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Peter Billingsley
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Peter Billingsley
Billingsley at the 2014 ATX TV Festival for Sullivan and Son
Born
Peter Michaelsen or Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen (disputed)
(1971-04-16) April 16, 1971 (age 46)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation
Actor, producer, director
Years active
1978–present
Peter Billingsley (born April 16, 1971), also known as Peter Michaelsen[1] and Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen,[2] is an American actor, director, and producer, best known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie A Christmas Story and as "Messy Marvin" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s. He began his career as an infant in television commercials.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Other work
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
4 Awards and nominations
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Peter was born in New York City. His father, Alwin Michaelsen, is a financial consultant and his mother, Gail, was once Alwin's secretary. Gail is the niece of Stork Club owner Sherman Billingsley, and cousin of Glenn Billingsley who was married to actress Barbara Billingsley (1915–2010). Gail was the one who initially took the children around to auditions. She once took the children to Browns Mills, New Jersey for a commercial commemorating US troops. All five of the children in the family had acting careers when they were young. The oldest of Billingsley's siblings, Dina and Win, had the briefest acting careers working mostly in commercials with brief guest spots on television shows. Peter's elder sister, Melissa, may be best known for her role as Maxx Davis on Me and Maxx.[3] Peter's older brother, Neil, began playing Danny Walton on the daytime soap opera Search for Tomorrow in 1975 and has had numerous roles in commercials and guest shots on TV series. Following his acting career, Neil works in finance in New York City.[citation needed]
Billingsley received his early childhood education from a combination of tutors (including child actor tutor Wesley Staples), public schools and private institutions (including the Professional Children's School in New York City), Phoenix Country Day School in Paradise Valley, AZ, and eventually passed his California High School Proficiency Exam at the age of fourteen. He seems to have also attended some public secondary schools following the GED including Arcadia High School, Phoenix, Arizona. In the late 1980s, he took a brief break from show business to attend Phoenix College.[citation needed]
On January 28th, 1986, Billingsley was present at launch pad 39B (at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida) for the doomed launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger. He and classmates of the son of America's first teacher-astronaut (Christa McAuliffe) cheered as the space shuttle Challenger lifted skyward. Their delight turned to horror as the shuttle exploded 73 seconds into flight. Billingsley was a spokesman for the young astronaut program.[4]
Career[edit]
Billingsley's first acting role was as a two-year-old in a Geritol commercial with Betty Buckley playing his mom. He went on to star in about 120 television ads throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. At 12 he was quoted as saying: "After 100 (commercials), you lose count." He was likely best known for a series of commercials for Hershey's chocolate syrup in which he portrayed the popular character Messy Marvin.[5][6] One of Billingsley's earliest film roles was in 1978's If Ever I See You Again, written and directed by Joseph Brooks.[1]
His role in 1981's Paternity opposite Burt Reynolds earned a nomination for "Best Young Comedian – Motion Picture or Television" at The Young Artist Awards.[7] In 1981, he appeared in Honky Tonk Freeway, and that October was a guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. In 1982 Billingsley starred in several features, including Death Valley, Massarati and the Brain, and the made-for-TV movie Memories Never Die with Lindsay Wagner and his sister, Melissa Michaelsen. He had a featured guest role as Gideon Hale on Little House on the Prairie, began a three-year stint as a co-host on NBC's popular Real People (for which he earned another Young Artist Award nomination),[7] and he hosted a two-episode offshoot of the show called Real Kids.
In 1983 Billingsley starred in A Christmas Story, based on Jean Shepherd's In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash, which built its audience slowly over the years and is now broadcast for twenty-four hours from Christmas Eve until Christmas Day on TBS. The film earned Billingsley another Young Artist Award nomination, and is arguably the one role he is most associated with. He has been quoted as saying that people still approach him on the street, only to say "you'll shoot your eye out, kid!"[7]
In 1984 Billingsley starred in an adaptation of The Hoboken Chicken Emergency with Dick Van Patten and Gabe Kaplan, a special Thanksgiving episode of the PBS series WonderWorks.[8] He appeared on a "Super Teen" special edition of Family Feud, and on Celebrity Hot Potato.[9]
As the late 1980s approached, Billingsley's acting career slowed. He made guest appearances on Who's The Boss?, Punky Brewster, The Wonder Years, and Highway To Heaven,[10][11] and appeared in The Dirt Bike Kid (for which he won a Young Artist Award),[7] and Carly's Web, Russkies, and Beverly Hills Brats.[1]
The early 1990s saw Billingsley tackling older roles such as a would-be jock who gets hooked on steroids in the CBS Schoolbreak Special The Fourth Man. On that project he formed a close friendship with Vince Vaughn.[12] His next Schoolbreak Special appearance was in The Writing on the Wall (1994), starring Hal Linden as a rabbi who teaches three boys about the horrors of intolerance after they are caught defacing his home, temple, and car with swastikas and anti-Semitic graffiti. Billingsley was nominated for an Emmy Award for this role.[7][13]
Other work[edit]
The most rewarding of his later film acting assignments was Arcade (1993), in which he starred as a teenaged "virtual reality" addict; he worked as the post-production supervisor (credited as Peter Michaelsen). He made some career decisions and began working behind the scenes more. Known as Peter Michaelsen, he was assistant editor on Knights, a film which featured Kris Kristofferson. In 1994 Peter starred in, wrote, and directed (credited as Peter Billingsley) the short film The Sacred Fire, and credited as Peter Michaelsen in the executive producer function. This film won an Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films' Golden Scroll Award.[1]
His career behind the scenes continued, including work on The Discovery Channel's A.R.K., The Adventures of Animal Rescue Kids, Patriot Son, The X Show, Made, and Elf, in which he has a cameo appearance. In 2001 he was nominated for an Emmy Award as co-executive producer for the show Dinner for Five. In 2005 he helped produce the movie Zathura. He was an executive producer for the Universal Pictures production The Break-Up in which he had a small acting role (as Andrew), appearing alongside frequent collaborator Jon Favreau.[14] Billingsley served as executive producer on director Favreau's Iron Man feature film; he also acted in the film, playing a scientist who works for Obadiah Stane.[15] Billingsley, Favreau and Vaughn appeared in Four Christmases (2008). Couples Retreat (2009) starring Favreau and Vaughn was Billingsley's first major film as director and this was followed by his second directorial effort Term Life, which also starred Vaughn.[1]
Billingsley's acting career continues as well, with small roles in Sherman Oaks, Family Reunion: A Relative Nightmare, Elf, L.A. Heat, and No Deposit, No Return, which was voted Best Feature Film at the New York International Independent Film and Video Festival in 2000.[16] He took an acting part in an experimental film for the new Maxivision 48 projection system developed by Dean Goodhill.[17]
Billingsley released a CD titled Christmas Stories...Christmas Songs on Run For Cover Records in 1999 with longtime friend Brian Evans.[18] He signed on as Executive Producer of a musical adaptation of A Christmas Story that opened in Seattle in December 2010. He is "...honored to be a part of this project and look forward to bringing the play to more stages... Just think about the idea of a leg-lamp kickline."[19]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref
1978 If Ever I See You Again Child
American romantic drama film directed and produced by Joe Brooks.
A paperback novelization of the screenplay was released by Bantam Books in May 1978 as a promotional tie-in.
As a further promotional gimmick, Columbia teamed with Pertec Computer to "reunite lost lovers whenever a toll-free number is called" by having a computer match up the details of callers.
[20][21][22][23]
1981 Honky Tonk Freeway Little Billy
A comedy film directed by John Schlesinger.
The film was financed in part by accountant Roy Tucker's tax avoidance schemes funded by the Rossminster banking group.
[24][25][26]
Paternity Tad American comedy film directed by David Steinberg.
1982 Death Valley Billy Horror film directed by Dick Richards.
1983 A Christmas Story Ralphie Parker
American Christmas comedy film
Based on the short stories and semi-fictional anecdotes of author and raconteur Jean Shepherd, based on his book In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash, with some elements derived from Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories.
Directed by Bob Clark.
[27][28][29]
1985 The Dirt Bike Kid Jack Simmons Directed by Hoite Caston.
1987 Russkies Adam American drama film directed by Rick Rosenthal. [30]
1989 Beverly Hills Brats Scooter American comedy film directed by Jim Sotos with Ruby Keeler (in her final film) and Whoopi Goldberg in a uncredited. [31]
1993 Arcade Nick A B-movie science fiction/horror film directed by Albert Pyun.
1994 The Sacred Fire Kyle Baker
Short film.
Also producer, director, and writer.
2000 No Deposit, No Return Directed by Derek Partridge.
2003 Elf Ming Ming
Uncredited
American Christmas comedy film directed by Jon Favreau.
[32]
2005 Zathura: A Space Adventure
American science fiction fantasy adventure film directed by Jon Favreau
Loosely based on the illustrated book Zathura by Chris Van Allsburg, author of Jumanji.
Co-producer
2006 The Break-Up Andrew
American romantic comedy film directed by Peyton Reed
Executive producer
Wild West Comedy Show Himself
Co-producer
Comedy documentary film directed by Ari Sandel.
2008 Iron Man William Ginter Riva
American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character of the same name.
Executive producer
[33]
Four Christmases Ticket Agent
Also known as Four Holidays in Australia and New Zealand.
Also known as Anywhere But Home in the Netherlands, Norway, United Arab Emirates and in South Africa.
A Christmas-themed romantic comedy film directed by Seth Gordon.
Executive producer
[34]
2009 Couples Retreat
American romantic comedy film.
Directed by Billingsley
2013 A Case of You Scott
American romantic comedy film that was featured at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival.
Directed by Kat Coiro
[35]
2015 Prescription Thugs Executive producer
2016 Term Life
A crime-thriller film based on the graphic novel of the same name.
Directed by Billingsley
[36]
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref
1982 Little House on the Prairie Gideon Hale Episode: "No Beast So Fierce" (S 8:Ep 12)
Massarati and the Brain Christopher 'The Brain' Massarati
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Harvey Hart.
Memories Never Die Shawn Tilford
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Sandor Stern.
1984 The Hoboken Chicken Emergency Arthur Bobowicz
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Peter Baldwin.
1985 Who's the Boss? Bobby Walsh Episode: "Double Date" (S 1:Ep 18)
The O'Briens Son
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Arthur L. Annecharico.
Highway to Heaven Ridley Episodes:
"The Monster, Part 1" (S 2:Ep 10)
"The Monster, Part 2" (S 2:Ep 11)
Punky Brewster Richmond Matzie Episode: "Christmas Shoplifting" (S 2:Ep 13)
1986 Tall Tales & Legends Kevin Episode: "Pecos Bill" (S 1:Ep 2)
Punky Brewster Richmond Matzie Episode: "Girls Will Be Boys" (S 2:Ep 15)
The Last Frontier Marty Adamson
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Simon Wincer.
1987 Carly's Web Robert Krantz Jr.
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Kevin Inch.
1990 CBS Schoolbreak Special Joey Martelli Episode: "The Fourth Man" (S 8:Ep 1)
1993 The Wonder Years Micky Spiegel Episodes:
"Summer, part 1" (S 6:Ep 21)
"Independence Day, part 2" (S 6:Ep 22)
1994 CBS Schoolbreak Special Tony Episode: "The Writing on the Wall" (S 12:Ep 1)
1995 Family Reunion: A Relative Nightmare Mark McKenna Jr.
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Neal Israel.
Sherman Oaks Billy Baker
Contract role
1995–97
1999 L.A. Heat Lance Allan Episode: "Obsession" (S 2:Ep 9)
The X Show Senior field producer
2000 Who's Watching Who? Starring
Made-for TV Movie
Directed by Tony Nassour.
The New Adventures of A.R.K.
Writer
Episode: "An Elephant Remembers"
2001–2004 Dinner for Five
Executive producer
20 episodes
2002–present Made Co-producer
2003 Trigger Happy TV Field producer - final year
2008 Dinner for Five Guest Executive producer
2012 Art of Conflict Producer
2012–2014 Sullivan & Son
Executive producer - All episodes
Writer: 33 episodes
Director: 6 episodes
2013 Pursuit of the Truth Himself as a Judge, 1 episode
Producer
10 episodes
2015 F Is for Family
Co-executive producer
An animated sitcom web television series on Netflix.
[37]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Work
Result
ref
1983 Young Artist Award Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film A Christmas Story Nominated [38][39][40][41][42]
1985 Young Artist Award Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film The Dirt Bike Kid Won [39][43][44][45][46]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter Billingsley on IMDb
Jump up ^ [1], starpas.azcc.gov; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Me and Maxx TV Show – Me and Maxx Television Show, TV.com; accessed May 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.nbcnews.com/slideshow/space-shuttle-challenger-disaster-devastated-nation-30-years-ago-n505606
Jump up ^ AdvertisementAve.com – Messy Marvin
Jump up ^ Hershey's Syrup commercial: "Messy Marvin" video – CNET TV
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter Billingsley – Awards
Jump up ^ Scott, A. O. (February 7, 2005). "We're Sorry". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ SuperShow 8000 Celebrity Archive: Celebrity Hot Potato; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Peter Billingsley on IMDb
Jump up ^ Peter Billingsley on IMDb
Jump up ^ Peter Billingsley's Guide To Beating The Child Star Odds; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Little Eagle Productions Inc. Specials I, afterschoolspecials.net; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ McKittrick, Christopher (25 April 2016). ""Jon Favreau, Vince Vaughn & Peter Billingsley: Friends & Frequent Collaborators"". ThougtCo.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gwyneth Paltrow Joins Iron Man Movie", movies.about.com; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ New York Film and Video Festival
Jump up ^ Profile, theoccasional.com; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Brian Evans: Christmas Stories Christmas Songs – Listen, Review and Buy, artistdirect.com; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Profile, hollywoodreporter.com; accessed April 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Kerry (May 1978). If Ever I See You Again (paperback ed.). New York City: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0553121872.
Jump up ^ "If Ever I See You Again". BoxOffice. New York City. May 29, 1978.
Jump up ^ Knoblauch, Mary (June 12, 1978). "News for You: Sometimes, It Just Doesn't Compute". Chicago Tribune. p. B2. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "AFI Catalog of Feature Films: If Ever I See You Again". afi.com. American Film Institute. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Walker, Alexander (September 2005) [1985]. National Heroes: British Cinema in the 70's and 80's. Orion. ISBN 0-7528-5707-X.
Jump up ^ "Greatest Box-Office Bombs, Disasters and Film Flops". Filmsite.org. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Tutt, Nigel (1985). Tax Raiders: The Rossminster Affair. London: Financial Training Publications. ISBN 0-906322-76-6.
Jump up ^ "Trivia - A Christmas Story House". Turner Entertainment Co. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ TheFW Staff. "10 Things You Didn't Know About 'A Christmas Story'". thefw.com. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Movie Facts & Trivia: A Christmas Story". achristmasstoryhouse.com. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Canby, Vincent (November 6, 1987). "MOVIE REVIEW Russkies (1987) FILM: 'RUSSKIES,' A COMEDY ADVENTURE". The New York Times. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (March 3, 1993). ""Ruby Keeler, tap dancing actress, is dead at 82"". New York Times. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Snipes, Stephanie (November 7, 2003). "How to create an 'Elf'". CNN.com. CNN. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Iron Man Production Notes". SciFi Japan. April 30, 2008. Archived from the original on March 28, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ King, Susan (November 2, 2008). "Their wishes finally came true". LA Times. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "A Case of You". Tribeca Film Festival. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "WWE Studios to Co-Produce Vince Vaughn Thriller 'Term Life' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "F is for Family: Original, Animated Series From Bill Burr Coming Exclusively to Netflix". PR Newswire. October 23, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners (illustrated ed.). Dundurn Press Ltd. pp. 42–43. ISBN 1-55002-574-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Riggs, Thomas (2007). Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. Gale / Cengage Learning. ISBN 0-7876-9047-3.
Jump up ^ "6th Youth In Film Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Young Artist Awards - President's Message". YoungArtistAwards.org. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "HFPA Golden Globes - Young Artist Foundation". GoldenGlobes.org. Archived from the original on March 17, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners (illustrated ed.). Dundurn Press Ltd. pp. 42–43. ISBN 1-55002-574-0.
Jump up ^ "8th Annual Youth In Film Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Young Artist Awards - President's Message". YoungArtistAwards.org. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "HFPA Golden Globes - Young Artist Foundation". GoldenGlobes.org. Archived from the original on March 17, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Dye, David. Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914-1985. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1988, p. 18.
Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 386.
External links[edit]
Biography portal
New York portal
New York City portal
Film portal
Television portal
Peter Billingsley on IMDb
Peter Billingsley at AllMovie
[hide]
v
t
e
Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film
1979–1990
Dennis Christopher (1979)
Justin Henry (1980)
Ricky Schroder (1981)
Henry Thomas (1982)
C. Thomas Howell (1983)
Anthony Michael Hall (1984)
Sean Astin (1985)
Peter Billingsley (1986)
River Phoenix (1987)
Fred Savage (1987)
Patrick Dempsey (1987)
Corey Feldman (1987)
Christian Bale (1988)
Corey Feldman (1988)
Corey Haim (1988)
Lukas Haas (1988)
Sean Astin (1989)
Macaulay Culkin (1990)
1991–2010
Ethan Embry (1991)
Elijah Wood (1993)
Edward Furlong (1994)
Jason James Richter (1994)
Mason Gamble (1994)
Brad Renfro (1995)
Wil Horneff (1996)
Lucas Black (1997)
Blake Heron (1998)
Kevin Zegers (1998)
Miko Hughes (1999)
Haley Joel Osment (2000)
Rob Brown (2001)
Anton Yelchin (2002)
Tyler Hoechlin (2003)
Jeremy Sumpter (2004)
Jamie Bell (2005)
Josh Hutcherson (2006)
Logan Lerman (2007)
Josh Hutcherson (2008)
Nate Hartley (2009)
Max Records (2010)
2011–present
Jaden Smith (2011)
Dakota Goyo (2012)
Tom Holland (2013)
Miles Elliot (2014)
Reese Hartwig (2015)
Michael Grant (2016)
Julian Feder (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 37125343
LCCN: no98099067
ISNI: 0000 0001 1948 6299
GND: 142408360
BNF: cb14156064m (data)
MusicBrainz: 064870d2-0454-47d4-b42f-bbf312c07e13
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Billingsley&oldid=820866868"
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Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
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Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
Address
Parkland
Parkland
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5901 Pine Island Road
Parkland, Broward County, Florida 33076
United States
Coordinates
26°18′16″N 80°16′04″W / 26.3044468°N 80.2678302°W / 26.3044468; -80.2678302[1]Coordinates: 26°18′16″N 80°16′04″W / 26.3044468°N 80.2678302°W / 26.3044468; -80.2678302[1]
Information
School type
Public secondary school
Motto
"Be Positive, Be Passionate, Be Proud to be an Eagle!"
Established
1990; 28 years ago (1990)
School district
Broward County Public Schools
CEEB code
101348
NCES School ID
120018002721[2]
Principal
Ty Thompson
Teaching staff
129 (on a FTE basis)
Grades
9–12
Enrollment
3158 (2015–2016)
Student to teacher ratio
24.48
School color(s)
Burgundy and silver
Nickname
Eagles
Website
www.browardschools1.com/stonemandouglas

Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in June 2008
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School is located in Parkland, Florida, in the Miami metropolitan area. It is a part of the Broward County Public School district, and it is the only public high school in Parkland.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Shooting
2 Academics
3 Demographics
4 Notable alumni
5 References
6 External links
History
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School was named after the Everglades environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas. The school opened in 1990[3] with students in grade 9 through grade 11, most of whom transferred from nearby schools Coral Springs High School and J. P. Taravella High School. The first senior class graduated in 1992.
Shooting
Main article: Stoneman Douglas High School shooting
On February 14, 2018, a shooting occurred at the campus leaving 17 dead and many wounded. The shooter was apprehended.[4][5]
Academics
Newsweek magazine's 2009 national ranking of high schools rated Douglas as No. 208 in the U.S., and No. 38 in Florida, which was the highest ranking of any school in Broward County.[6]
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School had a Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) school grade of "A" for the 2011–2012 academic year.[7]
The school has an Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AJROTC) unit.[8]
Demographics
As of 2015 and 2016, the total student enrollment was 3,158. The ethnic makeup of the school was 59% White, 12% Black, 20% Hispanic, 7% Asian and 2% multiracial. 23% of the students were eligible for free or reduced cost lunch.[2]
Notable alumni
Dave Aizer, news anchor of Southflorida.com on The CW, former Slime Time Live host on Nickelodeon[9]
Nick Bilton, journalist and author[citation needed]
Karamo Brown, TV personality[10]
Mike Caruso, Major League Baseball player[11]
Matt Fox, Major League Baseball player[12]
Shayne Gostisbehere, ice hockey player[13]
Ian Grushka, bassist[14]
Cameron Kasky, activist
Steve Klein, guitarist[14]
Jordan Pundik, singer[14]
Anthony Rizzo, Major League Baseball player[15]
Cassie Scerbo, actress, singer, and model[16]
Nicholas Thompson, pro golfer[17]
Nikolas Cruz, Mass Murderer
References
Jump up ^ "Stoneman Douglas High School". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. November 8, 2005. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Search for Public Schools - School Detail for Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jack E. Davis (2009). An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century. University of Georgia Press. pp. 552–. ISBN 978-0-8203-3071-6.
Jump up ^ Grinberg, Emanuella; Levenson, Eric (February 14, 2018). "At least 17 dead in Florida school shooting, law enforcement says". CNN. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Shapiro, Emily (February 14, 2018). "Police respond to shooting at Florida high school, suspect at large". Yahoo! News. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "SUBJECT: 10 District High Schools, One Charter Named Among Newsweek's Top High Schools". Broward County Public Schools. June 10, 2009. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "FCAT School Grades – High". Broward County Public Schools. 2012. Archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "JROTC Department". Stoneman Douglas High School. Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Diaz, Johnny (February 14, 2018). "Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland – Facts about the site of mass shooting". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Famous alumni include Dave Aizer, a news anchor for Fort Lauderdale-Miami The CW affiliate WSFL-Ch. 39.
Jump up ^ "Human Rights Campaign on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
Jump up ^ Greenstein, Teddy (April 8, 1998). "Caruso Just Wants To Play". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Matt Fox Stats". Baseball-Reference.com. 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Flyers' Shayne Gostisbehere reacts to shooting at old high school". February 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bowker, Tom (March 15, 2001). "Real World Punk". Miami New Times. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Florida shooting: Cubs' Anthony Rizzo sends support to his high school". USA Today. February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Marr, Madeline (February 14, 2018). "It was the scene of unspeakable violence. Hours before, it was just another high school". Miami Herald. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Notable alumni include ...“Sharknado” actress Cassie Scerbo...
Jump up ^ Davis, Craig (February 26, 2015). "McIlroy saves up-and-down day with late birdies". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.
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Organizations
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Events
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locations
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Activists
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Cameron KaskyΔ†
Andrew Pollack§‡
Alex WindΔ†
§ parent, Δ student survivor, † supportive of gun control, ‡ critical of gun control
Authority control
ISNI: 0000 0004 0519 0843
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Social effects of rock music
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The popularity and worldwide scope of rock music resulted in a powerful impact on society. Rock and roll influenced daily life, fashion, attitudes and language in a way few other social developments have equalled. As the original generations of rock and roll fans matured, the music became an accepted and deeply interwoven thread in popular culture. Beginning in the early 1950s, rock songs and acts began to be used in a few television commercials; within a decade this practice became widespread, and rock music also featured in film and television program soundtracks.
Contents
[hide]
1 Race
2 Sex and drugs
3 Fashion
4 Authenticity
5 Charitable and social causes
6 Religion
6.1 Christianity
6.2 Satanism
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Race[edit]
In the cross-over of African American "race music" to a growing white youth audience, the popularization of rock and roll involved both black performers reaching a white audience and white performers appropriating African-American music.[1] Rock and roll appeared at a time when racial tensions in the United States were entering a new phase, with the beginnings of the civil rights movement for desegregation, leading to the Supreme Court ruling that abolished the policy of "separate but equal" in 1954, but leaving a policy which would be extremely difficult to enforce in parts of the United States.[2] The coming together of white youth audiences and black music in rock and roll, inevitably provoked strong white racist reactions within the US, with many whites condemning its breaking down of barriers based on color.[3] Many observers saw rock and roll as heralding the way for desegregation, in creating a new form of music that encouraged racial cooperation and shared experience.[4] Many authors have argued that early rock and roll was instrumental in the way both white and black teenagers identified themselves.[5]
Sex and drugs[edit]
See also: Wine, women and song
The rock and roll lifestyle was popularly associated with sex and drugs. Many of rock and roll's early stars (as well as their jazz and blues counterparts) were known as hard-drinking, hard-living characters. During the 1960s the lifestyles of many stars became more publicly known, aided by the growth of the underground rock press. Musicians had always attracted attention of "groupies" (girls who followed musicians) who spent time with and often performed sexual favors for band members.
As the stars' lifestyles became more public, the popularity and promotion of recreational drug use by musicians may have influenced use of drugs and the perception of acceptability of drug use among the youth of the period. For example, when in the late 1960s the Beatles, who had previously been marketed as clean-cut youths, started publicly acknowledging using LSD, many fans followed. Journalist Al Aronowitz wrote "...whatever the Beatles did was acceptable, especially for young people." Jerry Garcia, of the rock band Grateful Dead said, "For some people, taking LSD and going to Grateful Dead show functions like a rite of passage ... we don't have a product to sell; but we do have a mechanism that works."[citation needed]
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, much of the rock and roll cachet associated with drug use dissipated as rock music suffered a series of drug-related deaths, including the 27 Club-member deaths of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison. Although some amount of drug use remained common among rock musicians, a greater respect for the dangers of drug consumption was observed, and many anti-drug songs became part of the rock lexicon, notably "The Needle and the Damage Done" by Neil Young (1972).
Many rock musicians, including John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Bob Dylan, Jerry Garcia, Stevie Nicks, Jimmy Page, Keith Richards, Bon Scott, Eric Clapton, Pete Townshend, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Dennis Wilson, Steven Tyler, Scott Weiland, Sly Stone, Madonna, Ozzy Osbourne, Mötley Crüe, Layne Staley, Kurt Cobain, Courtney Love, Lemmy, Whitney Houston, Bobby Brown, Buffy Sainte Marie, Dave Matthews, David Crosby, Anthony Kiedis, Dave Mustaine, David Bowie, Richard Wright, Phil Rudd, Elton John, Phil Anselmo, James Hetfield, Kirk Hammett, and others, have acknowledged battling addictions to many substances including alcohol, cocaine and heroin; many of these have successfully undergone drug rehabilitation programs, but others have died.
In the early 1980s. along with the rise of the band Minor Threat, a straight edge lifestyle became popular. The straight edge philosophy of abstinence from recreational drugs, alcohol, tobacco and sex became associated with some hardcore punks through the years, and both remain popular with youth today.[citation needed]
Fashion[edit]
A Mohawked French punk
Rock music and fashion have been inextricably linked. In the mid-1960s of the UK, rivalry arose between "Mods" (who favoured 'modern' Italian-led fashion) and "Rockers" (who wore motorcycle leathers), each style had their own favored musical acts. (The controversy would form the backdrop for The Who's rock opera Quadrophenia). In the 1960s, The Beatles brought mop-top haircuts, collarless blazers, and Beatle Boots into fashion.
Rock musicians were also early adopters of hippie fashion and popularised such styles as long hair and the Nehru jacket. As rock music genres became more segmented, what an artist wore became as important as the music itself in defining the artist's intent and relationship to the audience. In the early 1970s, glam rock became widely influential featuring glittery fashions, high heels and camp. In the late 1970s, disco acts helped bring flashy urban styles to the mainstream, while punk groups began wearing mock-conservative attire, (including suit jackets and skinny ties), in an attempt to be as unlike mainstream rock musicians, who still favored blue jeans and hippie-influenced clothes.
Heavy Metal bands in the 1980s often favoured a strong visual image. For some bands, this consisted of leather or denim jackets and pants, spike/studs and long hair. Visual image was a strong component of the glam metal movement.
In the early 1990s, the popularity of grunge brought in a punk influenced fashion of its own, including torn jeans, old shoes, flannel shirts, backwards baseball hats, and people grew their hair against the clean-cut image that was popular at the time in heavily commercialized pop music culture.
Musicians continue to be fashion icons; pop-culture magazines such as Rolling Stone often include fashion layouts featuring musicians as models.
Authenticity[edit]
Main article: Selling out
In the Goth subculture, individuals who are perceived as not truly sharing the values of the subculture are deemed to be "inauthentic".
Rock musicians and fans have consistently struggled with the paradox of "selling out"—to be considered "authentic", rock music must keep a certain distance from the commercial world and its constructs; [clarification needed] however it is widely believed that certain compromises must be made in order to become successful and to make music available to the public. This dilemma has created friction between musicians and fans, with some bands going to great lengths to avoid the appearance of "selling out" (while still finding ways to make a lucrative living). In some styles of rock, such as punk and heavy metal, a performer who is believed to have "sold out" to commercial interests may be labelled with the pejorative term "poseur".
If a performer first comes to public attention with one style, any further stylistic development may be seen as selling out to long-time fans. On the other hand, managers and producers may progressively take more control of the artist, as happened, for instance, in Elvis Presley's swift transition in species from "The Hillbilly Cat" to "your teddy bear". It can be difficult to define the difference between seeking a wider audience and selling out. Ray Charles left behind his classic formulation of rhythm and blues to sing country music, pop songs and soft-drink commercials. In the process, he went from a niche audience to worldwide fame. In the end, it is a moral judgement made by the artist, the management, and the audience.
Charitable and social causes[edit]
Love and peace were very common themes in rock music during the 1960s and 1970s. Rock musicians have often attempted to address social issues directly as commentary or as calls to action. During the Vietnam War the first rock protest songs were heard, inspired by the songs of folk musicians such as Woody Guthrie and Bob Dylan, which ranged from abstract evocations of peace Peter, Paul and Mary's "If I Had a Hammer" to blunt anti-establishment diatribes Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young's "Ohio". Other musicians, notably John Lennon and Yoko Ono, were vocal in their anti-war sentiment both in their music and in public statements.
Famous rock musicians have adopted causes ranging from the environment (Marvin Gaye's "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)") and the Anti-Apartheid Movement (Peter Gabriel's "Biko"), to violence in Northern Ireland (U2's "Sunday Bloody Sunday") and worldwide economic policy (the Dead Kennedys' "Kill the Poor"). Another notable protest song is Patti Smith's recording "People Have the Power." On occasion this involvement would go beyond simple songwriting and take the form of sometimes-spectacular concerts or televised events, often raising money for charity and awareness of global issues.
Rock and roll as social activism reached a milestone in the Live Aid concerts, held July 13, 1985, which were an outgrowth of the 1984 charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and became the largest musical concert in history with performers on two main stages, one in London, England and the other in Philadelphia, USA (plus some other acts performing in other countries) and televised worldwide. The concert lasted 16 hours and featured nearly everybody who was in the forefront of rock and pop in 1985. The charity event raised millions of dollars for famine relief in Africa. Live Aid became a model for many other fund-raising and consciousness-raising efforts, including the Farm Aid concerts for family farmers in North America, and televised performances benefiting victims of the September 11 attacks. Live Aid itself was reprised in 2005 with the Live 8 concert, to raise awareness of global economic policy. Environmental issues have also been a common theme, one example being Live Earth.
Religion[edit]
Songwriters such as Pete Townshend have explored these spiritual aspects within their work. The common usage of the term "rock god" acknowledges the religious quality of the adulation some rock stars receive. John Lennon became infamous for a statement he made in 1966 that The Beatles were "more popular than Jesus Christ".[6] However, he later said that this statement was misunderstood and not meant to be anti-Christian.[7]
Iron Maiden, Ozzy Osbourne, King Diamond, Alice Cooper, Led Zeppelin, Marilyn Manson, Slayer and numerous others have also been accused of being satanists, immoral or otherwise having an "evil" influence on their listeners. Anti-religious sentiments also appear in punk and hardcore. There's the example of the song "Filler" by Minor Threat, the name and famous logo of the band Bad Religion and criticism of Christianity and all religions is an important theme in anarcho-punk and crust punk.[citation needed]
Christianity[edit]
Christian rock, alternative rock, metal, punk, and hardcore are specific, identifiable genres of rock music with strong Christian overtones and influence.[citation needed] Many groups and individuals who are not considered to be Christian rock artists have religious beliefs themselves. For example; The Edge and Bono of U2 are a Methodist and an Anglican,[8] respectively; Bruce Springsteen is a Roman Catholic;[9] and Brandon Flowers of The Killers is a Latter Day Saint.[10][11] Carlos Santana, Ted Nugent, and John Mellencamp are all other examples of rock stars who profess some form of Christian faith.
However, some conservative Christians single out the music genres of hip hop and rock as well as blues and jazz as containing jungle beats, or jungle music, and claim that it is a beat or musical style that is inherently evil, immoral, or sensual. Thus, according to them, any song in the rap, hip hop and rock genres is inherently evil because of the song's musical beat, regardless of the song's lyrics or message. A few even extend this analysis even to Christian rock songs.[12]
Christian conservative author David Noebel is one of the most notable opponents of the existence of jungle beats. In his writings and speeches, Noebel held that the use of such beats in music was a communist plot to subvert the morality of the youth of the United States.[13] Pope Benedict XVI was quoted as saying, according to the British Broadcasting Corporation, that "Rock... is the expression of the elemental passions, and at rock festivals it assumes a sometimes cultic character, a form of worship, in fact, in opposition to Christian worship."[14]
Satanism[edit]
See also: Hell's Bells: The Dangers of Rock 'N' Roll
Some metal bands use demonic imagery for artistic and/or entertainment purposes, though they do not worship or believe in Satan.[citation needed] Ozzy Osbourne is reported to be Anglican[15][16] and Alice Cooper is a known born-again Christian.[17] In some cases, though, metal performers have expressed satanic views. Numerous others in the early Norwegian black metal scene were Satanists.The most known exemple of this is Euronymous, who claimed that he worshiped Satan as a god. Varg Vikernes (back then called "the Count" or Grishnak)have also been called a Satanist[18], even through he have rejected that label. Even within this localized musical subgenre, however, the arson attacks against Christian churches and other centers of worship were condemned by some prominent figures within the Norwegian black metal scene, such as Kjetil Manheim.[19]
References[edit]
Rock music portal
Jump up ^ M. Fisher, Something in the air: radio, rock, and the revolution that shaped a generation (Marc Fisher, 2007), p. 53.
Jump up ^ H. Zinn, A people's history of the United States: 1492–present (Pearson Education, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 450.
Jump up ^ G. C. Altschuler, All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America (Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), p. 35.
Jump up ^ M. T. Bertrand, Race, rock, and Elvis (University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 95–6.
Jump up ^ Carson, Mina (2004). Girls Rock!: Fifty Years of Women Making Music. Lexington. p. 24.
Jump up ^ Evening Standard, March 4, 1966
Jump up ^ Chicago Press Conference Transcript "Chicago Press Conference"
Jump up ^ Dunphy, Eamon (1987). Unforgettable Fire: The Definitive Biography of U2. New York: Warner Books.
Jump up ^ "Bruce Springsteen – Biography". imdb.com. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "Craig McLean talks to the Killers' singer Brandon Flowers". The Observer. London. 2006-09-24. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "Hi I'm Brandon | Mormon | 5233". Mormon.org. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "Virtue Magazine » Blog Archive » Music; how does it affect you?". Virtuemag.org. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Atomic Platters | The Marxist Minstrels [1968]". Conelrad. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Pope Benedict XVI in his own words". BBC News. 20 April 2005. 2005-04-20. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
Jump up ^ Moreman, Christopher M. (Fall 2003). "Devil Music and the Great Beast: Ozzy Osbourne, Aleister Crowley, and the Christian Right". Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. Department of Religious Studies and Anthropology, The University of Saskatchewan. V. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ Ravo, Nick (1992-09-23). "At Tea With: Ozzy Osbourne; Family Man. Fights Fat, Is Good With Kids". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ "Alice Cooper Is a Christian". JesusJournal.com. 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5nWw12iqF8
Jump up ^ Martin Ledang, Pål Aasdal (2008). Once Upon a Time in Norway.
Further reading[edit]
Alain Dister, The Story Of Rock Smash Hits And Superstars (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1993), 40.
Jeff Godwin, The Devil's Disciples: the Truth about Rock (Chino, Calif.: Chick Publications, 1985). ISBN 0-937958-23-9
Dan Peters, Steve Peters, and Cher Merrill. Why Knock Rock? (Minneapolis, Minn.: Bethany House Publishers, 1984). ISBN 0-87123-440-8
Perry F. Rockwood, Rock Music or Rock of Ages (Halifax, N.S.: People's Gospel Hour, [1980?]). Without ISBN
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Rock music
Rock music museum
San Francisco Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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