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Mont Pelerin Society
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Mont Pelerin Society
Abbreviation
MPS
Formation
1947; 71 years ago (1947)
Type
Economic policy think tank
President
Pedro Schwartz Giron
Revenue (2015)
$165,781[1]
Expenses (2015)
$113,886[1]
Website
www.montpelerin.org
The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international liberal[disambiguation needed] organization[2] composed of economists, philosophers, historians, intellectuals, business leaders.[3] The members see the Society as an effort to interpret in modern terms the fundamental principles of economic society as expressed by classical Western economists, political scientists, and philosophers. Its founders included Friedrich Hayek, Frank Knight, Karl Popper, Ludwig von Mises, George Stigler, and Milton Friedman.[3] The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies, the political values of an open society.
Contents
[hide]
1 Aims
2 Name
3 History
4 Influence
5 Past presidents
6 Notable participants
7 Board of Directors 2008–10
8 Other noted members
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Aims[edit]
In its "Statement of Aims", 8 April 1947, the scholars were worried about the dangers faced by civilization.
Over large stretches of the Earth’s surface the essential conditions of human dignity and freedom have already disappeared. In others they are under constant menace from the development of current tendencies of policy. The position of the individual and the voluntary group are progressively undermined by extensions of arbitrary power. Even that most precious possession of Western Man, freedom of thought and expression, is threatened by the spread of creeds which, claiming the privilege of tolerance when in the position of a minority, seek only to establish a position of power in which they can suppress and obliterate all views but their own.[4]
The group also stated that it is "difficult to imagine a society in which freedom may be effectively preserved" without the "diffused power and initiative" associated with "private property and the competitive market", and found it desirable inter alia to study the following matters:[4]
"The analysis and exploration of the nature of the present crisis so as to bring home to others its essential moral and economic origins.
The redefinition of the functions of the state so as to distinguish more clearly between the totalitarian and the liberal order.
Methods of re-establishing the rule of law and of assuring its development in such manner that individuals and groups are not in a position to encroach upon the freedom of others and private rights are not allowed to become a basis of predatory power.
The possibility of establishing minimum standards by means not inimical to initiative and functioning of the market.
Methods of combating the misuse of history for the furtherance of creeds hostile to liberty.
The problem of the creation of an international order conducive to the safeguarding of peace and liberty and permitting the establishment of harmonious international economic relations."[4]
The group "seeks to establish no meticulous and hampering orthodoxy", "conduct propaganda" or align with some party. It aims to facilitate "the exchange of views – to contribute to the preservation and improvement of the free society.[4]
Name[edit]
The Mont Pelerin Society was created on 10 April 1947 at a conference organized by Friedrich Hayek. Originally, it was to be named the Acton-Tocqueville Society. After Frank Knight protested against naming the group after two "Roman Catholic aristocrats" and Ludwig von Mises expressed concern that the mistakes made by Acton and Tocqueville would be connected with the society, the decision was made to name it after Mont Pèlerin, the Swiss resort where it convened.[citation needed]
History[edit]
In 1947, 39 scholars, mostly economists, with some historians and philosophers, were invited by Friedrich Hayek to meet to discuss the state, and possible fate of classical liberalism, his goal being an organization which would resist interventionism and promote his conception of classical liberalism.[5] He wanted to discuss how to combat the "state ascendancy and Marxist or Keynesian planning [that was] sweeping the globe".[citation needed] The first meeting took place in the Hotel du Parc in the Swiss village of Mont Pèlerin, near the city of Vevey, Switzerland. Funding for the conference came from various sources including the William Volker Fund thanks to Harold Luhnow[6] and the Bank of England owing to the help of Alfred Suenson-Taylor.[7]:84 William Rappard, a Swiss academic, diplomat and founder of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, addressed the society's inaugural meeting. In his "Opening Address to a Conference at Mont Pelerin",[8] Hayek mentioned "two men with whom I had most fully discussed the plan for this meeting both have not lived to see its realisation": Henry Simons (who trained Milton Friedman, a future president of the society, at the University of Chicago) and Sir John Clapham, a British economic historian.
The Mont Pelerin Society aimed to "facilitate an exchange of ideas between like-minded scholars in the hope of strengthening the principles and practice of a free society and to study the workings, virtues, and defects of market-oriented economic systems." The Society has continued to meet regularly, the General Meeting every two years and the regional meetings annually. The current president of the Society is Pedro Schwartz Giron. It has close ties to the network of think tanks sponsored in part by the Atlas Economic Research Foundation.[citation needed]
Influence[edit]
Hayek stressed that the society was to be a scholarly community arguing against collectivism, while not engaging in public relations or propaganda. The society has become part of an international think-tank movement; Hayek used it as a forum to encourage members such as Antony Fisher to pursue the think-tank route. Fisher has established the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) in London during 1955; the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research in New York City in 1977; and the Atlas Economic Research Foundation, in 1981. Now known as the Atlas Network, they support a wide network of think-tanks, including the Fraser Institute.[citation needed]
Prominent MPS members who advanced to policy positions included the late Chancellor Ludwig Erhard of West Germany, President Luigi Einaudi of Italy, Chairman Arthur F. Burns of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, and U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz. Among prominent contemporary political figures, former President Václav Klaus of the Czech Republic and acting[clarification needed] politicians, such as Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe of Sri Lanka, former Foreign Secretary Sir Geoffrey Howe of the U.K., former Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence Antonio Martino, Chilean Finance Minister Carlos Cáceres, and former New Zealand Finance Minister Ruth Richardson, are all MPS members. Of 76 economic advisers on Ronald Reagan's 1980 campaign staff, 22 were MPS members.
Several leading journalists, including Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Walter Lippmann, former radical Max Eastman (then roving editor at Reader's Digest), John Chamberlain (former editorial writer for Life magazine), Henry Hazlitt (former financial editor of The New York Times and columnist for Newsweek), John Davenport (holder of editorial posts at Fortune and Barron's) and Felix Morley (Pulitzer Prize-winning editor at The Washington Post), have also been members. Members of the society have also been well represented on the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.[9]
Eight MPS members, F. A. Hayek, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, Maurice Allais, James M. Buchanan, Ronald Coase, Gary S. Becker[10] and Vernon Smith have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
In the 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), MPS is noted as having the 9th (out of 55) "Best Think Tank Conference".[11]
Graeme Maxton and Jorgen Randers note that it is no surprise that so many Mont Pelerin Members have won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, because the Mont Pelerin Society helped to create that award, specifically to legitimize free-market economic thinking.[12]
Past presidents[edit]
Numerous notable economists have served as president of MPS:[13]
F. A. von Hayek – UK, 1947–61
Wilhelm Röpke – Switzerland, 1961–62
John Jewkes – UK, 1962–64
Friedrich A. Lutz – Germany, 1964–67[14]
Bruno Leoni – Italy, 1967–68
Günter Schmölders – Germany, 1968–70
Milton Friedman – US, 1970–72
Arthur Shenfield – UK, 1972–74
Gaston Leduc – France, 1974–76
George Stigler – US, 1976–78
Manuel Ayau – Guatemala, 1978–80
Chiaki Nishiyama – Japan, 1980–82
Lord Harris of High Cross – UK, 1982–84
James M. Buchanan – US, 1984–86
Herbert Giersch – Germany, 1986–88
Antonio Martino – Italy, 1988–90
Gary Becker – US, 1990–92
Max Hartwell – UK, 1992–94
Pascal Salin – France, 1994–96
Edwin J. Feulner – US, 1996–98[15]
Ramón P. Díaz – Uruguay, 1998–2000
Christian Watrin – Germany, 2000–02
Leonard P. Liggio – US, 2002–04
Victoria Curzon-Price – Switzerland, 2004–06
Greg Lindsay – Australia, 2006–08
Deepak Lal – US, 2008–10
Kenneth Minogue – UK, 2010–12
Allan H. Meltzer – US, 2012–14
Pedro Schwartz – Spain, 2014–16
Peter Boettke – US, 2016–present[16]
Notable participants[edit]
Maurice Allais – French physicist and economist
Karl Brandt – German-American agricultural economist
Götz Briefs – German economist
Aaron Director – professor at the University of Chicago Law School
Ludwig Erhard – Minister of Economics and Chancellor of postwar West Germany
Milton Friedman – American economist
Harry Gideonse – Dutch-American economist, President, Brooklyn College
Frank Graham – American economist
Friedrich Hayek – Austrian economist
Henry Hazlitt – libertarian journalist
F. A. Harper – American economist
Trygve Hoff – Norwegian economist and journalist
John Jewkes – British economist
Bertrand de Jouvenel – French philosopher and political economist
Frank Knight – Chicago school economist
Fritz Machlup – Austrian-American economist
Salvador de Madariaga – Spanish diplomat and writer
Loren Miller – civic reformer and libertarian activist
Ludwig von Mises – Austrian economist
Felix Morley – American journalist
Michael Polanyi – Hungarian/British chemist, economist and philosopher of science
Karl Popper – Austrian/British philosopher
William Rappard – academic and diplomat
Leonard Read – founder, Foundation for Economic Education
Lionel Robbins – British economist
Wilhelm Röpke – social market economist
George Joseph Stigler – US economist
Herbert Tingsten – Swedish political scientist and journalist
Cicely Wedgwood – British historian
Board of Directors 2008–10[edit]
Deepak Lal – President (US/UK)
Greg Lindsay – Senior Vice President (Australia)
Eamonn Butler – Vice President (UK)
J.R. Clark – Vice President (US)
Victoria Curzon-Price – Vice President (Switzerland)
Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard – Vice President (Denmark)
Michael Zoeller – Vice President (Germany)
Carl-Johan Westholm – Secretary (Sweden)
Edwin J. Feulner – Treasurer (US)
Enrique Ghersi – Director (Peru)
Giancarlo Ibarguen – Director (Guatemala)
Hiromitsu Ishi – Director (Japan)
Suri Ratnapala – Director (Australia)
Veselin Vukotic – Director (Montenegro)
Linda Whetstone – Director (UK)
Other noted members[edit]
Armen Alchian[17]
Martin Anderson (economist)[17]
John A. Baden[18]
Danny Julian Boggs[17]
Rhodes Boyson[17]
William L. Breit[17]
Yaron Brook[19]
William F. Buckley, Jr.[20]
Steven N. S. Cheung[17]
Warren Coats[17]
Harold Demsetz[17]
Donald J. Devine[17]
Ross Eckert
John Exter[17]
David D. Friedman[17][21]
Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson[17]
Otto von Habsburg[17]
Ronald Hamowy[17]
Steven F. Hayward[22]
George Hilton (historian)[17]
Israel Kirzner[17]
Charles G. Koch[17]
Henri Lepage (economist)[17]
Leon Louw[17]
Henry Maksoud[17]
Henry Manne[17]
Paul McCracken (economist)[17]
Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker[17]
Maurice Newman[17]
John O'Sullivan (columnist)[17]
J. Howard Pew[23]
William H. Peterson[17]
Madsen Pirie[17]
Richard Posner[24]
Enoch Powell[25]
Alvin Rabushka[17]
Richard W. Rahn[26]
Alan Reynolds[17]
Ljubo Sirc[17]
Beryl W. Sprinkel[17]
Gordon Tullock[17]
Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist[27]
Leland B. Yeager[17]
See also[edit]
Colloque Walter Lippmann
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Mont Pelerin Society" (PDF). Foundation Center. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Mirowski 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Michael Novak, 'The Moral Imperative of a Free Economy', in The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs, Bush Institute, Crown Business, 2012, p. 294
^ Jump up to: a b c d Statement of Aims, [Excerpt] MPS
Jump up ^ Baird, Charles (2008). "Mont Pelerin Society". In Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 342–43. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n210. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
Jump up ^ Birch, Kean (2017). A Research Agenda for Neoliberalism. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1786433596. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Shaxson, Nicholas (2011). Treasure islands : tax havens and the men who stole the world. London: Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1847921109. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ F. A. Hayek, The Fortunes of Liberalism: Essays on Austrian Economics and the Ideal of Freedom (1992)
Jump up ^ Offer, Avner; Söderberg, Gabriel (2016). The Nobel Factor: The Prize in Economics, Social Democracy, and the Market Turn (1st ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 104–05. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series. Gale. 2004. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ James G. McGann (Director) (4 February 2015). "2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Graeme Maxton, Jorgen Randers (2016). Reinventing Prosperity: Managing Economic Growth to Reduce Unemployment, Inequality and Climate Change. Greystone Books. ISBN 978-1771642521, 978-1771642521. p. 77.
Jump up ^ List of presidents, The Mont Pelerin Society website
Jump up ^ Lutz was a professor at the University of Zurich in Switzerland during the time he was president.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series. Gale. 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ "Mont Pelerin Society Elects Peter Boettke as 2016-2018 President". 30 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Mont Pelerin Society Directory" (PDF). DeSmogBlog. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Hopper, D. Ian (30 June 2013). "Judges Failed to Disclose Junkets". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Meet Our Experts". Retrieved 2 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series. Gale. 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series. Gale. 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Authors. Gale. 2004. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ Mirowski 2009, p. 192.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series. Gale. 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ Churchill Archives Centre: The papers of Enoch Powell, file POLL 1/1/20.
Jump up ^ "Economist Richard Rahn: Bulgaria Will Survive Financial Crisis". Sofia News Agency (Novinite Ltd). 11 November 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Jump up ^ Chafuen, Alejandro. "Away From Socialism: Mario Vargas Llosa Joins The Mont Pelerin Society".
Further reading[edit]
R. M. Hartwell (1995), History of the Mont Pèlerin Society (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund). ISBN 978-0865971363. OCLC 32510484, 683676105
Reviewed in: William H. Peterson (July 1996), A History of the Mont Pelerin Society by R. M. Hartwell (book review), The Freeman, Foundation for Economic Education
Daniel Stedman Jones (2012). Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics. Princeton UP. ISBN 978-1400851836.
Philip Plickert (2008): Wandlungen des Neoliberalismus. Eine Studie zu Entwicklung und Ausstrahlung der Mont Pèlerin Society. (Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius Verlag). ISBN 978-3828204416. OCLC 243450906
Philip Mirowski; Dieter Plehwe, eds. (2009). The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective (PDF). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674033184. OCLC 257554337. OCLC 748925780
Reviewed in: Kaza, Greg (30 March 2010). "Deconstructing neo-liberal ideas (Commentary; Book Review)". The Washington Times. Retrieved 25 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
Angus Burgin (2012), The Great Persuasion: Reinventing Free Markets since the Depression (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) ISBN 978-0674058132. OCLC 791491622, 844090781
External links[edit]
Mont Pelerin Society, the official site
Organizational Profile – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)
Mont Pèlerin Society (1947–…): Inventory of the General Meeting Files (1947–1998) – Liberaal Archief. 108pp.
Greg Kaza, The Mont Pelerin Society’s 50th Anniversary, The Freeman, Foundation for Economic Education, June 1997.
Guide to the Mont Pelerin Society Records and sound recordings of meetings online at the Hoover Institution Archives.
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SUDOC: 081682085
VIAF: 140038365
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National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation
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National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jeremiah S. Chechik
Produced by
John Hughes
Tom Jacobson
Written by
John Hughes
Starring
Chevy Chase
Beverly D'Angelo
Randy Quaid
Music by
Angelo Badalamenti
Cinematography
Thomas E. Ackerman
Edited by
Jerry Greenberg
Michael A. Stevenson
Production
company
John Hughes Entertainment
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
December 1, 1989 (1989-12-01)
Running time
97 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$25 million[1]
Box office
$71.3 million
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation is a 1989 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jeremiah S. Chechik.[2] It is the third installment in National Lampoon's Vacation film series, and was written by John Hughes, based on his short story in National Lampoon magazine, "Christmas '59". The film stars Chevy Chase, Beverly D'Angelo and Randy Quaid, with Juliette Lewis and Johnny Galecki as the Griswold children Audrey and Rusty, respectively.[2]
Since its release in 1989, Christmas Vacation has often been labeled as a modern Christmas classic, and has developed a cult following. It is also the only sequel in the Vacation series to have spawned its own direct sequel: a 2003 made-for-TV release entitled National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 2: Cousin Eddie's Island Adventure.
The film has achieved six home video releases: VHS and Laserdisc in early 1990, a bare bones DVD in 1997, and a "Special Edition" DVD in 2003. A Blu-ray edition was first released in 2006. In 2009, the film was released as an "Ultimate Collector's Edition." At the same time of this release, it was also released on a simple Blu-ray/DVD combo.[3][4][5] A steelbook Blu-ray was released in 2015.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
With Christmas only a few weeks away, Chicago resident Clark Griswold decides it is time to get a Christmas tree. He gathers his wife Ellen, daughter Audrey, and son Rusty and drives out to the country where he picks out a huge tree. Realizing too late that they didn't bring any tools to cut the tree down, they are forced to uproot it instead, before driving home with the tree strapped to the roof of their car.
Soon after, both Clark's and Ellen's parents arrive to spend Christmas, but their bickering quickly begins to annoy the family. Clark, however, maintains a positive attitude, determined to have a "fun old-fashioned family Christmas." He covers the house's entire exterior with 25,000 twinkle lights, which fail to work at first, as he has accidentally wired them through his garage's light switch. When they finally come on, they temporarily cause a citywide power shortage and create chaos for Clark's snobby neighbors, Todd and Margo. While standing on the front lawn admiring the lights, Clark is shocked to see Ellen's cousin Catherine and her husband Eddie, as they arrive unannounced with their children, Rocky and Ruby Sue, and their Rottweiler dog, Snot. Eddie later admits that they are living in the RV they drove, as he is broke and has been forced to sell his home. Clark offers to buy gifts for Eddie's kids so they can still enjoy Christmas.
Clark begins to wonder why his boss has not given him his yearly bonus, which he desperately needs to replace an advance payment he has made to install a swimming pool. After a disastrous Christmas Eve dinner, he finally receives an envelope from a company messenger, who had overlooked it the day before. Instead of the presumed bonus, the envelope contains a free year's membership for the Jelly of the Month Club. This prompts Clark to snap and go into a tirade about Frank, and out of anger, requests that he be delivered to the house so Clark can insult him to his face.
Eddie takes the request literally, drives to Frank's mansion, and kidnaps him. Clark confronts him about the cancellation of the employees' Christmas bonuses. Meanwhile, Frank's wife, Helen, calls the police, and a SWAT team storms the Griswold house and holds everyone at gunpoint. Frank decides not to press charges and explains the situation to his wife and the authorities, who scold him for his decision to scrap the bonuses, and decides to reinstate them (with Clark getting an add-on of 20% of his salary).
The family head outside, with Rocky and Ruby Sue believing they see Santa Claus in the distance. Clark tells them it's actually the Christmas Star and that he finally realizes what the holiday means to him. Uncle Lewis says the light is coming from the sewage treatment plant; reminding Clark that Eddie had been dumping his sewage into a storm drain. Before Clark can stop him, Uncle Lewis tosses a lit match, triggering an explosion. Aunt Bethany starts singing "The Star-Spangled Banner" and the whole family and the SWAT team join in, gazing at Clark's Santa Claus and reindeer set burning and flying into the distance. The entire family and the SWAT team members then celebrate inside the house, while Clark and Ellen happily share a Christmas kiss.
Cast[edit]
Chevy Chase as Clark
Beverly D'Angelo as Ellen
Juliette Lewis as Audrey
Johnny Galecki as Rusty
John Randolph as Clark, Sr
Diane Ladd as Nora
E. G. Marshall as Art
Doris Roberts as Frances
Randy Quaid as Cousin Eddie
Miriam Flynn as Cousin Catherine
Cody Burger as Rocky
Ellen Hamilton Latzen as Ruby Sue
William Hickey as Lewis
Mae Questel as Bethany
Sam McMurray as Bill
Nicholas Guest as Todd Chester
Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Margo Chester
Brian Doyle-Murray as Frank Shirley
Natalia Nogulich as Helen Shirley
Production[edit]
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation originated from a short story by writer John Hughes called "Christmas '59," which was published in the December 1980 issue of National Lampoon magazine.[6] "The studio came to me and begged for another one, and I only agreed because I had a good story to base it on," said Hughes. "But those movies have become little more than Chevy Chase vehicles."[7] Director Chris Columbus initially was to direct the film, but due to a personality clash between him and Chevy Chase, Columbus left the film and was replaced by Chechik. Hughes eventually gave Columbus the script to Home Alone.[8].
Principal photography began on March 27, 1989 in Summit County, Colorado,[9] with footage shot in Silverthorne, Breckenridge, and Frisco.[10] From there the production moved to Warner Bros. Studio Facilities in Burbank, California, where the set of the Griswold family's house is located.[11]
Music[edit]
The musical score for National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation was composed by Angelo Badalamenti. It is the only installment of the Vacation film series not to include Lindsey Buckingham's "Holiday Road". In its place is a song entitled "Christmas Vacation" that was written for the movie by the husband-wife songwriting team of Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil and performed by Mavis Staples of The Staple Singers fame.[12] The song was covered in 2007 by High School Musical star Monique Coleman for the 2007 Christmas album Disney Channel Holiday.[13]
Despite several popular songs being present in the film, no official soundtrack album was released. In 1999, a bootleg copy containing music featured in the film along with select cuts of dialogue dubbed as the "10th Anniversary Limited Edition" began to appear on Internet auction sites with the claim that Warner Bros. and RedDotNet had pressed 20,000 CDs for Six Flags Magic Mountain employees to sell to customers entering the park.[14] However, while the discs were individually numbered out of 20,000, only 7,000 were sold as a part of an on demand production printed at gift shop kiosks within the park.[15] Forums on movie music sites such as SoundtrackCollector later declared the disc to be a bootleg due to its inaccuracies.[16] For instance, the cut "Christmas Vacation Medley" (claiming to be the work of composer Angelo Badalamenti) is really a track called "Christmas at Carnegie Hall" from Home Alone 2: Lost in New York by composer John Williams and does not actually contain any of Badalamenti's Christmas Vacation score.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The movie debuted at #2 at the box-office while grossing $11,750,203 during the opening weekend, behind Back to the Future Part II.[17] The movie eventually topped the box-office charts in its third week of release and remained #1 the following weekend. It went on to gross a total of $71,319,546 in the United States while showing in movie theaters.[18]
Critical response[edit]
At the time of the film's release, the film received mixed to positive reviews; however, over time, many have cited it as a Christmas classic. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 64% of 36 film critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 6.2 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, "While Christmas Vacation may not be the most disciplined comedy, it's got enough laughs and good cheer to make for a solid seasonal treat."[19]
Entertainment magazine Variety responded positively to the film stating, "Solid family fare with plenty of yocks, National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation is Chevy Chase and brood doing what they do best. Despite the title, which links it to previous pics in the rambling Vacation series, this third entry is firmly rooted at the Griswold family homestead, where Clark Griswold (Chase) is engaged in a typical over-reaching attempt to give his family a perfect, old-fashioned Christmas."[20] Rita Kempley of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review explaining that "it will prove pater-familiar to fans of the 1983 original and the European Vacation sequel. Only it's a bit more whimsical."[21]
Janet Maslin of The New York Times gave the film a mediocre review explaining that the "third look at the quintessentially middle-American Griswold family, led by Clark and the very patient Ellen is only a weary shadow of the original National Lampoon's Vacation." Maslin went on to say that "the best thing the new film does is to bring back Cousin Eddie, the wily, scene-stealing slob whose disgusting habits are a source of considerable amusement."[22] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two out of four stars saying, "The movie is curious in how close it comes to delivering on its material: Sequence after sequence seems to contain all the necessary material, to be well on the way toward a payoff, and then it somehow doesn't work."[23]
See also[edit]
List of National Lampoon films
List of theatrical Christmas films
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Ajean (December 7, 1989). "It's Fade-Out for the Cheap Film As Hollywood's Budgets Soar". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yule Love 'Em". Entertainment Weekly. November 29, 2004. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Durrett, Mike. "Top 10 Christmas and New Year's Comedy Movies". About.com. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Leo, Alex (December 16, 2012). "The 10 Funniest Christmas Movies Of All Time". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Quin, Eleanor. "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation". Turner Classic Movies. Turner Entertainment. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ham, William. "Straight Outta Sherman: An Interview with John Hughes". Lollipop Magazine Online. Archived from the original on August 19, 2000. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Madison, Ira III. "Chris Columbus Directed Home Alone Instead of Christmas Vacation Because He Met Chevy Chase". Vulrure. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation". afi.com. American Film Institute. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989) - Locations". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Blake, Lindsay (December 24, 2013). "Scene It Before: The Griswold House from National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation". Los Angeles. Emmis Communications. Archived from the original on November 30, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Willis, John (December 8, 1990). "Screen World: 1990 Film Annual". Screen World. Crown Publishing Group. 41: 121.
Jump up ^ Lace, Beverly (January 30, 2011). The Musical Life of Monique Coleman. p. 5. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Stitzel, Kelly (December 5, 2009). "Soundtrack Saturday: "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation"". Popdose. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation - 10th Anniversary Movie Soundtrack". mapsshops.com. Archived from the original on August 19, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christmas Vacation - Soundtrack Details". SoundtrackCollector. Archived from the original on August 19, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for December 1-3, 1989". Box Office Mojo. IMDB. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christmas Vacation (1989)". Box Office Mojo. IMDB. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation". Variety. 1989. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kempley, Rita (December 1, 1989). "'National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation' (PG-13)". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (December 1, 1989). "Reviews/Film; On Vacation Once Again". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (December 1, 1989). "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation on IMDb
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation at AllMovie
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation at the TCM Movie Database

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National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 2 (2003)
Vacation (2015)
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Hotel Hell Vacation
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1964 High School Yearbook Parody
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The Job of Sex
The Very Large Book of Comical Funnies
National Lampoon Art Poster Book
Official National Lampoon Bicentennial Calendar 1976
The Gentleman's Bathroom Companion
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Mr. Mike: The Life and Work of Michael O'Donoghue
That's Not Funny, That's Sick
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Official National Lampoon Stereo Test and Demonstration Record
Gold Turkey
Goodbye Pop 1952–1976
That's Not Funny, That's Sick
Greatest Hits of the National Lampoon
National Lampoon White Album
The Official National Lampoon Car Stereo Test & Demonstration Tape
Sex, Drugs, Rock 'N' Roll & the End of the World
Buy This Box or We'll Shoot This Dog
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She's Having a Baby (1988)
Uncle Buck (1989)
Curly Sue (1991)
Writer only
National Lampoon's Class Reunion (1982)
Mr. Mom (1983)
National Lampoon's Vacation (1983)
Nate and Hayes (1983)
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Pretty in Pink (1986)
Some Kind of Wonderful (1987)
The Great Outdoors (1988)
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989)
Home Alone (1990)
Career Opportunities (1991)
Dutch (1991)
Beethoven (1992)
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101 Dalmatians (1996)
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Just Visiting (2001)
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