservation,' etc. I thought it was about time there was a male voice speaking directly to another male saying that marriage was a waste of time ... that, in fact, it was absolutely nothing."[3]
The song is popularly believed to have been about Morrissey's short-lived friendship with Billy Mackenzie, lead singer of the Associates. The Associates' album, Double Hipness, released in August 2000, included the song "Stephen [sic], You're Really Something", recorded by Billy MacKenzie and Alan Rankine during the band's reunion in 1993 as a response to "William, It Was Really Nothing".
Track listing[edit]
7" RT166
No.
Title
Length
1. "William, It Was Really Nothing" 2:10
2. "Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want" 1:50
in original green sleeve
7" RT166
No.
Title
Length
1. "William, It Was Really Nothing" 2:10
2. "How Soon Is Now?" 6:43
in lilac reprint sleeve
12" RTT166/CD RTT166CD
No.
Title
Length
1. "William, It Was Really Nothing" 2:10
2. "How Soon Is Now?" 6:43
3. "Please, Please, Please Let Me Get What I Want" 1:50
Artwork and matrix message[edit]
The original artwork depicted comes from an early 1980s advertisement for A.D.S. speakers (the object on the bed is a speaker). For legal reasons, later pressings were produced with new artwork, a lilac-tinted still of Billie Whitelaw from the film Charlie Bubbles, directed by Albert Finney. The sleeve for the 1988 CD single reissue shows Colin Campbell from the 1964 film The Leather Boys. This artwork had previously been used in Germany for the single "Ask".
British 7" and 12" with green tinted cover versions feature the matrix message: THE IMPOTENCE OF ERNEST/ROMANTIC AND SQUARE IS HIP AND AWARE
British 7' with lilac tinted cover: THE IMPOTENCE OF ERNEST/WE HATES BAD GRAMMER
British 12" with lilac tinted cover: THE IMPOTENCE OF ERNEST/ROMANTIC AND [ ] IS HIP N'AWARE
As well as being a reference to The Importance of Being Earnest, "The impotence of Ernest" is an allusion to the impotence that Ernest Hemingway suffered in his final years. The "romantic" line was said by John Lennon to Hunter Davies.
Charts[edit]
Chart
Peak
position
Ireland (IRMA) 8
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) 17
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "William, It Was Really Nothing rating". Allmusic. Retrieved on 29 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Simpson, Mark (31 May 2003). "Return of the lone stranger". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/ml-discussions-william-it-was-really-nothing-lyrics-the-smiths/1296.html
External links[edit]
"Top Of The Pops" Performance on YouTube
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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